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99789c39-6592-43fb-aea8-433f2255e3ca
| 3 |
The present material showed no differences concerning Pao2 and Paco2 but clearly indicated a tendency towards an earlier normalization of the initial metabolic acidosis. Mothers showed a respiratory alkalosis which was overcompensated by the metabolic component. Maternal blood pressure falls were observed in four cases, and fetal effects could be detected.
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99789c39-6592-43fb-aea8-433f2255e3ca
| 4 |
Although epidural analgesia has a more favorable effect upon the newborn's metabolic component, both the compared methods allow good respiratory adaptation provided they are used correctly. Mothers can be given the opportunity to choose between being conscious or asleep when their child is delivered.
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dc6c0655-6058-4889-a050-f01a064d8112
| 0 |
The effect of halothane anaesthesia upon cerebral oxygen consumption in the rat. The influence of halothane (0.6 and 2%) upon cerebral (cortical) blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRo2) was studied in artificially ventilated rats, using a modified technique of Kety &
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dc6c0655-6058-4889-a050-f01a064d8112
| 1 |
Schmidt (1948). The values obtained in halothane anaesthesia were compared to those recorded in nitrous oxide anaesthesia, or to those measured in unanesthetized animals given an analgesic drug (fentanyl citrate). Although it could be confirmed that halothane induces vasodilatation in the brain, there were relatively small differences in CBF between the groups.
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dc6c0655-6058-4889-a050-f01a064d8112
| 2 |
The results demonstrate that, in the rat, halothane depresses CMRo2 in a dose-dependent way. With 0.6% halothane, CMRo2 was reduced by 20-30% and, with 2% halothane, CMRo2 was reduced by about 50%. Thus, in the rat the effect of 2% halothane upon metabolic rate is comparable to that observed in barbiturate anaesthesia.
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cd2c97db-c609-411c-82dd-69dbadb2b6fc
| 0 |
Treatment of comatose patients by mechanical hyperventilation. In case of cranial trauma, early respiratory troubles either of central or peripheral origin often accelerate the deterioration of the neurological situation. The different values of PCO2, PO2, pH and alcaline reserve measured on samples of CSF in comatose patients prove the central acidosis related to metabolic and vascular disorders in the damaged areas.
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cd2c97db-c609-411c-82dd-69dbadb2b6fc
| 1 |
Our results confirm the correlation between the importance of this disturbances and the severity of the trauma. It is thus necessary to insure patients of satisfactory respiration conditions. The tracheobronchial cleansing is applicable to intubated or tracheotomized patients by an instillation of 5ml of simple or bicarbonated physiological serum 4 to 6 times a day, followed by repeated aspirations and associated to a preventive endotracheal instillation of 80 mg of Gentamycin 4 times a day.
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cd2c97db-c609-411c-82dd-69dbadb2b6fc
| 2 |
Moreover we use controlled respiration which does not modify the gazometric parameters in the CSF but which assures patients a normoxia and moderate hypocapnia with a decrease of intracranial hypertension. Treatment by controlled hyperventilation must be precocious, because the recuperation at the level of the damaged zones is very slow.
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909adc4f-7a26-410e-9836-d0f0987f3466
| 0 |
Resistant transitory epilepsy in children. Three case histories are presented which are characterized by progressive, severe symptoms of mental and epileptic nature with EEG abnormalities of increasing severity culminating in "hypsarhythmia". The seizures were resistant to any treatment over a period of several months. Apparently spontaneous cures followed, and the patients remained healthy during follow-up, which ranged from 10 to 12 years. The observations confirm Lennox's remark that a miraculous cure may occasionally be expected in even severe, probably symptomatic, epilepsy. Some exogenous (infectious?) cause is suspected.
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30c425dc-e7c2-40de-b0cb-fea769587f44
| 0 |
A comparison of the cardiovascular effects of enflurane, halothane, methoxyflurane and fluroxene during open cardiac surgery. During open heart surgery hemodynamic changes due to 1.5% enflurane, 0.75% halothane, 0.18% methoxyflurane and 3.4% fluroxene have been compared. The following parameters have been measured: arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, right and left atrial pressure, left ventricular pressure and dp/dt.
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30c425dc-e7c2-40de-b0cb-fea769587f44
| 1 |
The strongest effects were found with enflurane and halothane. Marked reduction in cardiac index, stroke index, left ventricular dp/dt as well as reduction of peripheral resistance caused severe systemic hypotension. Because of its slow uptake methoxyflurane was followed by small hemodynamic changes in this study. The rapid acting fluroxene had caused only minor reductions of cardiac output, stroke volume and dp/dt.
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30c425dc-e7c2-40de-b0cb-fea769587f44
| 2 |
There was no decrease in peripheral resistance.
|
bd73fb93-b5c3-46b6-96bc-cb63d0fa87d8
| 0 |
Long-term hypotensive effect of atenolol (ICI 66.082), a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent. A report is given from an on-going multicenter trial in Sweden, in which 117 hypertensive patients have been treated with a new cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, atenolol (ICI 66.082, Tenormin) for an average of six months (range 2-21). Statistically significant reductions of BP were observed, recumbent by 29/19 mmHg (p less than 0.0001) and standing by 28/18 mmHg (p less than 0.0001). Few and comparatively mild side-effects were seen.
|
7574a6e3-dd2c-4164-8e7e-28c8c0c1817b
| 0 |
Bacteremia after tonsillectomy and adenectomy. 40% of negative hemocultures become positive immediately after tonsillectomies and/or adenectomies. This bacteremia is asymptomatic and remains no longer than one hour.
|
a9108b51-4bd0-427c-b741-bd788df6ea1a
| 0 |
Hemodynamic long-term effects of timolol at rest and during exercise in essential hypertension. Sixteen men with previously untreated essential hypertension in WHO stage I have been studied as out-patients. Oxygen consumption, heart rate (HR), cardiac output (Q) (Cardiogreen) and intraarterial brachial pressure were recorded at rest in supine and sitting position and during steady state work at 300, 600 and 900 kpm/min.
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a9108b51-4bd0-427c-b741-bd788df6ea1a
| 1 |
The subjects were treated with timolol as the sole drug for one year and the hemodynamic study was repeated. BP was reduced approximately 18% at rest and 14% during exercise, HR approximately 26% and the cardiac index 28% at rest supine and 32% at rest sitting.
|
a9108b51-4bd0-427c-b741-bd788df6ea1a
| 2 |
During exercise the reductions in Q were 25-30%. The calculated total peripheral resistance was significantly increased at rest as well as during exercise. The product of mean arterial pressure and HR was reduced about 40%. No severe side-effects were seen.
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6649f2d5-16d8-45bc-8c6f-f5629607418e
| 0 |
[Energy state of the cerebral cortex of the cat during hyperventilation (author's transl)]. Average Po2 and Pco2, local blood flow and pH values in the cerebral cortex of the cat were measured during passive hyperventilation (arterial Pco2 below 19 mm Hg). At defined intervals tissue samples were taken for metabolite analysis.
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6649f2d5-16d8-45bc-8c6f-f5629607418e
| 1 |
The object of the study was to correlate the data obtained on the brain surface with metabolic responses. Immediately after the start of hyperventilation blood flow decreased, average cortical tissue pressures of O2 and CO2 fell, and there was a simultaneous rise in cortical pH. At a later stage in the experiment the local blood supply reverted to its resting level.
|
6649f2d5-16d8-45bc-8c6f-f5629607418e
| 2 |
Despite a fivefold rise in tissue lactate level during hyperventilation and a decrease in local O2 pressure on the brain surface to 5-10 mm Hg the degree of phosphorylation of energy rich phosphates was not less than under normal conditions of oxygenation. Our investigations showed no evidence of energy lack in cerebral cortex cells during hyperventilation.
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6649f2d5-16d8-45bc-8c6f-f5629607418e
| 3 |
Cellular hypoxia and its characteristics are defined. The possible causes of raised tissue lactate levels during hyperventilation despite the lack of evidence of cellular hypoxia are discussed.
|
5bff59d4-16ba-469c-b180-1c400a344ac4
| 0 |
[Postoperative mental blocking in a continuous reaction task. With supplementary results showing the influence of age (author's transl)]. By means of a four colour device for measuring continuous reaction sequences the mental blockings of brain damaged patients in comparison with patients suffering from skin disease were determined.
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5bff59d4-16ba-469c-b180-1c400a344ac4
| 1 |
Differences due to age were also investigated. The analysis of frequency distribution of reaction times (dissection method according to Daeves and Beckel) yielded the following results: a) Brain damaged patients show a higher percentage of blockings (23%) than patients suffering from skin-disease (10%).
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5bff59d4-16ba-469c-b180-1c400a344ac4
| 2 |
"Normal" reaction times as well as "blockings" are not prolonged significantly. b) Older patients show prolonged normal reaction times and prolonged blockings without increase in the percentage of blockings. c) Patients with left hemisphere lesions show longer normal reaction times than those who undergo right hemisphere operations.
|
5bff59d4-16ba-469c-b180-1c400a344ac4
| 3 |
The results are discussed with regard to their significance for theory and practice (road accidents).
|
50ff9fdb-5df1-46c8-9334-d34177e797d7
| 0 |
Immunosuppression by fetal liver as a model for tolerance to self. The embryonic liver chimera system was used as a model to study the development of tolerance to self antigens. It was found that the permanent tolerant state which was induced in (C3H/eb x C57BL/6)F1 irradiated hosts following reconstitution with parental C57BL liver cells could be due to the development of suppressor cells within the liver cell inoculum, which specifically prevent reactivity of immunocompetent cells.
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50ff9fdb-5df1-46c8-9334-d34177e797d7
| 1 |
General suppressor activity could be found in embryonic liver cells at early stages of gestation. However, the differentiation of such cells into specific suppressor of "self" antigens is dependent on the presence of the thymus.
|
9bc0bf7a-c8ca-4ef5-a122-d9ab123b2f05
| 0 |
Suppressor cells in the embryonic thymus mediate allograft tolerance. Thymus cells from non-immunized young chickens suppress the allograft rejection in lightly irradiated syngeneic or allogeneic recipients and mediate longlasting skingraft survival in a significant proportion of recipients across a strong histocompatibility difference. Suppressive activity of this kind is already found in the embryonic thymus and is therefore believed to mediate also self tolerance and neonatal allograft tolerance.
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8743db10-25cb-486c-8842-f48395704086
| 0 |
Internal mammary artery bypass graft in reoperative myocardioal revascularization. Thirty-two consecutive patients who earlier received indirect or direct myocardial revascularization underwent reoperation with one or more internal mammary artery grafts either alone or in combination with saphenous vein grafts. The main indication for reoperation was graft closure or progression of coronary atherosclerosis in nongrafted vessels, or both.
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8743db10-25cb-486c-8842-f48395704086
| 1 |
Graft construction was performed under normothermic perfusion and anoxic arrest with interrupted suture technique. No intraoperative infarctions or hospital deaths occurred. All patients are alive after an average follow-up period of 20 months, and two thirds are asymptomatic. Arteriography after reoperation in nine patients revealed patency of eight of nine internal mammary artery and five of five secondary vein grafts.
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8743db10-25cb-486c-8842-f48395704086
| 2 |
When angiographic and symptomatic indications for reoperation exist, the internal mammary artery bypass graft has become a valuable alternative, particularly for patients with small coronary vessels or previous vein graft failure.
|
a17b720b-be4c-46b3-80d7-e5beae7c45a0
| 0 |
Evaluation of a 5-mum stainless steel filter as an intravenous inline filter or prefilter. The suitability of a 5-mum stainless steel filter as an inline filter or a protective prefilter during simulated i.v. therapy was evaluated using flow rate measurements of two routinely used i.v.
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a17b720b-be4c-46b3-80d7-e5beae7c45a0
| 1 |
fluids and parenteral nutrition fluid. As an inline i.v. filter, the 5-mum stainless steel filter was capable of maintaining suitable flow rates. The addition of antibiotic additives decreased the flow rates slightly but not below the range required for i.v. therapy. Flow rate profiles, however, when compared to a 0.45
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a17b720b-be4c-46b3-80d7-e5beae7c45a0
| 2 |
-mum membrane filter suggest that antibiotic additives contain high numbers of particles in the less than 5-mum range. Consequently many of the particles, especially those in the less than 3-mum range will pass the 5-mum filter. As a protective prefilter, the 5-mum filter device in combination with a 0.45
|
a17b720b-be4c-46b3-80d7-e5beae7c45a0
| 3 |
-mum membrane filter provided more uniform flow rates over longer periods of time when additives were employed. Using the aspiration device as a prefilter for adding antibiotics to the infusion fluid resulted in improved flow rates through a 0.45-mum membrane filter for lactated Ringer's containing cephalothin sodium, while for solutions containing ampicillin or oxytetracycline, prefilteration did not change the flow rate profiles.
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2c365ef5-3ad8-4967-b1ae-be54c9535280
| 0 |
Hyperactive children and the efficacy of psychoactive drugs as a treatment intervention. Characteristics of hyperactive children, including speculation in regard to etiology, are reviewed. Drug effects studies and drug treatment of hyperactive behavior are examined, and unresolved issues are discussed. Conclusions indicate that individual differences in hyperative children should form the basis for treatment planning, rather than simply treating groups of children under the rubric "hyperactivity."
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9faf3836-9417-4fcb-9f34-389b70e406b1
| 0 |
Experiments on the role of virus infections in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. The role of innate or acquired insufficiency or ergotropic adaptation in the mechanism of genesis of bronchial asthma. The wide mosaic of congruent clinical and experimental observations led to the postulation that the cause of the pharmacological abnormality of the asthmatic patient, i.
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9faf3836-9417-4fcb-9f34-389b70e406b1
| 1 |
e. the immensely increased reactivity of the bronchial smooth muscles, is to be sought in an insufficiency of the beta-adrenergic receptor system. It is to be assumed that the so-called asthma diatheses is based inter alia on a genetically determined defect of the adenyl cyclase system.
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9faf3836-9417-4fcb-9f34-389b70e406b1
| 2 |
The role of previous infections of the respiratory tract in asthmagenesis should lie--following this working theory--not in a sensitization in the sense of an allergic reaction of the immediate type, but in the formation of a defective beta-adrenergic substance or in a blockade of the beta-receptor. A genetically determined innate defect of the beta-adrenergic receptors, or a defect acquired through infections of the respiratory tract, is hence likely to be the cause of the pathologically potentiated reactivity of the bronchia.
|
9faf3836-9417-4fcb-9f34-389b70e406b1
| 3 |
It is likely that the infective stimuli--quite apart from this preparatory role--are later capable of triggering asthmatic paroxysms when the vegetative homeostasis is impaired. We know from the experiments of many authors that a blockade of the beta-receptors produced by chemical blocker substances, or by pertussis vaccine or various bacterial substances, results in a significant increase in bronchial reactivity towards histamine, serotonin, acetylcholine and other stimuli.
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9faf3836-9417-4fcb-9f34-389b70e406b1
| 4 |
We have shown in our experiments that heat-inactivated adeno viruses and influenza viruses also increase the anaphylactic shock reactivity and the histamine reactivity of the organism. On the basis of this working hypothesis, the pathomechanism of the asthmatic process is as follows in individual asthma forms: 1) In the 'purely" allergic asthma form, the antigen-antibody reaction that occurs after sensitization (i.
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9faf3836-9417-4fcb-9f34-389b70e406b1
| 5 |
e. formation of skin-sensitizing allergic antibodies of the class IgE) results in re-formation and release of slow-reacting-substances. spasm of the bronchial muscles, asthmatic paroxysm. The expulsion of catecholamines that follows the release of slow-reacting-substances makes a decisive contribution to the reestablishment of the impaired homeostatic balance.
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9faf3836-9417-4fcb-9f34-389b70e406b1
| 6 |
It is to be assumed that this form of asthma both symptomatically and causally--using specific desensitization--can be influenced more easily than other forms of asthma with a more complicated pathogenic background. 2) In the second allergically determined form of asthma, we are confronted by the genetically fixed or acquired insufficiency of the beta-receptors in addition to the immunological mechanism.
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9faf3836-9417-4fcb-9f34-389b70e406b1
| 7 |
As a result of the innate or acquired blockade of the beta-receptive substance, or the relative dominance of the alpha-receptors, the catecholamines (that physiologically serve to maintain homeostasis) contribute to a protraction, intensification and perpetuation of the bronchial obstruction. In this way the asthmatic circulus vitiosus is complete.
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9faf3836-9417-4fcb-9f34-389b70e406b1
| 8 |
..
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34a938a6-b659-4b94-be5e-fc92f8e56282
| 0 |
Ventilatory response to hypercapnia in the larger spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus stellaris. Dogfish were exposed to sudden changes of Pco2 in inspired seawater. During hypercapnia breathing frequency remained constant, but gill ventilation was transiently increased to about 140% of control levels in the 1st h. O2 uptake was significantly increased also, but returned to the initial level before nomalization of gill ventilation.
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34a938a6-b659-4b94-be5e-fc92f8e56282
| 1 |
In contrast to the transient rise in gill ventilation and O2 uptake, arterial Po2 was increased for the whole period of hypercapnia. Hypercapnia results in a marked fall in pHa which returned to the initial value in 4-5 h even though hypercapnia is maintained. This rise in pHa with little change in PaCO2 was associated with an increase in plasma bicarbonate concentration.
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34a938a6-b659-4b94-be5e-fc92f8e56282
| 2 |
The increase of plasma bicarbonate was in part due to compensatory bicarbonate uptake from the seawater across the gills and in part was effected by transfer between intracellular tissue compartments and extracellular spaces. The compensatory bicarbonate exchange mechanism in the gills seems to have a delay both after onset and termination of hypercapnia.
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12097975-577f-445a-a73b-b0bef95c6f09
| 0 |
Does hyperinsulinemia in ob/ob mice cause an insulin-stimulated adipose tissue? After a 1-h preincubation to remove endogenous insulin, adipose tissue of obese mice (C57BL/L4 ob/ob) had a lower rate of glucose metabolism than tissue which was not preincubated. In contrast, preincubation did not change the metabolism of adipose tissue from lean mice (C57B1/6J +/+).
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12097975-577f-445a-a73b-b0bef95c6f09
| 1 |
The preincubation effect was abolished in obese mice which had had their serum insulin levels lowered toward normal by streptozotocin treatment. Injection of anti-insulin serum to obese mice caused adipose tissue removed 15 min after the injection to display a rate of glucose metabolsim lower than that of tissue removed before the injection.
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12097975-577f-445a-a73b-b0bef95c6f09
| 2 |
No such effect was seen in lean mice. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia in the obese mice causes a chronic state of insulin stimulation of their adipose tissue, possibly contributing to their high rates of lipogenesis and their obesity. Several lipogenic enzymes were measured in adipose tissue of both lean and obese mice, and no single enzymatic abnormality was detected which might explain the hyperlipogenesis.
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12097975-577f-445a-a73b-b0bef95c6f09
| 3 |
Pyruvate dehydrogenase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were both insulin-sensitive enzymes in lean and obese mice.
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75b9534e-118a-4d2b-82fe-d65120bb5b31
| 0 |
Importance of pulmonary ventilation in respiratory control in the bullfrog. Pulmonary and cutaneous O2 consumption (Vo2) and CO2 production (Vco2) were measured simultaneously in bullfrogs Rana catesbeiana at 20 degrees C. The lungs were responsible for 77.3-91.0% of the total Vo2 and 28.5-74.9% of the total VCO2.
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75b9534e-118a-4d2b-82fe-d65120bb5b31
| 1 |
The distribution of the total exchange between the lungs and skin depended on metabolic rate; frogs with higher rates relied more heavily on the pulmonary mode for both Vo2 and Vco2. When prevented from ventilating their lungs in an O2-rich environment, bullfrogs developed severe respiratory acidosis, demonstrating the importance of lung exchange in normal acid-base balance.
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75b9534e-118a-4d2b-82fe-d65120bb5b31
| 2 |
When frogs were totally submerged in an O2-saturated medium, skin Vco2 increased linearly to a steady-state value which approximated the preapneic total Vco2. In these same animals, arterial Pco2 increased proportionately to the increase in skin Vco2, indicating that skin diffusion capacity for CO2 was unaffected.
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75b9534e-118a-4d2b-82fe-d65120bb5b31
| 3 |
We conclude that the control of breathing in the bullfrog in response to changes in metabolic rate relies predominantly on changes in lung ventilation while the skin plays a more passive role.
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f7ca5318-3fe4-45a7-a82a-dabaf1593784
| 0 |
Electromyographic response of respiratory muscles during elastic loading. The response of respiratory motor neurons to graded elastic loading was assessed in anesthetized dogs by recording the electromyogram (EMG) from the diaphragm (ED) and the intercostal muscle (EIC). Elastic loads were applied for 1-20 breaths. The effects of changes in PCO2 on respiratory motor neuron output was assessed by applying loads during the course of CO2 rebreathing.
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f7ca5318-3fe4-45a7-a82a-dabaf1593784
| 1 |
On the first loaded breath, ED and EIC increased reflexly due chiefly to prolongation of inspiration. Vagotomy or vagal cooling to block the Hering-Breuer reflex eliminated the increase in ED and diminished the increase in EIC. During the second to fifth breath, the level of EMG activity was disproportionately high for the level of PCO2, suggesting an additional reflex component over and above the reflex activity present on the first loaded breath.
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e492707f-13a5-4645-a3cb-bff492e25eaf
| 0 |
Plasma secretin and gastrin responses to a meat meal and duodenal acidification in dogs. In five conscious dogs with gastric fistula and two duodenal cannulas, plasma RIA secretin and gastrin levels were determined in response to 1) infusion of 0.1 N HCl in the proximal duodenal cannula, 2) ingestion of a meal, and 3) intraduodenal infusion of 0.1
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e492707f-13a5-4645-a3cb-bff492e25eaf
| 1 |
N HCl following ingestion of a meal. Significant increases in plasma RIA secretin levels occurred during duodenal acidification. However, no significant change occurred in the secretin levels after ingestion of a meal, whereas significant increase in plasma gastrin level was observed. Postprandial duodenal pH remained above 4.5 for 3 h.
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aaaf0f44-5c51-4fbe-8d6e-d9e6fc7af703
| 0 |
Intracellular pH of brain: alterations in acute respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. To evaluate the metabolic adaptations of the brain to acute respiratory acid-base disturbances, a method was developed to measure intracellular pH (pHi) in the brain of dogs under conditions in which arterial pH is rapidly altered.
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aaaf0f44-5c51-4fbe-8d6e-d9e6fc7af703
| 1 |
Brain pHi was determined by measuring the distribution of 14C-labeled dimethadione (DMO) in brain relative to cortical CSF. Brain extracellular space (ECS) was evaluated as the 35SO4 = space relative to cortical CSF, and arterial Po2 was maintained at 82-110 mmHg. In normal dogs, brain (cerebral cortex) pHi was 7.05
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aaaf0f44-5c51-4fbe-8d6e-d9e6fc7af703
| 2 |
, and after 1 h of hypercapnia (arterial pH = 7.07) it fell to 6.93. However, after 3 h with arterial Pco2 maintained at 85 mmHg brain pHi was normal (7.06), and during this time brain bicarbonate had risen from 11.3 to 24.4 meq/kg H2O. These changes were not prevented by intravenous doses of acetazolamide,
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4144fcd5-b754-48d7-8df6-da46795ff699
| 0 |
Myocardial CO2 buffering: role of transmembrane transport of H+ or HCO3-ions. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused with rabbit red cells suspended in Ringer solution. A small volume of perfusate was recirculated for 10 min at Pco2 of 33.4 +/- 0.9 or 150.8 +/- 7.5 mmHg.
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4144fcd5-b754-48d7-8df6-da46795ff699
| 1 |
Hypercapnia resulted in an increase in perfusate HCO3- concentration that was smaller than that observed when isolated perfusate was equilibrated in vitro with the same CO2 tensions (delta HCO-3e = 1.6 mM, P less than 0.01). This difference is consistent with a net movement of HCO3- into or H+ out of the mycardial cell, and cannot be accounted for by dilution of HCO3- in the myocardial interstitium.
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4144fcd5-b754-48d7-8df6-da46795ff699
| 2 |
Recirculation of perfusate through the coronary circulation at normal Pco2 for two consecutive 10-min periods was not followed by changes in perfusate HCO3- concentration. A high degree of correlation (r = 0.81) was observed between intracellular HCO-3e concentration and the corresponding delta HCO-3e in individual experiments.
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4144fcd5-b754-48d7-8df6-da46795ff699
| 3 |
The results suggest that transmembrane exchange of H+ or HCO3- is a buffer mechanism for CO2 in the myocardial cell.
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432bd261-b9fc-4334-9271-42bd6311ef28
| 0 |
Cardiovascular effects of cerebroventricular ouabain perfusion in the adult dog. Cerebroventricular perfusion with artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing 10(-5) M ouabain was performed in adult dogs in order to describe the time course of the cardiovascular effect of intraventricular ouabain and to evaluate treatments to eliminate the cardiovascular effect.
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432bd261-b9fc-4334-9271-42bd6311ef28
| 1 |
The central effect of ouabain caused a 56% increase in blood pressure above control values and a 35% increase in heart rate with various cardiac arrhythmias. Both alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking drugs given intravenously.altered the pressure and rate effects ou ouabain, whereas vagotomy attenuated the effect.
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efcfe727-020d-4cf8-8200-f68b2c321ed7
| 0 |
Effect of beta-adrenoreceptor blockade on rat cardiac and skeletal muscle pH. The effect of catecholamines on the intracellular pH of rat cardiac and skeletal muscle during varying extracellular acid-base states was determined. Intracellualr pH (pHi) was calculated from the distribution of [14C]DMO. Acid-base disturbances were produced by placing the animals in an environmental chamber containing 10 or 20% CO2 or by administering HCL or NaHCO3.
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efcfe727-020d-4cf8-8200-f68b2c321ed7
| 1 |
Two hours later the animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and blood and tissue samples obtained. In one series of animals, the effects of catecholamines were attenuated by administering the beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist MJ 1999 (Sotalol). In animals breathing 20% CO2, cardiac muscle pH was lower in beta-blocked than unblocked animals (6.69
|
efcfe727-020d-4cf8-8200-f68b2c321ed7
| 2 |
vs. 6.78). During metabolic acidosis, cardiac muscle pH of beta-blocked animals was lower than that of unblocked animals (6.75 vs. 6.84). The same relationship was observed for skeletal muscle during metabolic acidosis-beta blockade pHi, 6.66; unblocked pHi, 6.77. The pHi of beta-blocked versus unblocked animals was not significantly different under normal acid-base conditions or metabolic alkalosis for cardiac or skeletal muscle.
|
efcfe727-020d-4cf8-8200-f68b2c321ed7
| 3 |
The effective buffer value of both tissue over the normal acidotic range was decreased by the beta-blocking agent. These results indicate that catecholamine release accompanying acidosis attenuates the change in pHI and increases the effective buffer value of cardiac and skeletal muscle.
|
a2da543e-44f0-49c2-ba36-a210c108101c
| 0 |
Biliary secretion in elasmobranchs. I. Bile collection and composition. Bile composition and secretion were studied in tow elasmobranch species, Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish shark) and Raja erinacea (small skate), after ligation of the common duct and insertion of cannulas into the gallbladder lumen. Fish were then allowed to swim freely in large pools and bile was collected in balloons attached to the externalized cannulas.
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a2da543e-44f0-49c2-ba36-a210c108101c
| 1 |
Both species secreted bile for periods of 4-7 days at a maximum rate of 1.77 +/- .89 ml/kg per 24 h in Squalus acanthias and 2.66 +/- .89 ml/kg per 24 h in Raja erinacea. Comparison of the composition of cannula and gallbladder bile indicated that hepatic bile could be collected by this technique in both species without effective contact with gallbladder epithelium.
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a2da543e-44f0-49c2-ba36-a210c108101c
| 2 |
The low concentrations of HCO3- and CL- and the gigh bile salt levels in dogfish gallbladder bile indicate that mechanisms for concentration and acidification of bile in the gallbladder developed early in vertebrate evolution. These results indicate that gallbladder cannulation in free-swimming elasmobranchs is a useful technique for the study of bile secretory and excretory function in marine species.
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3c979f02-4c74-416f-b319-e240318324b8
| 0 |
Film screening by physician assistants in diagnostic radiology. Data are presented which indicate that specially selected ART students can be trained to evaluate radiographs as to the presence or absence of significant pathology with an accuracy equivalent to that of experienced staff radiologists. The methods employed in this training program-namely, stressing perceptual recognition of normal and abnormal findings-may be beneficial in the early months of training of diagnostic radiology residents to hasten achievement of an acceptable perceptual performance.
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3c979f02-4c74-416f-b319-e240318324b8
| 1 |
Test films, used in this study as an evaluation technique, may also be useful to assess residents' progress.
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c45ad52f-8fe5-4d81-9f17-0ac5add08470
| 0 |
Use of physician's assistants in a general surgical practice. A study has been made of three PAS employed in a rural, small town, general surgical practice during a four year period. Their work was equally divided among three areas: minor trauma, obtaining and recording data for history and physical examinations, and assisting at routine surgical procedures and endoscopies. This resulted in a significant saving of time for each surgeon who was thus freed for more time in the care of the more critically ill or injured patients.
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c3c8e880-f785-4cc4-8375-bd6bffef1e30
| 0 |
[The influence of PaCO2 on oxygen consumption during extracorporeal circulation in hypothermia (author's transl)]. Hypocapnia during extracorporeal circulation in hypothermia increases oxygen consumption. Po2 in mixed venous blood decreases. This probably reflects a decrease in tissue oxygen tension. Hyperventilation will therefore increase the risk of hypoxia in critically perfused tissues. Therefore we recommend to keep PaCO2 (T) constant at 40 mm Hg during hypothermia.
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87d441b9-4ecc-423c-a700-eb8d4593053f
| 0 |
[Clinical studies on the use of ketalar in obstetric anesthesia (author's transl)]. 26 healthy pregnant women at term were divided into 2 groups and anaesthetized with either 1 mg/kh or 2 mg/kg ketamine - N20/02 - for primary caesarean section. Maternal venous ketamine plasma levels, neonatal ketamine plasma levels (umbilical artery and umbilical vein) and blood gases were measured.
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87d441b9-4ecc-423c-a700-eb8d4593053f
| 1 |
Maternal venous ketamine plasma levels in group I exceeded those in group II by 2.8 (30-60 sec after injection) and 2.0 (at the time of delivery) respectively. Independent of the dose used, the plasma levels of ketamine in the umbilical artery or the umbilical vein were found to be identical in the two groups of newborn infants.
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87d441b9-4ecc-423c-a700-eb8d4593053f
| 2 |
Neonatal blood gases and acid base parameters did not significantly differ between the two groups, except for the oxygen tension in group II which slightly exceeded the PO2 values in group I 15, 60 and 120 min after delivery. pH and standard bicarbonate values were found to be higher (1 and 5 min) in both groups, compared to pH and standard bicarbonate levels in a group of newborns delivered spontaneously.
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87d441b9-4ecc-423c-a700-eb8d4593053f
| 3 |
--The results of this study show: 1. Independent of a low or high ketamine dosage, neonatal blood concentration of the drug remain low, probably due to a placental barrier effect.--2. The post partum recovery of the newborns was neither influenced by the ketamine anesthesia itself nor by different drug doses.
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ee7c4da0-e4ca-4a2e-93df-b28b89b22086
| 0 |
Effect of abdominal compression on minute ventilation of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and bronchial asthma. The effects of manual compression of the upper lateral abdomen (C) of 73 cases of obstructive airway disease were studied in respect to the change in minute ventilation (V) 10 minutes after the procedure was performed.
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ee7c4da0-e4ca-4a2e-93df-b28b89b22086
| 1 |
A mean decrease of 13% in V was found in the majority of 15 cases of bronchial asthma or chronic bronchitis and 43 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. The use of manual compression as a therapeutic measure depends largely on the abrupt reduction of lung volume in cases of obstructive airway disease in which over-inflation of the lung is present as an acute or chronic disorder.
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ee7c4da0-e4ca-4a2e-93df-b28b89b22086
| 2 |
The degree and duration of clinical benefit, i.e., relief of dyspnea, depends on such factors as the volume of air trapped in the lungs, broncho-constriction through pathologic change or bronchospasm and impairment of elastic recoil of the pulmonary parenchyma. The lowered V recorded 10 minutes after C is performed suggests that decrease in dyspnea is associated with enhanced efficiency of ventilation in some subjects with obstructive airway disease, including those with bronchial asthma as well as COLD.
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ee7c4da0-e4ca-4a2e-93df-b28b89b22086
| 3 |
A brief description is presented of 10 patients with COLD in whom manual compression and other features of a rehabilitation program were employed. Mean length of life of five living subjects is 12.6 years after beginning of therapy. The mean length of life of five who died was 10.2
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ee7c4da0-e4ca-4a2e-93df-b28b89b22086
| 4 |
years after beginning of treatment.
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43427be9-fce7-4c3c-a29b-db5eb61ab64c
| 0 |
[Accidental peroperative hypothermia during rapid transfusion]. Six cases of grave hypothermias are reported, having arisen during surgical interventions which necessitated a rapid and abundant transfusion of badly warmed blood. The role of favouring factors, surrounding cold due to the air-conditioning, anaesthesia, extent of the area of operation, seems important.
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43427be9-fce7-4c3c-a29b-db5eb61ab64c
| 1 |
The symptomatology permits the individualization of a hypothermic syndrom neighbouring the picture described in toxic accidental hypothermias. Accidents during the warming process associate collapse and disturbances in coagulation. It is therefore necessary to consider certain signs of alarm as important and generalize the conditions for prevention of thermolysis in the operating theatre.
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ae9d2540-73eb-4b48-9abf-ba41bdc4ea65
| 0 |
[Information science in intensive care medicine. Examples of the European approach]. The modern treatment of patients in a precarious state requires the use of technical appliances which become more complex and more numerous day by day. The data generated by these appliances, together with the conventional measurements of physiological parameters carried out by the nursing ataff during care, with the results of laboratory examinations and with medical physical examinations, represent a raw material of information which tends to increase each year.
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ae9d2540-73eb-4b48-9abf-ba41bdc4ea65
| 1 |
The repetitive and hand-written consigning of these data, likewise their traditional laborious consultation, no longer guarantees today the taking of rapid decisions concerning the patients. Now, this rapid decision-making is at the centre of the functioning of present-day intensive medicine, of the surveillance and optimal treatment of the patients, of the functional organization of the intensive care unit, and of the "economic" efficiency of the exploitation.
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ae9d2540-73eb-4b48-9abf-ba41bdc4ea65
| 2 |
It seems locigal, therefore, to wish to avail of the resources provided by information science to resolve these problems. The United States, Japan and certain European countries have done so. Our purpose is to give some examples of the European approach.
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078e5e4b-f372-478a-a64e-a7de171729d7
| 0 |
[Iskedyl and general anesthesia. Measurement of the systolic ejection volume and peripheral resistance using the arterial pressure curves]. ISKEDYL (PF 50), which is sold as a vasoregulator of cerebral irrigation, consists of a mixture of dihydroergocristine and raubasine. This work aims at determining possible interactions between this product and certain drugs used in anesthesia from the cardiovascular point of view.
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078e5e4b-f372-478a-a64e-a7de171729d7
| 1 |
ISKEDYL does not seem to be a contraindication to anesthesia of the "neuroleptic" type, when injected in pre-, per- or post-operative period. A slight temporary and spontaneously reversible fall in arterial blood pressure, affecting both maximum and minimum pressure, together with a decrease in stroke volume and peripheral resistances, estimated by the study of the arterial blood pressure curve, seem to indicate that this product has peripheral vaso-dilatory properties.
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b4229946-b1c1-4938-83ac-83ac6775dd5b
| 0 |
[Continuous peridural anesthesia in traumatological and reparative surgery of the lower extremities]. The authors give an account of their experience of peridural anaesthesia in 250 cases at the Centre for traumatological and reparative surgery. They demonstrate the advantages derived from this type of anaesthesia: in elderly subjects manifesting an organic defect, and in emergency cases with "full stomach".
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5d6596e2-248c-40f8-86ed-7c282c8f3be2
| 0 |
[Disorders of body temperature regulation. 1. Physiopathological study]. In this work, disorders of thermo-regulation are first studied in a synthetic manner from the angle of cellular and haemodynamic disturbances. Then the particular physiopathological aspects concerning hypothermia and hyperthermia are looked at in succession. In his next work, the author will view the clinical and therapeutic study of these phenomena. Extensive bibliography.
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d0b5d0eb-4e83-4416-8c2b-2dc3978b9071
| 0 |
[Physico-chemical characteristics, absorption and elimination kinetics and technics of use of enflurane]. Physical-chemical properties, uptake und elemination of enflurane are described with particular references to halothane. The ratio potency/vapor pressure, the blood and tissues solubility of this agent provide a good flexibility of uptake and elemination in response to changes in alveolar ventilation. When used with nitrous oxide, the enflurane may provide good clinical results at inspired concentration 1-2 p. 100.
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86789f69-969a-409a-bc9a-db49fa8d1138
| 0 |
[Impact of alfatesine anesthesia on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in man]. The variations in pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid was studied in 20 patients before and after induction of anesthesia with alfatesine (0.1 ml/Kg). 14 patients received no other complementary drug (group 1); in the six other cases, 1 g.
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