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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightest%20supersymmetric%20particle
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In particle physics, the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is the generic name given to the lightest of the additional hypothetical particles found in supersymmetric models. In models with R-parity conservation, the LSP is stable; in other words, it cannot decay into any Standard Model particle, since all SM particles have the opposite R-parity. There is extensive observational evidence for an additional component of the matter density in the universe, which goes under the name dark matter. The LSP of supersymmetric models is a dark matter candidate and is a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP).
Constraints on LSP from cosmology
The LSP is unlikely to be a charged wino, charged higgsino, slepton,
sneutrino, gluino, squark, or gravitino but is most likely a mixture of neutral higgsinos, the bino and the neutral winos, i.e. a neutralino. In particular, if the LSP were charged (and is abundant in our galaxy) such particles would have been captured by the Earth's magnetic field and form heavy hydrogen-like atoms. Searches for anomalous hydrogen in natural water however have been without any evidence for such particles and thus put severe constraints on the existence of a charged LSP.
LSP as a dark matter candidate
Dark matter particles must be electrically neutral; otherwise they would scatter light and thus not be "dark". They must also almost certainly be non-colored.
With these constraints, the LSP could be the lightest neutralino, the gravitino, or the lightest
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20W.%20Hilgard
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Eugene Woldemar Hilgard (January 5, 1833, Zweibrücken, Kingdom of Bavaria – January 8, 1916, Berkeley, California, United States) was a German-American expert on pedology (the study of soil resources). An authority on climate as a soil forming factor, soil chemistry and reclamation of alkali soils, he is considered as the father of modern soil science in the United States.
Biography
Early life
Eugene Hilgard was born at Zweibrücken, Kingdom of Bavaria, January 5, 1833, the son of Theodore Erasmus and Margaretha (Pauli) Hilgard. His father was a successful lawyer, holding the position of chief justice of the court of appeals of the province of Rhenish Bavaria. His liberally-minded father was displeased by the increasingly reactionary government of Ludwig I, and, having secured a letter of recommendation from Lafayette, he resolved to move his family to America. After a 14-day overland trip to Le Havre, followed by a 62-day ocean voyage aboard the ship Marengo, the family arrived in New Orleans, Louisiana, on Christmas Day, 1835, then traveled up the Mississippi River to St. Louis, Missouri, finally settling on a farm in Belleville, Illinois. His father had chosen that particular area based on the writings of Gottfried Duden, who had described the area as a sort of El Dorado for German immigrants.
The youngest of nine children, Eugene received his early education under the tutelage of his father. During an epidemic of malaria that killed his eldest sister, Eugene was stri
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetism%20%28disambiguation%29
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Magnetism is a phenomenon in physics by which materials exert an attractive or repulsive force on other materials.
Magnetism may also refer to:
Magnetism (album), album by Matthew Shipp
Magnetism, song by Eugene Record
Animal magnetism, variously sexual attraction, vital force or hypnotism
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missing%20energy
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In experimental particle physics, missing energy refers to energy that is not detected in a particle detector, but is expected due to the laws of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum. Missing energy is carried by particles that do not interact with the electromagnetic or strong forces and thus are not easily detectable, most notably neutrinos. In general, missing energy is used to infer the presence of non-detectable particles and is expected to be a signature of many theories of physics beyond the Standard Model.
The concept of missing energy is commonly applied in hadron colliders. The initial momentum of the colliding partons along the beam axis is not known — the energy of each hadron is split, and constantly exchanged, between its constituents — so the amount of total missing energy cannot be determined. However, the initial energy in particles traveling transverse to the beam axis is zero, so any net momentum in the transverse direction indicates missing transverse energy, also called missing ET or MET.
Accurate measurements of missing energy are difficult, as they require full, accurate, energy reconstruction of all particles produced in an interaction.
Mismeasurement of particle energies can make it appear as if there is missing energy carried away by other particles when, in fact, no such particles were created.
References
Experimental particle physics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20magnetic%20moment
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In physics, mainly quantum mechanics and particle physics, a spin magnetic moment is the magnetic moment caused by the spin of elementary particles. For example, the electron is an elementary spin-1/2 fermion. Quantum electrodynamics gives the most accurate prediction of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron.
In general, a magnetic moment can be defined in terms of an electric current and the area enclosed by the current loop. Since angular momentum corresponds to rotational motion, the magnetic moment can be related to the orbital angular momentum of the charge carriers in the constituting current. However, in magnetic materials, the atomic and molecular dipoles have magnetic moments not just because of their quantized orbital angular momentum, but also due to the spin of elementary particles constituting them.
"Spin" is a non-classical property of elementary particles, since classically the "spin angular momentum" of a material object is really just the total orbital angular momenta of the object's constituents about the rotation axis. Elementary particles are conceived as point objects with no axis around which to "spin" (see wave–particle duality).
History
The idea of a spin angular momentum was first proposed in a 1925 publication by George Uhlenbeck and Samuel Goudsmit to explain hyperfine splitting in atomic spectra. In 1928, Paul Dirac provided a rigorous theoretical foundation for the concept in the Dirac equation for the wavefunction of the electron.
Spi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-finite%20field
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In mathematics, a quasi-finite field is a generalisation of a finite field. Standard local class field theory usually deals with complete valued fields whose residue field is finite (i.e. non-archimedean local fields), but the theory applies equally well when the residue field is only assumed quasi-finite.
Formal definition
A quasi-finite field is a perfect field K together with an isomorphism of topological groups
where Ks is an algebraic closure of K (necessarily separable because K is perfect). The field extension Ks/K is infinite, and the Galois group is accordingly given the Krull topology. The group is the profinite completion of integers with respect to its subgroups of finite index.
This definition is equivalent to saying that K has a unique (necessarily cyclic) extension Kn of degree n for each integer n ≥ 1, and that the union of these extensions is equal to Ks. Moreover, as part of the structure of the quasi-finite field, there is a generator Fn for each Gal(Kn/K), and the generators must be coherent, in the sense that if n divides m, the restriction of Fm to Kn is equal to Fn.
Examples
The most basic example, which motivates the definition, is the finite field K = GF(q). It has a unique cyclic extension of degree n, namely Kn = GF(qn). The union of the Kn is the algebraic closure Ks. We take Fn to be the Frobenius element; that is, Fn(x) = xq.
Another example is K = C((T)), the ring of formal Laurent series in T over the field C of complex numbers. (The
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20Party%20of%20Ontario%20candidates%20in%20the%201995%20Ontario%20provincial%20election
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The Green Party of Ontario fielded several candidates in the 1995 provincial election, none of whom were elected. Information about these candidates may be found here.
Candidates
Brantford: William Darfler
William Darfler was born on a small farm in New York State and moved to Brantford in the late 1960s. He taught high school mathematics, worked in a free school, and later worked for many years as a letter carrier. He has been a leading member of the Brantford Heritage Committee, and in 2004 he promoted the idea of a Canadian Industrial Heritage Museum for Brantford.
Darfler has been a Green Party candidate in two provincial elections. He was forty-eight years old in 1995 and promoted the idea of a guaranteed annual income.
As of 2010, he is a historical researcher for the Ontario Visual Heritage Project. In 2009, he received a grant from the Canadian First World War Internment Recognition Fund to study a little-known case of one hundred Turkish foundry workers rounded up from their homes in Brantford during World War I and sent to an internment camp in Kapuskasing.
Downsview: Tiina Leivo
Leivo was thirty-seven years old at the time of the election, and worked as a group facilitator for health food groups. She opposed subway expansion. She received 217 votes (0.94%), finishing fifth against Liberal candidate Annamarie Castrilli.
Muskoka–Georgian Bay: Michael Fenton
Michael L. Fenton received 411 votes (1.19%), finishing fourth against Progressive Conservative candi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation%20of%20European%20Biochemical%20Societies
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The Federation of the European Biochemical Societies, frequently abbreviated FEBS, is an international scientific society promoting activities in biochemistry, molecular biology and related research areas in Europe and neighbouring regions. It was founded in 1964 and includes over 35,000 members across 39 Constituent Societies.
Present activities
FEBS activities include: publishing journals; providing grants for scientific meetings such as an annual Congress, Young Scientists’ Forum and FEBS Advanced Courses; offering travel awards to early-stage scientists to participate in these events; offering research Fellowships for pre- and post-doctoral bioscientists; promoting molecular life science education; encouraging integration of scientists working in economically disadvantaged countries of the FEBS area; and awarding prizes and medals for research excellence. FEBS collaborates with related scientific societies such as its Constituent Societies, the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) and the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO).
Awards presented by FEBS include the Sir Hans Krebs Medal, the FEBS/EMBO Women in Science Award (presented jointly with EMBO), the Datta medal and the Theodor Bücher medal.
Journals
FEBS publishes four scientific journals: The FEBS Journal, FEBS Letters, Molecular Oncology and FEBS Open Bio. The FEBS Journal was previously entitled the European Journal of Biochemistry. Molecular Oncology and FEBS Open Bio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiding
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Hiding is obscuring something from view or rendering it inconspicuous. It may refer to:
Hiding (programming), of inherited methods in object-oriented computer programming
Hiding (TV series), a 2015 Australian television series
Christoffer Hiding (born 1985), a Swedish singer
Information hiding, in computer science, the hiding of design decisions in a computer program
See also
Hiding in Plain Sight (disambiguation)
Hiding Place (disambiguation)
Hide (disambiguation)
Hide and Seek (disambiguation)
pt:Esconderijo
zh:棄保潛逃
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartan%20%28chemistry%20software%29
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Spartan is a molecular modelling and computational chemistry application from Wavefunction. It contains code for molecular mechanics, semi-empirical methods, ab initio models, density functional models, post-Hartree–Fock models, and thermochemical recipes including G3(MP2) and T1. Quantum chemistry calculations in Spartan are powered by Q-Chem.
Primary functions are to supply information about structures, relative stabilities and other properties of isolated molecules. Molecular mechanics calculations on complex molecules are common in the chemical community. Quantum chemical calculations, including Hartree–Fock method molecular orbital calculations, but especially calculations that include electronic correlation, are more time-consuming in comparison.
Quantum chemical calculations are also called upon to furnish information about mechanisms and product distributions of chemical reactions, either directly by calculations on transition states, or based on Hammond's postulate, by modeling the steric and electronic demands of the reactants. Quantitative calculations, leading directly to information about the geometries of transition states, and about reaction mechanisms in general, are increasingly common, while qualitative models are still needed for systems that are too large to be subjected to more rigorous treatments. Quantum chemical calculations can supply information to complement existing experimental data or replace it altogether, for example, atomic charges for quant
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia%20of%20Mathematics
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The Encyclopedia of Mathematics (also EOM and formerly Encyclopaedia of Mathematics) is a large reference work in mathematics.
Overview
The 2002 version contains more than 8,000 entries covering most areas of mathematics at a graduate level, and the presentation is technical in nature. The encyclopedia is edited by Michiel Hazewinkel and was published by Kluwer Academic Publishers until 2003, when Kluwer became part of Springer. The CD-ROM contains animations and three-dimensional objects.
The encyclopedia has been translated from the Soviet Matematicheskaya entsiklopediya (1977) originally edited by Ivan Matveevich Vinogradov and extended with comments and three supplements adding several thousand articles.
Until November 29, 2011, a static version of the encyclopedia could be browsed online free of charge online. This URL now redirects to the new wiki incarnation of the EOM.
Encyclopedia of Mathematics wiki
A new dynamic version of the encyclopedia is now available as a public wiki online. This new wiki is a collaboration between Springer and the European Mathematical Society. This new version of the encyclopedia includes the entire contents of the previous online version, but all entries can now be publicly updated to include the newest advancements in mathematics. All entries will be monitored for content accuracy by members of an editorial board selected by the European Mathematical Society.
Versions
Vinogradov, I. M. (Ed.), Matematicheskaya entsiklopediya, Moscow,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature%20Nanotechnology
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Nature Nanotechnology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Publishing Group. It was established in October 2006. The editor-in-chief is Alberto Moscatelli. It covers all aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
Chemical Abstracts Service
Science Citation Index
Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology
Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 38.3.
References
External links
Nature Research academic journals
Nanotechnology journals
Academic journals established in 2006
Monthly journals
English-language journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron%20Gordon
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Cameron Gordon may refer to:
Cameron Gordon (mathematician), professor of mathematics at the University of Texas, Austin
Cam Gordon, Green Party councillor for Minneapolis, Minnesota
Cameron Gordon (American football) (born 1991), American football linebacker
See also
Gordon Cameron (disambiguation)
Cam Gordon (rugby union), Australian rugby union player whose full name is George Campbell Gordon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Blinc
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Robert Blinc (October 30, 1933 – September 26, 2011) was a prominent Slovene physicist a full professor of physics and, with more than 650 articles in prestigious international journals and two extensive monographs published abroad, a highly regarded and quoted researcher in condensed matter physics.
More than 14,000 citations of his works, longer and shorter visits to renowned foreign universities, a number of invited lectures at international conferences, work in international professional organizations and partnerships in a number of international projects also show his strong reputation at the global level. With his exceptional achievements and diversified activity, Professor Blinc substantiated the experimental physics of condensed matter in Slovenia, and with his strong commitment to international openness he certainly made a key contribution to the international recognition of the entire physics of Ljubljana. As an excellent university teacher, he also educated a large number of Slovenian physicists.
He completed his undergraduate studies in 1958 at the Faculty of Natural Sciences in Ljubljana and received a PhD a year later. He then started post-doc study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. When he returned to Slovenia, he continued his work at the Jožef Stefan Institute as a long-time head of the Department for Condensed Matter Physics. He became a professor at the University of Ljubljana in 1970. He was the first Dean of Jožef Stefan International Postgr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20members%20of%20the%20European%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20and%20Arts
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This is a list of members of European Academy of Sciences and Arts.
I – Humanities
II – Medicine
III – The arts
IV – Natural sciences
V – Social sciences, law and economics
VI – Technical and environmental sciences
VII – World religions
References
External links
Members at European Academy of Sciences and Arts
Science-related lists
Arts-related lists
Lists of members of learned societies
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoware
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Memoware is a term originally coined in 1996 for data formatted for the Memopad application that was shipped with the original U.S. Robotics Pilot (now Palm) Personal Digital Assistant. The MemoWare website was started shortly afterward by Craig Froehle as a central repository for memoware, and now hosts thousands of documents (in various formats) for Palm OS devices and other handhelds.
History
The idea and the name came out of discussions on a Pilot-related email list (managed by Tracy R. Reed) in August and September 1996. The term was probably coined by Bill Raynor in an email of 30 Aug 1996, wherein he said: "I've made up a number of tables of statistical distributions ... for my own use. Is this a category that the list would like to see circulated? (call it memoware?)". He emailed this list on 7 September in an email with the subject line: Pilot: Memoware - statistical tables".
On 12 September Jeffrey Macko wrote, on the subject of maintaining grocery lists on the Pilot: "I'm half tempted to start a pilot site for small useful databases." and Craig Froehle replied "I think that if everybody mailed you their lists of useful stuff, and you put them on a web page for us to copy-n-paste into the Pilot desktop PIM, that'd be real handy."
The following day, a list-member called QuZaX reported that he was working on early content, including weights and measures, the Periodic table, and other elements. On 14 September QuZax reminded the list that the data tables would
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak%20University%20of%20Agriculture
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Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra is a public university in Nitra, Slovakia. It offers Bachelor's, Engineer's (Master's), and Doctoral degrees in six faculties:
Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources
Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences
Faculty of Economics and Management
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering
Faculty of European Studies and Regional Development
Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering
References
External links
Slovak University of Agriculture Website
Buildings and structures in Nitra
Agricultural universities and colleges in Slovakia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marche%20Polytechnic%20University
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Marche Polytechnic University or Polytechnic University of the Marches (Italian Università Politecnica delle Marche) is a public university in Ancona, Italy. It offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in Agriculture, Engineering, Economics, Medicine and Biology.
It was established in 1959 for research and education in various fields, including engineering, economics, medicine, and agriculture.
UNIVPM offers undergraduate and graduate programs, including bachelor's and master's degrees in engineering, economics, architecture, medicine, and agriculture.
Academics
The teaching faculty currently numbers 710 teaching staff, along with 560 technical and administrative personnel. These are the 5 schools in which the university is divided into:
School of Agriculture
School of Economics
School of Engineering
School of Medicine and Surgery
School of Sciences
.
See also
List of Italian universities
List of universities in Europe founded after 1945
References
External links
Marche Polytechnic University Website
Universities in Italy
Ancona
Educational institutions established in 1969
1969 establishments in Italy
Education in Marche
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20Wooley
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Trevor Dion Wooley FRS (born 17 September 1964) is a British mathematician and currently Professor of Mathematics at Purdue University. His fields of interest include analytic number theory, Diophantine equations and Diophantine problems, harmonic analysis,
the Hardy-Littlewood circle method, and the theory and applications of exponential sums. He has made significant breakthroughs on Waring's problem, for which he was awarded the Salem Prize in 1998.
He received his bachelor's degree in 1987 from the University of Cambridge and his PhD, supervised by Robert Charles Vaughan, in 1990 from the University of London. In 2007, he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society.
Awards and honours
Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow, 1993–1995
Salem Prize, 1998
Invited speaker, International Congress of Mathematicians, Beijing 2002
Elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 2007.
Fröhlich Prize, 2012.
Fellow of the American Mathematical Society, 2012.
Invited speaker, International Congress of Mathematicians, Seoul 2014
Selected publications
References
External links
Living people
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
Purdue University faculty
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
Alumni of Imperial College London
1964 births
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeuronStudio
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NeuronStudio was a non-commercial program created at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai by the Computational Neurobiology and Imaging Center. This program performed automatic tracing and reconstruction of neuron structures from confocal image stacks. The resulting models were then be exported to file using standard formats for further processing, modeling, or for statistical analyses. NeuronStudio handled morphologic details on scales spanning local Dendritic spine geometry through complex tree topology to the gross spatial arrangement of multi-neuron networks. Its capability for automated digitization avoided the subjective errors inherent in manual tracing. The program ceased to be supported in 2012 and the project pages were eventually removed from the ISMMS Website. Its documentation and the Windows source code however are still available via the Internet Archive.
Deconvolution
Deconvolution of imaged data is essential for accurate 3D reconstructions. Deconvolution is an image restoration approach where 'a priori' knowledge of the optical system in the form of a point spread function (PSF) is used to obtain a better estimate of the object. A point spread function can be either calculated from the actual microscope parameters, measured with beads, or estimated and iteratively refined (Blind deconvolution). PSFs can be adjusted locally to account for variations in refractive characteristics of the tissue with depth and sample characteristics. For automated use with l
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanochemistry
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Nanochemistry is an emerging sub-discipline of the chemical and material sciences that deals with the development of new methods for creating nanoscale materials. The term "nanochemistry" was first used by Ozin in 1992 as 'the uses of chemical synthesis to reproducibly afford nanomaterials from the atom "up", contrary to the nanoengineering and nanophysics approach that operates from the bulk "down"'. Nanochemistry focuses on solid-state chemistry that emphasizes synthesis of building blocks that are dependent on size, surface, shape, and defect properties, rather than the actual production of matter. Atomic and molecular properties mainly deal with the degrees of freedom of atoms in the periodic table. However, nanochemistry introduced other degrees of freedom that controls material's behaviors by transformation into solutions. Nanoscale objects exhibit novel material properties, largely as a consequence of their finite small size. Several chemical modifications on nanometer-scaled structures approve size dependent effects.
Nanochemistry is used in chemical, materials and physical science as well as engineering, biological, and medical applications. Silica, gold, polydimethylsiloxane, cadmium selenide, iron oxide, and carbon are materials that show its transformative power. Nanochemistry can make the most effective contrast agent of MRI out of iron oxide (rust) which can detect cancers and kill them at their initial stages. Silica (glass) can be used to bend or stop lights
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean%20Hood
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Sean Hood (born August 13, 1966) is an American screenwriter and film director.
Early life
Hood graduated from Brown University, with a double major in pure mathematics and studio art, and then spent several years working in Hollywood as a set dresser, prop assistant and art director working with filmmakers as diverse as James Cameron, David Fincher and David Lynch. He continued his studies at the USC School of Cinematic Arts, graduating in 1997 with an MFA in production. His student short film, "The Shy and the Naked" won a grant from the Sloan Foundation for the positive portrayal of science.
Career
Screenwriting
Hood sold his first spec screenplay to MTV Films in 2000, and went on to sign a deal with Dimension Films, which included rewrites on Halloween: Resurrection and Cursed. He went on to work on Conan the Barbarian for producer Avi Lerner, and Hercules: The Legend Begins. Most recently, he penned an screenplay adaptation of the novel Rolling in The Deep, which will be produced by J. Todd Harris and directed by Mary Lambert (director). In 2011, Hood was hired to write the script for the fifth Rambo film, titled Rambo: Last Stand, however, Hood's script was put on hold in early 2012. In 2014, Hood's Rambo: Last Stand script was abandoned in favor of a new script by Sylvester Stallone.
Television
He wrote the episode Echoes for the NBC horror anthology series Fear Itself. Similarly, he contributed to the Showtime horror anthology series Masters of Horror by penning t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miroslav%20Radman
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Miroslav Radman (born April 30, 1944) is a Croatian biologist.
Biography
Radman was born in Split, PR Croatia, Yugoslavia. From 1962–1967 he studied experimental biology, physical chemistry and molecular biology at the University of Zagreb and in 1969 he obtained a doctorate degree in molecular biology at the Free University of Brussels. He spent the next three years at Harvard University as a postdoctoral researcher. From 1973 until 1983 he was Professor of Molecular Biology at the Free University of Brussels and from 1983 until 1998 the Research Director at the French Centre for Scientific Research at the University of Paris 7. He is now a professor of cellular biology at the Faculté de Médecine – Necker, Université Paris V, Paris, France. In 2002 he became a full member of the French Academy of Sciences, the first Croat to do so in the Academy's history. Radman is a co-founder of the Mediterranean Institute For Life Sciences located in Split, Croatia.
Scientific work
Radman's specialty is DNA repair. His work with Evelyn M. Witkin set the basis for the discovery of the SOS response. The SOS response hypothesis was put forward by Radman in 1970 in a letter sent to various researchers, and later published in 1974.
With his group he demonstrated the molecular mechanism of speciation by showing that DNA mismatch repair mechanism prevents recombination between similar chromosomes which leads to establishment of genetic barriers between species.
In 2011 Radman won the FE
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20boiling%20and%20freezing%20information%20of%20solvents
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See also
Freezing-point depression
Boiling-point elevation
References
Chemistry-related lists
Phase transitions
Phases of matter
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjay%20Mittal
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Sanjay Mittal is a Professor of computational fluid dynamics in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India.
Early life and education
After doing his B.Tech. from IIT Kanpur in 1988, he got enrolled at University of Minnesota, Twin Cities for M.S. program. He then received his Ph.D. and worked as a research associate under Tayfun Tezduyar.
Career
After working for two years at Army High Performance Computing center he returned to India and joined IIT Kanpur in the year of 1994 as an assistant professor.
Awards
Mittal has been the recipient of various awards.
2006 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology
2015 G. D. Birla Award for Scientific Research
References
Indian aerospace engineers
IIT Kanpur alumni
Computational fluid dynamicists
Academic staff of IIT Kanpur
IIT Kanpur
Living people
University of Minnesota alumni
Indian fluid dynamicists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Engineering Science
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Hubbard%20model
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The Bose–Hubbard model gives a description of the physics of interacting spinless bosons on a lattice. It is closely related to the Hubbard model that originated in solid-state physics as an approximate description of superconducting systems and the motion of electrons between the atoms of a crystalline solid. The model was introduced by Gersch and Knollman in 1963 in the context of granular superconductors. (The term 'Bose' in its name refers to the fact that the particles in the system are bosonic.) The model rose to prominence in the 1980s after it was found to capture the essence of the superfluid-insulator transition in a way that was much more mathematically tractable than fermionic metal-insulator models.
The Bose–Hubbard model can be used to describe physical systems such as bosonic atoms in an optical lattice, as well as certain magnetic insulators. Furthermore, it can be generalized and applied to Bose–Fermi mixtures, in which case the corresponding Hamiltonian is called the Bose–Fermi–Hubbard Hamiltonian.
Hamiltonian
The physics of this model is given by the Bose–Hubbard Hamiltonian:
.
Here, denotes summation over all neighboring lattice sites and , while and are bosonic creation and annihilation operators such that gives the number of particles on site . The model is parametrized by the hopping amplitude that describes boson mobility in the lattice, the on-site interaction which can be attractive () or repulsive (), and the chemical potential , which
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling
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Soiling may refer to:
Soiling (solar energy), the accumulation of material on light-collecting surfaces in solar energy systems
Fecal incontinence, a lack of control over defecation
Encopresis, involuntary fecal incontinence in children
Fecal leakage, a type of fecal incontinence in adults causing minor staining of undergarments
See also
Rectal discharge
Steatorrhea
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne%20McLaren
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Dame Anne Laura Dorinthea McLaren, (26 April 1927 – 7 July 2007) was a British scientist who was a leading figure in developmental biology. Her work helped lead to human in vitro fertilisation (IVF), and she received many honours for her contributions to science, including election as fellow of the Royal Society.
Early life
McLaren was the daughter of Sir Henry McLaren, 2nd Baron Aberconway, a former Liberal MP, and Christabel Mary Melville MacNaghten. She was born in London and lived there until the outbreak of World War II, when her family moved to their estate at Bodnant, North Wales. As a child she appeared in the film version of H.G. Wells' novel Things to Come, released in 1936. She was entitled to be referred to as "The Honourable Anne McLaren".
She read zoology at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, later gaining an MA. Researching mite infestation of Drosophila under J.B.S. Haldane, she continued her post-graduate studies at University College London from 1949, first under Peter Medawar on the genetics of rabbits and then on neurotropic murine viruses under Kingsley Sanders. She obtained her DPhil in 1952 and married fellow student Dr Donald Michie on 6 October 1952.
Early career and married life
As a couple, McLaren and Donald Michie worked together at University College London from 1952 to 1955, and afterwards at the Royal Veterinary College, on the variation in the number of lumbar vertebrae in mice as a function of maternal environment. McLaren would later take up re
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Clo%20Kaevats
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Ülo Kaevats (29 September 1947 – 30 January 2015) was an Estonian statesman, academic and philosopher.
In 1972, he graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Chemistry of the University of Tartu with a qualification from a physicist and a research philosopher. Kaevats obtained a PhD from Vilnius State University in Lithuania. He served for many years (1989–1992, 1995–2000) as editor-in-chief of the Estonian Encyclopaedia, the main national work of reference; earlier, he worked as a research fellow at the Estonian and the USSR Academies of Sciences, mostly in the History of Science field. Until 2011, when he became emeritus, he was professor and chair of philosophy at Tallinn University of Technology (TUT). As a scholar, Kaevats specialized in the Philosophy of Science and the Philosophy of Technology.
Between 1992 and 1995, during the beginning and re-establishment of independent Estonia, Kaevats served as Secretary of State (Riigisekretär; the most senior civil servant with Constitutional rank) of the Republic.
He died on 30 January 2015.
References
External links
Riigisekretärid 1918–2003
Rein Vihalemm, Peeter Müürsepp, Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen In Memoriam Professor Ülo Kaevats Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Spring 2015)
1947 births
2015 deaths
People from Hiiumaa Parish
Estonian scholars
Estonian philosophers
Recipients of the Order of the National Coat of Arms, 3rd Class
University of Tartu alumni
Academic staff of the Tallinn Uni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofton%20formula
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In mathematics, the Crofton formula, named after Morgan Crofton (1826–1915), is a classic result of integral geometry relating the length of a curve to the expected number of times a "random" line intersects it.
Statement
Suppose is a rectifiable plane curve. Given an oriented line ℓ, let (ℓ) be the number of points at which and ℓ intersect. We can parametrize the general line ℓ by the direction in which it points and its signed distance from the origin. The Crofton formula expresses the arc length of the curve in terms of an integral over the space of all oriented lines:
The differential form
is invariant under rigid motions of , so it is a natural integration measure for speaking of an "average" number of intersections. It is usually called the kinematic measure.
The right-hand side in the Crofton formula is sometimes called the Favard length.
In general, the space of oriented lines in is the tangent bundle of , and we can similarly define a kinematic measure on it, which is also invariant under rigid motions of . Then for any rectifiable surface of codimension 1, we have where
Proof sketch
Both sides of the Crofton formula are additive over concatenation of curves, so it suffices to prove the formula for a single line segment. Since the right-hand side does not depend on the positioning of the line segment, it must equal some function of the segment's length. Because, again, the formula is additive over concatenation of line segments, the integral must be a c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Pounder%20Whitney
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James Pounder Whitney (30 November 1857, in Marsden, West Yorkshire – 17 June 1939, in Cambridge) was a British ecclesiastical historian.
Educated at King James's Grammar School, Almondbury and Owens College, Manchester, he was a foundation scholar at King's College, Cambridge, gaining firsts in the mathematics and history triposes in 1881. A fellow of King's College, he was ordained an Anglican priest in 1895. After various clerical and teaching appointment, he was professor of ecclesiastical history at King's College London from 1908 to 1918. He was Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Cambridge from 1919 to 1939. He was joint editor of The Cambridge Medieval History from 1907 to 1922.
Works
The higher criticism: A sermon, together with an open letter to His Lordship the Bishop-Coadjutor of Montreal with reference to his Provincial Synod sermon (1904)
The Reformation: Being an Outline of the History of the Church from A. D. 1503 to A. D. 1648 (1907), later editions as History of the Reformation
Pope Gregory VII and the Hildebrandine ideal (1910)
The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume II: The Rise Of The Saracens And The Foundation Of The Western Empire (1913) editor with J. B. Bury and Henry Melvill Gwatkin
Hildebrandine Essays (1932)
Reformation Essays (1939)
References
C. W. Previté-Orton, ‘Whitney, James Pounder (1857–1939)’, rev. C. N. L. Brooke, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
1857 births
1939 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence%20Godfrey
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Laurence or Lawrence Godfrey may refer to:
Laurence Godfrey (physics lecturer) (born 1952), physicist, expert evidence in Internet-related litigation and litigant in Godfrey v. Demon
Larry Godfrey (Laurence Paul Godfrey, born 1976), Olympic archer
Lawrence Godfrey (Shortland Street)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence%20Godfrey%20%28physicist%29
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Dr. Laurence Godfrey (born 21 November 1952) was educated at the independent The Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School, at Westfield College, University of London (BSc Physics, first class honours, 1975) and at University College London (PhD, High Energy Nuclear Physics, 1982). He established a legal precedent for libel on Usenet, in the landmark Godfrey v Demon Internet Service case. He lives in France with his younger son Waylan and is unmarried, having twice been divorced. He is self-employed inter alia as an expert witness, consultant and technical adviser in Internet-related litigation.
History
In 1993 he and CERN colleague Phillip Hallam-Baker became immersed in a very public dispute on Usenet, which culminated in a libel action (settled out of court in Godfrey's favour).
Godfrey was a regular and controversial presence to the Usenet newsgroups soc.culture.british, soc.culture.canada, soc.culture.german and soc.culture.thai. His main topics of discourse there were the perceived and real shortcomings of the inhabitants of those countries.
He launched a series of court cases including Godfrey v Demon Internet Service. Godfrey has used Britain's strict libel laws to bring successful libel actions, suing in British courts a number of organizations based in other countries, including Cornell University and the University of Minnesota.
Libel cases
1995, Godfrey v. Hallam-Baker
1997, Godfrey v. Demon Internet
1998, Godfrey v. Cornell University/Dolenga
1998, Godfrey v. U
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthochromasia
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In chemistry, orthochromasia is the property of a dye or stain to not change color on binding to a target, as opposed to metachromatic stains, which change color. The word is derived from the Greek orthos (correct, upright), and chromatic (color). Toluidine blue is an example of a partially orthochromatic dye, as it stains nucleic acids by its orthochromatic color (blue), but stains mast cell granules in its metachromatic color (red).
In spectral terms, orthochromasia refers to maintaining the position of spectral peaks, while metachromasia refers to a shift in wavelength, becoming either shorter or longer.
In photography, an orthochromatic light spectrum is one devoid of red light.
In biology, orthochromatic refers to the greyish staining because of acidophilic and basophilic mixture in the cell.
Orthochromatic photography
Orthochromatic photography refers to a photographic emulsion that is sensitive to only blue and green light, and thus can be processed with a red safelight. The increased blue sensitivity causes blue objects to appear lighter, and red ones darker. A cyan lens filter (which removes red light) can be used with standard panchromatic film to produce a similar effect.
Orthochromatic films were first produced by Hermann Wilhelm Vogel in 1873 by adding small amounts of certain aniline-based dyes to photographic emulsions, which until that time had been sensitive to blue light only. This work was extended by others including Josef Maria Eder, who introduced
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s%20number
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In fluid dynamics the Eötvös number (Eo), also called the Bond number (Bo), is a dimensionless number
measuring the importance of gravitational forces compared to surface tension forces for the movement of liquid front. Alongside the Capillary number, commonly denoted , which represents the contribution of viscous drag, is useful for studying the movement of fluid in porous or granular media, such as soil. The Bond number (or Eötvös number) is also used (together with Morton number) to characterize the shape of bubbles or drops moving in a surrounding fluid. The two names used for this dimensionless term commemorate the Hungarian physicist Loránd Eötvös (1848–1919) and the English physicist Wilfrid Noel Bond (1897–1937), respectively. The term Eötvös number is more frequently used in Europe, while Bond number is commonly used in other parts of the world.
Definition
Describing the ratio of gravitational to capillary forces, the Eötvös or Bond number is given by the equation:
: difference in density of the two phases, (SI units: kg/m3)
g: gravitational acceleration, (SI units : m/s2)
L: characteristic length, (SI units : m) (for example the radii of curvature for a drop)
: surface tension, (SI units : N/m)
The Bond number can also be written as
where is the capillary length.
A high value of the Eötvös or Bond number indicates that the system is relatively unaffected by surface tension effects; a low value (typically less than one) indicates that surface tension dom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Kollman
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Peter Andrew Kollman (July 24, 1944–May 25, 2001) was a professor of chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of California, San Francisco.
He is known for his work in computational chemistry, molecular modeling and bioinformatics, especially for his role in the development of the AMBER force field and molecular dynamics software package.
Biography
Kollman obtained his B.A. from Grinnell College in 1966 and his M.A. and Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1967 and 1970 respectively. His PhD supervisor was Leland C. Allen, who had received his PhD in 1956 from MIT supervised by John C. Slater. After a post-doctoral position at the University of Cambridge with David Buckingham, Kollman was hired as an assistant professor by UCSF, where he spent the rest of his career.
In 1995, he was distinguished with the Computers in Chemistry Award from the American Chemical Society.
He was awarded the UCSF medal in 2018.
References
External links
Nature obituary of Peter Kollman
Biophysical Journal obituary of Peter Kollman
San Francisco Chronicle obituary of Peter Kollman
American Chemical Society Division of Computers in Chemistry obituary of Peter Kollman
UCSF today obituary of Peter Kollman
Peter Kollman at the Academic Family Tree
1944 births
2001 deaths
20th-century American chemists
University of California, San Francisco faculty
Computational chemists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%20Sager
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Ruth Sager (February 7, 1918 – March 29, 1997) was an American geneticist. Sager enjoyed two scientific careers. Her first was in the 1950s and 1960s when she pioneered the field of cytoplasmic genetics by discovering transmission of genetic traits through chloroplast DNA, the first known example of genetics not involving the cell nucleus. The academic community did not acknowledge the significance of her contribution until after the second wave of feminism in the 1970s. Her second career began in the early 1970s and was in cancer genetics; she proposed and investigated the roles of tumor suppressor genes.
Life
Sager was born on February 7, 1918, in Chicago, Illinois, one of three daughters of Leon B. Sager, an advertising executive, and Deborah Borovik Sager. Following Sager's birth, her mother died from the influenza epidemic of the time. Sager and her sisters, Esther and Naomi, were raised by their step mother Hannah. At 16 Sager had graduated from New Trier High school. After, she attended the University of Chicago and earned her S.B. in mammalian physiology in 1938. Following, she attended the Rutgers University and received her M.S. in plant physiology in 1944. During World War II Sager had left academia to work as a secretary and an apple farmer. Following the war Sager had received her Ph.D. in maize genetics from Columbia University under Marcus M. Rhodes. In 1944 she married Seymour Melman; in 1973 she married Arthur Pardee. She died of bladder cancer in Brookline
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobolev%20inequality
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In mathematics, there is in mathematical analysis a class of Sobolev inequalities, relating norms including those of Sobolev spaces. These are used to prove the Sobolev embedding theorem, giving inclusions between certain Sobolev spaces, and the Rellich–Kondrachov theorem showing that under slightly stronger conditions some Sobolev spaces are compactly embedded in others. They are named after Sergei Lvovich Sobolev.
Sobolev embedding theorem
Let denote the Sobolev space consisting of all real-valued functions on whose first weak derivatives are functions in . Here is a non-negative integer and . The first part of the Sobolev embedding theorem states that if , and are two real numbers such that
then
and the embedding is continuous. In the special case of and , Sobolev embedding gives
where is the Sobolev conjugate of , given by
This special case of the Sobolev embedding is a direct consequence of the Gagliardo–Nirenberg–Sobolev inequality. The result should be interpreted as saying that if a function in has one derivative in , then itself has improved local behavior, meaning that it belongs to the space where . (Note that , so that .) Thus, any local singularities in must be more mild than for a typical function in .
The second part of the Sobolev embedding theorem applies to embeddings in Hölder spaces . If and
with then one has the embedding
This part of the Sobolev embedding is a direct consequence of Morrey's inequality. Intuitively, this inclusio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Ivany
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J. W. George Ivany (born May 26, 1938) was President of the University of Saskatchewan from 1989 to 1999.
Biography
Born in Grand Falls-Windsor, Newfoundland and Labrador, he received a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry and physics from Memorial University of Newfoundland in 1960, a Master of Arts degree in physics education from Teachers College, Columbia University in 1962, and a Ph.D. in 1965 from the University of Alberta.
After teaching at the University of Alberta, he joined Columbia University as an associate professor in 1968 and was department head in 1973. From 1974 to 1977, he was professor and dean of education at Memorial University of Newfoundland. From 1977 to 1984, he was professor and dean of education at Simon Fraser University. He was acting president in 1983 and vice president, academic, from 1984 to 1989.
From 1989 to 1999, he was the seventh President of the University of Saskatchewan. He is credited with helping to determine the University as the location of the Canadian Light Source synchrotron in a competition that included the University of Western Ontario.
In 1999, he was appointed to the board of directors of Cameco, by then CEO Bernard Michel, and until retiring in 2011.
He served as the chair of the board of governors, Okanagan University College, from 2001 to 2003.
References
1938 births
Living people
Canadian university and college faculty deans
Canadian university and college vice-presidents
Teachers College, Columbia Univer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vavrinec%20Benedikt%20of%20Nedo%C5%BEery
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Vavrinec Benedikt of Nedožery (, or Nudožerinus, , ; 10 August 1555, Nedožery – 4 June 1615, Prague) was a Slovak mathematician, teacher, poet, translator, and philologist settled in Bohemia.
Biography
He studied in Jihlava and Prague. From 1604 he was active at the University of Prague where he taught classical philology and later mathematics. He was the dean and vice-rector of the university. He was involved in the development of Czech humanism.
He was the author of the first systematic Czech grammar (Grammaticae Bohemicae ad leges naturalis methodi conformatae, et notis numerisque illustratae ac distinctae, libri duo, 1603). He also drew attention to Slovak as a distinct language and urged Slovaks to cultivate their language decades before national linguistic revival.
See also
List of Czech writers
List of Slovak poets
References
1555 births
1615 deaths
17th-century Slovak people
17th-century Hungarian poets
17th-century people from Bohemia
17th-century mathematicians
17th-century poets
17th-century linguists
Czech mathematicians
Czech poets
Hungarian male poets
Czech male writers
Czech translators
Linguists from the Czech Republic
Slovak mathematicians
Hungarian mathematicians
Slovak poets
Slovak translators
Linguists from Slovakia
Czech people of Slovak descent
Czech people of Hungarian descent
People from Prievidza District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20azide
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Silver azide is the chemical compound with the formula . It is a silver(I) salt of hydrazoic acid. It forms a colorless crystals. Like most azides, it is a primary explosive.
Structure and chemistry
Silver azide can be prepared by treating an aqueous solution of silver nitrate with sodium azide. The silver azide precipitates as a white solid, leaving sodium nitrate in solution.
X-ray crystallography shows that is a coordination polymer with square planar coordinated by four azide ligands. Correspondingly, each end of each azide ligand is connected to a pair of centers. The structure consists of two-dimensional layers stacked one on top of the other, with weaker Ag–N bonds between layers. The coordination of can alternatively be described as highly distorted 4 + 2 octahedral, the two more distant nitrogen atoms being part of the layers above and below.
In its most characteristic reaction, the solid decomposes explosively, releasing nitrogen gas:
The first step in this decomposition is the production of free electrons and azide radicals; thus the reaction rate is increased by the addition of semiconducting oxides. Pure silver azide explodes at 340 °C, but the presence of impurities lowers this down to 270 °C. This reaction has a lower activation energy and initial delay than the corresponding decomposition of lead azide.
Safety
, like most heavy metal azides, is a dangerous primary explosive. Decomposition can be triggered by exposure to ultraviolet light or by impac
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20chlorate
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Silver chlorate (AgClO3) forms white, tetragonal crystals. Like all chlorates, it is water-soluble and an oxidizing agent. As a simple metal salt, it is a common chemical in basic inorganic chemistry experiments. It is light-sensitive, so it must be stored in tightly closed dark-coloured containers.
The substance exhibits blasting properties, therefore it is sometimes used as a primary explosive.
Silver(I) means silver is in its normal +1 oxidation state.
Production
Silver chlorate is produced by the reaction of silver nitrate with sodium chlorate to produce both silver chlorate and sodium nitrate.
Alternatively, it may be produced by the transmission of chlorine through a suspension of silver oxide.
See also
Silver chloride
Silver(I) fluoride
Silver(II) fluoride
Silver(I) nitrate
References
Chlorates
Silver compounds
Oxidizing agents
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehran%20Kardar
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Mehran Kardar (; born August 1957) is an Iranian born physicist and professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and co-faculty at the New England Complex Systems Institute (USA). He received his B.A. in physics from the University of Cambridge in 1979, and obtained his Ph.D. from MIT in 1983. Kardar is particularly known for the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) equation in theoretical physics, which has been named after him and collaborators. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2001.
Awards
1976–78 Exhibition – Senior Scholarship at King's College, Cambridge University
1978–79 Prizes based on performance in undergraduate (Tripos) exams
1981–82 IBM Predoctoral Fellowship
1983–86 Junior Fellowship, Harvard Society of Fellows
1987–91 A. P. Sloan Fellowship
1988 Fellow of Ashdown House (Graduate Dormitory), MIT
1988 Bergmann Memorial Research Award
1989 Presidential Young Investigator Award
1990 Graduate Student Departmental Teaching Award
1990–92 MIT Class of 1948 Professor (Career Development Chair)
1991 Edgerton Award for Junior Faculty Achievements at MIT
1992 The Beuchner Teaching Prize, Physics Department
1993 School of Science Prize in Graduate Teaching
2001 John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship
2007 Fellow, American Physical Society
2008 School of Science Prize in Graduate Teaching
2009 APS Outstanding Referee
2009 Elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2011 Francis Freidman Professor, Physics Department, MIT
2018 Elected membe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20%22Sundi%22%20Sundaresh
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Subramanian "Sundi" Sundaresh is an engineering executive.
Education
Sundaresh holds a B'Tech degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, a MS degree in electrical engineering from Cornell University, and an MBA from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
Career
S. "Sundi" Sundaresh held various positions at Hyundai Electronics, Hewlett-Packard, and National Semiconductor.
He spent a number of years at Adaptec over two separate periods. Initially Sundaresh served in a number of positions at Adaptec, including corporate vice-president and general manager for the Personal I/O division and corporate vice president of worldwide marketing.
Sundaresh was president and CEO of Jetstream Communications in July 1998 which pioneered voice over Internet Protocol technology. Jetstream ceased operations and assets were sold to Paradyne Networks in April 2002. He became the president and CEO of Candera Inc. (formerly Confluence Networks) in September 2002, which marketed a network storage controller. Candera went out of business by December 2004.
Sundaresh returned to Adaptec as the company's executive vice president of product development and worldwide marketing. In May 2005, he moved to the position of president of Adaptec, and in November 2005 became its CEO. He left the CEO position on 4 January 2010, but stayed on as one of Adaptec's consultants to help sell its operations.
Sundaresh was named to the board of directors of San
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tedder
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Tedder is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder, British air marshal
Constant Tedder, former Chief Executive Officer of Jagex Games Studio
Ernest Tedder (1915–1972), English cricketer
Henry Richard Tedder (1850–1924), English librarian
John Tedder, 2nd Baron Tedder, professor of Chemistry
Richard Tedder, English virologist and microbiologist
Ryan Tedder (born 1979), American singer-songwriter
Thomas Tedder, American immunologist
See also
Tedder, Florida
Tedder (machine), used in hay making
Teder, surname
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential%20space
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In topology and related fields of mathematics, a sequential space is a topological space whose topology can be completely characterized by its convergent/divergent sequences. They can be thought of as spaces that satisfy a very weak axiom of countability, and all first-countable spaces (especially metric spaces) are sequential.
In any topological space if a convergent sequence is contained in a closed set then the limit of that sequence must be contained in as well. This property is known as sequential closure. Sequential spaces are precisely those topological spaces for which sequentially closed sets are in fact closed. (These definitions can also be rephrased in terms of sequentially open sets; see below.) Said differently, any topology can be described in terms of nets (also known as Moore–Smith sequences), but those sequences may be "too long" (indexed by too large an ordinal) to compress into a sequence. Sequential spaces are those topological spaces for which nets of countable length (i.e., sequences) suffice to describe the topology.
Any topology can be refined (that is, made finer) to a sequential topology, called the sequential coreflection of
The related concepts of Fréchet–Urysohn spaces, -sequential spaces, and -sequential spaces are also defined in terms of how a space's topology interacts with sequences, but have subtly different properties.
Sequential spaces and -sequential spaces were introduced by S. P. Franklin.
History
Although spa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive%20power%20%28computer%20science%29
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In computer science, the expressive power (also called expressiveness or expressivity) of a language is the breadth of ideas that can be represented and communicated in that language. The more expressive a language is, the greater the variety and quantity of ideas it can be used to represent.
For example, the Web Ontology Language expression language profile (OWL2 EL) lacks ideas (such as negation) that can be expressed in OWL2 RL (rule language). OWL2 EL may therefore be said to have less expressive power than OWL2 RL. These restrictions allow for more efficient (polynomial time) reasoning in OWL2 EL than in OWL2 RL. So OWL2 EL trades some expressive power for more efficient reasoning (processing of the knowledge representation language).
Information description
The term expressive power may be used with a range of meaning. It may mean a measure of the ideas expressible in that language:
regardless of ease (theoretical expressivity)
concisely and readily (practical expressivity)
The first sense dominates in areas of mathematics and logic that deal with the formal description of languages and their meaning, such as formal language theory, mathematical logic and process algebra.
In informal discussions, the term often refers to the second sense, or to both. This is often the case when discussing programming languages. Efforts have been made to formalize these informal uses of the term.
The notion of expressive power is always relative to a particular kind of thing th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oussama%20Mellouli
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Oussama "Ous" Mellouli (; born 16 February 1984) is a Tunisian swimmer who competes in the freestyle and medley events. He is a three-time Olympic medalist, is an African record holder, and trains with the USC Trojans team based at the University of Southern California, where he studied as a computer science undergraduate and swam collegiately.
Since returning from an Adderall-related drugs ban, Oussama Mellouli was the 1500 m freestyle World champion at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships with a winning time of 14:37.28, then the second-best performance of all time. Mellouli was the gold medalist in the 1500 freestyle at the 2008 Olympics, the bronze medalist in the 1500 freestyle at the 2012 Olympics, and the gold medalist in the 10 km marathon swim at the 2012 Olympics. He is the first Olympian to win medals in both the open water and the pool in a single Olympics.
Biography
Born in Tunis, Mellouli left Tunisia at the age of 15 to study and train in France. He enrolled in USC Viterbi School of Engineering in 2003 after graduating from the Lycee Technologique du Rempart in Marseille, France. He swam for the USC Trojans and graduated in 2007 with a computer science bachelor's degree. He is a scholarship holder with the Olympic Solidarity program.
Swimming timeline
2000 Olympics
At the 2000 Olympics, he finished 43rd in the 400 IM.
2001
Mellouli won 1 silver medal in the 400m IM at the 2001 Mediterranean Games, in Tunis, Tunisia.
2003
Mellouli first established himsel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Rubin
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Arthur Leonard Rubin (born 1956) is an American mathematician and aerospace engineer. He was named a Putnam Fellow on four consecutive occasions from 1970 to 1973.
Life and career
Rubin's mother was Jean E. Rubin, a professor of mathematics at Purdue University, and his father was Herman Rubin, a professor of statistics at the same university. Arthur co-authored his first paper with his mother in 1969 at the age of 13. He earned his Ph.D. at the California Institute of Technology in 1978, under the direction of Alexander S. Kechris.
Rubin unsuccessfully stood as a Libertarian to represent the 55th district in the 1984 California State Assembly elections.
Awards and honors
As an undergraduate, Rubin was named a Putnam Fellow on four occasions, the first time in 1970, aged 14, making him the youngest Fellow to date. In 1972, he tied for third place in the first USA Mathematical Olympiad.
In 1974, Rubin was the subject of an article in the Madison Capital Times, in which his Caltech undergraduate advisor was quoted as saying that someone of Rubin's ability appeared in the United States "about once in every ten years".
Publications
Rubin's dissertation was entitled Free Algebras in Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel Set Theory and Positive Elementary Inductions in Reasonable Structures. In 1979, Rubin co-authored a paper on list coloring of graphs with Paul Erdős, giving him an Erdős number of 1.
References
1956 births
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-cen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny%20Harrison
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Jenny Harrison is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley.
Education and career
Harrison grew up in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. On graduating from the University of Alabama, she won a Marshall Scholarship which she used to fund her graduate studies at the University of Warwick. She completed her doctorate there in 1975, supervised by Christopher Zeeman. Hassler Whitney was her postdoctoral adviser at the Institute for Advanced Study, and she was also one of the Miller Research Fellows at Berkeley. She was on the tenured faculty at the University of Oxford (Somerville College) from 1978 to 1981, before returning to Berkeley as an assistant professor.
In 1986, after being denied tenure at Berkeley, Harrison filed a lawsuit based on gender discrimination. Stephen Smale and Robion Kirby were the most vocal opponents to her receiving tenure during the case, while Morris Hirsch and James Yorke were her most vocal supporters. The 1993 settlement led to a new review of her work by a panel of seven mathematicians and science faculty who unanimously recommended tenure as a full professor.
Research contributions
Harrison specializes in geometric analysis and areas in the intersection of algebra, geometry, and geometric measure theory. She introduced and developed with collaborators a theory of generalized functions called differential chains that unifies an infinitesimal calculus with the classical theory of the smooth continuum, a long outstanding problem.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Bourns
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Arthur Newcombe Bourns, (December 8, 1919 – May 29, 2015) was a professor of chemistry and a university administrator with a long association with McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. He was professor emeritus and president emeritus of that institution. He was born in Petitcodiac, New Brunswick and was educated at Acadia University and McGill University, graduating in 1944 with a doctorate in Chemistry.
In 1947, he joined the department of chemistry at McMaster University as an assistant professor, after teaching at Acadia University and the University of Saskatchewan. He had begun his career as a research chemist in 1944 at the Dominion Rubber Company.
Bourns became a full professor at McMaster in 1953 and served as both a chairman and a dean before becoming vice-president of science and engineering in 1967. In 1972 he was appointed president of the university, a post he held until 1980. He had a distinguished academic career, becoming a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1964 and serving as a member of the National Research Council, 1969–1975. Bourns has received five honorary degrees and was made an officer of the Order of Canada in 1982. He married Marion Blakney and the couple had four children.
References
McMaster University fonds
Arthur Bourns at The Canadian Encyclopedia
1919 births
Acadia University alumni
Canadian university and college chief executives
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Academic staff of McMaster University
Officers of the Or
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge%20E.%20Hirsch
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Jorge Eduardo Hirsch (born 1953) is an Argentine American professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego. Hirsch received a PhD in physics from the University of Chicago in 1980 and completed his postdoctoral research at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1983. He is known for inventing the h-index in 2005, an index for quantifying a scientist's publication productivity and the basis of several scholar indices.
Background
Hirsch was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He earned an undergraduate degree at the University of Buenos Aires, and a CONICET research fellowship in 1975. A Fulbright Scholarship awarded to him in 1976 took him to the University of Chicago, where he received a Telegdi Prize for the best Candidacy Examination in 1977 and was awarded the Victor J. Andrew Memorial Fellowship in 1978. He received his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1980 and served as a post-doctoral research associate in the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Following this experience, he joined the University of California, San Diego Department of Physics in 1983.
Research
Physics
Hirsch's scientific work is involved with understanding collective, large-scale properties of solids, such as superconductivity and ferromagnetism, based on explanations starting from small-scale mechanisms. Hirsch's most significant work would be his attempt to unify theories of s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint%20Policy%20Board%20for%20Mathematics
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The Joint Policy Board for Mathematics (JPBM) consists of the American Mathematical Society, the American Statistical Association, the Mathematical Association of America, and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
The Board has nearly 55,000 mathematicians and scientists who are members of the four organizations.
Each April, the JPBM celebrates Mathematics and Statistics Awareness Month (previously, the month was called Mathematics Awareness Month) to increase public understanding of and appreciation for mathematics and statistics. The event was renamed by the JPBM in 2017. To simplify coordination efforts, the JPBM also decided in 2017 that there will no longer be an annual assigned theme for the month. This celebration of mathematics, and now mathematics and statistics, began as Mathematics Awareness Week in 1986.
JPBM Communications Award
Each January at the Joint Mathematics Meeting the JPBM gives its Communications Award to a journalist or other communicator for bringing accurate mathematical information to non-mathematical audiences.
JPBM Communications Award winners
2023: Grant Sanderson and Jordan Ellenberg
2022: Talithia Williams
2021: John Bailer, Richard Campbell, Rosemary Pennington, and Erica Klarreich
2020: Christopher Budd and James Tanton
2019: Margot Lee Shetterly
2018: Vi Hart and Matt Parker
2017: Siobhan Roberts, for Expository and Popular Books, and Arthur T. Benjamin, for Public Outreach
2016: Simon Singh, for Expository and Popular B
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RICE%20chart
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An ICE table or RICE box or RICE chart is a tabular system of keeping track of changing concentrations in an equilibrium reaction. ICE stands for initial, change, equilibrium. It is used in chemistry to keep track of the changes in amount of substance of the reactants and also organize a set of conditions that one wants to solve with. Some sources refer to a RICE table (or box or chart) where the added R stands for the reaction to which the table refers. Others simply call it a concentration table (for the acid–base equilibrium).
Example
To illustrate the processes, consider the case of dissolving a weak acid, HA, in water. The pH can be calculated using an ICE table. Note that in this example, we are assuming that the acid is not very weak, and that the concentration is not very dilute, so that the concentration of [OH−] ions can be neglected. This is equivalent to the assumption that the final pH will be below about 6 or so. See pH calculations for more details.
First write down the equilibrium expression.
HA <=> {A^-} + {H+}
The columns of the table correspond to the three species in equilibrium.
The first row shows the reaction, which some authors label R and some leave blank.
The second row, labeled I, has the initial conditions: the nominal concentration of acid is Ca and it is initially undissociated, so the concentrations of A− and H+ are zero.
The third row, labeled C, specifies the change that occurs during the reaction. When the acid dissociates, its con
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz%20Nixdorf
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Heinz Nixdorf (April 9, 1925 – March 17, 1986) was a German computing pioneer, businessman and founder of Nixdorf Computer AG.
Nixdorf was born in Paderborn, Germany.
The 27-year-old Nixdorf, at the time a physics student, founded his first computer company in 1952. As the owner, he led this company to become an international electronics company with revenues of almost four billion Deutsche Mark at its peak. His microcomputers were competitors to IBM mainframes. Nixdorf is remembered as one of the entrepreneurs who, in the 1950s to 1970s, symbolized the German economic miracle. He was also an ambitious athlete and is remembered for his efforts to provide good education to his employees. He succumbed to a heart attack in 1986 at the CeBIT in Hanover.
Early life
Nixdorf was born on April 9, 1925, as the oldest child of five. He went to a Catholic board school where he first showed his talent for mathematics and science. Due to his father's unemployment during the 1920s and 30s, his childhood was defined by poverty. Achieving good grades in school, he was offered a scholarship to become a teacher. Uninterested in becoming that career, Nixdorf wrote a letter to the Ministry of Education in Berlin. As a result, he was granted permission to attend the Reismann-Gymnasium in Paderborn starting in 1941. In 1942, Nixdorf was drafted by the Wehrmacht and served on the Eastern Front. He completed his education in 1947, receiving the Abitur.
Education
With the aid of a scholarship, Ni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wien%20approximation
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Wien's approximation (also sometimes called Wien's law or the Wien distribution law) is a law of physics used to describe the spectrum of thermal radiation (frequently called the blackbody function). This law was first derived by Wilhelm Wien in 1896. The equation does accurately describe the short-wavelength (high-frequency) spectrum of thermal emission from objects, but it fails to accurately fit the experimental data for long-wavelength (low-frequency) emission.
Details
Wien derived his law from thermodynamic arguments, several years before Planck introduced the quantization of radiation.
Wien's original paper did not contain the Planck constant. In this paper, Wien took the wavelength of black-body radiation and combined it with the Maxwell–Boltzmann energy distribution for atoms. The exponential curve was created by the use of Euler's number e raised to the power of the temperature multiplied by a constant. Fundamental constants were later introduced by Max Planck.
The law may be written as
(note the simple exponential frequency dependence of this approximation) or, by introducing natural Planck units,
where:
This equation may also be written as
where is the amount of energy per unit surface area per unit time per unit solid angle per unit wavelength emitted at a wavelength λ.
The peak value of this curve, as determined by setting the derivative of the equation equal to zero and solving, occurs at
a wavelength
and frequency
Relation to Planck's law
The
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20cassette
|
In biology, a gene cassette is a type of mobile genetic element that contains a gene and a recombination site. Each cassette usually contains a single gene and tends to be very small; on the order of 500–1000 base pairs. They may exist incorporated into an integron or freely as circular DNA. Gene cassettes can move around within an organism's genome or be transferred to another organism in the environment via horizontal gene transfer. These cassettes often carry antibiotic resistance genes. An example would be the kanMX cassette which confers kanamycin (an antibiotic) resistance upon bacteria.
Integrons
Integrons are genetic structures in bacteria which express and are capable of acquiring and exchanging gene cassettes. The integron consists of a promoter, an attachment site, and an integrase gene that encodes a site-specific recombinase There are three classes of integrons described. The mobile units that insert into integrons are gene cassettes. For cassettes that carry a single gene without a promoter, the entire series of cassettes is transcribed from an adjacent promoter within the integron. The gene cassettes are speculated to be inserted and excised via a circular intermediate. This would involve recombination between short sequences found at their termini and known as 59 base elements (59-be)—which may not be 59 bases long. The 59-be are a diverse family of sequences that function as recognition sites for the site-specific integrase (enzyme responsible for integra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint%20Committee%20on%20Atomic%20and%20Molecular%20Physical%20Data
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The Joint Committee on Atomic and Molecular Physical Data (JCAMP) defined several JCAMP-DX (JCAMP-data exchange) file formats in chemistry. IUPAC took over the responsibility of maintaining and extending the JCAMP-DX standards from JCAMP in 1995.
References
External links
IUPAC CPEP The Subcommittee on Cheminformatics Data Standards (SCDS)
Joint committees
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwak%20Jae-yong
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Kwak Jae-yong (born 22 May 1959) is a South Korean film director and screenwriter. He studied physics at Kyung Hee University. He achieved success with his debut film Watercolor Painting in a Rainy Day in 1989, but the failure of his next two movies led to eight years of unemployment before a comeback with the smash-hit film My Sassy Girl in 2001. He is known for his limitless fondness of love stories set in a mix of different genres.
Filmography
Watercolor Painting in a Rainy Day (1989) – director & writer
Autumn Trip (1992) – director & writer
Watercolor Painting in a Rainy Day 2 (1993) – director & writer
My Sassy Girl (2001) – director & writer
The Romantic President (2002) – writer
The Classic (2003) – director & writer
Windstruck (2004) – director & writer
Ark (2004) – story
My Girl and I (2005) – writer
Daisy (2006) – writer
My Mighty Princess (2008) – director & writer
Cyborg She (2008) – director & writer
All About Women (2008) – writer/cameo appearance
Meet Miss Anxiety (2014) – director
Crying Out in Love (2016) – director & writer
Time Renegades (2016) – director
Colours of Wind (2017) – director & writer
A Year-End Medley (2021) – director
Awards
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
Kyung Hee University alumni
South Korean film directors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HFA
|
HFA may stand for:
Arts and entertainment
Harry Fox Agency, a provider of rights management for music publishers in the US
High-fidelity audio, a quality of sound reproduction
Honolulu Film Awards
The High Fructose Adventures of Annoying Orange, a US television show
Chemistry
Hexafluoroacetone, a colorless gas
Hydrofluoroalkane, a refrigerant chosen to replace Freon-12
Schools
Henry Ford Academy, a charter school in the US
Holy Family Academy (Philippines), a Catholic educational institution in Angeles City
Hume-Fogg High School, in Nashville, Tennessee, US
Other uses
Haifa Airport, in Haifa, Israel (IATA code HFA)
High-functioning alcoholic, a person that maintains jobs and relationships while exhibiting alcoholism
High-functioning autism
Hillary for America, the name of Hillary Rodham Clinton's campaign committee in the 2016 U.S. presidential election
Humphrey field analyser, a tool for measuring the human visual field
Hyogo Framework for Action, a United Nations ten-year plan for disaster resilience
New York State Housing Finance Agency
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom%20permutation
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In cryptography, a pseudorandom permutation (PRP) is a function that cannot be distinguished from a random permutation (that is, a permutation selected at random with uniform probability, from the family of all permutations on the function's domain) with practical effort.
Definition
Let F be a mapping . F is a PRP if and only if
For any , is a bijection from to , where .
For any , there is an "efficient" algorithm to evaluate for any ,.
For all probabilistic polynomial-time distinguishers : , where is chosen uniformly at random and is chosen uniformly at random from the set of permutations on n-bit strings.
A pseudorandom permutation family is a collection of pseudorandom permutations, where a specific permutation may be chosen using a key.
The model of block ciphers
The idealized abstraction of a (keyed) block cipher is a truly random permutation on the mappings between plaintext and ciphertext. If a distinguishing algorithm exists that achieves significant advantage with less effort than specified by the block cipher's security parameter (this usually means the effort required should be about the same as a brute force search through the cipher's key space), then the cipher is considered broken at least in a certificational sense, even if such a break doesn't immediately lead to a practical security failure.
Modern ciphers are expected to have super pseudorandomness.
That is, the cipher should be indistinguishable from a randomly chosen permutation on the same
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20chemical%20methods%20in%20solid-state%20physics
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Computational chemical methods in solid-state physics follow the same approach as they do for molecules, but with two differences. First, the translational symmetry of the solid has to be utilised, and second, it is possible to use completely delocalised basis functions such as plane waves as an alternative to the molecular atom-centered basis functions. The electronic structure of a crystal is in general described by a band structure, which defines the energies of electron orbitals for each point in the Brillouin zone. Ab initio and semi-empirical calculations yield orbital energies, therefore they can be applied to band structure calculations. Since it is time-consuming to calculate the energy for a molecule, it is even more time-consuming to calculate them for the entire list of points in the Brillouin zone.
Calculations can use the Hartree–Fock method, some post-Hartree–Fock methods, particularly Møller–Plesset perturbation theory to second order (MP2) and density functional theory (DFT).
See also
List of quantum chemistry and solid-state physics software
References
Computational Chemistry, David Young, Wiley-Interscience, 2001. Chapter 41, pg 318. The extensive references in that chapter provide further reading on this topic.
Computational Chemistry and molecular modeling Principles and applications,K.I.Ramachandran, G.Deepa and Krishnan namboori P.K., Springer-Verlag GmbH
Computational chemistry
Theoretical chemistry
Computational science
Condensed matter physic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-empirical%20quantum%20chemistry%20method
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Semi-empirical quantum chemistry methods are based on the Hartree–Fock formalism, but make many approximations and obtain some parameters from empirical data. They are very important in computational chemistry for treating large molecules where the full Hartree–Fock method without the approximations is too expensive. The use of empirical parameters appears to allow some inclusion of electron correlation effects into the methods.
Within the framework of Hartree–Fock calculations, some pieces of information (such as two-electron integrals) are sometimes approximated or completely omitted. In order to correct for this loss, semi-empirical methods are parametrized, that is their results are fitted by a set of parameters, normally in such a way as to produce results that best agree with experimental data, but sometimes to agree with ab initio results.
Type of simplifications used
Semi-empirical methods follow what are often called empirical methods where the two-electron part of the Hamiltonian is not explicitly included. For π-electron systems, this was the Hückel method proposed by Erich Hückel. For all valence electron systems, the extended Hückel method was proposed by Roald Hoffmann.
Semi-empirical calculations are much faster than their ab initio counterparts, mostly due to the use of the zero differential overlap approximation. Their results, however, can be very wrong if the molecule being computed is not similar enough to the molecules in the database used to parametr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%20initio%20quantum%20chemistry%20methods
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Ab initio quantum chemistry methods are computational chemistry methods based on quantum chemistry. The term was first used in quantum chemistry by Robert Parr and coworkers, including David Craig in a semiempirical study on the excited states of benzene. The background is described by Parr. Ab initio means "from first principles" or "from the beginning", implying that the only inputs into an ab initio calculation are physical constants. Ab initio quantum chemistry methods attempt to solve the electronic Schrödinger equation given the positions of the nuclei and the number of electrons in order to yield useful information such as electron densities, energies and other properties of the system. The ability to run these calculations has enabled theoretical chemists to solve a range of problems and their importance is highlighted by the awarding of the Nobel prize to John Pople and Walter Kohn.
Accuracy and scaling
Ab initio electronic structure methods aim to calculate the many electron function which is the solution of the non-relativistic electronic Schrödinger equation (in the Born–Oppenheimer approximation). The many electron function is generally a linear combination of many simpler electron functions with the dominant function being the Hartree-Fock function. Each of these simple functions are then approximated using only one-electron functions. The one-electron functions are then expanded as a linear combination of a finite set of basis functions. This approach has th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tak%20%28function%29
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In computer science, the Tak function is a recursive function, named after Ikuo Takeuchi (:ja:竹内郁雄). It is defined as follows:
def tak(x, y, z):
if y < x:
return tak(
tak(x-1, y, z),
tak(y-1, z, x),
tak(z-1, x, y)
)
else:
return z
This function is often used as a benchmark for languages with optimization for recursion.
tak() vs. tarai()
The original definition by Takeuchi was as follows:
def tarai(x, y, z):
if y < x:
return tarai(
tarai(x-1, y, z),
tarai(y-1, z, x),
tarai(z-1, x, y)
)
else:
return y # not z!
tarai is short for たらい回し tarai mawashi, "to pass around" in Japanese.
John McCarthy named this function tak() after Takeuchi.
However, in certain later references, the y somehow got turned into the z. This is a small, but significant difference because the original version benefits significantly from lazy evaluation.
Though written in exactly the same manner as others, the Haskell code below runs much faster.
tarai :: Int -> Int -> Int -> Int
tarai x y z
| x <= y = y
| otherwise = tarai (tarai (x-1) y z)
(tarai (y-1) z x)
(tarai (z-1) x y)
One can easily accelerate this function via memoization yet lazy evaluation still wins.
The best known way to optimize tarai is to use mutually recursive helper function as follows.
def laziest_tarai(x, y, zx, zy, zz):
if not
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicon
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Applicon, Incorporated was one of the first manufacturers of Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. It was co-founded in 1969 in Bedford, Massachusetts by four founders working at the MIT Lincoln Lab: Fontaine Richardson who earned a Ph.D. degree in computer science from the University of Illinois in 1968, Gary Hornbuckle who had received a Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley, and Richard N. Spann and Harry Lee who received degrees from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Gary Hornbuckle was President of Applicon until it was sold to Schlumberger. During the 1970s and early 1980s, the company had its headquarters and R&D facility in Burlington, Massachusetts, while its manufacturing facility was in Billerica, Massachusetts. Applicon was acquired by Schlumberger in 1980, at which point Richardson and Hornbuckle left the company. At the time, Applicon had over $100 million in annual revenue.
In 1986 Schlumberger management combined its Applicon division with another entity which it had acquired, Manufacturing Data Systems, Inc. (MDSI), to create the Schlumberger CAD/CAM division, siting its main office in Ann Arbor, Michigan. In 1993, Schlumberger sold this division to Gore Enterprises, and in turn Gore sold it in 1999 to UGS Corp., a 1996 spin-off of Electronic Data Systems, which was later acquired by Siemens AG.
Early systems
Early Applicon products (circa 1970s) ran on DEC PDP-11 minicomputers. Applicon modified the DEC operating system,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPC
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JPC can refer to:
Joint Parliamentary Committee in India
JPC (emulator), Java PC
JPC (retailer) a German web-retailer of Jazz, Pop und Classic and now also books
The Johnson Publishing Company, publishers of Ebony and Jet magazines
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, formerly Journal of Physics C, a peer-reviewed scientific journal
Joseph Priestley College a former further education college in Leeds, England
Jesmond Parish Church in Newcastle upon Tyne, England
John Paul College (Brisbane) in Queensland, Australia
Junior Police Call, an organization founded by Hong Kong Police targeted at the youth
John Paul McQueen and Craig Dean, a fictional gay couple in Hollyoaks
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cai%20Yong
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Cài Yōng (Chinese: ; 132/133 – June 192), courtesy name Bojie, was Chinese astronomer, calligrapher, historian, mathematician, musician, politician, and writer of the Eastern Han dynasty. He was well-versed in calligraphy, music, mathematics and astronomy. One of his daughters, Cai Yan / Cai Wenji, was also a famous poet and musician.
Early life
Cai Yong was born in a substantial local family in Yu County (), Chenliu Commandery (), which is around present-day Qi County, Kaifeng, Henan. The Cai family had a reputation of not having their territory divided for three generations. When his father Cai Leng () died, Cai Yong lived with his uncle Cai Zhi () while taking great care for his own mother for her last three years. When she died, Cai Yong became known for his arrangement of his mother's tomb. After that, Cai Yong studied composition, mathematics, astronomy, pitch-pipes and music under Hu Guang (), one of the highest-ranking officials in the Han imperial court.
Service under Emperor Ling
In the early 160s, Cai Yong was recommended to Emperor Huan ( 146–168) by the senior eunuchs for his skill with the drums and the guqin. On his way to the capital, Cai Yong feigned illness to return home to study in seclusion. Ten years later in the early 170s, Cai Yong served as a clerk under the official Qiao Xuan, who greatly admired his abilities. Afterwards, Cai Yong served as a county magistrate and then a Consultant in the capital, in charge of editing and collating the text in the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatou%E2%80%93Bieberbach%20domain
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In mathematics, a Fatou–Bieberbach domain is a proper subdomain of , biholomorphically equivalent to . That is, an open set is called a Fatou–Bieberbach domain if there exists a bijective holomorphic function whose inverse function is holomorphic. It is well-known that the inverse can not be polynomial.
History
As a consequence of the Riemann mapping theorem, there are no Fatou–Bieberbach domains in the case n = 1.
Pierre Fatou and Ludwig Bieberbach first explored such domains in higher dimensions in the 1920s, hence the name given to them later. Since the 1980s, Fatou–Bieberbach domains have again become the subject of mathematical research.
References
Fatou, Pierre: "Sur les fonctions méromorphes de deux variables. Sur certains fonctions uniformes de deux variables." C.R. Paris 175 (1922)
Bieberbach, Ludwig: "Beispiel zweier ganzer Funktionen zweier komplexer Variablen, welche eine schlichte volumtreue Abbildung des auf einen Teil seiner selbst vermitteln". Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sitzungsberichte (1933)
Rosay, J.-P. and Rudin, W: "Holomorphic maps from to ". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 310 (1988)
Several complex variables
Inverse functions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug%20Lea
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Douglas S. Lea is a professor of computer science and current head of the computer science department at State University of New York at Oswego, where he specializes in concurrent programming and the design of concurrent data structures. He was on the Executive Committee of the Java Community Process and chaired JSR 166, which added concurrency utilities to the Java programming language (see Java concurrency). On October 22, 2010, Doug Lea notified the Java Community Process Executive Committee he would not stand for reelection. Lea was re-elected as an at-large member for the 2012 OpenJDK governing board.
Publications
He wrote Concurrent Programming in Java: Design Principles and Patterns, one of the first books about the subject. It is currently in its second edition. He is also the author of dlmalloc, a widely used public-domain implementation of malloc.
Awards
In 2010, he won the senior Dahl-Nygaard Prize.
In 2013, he became a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
Bibliography
Concurrent Programming in Java: Design Principles and Patterns, first edition: 1997; second edition: , 1999
Java Concurrency in Practice, , 2006 (co-authored with Joshua Bloch, Brian Goetz, Tim Peierls, Joseph Bowbeer, and David Holmes)
References
External links
Doug Lea's home page
Concurrent Programming in Java: Design Principles and Patterns
Java Community Process Executive Committee
JSR 166: Concurrency Utilities
American computer scientists
American computer programmers
Y
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katy%20Payne
|
Katharine Boynton "Katy" Payne (born 1937) is an American zoologist and researcher in the Bioacoustics Research Program at the Laboratory of Ornithology at Cornell University. Payne studied music and biology in college and after a decade doing research in the savanna elephant country in Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Namibia, she founded Cornell's Elephant Listening Project in 1999.
Early life and education
Payne was born Katharine Boynton in Ithaca, New York, in 1937. Her father was a Cornell University professor and her grandfather was the wildlife illustrator Louis Agassiz Fuertes. Payne attended Cornell, where she met Roger Payne, then a graduate student. They married in 1960.
Career
Initially a researcher of whales with her then husband, Payne turned to investigating elephants after observing them at the Oregon Zoo in Portland. In 1984, she and other researchers discovered that elephants make infrasonic calls to one another that might be detectable at distances as far as ten kilometers. The calls aided in travel and mating. Payne founded the Elephant Listening Project (ELP) to use these calls as a means of measuring the behavior of elephants and the size of the elephant population. Payne was featured in the 1984 PBS series The Voyage of the Mimi.
In 2004, Payne's initial recordings of elephants were selected as one of 50 recordings chosen that year by the Library of Congress to be added to the National Recording Registry.
Whale song research
Payne and her husband worked at
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/183%20%28number%29
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183 (one hundred [and] eighty-three) is the natural number following 182 and preceding 184.
In mathematics
183 is a perfect totient number, a number that is equal to the sum of its iterated totients
Because , it is the number of points in a projective plane over the finite field . 183 is the fourth element of a divisibility sequence in which the th number can be computed as
for a transcendental number . This sequence counts the number of trees of height in which each node can have at most two children.
There are 183 different semiorders on four labeled elements.
See also
The year AD 183 or 183 BC
List of highways numbered 183
References
Integers
183
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical%20field%20theory
|
In theoretical physics, statistical field theory (SFT) is a theoretical framework that describes phase transitions. It does not denote a single theory but encompasses many models, including for magnetism, superconductivity, superfluidity, topological phase transition, wetting as well as non-equilibrium phase transitions. A SFT is any model in statistical mechanics where the degrees of freedom comprise a field or fields. In other words, the microstates of the system are expressed through field configurations. It is closely related to quantum field theory, which describes the quantum mechanics of fields, and shares with it many techniques, such as the path integral formulation and renormalization.
If the system involves polymers, it is also known as polymer field theory.
In fact, by performing a Wick rotation from Minkowski space to Euclidean space, many results of statistical field theory can be applied directly to its quantum equivalent. The correlation functions of a statistical field theory are called Schwinger functions, and their properties are described by the Osterwalder–Schrader axioms.
Statistical field theories are widely used to describe systems in polymer physics or biophysics, such as polymer films, nanostructured block copolymers or polyelectrolytes.
Notes
References
External links
Problems in Statistical Field Theory
Particle and Polymer Field Theory Group
Applied mathematics
Mathematical physics
Quantum field theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20biology
|
Soil biology is the study of microbial and faunal activity and ecology in soil.
Soil life, soil biota, soil fauna, or edaphon is a collective term that encompasses all organisms that spend a significant portion of their life cycle within a soil profile, or at the soil-litter interface.
These organisms include earthworms, nematodes, protozoa, fungi, bacteria, different arthropods, as well as some reptiles (such as snakes), and species of burrowing mammals like gophers, moles and prairie dogs. Soil biology plays a vital role in determining many soil characteristics. The decomposition of organic matter by soil organisms has an immense influence on soil fertility, plant growth, soil structure, and carbon storage. As a relatively new science, much remains unknown about soil biology and its effect on soil ecosystems.
Overview
The soil is home to a large proportion of the world's biodiversity. The links between soil organisms and soil functions are complex. The interconnectedness and complexity of this soil ‘food web’ means any appraisal of soil function must necessarily take into account interactions with the living communities that exist within the soil. We know that soil organisms break down organic matter, making nutrients available for uptake by plants and other organisms. The nutrients stored in the bodies of soil organisms prevent nutrient loss by leaching. Microbial exudates act to maintain soil structure, and earthworms are important in bioturbation. However, we find tha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpentine%20shape
|
A serpentine shape is any of certain curved shapes of an object or design, which are suggestive of the shape of a snake (the adjective "serpentine" is derived from the word serpent). Serpentine shapes occur in architecture, in furniture, and in mathematics.
In architecture and urban design
The serpentine shape is observed in many architectural settings. It may provide strength, as in serpentine walls, it may allow the facade of a building to face in multiple directions, or it may be chosen for purely aesthetic reasons.
At the University of Virginia, serpentine walls (crinkle crankle walls) extend down the length of the main lawn at the University of Virginia and flank both sides of the rotunda. They are one of the many structures Thomas Jefferson created that combine aesthetics with utility. The sinusoidal path of the wall provides strength against toppling over, allowing the wall to be only a single brick thick.
At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Baker House dormitory has a serpentine shape which allows most rooms a view of the Charles River, and gives many of the rooms a wedge-shaped layout.
At San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome, Italy (The Church of Saint Charles at the Four Fountains), designed by Francesco Borromini, is a serpentine facade constructed towards the end of Borromini's life. The concave-convex facade of the church undulates in a non-classic way. Tall Corinthian columns stand on plinths and support the main entablatures; these define the m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhardt%20cardinal
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In set theory, a branch of mathematics, a Reinhardt cardinal is a kind of large cardinal. Reinhardt cardinals are considered under ZF (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory without the Axiom of Choice), because they are inconsistent with ZFC (ZF with the Axiom of Choice). They were suggested by American mathematician William Nelson Reinhardt (1939–1998).
Definition
A Reinhardt cardinal is the critical point of a non-trivial elementary embedding of into itself.
This definition refers explicitly to the proper class . In standard ZF, classes are of the form for some set and formula . But it was shown in
that no such class is an elementary embedding . So Reinhardt cardinals are inconsistent with this notion of class.
There are other formulations of Reinhardt cardinals which are not known to be inconsistent. One is to add a new function symbol to the language of ZF, together with axioms stating that is an elementary embedding of , and Separation and Collection axioms for all formulas involving . Another is to use a class theory such as NBG or KM, which admit classes which need not be definable in the sense above.
Kunen's inconsistency theorem
proved his inconsistency theorem, showing that the existence of an elementary embedding contradicts NBG with the axiom of choice (and ZFC extended by ). His proof uses the axiom of choice, and it is still an open question as to whether such an embedding is consistent with NBG without the axiom of choice (or with ZF plus the extra sym
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base%20flow
|
The term base flow may refer to:
Baseflow in hydrology
Base flow (random dynamical systems) in the study of random dynamical systems in mathematics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block%20matrix%20pseudoinverse
|
In mathematics, a block matrix pseudoinverse is a formula for the pseudoinverse of a partitioned matrix. This is useful for decomposing or approximating many algorithms updating parameters in signal processing, which are based on the least squares method.
Derivation
Consider a column-wise partitioned matrix:
If the above matrix is full column rank, the Moore–Penrose inverse matrices of it and its transpose are
This computation of the pseudoinverse requires (n + p)-square matrix inversion and does not take advantage of the block form.
To reduce computational costs to n- and p-square matrix inversions and to introduce parallelism, treating the blocks separately, one derives
where orthogonal projection matrices are defined by
The above formulas are not necessarily valid if does not have full rank – for example, if , then
Application to least squares problems
Given the same matrices as above, we consider the following least squares problems, which
appear as multiple objective optimizations or constrained problems in signal processing.
Eventually, we can implement a parallel algorithm for least squares based on the following results.
Column-wise partitioning in over-determined least squares
Suppose a solution solves an over-determined system:
Using the block matrix pseudoinverse, we have
Therefore, we have a decomposed solution:
Row-wise partitioning in under-determined least squares
Suppose a solution solves an under-determined system:
The minimum-norm solu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s%20Schweitzer%20Competition
|
The Miklós Schweitzer Competition (Schweitzer Miklós Matematikai Emlékverseny in Hungarian) is an annual Hungarian mathematics competition for university undergraduates, established in 1949.
It is named after Miklós Schweitzer (1 February 1923 – 28 January 1945), a young Hungarian mathematician who died under the Siege of Budapest in the Second World War.
The Schweitzer contest is uniquely high-level among mathematics competitions. The problems, written by prominent Hungarian mathematicians, are challenging and require in-depth knowledge of the fields represented. The competition is open-book and competitors are allowed ten days to come up with solutions.
The problems on the competition can be classified roughly in the following categories:
1. Algebra
2. Combinatorics
3. Theory of Functions
4. Geometry
5. Measure Theory
6. Number Theory
7. Operators
8. Probability Theory
9. Sequences and Series
10. Topology
11. Set Theory
Recently a similar competition has been started in France.
References
Contests in higher mathematics (Hungary, 1949–1961). In memoriam, Miklós Schweitzer. (G. Szasz, L. Geher, I. Kovacs, L. Pinter, eds), Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1968 260 pp.
Miklós Schweitzer Competition Problems in recent years
Problems of the Miklós Schweitzer Memorial Competition at http://artofproblemsolving.com/
Mathematics competitions
Recurring events established in 1949
Student events
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark%20McCauley
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Clark Richard McCauley (born 1943) is an American social psychologist who is Research Professor of Psychology and co-director of the Solomon Asch Center for Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict at Bryn Mawr College.
McCauley received his Bachelor of Science degree in biology from Providence College in 1965, his Master of Arts degree in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania in 1967, and his Ph.D. in social psychology from the University of Pennsylvania in 1970. He has been a faculty member at Bryn Mawr College since 1970: assistant professor (1970–1976), associate professor (1976–1986), professor (1986–2016), and research professor (2016-present).
He was a member of the Psychosocial Working Group and the American Psychological Association's Task Force on Reaction to Terrorism. He has been a consultant/reviewer for the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation.
McCauley's research interests include the psychology of group identification, group dynamics and intergroup conflict, and the psychological foundations of ethnic conflict and genocide. He is founding editor of the journal Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict: Pathways toward Terrorism and Genocide.
Books
Radicalization to Terrorism: What Everyone Needs to Know. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020 (co-author with Sophia Moskalenko).
The Marvel of Martyrdom: The Power of Self-Sacrifice in a Selfish World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019 (co-author with Sophia Moskalenko).
Friction: How Conflict Radicalizes Them and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit%20switch
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In electrical engineering, a limit switch is a switch operated by the motion of a machine part or the presence of an object. A limit switch can be used for controlling machinery as part of a control system, as a safety interlock, or as a counter enumerating objects passing a point.
Limit switches are used in a variety of applications and environments because of their ruggedness, ease of installation, and reliability of operation. They can determine the presence, passing, positioning, and end of travel of an object. They were first used to define the limit of travel of an object, hence the name "limit switch".
Standardized limit switches are industrial control components manufactured with a variety of operator types, including lever, roller plunger, and whisker type. Limit switches may be directly mechanically operated by the motion of the operating lever. A reed switch may be used to indicate proximity of a magnet mounted on some moving part. Proximity switches operate by the disturbance of an electromagnetic field, by capacitance, or by sensing a magnetic field.
Rarely, a final operating device such as a lamp or solenoid valve is directly controlled by the contacts of an industrial limit switch, but more typically the limit switch is wired through a control relay, a motor contactor control circuit, or as an input to a programmable logic controller.
Examples
Miniature snap-action switches are components of devices like photocopiers, computer printers, convertible tops or
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC-1
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BC-1, BC.1, BC1, BC 1 or variant may refer to:
North American T-6 Texan, an aircraft, first model supplied to the USAAC
North American BC-1A, an aircraft
Backcrossing, in genetics
BC1, Paralympic boccia classification
Battlefield: Bad Company, a video game
British Columbia Highway 1, a freeway
Global News: BC 1, a TV station
See also
1 BC
BCA (disambiguation)
BCI (disambiguation)
BC (disambiguation)
BC2 (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Tan
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Bernard Tan Tiong Gie (born 1943 in Singapore) is a Singaporean musician, composer, physicist and engineer.
Early life and education
Tan was educated at the Anglo-Chinese School, Singapore, the University of Singapore (Bachelor of Science with Honours in Physics, 1965) and Oxford University (Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Science, 1968). He is a Chartered Engineer and Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (UK), Fellow of the Institute of Physics (U.K), Fellow of the Institute of Physics, Singapore, and Fellow of Trinity College of Music, London.
Academic career
Tan joined the then University of Singapore (now the National University of Singapore) in 1968 as a lecturer in Physics and served first as Vice-Dean and then as Dean of Science of the Faculty of Science at NUS for 12 years from 1985 to 1997. He has also been Head of Physics, Acting Head of Music, and Associate Director of the Centre for Musical Activities and Dean of Students. Other appointments previously held by Tan are Chairman of the Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing (CRISP) and the Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS).
Bernard Tan's current research interests are in microwave solid-state properties and devices, digital musical analysis and synthesis, and directional perception of multiple sound sources. He has published over 85 papers in international peer-reviewed journals.
Musical career
As a composer, U.S. music publisher Neil Kjos has published a number of his chora
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizer
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Realizer may refer to:
For its use in mathematics see Order dimension
CA-Realizer, the programming language similar to Visual Basic created by Computer Associates
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtually%20Haken%20conjecture
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In topology, an area of mathematics, the virtually Haken conjecture states that every compact, orientable, irreducible three-dimensional manifold with infinite fundamental group is virtually Haken. That is, it has a finite cover (a covering space with a finite-to-one covering map) that is a Haken manifold.
After the proof of the geometrization conjecture by Perelman, the conjecture was only open for hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
The conjecture is usually attributed to Friedhelm Waldhausen in a paper from 1968, although he did not formally state it. This problem is formally stated as Problem 3.2 in Kirby's problem list.
A proof of the conjecture was announced on March 12, 2012 by Ian Agol in a seminar lecture he gave at the Institut Henri Poincaré. The proof appeared shortly thereafter in a preprint which was eventually published in Documenta Mathematica. The proof was obtained via a strategy by previous work of Daniel Wise and collaborators, relying on actions of the fundamental group on certain auxiliary spaces (CAT(0) cube complexes)
It used as an essential ingredient the freshly-obtained solution to the surface subgroup conjecture by Jeremy Kahn and Vladimir Markovic.
Other results which are directly used in Agol's proof include the Malnormal Special Quotient Theorem of Wise and a criterion of Nicolas Bergeron and Wise for the cubulation of groups.
In 2018 related results were obtained by Piotr Przytycki and Daniel Wise proving that mixed 3-manifolds are also virtually spe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology%20Letters
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Biology Letters is a peer-reviewed, biological, scientific journal published by the Royal Society. It focuses on the rapid publication of short high quality research articles, reviews and opinion pieces across the biological sciences. Biology Letters has an average turnaround time of twenty four days from submission to a first decision.
The editor-in-chief is Professor David Beerling FRS (University of Sheffield) who is supported by an international Editorial Board of practising scientists.
Contents and themes
As well as the conventional, short research articles, Biology Letters has recently published Special Features and Mini Series. While Special Features are a collection of up to 20 articles on a specific theme and published across multiple issues, Mini Series include up to six articles that are published in one issue. Examples of topics in these formats include ocean acidification, fossils, extinction, enhanced rock weathering and the evolutionary ecology of species ranges.
Content in the journal is regularly covered in the mainstream and social media. At the time of writing, a paper on Goffin's cockatoos making tools to reach food
was featured in The Guardian, New Scientist, and The New York Times. Research describing the missing-link among dinosaurs
was reported by BBC News, CNN, and The Times.
A 2010 study of bumblebee behaviour by pupils from Blackawton Primary School is the journal's most downloaded paper.
History
The journal was split off as a separate jour
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neboj%C5%A1a%20%C4%8Covi%C4%87
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Nebojša Čović (; 2 July 1958) is a Serbian businessman, basketball executive, and politician. Since 2011, he has been serving as the president of .
Early years and education
Čović was born in Belgrade, PR Serbia, FPR Yugoslavia, and graduated from the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. In 2000, he obtained his PhD at the same university.
Political career
In 1992, as a member of the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), 34-year-old Čović started his climb up the political ladder with a position of executive board vice-president in charge of economy and finances at the Belgrade city assembly.
A year later, in 1993, he advanced to the position of the city government president. In 1994 he got elected as the Mayor of Belgrade. In parallel, Čović was the SPS deputy (MP) in the Serbian National Assembly. Čović was sacked from the mayoral post in mid-January 1997 by the Serbian president and SPS party leader Slobodan Milošević amid the months-long protests in Serbia over the November 1996 municipal elections fraud. He was expelled from SPS on the same occasion.
He became the president of Democratic Alternative (DA) after the party got formed by a certain number of SPS members seceded from SPS in July 1997.
Čović served as the head of the Coordination Center for Kosovo and Metohija and as the head of the Southern Serbia Coordination Center during Preševo Valley conflict (1999–2001).
From 24 October 2000 to 25 January 2001 he was a member of the trio Co-Prime
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique%20de%20Quervain
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Dominique de Quervain (born December 8, 1968) is a Swiss neuroscientist. He is professor of neuroscience and director of the Division of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Basel, Switzerland. He is known for his pioneering research into the use of glucocorticoids (cortisol) in the treatment of PTSD and phobias. He is understood to have found a link between cortisol and forgetting, specifically that cortisol can inhibit memory retrieval. Furthermore, he is known for his contributions to the field of genetics of human memory.
Career
After receiving his MD from University of Bern in 1998, de Quervain has worked at University of California Irvine, University Psychiatric Clinic Basel, and University of Zürich. Since 2009, he has worked at the University of Basel where he currently serves as director of the division of cognitive neuroscience.
Glucocorticoids and memory
de Quervain's work with glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol, and memory dates back to 1998 after he found that glucocorticoids cause an impairment in memory retrieval in animals. He has since applied his findings about glucocorticoids to fear memory related to phobias, PTSD, and addiction memory. Memory retrieval, especially retrieval of emotional memories, is impaired when healthy subjects are given doses of cortisol. Whereas cortisol impairs memory retrieval, cortisol enhances memory consolidation when moving emotional memories to long term memory. In phobia patients, cortisol can be administered before a f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounded%20mean%20oscillation
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In harmonic analysis in mathematics, a function of bounded mean oscillation, also known as a BMO function, is a real-valued function whose mean oscillation is bounded (finite). The space of functions of bounded mean oscillation (BMO), is a function space that, in some precise sense, plays the same role in the theory of Hardy spaces Hp that the space L∞ of essentially bounded functions plays in the theory of Lp-spaces: it is also called John–Nirenberg space, after Fritz John and Louis Nirenberg who introduced and studied it for the first time.
Historical note
According to , the space of functions of bounded mean oscillation was introduced by in connection with his studies of mappings from a bounded set belonging to Rn into Rn and the corresponding problems arising from elasticity theory, precisely from the concept of elastic strain: the basic notation was introduced in a closely following paper by , where several properties of this function spaces were proved. The next important step in the development of the theory was the proof by Charles Fefferman of the duality between BMO and the Hardy space H1, in the noted paper : a constructive proof of this result, introducing new methods and starting a further development of the theory, was given by Akihito Uchiyama.
Definition
The mean oscillation of a locally integrable function u over a hypercube Q in Rn is defined as the value of the following integral:
where
|Q| is the volume of Q, i.e. its Lebesgue measure
uQ is the ave
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Mackay%20%28scientist%29
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Donald Mackay (30 October 1936 – 20 October 2023) was a Scottish-born Canadian scientist and engineer specializing in environmental chemistry.
Life and career
Donald Mackay was born on 30 October 1936. He was a member of the faculty of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto and the founding director of the Canadian Environmental Modelling Centre at Trent University. He has developed several multimedia fugacity models. He has stressed that principles of good practice also need to be adopted for chemical assessments, especially in a regulatory context.
In 2004, Mackay was invested as an Officer of the Order of Canada for having "greatly contributed to the quality and our stewardship of the global environment". In 2004, he was also invested into the Order of Ontario for "his outstanding contributions to environmental science".
Mackay died at the Peterborough Regional Health Centre on 20 October 2023, at the age of 86.
References
1936 births
2023 deaths
Canadian chemists
Environmental scientists
Members of the Order of Ontario
Officers of the Order of Canada
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
Canadian engineers
Environmental engineers
Scientists from Glasgow
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep%20Banana%20Blackout
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Deep Banana Blackout is a funk rock band formed in the summer of 1995 when a group of like minded musicians hailing from New York and Connecticut joined forces to play Soul and R&B covers from the 60’s and 70’s for the pure love of that music. As the band members chemistry became apparent, all other projects fell to the wayside so that they could focus on writing and arranging original material. The band soon became a highly acclaimed musical force on the East Coast underground live music scene. This eight piece musical outfit, with full horn section and soulful groove embedded in the roots of funk, is notorious for weaving their own compositions involving extended improvisation with songs by Sly and the Family Stone, James Brown, Stevie Wonder, and Parliament/Funkadelic.
In July 1997, DBB released their first studio effort entitled Live in the Thousand Islands. The album was recorded in Hartford, CT in the old Colt.45 building and was produced by the band members themselves. In February 1999, Deep Banana Blackout released their second recording, a double live CD called Rowdy Duty. The album was recorded in one night at the club 7 Willow St. in Port Chester, New York. Later on that year, the band's label Artkin Touchya Records released B'Gock!, a side project for DBB's guitarist Fuzz and his band "On the Corner w/ Fuzz." Also in 1999 drummer Eric Kalb and percussioninst Johnny Durkin went to work on jazz legend John Scofield's Verve release Bump. The album was featured on B
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Levy%20%28inventor%29
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David Levy (born December 30, 1962) - inventor with more than a dozen patents, he also served as "Inventor in Residence" to Arthur D. Little Consulting. He received a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering with a concentration in architecture and master's degree in mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1987 and a doctorate in mechanical engineering from MIT in 1997. Between degrees he worked for five years at Apple, replacing the Trackball with the first Touchpad and repositioning the laptop keyboard from the front to the back .
He is a native of Manhattan Beach, California and lived in Cambridge, Massachusetts , for many years, but as of 2010 has been a resident of Berkeley, California.
In 1989, he started his first company TH Inc., without venture capital to license his own patents.
In 1999, Levy started a company called Digit Wireless , with the help of angel investors and venture capital, ultimately raising $21 million. Digit Wireless was started with the purpose of developing Levy's Fastap keypad technology for cell phones/PDA devices. As of 2007, there were three Fastap-enabled cell phones introduced in North America—two in Canada and one in the United States. In 2003, he invented the concept of tracing a finger over the image of a QWERTY keyboard to indicate which word the user is trying to type, for which he received US patent 7,175,438. Digit Wireless was sold to Nuance Communications in March, 2010.
In 2013 he joined Innovat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomicity
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Atomicity may refer to:
Chemistry
Atomicity (chemistry), the total number of atoms present in 1 molecule of a substance
Valence (chemistry), sometimes referred to as atomicity
Computing
Atomicity (database systems), a property of database transactions which are guaranteed to either completely occur, or have no effects
Atomicity (programming), an operation appears to occur at a single instant between its invocation and its response
Atomicity, a property of an S-expression, in a symbolic language like Lisp
Mathematics
Atomicity, an element of orthogonality in a component-based system
Atomicity, in order theory; see Atom (order theory)
See also
Atom (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron%20Gordon%20%28mathematician%29
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Cameron Gordon (born 1945) is a Professor and Sid W. Richardson Foundation Regents Chair in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Texas at Austin, known for his work in knot theory. Among his notable results is his work with Marc Culler, John Luecke, and Peter Shalen on the cyclic surgery theorem. This was an important ingredient in his work with Luecke showing that knots were determined by their complement. Gordon was also involved in the resolution of the Smith conjecture.
Andrew Casson and Gordon defined and proved basic theorems regarding strongly irreducible Heegaard splittings, an important concept in the modernization of Heegaard splitting theory. They also worked on the slice-ribbon conjecture, inventing the Casson-Gordon invariants in the process.
Gordon was a 1999 Guggenheim Fellow.
In 2005 Gordon was elected a Corresponding Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
References
External links
Cameron Gordon's personal webpage, University of Texas at Austin
Cameron McAllan Gordon, Mathematics Genealogy Project
1945 births
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Topologists
Living people
University of Texas at Austin faculty
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology%20alignment
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Ontology alignment, or ontology matching, is the process of determining correspondences between concepts in ontologies. A set of correspondences is also called an alignment. The phrase takes on a slightly different meaning, in computer science, cognitive science or philosophy.
Computer science
For computer scientists, concepts are expressed as labels for data. Historically, the need for ontology alignment arose out of the need to integrate heterogeneous databases, ones developed independently and thus each having their own data vocabulary. In the Semantic Web context involving many actors providing their own ontologies, ontology matching has taken a critical place for helping heterogeneous resources to interoperate. Ontology alignment tools find classes of data that are semantically equivalent, for example, "truck" and "lorry". The classes are not necessarily logically identical. According to Euzenat and Shvaiko (2007), there are three major dimensions for similarity: syntactic, external, and semantic. Coincidentally, they roughly correspond to the dimensions identified by Cognitive Scientists below. A number of tools and frameworks have been developed for aligning ontologies, some with inspiration from Cognitive Science and some independently.
Ontology alignment tools have generally been developed to operate on database schemas, XML schemas, taxonomies, formal languages, entity-relationship models, dictionaries, and other label frameworks. They are usually converted t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivo%20Lola%20Ribar%20Institute
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Ivo Lola Ribar Institute () is a Serbian manufacturer of heavy machine tools, robotics, industrial equipment and industrial computers, headquartered in Belgrade, Serbia.
History
Ivo Lola Ribar Institute was founded in 1963 by decree of the Government of Serbia. It has been named after People's Hero of Yugoslavia Ivo Lola Ribar, the youngest son of Ivan Ribar.
In current form, the institute operates since 31 December 1985. During the 1980s, it was one of the leading technology institutes in former Yugoslavia.
See also
Lola 8 – computer developed by Ivo Lola Ribar Institute
PA512 and LPA512 – industrial controllers developed by ILR
History of computer hardware in Yugoslavia
List of computer systems from Yugoslavia
References
External links
Ivo Lola Ribar Institute
Coil Wrapping Machine
Machine manufacturers
Companies based in Belgrade
Computer hardware companies
Computer companies of Serbia
1963 establishments in Serbia
Electronics companies established in 1963
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebesgue%20integrability
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In mathematics, Lebesgue integrability may refer to:
Whether the Lebesgue integral of a function is defined; this is what is most often meant.
The Lebesgue integrability condition, which determines whether the Riemann integral of a function is defined. Confusingly, this result is due to Lebesgue, but refers to the Riemann integral, not the Lebesgue integral.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholomeus%20Amicus
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Bartholomeus Amicus (born in Anzi, Basilicata; 1562–1649), or Bartolomeo Amico or Bartholomeo d'Amici, was a Jesuit priest, teacher and writer who spent his adult life in Naples. The subjects he wrote about include Aristotelian philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and the concept of vacuum and its relationship with God.
He studied law before joining the Jesuits and following the curriculum in their college in Naples, later teaching logic, physics, metaphysics and theology. In his extensive writing he presented alternative theories, including those of Christopher Clavius and Copernicus, even when he disagreed with them, though theologians of that period did not always explain opposing views. He sought to establish workable science without undermining theology.
See also
List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics
References
Scholasticon by Jacob Schmutz
Edward Grant, Much Ado about Nothing : Theories of Space and Vacuum from the Middle Ages to the Scientific Revolution (1981) - Chapter 7
Bibliografia
Carlo Caterini, Gens Catherina de terra Balii, Rende, Edizioni Scientifiche Calabresi, 2009.
1562 births
1649 deaths
17th-century Italian Jesuits
Catholic clergy scientists
Jesuit scientists
Clergy from Naples
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Weyland
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Jack Arnold Weyland (born 1940) is a retired professor of physics at Brigham Young University–Idaho (BYU–Idaho) and a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He was a prolific and well-known author of fiction for LDS audiences, including many novels and short stories, mostly placed in contemporary settings. His novel Charly was made into a feature film in 2002.
Biography
Weyland was born in Butte, Montana. He graduated from Billings Senior High School and then attended Montana State University where he majored in Physics. Upon graduating he served a mission for the LDS Church in New York and Pennsylvania. After completing his mission he went to BYU and received his Ph.D. in Physics.
While attending BYU, Weyland decided to take an elective course in creative writing. After a few weeks Weyland realized he was in trouble; he was not a very good writer. Weyland said, "The one time I ventured to tell my instructor I wanted to write LDS fiction, he said, 'You’re not serious, are you?' Certainly a fair question based on what he had seen of my writing. I became discouraged and dropped the course and didn’t think about writing again for several years."
He married Sherry and they had a daughter named Barbara. After Barbara was born they left BYU and went to South Dakota, where Weyland taught physics at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. While in South Dakota they had four more children, Dan, Brad, Jed, and Josie.
In the summer of 1971 Way
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/184%20%28number%29
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184 (one hundred [and] eighty-four) is the natural number following 183 and preceding 185.
In mathematics
There are 184 different Eulerian graphs on eight unlabeled vertices, and 184 paths by which a chess rook can travel from one corner of a 4 × 4 chessboard to the opposite corner without passing through the same square twice. 184 is also a refactorable number.
In other fields
Some physicists have proposed that 184 is a magic number for neutrons in atomic nuclei.
In poker, with one or more jokers as wild cards, there are 184 different straight flushes.
See also
The year AD 184 or 184 BC
List of highways numbered 184
References
Integers
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