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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature%20Chemical%20Biology
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Nature Chemical Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio. It was established in June 2005 by founding Chief Editor Terry L. Sheppard as part of Nature Publishing Group. Sheppard was the Chief Editor of the journal 2004–2022. The current editor-in-chief is Russell Johnson.
Aims and scope
The publishing focus of Nature Chemical Biology is a forum for original research and commentary in chemical biology. Published topics encompass concepts and research methods in chemistry, biology, and related disciplines with the result of controlling biological systems at the molecular level. Authors (contributors) are chemical biologists, also chemists involved in interdisciplinary research between chemistry and biology, along with biologists who produce research results in understanding and controlling biological processes at the molecular level.
Interdisciplinary research in chemistry and biology is emphasized. The journal's main focus in this area is fundamental research which illuminates available chemical and biological tools, as well as mechanisms underpinning biological processes. Also included are studies articulating applications at the molecular level when combining these two disciplines. Emphasis is also given to innovations in methods and theory produced from cross-disciplinary studies.
The readership for Nature Chemical Biology, which also functions as a forum, are researchers in the chemical and life sciences. Besides original re
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OELib
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OELib was an Open Source Cheminformatics library. Its actual GPLed C++ and Java successors are OpenBabel and JOELib. Its commercial successor is called OEChem.
See also
JOELib
OpenBabel
External links
Archived copy of OELib in 2008 on Internet Archive.
Design flaws in OELib
Free science software
Chemistry software for Linux
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphyonidae
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Aphyonidae is a family of eel-like fishes in the order Ophidiiformes. They are found in tropical and subtropical waters throughout the world. They are deep-sea fishes, living between and depth.
Description and biology
Aphyonids are small fishes, typically about long when fully grown. They have transparent, gelatinous skin, which lacks any scales. The dorsal, caudal and anal fins are united into a single ribbon. Most species are neotenic, showing a number of features as adults that are more commonly associated with fish larvae. For example, the skeleton is only partially calcified, and the muscles and gills are underdeveloped. The eyes, nasal organ and lateral line are also reduced, and they lack a swim bladder.
The aphyonids are viviparous, giving birth to live young. The males bundle their sperm into small sacs (spermatophores), so that they can be stored for extended periods. This allows them to mate with immature females, which can then store the sperm inside the ovaries until they reach sexual maturity, and the eggs are ready to be fertilised. This unusual adaptation is likely a response to the difficulty of finding a mate in their dark and sparsely inhabited deep-sea environment.
References
Taxa named by David Starr Jordan
Taxa named by Barton Warren Evermann
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcom
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Microcom, Inc., was a major modem vendor during the 1980s, although never as popular as the "big three", Hayes, U.S. Robotics (USR) and Telebit. Nevertheless, Microcom holds an important place in modem history for introducing the MNP error-correction and compression protocols, which were widely used under license by most modem manufacturers in the 1990s.
The company went public in 1987. Compaq purchased publicly outstanding shares of the company in 1997.
History and products
Microcom was founded in 1980 by James M. Dow from Data General.
In the mid-1980s several companies introduced new modems with various "high-speed" features in order to differentiate themselves from the growing legion of Hayes 1200 bit/s clones that were flooding into the market. Developing such a protocol was not all that easy, and generally required a fairly powerful and expensive microcontroller to handle the modulation. For companies with limited resources, entering this market was difficult.
Microcom took another approach, addressing the feature gap not through higher speeds, but through additional software capabilities. They developed a series of protocols, known collectively as Microcom Networking Protocol (MNP), that implemented simple packet-based file transfer protocols suitable for implementation on very simple microcontrollers. The differences were primarily in how difficult the protocol was to implement, with MNP 1 being extremely simple allowing it to be implemented on many existing mo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aza-crown%20ether
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In organic chemistry, an aza-crown ether is an aza analogue of a crown ether (cyclic polyether). That is, it has a nitrogen atom (amine linkage, or ) in place of each oxygen atom (ether linkage, ) around the ring. While the parent crown ethers have the formulae , the parent aza-crown ethers have the formulae , where n = 3, 4, 5, 6. Well-studied aza crowns include triazacyclononane (n = 3), cyclen (n = 4), and hexaaza-18-crown-6 (n = 6).
Synthesis
The synthesis of aza crown ethers are subject to the challenges associated with the preparation of macrocycles. The 18-membered ring in (CH2CH2NH)6 can be synthesized by combining two triamine components. By reaction with tosyl chloride, diethylene triamine is converted to a derivative with two secondary sulfonamides. This compound serves as a building block for macrocyclizations.
Variants
Many kinds of aza crown ethers exist.
Variable length linkers
Aza crowns often feature trimethylene ((CH2)3) as well as ethylene ((CH2)2) linkages. One example is cyclam (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane).
Tertiary amines
In many aza-crown ethers some or all of the amines are tertiary. One example is the tri(tertiary amine) (CH2CH2NCH3)3, known as trimethyltriazacyclononane. Cryptands, three-dimensional aza crowns, feature tertiary amines.
Mixed ether-amine ligands
Another large class of macrocyclic ligands feature both ether and amines.. One example is the diaza-18-crown-6, [(CH2CH2O)2(CH2CH2NH)]2.
Lariate crowns
The presence of the am
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20tension
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In physics, magnetic tension is a restoring force with units of force density that acts to straighten bent magnetic field lines. In SI units, the force density exerted perpendicular to a magnetic field can be expressed as
where is the vacuum permeability.
Magnetic tension forces also rely on vector current densities and their interaction with the magnetic field. Plotting magnetic tension along adjacent field lines can give a picture as to their divergence and convergence with respect to each other as well as current densities.
Magnetic tension is analogous to the restoring force of rubber bands.
Mathematical statement
In ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) the magnetic tension force in an electrically conducting fluid with a bulk plasma velocity field , current density , mass density , magnetic field , and plasma pressure can be derived from the Cauchy momentum equation:
where the first term on the right hand side represents the Lorentz force and the second term represents pressure gradient forces. The Lorentz force can be expanded using Ampère's law, , and the vector identity
to give
where the first term on the right hand side is the magnetic tension and the second term is the magnetic pressure force.
The force due to changes in the magnitude of and its direction can be separated by writing with and a unit vector:
where the spatial constancy of the magnitude has been assumed and
has magnitude equal to the curvature, or the reciprocal of the radius of curvatu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%27s%20matrix
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In mathematics, and in particular ordinary differential equations, a Green's matrix helps to determine a particular solution to a first-order inhomogeneous linear system of ODEs. The concept is named after George Green.
For instance, consider where is a vector and is an matrix function of , which is continuous for , where is some interval.
Now let be linearly independent solutions to the homogeneous equation and arrange them in columns to form a fundamental matrix:
Now is an matrix solution of .
This fundamental matrix will provide the homogeneous solution, and if added to a particular solution will give the general solution to the inhomogeneous equation.
Let be the general solution. Now,
This implies or where is an arbitrary constant vector.
Now the general solution is
The first term is the homogeneous solution and the second term is the particular solution.
Now define the Green's matrix
The particular solution can now be written
External links
An example of solving an inhomogeneous system of linear ODEs and finding a Green's matrix from www.exampleproblems.com.
Ordinary differential equations
Matrices
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite%20group
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In group theory, an area of mathematics, an infinite group is a group whose underlying set contains an infinite number of elements. In other words, it is a group of infinite order.
Examples
(Z, +), the group of integers with addition is infinite
Non-discrete Lie groups are infinite. For example, (R, +), the group of real numbers with addition is an infinite group
The general linear group of order n > 0 over an infinite field is infinite
See also
Finite group
Infinite group theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest%20increasing%20subsequence
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In computer science, the longest increasing subsequence problem aims to find a subsequence of a given sequence in which the subsequence's elements are sorted in an ascending order and in which the subsequence is as long as possible. This subsequence is not necessarily contiguous or unique. The longest increasing subsequences are studied in the context of various disciplines related to mathematics, including algorithmics, random matrix theory, representation theory, and physics. The longest increasing subsequence problem is solvable in time where denotes the length of the input sequence.
Example
In the first 16 terms of the binary Van der Corput sequence
0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15
one of the longest increasing subsequences is
0, 2, 6, 9, 11, 15.
This subsequence has length six; the input sequence has no seven-member increasing subsequences. The longest increasing subsequence in this example is not the only solution: for instance,
0, 4, 6, 9, 11, 15
0, 2, 6, 9, 13, 15
0, 4, 6, 9, 13, 15
are other increasing subsequences of equal length in the same input sequence.
Relations to other algorithmic problems
The longest increasing subsequence problem is closely related to the longest common subsequence problem, which has a quadratic time dynamic programming solution: the longest increasing subsequence of a sequence is the longest common subsequence of and where is the result of sorting However, for the special case in which the input is a permutatio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map%20coloring
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In cartography, map coloring is the act of choosing colors as a form of map symbol to be used on a map. In mathematics, map coloring is the act of assigning colors to features of a map such that no two adjacent features have the same color using the minimum number of colors.
Cartography
Color is a very useful attribute to depict different features on a map. Typical uses of color include displaying different political divisions, different elevations, or different kinds of roads. A choropleth map is a thematic map in which areas are colored differently to show the measurement of a statistical variable being displayed on the map. The choropleth map provides an easy way to visualize how a measurement varies across a geographic area or it shows the level of variability within a region. In addition to choropleth maps, a cartographer should strive to depict colors effectively on any kind of map.
Displaying the data in different hues can greatly affect the understanding or feel of the map. In many cultures, certain colors have connotations. These connotations lie under a field of study called color symbolism. For example, coloring a certain nation a color that has a negative connotation in their culture could be counterproductive. Likewise, using assumed skin colors to show racial or ethnic patterns will likely cause offense. It is not possible to always predict the color connotations of every map reader or to avoid negative connotations, but it is helpful to be aware of common c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic%20multiplier
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In mathematics, and particularly ordinary differential equations, a characteristic multiplier is an eigenvalue of a monodromy matrix. The logarithm of a characteristic multiplier is also known as characteristic exponent. They appear in Floquet theory of periodic differential operators and in the Frobenius method.
See also
Multiplier (disambiguation)
References
External links
Examples of finding characteristic multipliers of systems of ODEs from www.exampleproblems.com.
Ordinary differential equations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monodromy%20matrix
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In mathematics, and particularly ordinary differential equations (ODEs), a monodromy matrix is the fundamental matrix of a system of ODEs evaluated at the period of the coefficients of the system. It is used for the analysis of periodic solutions of ODEs in Floquet theory.
See also
Floquet theory
Monodromy
Riemann–Hilbert problem
References
Ordinary differential equations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20Ruckle
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Ernest Ruckle (May 1, 1940 - May 2018) was an American artist noted for his elaborately structured paintings.
Life and work
He was born in Neptune, New Jersey, US. Ruckle attended elementary schools in Florida and Georgia, and high school in New Jersey. At Rutgers University, he at first majored in biology, but later switched to English literature and specialized in literary criticism. His most influential teachers were Francis Fergusson and Paul Fussell.
After getting his degree, he became a professional artist in 1963. He soon started to produce paintings in formal perspective with huge crowds of people and parodies of complex machinery. His first one-man show was at the Studio Gallery Workshop in New York City in 1966. (His tenth New York one-man show was in 2005 at the Louis K. Meisel Gallery.)
Between 1966 and 1969, Ruckle developed an original flat style influenced by Cubism and Futurism with an unusual perspective system, perhaps influenced by Persian miniatures. Beginning around 1975 he began to use more than one style in a work and to use variation in style as a structural device.
He died in May 2018 in Waterford, Ireland.
Notable works
The People Factory (1965) is an early example of Ruckle's work using conventional perspective.
Watch-Fleas (1966) is an early experiment with a flat style.
The Cosmogenitor (1975) is a triptych using a different style in each panel.
The Square (1983) is the first of a series of large triptychs. It's a return to conventional pers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin%27ichi%20Ishiwata
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is a Japanese scientist, a professor at Waseda University department of science and engineering physics course. His specialty is biophysics, particularly the mechanism of muscles and motor proteins.
Since spectroscopic techniques for studying proteins yielded only averaged characteristics of an ensemble of proteins, he constructed his own research method. He focused on his long-held interest in striated muscle— “how a beautiful structure is self-organized, and how it is related to force-generating function.”
Then he tackled the reconstitution of the structure and function of the thin (actin) filaments in striated muscle, especially cardiac muscle, then to defining the mechanism of Spontaneous Oscillatory Contraction (SPOC) of striated muscle that occurs at intermediate activation conditions between full activation and relaxation. It was an important breakthrough regarding a phenomenon that had been “almost completely ignored,” he says.
Ishiwata's research interests go beyond the mechanical and physiological import of SPOC to bio-motile systems focusing on the structural and functional hierarchy from single molecules (myosin, kinesin, actin) to macromolecular assemblies (myofibrils, meiotic spindle and cells (cardiac, HeLa, etc.). He expects that the multiplex network of Chemo-Mechanical Feedback (CMF) loops exist over various hierarchical levels. He proposes that the heart is a typical organ in which nano and macro, i.e., mechano-chemical functions of molecular motors and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulmarine%20petrel
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The fulmarine petrels or fulmar-petrels are a distinct group of petrels within the family Procellariidae. They are the most variable of the four groups within the Procellariidae, differing greatly in size and biology. They do, however, have a unifying feature, their skull, and in particular their nasal tubes. They are predominantly found in the Southern Ocean with one species, the northern fulmar, ranging in the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
Fossils of fulmarine petrels dating back to the Upper Miocene have been found in Menorca.
Species
Northern giant petrel, Macronectes halli
Southern giant petrel, Macronectes giganteus
Northern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis
Southern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialoides
Antarctic petrel, Thalassoica antarctica
Cape petrel, Daption capense
Snow petrel, Pagodroma nivea
Procellariidae
Seabirds
Bird common names
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz%20Medal
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Lorentz Medal is a distinction awarded every four years by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. It was established in 1925 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the doctorate of Hendrik Lorentz. The medal is given for important contributions to theoretical physics, though in the past there have been some experimentalists among its recipients.
The first winner, Max Planck, was personally selected by Lorentz. Eleven of the 23 award winners later received a Nobel Prize. The Lorentz medal is ranked fifth in a list of most prestigious international academic awards in physics.
Recipients
See also
List of physics awards
References
External links
Official Lorentz Medal site at the Royal Academy
Lorentz Medal site at the Institute Lorentz
Physics awards
Dutch honorary society awards
Science and technology in the Netherlands
Hendrik Lorentz
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakatos
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Lakatos () is a Hungarian surname (meaning locksmith), and may refer to:
Brent Lakatos (born 1980), Canadian athlete
Géza Lakatos, a Hungarian general during World War II; briefly served as Prime Minister of Hungary
Imre Lakatos, a philosopher of mathematics and science
Imre Schlosser-Lakatos, Hungarian footballer
Josh Lakatos (born 1973), American target shooter
Menyhért Lakatos Hungarian Romani writer
Pál Lakatos, Hungarian boxer
Roby Lakatos, a Romani violinist from Hungary
Hungarian-language surnames
Occupational surnames
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan%20Isgur
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Nathan Isgur (May 25, 1947 – July 24, 2001) was a theoretical physicist from the U.S. and Canada.
Education
Isgur was born in South Houston, Texas and finished high school at South Houston High School. He was a scholarship student at Caltech. where his initial interest was in biology, but he moved toward physics and graduated with a B.Sc degree in 1968. Isgur began work on his doctorate at the University of California, Berkeley, but received his draft notice during his first year there. Denied a draft deferment to continue his education at Berkeley he went to Toronto in order to pursue his graduate studies and to avoid serving in a war he disagreed with on moral and political grounds. Isgur received a letter of introduction from Nobel Laureate Owen Chamberlain at Berkeley, to R.E. Pugh, at the University of Toronto, who took him on as a graduate student. Isgur received a Ph.D. degree in particle theory from Toronto in 1974.
War draft
Isgur eventually became a Canadian citizen due to his inability to travel, having been unable to renew his U.S. passport due to his draft status, and because of his position as a war resister. This situation continued to inhibit his ability to travel to the United States until President Jimmy Carter issued a blanket amnesty for all draft resisters.
Work
After completion of his doctorate, Isgur was granted a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Fellowship, which allowed him to stay at Toronto as a post-doctoral candidate. He was h
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/182%20%28number%29
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182 (one hundred [and] eighty-two) is the natural number following 181 and preceding 183.
In mathematics
182 is an even number
182 is a composite number, as it is a positive integer with a positive divisor other than one or itself
182 is a deficient number, as the sum of its proper divisors, 154, is less than 182
182 is a member of the Mian–Chowla sequence: 1, 2, 4, 8, 13, 21, 31, 45, 66, 81, 97, 123, 148, 182
182 is a nontotient number, as there is no integer with exactly 182 coprimes below it
182 is an odious number
182 is a pronic number, oblong number or heteromecic number, a number which is the product of two consecutive integers (13 × 14)
182 is a repdigit in the D'ni numeral system (77), and in base 9 (222)
182 is a sphenic number, the product of three prime factors
182 is a square-free number
182 is an Ulam number
Divisors of 182: 1, 2, 7, 13, 14, 26, 91, 182
In astronomy
182 Elsa is a S-type main belt asteroid
OGLE-TR-182 is a star in the constellation Carina
In the military
JDS Ise (DDH-182), a Hyūga-class helicopter destroyer of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
The United States Air Force 182d Airlift Wing unit at Greater Peoria Regional Airport, Peoria, Illinois
was a United States Navy troop transport during World War II
was a United States Navy yacht during World War I
was a United States Navy Alamosa-class cargo ship during World War II
was a United States Navy during World War II
was a United States Navy during World War I
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Cayrel
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Roger Victor Émile Cayrel (4 December 1925 – 11 January 2021) was a French astronomer. His main interests were stellar atmospheres, galactic chemical evolution and metal-poor stars.
Biography
Born in Bordeaux, France, he attended the Lycée Michel-Montaigne in Bordeaux and studied physics at the École normale supérieure and the Faculté des sciences de Paris.
Beside his scientific work, he had a number of high-ranking posts in the management of science: director of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT, 1974–1980), president of the IAU commission on stellar atmospheres (1973–1976) and head of the Bureau des Longitudes (1995–1996).
Cayrel was a corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences from 1988 to 2021. He was awarded the Prix Jules Janssen of the Société astronomique de France (Astronomical Society of France), in 2001.
Cayrel and his colleagues discovered thorium and uranium in the ultra-metal-poor halo star BPS CS31082-0001, which was named Cayrel's Star to honour him. From the thorium and uranium content, an age of 12.5 Billion years could be calculated.
Since 1954, he was married to the Italian astronomer Giusa de Strobel.
References
Sources
Cayrel, R.; Hill, V.; Beers, T. C.; Barbuy, B.; Spite, M.; Spite, F.; Plez, B.; Andersen, J.; Bonifacio, P.; François, P.; Molaro, P.; Nordström, B.; Primas, F., Measurement of stellar age from uranium decay, Nature, Volume 409, Issue 6821, pp. 691–692 (2001)
Jugaku, Jun. "The Publications And Citations Of Giusa An
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20treeing
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In electrical engineering, treeing is an electrical pre-breakdown phenomenon in solid insulation. It is a damaging process due to partial discharges and progresses through the stressed dielectric insulation, in a path resembling the branches of a tree. Treeing of solid high-voltage cable insulation is a common breakdown mechanism and source of electrical faults in underground power cables.
Other occurrences and causes
Electrical treeing first occurs and propagates when a dry dielectric material is subjected to high and divergent electrical field stress over a long period of time. Electrical treeing is observed to originate at points where impurities, gas voids, mechanical defects, or conducting projections cause excessive electrical field stress within small regions of the dielectric. This can ionize gases within voids inside the bulk dielectric, creating small electrical discharges between the walls of the void. An impurity or defect may even result in the partial breakdown of the solid dielectric itself. Ultraviolet light and ozone from these partial discharges (PD) then react with the nearby dielectric, decomposing and further degrading its insulating capability. Gases are often liberated as the dielectric degrades, creating new voids and cracks. These defects further weaken the dielectric strength of the material, enhance the electrical stress, and accelerate the PD process.
Water trees and electrical trees
In the presence of water, a diffuse, partially conductive 3D p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20J.%20Freyd
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Peter John Freyd (; born February 5, 1936) is an American mathematician, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, known for work in category theory and for founding the False Memory Syndrome Foundation.
Mathematics
Freyd obtained his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1960; his dissertation, on Functor Theory, was written under the supervision of Norman Steenrod and David Buchsbaum.
Freyd is best known for his adjoint functor theorem. He was the author of the foundational book Abelian Categories: An Introduction to the Theory of Functors (1964). This work culminates in a proof of the Freyd–Mitchell embedding theorem.
In addition, Freyd's name is associated with the HOMFLYPT polynomial of knot theory, and he and Andre Scedrov originated the concept of (mathematical) allegories.
In 2012, he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
False Memory Syndrome Foundation
Freyd and his wife Pamela founded the False Memory Syndrome Foundation in 1992, after Freyd was accused of sexual abuse by his daughter Jennifer. Peter Freyd denied the accusations. Three years after its founding, it had more than 7,500 members. As of December 2019, the False Memory Syndrome Foundation was dissolved.
Publications
Reprinted with a forward as
Peter J. Freyd and Andre Scedrov: Categories, Allegories. North-Holland (1999). .
References
External links
Printable versions of Abelian categories, an introduction to the theory of functors.
Living people
20th-century Americ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holomorphic%20separability
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In mathematics in complex analysis, the concept of holomorphic separability is a measure of the richness of the set of holomorphic functions on a complex manifold or complex-analytic space.
Formal definition
A complex manifold or complex space is said to be holomorphically separable, if whenever x ≠ y are two points in , there exists a holomorphic function , such that f(x) ≠ f(y).
Often one says the holomorphic functions separate points.
Usage and examples
All complex manifolds that can be mapped injectively into some are holomorphically separable, in particular, all domains in and all Stein manifolds.
A holomorphically separable complex manifold is not compact unless it is discrete and finite.
The condition is part of the definition of a Stein manifold.
References
Complex analysis
Several complex variables
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomsk%20State%20University%20of%20Control%20Systems%20and%20Radio-electronics
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Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (, abbreviated as TUSUR) is a public university in Tomsk, Russia. Founded in 1962, TUSUR University was formed when two faculties, the Faculty of Radio Engineering and the Faculty of Electric Radio Control, split from Tomsk Polytechnic University to create a new educational institution.
History
TUSUR was founded as Tomsk Institute of Radioelectronics and Electronic Engineering by decree of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union on April 21, 1962. Its goal was to train engineers and researchers for the radioelectronic, missile and space industries. The university was formed by splitting off two faculties of Tomsk Polytechnic University, the Faculty of Radio Engineering and the Faculty of Electric Radio Control, along with 2000 of their undergraduate and postgraduate students and 60 faculty members. In 1971 the university was renamed as Tomsk Institute of Automated Control Systems and Radioelectronics.
In 1997 TUSUR obtained the status of a university, adopting its modern name.
Academics
TUSUR University offers over 70 degree programs through its 13 faculties:
Faculty of Radio Engineering
Faculty of Radio Design
Faculty of Computer Systems
Faculty of Control Systems
Faculty of Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Economics
Faculty of Innovation Technologies
Faculty of Human Sciences
Faculty of Law
Faculty of Security
Faculty of Distance Learning
Faculty of Extramural and Evening Education
Faculty
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20problem
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In theoretical computer science, a computational problem is a problem that may be solved by an algorithm. For example, the problem of factoring
"Given a positive integer n, find a nontrivial prime factor of n."
is a computational problem. A computational problem can be viewed as a set of instances or cases together with a, possibly empty, set of solutions for every instance/case. For example, in the factoring problem, the instances are the integers n, and solutions are prime numbers p that are the nontrivial prime factors of n.
Computational problems are one of the main objects of study in theoretical computer science. The field of computational complexity theory attempts to determine the amount of resources (computational complexity) solving a given problem will require and explain why some problems are intractable or undecidable. Computational problems belong to complexity classes that define broadly the resources (e.g. time, space/memory, energy, circuit depth) it takes to compute (solve) them with various abstract machines. For example, the complexity classes
P, problems that consume polynomial time for deterministic classical machines
BPP, problems that consume polynomial time for probabilistic classical machines (e.g. computers with random number generators)
BQP, problems that consume polynomial time for probabilistic quantum machines.
Both instances and solutions are represented by binary strings, namely elements of {0, 1}*. For example, natural numbers are usu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MNG
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MNG may refer to:
Places
Maningrida Airport, Northern Territory, Australia, IATA airport code
Manningtree railway station, Essex, England, station code
Mongolia, see ISO 3166-1 and List of FIFA country codes
Montgomery station (West Virginia), U.S., Amtrak station code
Biology and medicine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine, a mutagen
Midline nuclear group, a region of the thalamus in the vertebrate brain
Organisations
MNG Maritime, floating armoury company
MNG Group of Companies
MNG Airlines, a Turkish cargo airline
MNG Enterprises, an American newspaper & media company
or Galician Nationalist Youth, a political youth organization in Galicia, Spain
Other
Mnong language (ISO 639:mng)
Multiple-image Network Graphics, a graphics file format
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanishing
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Vanishing may refer to:
Entertainment
Vanishing, a type of magical effect.
Mathematics
The mathematical concept, see root of a function
Music
A song from the A Perfect Circle album Thirteenth Step
A song from Mariah Carey (album)
A song by Bryan Adams from Waking Up the Neighbours
A song by Barenaked Ladies from Barenaked Ladies Are Me
Art and literature
A Void, 1969 French novel, also translated under the titles A Vanishing and Vanish'd
Vanishing (2022 film), a French-South Korean film
The Vanishing (disambiguation), various films and novels
See also
Vanish (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/187%20%28number%29
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187 (one hundred [and] eighty-seven) is the natural number following 186 and preceding 188.
In mathematics
There are 187 ways of forming a sum of positive integers that adds to 11, counting two sums as equivalent when they are cyclic permutations of each other. There are also 187 unordered triples of 5-bit binary numbers whose bitwise exclusive or is zero.
Per Miller's rules, the triakis tetrahedron produces 187 distinct stellations. It is the smallest Catalan solid, dual to the truncated tetrahedron, which only has 9 distinct stellations.
In other fields
There are 187 chapters in the Hebrew Torah.
See also
187 (disambiguation)
References
Integers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20extra%20dimensions
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In particle physics, models with universal extra dimensions include one or more spatial dimensions beyond the three spatial and one temporal dimensions that are observed.
Overview
Models with universal extra dimensions, studied in 2001 assume that all fields propagate universally in the extra dimensions; in contrast, the ADD model requires that the fields of the Standard Model be confined to a four-dimensional membrane, while only gravity propagates in the extra dimensions.
The universal extra dimensions are assumed to be compactified with radii much larger than the traditional Planck length, although smaller than in the ADD model, ~10−18 m. Generically, the—so far unobserved—Kaluza–Klein resonances of the Standard Model fields in such a theory would appear at an energy scale that is directly related to the inverse size ("compactification scale") of the extra dimension,
The experimental bounds (based on Large Hadron Collider data) on the compactification scale of one or two universal extra dimensions are about 1 TeV.
Other bounds come from electroweak precision measurements at the Z pole, the muon's magnetic moment, and limits on flavor-changing neutral currents, and reach several hundred GeV. Using universal extra dimensions to explain dark matter yields an upper limit on the compactification scale of several TeV.
See also
Large extra dimensions
Kaluza–Klein theory
Randall–Sundrum model
Notes
References
Particle physics
Physics beyond the Standard Model
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NS5-brane
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In theoretical physics, the NS5-brane is a five-dimensional p-brane that carries a magnetic charge under the B-field, the field under which the fundamental string is electrically charged.
References
String theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalness%20%28physics%29
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In physics, naturalness is the aesthetic property that the dimensionless ratios between free parameters or physical constants appearing in a physical theory should take values "of order 1" and that free parameters are not fine-tuned. That is, a natural theory would have parameter ratios with values like 2.34 rather than 234000 or 0.000234.
The requirement that satisfactory theories should be "natural" in this sense is a current of thought initiated around the 1960s in particle physics. It is a criterion that arises from the seeming non-naturalness of the standard model and the broader topics of the hierarchy problem, fine-tuning, and the anthropic principle. However it does tend to suggest a possible area of weakness or future development for current theories such as the Standard Model, where some parameters vary by many orders of magnitude, and which require extensive "fine-tuning" of their current values of the models concerned. The concern is that it is not yet clear whether these seemingly exact values we currently recognize, have arisen by chance (based upon the anthropic principle or similar) or whether they arise from a more advanced theory not yet developed, in which these turn out to be expected and well-explained, because of other factors not yet part of particle physics models.
The concept of naturalness is not always compatible with Occam's razor, since many instances of "natural" theories have more parameters than "fine-tuned" theories such as the Standard Mode
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%20point
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The term Fermi point has two applications but refers to the same phenomena (special relativity):
Fermi point (quantum field theory)
Fermi point (nanotechnology)
For both applications count that the symmetry between particles and anti-particles in weak interactions is violated:
At this point the particle energy is zero.
In nanotechnology this concept can be applied to electron behavior. An electron as a single particle is a fermion obeying the Pauli exclusion principle.
Fermi point (quantum field theory)
Fermionic systems that have a Fermi surface (FS) belong to a universality class in quantum field theory. Any collection of fermions with weak repulsive interactions belongs to this class. At the Fermi point, the break of symmetry can be explained by assuming a vortex or singularity will appear as a result of the spin of a fermi particle (quasiparticle, fermion) in one dimension of the three-dimensional momentum space.
Fermi point (nanoscience)
The Fermi point is one particular electron state. The Fermi point refers to an event chirality of electrons is involved and the diameter of a carbon nanotube for which the nanotube becomes metallic. As the structure of a carbon nanotube determines the energy levels that the carbon's electrons may occupy, the structure affects macroscopic properties of the nanotube structure, most notably electrical and thermal conductivity.
Flat graphite is a conductor except when rolled up into small cylinders. This circular structure inhibits the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalil%20al-Deek
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Khalil Said al-Deek (born 1957) aka Joseph Adams after 1996, was a dual US-Jordanian citizen who came to USA to study computer science.
He became a naturalized US citizen living in Los Angeles, California where he worked as computer engineer and Charity Without Borders staffer, where it is now believed that Adam Yahiye Gadahn worked around that same time in 1997. The Charity was discovered to be an al-Qaeda organization used to funnel money overseas and wasn't shut down until after September 11, 2001. Hisham Diab was running this organization at the time and it was confirmed by his ex-wife Saraah Olson that Hisham and Khalil Said al-Deek recruited Adam Yahiye Gadahn and transformed him into an American-hating fanatic. This was also confirmed by the imam Haitham Bundakji of the Islamic Society of Orange County who described Hisham and members of his cell as "disruptive troublemakers" and places blame on himself for not reaching out to Gadahn.
Carrying a US passport, he moved to Peshawar, Pakistan, where he is believed to have met several times with Osama bin Laden. He was arrested on December 17, 1999, in Peshawar and extradited to Jordan for conspiracy to carry out terrorist attacks in Jordan.
CNN reports that al-Deek is described as the leader of his group.
One report claimed al-Deek and 27 others were indicted, in Jordan on March 29, 2000.
The International Counter-Terrorism blog reported that Al-Deek was indicted in absentia and had already been extradited. The S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe%20Villers
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Philippe Villers founded the company Computervision with Marty Allen in 1969. In 1980 he co-founded Automatix, an early robotics company, which he led until 1986. He later served as president of Cognition Corporation for 3 years. He is currently (2013) president of GrainPro, Inc., and board member of a number of high-tech startups, as well as president of Families USA Foundation, which he endowed. GrainPro makes bags and storage cocoons out of polyvinyl chloride to protect grain in third world countries, where up to 25% of harvested crops are lost to insects and rodents.
Villers was born in France and came to the United States as a child. He earned a B.A. from Harvard University and an S.M. in mechanical engineering from MIT in 1960. He also holds an honorary doctorate from the University of Massachusetts Lowell.
References
External links
GrainPro, Inc.
Families USA Foundation
Cognition Corporation
American computer businesspeople
Businesspeople in computing
Harvard University alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral%20particle
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In physics, a neutral particle is a particle without an electric charge, such as a neutron.
The term neutral particles should not be confused with truly neutral particles, the subclass of neutral particles that are also identical to their own antiparticles.
Stable or long-lived neutral particles
Long-lived neutral particles provide a challenge in the construction of particle detectors, because they do not interact electromagnetically, except possibly through their magnetic moments. This means that they do not leave tracks of ionized particles or curve in magnetic fields. Examples of such particles include photons, neutrons, and neutrinos.
Other neutral particles
Other neutral particles are very short-lived and decay before they could be detected even if they were charged. They have been observed only indirectly. They include:
Z bosons
Dozens of heavy neutral hadrons:
Neutral mesons such as the and
The neutral Delta baryon (), and other neutral baryons, such as the and
See also
Neutral particle oscillation
Truly neutral particle
References
K. Nakamura et al. (Particle Data Group), JP G 37, 075021 (2010) and 2011 partial update for the 2012 edition
Particle physics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey%20Krasnikov
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Serguei Vladilenovich Krasnikov (; 1961) is a Russian physicist.
Life
Krasnikov obtained a doctorate (CSc.) in physics and mathematics from Saint Petersburg University. He is currently based at Pulkovo Observatory in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Krasnikov’s work is focused on theoretical physics, specifically on the development of the Krasnikov tube and its applications in causality, closed timelike curves, and hyperfast travel.
In 2001, Krasnikov worked at Starlab, in a joint NASA/USAF-funded project to assess the viability of time travel under realistic physical conditions.
In 2002 he attended the 11th UK Conference on the Foundations of Physics hosted by the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford at which he delivered the paper "Time machine (1988-2001)".
See also
Alcubierre drive
Wormhole
References
External links
Homepage at the Alexander Friedmann Laboratory for Theoretical Physics
Curriculum Vitae at the Friedmann Laboratory website
TEDxBrussels 2009 Serguei Krasnikov on time travel
1961 births
Living people
Russian physicists
Quantum physicists
Time travel
Russian scientists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leigh%20Canham
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Leigh Canham is a British scientist who has pioneered the optoelectronic and biomedical applications of porous silicon.
Leigh Canham graduated from University College London in 1979 with a BSc in Physics and completed his PhD at King's College London in 1983.
His early work in this area took place at the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern, Worcestershire.
Canham and his colleagues showed that electrochemically etched silicon could be made porous. This porous material could emit visible light when a current was passed through it (electroluminescence).
Later the group demonstrated the biocompatibility of porous silicon.
Canham now works as Chief Scientific Officer of psiMedica (part of pSiVida). According to the pSiVida web site, Canham is the most cited author on porous silicon. In a study of most cited physicists up to 1997 Canham ranked at 771.
Bibliography
Selected papers
Porous silicon-based scaffolds for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications, Jeffery L. Coffer, Melanie A. Whitehead, Dattatri K. Nagesha, Priyabrata Mukherjee, Giridhar Akkaraju, Mihaela Totolici, Roghieh S. Saffie, Leigh T. Canham, Physica Status Solidi A Vol. 202, Issue 8, Pages 1451 - 1455
Gaining light from silicon, Leigh Canham, Nature vol. 408, pp. 411 – 412 (2000)
Progress towards silicon optoelectronics using porous silicon technology, L. T. Canham, T. I. Cox, A. Loni and A. J. Simons, Applied Surface Science, Volume 102, Pages 436-441 (1996)
Porous silicon mult
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic%20stress%E2%80%93energy%20tensor
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In relativistic physics, the electromagnetic stress–energy tensor is the contribution to the stress–energy tensor due to the electromagnetic field. The stress–energy tensor describes the flow of energy and momentum in spacetime. The electromagnetic stress–energy tensor contains the negative of the classical Maxwell stress tensor that governs the electromagnetic interactions.
Definition
SI units
In free space and flat space–time, the electromagnetic stress–energy tensor in SI units is
where is the electromagnetic tensor and where is the Minkowski metric tensor of metric signature . When using the metric with signature , the expression on the right of the equals sign will have opposite sign.
Explicitly in matrix form:
where
is the Poynting vector,
is the Maxwell stress tensor, and c is the speed of light. Thus, is expressed and measured in SI pressure units (pascals).
CGS unit conventions
The permittivity of free space and permeability of free space in cgs-Gaussian units are
then:
and in explicit matrix form:
where Poynting vector becomes:
The stress–energy tensor for an electromagnetic field in a dielectric medium is less well understood and is the subject of the unresolved Abraham–Minkowski controversy.
The element of the stress–energy tensor represents the flux of the μth-component of the four-momentum of the electromagnetic field, , going through a hyperplane ( is constant). It represents the contribution of electromagnetism to the source of the gra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmagupta%20matrix
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In mathematics, the following matrix was given by Indian mathematician Brahmagupta:
It satisfies
Powers of the matrix are defined by
The and are called Brahmagupta polynomials. The Brahmagupta matrices can be extended to negative integers:
See also
Brahmagupta's identity
Brahmagupta's function
References
External links
Eric Weisstein. Brahmagupta Matrix, MathWorld, 1999.
Brahmagupta
Matrices
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Campinas%20Institute%20of%20Computing
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The Institute of Computing (), formerly the Department of Computer Science at the Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, is the main unit of education and research in computer science at the State University of Campinas (Unicamp). The institute is located at the Zeferino Vaz campus, in the district of Barão Geraldo in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
History
The origins of the Institute traces back to 1969 when Unicamp created a baccalaureate in Computer Science. The first one of its kind in Brazil, it served as a model for many computing courses in other universities in the country. In the same year, the Department of Computer Science (DCC) was established at the Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science (IMECC). In March 1996, the department was separated from IMECC and became a full institute, the 20th academic unit of Unicamp. The reorganization was completed formally when its first dean came to office in the next year (March 1997).
Courses
The institute offers two undergraduate courses: a baccalaureate in Computer Science (evening period) and another in Computer Engineering (in partnership with the School of Electric and Computer Engineering). The institute offers also graduate programs at the level of master's and doctorate in Computer Science. These courses have received top evaluations from the ministry of education, and attract students from many Latin America countries. The institute also offers many post-graduate specializatio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s%20equations%20in%20curved%20spacetime
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In physics, Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime govern the dynamics of the electromagnetic field in curved spacetime (where the metric may not be the Minkowski metric) or where one uses an arbitrary (not necessarily Cartesian) coordinate system. These equations can be viewed as a generalization of the vacuum Maxwell's equations which are normally formulated in the local coordinates of flat spacetime. But because general relativity dictates that the presence of electromagnetic fields (or energy/matter in general) induce curvature in spacetime, Maxwell's equations in flat spacetime should be viewed as a convenient approximation.
When working in the presence of bulk matter, distinguishing between free and bound electric charges may facilitate analysis. When the distinction is made, they are called the macroscopic Maxwell's equations. Without this distinction, they are sometimes called the "microscopic" Maxwell's equations for contrast.
The electromagnetic field admits a coordinate-independent geometric description, and Maxwell's equations expressed in terms of these geometric objects are the same in any spacetime, curved or not. Also, the same modifications are made to the equations of flat Minkowski space when using local coordinates that are not rectilinear. For example, the equations in this article can be used to write Maxwell's equations in spherical coordinates. For these reasons, it may be useful to think of Maxwell's equations in Minkowski space as a special case
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Risch
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Neil Risch is an American human geneticist and professor at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Risch is the Lamond Family Foundation Distinguished Professor in Human Genetics and Director of the Institute for Human Genetics and Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at UCSF.
Known for his work on numerous genetic diseases including torsion dystonia, Risch emphasizes the links between population genetics and clinical application, believing that understanding human population history and disease susceptibility go hand in hand.
Population genetics
Risch has conducted significant work on the nature of human differences on a geographical scale. For instance, he used social and genetic data to analyse genetic admixture from White, African, and Native American ancestry in Puerto Rico, as well as relating this to geographical variation in social status.
Risch considers that genetic drift is a more compelling explanation for the carrier frequency of lysosomal storage diseases in Ashkenazi Jews than heterozygote advantage, in light of analysis of the results of recent genetic testing by his collaborators and himself.
After mapping torsion dystonia by linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis he found it was genetically dominant and was a founder mutation. Other work has focused on the genetic basis of Parkinson's disease, hemochromatosis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, autism, epilepsy and hypertension.
Group structure
Risch has worked on the genetic structure
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/188%20%28number%29
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188 (one hundred [and] eighty-eight) is the natural number following 187 and preceding 189.
In mathematics
There are 188 different four-element semigroups, and 188 ways a chess queen can move from one corner of a board to the opposite corner by a path that always moves closer to its goal. The sides and diagonals of a regular dodecagon form 188 equilateral triangles.
In other fields
The number 188 figures prominently in the film The Parallel Street (1962) by German experimental film director . The opening frame of the film is just an image of this number.
See also
The year AD 188 or 188 BC
List of highways numbered 188
References
Integers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Edward%20Armstrong
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Henry Edward Armstrong FRS FRSE (Hon) (6 May 1848 – 13 July 1937) was a British chemist. Although Armstrong was active in many areas of scientific research, such as the chemistry of naphthalene derivatives, he is remembered today largely for his ideas and work on the teaching of science. Armstrong's acid is named for him.
Life and work
Armstrong was born the son of Richard Armstrong, a commission agent and importer, and Mary Ann Biddle. He lived most of his life in Lewisham, a suburb of London.
After finishing school in 1864 at age 16, he spent a winter in Gibraltar, with a relative, for health reasons. In the spring of 1865, Armstrong returned to England and entered the Royal College of Chemistry in London, now the department of chemistry at Imperial College. Chemical training in those days was not lengthy, and at the age of 18 he was selected by Edward Frankland to assist in devising methods of determining organic impurities in sewage.
Armstrong pursued further studies under Hermann Kolbe at Leipzig, earning a PhD in 1869 for work on "acids of sulfur." He returned to London and worked under Augustus Matthiessen in the medical school of St Bartholomew's Hospital, in charge of chemistry classes for students taking the London degree. A permanent appointment in 1879 at City and Guilds of London Institute, now also a part of Imperial College, followed. At age 36, Armstrong became Professor of Chemistry at yet another Imperial College precursor, the Central Institution in 188
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Virology
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The Journal of Virology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers research concerning all aspects of virology. It was established in 1967 and is published by the American Society for Microbiology. Research papers are available free online four months after print publication.
The current editors-in-chief are Felicia Goodrum (University of Arizona) and Stacey Schultz-Cherry (St. Jude Children's Research Hospital). Past editors-in-chief include Rozanne M. Sandri-Goldin (University of California, Irvine, California) (2012-2022), Lynn W. Enquist (2002–2012), Thomas Shenk (1994–2002), and Arnold J. Levine (1984–1994).
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in AGRICOLA, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, EMBASE, MEDLINE/Index Medicus/PubMed, and the Science Citation Index Expanded. Its 2015 impact factor was 4.606, ranking it fifth out of 33 journals in the category "Virology".
References
External links
Delayed open access journals
Academic journals established in 1967
English-language journals
Biweekly journals
Academic journals published by learned and professional societies
Virology journals
American Society for Microbiology academic journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbe%20Magazine
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Microbe is the monthly news magazine of the American Society for Microbiology that is published in print (ISSN 1558-7452) and online (ISSN 1558-7460). The print version is distributed to the more than 43,000 members of the ASM. The online archive includes all issues since October 2006. Some articles are also available via the MicrobeLibrary online resource.
Monthly features found in each issue include letters, a report of ASM public affairs, several short articles by researchers in the field, summaries of articles of special interest published in ASM journals, a book review, and a selected post from the ASM blog Small Things Considered.
External links
Microbe website
English-language magazines
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Science and technology magazines published in the United States
American Society for Microbiology academic journals
Magazines established in 2006
Magazines published in Washington, D.C.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicrobeLibrary
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MicrobeLibrary is a permanent collection of over 1400 original peer-reviewed resources for teaching undergraduate microbiology. It is provided by the American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, United States.
Contents include curriculum activities; images and animations; reviews of books, websites and other resources; and articles from Focus on Microbiology Education, Microbiology Education and Microbe. Around 40% of the materials are free to educators and students, the remainder require a subscription. the service is suspended with the message to:
"Please check back with us in 2017".
External links
MicrobeLibrary
Microbiology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry%20Development%20Kit
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The Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) is computer software, a library in the programming language Java, for chemoinformatics and bioinformatics. It is available for Windows, Linux, Unix, and macOS. It is free and open-source software distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.0.
History
The CDK was created by Christoph Steinbeck, Egon Willighagen and Dan Gezelter, then developers of Jmol and JChemPaint, to provide a common code base, on 27–29 September 2000 at the University of Notre Dame. The first source code release was made on 11 May 2011. Since then more than 100 people have contributed to the project, leading to a rich set of functions, as given below. Between 2004 and 2007, CDK News was the project's newsletter of which all articles are available from a public archive. Due to an unsteady rate of contributions, the newsletter was put on hold.
Later, unit testing, code quality checking, and Javadoc validation was introduced. Rajarshi Guha developed a nightly build system, named Nightly, which is still operating at Uppsala University. In 2012, the project became a support of the InChI Trust, to encourage continued development. The library uses JNI-InChI to generate International Chemical Identifiers (InChIs).
In April 2013, John Mayfield (né May) joined the ranks of release managers of the CDK, to handle the development branch.
Library
The CDK is a library, instead of a user program. However, it has been integrated into various environments to make
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDK
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CDK may refer to:
CDK Global, a US-based automotive dealer services company
The IATA airport code for George T. Lewis Airport, Cedar Key, Florida, United States.
Chemistry Development Kit, an open source chemical expert system for chemoinformatics and bioinformatics, written in Java
Chung Do Kwan, founded in 1944, the first of nine schools teaching what came to be known as Taekwondo
Complete knock down, a production technique, often used in automotive industry
Curses Development Kit, one of two open source distributions of the Curses widgets library
Cyclin-dependent kinase, a major class of enzymes involved in the regulation of the cell cycle
Chronic kidney disease, a progressive loss of function of the kidney.
Charles De Ketelaere, a Belgian professional footballer.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Bretscher
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Mark Steven Bretscher (born 8 January 1940) is a British biological scientist and Fellow of the Royal Society. He worked at the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, United Kingdom and is currently retired.
Education
Mark Bretscher was born in Cambridge and educated at Abingdon School from 1950 to 1958. He then went to Gonville and Caius College, University of Cambridge in 1958 to study Chemistry where he gained a PhD and became a Research Fellow.
Career
In 1961 he joined the MRC Unit for the Study of the Molecular Structure of Biological Systems in the Cavendish laboratory as a graduate student with Francis Crick and Sydney Brenner and then spent a year as a Jane Coffin Childs Fellow with Paul Berg at Stanford (1964-5). He joined the staff of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, becoming Head of the Division of Cell Biology (1986-1995) and Emeritus scientist (2005-2013). He was a visiting professor in biochemistry and molecular biology at Harvard University (1974–75) and Eleanor Roosevelt Cancer Society Fellow and visiting professor, Stanford University (1984–85). He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1985.
Bretscher's main contributions lie in the areas of the mechanism of protein biosynthesis, the structure of cell membranes (especially that of the human red blood cell) and animal cell migration.
Protein Synthesis
In his first paper, on the genetic code, the word "codon" first appeared in print (inserted by F
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitar%20Ivanov%20Popov
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Dimitar Ivanov Popov () (October 13, 1894 – October 25, 1975) was a Bulgarian organic chemist and an academician of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
Prof. D. Ivanov is known by his father's name Ivanov rather than his family's name Popov.
He is the namesake of the Ivanov reaction in chemistry.
References
Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Bulgarian chemists
Scientists from Sofia
Organic chemists
1894 births
1975 deaths
20th-century Bulgarian scientists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonal%20morphism
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In category theory, a branch of mathematics, for any object in any category where the product exists, there exists the diagonal morphism
satisfying
for
where is the canonical projection morphism to the -th component. The existence of this morphism is a consequence of the universal property that characterizes the product (up to isomorphism). The restriction to binary products here is for ease of notation; diagonal morphisms exist similarly for arbitrary products. The image of a diagonal morphism in the category of sets, as a subset of the Cartesian product, is a relation on the domain, namely equality.
For concrete categories, the diagonal morphism can be simply described by its action on elements of the object . Namely, , the ordered pair formed from . The reason for the name is that the image of such a diagonal morphism is diagonal (whenever it makes sense), for example the image of the diagonal morphism on the real line is given by the line that is the graph of the equation . The diagonal morphism into the infinite product may provide an injection into the space of sequences valued in ; each element maps to the constant sequence at that element. However, most notions of sequence spaces have convergence restrictions that the image of the diagonal map will fail to satisfy.
See also
Diagonal functor
Diagonal embedding
References
Morphisms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonal%20functor
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In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the diagonal functor is given by , which maps objects as well as morphisms. This functor can be employed to give a succinct alternate description of the product of objects within the category : a product is a universal arrow from to . The arrow comprises the projection maps.
More generally, given a small index category , one may construct the functor category , the objects of which are called diagrams. For each object in , there is a constant diagram that maps every object in to and every morphism in to . The diagonal functor assigns to each object of the diagram , and to each morphism in the natural transformation in (given for every object of by ). Thus, for example, in the case that is a discrete category with two objects, the diagonal functor is recovered.
Diagonal functors provide a way to define limits and colimits of diagrams. Given a diagram , a natural transformation (for some object of ) is called a cone for . These cones and their factorizations correspond precisely to the objects and morphisms of the comma category , and a limit of is a terminal object in , i.e., a universal arrow . Dually, a colimit of is an initial object in the comma category , i.e., a universal arrow .
If every functor from to has a limit (which will be the case if is complete), then the operation of taking limits is itself a functor from to . The limit functor is the right-adjoint of the diagonal functor. Similar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20Mathematics%20Competition
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The Australian Mathematics Competition is a mathematics competition run by the Australian Maths Trust for students from year 3 up to year 12 in Australia, and their equivalent grades in other countries.
Since its inception in 1976 in the Australian Capital Territory, the participation numbers have increased to around 600,000, with around 100,000 being from outside Australia, making it the world's largest mathematics competition.
History
The forerunner of the competition, first held in 1976, was open to students within the Australian Capital Territory, and attracted 1,200 entries. In 1976 and 1977 the outstanding entrants were awarded the Burroughs medal. In 1978, the competition became a nationwide event, and became known as the Australian Mathematics Competition for the Wales awards with 60,000 students from Australia and New Zealand participating. In 1983 the medals were renamed the Westpac awards following a change to the name of the title sponsor Westpac. Other sponsors since the inception of the competition have been the Canberra Mathematical Association and the University of Canberra (previously known as the Canberra College of Advanced Education).
The competition has since spread to countries such as New Zealand, Singapore, Fiji, Tonga, Taiwan, China and Malaysia, which submit thousands of entries each. A French translation of the paper has been available since the current competition was established in 1978, with Chinese translation being made available to Hong K
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation%20%28album%29
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Propagation (1994) is an album by the American ambient musician Robert Rich. This album is an expression of Rich’s interest in biology and is a tribute to the proliferation of organic life in all its forms. It features a complex range of world music influences, just tunings and guest performers, similar to Rainforest (1989).
Track listing
”Animus” – 9:29
”Lifeblood” – 5:31
”Whispers of Eden” – 7:35
”Terraced Fields” – 4:24
”Luminous Horizon” – 9:45
”Spirit Catcher” – 9:25
”Guilin” – 11:11
Personnel
Robert Rich – Wavestation, Morpheus, Proteus/3, DX711D, EPS16+, Prophet-5, bamboo and PVC flutes, ocarinas, lap steel guitar, fretless bass, su gzeng, zither, brass and clay dumbeks, tar, udu, talking drums, kendang, Waterphone, windwand and whirlies, key tree, Woodstock chimes, rainstick, shakers, “glurp”
Andy Wiskes – environmental source recordings (“glurp food”)
Lisa Moskow – sarod (track 3)
Forrest Fang – violin (track 7)
Carter Scholz – gendér and gambang (track 7)
References
External links
Hearts of Space Records Album Page
Robert Rich (musician) albums
1994 albums
Hearts of Space Records albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous%20Peoples%20Council%20on%20Biocolonialism
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The Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism (IPCB) is a non-profit organization based in Nixon, Nevada for the purpose of political activism against the emergent field of population genetics for human migration research. The term "biocolonialism" is a neologism —a portmanteau of "bio-" and "colonialism" —used by the IPCB to pejoratively characterise population genetics research as part of invasive and destructive assimilation against indigenous peoples.
The group claims to advocate for the interests of indigenous peoples, to assist "in the protection of their genetic resources, indigenous knowledge, cultural and human rights from the negative effects of biotechnology." In particular, the IPCB's protests were based on a rejection of participating in scientific research that would negate or otherwise contradict traditional Native American accounts and narratives about their ancestral origins, and lend support to other alternate views.
IPCB was a signatory of the Indigenous Peoples' Seattle Declaration in 1999.
History
The IPCB was founded in 1999 by the current Executive Director Debra Harry, following her growing concerns over a perceived impact of genetic colonialism on the lives of indigenous peoples. The organization objects to genetic variation research on isolated populations, as well as its prospective commercial exploration; claiming it as a global threat, not only to the self-determination of all indigenous peoples, but also to the non-indigenous world and to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum%20%28disambiguation%29
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Solanum may refer to
Biology
Solanum, a genus of flowering plants.
Solanum virus 1, commonly called potato virus X
Solanum virus 2, commonly called potato virus Y
Other uses
Solanum, a fictional virus referred to in The Zombie Survival Guide by Max Brooks
See also
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20J.%20Darling
|
David Darling (born 29 July 1953 in Glossop, Derbyshire) is an English astronomer, freelance science writer, and musician. Darling has published numerous popular science works, including Life Everywhere: The Maverick Science of Astrobiology in 2001 and The Universal Book of Mathematics in 2004. He maintains the online Internet Encyclopedia of Science.
A review of Darling's book Soul Search, stated that "he develops a sort of scientific pantheism positing that, with death, we move from the narrow consciousness of our highly selective, reality-filtering brain to the wider, timeless consciousness of the unbound universe."
Bibliography
We Are Not Alone: Why We Have Already Found Extraterrestrial Life (2010). (paperback)
Gravity's Arc: The Story of Gravity from Aristotle to Einstein and Beyond (2006). (hardcover)
Teleportation: The Impossible Leap (2005). (hardcover)
The Universal Book of Mathematics: From Abracadabra to Zeno's Paradoxes (2004). (hardcover)
The Universal Book of Astronomy: From the Andromeda Galaxy to the Zone of Avoidance (2003). (hardcover)
The Complete Book of Spaceflight: From Apollo 1 to Zero Gravity (2002). (hardcover)
Life Everywhere: The Maverick Science of Astrobiology (2001). (hardcover)
The Extraterrestrial Encyclopedia: An Alphabetical Reference to All Life in the Universe (2000) (paperback)
Zen Physics: The Science of Death, the Logic of Reincarnation (1996). (hardcover)
Soul Search : A Scientist Explores the Afterlife (1995). (h
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleuroperitoneal
|
Pleuroperitoneal is a term denoting the pleural and peritoneal serous membranes or the cavities they line. It is divided from the pericardial cavity by the transverse septum. Congenital defect or traumatic injury of pleuroperitoneal membrane can lead to diaphragmatic hernia.
Membrane biology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LogP
|
LogP may refer to:
Partition coefficient, the name of a ratio in organic and medicinal chemistry.
LogP machine, a model for parallel computation.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Rope is a length of fibers that are twisted or braided together
Rope may also refer to:
Wire rope, a length of metallic fibers twisted or braided together
Computing
Core rope memory, a ferrite read-only memory
IpTables Rope, an open-source firewall programming language
Rope (data structure), a data structure used in computer science
Film, television and theatre
Rope (play), a 1929 play by Patrick Hamilton
Rope (film), a 1948 film by Alfred Hitchcock based on the play
Rope (1957 film), an Australian TV adaptation originally aired by ABC
Rope (1959 television play), an Australian TV adaptation originally aired by GTV
The Rope (miniseries), a 2021 French thriller miniseries
Roped, a 1919 silent film directed by John Ford and starring Harry Carey
Rudens (lit. The Rope), a 3rd-century BC play by Plautus
Music
The Rope, a 1986 album by Black Tape for a Blue Girl
"Rope" (song), by Foo Fighters, 2011
Persons with surname Rope
Bryce Rope (1923–2013), New Zealand rugby union coach
Donald Rope (1929–2009), Canadian ice-hockey player
Ellen Mary Rope (1855–1934), English sculptor
John Rope (1855 or 1863–1944), White Mountain Apache clan leader and Apache scout
Margaret Agnes Rope (1882–1953), English stained glass artist (cousin of M E Aldrich Rope)
M. E. Aldrich Rope (1891–1988), English stained glass artist (cousin of Margaret Agnes Rope)
Other uses
Colloquial for execution by hanging
Research Opportunity and Performance Evidence (ROPE), concept used by the A
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Pickering
|
Andrew Pickering (born 1948) is a British sociologist, philosopher and historian of science at the University of Exeter. He was a professor of sociology and a director of science and technology studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign until 2007. He holds a doctorate in physics from the University of London, and a doctorate in Science Studies from the University of Edinburgh. His book Constructing Quarks: A Sociological History of Particle Physics (1984) is a classic in the field of the sociology of science.
Career
In elucidating some of the sociological factors prevailing in particle physics, Pickering also wrote a number of papers for journals and conferences. According to Pickering, theory and experiment come in packages, and traditions of experiment generate just the kind of data which will fuel further theorising, while traditions of theory generate new problems for further development.
Pickering thus described two theoretical frameworks in particle physics: 'old physics' – which at the time of its death, was "still alive" – dominated high energy physics through the 1960s and into the early 1970s, and concerned itself with 'common [particle physics] phenomena'. 'New physics' refers to the theory and experiment 'package' concerned with rare phenomena, such as the search for quarks. While each theoretical framework had little to say about the other, and "was useless in the phenomenal world of its rival", each was satisfactory in its own terms. Despite
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster-Miller
|
Foster-Miller, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Qinetiq, is an American-based military robotics manufacturer. Its two best-known products are its TALON robots and its LAST Armor.
Founded and based in Waltham, Massachusetts, it has offices in Albany, New York, Washington, D.C., and near Boston. Foster-Miller became a wholly owned Independent subsidiary of Qinetiq in 2004. Its parent has signed a special security agreement, allowing it to work independently in sensitive projects for US defense.
Foster-Miller has about 300 members of staff skilled in aeronautical engineering, administration, chemical engineering, chemistry, physics, civil engineering, electrical engineering, mathematics, statistics, mechanical engineering, metallurgy, polymers, polymerization, electromechanical engineering.
Foster-Miller works in the fields of robotics, advanced materials, sensors, custom machinery, medical device design, biopharmaceuticals, C4ISR and transportation. It has been awarded the aerospace quality management standard AS9100 (6 January 2006) and SW-CMM Level 3 software certification (9 February 2006) and ISO 13485 for medical device design and development.
Mergers/acquisitions
On 8 September 2004 Foster-Miller was acquired by Qinetiq North America for $163 million US dollars. QinetiQ is an offshoot of the UK's DERA, which is Europe's largest science and technology company with a revenue of over $2.2 billion in the 2008 financial year. The acquisition was finalized on 9 November 2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identityism
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Identityism is the school of Sufi metaphysics of unity of being traditionally known as Wahdat al-Wujud or Wahdat ul-Wujood (Arabic: Literally, unity of existence) formulated by Ibn Arabi. Identityism is similar to monism in the west and nondualism and advaita vedanta in Hinduism.
See also
Sufi metaphysics
Sufi philosophy
References
Sufi philosophy
Monism
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-learning%20%28computer%20science%29
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Meta learning
is a subfield of machine learning where automatic learning algorithms are applied to metadata about machine learning experiments. As of 2017, the term had not found a standard interpretation, however the main goal is to use such metadata to understand how automatic learning can become flexible in solving learning problems, hence to improve the performance of existing learning algorithms or to learn (induce) the learning algorithm itself, hence the alternative term learning to learn.
Flexibility is important because each learning algorithm is based on a set of assumptions about the data, its inductive bias. This means that it will only learn well if the bias matches the learning problem. A learning algorithm may perform very well in one domain, but not on the next. This poses strong restrictions on the use of machine learning or data mining techniques, since the relationship between the learning problem (often some kind of database) and the effectiveness of different learning algorithms is not yet understood.
By using different kinds of metadata, like properties of the learning problem, algorithm properties (like performance measures), or patterns previously derived from the data, it is possible to learn, select, alter or combine different learning algorithms to effectively solve a given learning problem. Critiques of meta learning approaches bear a strong resemblance to the critique of metaheuristic, a possibly related problem. A good analogy to meta-learning,
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Fern%C3%A1ndez-Pello
|
Carlos Fernández-Pello (born in Asturias, Spain) is a faculty member of the University of California, Berkeley, Department of Mechanical Engineering. He also serves as an associate dean in the Graduate Division at Berkeley, where he oversees the Graduate Diversity Program, the American Indian Graduate Program, Graduate Division’s academic services, fellowships, publications, and websites. His research interests are in combustion, heat and mass transfer, microgravity combustion, micro and meso-scale combustion, ignition and flame propagation, smouldering and transition to flaming combustion. Fernández-Pello has been involved in teaching and research activities since the 1970s in different institutions.
Career and research
Carlos Fernández-Pello received his Ph.D. from University of California, San Diego in 1975 under the supervision of Forman A. Williams. Earlier, he received his M.Sc. degree (1973) at U.C. San Diego, and his Bachelor at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Spain, 1968). After working as a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard, Princeton University and Northwestern University, he joined UC Berkeley in 1980. Since then, he has held the following academic positions: associate dean of the Graduate Division (since 2003), vice-chairman of graduate matters, Mechanical Engineering Department (1997–2000), vice-chairman Graduate Council (2000–2001), professor (since 1986), and associate professor (1982–1986).
He has served as an engineer in the industry at SENER (Spain)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual%20Induction
|
Mutual induction may refer to:
Mutual inductance in physics
Mutually inductive types in type theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraj%20Malekpour
|
Iraj Malekpour (ایرج ملکپور) is an born Amol Iranian university professor of space physics.
He was famous in Iran for writing and preparing the annual calendar that was officially used in Iran until 2002.
He holds an adjunct faculty position at Tehran University, and works at the Tehran University's Institute of Geophysics.
He holds a PhD from France.
It has been said that he has been purged from the university faculty recently.
References
External links
Bio on the Institute of Geophysics website
Iranian physicists
Academic staff of the University of Tehran
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century Iranian inventors
People from Amol
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Anderson%20%28physicist%29
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Alexander Anderson (12 May 1858 – 7 September 1936) was an Irish physicist and President of Queen's College Galway, now the University of Galway, from 1899 until 1934. In electrical engineering he is known for Anderson's bridge. He is credited with being the first physicist to consider black holes as real physical entities, in a 1920 paper.
Early life and education
Alexander Anderson was born on 12 May 1858, the son of Daniel Anderson, of Camus, Coleraine, County Londonderry. He was educated at Queen's College Galway, where he won a first-year scholarship in the Science Division of the Faculty of Arts and the Sir Robert Peel Prize in Geometry in 1876. He was awarded gold medals on the results of his B.A. examination in 1880, and his M.A. examination in 1881. He then won first place in an open examination for a scholarship to Sidney Sussex College at Cambridge from which he graduated BA (6th wrangler) in 1884. He was later awarded MA in 1888.
Career
In 1885, Anderson returned to Queen's College Galway, where he was appointed Professor of Natural Philosophy, a post he held until 1934. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal University of Ireland in 1886, and a Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, in 1891. He was appointed President of Queen's College Galway on the resignation of Professor W. J. M. Starkie in 1899.
Anderson was conferred with an honorary LL.D. by the University of Glasgow in 1901. He served as a Senator of both the Royal University of Ireland, and its suc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOQ
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MOQ, Moq, Moq., moq, or MoQ may refer to:
Pirsig's metaphysics of quality (MOQ) – a theory of reality
Alfred Moquin-Tandon – a botanist whose author abbreviation is Moq.
Morondava Airport – a Madagascan airport with the IATA code MOQ
Mor language (Papuan) – a human language with the language code moq
Moquegua Region – a region in Peru with ISO 3166 code PE-MOQ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%20Le%20Poidevin
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Robin Le Poidevin (born 1962) is Emeritus Professor of Metaphysics at the University of Leeds, whose special interests include agnosticism, philosophy of religion, metaphysics, and philosophy of space and time.
Biography
Le Poidevin was educated at Repton School and Oriel College Oxford, where he graduated with a B.A. (1984, converted to M.A., 1988) in Psychology and Philosophy. He took a Ph.D. in Philosophy at Emmanuel College, Cambridge (1989). He was Gifford Research Fellow in Logic and Metaphysics at the University of St Andrews, 1988-89. He was appointed to a lectureship in Philosophy at the University of Leeds in 1989, where he taught until 2022. He was the 2007 Stanton Lecturer in Philosophy of Religion at the University of Cambridge and the 2012 Alan Richardson Fellow in Theology at the University of Durham. From 2010 to 2015 he was Editor of Religious Studies, and is a past President of the British Society for the Philosophy of Religion.
Le Poidevin has defended both agnosticism and religious fictionalism in his writings on religion, and the B-theory of time (which denies the reality of temporal passage) in his writings on metaphysics.
Publications
Books
Change, Cause and Contradiction: A Defence of the Tenseless Theory of Time, London: Macmillan, 1991.
Arguing for Atheism: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion, London: Routledge, 1996.
Travels in Four Dimensions: The Enigmas of Space and Time, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
The Images of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thigmonasty
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In biology, thigmonasty or seismonasty is the nastic (non-directional) response of a plant or fungus to touch or vibration. Conspicuous examples of thigmonasty include many species in the leguminous subfamily Mimosoideae, active carnivorous plants such as Dionaea and a wide range of pollination mechanisms.
Distinctive aspects
Thigmonasty differs from thigmotropism in that nastic motion is independent of the direction of the stimulus. For example, tendrils from a climbing plant are thigmotropic because they twine around any support they touch, responding in whichever direction the stimulus came from. However, the shutting of a venus fly trap is thigmonastic; no matter what the direction of the stimulus, the trap simply shuts (and later possibly opens).
The time scales of thigmonastic responses tend to be shorter than those of thigmotropic movements because many examples of thigmonasty depend on pre-accumulated turgor or on bistable mechanisms rather than growth or cell division. Certain dramatic examples of rapid plant movement such as the sudden drooping of Mimosa pudica or the trapping action of Dionaea or Utricularia are fast enough to observe without time lapse photography; some take less than a second. Speed is no clear distinction however; for example the re-erection of Mimosa leaves is nastic, but typically takes some 15 to 30 minutes, rather than a second or so. Similarly, re-opening of the Dionaea trap, though also nastic, typically takes days to complete.
Botanic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient%20response
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In electrical engineering and mechanical engineering, a transient response is the response of a system to a change from an equilibrium or a steady state. The transient response is not necessarily tied to abrupt events but to any event that affects the equilibrium of the system. The impulse response and step response are transient responses to a specific input (an impulse and a step, respectively).
In electrical engineering specifically, the transient response is the circuit’s temporary response that will die out with time. It is followed by the steady state response, which is the behavior of the circuit a long time after an external excitation is applied.
Damping
The response can be classified as one of three types of damping that describes the output in relation to the steady-state response.
Underdamped
An underdamped response is one that oscillates within a decaying envelope. The more underdamped the system, the more oscillations and longer it takes to reach steady-state. Here damping ratio is always less than one.
Critically damped
A critically damped response is the response that reaches the steady-state value the fastest without being underdamped. It is related to critical points in the sense that it straddles the boundary of underdamped and overdamped responses. Here, the damping ratio is always equal to one. There should be no oscillation about the steady-state value in the ideal case.
Overdamped
An overdamped response is the response that does not oscillate about
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive%20C
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Interactive C is a program which uses a modified version of ANSI C with several libraries and features that allow hobbyists to program small robotics platforms.
Version by Newton Research Labs
Newton Research Labs developed Interactive C as a compiling environment for robots using the Motorola 6811 processor. The MIT LEGO Robot Design Contest (6.270) was the original purpose for the software. It became popular, however, due to its ability to compile on the fly rather than taking time to compile beforehand as other languages had done. The programming environment's newest version is IC Version 8.0.2, which supports these operating systems:
Microsoft Windows XP, 2000, Vista
Macintosh
Unix and Unix-like: IRIX, Solaris, SunOS; Linux
The screenshot to the right shows Interactive C running on a Windows operating system. The program features an Interaction Window where one-line C commands can be sent to the connected controller as well as an editing window, here titled main.c, where a program file is being edited and can be sent to the attached controller.
Here is the basic "Hello World" example for IC programming:
void main()
{
printf("Hello World");
}
Here is another example using motor ports 1 and 3:
void main()
{
motor(1,100);
motor(3,100);
sleep(2.0);
ao();
}
A basic infinite loop that will beep for ever:
void main()
{
while(1)
{
beep();
}
}
Interactive C is used by Ohio State University to program MIT Handy Boards in i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Wong%20%28Canadian%20politician%29
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Peter Wong (July 8, 1931 – June 6, 1998) was a Canadian politician, who served as mayor of Sudbury, Ontario, from 1982 to 1991, and chair of the Regional Municipality of Sudbury from 1997 until his death the following year.
Early life
Born in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, and raised in the village of Radville, Wong studied civil engineering at the University of Denver, graduating in 1954. He worked for Ontario's Department of Highways, and spent two years working on infrastructure projects in Thailand, before taking a job with Sudbury's municipal public works department. By the early 1980s he had been promoted to the city's senior engineer, as well as serving as a trustee on the Rainbow District School Board.
Wong was also an avid curler, and played second for the Northern Ontario team at the 1973 Macdonald Brier, on a team skipped by Don Harry. The rink went 3-7 at the event.
Wong and his wife Lynn had two children.
Mayoralty
After losing his job with the city in a round of austerity measures incumbent mayor Maurice Lamoureux had implemented in early 1982, Wong successfully challenged Lamoureux for the mayoralty in that year's municipal election. He was the city's first non-white mayor, as well as the first Chinese Canadian mayor of a major Canadian city and only the third Chinese Canadian mayor ever elected in any municipality.
His term as mayor was marked by efforts to diversify the city's mining-based economy, as well as expansion of the city's extensive environmental re
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derived%20unique%20key%20per%20transaction
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In cryptography, Derived Unique Key Per Transaction (DUKPT) is a key management scheme in which for every transaction, a unique key is used which is derived from a fixed key. Therefore, if a derived key is compromised, future and past transaction data are still protected since the next or prior keys cannot be determined easily. DUKPT is specified in ANSI X9.24 part 1.
Overview
DUKPT allows the processing of the encryption to be moved away from the devices that hold the shared secret. The encryption is done with a derived key, which is not re-used after the transaction. DUKPT is used to encrypt electronic commerce transactions. While it can be used to protect information between two companies or banks, it is typically used to encrypt PIN information acquired by Point-Of-Sale (POS) devices.
DUKPT is not itself an encryption standard; rather it is a key management technique. The features of the DUKPT scheme are:
enable both originating and receiving parties to be in agreement as to the key being used for a given transaction,
each transaction will have a distinct key from all other transactions, except by coincidence,
if a present derived key is compromised, past and future keys (and thus the transactional data encrypted under them) remain uncompromised,
each device generates a different key sequence,
originators and receivers of encrypted messages do not have to perform an interactive key-agreement protocol beforehand.
History
DUKPT was invented in the late 1980s a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils%20Mustelin
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Nils Olof Mustelin (11 August 1931 in Turku – 28 April 2004 in Helsinki) was a Finnish professor of physics, noted astronomer, and popular skeptic.
Mustelin was born in Turku (Åbo in Swedish), where he also went to school and attended university. He enrolled at the Åbo Akademi in 1949 and studied physics, graduating as a Ph.D. in 1963. He also studied theoretical physics for two years at MIT, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA, USA. He worked in many places, including the University of Helsinki; Nordforsk, an institute for technological research collaboration among the Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland); Tekes, Teknologian edistämiskeskus ("Center for Advancement of Technology") and COST. After retiring he was a member of the Helsinki city council, representing the Swedish People's Party.
Mustelin was known for his many scientific essays, articles, and books, primarily his astronomic book Liv Bland Miljarder Stjärnor, Civilisationer i Vintergatan och Därbortom? ("Life Among Billions of Stars, Civilizations in the Milky Way and Beyond?"). The book, published in 1978, discussed how life has emerged and evolved on Earth and how life could possibly exist on other planets and outside the solar system. It was translated from Swedish to Finnish, Norwegian, and Danish. He is also famous for inventing tramology (Finnish sporalogia), a parody of astrology based on the scientific fact that trams exert a greater force of gravity on
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroergonomics
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Neuroergonomics is the application of neuroscience to ergonomics. Traditional ergonomic studies rely predominantly on psychological explanations to address human factors issues such as: work performance, operational safety, and workplace-related risks (e.g., repetitive stress injuries). Neuroergonomics, in contrast, addresses the biological substrates of ergonomic concerns, with an emphasis on the role of the human nervous system.
Overview
Neuroergonomics has two major aims: to use existing/emerging knowledge of human performance and brain function to design systems for safer and more efficient operation, and to advance this understanding of the relationship between brain function and performance in real-world tasks.
To meet these goals, neuroergonomics combines two disciplines—neuroscience, the study of brain function, and human factors, the study of how to match technology with the capabilities and limitations of people so they can work effectively and safely. The goal of merging these two fields is to use the startling discoveries of human brain and physiological functioning both to inform the design of technologies in the workplace and home, and to provide new training methods that enhance performance, expand capabilities, and optimize the fit between people and technology.
Research in the area of neuroergonomics has blossomed in recent years with the emergence of noninvasive techniques for monitoring human brain function that can be used to study various aspects of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20Science%20High%20School%20Western%20Visayas%20Campus
|
The Philippine Science High School Western Visayas Campus (PSHS-WVC), one of the campuses of the Philippine Science High School System, is located at Brgy. Bito-on, Jaro, Iloilo City, Philippines. Established in 1993, the school admits and grants scholarships to students who are gifted in the sciences and mathematics. Most of the scholars are from Western Visayas which covers the provinces of Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Guimaras, Iloilo and Negros Occidental, as well as the Mimaropa (Region IV-B), which includes the provinces of Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan. Until the establishment of PSHS Central Visayas in 2009, the campus also catered to the students from the Central Visayas provinces of Bohol, Cebu, Negros Oriental and Siquijor.
The campus was once the only concrete structure amidst acres of rice fields, whereas now, it is in a sprawling upper class subdivision.
History
The first Philippine Science High School was established in Diliman, Quezon City under Republic Act No. 3661, known as the PSHS Charter. The school opened on 5 September 1964 at a rented building owned by the Philippine Government Employees Association along Elliptical Road, Diliman, Quezon City. It was only in 1970 that the school moved to its present campus along Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City.
To expand the opportunities of students gifted in science, mathematics and technology in the Visayas and Mindanao, the PSHS Mindanao Campus and the PSHS Western Visayas Cam
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschenmoser%27s%20salt
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In organic chemistry, Eschenmoser's salt (named for Albert Eschenmoser) is the ionic, organic compound . It is the iodide salt of the dimethylaminomethylene cation .
The dimethylaminomethylene cation is a strong dimethylaminomethylating agent, used to prepare derivatives of the type . Enolates, silyl enol ethers, and even more acidic ketones undergo efficient dimethylaminomethylation. Once prepared, such tertiary amines can be further methylated and then subjected to base-induced elimination to afford methylidenated ketones. The salt was first prepared by the group of Albert Eschenmoser after whom the reagent is named.
Structure and bonding
Dimethylaminomethylene cation is described as a resonance hybrid of the carbocation and an iminium cation:
(CH3)2N-CH2+ <=> (CH3)2N+=CH2
The atoms are coplanar. The cation is isoelectronic with isobutene.
Preparation
Pyrolysis of iodomethyltrimethylammonium iodide affords the desired salt:
[(CH3)3N-CH2I]I -> [(CH3)2NCH2]I + CH3I
An alternative route starts with bis(dimethylamino)methane:
[(CH3)2N]2CH2 + (CH3)3SiI -> [(CH3)2NCH2]I + (CH3)3SiN(CH3)2
Related salts
Other salts of the dimethylaminomethylene cation:
Dimethyl(methylidene)ammonium trifluoroacetate.
Dimethyl(methylidene)ammonium chloride (Böhme's salt, after Horst Böhme)
See also
Vilsmeier reagent, .
References
Reagents for organic chemistry
Iodides
Quaternary ammonium compounds
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombieri%E2%80%93Vinogradov%20theorem
|
In mathematics, the Bombieri–Vinogradov theorem (sometimes simply called Bombieri's theorem) is a major result of analytic number theory, obtained in the mid-1960s, concerning the distribution of primes in arithmetic progressions, averaged over a range of moduli. The first result of this kind was obtained by Mark Barban in 1961 and the Bombieri–Vinogradov theorem is a refinement of Barban's result. The Bombieri–Vinogradov theorem is named after Enrico Bombieri and A. I. Vinogradov, who published on a related topic, the density hypothesis, in 1965.
This result is a major application of the large sieve method, which developed rapidly in the early 1960s, from its beginnings in work of Yuri Linnik two decades earlier. Besides Bombieri, Klaus Roth was working in this area. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, many of the key ingredients and estimates were simplified by Patrick X. Gallagher.
Statement of the Bombieri–Vinogradov theorem
Let and be any two positive real numbers with
Then
Here is the Euler totient function, which is the number of summands for the modulus q, and
where denotes the von Mangoldt function.
A verbal description of this result is that it addresses the error term in the prime number theorem for arithmetic progressions, averaged over the moduli q up to Q. For a certain range of Q, which are around if we neglect logarithmic factors, the error averaged is nearly as small as . This is not obvious, and without the averaging is about of the strength of t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%20Press
|
Karen Press (born 1956) is a South African poet and translator.
She was born in Cape Town, and lives in Sea Point. Press is a full-time writer and editor, having published ten collections of poetry, a film script, short stories, as well as educational material and textbooks in the fields of science, mathematics, English and economics. She also translated poetry from Afrikaans, primarily work by Antjie Krog.
In 1987 she co-founded the publishing collective Buchu Books.
Antjie Krog described her poems in The Museum of Working Life as "a haunting museum constructed in Press's delicate tone and vivid poetic intelligence."
Poetry
Emergency Declarations (found poems, co-produced with Ingrid de Kok, 1985)
This Winter Coming (Cinnamon Crocodile, 1986)
Bird Heart Stoning the Sea (Buchu Books, 1990)
History is the dispossession of the heart (Cinnamon Crocodile, 1992)
The Coffee Shop Poems (Snailpress, 1993)
Echo Location - a guide to Sea Point for residents and visitors (Gecko Books, 1998)
Home (Carcanet, 2000)
The Little Museum of Working Life (Deep South, 2004)
The Canary’s Songbook (Carcanet, 2005)
Slowly, As If (Carcanet, 2012)
Awards
Press received the Literary Translators Award in the 2015 South African Literary Awards for translation of Mede-wete and Synapse by Antjie Krog.
References
External links
1956 births
Living people
South African women poets
Writers from Cape Town
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%20Allan%20Farnsworth
|
Edward Allan Farnsworth (June 30, 1928 – January 31, 2005) was one of America's most renowned legal scholars on contracts. His writings were standard reference in courtrooms and law schools.
Biography
Born in Providence, Rhode Island, he received a bachelor's degree in applied mathematics from the University of Michigan in 1948 and a master's degree in physics from Yale University in 1949. He earned his law degree from Columbia Law School in 1952. After serving in the U.S. Air Force JAG and briefly working in private practice, he began teaching at Columbia Law. Starting his career as the school's youngest professor, Farnsworth taught for over 50 years.
A leading scholar, Farnsworth invested ten years as reporter for the influential 1981 Restatement (Second) of Contracts stabilizing a fluid area of American law. His "Farnsworth on Contracts" is among the most heavily referenced texts on contract law.
Farnsworth was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1994.
In January 2005, Prof. Farnsworth died in Englewood, New Jersey, aged 76.
Bibliography
References
External links
E. Allan Farnsworth Memorial Information
New York Times Obituary, February 6, 2005
American legal scholars
American legal writers
Columbia Law School alumni
Columbia University faculty
2005 deaths
Scholars of contract law
1928 births
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
People from Englewood, New Jersey
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumn
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Zeller
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Julius Christian Johannes Zeller (24 June 1822, Mühlhausen am Neckar – 31 May 1899, Cannstatt) was a German mathematician. He was born to Gottlob Zeller and Christiana Friedrike Moser.
Originally trained in mathematics, geography and theology, in 1874 Zeller became Director of the Seminary in Markgröningen and a girls' orphanage. In 1882 he became a member of the Société Mathématique de France. The following year, on 16 March 1883, he delivered a short account of his congruence relation (Zeller's congruence), which was published in the society's journal.
He was later awarded the Order of Friedrich, First Class, and the Ritterkreuz of Württemberg. He retired in 1898, and died in the following summer.
Works
On calendrical calculations
Each of these four similar papers deals firstly with the day of the week and secondly with the date of Easter Sunday, for the Julian and Gregorian Calendars.
Die Grundaufgaben der Kalenderrechnung auf neue und vereinfachte Weise gelöst, Zeller, Chr., Württembergische Vierteljahrshefte für Landesgeschichte, Jahrgang V 1882.
Problema duplex Calendarii fundamentale par M. Ch. Zeller, Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France, vol.11, Séance du 16 mars 1883
Kalender-Formeln von Rektor Chr. Zeller, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Württemberg, Ser. 1, 1 1885
Kalender-Formeln von Chr. Zeller, Acta Mathematica, Vol. 9 1886-87, Nov 1886
He also produced a reference card, Das
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%20acetate
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Aluminium acetate or aluminium ethanoate (also "aluminum ~"), sometimes abbreviated AlAc in geochemistry, can refer to a number of different salts of aluminium with acetic acid. In the solid state, three salts exist under this name: basic aluminium monoacetate, (HO)2AlCH3CO2, basic aluminium diacetate, HOAl(CH3CO2)2, and neutral aluminium triacetate, Al(CH3CO2)3. In aqueous solution, aluminium triacetate hydrolyses to form a mixture of the other two, and all solutions of all three can be referred to as "aluminium acetate" as the species formed co-exist and inter-convert in chemical equilibrium.
Aluminium monoacetate
Aluminium monoacetate, also known as dibasic aluminium acetate, forms from Al(OH)3 and dilute aqueous acetic acid. More concentrated acid leads to the di- and triacetate.
Aluminium diacetate
Aluminium diacetate, also known as basic aluminium acetate, is prepared from aqueous aluminium acetate solution resulting in a white powder. This basic salt forms from the hydrolysis of the triacetate in water.
Aluminium triacetate
Aluminium triacetate is a chemical compound that is prepared by heating aluminium chloride (AlCl3) or Al powder with a mixture of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and acetic anhydride (C4H6O3). It is referred as the normal salt and is only made in the absence of water at a relatively high temperature like 180 °C.
References
Aluminium compounds
Acetates
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothetical%20protein
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In biochemistry, a hypothetical protein is a protein whose existence has been predicted, but for which there is a lack of experimental evidence that it is expressed in vivo. Sequencing of several genomes has resulted in numerous predicted open reading frames to which functions cannot be readily assigned. These proteins, either orphan or conserved hypothetical proteins, make up an estimated 20% to 40% of proteins encoded in each newly sequenced genome. The real evidences for the hypothetical protein functioning in the metabolism of the organism can be predicted by comparing its sequence or structure homology by considering the conserved domain analysis. Even when there is enough evidence that the product of the gene is expressed, by techniques such as microarray and mass spectrometry, it is difficult to assign a function to it given its lack of identity to protein sequences with annotated biochemical function. Nowadays, most protein sequences are inferred from computational analysis of genomic DNA sequence. Hypothetical proteins are created by gene prediction software during genome analysis. When the bioinformatic tool used for the gene identification finds a large open reading frame without a characterised homologue in the protein database, it returns "hypothetical protein" as an annotation remark.
The function of a hypothetical protein can be predicted by domain homology searches with various confidence levels. Conserved domains are available in the hypothetical proteins
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advantage%20%28cryptography%29
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In cryptography, an adversary's advantage is a measure of how successfully it can attack a cryptographic algorithm, by distinguishing it from an idealized version of that type of algorithm. Note that in this context, the "adversary" is itself an algorithm and not a person. A cryptographic algorithm is considered secure if no adversary has a non-negligible advantage, subject to specified bounds on the adversary's computational resources (see concrete security). "Negligible" usually means "within O(2−p)" where p is a security parameter associated with the algorithm. For example, p might be the number of bits in a block cipher's key.
Description of concept
Let F be an oracle for the function being studied, and let G be an oracle for an idealized function of that type. The adversary A is a probabilistic algorithm, given F or G as input, and which outputs 1 or 0. A's job is to distinguish F from G, based on making queries to the oracle that it's given. We say:
Examples
Let F be a random instance of the DES block cipher. This cipher has 64-bit blocks and a 56-bit key. The key therefore selects one of a family of 256 permutations on the 264 possible 64-bit blocks. A "random DES instance" means our oracle F computes DES using some key K (which is unknown to the adversary) where K is selected from the 256 possible keys with equal probability.
We want to compare the DES instance with an idealized 64-bit block cipher, meaning a permutation selected at random from the (26
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QG
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QG may refer to:
Science and technology
Quantum gravity, a theory in physics that aims to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics
Quasigeostrophic, an atmospheric dynamics theory; see Geostrophic wind
Quadrature Generator; see quadrature amplitude modulation
Nissan QG engine, an automotive engine series
ATCvet code QG, Genito-urinary system and sex hormones, a section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System for veterinary medicinal products
quod google (q.g.), an internet variation on Latin reference quod vide to indicate further information available
Other uses
Quetta Gladiators, a cricket team franchise in Pakistan Super League
Queen's Gambit, a chess opening move
Citilink, an IATA airline code
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understanding%20Physics
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Understanding Physics (1966) is a popular science book written by Isaac Asimov (1920-1992). It is considered to be a reader-friendly informational guide regarding the fields of physics, written for lay people. It is one of several science guides by Asimov.
The book is divided into three volumes, each of which have also been published separately as books. They are:
Volume I: Motion, Sound, and Heat
Volume II: Light, Magnetism, and Electricity
Volume III: The Electron, Proton, and Neutron
Editions
Asimov, Isaac (1966), Understanding Physics, Walker and Company.
1988 reprint, New York: Buccaneer Books; .
1988 omnibus (single volume) reprint, Dorset Press; .
1993 omnibus (single volume) reprint, Barnes & Noble; .
External links
1966 non-fiction books
Books by Isaac Asimov
Popular physics books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro
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Macro (or MACRO) may refer to:
Science and technology
Macroscopic, subjects visible to the eye
Macro photography, a type of close-up photography
Image macro, a picture with text superimposed
Monopole, Astrophysics and Cosmic Ray Observatory (MACRO), a particle physics experiment
Macronutrients, classes of chemical compounds humans consume in the largest quantities (i.e., proteins, fats, and carbohydrates)
Sociology
Macrosociology, sociology at the national level
Macroeconomics, economics at a higher level, above individual markets
Macromanagement in business, the idea of "managing from afar"
Computing
Macro (computer science), a set of instructions that is represented in an abbreviated format
Macro instruction, a statement, typically for an assembler, that invokes a macro definition to generate a sequence of instructions or other outputs
Macro key, a key found on some keyboards, particularly older keyboards.
Media and entertainment
Macromanagement (gameplay), high-level decision making in games
Macro Recordings, a German electronic music label
Macro analysis of chords and chord progressions
Other uses
Macro practice or community practice, a type of social work
Macrobiotics, a diet and lifestyle based on eating natural, organic food
Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome (MACRO), Italy
Cox Macro (1686–1767), English Anglican priest and antiquarian
Naevius Sutorius Macro (21 BC – 38 AD), praetorian prefect in the Roman Empire
See also
Makro, a retail brand
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaefer%27s%20dichotomy%20theorem
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In computational complexity theory, a branch of computer science, Schaefer's dichotomy theorem, proved by Thomas Jerome Schaefer, states necessary and sufficient conditions under which a finite set S of relations over the Boolean domain yields polynomial-time or NP-complete problems when the relations of S are used to constrain some of the propositional variables.
It is called a dichotomy theorem because the complexity of the problem defined by S is either in P or is NP-complete, as opposed to one of the classes of intermediate complexity that is known to exist (assuming P ≠ NP) by Ladner's theorem.
Special cases of Schaefer's dichotomy theorem include the NP-completeness of SAT (the Boolean satisfiability problem) and its two popular variants 1-in-3 SAT and not-all-equal 3SAT (often denoted by NAE-3SAT). In fact, for these two variants of SAT, Schaefer's dichotomy theorem shows that their monotone versions (where negations of variables are not allowed) are also NP-complete.
Original presentation
Schaefer defines a decision problem that he calls the Generalized Satisfiability problem for S (denoted by SAT(S)), where is a finite set of relations over the binary domain . An instance of the problem is an S-formula, i.e. a conjunction of constraints of the form where and the are propositional variables. The problem is to determine whether the given formula is satisfiable, in other words if the variables can be assigned values such that they satisfy all the constraints as g
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald%20Henderson%20%28disambiguation%29
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Archibald Henderson (1783–1859) was Commandant of the United States Marine Corps.
Archibald Henderson may also refer to:
Archibald Henderson (politician) (1768–1822), United States Congressman from North Carolina
Archibald Henderson (professor) (1877–1963), American professor of mathematics
Archie Henderson (born 1957), Canadian ice hockey player
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakir%20Aharonov
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Yakir Aharonov (; born August 28, 1932) is an Israeli physicist specializing in quantum physics. He has been a Professor of Theoretical Physics and the James J. Farley Professor of Natural Philosophy at Chapman University in California since 2008. He was a distinguished professor in the Perimeter Institute between 2009-2012 and is a professor emeritus at Tel Aviv University and at University of South Carolina. He is president of the IYAR, The Israeli Institute for Advanced Research.
Biography
Yakir Aharonov was born in Haifa. He received his undergraduate education at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, graduating with a BSc in 1956. He continued his graduate studies at the Technion and then moved to Bristol University, UK together with his doctoral advisor David Bohm, receiving a Ph.D. degree in 1960. Aharonov later taught at the Brandeis University from 1960 to 1961 and the Yeshiva University from 1964 to 1967, both in the United States.
Married to Nily, an educational psychologist, and father of two. His brother, Dov Aharonov, is a professor emeritus at the Faculty of Mathematics at the Technion, and his niece, Dorit Aharonov, is a professor at the School of Engineering and Computer Science at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Academic career
His research interests are nonlocal and topological effects in quantum mechanics, quantum field theories and interpretations of quantum mechanics. In 1959, he and David Bohm proposed the Aharonov–Bohm effect f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leverhulme%20Medal%20%28Royal%20Society%29
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The Leverhulme Medal is awarded by the Royal Society every three years "for an outstandingly significant contribution in the field of pure or applied chemistry or engineering, including chemical engineering". It was created in 1960 after a donation by the Leverhulme Trust to mark the 300th anniversary of the foundation of the Royal Society, and is accompanied by a £2000 gift. Since its creation, it has been awarded 21 times, and unlike other Royal Society medals such as the Royal Medal, it has never been awarded to the same person multiple times. Citizens of the United Kingdom have won the medal 19 of the 21 times; the two foreign recipients have been Man Mohan Sharma, an Indian citizen who was awarded the medal in 1996 "for his work on the dynamics of multi-phase chemical reactions in industrial processes", and Frank Caruso, an Australian chemical engineer, awarded the medal in 2019. Two Leverhulme Medal winners have also won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Archer John Porter Martin, who won the medal in 1963 for "his distinguished and fundamental discoveries in chromatography and its application" and the Nobel Prize in 1952, and Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, who won the medal in 1960 for "his outstanding contributions to physical chemistry" and the Nobel Prize in 1956. Anne Neville became the first woman to receive the award in 2016.
List of recipients
References
General
Specific
Awards of the Royal Society
Awards established in 1960
1960 in science
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald%20Henderson%20%28professor%29
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Archibald Henderson (July 17, 1877 – December 6, 1963) was an American professor of mathematics who wrote on a variety of subjects, including drama and history. He is well known for his friendship with George Bernard Shaw.
Early life
He was born at Salisbury, North Carolina, was educated at the University of North Carolina (A.B., 1898; Ph.D., 1902), where he was a member of Sigma Nu Fraternity, and studied more at Chicago, Cambridge, and Berlin universities, and at the Sorbonne (Paris). After 1899 he taught at the University of North Carolina, becoming professor of pure mathematics in 1908.
Bernard Shaw
In 1903 in Chicago Henderson saw the first performance in the United States of Bernard Shaw's play You Never Can Tell. Henderson became so enthusiastic about the playwright and his personality that he determined to write Shaw's biography. After some communication between Shaw and Henderson, Henderson arrived in London in 1907 on the very same train carrying Mark Twain who was en route to Oxford to receive an honorary degree. Having established his relation with Shaw, Henderson went on to write three different versions of Shaw's biography covering Shaw's entire career up to the playwright's death in 1950, including several other miscellaneous works about Shaw. The Libraries at the University of North Carolina hold about 380 of Henderson's own writings on various topics, including an invaluable collection of 75 scrap books devoted to articles about Shaw.
Works
His public
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan%20Agu%C3%A9li
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Ivan Aguéli (born John Gustaf Agelii; May 24, 1869 – October 1, 1917), also named Shaykh ʿAbd al-Hādī al-ʿAqīlī () upon his conversion to Islam, was a Swedish wandering Sufi, painter and author. As a devotee of Ibn Arabi, his metaphysics applied to the study of Islamic esotericism and its similarities with other esoteric traditions of the world. He was one of the initiators of René Guénon into Sufism and founder of the Parisian Al Akbariyya society. His art was a unique form of miniature Post-Impressionism where he used the blend of colours to create a sense of depth and distance. His unique style of art made him one of the founders of the Swedish contemporary art movement.
Childhood and youth
Ivan Aguéli was born John Gustaf Agelii in the small Swedish town of Sala in 1869, the son of veterinarian Johan Gabriel Agelii. Through his mother, he was related to the 18th-century Swedish metaphysician Emanuel Swedenborg.
Between the years 1879–1889, Aguéli conducted his studies in Gotland and Stockholm. Early on in his youth he began showing an exceptional artistic talent and a keen interest in religious mysticism.
In 1889 he adopted the name Ivan Aguéli and travelled to Paris, where he became the student of the Symbolist painter Émile Bernard. Before returning to Sweden in 1890 he made a detour to London, where he met the Russian anarchist scholar Peter Kropotkin.
Returning to Stockholm in 1890, Aguéli attended art school in Stockholm where he was taught by the Swedish artists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ane
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Ane or ane may refer to:
Āne, a village in Latvia
Ane, Netherlands, a village in Overijssel, Netherlands, also
Battle of Ane (1227), a battle fought near the village
-ane, a suffix in organic chemistry, or specifically
Alkanes, which take this suffix
Aun, a mythological king of Sweden
Ane River, a river in Shiga Prefecture, Japan
The acronym ANE may refer to:
Ancient Near East
The All Night Express, a wrestling stable in ROH
Ancient North Eurasian, archaeogenetic lineage
Angers – Loire Airport, Angers, France (IATA airport code ANE)
Anoka County–Blaine Airport, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States (FAA airport code ANE)
Anthro New England, annual furry convention in northeast America
See also
A&E (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree%20of%20unsaturation
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In the analysis of the molecular formula of organic molecules, the degree of unsaturation (DU) (also known as the index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD), double bond equivalents (DBE), or unsaturation index) is a calculation that determines the total number of rings and π bonds. A formula is used in organic chemistry to help draw chemical structures. It does not give any information about those components individually—the specific number of rings, or of double bonds (one π bond each), or of triple bonds (two π bonds each). The final structure is verified with use of NMR, mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy, as well as qualitative inspection. It is based on comparing the actual molecular formula to what would be a possible formula if the structure were saturated—having no rings and containing only σ bonds—with all atoms having their standard valence.
General formula
The formula for degree of unsaturation is:
where ni is the number of atoms with valence vi.
That is, an atom that has a valence of x contributes a total of x − 2 to the degree of unsaturation. The result is then halved and increased by 1.
Simplified formulae
For certain classes of molecules, the general formula can be simplified or rewritten more clearly. For example:
where
a = number of carbon atoms in the compound
b = number of hydrogen atoms in the compound
c = number of nitrogen atoms in the compound
f = number of halogen atoms in the compound
or
where C = number of carbons, H = number of hydrogens, X = n
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P24
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P24 or P-24 may refer to:
Aviation
Fairey P.24 Monarch, a British aircraft engine
Lockheed YP-24, an American prototype fighter aircraft
PZL P.24, a Polish fighter aircraft
Molecular biology
P24 capsid protein, a protein of HIV
P24 protein family, a group of transmembrane proteins
Pseudomonas sRNA P24
Other uses
, of the Armed Forces of Malta
Ndonde language
P24 road (Ukraine)
Papyrus 24, a biblical manuscript
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20%28disambiguation%29
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A quantum is the minimum amount of any physical entity involved in an interaction in physics.
Quantum may also refer to:
Science
Quantum, in neuroscience, refers to a discrete component of a physiological response
Quantum Magazine, a physics and science magazine
Quantum (journal), an open-access journal for research articles on quantum science
Quantum (TV series), a half-hour science journalism series aired by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation between 1985 and 2001
Businesses and products
Quantum Corporation, a manufacturer of computer data storage products
Quantum Sports Cars, a British-built low-volume car manufacturer
Toyota Quantum, the South African-specification version of the Toyota HiAce.
Volkswagen Quantum
Quantum, a line of Maksutov telescopes that were manufactured by Optical Techniques Incorporated (OTI)
Quantum, line of small engines made by Briggs and Stratton
Quantum-class cruise ship
Pegasus Quantum, a British-built ultralight trike
Computing
QUANTUM, a suite of attack software by the US National Security Agency (NSA)
QGIS, an open source GIS program for map-drawing and related functions, formerly called Quantum GIS
A time slice in computer pre-emptive multitasking
Quantum (software) a project of Mozilla to improve its Firefox web browser engine
Fiction and entertainment
Quantum (James Bond), the villainous organization featured in Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace
Quantum (book), a science history book by Manjit Kumar
Quantum S
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