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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20Berg
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Gene Berg is a professor of Chemistry at Moorpark College in Moorpark, California.
He has been teaching at Moorpark College since 1970, and became the college's ninth Distinguished Faculty Chair in 2005.
Dr. Berg earned his doctorate in Analytical Chemistry from UCLA.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
21st-century American chemists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula%20Szkody
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Paula Szkody (born July 17, 1948) is a professor in the Department of Astronomy at the University of Washington in Seattle. She served as president of the American Astronomical Society from 2020 to 2022.
Early life and education
Szkody was born on July 17, 1948, in Detroit, Michigan. She earned her B.A. degree in astrophysics at Michigan State University in 1970, and her Ph.D. in astronomy from the University of Washington in 1975.
Work
Paula Szkody specializes in cataclysmic variable stars, which are binary star systems that periodically undergo energetic outbursts. She is an active participant in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) searching for new dwarf novae and has worked with the XTE, ASCA, ROSAT, IUE, HST, EUVE and XMM-Newton space missions.
Activities
In 2005 she became the editor-in-chief of the astronomical journal Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (PASP). She is also very active in professional-amateur collaboration, especially in conjunction with the American Association of Variable Star Observers, for whom she has served both as an officer on the board (2003-2009) and, for the term 2007-09, as President of the organization. Szkody was president of the American Astronomical Society from 2020 to 2022.
Honors and awards
In 1978, she was awarded the Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy by the American Astronomical Society.
As of 1994, she is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
A minor planet has been name
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford%20theory
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In mathematics, Clifford theory, introduced by , describes the relation between representations of a group and those of a normal subgroup.
Alfred H. Clifford
Alfred H. Clifford proved the following result on the restriction of finite-dimensional irreducible representations from a group G to a normal subgroup N of finite index:
Clifford's theorem
Theorem. Let π: G → GL(n,K) be an irreducible representation with K a field. Then the restriction of π to N breaks up into a direct sum of irreducible representations of N of equal dimensions. These irreducible representations of N lie in one orbit for the action of G by conjugation on the equivalence classes of irreducible representations of N. In particular the number of pairwise nonisomorphic summands is no greater than the index of N in G.
Clifford's theorem yields information about the restriction of a complex irreducible character of a finite group G to a normal subgroup N. If μ is a complex character of N, then for a fixed element g of G, another character, μ(g), of N may be constructed by setting
for all n in N. The character μ(g) is irreducible if and only if μ is. Clifford's theorem states that if χ is a complex irreducible character of G, and μ is an irreducible character of N with
then
where e and t are positive integers, and each gi is an element of G. The integers e and t both divide the index [G:N]. The integer t is the index of a subgroup of G, containing N, known as the inertial subgroup of μ. This is
and is
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%20trigonometry
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In mathematics, hyperbolic trigonometry can mean:
The study of hyperbolic triangles in hyperbolic geometry (traditional trigonometry is the study of triangles in plane geometry)
The use of the hyperbolic functions
The use of gyrotrigonometry in hyperbolic geometry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wohl
|
Wohl may refer to:
Chemistry
Wohl–Aue reaction
Wohl degradation
Wohl equation
Wohl–Ziegler bromination
People
Wohl is a spelling of Wahl, which corresponds to English well from German Language well or sure. Also from Polish elected.
Aleksandar Wohl (born 1963), Australian chess player
Alfred Wohl (1863–1939), German chemist
Brian Wohl (born 1972), known by his ring name Julio Dinero, American professional wrestler
Cecília Wohl (1862–1939), Hungarian philanthropist
Daniel Wohl (born 1980), French composer
Dave Wohl (born 1949), American former NBA player and coach
David Wohl (actor) (born 1953), American actor
David Wohl, American comic book writer and editor
Eddie Wohl, American record producer and member of rock music ensemble World Fire Brigade
Ellen Wohl (born 1962), American fluvial geomorphologist
Herman Wohl (1877–1936), American composer
Ira Wohl, American documentary filmmaker
Jacob Wohl (born 1997), American far-right conspiracy theorist, fraudster, and Internet troll
Jeanette Wohl (1783–1861), German correspondent and heir of Ludwig Börne
Louis de Wohl (1903–1961), Hungarian astrologer and writer
Martin Wohl (died 2009), American transportation economist
Mary Ellen Wohl (1932–2009), American pulmonologist
Maurice Wohl (1923–2007), British philanthropist
Paul Wohl (1901–1985), German journalist and political commentator
Richard Wohl (1921–1957), American sociologist
Places
Wohl Centre, at Bar-Ilan University in Ramat Gan]], Israel
W
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Brink
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Chris Brink, CBE, FRSSAf (born 31 January 1951) is a South African mathematician and academic. He was the Vice-Chancellor of Newcastle University between 2007 and December 2016.
Career
After graduating with a degree in maths and computer science from Rand Afrikaans University, Brink undertook post-graduate study at Rhodes University and the University of Cambridge. He became professor and head of mathematics and applied mathematics at the University of Cape Town in 1995, pro-vice-chancellor (research) at the University of Wollongong in 1999 and rector and vice-chancellor of Stellenbosch University in 2002 before being appointed vice-chancellor of Newcastle University in 2007.
In the 1980s Chris Brink was a senior research fellow at the Australian National University. In 1994 he joined with Gunther Schmidt to organize at Dagstuhl the initial RAMiCS conference on relation algebra. In 1996 The Foundation for Research Development in South Africa rated Chris Brink in category A. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of South Africa, a former President of the South African Mathematical Society, a Founder Member of the Academy of Science of South Africa and a former chair of the Advisory Board of the African Institute of Mathematical Sciences.
He chaired the Student Policy Network (part of Universities UK) and the N8 Research Partnership, a group of eight research-intensive universities in the North of England. Nationally he has served on the Board of the Equality Challenge Unit (i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius%20Nieuwland
|
Julius Aloysius Arthur Nieuwland, CSC, (14 February 1878 – 11 June 1936) was a Belgian-born Holy Cross priest and professor of chemistry and botany at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana. He is known for his contributions to acetylene research and its use as the basis for one type of synthetic rubber, which eventually led to the invention of neoprene by DuPont.
Life and work
Nieuwland's parents emigrated from Hansbeke, Belgium in 1880 to South Bend, Indiana. As a young man, Nieuwland enrolled at the University of Notre Dame, where he studied Latin and Greek and received his undergraduate degree in 1899. He soon after began studies for the priesthood. Ordained in 1903, Nieuwland attended graduate school at The Catholic University of America, where he studied botany and chemistry. During his doctoral studies into the chemistry of acetylene, he discovered the chemical compound lewisite, which would later gain fame as a chemical warfare agent. Nieuwland had to be hospitalized for several days after his exposure to the newly synthesized compound; he did not purify it or otherwise pursue the matter any further.
After receiving his PhD in 1904, Nieuwland returned to Notre Dame as professor of botany until 1918, and subsequently as professor of organic chemistry until 1936. In 1909, Nieuwland founded the peer-reviewed journal American Midland Naturalist acting as its editor until 1934. In 1920, he successfully polymerized acetylene into divinylacetylene. Elmer Bolton, the Dir
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20Automated%20Measurement%20and%20Control
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Computer-Aided Measurement And Control (CAMAC) is a standard bus and modular-crate electronics standard for data acquisition and control used in particle detectors for nuclear and particle physics and in industry. The bus allows data exchange between plug-in modules (up to 24 in a single crate) and a crate controller, which then interfaces to a PC or to a VME-CAMAC interface.
The standard was originally defined by the ESONE Committee as standard EUR 4100 in 1972, and covers the mechanical, electrical, and logical elements of a parallel bus ("dataway") for the plug-in modules. Several standards have been defined for multiple crate systems, including the Parallel Branch Highway definition and Serial Highway definition. Vendor-specific Host/Crate interfaces have also been built.
The CAMAC standard encompasses IEEE standards:
583 The base standard
683 Block transfer specifications (Q-stop and Q-scan)
596 Parallel Branch Highway systems
595 Serial highway system
726 Real-time Basic for CAMAC
675 Auxiliary crate controller specification/support
758 FORTRAN subroutines for CAMAC.
Within the , modules are addressed by slot (geographical addressing). The left-most 22 slots are available for application modules while the right-most two slots are dedicated to a crate controller. Within a slot the standard defines 16 subaddresses (0–15). A slot commanded by the controller with one of 32 function codes (0–31). Of these function codes, 0–7 are read functions and will transf
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold%20Rice%20Rich
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Arnold Rice Rich (March 28, 1893 – April 17, 1968) was an American pathologist.
Career
Born March 28, 1893, in Birmingham, Alabama, Rich attended the University of Virginia, majoring in biology, and then the Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore, Maryland, from which he received his M.D. degree in 1919. He remained associated with Hopkins the rest of his career. He was appointed Chairman of the Department of Pathology and pathologist-in-chief of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1944, until he retired in 1958.
Work
Rich had broad interests in medicine. Among his many contributions, he classified jaundice, helped understand the formation of bile pigment, studied the relationship between hypersensitivity and immunity, especially in tuberculosis (on which he was one of the reigning experts) and discovered the phagocytic function of the Gaucher cell, the hallmark of Gaucher's disease.
A number of diseases or conditions are named after Rich, including:
Hamman-Rich syndrome and the
Rich focus
Personal life
Rich was Jewish. His father Samuel Rice was an Ashkenazi immigrant from Košice in the Austro-Hungarian Empire (present day Slovakia), while his mother was a Sephardi Jew from Vicksburg, Mississippi. Samuel Rice owned a successful shoe store in Birmingham. In 1925 Arnold married the pianist and composer Helen Jones. They had two daughters: the poet Adrienne Rich (1929-2012 ) and the writer Cynthia Rich (1933- ). Arnold Rice Rich died April 17, 1968, in Baltimore, Maryland.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haynes%E2%80%93Shockley%20experiment
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In semiconductor physics, the Haynes–Shockley experiment was an experiment that demonstrated that diffusion of minority carriers in a semiconductor could result in a current. The experiment was reported in a short paper by Haynes and Shockley in 1948, with a more detailed version published by Shockley, Pearson, and Haynes in 1949.
The experiment can be used to measure carrier mobility, carrier lifetime, and diffusion coefficient.
In the experiment, a piece of semiconductor gets a pulse of holes, for example, as induced by voltage or a short laser pulse.
Equations
To see the effect, we consider a n-type semiconductor with the length d. We are interested in determining the mobility of the carriers, diffusion constant and relaxation time. In the following, we reduce the problem to one dimension.
The equations for electron and hole currents are:
where the js are the current densities of electrons (e) and holes (p), the μs the charge carrier mobilities, E is the electric field, n and p the number densities of charge carriers, the Ds are diffusion coefficients, and x is position. The first term of the equations is the drift current, and the second term is the diffusion current.
Derivation
We consider the continuity equation:
Subscript 0s indicate equilibrium concentrations. The electrons and the holes recombine with the carrier lifetime τ.
We define
so the upper equations can be rewritten as:
In a simple approximation, we can consider the electric field to be cons
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Strogatz
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Steven Henry Strogatz (), born August 13, 1959, is an American mathematician and the Susan and Barton Winokur Distinguished Professor for the Public Understanding of Science and Mathematics at Cornell University.
He is known for his work on nonlinear systems, including contributions to the study of synchronization in dynamical systems, and for his research in a variety of areas of applied mathematics, including mathematical biology and complex network theory.
Strogatz is the host of Quanta Magazine'''s The Joy of Why podcast. He previously hosted The Joy of x podcast, named after his book of the same name.
Education
Strogatz attended high school at Loomis Chaffee from 1972 to 1976. He then attended Princeton University, graduating summa cum laude with a B.A. in mathematics. Strogatz completed his senior thesis, titled "The mathematics of supercoiled DNA: an essay in geometric biology", under the supervision of Frederick J. Almgren, Jr. Strogatz then studied as a Marshall Scholar at Trinity College, Cambridge, from 1980 to 1982, and then received a Ph.D. in applied mathematics from Harvard University in 1986 for his research on the dynamics of the human sleep-wake cycle. He completed his postdoc under Nancy Kopell at Boston University.
Career
After spending three years as a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard and Boston University, Strogatz joined the faculty of the department of mathematics at MIT in 1989. His research on dynamical systems was reco
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Units%20of%20energy
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Energy is defined via work, so the SI unit of energy is the same as the unit of work – the joule (J), named in honour of James Prescott Joule and his experiments on the mechanical equivalent of heat. In slightly more fundamental terms, is equal to 1 newton metre and, in terms of SI base units
An energy unit that is used in atomic physics, particle physics and high energy physics is the electronvolt (eV). One eV is equivalent to .
In spectroscopy the unit cm−1 ≈ is used to represent energy since energy is inversely proportional to wavelength from the equation .
In discussions of energy production and consumption, the units barrel of oil equivalent and ton of oil equivalent are often used.
British imperial / US customary units
The British imperial units and U.S. customary units for both energy and work include the foot-pound force (1.3558 J), the British thermal unit (BTU) which has various values in the region of 1055 J, the horsepower-hour (2.6845 MJ), and the gasoline gallon equivalent (about 120 MJ).
Electricity
A unit of electrical energy, particularly for utility bills, is the kilowatt-hour (kWh); one kilowatt-hour is equivalent to . Electricity usage is often given in units of kilowatt-hours per year or other time period. This is actually a measurement of average power consumption, meaning the average rate at which energy is transferred. One kilowatt-hour per year is about 0.11 watts.
Natural gas
Natural gas is often sold in units of energy content or by volume
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation%20theorem
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In mathematics, a representation theorem is a theorem that states that every abstract structure with certain properties is isomorphic to another (abstract or concrete) structure.
Examples
Algebra
Cayley's theorem states that every group is isomorphic to a permutation group.
Representation theory studies properties of abstract groups via their representations as linear transformations of vector spaces.
Stone's representation theorem for Boolean algebras states that every Boolean algebra is isomorphic to a field of sets.
A variant, Stone's representation theorem for distributive lattices, states that every distributive lattice is isomorphic to a sublattice of the power set lattice of some set.
Another variant, Stone's duality, states that there exists a duality (in the sense of an arrow-reversing equivalence) between the categories of Boolean algebras and that of Stone spaces.
The Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorem states that every Lie algebra embeds into the commutator Lie algebra of its universal enveloping algebra.
Ado's theorem states that every finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field of characteristic zero embeds into the Lie algebra of endomorphisms of some finite-dimensional vector space.
Birkhoff's HSP theorem states that every model of an algebra A is the homomorphic image of a subalgebra of a direct product of copies of A.
In the study of semigroups, the Wagner–Preston theorem provides a representation of an inverse semigroup S, as a homomorphic image of t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl%20diazoacetate
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Ethyl diazoacetate (N=N=CHC(O)OC2H5) is a diazo compound and a reagent in organic chemistry. It was discovered by Theodor Curtius in 1883. The compound can be prepared by reaction of the ethyl ester of glycine with sodium nitrite and sodium acetate in water.
As a carbene precursor, it is used in the cyclopropanation of alkenes.
Although the compound is hazardous, it is used in chemical industry as a precursor to trovafloxacin. Procedures for safe industrial handling have been published.
Another location where EDA was used is in the production of BI-4752, a recently invented 5-HT2C agonist that is even superior to lorcaserin.
References
Diazo compounds
Reagents for organic chemistry
Ethyl esters
Conjugated ketones
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRANN
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CRANN, the Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, is Ireland's first purpose-built research institute whose purpose is to perform nanoscience research. It is housed in the Naughton Institute on the campus of Trinity College Dublin. is the Irish word for tree.
The three major research areas are Nano-Biology of Cell Surface Interactions, Bottom-Up Fabrication and Testing of Nanoscale Integrated Devices, and Magnetic Nano-Structures and Devices.
CRANN is currently led by its director, Prof. Stefano Sanvito, along with deputy director Prof. John Donegan, & executive director Dr. Lorraine Byrne. Previously, the management team consisted of Prof. John Boland (Director), Prof. Mike Coey (Deputy Director), Dr. Jussi Tuovinen (Executive Director).
The research teams are led by principal investigators from Trinity College including John Pethica, who is the director of the Naughton Institute.
References
External links
Trinity College Dublin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Smirnov%20%28mathematician%29
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Vladimir Ivanovich Smirnov () (10 June 1887 – 11 February 1974) was a mathematician who made significant contributions in both pure and applied mathematics, and also in the history of mathematics.
Smirnov worked on diverse areas of mathematics, such as complex functions and conjugate functions in Euclidean spaces. In the applied field his work includes the propagation of waves in elastic media with plane boundaries (with Sergei Sobolev) and the oscillations of elastic spheres.
His pioneering approach to solving the initial-boundary value problem to the wave equation formed the basis of the spacetime triangle diagram (STTD) technique for wave motion developed by his follower Victor Borisov (also known as the Smirnov method of incomplete separation of variables).
Smirnov was a Ph.D. student of Vladimir Steklov. Among his notable students were Sergei Sobolev, Solomon Mikhlin and Nobel prize winner Leonid Kantorovich.
Smirnov is also widely known among students for his five volume series (in seven books) A Course in Higher Mathematics (Курс высшей математики) (the first volume was written jointly with Jacob Tamarkin).
References
External links
1887 births
1974 deaths
Soviet mathematicians
Mathematicians from Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg State University alumni
Academic staff of Perm State University
Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nil%20satis%20nisi%20optimum
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Nil satis nisi optimum ("Nothing but the best is good enough") is a Latin phrase which has been used as the motto of the following:
967 Squadron of the Air Training Corps
Everton FC
Carlton le Willows Academy
Clifton Hunter High School
Community for United Biological Sciences
Escondido Charter High School
John D. O'Bryant School of Mathematics & Science
Loughborough University
Okehampton College
Proviso East High School
Rutlish School
St Francis of Assisi Catholic College
Strathcona-Tweedsmuir School
Westerford High School
Priory Dental Centre
References
Latin words and phrases
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Centre%20for%20Genetic%20Engineering%20and%20Biotechnology
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The International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) was established as a project of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in 1983. The Organisation has three Component laboratories with over 45 ongoing research projects in Infectious and Non-communicable diseases, Medical, Industrial and Plant Biology Biotechnology in: Trieste, Italy, New Delhi, India and Cape Town, South Africa.
On February 3, 1994, under the direction of Arturo Falaschi the ICGEB became an autonomous International Organisation and now has over 65 Member States across world regions.
Its main pillars of action comprise: Research, Advanced Education through PhD and Postdoctoral Fellowships, International Scientific Meetings and Courses, competitive Grants for scientists in Member States and Technology Transfer to industry.
References
External links
ICGEB official Website
Genetic engineering
Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty
Organizations established in 1994
Scientific organisations based in Italy
Trieste
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
Italy and the United Nations
India and the United Nations
South Africa and the United Nations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-sided
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In mathematics, specifically in topology of manifolds, a compact codimension-one submanifold of a manifold is said to be 2-sided in when there is an embedding
with for each and
.
In other words, if its normal bundle is trivial.
This means, for example that a curve in a surface is 2-sided if it has a tubular neighborhood which is a cartesian product of the curve times an interval.
A submanifold which is not 2-sided is called 1-sided.
Examples
Surfaces
For curves on surfaces, a curve is 2-sided if and only if it preserves orientation, and 1-sided if and only if it reverses orientation: a tubular neighborhood is then a Möbius strip. This can be determined from the class of the curve in the fundamental group of the surface and the orientation character on the fundamental group, which identifies which curves reverse orientation.
An embedded circle in the plane is 2-sided.
An embedded circle generating the fundamental group of the real projective plane (such as an "equator" of the projective plane – the image of an equator for the sphere) is 1-sided, as it is orientation-reversing.
Properties
Cutting along a 2-sided manifold can separate a manifold into two pieces – such as cutting along the equator of a sphere or around the sphere on which a connected sum has been done – but need not, such as cutting along a curve on the torus.
Cutting along a (connected) 1-sided manifold does not separate a manifold, as a point that is locally on one side of the manifold can be
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice%20reduction
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In mathematics, the goal of lattice basis reduction is to find a basis with short, nearly orthogonal vectors when given an integer lattice basis as input. This is realized using different algorithms, whose running time is usually at least exponential in the dimension of the lattice.
Nearly orthogonal
One measure of nearly orthogonal is the orthogonality defect. This compares the product of the lengths of the basis vectors with the volume of the parallelepiped they define. For perfectly orthogonal basis vectors, these quantities would be the same.
Any particular basis of vectors may be represented by a matrix , whose columns are the basis vectors . In the fully dimensional case where the number of basis vectors is equal to the dimension of the space they occupy, this matrix is square, and the volume of the fundamental parallelepiped is simply the absolute value of the determinant of this matrix . If the number of vectors is less than the dimension of the underlying space, then volume is . For a given lattice , this volume is the same (up to sign) for any basis, and hence is referred to as the determinant of the lattice or lattice constant .
The orthogonality defect is the product of the basis vector lengths divided by the parallelepiped volume;
From the geometric definition it may be appreciated that with equality if and only if the basis is orthogonal.
If the lattice reduction problem is defined as finding the basis with the smallest possible defect, then the problem
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointwise
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In mathematics, the qualifier pointwise is used to indicate that a certain property is defined by considering each value of some function An important class of pointwise concepts are the pointwise operations, that is, operations defined on functions by applying the operations to function values separately for each point in the domain of definition. Important relations can also be defined pointwise.
Pointwise operations
Formal definition
A binary operation on a set can be lifted pointwise to an operation on the set of all functions from to as follows: Given two functions and , define the function by
Commonly, o and O are denoted by the same symbol. A similar definition is used for unary operations o, and for operations of other arity.
Examples
where .
See also pointwise product, and scalar.
An example of an operation on functions which is not pointwise is convolution.
Properties
Pointwise operations inherit such properties as associativity, commutativity and distributivity from corresponding operations on the codomain.
If is some algebraic structure, the set of all functions to the carrier set of can be turned into an algebraic structure of the same type in an analogous way.
Componentwise operations
Componentwise operations are usually defined on vectors, where vectors are elements of the set for some natural number and some field . If we denote the -th component of any vector as , then componentwise addition is .
Componentwise operations can be de
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTRI%20Aerospace%2C%20Transportation%20and%20Advanced%20Systems%20Laboratory
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The Aerospace, Transportation and Advanced Systems Laboratory (ATAS) is one of eight labs in the Georgia Tech Research Institute and one of three labs under the Sensors and Intelligent Systems directorate. ATAS develops advanced systems concepts and performs research related to aerospace systems, power and energy systems, threat systems, intelligent autonomous systems, and systems engineering methodologies. The lab also develops advanced technologies and performs research in a range of areas relevant to aerospace and ground transportation as well as to national defense.
Research areas
Current contracts include work in aerodynamics and flow control, aeroacoustics, computational aeroelasticity, wind tunnel testing, aircraft structural analysis, rotorcraft, intelligent systems, fuel cell and battery technologies, smart small scale projectiles, embedded computing, unmanned aerial vehicles, and flight stability and control.
The lab also performs applied research and development of radar-related technologies in support of national defense preparedness. The lab’s prototype development capabilities span the spectrum from mechanical and electronics design and fabrication to full system integration including embedded computing and control systems. ATAS has also achieved a national reputation for its expertise in threat systems, advanced transmitter technology, radar system development, and weapon systems interpretation.
Within ATAS, the Food Processing Technology Division's (FPTD)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20de%20Paula%20Triesnecker
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Franz de Paula Triesnecker (2 April 1745 – 29 January 1817) was an Austrian Jesuit astronomer.
Biography
Triesnecker was born in Mallon, Kirchberg am Wagram, Austria. When he was 16 he joined the Society of Jesus. He studied philosophy in Vienna and mathematics at Tyrnau, then became a teacher. Following the suppression of the Jesuits in 1773, he moved to Graz to complete his studies in theology, and was ordained soon after his graduation. In 1782 he became assistant director of the Vienna Observatory and 1792 succeeded Maximilian Hell as director. He remained in this post for the rest of his life. In 1794 he was elected Foreign Member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
During his career he published a number of treatises on astronomy and geography. He was deputy editor of the Ephemerides Astronomicae of Vienna from 1782 until he became editor in 1792. He continued as editor, collaborating with Joanne Bürg, until he retired in 1806. He made a series of measurements of celestial bodies, which were published from 1787 until 1806. These included the Tabulae Mercurii, Martis, Veneris, Solares. He also carried out a long series of determinations of longitude that were noted for their accuracy.
The crater Triesnecker on the Moon is named after him.
Works
1787: Dissertatio Lalandi de novo Planeta latine reddita
1788: Tabulae Mercurii juxta Mayeri Göttingensis Elementa. Appendix 3 of Ephemerides Astronomicae Vindobonensem 1788 pp 418-455
1789: Tabulae Mart
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTRI%20Information%20and%20Communications%20Laboratory
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The Information and Communications Laboratory (ICL) is one of eight labs in the Georgia Tech Research Institute. Along with the GTRI Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory, it is part of the Information and Cyber Sciences directorate. It conducts a broad range of research in areas of computer science, information technology, communications, networking, and the development of commercial products from university research.
Research areas
ICL conducts research that solves complex problems involving information processing, storage, representation and exchange; Internet and database technologies and applications; information security and assurance; along with privacy, knowledge management, data visualization, mapping/geographical information, distributed simulation and enterprise information systems. ICL is responsible for the development and maintenance of FalconView.
Researchers work in broadband telecommunications, wireless access systems, multimedia information systems, tactical communications, communications surveillance and disruption, information warfare and assurance, and technology assessment, application integration, and software radio systems.
The GTRI Office of Policy Analysis and Research interprets the public policy aspects of technology, particularly where it is relevant to GTRI's applied research efforts. Specifically, OPAR examines the public policy aspects of technology under development at GTRI and analyzes decisions made in the policy arena that
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum%20rule
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Sum rule may refer to:
Sum rule in differentiation, Differentiation rules #Differentiation is linear
Sum rule in integration, see Integral #Properties
Addition principle, a counting principle in combinatorics
In probability theory, an implication of the additivity axiom, see Probability axioms #Further consequences
Sum rule in quantum mechanics
QCD sum rules, non-perturbative techniques in quantum chromodynamics
Sum rules (quantum field theory), relations between static and dynamic quantities in quantum field theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactor%20%28software%29
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Reactor is a physics engine developed by the Irish software company Havok for use in Autodesk 3ds Max. Reactor was fully integrated with 3ds Max from versions 5 to 2011. In 3ds Max 2012, Reactor was replaced by a PhysX-based engine called MassFX. Reactor was often used for realistic physics simulation that would be difficult or time-consuming to animate by hand.
Dynamics types
Reactor is capable of computing rigid body, soft body, cloth, and rope collisions. Reactor can also simulate dynamics of any supported type interacting with a water volume, with adjustable viscosity and depth.
Forces and constraints
Reactor includes a large number of forces that can be used in simulation, apart from the default gravity: springs, dashpots, motors, wind, fractures (breakable objects), and a "toy car" type, with definable body/axis/wheels. Reactor also has many constraints available, including hinges, point-to-point constraints, prismatic constraints, car-wheel constraints, point-to-path constraints, and ragdoll constraints to simulate a lifeless body. In addition, Reactor is compatible with Space Warp modifiers in 3ds Max.
References
3D graphics software
Software companies of Ireland
Computer physics engines
Intel software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius%20H.%20Kroehl
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Julius Hermann Kroehl (in German, Kröhl) (1820 – September 9, 1867) was a German American inventor and engineer. He invented and built the first submarine able to dive and resurface on its own, the Sub Marine Explorer, technically advanced for its era. His achievements in architecture, civil and mechanical engineering were also significant.
Origins and personal life
Early life
Julius Hermann Kröhl was born 1820 in Memel, East Prussia (today Klaipėda in Lithuania). His family moved to Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia around 1828. He arrived in New York City on 29 July 1844 on board the Fairfield. While residing in New York City, he became an American citizen on October 26, 1849, formally renouncing any loyalty to the King of Prussia and taking on the duties of American citizenship. During his civilian employment with the United States Navy, he was referred to as "captain." Using the honorific title of "captain" was usually indicative of holding an officer's commission in foreign army or having served as an officer in a volunteer militia or fire company. In his letter of introduction to Brigadier General Jacob Lauman, his qualifications were described as having served "in the artillery abroad."
Family
His father was Jacob Kroehl. He was a merchant in Memel. From 1829 to 1833, the family residence was listed as Hausvogteiplatz 11, Berlin, suggesting that the family relocated to the Prussian capitol around that time. His mother, Johann Philipine Dorothea, later immigrated to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion%20%28disambiguation%29
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Motion is a change in position of an object over time.
Motion(s) or The Motion(s) may also refer to:
Law and government
Motion (legal), a procedural device in law
Motion (parliamentary procedure), a formal proposal by a member of a deliberative assembly
Mathematics, science and technology
Motion (geometry), a type of transformation in various geometrical studies
Motion graphics, animation or digital footage that creates the illusion of motion
Motion (software), a motion graphics software application by Apple
Motion, the connecting rods and valve-gear of a steam locomotive
Music
Groups
Pete Nischt and the Motions, an American band
The Motions (band), a Dutch rock band 1964–1970
Albums
Motion (Calvin Harris album), 2014
Motion (The Cinematic Orchestra album), 1999
Motion (Lee Konitz album), 1961
Motion (Tresor album), 2021
Motion (EP), by the Mayfield Four, 1997
Motion, by Almah, 2011
Motion, by Eumir Deodato, 1984
Motion, by Geoff Muldaur, 1976
Motions, an EP by Jeremy Zucker, 2017
Songs
"The Motions" (song), by Matthew West, 2009
"Motion", by Khalid from Suncity, 2018
"Motion", by Luke Hemmings from When Facing The Things We Turn Away From, 2021
"The Motion", a song by Drake from Care Package, 2019
"The Motions", by Dashboard Confessional from Alter the Ending, 2009
Places
Motion, California, a community in the United States
The Motion, a settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
People
Alice Motion (born 1984), British chemist
And
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre%27s%20equation
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In mathematics, Legendre's equation is the Diophantine equation
The equation is named for Adrien-Marie Legendre who proved in 1785 that it is solvable in integers x, y, z, not all zero, if and only if
−bc, −ca and −ab are quadratic residues modulo a, b and c, respectively, where a, b, c are nonzero, square-free, pairwise relatively prime integers, not all positive or all negative .
References
L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers. Vol.II: Diophantine Analysis, Chelsea Publishing, 1971, . Chap.XIII, p. 422.
J.E. Cremona and D. Rusin, "Efficient solution of rational conics", Math. Comp., 72 (2003) pp. 1417-1441.
Diophantine equations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meager
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Meager or Meagre may refer to:
Meagre set (also meager set) in mathematics
Mount Meager (British Columbia) in British Columbia, Canada
Mount Meager massif in British Columbia, Canada
Meager Creek, a creek in British Columbia, Canada
Meagre, Argyrosomus regius, a fish
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-abelian%20group
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In mathematics, and specifically in group theory, a non-abelian group, sometimes called a non-commutative group, is a group (G, ∗) in which there exists at least one pair of elements a and b of G, such that a ∗ b ≠ b ∗ a. This class of groups contrasts with the abelian groups, where all pairs of group elements commute.
Non-abelian groups are pervasive in mathematics and physics. One of the simplest examples of a non-abelian group is the dihedral group of order 6. It is the smallest finite non-abelian group. A common example from physics is the rotation group SO(3) in three dimensions (for example, rotating something 90 degrees along one axis and then 90 degrees along a different axis is not the same as doing them in reverse order).
Both discrete groups and continuous groups may be non-abelian. Most of the interesting Lie groups are non-abelian, and these play an important role in gauge theory.
See also
Associative algebra
Noncommutative geometry
Niels Henrik Abel
References
Properties of groups
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell%20theory
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The term shell theory may refer to:
The shell theorem of fields and potentials due to a spherically symmetrical body
Part of the theory of plates and shells in continuum mechanics
The membrane theory of shells in continuum mechanics
The nuclear shell model in quantum mechanics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermathematics
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Supermathematics is the branch of mathematical physics which applies the mathematics of Lie superalgebras to the behaviour of bosons and fermions. The driving force in its formation in the 1960s and 1970s was Felix Berezin.
Objects of study include superalgebras (such as super Minkowski space and super-Poincaré algebra), superschemes, supermetrics/supersymmetry, supermanifolds, supergeometry, and supergravity, namely in the context of superstring theory.
References
"The importance of Lie algebras"; Professor Isaiah Kantor, Lund University
External links
Felix Berezin, The Life and Death of the Mastermind of Supermathematics, edited by Mikhail Shifman, World Scientific, Singapore, 2007,
Mathematical physics
Supersymmetry
Lie algebras
String theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau%20%28disambiguation%29
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Tau (Τ or τ) is the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet.
Tau may also refer to:
Mathematics
Tau (mathematical constant), a circle constant equal to (6.28318...)
Tau test in statistics (tau-a, tau-b and tau-c tests or Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient)
Tau function (disambiguation), several
Geography
Tau, Norway, a small town in Strand municipality, Rogaland county, Norway
Tău (disambiguation), two villages in Romania
Ta‘ū, an island in the Manua Island Group of American Samoa
Ta'u County, a county in American Samoa
Tau (Tongatapu), an island of the Tongatapu group in Tonga
Tau (Haapai), an island of the Haapai group in Tonga
Tau (Botswana), a village at the base of the Tswapong Hills in Botswana
Science and technology
TAU (spacecraft), a proposal to send a space probe to a thousand astronomical units from the Earth
Tau (particle), also called Tau lepton, an elementary particle in particle physics
Tau emerald, a species of dragonfly
Tau neutrino a subatomic elementary particle
Tau protein, a biochemical protein associated with microtubules
Tau, the standard astronomical abbreviation for Taurus (constellation)
Tau, a mutation in the Casein kinase 1 epsilon protein, in circadian biology
Rational Tau, a UML and SysML modeling tool
Opsanus tau, the scientific name for the oyster toadfish
Arts and media
Tau (film), a 2018 thriller film starring Maika Monroe
Tău (Negură Bunget album), a 2015 album by Romanian black metal band Negură Bunget
Tau, an alien rac
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Widrow
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Bernard Widrow (born December 24, 1929) is a U.S. professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University. He is the co-inventor of the Widrow–Hoff least mean squares filter (LMS) adaptive algorithm with his then doctoral student Ted Hoff. The LMS algorithm led to the ADALINE and MADALINE artificial neural networks and to the backpropagation technique. He made other fundamental contributions to the development of signal processing in the fields of geophysics, adaptive antennas, and adaptive filtering.
Publications
1965 "A critical comparison of two kinds of adaptive classification networks", K. Steinbuch and B. Widrow, IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers, pp. 737–740.
1985 B. Widrow and S. D. Stearns. Adaptive Signal Processing. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1985.
1994 B. Widrow and E. Walach. Adaptive Inverse Control. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1994.
2008 B. Widrow and I. Kollar. Quantization Noise: Roundoff Error in Digital Computation, Signal Processing, Control, and Communications. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Honors
Elected Fellow IEEE, 1976
Elected Fellow AAAS, 1980
IEEE Centennial Medal, 1984
IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal, 1986
IEEE Neural Networks Pioneer Medal, 1991
Inducted into the National Academy of Engineering, 1995
IEEE Signal Processing Society Award, 1999
IEEE Millennium Medal, 2000
Benjamin Franklin Medal, 2001
International Neural Network Society (INNIS) Board member 2004
He was one of the Board of Governors of th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context%20%28computing%29
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In computer science, a task context is the minimal set of data used by a task (which may be a process, thread, or fiber) that must be saved to allow a task to be interrupted, and later continued from the same point. The concept of context assumes significance in the case of interruptible tasks, wherein, upon being interrupted, the processor saves the context and proceeds to serve the interrupt service routine. Thus, the smaller the context is, the smaller the latency is.
The context data may be located in processor registers, memory used by the task, or in control registers used by some operating systems to manage the task.
The storage memory (files used by a task) is not concerned by the "task context" in the case of a context switch, even if this can be stored for some uses (checkpointing).
The context can also be viewed as a mechanism that allows a state of a program to be transferred between its components.
Context types
In some computer languages like C#, there is also the concept of safe/secure context. For instance, if an array is needed inside a structure, it can be added to it since version 2.0, but only in an unsafe/unsecure context. Here is an example code:
struct ParameterRepresentation
{
char target;
char taskStart;
char taskType;
fixed byte traceValues[m_MAX_BYTES];
};
The fixed keyword prevents the garbage collector from relocating this variable. The access to an array is like in C++, i.e. using pointer arithmetic, where individual element
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20neuroscience
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From the ancient Egyptian mummifications to 18th-century scientific research on "globules" and neurons, there is evidence of neuroscience practice throughout the early periods of history. The early civilizations lacked adequate means to obtain knowledge about the human brain. Their assumptions about the inner workings of the mind, therefore, were not accurate. Early views on the function of the brain regarded it to be a form of "cranial stuffing" of sorts. In ancient Egypt, from the late Middle Kingdom onwards, in preparation for mummification, the brain was regularly removed, for it was the heart that was assumed to be the seat of intelligence. According to Herodotus, during the first step of mummification: "The most perfect practice is to extract as much of the brain as possible with an iron hook, and what the hook cannot reach is mixed with drugs." Over the next five thousand years, this view came to be reversed; the brain is now known to be the seat of intelligence, although colloquial variations of the former remain as in "memorizing something by heart".
Antiquity
The earliest reference to the brain occurs in the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus, written in the 17th century BC. The hieroglyph for brain, occurring eight times in this papyrus, describes the symptoms, diagnosis, and prognosis of two patients, wounded in the head, who had compound fractures of the skull. The assessments of the author (a battlefield surgeon) of the papyrus allude to ancient Egyptians having a v
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric%20connection
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In mathematics, a metric connection is a connection in a vector bundle E equipped with a bundle metric; that is, a metric for which the inner product of any two vectors will remain the same when those vectors are parallel transported along any curve. This is equivalent to:
A connection for which the covariant derivatives of the metric on E vanish.
A principal connection on the bundle of orthonormal frames of E.
A special case of a metric connection is a Riemannian connection; there exists a unique such connection which is torsion free, the Levi-Civita connection. In this case, the bundle E is the tangent bundle TM of a manifold, and the metric on E is induced by a Riemannian metric on M.
Another special case of a metric connection is a Yang–Mills connection, which satisfies the Yang–Mills equations of motion. Most of the machinery of defining a connection and its curvature can be worked through without requiring any compatibility with the bundle metric. However, once one does require compatibility, this metric connection defines an inner product, Hodge star (which additionally needs a choice of orientation), and Laplacian, which are required to formulate the Yang–Mills equations.
Definition
Let be any local sections of the vector bundle E, and let X be a vector field on the base space M of the bundle. Let define a bundle metric, that is, a metric on the vector fibers of E. Then, a connection D on E is a metric connection if:
Here d is the ordinary differential of a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holomorphic%20vector%20bundle
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In mathematics, a holomorphic vector bundle is a complex vector bundle over a complex manifold such that the total space is a complex manifold and the projection map is holomorphic. Fundamental examples are the holomorphic tangent bundle of a complex manifold, and its dual, the holomorphic cotangent bundle. A holomorphic line bundle is a rank one holomorphic vector bundle.
By Serre's GAGA, the category of holomorphic vector bundles on a smooth complex projective variety X (viewed as a complex manifold) is equivalent to the category of algebraic vector bundles (i.e., locally free sheaves of finite rank) on X.
Definition through trivialization
Specifically, one requires that the trivialization maps
are biholomorphic maps. This is equivalent to requiring that the transition functions
are holomorphic maps. The holomorphic structure on the tangent bundle of a complex manifold is guaranteed by the remark that the derivative (in the appropriate sense) of a vector-valued holomorphic function is itself holomorphic.
The sheaf of holomorphic sections
Let be a holomorphic vector bundle. A local section is said to be holomorphic if, in a neighborhood of each point of , it is holomorphic in some (equivalently any) trivialization.
This condition is local, meaning that holomorphic sections form a sheaf on . This sheaf is sometimes denoted , or abusively by . Such a sheaf is always locally free of the same rank as the rank of the vector bundle. If is the trivial line bundle th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactic
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Tactic(s) or Tactical may refer to:
Tactic (method), a conceptual action implemented as one or more specific tasks
Military tactics, the disposition and maneuver of units on a particular sea or battlefield
Chess tactics
Political tactics
TACTIC (military program), a U.S. military research program conducted by DARPA
Computer science
TACTIC (web framework), a smart process application by Southpaw Technology
Geography
Tactic, Guatemala, a municipality in the Alta Verapaz department
Entertainment
Tactics, a dart game similar to cricket
"Tactics", a 1995 song by The Yellow Monkey
Tactics (album), a 1996 album by John Abercrombie
Tactics (band), an Australian band
Tactics (game), generally credited as the first board wargame
Tactics (manga), a Japanese manga series
Tactic (video game), a puzzle video game
Tactics (video games studio), a Japanese visual novel studio
Tactical (album), a 2011 album by World Under Blood
See also
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balian%E2%80%93Low%20theorem
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In mathematics, the Balian–Low theorem in Fourier analysis is named for Roger Balian and Francis E. Low.
The theorem states that there is no well-localized window function (or Gabor atom) g either in time or frequency for an exact Gabor frame (Riesz Basis).
Statement
Suppose g is a square-integrable function on the real line, and consider the so-called Gabor system
for integers m and n, and a,b>0 satisfying ab=1. The Balian–Low theorem states that if
is an orthonormal basis for the Hilbert space
then either
Generalizations
The Balian–Low theorem has been extended to exact Gabor frames.
See also
Gabor filter (in image processing)
References
Theorems in Fourier analysis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gametrak
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Gametrak is a brand of 3-dimensional game control systems based on position tracking, designed for home video game platforms such as video game consoles and personal computers. The first Gametrak was invented in 2000 by Elliott Myers, who developed and guided the Gamester video game peripheral range for Leda Media Products and later Radica Games. Myers founded gaming company In2Games around Gametrak in November 2000.
The main hardware for the original Gametrak is the base unit, a weighted device positioned on the floor in front of the display. The base unit communicates with the console or PC by Universal Serial Bus. and also features an attached foot-pedal input.
Technology
The Gametrak uses a patented mechanical system for tracking position of physical elements in three-dimensional space in real time. The base unit features two identical mechanisms, each of which can determine the three-dimensional coordinates of an associated element relative to the mechanism. Each mechanism contains a retracting cable reel and a small tubular guide arm from which the cable passes out. The guide arm is articulated in a ball joint such that the arm and ball follow the angle at which the cable extends from the mechanism. At the end of the cable is a fastener for connecting to the tracked element.
The distance of the tracked element from the mechanism is determined through components which measure the rotation of the spool drum for the retracting cable reel, and calculating how far the ca
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riesz%20sequence
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In mathematics, a sequence of vectors (xn) in a Hilbert space is called a Riesz sequence if there exist constants such that
for all sequences of scalars (an) in the ℓp space ℓ2. A Riesz sequence is called a Riesz basis if
.
Alternatively, one can define the Riesz basis as a family of the form , where is an orthonormal basis for and is a bounded bijective operator.
Paley-Wiener criterion
Let be an orthonormal basis for a Hilbert space and let be "close" to in the sense that
for some constant , , and arbitrary scalars . Then is a Riesz basis for . Hence, Riesz bases need not be orthonormal.
Theorems
If H is a finite-dimensional space, then every basis of H is a Riesz basis.
Let be in the Lp space L2(R), let
and let denote the Fourier transform of . Define constants c and C with . Then the following are equivalent:
The first of the above conditions is the definition for () to form a Riesz basis for the space it spans.
See also
Orthonormal basis
Hilbert space
Frame of a vector space
References
Functional analysis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access%20control%20matrix
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In computer science, an access control matrix or access matrix is an abstract, formal security model of protection state in computer systems, that characterizes the rights of each subject with respect to every object in the system. It was first introduced by Butler W. Lampson in 1971.
An access matrix can be envisioned as a rectangular array of cells, with one row per subject and one column per object. The entry in a cell – that is, the entry for a particular subject-object pair – indicates the access mode that the subject is permitted to exercise on the object. Each column is equivalent to an access control list for the object; and each row is equivalent to an access profile for the subject.
Definition
According to the model, the protection state of a computer system can be abstracted as a set of objects , that is the set of entities that needs to be protected (e.g. processes, files, memory pages) and a set of subjects , that consists of all active entities (e.g. users, processes). Further there exists a set of rights of the form , where , and . A right thereby specifies the kind of access a subject is allowed to process object.
Example
In this matrix example there exist two processes, two assets, a file, and a device. The first process is the owner of asset 1, has the ability to execute asset 2, read the file, and write some information to the device, while the second process is the owner of asset 2 and can read asset 1.
Utility
Because it does not define the granular
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20of%20biotechnology%20articles
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Biotechnology is a technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine.
Of the many different definitions available, the one formulated by the UN Convention on Biological Diversity is one of the broadest:
"Biotechnology means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use." (Article 2. Use of Terms)
More about Biotechnology...
This page provides an alphabetical list of articles and other pages (including categories, lists, etc.) about biotechnology.
A
Agrobacterium -- Affymetrix -- Alcoholic beverages -- :Category:Alcoholic beverages -- Amgen -- Antibiotic -- Artificial selection
B
Biochemical engineering -- Biochip -- Biodiesel -- Bioengineering -- Biofuel -- Biogas -- Biogen Idec -- Bioindicator -- Bioinformatics -- :Category:Bioinformatics -- Bioleaching -- Biological agent -- Biological warfare -- Bioluminescence -- Biomimetics -- Bionanotechnology -- Bionics --Biopharmacology -- Biophotonics -- Bioreactor -- Bioremediation -- Biostimulation -- Biosynthesis -- Biotechnology -- :Category:Biotechnology -- :Category:Biotechnology companies -- :Category:Biotechnology products -- Bt corn
C
Cancer immunotherapy -- Cell therapy -- Chimera (genetics) -- Chinese hamster -- Chinese Hamster Ovary cell -- Chiron Corp. -- Cloning -- Compost -- Composting -- Convention on Biological Diversity -- Chromatography
D
Directive
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turko-Iranian
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Turko-Iranian describes several cultural aspects of Iran, involving various combinations of Turkic and Iranian (or Persian) elements.
The various Turkic and Iranian hybrid traits pertaining to culture, dynasties as well population genetics of various peoples in Central Asia, as well as parts of Southwest Asia and South Asia. (See also: Persianate, Turko-Persian Tradition.)
The Oghuz and Iranian speaking countries such as Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan whose cultures have been influenced by the Persianate society and who are a part of the Greater Iran.
The Turkic speaking minorities of Iran—e.g., Azeris, Qashqais. (See Iranian Turks)
Turco-Persian society in the 15th to 17th centuries.
A term for those living on the Iran–Turkey border.
A term used to refer to the bilateral relations between Turkey and Iran.
References
Iranian culture
Society of Iran
Iran–Turkey relations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus%20Nanotechnology%20Building
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The Marcus Nanotechnology Building (MNB) is a Georgia Institute of Technology facility. The building was constructed on the site of the Electronics Research Building, the former home of GTRI's Information and Communications Laboratory. It was opened on April 24, 2009, as the Marcus Nanotechnology Research Center, a name it held until October 2013.
Research
The Marcus Nanotechnology Building (MNB) is now the headquarters for the Institute of Electronics and Nanotechnology (IEN), one of Georgia Tech's several new Interdisciplinary Research Institutes (IRI). In addition to being the headquarters for the IEN, the building houses the largest cleanroom laboratory dedicated to the fabrication, characterization, and assembly of biomedical and semiconductor devices in the Southeast United States.
These shared-user open laboratories are part of the National Science Foundation's National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), a network of 14 such facilities at universities around the US. The laboratories are available to global academics, industry and government personnel on a fee recovery basis enabling students, scientists and engineers who perform research on nanotechnology to study the characteristics and behavior of atoms and molecules, and to use that knowledge to create new materials and tiny nano-scale tools and machines.
Status
The Information and Communications Laboratory was previously located on the site, and has been moved to GCATT. The Electronics Research Buildi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20Tech%20Europe
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Georgia Tech Europe (GTE) is a campus of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Metz, France and is part of Georgia Tech's International Plan. GTE offers undergraduate and graduate programs in electrical and computer engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, and liberal arts.
Organization
Georgia Tech Europe is integrated into French and American structures—it is an affiliate of the Georgia Institute of Technology, and it is incorporated under French law as a non-profit organization (“Association à but non lucratif").
GTE is also home to a sponsored research program through the Georgia Tech – CNRS Unité Mixte Internationale (GT-CNRS UMI 2958), an international joint laboratory between the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, and the French National Centre for Scientific Research in the area of advanced materials, secured networks, non-linear dynamics and optics, and robotics.
History
Georgia Tech-Europe was established as Georgia Institute of Technology's first international campus in 1990. Initially offering a graduate program in electrical and computer engineering, GTE has expanded its graduate program to include degree programs in mechanical engineering and computer science. Instruction is in English and admissions are through Georgia Tech's home campus in Atlanta, Georgia. GTE subsequently expanded its academic programs to include undergraduate program in the fall, spring and summer. As of 2012, over 3,000 undergraduate an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin%20B.%20Gottlieb
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Melvin Burt Gottlieb (May 25, 1917 in Chicago, Illinois – December 1, 2000 in Haverford Township, Pennsylvania) was a high-energy physicist and director of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (1961–1980). With Van Allen he did the early studies of the magnetosphere, and he later led US fusion research.
Personal life
Gottlieb was born on May 25, 1917, to Ezra Benjamin Gottlieb and Sara Gottlieb née Hotz in Chicago and received his bachelor's degree in mathematics and doctorate in physics from the University of Chicago. He was married on June 26, 1948, to Golda Gehrman and they had two daughters.
Early physics
During World War II Gottlieb worked on radar counter-measures and with Van Allen on early cosmic ray studies.
In 1950 Gottlieb accepted an appointment as assistant professor at the State University of Iowa where he continued to work with Van Allen. Starting in 1952 he went on several expeditions to the Arctic on behalf of the Office of Naval Research, where balloons, attached to ion chambers, and launched from rockets were used to study the magnetosphere.
Fusion
Beginning in 1954 Gottlieb started work on fusion research at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory for the federal government. The work was at the time highly classified. When he arrived Lyman Spitzer’s Stellarator was in its early development. His administrative abilities were quickly recognized and as early as 1958 he was testifying before congress about the need for adequate funds for fusion re
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddling%20%28civil%20engineering%29
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Puddling is both the material and the process of lining a water body such as a channel or pond with puddle clay (puddle, puddling) – a watertight (low hydraulic conductivity) material based on clay and water mixed to be workable.
Puddle clay as a lining
Puddling is used in maintaining canals or reservoirs on permeable ground. The technique of puddling and its use was developed by early canal engineer James Brindley; it is considered his greatest contribution to engineering. This processed material was used extensively in UK canal construction in the period starting circa 1780. Starting about 1840 puddle clay was used more widely as the water-retaining element (or core) within earthfill dams, particularly in the Pennines. Its usage in UK dams was superseded about 1960 by the use of rolled clay in the core, and better control of moisture content.
A considerable number of early notable dams were built in that era and they are now sometimes referred to as the 'Pennines embankment' type. These dams are characterized by a slender vertical puddle clay core supported on both sides by earthfill shoulders of more heterogeneous material. To control under-seepage through the natural foundation below the dam, the Pennines embankments generally constructed a puddle clay-filled cutoff trench in rock directly below the central core. Later construction often used concrete to fill the cutoff trench.
To make puddle, clay or heavy loam is chopped with a spade and mixed into a plastic state
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasing%20%28disambiguation%29
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Phasing may refer to:
Phasing, a technique in musical composition
Phasing, the use of the Phaser (effect), an audio signal processing technique
Science
Phase-out of chlorofluorocarbon
Phase-out of incandescent light bulbs
Fossil fuel phase-out
Phase-out of lightweight plastic bags
Nuclear power phase-out
Entertainment
Marching band phasing
Phasing (Magic mechanic) a creature mechanic in Magic: The Gathering
See also
Phase (disambiguation)
Phaser (disambiguation)
Phasor (disambiguation)
Out-of-body experience
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHSV
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WHSV may refer to:
Weight Hourly Space velocity (chemistry)
WHSV-TV, a television station (channel 20, virtual 3) licensed to serve Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20A.%20Benner
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Steven Albert Benner (born October 23, 1954) is an American chemist. He has been a professor at Harvard University, ETH Zurich, and most recently at the University of Florida, where he was the V.T. & Louise Jackson Distinguished Professor of Chemistry. In 2005, he founded The Westheimer Institute of Science and Technology (TWIST) and the Foundation For Applied Molecular Evolution. Benner has also founded the companies EraGen Biosciences and Firebird BioMolecular Sciences LLC.
Benner and his colleagues were the first to synthesize a gene, beginning the field of synthetic biology. He was instrumental in establishing the field of paleogenetics. He is interested in the origin of life and the chemical conditions and processes needed to produce RNA. Benner has worked with NASA to develop detectors for alien genetic materials, using the definition of life developed by the NASA Exobiology Discipline Working Group in 1992, “a self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution”.
Education
Benner attended Yale University, receiving his B.S./M.S. in molecular biophysics and biochemistry in 1976. He then went to Harvard University, receiving his Ph.D. in chemistry in 1979. He worked under the supervision of Robert Burns Woodward, completing his thesis work with Frank Westheimer after Woodward's death. His Ph.D. thesis was Absolute stereochemistry of acetoacetate decarboxylase, betaine-homocysteine transmethylase, and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase.
Career
After graduati
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glow
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Glow or GLOW may refer to:
In science and technology
In computing and telecommunications
Glow (JavaScript library), an open-source JavaScript library created by the BBC
Glow (Scottish Schools National Intranet), a telecommunications project in Scotland
In physics
Incandescence, the emission of electromagnetic radiation from a hot object
Luminescence, any form of light emission not resulting from heat
List of light sources
Other uses in science and technology
Glow or Bloom (shader effect), computer graphics effect
GLOW (gross lift-off weight), see maximum takeoff weight
In arts and entertainment
In film and television
The Glow (film), a 2002 TV film starring Portia de Rossi
Glow (2000 film), a film starring Frankie Ingrassia
Glow (2011 film), a film starring Tony Lo Bianco
The Glow (TV series), a 2000s television series starring Dean Cain
GLOW TV, a syndicated televised version of the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling events from 1986 to 1990 with 104 episodes
GLOW: The Story of the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling, a 2012 documentary about the 1980s TV show
GLOW (TV series), a 2017 comedy-drama series based on the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling
In music
Albums
Glow (Al Jarreau album), 1976
Glow (Brett Eldredge album), 2016
Glow (Andy Hunter album), 2012
Glow (Donavon Frankenreiter album), 2010
Glow (The Innocence Mission album), 1995
Glow (Jackson and His Computerband album), 2013
Glow (Joey Yung album), or the title song, 2007
Glow (Kaki King album), 20
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica%20Universalis
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Arithmetica Universalis ("Universal Arithmetic") is a mathematics text by Isaac Newton. Written in Latin, it was edited and published by William Whiston, Newton's successor as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge. The Arithmetica was based on Newton's lecture notes.
Whiston's original edition was published in 1707. It was translated into English by Joseph Raphson, who published it in 1720 as the Universal Arithmetick. John Machin published a second Latin edition in 1722.
None of these editions credit Newton as author; Newton was unhappy with the publication of the Arithmetica, and so refused to have his name appear. In fact, when Whiston's edition was published, Newton was so upset he considered purchasing all of the copies so he could destroy them.
The Arithmetica touches on algebraic notation, arithmetic, the relationship between geometry and algebra, and the solution of equations. Newton also applied Descartes' rule of signs to imaginary roots. He also offered, without proof, a rule to determine the number of imaginary roots of polynomial equations. A rigorous proof of Newton's counting formula for equations up to and including the fifth degree was published by James Joseph Sylvester in 1864.
References
The Arithmetica Universalis from the Grace K. Babson Collection, including links to PDFs of English and Latin versions of the Arithmetica
Centre College Library information on Newton's works
External links
Arithmetica Universalis (1707),
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah%20M.%20Gordon
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Deborah M. Gordon (born December 30, 1955) is a biologist, appointed as a professor in the Department of Biology at Stanford University.
Major research
Gordon studies ant colony behavior and ecology, with a particular focus on red harvester ants. She focuses on the developing behavior of colonies, even as individual ants change functions within their own lifetimes.
Gordon's fieldwork includes a long-term study of ant colonies in Arizona. She is the author of numerous articles and papers as well as the book Ants at Work for the general public, and she was profiled in The New York Times Magazine in 1999.
In 2012, she found that the foraging behavior of red harvester ants matches the TCP congestion control algorithm.
Education
Gordon received a Ph.D. in zoology from Duke in 1983, an M.Sc. in Biology from Stanford in 1977 and a bachelor's degree from Oberlin College, where she majored in French.
She was a junior fellow of the Harvard Society of Fellows.
Awards and recognition
In 1993, Gordon was named a Stanford MacNamara Fellow. In 1995 Gordon received an award for teaching excellence from the Phi Beta Kappa Northern California Association. In 2001 Gordon was awarded a Guggenheim fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. In 2003, Gordon was invited to speak at a TED conference. She is also an adviser to the Microbes Mind Forum.
Bibliography
References
External links
The Gordon Lab
1955 births
Living people
Myrmecologists
American entomol
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simcoe%20Composite%20School
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Simcoe Composite School is a high school in Simcoe, Ontario, Canada.
More than 800 students attend this rural secondary school and courses range from English, French, Art, Music, and Mathematics to Computer Sciences, Business, Athletics, Cosmetology, Tech, World History, Civics, and Drama class. Megan Timpf, a representative for the 2008 Canadian softball team at the Olympic Games in Beijing attended this high school.
Other notable alumni include the late saxophonist Margo Davidson, one of the founding members of The Parachute Club, which achieved international success in the 1980s, and Rick Danko, the bassist of The Band. Rob Blake, the former captain of the Los Angeles Kings of the NHL and Olympic Gold Medal winner for men's ice hockey, also attended Simcoe Composite School starting in 1983 and ending around 1987. Dr. Robert Gardner emigrated to this school from Glasgow, Scotland and graduated as a member of the Class of 1956.
See also
List of high schools in Ontario
References
External links
Grand Erie District School Board
Weather Network
Educational institutions established in 1893
High schools in Norfolk County, Ontario
School buildings in Canada destroyed by arson
1893 establishments in Ontario
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20Revere
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Lawrence Revere (born Griffith K. Owens; November 5, 1915 – April 23, 1977) was an author, casino pit boss, and professional blackjack player best known for his book Playing Blackjack as a Business. Revere played under multiple aliases, including Leonard "Speck" Parsons and Paul Mann.
Education and personal life
Revere had a degree in mathematics from the University of Nebraska.
He died of cancer on April 23, 1977.
Card counting
Revere promoted the following card counting strategies developed with Julian Braun, which were detailed in Playing Blackjack as a Business:
The Revere Point Count
The Revere Five Count Strategy
The Reverse Plus-Minus Strategy
The Ten Count Strategy
Revere Point Count was highly popular in the early days of counting and is still considered a benchmark strategy. His book only gave the single-deck version. He sold the multi-deck version and it is still sold decades later by relatives. He also sold high-level strategies referred to as Revere Advanced Point Count (RAPC.) These are now generally considered obsolete due to unnecessary complexity – although they are still valid and in use today.
Revere was a controversial figure as he worked both sides of the game at once (casino and player), advising both sides. But he was also known as a master of avoiding detection by casinos, and as an early proponent of composition-dependent strategy and floating advantage. And he trained many of the early counters, some of whom use his strategies to this day.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20consumption
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Energy consumption is the amount of energy used.
Biology
In the body, energy consumption is part of energy homeostasis. It derived from food energy. Energy consumption in the body is a product of the basal metabolic rate and the physical activity level. The physical activity level are defined for a non-pregnant, non-lactating adult as that person's total energy expenditure (TEE) in a 24-hour period, divided by his or her basal metabolic rate (BMR):
Demographics
Topics related to energy consumption in a demographic sense are:
World energy supply and consumption
Domestic energy consumption
Electric energy consumption
Effects of energy consumption
Environmental impact of the energy industry
Climate change
White's law
Reduction of energy consumption
Energy conservation, the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy used
Efficient energy use
See also
Energy efficiency
Energy efficiency in transport
Electricity generation
Energy mix
Energy policy
Energy transformation
References
External links
World energy consumption per capita per country
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonide
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Argonide Corporation is a Florida nanotechnology company. The company was formed in 1994 by American Fred Tepper, partly to provide employment for former Russian (government) scientists. Argonide began offering nanometal powders made by the exploding wire method (EWM) in 1997.
Their main product, NanoCeram, uses aluminum oxide nanofibers for water filtration. The filter uses nanofibers originally developed at the Design Technology Center (DTC) in Tomsk, Russia. NanoCeram can be incorporated into glass and cellulose non-woven sheets, is an extremely effective filtration medium. The aluminum oxide fibers, which are only 2 nanometers wide, attract dirt, bacteria, viruses, and proteins using an electrostatic effect. NanoCeram can match the particle removal effectiveness of ultrafiltration, and it allows orders-of-magnitude higher flow rates at a given pressure difference or pressure drop.
Argonide has been awarded a NASA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract to filter water aboard the Space Shuttles. In 2002 it won an R&D 100 Award, given annually to the top 100 most technologically significant new products by R&D Magazine.
References
External links
Argonide
NASA article on water filters
About NASA contract
Technology companies of the United States
Companies based in Florida
Technology companies established in 1994
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoconjugate
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Glycoconjugates are the classification family for carbohydrates – referred to as glycans – which are covalently linked with chemical species such as proteins, peptides, lipids, and other compounds. Glycoconjugates are formed in processes termed glycosylation.
Glycoconjugates are very important compounds in biology and consist of many different categories such as glycoproteins, glycopeptides, peptidoglycans, glycolipids, glycosides, and lipopolysaccharides. They are involved in cell–cell interactions, including cell–cell recognition; in cell–matrix interactions; in detoxification processes.
Generally, the carbohydrate part(s) play an integral role in the function of a glycoconjugate; prominent examples of this are neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and blood proteins where fine details in the carbohydrate structure determine cell binding (or not) or lifetime in circulation.
Although the important molecular species DNA, RNA, ATP, cAMP, cGMP, NADH, NADPH, and coenzyme A all contain a carbohydrate part, generally they are not considered as glycoconjugates.
Glycocojugates is covalent linking of carbohydrates antigens to protein scaffolds with goal of achieving a long term immunological response in body. Immunization with glycoconjugates successfully induced long term immune memory against carbohydrates antigens. Glycoconjugate vaccines was introduced since the 1990s have yielded effective results against influenza and meningococcus.
In 2021 glycoRNAs were observed for the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Glasstone
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Samuel Glasstone (3 May 1897 – 16 November 1986) was a British-born American academic and writer of scientific books. He authored over 40 popular textbooks on physical chemistry and electrochemistry, reaction rates, nuclear weapons effects, nuclear reactor engineering, Mars, space sciences, the environmental effects of nuclear energy and nuclear testing.
Early life
Glasstone was born on 3 May 1897 in London. He received two doctorates, in 1922 and 1926 (PhD and DSc), in chemistry at London University. Glasstone discovered the C–H···O interaction in 1937. After several academic appointments in England, he moved to the US in 1939 and became a naturalized citizen in 1944.
Career
After numerous studies of physical chemistry, for example the discovery of the C–H···O interaction mentioned above, Glasstone worked with Henry Eyring and Keith Laidler on the theory of absolute reaction rates.
Publications
His book The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, co-authored with Philip J. Dolan, has appeared in three editions: 1957, 1962, and 1977 (originally titled The Effects of Atomic Weapons), and documented the effects of nuclear explosions. He published several important texts on physical chemistry and theoretical chemistry, including the very popular 'A textbook of Physical Chemistry' (1943), and 'Elements of Physical Chemistry' (1960).
References
on AtomicArchive.com website
Technical writers
1897 births
Manhattan Project people
American science writers
1986 deaths
American physical c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow%20fluorescent%20protein
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Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is a genetic mutant of green fluorescent protein (GFP) originally derived from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Its excitation peak is 513 nm and its emission peak is 527 nm. Like the parent GFP, YFP is a useful tool in cell and molecular biology because the excitation and emission peaks of YFP are distinguishable from GFP which allows for the study of multiple processes/proteins within the same experiment.
Three improved versions of YFP are Citrine, Venus, and Ypet. They have reduced chloride sensitivity, faster maturation, and increased brightness (defined as the product of the extinction coefficient and quantum yield). Typically, YFP serves as the acceptor for genetically-encoded FRET sensors of which the most likely donor FP is monomeric cyan fluorescent protein (mCFP). The red-shift relative to GFP is caused by a Pi-Pi stacking interaction as a result of the T203Y substitution introduced by mutation, which essentially increases the polarizability of the local chromophore environment as well as providing additional electron density into the chromophore.
"Venus" contains a novel amino acid substitution –F46L– which accelerates the oxidation of the chromophore at 37°C, the rate limiting step of maturation. The protein has other substitutions (F64L/ M153T/ V163A/ S175G), permitting Venus to fold well and giving it relative tolerance to acidosis and Cl−.
Evolution of YFP from GFP
Four protein mutations from the wild-type GFP found in Ae
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcade%20Pool
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Arcade Pool is a cue sports simulation game developed and published in 1994 by Team17, initially for the Amiga. The game was later ported to MS-DOS. An Amiga CD32 release followed. The game is a top-down pool simulator with accurate physics. It includes many British and American variations of pool as well as two variations of ball set (standard UK red and yellow, and standard US circles and stripes).
Computer-controlled players are named after members of Team17 Staff (with Creative Director Martyn Brown being the most difficult computer-controlled player). The computer-controlled players with the lowest difficulty are all named after staff of Future Publishing-owned Amiga gaming magazine Amiga Power, adding more fuel to the fierce rivalry between the two companies.
Legacy
A sequel, Arcade Pool 2 (alternately stylized Arcade Pool II), was published in 1999 by Hasbro Interactive through their MicroProse label. It was essentially an updated and overhauled version of the original, albeit with Internet play and additional play modes.
References
External links
Arcade Pool at the Hall of Light
Arcade Snooker at the Hall of Light
1994 video games
1995 video games
1999 video games
Amiga games
Amiga 1200 games
Amiga CD32 games
DOS games
Cue sports video games
Team17 games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games scored by Allister Brimble
Windows games
Windows-only games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewald%20summation
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Ewald summation, named after Paul Peter Ewald, is a method for computing long-range interactions (e.g. electrostatic interactions) in periodic systems. It was first developed as the method for calculating the electrostatic energies of ionic crystals, and is now commonly used for calculating long-range interactions in computational chemistry. Ewald summation is a special case of the Poisson summation formula, replacing the summation of interaction energies in real space with an equivalent summation in Fourier space. In this method, the long-range interaction is divided into two parts: a short-range contribution, and a long-range contribution which does not have a singularity. The short-range contribution is calculated in real space, whereas the long-range contribution is calculated using a Fourier transform. The advantage of this method is the rapid convergence of the energy compared with that of a direct summation. This means that the method has high accuracy and reasonable speed when computing long-range interactions, and it is thus the de facto standard method for calculating long-range interactions in periodic systems. The method requires charge neutrality of the molecular system to accurately calculate the total Coulombic interaction. A study of the truncation errors introduced in the energy and force calculations of disordered point-charge systems is provided by Kolafa and Perram.
Derivation
Ewald summation rewrites the interaction potential as the sum of two terms,
w
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating%20permutation
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In combinatorial mathematics, an alternating permutation (or zigzag permutation) of the set {1, 2, 3, ..., n} is a permutation (arrangement) of those numbers so that each entry is alternately greater or less than the preceding entry. For example, the five alternating permutations of {1, 2, 3, 4} are:
1, 3, 2, 4 because 1 < 3 > 2 < 4,
1, 4, 2, 3 because 1 < 4 > 2 < 3,
2, 3, 1, 4 because 2 < 3 > 1 < 4,
2, 4, 1, 3 because 2 < 4 > 1 < 3, and
3, 4, 1, 2 because 3 < 4 > 1 < 2.
This type of permutation was first studied by Désiré André in the 19th century.
Different authors use the term alternating permutation slightly differently: some require that the second entry in an alternating permutation should be larger than the first (as in the examples above), others require that the alternation should be reversed (so that the second entry is smaller than the first, then the third larger than the second, and so on), while others call both types by the name alternating permutation.
The determination of the number An of alternating permutations of the set {1, ..., n} is called André's problem. The numbers An are known as Euler numbers, zigzag numbers, or up/down numbers. When n is even the number An is known as a secant number, while if n is odd it is known as a tangent number. These latter names come from the study of the generating function for the sequence.
Definitions
A permutation is said to be alternating if
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard%20Heis
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Eduard Heis (18 February 1806, Cologne – 30 June 1877 in Münster) was a German mathematician and astronomer.
He completed his education at the University of Bonn in 1827, then taught mathematics at a school in Cologne. In 1832 he taught at Aachen, and remained there until 1852. He was then appointed by King Frederick William IV to a chair position at the Academy of Münster in 1852. In 1869 he became rector of the Academy.
While at the academy he made a series of observations of the night sky, including the Milky Way, zodiacal light, stars, and shooting stars. These were published in the following works, among others:
Atlas Coelestis Novus, Cologne, 1872.
Zodiakal-Beobachtungen.
Sternschnuppen-Beobachtungen.
De Magnitudine, 1852.
His star atlas, which was based on Argelander's Uranometria Nova (1843), helped define the selection of constellations in the northern sky that was officially adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1922. His other publications included a treatise on the eclipses during the Peloponnesian war, Halley's comet, and some mathematical text books.
He was also the first person to record a count of the Perseid meteor shower in 1839, giving an hourly rate of 160. Observers have recorded the hourly count every year since that time.
Awards and honors
Order of the Red Eagle, 1870.
Awarded doctor honoris causa by Bonn University, 1852.
Foreign associate, Royal Astronomical Society of London, 1874.
Honorary member, Leopoldine Academy, 1877.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%20cyclic%20group
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In mathematics, a primary cyclic group is a group that is both a cyclic group and a p-primary group for some prime number p.
That is, it is a cyclic group of order p, C, for some prime number p, and natural number m.
Every finite abelian group G may be written as a finite direct sum of primary cyclic groups, as stated in the fundamental theorem of finite abelian groups:
This expression is essentially unique: there is a bijection between the sets of groups in two such expressions, which maps each group to one that is isomorphic.
Primary cyclic groups are characterised among finitely generated abelian groups as the torsion groups that cannot be expressed as a direct sum of two non-trivial groups. As such they, along with the group of integers, form the building blocks of finitely generated abelian groups.
The subgroups of a primary cyclic group are linearly ordered by inclusion. The only other groups that have this property are the quasicyclic groups.
Finite groups
Abelian group theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ze%20Frank
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Hosea Jan "Ze" Frank (; born March 31, 1972) is an American online performance artist, composer, humorist and public speaker based in Los Angeles.
Personal life
Frank was born to German-American parents (his father is Chemistry Nobel Laureate Joachim Frank) and raised in a suburb of Albany, New York. He has a sister, who is a painter, as was indicated in his series the show with zefrank.
Frank was educated at a Montessori school, known for its constructivist teaching methods, and graduated with a B.S. in Neuroscience from Brown University in 1995. At the university, he played guitar and sang lead vocals for a funk/jam band called Dowdy Smack, along with Blues Traveler bassist Tad Kinchla, until its dissolution in 1998. In 2003 he married his longtime girlfriend Jody Brandt, whom he met at Brown University. Brandt is a licensed psychologist. At the end of 2008, Frank and his wife moved from Brooklyn Heights, in New York City, to Westwood, in Los Angeles.
Frank was listed as second author on a paper published in The Journal of Neuroscience, which was featured briefly in episode 21 of a show on May 25, 2012, called My Pupils, explaining that his study of neuroscience of vision was motivated by his harmless anisocoria condition.
Career
In 2001, Frank created an online birthday invitation and sent it to seventeen of his closest friends. Forwarded wildly, the invitation soon generated millions of hits and over 100 gigabytes of daily web traffic to Frank's personal website. T
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oasis%20maze
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The oasis maze is a spatial memory task used in psychology and neuroscience research and is the dry version of the Morris water navigation task. It is a land-based spatial memory task in which a thirsty rat uses distal spatial cues to search an open field for a specific location (Oasis) containing water. The maze consists of an enclosed space (usually the same shape and dimensions of the space used in the Morris water maze) in which a small amount of water is hidden. A thirsty rat is then placed in the maze and learns where the water is by trial and error. The maze tests memory by allowing the researcher to record the rat's performance on this task after it is learned and various time intervals or other events supposedly disruptive to memory have occurred.
Apparatus
The Oasis maze is a circular, acrylic board (1.8 m in diameter) that is painted flat white and raised 76 cm from the floor by a table with a lazy Susan attached, allowing the board to be freely rotated about its central axis. The surface of the board contains 426 evenly spaced wells (2.5 cm in diameter, 1.3 cm in depth) in which small amounts of water (0.3 ml) can be hidden. Water is used as a reward because, unlike food rewards, rats cannot locate the water using olfactory cues.
Phases
Pretraining
In the first phase, rats are water deprived by removing their water for 23 h/day for 3 days. Next, water is randomly placed in half of the 426 wells on the Oasis maze platform (0.3 ml per well), and the rats are g
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capstone%20%28cryptography%29
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Capstone is a United States government long-term project to develop cryptography standards for public and government use. Capstone was authorized by the Computer Security Act of 1987, driven by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Security Agency (NSA); the project began in 1993.
Project
The initiative involved four standard algorithms: a data encryption algorithm called Skipjack, along with the Clipper chip that included the Skipjack algorithm, a digital signature algorithm, Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA), a hash function, SHA-1, and a key exchange protocol. Capstone's first implementation was in the Fortezza PCMCIA card. All Capstone components were designed to provide 80-bit security.
The initiative encountered massive resistance from the cryptographic community, and eventually the US government abandoned the effort. The main reasons for this resistance were concerns about Skipjack's design, which was classified, and the use of key escrow in the Clipper chip.
References
External links
EFF archives on Capstone
National Security Agency encryption devices
History of cryptography
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normative%20mineralogy
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Normative mineralogy is a calculation of the composition of a rock sample that estimates the idealised mineralogy of a rock based on a quantitative chemical analysis according to the principles of geochemistry.
Normative mineral calculations can be achieved via either the CIPW Norm or the Barth-Niggli Norm (also known as the Cation Norm).
Normative calculations are used to produce an idealised mineralogy of a crystallized melt. First, a rock is chemically analysed to determine the elemental constituents. Results of the chemical analysis traditionally are expressed as oxides (e.g., weight percent Mg is expressed as weight percent MgO). The normative mineralogy of the rock then is calculated, based upon assumptions about the order of mineral formation and known phase relationships of rocks and minerals, and using simplified mineral formulas. The calculated mineralogy can be used to assess concepts such as silica saturation of melts.
Because the normative calculation is essentially a computation, it can be achieved via computer programs.
CIPW Norm
The CIPW Norm was developed in the early 1900s and named after its creators, the petrologists Charles Cross, Joseph Iddings, Louis Pirsson, and the geochemist Henry Washington. The CIPW normative mineralogy calculation is based on the typical minerals that may be precipitated from an anhydrous melt at low pressure, and simplifies the typical igneous geochemistry seen in nature with the following four constraints:
The magma crys
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Hunt%20%28oceanographer%29
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John M. Hunt (1 December 1918 – 23 July 2005) was a geologist, chemist, and oceanographer. He worked at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution beginning in 1968. His specialty was petroleum geochemistry, and he wrote the standard textbook Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology.
References
American oceanographers
American petroleum geologists
1918 births
2005 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly%20Vasiliev
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Anatoly Alexandrovitch Vasiliev (; born May 4, 1942, Penza Oblast) is a Russian theatre director. He is artistic director of the Moscow Theatre "School of Dramatic Arts", Théâtre de l'Europe, and professor of drama in Lyon, France.
Early years
Vasiliev was born in the Soviet Union and graduated from the faculty of chemistry at Rostov State University. In 1973, he received a degree in directing from the State Institute of Dramatic Art (GITIS), where he first worked with painter and scenographer Igor Popov. This collaboration continued throughout most of Vasiliev's professional life.
As director-Intern for the institute, he staged A Solo for a Clock with Chimes, which first brought him to the attention of Moscow theatre-goers. Subsequent productions of The First Draught of Vassa Zheleznova, in 1978, and The Grown Daughter of a Young Man, in 1979, were both staged at the Stanislavski Theatre).
Taganka Theatre and School of Dramatic Arts
Vasiliev and the group of actors that had gathered around him left the Stanislavski theatre in 1982. In 1985, Yuri Petrovich Lyubimov invited him to work at the Taganka Theatre. The result was that Vasiliev directed a production of Cerceau, by Victor Slavkin, which was voted best performance for the 1985–1986 Moscow theatre season.
In 1987, Vasiliev founded the theatre School of Dramatic Art bringing with him many of the actors who had worked with him at the Stanislavski Theatre. The theatre's website sums up Vasiliev's vision for the theatre
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassmann%E2%80%93Cayley%20algebra
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In mathematics, a Grassmann–Cayley algebra is the exterior algebra with an additional product, which may be called the shuffle product or the regressive product.
It is the most general structure in which projective properties are expressed in a coordinate-free way.
The technique is based on work by German mathematician Hermann Grassmann on exterior algebra, and subsequently by British mathematician Arthur Cayley's work on matrices and linear algebra.
It is a form of modeling algebra for use in projective geometry.
The technique uses subspaces as basic elements of computation, a formalism which allows the translation of synthetic geometric statements into invariant algebraic statements. This can create a useful framework for the modeling of conics and quadrics among other forms, and in tensor mathematics. It also has a number of applications in robotics, particularly for the kinematical analysis of manipulators.
References
External links
Geometric Algebra FAQ
Multilinear algebra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metatheory
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A metatheory or meta-theory is a theory the subject matter of which is theory itself, for example as an analysis or description of existing theory. For mathematics and mathematical logic, a metatheory is a mathematical theory about another mathematical theory. Meta-theoretical investigations are part of the philosophy of science. The topic of metascience is an attempt to use scientific knowledge to improve the practice of science itself.
The study of metatheory became widespread during the 20th century after its application to various topics, including scientific linguistics and its concept of metalanguage.
Examples of metatheories
Metascience
Metascience is the use of scientific method to study science itself. Metascience is an attempt to increase the quality of scientific research while reducing wasted activity; it uses research methods to study how research is done or can be improved. It has been described as "research on research", "the science of science", and "a bird's eye view of science". In the words of John Ioannidis, "Science is the best thing that has happened to human beings ... but we can do it better."
In 1966, an early meta-research paper examined the statistical methods of 295 papers published in ten well-known medical journals. It found that, "in almost 73% of the reports read ... conclusions were drawn when the justification for these conclusions was invalid". Meta-research during the ensuing decades found many methodological flaws, inefficiencies, and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Suppes
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Patrick Colonel Suppes (; March 17, 1922 – November 17, 2014) was an American philosopher who made significant contributions to philosophy of science, the theory of measurement, the foundations of quantum mechanics, decision theory, psychology and educational technology. He was the Lucie Stern Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Stanford University and until January 2010 was the Director of the Education Program for Gifted Youth also at Stanford.
Early life and career
Suppes was born on March 17, 1922, in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He grew up as an only child, later with a half brother George who was born in 1943 after Patrick had entered the army. His grandfather, C. E. Suppes, had moved to Oklahoma from Ohio. Suppes' father and grandfather were independent oil men. His mother died when he was a young boy. He was raised by his stepmother, who married his father before he was six years old. His parents did not have much formal education.
Suppes began college at the University of Oklahoma in 1939, but transferred to the University of Chicago in his second year, citing boredom with intellectual life in Oklahoma as his primary motivation. In his third year, at the insistence of his family, Suppes attended the University of Tulsa, majoring in physics, before entering the Army Reserves in 1942. In 1943 he returned to the University of Chicago and graduated with a B.S. in meteorology, and was stationed shortly thereafter at the Solomon Islands to serve during World War II.
Suppes was dis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavefront%20coding
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In optics and signal processing, wavefront coding refers to the use of a phase modulating element in conjunction with deconvolution to extend the depth of field of a digital imaging system such as a video camera.
Wavefront coding falls under the broad category of computational photography as a technique to enhance the depth of field.
Encoding
The wavefront of a light wave passing through the camera system is modulated using optical elements that introduce a spatially varying optical path length. The modulating elements must be placed at or near the plane of the aperture stop or pupil so that the same modulation is introduced for all field angles across the field-of-view. This modulation corresponds to a change in complex argument of the pupil function of such an imaging device, and it can be engineered with different goals in mind: e.g. extending the depth of focus.
Linear phase mask
Wavefront coding with linear phase masks works by creating an optical transfer function that encodes distance information.
Cubic phase mask
Wavefront Coding with cubic phase masks works to blur the image uniformly using a cubic shaped waveplate so that the intermediate image, the optical transfer function, is out of focus by a constant amount. Digital image processing then removes the blur and introduces noise depending upon the physical characteristics of the processor. Dynamic range is sacrificed to extend the depth of field depending upon the type of filter used. It can also correct op
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacunary%20value
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In complex analysis, a subfield of mathematics, a lacunary value or gap of a complex-valued function defined on a subset of the complex plane is a complex number which is not in the image of the function.
More specifically, given a subset X of the complex plane C and a function f : X → C, a complex number z is called a lacunary value of f if z ∉ image(f).
Note, for example, that 0 is the only lacunary value of the complex exponential function. The two Picard theorems limit the number of possible lacunary values of certain types of holomorphic functions.
References
Complex analysis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuth%20Prize
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The Donald E. Knuth Prize is a prize for outstanding contributions to the foundations of computer science, named after the American computer scientist Donald E. Knuth.
History
The Knuth Prize has been awarded since 1996 and includes an award of US$5,000. The prize is awarded by ACM SIGACT and by IEEE Computer Society's Technical Committee on the Mathematical Foundations of Computing. Prizes are awarded in alternating years at the ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing and at the IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, which are among the most prestigious conferences in theoretical computer science. The recipient of the Knuth Prize delivers a lecture at the conference.
For instance, David S. Johnson "used his Knuth Prize lecture to push for practical applications for algorithms."
In contrast with the Gödel Prize, which recognizes outstanding papers, the Knuth Prize is awarded to individuals for their overall impact in the field.
Winners
Since the prize was instituted in 1996, it has been awarded to the following individuals, with the citation for each award quoted (not always in full):
Selection Committees
See also
List of computer science awards
References
External links
Knuth Prize website
Awards established in 1996
Theoretical computer science
Computer science awards
Donald Knuth
IEEE society and council awards
Awards of the Association for Computing Machinery
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Pattern%20on%20the%20Stone
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The Pattern on the Stone: The Simple Ideas that Make Computers Work is a book by W. Daniel Hillis, published in 1998 by Basic Books (). The book attempts to explain concepts from computer science in layman's terms by metaphor and analogy.
The book moves from Boolean algebra through topics such as information theory, parallel computing, cryptography, algorithms, heuristics, universal computing, Turing machines, and promising technologies such as quantum computing and emergent systems.
External links
Reviews: The Pattern on the Stone from Goodreads
Computer science books
1998 non-fiction books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Woodruff
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Sir Michael Francis Addison Woodruff, (3 April 1911 – 10 March 2001) was an English surgeon and scientist principally remembered for his research into organ transplantation. Though born in London, Woodruff spent his youth in Australia, where he earned degrees in electrical engineering and medicine. Having completed his studies shortly after the outbreak of World War II, he joined the Australian Army Medical Corps, but was soon captured by Japanese forces and imprisoned in the Changi Prison Camp. While there, he devised an ingenious method of extracting nutrients from agricultural wastes to prevent malnutrition among his fellow POWs.
At the conclusion of the war, Woodruff returned to England and began a long career as an academic surgeon, mixing clinical work and research. Woodruff principally studied transplant rejection and immunosuppression. His work in these areas of transplantation biology led Woodruff to perform the first kidney transplant in the United Kingdom, on 30 October 1960. For this and his other scientific contributions, Woodruff was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1968 and made a Knight Bachelor in 1969. Although retiring from surgical work in 1976, he remained an active figure in the scientific community, researching cancer and serving on the boards of various medical and scientific organisations.
Early life
Michael Woodruff was born on 3 April 1911 in Mill Hill, London, England, the son of Harold Addison Woodruff and his wife, Margaret Ada Coope
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPML
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UPML may refer to:
Ukrainian Physics and Mathematics Lyceum, a high school in Kyiv, Ukraine.
Uniaxial Perfectly Matched Layer, numerical truncation methodology.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremal%20optimization
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Extremal optimization (EO) is an optimization heuristic inspired by the Bak–Sneppen model of self-organized criticality from the field of statistical physics. This heuristic was designed initially to address combinatorial optimization problems such as the travelling salesman problem and spin glasses, although the technique has been demonstrated to function in optimization domains.
Relation to self-organized criticality
Self-organized criticality (SOC) is a statistical physics concept to describe a class of dynamical systems that have a critical point as an attractor. Specifically, these are non-equilibrium systems that evolve through avalanches of change and dissipations that reach up to the highest scales of the system. SOC is said to govern the dynamics behind some natural systems that have these burst-like phenomena including landscape formation, earthquakes, evolution, and the granular dynamics of rice and sand piles. Of special interest here is the Bak–Sneppen model of SOC, which is able to describe evolution via punctuated equilibrium (extinction events) – thus modelling evolution as a self-organised critical process.
Relation to computational complexity
Another piece in the puzzle is work on computational complexity, specifically that critical points have been shown to exist in NP-complete problems, where near-optimum solutions are widely dispersed and separated by barriers in the search space causing local search algorithms to get stuck or severely hampered. It wa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hana%20Sweid
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Hana Sweid (, ; also spelt Hanna Swaid, born 27 March 1955) is an Israeli Arab politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Hadash from 2006 to 2015.
Early life
Born to a Christian Arab family in Eilabun, Sweid studied Civil Engineering at the Technion, gaining a BSc and an MSc. Further studies led to him receiving a PhD in Civil Engineering and Urban Planning. After his studies he worked as an engineer and also lectured at the University of Reading in the United Kingdom from 1990 until 1993. He became a member of the National Council for Planning and Construction in 1995, leaving it in 2003, the year in which he became Director General of the Arab Center for Alternative Planning, a position he held until 2006.
Political career
Sweid began his foray into politics as head of Eilabun local council in 1993, a position he held until 2000. He was first elected to the Knesset in the 2006 elections. Since becoming an MK he has led efforts to establish a new Arab city in the north of Israel.
Placed second on the party's list, he retained his seat in the 2009 and 2013 elections. He retired from politics prior to the 2015 elections, although he was given a symbolic 109th place on the Joint List, an alliance of Hadash and other Arab parties.
See also
List of Arab members of the Knesset
References
External links
1955 births
Living people
Israeli Arab Christians
Israeli Christian socialists
Academics of the University of Reading
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momentum%20%28disambiguation%29
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Momentum, or linear momentum, is a vector quantity in physics.
Momentum may also refer to:
Economics
Momentum (finance), an empirical tendency for rising asset prices to continue to rise
Momentum (technical analysis), an indicator used in technical analysis of asset prices
Momentum investing, a system of buying stocks or other securities
Mathematics, science, and technology
Angular momentum, in physics, the rotational equivalent of linear momentum
Momentum or moment, a medieval unit of time
Behavioral momentum, a theory and metaphor used in the quantitative analysis of behavior
Momentum (electromagnetic simulator), a software package from EEsof
Momentum theory, a theory in fluid mechanics
Momentum, in mathematics, a correction term in gradient descent and stochastic gradient descent
Momentum, a solar car built in 2005 by the University of Michigan Solar Car Team
Arts and entertainment
Film
Momentum (1992 film), a documentary short, the first film shot and released in the IMAX HD format
Momentum (2001 film), a surfing documentary
Momentum (2003 film), an American-German science fiction television film
Momentum (2015 film), a South African action-thriller film
Momentum Pictures, UK motion picture distributor
Music
Albums
Momentum (Bill Evans album), 2012
Momentum (Dave Burrell album) or the title song, 2006
Momentum (DGM album), 2013
Momentum (Jamie Cullum album), 2013
Momentum (Joshua Redman album), 2005
Momentum (Neal Morse album) or the title song
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20N.%20Stevens
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Kenneth Noble Stevens (March 24, 1924 – August 19, 2013) was the Clarence J. LeBel Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and professor of health sciences and technology at the research laboratory of electronics at MIT. Stevens was head of the speech communication group in MIT's research laboratory of electronics (RLE), and was one of the world's leading scientists in acoustic phonetics.
He was awarded the National Medal of Science from President Bill Clinton in 1999, and the IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award in 2004.
He died in 2013 from complications of Alzheimer's disease.
Education
Early education
Ken Stevens was born in Toronto on March 23, 1924. His older brother, Pete, was born in England; Ken was born four years later, shortly after the family emigrated to Canada. His childhood ambition was to become a doctor, because he admired an uncle who was a doctor. He attended high school at a school attached to the department of education at the University of Toronto.
Stevens attended college in the school of engineering at the University of Toronto on a full scholarship. He lived at home throughout his undergraduate years. Though Stevens himself could not fight in World War II because of his visual impairment, his brother was away for the entire war; his parents tuned in nightly to the BBC for updates. Stevens majored in engineering physics at the university, covering topics from the design of motorized machines through to ba
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsuneko%20Okazaki
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is a Japanese pioneer of molecular biology known for her work on DNA replication and specifically for discovering Okazaki fragments, along with her husband Reiji. Dr. Tsuneko Okazaki has continued to be involved in academia, contributing to more advancements in DNA research.
Early life and education
Tsuneko Okazaki was born in Nagoya, capital of the Aichi Prefecture of Japan, in 1933. She graduated from Aichi Prefectural Asahigaoka Senior High School. During her undergraduate years, she studied biology at Nagoya University School of Science. She graduated with her PhD from Nagoya University School of Science in 1956, which was also the year that she met her husband, Reiji Okazaki. They married that same year and soon after, they joined their research work and laboratories.
Work leading to and discovery of Okazaki fragments
Tsuneko and Reiji Okazaki's early research consisted of studying DNA synthesis and specific nucleotide characteristics in frog eggs and sea urchins. This work led to the discovery of thymidine-diphosphate rhamnose, a sugar linked nucleotide, which then opened up the doors for them to work in the U.S. They worked at Washington University and Stanford University in the labs of J. L. Strominger and Arthur Kornberg, respectively, where there was a lot more availability of resources to further their research. Years later, after much research done in both the U.S and Japan, in 1968, Tsuneko and Reiji published their breakthrough findings on Okazaki fragment
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position%20operator
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In quantum mechanics, the position operator is the operator that corresponds to the position observable of a particle.
When the position operator is considered with a wide enough domain (e.g. the space of tempered distributions), its eigenvalues are the possible position vectors of the particle.
In one dimension, if by the symbol we denote the unitary eigenvector of the position operator corresponding to the eigenvalue , then, represents the state of the particle in which we know with certainty to find the particle itself at position .
Therefore, denoting the position operator by the symbol in the literature we find also other symbols for the position operator, for instance (from Lagrangian mechanics), and so on we can write for every real position .
One possible realization of the unitary state with position is the Dirac delta (function) distribution centered at the position , often denoted by .
In quantum mechanics, the ordered (continuous) family of all Dirac distributions, i.e. the family
is called the (unitary) position basis (in one dimension), just because it is a (unitary) eigenbasis of the position operator in the space of distributions dual to the space of wave-functions.
It is fundamental to observe that there exists only one linear continuous endomorphism on the space of tempered distributions such that
for every real point . It's possible to prove that the unique above endomorphism is necessarily defined by
for every tempered distribution , whe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPW
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UPW may refer to:
Union of Post Office Workers, the former name of the Union of Communication Workers, in the United Kingdom.
Ultimate Pro Wrestling, a defunct professional wrestling promotion.
Ultrapure Water, a type of water used during semiconductor manufacturing or chem./physics experiencies.
United Public Workers (later United Public Workers of America)
UPW, the National Rail station code for Upwey railway station, Dorset, England
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrieval
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Retrieval could refer to:
Computer science
RETRIEVE, Tymshare database that inspired dBASE and others
Data retrieval
Document retrieval
Image retrieval
Information retrieval
Knowledge retrieval
Medical retrieval
Music information retrieval
Text retrieval
Psychology
The process of recalling information that is stored in memory ("memory retrieval")
Film
Retrieval (film), a 2006 Polish film
The Retrieval, a 2013 American drama film by Chris Eska
ja:検索
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase%20search
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In computer science, phrase searching allows users to retrieve content from information systems (such as documents from file storage systems, records from databases, and web pages on the internet) that contains a specific order and combination of words defined by the user.
Phrase search is one of many search operators that are standard in search engine technology, along with Boolean operators (AND, OR, and NOT), truncation and wildcard operators (commonly represented by the asterisk symbol), field code operators (which look for specific words in defined fields, such as the Author field in a periodical database), and proximity operators (which look for defined words that appear close to one another, if not directly next to each other as in a phrase search). Search operators are used to refine a search when a simple keyword search provides too many unwanted results.
Although the exact functionality of each search engine is determined by its developers, phrase searching is normally accomplished by wrapping the desired phrase in quotation marks. For example, a search for red apple may return records that contain the word "apple," ones that contain "red," and ones that contain both words no matter where in the record they appear (that is, assuming the search engine applies Boolean OR logic to its keyword search function), whereas a search for "red apple" will only return records that contain the phrase "red apple."
Phrase search is one of the more important techniques associate
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Patten
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Tim Patten (born 1952) is a former roller derby athlete now a self-published author having seven books under his name.
Early life and education
In 1973, Patten moved from Wisconsin to San Francisco. He studied computer science in college and has worked off and on in the computer industry ever since. Patten skated for various professional roller derby leagues from 1973 to 1992. In 1988 he became owner of the San Francisco Bay Bombers team. He later formed his own league, the San Francisco-based American Roller Derby League (ARDL), which has gone through several incarnations but generally focuses on promoting a team named the Bay City Bombers.
Later career
The award-winning documentary film Jam, screening at film festivals and special events in 2006, followed Patten's attempts, from 1998 to 2004, to find success with his league. The documentary Jam also appeared on the SUNDANCE channel for 2.5 years on rotation.
For four years, while seeking treatment for an HIV-related neurological infection, the infection was healed through progressive medications, Patten wrote the novel Roller Babes: the Story of the Roller Derby Queen, which he self-published under his sister's name D. M. Bordner in 2005. She receives his royalties. The novel was described in an independent, Michigan-based publication as "a fictional yet historically accurate and personalized account of the national women's roller derby leagues in the 1950s". Film rights to the novel were sold to Kaliber Films in July 2
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mechanical%20Universe
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The Mechanical Universe...And Beyond is a 52-part telecourse, filmed at the California Institute of Technology, that introduces university level physics, covering topics from Copernicus to quantum mechanics. The 1985-86 series was produced by Caltech and INTELECOM, a nonprofit consortium of California community colleges now known as Intelecom Learning, with financial support from Annenberg/CPB. The series, which aired on PBS affiliate stations before being distributed on LaserDisc and eventually YouTube, is known for its use of computer animation.
Overview
Produced starting in 1982, the videos make heavy use of historical dramatizations and visual aids to explain physics concepts. The latter were state of the art at the time, incorporating almost eight hours of computer animation created by computer graphics pioneer Jim Blinn along with assistants Sylvie Rueff and Tom Brown at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Each episode opens and closes with bookend segments in which Caltech professor David Goodstein, speaking in a lecture hall, delivers explanations "that can't quite be put into the mouth of our affable, faceless narrator". After more than a quarter century, the series is still often used as a supplemental teaching aid, for its clear explanation of fundamental concepts such as special relativity.
The bookend segments featuring Goodstein were specially staged versions of actual freshman physics lectures from Caltech's courses Physics 1a and 1b. The organization and the cho
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presheaf%20%28category%20theory%29
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In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a presheaf on a category is a functor . If is the poset of open sets in a topological space, interpreted as a category, then one recovers the usual notion of presheaf on a topological space.
A morphism of presheaves is defined to be a natural transformation of functors. This makes the collection of all presheaves on into a category, and is an example of a functor category. It is often written as . A functor into is sometimes called a profunctor.
A presheaf that is naturally isomorphic to the contravariant hom-functor Hom(–, A) for some object A of C is called a representable presheaf.
Some authors refer to a functor as a -valued presheaf.
Examples
A simplicial set is a Set-valued presheaf on the simplex category .
Properties
When is a small category, the functor category is cartesian closed.
The poset of subobjects of form a Heyting algebra, whenever is an object of for small .
For any morphism of , the pullback functor of subobjects has a right adjoint, denoted , and a left adjoint, . These are the universal and existential quantifiers.
A locally small category embeds fully and faithfully into the category of set-valued presheaves via the Yoneda embedding which to every object of associates the hom functor .
The category admits small limits and small colimits. See limit and colimit of presheaves for further discussion.
The density theorem states that every presheaf is a colimit of representable pres
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20T.%20Todd%20Jr.
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Lee Trover Todd Jr. (born May 6, 1946 in Earlington, Kentucky) was the 11th president of the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Kentucky.
Early life and education
Todd was born in 1946 in Earlington, Kentucky, a small town close to Madisonville. He earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Kentucky in 1968. He went on to earn his master's and doctoral degrees in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1970 and 1973. Todd studied at MIT thanks in part to a fellowship from the Hertz Foundation, following a personal encouragement from Edward Teller. He returned to UK in 1974 and served as an electrical engineering associate professor until 1983. Lee Todd has been known to attend most home basketball games, and would commonly sit by Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear and his family.
Retirement
On September 8, 2010, Todd announced that he would step down as president effective June 30, 2011. Todd remained on the faculty at the university, serving as a Professor of Electrical Engineering.
References
Bio at University of Kentucky
1946 births
Living people
University of Kentucky College of Engineering alumni
People from Hopkins County, Kentucky
MIT School of Engineering alumni
IBM employees
Presidents of the University of Kentucky
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto%20Palacio
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Alberto de Palacio y Elissague (1856-1939) was a Spanish engineer and architect born in Sare (Northern Basque Country) and grown up in Gordexola.
He studied architecture in Barcelona and completed his education in Paris, studying mathematics, engineering, astronomy and medicine. He was also a student & disciple of Gustave Eiffel.
Works
Between 1890 and 1893, he worked, together with his brother Silvestre de Palacio (engineer), on his most important project, the transporter bridge ("Puente Colgante") on the Nervion river, between Portugalete and Getxo (Biscay), for which he gained international recognition. It was the first bridge of this kind ever built.
All his work is characterized for the search of the functionality and the innovation, where iron and glass play a noticeable role. He passed long seasons of work in Madrid where he:
Participated in the construction of the Palace of Velázquez in the Retiro Park, together with architect Ricardo Velázquez Bosco, coordinator of the project, and the ceramicist Daniel Zuloaga (1881 and 1883).
Participated in the construction of the Crystal Palace (inspired by the London one) in the same park, again with architect Ricardo Velázquez Bosco, coordinator of the project, and ceramicist Daniel Zuloaga (1887).
Designed and built the new Madrid Atocha railway station, in collaboration with the engineer Saint-James (1889-1892).
Built the Osram factory (1914–1916).
References
External links
Puente Colgante
Madrid works
1856 birt
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Rudder
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Christian Rudder (born September 1, 1975) is an American entrepreneur, writer, and musician.
Education
Rudder graduated from Little Rock Central High School in 1993. He attended Harvard University, graduating with a degree in mathematics in 1998.
SparkNotes
Rudder joined SparkNotes in October 1999, a few months after its founding. Rudder was the creative voice of TheSpark.com, which was the viral content arm of SparkNotes during the site's early rise to popularity. He became TheSpark's creative director in March 2001. Soon after the site's sale to Barnes & Noble, Rudder and the SparkNotes founders (Chris Coyne, Sam Yagan, and Max Krohn) left and began working on OkCupid, a dating site. OkCupid launched in February 2004.
OkCupid
Rudder was a co-founder of OkCupid. In the years immediately following the site's creation, he worked on the front-end product and developed the site's editorial voice. From 2009 - 2011, OkCupid published statistical observations and analysis of members' preferences and connections; the blog posts were written by Rudder and gained widespread media attention. In February 2011, OkCupid was sold to IAC, the owner of Match.com and other dating properties, for $90 million. After the sale to IAC, Rudder assumed day-to-day control of OkCupid as President and General Manager until he left in 2015.
Dataclysm
Rudder expanded his writings for OkCupid into the non-fiction book Dataclysm, which became a New York Times Best Seller in September 2014 and was a fin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl-Ludwig%20Kratz
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Karl-Ludwig Kratz (born April 23, 1941, in Jena, Thuringia) is a German nuclear chemist and astrophysicist. He is professor for nuclear chemistry at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz and adjunct professor of physics at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana.
One of the main interests of Kratz is the study of nuclear structure of very neutron-rich isotopes. He concentrated on the beta-delayed neutron decay mode, especially the spectroscopy of the emitted neutrons. These isotopes are obtained by nuclear fission or proton induced spallation of heavy elements as uranium. In general, the extremely neutron-rich species of interest are produced together with an overwhelming amount of shorter-lived ones. Therefore, he is developing chemical and physical separation techniques with very high chemical selectivity. These studies are performed in international collaborations at high-flux reactors (Institut Laue-Langevin, France) or accelerator facilities as the CERN in Switzerland or the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University.
The nuclear structure data are also applied by Kratz to nucleosynthesis, especially the astrophysical r-process. Elemental abundances from Supernova explosions are calculated in close collaboration with Friedrich-Karl Thielemann of the University of Basel. The calculated abundances are then compared to observed stellar abundances. Ultra-metal-poor Population II stars in the Galactic Halo exhibit a scaled-do
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20product
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In mathematics, especially in the field of group theory, the central product is one way of producing a group from two smaller groups. The central product is similar to the direct product, but in the central product two isomorphic central subgroups of the smaller groups are merged into a single central subgroup of the product. Central products are an important construction and can be used for instance to classify extraspecial groups.
Definition
There are several related but distinct notions of central product. Similarly to the direct product, there are both internal and external characterizations, and additionally there are variations on how strictly the intersection of the factors is controlled.
A group G is an internal central product of two subgroups H, K if
G is generated by H and K.
Every element of H commutes with every element of K.
Sometimes the stricter requirement that is exactly equal to the center is imposed, as in . The subgroups H and K are then called central factors of G.
The external central product is constructed from two groups H and K, two subgroups and , and a group isomorphism . The external central product is the quotient of the direct product by the normal subgroup
,
. Sometimes the stricter requirement that H1 = Z(H) and K1 = Z(K) is imposed, as in .
An internal central product is isomorphic to an external central product with H1 = K1 = H ∩ K and θ the identity. An external central product is an internal central product of the images
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