uuid
stringlengths 36
36
| chunk_index
int64 0
24
| text
stringlengths 1
1.82k
⌀ |
|---|---|---|
a0df8ed7-6fc4-4b5a-9c3b-da2190aff35c
| 3 |
The latter is then transformed by a side pathway into dehydroisocoproporphyrinogen and thence into dehydroisocoproporphyrin and its congeners.
|
bbd108a0-d17b-4fc1-b8a9-8dfb2af0d342
| 0 |
Neovitamin B12 (cyano-13-epicobalamin). Beta-Epimerization in the corrinoid system has recently emerged as a complicating factor in the latter stages of the total synthesis of vitamin B12 (Eschenmoser 1971; Woodward 1973). It has also found some application in biosynthetic studies on the origin of the methyl groups in ring C (Scott, Townsend & Cushley 1973; Scott, this Discussion p. 303). This paper sets out to review briefly the beta-epimerization of corrinoid polyamides, with particular reference to our work on the neo-series which provided the first established example of this phenomenon.
|
5aa54a36-e241-418b-8349-68ffd0d59618
| 0 |
The biosynthesis of vitamin B12. The use of 13C-Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (F.t.-n.m.r.) has led to the observation that while 8 molecules of [2-13C]ALA are incorporated into vitamin B12 in P. shermanii, [5-13C]ALA labels only seven of the carbon atoms of cyanocobalamin, i.
|
5aa54a36-e241-418b-8349-68ffd0d59618
| 1 |
e. one of the amino methyl groups of ALA is "lost" in the process. It has also been confirmed that seven of the methyl groups of B12 are derived from 13CH3-enriched methionine and further that the chirality of the gemdimethyl grouping at C12 labelled with [13CH3]methionine is R.
|
5aa54a36-e241-418b-8349-68ffd0d59618
| 2 |
A soluble enzyme mixture from the 37000 or 100000 g supernatant of disrupted cells of P. shermanii converts both 14 C-labelled ALA and [14C]uro'gen III to cobyrinic acid, the simplest corrinoid material on the pathway to vitamin B12 and the coenzyme, in presence of NADPH, Co2+, Mg2+, S-adenosyl-methionine and glutathione.
|
5aa54a36-e241-418b-8349-68ffd0d59618
| 3 |
Multiply-labelled uro'gens (13C, 14C and 3H) have been used to show that incorporation takes place without randomization. A sequence for corrin synthesis from uro'gen III is presented.
|
5f04ac60-ec69-4007-a8fb-848f673f565e
| 0 |
Synthesis of corrins and related macrocycles based on pyrrolic intermediates. Intermediate in structure between porphyrins and corrins are the corroles and 1-methyltetradehydrocorrins. These ring systems, like the porphyrins, can be obtained by cyclization of linear tetrapyrrolic compounds, reactions which have been shown to proceed by orbital symmetry-allowed electrocyclic processes, and examples will be quoted.
|
5f04ac60-ec69-4007-a8fb-848f673f565e
| 1 |
Thermolysis of nickel 1-methyltetradehydrocorrins causes a migration of the methyl group whereas similar treatment of nickel 1,19-dimethyltetradehydrocorrin salts yields porphyrin derivatives; the mechanisms of these transformations have been elucidated. Stepwise hydrogenation of metal tetradehydrocorrin salts (10 double bonds) yields a series of macrocycles containing 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 double bonds and conditions necessary to obtain corrins have been established.
|
b5fefd45-1ebf-4623-93fb-b5358b598f1c
| 0 |
Chemical behavior of dicyanocob(III)yrinic acid heptamethyl ester and cob(I)yrinic acid heptamethyl ester in some preparative experiments. Preparations of C10 acetate, trifluoroacetate, and chloro derivatives of dicyanocobyrinic acid heptamethyl ester ('cobester') are described. The nature and properties of intermediates in the synthesis of the 10-chloro derivative are discussed, and the electronic absorption spectra of the products are presented.
|
379b481a-1428-4309-ba3b-2832983a7dbf
| 0 |
Chemical reactivities of tetrapyrrole pigments: a comparison of experimentalbehaviour with the results of s.c.f.-pi-m.o. calculations. Porphyrins are highly sigma-electron donating bases and very weak pi-acids. Hence they increase the electron density on central metal ions, e.g. iron, which leads to the specific reactivity of haem cytochromes, haemoglobin and oxidizing enzymes.
|
379b481a-1428-4309-ba3b-2832983a7dbf
| 1 |
The macrocyclic chlorin ligand behaves similarly but to a lesser degree which explains the comparably low oxidation potential of chlorophyll. Phlorins, oxophlorins, oxa- and aza-orphyrins, tetradehydrocorrins, corrins and biliverdins all produce metal complexes which have a similar geometry to that of metalloporphyrins, but their reactivity patterns are different.
|
379b481a-1428-4309-ba3b-2832983a7dbf
| 2 |
In contrast to the metalloporphyrins which undergo many fully reversible reactions, these compounds tend to irreversible addition and cleavage reactions. The tetrapyrrole ligands are stronger pi-acids than porphyrins. Results of some recent experimental work and pi-electron s.c.f. calculations are presented in support of these generalizations.
|
58baddd9-f520-4be3-99ff-e25a0848efc8
| 0 |
The structures of some cobalamins in solution. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to examine the conformations of cobalamins in solution. The perturbation of the resonances in the n.m.r. spectra by lanthanide probes provided particularly valuable information. Except for minor details the conformations are the same as those in the crystalline state. The temperature dependence of the conformation has been reassessed.
|
e0897cf5-2a87-4821-8cb1-aa1eedc77f0e
| 0 |
Control of 5-aminolaevulinate synthetase activity in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Rhodopseudomonas spheroides can grow in a defined medium with either light or oxygen as an energy source. Cells grown anaerobically or at very low oxygen tensions are rich in the photosynthetic pigment bacteriochlorophyll, whereas this pigment is virtually absent in cells grown under high oxygen tensions.
|
e0897cf5-2a87-4821-8cb1-aa1eedc77f0e
| 1 |
Aminolaevulinate synthetase, the first enzyme on the pathway to bacteriochlorophyll, appears to play an important role in the control of bacteriochlorophyll synthesis. Thus, the enzyme has a high activity in extracts of pigmented cells and a low activity in extracts of non-pigmented cells. Further, oxygenation of a pigmented culture causes immediate cessation of pigment synthesis and produces a rapid fall in the activity of aminolaevulinate synthetase.
|
e0897cf5-2a87-4821-8cb1-aa1eedc77f0e
| 2 |
This loss of activity appears to be due to the loss of an endogenous activator of the enzyme. Thus, pigmented cells contain cystine trisulphide, which at muM concentrations is an activator of aminolaevulinate synthetase, while oxygenation causes a rapid fall in the cellular content of this trisulphide. Cystathionase (EC 4.2.1.15
|
e0897cf5-2a87-4821-8cb1-aa1eedc77f0e
| 3 |
) extracted from pigmented cells can catalyse the formation of cystine trisulphide from cystine, while rhodanese (EC 2.8.1.1) extracted from the same cells can catalyse the degradation of cystine trisulphide in the presence of sulphite to form cystine and thiosulphate. It is proposed that the cellular content of cystine trisulphide is controlled by changes in the levels of substrates for cystathionase and possibly rhodanese rather than changes in the amounts of these enzymes.
|
e0897cf5-2a87-4821-8cb1-aa1eedc77f0e
| 4 |
Cystine trisulphide controls the activity of aminolaevulinate synthetase by converting a low-activity form of the enzyme (b-form) into a high-activity form (a-form). The fall in aminolaevulinate synthetase activity on oxygenation appears to be the result of cessation of conversion of b-form into a-form, along with a conversion of a-form into b-form.
|
e0897cf5-2a87-4821-8cb1-aa1eedc77f0e
| 5 |
Factors affecting the equilibrium between the forms and the possible mechanisms for their interconversion are discussed.
|
b7936d7b-e64d-4873-a3ab-1ee4cca93a9d
| 0 |
The structural subunit of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (baker's yeast). The subunit molecular weight of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) from baker's yeast has been evaluated. The subunit molecular weight value is shown to be 25,500 daltons by analytical ultracentrifugation, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the number of peptides produced by CNBr cleavage. The number of NADP binding sites was determined to be one per 25,500 dalton unit.
|
6ba4fbaf-a266-4023-9f8d-4bc78c5be91d
| 0 |
Study of cystinaminopeptidase heterogeneity in animal sera by the isoelectric focusing method. Study of the quantitative distribution of cystinaminopeptidase activity in the serum of pregnant and control animals (cow, sheep and rat) by the isoelectric focusing method showed heterogeneity of the cystinaminopeptidase activity of the animals' serum enzymatic system, which was well pronounced in the cow and rat and less pronounced in the sheep.
|
6ba4fbaf-a266-4023-9f8d-4bc78c5be91d
| 1 |
The authors assume from their results that the principal difference between the pregnant and control animals is not the total increase in the level of activity of the enzyme in question, but the shift in its incidence, or the increase in activity at a given pH. It is possible that pregnancy, in man and animals, produces in the serum cystinaminopeptidase system (which is evidently heterogeneous even under normal, physiological conditions) given changes, i.
|
6ba4fbaf-a266-4023-9f8d-4bc78c5be91d
| 2 |
e. the formation of new fractions with a different pI from the controls; other fractions disappear, or their activity diminishes.
|
d9c7f4d7-3031-427a-a8f9-2dd167fe6e6c
| 0 |
Thiopental anaesthesia and the acid-base balance in the blood of experimental dogs. An analysis of basic parameters representative of the acid-base balance was made in arterial blood samples from 140 clinically healthy dogs, under a general intravenous Thiopental anaesthesia. The following mean values +/- S.E.
|
d9c7f4d7-3031-427a-a8f9-2dd167fe6e6c
| 1 |
M. were obtained: pH = 7.33 +/- 0.01; pCO2 = 47.16 +/- 0.95; base excess = -2.12 +/- 0.27; buffer base = 46.63 +/- 0.37. The results showed a prevalent trend of lower values of pH, base excess and buffer base and higher values of pCO2 than those found commonly in human clinical practice.
|
d9c7f4d7-3031-427a-a8f9-2dd167fe6e6c
| 2 |
Special attention was paid to the respiratory component of the acid-base balance (ABB) revealing certain undesirable side effect of Thiopental anaesthesia.
|
dd003ac5-318c-490e-b09e-60f8b6edf49d
| 0 |
Fast neutron and x-ray induced single strand DNA breaks in cultured mammalian cells. The relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) of fast neutrons in the production of single strand DNA breaks is 1.6 as compared to that of 250 kVp x rays. Monolayers of L-929 cells were treated with dinitrophenol during irradiation to prevent the DNA strands from rejoining; the extent of DNA damage was measured by the alkaline sucrose sedimentation method. The RBE for DNA damage is essentially the same as the RBE measured by cell survival methods.
|
4c69562e-caf4-4ef0-b068-8ae0e9bc6653
| 0 |
Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by sulphasalazine and its metabolites. Sulphasalazine (SZ) inhibits prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis in vitro with a potency comparable to that of aceylsalicylate. The metabolites of SZ, sulphapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid, were of considerably lower potency as inhibitors of PG biosynthesis in the synthetase preparations used. Th inhibition of prostaglandin production by SZ could at least partly account for the clinical utility of sulphasalazine in ulcerative colitis. Sulphapyridine may help to maintain inhibitory concentrations of SZ by restraining bacterial breakdown of the active drug.
|
59a22706-8006-4e54-8370-a87e28cd6928
| 0 |
Partial characterization of prostaglandin synthetase in the reproductive tract of the male house cricket, Acheta domesticus. An active prostaglandin (PG) synthetase was found in the 12100 g pellet of reproductive tract homogenates of the male house cricket, Acheta domesticus. Comparatively, the 12100 g supernatant and the microsomal fractions were inactive.
|
59a22706-8006-4e54-8370-a87e28cd6928
| 1 |
The PG synthetase in the pellet fraction was characterized in terms of cofactor, temperature, pH, and incubation time requirements. Indomethacin, a known inhibitor of mammalian PG synthetase, was not inhibitory to the cricket synthetase. The procedure and findings are relevant to PG synthetase studies of any organism or tissue.
|
4591d7dd-4d49-449b-b370-77910afb9355
| 0 |
Hydroxyzine hydrochloride: possible adverse cardiac interactions. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride may produce abnormal ventricular repolarization when given in substratial doses or to susceptible individuals. Phenothiazines, such as thioridazine, tricyclic antidepressants, or antiparkinson drugs, any of which may be given concurrently to psychiatric patients, may augment this effect as well as atropine, quinidine or procainamide. Such EKG abnormalities may increase the likelihood of dysrhythmias and sudden death.
|
202e9e06-636e-443e-b1aa-92298bf5618f
| 0 |
Assessment of antipsychotic activity of an unique agent: SU-23397. SU-23397 is a unique new hybrid molecule, the animal profile being characteristic of neuroleptic activity. Although the trial was uncontrolled, there appears to be no doubt that SU-23397 exerts antipsychotic activity between 20 mg and 250 mg daily in severely ill schizophrenic patients.
|
202e9e06-636e-443e-b1aa-92298bf5618f
| 1 |
Seven of the ten subjects required at least transient antiparkinson medication. Two patients demonstrated premature ventricular contractions. One patient had infrequent PVCs at baseline which increased in frequency with rising dosage. The other patient developed frequent premature ventricular contractions only after active and medication was initiated and was subsequently withdrawn from the study.
|
bb228290-5118-4bd6-ae7a-664f8ed50371
| 0 |
The effect of various chlorpromazine derivatives on the apomorphine-elicited inhibition of synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylase activity. The effects of chlorpromazine and of some metabolites of chlorpromazine on the apomorphine-elicited inhibition of synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylase activity were investigated. Chlorpromazine, nor1-chlorpromazine and 7-hydroxychlorpromazine reverse the apomorphine-elicited inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase activity while nor1-chlorpromazine sulfoxide and nor2-chlorpromazine sulfoxide have no effect on this inhibition.
|
bb228290-5118-4bd6-ae7a-664f8ed50371
| 1 |
6-Hydroxychlorpromazine and promethazine also reverse the enzyme inhibition by apomorphine but are less potent than chlorpromazine or 7-hydroxychlorpromazine. These results show that chlorpromazine and its metabolites with antipsychotic activity are more effective in reversing the apomorphine-elicited inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase than those metabolites which are devoid of antipsychotic activity.
|
9f817737-fe19-4754-9810-59b46d965504
| 0 |
Effects of benzodiazepines on the binding of tryptophan in serum. Consequences on 5-hydroxyindoles concentrations in the rat brain. Benzodiazepines (diazepam, oxazepam, chlordiazepoxide) inhibited competitively the binding of tryptophan onto rat serum albumin. As a result, in vivo treatment with one of these compounds (chlordiazepoxide for instance) induced a significant increase in the concentration of free tryptophan in serum.
|
9f817737-fe19-4754-9810-59b46d965504
| 1 |
These observations suggest that the high levels of both 5-hydroxyindoles and tryptophan which occurred in the rat brain after any benzodiazepine administration could be at least partly the consequence of its effect on tryptophan binding in blood.
|
301b3924-7509-4c3b-9b60-14fd8e0ff530
| 0 |
The search for the dopamine receptor: tribulations. In an attempt to identify specific binding to dopamine receptors the binding of 3H-pimozide to preparations of brain and to an artificial cellulose membrane was examined. Binding occurred rapidly, was pH and temperature dependent, and was displaceable by other neuroleptics.
|
301b3924-7509-4c3b-9b60-14fd8e0ff530
| 1 |
Displaceable binding was saturable at 5 X 10(-8) M pimozide. A weak correlation between IC50's for displacement of binding by drugs and their clinical potencies was observed. Displaceable binding of 3H-pimozide in different brain areas did not correlate with dopamine levels. The similarity of binding properties to brain and to artificial membrane suggests that these effects are a function of the physical-chemical properties of these drugs, and that these properties may be related to their clinical effect.
|
f9d75ca4-eddd-4215-ab75-53057c44e3af
| 0 |
Functional heterogeneity within neurotransmitter systems. This paper reviews experiments that have revealed distinct differences between the dorsal and median raphe nuclei in the rat midbrain. The raphe nuclei appear to be hetrogeneous with respect to their anatomical projections to the forebrain, their relevance to specific behaviors, and their pharmacological responses. Startle response measures are useful indicators of the functional state of serotonergic system originating in the median raphe. As a way to study individual cells within the various raphe nuclei, microspectroflurimetric techniques are promising.
|
97df7d69-05c3-4d92-ab8d-de30bf28b43a
| 0 |
Benzodiazepines and reproduction of swiss-webster mice. Chronic dietary administration of 6 different benzodiazepine tranquilizers (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, oxazepam, prazepam, flurazepam, and nitrazepam) to breeding pairs of Swiss-Webster mice resulted in alterations of the normal patterns of reproductive behavior and fetal growth. Significant decreases in mating performance were seen among mice given diets containing 0.15% chlordiazepoxide, 0.05% diazepam, 0.05 and 0.15% oxazepam, 0.02 and 0.10% prazepam, 0.10% flurazepam, and 0.025% nitrazepam. Offspring in all drug treatments showed significantly depressed body weights at birth.
|
cf6a770e-673b-443c-9c77-5a72adf95e8d
| 0 |
In vitro and in vivo studies of (1-sarcosine, 8-threonine) angiotensin II. The capacity of (1-Sarcosine, 8-Threonine) angiotensin II to block the contractile and pressor effects of exogenous and endogenous angiotensin II was examined. In isolated rabbit aorta, the pA2 value (from pA2 plots) for the analog was 8.75
|
cf6a770e-673b-443c-9c77-5a72adf95e8d
| 1 |
+/- 0.11. Both the maximum response and the slope of the dose-response curve to angiotensin II were unchanged by the analog. In ganglion-blocked vagotomized rats, infusion of the analog produced a dose-dependent blockage of the angiotensin II pressor effect. In these rats, the analog displayed less agonistic activity than that of (1-Sarcosine, 8-Isoleucine) and (1-Sarcosine, 8-Alanine) angiotensin II.
|
cf6a770e-673b-443c-9c77-5a72adf95e8d
| 2 |
In two-kidney hypertensive rats, the angiotensin II antagonist significantly reduced the arterial blood pressure. The results indicate that (1-Sar, 8-Thr) angiotensin II is a potent antagonist of angiotensin II with less inherent agonistic activity than previously reported analogs.
|
cb1ad5cb-96d1-4acc-a831-3c2c936927b0
| 0 |
The effect of mercuric chloride intoxication on urinary psi-glutamyl transpeptidase excretion in the sheep. The activity of the enzyme psi-glutamyl transpeptidase (psi-GT) was measured in the urine of sheep. In clinically normal animals the mean value was 6-3+/-0-6 mU/ml. In sheep with kidney damage induced by the administration of mercuric chloride there were marked increases in urinary concentrations of psi-GT, in some cases values in excess of 1000 mU/ml were recorded. This enzyme may be of value in the diagnosis of certain forms of renal disease.
|
277816bb-fa98-41f4-84e5-1d64cf47c8d8
| 0 |
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase and phosphodiesterase I. Demonstration of activity in normal serum, and an increase in cholestatic liver disease. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase activity with uridine diphosphoglucose and dephospho-CoA as substrates was demonstrated in normal human serum. The enzyme has a pH-optimum of about 9.6 and is inhibited by EDTA.
|
277816bb-fa98-41f4-84e5-1d64cf47c8d8
| 1 |
Phosphodiesterase I (hydrolysis of thymidine-5'-monophospho-p-nitrophenylester) was also found in normal human serum, with a pH-optimum of about 9.8 and a Km of 0.20-0.25 mM. Probably both activities should be attributed to one enzyme. Different isoenzymes may exist, however. The activity of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I in normal serum in many respects resembles an enzyme previously isolated from liver plasma membranes.
|
277816bb-fa98-41f4-84e5-1d64cf47c8d8
| 2 |
Phosphodiesterase I activity was increased in normal pregnancy, in primary biliary cirrhosis, and in patients with bone lesions, but not in acute viral hepatitis or active chronic hepatitis. In primary biliary cirrhosis, the activity of phosphodiesterase I paralleled an increase of alkaline phosphatases.
|
909cfa65-1584-4279-a604-53ba8c1f4706
| 0 |
[The value of renin determination in the diagnosis of hypertension]. Primary aldosteronism and renovascular hypertension are two different diseases in which renin determinations are necessary for establishment of diagnosis or therapeutic procedure. Low renin values which are not stimulated by acute stimuli combined with elevated plasma aldosterone concentrations confirm the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism.
|
909cfa65-1584-4279-a604-53ba8c1f4706
| 1 |
When in a patient with proven renal artery stenosis a significant difference in renal venous renin activity is observed between the two kidneys, a connection between hypertension and renal artery stenosis is likely when in addition the renin secretion of the unaffected kidney is suppressed. A favourable outcome for surgery can be predicted when the individual clinical picture in such a case is also considered.
|
909cfa65-1584-4279-a604-53ba8c1f4706
| 2 |
A similar view also holds for the connection between hypertension and unilateral small kidney not due to renal artery stenosis. In essential hypertension the plasma renin level makes it possible to a certain extent to predict whether a patient will benefit from diuretics or from beta-blocking agents. Despite this experience, however, renin determinations are not indicated in every case of essential hypertension.
|
909cfa65-1584-4279-a604-53ba8c1f4706
| 3 |
It has not been proven that the prognosis of this disease is improved by renin oriented monotherapy rather than by effective treatment with other antihypertensive agents.
|
02917f74-e4b5-4111-a433-82b8f628431f
| 0 |
Alpha-adrenergic receptor identification by (3H)dihydroergocryptine binding. A radioactively labeled alpha-adrenergic antagonist, [3H]dihydroergocryptine, binds specifically to a site on rabbit uterine membranes. Binding is rapid, reaching equilibrium in less than 17 minutes at 25 degrees C. Adrenergic agonists compete for this binding site with an order of affinities identical to the pharmacological potency order of these agents as alpha-adrenergic agonists (epinephrine greater than norepinephrine greater than isoprotereonl).
|
02917f74-e4b5-4111-a433-82b8f628431f
| 1 |
The (-) stereoisomers of epinephrine and norepinephrine are 30 times more potent in competing for the site than the corresponding (+) stereoisomers. alpha-Adrenergic antagonists, such as phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine, potently compete for the binding sites while the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol does not. Structural analogs of catecholamines that are devoid of alpha-adrenergic physiological activity do not compete for [3H]dihydroergocryptine binding sites.
|
02917f74-e4b5-4111-a433-82b8f628431f
| 2 |
These data suggest that alpha-adrenergic receptors can be directly identified and studied by [3H]dihydroergocryptine binding.
|
79d09458-0ff4-4165-b8ee-3c3c08688347
| 0 |
Aspartate: distinct receptors on Aplysia neurons. Aplysia neurons have specific aspartate receptors that are distinct from those to glutamate. In some cells, asparate selectively increases the membrane permeability to chloride, giving rise to a hyperpolarization, while on other cells it increases the permeability to sodium, causing a depolarization. There are also specific receptors for L-glutamate which mediate sodium, chloride, or potassium conductance increases, and another class of receptors activated by both glutamate and aspartate.
|
0bda86d7-a756-4253-b1ad-8bf3aa99e8e2
| 0 |
Reduction in myocardial infarct size: prevention of heart cell death. The course of myocardial necrosis, the clinical syndrome, and methods of treatment are presented. Heart cell death may be prevented by maintaining the balance between myocardial oxygen and energy supply and consumption. New technics of improving this balance by reducing myocardial energy demand, altering metabolism, increasing myocardial substrate supply, and protecting cellular integrity are discussed.
|
d32bbca9-50a4-4f40-adea-70adbc0b5d2a
| 0 |
Hypo-acidity of gastric juice in chronic gastric ulceration caused by neutralisation. Samples of gastric juice were aspirated every 15 minutes from 54 normal subjects and 31 patients with chronic gastric ulcers during a maximal histamine infusion test. The known tendency of patients with gastric ulcers to secrete a less acid gastric juice than that of normal subjects was confirmed.
|
d32bbca9-50a4-4f40-adea-70adbc0b5d2a
| 1 |
However, the hypo-acidity was related to the extent by which the total ionic concentration was less than the isotonic value of 328 mEq/l. On the assumption that such hypo-acidity was produced by the neutralisation of hydrogen ions by bicarbonate ions refluxing into the stomach from the duodenum, the data were corrected and resulted in a normal estimate of the hydrogen ion concentration in the gastric ulcer group.
|
d32bbca9-50a4-4f40-adea-70adbc0b5d2a
| 2 |
Independent corrections, according to the sodium content of refluxed duodenal juice, yielded similar results for the volume of gastric juice aspirated. It is concluded that while back-diffusion can explain the hypo-acidity of gastric juice in patients with gastric ulcers, duodenal reflux can explain both the hypo-acidity and the hypotonicity, and is therefore more likely to be the correct explanation.
|
934306b8-cfc5-4cf6-865e-3838dd1136ae
| 0 |
Antihypertensive therapy with timolol and alpha-methyldopa. A double-blind trial in patients with moderately severe hypertension. After 24 moderately severe hypertensive patients had been treated for 4 weeks with a placebo for timolol, alpha-methyldopa was added and titrated until control of the blood pressure or a total daily dose of 2 500 mg was achieved.
|
934306b8-cfc5-4cf6-865e-3838dd1136ae
| 1 |
At the 9th week, the dose of alpha-methyldopa was halved and either timolol or its placebo was titrated in double-blind fashion. Titration over a period of 4 weeks was followed by a further 5 weeks of stabilisation. In 22 patients whose responses were accepted for analysis, alpha-methyldopa caused a significant lowering of blood pressure, with a greater reduction in the upright posture and a reduction in pulse rate.
|
934306b8-cfc5-4cf6-865e-3838dd1136ae
| 2 |
The addition of timolol caused a highly significant further reduction in pulse rate and a significant reduction in blood pressure in 8 of 10 patients. Apart from a statistically significant increase in serum urea and creatinine with, however, retention of normal renal function, no other side-effects were attributable to timolol.
|
588f503d-b830-42e1-81f1-245f0eaefa9b
| 0 |
Iatrogenic cryptorchidism resulting from hernia repair. Nine children have been examined for iatrogenic cryptorchidism during a four year period. Wound infection and testicular retractility appear to be factors predisposing to this complication. Routine testicular palpation for position at the completion of hernia repair and the use of orchidopexy in selected patients should aid in the prevention of this problem.
|
54d5b9da-a216-496b-be28-22320d64e46b
| 0 |
The effect of antihistamines on experimental posttraumatic edema of the spinal cord. The present experiments were designed to test the effect of antihistamines on the formation of post-traumatic edema of the spinal cord. Ten rhesus monkeys received 600 gm cm injuries to the T10 level of the spinal cord.
|
54d5b9da-a216-496b-be28-22320d64e46b
| 1 |
Five animals received antihistamine treatment and five animals acted as untreated controls. Posttraumatic edema was estimated using radio-active tagged serum albumin. A significant increase in radioactivity of the injured segment was demonstrated in both groups when compared to noninjured issue, but no difference was demonstrated in the radioactivity of the injured segment in the treated versus the nontreated group.
|
b604423a-a31f-4339-b025-b308a0acb5d4
| 0 |
Chemical studies of marine invertebrates. XVI. Structure and absolute configuration of lobosterol, a novel polyoxygenated sterol from the alcyonacean Lobophytum pauciflorum (clelenterata, octocorallia). Lobosterol [(24S)-24-methylcholestane-3beta,4beta,5beta,25-tetrol-6-one 25 monoacetate] has been isolated from the Alcyonacean Lobophytum pauciflorum. The structural elucidation of this novel polyoxygenated sterol was achieved by chemical and spectroscopic evidence, and by X-ray diffraction analysis.
|
a9e0c77e-df92-4b70-9aec-875e816786c1
| 0 |
Irreversible protein binding of norethisterone (norethindrone) epoxide. 14,15-3H-Norethisterone-4 beta, 5 beta-epoxide, a metabolite of norethisterone, was incubated with several proteins and nucleic acids. After 30 min incubation 0.19 nmol of the epoxide were irreversibly bound per mg albumin which contains free sulfhydryl groups;
|
a9e0c77e-df92-4b70-9aec-875e816786c1
| 1 |
proteins without SH-groups, such as concanavalin A, gamma-globulin, DNA and RNA, did not irreversibly bind norethisterone epoxide. A superoxide (O2) generating enzyme system comprised of xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine was capable of catalyzing the irreversible binding of the parent compound, norethisterone, to albumin, indicating that an oxidation product was formed which reacted with the protein.
|
a9e0c77e-df92-4b70-9aec-875e816786c1
| 2 |
When norethisterone epoxide was incubated for 60 min with hepatic microsomes of rats in absence of NADPH, about 2.0 nmol of the epoxide were irreversibly incorporated per mg microsomal protein. This binding was increased to 5.2 nmol by addition of a NADPH regenerating system. Addition of glutathione and cytosol decreased only the NADPH-dependent protein binding;
|
a9e0c77e-df92-4b70-9aec-875e816786c1
| 3 |
phenobarbital pretreatment of rats induced this NADPH-dependent binding of norethisterone epoxide to microsomal protein by a factor of 2. In presence of NADPH, binding of the epoxide to microsomal protein depended on substrate concentration used. The results indicate that norethisterone epoxide is able to chemically react with proteins.
|
a9e0c77e-df92-4b70-9aec-875e816786c1
| 4 |
In addition, hepatic microsomal enzymes convert the epoxide to another metabolite which also can react with proteins.
|
27253374-9101-444e-9e84-3752a7df7628
| 0 |
Hydroxyapatite - a reagent for the separation of free and antibody-bound steroid during the radioimmunoassay. The use of hydroxyapatite to absorb antibody-bound steroid and thus separate free and antibody-bound steroid during radioimmunoassay has been examined using three steroid antisera (to testosterone, to 17-hydroxyprogesterone and to estradiol-17beta).
|
27253374-9101-444e-9e84-3752a7df7628
| 1 |
For all three antisera studied the separation was shown to be independent of length of time in contact with hydroxyapatite (up to 1h); temperature variations from 4 degrees -37 degrees and pH over the range 4.9-8.0. The presence of protein affected the absorption of antibody-bound steroid but this effect could be overcome by the addition of increasing amounts of hydroxyapatite.
|
27253374-9101-444e-9e84-3752a7df7628
| 2 |
Further increase in the amount of hydroxyapatite added had no effect on the separation of free and bound steroid. Sodium phosphate buffers of molarity greater than 0.01M eluted antibody-bount steroid from hydroxyapatite, but Tris-HC1 buffers up to molarities of 0.1 M had no effect. Hydroxyapatite when used as a dry powder had the same effects as suspensions.
|
27253374-9101-444e-9e84-3752a7df7628
| 3 |
No effect on the cross-reactivities of the antisera used could be demonstrated when hydroxyapatite was used and plasma testosterone assays on 22 plasma samples using hydroxyapatite gave essentially the same results as assays on the plasma using a coated-tube assay. Hydroxyapatite can also be successfully pumped along small bore plastic tubing without settling and can thus be used in automated immunoassay systems.
|
5dd745fa-8cfd-49b1-ab0d-b6604cfa8a81
| 0 |
Influence of adrenergic receptor blockade on circulatory and metabolic effects of disordered neurotransmitter function in stroke patients. Cerebral hemispheric blood flow and metabolism were measured before and after therapy with intracarotid infusion of combined PBZ and PPL in 15 patients with recent cerebral infarction. HBF was unaltered despite decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure.
|
5dd745fa-8cfd-49b1-ab0d-b6604cfa8a81
| 1 |
Cerebral hemispheric oxygen comsumption and carbon dioxide production decreased while cerebral hemispheric lactate production increased. Biphasic cerebral uptake of tyrosine was observed during and immediately after PBZ and PPL infusion. CSF HVA increased, indicating altered DA turnover. CSF 5HIAA levels also increased, suggesting altered 5HT turnover after PBZ and PPL.
|
5dd745fa-8cfd-49b1-ab0d-b6604cfa8a81
| 2 |
Release of cyclic AMP from ischemic brain into cerebral venous blood seen in the steady state was abolished after therapy. Cerebral hemodynamic studies suggest a functional balance between monaminergic neurogenic influences in the control of cerebral circulation. Imbalance of such controlling factors in ischemic brain may lead to paradoxical vascular responses to induced hypertension and hypotension.
|
5dd745fa-8cfd-49b1-ab0d-b6604cfa8a81
| 3 |
PBZ and PPL enhance such responses perhaps by increasing central neurotransmitter turnover and release. Further shift toward cerebral anaerobic metabolism may occur in ischemic brain following the use of phenoxybenzamine and propranolol. Worsening of neurological deficit occurred in four cases. Combined therapy with PBZ and PPL does not appear beneficial in the therapy of patients with recent stroke.
|
7fdddd51-69ee-49cd-95a5-f166939cc051
| 0 |
Action of beta-adrenergic blocking agents on the urethral pressure profile. The action of beta-adrenergic blocking agents on the urethral pressure profile was studied. Sotalol, 20 mg, and inderal, 7 mg, were administered intravenously. Whereas the alpha-adrenergic blocking drug phentolamine, as already known, changed the maximum value of the pressure profile with an average decrease of 33%, the beta-adrenergic blocking drugs did not show any action at all. There was no difference between the results obtained with Sotalol and Inderal.
|
5621ebf9-4f93-4016-99a4-0b8dcd4d1970
| 0 |
[Urodynamic measurements in enuretics]. Distal urethral stenosis in girls as well as meatal and bulbar narrowed urethral segments in boys are still subjects of discussion about their pathologic value in the literature. The urodynamic findings in enuretic children by urethral pressure profile and cystometry frequently point to a outflow resistance. Calibration with bougies à boule, urethroscopy and permictional cysturethrography disclose such urethral narrowing. The survey of our own 107 enuritic children shows that urethrotomy has given good results relative to urodynamic data. The effect of methantheline medications consists in suppressing the hyperactivity of the detrusor.
|
93d504b1-3c2e-4035-96a9-d83f8a1abe38
| 0 |
Conservative bladder treatment in myelodysplasia. Differentiation of patients by cystomanometry. Urodynamic evaluation was performed in 75 patients with congenital neuropathic bladder. Concerning treatment the most important parameters were detrusor tone, detrusor activity and bladder outlet resistance. Based on these findings individual conservative therapy was applied. Reflux or dilatation of the upper urinary tract found in 26 children could be controlled by drugs or transurethral operations in 20, urinary diversion had to be done only 4 times.
|
93d504b1-3c2e-4035-96a9-d83f8a1abe38
| 1 |
26 children were selected for intensive treatment of incontinence; in about 50% satisfying urinary control was achieved. These results still need long-term observation. The main interest, however, was to postpone irreversible surgery and to gain time for possible better treatment in the future.
|
30811f19-469d-41f4-a271-f9451a152a74
| 0 |
[Treatment of hypertonus in diabetes mellitus]. When pathophysiological and pathogenetic aspects of hypertension are taken into consideration with special regard to diabetes mellitus the exhaustion of the "insulin enhancement" within the cerebrovisceral functional systems (Baumann) are discussed and the authors enter possible connections of diabetes mellitus to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
|
30811f19-469d-41f4-a271-f9451a152a74
| 1 |
After explanation of the diabetogenic and antidiabetogenic pharmacodynamic qualities of the antihypertensive drugs adequate therapeutic recommendations are proposed summarized in a figure. The authors conclude that for the present antihypertensive therapy in diabetics taking into consideration the references reported on there are sufficient possibilities of treatment for all degrees of severity of hypertension.
|
30811f19-469d-41f4-a271-f9451a152a74
| 2 |
Such preparations as Rausedan, Disotat, Dopegyt appear as particularly suitable; moreover, the beta receptor blockers, Haemiton, Depressan as well as Guanitil and Pargylin prove to be possible or without disadvantage, respectively. Especially when diuretics are described an exact control of the metabolism should be carried out.
|
9f4ebfd1-2640-4bf2-b9e4-2439112eabe9
| 0 |
[The reaction of chorion epitheliums of human placentae to beta-sympathocomimetics (author's transl)]. The enzyme histochemical response of chorionic epithelium after treatment with Dilatel has been examined on 50 placentae of classified eutrophic premature and full-term births. In relation to the degree of damage to trophoblasts at the start of treatment and to dosage the response is mobilisation and further differentiation of Langhans cells and their transformation into mature plasmodium.
|
9f4ebfd1-2640-4bf2-b9e4-2439112eabe9
| 1 |
The relevance of these results for metabolic transport and hormonal synthesis in the feto- maternal metabolic barrier and for the chance of therapeutic effects on insufficiency of the placenta is discussed.
|
f428fe79-6a7c-4a0d-b20f-41ac53506667
| 0 |
[PH-static pectin esterase analysis in sweet cherries (author's transl)]. For the analysis of pectin esterase (PE) activities in sweet cherries some methods, as described in literature, were tested as to their usefulness in this specific range of application. The PE activities in dependence of the methods of extraction, the pH-value and the temperature were examined and a suitable procedure was achieved. With this method the PE activities in deposited sweet cherries were analyzed.
|
ca718a21-f7bd-484e-b79b-b447c679ad5c
| 0 |
[Phospholipase D - a review (author's transl)]. Phospholipase D (phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.4) hydrolyses lecithin into phosphatidic acid and choline. A review is given on the properties of phospholipase D described in the literature; it deals with the occurrence and distribution of phospholipase D in higher plants, with it's pH and temperature, substrate specifity, activators, inhibitors and with occurrence and properties of bacterial phospholipase D.
|
2fe1913c-13ac-4112-bcef-8bc028345d0f
| 0 |
[Differential pharmacotherapy of neurotic conditions (comparative effectiveness of benzodiazepine derivatives)]. The effectiveness in treating borderline states to a certain degree depends upon the pole (sthenic or asthenic) of the corresponding disturbance. Tranquilizers are the preparations of choice in the treatment of disorders of an asthenic pole (psychopathy of the asthenic range, neurotic states).
|
2fe1913c-13ac-4112-bcef-8bc028345d0f
| 1 |
In borderline conditions of a sthenic pole the effectiveness of tranquilizers is equal or sometimes is even less than in therapy with small doses of neuroleptics. In treating neurotic conditions tranquilizers of the benzodiazepine group can be ranged in the following succession: nitrazepam, chlordiazepoxide, medazepam, oxazepam, diazepam, lorazepam.
|
2fe1913c-13ac-4112-bcef-8bc028345d0f
| 2 |
This preparation is a continuun of an increasing psychotropic activity.
|
8f7b8858-f497-4fe1-88a8-84a6698db911
| 0 |
[The relationship between the state of the pulmonary circulation and indices of cerebral gas exchange in patients with acquired heart defects]. The author studied the state of hemeostasis in normals and in patients with acquired heart insufficiency. By means of bloody methods of triple probe samples of the blood inflow and outflow from the brain, and by biochemical methods they also studied 22 normals and 100 patients with acquired heart insufficiency for interrelations between the gas metabolism indices and acid-base equilibrium of the central pulmonary hemodynamics.
|
8f7b8858-f497-4fe1-88a8-84a6698db911
| 1 |
As a results it was established that the brain blood flux in patients with acquired heart insufficiency in different degrees of pulmonary hypertension is adequate to the metabolic requirement of the brain in oxygen and corresponds to identical indices in normals. There was no relation between the state of pulmonary circulation and brain circulation.
|
085d1cff-9e6d-4733-9e75-b773b10743be
| 0 |
Effect of laser irradiation and immunosuppressive treatment on survival of mouse skin allotransplants. The effect of laser beam on the survival of skin allotransplants has been studied. Irradiation of the donor skin and of the recipient graft bed improved the survival of the graft. The graft protecting effect of anti-thymocyte serum was considerably enhanced by laser irradiation.
|
99789c39-6592-43fb-aea8-433f2255e3ca
| 0 |
Anesthesia for cesarean section III: effects of epidural analgesia on the respiratory adaptation of the newborn in elective cesarean section. A rise in fetal Paco2 was observed after elective cesarean section in patients anesthetized both with a barbiturate and with nitrous oxide/oxygen. Epidural analgesia seemed to be a good alternative in order to attain better blood gas values in the newborn infant.
|
99789c39-6592-43fb-aea8-433f2255e3ca
| 1 |
Fourteen healthy mothers and their infants were studied in connection with elective cesarean section. Epidural analgesia with plain bupivacaine 0.75% was used. Doses varied between 90 and 120 mg. The time between the epidural injection and delivery was around 50 min. In six cases the fetal heart rate was registered continuously.
|
99789c39-6592-43fb-aea8-433f2255e3ca
| 2 |
Most of the mothers were sedated with diazepam intravenously or fully anesthetized, after delivery. The mothers were interviewed later. The respiratory adaptation of the infants was studied by blood gas and acid-base measurements in repeated arterial samples during the first 3 hours of life. A comparison was made with a group previously studied, where general anesthesia with a barbiturate, nitrous oxide/oxygen was the method used.
|