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Lipstick is a 1976 American rape and revenge thriller film directed by Lamont Johnson and starring Margaux Hemingway, Chris Sarandon, and Anne Bancroft. Mariel Hemingway also has a supporting role as Margaux's onscreen sister. The film follows a fashion model who is raped by her sister's music teacher. Upon his acquittal in court, he rapes her sister, leading her to enact a brutal revenge.
Plot
Christine "Chris" McCormick is a highly paid fashion model whose image serves as the driving force of the ad campaign for a popular brand of lipstick and can be seen in magazines and on billboards all around the world. Gordon Stuart, a part-time composer and full-time music teacher, eagerly accepts Chris's 13-year-old sister Kathy's invitation to come to a secluded beachside photo shoot, so Chris can listen to some of his music. He arrives at her apartment one day to visit her, but is interrupted by a phone call from her lover, Steve Edison.
As Chris talks to Steve, Gordon begins to fume at the thought of Chris's obvious rejection. His hurt soon turns to anger, and he enters her room, assaults her, smears her face with the lipstick she helps promote, and then brutally rapes her. Near the end of the ordeal, Kathy returns home from school, walks in on Chris and Gordon, and flees. Gordon gets up and suggests Kathy join them and "have some fun," but instead cuts Chris free and leaves.
Gordon is arrested, but as Chris learns from Carla Bondi, the prosecutor assigned to handle the case, Gordon's conviction is hardly assured, and she asks her to testify against him. Gordon's attorney argues that the sex was consensual, and that its roughness was the result of Chris's "own twisted desires". He also suggests that even if Gordon acted without her consent, she provoked him by appearing naked in front of him at the photo shoot where they first met, and by the inherent sensuality of the photographs from which she makes her living. Gordon is ultimately acquitted.
Chris leaves her job modeling for the lipstick company and plans to relocate to Colorado with Kathy after her last shoot. Unfortunately, Kathy's school is using the same abandoned building where Chris's shoot is to rehearse a new ballet orchestrated by Gordon. Kathy runs into Gordon and flees when he starts fondling her, but Gordon chases her down and rapes her.
Kathy returns to the photo shoot and tells Chris what happened. Gripped in a murderous frenzy, Chris runs outside to her car and grabs a Remington Slide-Action Rifle she had intended to take to Colorado with her. She spots Gordon driving his car in the parking lot, and shoots at it, causing it to crash. As Gordon climbs out of the wreck, Chris keeps shooting him until the rifle is empty. Later, Carla Bondi speaks to a jury, telling them that their acquittal of Gordon earlier resulted in Chris losing faith in the law. The jury ultimately finds Chris not guilty of murder.
Cast
Margaux Hemingway as Christine "Chris" McCormick
Chris Sarandon as Gordon Stuart
Perry King as Steve Edison
Robin Gammell as Nathan Cartwright
John Bennett Perry as Martin McCormick
Mariel Hemingway as Kathy McCormick
Francesco Scavullo as Francesco
Meg Wylie as Sister Margaret
Inga Swenson as Sister Monica
Lauren Jones as Policewoman
Catherine McLeod as Vogue Lady
Anne Bancroft as Carla Bondi
Reception
Lipstick holds an 18% rating at Rotten Tomatoes based upon 11 reviews. Rotten Tomatoes says the film "is a cheap exploitation film pretending to make a social statement about rape and revenge."
Lipstick was met with negative critical reception upon release, with much of the criticism focused around the film's treatment of rape, which was perceived as purely exploitative. Roger Ebert called it "a nasty little item masquerading as a bold statement on the crime of rape. The statement would seem a little bolder if the movie didn't linger in violent and graphic detail over the rape itself, and then handle the vengeance almost as an afterthought." The New York Times remarked the film's glamorous photography, but said it was "anti-intellectual in the ways that B movies always have been."
Variety reviewed the film with a similar sentiment, declaring: "Lipstick has pretensions of being an intelligent treatment of the tragedy of female rape. But by the time it's over, the film has shown its true colors as just another cynical violence exploitation."
Harlan Ellison, writing in March 1977, said: "Lipstick panders to the basest, vilest, lowest possible common denominators of urban fear and lynch logic. It is the sort of film that, if you see it in a ghetto theater filled with blacks, will scare the bejeezus out of you. The animal fury this film unleashes in an audience is terrifying to behold. It gives exploitation a bad name; and it has less to do with rape, which is the commercial hook on which they’ve hung the salability of this bit of putrescence, than it does with the cynicism of Joseph E. Levine, a man who probably has no trouble sleeping with a troubled conscience."
Soundtrack
The soundtrack of the film was by French singer Michel Polnareff who released the album in 1976 on Atlantic Records. The soundtrack became a disco success on its own in the United States and internationally.
Remake
The film inspired an Indian remake in Hindi, titled Insaaf Ka Tarazu (1980) and was remade in Turkish as İffet and Arzu.
References
External links
1976 films
1976 drama films
1970s American films
1970s English-language films
1970s thriller films
American rape and revenge films
American thriller films
Films directed by Lamont Johnson
Films shot in Los Angeles
Paramount Pictures films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipstick%20%281976%20film%29
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The Free Enterprise Action Fund was a mutual fund operated by Steven Milloy and Tom Borelli, with the goal of counterbalancing the activities of self-described ethical investment funds. Whereas "ethical investment" funds avoid investments in firms that are accused of damaging the environment or of other negatively regarded behaviors, the Free Enterprise Action Fund sought out such investments, based on Milloy's claim that such criticisms are typically based on political bias or junk science.
The fund ceased operations in 2009 and was merged into the Congressional Effect Fund.
Controversy
The Free Enterprise Action Fund was criticized for taking ideological stances at the expense of its investors' interests. Daniel Gross, in Slate, wrote:
FEAF's managers also don't appear to be very interested in making money. Assembling a portfolio of 392 teeny positions (111 shares of Federal Express, 60 shares of Tiffany, etc.) is an incredibly inefficient and costly way of trying to mimic the S&P 500. Asset managers get paid based on the assets they manage. At FEAF, the Adviser (Milloy plus Borelli) receives a fee equal to 1.25 percent of assets. Five million dollars in assets throws off about $62,000 in fees annually, which is nowhere near enough to pay the salary of a professional money manager.
Page 17 of the annual report shows that the fund incurred total expenses of $302,117, a whopping 6 percent of assets. But the prospectus promises that fees won't eat up more than 2 percent of total assets each year. And so in 2005, the adviser (i.e., Borelli and Milloy) waived his entire $44,727 management fee. What's more, the adviser reimbursed some $185,616 in trading, administrative, and legal expenses to the fund. If the fund's assets rise sharply in the next few years, the adviser can theoretically recoup these waived payments and reimbursements. But in the short term, it looks like Borelli and Milloy are essentially paying the fund for the privilege of using it as a platform to broadcast their views on corporate governance, global warming, and a host of other issues.
On the other hand, Steve Forbes praised the fund:
Early last year promarket activists launched the Free Enterprise Action Fund. It has only a handful of dollars today and is investing primarily in companies that make up the S&P 500. The fund is run by 47-year-old entrepreneur Steve Milloy, who hopes that it and other funds like it will become counterweights to these anti-business activists by waging proxy campaigns for pro entrepreneurial capitalist measures (including the flat tax). Who knows how well the fund will do? But its precept is a sound one: Good business is good social policy.
Activism through the Fund
In a conference in New York in March 2008, Milloy stated that the Fund aims to "be a problem for managements and shareholders", and that he and Borelli "primarily work through shareholder proposals" to "get the shareholders and CEOs to think about what they're doing". He also stated, "We have filed numerous shareholder proposals with companies in the US Climate Action Partnership".
Financial results
The 2008 Annual Report for the fund shows an annualized loss of 6.58% during the timeframe of March 1, 2005 (its inception) to December 31, 2008. For comparison, the S&P 500 Index showed an annualized loss of 5.47% during this period.
At the end of 2008, the fund had total net assets under management of $6,705,261. The total paid-in-capital invested with the fund, from its start to the end of 2008, was $9,983,108 (p. 14).
As had occurred in every year of operation thus far (p. 17), the adviser of the fund waived or reimbursed expenses to the fund. (Currently, the adviser is contractually obligated to do so to maintain the ratio of expenses to average net assets as, at most, 1.75%.) In 2008, the amount waived or reimbursed was $181,612; in previous years, it had been $154,750 (in 2007), $239,564 (in 2006), and $230,343 (in 2005 ). Of the $181,612 in 2008, $129,468 was from waiving the investment advisory fee, leaving $52,144 as the amount reimbursed out-of-pocket to the fund by the adviser for other operating expenses.
External links
Free Enterprise Action Fund
References
Advocacy groups in the United States
Mutual funds of the United States
2009 disestablishments in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20Enterprise%20Action%20Fund
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Jay Robert Nash (born November 26, 1937, in Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American author of more than 70 books on myriad aspects of true crime.
Among Nash's crime anthologies are Encyclopedia of Western Lawmen and Outlaws, Look For the Woman, Bloodletters and Badmen, and The Great Pictorial History of World Crime. He has also compiled his exhaustive research of criminal behaviour into a CD-ROM entitled Jay Robert Nash's True Crime Database.
Biography
Jay Robert Nash currently lives in Wilmette, Illinois and describes himself as an "entrepreneurial businessman".
Nash has won Best Reference citations from the American Library Association for four of his books, including Darkest Hours. However, he has said that his books are "seeded with information to detect any unauthorized use or duplication"; the precise nature of these copyright traps may include incorrect information in otherwise factual entries, or wholly fictitious entries. Sally G. Waters, writing for the Library Journal, called Nash's work "fascinating yet flawed" and recommended that it be used only for background research, verifying the information based on the sources in Nash's bibliography.
In the Journal of American History, Richard Maxwell Brown also noted the "numerous errors, omissions, inconsistencies, and anomalies" in Nash's encyclopedias. In 2008, The Library of America selected Nash's story "The Turner-Stompanato Affair" for inclusion in its two-century retrospective of American True Crime.
CBS lawsuit
Nash once filed a lawsuit against CBS for producing an episode of Simon & Simon with a plotline based around his notion that bank robber John Dillinger was not killed by the FBI in 1934 (Nash focused two separate books on his theory). His claim of copyright infringement was dismissed on summary judgment, a ruling upheld by an appeals court. The court compared Nash's writing to "speculative works representing themselves as fact" and concluded that he could not claim a copyright on his analysis of historical facts, only his expression of them. The court added that Nash should not be surprised at the result, pointing out, "His own books are largely fresh expositions of facts looked up in other people's books."
Selected bibliography
Hustlers and Con Men: An Anecdotal History of the Confidence Man and His Games published by M. Evans & Company (1976)
Darkest Hours: A Narrative Encyclopedia of Worldwide Disasters from Ancient Times to the Present published by Pocket Books (1977).
Among the Missing: An Anecdoctal History of Missing Persons from 1800 to the Present (1978), Rowman and Littlefield.
Ballistics
Look for the Woman: A Narrative Encyclopedia of Female Poisoners, Kidnappers, Thieves, Extortionists, Terrorists, Swindlers and Spies from Elizabethan Times to the Present published by M. Evans & Company (1986).
The Mafia Diaries published by Dell Publishing Company (1986)
The Motion Picture Guide published by Cinebooks during the 1970s and early '80s. This was a twelve volume reference work.
The Motion Picture Guide published by Cinebooks beginning in 1985, this is an annual book.
Murder Among the Rich & Famous published by Random House (1988)
People to See
The Dark Fountain published by Signet (1988).
World Encyclopedia of 20th Century Murder published by Paragon House Publishers (1992)
World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime published by Paragon House Publishers (April 1992)
Dictionary of Crime: Criminal Injustice, Criminology, & Law Enforcement published by Marlowe & Company (1994).
The Dillinger Dossier
Bloodletters and Bad Men: Lucky Luciano to Charles Manson; A Who's Who of Vile Men (and Women) Wanted For Every Crime in the Book published by M. Evans and Company, Inc., revised and updated edition (1995).
Citizen Hoover
Concise Encyclopedia of the Civil War
Crime Movie Quiz Book
Crime Scene Investigations
Cyber Crime
Spies: A Narrative Encyclopedia of Dirty Tricks and Double Dealing from Biblical Times to Today published by M. Evans and Company, Inc. (1997)
Terrorism In The 20th Century: A Narrative Encyclopedia from the Anarchists, Through the Weathermen, to the Unabomber
The Great Pictorial History of World Crime published by Scarecrow Press (2004)
Encyclopedia Of Civil War Battles published by Scarecrow Press (2005).
Encyclopedia of Western Lawmen & Outlaws
Fingerprint Identification And Classification
Forensic Anthropology
Forensic DNA Analysis
Forensic Psychology
Forensic Serology
Forensic Toxicology
Forensic Pathology
References
1937 births
Living people
American non-fiction crime writers
Edgar Award winners
Non-fiction writers about organized crime in the United States
People associated with true crime
Writers from Indianapolis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20Robert%20Nash
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The Benemerenti Medal is a medal awarded by the Pope to members of the clergy and laity for service to the Catholic Church. Originally established as an award for soldiers in the Papal Army, it is now a civil decoration but may still be awarded to members of the Pontifical Swiss Guard.
History
The Benemerenti Medal was first awarded by Pope Pius VI (1775–1799) as a military decoration. In 1831 under Pope Gregory XVI (1831–1846) a special Benemerenti medal was struck to reward those who fought courageously in the Papal army at Ferrara, Bologna, and Vienna.
In 1925, the concept of awarding this medal as a mark of recognition to persons in service of the Catholic Church, both civil and military, lay and clergy alike, became acceptable. Members of the Swiss Guard may receive it for three years of faithful service.
Appearance
The current version of the Benemerenti medal was designed by Pope Paul VI. The medal is a gold Greek Cross depicting Christ with his hand raised in blessing. On the left arm of the cross is the tiara and crossed keys symbol of the papacy. On the right arm is the coat of arms of the current Pope. The medal is suspended from a yellow and white ribbon, the colors of the Papacy.
Previous versions and variants consisted mainly of a round medal with the portrait of the reigning Pope on the front and a laurel wreath with an inscription "BENEMERENTI" or "BENE MERENTI" on the back.
Gallery
Recipients
List of Benemerenti medal recipients
See also
List of ecclesiastical decorations
References
External links
Benemerenti medal: Information in German
Illustrations of different Benemerenti Medals (1852)
Further illustrations of different Benemerenti Medals (1852)
1832 establishments in the Papal States
Benemerenti Medal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benemerenti%20medal
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"I Was Only Joking" is a song written by Gary Grainger and Rod Stewart released by Stewart in 1978 as the third single on his 1977 album, Foot Loose & Fancy Free. The song performed well, reaching the Top 40 in various countries, including the United Kingdom (No. 5) and the United States (No. 22). In the UK, "I Was Only Joking" charted as part of a double A-side with "Hot Legs".
The song is one of Stewart's most loved songs, containing some of his finest sets of lyrics. A heartfelt tale of youth looked on from a now-mature perspective in regret and sorrow. A long guitar solo features, starting with acoustic then moving to electric. The solo is played by Stewart’s frequent collaborator and English guitarist Jim Cregan. It is seen as one of the best guitar solos in classic rock.
Reception
Billboard said that Stewart is in "top form interpreting insightful lyrics over a rhythmic, semi-acoustic rock foundation," and Billboard also praised the string and mandolin playing. Cash Box called the song "a gentle ballad about growing and learning" and called the guitar playing "clean." Record World called it "perhaps the most thoughtful song" from "Foot Loose and Fancy Free."
Chart performance
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
Rod Stewart songs
1978 singles
Songs written by Rod Stewart
Songs written by Gary Grainger
1977 songs
Warner Records singles
Music videos directed by Bruce Gowers
Song recordings produced by Tom Dowd
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Was%20Only%20Joking
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The Wayside Folk Museum was a small private museum situated in the village of Zennor in west Cornwall, United Kingdom. It was the oldest private museum in Cornwall.
The exhibition within the museum concentrates on the past lives, traditions and practices of the people of Zennor and Penwith. Displays includes the kitchen and parlour of a miller's cottage, a mill house, a blacksmith shop, exhibits on fishing, farming, mining, domestic life and archaeology.
The museum closed in 2015 due to retirement.
References
External links
Wayside Museum and Trewey Mill - Cornwall Museums
Cornish culture
Museums in Cornwall
Local museums in Cornwall
Blacksmith shops
Zennor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayside%20Folk%20Museum
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The Belle Vue Colts are the junior youth development team of the Belle Vue Aces, one of the World's most famous motorcycle speedway team, based in Manchester in the northwest of England.
History
Belle Vue first operated a reserve team during the 1934 Speedway National League which finished 6th in the league table. Three years later in the 1937 Provincial Speedway League the Belle Vue reserve side took over the fixtures of Liverpool Merseysiders and in the 1939 Speedway National League Division Two the Belle Vue reserves replaced Stoke Potters. In the mid-1950s Belle Vue ran a few "second" team events when the Aces were away from home.
The Belle Vue Colts side was formed by former Aces rider Dent Oliver, who became General Manager of Belle Vue Aces in 1967. Oliver's arrival brought sweeping changes to the club's approach as he recognised that if the club was to remain at the very top of British Speedway it needed a way of developing its own young riders. Oliver quickly introduced the now legendary Monday night training schools which he hoped would provide for Belle Vue's future. His efforts brought huge and immediate rewards, with youngsters coming from the north of England to become a part of Belle Vue's roster.
Belle Vue were invited to enter a team of their raw youngsters alongside former provincial league teams like Middlesbrough Bears, Plymouth Devils and Rayleigh Rockets, and the new division roared into life on Wednesday 8 May 1968 with Belle Vue defeating Canterbury 55–23 in the first ever second division match. The Colts went through that maiden season unbeaten at home and clinched the league title on Wednesday 28 August when they beat Weymouth 63-15 (the most convincing victory of the season). Twelve months later The Colts retained their Second Division title and even went one better by adding the Knock-Out Cup to the trophy cabinet. Many of the riders used in those two debut seasons went on to further their careers at first division level.
In 1970, the Belle Vue management looked for a new home for their nursery team, and this was found at Rochdale where the Colts moved — still under the control of Belle Vue — to become the Rochdale Hornets. Rochdale finished third in the 1970 Second Division and reached the semi-finals of the knock-out cup. The Hornets closed after finishing ninth in the 1971 championship, but not before unearthing the biggest talent that the second division was ever to produce: the 16-year-old Peter Collins.
The Belle Vue Colts have continued in various competitions, usually as second half events after the Aces' matches. Notable successes include the 1978 Scottish Junior League title, the 1989 British League 2 Championship and K.O. Cup double and the 2001 and 2002 Northern Youth Development titles. Joe Screen, Carl Stonehewer, Scott Smith, Lee Smethills, Ricky Ashworth and James Wright all moved on to a higher level.
Since 2016 the team have competed in league competition and currently are part of the 2021 National Development League speedway season.
Previous teams
2019 team
Jordan Palin
Leon Flint
Kyle Bickley
Connor Bailey
Danny Phillips
Ben Woodhull
Ben Rathbone
2021 team
Jack Smith 8.87
Benji Compton 8.86
Harry McGurk 7.35
Jake Parkinson-Blackburn 7.08
Connor Coles 6.75
Paul Bowen 6.00
Sam McGurk 5.94
Ben Woodhull 3.45
2022 team
8.72
8.67
8.30
7.68
6.75
6.31
5.61
Full season summary
References
Sport in Manchester
Speedway teams in the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belle%20Vue%20Colts
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The Voyage Out is the first novel by Virginia Woolf, published in 1915 by Duckworth.
Development and first draft
Woolf began work on The Voyage Out by 1910 (perhaps as early as 1907) and had finished an early draft by 1912. The novel had a long and difficult gestation; it was not published until 1915, as it was written during a period in which Woolf was especially psychologically vulnerable. She suffered from periods of depression and at one point attempted suicide. The resultant work contained the seeds of all that would blossom in her later work: the innovative narrative style, the focus on feminine consciousness, sexuality and death.
In 1981, Louise DeSalvo published an alternate version of The Voyage Out featuring its original title, Melymbrosia. Professor DeSalvo worked for seven years on the project of reconstructing the text of the novel as it might have appeared in 1912, before Woolf had begun serious revisions. She reviewed more than 1,000 manuscript pages from Woolf's private papers, dating the earlier versions of the work by small organizational clues such as the color of ink used or noticing where a pen had last left off writing. DeSalvo's Melymbrosia attempts to restore the text of the novel as Woolf had originally conceived it, which contained more candid political commentary on such issues as homosexuality, women's suffrage, and colonialism. According to DeSalvo, Woolf was "warned by colleagues that publishing such an outspoken indictment of Britain could prove disastrous to her fledgling career". The work was heavily revised until it became the novel now known as The Voyage Out, which omits much of the political candour of the original. DeSalvo's edition was reissued by Cleis Press in 2002.
Plot
Rachel Vinrace embarks for South America on her father's ship and is launched on a course of self-discovery in a kind of modern mythical voyage. The mismatched jumble of passengers provides Woolf with an opportunity to satirise Edwardian life. The novel introduces Clarissa Dalloway, the central character of Woolf's later novel, Mrs Dalloway. Two of the other characters were modelled after important figures in Woolf's life. St John Hirst is a fictional portrayal of Lytton Strachey and Helen Ambrose is to some extent inspired by Woolf's sister, Vanessa Bell. Rachel's journey from a cloistered life in a London suburb to freedom, challenging intellectual discourse, and self-discovery very likely reflects Woolf's own journey from a repressive household to the intellectual stimulation of the Bloomsbury Group. Toward the novel's end, Rachel Vinrace dies of a fever.
Critical reception
Writing in 1926, E. M. Forster described it as "... a strange, tragic, inspired book whose scene is a South America not found on any map and reached by a boat which would not float on any sea, an America whose spiritual boundaries touch Xanadu and Atlantis". Reviewing the book a decade earlier, he wrote this: "It is absolutely unafraid... Here at last is a book which attains unity as surely as Wuthering Heights, though by a different path."
Literary scholar Phyllis Rose writes in her introduction to the novel, "No later novel of Woolf's will capture so brilliantly the excitement of youth." And also the excitement and challenge of life. "It's not cowardly to wish to live," says one old man at the end of the book. "It's the very reverse of cowardly. Personally, I'd like to go on for a hundred years... Think of all the things that are bound to happen!"
Woolf's review copies for USA publication
There are two known copies of the first edition that Woolf is known to have used to record her intended alterations ahead of the 1920 re-issue in the USA. The first is in a private collection in the USA.
The second was acquired in 1976, by the University of Sydney, from a bookshop in London. This copy was mis-filed in the science section of the University of Sydney's rare books collection by mistake, ads the call number was similar to that collection's numbers. It was re-discovered in 2021 during a re-cataloguing. this copy contains the carbon copies of notes in the other copy but, also and uniquely, Woolf's notes and some deletions (in Chapter 25) written in violet ink. This copy has Woolf's name written on the front flyleaf. The copy has been digitised and published by the university.
Notes
External links
Penguin Edition
1915 British novels
Novels by Virginia Woolf
Novels set in South America
Gerald Duckworth and Company books
1915 debut novels
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Voyage%20Out
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Ronald (Ron) Steven Lauder (born February 26, 1944) is an American businessman, billionaire, philanthropist, art collector, and political activist. He is the president of the World Jewish Congress since 2007. He and his brother, Leonard Lauder, are the sole heirs to the Estée Lauder cosmetics company, founded by their parents, Estée Lauder and Joseph Lauder, in 1946. According to Forbes, Lauder has a net worth of $4.5 billion dollars as of September 2022 (number 563 on Forbes' list of billionaires)
Early life and education
Lauder was born in New York City to a Jewish family, the son of Estée Lauder and Joseph Lauder, founders of Estée Lauder Companies. He is the younger brother of Leonard Lauder, chairman of the board of the Estée Lauder Companies.
He attended the Bronx High School of Science and holds a bachelor's degree in International Business from the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania. He studied at the University of Paris and received a Certificate in International Business from the University of Brussels.
Career
Lauder started to work for the Estée Lauder Company in 1964 as head of the international department. In 1984, he became a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for European and NATO policy at the United States Department of Defense.
In 1986, Ronald Reagan named him as the United States Ambassador to Austria, a position he held until 1987. As ambassador, he fired diplomatic officer Felix Bloch, who later became known in connection with the Robert Hanssen espionage case.
As a Republican, he made a bid to become the mayor of New York City in 1989, losing to Rudy Giuliani in the Republican primary (Giuliani lost to David Dinkins in the general election but defeated Dinkins in 1993). His campaign managers were Roger Ailes of Fox News and Arthur Finkelstein, a strong supporter of Richard Nixon. Michael Massing, writing of this nomination race, notes that politically Lauder 'seemed out of step with most American Jews; ... he ran to the right of Rudolph Giuliani. And, on Israeli issues, he was a vocal supporter of the Likud party, with long-standing ties to Benjamin Netanyahu." Lauder spent $14 million of his own funds on the race. In 1994 he successfully led a campaign to place term limits on the mayor. In the Republican primary Giuliani had 77,150 (67.0%) vote to 37,960 (33.0%) for Lauder.
In 1998, Lauder was asked by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to begin Track II negotiations with Syrian leader Hafez al-Assad; these negotiations continued after the election of Ehud Barak to the post. Lauder communicated a new-found willingness on Assad's part to make compromises with the Israelis in an overall land for peace deal, and his draft "Treaty of Peace Between Israel and Syria" formed an important part of the (ultimately fruitless) Israeli Syrian negotiations that occurred in January 2000 in Shepherdstown, West Virginia.
Lauder manages investments in real estate and media, including Central European Media Enterprises and Israeli TV. In 2010, Lauder founded RWL Water, LLC.
Civic and philanthropic activities
Lauder has been involved with organizations, such as the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, the Jewish National Fund, the World Jewish Congress, the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, the Anti-Defamation League, the Jewish Theological Seminary, Rabbinical College of America, Brandeis University, and the Abraham Fund. With his brother he founded the Lauder Institute at Wharton School. Lauder has also served as a finance chairman of the New York Republican State Committee.
In 2003, Lauder founded and became a president of Lauder Business School in Vienna, Austria.
Lauder led a movement to introduce term limits in the New York City Council, which were subsequently imposed on most NYC elected officials, including the Mayor and City Council, after a citywide referendum in 1993. In 1996, voters turned down a council proposal to extend term limits. Lauder spent $4 million on the two referendums.
Art
On November 16, 2001, Lauder opened the Neue Galerie in New York, an art museum dedicated to art from Germany and Austria from the early 20th century. It holds one of the best collections of works by Egon Schiele in the world.
On June 18, 2006, he purchased from Maria Altmann and her family, the painting Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I by Gustav Klimt for $135 million, the highest price ever paid for a painting at that time. Lauder called the painting "Our Mona Lisa". He reportedly saw Klimt's portrait as a youth in Vienna and had admired it since. The painting, a Nazi-looted art piece which had just been restored to Altmann following years of negotiation and litigation with the Austrian government, now forms the centerpiece of the museum's collection.
Lauder also has the world's largest private collection of medieval and Renaissance armor.
Lauder has been criticized for failure to resolve a case involving the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), which in 1997 exhibited some paintings owned by Rudolph Leopold, a Viennese doctor and art collector. An investigative article in The New York Times on December 24, 1997 – "A Singular Passion for Amassing Art, One Way or Another" – outlined a case involving Portrait of Wally by Egon Schiele, which was in the MoMA exhibition but was obtained by Leopold soon after the Nazi era. The New York County District Attorney (Manhattan) stepped in to help restore the piece to descendants of its original owner, but ownership of the painting is still in contention, nearly ten years later. Lauder has been accused of a failure to act on the case, despite being MoMA chairman at the time.
Lauder is an honorary trustee of the World Monuments Fund, a New York-based non-profit with the mission of protecting endangered cultural heritage sites around the world.
In 1987, Lauder established the Ronald S. Lauder Foundation, a philanthropic organization that is dedicated to rebuilding Jewish life in Central and Eastern Europe. The foundation also supports student exchange programs between New York and various capitals in Central and Eastern Europe.
In 1998, Lauder co-founded the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation with his brother, Leonard A. Lauder. Its mission it to "rapidly accelerate the discovery of drugs to prevent, treat and cure Alzheimer's disease." Ronald continues as the Foundation's co-chairman.
In 2020, Lauder gave 91 pieces of arms and armor to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The 91-object gift is the museum's most significant since 1942. To honor the gift, the museum's entire group of Arms and Armor galleries is now named for Lauder.
President of the World Jewish Congress
Lauder was elected president of the World Jewish Congress on June 10, 2007, following the resignation of Edgar Bronfman, Sr. He beat the South African businessman Mendel Kaplan and Einat Wilf of Israel by a clear margin.
President George W. Bush appointed him to serve on the honorary delegation to accompany him to Jerusalem for the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the State of Israel in May 2008.
Lauder condemned the persecution of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar.
Jewish activism
In July 2009, Bernie Ecclestone faced calls from Lauder to resign as Formula One chief after he had praised Adolf Hitler in a newspaper interview and said that Hitler "got things done". Lauder said someone with Ecclestone's views should not be allowed to run such an important and popular racing series. He urged Formula One teams, drivers and host countries to suspend their cooperation with him. In reaction, Ecclestone told the news agency Associated Press that "I think the people who are saying that haven't got the power to say these things." Asked if the World Jewish Congress was influential, Ecclestone said: "It's a pity they didn't sort the banks out" and "They have a lot of influence everywhere". After a public outcry, Ecclestone apologized for his remarks and said he had "been an idiot".
In December 2009, Lauder protested against the Roman Curia's decree recognizing the heroic virtues of Pope Pius XII, asserting that an eventual beatification would be inopportune until the Holy See's historical archives from the 1939–1945 period were opened.
In 2011, writing in the German newspaper Die Welt, Lauder called for Israel to be admitted into the Western defense alliance NATO: "Israel needs real guarantees for its security. European NATO member states – including Turkey – must admit the state of Israel into the Western alliance," the WJC president wrote. He referred to the uprisings in Egypt and Tunisia and said they were reminders of how "unpredictable" developments in the Middle East were. Israeli NATO membership "would send a strong signal to other countries not to take on Israel", Lauder argued.
Lauder has also been outspoken on anti-Semitism. In an opinion article entitled "Sweden's Shame", he attacked the Swedish government, church officials and media for "fanning the flames" of hatred against Jews.
In May 2012, Lauder condemned as "despicable" remarks made by the Norwegian sociologist Johan Galtung who had "revived anti-Semitic canards such as Jewish control of the media" and suggested that Israel's Mossad could have been behind the 2011 "massacres in Norway committed by Anders Breivik" in which 77 people died. Lauder declared: "There is a growing tendency to blame the Jews for all evil that happens under the sun. It is a scandal that a leading academic such as Galtung does not shy away from citing notorious forgeries such as the Protocols of the Elders of Zion to support his bigoted arguments."
In August 2012, Lauder criticized Austrian politicians for failing to publicly denounce the leader of the third-largest political party in the country, the FPÖ, Heinz-Christian Strache, who had posted an anti-Semitic cartoon on his Facebook page. "Clearly, and not for the first time, the FPÖ leader is trying to whip up anti-Semitic sentiment. His repeated denials are not credible because his words and actions speak for themselves," Ronald Lauder said in a statement, adding: "This scandal shows that anti-Jewish resentment is still widespread, and unscrupulous politicians are allowed to exploit it for electioneering purposes. That is mind-boggling, and it could have negative repercussions for Austrian Jews." The Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien (Vienna Israelite Community) banned Lauder for allegedly interfering in its board elections. IKG President Oskar Deutsch alleged that Lauder had offered incentives to members of the IKG to support another candidate. A Lauder spokesman denied the allegations. In January 2013, it was reported that Deutsch and Lauder had resolved their dispute.
Lauder has been strongly critical of business deals by European energy firms with Iran and called for stronger UN sanctions because of Tehran's threat against Israel and its nuclear program. In April 2008, he criticized a visit by Swiss Foreign Minister Micheline Calmy-Rey to Tehran where she met with Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to help a Swiss company secure a multibillion-dollar contract to buy natural gas from Iran. Lauder told a press conference in Bern: "Maybe that money that Switzerland is paying to Iran will some day be used to either buy weapons to kill Israelis, or buy weapons to kill Americans, or buy missiles to be able to deliver nuclear weapons." Lauder also led diplomatic efforts to persuade European businesses to withdraw from Iran. In January 2010, he warmly welcomed the announcement by Siemens CEO Peter Löscher that his company would not seek new business in Iran.
In February 2018, the Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki stated that "there were Jewish perpetrators" of the Holocaust, "not only German perpetrators." Lauder condemned Morawiecki's comment as anti-Semitic, saying: "The Polish prime minister [Morawiecki] has displayed appalling ignorance with his unconscionable claim that so-called 'Jewish perpetrators' were partly responsible for the Nazi German attempt to wipe out European Jewry ... this government is going to extreme and unfathomable lengths to exonerate some of their countrymen's own complicity in the murders of their neighbors. This is nothing short of an attempt to falsify history, that is one of the very worst forms of anti-Semitism and Holocaust obfuscation. We demand an immediate retraction and apology from the Polish government of these absurd and offensive remarks.".
in 2019, Lauder launched the Antisemitism Accountability Project (ASAP) to fund campaigns fighting federal, state, and local candidates who support or promote antisemitism.
The Washington Examiner reported in October 2023 that Lauder announced he was no longer providing financial resources to the University of Pennsylvania over antisemitism concerns following the terrorist group Hamas attacking Israel.
Conservative activism and donations
Lauder had donated $1.1 million in 2016 to Secure America Now (SAN). In the same year, SAN broadcast anti-Muslim social media videos in swing states just before the U.S. elections. Lauder disavowed the videos; a spokesman said that he had donated to the group "support their work in opposition to the Iran nuclear deal" (which had concluded in 2015) and "had nothing to do with any of the group's other activities"; the spokesman said that Lauder supported "interfaith respect and dialogue" and "would never be involved with insulting people of faith." The videos at issue may have been targeted at increasing turnout among supporters of Donald Trump.
Lauder is a longtime Republican Party donor. Since 2016, Lauder has donated more than $1.6 million to pro-Donald Trump organizations. In 2020, Lauder donated $1.7 million to a new independent expenditure group that opposed criminal justice reform in New York.
Lauder pitched the idea to Trump to buy Greenland in 2019 from Denmark. In the proposal he proposed to be the intermediary in the transaction which Denmark rejected. His involvement was first reported in a 2022 book The Divider by Peter Baker and his wife Susan Glasser.
His brother supported Kathy Hochul's successful campaign for New York governor in 2022, but Ronald himself gave $11 million to the Republican challenger Lee Zeldin.
Israel activism
Lauder has repeatedly come to the defense of Israel in public and is seen as an ally of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. In May 2012, he reacted "with dismay" at a suggestion by Ireland's Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Eamon Gilmore to impose a European Union-wide import ban on products made in Israeli settlements in the West Bank, which Gilmore said were "illegal" and made peace between Israel and the Palestinians "impossible". Lauder said: "Such boycott calls are cynical and hypocritical. Minister Gilmore is taking aim at the only liberal democracy in the Middle East while keeping quiet about those who really wreak havoc in the region: the Assads, Ahmadinejads and their allies Hezbollah and Hamas." He added that "the West Bank territories are legally disputed and not illegally occupied."
In remarks to the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians made on June 28, 2011, Lauder reportedly scolded Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for a number of missteps, including lacking a diplomatic plan heading into the September UN vote on Palestinian statehood and setting preconditions for negotiations as part of the Israeli–Palestinian peace process, according to Haaretz. However, in June 2012, on the third anniversary of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's speech at Bar-Ilan University, Lauder published a full-page advertisement in The Wall Street Journal and other newspapers in which he called on Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas to return to the negotiating table. "Accept the offer to talk, President Abbas. It takes two sides to make peace," Lauder wrote.
Channel 10
Lauder has participated in a number of large media deals in Israel, among which was his purchase of part of commercial television Channel 10.
In September 2011, Israeli media published accounts that Lauder had put heavy pressure on the executives of the channel to broadcast a personal apology to the businessman Sheldon Adelson with regard to a profile that the channel had broadcast in January 2011. The apology read, "After the broadcast of the piece, we checked the accusations. Our checks revealed that the accusations were – and are – completely false ... We are very regretful that we did not check these accusations before broadcasting them." Lauder's forcing of the form of the apology led to the resignation of the channel's news chief Reudor Benziman, its news editor Ruti Yuval, and its presenter Guy Zohar (who continues in another post in Channel 10), who criticized Lauder for the pressure he exerted. Because of the attacks, detailed above, on Lauder (who had been until then the last major funder of the channel), he decided to reconsider his financial support. If the channel lost his funding, it would have difficulty continuing to operate to its current standard past October 2011.
On November 3, 2011, The Second Authority for Television and Radio reached a decision on the issue in which it decided that the apology to Adelson broadcast by the channel was appropriate and that "no evidence has been presented that there was any intervention by the shareholders of Channel 10 on new content, or even on the text of the apology, which was agreed between the news company and the person injured by the broadcast."
Personal life
Lauder is married to Jo Carole (Knopf) Lauder. They have two children, Aerin and Jane.
Lauder's daughter Jane is married to Kevin Warsh, a former member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors.
In 1985 he published a book titled Fighting Violent Crime in America.
A 2007 profile of Lauder in The New Yorker magazine detailed his residences, including three properties in Manhattan – a townhouse on East 70th Street, the Rockefeller Guest House on East 52nd Street, as well as an apartment at 740 Park Avenue. The profile additionally listed homes in Florida, London, Paris, and Wainscott, Long Island.
Honors
2011: Andrew Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy
2018: Andrey Sheptytsky Medal
2018: Harvey Prize awarded in 2019
See also
CME/Lauder v. Czech Republic
Lauder – Morasha School
References
Further reading
Lauder, RS. Fighting Violent Crime in America. Dodd Mead (April 1985).
Anne-Marie O'Connor. The Lady in Gold: The Extraordinary Tale of Gustav Klimt's Masterpiece, Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer. Alfred A. Knopf, New York 2012,
External links
World Jewish Congress
Lauder Institute
Chairman of the Board Ronald S. Lauder of the Jewish National Fund
President Ronald S. Lauder of the World Jewish Congress, elected June 2007
Profile at Central European Media Enterprises
RWL Water Group
Profile at Forbes
Ronald Lauder collected news and coverage at The New York Observer
1944 births
Living people
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American diplomats
20th-century American politicians
20th-century art collectors
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century art collectors
Activists from New York (state)
Ambassadors of the United States to Austria
American billionaires
American chairpersons of corporations
American company founders
American cosmetics businesspeople
American people of Czech-Jewish descent
American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
American political activists
American political fundraisers
American retail chief executives
American Zionists
Art museum people
The Bronx High School of Science alumni
Channel 10 (Israeli TV channel)
Conservative Party of New York State politicians
Heads of universities in Austria
Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) alumni
International Emmy Directorate Award
Jewish American art collectors
American philanthropists
Jewish American people in New York (state) politics
Lauder family
Museum founders
New York (state) Republicans
People associated with the Museum of Modern Art (New York City)
Businesspeople from the Upper East Side
Philanthropists from New York (state)
Politicians from New York City
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni
United States Department of Defense officials
University and college founders
University of Paris alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Lauder
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Nasr Athlétique de Hussein Dey (), known as NA Hussein Dey or NAHD for short, is an Algerian football club based in Hussein Dey, Algiers. The club was founded in 1947 and its colours are red and yellow. Their home stadium, 20 August 1955 Stadium, has a capacity of 10,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue 2.
History
The 15 June 1947 to Leveilley coffee Kaddour (now Maqaria), 180 members met to decide on the merger of three clubs of Hussein Dey: Nedjma Sports Hussein Dey, the Ideal Club Cooler and Esperance Sportive de Leveilley The athletic Nasr Hussein Dey was born.
The Nasria is a club that was blessed at the time by the Sheikh Larbi Tbessi. A club that has been active during the war of liberation, and had its share of suffering, pain and of course, its share of martyrs, who responded to the call for 1956/1957 for stop sports clubs Algerians, the NAHD ceased all activity and did not resume until after the country's independence in 1962. Champion Algiers in 1963, he won his only championship of Algeria in 1967.
In 35 years of presence at the highest level of national football, NAHD is mounted on the podium ten times in the league and won an Algerian Cup in 1979. The team also played a final of the African Cup Winners' Cup the same year.
The Nasria is known for its training policy advocated by renowned coaches: Fez René Vernier Reynolds Ammar Boudissa and Jean Snella. This policy was responsible for the emergence of a generation of exceptional players who formed the backbone of the Algerian team in the Spanish World in 1982.
Among the iconic players of the club we quote Defnoun Abdelkader Ouchen Bouyahi Youcef Khedis Merzekane Fergani El Hocine Aït Lazazi Alliche.
Special mention to Madjer who had the chance to play abroad and that made a world career with the FC Porto especially.
Not to mention Mahmoud Guendouz which is the Algerian player who has the most significant playing time in final phase of World Cup (540 min).
The season 2008, the NAHD became the first Algerian club to move a player to a club in Europe: center-back Rafik Halliche in this case, recruited by Benfica. Halliche will break the record Guendouz by playing seven matches (700 minutes) of the team of Algeria in the last two editions of the World Cup (2010 and 2014).
Nahdiste The school has trained a galaxy of talented players such as Zarabi Guenoun Bouchefra and many others.
But the club's training policy also has perverse effects. Every year, the club does not have a large budget, is bled of its best features. The last three years, we could consider that the workforce is redesigned each "transfer window" or each semester.
Finally we will finish by quoting the presidents that marked the club's history: Benyoucef Bensiam Slimane Hoffman.
Crest
Honours
Domestic competitions
Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1
Champion (1): 1966–67
Runner-up (5): 1963–64, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1981–82, 1992–93
Algerian Cup
Winner (1): 1978–79
Runner-up (4): 1967–68, 1976–77, 1981–82, 2015–16
Performance in CAF competitions
CAF Confederation Cup: 2 appearances
2006 – Intermediate Round
2018–19 – Group Stage
African Cup Winners' Cup: 3 appearances
1978 – Finalist
1980 – Semi-finals
1994 – Second Round
Notable players
Below are the notable former players who have represented NA Hussein Dey in league and international competition since the club's foundation in 1947. To appear in the section below, a player must have played in at least 100 official matches for the club or represented the national team for which the player is eligible during his stint with NA Hussein Dey or following his departure.
For a complete list of NA Hussein Dey players, see :Category:NA Hussein Dey players
Algeria
Rezki Amrouche
Yacine Bentalaa
Billel Dziri
Farès Fellahi
Ali Fergani
Mahmoud Guendouz
Rafik Halliche
Meziane Ighil
Sid Ahmed Khedis
Algeria
Abdelkader Laïfaoui
Rabah Madjer
Chaabane Merzekane
Fawzi Moussouni
Lahcène Nazef
Moncef Ouichaoui
Mohamed Ousserir
Abderraouf Zarabi
Africa
Bhaudry Massouanga
Paul Emile Biyaga
Amadou Diamouténé
Jimmy Bulus
Players in international competitions
African Cup Players
1968 African Cup
Lakhdar Bouyahi
1980 African Cup
Chaabane Merzekane
Mahmoud Guendouz
Mohamed Khedis
Rabah Madjer
1982 African Cup
Abdelkader Horr
Meziane Ighil
Chaabane Merzekane
Ahmed Aït El-Hocine
Rabah Madjer
1984 African Cup
Mahmoud Guendouz
1986 African Cup
Chaabane Merzekane
World Cup Players
World Cup 1982
Mahmoud Guendouz
Mustafa Kouici
Chaabane Merzekane
Rabah Madjer
Yacine Bentalaa
Olympic Players
1980 Summer Olympics
Mahmoud Guendouz
Chaabane Merzekane
Mohamed Khedis
Rabah Madjer
2016 Summer Olympics
Sofiane Bendebka
References
External links
Football clubs in Algeria
Association football clubs established in 1947
Football clubs in Algiers
Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 clubs
Algerian Ligue 2 clubs
1947 establishments in Algeria
Sports clubs and teams in Algeria
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NA%20Hussein%20Dey
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British Nationality Act is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom relating to nationality.
The Bill for an Act with this short title will have been known as a British Nationality Bill during its passage through Parliament.
List
The British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914
The British Nationality Act 1948
The British Nationality Act 1958
The British Nationality Act 1964
The British Nationality (No 2) Act 1964
The British Nationality Act 1965
The British Nationality Act 1981
The British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983 (c. 6)
The British Nationality (Hong Kong) Act 1990 (c. 34)
The British Nationality (Hong Kong) Act 1997 (c. 20)
The British Subjects Acts 1708 to 1772 was the collective title of the following Acts:
The Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act 1708 (7 Ann. c. 5)
The British Nationality Act 1730 (4 Geo. 2. c. 21)
The British Subjects Act 1751 (25 Geo. 2. c. 39)
The British Nationality Act 1772 (13 Geo. 3. c. 21)
See also
History of British nationality law
Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006
List of short titles
References
Lists of legislation by short title
British nationality law
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Nationality%20Act
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Brinza may refer to
Brînza, a village in Moldova
Bryndza, a sheep milk cheese made in East-Central Europe
Ianoș Brînză (born 1998), Moldovan football goalkeeper
Tiberiu Brînză (born 1968), Romanian rugby union player
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinza
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Chichester High School for Boys, or CHSB, was a boys' secondary school with academy status, located in the city of Chichester, West Sussex, England. It was formed in 1971 during the schools reformation act of the 1970s by the amalgamation of two established schools; The Lancastrian School (established 1895) and the High School for Boys (established 1929). In 2016, Chichester High School for Boys merged with Chichester High School for Girls, to become just Chichester High School. This occurred after speculation that the two schools would merge, starting from 2014. The new school would adopt purple as its main colour, replacing the previous boys' school green and girls' school navy.
History
Early history (1929–1971)
The Chichester High School for Boys was founded in 1929.
During World War II, children were evacuated from large cities to protect them from The Blitz. Pupils from the Henry Thornton School in London attended Chichester High School for Boys from October 1939 to July 1943. The school had a rule that if the air raid siren sounded before 5 pm there would be no homework that day.
Amalgamation with the Lancastrian School (1971–2013)
The Chichester High School for Boys and the Lancastrian School for Boys were amalgamated in 1971. The sister schools of the Chichester High School for Girls and the Lancastrian School for Girls were also amalgamated at the same time.
Academy status (2013–2016)
The Chichester High School for Boys converted to Academy status on 1 September 2013 and was taken over by The Kemnal Academies Trust (TKAT).
In July 2015, Ofsted conducted a full inspection and gave the school a 'Requires Improvement' rating.
In September 2016, the Chichester High School for Boys and the Chichester High School for Girls were amalgamated into the Chichester High School.
Uniform
The Boys and Girls High Schools have merged, so the uniform has changed as of 2016. Since the boys' and girls' schools merged in 2016 purple blazers are worn, along with purple ties, with stripes of each house colour.
Headteachers
Lancastrian School
Rev. John Deacon (1845)
Rev. Peter Chris (1853)
Rev. Edward Saunders (1859)
William Lewis (1867)
James Thompson (1873)
Richard P Usher (1888)
Thomas Hayes (1892)
Dr. Samuel Gardner (1905)
Beilert Valance (1919)
John Patrick (1928)
Edwin Bishop (1937)
Neil Young (1942) (acting)
Alexander Few (1943)
Paul Stanley (1957)
Dr. Peter Bishop (1953)
Chichester High School for Boys
H F Collins MA (London)(1928)
Doctor E W Bishop (1934)
Alfred A Scales (Acting) (1953-1954)
Kenneth D Anderson MA (Oxon.) (1954)
Dennis Watkins (1972)
Sebastian Green (1977)
Simon Neil (1979)
Ron L Austin (1987)
Mrs Diane Dockrell (1998)
John Robinson (2005–2009)
Gavin Salvesen-Sawh (2010–2014)
Gary Potter (2014–2015) (Acting)
Chichester High School
Mrs Yasmin Maskatiya (2015–2018)
Mrs Joanne McKeown (2018-
Notable alumni
Arts
Neil Bartlett – writer, director, actor
Howard Brenton – playwright
Michael Elphick (1946–2002) – actor (Lancastrian School for Boys)
Adrian Noble – Chief executive from 1990 to 2003 of the Royal Shakespeare Company
David Wood – actor, playwright
Armed forces
Air Chief Marshal Sir Brendan Jackson
Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Rodney Park- RAF
Major Timothy Peake – Army Air Corps Apache test pilot and astronaut for the European Space Agency
Admiral Sir Bertram Home Ramsay
General Sir Neil Methuen Ritchie
Brigadier Mike Stone (defence) – chief information officer of the Ministry of Defence
Education
Martin Hall – Vice-Chancellor of the University of Salford since 2009
Patrick Allen (music educator) – author and teacher
S. Barry Cooper – Mathematician
Alan Howard Ward – Physicist
Sport
Douglas Bunn – founded Hickstead in 1960
John Snow – English Test cricketer
Jimmy Hill – English footballer and ex-Chairman of the Professional Footballers' Association. Attended the school when evacuated from London during World War II.
Sean Heather – Sussex cricketer
Adam Webster – English footballer
Kieran Low – Scottish rugby player – plays 1st team for London Irish RFC and Scotland
Danny Gray – English rugby union player – played England Sevens from 2006 to 2007
Politics
Sir Jon Shortridge – Permanent Secretary of the Welsh Office
Sir Dudley Gordon Smith – Conservative MP for Warwick and Leamington from 1968 to 1997
Ian Whitting – Ambassador to Iceland and Montenegro
References
External links
Chichester High School for Boys
Chichester High Schools Sixth Form
South Downs Planetarium
Boys' schools in West Sussex
Education in Chichester
Defunct schools in West Sussex
Educational institutions established in 1971
1971 establishments in England
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichester%20High%20School%20For%20Boys
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Palmerston Forts built around the River Clyde include:
Ardhallow Battery, Dunoon
Fort Matilda, Greenock
Portkil Battery, Clyde
Forts in Scotland
South coast
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Palmerston%20Forts%20around%20the%20River%20Clyde
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Thomas Wendell Marshall, KC, MHA (born October 26, 1946) is a Canadian lawyer and politician. He was the 11th premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, having served in this capacity from January 24, 2014 to September 26, 2014.
Marshall represented the district of Humber East in the House of Assembly for the Progressive Conservative Party from 2003 until 2014. He had been a senior minister in the cabinets of Danny Williams and Kathy Dunderdale, having served in the portfolios of Minister of Finance and President of Treasury Board, Attorney General, Minister of Natural Resources, Minister of Justice and Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs. Prior to entering politics Marshall was a successful lawyer in Corner Brook. His father is Jack Marshall, who served as a Member of Parliament and Canadian Senator.
Background
Marshall grew up in Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador. He is the son of the late Sylvia and Jack Marshall. His father was a Progressive Conservative member of Parliament for Humber – St. George’s – St. Barbe, and a Canadian senator. Marshall attended Memorial University of Newfoundland, where he was awarded a bachelor of commerce degree in 1969. He went on to Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia where he was awarded a bachelor of laws degree in 1972. He joined the law firm of Barry, Wells and Monaghan as an associate lawyer, and became a partner in the firm of Barry, Wells, Monaghan, Seaborn and Marshall in 1975. He remained senior partner with the firm of Monaghan, Marshall, Murphy and Watton until his election to the House of Assembly in 2003.
Politics
In the 2003 provincial election, Marshall was the Progressive Conservative Party (PC Party) candidate in the district of Humber East. He ran against Bob Mercer, the Liberal incumbent and Minister of Environment in the Roger Grimes government. The PC Party won a majority government in the election, and Marshall easily defeated Mercer to become the MHA for Humber East. Marshall was easily re-elected in the 2007 provincial election, winning 84 per cent of the popular vote in his district. In the 2011 election Marshall won 78 per cent of the popular vote in Humber East. He resigned on November 3, 2014.
Since his first election win Marshall has held a number of senior cabinet roles within the governments of Danny Williams and Kathy Dunderdale. Weeks after the 2003 election he was sworn in as the Minister of Justice and Attorney General. On March 11, 2005, he also assumed the role as Minister responsible for Intergovernmental Affairs, a portfolio Williams had held since becoming premier. The following year Marshall became the Minister of Finance and President of Treasury Board, a portfolio he would hold on several occasion. His first stint as Finance Minister lasted until 2008, when he returned to the Department of Justice. In a 2009 cabinet shuffle Marshall was re-appointed Minister of Finance and President of the Treasury Board, and took the additional responsibility go Attorney General in 2012. In January 2013, left the Department of Justice and became Minister of Natural Resources, while remaining Attorney General. When his successor as Minister of Finance resigned suddenly in October of that year he would return to the portfolio. After being sworn in as the 11th Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, Marshall appointed Charlene Johnson as his successor at the Department of Finance and Felix Collins became the Attorney General.
Minister of Finance
In his first budget as Minister of Finance the province recorded a $76 million surplus. His budget cut personal taxes and paid $66 million onto the province's debt. In his 2008 budget Marshall announced a $1.4 billion budget surplus, the largest surplus to that date. Like his previous budget Marshall continued to cut personal income taxes and pay down debt, the budget also spent $673 million on infrastructure throughout Newfoundland and Labrador. Marshall's 2010 budget projected a $194.3 million deficit for that coming year despite that he increased overall spending and cut personal and small business taxes. By the time Marshall delivered his 2011 budget the deficit he projected the previous year had turned into a $485-million surplus, due to higher than expected oil revenues. The budget was the first under new premier Kathy Dunderdale and was delivered five months before the provincial election. The $7.3 billion dollar budget increased spending, but despite a budget surplus it would add to the province's net debt causing widespread anger and mistrust amongst the voting class .
Premier
Marshall was sworn in as the 11th Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador on January 24, 2014, succeeding Dunderdale who resigned the post on the same day. Marshall became the country's second Jewish premier, after Dave Barrett. He held the post until September 2014, when Paul Davis was elected as PC leader.
Leadership
When Williams announced his resignation as premier and Progressive Conservative leader on November 22, 2010, Marshall was considered a potential candidate in the race to succeed him. However, Marshall announced in December 2010, that he would not be a candidate and would instead be endorsing Dunderdale, who was later acclaimed leader. He became interim leader of the Progressive Conservative Party and Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador on January 24, 2014. Marshall has stated he is only interested in being premier for several months, until the party selects a permanent leader.
Public opinion
Dunderdale's resignation came after two years of dwindling public support for her, her government and the PC Party. In a Corporate Research Associates (CRA) poll conducted after Marshall became premier, support increased in these three areas. Satisfaction with government saw the largest increase, with 57 per cent of those poll indicating they approved of government's performance under Marshall. Compared to 20 per cent who were dissatisfied and 23 per cent who did not have an opinion or indicated it was too soon to tell. In the previous CRA poll conducted in November 2013, only 42 per cent of respondents were satisfied with the government's performance under Dunderdale. 32 per cent of respondents thought Marshall was the best choice for Premier, compared to 38 per cent who preferred Liberal leader Dwight Ball and 11 per cent who preferred New Democratic Party leader Lorraine Michael. Support for the Progressive Conservatives increased marginally in the poll and the party remained in a distanced second place. The poll showed the Liberal Party was the choice of 53 per cent of respondents, followed by PC Party with 33 per cent and the NDP were third with 13 per cent support. Satisfaction with government continued to increase under Marshall's leadership, with a CRA poll conducted throughout May 2013 showing that 64 per cent of those polled were either completely or mostly satisfied with government. Despite an increase in government satisfaction, Marshall's personal number as choice for premier only increased to 33 per cent. He trailed Ball who was the choice of 38 per cent, while Michael was well behind at 11 per cent. Support for the PC Party also dropped slightly, to the benefit of the NDP. The Liberals led in the poll with 53 per cent indicating they supported them, the Progressive Conservatives were second at 29 per cent and the NDP third at 16 per cent.
Post-politics
In 2017, Marshall endorsed Ches Crosbie in the 2018 provincial PC leadership race. Marshall supported Tony Wakeham in the 2023 provincial PC party leadership race.
Electoral history
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|Marc Best
|align="right"|593
|align="right"|13.28%
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|Jean Graham
|align="right"|256
|align="right"|5.17
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References
External links
Tom Marshall's PC Party biography archive
Premiers of Newfoundland and Labrador
Members of the Executive Council of Newfoundland and Labrador
Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador MHAs
Living people
Jewish Canadian politicians
1946 births
21st-century Canadian politicians
Leaders of the Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
Lawyers in Newfoundland and Labrador
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Marshall%20%28politician%29
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ImagineFX is a digital art magazine that features workshops and interviews with artists from the science fiction, fantasy, manga, anime, game and comic disciplines.
History and profile
Published in Bath, UK by Future plc since January 2006, the main focus of ImagineFX is the workshops featured in the second half of the magazine, which is published on a monthly basis. Artists such as Ryan Church, Jonny Duddle, Martin Bland and Henning Ludvigsen contribute to the magazine. The magazine come with a DVD but has since switched to digital downloads that include the workshop files that relate to the tutorials in the magazine, program demos, free fonts, textures, images and Photoshop brushes. It also has small segments of traditional and 3D art.
Each month the magazine features an interview with artists such as Alan Lee, Larry Elmore, Frank Frazetta and Jim Burns. Features such as "Rising Star", "Artist Porfolios" and reader galleries showcase the work of up-and-coming artists.
References
External links
2006 establishments in the United Kingdom
Visual arts magazines published in the United Kingdom
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Digital art
Magazines established in 2006
Mass media in Bath, Somerset
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImagineFX
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Bansha (; ) is a village in County Tipperary in Ireland. The village is part of the parish of "Bansha and Kilmoyler" (united in 1858) in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly. It is in the historical barony of Clanwilliam. Bansha is co-extensive with the pre-Reformation parish of Templeneiry of which the townland name of Templenahurney is thought to be a corruption. While the village is the focal point of the area, there is also an outlying hamlet in the parish, located at Rossadrehid where a rural creamery once serviced the dairy industry.
Location
Bansha is located on the National Primary Route (N24) linking the cities of Limerick and Waterford and is eight kilometres south-east of Tipperary Town and thirteen kilometres north-west of Cahir. The village is strategically located on the eastern approaches to the Glen of Aherlow, which forms a large part of the parish as do the Galtee Mountains (spelt Galty Mountains on Ordnance Survey maps), which has the highest inland mountain peak in Ireland, Galtymore (917 metres, or 3,009 ft). The Roman Catholic Parish Church of the Annunciation, built in 1807, is centrally located in the village as is the Church of Ireland, for the parish of Templeneiry, known to be in use from 1718 but now closed as unviable because of a reduced local congregation. However, the building which has an imposing spire, erected in 1814, is used for community purposes and the surrounding graveyard is still used for burials by the old families of the area. Bansha is located in the Golden Vale and the surrounding land is some of the finest in Ireland due to its natural limestone bedrock. The River Ara flows by the village, through the Deer Park of the old Lismacue demesne. The railway line from Limerick to Waterford also passes through, though the railway station which opened on 1 May 1852, was closed on 9 September 1963 as part of the rationalisation policy of the national railway company, Córas Iompair Éireann. Tipperary railway station, around 8 km. away, is now the nearest railway station. Bansha is served by Bus Éireann route 55.
History
The names Bansha and Kilmoyler do not appear ancient records but instead, this area was divided into different ecclesiastical administrations. The modern parish of Bansha & Kilmoyler comprises the whole of the two Civil Parishes of Templeneiry and Clonbullogue, and also parts of the four parishes of Killardry, Relickmurry & Athassel, Kilshane and Cordangan. The Papal Taxation records of 1291 record Templeneiry and Clonbullogue as Nachrich and Clonhalke, Archbishop O'Hedian (1437) names them as Naryt and Clonbolygg. Bansha village is thought to be an ancient settlement and its main geographical features and landed gentry of the surrounding area were vividly described by Samuel Lewis in his Topographical Dictionary of Ireland, published in 1837. Historically, it was a small compact village comprising two streets and two lanes - Main Street and Barrack Street with adjacent Banner's Lane (named after the Rev. Benjamin Holford Banner, the Church of Ireland rector of the Parish of Templeneiry) and Cooke's Lane which was a small enclave off Main Street, named after a member of the Cooke Family of Cordangan Manor, who lived here.
The Station Road from Bansha Bridge (over the River Ara) to Bansha railway station had strategic importance for about a century as it was the commercial artery connecting the village to both the station and the creamery which was the centre of activity each morning as trains arrived on one side of the road and busy creamery activity on the other side gave a vibrancy that has now been lost with the closure of both. The village expanded towards the end of the 20th century when the "Galtee View" residential area was developed in the Glebe close to the old Village Mill.
Further expansion took place in the early 21st century when "Master Horgan's Field" adjacent to the northern boundary of the old graveyard was developed as a modern residential quarter. In earlier decades, the site was owned by Mr Peter Horgan, a native of Kilmichael, County Cork, a place which won fame as the site of the famous ambush of the same name which took place there during the War of Independence, a fact of which the old master was very proud. Mr Horgan was the long-time Principal of Bansha Boys National School in succession to Masters Pat Leahy and David Dee and also managed his own public house in Barrack Street. He also grew his own sallies on the river bank within the confines of his riverside garden, now sadly no more. These sallies made an occasional appearance in class and were an effective deterrent to wayward pupils. Nonetheless, he was a much-loved character, reminiscent of Oliver Goldsmith's "Village Schoolmaster". The only buildings on the site prior to development were the village telephone exchange erected in the 1960s and the "Farmers Hall", a wooden building of fragile construction, which was erected in the mid 20th century by the young farmers association in the parish which was a precursor of Macra na Feirme. It was used for dancing, variety shows, "pongo" which was a form of modern-day bingo and on Sunday afternoons up to about 1962, as a rendezvous by locals who wished to tune into the commentary of major hurling and football matches relayed from Croke Park on Radio Éireann. The building endured until the 1960s when because of dilapidation, it was eventually closed, after which the Parochial Hall became the sole entertainment centre for the village and surrounding area.
Muintir na Tíre
Bansha came to national prominence when The V. Rev. John Canon Hayes, founder of Muintir na Tíre, was appointed parish priest of Bansha & Kilmoyler in 1946. Due largely to Canon Hayes's endeavours, a factory - Bansha Rural Industries - was started and enjoyed some success producing preservatives for the Irish home market. At that time also, Bansha was to the forefront in developing many Muintir na Tíre initiatives and for a time in the 1950s enjoyed the sobriquet of The Model Parish. While Bansha still relies mainly on an agricultural economy where dairying is the main preoccupation, many of its residents are employed in industry and commerce in neighbouring towns such as Tipperary, Cahir, and Clonmel, to where they commute on a daily basis. He was succeeded as chairman of Muintir na Tire by local man very Rev. Maurice Morrissey of Dromline.
Parliamentary tradition
For its relative size, Bansha village has a proud and unique parliamentary tradition as two of its natives have represented County Tipperary in different parliaments. John Cullinan, a member of the National League and a Gaelic Athletic Association activist in its earliest years, was a Nationalist Member of Parliament at Westminster from 1900 until he was defeated at the famous election of 1918 when Sinn Féin ousted the Irish Parliamentary Party in most constituencies.
Michael Ferris was a Teachta Dála in Dáil Éireann from 1989 until his death on parliamentary business in Lisbon on 20 March 2000 at the age of 69. Overall, he had over twenty years of service in the Oireachtas (parliament), having been elected to Seanad Éireann for the first time on 23 April 1975. He was a member of the Labour Party and a prominent spokesman on agricultural matters and social affairs. As a public representative, he was following in the footsteps of his grandfather, Patrick Ferris, who was a member of the Tipperary (SR) County Council in the early years of the 20th century.
Séamus Ryan, a native of Deerpark, in nearby Kilfeacle, was a member of the Irish Senate—Seanad Éireann— before his death in 1933. Mr. Ryan and his wife, Agnes Harding of Solohead opened their first retail shop in Parnell Street, Dublin in 1918, known as the Monument Creamery. They specialised in the sale of dairy products and quickly developed their business to include a chain of over thirty restaurants and shops in Dublin over the next four decades. After Mr. Ryan's death, his widow carried on and indeed expanded the business. Their daughter was the Hollywood actress, Kathleen Ryan who starred in many movies in the 1940s and 1950s and their son John was an artist and man of letters who wrote a famous memoir of bohemian Dublin in the 1950s— Remembering How we Stood.
Darby Ryan, poet and patriot
Diarmuid Ó Ríain (Darby Ryan) was born at Ashgrove, Bansha, in 1777 and was a poet and patriot, his most famous composition was undoubtedly The Peeler and the Goat, a ballad or satire which was popularly sung across Ireland and was taken worldwide by emigrants. Copies of his Tipperary Minstrelsy are to be found in The British Museum and at The Royal Irish Academy. Ryan died in 1855 and is buried in the old graveyard in Bansha where his grave is marked, unusually, by a carved stone cross depicting a rope and anchor, suggestive of a maritime connection of which there was none.
Sir William and Lady Butler
Lieutenant-General The Rt Hon. Sir William Francis Butler, GCB, PC (31 October 1838 – 7 June 1910), a soldier, a writer, and an adventurer, lived in retirement at Bansha Castle from 1905 until his death in 1910. Sir William was born a few miles distant at 'Suirville', Ballyslatteen. He took part in many colonial campaigns in Canada and India, but mainly in Africa, including the Ashanti wars and the Zulu War under General Sir Garnet Wolseley. He was made commander-in-chief of the British Army in South Africa in 1898, where he was also High Commissioner for a short period. His views on colonialism were often controversial as he was sympathetic to the natives in many of the outposts of the British Empire in which he served. His wife, the famous battle artist, Elizabeth Thompson (1846–1933), known as Lady Butler, continued to live at the castle until 1922 when she went to live at Gormanston Castle, County Meath, with their youngest daughter, Eileen, who became Viscountess Gormanston (1883–1964) in 1911 on her marriage to the 15th Viscount Gormanston (1878–1925), the Premier Viscount of Ireland. Lady Butler died in 1933 in her 87th year and is buried at Stamullen Graveyard in County Meath, just up the road from Gormanston. Among her many famous paintings is The Roll Call depicting a scene in the Crimean War. This painting was bought by Queen Victoria and forms part of the Royal Collection and is now in Buckingham Palace. Her daughter Eileen suffered a great loss during the Second World War when two of her three sons, William, 16th Lord Gormanston, and Stephen were killed in action at Dunkirk (1940) and Anzio (1944) respectively. Both boys, together with their brother Robert and sister Antoinette, spent many childhood days at Bansha Castle where they were once marooned during the Irish Civil War when Bansha and the surrounding area was the cockpit for fighting between the Free State forces and the local Republicans. Descendants of Sir William and Lady Elizabeth include their great-grandson, the 17th Viscount Gormanston, who lives in London.
McCarthy family of Springhouse
The MacCarthy Reagh family of Carbery in west Cork were aristocrats of the old Gaelic order, Princes of the medieval Barony of Carbery. Since early in the 15th century, they had their principal seat at Kilbrittain Castle, near Kinsale. Denis McCarthy Reagh, Chief of the McCarthy Reaghs settled at Springhouse, near Bansha in the late 17th century where he built a mansion and had an estate of , which in its day was considered to be the largest cultivated farm in Europe. Owing to the severity of the Penal Laws, his grandson, also named Denis went into exile in France where he died at Argenton, Berry in 1761. Justin McCarthy (1744–1811), son of the exiled Denis, realised his father's property and settled at Toulouse. He was an accomplished linguist and classical scholar. He cultivated the fine arts and possessed one of the finest libraries in France, rivalling the King's collection at Paris. Because of his illustrious Irish ancestry, he was ennobled by King Louis XVI as Count of Toulouse in 1776 and was admitted to the honours of the French Royal Court in Paris. He and his family resided in splendour at their palatial townhouse at 3, Rue Mage in the city of Toulouse.
The best known of the Count's children was the Abbe Nicholas Tuite MacCarthy, also known as the Abbe de Levignac after one of the Count's properties. He was a famous Jesuit preacher, who is buried in the cathedral of St. Peter in Annecy. On Count Justin's death, his extensive estate was dispersed and as part of the family settlements, the townhouse was sold to his youngest son, Justin who resided there until his death at the age of 77 in 1862. The residence which was all that remained of the family property was sold in 1873 to a well-known family of bankers - Courtois de Vicoze - in Toulouse and is still a famous banking hall. Soon afterwards, the last Count of Toulouse, Nicholas McCarthy Reagh son of Joseph Patrick MacCarthy (1779-1862) and grandson of the original Count Justin bade farewell to the city and so ended the family connection with the place which had lasted for about a century. The Count lived into the 20th century and died in 1906, and this ended the male line in France of the McCarthys of Springhouse after 132 years.
At home in Ireland, the McCarthy family were noted priest-protectors in penal times and Springhouse was considered a safe haven for priests on the run from persecution. A namesake, Donough McCarthy was consecrated Bishop of Cork & Cloyne on 16 Aug. 1713 in Villa Domus Fontis which was the Latinised equivalent of Springhouse. A family member, Edward McCarthy (1739-1823) was a member of the diocesan clergy of Cashel & Emly and served as Parish Priest of Ballinahinch and Killoscully.
Richard Lalor Sheil (1791–1851), Irish politician - Member of Parliament for County Tipperary, writer and orator, was the son of Edward Sheil of Bellevue, near Waterford and Catherine McCarthy of Springhouse. Another family member of a later generation was Catherine, daughter of Patrick McCarthy, farmer, of Ballygurteen, Kilmoyler, who survived the sinking of the in 1912. The Springhouse family still survives in Ireland, a family branch of recent memory lived at 'Coolavunga' (Cúil an Mhongáin), the medieval name for the townland of Barnlough, near Bansha, during the 20th century and members of that family still reside in nearby Tipperary Town and elsewhere in Ireland. In France, though the male line died out in 1906 with the death of the last Count, the bloodline has continued by virtue of Christine Marie, daughter of Count Justin of Toulouse. Christine married Augustine de Rey, the Marquis de St. Gery and their descendants still reside in the Chateau de St. Gery, a few kilometres from Toulouse.
The family's great mansion at Springhouse was dismantled in the early 19th century with only a trace remaining near the lakeshore in the grounds of Kilshane House which was built by the Lowe family who replaced them in the 1820s and who also had an estate in Kenmare, County Kerry. The old mansion of Spring House was replaced by another of the same name to which the McCarthys moved and this house was subsequently known as 'Arraghslea' which is still extant. The stones for the building of 'Arraghslea' came from the ruins of an old castle located at nearby Dromline. The placename of Springhouse or Spring House originated from a spring or well near a whitethorn tree close to the scullery at the rear of the mansion house and the townland assumed this name thereafter. The McCarthys of Springhouse also have their 'Banshee' (Clíodhna), the story of which is told by Thomas Crofton Croker in his Fairy Tales and Traditions of the South of Ireland published in 1825. In the old graveyard at Bansha village, the family vault is discreetly located inside the graveyard wall opposite Mr O'Heney's public house at the junction of the glen road leading to the Glen of Aherlow. A member of the 'Coolavunga' branch of the family - James McCarthy Reagh, wrote a poem entitled "The Haunted Village", which is sometimes recited on social occasions by the older people of the village.
Other notable people
Frank Baker (1889–1961), cricketer and Royal Navy officer.
Community and events
The Bansha Agricultural Show is held annually, augmented by a festival week in late August. For recreation, game shooting and fishing in the rivers Suir, Ara and Aherlow River are common. There are also a number of sporting clubs such as Bansha Golf Society, Bansha Celtic F.C. which promotes Association football (soccer) and the Galtee Rovers GAA - Hurling & Gaelic Football Club (affiliated to the GAA, 1885). Bansha has also long been associated with horse racing and breeding.
See also
List of towns and villages in Ireland
References
Martin Ryan (2003) - Sir William Francis Butler, a life 1838-1910
Eileen, Viscountess Gormanston (1953) - A Little Kept
Charles Chevenix Trench (1997) - Grace's Card, Irish Catholic Landlords 1690 - 1800.
Stephen Rynne (1960) - Father John Hayes, Muintir na Tíre, The People of the Land.
Evelyn Bolster (1989) - A History of the Diocese of Cork from the Penal Era to the Famine.
Rockwell College Annual (1935) p. 34-40 and (1937) p. 77-80
Thomas Crofton Croker (1825) - Fairy Tales and Traditions of the South of Ireland - The Banshee of the MacCarthys
Arthur Young (1780) - A tour in Ireland
David J. Butler (2006) - South Tipperary 1570–1841, Religion, Land and Rivalry
William Nolan & Thomas G. McGrath (1985) - Tipperary History & Society
Thomas Campbell (London) (1777) - A Philosophical Survey of the South of Ireland.
Renagh Holohan & Jeremy Williams (1989) - The Irish Chateau, In search of Descendants of the Wild Geese.
Denis G. Marnane (1985) - A History of West Tipperary from 1660 - Land and Violence
Senan Molony (2000) - The Irish aboard Titanic
Randal McDonnell (2002) - The Lost Houses of Ireland, A chronicle of great houses and the families who lived there.
Ernie Shepherd (2006) - The Waterford, Limerick & Western Railway
Maureen Wall (1989) - Catholic Ireland in the Eighteenth Century (collected essays) - Ed. Gerard O'Brien
External links
Galtee Rovers Gaa club
Bansha information website
The Parish of Bansha & Kilmoyler
Titanic Survivor - Bansha Lady's Escape - Cork Examiner Report
The MacCarthy Dynasties of Munster
Irish Pedigrees - MacCarthy Reagh of Springhouse & Counts of Toulouse, France - Library Ireland
Obituary of Lady Elizabeth Butler (1846-1933) - The Times, London
Houses of the Oireachtas - Parliamentary Debates 2000 - Tributes to Deputy Michael Ferris
Samuel Lewis' Topographical Dictionary of Ireland, 1837 - Dr. Jane Lyons, Dublin
Muintir na Tíre
MacCarthy dynasty
Towns and villages in County Tipperary
Clanwilliam, County Tipperary
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Mill Brook is a stream in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the southern Swift River, part of the Bearcamp River / Ossipee Lake / Saco River watershed leading to the Atlantic Ocean.
Mill Brook rises on the southern slopes of Mount Whiteface in the town of Sandwich and flows southeast into Tamworth. The brook reaches the Swift River just east of the village of Whittier.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Rivers of Carroll County, New Hampshire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill%20Brook%20%28Swift%20River%20tributary%29
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Trinity House National Lighthouse Centre was a museum in Penzance, Cornwall, UK which housed the national collection of Trinity House. It included significant amounts of lighthouse memorabilia which visitors could interact with, as well as a recreation of a light house keeper's bedroom. In February 2005 Trinity House announced the museum's closure and relocation of the collection to Plymouth. Trinity House confirmed that they would not be relocating the collection in 2009, and were in negotiations with National Maritime Museum Cornwall in Falmouth where some of the material was subsequently put on display.
History
The National Lighthouse Centre was a museum opened by Trinity House, an organisation with a history of building and maintaining lighthouses, in 1989. The museum building was converted from the Trinity House buoy store, part of the Penzance Depot, where buoys were stored and repaired. It featured an interactive experience of lighthouse keepers, as well has housing Trinity House's collection of lighthouse equipment. It also featured a recreation of a lighthouse keeper's bed room where visitors were able to touch the exhibits, a collection of optics, lighthouse keepers' uniforms and documentation The museum also traced the history of Trinity House, and featured a selection of buoys from the buoy store.
Between 1989 and the museum's closure in February 2005, the museum hosted approximately 10,000 visitors each year. Despite a campaign to keep it open, in 2005, Trinity House closed the site as they were contemplating opening a replacement museum at a busier site in Plymouth. Trinity House confirmed that they would not be moving the museum to Plymouth in 2009, and that the memorabilia would no longer be visible to the public, though they would possibly display some at the National Maritime Museum Cornwall in Falmouth.
References
Defunct museums in England
Grade II listed buildings in Cornwall
Museums in Cornwall
Buildings and structures in Penzance
Trinity House
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity%20House%20National%20Lighthouse%20Museum
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John Henderson Blackley (born 12 May 1948) is a Scottish football coach and former player.
Blackley made 279 appearances at centre-half for Hibernian and also represented Newcastle United, Preston North End and Hamilton Academical. He won seven Scottish international caps and represented his country in the 1974 FIFA World Cup, playing in the 2–0 win against Zaire.
Blackley began a managerial career with Hamilton in October 1981, while continuing his playing career. He left Hamilton in 1983 and became a player/coach at Hibs, his first senior club, and was then promoted to the manager's position at Easter Road in 1984. His final managerial role was at Cowdenbeath, which he left to become Gordon Wallace's assistant at Dundee.
Blackley has since worked at several clubs with Paul Sturrock, including St Johnstone, Dundee United, Plymouth Argyle twice, Sheffield Wednesday and Swindon Town. His brief has been to work specifically with the defenders, passing on the experience he accrued in his 17-year playing career. Blackley was part of a successful coaching trio alongside Paul Sturrock and Kevin Summerfield that saw them achieve four promotions in six seasons. Blackley and Summerfield left Plymouth in October 2009 after being advised their contracts, which were due to expire at the end of the 2009–10 season, were not going to be renewed.
In 2011, Blackley was assistant manager of Stirling Albion, working alongside Jocky Scott. He left the club in December 2011.
References
External links
1948 births
Living people
Footballers from Falkirk (council area)
Men's association football defenders
Scottish men's footballers
Scotland men's international footballers
1974 FIFA World Cup players
Hamilton Academical F.C. players
Hibernian F.C. players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Scottish football managers
Hamilton Academical F.C. managers
Hibernian F.C. managers
Cowdenbeath F.C. managers
Dundee F.C. managers
Plymouth Argyle F.C. non-playing staff
St Johnstone F.C. non-playing staff
Dundee F.C. non-playing staff
Scottish Football League representative players
Scottish Football League managers
Scotland men's under-23 international footballers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Blackley
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Much Hoole is a village and civil parish in the borough of South Ribble, Lancashire, England. The parish of Much Hoole had a population of 1,851 at the time of the 2001 census, increasing to 1,997 at the 2011 Census.
History
Hoole derives from the Old English hulu, a shed or hovel. It was recorded as Hull in 1204, Hole in 1212 and Hoole in 1508. Magna Hole was recorded in 1235, Much Hole in 1260 and Grett Wholle in 1551.
At Much Hoole there are the remains of a medieval settlement and moat adjacent to Town Lane.
Hoole gave its name to a family in the reign of King John and the parish has been held by the Montebegon family and by others, including those of Sir Thomas Hesketh and George Anthony Legh Keck.
Governance
The township was separated from Croston in 1642, and made into a parish in the Leyland hundred of Lancashire. It became part of the Preston Poor Law Union, formed in 1837, which took responsibility for the administration and funding of the Poor Law and built a workhouse in the area.
The parish was part of Preston Rural District throughout its existence from 1894 to 1974. In 1974 the parish became part of South Ribble.
Religion
A chapel is mentioned in a grant of about 1280 by Amery de Hoole but it is not known what happened to it. St Michael's Church was built of brick in 1628 and a stone tower was added when it was rebuilt in 1720. The church was funded by the Stone family who lived at Carr House. Jeremiah Horrocks, who predicted the transit of Venus in 1639, was a curate at St Michael's. He is commemorated in some of the church's windows.
Geography
Much Hoole lies eight miles south west of Preston on the A59 from Preston to Ormskirk and Liverpool. It covers of flat low-lying land. The soil is loam, peat moss and marsh. The River Douglas, which leads to the Ribble Estuary, forms Much Hoole's western boundary. Carr Brook forms its southern boundary. The highest land reaches above sea level in the east along the boundary with Leyland. The Preston to Southport line (closed in 1964), built by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, crosses the north-west corner of the township.
Population
Transport
The A59 (Liverpool Road) runs through part of Much Hoole but mainly by-passes the village to the west. The village has regular bus services linking it with Preston, Southport and other local villages. Main roads in the village include the former main road, Liverpool Old Road, which passes through the centre of the village and Town Lane, which merges into Smithy Lane.
Much Hoole and Little Hoole were served by Hoole railway station on the West Lancashire Railway until the line closed in 1964.
In December 2005, plans for a 'microlight farm airstrip' between Bretherton and Much Hoole were rejected by Chorley and South Ribble councillors due to the fear of sound pollution and damage to the surrounding environment.
Facilities
There are two public houses, the Smithy Inn and the Fox Cub. The Rose and Crown, once owned by Albert Pierrepoint the Chief Executioner and the Black Horse pub have been converted to restaurants.
The village primary school is Hoole St. Michael's. The village has a village hall, a park, tennis courts, and a bowling green. In 2006 the Little Chef was converted into an ice cream parlour and tapas bar. Nearby property has been redeveloped into a small shopping and business park. There are new housing developments in the village.
Gallery
See also
Listed buildings in Much Hoole
References
Bibliography
External links
Much Hoole Parish Council
Community website for Much Hoole, Little Hoole and Walmer Bridge
Photo Much Hoole Church from transitofvenus.org
Hoole Village Survey
Villages in Lancashire
Geography of South Ribble
Civil parishes in Lancashire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Much%20Hoole
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Jason Morrison is a conservative Australian talk radio presenter and newspaper columnist.
History
Morrison was born in 1971 and raised in Hornsby, a suburb of Sydney's North. He went to St. Leo's College at Wahroonga and is Catholic.
He trained at 2GB in a journalism cadetship programme in 1990 and later qualified at the Australian Film Television and Radio School.
Morrison has spoken of working for Dick Smith Electronics as a salesman while working in radio to boost his income.
He studied Electrical Engineering and Law at University but did not complete the degree.
Career
2GB
Morrison's media career started with 2GB in 1989 at the age of 17 as a newsroom cadet and he has subsequently covered news and current affairs in all parts of the country and around the world. In 1998, Morrison was appointed Director of News at 2GB and remains the youngest person to have ever held that position.
Between 2008 and 2010, Morrison presented the Drivetime afternoon shift where he consistently held second-place in the market but never broke to number one. He was the regular alternate for Alan Jones for several years and during an extended stint in Jones' breakfast shift actually out-rated him. Morrison told the Sydney Morning Herald at the time "it was luck and anyone who thinks otherwise is kidding themselves". Jones later remarked "I'm not surprised, Jason is hugely talented and one day I won't be here so it's in good hands".
In December 2010, Morrison announced that he would be leaving his position at 2GB as host of Drive and move to rival 2UE. It was speculated that he had a falling out with fellow presenter Ray Hadley which Morrison denied, "Ray is just being competitive about me leaving. What do you expect him to say, tune in and listen to him. We actually got on fine".
2UE
After three years at 2UE, Jason's contract was terminated at the end of 2013, after allegedly being told his conservative views and style did not fit with the future ideological direction of the Fairfax Media owned radio station. The decision was considered a shock and prompted wide discussion in the media, including by direct rival Ben Fordham who said "2UE has rocks in their heads for getting rid of Morrison". Fordham immediately offered Morrison a segment on his show which he accepted.
It was reported Morrison was sanctioned for criticising the board of Fairfax for refusing to allow Gina Rinehart to take up a board position, even though she was the largest single shareholder. The remarks reportedly resulted in legal action against Morrison which was later dropped.
It was reported Morrison fell out with 2UE management after siding with controversial presenter Michael Smith who left the station after being prevented from broadcasting allegations about Julia Gillard's associations with the Australian Workers Union.
Television
Morrison was chief of staff at the Sydney newsroom of Network Ten for five years from 2000. He was promoted to Editor but left a year later to return to radio.
He regularly appears in short opinion slots of various national morning television shows including Sunrise. He is a regular panelist on Paul Murray Live on Sky News Live.
In October 2015, Morrison was appointed as news director of Seven News Sydney replacing Chris Willis. He left the position in June 2023, handing the role over to Neil Warren.
Other
In 2014, Morrison began working as an advisor to Australia's richest person Gina Rinehart. Morrison also attempted to gain pre-selection to run as a Liberal Party candidate for the safe seat of Ku-ring-gai ahead of the 2015 NSW state election, but was unsuccessful.
Controversy
Wins long running defamation case
In 2005 while broadcasting on 2GB, Morrison described Sydney Islamic activist Keysar Trad as a "gutless and a disgraceful and dangerous individual who incited racism and violence". Trad sued Morrison for defamation. Morrison and 2GB stood by the remarks. Morrison further described Trad as "typical of people who run around smearing others and the moment they are criticised, run to the courts".
The case was won by Morrison and 2GB and described in the media as Australia's longest running defamation case after it went to the NSW Supreme Court, the NSW Court of Appeal, and the High Court of Australia.
Trad was ordered to pay more than $500,000 in costs.
Al Jazeera
In 2015, Morrison made international news when he told a leading British Islamic scholar he was "unfit for civilised society. You are uncivilised" during a televised debate on Al Jazeera.
The exchange took place during a debate about freedom of the press following the terrorist attack on Charlie Hebdo magazine. Morrison argued that people who thought the publishers had brought the attack on themselves:
"So, please, spare me the justification garbarge for these terrorists being upset and just responding to provocation. If you think they were even slightly justified for killing people who drew some pictures, then I'm afraid you are over in their column."
Awards
In 2007, Morrison received the Brian White Memorial award recognising sustained journalistic achievement. In 2009 he again received the same award, the only time it has been awarded to the same person twice.
Personal life
Morrison is married and lives in Carlingford. He has three children.
He joined the staff of the Sydney Daily Telegraph in December 2013 as a columnist. Morrison is a contributor to New Zealand radio station Radio Live.
He is a founding director of the medical charity Biaggio Signorelli Foundation.
He holds an amateur radio licence and has built the studios of two community radio stations as a hobby.
References
External links
Jason Morrison's Twitter feed
1971 births
Living people
Australian Film Television and Radio School alumni
Former 2GB presenters
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Morrison%20%28radio%20broadcaster%29
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Missing in Action 2: The Beginning is a 1985 American action adventure film, and a prequel to Missing in Action, both of which star Chuck Norris. It was directed by Lance Hool, and written by Steve Bing, Larry Levinson and Arthur Silver. It is the second installment in the Missing in Action film series.
Missing in Action 2: The Beginning was filmed back to back with the original Missing in Action and was originally intended to be the first film of the two. But according to Joseph Zito, director of what was to become Missing in Action, it was decided that the sequel was a much better film and would be a more successful first film. Consequently, Cannon just switched titles and release dates so that the planned sequel was released first, and the planned first film was released as a prequel. It was followed by another sequel, Braddock: Missing in Action III, featuring the same character, but with a stand-alone screenplay.
Plot
Ten years before freeing the US POWs from a brutal general, Colonel James Braddock (Chuck Norris) was held in a North Vietnamese POW camp run by sadistic Colonel Yin (Soon-Teck Oh), who forces the POWs to grow opium for a French drug runner named François (Pierre Issot), and tries to get Braddock to admit to and sign a long list of war crimes. One of his fellow soldiers Captain David Nester (Steven Williams) has been convinced (likely by Yin) that their country has abandoned them and has become one of Yin's henchmen for which his fellow soldiers denounce him as a traitor. During his team's time in captivity, they are relentlessly subjected to various forms of humiliating torture, such as Sergeant Opelka having an unloaded pistol fired into his head, Yin forcing Braddock and Nester to have a fist fight and Braddock being hung by his feet and having a bag with a rat inside it placed over his head and Braddock being told that his wife has left him and remarried.
Franklin, another US POW, starts to suffer from malaria, and Braddock exchanges an admission of guilt to Yin's charges of war crimes for medicine for the infected soldier. Yin breaks his deal with Braddock, and gives the soldier a lethal dose of opium and later cremates him in front of Braddock. Enraged, Braddock escapes from the camp, plots to free his fellow prisoners and destroy the prison camp. Yin then betrays François, taking his helicopter to search for Braddock and also takes control of his drug ring.
Braddock inflicts several losses against Yin's men, leading to Yin's second-in-command to dress a Vietnamese soldier as Colonel Yin, shoot him and take another POW named Anthony Mazilli hostage in an attempt to lure Braddock into the open. Braddock notices that the decoy is not wearing Yin's boots, and proceeds to kill Yin's men while Nester sacrifices himself in a gunfire to allow Mazilli to escape. Eventually, Braddock fights Yin hand to hand in Yin's quarters. Subduing Yin, Braddock escorts the prisoners to an awaiting helicopter although not before igniting explosive charges planted around Yin's quarters.
Cast
Chuck Norris as Colonel James Braddock
Soon-Tek Oh as Colonel Yin
Steven Williams as Captain David Nester
Bennett Ohta as Captain Ho
Cosie Costa as Lieutenant Anthony Mazilli
Joe Michael Terry as Corporal Lawrence Opelka
Christopher Cary as Emerson
John Wesley as Master Sergeant Ernest Franklin
David Chung as Dou Chou
Professor Toru Tanaka as Lao
Dean Raphael Ferrandini as Harry Kirtle
Pierre Issot as Francois
Mischa Hausserman as Kelly
Randon Lo as Hooker #1
Michiyo Tanaka as Hooker #2
Andrea Lowe as Hooker #3
Nan Martin as Hooker #4
Sergio Kato as Stunt Double
Production
Development
Norris was approached to make the film by Lance Hool, who had a script about American POWs in Vietnam. Norris was enthusiastic because he wanted to pay tribute to his brother Wieland. Vietnam films were not popular at the time, and Norris and Hool received numerous rejections.
Hool and Norris took the project to Cannon Films, who liked the project. They already had a script in development about the rescue of American POWS in Vietnam, and signed Norris to make both movies. The first, Missing in Action, would be about Braddock's rescue of POWS. The second, Missing in Action 2, would be a prequel about Braddock's years as a POW. The two films were shot back to back. Joseph Zito directed the first, and Hool the second.
Filming
Filming was to have started in Saint Kitts in January 1984, but the films ended up being shot in the Philippines.
Norris had to shoot a scene in which his character was being tortured by having his head stuck in a sack with a provoked rat: "It was during my young and foolish stage, so when it turned out there was no fake rat, I said, 'Kill a real one'. They hung me upside down, put the sack over my head, I got the rat in my mouth and there's fake blood coming down the rope into my mouth. All I can taste is mountain rat and I'm thinking, 'I'm gonna get the bubonic plague'".
Reception
Box office
The film opened at #3, grossing $3,868,515 in the opening weekend. It was released in 1,336 theaters for a $2,895 average. The opening week takings accounted for 36% of its total gross. The total US market revenue is $10,755,447.
Critical response
Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that "the new film, like its predecessor, is primitive but shrewd". Variety said: "This prequel to last winter's box-office burst from Cannon is neither as well produced as the original Missing in Action nor does it have the muscle to do the same kind of business". Michael Wilmington of the Los Angeles Times wrote: "The whole movie is suffused with that curious blend of viciousness and sentimentality that often marks American adventure movies (even the great ones). What's missing is any sense of responsibility: toward history, toward Vietnam's actual combatants or even to the movie's fictional characters. They all simply become cheap fodder in a cheap revenge saga, a fantasy whose sole obsession is to 'win', and rub the enemy's nose in the blood and gore of that victory". Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert included it in a special 1985 episode of their TV show where the critics covered four sequels that they both disliked; however, Ebert gave the film tepid praise by stating it was better than the other 3 films they covered (including the 2nd Police Academy and 3rd Porky's films), and Siskel saying that the film wasn't that good but made him feel sad and thoughtful because it came across as an attempt to provide a fictional victory in the Vietnam War, "the war America lost in real life".
See also
List of American films of 1985
Chuck Norris filmography
Notes
References
External links
1985 films
1980s action adventure films
1980s action war films
American action adventure films
American action war films
Films scored by Brian May (composer)
Films set in 1972
Films set in 1982
Films shot in the Philippines
Prequel films
Golan-Globus films
Vietnam War films
Vietnam War prisoner of war films
War adventure films
Films directed by Lance Hool
Films produced by Menahem Golan
Films about opium
Films produced by Yoram Globus
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
American prequel films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missing%20in%20Action%202%3A%20The%20Beginning
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Sigmund Ruud (30 December 1907 – 7 April 1994) was a Norwegian ski jumper. Together with his brothers Birger and Asbjørn, he dominated ski jumping in the 1920s and 1930s.
Career
At the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Sigmund earned a silver medal. At the 1929 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, he won the ski jumping competition while earning a bronze at the 1930 event. Sigmund also competed in the ski jumping competition at the Holmenkollen ski festival, which first began in 1933. He also competed at the 1932 Winter Olympics in the ski jumping event, but finished seventh due to appendicitis. Additionally, Sigmund wanted to compete in the first alpine skiing events at the 1936 Winter Olympics, though he did not start.
For his contributions in ski jumping, Sigmund earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1949, the last of the three Ruud brothers to do so. Sigmund was the only one of the three not to win the Holmenkollen ski jumping competition. Sigmund Ruud and fellow Norwegian ski jumper Jacob Tullin Thams are considered co-creators of the Kongsberger technique after World War I, a ski jumping technique that was the standard until it was superseded by the Daescher technique in the 1950s. Ruud also served as chairman of the FIS Ski Jumping Committee in 1946–1955 and 1959–1967. He owned and ran a sport shop in Oslo.
On 24 February 1931 he set his first official world record at 264 ft (80.5 metres). Later he set two more official world records at 84 m (276 ft) and 86 m (282 ft).
Ruud appeared in two films: The White Stadium (1928, as himself) and The Woman in the Advocate's Gown (1929).
Ski jumping world records
Not recognized! He stood and tied Lymburne's WR distance, but hors concours, outside of competition.
Not recognized! Ground touch at world record distance.
References
External links
Holmenkollen medalists – click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file
Swiss Olympic Committee St. Moritz 1928, 1928. (digitized version)
Swiss Olympic Committee Résultats DES concours DES IImes jeux Olympiques d'Hiver, 1928. (digitized version)
Organizing Committee III Olympic Winter Games Lake Placid 1932, 1932 (digitized version)
Organizing Committee, IV. Olympische Winterspiele 1936 Amtlicher Bericht, Reichssportverlag Berlin SW 68, 1936 (digitized version)
1907 births
1994 deaths
Norwegian male ski jumpers
Norwegian male alpine skiers
Olympic ski jumpers for Norway
Ski jumpers at the 1928 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 1932 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Norway
Holmenkollen medalists
Olympic medalists in ski jumping
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in ski jumping
Medalists at the 1928 Winter Olympics
Kongsberg IF ski jumpers
Sportspeople from Kongsberg
Skiers from Viken (county)
20th-century Norwegian people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund%20Ruud
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Chabab Riadhi de Belouizdad (); known as CR Belouizdad or simply CRB for short, is an Algerian association football club based in Algiers, Algeria, that plays in the Ligue Professionnelle 1, the top flight of Algerian football. The club has competed in the top division for a record 55 seasons (playing just one season in the second tier in 1988–1989).
CRB was founded on 15 July 1962, ten days after the independence of Algeria, as Chabab Riadhi de Belcourt, by the merger of two clubs from the same district, the Widad Riadhi de Belcourt and the Club Athéltique de Belcourt, and has played at its current home ground, 20 August 1955 Stadium, ever since.
CRB has traditionally worn a white home kit with the red trademark "V" on the front since inception.
CRB has produced several notable players and established itself as a major force in both Algerian and Maghrebin football during the 1960s and 1970s, winning 10 major trophies in 8 seasons.
The Grand Chabab is one of the most successful clubs in Algeria, having won the domestic league title eight times, the Algerian Cup eight times, one Algerian League Cup, two Algerian Super Cups and the Maghreb Champions Cup a record three times but unfortunately no african title.
In 2010, the White and Reds obtained professional status following a reform of the league to professionalize the Algerian football. They won their first title of champion of Algeria at the end of the 1964–1965 season, three years after their creation.
Madar Holding Group is, since 15 October 2018, the majority shareholder of the share capital of the sports company by shares CRB "Athletic", after acquiring 67% of the 75% of the shares held by the amateur sports Club (CSA), chaired by Karim Chettouf. The board of directors is, since 22 September 2021, chaired by Mohamed Belhadj, replacing Mohamed Abrouk (who held this post after Charaf-Eddine Amara was elected President of the Algerian Football Federation on 16 April 2021), and will have a purely administrative mission, since it was agreed that everything related to the sport component will be managed by the new director general, Hocine Yahi, who agreed to hold this position on 30 March 2021, replacing Toufik Korichi. The first team is managed by Marcos Paquetá since 23 September 2021, replacing Zoran Manojlović.
The club is still and has long been one of the most popular football teams in Algeria, and has local rivalries with neighbors MC Algiers, NA Hussein Dey and USM Algiers. star
History
The club was founded in 1962 (following the independence of Algeria). It was born out of a merger of two former clubs from the same district; 'Widad Riadhi Belcourt' (former club of the rue de Lyon) and the 'Athletic Club de Belcourt' . These two former clubs were known for playing football competitions in the French colonial era, and both were affiliated to the 'FFFA' (French Football Federation) and the 'FLOT' '(Algiers Ligue de Football Association).
1963–1972: The great Chabab
CRB is a club that has done well in Algerian football from the beginning of its creation, particularly during the period between 1963 and 1972. This period saw Chabab break records so far unparalleled, beginning with winning 10 titles during 8 seasons. Players wore the famous red and white colours which were worn by the best players in Algeria or Africa and also constituted the pillars of the national team of Algeria. Among the players we cite as examples are Lalmas (who was chosen as the best Algerian player of all time after a survey conducted by the Echibek sports weekly in 1993 including votes from more than 350 technical people from Algerian coaches to players), Kalem, Achour, Selmi and not to mention all the others.
With Mr Boukida Djeloul as chairman, and under the leadership of Yahia Saâdi as coach, the goal of the first season in the championship (1962–63) was the adaptation of the team and group cohesion. In this season, the CRB was in the group of Bologhine and Bousmail and was content to win a place allowing it to participate in the centre of the championship.
Second period
This period for CRB had the attention and admiration of all belcourtois and the inhabitants of the surrounding neighbourhoods, to the point where everyone participated in the club to raise funds. This especially involved the big traders of the time; Boukida gentlemen, Bouhelal and Khemissa among others and whose contribution was considered wide and generous, in order to offer the club a means for its policy.
Third Period
After collecting the necessary funds, club leaders began the recruitment process. Targeted recruitment and quality resulting in the arrival of experienced and promising players such as (Zitouni, Paris Club), (Madani and Djemaâ USM Alger), (Zerar Hamam El-Enf, Tunisia), (Nassou and Amar Ain Beniane), (Koussim ES Setif), (Achour and Lalmas OM Ruisseau) and (Kalem IR Hussein-Dey). It is important to acknowledge the way and the work of the leaders of that time: the men in the noblest sense of the term and which were animated only by the love of the club and who sacrificed themselves for it so that it becomes not only a great club, but the biggest club Algeria.
At first, the results of the team were just average, with defeats against MC Oran (3–2), Batna (1–0), Constantine (1–0), Sidon (2–1) and MCA (2–1). The following season, in 1965–1966, CRB woke up and crushed everyone in its path. They made a spectacular comeback, moving from last place to first, after a good series of 9 consecutive victories starting with a victory against ASM Oran (0–1) during the 14th day and overwhelming wins (8–1), (8–0) and (4–1) respectively against MO Constantine on 20 August (halftime 0–1 for Constantine), Annaba and ES Mostaganem.
1965–1966: The phenomenal season CRB
Lined with Prime Algeria, Chabab collected victories this season (16 wins) with big scores (0–4) in Blida and Oran to the MCO and 5–2 before the NAHD with a percussive attack that also called the Machine Gun Attack and had, to their credit, 63 goals this season: (Lalmas 18 goals, Chanane 14, Kalem 13 and Achour 8), making 53 goals amongst themselves. The CRB also won their first cup of Algeria against RC Kouba (final score 3–1).
The 1966–1967 season was just average for Chabab and the 67–68 season was not any better than the last, despite the recruitment of Selmi Djilali. This small decline was due to unfortunate circumstances as 9 Chabab players participated with the national team who took part in the CAN 1968 tournament in Ethiopia. This saw the return of a team completely decimated and tired after a very long journey but also many injured players for CRB. Mistakes followed against ES Guelma in a late championship match. In two seasons CRB had nothing to put in their trophy cabinet.
Following the appointment of Ahmed Aaran as player-coach, Chabab started regaining form and began to win. In 1968–1969 season they obtained big key wins against NAHD (7–1 and 5–2).
1969–1970: The Triple
The CRB made their first hat-trick in the history of Algerian football and obtained their fourth championship. This was largely in range because it was the best season for CRB who had lost only one match; against MC Oran Oran (3–1) so the championship was won in rather special circumstances. Victories followed in the Algerian Cup final against USM Alger (4–1) and in the Maghreb Club Champions Cup against Sfax (Tunisia). Chabab had passed on entering the African Cup of Champions Clubs after threats of reprisal from Senegalese team Joan of Arc against the CRB following a memorable victory in the first leg at Chabab (5–3) in the Stade El-Annasser.
1970–1971
After four games in the championship with a draw and a win against MC Alger and a defeat against MC Oran and Algerian Cup defeat against CS Constantine on penalties (this ended 48–47 and is the official record Algeria, another one!), the CRB had to win the North African Cup to save their season. This resulted in a win against Tunisia (EST) 3–2 after a great final after crushing and Morocco's FAR in the previous round with a stinging 3–0.
This masterful victory was reported in the famous French sports newspaper the Team and the paper devoted a large space in one of their editions to Chabab Riadhi Belcourt.
1971–1972
It was the beginning of the end of a cycle, and after having started the championship with three great victories against WA Tlemcen (7–0) and JSM Tiaret (8–3) and USM Bel-Abbès (4–1) the team had no more breath and let go, at least on the national scene, as it was still successful in the Cup with a 3rd consecutive win for the Maghreb.
Renewal
The Shabab failed to win titles between 1978 and 1995 despite the good results that made that the team after all the earlier years, ranking each time 2nd, 3rd or 4th until 1988 where the Chabab experienced the worst season in its history characterized by relegation to D2 and an Algerian Cup final loss against USMA on penalties. This was despite the rich who provided a workforce for CRB, and this team was regarded as the best championship team on paper with the Yahi, Amani, Badache, Laamouri, Khoudja, Kabrane, Abdesamia, Kouhil, Demdoum, etc. On the ground though, things were otherwise. However, the ordeal lasted only a single season, as the club returned to the D1 the following year, in 1989.
But the event of relegation did not go without leaving deep scars in the heart of the CRB because Chabab flost its fame to occupy a role in successive championships, even avoiding relegation repeatedly until 1994. In fact, during this year, the Shabab, led by Mourad Abdelouahab was classed as 4th in the championship with the main aim of qualification for the Arabic Cup in Saudi Arabia. It was therefore the following year (1995) that the CRB took part in this competition, where they recorded a respectable run to the semi-final where they were defeated against Espérance de Tunis 0–1.
In 1995, the CRB won the Algerian Cup for the fifth time in its history against the O Medea 2–1.
This was indeed the beginning of another golden age, with a new generation of young and talented players, who despite the change of office (departure and arrival of Lefkir Selmi) and staff by the return of Mourad replacing Abdelouahab of Bacha-Adjaout, a new team, described as an "Algerian dream-team", was born with Bekhti, Badji, Settara, Talis, Bounekdja, Selmi Yacine Chedba Ali Moussa, Boutaleb and others. This developed beautiful football for the CRB and every season new players were brought to the club to complete the tactical approach of the coach and achieve the objectives set by management. It is in this context that players like Mezouar and Boukessassa came to the club.
Players arrived during the 1999–2000 season, which saw Chabab win the title of Champion of Algeria for the 5th time in its history. This also included a victory in the league cup on 19 March 2000, against MC Oran (3–0).
The following season, and its momentum, Chabab not only confirms but does better with a title 2 row from 2000 to 2001 by capping JSK and USMA 7 days of the end of the championship. For the record, the Shabab had won 10 consecutive games with Nour Benzekri happened in the middle of the season.
The dark years
After this season, a real descent into hell began for Chabab starting a free fall due to the unreasonable policy of its new direction. Despite this and a real burst of pride, the CRB still managed to reach the finals of the 2003 Algerian Cup Final. This resulted in a loss due to a scandalous bias in favour of USM Alger by the referee of the meeting (Berber). To illustrate the lawlessness with which the club was run, 17 players from champions Algeria were released in 18 months: a true work of destruction. Given all this, everyone knew that Chabab went straight to ruin. Thus Chabab had their 2 most catastrophic seasons (after 1988), when the club narrowly escaped relegation to D2 twice; in (2003–2004 and 2004–2005). The 2005–2006 season was an average season, despite the backing of no less than 16 players.
2020–present: Consecutive Championships
CR Belouizdad were declared champions of the unfinished 2019–20 season which was halted in March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria. Later on, CR Belouizdad managed to win the following 2020–21 and 2021–22 seasons. In the CAF Champions League, CR Belouizdad reached the quarter-finals in both 2020–21 and 2021–22 editions.
Club identity
Colours
Since the establishment of the club, its colours are the white and the red.
Crest
Historical evolution of the club's crest.
Honours
Domestic competitions
Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1
Winners (10): 1964–65, 1965–66, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23
Runners-up (4): 1966–67, 1971–72, 1976–77, 1979–80
Algerian Cup
Winners (8) – shared record: 1965–66, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1977–78, 1994–95, 2008–09, 2016–17, 2018–19
Runners-up (4): 1987–88, 2002–03, 2011–12, 2022-23
Algerian League Cup
Winners (1): 1999–2000
Algerian Super Cup
Winners (2): 1995, 2019
Regional competitions
Maghreb Champions Cup
Winners (3): 1970, 1971, 1972
Runners-up: 1973
Performance in CAF competitions
CR Belouizdad whose team has regularly taken part in Confederation of African Football (CAF) competitions. Qualification for Algerian clubs is determined by a team's performance in its domestic league and cup competitions, CR Belouizdad have regularly qualified for the primary African competition, the African Cup, by winning the Ligue Professionnelle 1. CR Belouizdad have also achieved African qualification via the Algerian Cup and have played in the former African Cup Winners' Cup. the first match was against ASC Jeanne d'Arc and ended in victory for CR Belouizdad 5–3 but in the second leg, CR Belouizdad did not move to Senegal for unknown reasons. As for the biggest win result was in 1996 against Horoya AC 5–2, and biggest loss was in 2001 against ASEC Mimosas 7–0, The best participation was in 1996 in the African Cup Winners' Cup, when the team reached the semi-finals and was eliminated against AC Sodigraf.
Players
Algerian teams are limited to three foreign players. The squad list includes only the principal nationality of each player;
Current squad
.
Reserve Squad
Out on loan
Personnel
Current technical staff
Former personnel
Club presidents
Notable players
Below are the notable former players who have represented CR Belouizdad in league and international competition since the club's foundation in 1962. To appear in the section below, a player must have played in at least 100 official matches for the club or represented the national team for which the player is eligible during his stint with CR Belouizdad or following his departure.
For a complete list of CR Belouizdad players, see :Category:CR Belouizdad players
Algeria
Mohamed Abrouk
Ishak Ali Moussa
Fayçal Badji
Hocine Benmiloudi
Nassim Bounekdja
Mustapha Dahleb
Bouazza Feham
Samir Hadjaoui
Salem Harcheche
Mokhtar Khalem
Mustapha Kouici
Abdelkader Laïfaoui
Algeria
Hacène Lalmas
Kheïreddine Madoui
Abdelkrim Mameri
Djamel Menad
Brahim Arafat Mezouar
Noureddine Neggazi
Mohamed Ousserir
Djilali Selmi
Islam Slimani
Mohamed Talis
Djamel Tlemçani
Hocine Yahi
Africa
Bruno Hameni Njeukam
Alain Nebié
Mouhoubé Alex Somian
Jean Louis Pascal Angan
Mohamed Aoudou Golanne
Gilles Ngomo Michée
François Obélé
Sherrif Deen
Onome Sympson Sodje
Bogy
Soumaila Sidibe
Mohamed Thiam
Boubacar Soumana Hainikoye
Europe
Miloš Galin
Managers list
Yahia Saadi (? – ?)
Ahmed Zitoun (1 July 1964 – 30 June 1966)
Ahmed Arab (1 July 1967 – 30 June 1969)
Hacène Lalmas (1 July 1969 – 30 June 1970)
Ali Benfadah (1 July 1973 – 30 June 1974)
Dušan Uhrin (1 July 1977 – 30 June 1978)
Ahmed Arab (1 July 1977 – 30 June 1978)
???
Abdelhamid Bacha (? – ?)
Mustapha Heddane (? – ?)
Chérif Adjaout (? – ?)
Mourad Abdelouahab (? – ?)
Nour Benzekri (? – ?)
Kamel Mouassa (1 July 2002 – 28 January 2003)
Abdelhamid Bacha (29 January 2003 – 3 September 2003)
Noureddine Neggazi (interim) (4 September 2003 – 18 September 2003)
Abdelkader Soltani (19 September 2003 – 10 February 2004)
Noureddine Neggazi (interim) (11 February 2004 – 3 March 2004)
Milisav Bogdanovic (4 March 2004 – 9 March 2004)
Noureddine Neggazi (interim) (10 March 2004 – 18 May 2004)
Djamel Amani (interim) (19 May 2004 – 30 June 2004)
Mourad Abdelouahab (1 July 2004 – 23 October 2004)
Djamel Amani (interim) (23 February 2005 – 3 March 2005)
Azzedine Aït Djoudi (4 March 2005 – 31 May 2005)
Abdelhak Benchikha (1 June 2005 – 30 June 2006)
???
Mohamed Henkouche (1 July 2008 – 3 October 2009)
Karim Bouhila (interim) (4 October 2009 – 24 December 2009)
Mohamed Henkouche (25 December 2009 – 30 June 2010)
Miguel Angel Gamondi (4 July 2010 – 30 June 2011)
Giovanni Solinas (1 July 2011 – 22 November 2011)
Djamel Menad (23 November 2011 – 30 June 2012)
Guglielmo Arena (1 July 2012 – 23 October 2012)
Fouad Bouali (3 November 2012 – 15 June 2013)
Miguel Angel Gamondi (20 June 2013 – 1 January 2014)
Abdelkader Yaïche (6 January 2014 – 23 February 2014)
Mohamed Henkouche (24 February 2014 – 30 June 2014)
Victor Zvunka (1 July 2014 – 20 October 2014)
Alain Michel (29 October 2014 – 30 June 2016)
Fouad Bouali (1 July 2016 – 29 August 2016)
Alain Michel (19 September 2016 – 24 October 2016)
Ezzaki Badou (13 November 2016 – 7 July 2017)
Ivica Todorov (21 July 2017 – 25 December 2017)
Rachid Taoussi (28 December 2017 – 30 May 2018)
Tahar Chérif El-Ouazzani (26 July 2018 – 7 October 2018)
Lotfi Amrouche (interim) (8 October 2018 – 2 December 2018)
Abdelkader Amrani (3 December 2018 – 28 December 2019)
Franck Dumas (13 January 2020 – 30 March 2021)
Zoran Manojlović (20 April 2021 – 31 August 2021)
Marcos Paquetá (23 September 2021 –26 June 2022)
Nabil Kouki (4 July 2022 –15 July 2023)
Sven Vandenbroeck (19 July 2023 –8 October 2023)
Marcos Paquetá (15 October 2023 –)
References
External links
Football clubs in Algeria
Association football clubs established in 1962
Football clubs in Algiers
Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 clubs
1962 establishments in Algeria
Sports clubs and teams in Algeria
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CR%20Belouizdad
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Luke Swain, (born 24 February 1982 in Penrith, New South Wales) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. He played for the Salford City Reds of Super League. He previously played in the NRL for the Penrith Panthers and Gold Coast Titans, as a .
He joined French club AS Carcassonne for the 2010/11 season.
Swain played from the interchange bench in the Panthers' 2003 NRL grand final-winning team in their 18–6 win over the Sydney Roosters. As 2003 NRL premiers, the Panthers travelled to England to face Super League VIII champions, the Bradford Bulls in the 2004 World Club Challenge. Swain played from the interchange bench in the Penrith's 22-4 loss.
Career highlights
First grade debut: Penrith Panthers v Canberra Raiders, 5 April 2003, Round 4 at Penrith Football Stadium.
Premierships: 2003, Penrith Panthers defeated Sydney Roosters, 18–6.
Managerial career
Swain is the current manager of Sydney Shield side The St Mary's Saints. In The 2017 Sydney Shield season, Swain guided St Mary's to their first ever Sydney Shield premiership with a 34-20 victory over Mounties
References
External links
Gold Coast Titans profile
1982 births
Living people
AS Carcassonne players
Australian rugby league players
Gold Coast Titans players
Penrith Panthers players
Rugby league locks
Rugby league players from Penrith, New South Wales
Rugby league second-rows
Salford Red Devils players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke%20Swain
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Danai Udomchoke (, born 11 August 1981) is a former professional tennis player from Thailand. He was born in Bangkok, where he still resides.
Udomchoke turned professional in 1997, and was coached by Jan Stoce. He is sponsored by Dunlop Sport for his racquets and apparel. His career-best ranking was World No. 77 on 29 January 2007.
Grand Slams
Udomchoke made his debut in the main draw of a Grand Slam in 2004 when he qualified for the US Open. He lost to Spaniard Tommy Robredo in straight sets. One of Udomchoke's highest profile matches was his 2006 Australian Open 1st round match against No. 3 seed David Nalbandian. After starting out slowly, Udomchoke shocked Nalbandian by winning the third and fourth sets. However, his energy soon wore down, and despite pushing the World No. 3 to five sets, Udomchoke lost 2–6, 2–6, 6–1, 7–6, 1–6. In the 2007 Australian Open, Udomchoke advanced to the third round, losing to 14th-seeded Novak Djokovic after defeating 24th-seeded Juan Carlos Ferrero. Udomchoke qualified for Wimbledon in 2007 and was defeated in the second round by Andy Roddick.
ATP career finals
Doubles: 1 (1–0)
Asian Games
In the 15th Asian Games held in Doha, Qatar, he won the gold medal for Thailand, after beating Korean Lee Hyung-taik in two sets, 7–5 and 6–3, in the men's singles tournament.
Singles titles (9)
Singles performance timeline
''Current until 2014 Australian Open.
External links
1981 births
Living people
Danai Udomchoke
Danai Udomchoke
Asian Games medalists in tennis
Tennis players at the 1998 Asian Games
Tennis players at the 2002 Asian Games
Tennis players at the 2006 Asian Games
Tennis players at the 2010 Asian Games
Tennis players at the 2014 Asian Games
Danai Udomchoke
Danai Udomchoke
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games
Universiade medalists in tennis
Danai Udomchoke
Danai Udomchoke
Danai Udomchoke
SEA Games medalists in tennis
Competitors at the 2005 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2007 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2009 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2011 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2015 SEA Games
Danai Udomchoke
Medalists at the 2007 Summer Universiade
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danai%20Udomchoke
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The Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England (PASE) is a database and associated website that aims to construct a prosopography of individuals within Anglo-Saxon England. The PASE online database presents details (which it calls factoids) of the lives of every recorded individual who lived in, or was closely connected with, Anglo-Saxon England from 597 to 1087, with specific citations to (and often quotations from) each primary source describing each factoid.
PASE was funded by the British Arts and Humanities Research Council from 2000 to 2008 as a major research project based at King's College London in the Department of History and the Centre for Computing in the Humanities (now the Department of Digital Humanities), and at the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, University of Cambridge.
The first phase of the project (PASE1) was launched at the British Academy on 27 May 2005 and is freely available on the Internet at www.pase.ac.uk. This covers individuals named in written sources up to 1066, and contains 11,758 individuals. Each person is assigned a number, to aid the ready identification of individuals in future scholarship- e.g. King Alfred the Great is denoted as Alfred 8. Each named individual is accompanied by the various spellings of their name as it appears in the written sources, along with factoids on their career and personal relationships where this can be determined.
A second phase (PASE2), released on 10 August 2010, added information drawn chiefly from Domesday Book to the database. This includes 19,807 named individuals. The landholdings of these individuals are mapped, along with a table illustrating their named landholdings. In cases where enough information is possible, a small prose biography is provided.
A number of publications have resulted from the creation of the PASE database - these are listed on the site.
The PASE database is dedicated to professor Nicholas Brooks and Ann Williams.
Directors
Dame Janet 'Jinty' Nelson
Simon Keynes
Harold Short
Stephen Baxter
See also
Anglo-Saxons
Prosopography of the Byzantine World
References
External links
Department of Anglo-Saxon Norse and Celtic, University of Cambridge
Department of Digital Humanities, KCL
Historiography of England
Databases in England
Anglo-Saxon studies scholars
King's College London
Organisations associated with the University of Cambridge
Research projects
Online databases
Prosopography
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopography%20of%20Anglo-Saxon%20England
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Lempa (, ) is a village in Cyprus located approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) north of the town of Paphos. It is sometimes written as Lemba, which is also closer to the correct pronunciation. Neighbouring villages are Empa, Kissonerga and Chlorakas.
The village is located on top of an escarpment overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, and is set in one of the most fertile parts of Cyprus. The area produces citrus, olives, tomatoes and market-garden vegetables, and is one of the few parts of Europe where commercial banana production is possible.
The village is one of the most ancient in Cyprus, and since 1976 has been the site of ongoing archaeological excavations by the School of Archaeology at the University of Edinburgh. Lempa is believed to have been first settled in the Chalcolithic Period (c. 3800–2500 BC), and a number of cruciform female figurines, carved in stone, from this period have been found. In 1982, the Lemba Experimental Village was established as an archaeological project to recreate a Chalcolithic village and use it to undertake a number of historic activities, including use of building materials, pyrotechnology, pottery firing and prehistoric cooking methods. With the cooperation of the Cyprus Department of Antiquities, as well as the mayor and villagers of Lempa, the project has developed into an important visitor attraction as well as being for research into many aspects of experimental archaeology.
Lempa appears to have been occupied for most of the human history of Cyprus, and much later archaeological remains, including pottery fragments and coins from the Mediaeval period have been found there.
In 1958, after the intercommunal fights, the majority of Lempa villagers had to flee to Afania Village. And in 1959 the Lempa villagers has returned their houses right before the British Colonial Government agreed to establish Cyprus Republic.
In more recent times, Lempa was until 1963 a Turkish village, but following intercommunal violence on 2 January 1964 the Turkish population abandoned Lempa and settled in Paphos town. Following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, the Turkish population moved to the north of Cyprus to primary Morphou, North Nicosia, Famagusta and Kyrenia and the village was fully abandoned except for a small number of Greek refugees. It was then resettled by displaced Greek Cypriots from the north.
In 1981, Lempa became home to the Cyprus College of Art. Under the leadership of the Cypriot artist Stass Paraskos, the College renovated the former school building for use as artists' studios. The first artist to use the building was the British painter Euan Uglow. Following the College a number of other artists have moved into the village which has since become an internationally known artists' colony.
As a consequence of the artists, archaeologists and art college in Lempa the Government of Cyprus announced in 2008 that the village was to receive major funding to become a 'Cultural Village'. This project would see improvements to the facilities of both the archaeological site and college, and new facilities for visitors to Lempa. However this has proven controversial as to date the Cypriot government has not started on the development.
References
External links
Communities in Paphos District
Prehistoric Cyprus
Archaeological sites in Cyprus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempa%2C%20Cyprus
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Braddock: Missing in Action III is a 1988 American action adventure film, and a sequel to Missing in Action, following the second film, Missing in Action 2: The Beginning, which was a prequel. It is the third and final installment in the Missing in Action film series. The film stars Chuck Norris, who co-wrote the screenplay with James Bruner. The film was directed by Norris' brother, Aaron Norris.
Plot
Colonel James Braddock (Chuck Norris), Vietnam War veteran, had believed his Asian wife Lin Tan Cang (Miki Kim) to be dead since the war ended in 1975, but he hears from a missionary, Reverend Polanski (Yehuda Efroni), that Lin is not only alive, but that she and Braddock have a 12-year-old son named Van Tan Cang (Roland Harrah III).
At first, Braddock does not believe it, but when cold-blooded CIA boss Littlejohn (Jack Rader) tells Braddock to disregard that information, that is when Braddock knows it is true. Braddock heads back into Vietnam through parachute deployment and with the help of an Australian C-47 pilot. After parachute descent, Braddock outruns Vietnamese Navy patrol boats with a jet-powered speedboat.
Reverend Polanski leads Braddock to Lin and Van. Attempting to flee the country, Braddock, Lin, and Van are captured by the soldiers of the sadistic Vietnamese General Quoc (Aki Aleong). Quoc kills Lin on the spot, and has his soldiers take Braddock and Van to a compound to be tortured.
Later, Braddock overpowers his guards, frees Van, and heads for the mission that is run by Polanski. Quoc anticipates the move and takes all the mission children into captivity, along with Van and Polanski, and Braddock sets out to free them all from Quoc by going to his weapons cache that he had hidden a few days prior. He equips himself with a modified Heckler & Koch G3 battle rifle with an underslung 6-shot rotary grenade launcher and attachments including a spring-loaded bayonet. He raids the camp killing the guards and loading up one of the trucks with all the children including his son, Van and the Reverend. Soon after escaping they are followed and attacked by a Vietnamese-captured US UH-1 Huey.
After they escape Braddock takes the children on foot and find a Vietnamese airstrip. Braddock silently takes out the guards and hijacks a C-47 Dakota plane. The plane is then attacked by Vietnamese guards causing fuel to leak out of the plane, eventually crashing just outside the Cambodian-Thailand border. Braddock then raids the border station where Thai and US troops are watching on the other side, cheering Braddock on. When Braddock kills all the opposing troops, more pour in. Braddock is injured by a grenade. When General Quoc then flies in on a Vietnamese Mil-24 Hind gunship thinking he has Braddock all to himself, two US helicopters on the side of the Thai border confront Quoc's gunship. Taunting each other to cross, Braddock and his son Van fire at Quoc's ship, hitting the pilot. The gunship crashes, killing Quoc. The US troops pour over the border and bridge and help the wounded Braddock and the children.
Cast
Chuck Norris as Colonel James Braddock
Aki Aleong as General Quoc
Roland Harrah III as Van Tan Cang
Yehuda Efroni as Reverend Polanski
Floyd Levine as General Duncan
Miki Kim as Lin Tan Cang
Ron Barker as "Mik" Mikalchek
Jack Rader as CIA Agent Littlejohn
Keith David as Embassy Gate Captain
Production
Development
Norris had a long-term deal with Cannon Films. They were in financial trouble and wanted a new Missing in Action film. Norris says that he was not interested in doing a third film until his brother Aaron told him about the Amerasian children: "In Vietnam there are 15,000 Amerasian children who are trapped there, considered outcasts, living a strictly non-existent life. So I started reading up on the subject and got emotionally involved".
Norris was particularly affected by a segment he saw on the ABC TV show 20/20: "An American soldier fell in love over there in Vietnam, but the Army wouldn't let him marry her. He went back and tried to get her over because he knew she was pregnant. Finally, she had the baby over there and died. So the next 14 years he spent trying to locate (the child) and get him out of the country. But finally he did it, and there were tears and everything then. It really hit you". Norris wrote the script with James Bruner.
Filming
Filming was to start 1 December 1986 with Joseph Zito who directed the original film to direct, but due to creative and personal differences with Chuck Norris, Zito left the production. In March, Jack Smight was attached to direct. Eventually Aaron Norris wound up making his directorial debut on the film. Norris later said that Aaron saved Braddock after going through several other directors. Aaron Norris would go on to direct six more films with his brother, as well as helping him run Walker, Texas Ranger.
On May 30, 1987, four military and police officers were killed in an AUH-76 helicopter of the Philippine Air Force accident during filming in the Philippines. There would also be a fatal helicopter crash in a later Norris film, Delta Force 2: The Colombian Connection.
Norris thought that it was the best film he ever made prior to its release.
Reception
Box office
Norris said that Missing in Action and Missing in Action 2: The Beginning put Cannon on the New York Stock Exchange, as Cannon Films was in the state of bankruptcy.
The movie debuted at No. 5 at the box office with $2,210,401 in the opening weekend. It was the least financially successful film in the Missing in Action film series.
Norris said he was "frustrated", with the job Cannon Films did with marketing the film: "I was ready to break my contract because it was the best of the series. We had a big meeting, and I told them that if they didn't do a better job marketing my films in the U.S., I was going to take them to court because my career is on the line".
Critical response
Walter Goodman of The New York Times wrote: "Wearing a worried expression beneath a week's worth of beard, Braddock knocks off what remains of the Vietnamese Army, already pretty well decimated by their earlier encounters ... As that general remarks before he meets the fate of all of Braddock's adversaries, 'This has gone on long enough'". Variety said: "Chuck Norris manages to pull off a strangely timely and involving story about getting a bunch of Amerasian kids out of Vietnam within the confines of his usual 1-man army action meller parameters. Not to say this is emotional stuff, just up a notch from past chapters that have managed to attract mostly a redneck following at the b.o." Dave Kehr of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 2 stars out of 4 and wrote: "It's a passable action film, though like most of Norris' vehicles, it's an almost completely colorless one". Leonard Klady of the Los Angeles Times called the film "a by-the-numbers filmed atrocity. One can just imagine a game caller saying: 'Under the 'I', 17 Amerasian children tortured; under the 'N', 49 Vietnamese soldiers blown to kingdom come'. It all adds up to the movie game of J-I-N-G-O, which ought to be a felony". Hal Hinson of The Washington Post wrote: "We could say this is mind-bogglingly insulting, lowest-common-denominator-style filmmaking, that it's gratuitously racist and violent and just plain dumb, but then wouldn't that be stating the obvious? But what response would be fitting and adequate and not be obvious? Keening? Shrieking? A full-fledged, spread-eagle tantrum?"
See also
List of American films of 1988
Chuck Norris filmography
References
External links
1988 films
1980s action war films
1980s action adventure films
1980s English-language films
Films about the Central Intelligence Agency
Films set in 1975
Films set in 1987
Films directed by Aaron Norris
Films set in Thailand
Golan-Globus films
Vietnam War films
War adventure films
American sequel films
American action adventure films
American action war films
Films shot in the Philippines
Films scored by Jay Chattaway
1988 directorial debut films
Films produced by Menahem Golan
Films produced by Yoram Globus
1980s American films
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Kishwer Falkner, Baroness Falkner of Margravine (; born 9 March 1955) is a British politician and life peer who is a non-aligned member of the House of Lords. She was the Chairman of the EU Financial Affairs Sub-Committee in the House of Lords from 2015 to 2019.
Prior to her ennoblement as a life peer with the title Baroness Falkner of Margravine, of Barons Court in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, on 2 June 2004, Falkner worked for the Liberal Democrats in the House of Commons and party headquarters including as Director of International Affairs and Director of Policy. She also worked at the Commonwealth Secretariat and as Chief Executive of Student Partnerships Worldwide. In February 2008 she was appointed as the inaugural chancellor of The University of Northampton.
She is currently a member of the Bank of England's Enforcement Decision Making Committee. She is also a visiting professor at The Policy Institute at King's College London and an honorary associate of the National Secular Society.
In December 2020, she became chair of the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC). Her appointment led to criticism both from her predecessor and staff members who said EHRC had become politicised and transphobic during her tenure. Other people have said that she is reversing the "politicising" of her predecessor.
Life
Kishwer Falkner was born in Pakistan and after living and working in the Middle East, moved to the UK in the late 1970s. Falkner was educated at convent schools in Pakistan, the London School of Economics where she obtained a BSc (Econ) in International Relations and the University of Kent where she obtained an MA in International Relations and European Studies.
Political career
She joined the Liberal Democrats in the mid-1980s and worked for the party in several posts till 1999. Falkner contested Kensington and Chelsea in the 2001 General Election and was on the Liberal Democrats list for London in the 2004 European elections.
Falkner was the Liberal Democrats’ Director of International and European Affairs for several years, co-authoring much of the Party's policy on the European Union, and coordinating a joint response for European Liberals on issues related to Europe's structures and place in the world. Falkner also worked for the Commonwealth Secretariat, where she continued to work on the broader issues of globalisation, democracy and development. In 2003–04, Falkner was chief executive of a charity working with young people in some of the poorest parts of Africa and Asia.
EHRC head
On 1 December 2020, she became chair of the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC).
Transphobia controversy
Falkner and the EHRC under her leadership have come under criticism from trans and other LGBTIQ+ organisations following comments she made in May 2021 to The Times, in which she said that women had the right to question transgender identity without fear of abuse, stigmatisation or loss of employment. Her predecessor as EHRC chair, David Isaac, said the commission was politicised by the Conservative Party during her tenure. Several former and current staff members of EHRC described the public body as "transphobic," "anti-LGBT+" and an "enemy of human rights" during Falkner's tenure, and media reported that several staff members had resigned in protest of EHRC's "descent into transphobia." EHRC was also criticised for holding private meetings with anti-trans groups such as LGB Alliance and Fair Play For Women. Scottish National Party MP John Nicolson, deputy chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Global LGBT+ Rights in the UK Parliament, said: "Sadly the EHRC appears now to be working against, not for, LGBT rights. Our community no longer see it as our friend but as our opponent. It's yet another organisation tainted by Boris Johnson and his appointees." However others defended Falkner including Janice Turner in The Times who said: "Falkner is accused of politicising the EHRC, yet in fact she is merely depoliticising her predecessor’s regime. Her first act was to withdraw the EHRC from the Stonewall Champions scheme, which had meant that under her predecessor David Isaac (ex-chairman of Stonewall) a government body whose core mission is to balance all human rights was following rules set by one lobby group alone."
Investigation
In May 2023, a lawyer was appointed to investigate complaints against Falkner. The complaints were made by current and former staff at the EHRC. The nature of the complaints has not been disclosed. In May 2023 the investigation was suspended "following a backlash from 54 peers and outcry across the political spectrum". The investigation restarted in July 2023 but was closed in October 2023, following an independent review of the Commission's handling of complaints, initiated by the Minister for Women and Equalities, with Falkner remaining in her position as Chair.
Electoral history
Explanatory notes
References
Life peeresses created by Elizabeth II
Falkner of Margravine
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Alumni of the University of Kent
1955 births
Living people
Pakistani emigrants to the United Kingdom
Liberal Democrats (UK) parliamentary candidates
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kishwer%20Falkner%2C%20Baroness%20Falkner%20of%20Margravine
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Spynie Palace, also known as Spynie Castle, was the fortified seat of the Bishops of Moray for about 500 years in Spynie, Moray, Scotland. The founding of the palace dates back to the late 12th century. It is situated about 500 m from the location of the first officially settled Cathedral Church of the Diocese of Moray, Holy Trinity Church in present-day Spynie Churchyard. For most of its occupied history, the castle was not described as a palace — this term first appeared in the Registry of Moray in a writ of 1524.
Background
The beginnings of the Bishopric of Moray are unclear. The first mention of a bishop was Gregoir whose name appeared on several royal charters in the 1120s. The early bishops of Moray had no fixed abode but moved between houses at Birnie, Kinneddar and Spynie. In 1172, King William I, the Lion, made grants to the church of the Holy Trinity of the Bishopric of Moray and to Bishop Simon de Tosny. Formal permission for the permanent move to Spynie was given by Pope Innocent III to Bishop Bricius de Douglas in April 1206 and the transfer was probably made by 1208. Bishop Bricius attended the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215 and may have appealed to Innocent to transfer the See of Moray to Elgin. However, he certainly wrote to him requesting the move before July 1216. The cathedral church of Spynie was considered vulnerable to attack and too far from the market. Elgin with its royal castle would have been seen as a better option. Bricius did not live to see the changes made, dying in 1222, but his successor, Bishop Andrew of Moray carried them out. Although the See of Moray was transferred to the Church of the Holy Trinity in Elgin on 19 July 1224, the Bishop of Moray's episcopal palace remained at Spynie.
The fortified residence
12th and 13th centuries
The first castle was a wooden structure built in the late 12th century and was revealed in excavations carried out between 1986 and 1994. The excavated evidence suggests that the buildings were surrounded by a rectangular ring work and ditch which seem to have enclosed an area of roughly the same as the 14th-century curtain wall, i.e., an enclosure of 45 – 65 m and is large even by medieval ring works found elsewhere in Britain. It is likely that the buildings would have consisted of the bishop's house with a hall, a bed chamber and a chapel and also holding a brewhouse and a bakehouse. The stone buildings first appeared in the 13th century with the establishment of what was thought to have been a chapel and which had coloured glass windows.
The first recorded mention of the castle is in a document held in the British Museum. This manuscript dates from the early 14th century but appears to have been compiled between 1292 and 1296 and was apparently for the use of English administrators during King Edward I of England's occupation of Scotland. The first writ issued at Spynie Castle was in 1343 and is recorded in the Register of Moray
14th and early 15th centuries
The remaining wooden buildings were gradually replaced with stone, and this continued through into the 14th century when the first main castle building was erected. This was a near-square structure built within a 7-metre-high curtain wall. The main entrance in the wall faced to the south and a tower that projected from the south-east corner had narrow openings for archers.
In this period Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, otherwise known as the Wolf of Badenoch, attacked and burned Elgin Cathedral in June 1390. It also appears that he took Spynie Castle as King Robert III (Buchan's brother) issued an instruction to Buchan in August 1390 forbidding him to 'intromit' the Castle of Spynie for any reason. Following Bishop Alexander Bur's death in 1397, the King, in conformity with feudal established practice during the period of the vacant seat, took possession of the castle and perversely appointed the now reformed Wolf of Badenoch to be warden of the castle. After the election of the new bishop, the King issued a writ on 3 May 1398 to Buchan to hand over the castle and contents to Bishop William without claiming expenses.
Later 15th and 16th centuries
It is thought that Bishop John de Winchester (1435–60) was responsible for moving the main gate to the east wall which contained a strong portcullis. The architectural detail of the upper section of the gate remains and show the gatekeeper's room complete with a small fireplace. John, as well as being the Bishop of Moray, was also the king's Master of Works and had been responsible for alterations to the castles at Inverness and Urquhart as well as the palace at Linlithgow. The fine stonework and styling of the gate may have been carried out by the master-masons working on the restoration work at Elgin Cathedral following its destruction in 1390.
The most significant buildings were established in the later 15th century through into the 16th century when David's Tower (also known as Davey's Tower) was built along with other substantial accommodation areas. The tower is the largest by volume of all medieval Scottish towers measuring 19 m by 13.5 m and 22 m in height and was started by Bishop David Stewart (1462–76) and completed by Bishop William Tulloch (1477–82). It has 6 storeys above ground and had a garret on the top. Below ground is a vaulted basement which is approximately 1.5 m below the level of the courtyard; it contains a circular dungeon, 5.3 m in diameter, lit only by a narrow loop looking to the west and has a slightly domed vaulted roof. The ground floor contained the hall which is 12.8 m by 6.7 m and lit by large windows with built-in stone seats. At the NE corner was a spiral staircase which led to the upper floors. Each of these floors was similar in design with a single large room and smaller chambers leading off it. The tower is plain and practically lacking in architectural features; the external walls were originally rendered while the internal walls were plastered.
Stewart was also responsible for converting the old hall in the west range to kitchens to service the tower. It was said that the building of the tower was a reaction to intimidation from the Earl of Huntly whom Stewart had excommunicated for failing to pay his taxes. During the mid 16th century, a walled garden to the south of the castle precinct was established mainly to house an orchard. A deed was signed in the garden in 1556 indicating that it would have been a pleasant place to relax in. The household diet was further supplemented when a rabbit warren and a doocot were added in 1569. Bishop Patrick Hepburn (1538–73), the last Roman Catholic bishop at Spynie, installed wide-mouth gun loops to boost the castle defences and enlarges some windows. He continued to live at Spynie for a period after the Reformation.
English prisoners were held at Spynie during the war known as the Rough Wooing, including Edward Sutton, 4th Baron Dudley who was taken at Hume Castle in December 1548. Christopher Rokeby, an agent provocateur of Elizabeth I of England, who had tried to lead Mary, Queen of Scots, into a plot with English Roman Catholics, was imprisoned in Spynie Castle in 1566 for eighteen months during Bishop Patrick Hepburn's tenure. Hepburn fell foul of the Privy Council for sheltering his relative Bothwell at Spynie in 1567 who had fled from the battle of Carberry Hill first to Huntly Castle. Bothwell sailed to Orkney and Shetland, and finally to Denmark.
As part of the pacification following the abdication of Queen Mary, Regent Morton, in a meeting of the Privy Council at Perth on 23 February 1573, ordered that the castle be made available to the Crown, if needed:the hous of Spyne salbe randerit and deliverit to oure Soverane Lord and his Regent foirsaid quhen it salbe requirite on XV dayis warning, without prejudice of ony partiis rycht.
On 29 July 1587, King James VI gave the castle and estate to Alexander Lindsay, 1st Lord Spynie; and they remained in his hands until he surrendered them back to the Crown in December 1605. During this period in 1595, Spynie was one of the castles that had additional fortification installed as protection against a perceived threat from the Spaniards.
17th century
In 1606, King James restored to the bishopric of Moray the endowments that remained. Bishop John Guthrie, who was a well-known royalist, ceased to be the bishop in 1638 when all bishops were deposed by the general assembly – he and his family continued to live at Spynie however. Guthrie refused to subscribe to the Covenant and prepared the castle for a siege which duly arrived in 1640 in the form of Covenanter Col. Sir Robert Monro and his 800 men. Guthrie surrendered the castle immediately on 16 July and the castle was disarmed, however he was allowed, together with his wife and servants, to stay within the castle. Although under house arrest, Guthrie was forced to pay for the upkeep of the garrison of twenty-four men. In September 1640, Guthrie was imprisoned in Aberdeen on rather dubious accusations. The castle was then granted to the Earl of Moray by King Charles I. Elgin and surrounding areas were staunchly anti-Royalist and after his victory against the Covenanters at Auldearn on 9 May 1645, James Graham, Marquis of Montrose turned his attention towards Elgin. The Laird of Innes and Grant of Ballindalloch and some burgesses from Elgin prepared the castle for a siege. Montrose occupied Elgin and burned the homes of leading Covenanter supporters in the town and the farmyard buildings belonging to Spynie but did not attempt to take the castle. Spynie had become the centre for the Covenanters in the area and this fact had not gone unnoticed by the Royalists. The Marquis of Huntly laid siege to the castle in late 1645 leaving Lord Lewis Gordon in charge but the castle's defences held until it was relieved by John Middleton, the future Earl of Middleton.
Following the restoration of Episcopacy to the Scottish Church in 1662 ownership of the castle passed back to the church, but it was starting to fall into decay. Parliament granted Bishop Murdo MacKenzie £1000 for repairs and this sustained the building up to 1689 when the last occupant, Bishop William Hay was expelled after refusing to take an oath of allegiance to King William and Queen Mary. The palace passed into the hands of the Crown and the fine ironwork and wood carvings removed. Local people plundered the walls for stonework for building works until the early 19th century when it passed in the ownership of James Dunbar-Brander of Pitgaveny. It was leased to the Department of the Works in 1974. The tower by that time had a pronounced bulge in the east wall - the structure being undermined by attempts by Covenanters to blow it up.
Major work to stabilise the structure was undertaken during the late 1970s using a large scaffold. Ultimately a curtain wall was reinstated disguising a large concrete plinth that prevents the tower from collapsing. The Palace was finally opened by Historic Scotland in 1994.
Notes
Main references
Buchanan, George: The History of Scotland, Vol III, 1856
Donaldson, G: The Foundation of Elgin Cathedral, in Maclean, A 1974 (ed): Elgin Cathedral and Diocese of Moray, Inverness, p. 2
Fawcett, R: Elgin Cathedral, Edinburgh, 1991
Lewis, Pringle: Spynie Palace and the Bishops of Moray, Edinburgh, 2002
MacGibbon; Ross: Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1887
Simpson, W D: The Palace of the Bishops of Moray at Spynie, Elgin, 1927
External links
Mysterious Britain & Ireland: Spynie Palace
Mary, Queen of Scots website
Images:
Bishop's Palace Ruins,,
Bishop's Church:
Episcopal palaces in Scotland
Castles in Moray
Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Moray
Culdees
Ruins in Moray
Elgin, Moray
1150 establishments in Scotland
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Sage oils are essential oils that come in several varieties:
Dalmatian sage oil
Also called English, Garden, and True sage oil. Made by steam distillation of Salvia officinalis partially dried leaves. Yields range from 0.5 to 1.0%. A colorless to yellow liquid with a warm camphoraceous, thujone-like odor and sharp and bitter taste. The main components of the oil are thujone (50%), camphor, pinene, and cineol.
Clary sage oil
Sometimes called muscatel. Made by steam or water distillation of Salvia sclarea flowering tops and foliage. Yields range from 0.7 to 1.5%. A pale yellow to yellow liquid with a herbaceous odor and a winelike bouquet. Produced in large quantities in France, Russia and Morocco. The oil contains linalyl acetate, linalool and other terpene alcohols (sclareol), as well as their acetates.
Spanish sage oil
Made by steam distillation of Salvia lavandulifolia leaves and twigs. A colorless to pale yellow liquid with the characteristic camphoraceous odor. Unlike Dalmatian sage oil, Spanish sage oil contains no or only traces of thujone; camphor and eucalyptol are the major components.
Greek sage oil
Made by steam distillation of Salvia triloba leaves. Grows in Greece and Turkey. Yields range from 0.25% to 4%. The oil contains camphor, thujone, and pinene, the dominant component being eucalyptol.
Judaean sage oil
Made by steam distillation of Salvia judaica leaves. The oil contains mainly cubebene and ledol.
References
Essential oils
Flavors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sage%20oil
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The 104th Infantry Regiment traces its history to 14 November 1639, when it was first mustered as the Springfield Train Band in Springfield, Massachusetts. In 1662 the unit was formed into the Hampshire Regiment of the Massachusetts Militia. It later served in the Continental Army during the American Revolution, with Union forces in the American Civil War, and as a federalized Massachusetts National Guard regiment with the U.S. Army during Spanish–American War, Mexican Border Campaign, World War I and World War II. The last active element of the regiment, the 1st Battalion, was deactivated in 2005 and the soldiers and lineage transferred to the 1st Battalion, 181st Infantry Regiment.
Heraldic items
Coat of arms
Blazon:
Shield: Per chevron and enhanced Argent and Azure, in chief a cross Gules, between six mullets pilewise a crenelated torch of the first flamant of three of the third, and in base an Indian arrowhead point to base of the first.
Crest: That for the regiments of the Massachusetts National Guard: On a wreath of the colors Argent and Azure a dexter arm embowed clothed Blue and ruffed White Proper the hand grasping a broad sword Argent the pommel and hilt Or.
Motto: FORTITUDE ET COURAGE (Fortitude and Courage).
Symbolism:
The shield is white and blue – the old and the present Infantry colors.
Indian Wars and disturbances are indicated by the Indian arrowhead.
The cross of St. George recalls Revolutionary War service.
The "per chevron" division of the shield represents the "Bloody Angle" at Spotsylvania during the Civil War.
The crenelated portion of the torch is representative of Spanish War service.
The torch was a device painted on the 104th Infantry Regiment equipment during World War I for easy identification, the three flames representing the three centuries of existence of the 104th Infantry Regiment.
The six mullets symbolize the six major engagements during World War I.
Background:
The coat of arms was originally approved for the 104th Infantry Regiment on 1926-11-05.
It was redesignated for the 104th Infantry Regiment on 1961-04-08 under the Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS).
Distinctive unit insignia
Description:
A silver color metal and enamel device in height consisting of a shield blazoned: Per chevron and enhanced Argent and Azure, in chief a cross Gules, between six mullets pilewise a crenelated torch of the first flamant of three of the third, and in base an Indian arrowhead point to base of the first.
Attached below the shield a motto scroll inscribed FORTITUDE ET COURAGE in black letters.
Symbolism: The insignia is the shield and motto of the coat of arms of the 104th Infantry.
Background:
The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved on 1926-11-04 for the 104th Infantry Regiment.
It was redesignated for the 104th Infantry Regiment on 1961-04-08, under the Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS).
The insignia was amended on 1968-06-19 to include the motto scroll.
History
Formation and Colonial operations
First formed on 14 November 1639 as the Springfield Train Band, at Springfield, Massachusetts. This original band trained on the highlands, which George Washington later selected as the site of the United States National Armory.
Organized on 7 May 1662 as part of the Massachusetts Militia from several existing Western Massachusetts training bands, and named The Hampshire Regiment because the majority of Western Massachusetts – including the region's de facto capital, Springfield – was, at the time, located within Hampshire County (After the American Revolution, Hampshire County was split into three separate counties, currently administered by two different New England states – Hampden County, Massachusetts, with a capital at the City of Springfield; Hartford County, Connecticut, with a capital at the City of Hartford, and the current Hampshire County, Massachusetts, with a capital at the college town of Northampton).
The Hampshire Regiment expanded on 16 November 1748 to form the 1st (South) Hampshire Regiment (i.e. near Springfield,) and the 2nd (North) Hampshire Regiment, (i.e. near Northampton and west.)
The 1st Hampshire Regiment expanded on 1 January 1763 to form the 1st Hampshire Regiment (near Springfield,) and the Berkshire Regiment, (Northampton and west, encompassing the relatively recently settled Berkshires.)
Massachusetts Army and the American Revolution
The Hampshire Regiment formed the following Massachusetts Militia units on 27 May 1775 for service at Boston: Danielson's Battalion., Fellows' Battalion, Patterson's Battalion. and Woodbridge's Battalion.
1st and 2nd Hampshire Regiments and Berkshire Regiment reorganized 29 November 1772 as the 9th Division. (Hampshire and Berkshire) Volunteer Light Infantry Companies. These companies serve as the light and flank companies for the Massachusetts Line.
During the American Revolution (1775–1783) the Hampshire Regiment formed the following Continental Army units: 1st Massachusetts Regiment, 13th Massachusetts Regiment, Porter's Regiment.
Flank (Volunteer Militia) companies in Federal Service September–October 1814 as elements of the Elite Brigade at Boston.
9th Division, reorganized 1 July 1834 to consist of the Regiment of Light Infantry (Volunteer Militia).
Regiment of Light Infantry reorganized and redesignated 24 April 1840 in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia as the 10th Regiment of Light Infantry
Civil War
Redesignated 26 February 1855 as the 10th Regiment of Infantry.
Mustered into Federal Service 21 June 1861 at Springfield, Massachusetts, as the 10th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment; mustered out of Federal service 6 July 1864 at Springfield.
Reorganized 11 November 1868 in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia as the 2nd Regiment of Infantry.
World War I
Shortly after the United States declared war on Germany in April 1917 the regiment was mustered into Federal service and designated as the 104th Infantry Regiment. The 104th was assigned to the 26th Division (nicknamed the Yankee Division) which was formed from National Guard units from New England.
Regarding the United States in World War I, on 10, 12 and 13 April 1918, the lines being held by the troops of the 104th Infantry Regiment, of the 52d Infantry Brigade, of the 26th "Yankee" Division, in Bois Brule, near Apremont in the Ardennes, were heavily bombarded and attacked by the Germans. At first the Germans secured a foothold in some advanced trenches which were not strongly held but, thereafter, sturdy counterattacks by the 104th Infantry—at the point of the bayonet and in hand-to-hand combat—succeeded in driving the enemy out with serious losses, entirely re-establishing the American line.
For its gallantry the 104th Infantry was cited in a general order of the French 32nd Army Corps on 26 April 1918. In an impressive ceremony occurring in a field near Boucq on 28 April 1918, the 104th Infantry's regimental flag was decorated with the Croix de Guerre by French General Fenelon F.G. Passaga. "I am proud to decorate the flag of a regiment which has shown such fortitude and courage," he said. "I am proud to decorate the flag of a nation which has come to aid in the fight for liberty." Thus, the 104th Infantry became the very first American unit to be honored by a foreign country for exceptional bravery in combat. In addition, 117 members of the 104th Infantry received the award, including its commander, Colonel George H. Shelton.
According to The New York Times, in July 1918 "it was the lot of the Americans [which involved the 104th Infantry Regiment] to drive the Germans back in the region lying north of Chateau-Thierry." The offensive operations of the U.S. 26th Division and 104th Regiment at Chateau Thierry were complicated—the problem being to transition at once from defensive to offensive warfare. "This involved continuous movement under the most hazardous and confusing conditions and included every unit of the [104th] regiment. In the eight days from July 18 to July 25, 1918, the 104th Infantry was to pass through a crucible of fire and steel. Its men were to write sagas of sacrifice, devotion and heroism. In the stress of one of the great, decisive battles in world history, many of these acts failed of proper recognition. It is safe to say that almost without exception, every man of the [104th] regiment was deserving of mention for meritorious conduct during those terrible July days."
"By July 4 [1918], the entire [26th] Division moved up to the front in the area also known as the Pas Fini Sector ('Unfinished Sector'), where the 52nd Infantry Brigade relieved the U.S. Marine Brigade from the area of Belleau Wood and Torcy as far to the northwest as Bussiares on the left side of the line. The relief was completed on July 9 [1918] following delays due to defensive preparations for an expected German attack. [The] 52nd Brigade HQ was established at La Loge Farm, and the 26th Division HQ was moved up to Chamigny. There were no trenches in the area of the front, little wire and no shelters (dugouts). Rather, defenses were designed for open warfare and consisted of shallow fox-holes covered with brush, positioned to provide mutually supporting fire along with numerous machine gun positions. The outpost line and principal resistance line were separated by a 1,000 yard artillery barrage zone designed to break up any attack that overran the outposts. Occupants of the outposts had the usual mission of fighting to the last man with no hope of reinforcement. At all hours, troops of the outpost line were fired on by machine guns and artillery of the German 7th Army. Food and water had to be carried to the forward troops by ration details through machine gun fire under cover of darkness. The troops suffered a high number of casualties due to heavy gas exposure. Belleau Wood itself was a forest of horror from the hard fighting earlier in June [1918] involving the Marines; equipment, unburied bodies and severed limbs were found still strewn everywhere and hanging in trees with the smell of death and decay heavy in the air."
"From July 9–14 [1918], 10,350 high explosive shells fell on the 52nd Brigade sector killing 14 and wounding 84. In rain and fog at midnight on July 14 [1918], the entire 26th Division front was heavily shelled with a combination of high explosive and gas. Another day-long enemy bombardment occurred across the entire Divisional sector on July 15 [1918], drenching it with mustard gas. On July 16–17 [1918] another 7,000 rounds of high explosive fell in the Divisional sector. Despite the relentless bombardments by German artillery, no major infantry engagements occurred."
On 17 July 1918, "the 26th Division was the only thing between the Boches and the open road to Paris. The position of the Twenty-sixth Division was as follows: the extreme right was held by the 101st Infantry, facing north. The 102d Infantry lay along a roll of hills, its line extending a little beyond Bouresches; the regiment facing almost east. The 104th was in the Belleau Wood, facing east and northeast, and the 103d Infantry, north of Lucy de Bocage, faced north and northeast on [the Americans'] extreme left. One battalion of artillery was in position in the fields right and left of the Paris-Metz road; another, out on [the Americans'] left flank, was on the line Champillon-Voie du Chatel. [T]he attack was ordered for 4:35 a.m. [of July 18, 1918]. Only six hours was given to make out Division orders, get them to the various regiments, and get the units in position for the jumping-off hour." Shortly after H-hour sounded, "[a] severe fire dropped by the enemy artillery on the [104th in Belleau Wood]. Nobody dreamed that the encounters [beginning on July 18, 1918] had marked a turning-point of the war—that with the forward rush on that brilliant morning."
"Also known to historians as the Second Battle of the Marne, the Aisne-Marne Offensive began on July 18, 1918, with a combined French and American attack on the German forces (7th Army) inside the St. Mihiel Salient. The 52nd Infantry Brigade [including the 104th Infantry Regiment] attacked along the 26th Division’s line from Bouresches to the left of the Division sector. The 52nd Brigade's initial objective was to take the Torcy-Belleau-Givry Railroad from Givry to Bouresches." "...the days succeeding July 18th showed us how deadly our fire had been. Lucy-le-Bocage and Vaux were laid flat by the Boche, Belleau Woods was a shattered, stinking horror, and all the traveled roads were hell...."
"The advance continued on July 21 [1918] as the German Army fell back across a broad front in a general retreat. [There was] stiff German resistance along the "Berta Line" in the area of Epieds, which included orders for enemy artillery to contaminate the front line with mixed gas of all types." "Epieds is reached by a valley from the south through which runs the main road. North of Epieds is a wooded hill, and to the west similar hills at the lower end of the Bois de Chatelet, and to the east other hills up to the northern end of the Boise de Trungy."
The entire 52nd Brigade, including the 104th Regiment, attacked Epieds twice on 22 July 1918, only to be pushed back both times with heavy casualties from German machine gun fire. "Overnight more than 1,000 artillery shells fell on the 52nd Brigade's Command Post and the next day the 52nd was again repulsed in a third attack against Epieds, the vigorous defense of which proved to be a rear-guard holding action by the enemy while the main German forces withdrew." During the afternoon of 23 July 1918, the 104th Regiment went up the ravine by the side of the road into the village. "They were swept by fire from more than a hundred machine guns the Germans placed on the hills about the village. [The 104th] got into the village. Soon the Germans got the range and began heavily shelling Epieds and [the 104th] withdrew to the hills, the Germans taking possession of the village under the protection of artillery fire and bringing in more machine guns."
On the morning of 24 July 1918, the 104th Regiment again faced the task of retaking Epieds. "While a small force stayed in front, drawing the fire of the Germans from the village and hills, [the other troops of the 104th] moved against the machine gunners from the rear. The troops [of the 104th] in front of the village and on both sides attacked together, forcing the Germans to evacuate quickly." "Of the fighting here the French Communique [of the evening of July 24, 1918] said: 'Fierce combats were fought in the sector of Epieds. Those combats, bloody and severe, were fought by Americans whose indomitable energy the Germans fell back [on the afternoon of July 24, 1918] giving [the Americans] an average advance of three kilometers'. While the actual advance was not marked by such bitter fighting, it was the fierce combats up to [the morning of July 24, 1918] which resulted in the advance." The New York Times, in a caption for its related news article, proclaimed that the "Capture of Epieds [was] a Test of Fighting Quality Under the Hardest Conditions." "In a week of fighting the 26th Division had captured 17 kilometers of ground in the first real advance made by an American division as a unit, but at a cost of 20% casualties (the greatest number of battle casualties it would experience in a single operation). Counted among the Division’s casualties were 1,930 gas cases." "The fight for Epieds was one of the most severe and costly in which the Americans have engaged."
"The 104th continued to fight with courage and valor until the end of the war. It had taken part in six major campaigns: Chemin Des Dames, Apremont, Campagne-Marne, Aisne Marne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne". While "Over There" in France, the men of the 104th Infantry Regiment experienced some of the heaviest fighting and suffered the greatest number of casualties of the U.S. 26th Division. "With the end of the war, the men of the 104th returned home and became citizen-soldiers once again."
World War II
"In September 1940, the first peacetime conscription in the history of the United States was begun. On January 16, 1941, the 26th "Yankee Division" was brought into Federal service for a supposed one year of duty. The 104th as part of the division was mobilized at Camp Edwards on Cape Cod, Mass. Draftees built up the unit to full peacetime strength, and modified training was begun. Saturday, December 6, 1941, the 104th returned to Camp Edwards from the Carolina Maneuvers, the largest war games held up to that time. In less than 24 hours, the men who expected to return to their homes in a little over a month knew that they would be fighting another threat to the existence of their country."
"In January 1942, the 104th U.S. Infantry was put on Coastal Defense duty to forestall German attempts to secure bases in the North Atlantic and to prevent the landing of saboteurs. In March 1942 replacements joined the regiment to bring it to full war-time strength and the 104th was sent to patrol and coast from North Carolina and Key West, Florida. In January 1943, the regiment was assembled at Camp Blanding, Florida, to receive amphibious assault training. Here began the long hard grind of training which was to cover five army posts and a maneuver area. From Camp Blanding to Camp Gordon, Georgia, to Camp Campbell, Kentucky, to the Tennessee Maneurvers, back to Camp Campbell, to Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and finally to Camp Shanks, New York, for the final drills before going overseas. During this time, the 104th Infantry had furnished cadres of trained personnel to form the nucleus of new units being formed. Then it was back to the grind of training replacements. To the men who remained with the 104th throughout, all this training and retraining became very monotonous and tedious. On August 27, 1944, the 104th sailed for a destination which proved to be Cherbourg, France."
National Guard and overseas service
Mustered into Federal service 10 May 1898 as the 2nd Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry for service in Cuba; mustered out of Federal service 3 November 1898.
(Massachusetts Volunteer Militia redesignated 15 November 1907 as the Massachusetts National Guard).
Mustered into Federal service 18 June 1916 for service at the Mexico Border; mustered out of Federal service 31 October 1916.
Mustered into Federal service 25 March 1917 at Westfield, Massachusetts.; drafted into Federal service 5 August 1917.
Redesignated 22 August 1917 as 104th Infantry, an element of the 26th Division for service in the war. (Reinforced by elements of 6th and 8th Massachusetts Infantry.)
Demobilized 25 April 1919 at Camp Devens, Massachusetts.
Reorganized 31 March 1920 in the Massachusetts National Guard at Springfield, Massachusetts, as the 104th Infantry.
Redesignated 30 September 1921 as the 104th Infantry Regiment, an element the 26th Division (later redesignated as the 26th Infantry Division).
Inducted into federal service 16 January 1941 at Springfield, Massachusetts. Inactivated 29 December 1945 at Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts.
Reorganized and federally recognized 29 November 1946 at Springfield, Massachusetts.
Redesignated 1 May 1959 under the Combat Arms Regimental System as the 1st Battle Group, 104th Infantry
Reorganized 1 March 1963, to consist of two battalions assigned to the 3rd Brigade of the 26th Division.
Reorganized 30 September 1992, 1st and 2nd Battalions are consolidated to form 1st Battalion, 104th Infantry.
Reorganized 1 October 1995 to consist of the 1st Battalion (Light Infantry), element of the 26th Infantry Brigade, 29th Infantry Division.
1st Battalion 104th Infantry Regiment was inactivated on 1 December 2005, and the remaining units were reconstituted and consolidated into the 1st Battalion, 181st Infantry Regiment.
Battle honors
Revolutionary War
Boston
Long Island
Trenton
Princeton
Saratoga
Monmouth
Quebec
Rhode Island
New York 1780
Civil War
The Peninsula
Antietam
Fredericksburg
Chancellorsville
Gettysburg
Virginia 1863
Wilderness
Spotsylvania
Cold Harbor
Petersburg
Spanish–American War
Santiago
First World War
Ile de France
Lorraine
Aisne-Marne
Saint Mihiel
Meuse-Argonne
Champagne-Marne
Second World War
Northern France
The Rhineland
The Ardennes
Central Europe
Notable soldiers
John B. DeValles
Edgar C. Erickson
Bibliography
Albertine, Connell. The Yankee Doughboy. Boston: Brandon, 1968. Print. (Retired general's reminiscences of his experiences as a young officer with the 104th Infantry Regiment in France during World War I.)
American Battle Monuments Commission. 26th Division Summary of Operations in the World War. Washington D.C.: American Battle Monuments Commission, 1944. Print. (Pamphlet with large, fold-out, annotated maps that detail the combat operations of the YD in World War I.)
Benwell, Harry A. History of the Yankee Division. Boston: Cornhill, 1919. Print. (A comprehensive narrative history of the YD in World War I published immediately after the war.)
Cole, Hugh M. The Lorraine Campaign. Vol. The European Theater of Operations. Washington: Center of Military History, 1950. Print. United States Army in World War II. (one volume from the official U.S. Army History of World War II. Outlines the combat operations in the Lorraine in World War II. This was the initial sustained action by the YD in the war.)
Cole, Hugh M. The Ardennes: Battle of the Bulge. Vol. The European Theater of Operations. Washington: Center of Military History, 1965. Print. United States Army in World War II. (one volume from the official U.S. Army History of World War II. Outlines the combat operations in the Ardennes and the Battle of the Bulge in World War II. In this action the YD played a pivotal role in the defeat of the German offensive.)
Connole, Dennis A. The 26th Yankee Division on Coast Patrol Duty 1942–1943. (This book is a chronicle of the training and the stateside patrol duties of the YD prior to deployment to Europe from January 1941 to 1944. It is a good source for the story of the pre-Pearl Harbor training and maneuvers. It focuses on the 181st Infantry Regiment.)
Courtney Richard, Normandy to the Bulge: An American Infantry GI in Europe during World War II, Chicago: Southern Illinois Press, 2000. (A memoir which offers a spirited view of the war in Europe from the point of view of a PFC.)
Fifield, James H. A History of the 104th U.S. Infantry AEF 1917–1919. 1946. Print. (Springfield newspaper man wrote this comprehensive history of the 104th Infantry Regiment from the organization in Westfield from the existing Mass. National Guard, through World War I and re-deployment.)
George, Albert E., and Edwin H. Cooper. Pictorial History of the Twenty-Sixth Division United States Army. Boston: Ball, 1920. Print. (A volume of Signal Corps photographs and a narrative history of the YD in World War I. Includes unit pictures down to the company level and a fold-out panoramic of the entire YD on review at Camp Devens in 1919.)
Gissen, Max, ed. History of a Combat Regiment 1639–1945. Salzburg, Austria, 1945. Print. (This is a theater-produced history of the 104th Infantry Regiment in World War II. It was created in Austria during occupation duty in 1945 and copies were distributed to all members of the regiment.)
Historical & Pictorial Review National Guard of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 1939. Baton Rouge: Army and Navy, 1939. Print. (This large yearbook, was a depression era project of the WPA. It includes a comprehensive historical sketch of the Mass. National Guard, and pictures and individual company histories for each unit.)
Palladino, Ralph A., ed. History of a Combat Regiment 1639–1945. Baton Rouge: Army and Navy, 1960. Print. (This was a re-editing of the theater produced pamphlet of the same name. It was produced for distribution to 104th Infantry Veterans. It uses the same narrative and maps as the 1945 product, but augments them with collected personal photos and U.S. Signal Corps photos to create a yearbook-style history.)
Passega, General. Le Calvaire De Verdun. Paris: Charled Levauzelle, 1927. Print. (This book is a history of the battles around Verdun in World War I written by the French Corps Commander that commanded the YD during the early campaigns of World War I. It includes descriptions of the actions of the YD in the Toul Sector and the actions of the 104th Infantry at Apremont.)
Sibley, Frank P. With the Yankee Division in France. Norwood, MA: Little Brown and, 1919. Print. (A Boston newspaper man who served as an "embedded reporter" with the YD from the founding throughout World War I. It is a comprehensive and readable account of the war.)
Taylor, Emerson G. New England in France 1917–1919. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1920. Print. (Another of the trio of volumes on the YD in the war published by newspaper men immediately following the war. Good narrative history.)
Westbrook, Stillman F. Those Eighteen Months. Hartford: Case Lockwood and Brainard, 1934. Print. (This is a personal printing of war letters by the commander of the 104th Machine Gun Company in World War I. It is an interesting and witty look at the war as it was being experienced by CPT Westbrook.)
References
External links
United States Army site with description of insignia and coat of arms.
104th Infantry Regiment World War II Historical Re-Enactment Group
1639 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
104
104
Military units and formations disestablished in 2005
Military units and formations established in 1639
Organizations based in Springfield, Massachusetts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/104th%20Infantry%20Regiment%20%28United%20States%29
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The Chocorua River is a river located in eastern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Bearcamp River, part of the Ossipee Lake / Saco River watershed leading to the Atlantic Ocean.
The Chocorua River rises on the eastern slopes of Mount Chocorua, a prominent rocky knob at the southeast margin of the White Mountains. The river flows south into lowlands at the base of the mountain and arrives at Chocorua Lake, noted for its outstanding view of Mount Chocorua. Beyond the lake, the river flows south to the village of Chocorua with a picturesque mill dam, then continues into the flat, sandy Ossipee Lake region, reaching the Bearcamp River at West Ossipee.
New Hampshire Route 16 parallels the Chocorua River for most of its length.
Local history
In the early 20th century, innkeepers purchased the granite mill dam at the southern end of Moore's Pond on the river in Chocorua village. In 1912, the owners of the Chocorua Inn converted the mill dam into a hydroelectric operation hoping to supply energy to part of the town. A year or so later the dam was demolished in a flood, never to be reconstructed. As the eastern portion of the dam was breached, the levee broke and released two thirds of the pond in a few hours, causing the water level to drop and allowing former marshlands to thrive again.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Rivers of Carroll County, New Hampshire
New Hampshire placenames of Native American origin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocorua%20River
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Khalid Mehmood Rashid is a Pakistani citizen who was arrested on 31 October 2005 in South Africa. It has been alleged that he was subjected to extraordinary rendition out of South Africa.
The South African government stated that Rashid had been deported to Pakistan, and that the Pakistani government had confirmed his arrival there. Rashid's lawyer said that Rashid had been a member of the Taliban on the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. The lawyer thought that Rashid was being questioned about al-Qaida locations, and suggested that he may have been handed over to agents of the American government. In 2006 the advocacy organisation Cage Prisoners claimed that Rashid was being held in United States detention at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. In 2007 the human rights group Amnesty International said that Rashid was in secret detention in Pakistan.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalid%20Rashid
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Otwock County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Otwock, which lies south-east of Warsaw. The county also contains the towns of Józefów, lying north-west of Otwock, and Karczew, south of Otwock.
The county covers an area of . As of 2019 its total population is 124,241, out of which the population of Otwock is 44,827, that of Józefów is 20,698, that of Karczew is 9,856, and the rural population is 48,860.
Neighbouring counties
Otwock County is bordered by Mińsk County to the east, Garwolin County to the south-east, Grójec County to the south-west, and Piaseczno County and the city of Warsaw to the west.
Administrative division
The county is subdivided into eight gminas (two urban, one urban-rural and five rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
See also
Świdermajer, the characteristic style of architecture in the area
References
Otwock
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otwock%20County
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The Palmerston Forts along the north bank of the Thames River and East Anglia include:
Beacon Hill Battery, Harwich
Coalhouse Fort, East Tilbury
East Tilbury Battery, East Tilbury
Landguard Fort, Felixstowe
East Anglia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Palmerston%20Forts%20in%20East%20Anglia
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Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School (informally known as Rabun Gap) is a small, private college preparatory school located in Rabun County, Georgia, United States, in the Appalachian Mountains. It is both a boarding and a day school. Rabun Gap is notable for initiating the Foxfire magazine project in 1966, experiential education based on interviewing local people, and writing and publishing articles about their stories and oral traditions. This inspired numerous schools across the country to develop similar programs.
In addition to its strong academic program, it is one of the few schools in the country to include a cirque skills program in its curriculum today. The students put on an annual performance.
Rabun Gap is home to boarding students from 50 countries and 15 states.
History
Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School is one of the largest coeducational, college-preparatory boarding schools in the South, serving boarding and day students in grades Pre-K through 12th grade. Boarding starts in 7th grade. Located in Rabun Gap, the campus is cradled in the mountains of northeast Georgia. The school combines a strong academic program, mountain setting, and Presbyterian heritage to nurture and challenge students of diverse backgrounds as they prepare for college and a lifetime of service.
Andrew Jackson Ritchie, a Rabun County native, and his wife, Addie Corn Ritchie, founded the Rabun Gap Industrial School in 1903 to serve the children of the isolated and poverty-stricken community of Rabun Gap. With $1 and a personal note, Ritchie bought a hilltop for the school. Construction began on the two-story main building, designed by Atlanta architect Haralson Bleckley (son of Rabun County native Logan Bleckley), with pledges of cash support and manual labor. The school was open to both boys and girls.
Donations to the school declined during the World War I period (1917–18), but Ritchie traveled to Boston, Massachusetts, and New York City to solicit funding. He had a unique plan for expansion and development called the Farm Family Settlement Program. Whole families would live at Rabun Gap, with the men learning agriculture, the women studying homemaking and health care, and the children continuing with regular studies. The Carnegie Foundation, the John D. Rockefeller family, and other northern philanthropists provided generous support for his idea. However, it was Ernest Woodruff, of the Coca-Cola Company and Trust Company of Georgia, who proved to be the bedrock supporter of Rabun Gap. According to school legend, Ritchie went door to door in Atlanta's Inman Park neighborhood asking for donations; at the Woodruff home, Emily Winship, Woodruff's wife, contributed money from her household fund and urged her husband to help. (Over time, several members of the Woodruff family, as well as the Robert W. Woodruff Foundation, have made donations to the school.) With additional support from the United Daughters of the Confederacy, the school expanded with more acreage and the construction of farmhouses and barns. The farm family program remained successful until the 1970s, when textile manufacturing became key in Rabun County.
After a 1926 stove fire destroyed the school, Rabun Gap merged in 1927 with the Nacoochee Institute, founded in 1903 and formerly located in Sautee, Georgia. Headed by the Reverend John Knox Coit, the Nacoochee Institute was a boarding school for boys and girls as well as a public school for the students of White County. Six weeks after Rabun Gap's fire, the schoolhouse of the Nacoochee Institute burned as well. In September 1928 the Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School opened at Rabun Gap with a new school building. Ritchie served as president and Coit as co-president.
In 1927 the new school established a covenant with the Presbyterian Church (later PCUSA), a relationship that still exists. In 1934 Ritchie and members of the board of trustees added two years of junior college to the Rabun Gap curriculum. Training teachers for the county was a main goal, and courses were patterned after those offered at the University of Georgia. World War II (1941–45) brought an end to the junior college program, as the war siphoned off enrollment.
The end of the 1930s brought numerous changes in leadership for Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School. Following the retirement of Ritchie and Coit, George Bellingrath served as president from 1939 to 1948. O.C. Skinner, former industrial manager of the Berry School in Rome, Georgia (founded by educator Martha Berry), was president from 1949 to 1956. Several buildings were added during Skinner's tenure, including the Addie Corn Ritchie Dining Hall, the Emily and Ernest Woodruff Chapel wing of Hodgson Hall, the Annie Lee Jones Library wing of Hodgson Hall, and the Arthur W. Smith Industrial Shop. From 1956 to 1984 Karl K. Anderson served as president. Under his leadership, the Andrew Jackson Ritchie Gymnasium, the O.C. Skinner Natatorium, and four dormitory residence halls named for George Woodruff (son of Ernest), Irene Woodruff (wife of George), Ernest Woodruff, and Karl Anderson were built. Financial support also came from the Rabun Gap-Nacoochee guilds of Athens and Atlanta, the Rabun Gap-Nacoochee Club of Atlanta, and the Presbyterian Church.
In 1966 students in the English class started writing and publishing Foxfire, a quarterly magazine with articles based on their interviews with residents about Appalachian culture. It was a project initiated by the teacher Eliot Wigginton to engage students in learning to use proper English. It gained national attention after a collection of articles was published in book form in 1972 and became a surprise bestseller. The magazine and book (followed by more) aroused people's interest in traditional crafts and skills at a time when some people were trying to live more simply.
Having partly functioned as a public school for students in the north end of Rabun County, Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School became fully private in the fall of 1977, as Rabun County consolidated its public high schools. Struggling financially with the loss of public monies, the school suffered from less stable enrollment and the need to reconnect with its core strengths from the past. Anderson retired as president in 1984, and his successors were the Reverend Bruce Dodd (1984–92), Robert Johnston (1992–96), and Gregory Zeigler (1996–2004). They moved to create a college-preparatory curriculum and enforce more rigorous admissions standards. A building program, funded in part by a bequest of George Woodruff, resulted in the Morris Brown Science Building, the Arts and Technology Building, a new library, and athletic fields. From 2004 until 2011, John Marshall was the head of Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School. The school gained ground in a host of important areas, including enrollment, student support services, competitive athletics, alumni relations, board development, annual giving growth, and facilities and grounds upkeep. Dr. Anthony Sgro served as Head of the School from 2011 to 2019. Under his leadership, the School opened the Evelyne Sheats Lower School and expanded to serving students of all ages, from Pre–K to 12th grade. Dr. Sgro also helped grow Rabun Gap's international student population increase to represent 50 countries.
Jeff Miles became the eleventh Head of the School in 2019. He came to Rabun Gap after serving almost two decades at Christ School in Arden, NC. At Christ School, Miles worked in administration as Assistant Head of School and has extensive experience in student life, communications, teaching, and coaching.
The Rabun Gap motto of "Work, Study, Worship" is still dominant. Today, a small number of students are the first generation in their families to attend college. Over 75% of students receive some form of financial aid. Enrollment averages 600, with more than 60% boarding students in the Upper School. The School continues its historic commitment to financial aid, allocating over $3.5 million annually through the advent of Georgia's tax credit program coupled with the generosity of the school's constituencies and endowment interest.
Student life
Rabun Gap is one of few schools in the United States that offer a cirque program. Started in 2001 by award-winning theater director Larry Smith, cirque is now part of the curriculum. Cirque combines theatre performance, acrobatics, and dance. They have an impressive array of apparatuses, including trapeze, German wheel, aerial silks, aerial hoop, Spanish web, triple trapeze, and aerial cube. Each spring, the school puts on a cirque performance and packs the Rearden Theater for sold-out performances.
The school also has a climbing wall, and a private lake (Indian Lake) for water activities.
Ongoing events at Rabun Gap include MAD Fest (the annual talent show and contest) and annual sporting events.
Rabun Gap has seven dorms: one middle school and junior girls' dorm (George), one exclusive senior dorm (Jane), three high school boys dorms (one of which is shared with middle school boys) (Bellingrath, Ernest, Irene), one freshman girls' dorm (Anderson), and one sophomore-junior girls' dorm (Coit).
Further reading
Rabun Gap – Nacoochee School: Our Mission, Our Heritage, 1903-2003 (Rabun Gap, Ga.: privately printed, 2002).
Andrew Jackson Ritchie, Sketches of Rabun County History, 1819-1948 (n.p., 1948).
Frances Patton Statham, Mountain Legacy: A Story of Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School with Emphasis on the Junior College Years (Atlanta: Cherokee, 1999).
Patsy Wilson, A Time to Sow: RG-NS, a Planting for the Lord: A 75-Year History of Rabun Gap – Nacoochee School (Rabun Gap, Ga.: privately printed, 1978).
References
The New Georgia Encyclopedia grants permission, under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license, for the use of our article "Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School" in Wikipedia.
External links
Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School website
Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School Facebook page
Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School Library Facebook page
iRGNS: official app for iPhone/iPad/iPod Touch
Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School alumni homepage
The Association of Boarding Schools profile
Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School historical marker
Memorial Lands and Cottages historical marker
Schools in Rabun County, Georgia
Private high schools in Georgia (U.S. state)
Private middle schools in Georgia (U.S. state)
Educational institutions established in 1903
1903 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
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Jack Charles Barley (4 December 1887 – 26 October 1956) was an English cricketer and a British Colonial Service administrator. A right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper, he played four first-class matches, all for different teams. He scored 12 runs in eight innings and made five dismissals: one stumping and four catches.
Cricket career
His debut came for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1908; he had a quiet match, taking only one catch and scoring 0 and 1 with the bat. The following year he played for HDG Leveson-Gower's XI against Oxford University, for Worcestershire against the same opposition, and finally for Oxford University against Surrey.
Barley has one minor claim to fame: he shared in Worcestershire's record eleventh-wicket partnership – albeit one of just 9 – with Maurice Jewell in their 12-a-side match against Oxford University.
Colonial administrator
He joined the administration of the British Western Pacific Territories after leaving Oxford University in 1911. Barley was appointed to work in the civil service in the Solomon Islands, as District Officer at Tulagi, before succeeding Arthur Grimble as the British Resident Commissioner in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands from 18 October 1933. Barley's tenure ended officially in December 1941 following the Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands, however Ronald Garvey had replaced him as Acting Resident Commissioner from 1938 to 1939.
Then Cyril George Fox Cartwright was acting Resident Commissioner until Vivian Fox-Strangways took up his appointment as Resident Commissioner.
Barley died at Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia on 26 October 1956.
References
External links
Jack Barley at ESPNcricinfo
Jack Barley at CricketArchive
1887 births
1956 deaths
People from Eton, Berkshire
People educated at Tonbridge School
Alumni of St John's College, Oxford
English cricketers
Sussex cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
Oxford University cricketers
British Solomon Islands people
Governors of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands
H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI cricketers
Wicket-keepers
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Czech declension is a complex system of grammatically determined modifications of nouns, adjectives, pronouns and numerals in Czech, one of the Slavic languages. Czech has seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative and instrumental, partly inherited from Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Slavic. Some forms of words match in more than one place in each paradigm.
Nouns
There are 14 paradigms of noun declension. The paradigm of nominal declension depends on the gender and the ending in the nominative of the noun.
In Czech the letters d, h, ch, k, n, r and t are considered 'hard' consonants and č, ř, š, ž, c, j, ď, ť, and ň are considered 'soft'. Others are ambiguous, so nouns ending in b, f, l, m, p, s, v and z may take either form.
For nouns in which the stem ends with a consonant group, a floating e is usually inserted between the last two consonants in cases with no ending. Examples:
zámek (N sg, A sg), zámku (G sg, D sg, V sg, L sg), zámkem (I sg), etc. (chateau; lock) – paradigm hrad
karta (N sg), ..., karet (G pl) (card) – paradigm žena
Consonant or vowel alternations in the word-stem are also obvious in some cases, e.g. zámek (N sg) → zámcích (L pl), Věra (N sg) → Věře (D sg), kniha (N sg) → knize (D sg), moucha (N sg) → mouše (D sg), hoch (N sg) → hoši (N pl), kluk (N sg) → kluci (N pl), bůh (N sg) → bozích (L pl), kolega (N sg) → kolezích (L pl), moucha (N sg) → much (G pl), smlouva (N sg) → smluv (G pl), díra (N sg) → děr (G pl), víra (N sg) → věr (G pl), kráva (N sg) → krav (G pl), dvůr (N sg) → dvora (G sg), hnůj (N sg) → hnoje (G sg), sůl (N sg) → soli (G sg), lest (N sg) → lsti (G sg), čest (N sg) → cti (G sg), křest (N sg) → křtu (G sg), mistr (N sg) → mistře (V sg), švec (N sg) → ševce (G sg). See Czech phonology for more details.
Masculine animate
pán – sir, lord; kluk – boy; host – guest; manžel – husband; muž – man; kůň – horse; učitel – teacher; otec – father; předseda – chairman; turista – tourist; cyklista – cyclist; kolega – colleague; soudce – judge; mluvčí -speaker, spokesman
Masculine inanimate
hrad – castle; les – forest; zámek – chateau, lock; stroj – machine
Latin words ending -us are declined according to the paradigm pán (animate) or hrad (inanimate) as if there were no -us ending in the nominative: Brutus, Bruta, Brutovi, Bruta, Brute, Brutovi, Brutem
Feminine žena – woman; škola – school; husa – goose; ulice – street; růže – rose; píseň – song; postel – bed; dveře – door; kost – bone; ves – village Neuter město – town; jablko – apple; moře – sea; letiště – airport; kuře – chicken; stavení – building, house; Latin words ending -um are declined according to the paradigm město: muzeum, muzea, muzeu, muzeum ...Irregular nouns
The parts of the body have irregular, originally dual, declension, especially in the plural forms, but only when used to refer to the parts of the body and not in metaphorical contexts. For example, when "noha" (leg) is used to refer to the part of the body, it declines as below, but when used to refer to a leg on a chair or table, it declines regularly (according to žena).oko – eye, ucho – ear, rameno – shoulder, koleno – knee, ruka – hand/arm, noha – foot/leg.bůh – god, člověk – person, lidé – people, obyvatel – resident, přítel – friendSubmodels of feminine declensiondcera – daughter, ulice – streetSubmodels of neuter declensionvejce – egg, letiště – airportOther cases of special inflectionloket – elbow, dvůr – courtyard, čest – honour, zeď – wall, loď – boat Adjective
Adjective declension varies according to the gender of the noun which they are related to:mladý muž (male) – young manmladá žena (female) – young womanmladé víno (neuter) – new wine, mustum
Hard declension mladý – young Soft declension jarní – spring, vernal Possessive adjectives
Possessive adjectives are formed from animate singular nouns (masculine and feminine):
otec (father) -> otcův (father's)
matka (mother) -> matčin (mother's)
Examples:otcův dům – father's housematčino auto – mother's car
Possessive adjectives are often used in the names of streets, squares, buildings, etc.:Neruda -> Nerudova ulice (Neruda street)
but:Jan Neruda -> ulice Jana Nerudy (noun genitive)partyzáni (partisans, guerilla) -> ulice PartyzánůComparisons
The comparative is formed by the suffix -ejší, -ější, -ší, or -í (there is no simple rule which suffix should be used).
The superlative is formed by adding the prefix nej- to the comparative.
Examples:krásný – krásnější – nejkrásnější (beautiful – more beautiful – the most beautiful)hladký – hladší – nejhladší (smooth – smoother – the smoothest)tenký – tenčí – nejtenčí (slim – slimmer – the slimmest)snadný – snazší, snadnější – nejsnazší, nejsnadnější (easy – easier – the easiest)zadní – zazší, zadnější – nejzazší, nejzadnější (posterior – more posterior – the most posterior)úzký – užší – nejužší (narrow – narrower – the narrowest)měkký – měkčí – nejměkčí (soft – softer – the softest)
The comparative and the superlative can be also formed by the words více (more)/méně (less) and nejvíce (most)/nejméně (least):spokojený – více/méně spokojený – nejvíce/nejméně spokojený (satisfied – more/less satisfied – the most/least satisfied)
Irregular comparisons:dobrý – lepší – nejlepší (good – better – the best)zlý/špatný – horší – nejhorší (ill/bad – worse – the worst)velký – větší – největší (big – bigger – the biggest)malý – menší – nejmenší (small/little – smaller/less – the smallest/least)dlouhý – delší – nejdelší (long – longer – the longest)svatý – světější – nejsvětější (holy – holier – the holiest)bílý – bělejší – nejbělejší (white – whiter – the whitest)
Short forms
There are also short forms in some adjectives. They are used in the nominative and are regarded as literary in the contemporary language. They are related to active and passive participles. (See Czech verb)
Example:On je ještě příliš mlád. = On je ještě příliš mladý. (He is still too young.)Rád is used in a short form only: Jsem rád, že jste přišli. (I am glad that you came.)
Pronouns
Pronoun declension is complicated, some are declined according to adjective paradigms, some are irregular.
Personal pronouns
In some singular cases, short forms of pronouns are possible, which are clitics. They cannot be used with prepositions. They are unstressed, therefore they cannot be the first words in sentences. Usually they appear in second place in a sentence or clause, obeying Wackernagel's Law. Examples:Nedávej mi to. Don't give it to me.Mně to nedávej. Don't give it to me. (emphasizing mně)Přijď ke mně. Come to me.
In 3rd person (singular and plural) j-forms are used without prepositions, n-forms are used after prepositions:Ukaž mu to. or Ukaž to jemu. (emphasizing jemu) Show it to him.Přišla k němu. She came to him.
Accusative forms jej (on), je, ně (ono) are usually regarded as archaic.
They: oni – masculine animate gender, ony – masculine inanimate and feminine genders, ona – neuter gender
Reflexive personal pronoun
Reflexive personal pronoun is used when the object is identical to the subject. It has no nominative form and it is the same for all persons and numbers. It is translated into English as myself, yourself, himself, etc.
Example:Vidím se (sebe) v zrcadle. I see myself in the mirror.
Short form se and si are again clitics; often they are a part of reflexive verbs and as such are not usually translated into English explicitly:Posaď se./Sedni si. Sit down.
Possessive pronouns
Můj – my
Tvůj – your
Jeho – his, its
This pronoun is indeclinable.
Její – her
Náš – our
Váš – your
Jejich – their
This pronoun is indeclinable.
Reflexive possessive pronoun
The reflexive possessive pronoun is used when the possessor is also the subject (my own, your own, etc.). It is identical for all persons.
Examples:Vidím svého otce. I see my father.Vidíš svého otce. You see your father.
Compare:On vidí svého otce. He sees his father. (his own father)On vidí jeho otce. He sees his father. (the father of someone else)
Demonstrative pronouns
Ten – the, this, that
Tenhle, tahle, tohle/tento, tato, toto (this) and tamten, tamta, tamto (that) are declined as ten + to (tento, tohoto, tomuto ...), resp. tam + ten (tamten, tamtoho, tamtomu ...).Onen, ona, ono (that – not to be confused with personal pronouns) is declined as ten (onen, onoho, onomu ...).
To is often used as personal pronoun instead of ono (it):Dej mi to. Give it to me."To je/jsou" means "this is/these are" and is used for all genders and both numbers:To je můj přítel. This is my friend. (Přítel is masculine.)To jsou mí přátelé. These are my friends.
Interrogative and relative pronouns
Kdo – who
Co – what
Který – which, who
declined as mladýJaký – what, what kind, what type
declined as mladýCompare:Co je to? What is it/this?Jaké je to? What is it like, what kind is it, what type is it?
Čí – whose
declined as jarníJenž – which, who
Jenž is not an interrogative pronoun, it is equivalent to který (as a relative pronoun):Vidím muže, který/jenž právě přichází. I can see a man who is just coming.
Indefinite and negative pronouns
někdo, kdos(i) (old) – somebody, someone
nikdo – nobody, no one
kdokoli(v) – anyone
leckdo(s), leda(s)kdo, kdekdo – many people, frequently/commonly someone
declined like kdo (někdo, někoho, někomu, …; nikdo, nikoho, nikomu, …; kdokoli, kohokoli, komukoli, …; leckdo, leckoho, leckomu, …)
něco – something
nic – nothing
cokoli(v) – anything
lecco(s), ledaco(s), leda(s)co, kdeco – many things, frequently/commonly something
declined like co (něco, něčeho, něčemu, …; nic, ničeho, ničemu, …; cokoli, čehokoli, čemukoli, …; lecos, lecčeho, lecčemu, …)
někde – somewhere
nikde – nowhere
kdekoli(v) – anywhere
všude – everywhere; less frequently: any path/direction/trajectory
leckde, leda(s)kde – on many/frequent/common places, wherever
někudy, kudysi (old) – some path/direction/trajectory
nikudy – no path/direction/trajectory
kdekudy – any path/direction/trajectory
odněkud, odkudsi (old) – from somewhere
odnikud – from nowhere
odevšad – from everywhere/every direction/every angle
kdesi (old) – somewhere more specific
not declined
všelijak – in all ways
nějak, jaksi (old) – somehow (colloquial tak nějak – in a way, somewhat, quite, rather)
nijak, nikterak (old) – in no way
jakkoli(v), kdejak (old) – in any way, anyhow
not declined
každý – each, each one
nějaký – some, one, a(n)
některý – some, particular, selected (little more specific than nějaký)
kterýsi (old), jakýsi (old) – some, someone (more specific)
žádný – none, no (as in "no man has ever been there")
nijaký – no whatsoever; of no properties (specifically)
jakýkoli(v), kterýkoli – any
lecjaký, leda(s)jaký, kdejaký, kdekterý – frequently/commonly some, whichever
všelijaký – getting many forms, various
veškerý – entire, total, all
declined like mladýněčí, čísi (old) – belonging to someone or something
ničí – belonging to no one or nothing
číkoli – belonging to any one or anything
lecčí, leda(s)čí, kdečí – belonging to many or frequent/common number of owners, whosever
declined like jarníExample: –„Tam se asi nikdo nedostane.‟ –„Ne, tam přijímají ledaskoho. Leckdy i se špatnými známkami. Skoro každý se tam dostane, ať už jakkoli, ale ne jen tak kdokoli dokončí studia.‟ (–"I guess no one gets there." –"No, they admit many people there. In many cases/frequently/commonly even with bad marks. Almost everyone gets there, no matter how, but not just anyone will finish the studies.")
Czech grammar allows more than one negative word to exist in a sentence. For example: „Tady nikde nikdy nikdo nijak odnikud nikam nepostoupí.‟, standing for: "Anywhere around here, no one will ever progress from any place anywhere in any way." (literally, word by word: "Here nowhere never nobody no way anywhence anywhere won't progress."), uses six negatives in adverbs and pronouns and one at verb while still being grammatically correct. It uses negative form in questions, expressing doubts, wishes, asking for favours, etc. like, for example: „Neměl bys být už ve škole?!‟ ("Shouldn't you be at school already?!"); „Neměl byste na mě pár minut čas?‟ ("Wouldn't you have few minutes of Your time for me?"); „Nemáš náhodou papír a tužku?‟ ("Don't you, by chance, happen to have a paper and some pencil?"); „Přišel jsem se tě zeptat, jestli bychom si nemohli vyměnit směny.‟ ("I came to ask if we could not swap our shifts.")
Prepositions with certain cases
Czech prepositions are matched with certain cases of nouns. They are usually not matched with the nominative case, which is primarily used as the subject in sentences. However, there are some exceptions to this rule: foreign prepositions (kontra, versus, etc.) are matched with the nominative, but their use is very rare. No prepositions are matched with the vocative, because it is used for addressing people only.
Genitive:
během – during, while, through the course of (e.g. během prázdnin – during the holidays)
bez – without (e.g. bez dcerky neodejdu – I won't go without my daughter)
do – in; to (e.g. dej to do krabice – put it in a box; jít do bytu – to go into a flat); until (e.g. čekat do tří – to wait until 3:00)
kolem – around (e.g. chodil kolem rybníka – he was walking around the pond)
krom(ě), vedle – except, besides (e.g. kromě něj tam byla i ona – besides him, she was there too)
(na)místo – instead of (e.g. místo tebe hrál náhradník – a substitute played instead of you)
od – from, since, as of (e.g. od listopadu jsem volný – I'm free from/as of November; dopis od mé matky – a letter from my mother)
ohledně – regarding
okolo – about, around, circa/roughly (e.g. tráva okolo studny – grass around the well; bylo jich okolo stovky – there were about 100 of them)
podél – along
(po)dle – according to (e.g. podle normy – according to norm)
pomocí – with the help of; using (e.g. pomocí klacku ho dostali z bažiny – with a help of a stick they got him out of a marsh)
prostřednictvím – through; with a help/device/instrument of; utilizing; using … as intermediate/liaison
s – from higher place to lower (obsolete) (e.g. sebral hračku s poličky – he took the toy from the shelf)
stran – from the point of view of; because of; regarding (rare)
u – by, next to, at (e.g. vchod u rohu – entrance at the corner; u stolu – at/around the table, jsem u tebe – I'm at your house)
vedle – next to, besides (e.g. na té fotce stojí Lucie vedle Moniky – in the photo, Lucie is standing next to Monika)
vlivem – due to, because of, for, through the influence of (e.g. vlivem bouřky jsme se nemohli dívat na televizi – because of the storm we couldn't watch TV)
vyjma – except for, excluding (e.g. vyjma tebe všichni souhlasí – everyone agrees except for you; less frequent)
využitím – using (e.g. využitím slevy si to mohla koupit – using a discount, she was able to buy it)
z – from, out of (e.g. kouř z komínu – smoke out of a chimney)
Dative:
díky – thanks to (e.g. díky němu máme naše peníze zpět – thanks to him, we have our money back), note: used only if the cause is positive or beneficial, otherwise kvůli or vlivem is used
k – to(wards) (e.g. jedeme k jezeru – we're going to(wards) the lake, jdu k tobě – i'm coming to your house; přijedeme ke konci července – we are going to come towards the end of July)
kvůli – due to, because of, for, through the influence of (e.g. udělej to kvůli mě – do it for me; udělal to kvůli mě – he did it because of me)
(na)proti – against, opposite to (e.g. je proti tobě – (s) he's against you; je to naproti lékárně – it's opposite to the pharmacy)
oproti – opposite to, unlike, to the contrary to (e.g. oproti teoriím věřím faktům – unlike the theories, I believe the facts)
vůči – in the face of, toward(s) (e.g laskavost vůči někomu – kindness towards someone; porovnej to vůči originálu – compare it with the original)
Accusative:
pro – for (e.g. udělal to pro mě – he did/made it for me)
za – for (less frequent); instead of; behind (direction); per (e.g. za vlast – for the country; 1 porce za 5 korun – 1 portion for 5 crowns; vyměnil ji za mladší – he switched her for a younger one; běhala za plot – she ran behind a fence)
před – in front of (direction) (e.g. vyvěs to před dům – (go) hang it in front of the house)
mimo – aside from, besides, off, out of, parallel to (place) (e.g. mimo Prahu – outside of Prague; mimo terč – off the bullet; mimo provoz – out of order; mimo – out/miss/no hit; mimo jiné – besides other things)
na – (on)to (direction) (e.g. dej to na stůl – put it on the table; na vánoce zůstaneme doma – at Christmas we will stay at home)
pod – under, below (direction)
nad – over, above (direction) (e.g. dej ten kříž nade dveře – put the cross above the door; nad tebe není – no one is better than you)
mezi – between, among (direction) (e.g. dali ho mezi ostatní – they put him among the others)
skrz – through (e.g. šíp prošel skrze jablko – the arrow went through the apple; jsem tu skrz tu stížnost – I'm here regarding the complaint)
o – by, for (e.g. zvýšit o 1 – increase by one; zápas o 3. místo – match for the 3rd place)
v – in (e.g. věřit v boha – to believe in God)
Locative:
o – about, of (e.g. mluvit o ní – to talk about her)
na – on (e.g. skvrna na sukni – stain on a skirt)
v – in (e.g. ruka v rukávu – arm in a sleeve)
po – after (e.g. po obědě – after lunch; jdu po čáře – I walk the line)
při – by; during (e.g. při obřadu – during the ceremonial; stůj při mně – stand by me/be my support)
Instrumental:
s – with (e.g. s tebou – with you)
za – behind, beyond, after (place), in/after (time); (e.g. stát za rohem – to stand behind the corner; kdo za tím je? – who's behind (it)?/what's the meritum?; za horizontem – beyond the horizon)
před – in front of (place); before; ago; from; against (e.g. přímo před tebou – right in front of you; před mnoha lety – many years ago; uniknout před pronásledovateli – to escape from pursuers; varovat před ním – to warn against him)
pod – under(neath), below (place) (e.g. pod stolem spí pes – a dog is sleeping under the table)
nad – over, above (place)
mezi – between, among (place) (e.g. mezi póly – between poles; mezi kuřaty – among chicken)
Plural forms
Like other Slavic languages, Czech distinguishes two different plural forms in the nominative case. For numbers 2 to 4 or in cases where the quantity of the plural noun is not defined in any way, the nominative plural form is used. For higher numbers or when used with a quantifying adjective, the genitive form is used, and any following verb will be neuter singular. This declension applies to nouns and adjectives.
(dlouhý – long, hodina – hour, pár – a few; a pair)
Gender and number of compound phrases
In the case of a compound noun phrase (coordinate structure), of the form "X and Y", "X, Y and Z", etc., the following rules for gender and number apply:
When any of the components is masculine animate, the whole compound is masculine animate plural.
If every component is neuter plural, the whole compound is neuter plural.
In other cases (no masculine animate component, and at least one component which is not neuter plural), the whole compound is feminine/masculine inanimate plural (the feminine and the masculine inanimate forms of verbs and adjectives are identical in the plural).
However:
If the verb precedes the compound subject, it may agree either with the subject as a whole (according to the above rules) or with the first component of the subject.
When the compound is formed using s ("with") rather than a ("and"), the verb or predicate may agree with the first component (the part before s) or with the subject as a whole (according to the above rules).
When coordinated adjectives are applied to a singular noun (as in česká a německá strana, "the Czech and German sides", literally "side"), the whole may be treated as either singular or plural (but singular is preferred in the case of abstract nouns).
For further description (in Czech) and example sentences, see the Institute of the Czech Language source listed below.
Sources
KARLÍK, P.; NEKULA, M.; RUSÍNOVÁ, Z. (eds.). Příruční mluvnice češtiny. Praha: Nakladelství Lidové noviny, 1995. .
ŠAUR, Vladimír. Pravidla českého pravopisu s výkladem mluvnice.'' Praha: Ottovo nakladatelství, 2004. .
Shoda přísudku s podmětem několikanásobným, on the website of the Institute of the Czech Language of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
See also
Czech conjugation
Czech language
Czech alphabet
Czech name
Czech orthography
Declension
Czech grammar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech%20declension
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James "Jimmy" McNulty is a fictional character and the protagonist of the HBO drama The Wire, played by Dominic West.
McNulty is an Irish-American detective in the Baltimore Police Department. While talented in his profession, McNulty's conceited belief that he is more intelligent than his peers and his willingness to ignore the chain of command in pursuit of his own investigative projects mean that he regularly incurs the wrath of his superiors.
When off the job, he has frequent problems involving alcoholism, alimony, child support, cheating and sexual promiscuity, and unstable relationships. He is central to many of the successful high-end drug investigations that take place within the series.
McNulty is loosely based on Ed Burns, co-writer of the series.
Casting
British actor Ray Winstone was originally considered for the part. After the September 11 attacks in 2001, Winstone had difficulty returning to Britain for several weeks due to the subsequent grounding of flights, and dropped out of consideration once he was finally able to return home. Series creator David Simon next considered American actor John C. Reilly, but he declined because his wife did not wish to move to Baltimore.
For his audition tape, West was asked to record a scene between McNulty and his partner, Bunk Moreland. With only a day to record, and no one suitable to record with, he recorded himself reading his own dialogue and left gaps of silence for Moreland's dialogue, reacting appropriately. Simon described watching the tape with casting director Alexa L. Fogel: "We fell around the room laughing, like, 'What the...?
Despite the unusual tape, and West's dubious American accent, Simon found his ability to react to non-existent dialogue impressive. Fogel described West as "too young" and "too attractive" to play the character, but found that he understood McNulty's psychology. She took West to do a reading for Chris Albrecht, then the president of HBO Original Programming, who had final say on the casting. Albrecht assented, but told Fogel "You better be right."
Character storyline
Of Irish Catholic descent, McNulty grew up in the Lauraville neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland. His father was an employee for Bethlehem Steel before being laid off in 1973. After a year of attending Loyola College in Maryland (now Loyola University Maryland), McNulty joined the Baltimore Police Department [EOD (Entrance on Duty) date April 5, 1994] when his girlfriend Elena (whom he later married on August 3, 1999) became pregnant.
He has two sons with Elena: Sean James (born on June 22, 1992), and Michael Barnes (born on November 3, 1993). In his first few years on the job, he proved himself as an effective patrolman in the Western District, under the command of Major Howard "Bunny" Colvin. McNulty spent four years in patrol at the Western District before becoming a detective and spending two years in the Escapes and Apprehensions Unit. After assisting Ray Cole in solving a homicide, McNulty was moved up to the Homicide Unit, where he was partnered with Bunk Moreland.
Season 1
Before the start of the series, McNulty has noticed that drug kingpin Avon Barksdale is expanding his organization's territory, and that his gang has successfully beaten several murder prosecutions. After Avon's nephew D'Angelo is acquitted thanks to witness tampering, McNulty goes over the head of his superior, Major Bill Rawls, and convinces Judge Phelan to call Deputy Commissioner Ervin Burrell to encourage further investigation of the Barksdales.
Because of McNulty's efforts, the Barksdale detail is officially formed. It initially comprises narcotics lieutenant Cedric Daniels and his three detectives: Kima Greggs, Ellis Carver, and Thomas "Herc" Hauk. When Burrell asks his majors and shift lieutenants to send additional detectives for the investigative detail, McNulty is also assigned to the unit.
Daniels and McNulty argue about how to handle the case at their first meeting: McNulty, after seeing an FBI drug sting, suggests surveillance and wiretaps, but Burrell has ordered Daniels to put together a quick and simple case to appease Phelan. Soon after the investigation begins, McNulty learns from his friend in the FBI, Terence "Fitz" Fitzhugh, that Daniels had been investigated for having a suspiciously large amount of liquid assets. McNulty's relationship with Daniels continues to be complicated by their mutual distrust.
The detail is assigned as a prosecutor Assistant State's Attorney Rhonda Pearlman ("Ronnie"), with whom McNulty is having a casual sexual relationship. McNulty is officially separated from his wife, who limits his contact with his two sons, Sean and Michael.
While at the market with his sons one afternoon, McNulty spots Stringer Bell, Avon Barksdale's second-in-command, and sends his sons to tail him and get his license plate number. When Elena finds out, she seeks an emergency order to stop McNulty from seeing the boys. She is also angry that McNulty continues to see his affair partner, Ronnie Pearlman, casually.
Working on the Barksdale detail, McNulty becomes friends with Lester Freamon, who had previously been exiled to the pawn shop unit for 13 years and four months, as punishment for his insistence on charging a politically connected fence. Freamon often tries to temper McNulty's animosity towards Daniels. Frustrated that Barksdale's dealers do not use cell phones, they decide to clone the dealers' pagers instead. They also work together to convince Daniels to allow them to do better police work.
With the help of Kima, McNulty tracks down the elusive outlaw Omar Little, and gains Omar's respect and cooperation. Omar agrees to testify against Marquis "Bird" Hilton, a Barksdale soldier. His assistance also leads to McNulty's inadvertently solving one of Michael Santangelo's old cases; the grateful Santangelo in turn reveals that he is a mole for Rawls, who is looking for an excuse to fire McNulty.
Kima introduces McNulty to her confidential informant, Bubbles. When Kima is shot in a buy-bust sting operation gone wrong, McNulty is guilt-ridden, although even Rawls assures him that the shooting is not his fault.
McNulty has a frank discussion with Daniels in which he admits that the Barksdale case is no more than an exercise in intellectual vanity and an opportunity to demonstrate the BPD's shortcomings. Daniels tells him that everyone has known this all along, but the case has taken on meaning for those involved.
The detail succeeds in arresting Barksdale soldier Wee-Bey Brice for shooting Kima, Bird for murdering a state's witness, and both D'Angelo and Avon Barksdale. McNulty almost convinces D'Angelo to testify against Avon but at his mother's insistence, D'Angelo takes a 20-year prison sentence instead. When the Barksdale detail closes, Rawls reassigns McNulty to the marine unit, having learned from Sergeant Jay Landsman that this is precisely the BPD unit where McNulty would most hate to go due to seasickness.
Season 2
While on harbor patrol, McNulty spots the body of a dead woman in the water. When Rawls argues the case is not in his jurisdiction, McNulty spends three hours poring over wind and tide charts to prove the death occurred within city limits.
When port authority police officer Beadie Russell finds 13 dead women in a shipping container on the Baltimore docks, McNulty again intervenes and, with the help of the medical examiner, proves that the deaths were not accidental: the air pipe to the container was deliberately closed off, and, with the help of a mining engineer, the investigators are able to prove that the ship was within the city limits when it happened. The case is given to Bunk and Lester, who don't look forward to investigating these difficult cases. This also angers Rawls because 13 unsolved murders (14 including the dead woman in the bay) ruins Homicide's clearance rate.
McNulty unsuccessfully searches for the identity of the floater. He also finds himself under pressure from Bunk to find Omar, since Bird is about to go on trial. McNulty coerces Bubbles into tracking down Omar, who successfully testifies against Bird who is convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison.
Meanwhile, McNulty wants to salvage his marriage, leading him to sign a separation agreement with generous alimony as a gesture of good will towards his estranged wife so she will agree to get back together. He resolves to give up alcohol and detective work, two of the main reasons for the breakup of his marriage. When Elena confirms the marriage is over, he grows despondent and relapses.
When Daniels's unit is re-formed to investigate stevedore union boss Frank Sobotka, Rawls refuses to allow McNulty to rejoin the team, vowing he will remain working in the harbor for the rest of his career. McNulty seems to accept this with good grace but tries to help the detail unofficially. Daniels persuades Rawls to let McNulty return by agreeing to have his team take on the murders of the 14 women.
McNulty's first assignment is to go undercover as a client visiting a local brothel, where he scandalizes and amuses his colleagues by actually having sex with two prostitutes during the sting operation. He also flirts with Russell, who has been assigned to Daniels' detail, although he seems to shy away from a relationship.
While on surveillance, McNulty watches Spiros Vondas, an associate of an underworld figure known as The Greek, sending a text message. McNulty reasons that the time and location of the text could be used to retrieve it from the phone company's databases, and it is from this message that the detail learns the Greek had shut down his operations.
After McNulty learns from Bubbles that Stringer Bell and Barksdale rival Proposition Joe are sharing territory, he begins investigating them on his own time, convinced that he can gather enough evidence to prompt Daniels to focus the Major Crimes Unit's attention on Stringer.
Season 3
McNulty continues to work with the MCU but is disappointed that their target is not Bell. He begins looking into the Barksdales anyway, finding out about D'Angelo's death and Avon's early release.
Investigating D'Angelo's death, which has been listed as a suicide, McNulty quickly realizes that D'Angelo was murdered. McNulty reconnects with Colvin to set up the Barksdale organization as the MCU's primary target. McNulty circumvents the chain of command again to set up the investigation, as Daniels is not interested in the quality of the unit's assigned case targets, blaming his rank in the department for his lack of case target interests. Angered by McNulty's attitude, Daniels makes it clear that he's forcing McNulty out when Stringer is arrested.
McNulty begins a casual sexual relationship with political consultant Theresa D'Agostino but ends it when he realizes that she is only interested in him physically and is pumping him for politically useful information about Colvin. Largely due to Freamon's work, the MCU implicates Stringer, but Stringer is murdered before McNulty can arrest him.
After Avon is arrested, Daniels reevaluates his decision to get rid of McNulty, but McNulty, thinking about something Freamon had remarked about to him earlier in the season, realizes he has no life outside his work and graciously declines Daniels' offer to keep him in the unit. He transfers to patrol in the Western District, which he remembers as the happiest time of his life, and begins a relationship with Russell.
Season 4
McNulty moves in with Russell and her two children, and enjoys his life as a patrolman in the Western District under Ellis Carver. McNulty's beat includes the corner that Bodie Broadus works on behalf of drug kingpin Marlo Stanfield. Both Daniels and Administrative Lieutenant Dennis Mello ask McNulty to do investigative work in the district, but he declines. Mello is disappointed, but Daniels realizes that McNulty has been able to get his life in order while working as a patrolman.
Although other officers make arrests for statistical purposes, McNulty focuses on quality arrests. This is exemplified by the arrest of two burglars who were stealing from churches.
McNulty mentors Brian Baker, a younger patrol officer in the Western District, whom he and Bunk end up referring to as "good police". McNulty also gives up drinking almost entirely, sometimes resolving to stay sober despite pressure from his friends. Bunk and Freamon are amazed and slightly dismayed at how much McNulty has changed, and Elena even expresses regret for having left him.
McNulty soon begins to miss the MCU and quietly begins getting closer to Bodie in the hopes of turning him into an informant against Marlo. After Stanfield lieutenant Monk Metcalf sees Bodie with McNulty, Marlo has Bodie killed as a precaution.
McNulty feels guilty and rejoins the MCU, much to Freamon and Daniels' delight. It is revealed during a scene shortly after Bodie's death that McNulty feels he "owes it to the kid".
Season 5
With the BPD scaled back due to Mayor Tommy Carcetti's budget cuts and the vacant murders unsolved, McNulty is despondent and falls back into old habits. Shortly after being transferred back to Homicide, he visits the morgue, finds two county detectives arguing with the medical examiner, and subsequently learns that pre-mortem and immediate post-mortem strangulations are forensically indistinguishable. He applies what he learns to a probable overdose case he is investigating with Bunk, and tampers with the crime scene to make it seem that a struggle occurred, and over Bunk's protests, McNulty strangles and stages the corpse to make it appear as if a serial killer has come to Baltimore.
McNulty sets out on his ruse in the hopes that such a case will secure more funding for Homicide and the Stanfield investigation. Thus, he doctors case files and plants evidence in order to link cases together to create the impression of a serial killer targeting homeless men.
When Landsman ignores the case, McNulty approaches reporter Alma Gutierrez of The Baltimore Sun, but only succeeds in the story's getting printed in the middle of the paper instead of on the front page. Bunk repeatedly warns McNulty against this self-destructive course; Lester, enormously frustrated because he is close to solving the murders in the vacant houses but lacks funds to complete the task, approves of the endeavor and suggests that they sensationalize the killer to get the funds required to succeed in their crime solving.
When McNulty finds that most dead homeless men are concentrated in the Southern District, Freamon puts him in touch with an old patrol partner there who agrees to tip them off when new bodies are found. Freamon also devises a plan to show maturation in their serial killer's pattern, and acquires dentures to create bite marks on the victims, thus enhancing the media appeal for the story.
While canvassing an area frequented by the local homeless population, McNulty complains that Landsman barely noticed his work on the case, but Freamon reminds him that if their plan works, the case will attract more interest, and sloppiness could be their downfall. Upon returning home, McNulty is confronted by Russell about his drinking and philandering.
Upon finding a new body, McNulty mutilates the corpse to show bite marks and defensive wounds. When investigating the "homeless killer", McNulty and Greggs travel to the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia for assistance. McNulty realizes that he can no longer falsify the murders on real corpses as there is too large a police presence, so he instead takes a mentally ill homeless man off the streets and stages a photograph of a murder to send to Sun reporter Scott Templeton, before taking the man to a homeless shelter in Richmond with fake identification.
McNulty has been voicing the killer in telephone calls to Templeton. After doing the voice analysis, the FBI provides McNulty and Greggs with a psychological profile of the homeless killer, inadvertently giving a near-perfect description of McNulty himself. Having his character flaws spelled out for him gives McNulty second thoughts about what he has done. He confesses his deception to Greggs, who in turn informs Daniels, now the BPD's Deputy Commissioner for Operations. Daniels and Pearlman subsequently meet with Acting Commissioner Rawls, State's Attorney Rupert Bond, and the mayor's office. Daniels and Rawls confront McNulty, informing him that this will be his last CID case.
The case is "solved" when McNulty encounters a mentally ill homeless man who has started using the modus operandi of the phony serial killer. McNulty brings the man to justice, in his final case. McNulty and Freamon then leave the police department and the entire affair is swept under the rug, as revealing it will result in too many people getting into too much trouble, all the way up to the mayor's office and the chief of police.
After attending a detective's wake (for their careers) in their honor, McNulty leaves the bar sober and returns home, where he and Russell have reconciled. The next day, McNulty returns to Richmond, finds the homeless man he had put there, and drives him back to Baltimore. On the way back, he stops his car, gets out, and looks at the city, leading to the series-ending montage.
Critical response and analysis
Jim Shelley of The Guardian found McNulty "irresistibly charming, a classic anti-hero, a modern-day Rockford." Jon Garelick of the Boston Phoenix remarked that McNulty is not precisely the central character despite his actions' starting most of the plotlines, and wrote he preferred other characters to McNulty's “one-dimensional functionality as the Dirty Jimmy of the series”.
James Norton of Flak Magazine commented on how McNulty seems to fit to a standard police character archetype ("He has poor impulse control. He's personally fearless and outspoken, and he bangs babes like a hunchback rings bells...") but ends up subverting the archetype by being self-destructive and “kind of a jerk”.
Dan Kois of Salon described McNulty as "The heart, soul and oft-impaired nervous system of 'The Wire'", characterizing him as a central character. Kois also named McNulty's pride as his main character trait, noting this aspect of his personality made McNulty a successful investigator and a failure in most other aspects of his life.
Gillian Flinn of Entertainment Weekly observed McNulty offered one of the show's most wicked ironies: he is one of the characters you would expect to be on the side of law and order as a police detective but they describe him as a "boozing cop who pisses on authority and order."
Origins
David Simon, the character's creator, has described his goal of presenting McNulty as ambiguous in his motivations. Based on his experiences with real detectives, Simon feels that most crime dramas present their police characters with the falsehood that they care deeply about the victims in the cases they are investigating. Simon states that in his experience, a good detective is usually motivated by the game of solving the crime—he sees the crime as an "insult to his intellectual vanity", and this gives him motivation to solve it.
The character was originally named Jimmy McArdle, but because no one liked the name, executive producer Robert F. Colesberry suggested renaming him Jimmy McNulty (after his maternal grandmother). The McArdle surname was reused for the character of "White Mike" McArdle in season 2.
References
Fictional alcohol abusers
Fictional Baltimore Police Department detectives
Fictional characters from Baltimore
Television characters introduced in 2002
Irish-American culture in Baltimore
The Wire characters
Male characters in television
Fictional Irish American people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20McNulty
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Conrad's Fate is a children's fantasy novel by British author Diana Wynne Jones published by Collins in 2005. It was the sixth published of the seven Chrestomanci books (1977 to 2006).
Conrad is the protagonist, a twelve-year-old boy sent to work at the local castle ("Stallery"), with a magical mission to kill someone who is neither named nor described. Fifteen-year-old Christopher Chant (The Lives of Christopher Chant) applies for work at the same time on a personal mission. They are both hired.
The Chrestomanci books are collectively named for a powerful enchanter and British government official called "the Chrestomanci" in a world parallel to ours, who supervises the use of magic - an office that requires a nine-lifed enchanter and which is responsible for supervising all use of magic in the Related Worlds (worlds that speak English). Conrad's Fate is set perhaps three decades ago in a world quite different from ours, during the adolescence of Christopher Chant, who is Chrestomanci in five of the other books in the series.
Plot summary
Conrad Tesdinic lives in Stallchester, a small town in the English Alps, a mountain range present in Series Seven worlds where the British Isles are still connected to the European mainland. Conrad's father is dead; his sister Anthea has left home to go to university; and his mother, Franconia, is an eccentric feminist author whose books are sold exclusively in her brother's bookshop. She and Conrad live with her brother, Uncle Alfred, over the bookshop.
In the mountains high above Stallchester lies Stallery Mansion, home to the Count and his family. Uncle Alfred tells Conrad that someone up at Stallery Mansion is "pulling the possibilities" – that is, shifting the parameters of the world just a little, in order to benefit themselves to the detriment of the rest of the world. This is later referred to as a "probability shift." From the affluence of Stallery, it is obvious that this person is making a great deal of money by doing so. In the town, only small details change – the colour of the postboxes, the titles of books – but Uncle Alfred is certain that someone at Stallery is reaping far greater benefits from the shifts. Uncle Alfred and his Magician's Circle tell Conrad that he is going to die within the year unless he kills the person pulling the possibilities. This person (unnamed by any) is apparently someone Conrad should have eliminated in a past life. To kill this person and set things right, Conrad will need to infiltrate Stallery Mansion in the guise of a domestic servant, and then summon a Walker. The Walkers are magical beings who come on command and give the caller what they need for their particular situation. Conrad is told that the Walker will give him an item he needs to defeat the nameless foe.
Upon being hired, Conrad soon finds that he is not the only one snooping around the mansion. He befriends his fellow servant-in-training, Christopher "Smith" (really Christopher Chant), who is searching for his friend Millie. Together, they discover that Millie is trapped in a Stallery of an alternate universe, caused by the shifts in probability. Conrad and Christopher must discover who is causing the probability shifts, rescue Millie, and figure out what to do about Conrad's so-called "black Fate," all while dealing with the imperious Mr. Amos, the mansion's butler, and his exacting tasks for trainees.
Millie is eventually freed and brought back to the real Stallery. She and Conrad try to work out what to do next. Gabriel De Witt, the current Chrestomanci and guardian of Millie and Christopher, arrives at the castle at the request of this England's king, hoping to figure out what is causing all the probability shifts.
He reveals that Mr. Amos is actually the Count of Stallery and the person responsible for pulling the possibilities. Mr. Amos is also Conrad's uncle; he bought off his younger brother Hubert (Conrad and Anthea's father) by buying the bookshop for him to run. It is also revealed that the count, countess and others are actually frauds, posing as the aristocracy so that Amos can run Stallery without interference. Uncle Alfred is also exposed as a greedy fraud who had manipulated Conrad merely to get his hands on Stallery's millions. After this is all sorted out, Gabriel takes Millie and Christopher back to their world. Conrad joins them for seven years of magical training.
In the final part of the book, Conrad reveals that he became Christopher's best man at his wedding to Millie and continued living at Chrestomanci Castle for several years. However, he could no longer stay away from his homeworld and returned to be the agent of the Chrestomanci.
Characters
Conrad Tesdinic: Conrad is told to take an alias at Stallery, "Grant", his Uncle Alfred's surname. Christopher suspects this is false, and so calls him "Grant" in a superior and often sarcastic way all throughout the book. Uncle Alfred runs the bookshop in town, and Conrad has grown up as an unpaid assistant in the bookstore. He brings his camera with him to Stallery and makes great use of it.
Christopher Chant: Christopher also has an alias: "Christopher Smith". The character we see here is fifteen, older than in The Lives of Christopher Chant, but younger than in the other Chrestomanci books. He is witty, confident, charming, and he also is quite attached to Millie. Christopher can usually talk his way out of a situation, even though he goes rather vague at times.
Millie: Christopher's friend, formerly the goddess known as the Living Asheth. She becomes lost in the probability shifts at Stallery after running away from boarding school. Christopher's chief reason for coming to Stallery is to find her. When found by Conrad she becomes a maid for a while.
Mr. Amos: The pear-shaped, severe butler of Stallery. He insists on discipline and impeccable dress at all times. Conrad and Christopher cannot help but feel that there is more to his place than he is letting on.
Anthea Tesdinic: Conrad's sister, who left home a few years before the bulk of the story.
Count Robert: The supposed owner of Stallery who ultimately marries Anthea. His real name is Robert Brown.
Awards
Seventh rank for the annual Locus Award, young adult book.
References
External links
2005 British novels
British fantasy novels
Children's fantasy novels
British children's novels
2005 fantasy novels
Chrestomanci books
HarperCollins books
2005 children's books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%27s%20Fate
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Firewalker is a 1986 American action-adventure comedy film starring Chuck Norris, Louis Gossett Jr., Will Sampson in his final feature film role, and Melody Anderson. It was directed by J. Lee Thompson and written by Norman Aladjem, Robert Gosnell and Jeffrey M. Rosenbaum. This was the first comedic role for Norris, giving him a chance to poke fun at his action persona.
Plot
Max Donigan and Leo Porter are two "seasoned" treasure hunters whose adventures rarely result in any notable success. After their latest stint gone wrong, they are recruited by a seemingly psychic woman, Patricia Goodwin, owner of a treasure map. She convinces them that the map leads to a huge stockpile of gold belonging to the "Firewalker." She then says that someone, or thing, else is searching for the map: a red cyclops.
The map leads them to a cave on a local Native American Reservation. Patricia warns them that the cave is home to "old people, sleeping"; they later discover it is a mass grave filled with skeletons. They find a Spanish Conquistador helmet and mural depicting Aztec and Mayan art, with an anachronistic date of 1527. As Leo studies the mural, Max finds a ruby-pommeled dagger hidden inside a skull. They are ambushed inside the cave by a small group of men and Patricia is taken by one of them. After killing their attackers, Max and Leo confront the kidnapper; upon seeing the dagger, he screams and throws himself into a pit.
While discussing the nature of the dagger at a local bar, Max, Leo and Patricia hear from the barkeep about El Coyote: a local that believes himself descended from the Aztecs —and also happens to be a one-eyed man with an eye patch. The barkeep also directs them to Tall Eagle, a local Native American. He tells them that the Firewalker was a powerful being that flew away to walk in the fires of the sun and gives Patricia a small bag of "magic" to protect her. While trying to figure out where to go next, Patricia stabs the dagger into a map, then faints, giving them a location of San Miguel. Max is later drugged by a woman; El Coyote chants while holding a snake as the woman attempts to murder Max. A chanting Tall Eagle causes Patricia to suddenly wake and rush to Max's defense; she and Leo stop the woman from succeeding. They capture her, but she disappears overnight and a snake appears in her cell.
They travel to San Miguel and barter for information. A man named Boggs directs them to a contact in a village named Chajal; Boggs is later seen to have been working for, and is killed by, El Coyote. Dressed as priests and a nun to avoid detection, the trio make it to Chajal and find it completely deserted. Local militia chase them into the jungle on foot; they escape and make camp for the night. They are found in the morning by a friend of Max's: Corky Taylor, leader of a small group of Central American freedom fighters, who provides them with a vehicle to finish their journey. When they stop that night, Leo disappears; Patricia and Max believe him dead when they find blood and his glasses by the alligator-infested river.
The next morning, Patricia and Max find the temple they have been searching for. Inside, they find Leo alive and dangling from a rope, along with El Coyote. He offers Leo in exchange for the dagger, claiming he has no use for the three of them. After suggesting that Patricia can go free, she leaves and is sealed in a passageway. El Coyote laughs and explains that he will kill them and sacrifice Patricia to appease the gods and become the Firewalker. Max throws the dagger at El Coyote to kill him, but he catches it and leaves the chamber. Max rescues Leo as El Coyote prepares to kill Patricia. They reach her just in time; Max shoots El Coyote in the chest, seemingly killing him. Patricia finds the gold by placing the dagger in a slot on the altar, opening a chamber below it. After gathering the gold, El Coyote attacks them. Patricia stabs him in the back with the dagger just as he prepares to kill Max. With El Coyote stunned, Max is able to fight back, kicking him onto the altar. Patricia then sprinkles the magic bag on El Coyote's body; he bursts into flame as they leave the temple with the gold and the trio reap the rewards of their successful journey.
Cast
Chuck Norris as Max Donigan
Louis Gossett Jr. as Leo Porter
Melody Anderson as Patricia Goodwin
Will Sampson as Tall Eagle
Sonny Landham as "El Coyote"
John Rhys-Davies as "Corky" Taylor
Ian Abercrombie as Boggs
Richard Lee-Sung as The General
Zaide Silvia Gutiérrez as Indian Girl
Álvaro Carcaño as Willie
John Hazelwood as Tubbs
Dale Payne as Pilot
José Escandón as Co-Pilot
Mário Arévalo as Guerilla Leader
Miguel Ángel Fuentes as Big Man (Credited as Miguel Fuentes)
Production
Chuck Norris wanted to write a comedy and was recommended to writer Robert Gosnell. Gosnell had written Firewalker and showed it to Norris, who decided to make it instead of the comedy.
The film was Norris' first comedy, even though it was still an action film. It was described as "two guys, a girl and a Jeep on the road to a fortune in lost Aztec treasure."
"It's a detour," said Norris. "Max Donegan is really the lighter side of Chuck Norris." He added, "It's just an open, friendly, warm film with a lot of humor. It has the adventure of a Romancing the Stone and Raiders of the Lost Ark, the humor of the movie Crocodile Dundee -- where the situations cause the humor -- and the companionship between the two guys like Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid."
Norris says that Cannon's chairman, Menahem Golan, showed "a little skepticism" when Norris first took the film to him to develop. "It's not the type of film I'm known for doing," said Norris. But Norris had a seven-year deal with Cannon and was their leading box office star along with Charles Bronson. "Whether I do more lighter-type films beyond this one will be determined by how Firewalker does," said Norris. "The audience tells you what you'll be doing or not doing. Like Stallone - - he'll never do Rhinestone again."
Norris knew he was taking a risk. He said, "When I got crucified in my first film, Good Guys Wear Black, I went to Steve McQueen. He said the bottom line is if you get the best reviews in the world and the movie bombs, you're not going to get work. But if it's a huge success, whether the criticism is good or bad, you'll work. The key thing is -- does the public accept you?"
Filming took place in Mexico in June 1986.
"I learned to speak Spanish and had a splendid time," said Anderson. "Chuck was incredible to work with, such a nice man... J. Lee was a character. Some days the heat got to him worse than
others. He would get tired and cranky, but we got along great. At the time, I had no idea the director in The Exorcist was based on him. And even though it was a Cannon film, I got all my money!”
Release
Home media
Firewalker was released on DVD by MGM Home Video March 22, 2005.
Reception
Box office
The film was one of Cannon's strongest performing movies at the box office in 1986. However, it was a relative disappointment compared to other Norris films, earning a little over $10 million. It was ultimately considered a flop. Cannon went into financial receivership soon afterwards.
Critical response
Firewalker received overwhelmingly negative reviews.
On At the Movies, Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert gave the picture "two thumbs down". Siskel said Firewalker was "one of the most derivative films in years, splicing elements of Raiders of the Lost Ark with Romancing the Stone." He went on saying he believed "the movie was probably signed as a deal one month after the grosses started coming in for Romancing, and that was where the creativity stopped". Ebert said that he "would have tried to make a picture that didn't look like a cheap, watered-down, pale, and uninteresting version of all those other adventure movies". In his print review, Ebert gave Firewalker 1 star out of 4:
...the movie is a free-form anthology of familiar images from the works of Steven Spielberg, subjected to a new process that we could call discolorization...(the film) lacked the style, witty dialogue and magic of the current adventure movies, as it borrowed its closing images from the Indiana Jones films, but its press notes optimistically claim the picture is "in the tradition" of Romancing the Stone. In literature, it's called plagiarism. In the movies, it's homage.
Vincent Canby of The New York Times called the film "a bargain-basement imitation of such movies as Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Romancing the Stone, et al". Canby also noted Norris's lack of comedic timing as he "stomped on the film's facetious dialogue". TV Guide published a largely negative review, criticizing Norris's "usual wooden" performance, the "appalling" production values and the "flat, uninteresting" writing. The publication also noted Firewalker heavily "borrowing" elements from other, more successful adventure movies, calling it "a retooling of Raiders of the Lost Ark as a buddy picture". A review in Variety said, "Chuck Norris' latest outing for Cannon suffers from boilerplate scripting which sabotages what should have been a compelling buddy pic; not even the estimable Lou Gossett can save this one. Duo moves predictably through a search-for-the-gold yarn that is devoid of suspense."
Film historian Leonard Maltin seemed to agree, citing the picture as a "BOMB" and noting that "If Melody Anderson's hair (which remains perfectly intact throughout) and Sonny Landham's eyepatch (which keeps switching eyes) aren't a sign of anything, the movie's own press release described Chuck Norris's character as 'a soldier of outrageous misfortune'. Moreover, on the comedy-relief front, Norris brings to mind a now-famous description of Yogi Berra playing third base: 'Like a man pitching a pup-tent during a hurricane.' Arguably Chuck at his worst; but who wants to argue?"
In a review written by Rita Kempley of The Washington Post, Norris was described as pleasant galoot that lacked Arnold Schwarzenegger's (a more popular and successful action star) sense of self parody and comic timing. Kempley felt "the fight scenes were fine, but they only emphasize the plodding pace and the moldy plot; a blend of Poltergeist II, Temple of Doom and Romancing the Stone".
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 8% based on reviews from 12 critics. On Metacritic the movie has a weighted average score of 37 out of 100, based on 8 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".
See also
List of American films of 1986
Chuck Norris filmography
References
External links
Firewalker at Letterbox DVD
1986 films
American action comedy films
1980s action adventure films
1980s action comedy films
1980s adventure comedy films
American adventure comedy films
Films shot in Mexico
Golan-Globus films
Films directed by J. Lee Thompson
Films scored by Gary Chang
Films set in a fictional country
Films about treasure hunting
1986 comedy films
Films produced by Menahem Golan
Films produced by Yoram Globus
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewalker%20%28film%29
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Alpín was king of the Picts from 726-728, together with Drest. The Pictish Chronicle king lists give Alpín and Drest a five-year joint rule.
In 724, Nechtan mac Der-Ilei is reported in the Annals of Tigernach to have abdicated in favour of Drest, entering a monastery. Alpín, who is associated with Drest in the Pictish Chronicle king lists, is not mentioned at this time. In 726, the Annals of Tigernach report that "Drest was cast from the kingdom of the Picts; and Alpín reigned in his stead."
In 728–729, a war in Pictland involving Alpín, Drest, Nechtan and Óengus is reported in various sources. Alpín appears to have been the initial opponent of Nechtan and Óengus. He was first defeated by Óengus at Monaidh Craeb, for which Monicrieffe near Perth has been suggested, where his son was killed. A second defeat led to Alpín's flight and Nechtan being restored as king. Drest was killed the following year, but Alpín's fate is not known.
Whether this Alpín has any connection to the "Elffin son of Crup" who the Annals of Ulster say was besieged in 742, by whom is not said, is not known. Likewise, whether there is any connection between this Alpín and the Alpín mac Echdach who may have ruled in Dál Riata in the 730s is also unknown. Anderson notes that the capture of "Elén son of Corp and of Conamail son of Cano" is recorded by the Annals of Ulster circa 673. This Conamail was probably the Conamail son of Cano killed in 705.
If the report of 742 refers to this Alpín, then his father's name was Crup. Some versions of the Pictish Chronicle king lists include a king named Alpín son of Feret or Feredach, but this appears to be the later king, Alpín II, Alpín son of Uuroid. The small number of sources which refer to a king named Alpín son of Óengus, again probably refer to Alpín II.
Notes
References
Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 500–1286, volume 1. Reprinted with corrections. Paul Watkins, Stamford, 1990.
External links
CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork includes the Annals of Ulster, Tigernach, the Four Masters and Innisfallen, the Chronicon Scotorum, the Lebor Bretnach (which includes the Duan Albanach), Genealogies, and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress.
Annals of Clonmacnoise at Cornell
Pictish Chronicle
7th-century deaths
Pictish monarchs
8th-century Scottish monarchs
Year of birth unknown
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp%C3%ADn%20I%20of%20the%20Picts
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Oikopleura is a genus of tunicate in the class Appendicularia (larvaceans). It forms a mucus house every four hours at 20 degrees Celsius. This house has a coarse mesh to keep out big particles, and a fine mesh that collects the small particles, down to the nanoplankton that includes (pelagic) bacteria.
Abandoned mucus houses sink to the deep, collecting organic particles during their descent. They make an important contribution to marine snow, since Oikopleura is abundant and is a very active filterer, using powerful strokes of its tail. Its abundance is less obvious from preserved samples (that are usually analyzed) because the gelatinous body disappears in the preservation process while leaving hardly any trace.
Species of Oikopleura have the smallest genomes in the animal kingdom, only about 75Mb.
Oikopleura contains bioluminescent species. About half of Oikopleura species are bioluminescent.
Etymology
The genus name comes from oikos (meaning "house") and pleura ("rib", or "side of the body"), referring to their ability to build a mucus house like other larvaceans.
Taxonomy
Phylogeny
Oikopleura has been found to possibly be paraphyletic with respect to several other oikopleurid genera, namely: Folia, Stegosoma, Mesoikopleura, and Megalocercus. The genus might also harbour more diversity than thought, with species complexes like Oikopleura dioica comprising several reproductively incompatible clades despite consistent general morphology.
List of species
Oikopleura (Coecaria) , 1933
Oikopleura (Coecaria) fusiformis Fol, 1872
Oikopleura (Coecaria) fusiformis cornutogastra Aida, 1907
Oikopleura (Coecaria) gracilis Lohmann, 1896
Oikopleura (Coecaria) intermedia Lohmann, 1896
Oikopleura (Coecaria) longicauda (Vogt, 1854)
Oikopleura (Vexillaria) Lohmann, 1933
Oikopleura (Vexillaria) albicans (Leuckart, 1853)
Oikopleura (Vexillaria) caudaornata (Fenaux & Youngbluth, 1991)
Oikopleura (Vexillaria) cophocerca (Gegenbaur, 1855)
Oikopleura (Vexillaria) dioica Fol, 1872
Oikopleura (Vexillaria) gaussica Lohmann, 1905
Oikopleura (Vexillaria) gorskyi Flood, 2000
Oikopleura (Vexillaria) inflata (Fenaux & Youngbluth, 1991)
Oikopleura (Vexillaria) labradoriensis Lohmann, 1892
Oikopleura (Vexillaria) parva Lohmann, 1896
Oikopleura (Vexillaria) rufescens Fol, 1872
Oikopleura (Vexillaria) vanhoeffeni Lohman, 1896
Oikopleura (Vexillaria) villafrancae Fenaux, 1992
Distribution
The oikopleurids are distributed in the tropical waters of all oceans and seas of the globe, having been reported widely in the Caribbean Sea and the western coasts of the Atlantic Ocean.
Oikopleura dioica
A species of particular interest under this genus is the Oikopleura dioica, which is an anomaly among chordates. It has retained the fundamental body plan of the chordate; yet, it has lost the mechanism for retinoic acid signaling which operates during chordate development. The loss raises the question of the evolutionary constraints that have prevented similar changes in the other chordates.
Oikopleura dioica hox genes are distributed in nine locations around the genome whereas other chordates have a cluster of hox genes. Of note, this is the first chordate among the eukaryotes found to have operons.
References
External links
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS): Oikopleura Taxonomic Serial No.: 159668
National Center for Biotechnologu Information (NCFI): Oikopleura Taxonomy ID: 34763
Jellieszone: Oikopleura dioica Fol, 1872 : Larvacean
Oikopleura Genome Browser
Merriam-Webster: Oikopleura
Videos
Youtube: Larvacea (Oikopleura dioica)
Photos
Flickr: Oikopleura sp. in the house
Appendicularia
Tunicate genera
Bioluminescent animals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oikopleura
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Camp Blood is a 1999 American direct-to-video slasher film, written and directed by Brad Sykes. It was followed by seven official sequels, one official spin-off entitled "Ghost of Camp Blood" and one unofficial film entitled Within the Woods. Camp Blood stars Jennifer Ritchkoff as a young woman who travels to a deserted camp with her friends, only to find themselves at the mercies of a killer clown. The film had a home video release on April 4, 2000 and was released to DVD in 2002.
Plot
The film opens up on birdwatcher Sally and her photographer Victor, who are making love in the woods of Camp Blackwood. They are suddenly attacked by a person wearing a boiler suit and clown mask, wielding a machete. The clown kills Victor and chases Sally through the woods, swinging the machete at her before the film cuts to the opening credits.
The story then focuses on Tricia, her boyfriend Steve, Steve's friend Jay and Jay's girlfriend Nicole. These four are going on a trip to Camp Blackwood. But Tricia has reservations about the trip to Camp Blackwood, due to the newspaper reporting on the disappearance of Sally, for her car was found at Camp Blackwood. Steve convinces Tricia otherwise, and the two couples head out to the camp in Jay's car.
Meanwhile at the camp, two deer hunters, Gus and George, discover Sally still alive, bloodied and bruised. The clown then appears and murders the three of them.
Back with the main characters, they’ve been on the road for over an hour, and are in need of directions to the camp. On the side of the road, they stop and talk to a nutty town local by the name of Bromley Thatcher. Thatcher gives them grief for polluting the town with their loud music, fast food trash, ignorance and disrespect to the locals. After a brief exchange that includes a warning from Thatcher about the clown, Thatcher begrudgingly gives them directions to the camp, now known to them and the audience as 'Camp Blood'.
In the woods, they meet their guide, a butch lesbian known as Harris, who seems to be attracted to Nicole, creepily watching her and Jay from time to time. Tricia asks Harris if she's heard anything about the clown or why the place is nicknamed 'Camp Blood', but Harris says she has no idea.
After spending the day doing menial tasks such as collecting firewood and setting up camp, the group have a campfire, wanting to tell ghost stories. Harris reveals that she does indeed know the story of the Camp and of the clown and tells them the story. Twenty years prior, a man by the name of Stanley Cunningham was fired from his job, and came home to find his girlfriend Marylou in bed with a man named Nathan. Stanley knocked them both out in a fit of rage, put them in the trunk of his car, donned a clown mask, and drove them out to the camp where he proceeded to murder them. The police found the bodies three weeks later, but Stanley Cunningham disappeared, never to be seen again. Although, over the years people have gone missing, and some townsfolk claim to have seen the clown wander the woods from time to time. Steve, Jay and Nicole enjoy the story, believing it to be just a story Harris made up to spook them. But Tricia gets creeped out by it, and is unnerved for the rest of the night.
After the group settles down into their respective tents for the night, the group awake in the morning to find the burnt-out carcass of Harris on the campfire. Tricia begins to panic, believing that the clown story is true, and they're going to be picked off one by one. Steve calms her down, reaffirming that it was just a story Harris concocted to scare them, and nothing more. Whoever killed Harris, though, has to still be out in the woods, and they need to leave as soon as possible. Steve begins to lead the group back to Jay's car, but Nicole sprains her ankle, forcing the group to have to carry her. The clown appears, and gets into a fight with Steve, who pulls out his survival knife to defend himself. The fight ends with Steve‘s death as he gets his arm and head hacked into with the machete. The clown punches Tricia, and intimidates Jay to back off as the clown carries Nicole away. Tricia and Jay fight over Steve's knife, but Jay punches Tricia, and goes to get Nicole back, leaving Tricia on her own to escape on her own.
Jay gets lost looking for the clown and Nicole, and begins to lose his mind. Nicole managed to get away from the clown off-screen, but bumps into Jay, who turns around and accidentally stabs Nicole, fatally killing her. The clown appears, and Jay, having completely lost it, allows the clown to snap his neck, killing him.
Tricia manages to get back to the car, but runs into Thatcher. Tricia pleads him to help her, for the clown is after her and has killed her friends. Thatcher reveals that the clown story was made up by him and some of the other locals to scare tourists like her and her friends away. The clown then appears, and Thatcher reveals that he is in cahoots with the clown when he tries to chloroform Tricia. Tricia manages to fight the two of them off, and begins to run away with the clown in pursuit. Thatcher, now in possession of Jay's car keys, gets in and follows them with the car. In his frustration and anger, Thatcher accidentally hits the clown with the car, supposedly killing the clown. Thatcher bawls over his loss as Tricia takes the machete and hacks Thatcher to death. Tricia unmasks the clown, revealing the killer to be Harris. As Tricia gets into the car, Harris dons the mask again, and Tricia hits her again, finally killing her. As Tricia drives away in hysterics, she hallucinates the clown appearing in the backseat, who proceeds to choke Tricia out. Tricia stops the car, and loses consciousness as she hallucinates this.
Tricia regains consciousness, finding herself in a padded room. A doctor and a detective come in to check up on Tricia. She was catatonic when the police found her four days prior, and she has been in there ever since. The detective then asks about all of the victims throughout the movie, and Tricia tells him that it was Harris who did it, dressed as a clown. The detective, however, states that they did not find a clown, but they found Harris Stanley's blood all over Trica's hands, face, and all over Jay's car when they found her four days ago. Tricia then realizes that Harris Stanley was Stanley Cunningham in the story, and Harris had been using the clown legend to get away with killing people. But Tricia also realizes that Marylou and Nathan were never found; the town believes that the two of them ran off together twenty years ago, for the 'Camp Blood' story to the locals is just a story they made up to scare tourists away. Meaning, Tricia's claim to Harris being the clown can't be proven, and now with both her doctor and the detective believing her to be insane, she will be charged with the murders of her friends and others. Tricia hysterically tries to explain to the detective and the doctor, but they restrain her and have a nurse give her a sedative. As Tricia begins to lose consciousness, and everyone leaves her in the room alone, she hallucinates the clown being in the room with her and screams.
Cast
Jennifer Ritchkoff - Tricia Young
Michael Taylor - Steven Jessup/Doctor West
Tim Young - Jason Helman/Detective Hamlin
Bethany Zolt - Nicole Starred/Nurse
Courtney Taylor - Harris Stanley
Joseph Haggerty - Bromley Thatcher
Merideth O'Brien - Sally Brennan
Vinnie Bilancio - Victor Konenkamp
Ron Ford - Gus Franko
Tim Sullivan - George Guffy
Ivonne Armant - Mary Lou Maloney
Randy Rice - Nathan Cobb (Mary Lou's Lover)
Shemp Moseley - The Clown
Ivonne Armant's character shares a name with the ghostly slasher Mary Lou Maloney from Hello Mary Lou: Prom Night II (1987) and Prom Night III: The Last Kiss (1990). However, since Armant's character seems strictly mortal in nature, it is presumed that the two characters are not meant to be one and the same.
For whatever reason, actors Michael Taylor, Tim Young and Bethany Zolt portray the roles of Doctor West, Detective Hamlin and a Nurse respectively. The casting choice of these three have to led to some debate that the ending to the film was intended to be in reference to The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, in which the main events of the story were revealed to have been inside the head of a mental patient, who hallucinated other patients and hospital staff as characters in their story. This was proven false by the events of Camp Blood 2, in which the character of Doctor West still exists, except now being portrayed by actor Tim Sullivan.
Reception
Digital Retribution gave the film a score of one out of five, calling it "a fairly typical slasher", and criticized the film's acting, script, and poor gore effects.
Sequels
Sykes quickly followed up his 1999 release of Camp Blood with a sequel, Camp Blood 2, released on April 4, 2000, a full year after the first one. A third film, Within the Woods, was released in 2005. Sykes wrote and directed both sequels, and actress Jennifer Ritchkoff reprised her role as Tricia Young for Camp Blood 2, but did not return for the third film.
A fourth film was released at the beginning 2014 entitled Camp Blood First Slaughter, which was written and directed by Mark Polonia. Three more films were released in 2016: Camp Blood 4, Camp Blood 5, and Camp Blood 666. These were followed by Camp Blood 7 in 2017, The Ghost of Camp Blood (a spin-off film) in 2018 and Camp Blood 8: Revelations In 2019. These films do not take into account the third movie created by Brad Sykes in the Camp Blood series, Within the Woods.
References
External links
Camp Blood (film series)
2000 horror films
2000 3D films
American slasher films
American independent films
American LGBT-related films
Direct-to-video horror films
Films shot in Los Angeles
LGBT-related horror films
American serial killer films
Horror films about clowns
American comedy horror films
1999 LGBT-related films
1999 films
Films directed by Brad Sykes
1990s American films
2000s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp%20Blood%20%28film%29
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The Shepards River is a river in western Maine and eastern New Hampshire in the United States. It is part of the Saco River drainage basin.
The Shepards River rises in the town of Conway, New Hampshire, south of Dundee Hill and north of Crown Hill, among foothills of the White Mountains. The river flows southeast across a corner of Eaton, New Hampshire, then turns northeast into Brownfield, Maine, passing the villages of West Brownfield, Brownfield, and East Brownfield before reaching the Saco River east of Frost Mountain.
Several species of game fish have been caught in the Shepards River, including brook trout, rainbow trout, largemouth bass, and atlantic salmon.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
U.S. Geological Survey 7½-minute topographic maps: Conway (1987) and Brownfield (1990) quadrangles
Rivers of Maine
Rivers of New Hampshire
Saco River
Rivers of Oxford County, Maine
Rivers of Carroll County, New Hampshire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepards%20River
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Mercy is the second and final full-length album by the Burden Brothers which was released on October 31, 2006 by Kirtland Records.
The album was released 2 weeks earlier, on October 17, in digital format on iTunes and other download sites.
Track listing
Track listing and times come from Allmusic
"It's Time" – 1:52
"Shine" – 3:27
"Still" – 4:13
"Everybody Is Easy (We Sink/We Swim)" – 3:58
"She's Not Home" – 3:43
"Life Between" – 3:29
"Trick of Logic" – 4:13
"Good Night from Chicago" – 3:57
"I Am a Cancer" – 4:57
"Daughter of Science" – 4:04
"Mercy" – 1:14
"In My Sky" – 3:43
"On Our Own" – 3:00
"Oh, Cecilia" – 4:26
"Liberated" – 6:07
"Suffragette City" – 3:34
iTunes exclusive
Charts
Single
Personnel
Vaden Todd Lewis - vocals, guitar
Taz Bentley - vocals, drums
Casey Hess - vocals, guitar
Corey Rozzoni - guitar
Zack Busby - vocals, electric bass
References
Burden Brothers albums
2006 albums
Kirtland Records albums
Albums produced by Joe Chiccarelli
Albums produced by David Castell
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercy%20%28Burden%20Brothers%20album%29
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Gary Gibbs (born August 13, 1952) is an American football coach and former player who previously served as the head football coach at the University of Oklahoma for six years, compiling a record of 44–23–2.
Gibbs spent the first half of his adult life at Oklahoma as a player, assistant coach, and head coach. He played for the Sooners as a linebacker under Chuck Fairbanks and Barry Switzer from 1972 to 1974. He began coaching in 1975 as a graduate assistant under Switzer and was promoted to linebackers coach in 1978. He was promoted to defensive coordinator in 1981, and held that post through the 1988 season. He was known for coaching Oklahoma legend Brian Bosworth. In 1989, Gibbs was named head coach after Switzer was forced out following NCAA sanctions and a number of highly publicized off-the-field issues involving the Oklahoma football program.
Gibbs stayed as head coach at Oklahoma for six years, leading the Sooners to a record of 44–23–2 in that time. While he succeeded in his primary task—cleaning up the program's image—he was perceived as a coach who could not win big games. He went 2–15–1 against Oklahoma's biggest rivals, Texas, Nebraska and Colorado, and never won more than five (out of seven) games in the Big Eight Conference. Hobbled by NCAA sanctions during Gibbs' first two years, the Sooners were barred from bowl games, and were also banned from live television in his first year. More seriously, they were only allowed to give out 18 scholarships rather than 25. He wasn't able to field a team with a full complement of scholarships until 1994. Even so, discontent with his lackluster record in big games led Oklahoma to force his resignation after the season.
Gibbs was the defensive coordinator at the University of Georgia in 2000 and then at LSU in 2001. From 2002 to 2005, he was the linebackers coach for the Dallas Cowboys. Gibbs was the defensive coordinator for the New Orleans Saints from 2006 through 2008. Fired by the Saints after the conclusion of the 2008 season, Gibbs was subsequently hired by the Kansas City Chiefs as linebackers coach. On November 5, 2012, Gibbs was named defensive coordinator of the Kansas City Chiefs after Romeo Crennel resigned from the position (though staying as head coach).
Gibbs has a wife, Jeanne, and two children, Whitley and Jordan.
Head coaching record
References
External links
LSU profile
1952 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Dallas Cowboys coaches
Georgia Bulldogs football coaches
Kansas City Chiefs coaches
LSU Tigers football coaches
New Orleans Saints coaches
Oklahoma Sooners football coaches
Oklahoma Sooners football players
Oklahoma State Cowboys football coaches
National Football League defensive coordinators
Players of American football from Beaumont, Texas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Gibbs
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The Palmerston Forts along the Bristol Channel include:
Brean Down Fort, Weston-super-Mare
Flat Holm Battery, Flat Holm
Lavernock Battery, Penarth
Nell's Point Battery , Barry Island (Coastwatch site)
Steep Holm Battery, Steep Holm (Victorian Forts Data Sheet)
Bristol
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Palmerston%20Forts%20along%20the%20Bristol%20Channel
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Evander Sno (born 9 April 1987) is a Dutch football coach and former player. He played as a defensive midfielder.
During his active career, Sno played for numerous clubs in his native Netherlands, but also had spells in Scotland with Celtic and England on loan at Bristol City. He also featured for the Dutch under-21 and under-23 international teams. Sno typically played in a defensive midfield role, but was utilised in nine different field positions during a period on loan to NAC Breda. In addition, he was used as a striker for the Netherlands under 21s to cover for a lack of strikers in the squad at the time.
After his retirement as a footballer, Sno became an assistant coach at FC Lienden.
Club career
Early career
Born in Dordrecht, Sno came through the youth system at AFC Ajax but left to join Feyenoord at the age of eighteen. He did not play any first-team games during his time at Feyenoord but he was loaned out to NAC Breda during the 2005–06 season, where he made his name.
Celtic
Sno signed for Scottish Premier League side Celtic from Feyenoord of the Netherlands in 2006. At the time he was considered one of the most promising youth prospects in the world. He made his full debut in a League Cup 3rd round victory over St Mirren, drawing praise from his manager for his performance and made his Old Firm debut during Celtic's 2–0 defeat of Rangers on 23 September 2006, replacing Shunsuke Nakamura during the latter stages of the match. In November 2006, Sno scored his only goal for Celtic against Hibernian in an SPL game. Sno went on to play in both legs of Celtic's Champions League last 16 defeat against AC Milan and at the end of the season collected an SPL winners medal after Celtic retained their title, a feat repeated in the 2007–08 season.
On signing for Celtic, it was widely reported in the media that Sno was named after the former Boxing World Heavyweight Champion, Evander Holyfield.
Ajax
In August 2008 Sno re-joined Ajax, signing a three-year contract. He was sent off in his debut match against Willem II Tilburg, although his red card was cleared by the KNVB. After just one season he was demoted from the first team and would play for Jong Ajax.
In August 2009, Sno had joined English club Bristol City on loan for the remainder of the 2009–10 season, making his debut as a substitute against Coventry City. Sno scored his first goal for Bristol City in a 3–2 win over Barnsley at Oakwell, and rejoined Ajax at the season's end.
When sent back to the reserves, Sno had to prove his self-worth as an Ajax first squad member. On 13 September 2010 while playing a match with Ajax' reserves against Vitesse/AGOVV reserves, Sno suffered a cardiac arrest. He was resuscitated, it took the paramedics ten minutes to resuscitate Sno on the pitch and he was then taken to a hospital in Arnhem.
It was expected that a long period of recovery was going to lie ahead, and he marked his return by appearing in a reserve friendly on 11 November 2010. No direct cause for the cardiac arrest could be found and as a precaution he had an internal cardiac defibrillator placed inside his body.
After his contract with Ajax expired, Sno found an agreement with Italian Serie A club Genoa; the move was however canceled at the last minute after the player failed his medical.
Later career and retirement
In August 2011, Sno signed a one-year contract with Eredivisie side RKC Waalwijk. Due to his good performances at RKC Waalwijk, several Dutch teams showed interest in Sno. Both Eredivisie teams Roda JC and NEC Nijmegen wanted to sign a contract with him.
He signed a two-year contract with NEC at 6 June 2012. Once again, on 29 September 2012, Sno suffered another on-pitch cardiac arrest, however, due to having a defibrillator fitted previously, he was able to walk off the pitch. On 3 April 2013, Sno ended his contract with NEC because of a disagreement with the club.
On 28 October 2013, Sno signed a deal until the end of the season with his former club RKC. After they were relegated to the Dutch Eerste Divisie, Sno left as a free agent and signed with Belgian side Westerlo on 4 June 2014. However, he only played two matches in half a season and dissolved his contract on 7 December 2014.
On 31 January 2015, it was announced that Sno would sign a contract until the end of the season with Dutch Eredivisie side ADO Den Haag. After another spell at RKC, he joined Dutch Eerste Klasse amateur club DHSC in July 2017. He announced his retirement in 2018.
International career
Born in the Netherlands, Sno is of Surinamese descent. Sno was a regular in the Dutch Under-21 team. In October 2006, Sno was included in the Dutch national team for the friendly against England. On 16 July 2008, he was named in the Dutch squad for the Olympic Games in Beijing. In the opening game against Nigeria, Sno received a red card.
Management
In January 2019, six months after announcing his retirement as a player, Sno was appointed as assistant coach to FC Lienden head coaches Hans van de Haar and Nordin Wooter.
Personal life
In January 2019, Sno was sentenced to community service for knocking out a bouncer in a nightclub brawl at the Melkweg concert venue in October 2017. His brother, Kenneth, was fined for threatening to shoot security staff in the same incident.
Honours
Club
Celtic
Scottish Premier League: 2006–07, 2007–08
Scottish Cup: 2006–07
Ajax
Eredivisie: 2010–11
References
External links
Voetbal International profile
Ajax Inside Profile
1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Dordrecht
Dutch sportspeople of Surinamese descent
Men's association football midfielders
Dutch men's footballers
Feyenoord players
NAC Breda players
Celtic F.C. players
AFC DWS players
AFC Ajax players
Bristol City F.C. players
RKC Waalwijk players
NEC Nijmegen players
K.V.C. Westerlo players
ADO Den Haag players
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
Scottish Premier League players
Belgian Pro League players
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland
Dutch expatriate men's footballers
Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for the Netherlands
DHSC (football club) players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evander%20Sno
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Coldstream is a district municipality in British Columbia, Canada, located at the northern end of Kalamalka Lake in the Okanagan Valley. Incorporated on December 21, 1906, Coldstream celebrated its centennial in 2006. The municipality is directly southeast of Vernon and is considered part of Greater Vernon. It is a member municipality of, and also the location of the head offices, of the Regional District of North Okanagan.
Coldstream Ranch
Coldstream is known for the Coldstream Ranch, established in 1863 by Captain Charles Frederick Houghton. He transferred the ranch to Forbes G. and Charles Albert Vernon, who in 1891 sold it to The 7th Earl of Aberdeen (later created, in 1916, The 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair), future Governor General of Canada (1893–1898). The ranch was purchased by its current owners in 1994 and continues to be a working cattle ranch.
Government
Coldstream is governed by a seven-member council, led by Mayor Jim Garlick. The municipality is represented by member of Parliament Mel Arnold (Okanagan—Shuswap) and member of the Legislative Assembly Eric Foster (Okanagan-Vernon).
Economy
The Greater Vernon area was once based in forestry and agriculture. However, manufacturing, retail trade and services are now the primary industries. A suburban community known as Middleton Mountain is located in Coldsteam at the north end of Kalamalka Lake.
Demographics
In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Coldstream had a population of 11,171 living in 4,100 of its 4,341 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 10,648. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Ethnicity
Religion
According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Coldstream included:
Irreligion (6,245 persons or 56.8%)
Christianity (4,540 persons or 41.3%)
Sikhism (95 persons or 0.9%)
Buddhism (25 persons or 0.2%)
Judaism (20 persons or 0.2%)
Hinduism (10 persons or 0.1%)
Islam (10 persons or 0.1%)
Other (55 persons or 0.5%)
Education
Covered by School District 22 Vernon, Coldstream is home to Coldstream Elementary School, Kidston Elementary School, Kalamalka Secondary School and Beairsto Elementary School. The municipality is served by the Vernon campus of Okanagan College.
Climate
Coldstream has a dry – almost semi-arid climate – with hot sunny summers and cool cloudy winters.
Weather facts:
Driest year (1952) =
Wettest year (1996) =
Warmest year (1987) =
Coldest year (1916) =
Recreation
Coldstream is home to Kal Beach, which is located on the shore of Kalamalka Lake. Smaller beaches in the area include Kirkland Beach, Juniper Beach, Tamarack Beach, Long Lake Beach, Jade Bay Beach, Cosens Beach, Pebble Beach, and Cliff Beach. Coldstream borders on Kalamalka Provincial Park, which features numerous groomed hiking trails, scenic views, and natural areas. Wildlife in the park includes black bear, whitetailed deer, rattlesnake, marmot, and other creatures. The Silver Star Mountain Resort, northeast of Coldstream, offers various options for winter sports.
Notes
References
Vernon Museum – Coldstream: Nulli Secondus
External links
District municipalities in British Columbia
Populated places in the Regional District of North Okanagan
Populated places in the Okanagan Country
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coldstream%2C%20British%20Columbia
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Osmylidae are a small family of winged insects of the net-winged insect order Neuroptera. The osmylids, also called lance lacewings, stream lacewings or giant lacewings, are found all over the world except North and Central America. There are around 225 extant species.
Description and ecology
Adult osmylids are small to moderately-sized net-winged insects, with wingspans ranging from 1.4 to 3 cm. Smaller members resemble typical green lacewings, and larger species resemble antlions. Many species, namely those of the type genus Osmylus, have spotted wings. The thin antennae are short. They have two compound eyes, as well as three ocelli in between. Adult osmylids, like green lacewings (some of which are colloquially known as "stinkflies"), have prothoracal glands which produce foul-smelling compounds used to deter would-be predators.
Their larvae are superficially similar to those of spongillaflies (Sisyridae). They have peculiar mouthparts which look like a thin forceps with the ends bending outwards. The body is elongated and slender and terminates in two extensible graspers bearing tiny hooks; these are used to aid in locomotion and to grasp prey. The larvae are associated with damp, mossy habitats and are amphibious. They hunt small invertebrate prey, from which they suck the body fluids with their mouthparts.
The adults are diurnal or crepuscular weak-flying insects which mostly prey on small invertebrates, supplemented with some pollen. Eggs are deposited in damp places, usually near freshwater.
Systematics and taxonomy
Osmylids are generally placed with the extant families Sisyridae (spongillaflies) and Nevrorthidae within the clade Osmyloidea, which is the second earliest diverging clade of Neuroptera after Coniopterygidae (dustywings). The group also contains Archeosmylidae from the Permian-Triassic and Saucrosmylidae from the Middle Jurassic, both of which are thought to be closely related to Osmylidae. The earliest records of Osmylidae date to the Early Jurassic, some of which are already assignable to extant subfamilies, and were diverse during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. At least 278 species have been described in 25 extant and 38 extinct genera.
Taxonomy largely after Winterton et al., 2019
Subfamilies and genera
Subfamily Eidoporisminae
Eidoporismus - Australia
†Stenosmylina - Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)
Subfamily Gumillinae
Gumilla - Brazil
†Allotriosmylus - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Enodinympha - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Epiosmylus - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Itat Formation, Russia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian), Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Kolbasinella - Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Nilionympha - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Nuddsia - Crato Formation, Brazil, Early Cretaceous (Aptian) (=Burmaleon Myskowiak et al, 2016 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian))
†Osmylochrysa - Purbeck Group, England, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
†Tenuosmylus Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
Subfamily Kempyninae
Australysmus - Australia
Euosmylus - New Zealand
Kempynus Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile
†Arbusella - Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Cretosmylus - Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
†Euporismites Redbank Plains Formation, Australia, Eocene (Ypresian)
†Jurakempynus Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic, Shar-Teeg, Mongolia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
†Kempynosmylus Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
†Ponomarenkius - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Sauktangida - Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)
†Mirokempynus Ma et al. 2020 Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Subfamily Mesosmylininae
†Mesosmylina Posidonia Shale, Green Series, Germany, Sagul Formation, Kyrgyzstan Early Jurassic (Toarcian) Zhargalant Formation, Mongolia, Itat Formation, Russia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian), Ukurei Formation, Russia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
†Sogjuta Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic (Hettangian), Shar-Teeg, Mongolia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
Subfamily Osmylinae
Grandosmylus - Afghanistan, Tajikistan
Lahulus - India
Osmylus - Eurasia
Parosmylus Needham, 1909 - Central through South Asia
Sinosmylus - China
†Lithosmylus - Florissant Formation, Colorado, United States, Eocene (Priabonian)
†Vetosmylus - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
Subfamily Protosmylinae
Gryposmylus - Central to Southeast Asia
Heterosmylus Central to South Asia
Lysmus - Indonesia, China, Japan, Russia
Paryphosmylus - Ecuador
†Juraheterosmylus - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Jurosmylus - Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Mesosmylidus - Purbeck Group, England, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
†Osmylidia - Florissant Formation, Colorado, United States, Eocene (Priabonian)
†Petrushevskia - Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic (Hettangian)
†Protosmylina - Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Barremian)
†Protosmylus - Baltic amber, Baltic Coast, Europe, Eocene
†Pseudosmylidia Florissant Formation, Colorado, United States, Eocene (Priabonian)
Subfamily Stenosmylinae
Carinosmylus - Australia
Euporismus - Australia
Isostenosmylus - Northern South America
Oedosmylus - Australia
Phymatosmylus - Argentina, Chile
Stenolysmus - Australia
Stenosmylus - Australia
Subfamily Porisminae
Porismus - Australia
Subfamily Spilosmylinae
Spilosmylus - Africa, South through Southeast Asia, New Guinea
Thaumatosmylus - Indonesia, Malaysia, China
Thyridosmylus Madagascar, China, India
†Ensiosmylus Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Imanosmylus Siyanovskaya Formation, Russia, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Subfamily Incertae sedis
†Archaeosmylidia - Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Dimidiosmylus - Shar-Teeg, Mongolia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
†Erlikosmylus - Sagul Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)
†Karaosmylus Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Kubekius - Itat Formation, Russia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
†Osmylopsis - Purbeck Group, England, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
†Palaeothyridosmylus Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
†Pronymphites - Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Scapoptera - Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle/Late Jurassic
†Stenochrysa - Purbeck Group, England, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
†Tengriosmylus - Sagul Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)
†Tetanoptilon - Posidonia Shale, Germany, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)
Notes
References
Neuroptera
Neuroptera families
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmylidae
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Gull Lake may refer to:
Native American entities
Gull Lake Indian Reservation, located near Brainerd, Minnesota, surrounding Gull Lake
Gull Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa, whose descendants are located on the White Earth Indian Reservation
Lakes
Canada
Gull Lake (Ontario)
Gull Lake (Alberta)
Gull Lake (Newfoundland)
Gull Lake (Nova Scotia)
Goéland Lake, Québec (English: Gull Lake)
United States
Gull Lake (Michigan)
Gull Lake (Cass County, Minnesota)
Gull Lake (McKeever, Herkimer County, New York)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (British Overseas Territory)
Gull Lake, South Georgia
Places
Gull Lake, Alberta, a summer village in Alberta, Canada
Gull Lake, Manitoba, a hamlet in Rural Municipality of Alexander, Manitoba, Canada
Gull Lake, Saskatchewan, a town in Saskatchewan, Canada
Rural Municipality of Gull Lake No. 139, the rural municipality that surrounds the town
Administrative features
Gull Lake (electoral district), a former electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gull%20Lake
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The Born Losers is a 1967 American outlaw biker film. The film introduced Tom Laughlin as the half-Indian Green Beret Vietnam veteran Billy Jack. Since 1954, Laughlin had been trying to produce his Billy Jack script about discrimination toward American Indians. In the 1960s he decided to introduce the character of Billy Jack in a quickly written script designed to capitalize on the then-popular trend in motorcycle gang movies. The story was based on a real incident from 1964 where members of the Hells Angels were arrested for raping two teenage girls in Monterey, California. The movie was followed by Billy Jack (1971), which saw AIP pull out of production midway through before others stepped in.
Plot
Billy Jack is introduced as an enigmatic, half-Native American Vietnam veteran who shuns society, taking refuge in the peaceful solitude of the California Central Coast mountains. His troubles begin when he descends from this unspoiled setting and drives into a small beach town named Big Rock. A minor traffic accident in which a motorist hits a motorcyclist results in a savage beating by members of the Born Losers Motorcycle Club, led by Danny. The horrified bystanders are too afraid to help or be involved in any way. Billy Jack jumps into the fray and rescues the man by himself. At this point the police arrive and arrest Billy for using a rifle to stop the fight.
The police throw Billy in jail and the judge fines him $1,000 for discharging a rifle in public (the assaulters get a $150 fine or thirty days in jail), which leads him to sell his jeep. He is treated with suspicion and hostility by the police. Meanwhile, the marauding bikers terrorize the town, rape four teenage girls, and threaten anyone slated to testify against them, with the kid brother of the leader being fingered as part of the rape. One of the girls later recants, saying she willingly gave herself to the biker gang after the gang goes to her house and turns the power off before breaking into the house to spook her. Despite the efforts of the police to get her to not recant, her mother (Jane Russell) defends her decision to not testify.
Vicky Barrington, a bikini-clad damsel-in-distress, is twice abducted and abused by the gang. The first time, she goes along with the idea of being a biker mama if she can get drugs from her bike to take as a way to sneak up on a biker to knock him out and flee. Her supposed plan of ditching her bike to flee on foot results in her being caught and raped to the point where she is put in hospital. The second time, the bikers steal a cop car and try to steal her from the hideout after she agrees to testify for the trial. Her attempted escape has her run into Billy, who takes a swing at the bikers and takes Vicky to his location on her bike; she is spooked enough to not testify. The gang comes back to his place when the two are out for lunch and steal his money. Little by little, the other victims are spooked out by the bikers and ineffective sheriffs. In the night, Billy drives out to see the bikers to talk to their leader about his stolen money. He gives them until tomorrow to get it back before leaving. The next day, the bikers confront the two at a gas station. Billy fights Gangrene and beats him before getting some of the money back and taking one of their bikes. Danny offers Vicky to serve as the sexually compliant "biker mama" the easy way rather than being there by force, which she declines. The gang comes to the hideout to ask them to see Danny by their hideout, which reveals they have kidnapped one of the rape victims. The dad tries to intervene, but he fails. Billy is hit from behind with a tire iron and beaten after trying to distract long enough for Vicky to escape, but each fail. It is then that Vicky agrees to be a biker mama to get them to let go of Billy.
At the police station, Billy is unable to get help from the police or the local residents and must return to the gang's lair to rescue Vicky by himself, particularly when the last victim recants. Billy, armed with a bolt-action rifle, captures the gang, shoots the leader (Jeremy Slate) between the eyes in cold blood, and forces some of the others to take Vicky, who's been badly beaten, to the hospital. As the police finally arrive, Billy abruptly rides away on one of the gang's motorcycles.
The anti-authority sentiment continues up to the end when a police deputy accidentally shoots Billy in the back, mistaking him for a fleeing gang member. He is later found, nearly dead, lying by the shore of a lake. He is placed on a stretcher and is flown to the hospital in a helicopter as Vicky and the sheriff give him a salute.
Cast
Production
The movie was filmed on location in California at Seal Beach, Huntington Beach, Rancho Palos Verdes, University of California, Los Angeles, Big Sur, Morro Bay, Playa del Rey, and other coastal locales. The bikers' lair in Playa del Rey was once owned by silent film star Mae Murray.
According to Laughlin's DVD audio commentary, filming was completed in just three weeks on an operating budget of $160,000. To cut costs, a stunt scene of a biker crashing into a pond was taken from American International's 1966 comedy The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini..
Laughlin ran out of money during post production, but showed the film to American International Pictures who bought out the original investors and gave Laughlin $300,000 to finish it.
The film was commercially successful, and resulted in Laughlin being able to raise the funds to make its sequel, Billy Jack. In 1974, after the sequel proved financially successful, American International Pictures re-released Born Losers with the taglines "The film that introduced Billy Jack" and "Back By Popular Demand: "Born Losers" The Original Screen Appearance of Tom Laughlin as Billy Jack". The film was the highest grossing American International release until 1979, when The Amityville Horror was released.
Reception
Critical response was generally negative. Film critic Leonard Maltin criticized Laughlin's films for "using violence as an indictment of violence'.
In 1967, Born Losers earned an estimated $2,225,000 in theatrical rentals in the United States and Canada. It was re-released by AIP in 1974, following the success of Billy Jack. AIP issued ads which proclaimed 'THE ORIGINAL BILLY JACK IS BACK!' which led to a lawsuit from Laughlin; following this, the advertising for the re-release of Born Losers was changed. All newspaper advertising had to include the disclaimer 'This is a Re-Release' to make viewers aware that the film was not Billy Jack.
By 1977, Born Losers had earned $12.5 million in U.S. and Canadian rentals. It set a record in Mexico City playing at the Teatro Metropólitan for more than 26 weeks, the longest run for a 35mm film, selling over 500,000 tickets.
Banned Hungarian version
Born Losers was released in Hungary as Halálfejesek ("Death's-heads")., dubbed by cult Hungarian actors like Zoltán Latinovits, Gábor Agárdy, Gyula Szabó, and Éva Almási. The film caused a sensation in Hungary, registering a full house at the Pushkin Cinema in Budapest and at other cinemas in capital city. A month later the film was banned in Hungary. Forty years later, the film has become very popular among Hungarian Internet circles and on YouTube.
See also
List of American films of 1967
References
External links
Official Billy Jack site
1967 films
American International Pictures films
1960s exploitation films
Outlaw biker films
Films about Native Americans
Films directed by Tom Laughlin
Films about United States Army Special Forces
American exploitation films
American thriller films
American vigilante films
1960s English-language films
1960s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Born%20Losers
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David Wickham Ridgway (born 14 November 1960) is a South Australian politician who served as a member of the South Australian Legislative Council from 2002 to 2021, representing the Liberal Party of Australia (SA). Ridgway served as the Minister for Trade and Investment in the Marshall Ministry from 22 March 2018 to 26 July 2020, and as Minister for Tourism from March 2018 to January 2020.
Background
Ridgway was elected state president of the South Australian Rural Youth Movement in 1982–83. In 1984 he won a six-month youth study tour to the UK. This experience heightened his interest in politics, especially in primary industries and regional development.
Ridgway began working on the family farm and at 19 he took on management of the family's horticultural business. After purchasing the business in 1997 with his wife Meredith, they expanded the operation to become the largest producer of gladioli corms in Australia and New Zealand.
Parliament
Ridgway was elected from fourth position on the Liberal ticket at the 2002 election and from first position on the Liberal ticket at the 2010 election.
Ridgway was appointed a Shadow Parliamentary Secretary in 2005, and after the 2006 election was appointed Shadow Minister for Environment and Conservation, the River Murray and Urban Development & Planning, under the leadership of Iain Evans. A leadership change in April 2007, in which Martin Hamilton-Smith assumed Liberal Party leadership, prompted a re-shuffle of the Party's Shadow Cabinet, at which point Ridgway was made Shadow Minister for Police and Mineral Resources Development, whilst retaining his Shadow Urban Development & Planning post. David Ridgway also assisted the Leader of the Opposition with the Multicultural Affairs portfolio. In February 2013, Ridgway was further promoted to the crucial portfolios of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries, Forests and Tourism. Between 2007 and 2018 Ridgway served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Council.
Following the 2018 state election Ridgway was appointed as Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment.
Ridgway was relieved of his Tourism ministerial responsibilities in the immediate aftermath of the devastation of Kangaroo Island and other South Australian tourist areas during the 2019–20 bushfires when the Premier, Steven Marshall assumed that ministerial role on 11 January 2020. On 13 January 2020, by proclamation of the Governor, Ridgway was relieved of the Tourism portfolio in his ministerial position. In July 2020, Ridgway resigned from cabinet, indicating he was unwilling to serve in a reshuffled ministry following the resignation of Stephan Knoll and Tim Whetstone over an expenses scandal.
Ridgway resigned from the Legislative Council in June 2021 in order to be appointed as South Australia's Agent-General in London.
Personal life
He currently resides in Adelaide and has three children.
References
External links
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of South Australia
1960 births
Living people
Members of the South Australian Legislative Council
21st-century Australian politicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Ridgway%20%28politician%29
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Max Deuring (9 December 1907 – 20 December 1984) was a German mathematician. He is known for his work in arithmetic geometry, in particular on elliptic curves in characteristic p. He worked also in analytic number theory.
Deuring graduated from the University of Göttingen in 1930, then began working with Emmy Noether, who noted his mathematical acumen even as an undergraduate. When she was forced to leave Germany in 1933, she urged that the university offer her position to Deuring. In 1935 he published a report entitled Algebren ("Algebras"), which established his notability in the world of mathematics. He went on to serve as Ordinarius at Marburg and Hamburg, then took a position as ordentlicher Lehrstuhl at Göttingen, where he remained until his retirement.
Deuring was a fellow of the Leopoldina. His doctoral students include Max Koecher and Hans-Egon Richert.
Selected works
Algebren, Springer 1935
Sinn und Bedeutung der mathematischen Erkenntnis, Felix Meiner, Hamburg 1949
Klassenkörper der komplexen Multiplikation, Teubner 1958
Lectures on the theory of algebraic functions of one variable, 1973 (from lectures at the Tata Institute, Mumbai)
Sources
Peter Roquette Über die algebraisch-zahlentheoretischen Arbeiten von Max Deuring, Jahresbericht DMV Vol.91, 1989, p. 109
Martin Kneser Max Deuring, Jahresbericht DMV Vol.89, 1987, p. 135
Martin Kneser, Martin Eichler Das wissenschaftliche Werk von Max Deuring, Acta Arithmetica Vol.47, 1986, p. 187
See also
Deuring–Heilbronn phenomenon
Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture
Supersingular elliptic curve
References
External links
MacTutor biography
Obituary in Acta Arithmetica
Biographical page
1907 births
1984 deaths
20th-century German mathematicians
Scientists from Göttingen
University of Göttingen alumni
Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
Academic staff of the University of Marburg
Academic staff of the University of Hamburg
Algebraic geometers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Deuring
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The Palmerston Forts (19th-century fortifications built to defend Britain from a perceived French threat) in the Isle of Portland area, Dorset, England, are:
East Weare Battery
Inner Pierhead Fort
The Nothe Fort
Portland Breakwater Fort
The Verne Citadel (later including Verne High Angle Battery)
Isle of Portland
Isle of Portland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Palmerston%20Forts%20in%20the%20Isle%20of%20Portland%20area
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The Missouri State League was a short–lived Class D level baseball minor league that played in the 1911 season. The league began play with five teams, all based in Missouri. The Missouri State League folded during the 1911 season.
History
The Missouri State League began the 1911 season as a five–team league with charter franchises based in Brookfield, Missouri, Jefferson City, Missouri, Kirksville, Missouri, Macon, Missouri, and Sedalia, Missouri. The Brookfield Hustlers folded on May 19, 1911 and the Sedalia Cubs moved to Brookfield after the Hustlers folded. On June 2, 1911, the Jefferson City Senators franchise folded. The Missouri State League permanently folded after play on June 4, 1911. The Sedalia/Brookfield Cubs finished in 1st place with a record of 11–8, compiling a 7–3 record based in Sedalia and 4–5 in Brookfield.
The league began play on May 11, 1911, before folding on June 5, 1911.
1911 cities represented
Brookfield, MO: Brookfield Hustlers, Brookfield Cubs
Jefferson City, MO: Jefferson City Senators
Kirksville, MO: Kirksville Osteopaths
Macon, MO: Macon Athletics
Sedalia, MO: Sedalia Cubs
1911 Standings and statistics
Missouri State League standings schedule
Brookfield Hustlers disbanded May 19. Sedalia (7–3) moved to Brookfield May 24. Jefferson City disbanded June 2League folded June 5.
References
Sumner, Benjamin Barrett. Minor League Baseball Standings:All North American Leagues, Through 1999. Jefferson, N.C.:McFarland.
Sports leagues established in 1911
Defunct minor baseball leagues in the United States
Baseball leagues in Missouri
Sports leagues disestablished in 1911
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri%20State%20League
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The Swift River is a river in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Saco River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean in Maine.
The Swift River rises in the township of Livermore, New Hampshire, on the eastern side of Kancamagus Pass, and flows east into a broad valley, surrounded by mountains, known as the Albany Intervale. Leaving the intervale, the river enters a narrow gorge, passing over two sets of small waterfalls, and continues east through the town of Albany to the Saco River at Conway.
The river is paralleled for its entire length by New Hampshire Route 112, the scenic Kancamagus Highway.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
External links
The Swift River - A Report to the General Court, 1990
The Swift River - NH Rivers Management and Protection Program
Swift River Corridor Management Plan, 1994
Saco River
Rivers of New Hampshire
Rivers of Carroll County, New Hampshire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift%20River%20%28Saco%20River%20tributary%29
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The was a railway line in northern Japan that linked Aomori Station in Aomori Prefecture and Hakodate Station in Hokkaido.
The Tsugaru-Kaikyō Line was actually made up of portions of four separate lines: the Tsugaru Line, operated by East Japan Railway Company, and the Kaikyō, Esashi, and Hakodate Main lines, operated by Hokkaido Railway Company. The name was created following the opening of the Kaikyō Line and Seikan Tunnel on 13 March 1988.
The line name has been out of use since 26 March 2016 when the Hokkaido Shinkansen opened and replaced the regular passenger services connecting Aomori and Hakodate on the Tsugaru-Kaikyō Line with high-speed services along the shinkansen line. The railway lines that formed the Tsugaru-Kaikyō Line continue to operate freight and passenger trains except for passenger trains on the Kaikyō Line section. The section of line between Naka-Oguni and Kikonai Station ceased operation for conventional line passenger trains like Hakuchō and Super Hakuchō and sleeper trains like Hokutosei, Cassiopeia, Twilight Express and Hamanasu by the 21 March 2015. Today this section is only operated by the Hokkaido Shinkansen and conventional line freight trains.
Station and line divisions
Aomori Station through Naka-Oguni Station comprised part of the Tsugaru Line
Between Naka-Oguni Station and Kikonai Station was the Kaikyō Line with former stations
Kikonai Station through Goryōkaku Station comprised part of the Esashi Line (present-day South Hokkaido Railway)
Goryōkaku Station through Hakodate Station comprised part of the Hakodate Main Line
References
External links
Lines of East Japan Railway Company
Rail transport in Aomori Prefecture
1067 mm gauge railways in Japan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsugaru-Kaiky%C5%8D%20Line
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Justice Faizanuddin is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India.
Born in 1932 in Panna State, British India, he graduated from Hamidia College of Bhopal. He was appointed a judge of Madhya Pradesh High Court in 1978, and a judge of the Supreme Court of India in 1993. He retired from the Supreme Court in 1997, and was appointed as the Lokayukta (Ombudsman) for the State of Madhya Pradesh. He retired from the Lokayukta office in 2003. He died on 27 October 2019.
His family currently resides in Bhopal.
External links
Biography of Faizanuddin
Living people
1932 births
Judges of the Madhya Pradesh High Court
20th-century Indian Muslims
People from Panna State
Ombudsmen in India
Justices of the Supreme Court of India
20th-century Indian judges
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faizanuddin
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Olav Økern (3 June 1911 – 11 April 2000) was a Norwegian cross-country skier who competed in the 1930s and 1940s. He won a bronze in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz.
In addition, he won a silver in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1938 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships and the 18 km event at the 1940 Holmenkollen ski festival. Because of those wins, Økern earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1950. His uncle, Harald Økern, had earned the same medal in 1924.
Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).
Olympic Games
1 medal – (1 bronze)
World Championships
1 medal – (1 silver)
References
External links
Holmenkollen medalists - click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file
Holmenkollen winners since 1892 - click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file
1911 births
2000 deaths
Norwegian male cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers for Norway
Cross-country skiers at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 1952 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Norway
Holmenkollen medalists
Holmenkollen Ski Festival winners
Olympic medalists in cross-country skiing
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in cross-country skiing
Medalists at the 1948 Winter Olympics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olav%20%C3%98kern
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The Palmerston Forts around Milford Haven include:
Fort Hubberstone
Popton Fort
Scoveston Fort
South Hook Fort
Stack Rock Fort
Thorn Island Fort
Llanion Battery
St Catherine's Fort, Tenby
Chapel Bay Fort
West Blockhouse Fort
Dale Fort
Forts in Pembrokeshire
History of Pembrokeshire
Military history of Pembrokeshire
Milford Haven
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Palmerston%20Forts%20around%20Milford%20Haven
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Francis Theodore Summers (25 January 1887 – 27 October 1967) was an English first-class cricketer. He was a right-handed tail-end batsman and wicket-keeper who played 57 times for Worcestershire in the 1920s, making over 80 dismissals.
He was born in Alcester, Warwickshire, and died at the age of 80 in Inkberrow, Worcestershire.
His son Douglas played one match for Worcestershire in 1930.
External links
English cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
1887 births
1967 deaths
People from Alcester
Wicket-keepers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Summers
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Zágráb may refer to:
the Hungarian name for the city of Zagreb, Croatia
Zagreb County (former), an administrative subdivision of the former Kingdom of Hungary
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1gr%C3%A1b
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Brian Cooke (born 1937) is a British comedy writer who, along with co-writer Johnnie Mortimer, wrote scripts for and devised many of the top television sitcoms during the 1970s, including Man About the House, George and Mildred, and Robin's Nest.
Cooke also wrote and created the 1980s TV sitcom Keep It in the Family, starring Robert Gillespie and the late-1960s/early-1970s sitcom Father, Dear Father starring Patrick Cargill. Man About the House, George and Mildred, Robin's Nest, and Keep It in the Family were remade for American television as Three's Company, The Ropers, Three's a Crowd and Too Close for Comfort.
Early career
He was born in Liverpool, Lancashire - now Merseyside. Starting off as a cartoonist during his term of national service, he soon began to sell strips to magazines and newspapers. He met Johnnie Mortimer at a cartoonists convention. They also wrote the screenplays for the film version of the play No Sex Please, We're British, and the movie versions of their series Man About the House and Father Dear Father.
Scriptwriter
Earlier in his career, Cooke was a writer for the last series of the 1960s radio series Round the Horne and its short-lived successor Stop Messing About. He had much success in 2003-5 when he revived the format for a theatre tribute show, Round the Horne ... Revisited, which ran in the West End for 15 months and spawned three national tours. In 2004, it was made into a television film, with the original London cast, by BBC Four. Stop Messing About was also turned into a stage play in 2009.
References
External links
(source: BBC)
BBC Four interview with Brian Cooke
1937 births
English comedy writers
English television writers
British male television writers
Living people
Writers from Liverpool
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Cooke
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Devil-Slayer (Eric Simon Payne) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character exists in Marvel's main shared universe, known as the Marvel Universe.
Publication history
Devil-Slayer was created by David Anthony Kraft and Rich Buckler. According to Kraft, Devil-Slayer was a tweaked version of a character he and Buckler had created in Demon Hunter (1975) for Atlas/Seaboard Comics. On his first day back in the Marvel Comics offices after the collapse of Atlas/Seaboard, Kraft bumped into Buckler in the hall and the two discussed bringing back Demon Hunter. Kraft recounted, "I changed his costume colors, Rich changed his costume design a little bit, we changed his name, of course - but if you look at his backstory it's a direct continuation from the Atlas issue." The character first appeared in Marvel Spotlight #33 (April 1977). Plans for Devil-Slayer to star in additional issues of Marvel Spotlight were halted by the series's cancellation, with Devil-Slayer's debut being the final issue. However, shortly after that he was added to the lineup of the Defenders.
In September 2008, Marvel released a limited series under their MAX imprint titled Dead of Night Featuring Devil-Slayer. It starred a new Devil-Slayer named Danny Sylva, the great-nephew of the original Devil-Slayer. The series was written by horror novelist Brian Keene and illustrated by Chris Samnee.
Fictional character biography
Eric Payne was born in Queenstown, Illinois. He was a member of a demon cult called the Agents of Fortune, who helped him unlock the psionic potential of his brain and gave him a mystically created dimensional cloak. He later turned on the cult and, with the aid of the Defenders, he battled Vera Gemini and the Xenogesis and helped prevent the cult's mystical plans from being realized.
He assists the Defenders in confronting a cult leader named David. This man had been granted temporary mystical powers by a coalition of demons known as the Six-Fingered Hand. Despite the passing nature of his abilities, Eric's wife Cory chose to stay with the cult leader.
As the Defenders returned to Doctor Strange's home after this confrontation, they were called into action again by the Avengers. The town of Citrusville, Florida had vanished, into a gigantic hole resembling a six-fingered hand. Eric and the rest of the group confronted a possessed Man-Thing and then traveled through dimensional realms in order to find the source of the problem.
During Eric's time with the Defenders, he helped confront a host of demons, including Balthazar, who had taken over the form of an Air Force commander. The Defenders almost died when Balthazar convinced innocent Air Force pilots that they were spies. Though his demon compatriots were eventually sucked back to their own realm, Balthazar somehow stayed on Earth.
Still in the form of the Air Force soldier, he targeted Devil-Slayer personally. Balthazar tricked Devil-Slayer into a bar full of disguised demons where Eric's drink was altered, thus removing his psychic powers. Despite this, Devil-Slayer held his own, using his magical accessories to battle the demons successfully. Balthazar and Eric were drawn into the Borders of the Land of the Dead, where stood many of his Defender allies, now seemingly dead. It was here that Balthazar was seemingly slain again.
There are indications he has returned another time, but this might be Payne's mental instability.
Eric questions his tragic life, and reconciles with his wife, then turns himself in for his past crimes. He later helps war-torn Potega, but loses his shadow-cloak, and then rededicates himself as a hero.
Devil-Slayer was later remitted to an asylum, where he discovers a shard of the Nexus of Realities, and then becomes Payne with his partner Sorrow.
Nighthawk mentioned he had talked to Eric Payne and that he was willing to join a new team of Defenders. However, when Richmond suggested it to Initiative boss Tony Stark, he declined the offer. Shortly afterwards Eric is seen as a member of the Hawaiian Initiative team, the Point Men, serving the team as their "Monster Hunter". When the new 3-D Man arrives in Hawaii, Devil-Slayer informs him that he has sensed portents of doom all day. When 3-D Man identifies team member Magnitude as a Skrull impostor, the Skrull attacks and severely wounds the other Point Men, Star Sign and Paydirt. The Skrull is killed, and Devil-Slayer uses his Shadow Cloak to teleport Delroy to Camp Hammond before taking Star Sign and Paydirt to a hospital. Devil-Slayer later appears in Utah with the cyborg Jocasta to aid 3-D Man and the Skrull Kill Krew. He spends some time teleporting the Krew and their ever-increasing allies across the country to kill Skrulls who have infiltrated the Initiative teams. As forewarned, he runs out of power and faints, leaving the final few confrontations to the speedsters the Krew have recruited.
After Doctor Strange loses his position as Sorcerer Supreme, Devil-Slayer is one of the many magic users approached by the Eye of Agamotto as a potential replacement.
Devil-Slayer (wearing a totally new costume) is recruited by Wonder Man (whose ionic energy leaking powers were affecting his judgement) to join his Revengers. He and the Revengers were defeated by the three Avengers teams and remanded to the Raft. When he was interrogated, Devil-Slayer stated that he joined the Revengers in order to make a reality where the Avengers were held accountable for their actions.
Powers and abilities
Eric Simon Payne is a trained soldier and hit man, proficient in nearly all forms of hand-to-hand weaponry and an above-average marksman.
As Devil-Slayer, Payne uses a mystical device called a shadow cloak. The cloak can elongate itself and respond to his mental commands, forming whips and grappling opponents and objects. The inside of the cloak served as a portal to other dimensions. By wrapping himself and/or others in folds of the cloak, Payne can teleport to and from other dimensions and could even teleport limited distances on Earth by entering and exiting at different locations. Time also runs differently inside the cloak, allowing Payne to place injured people in a form of stasis if he so wills.
Payne had also developed certain psychic abilities. He possesses a sixth sense that can detect mystical influence on people or creatures, useful for tracking and finding demons. He also had some degree of telekinesis and telepathy, the latter of which he typically used to mask his costume with an illusion of civilian clothes. The nature and extent of Payne's current powers remains unrevealed.
Payne could also reach into the folds of the cloak and draw out an endless supply of weapons from any time or place. He typically used melee weapons such as swords, axes or maces, but has also removed from it more modern weapons such as automatic rifles and even futuristic weapons such as a plasma rifle. On at least one occasion, he used a staff that conferred upon him a degree of invulnerability and generated energies that he could absorb to enhance his psychic abilities.
References
External links
Devil-Slayer at Marvel.com
Characters created by David Anthony Kraft
Comics characters introduced in 1977
Fictional characters from Illinois
Fictional soldiers
Marvel Comics characters who can teleport
Marvel Comics characters who have mental powers
Marvel Comics characters who use magic
Marvel Comics superheroes
Marvel Comics telekinetics
Marvel Comics telepaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devil-Slayer
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Varsha Soni (from Jaipur, Rajasthan) was a member of the Indian Women's Hockey Team. She was raised in Jaipur, Rajasthan and is the youngest of 7 sisters and 1 brother. She studied at University Maharani College, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. She started her career in Field Hockey at an early age and eventually made it onto the Indian national team where she represented India at the 1980 Summer Olympics and the 1982 Asian Games. She worked for the Indian Railways in Jaipur and is also a recipient of the Arjuna Award.
References
sports-reference
External links
Field hockey players from Jaipur
Olympic field hockey players for India
Field hockey players at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Indian female field hockey players
Rajasthani people
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
1957 births
Living people
Sportswomen from Rajasthan
20th-century Indian women
20th-century Indian people
Asian Games medalists in field hockey
Field hockey players at the 1982 Asian Games
Asian Games gold medalists for India
Medalists at the 1982 Asian Games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varsha%20Soni
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Seo District (literally west district) is a gu, or district, in south-west central Busan, South Korea.
Administrative divisions
Seo-gu is divided into 8 legal dong, which altogether comprise 14 administrative dong, as follows:
Dongdaesin-dong/East Daesin (3 administrative dong)
Seodaesin-dong/West Daesin (3 administrative dong)
Bumin-dong
Ami-dong
Chojang-dong
Chungmu-dong
Nambumin-dong/South Bumin (3 administrative dong)
Amnam-dong
In 1998 Ami 1-dong and Ami 2-dong were merged. In 2003 Seodaesin 2-dong and Seodaesin 1-dong were merged.
Politics
The area is represented in the National Assembly by the West District and East District Busan (South Korean Legislature Constituency)
Sister cities
Changhai, China
See also
Geography of South Korea
Subdivisions of South Korea
References
External links
Seo-gu website
Districts of Busan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seo%20District%2C%20Busan
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Douglas Walter Levi Summers (12 October 1911 – 1 January 2000) was an English first-class cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and slow left arm bowler who played in a single match for Worcestershire against Warwickshire in 1930.
Summers was born in Smethwick, then Staffordshire now West Midlands; he died in Worcester on New Year's Day 2000 at the age of 88.
His father Francis had a longer Worcestershire career, making 57 appearances in the 1920s.
External links
English cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
1911 births
2000 deaths
Sportspeople from Smethwick
Cricketers from Staffordshire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas%20Summers
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The Network Computing System (NCS) was an implementation of the Network Computing Architecture (NCA). It was created at Apollo Computer in the 1980s. It comprised a set of tools for implementing distributed software applications, or distributed computing.
The design and implementation of DCE/RPC, the remote procedure call mechanism in the Distributed Computing Environment, is based on NCA/NCS. It also was the first implementation of Universally unique identifiers.
References
Bibliography
Lyons, Tom (1991). Network Computing System Tutorial. Hewlett-Packard Company, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
P. Leach et al. (2005). RFC 4122 — A Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace. Internet Engineering Task Force.
Internet Protocol based network software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20Computing%20System
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Jorge E. Seijo Figueroa (born 1942) is a radio and television personality.
Early years
Seijo was born and lived most of his life in Vega Alta, Puerto Rico. At the age of 16 he started his radio career in Manatí, Puerto Rico at a local station, WMNT-AM (1500 kHz). He studied Economics at the University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras and post graduate studies at George Washington University. He later worked as a customer service liaison for Eastern Airlines. He trained with the United States Army Special Forces in Fort Benning, Georgia and went on a tour of duty in the Vietnam War soon after.
Radio career
Following the war, Seijo rejoined the army as a commissioned officer, stationed in Virginia, before returning to Puerto Rico. He assisted his wife in managing a family business while returning to radio, first as a news commentator in various local radio stations, then as a commentator and producer at WAPA, also known as "WAPA Radio". Philosophical differences with the radio station's owners made him switch to other radio stations (WQII [11-QRadio]; Super Cadena) before settling at WSKN-AM (1320 kHz).
For eleven years, Seijo hosted a program called Puerto Rico Matutino (Morning Puerto Rico) and Hora Siete in WSJU (Canal 30) in Puerto Rico, until Mega TV bought the station and canceled it. For fourteen years he hosted a radio Program in WSKN AM, Radio Isla 1320 called "Hay que tener verguenza".
Later years
On September 2, 2007 Jorge Seijo's wife, Pharmacist Ivette Claudio, died due to a heart attack while getting out of a swimming pool in a party hosted by them at their home in Vega Alta, Puerto Rico.
In 2008, Jorge Seijo remarried Claribel Santiago Lugo one year and a half after his wife's death. Seijo has a daughter, María del Pilar (Maripi) and a son Jorge Efraín; 7 grand children: Gabriel Antonio and Grecia Cristina Villafañe-Seijo; Sofía Alejandra and Andrea Natalia Seijo-Román; José Orlando Claudio-Seijo; Estefanía Teresa and Ivette Lucile.
Jorge Seijo has a recorded message play on an almost every day basis at Puerto Rico's popular television show, SuperXclusivo-La Comay, where he has also joined famous gossip doll La Comay and Cuban actor Hector Travieso for live appearances occasionally
Jorge Seijo is a member of Phi Delta Gamma, a Puerto Rican fraternity founded in Mayagüez (1942).
See also
List of Puerto Ricans
Jewish immigration to Puerto Rico
References
1942 births
Living people
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
Members of the United States Army Special Forces
People from Vega Alta, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican Army personnel
Puerto Rican radio personalities
Puerto Rican television personalities
University of Puerto Rico alumni
United States Army soldiers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge%20Seijo
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Cedric Daniels is a fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire, portrayed by Lance Reddick. Daniels is well-regarded in the Baltimore Police Department for making his subordinates focus on decent police work and quality arrests. He occasionally has disagreements with higher-ranking officers but for the most part performs well, and has thereby gained a reputation as both a reliable commander and an above-average investigator within the force, in stark contrast to some of his superiors and peers, most of whom display varying degrees of corruption and unreliability.
Daniels was investigated by the FBI for corruption prior to the start of the series. By the end of the series, he rises through the ranks to police commissioner but resigns after refusing a political request to manipulate crime statistics. As a result, he starts a new career as a criminal defense lawyer.
Biography
Season 1
Daniels was the lieutenant of the Baltimore Police Department's Narcotics Unit, and the shift commander for detectives Kima Greggs, Ellis Carver, and Thomas "Herc" Hauk. His commanding officer is Major Raymond Foerster.
When Jimmy McNulty prompts Judge Daniel Phelan to start asking questions about the Barksdale Organization, Daniels is unable to give Foerster much information on Avon Barksdale, who has managed to operate under the radar until then. Soon afterward, Daniels is given command of the Barksdale detail and appoints Greggs as lead detective.
Daniels meets with Deputy Commissioner Ervin Burrell, who tells him the case should be made with buy busts in a fast, straightforward investigation. Daniels discusses the new assignment with his wife Marla and promises to run the investigation per the wishes of the higher-ups.
Marla's own ambitions drive her to pursue a career in politics, and Daniels attends political fundraisers with her. At one such function, Daniels finds himself hiding with the politicians' drivers in the kitchen. There, he meets State Senator Clay Davis' driver Damian "Day-Day" Price, later discovered to be a bag man involved with the Barksdales.
Daniels has a difficult relationship with the insubordinate McNulty, who is informed by his FBI contact that Daniels has $200,000 more in liquid assets than his salary warrants; it is later implied that these were picked up during Daniels' tenure in the Eastern District.
Daniels initially tries to follow Burrell's advice that the operation should be fast and simple, and shoots down McNulty's suggestions to mount a surveillance operation. Daniels also has difficulties with several other detectives deliberately assigned to the detail because they are considered the worst in the department: Patrick Mahon is injured by Bodie Broadus during a raid and takes early retirement, after which Mahon's partner Augustus Polk takes to drinking and misses several days' work. However, in contrast, Lester Freamon proves to be quietly capable and a huge asset to Daniels' detail.
Another problematic assignee to the detail is Roland "Prez" Pryzbylewski, a trigger happy detective who had once shot up his own patrol car. Daniels is able to convince Prez's commanding officer, Lieutenant Walter Cantrell, to balance taking Prez out of his hands by assigning him the promising Leander Sydnor. Prez attends an unsanctioned, drunken late-night raid on the Barksdale tower operations with Herc and Carver, during which Prez seriously injures a young boy. Daniels defends Prez to his superiors and gains the respect of his father-in-law, Major Stan Valchek. Under Daniels' supervision, both Prez and Sydnor become valuable assets to the detail.
Elsewhere, Daniels suspects Herc and Carver of skimming seized drug money. He leniently gives them one day to return the money rather than immediately turning them in.
As the investigation progresses, Daniels' attitude towards the case changes, and he risks his career several times in order to protect it. For example, when Major William Rawls wants to issue a murder warrant for D'Angelo Barksdale based on flimsy evidence, Daniels resorts to bypassing the chain of command and persuading Burrell to delay the warrants.
Freamon uncovers the Barksdales' campaign contributions to Baltimore political figures, leading Daniels' team to arrest Day-Day. However, rather than seize the Barksdale money in Day-Day's possession, Daniels is forced to return the funds with no further investigation, to avoid raising Davis' ire.
Burrell tries to shut the detail down and threatens to reveal the source of Daniels' liquid assets, but Daniels calls his bluff and points out that doing so would bring bad press to the BPD. Daniels also is able to determine that Burrell is using Carver as a mole.
The Barksdale investigation ends with the arrests of Avon and D'Angelo, along with soldier Wee-Bey Brice and several other members of the organization. Convictions are secured against all participants, and Wee-Bey confesses to several unsolved murders to prevent fallout from reaching other members of the organization.
Daniels is left unsatisfied because Avon is convicted for minor offenses, and Avon's right-hand man, Stringer Bell, escapes uncharged. Much better results are within Daniels' grasp when his team convinces D'Angelo to testify against the organization. However, D'Angelo's mother Brianna talks him out of it, and he ends up taking a 20-year sentence for his family.
At the end of the first season, Daniels is passed over for promotion to major in favor of Cantrell. However, he has won the respect of his unit for his dedication to their cases, which surpasses that of their other commanding officers.
Season 2
As punishment for defying Burrell, Daniels is reassigned to evidence control. Daniels contemplates quitting to become a lawyer, but reconsiders when Valchek insists that he be given command of a special detail to investigate stevedore union leader Frank Sobotka. Daniels realizes Valchek had asked for him personally in exchange for offering Burrell political support, and uses this fact to leverage several promises from Burrell.
Daniels insists on picking his own detectives and forces Burrell to agree that he become commander of a permanent unit if the investigation is successful. The new detail initially consists of Prez, Greggs and Herc.
At Herc's insistence, Daniels allows Carver the chance to rejoin the team despite his previous treachery. Daniels campaigns for McNulty and Freamon to rejoin the team, but Rawls refuses to reverse his punitive transfer of McNulty to the marine unit. Daniels's detail works closely with Bunk Moreland, who is investigating the discovery of fourteen Jane Does at the Port of Baltimore, and Officer Beadie Russell, detailed to Bunk's investigation from the Port Authority.
Russell blossoms into a capable investigator with Daniels's team and is instrumental in coming up with the idea of cloning the port's computers to monitor smuggling. Daniels finally persuades Rawls to let McNulty return by agreeing to take on Rawls's murders from the docks. Meanwhile, Daniels has tensions with Marla due to his career decisions. Eventually, they begin to sleep in different rooms of their home.
The detail links Sobotka's union to a smuggling operation run by a mysterious figure called "The Greek". Sobotka's son Ziggy is arrested for killing the Greek's fence, George "Double G" Glekas, and his nephew Nick is proven to be involved in drug dealing. Daniels' detail is not informed of Ziggy's arrest until after he gives a signed confession to Sergeant Jay Landsman, giving the Greek time to clear out his warehouse.
Valchek becomes disillusioned with Daniels when he learns that he has shifted his focus away from Sobotka and insults the detail in a heated meeting. Daniels is forced once again to defend Prez after he punches Valchek. Daniels quickly collects statements from everyone present and convinces Valchek that it would be best to accept Prez's apology.
Sobotka is arrested along with several other people identified by the detail. It is only after they attempt to arrest Double G that they learn he was murdered by Ziggy. To protect his family, Daniels's team convince Sobotka to act as an informant on the Greek and arranged for him to return with a lawyer the next day. However, Sobotka is murdered before his testimony can be taken, and the Greek evades arrest.
The investigation is disappointing for the detail, but is deemed a tremendous success for the BPD. Bunk and Freamon secure evidence that solves the Jane Doe homicides, but no conviction is made since the suspect was killed by the Greek. However, "White" Mike McArdle, Sergei Malatov and Eton Ben-Eleazer are arrested, putting Daniels in the department's good graces once again.
Season 3
Burrell follows through with his promise and lets Daniels form a permanent Major Case Unit, consisting of McNulty, Greggs, Freamon, Prez, Sydnor, and a new recruit, Caroline Massey. The detail returns to investigating the Barksdales and their association with Proposition Joe, an East Baltimore drug kingpin with links to the Greek. Cedric separates from Marla, partly because of her dissatisfaction with his career path, which Cedric blames on her own political climbing.
Nonetheless, he continues to support her, attending functions in uniform and acting the part of a devoted husband. Cedric starts a relationship with State's Attorney Rhonda Pearlman, but is skeptical about making it public while Marla runs for Baltimore City Council; he claims that it will look bad for Marla's political career to have him leave her for a white woman.
Daniels gets commended several times by several senior figures throughout the BPD due to his good police work, including Burrell, Rawls, and Major Howard "Bunny" Colvin, amongst others. This, however, is not enough for Daniels, whose promotion to major is being held up due to Marla's political conflicts. Daniels also feels that Burrell is purposefully holding him back due to past incidents. Daniels becomes even more angered when McNulty goes around the chain of command to Colvin, and has the MCU shift its focus back to the Barksdales.
Daniels makes it clear that McNulty is done with the MCU after Stringer is arrested. Stringer is murdered before he can be apprehended, but Avon is rearrested on weapons charges. When Colvin is forced to retire from the BPD due to his "Hamsterdam" experiment, Daniels is promoted to Colvin's old post as major for the Western District, as Mayor Clarence Royce throws support behind Marla.
Season 4
Daniels tries to convince McNulty, now a patrolman in the Western, to return to detective work with no success. He realizes that McNulty is better off with his new rank on a personal level. Greggs meets with Daniels to discuss a transfer after Rawls appoints the abrasive Lieutenant Charles Marimow to head the MCU. Daniels suggests a move to Homicide, and successfully meets with Rawls to facilitate the transfer.
Elsewhere, after finding out that his student Randy Wagstaff knows information about Curtis “Lex” Anderson's murder, Prez – now a schoolteacher – meets with Daniels, who suggests that Prez consult with Carver over the matter. Following the mayoral election, Daniels attends a COMSTAT meeting and tells Burrell and Rawls that the homicide rate in the Western has dropped while other felony rates have risen. Mayor-elect Tommy Carcetti observes the meeting and is impressed that Daniels prioritizes quality felony arrests over statistical reductions in crime.
Carcetti learns that he is more respected than most other commanding officers in the BPD. Daniels is invited to lunch with Carcetti and takes his offer to be appointed commander of the Criminal Investigations Division (CID) under Rawls. Burrell realizes that the new mayor intends to promote Daniels to commissioner at his own expense. Burrell and Davis convince city council president Nerese Campbell to oppose Daniels, hinting that they plan to revisit the previous corruption allegations against him.
As CID colonel, Daniels clears Herc of a racial profiling incident and assists Freamon in building a case against Marlo Stanfield. Freamon discovers evidence of dead bodies in vacant row houses and asks Daniels for more manpower for a citywide search. The city's homicide rate increases dramatically with the discovery of 22 concealed bodies.
Daniels transfers McNulty back into the MCU, with the unit again refocused on Stanfield. Rawls comes to believe that Daniels will be moved up the ladder while Burrell and Davis conspire to keep Daniels from getting the commissioner's post.
Season 5
Daniels is outraged when Carcetti closes the MCU due to budgetary problems, leaving the investigations into Davis, Stanfield, and the vacant murders unresolved. He and Pearlman arrange a meeting with Carcetti and State's Attorney Rupert Bond, leading to the mayor approving a two-man detail for the Davis case. Daniels is further angered that Davis has been given priority over the vacant murders. He reluctantly reassigns McNulty and Greggs to homicide, while putting Freamon and Sydnor on the Davis detail.
Carcetti finally accrues the political capital he needs to fire Burrell when the commissioner delivers false crime statistics. The mayor plans to temporarily promote Rawls to acting commissioner, with Daniels serving as Deputy Commissioner of Operations to prepare him to permanently take over the post. Carcetti leaks the story to The Baltimore Sun to gauge reaction to Daniels. However, the story runs with a quote, invented by reporter Scott Templeton, falsely implicating Daniels in causing Burrell's departure.
Daniels meets with Marla to discuss Burrell's potential reaction to the story, and both become worried that he will reveal evidence of corruption from Daniels's past. Marla persuades Daniels to approach Burrell and promise not to take his post. Burrell gives Daniels the silent treatment.
Campbell convinces Burrell to leave quietly in exchange for a comfortable replacement position. Carcetti holds a press conference to announce the promotions. Daniels is promoted to commissioner after the homeless killings and the vacant murders are solved, but resigns from the position over threats from Campbell and his refusal to "juke the stats". His last act as commissioner is to confer a set of promotions, including that of Carver to lieutenant. In the final flash-forward montage, Daniels is shown practicing as a criminal defense lawyer before Pearlman, who recuses herself as a newly commissioned judge.
Production
Casting
Lance Reddick was cast in the role after auditioning for the parts of Bunk Moreland and Bubbles. He was told that they were looking for "a name" to fill the Daniels role. Reddick has described the character as serious, intense and committed. Although a number of actors are credited in every episode regardless of their appearance, Daniels appears in more episodes of the show than any other character (58 out of 60), and is also the last original character to miss an episode.
References
Fictional African-American people
Fictional American lawyers
The Wire characters
Fictional Baltimore Police Department detectives
Fictional police lieutenants
Fictional majors
Fictional colonels
Television characters introduced in 2002
American male characters in television
University of Baltimore School of Law alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedric%20Daniels
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David Clayton Henrie ( ; born July 11, 1989) is an American actor, writer, and director. He is noted for playing Ted Mosby's future son Luke on How I Met Your Mother and Justin Russo in Wizards of Waverly Place, as well as starring in the films Little Boy and Walt Before Mickey.
Early life
Henrie was born in Mission Viejo, California, to Linda Henrie (née Finocchiaro), a talent manager, and James Wilson Henrie, a producer formerly in real estate. He is the older brother of actor Lorenzo James Henrie. His maternal grandparents were Italian. Henrie was raised as a Roman Catholic, and, in a video chat, stated that he is "a Christian and always will be". He grew up in Phoenix, Arizona.
Career
At age 13, Henrie landed a regular role as Petey Pitt on the Fox sitcom The Pitts. Henrie next landed a leading role in the Hallmark movie, Monster Makers, with Linda Blair and George Kennedy, and was asked to come back for another Hallmark movie, to play a role in Dead Hollywood Moms Society. He also starred as Skylar Blaford in the Fox's sitcom Method & Red.
Henrie guest starred in many shows such as Providence, Without a Trace, The Mullets, Judging Amy, The D.A., Jack & Bobby, NCIS, House, and Cold Case. Before his role on Wizards of Waverly Place, he had a recurring role on That's So Raven as Cory's friend Larry. Henrie also had a recurring role on How I Met Your Mother, where he played Ted's future son.
At the age of 18, Henrie got the role of Justin Russo in the Disney Channel Original Series, Wizards of Waverly Place. The show premiered on October 12, 2007. He was in the movie Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie with the cast of the series. Henrie played Justin Vincenzo Pepé Russo through the whole series. About a year after the finale, a film, The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex premiered on March 15, 2013, without Henrie, but his character was mentioned, and a photo of him is shown. Henrie is credited with writing two episodes of Wizards of Waverly Place, "Alex's Logo" and the series special "Meet the Werewolves".
He had a role in the Disney Channel Original Movie Dadnapped co-starring Emily Osment. Henrie made a guest appearance as himself in two episodes of Jonas. According to Reuters, Henrie was officially named the Grand Marshal for the 2009 Toyota Pro/Celebrity Race.
In 2010, Henrie guest-starred in the web series Easy to Assemble. In 2012, Henrie voiced the character of Shawn in the movie The Secret World of Arrietty.
Henrie appeared in Grown Ups 2 (2013), opposite Taylor Lautner and Adam Sandler. In 2014, Henrie played the lead in 1000 to 1: The Cory Weissman Story, the true story of a young basketball player who suffered a catastrophic stroke as a freshman at Gettysburg College. Later that year, Henrie guest starred in the ABC show Mind Games.
As of 2014, Henrie has directed two short films, Boo! and Catch.
In 2015, Henrie played the role of Lane, a valet who falls for Paul Blart's daughter, in the sequel Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2. He also co-starred as London Busbee, older brother of the title character, in the drama Little Boy, and had a role in the indie biographical drama film Walt Before Mickey in which he plays Rudy Ising, who worked for Walt Disney. Henrie had cameo appearances in indie drama Cardboard Boxer and Warrior Road.
In 2018, Henrie directed a coming-of-age film This Is the Year, in which he also starred and co-wrote. In August 2020, Henrie and his Wizards of Waverly Place co-star Selena Gomez, who served as executive producer on the film, announced the virtual movie premiere of This Is the Year. In 2023, Henrie played the role of Ted in the Tubi original series Underdeveloped.
Personal life
On April 6, 2012, Good Friday, Henrie accompanied Eduardo Verástegui in a speech addressing life issues at the Church of the Most Blessed Sacrament in the city of Piura, Peru.In October 2016, Henrie became engaged to former Miss Delaware 2011, Maria Cahill. They were married on April 21, 2017. They have three children, a girl born in March 2019, a boy born in December 2020, and a girl born in July 2022. He is a practicing Roman Catholic.
Legal issues
On September 10, 2018, Henrie was arrested and charged at Los Angeles International Airport under allegations of carrying a loaded gun in the airport. He later released a statement on Twitter apologizing for the incident, stating that the act was unintentional and the gun was legally purchased. On September 26, 2018, it was reported Henrie was charged on three counts for "carrying a loaded firearm, carrying a concealed firearm, and possessing a weapon in a sterile area of the airport".
Filmography
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
21st-century American male actors
Male actors from California
American male child actors
American people of Italian descent
American people of English descent
American people of Swiss-German descent
American people of Welsh descent
American male film actors
American male television actors
Male actors from Phoenix, Arizona
People from Mission Viejo, California
Catholics from California
American Roman Catholics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Henrie
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Human Rights Internet (HRI) is a non-governmental organization based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, supporting the exchange of information within the worldwide human rights community.
It was co-founded by the political scientist Laurie S. Wiseberg (then at the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle), who typed the first issue of its newsletter and mailed it to about 100 people, mostly social scientists and legal scholars studying human rights. Launched in 1976 under the name InterNet: the International Human Rights Documentation Network, the organization employed the term InterNet six years before the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was introduced as the standard networking protocol on the ARPANET, the precursor to the modern Internet. Originally the organization employed the term to refer to the concept of an international network of human rights organizations.
Over the years HRI has worked with several governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental actors to collect and disseminate human rights information, to stimulate reflections and discussions on human rights. Today, HRI is working to build an online space where individuals and organizations can access current human rights information and resources; to inspire education, advocacy and dialogue in Canada and beyond.
Held at the University of Connecticut's Archives and Special Collections in the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, the Laurie S. Wiseberg and Harry Scoble Human Rights Internet Collection consists of 343 linear feet of newsletters, reports, correspondence, ephemera, and other materials collected from human rights non-governmental organizations.
References
External links
Human Rights Internet
Human rights organizations based in Canada
Non-profit organizations based in Ottawa
Organizations established in 1976
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Rights%20Internet
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1,4-Dihydropyridine (DHP) is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CH=CH)2NH. The parent compound is uncommon, but derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine are important commercially and biologically. The pervasive cofactors NADH and NADPH are derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine. 1,4-Dihydropyridine-based drugs are L-type calcium channel blockers, used in the treatment of hypertension. 1,2-Dihydropyridines are also known.
Properties and reactions
A recurring feature of 1,4-dihydropyridines is the presence of substituents at the 2- and 6-positions. Dihydropyridines are enamines, which otherwise tend to tautomerize or hydrolyze.
The dominant reaction of dihydropyridines is their ease of oxidation. In the case of dihydropyridines with hydrogen as the substituent on nitrogen, oxidation yields pyridines:
CH2(CH=CR)2NH → C5H3R2N + H2
The naturally-occurring dihydropyridines NADH and NADPH contain N-alkyl groups. Therefore, their oxidation does not yield pyridine, but N-alkylpyridinium cations:
CH2(CH=CR)2NR' → C5H3R2NR' + H−
See also
Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
Hantzsch ester
Dihydropyridine receptor
References
External links
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C4-Dihydropyridine
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Eva Estrada Kalaw ( Evangelina Reynada Estrada; June 16, 1920 – May 25, 2017) was a Filipina politician who served as a senator in the Senate of the Philippines from 1965 to 1972 during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos. She was one of the key opposition figures against Marcos' 20-year authoritarian rule and was instrumental in his downfall during the People Power Revolution. As a senator, she wrote several laws relating to education in the Philippines, such as the salary standardization for public school personnel, the Magna Carta for Private Schools, the Magna Carta for Students, and an act to institute a charter for Barrio High Schools. She was also among the Liberal Party candidates injured during the Plaza Miranda bombing on August 21, 1971.
Early life
Kalaw was born in Murcia, Tarlac (present-day Concepcion, Tarlac), on June 16, 1920, to Dr. Salvador Estrada and Demetria Reynado. She took up Bachelor of Science in Education, with a major in home economics from the University of the Philippines in Manila. She was a member of the university's Sigma Delta Phi sorority.
An expert pistol shooter, she was once hailed the national ladies' champion in rapid-fire pistol shooting. She trained under the auspices of Filipino Olympian in shooting Martin Gison. After graduating from UP in 1940, Kalaw taught in several universities such as the Far Eastern University, National Teachers College and Centro Escolar University while taking up postgraduate studies in social work.
On June 11, 1944, she married entrepreneur and Bataan Death March veteran Teodoro Kalaw Jr., son of former Batangas legislator Teodoro Kalaw. They had four children: daughter Maria Eva (nicknamed "Chingbee"), and sons Teodoro III, Salvador and Tyrone. Her son Teodoro followed in her footsteps and became a national pistol shooting champion and Olympic pistol shooter himself. Through her marriage to Kalaw, she became sister-in-law of fellow senator Maria Kalaw-Katigbak.
Kalaw was very active in social work and was part of the different civic organizations in the country. She was the first president of the Jayceerettes Organization, founder and national chairperson of Samahang Filipina, director of the League of Women Voters and the Chamber of Home Industries of the Philippines, board member of the Special Child Study Center for Retarded Children and chairperson of the Youth Welfare Council. She was also active in the Presidential Peace and Amelioration Campaign, the Rizal Red Cross, Anti–Tuberculosis of the Philippines and the Civic Assembly of Women's Clubs in the Philippine Association of the University Women. For her social work, she won a citation for being the Outstanding Volunteer Social Worker of the Year.
Political career
First term
A member of the Nacionalista Party, Kalaw first entered politics in 1953 when she campaigned for Nacionalista presidential candidate and former Defense Secretary Ramon Magsaysay, who ran against the incumbent president Elpidio Quirino. In 1957, she also campaigned for Senator Claro M. Recto when he ran for president against incumbent president Carlos P. Garcia. During the Garcia administration, Kalaw headed the National Economic Protectionism Association, a non-government organization that staunchly promoted economic protectionism and promotion of Filipino businesses and products.
During the 1965 Senatorial Elections, Kalaw was part of the senatorial slate of the Nacionalista Party candidate Ferdinand Marcos and won. As senator, she introduced a total of 41 bills, including ones for salary increases of public school teachers (RA 5158); the creation of Local School Boards (RA 5447) and of the Barrio High School Charter/Magna Carta for Private Schools (RA 6054); the Educational Financing Act (RA 6728) and the inclusion of the presidents of student councils in the Board of Regents of all state colleges and universities. During her term, she was the chairperson of the Senate Committee on Games, Amusements, and Tourism, as well as the Senate Committee on National Minorities.
Second term and martial law
Relations between Kalaw and the ruling Nacionalista Party were uneasy under the Marcos administration. The increasing authoritarianism of the Marcos government led Kalaw to become one of the few people within the party to criticize the administration. By 1971, convinced that the party will not include her in the senatorial slate for the upcoming elections, Kalaw decided to accept the offer from her cousin, opposition senator Benigno Aquino Jr., to become guest candidate of the Liberal Party. During the party's miting de avance at Plaza Miranda in Quiapo, Manila on August 21, 1971, Kalaw was among the senatorial candidates present when an unidentified assailant threw two hand grenades at the stage. She wasn't seriously injured, but fellow party members such as Senator Jovito Salonga, Manila mayoralty candidate Ramon Bagatsing and Manila city councilor Ambrosio Lorenzo Jr. were among those seriously harmed. On election day, however, Kalaw, together with five other Liberal Party senatorial candidates—Jovito Salonga, Genaro Magsaysay, John Henry Osmeña, Eddie Ilarde and Ramon Mitra Jr.—won six out of eight Senate seats. She was the first-ever female Filipino senator to win two consecutive terms.
Since the Plaza Miranda incident, Kalaw dedicated her second term to becoming full-time opposition to President Marcos. However, Marcos' declaration of Martial Law and abolition of Congress cut short her term. Nevertheless, she continued in her activism in opposition of Martial Law, resulting in her imprisonment at Fort Bonifacio twice, including one in 1979 for allegedly participating in a coup attempt against Marcos.
Assemblywoman of Manila
Following her release from prison, Kalaw worked to unite a fragmented opposition by bringing together the remnants of the Liberal and Nacionalista parties to form United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO), which would serve as the main opposition party against Marcos' Kilusang Bagong Lipunan. The assassination of opposition figure Benigno Aquino Jr. on August 21, 1983 further emboldened the opposition parties to fight Marcos, and in 1984, Kalaw ran as assemblywoman and won one of six seats in the Regular Batasang Pambansa for Manila. She was joined by fellow UNIDO assemblymen Jose Atienza Jr., Carlos Fernando, Gemiliano Lopez Jr. and Gonzalo Puyat II who occupied four of the remaining seats (the last seat going to KBL candidate Arturo Tolentino).
Vice presidential bid
In November 1985, President Marcos called for a snap presidential election in order to convince the American government that he is still in control of the Philippines amid the economic crisis that affected the country since the assassination of Aquino. Kalaw, along with Senator Salvador Laurel, were among the opposition members who expressed their intention to run for president. However, majority of UNIDO members preferred Aquino's widow Corazon Aquino as the party's official presidential candidate. Both Laurel and Kalaw decided to give in to Aquino after nationwide signature campaign gathered more than a million signatures urging Aquino to run for president. In her choice of vice president, however, Aquino chose Laurel over Kalaw, who decided to unsuccessfully run as a third vice presidential candidate under the Kalaw-wing of the Liberal Party. However, the snap elections on February 7, 1986 were mired with allegations of rampant fraud by the government, and the tandem of Aquino and Laurel came to power as president and vice president respectively after a peaceful People Power Revolution from February 23–25, 1986 that toppled the Marcos regime.
Post-EDSA Revolution
After the People Power Revolution, Kalaw joined the opposition against Corazon Aquino's administration. She was among the few UNIDO members who joined the Grand Alliance for Democracy, a coalition party that consisted mostly of defectors from Marcos' Kilusang Bagong Lipunan, Nacionalista Party and the UNIDO. She was one of GAD's senatorial candidates during the 1987 Senatorial Elections but lost. In 1992, Kalaw was reunited with former Vice President Laurel, and the two ran together as the Nacionalista Party's candidates for President and Vice President during the 1992 Philippine presidential elections, but they both lost to Aquino's Defense Secretary Fidel V. Ramos and former actor and Senator Joseph Estrada.
Kalaw's last foray in public service was her appointment as managing director and resident representative of the Philippines at the Manila Economic and Cultural Office, the country's de facto embassy in Taipei, Taiwan during the Ramos and Estrada administrations.
Awards
Among Kalaw's many awards, the most prestigious was the Mahatma Gandhi Freedom Award which was conferred to her on April 2, 1985 by the Department of Anthropology of the College of William & Mary in Virginia, United States. The award is given annually to outstanding scholars or public figures who, given by personal example, have given meaning and substance to freedom. Among other recipients of the award were her cousin Senator Benigno Aquino Jr., Senator Jovito Salonga, K. R. Narayanan, H. R. Choudry and K. S. Bajpai.
Death
Kalaw died on May 25, 2017, at 96 due to an undisclosed ailment. She is survived by her daughter Chingbee Kalaw-Cuenca, sons Teodoro III Kalaw, Salvador and Tyrone, as well as 13 grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren. Her remains were laid to rest at Loyola Memorial Park in Parañaque.
Notes
References
External links
Eva Estrada Kalaw profile on the Senate of the Philippines website
1920 births
2017 deaths
People from Tarlac
Senators of the 7th Congress of the Philippines
Senators of the 6th Congress of the Philippines
Nacionalista Party politicians
Liberal Party (Philippines) politicians
Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Manila
Politicians from Manila
Candidates in the 1992 Philippine vice-presidential election
Candidates in the 1986 Philippine vice-presidential election
Members of the Batasang Pambansa
20th-century Filipino women politicians
20th-century Filipino politicians
Women members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
Women members of the Senate of the Philippines
University of the Philippines Manila alumni
Burials at the Loyola Memorial Park
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva%20Estrada%20Kalaw
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The Hitman is a 1991 Canadian-American action film starring Chuck Norris. It was directed by Aaron Norris and written by Don Carmody, Robert Geoffrion and Galen Thompson.
Plot
Seattle cop Cliff Garret (Chuck Norris) is severely wounded in a drug bust gone bad—shot by his corrupt partner Ronny “Del” Delany (Michael Parks).
Garret dies momentarily in the emergency room, but is revived with a defibrillator. His police supervisor, Chambers, has the hospital conceal his survival, and Garret is given a new identity. Garret becomes hitman Danny Grogan and, a year later, he infiltrates the organization of mob boss mafioso Marco Luganni (Al Waxman).
The plan is for Grogan to bring together Luganni and his rival, French Canadian mafioso boss André LaCombe (Marcel Sabourin), so they can both be taken down together. After two years of working the plan, a gang of Iranian drug dealers looking to muscle in on everyone's territories suddenly enter the picture when they make a hit on one of Luganni's teams just as they finished making a hit on a team of LaCombe's money carriers.
Grogan plays all parties against one another while befriending a fatherless boy named Tim Murphy (Salim Grant), who lives in the apartment down the hall and is being bullied by a racist white kid in the neighborhood. Tim's mother works three jobs, so he begins spending time with Grogan. Grogan teaches Tim how to fight after seeing him bullied on the street one day. When Tim stands up to the white kid, he gets the best of him, then watches as the white kid is dragged off by his father and beaten for losing the fight. Grogan walks across the street, punches the father in the nose through a screen door, so hard that it knocks the father to the ground, then Grogan walks away.
Grogan's past returns to haunt him in the person of Ronny Delany, who is secretly working with Luganni. Delany recognizes Grogan as Garret, and ties Tim to a chair loaded with explosives in a bid to force Grogan to cooperate. Delany sets off the chair bomb, but Grogan is unharmed and Tim survives.
Grogan turns the tables on them all. At a meeting to set terms of an alliance, Delany has Luganni's men kill LaCombe and his men. Then the Iranians and Delany kill Luganni, but Grogan arrives on the scene and kills all of them. Grogan leaves an enormous sum of money for Tim and his mother in Tim's hospital room. Tim's mother discovers it and is very grateful. In the end, in retribution for what he did to Tim, Grogan blows Delany up while tied to a chair hanging outside a window, much to the chagrin of Chambers.
Cast
Production
Norris was originally in talks to star in Fifty/Fifty for director Charles Martin Smith, before committing to this picture instead.
Reception
Box office
The film was a box-office success.
Critical response
Had mixed reviews from critics. Movie historian Leonard Maltin called the picture "Fairly awful...Although Norris gets to play a heavy for the first time in over a decade, this "stretch" still isn't enough to distinguish the movie from Chuck's other recent cinematic misses—especially since we know all along it's a ruse. Stuntwork remains the film's only redemption."
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a score of 13% based on 8 reviews.
See also
List of American films of 1991
Chuck Norris filmography
References
External links
1991 films
Canadian crime action films
English-language Canadian films
American crime action films
1990s action films
American police detective films
Films directed by Aaron Norris
American films about revenge
Films set in Washington (state)
Films produced by Don Carmody
Golan-Globus films
Canadian detective films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
1990s Canadian films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Hitman
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Kaldor is a Jewish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Amber Kaldor (born 1990), Australian acrobatic gymnast
Avraham Kaldor, Israeli winner of the Netanya chess tournament in 1976
Connie Kaldor (born 1953), Canadian folk singer and songwriter
John Kaldor (born 1936), Australian art collector and philanthropist
John Kaldor, a character in the 1996 novel Awake and Dreaming by Kit Pearson
Lee Kaldor, Democratic legislator in the North Dakota State House
Mary Kaldor (born 1946), British economics academic
Nicholas Kaldor (1908–1986), British economist
See also
Kaldor City, fictional city of the future in Doctor Who
Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law
Kaldar (disambiguation)
Calder (surname)
Calder (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldor
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This is a list of singles which topped the Irish Singles Chart in 1966.
Note that prior to 1992, the Irish singles chart was compiled from trade shipments from the labels to record stores, rather than on consumer sales.
See also
1966 in music
Irish Singles Chart
List of artists who reached number one in Ireland
1966 in Irish music
1966 record charts
1966
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20number-one%20singles%20of%201966%20%28Ireland%29
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The Dornier Do 22 was a German seaplane, developed in the 1930s. Despite good performance, it was built only in small numbers and entirely for the export market. The type was operated in the Second World War by Finland, Greece and Yugoslavia.
Development and design
In 1934, Dornier's Swiss subsidiary, based at its factory at Altenrhein, designed a three-seat, single-engined military floatplane, the Do C3; two prototypes were built, with the first flown in 1935.
It was a parasol wing monoplane of fabric-covered all-metal construction. Its slightly swept back wing was attached to the fuselage by bracing struts, and its two floats were braced to both the wing and fuselage. It was powered by a Hispano-Suiza 12Ybrs engine driving a three-bladed propeller, and could carry a single torpedo or bombs under the fuselage. Defensive armament was one fixed forward-firing machine gun, also two in the rear cockpit and one in a ventral tunnel.
The first production model, known as the Do 22/See when fitted with floats, did not fly until 15 July 1938 from Dornier's factory at Friedrichshafen, Germany, although it did incorporate parts made in Switzerland. While the Luftwaffe was not interested in the aircraft, examples were sold to Yugoslavia, Greece and Latvia. In March 1939, a prototype with conventional landing gear (the Do 22L), was completed and test-flown, but it did not enter production.
Operational history
The Greek Do 22s were destroyed during the German invasion of the Balkans in 1941, but the crews of eight of the Yugoslav machines successfully evaded capture or destruction by fleeing to Egypt. There they flew under the control of the British Royal Air Force until the lack of spare parts made the aircraft unusable.
The four Latvian aircraft had not been delivered when the Soviet Union occupied Latvia in 1940, and were retained by Germany. In 1942 they were transferred to Finland, being used on floats or skis until the end of the war.
Variants
Do C3
Prototypes of the Do 22, two built
Do 22Kg
Export version for Greece.
Do 22Kj
Export version for Yugoslavia.
Do 22Kl
Export version for Latvia. Not delivered, but eventually transferred to Finland.
Do 22L
Land-based aircraft, fitted with a conventional landing gear. One prototype only.
Operators
Finnish Air Force – four Do 22KI
Royal Hellenic Air Force
Latvian Air Force
Yugoslav Royal Navy – 12
Specifications (Do 22)
See also
Notes
References
Donald, David (ed.) The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Leicester, UK: Blitz Editions. .
Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Six Floatplanes. London:Macdonald, 1962.
March, Daniel J. British Warplanes of World War II. London:Aerospace Publishing, 1998. .
Smith, J.R. and Kay, Antony L. German Aircraft of the Second World War. London:Putnam, 1972. .
External links
A history of military equipment of Modern Greece (1821 - today): Greek Do.22 Kg
Do 022
1930s German bomber aircraft
World War II aircraft of Finland
Aircraft first flown in 1938
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Floatplanes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dornier%20Do%2022
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Hermann Aron (; 1 October 1845 – 29 August 1913) was a German researcher of electrical engineering.
Background
Aron was born in Kempen (Kępno), in modern-day Poland, at the time a shtetl in the Province of Posen. His father was a chazzan and merchant. The family wanted him to train as a Jewish scholar or scrivener, however wealthy relatives made it possible for him to attend from 1862 the high school at Kölln, Berlin and after graduating in 1867, to study at the University of Berlin. Aron began by studying medicine, but changed in the 3rd term to mathematics and natural sciences. From 1870 he studied at the University of Heidelberg, with such notable physics lecturers as Helmholtz and Kirchhoff. He obtained his doctorate from Berlin in 1873 and became an assistant at the physical laboratory of the trade academy (Gewerbeakademie). He taught at the University of Berlin where he became professor of physics, and at the Prussian Army's school for artillery and engineers.
He is buried in Weißensee Cemetery, Berlin.
Electricity meters
In 1883 he patented the "Pendelzähler" - the first accurate watt-hour meter. The meter contained two pendulum clocks, with coils around their pendulum bobs. One was accelerated and the other slowed in proportion to the current used. A differential gear mechanism measured the difference in speed between the two clocks and counted this on a series of dials. The first meters used clockwork clocks that required manual winding monthly. Later models were self-winding by electricity. This meter was introduced into Great Britain by Hugo Hirst, and made and sold by his General Electric Company from 1888.
He also invented another Wattmeter, the eponymous 'Aronschaltung' . This is a circuit for measuring total power in three-phase AC circuits, whilst requiring only two direct measurements of power.
These inventions expanded into a business with factories in Paris (1890), London (1893), Vienna (1897) and Schweidnitz, Silesia. By the time of his death in 1913, it employed over 1,000 people.
Nora radio
His son continued the business of H. Aron, watthour meter factory GmbH, changing its name in 1929 to Aron electricity company ltd., Berlin Charlottenburg. The company had diversified into the new market for radios, sold under the name "Nora". This was "Aron" spelled backwards: in the increasing atmosphere of antisemitism, it was prudent to avoid using a name that was so obviously Jewish. In 1933 the company was renamed again, to the fashionably Modernist and anonymous "Heliowatt". At this time Nora had around 3,000 employees and a market share of around 8%, making them the fourth-largest manufacturer after Telefunken, SABA and Mende.
antisemitism continued to grow in Germany, and in 1935 the family sold the business to Siemens-Schuckert and fled to the USA.
The Charlottenburg factory was bombed in 1943, but the Nora brand continued after the war. After a series of advertisements promising their imminent return, they returned to manufacturing in 1947.
Heliowattwerke GmbH finally closed in 1996.
References
External links
TU intern Oktober 2005 at www.tu-berlin.de (German)
1845 births
1913 deaths
People from Kępno County
19th-century German Jews
German electrical engineers
People from the Province of Posen
Heidelberg University alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Electronics companies of Germany
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann%20Aron
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WZNX (106.7 FM) is a mainstream rock radio station. It is licensed in Sullivan, Illinois, and is owned by the Cromwell Radio Group, through licensee The Cromwell Group, Inc. of Illinois.
History
WZNX calls itself The Fox, a reference to the X in its call letters, and the F in the call letters of its onetime sister-station, WZNF (95.3 FM) licensed out of Rantoul, Illinois. The Cromwell Radio Group bought the radio station in the mid-1990s, kept the call letters and the "Fox" identifier. Among the disc jockeys during this time were Chris Anderson, Brian Rickman, Lars Christiansen and Wes Adams. Current disc jockeys include Scott Lithgow and Storm . During the stations highest Arbitron ratings the Gonzo Morning Show was on the air. Hosted by Brad Wheeling, "Rockin Rod" Hall and Chris "Monkey Boy" Knyght. The trio was split by corporate buy out and satellite moved in, bringing Bob and Tom, and WZNX has been a Bob and Tom Show affiliate from the late 1990s, until late 2013, when Bob and Tom was replaced with The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show.
Previous logo
(WZNX-HD3 logo under previous "Buzz" active rock format)
References
External links
ZNX
Mainstream rock radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1990
1990 establishments in Illinois
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WZNX
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Domenico Monegario was the traditional sixth Doge of Venice (756–764).
History
He was elected with the support of the Lombard king Desiderius. However, in order to maintain necessary good relations with Byzantium and the Franks, two tribunes were elected annually to limit ducal power. Domenico came to resent these checks and was removed after eight years.
During his reign, the transformation of the Venetians from fishermen to marine traders happened, with audacious travels as far as the Ionian Islands and the Levant. The art of shipbuilding was improved to make sturdier, faster ships. Venetian wealth increased via trade and the city took on the medieval character it held for the next millennium.
When Pope Paul I demanded donations from Venice to the Holy See, the Doge Monegario was deposed, blinded, and exiled as his two predecessors had been.
The surname Monegario may derive from , that is, a friar or monk, or , that is, a minter.
Sources
Norwich, John Julius. A History of Venice. Alfred A. Knopf: New York, 1982.
8th-century deaths
8th-century Doges of Venice
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domenico%20Monegario
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A number of Palmerston Forts were built along the south coast of England on recommendation of the 1860 Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom. As well as new structure, many existing defences were improved. Most were clustered around major ports, such as:
Dover
Isle of Wight
Plymouth
Portland Harbour
Portsmouth
However, some more isolated works did take place at:
Hurst Castle, Hampshire
Littlehampton Redoubt, Littlehampton, West Sussex
Newhaven Fort, Newhaven
Shoreham Redoubt, Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex
South coast
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Palmerston%20Forts%20on%20the%20South%20Coast
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Kanaranzi may refer to:
Kanaranzi, Minnesota
Kanaranzi Township, Rock County, Minnesota
Kanaranzi Creek
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanaranzi
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Out of Reach is a 2004 American action film directed by Po-Chih Leong, written by Trevor Miller, and starring Steven Seagal and Ida Nowakowska. The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on July 20, 2004. Seagal plays William Lansing, a former covert agent turned survivalist, tracking a human trafficking ring and trying to rescue his pen pal, a thirteen-year-old orphan from Poland whom he has taught to use secret codes.
Plot
Vietnam veteran and retired CSA agent William Lansing works on a wildlife refuge in Northern Alaska, and has been exchanging letters in a pen-pal relationship with Irena Morawska, a 13-year-old orphaned girl in Warsaw, Poland that he is helping out financially. When the letters suddenly stop coming, Lansing heads to Poland to figure out the reason. He discovers that the orphanage that Irena was staying in, which is financed by honest – and unsuspecting – good intentioned Samaritans, is a front for a human trafficking syndicate run by a notorious crime boss and freelance terrorist named Faisal.
The operation is worth billions and all the girls are sold and traded to the highest bidders from all over the world. Through his letters to Irena, Lansing has taught Irena how to use secret codes, which she uses to keep him updated on where Faisal is taking her to. Lansing stays on Faisal's trail, teaming up with Polish police detective Kasia Lato to rescue Irena and the other girls, and bring down Faisal's human trafficking network.
Cast
Steven Seagal as William Lansing
Ida Nowakowska as Irena Morawska
Agnieszka Wagner as Kasia Lato
Matt Schulze as Faisal
Krzysztof Pieczyński as Ibo
Robbie Gee as Lewis Morton
Murat Yilmaz as Azimi
Nick Brimble as Mister Elgin
Jan Plazalski as Nikki
Shawn Lawrence as Agent Shepherd
Hanna Dunowska as Rosie
Frank Hildebrand as Postmaster
Klaudia Jakacka as Petra
Jan Janga-Tomaszewski as Uncle Pawel
Maria Maj as Mrs. Donata
Production
The film was shot in Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland. Production began in August 2003.
For large portions of the movie, Seagal was dubbed over by a voice over artist. So at certain times during the movie he speaks with his own voice, but then at other times with a dubbed voice which can be detected very easily as being dubbed. The reasoning for the dubbing of Seagal and other actors in the film was that changes were made in the storyline after most of the film was already shot.
Home media
Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment released the DVD in Region 1 in the United States on July 20, 2004, and Region 2 in the United Kingdom on August 23, 2004.
Reception
Robert Pardi of TV Guide rated it 1/4 stars and wrote, "Seagal's declining career found him making low-rent thrillers like this awkward, European-financed mix of social causes and unconvincing kickboxing sequences". Beyond Hollywood called it the strangest and most unintentionally funny Seagal film, in part due to the dubbing. Carl Davis of DVD Talk rated it 2/5 stars and wrote, "Out of Reach isn't a bad waste of time, but it is a bad waste of talent." Mitchell Hattawa of DVD Verdict called the film too confusing to understand. Daniel Bettridge of The Guardian included the film in his list of Seagal's silliest roles.
References
External links
2004 films
2004 direct-to-video films
2004 action thriller films
American action thriller films
Direct-to-video action films
Films about terrorism
Films scored by Alex Heffes
Films shot in Poland
Franchise Pictures films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out%20of%20Reach%20%28film%29
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Kandiyohi can refer to a location in the United States:
Kandiyohi, Minnesota, a small city
Kandiyohi County, Minnesota
Kandiyohi Township, Kandiyohi County, Minnesota
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandiyohi
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The Human Rights Documentation Centre based in Delhi, India, is a non-governmental organization supporting human rights. It has a sister organisation, the South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centre, with which it publishes a journal, Human Rights Features (first issue, June 2006).
See also
Ravi Nair
External links
HRDC website
Human rights organisations based in India
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Rights%20Documentation%20Centre
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DNA footprinting is a method of investigating the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins in vitro. This technique can be used to study protein-DNA interactions both outside and within cells.
The regulation of transcription has been studied extensively, and yet there is still much that is unknown. Transcription factors and associated proteins that bind promoters, enhancers, or silencers to drive or repress transcription are fundamental to understanding the unique regulation of individual genes within the genome. Techniques like DNA footprinting help elucidate which proteins bind to these associated regions of DNA and unravel the complexities of transcriptional control.
History
In 1978, David J. Galas and Albert Schmitz developed the DNA footprinting technique to study the binding specificity of the lac repressor protein. It was originally a modification of the Maxam-Gilbert chemical sequencing technique.
Method
The simplest application of this technique is to assess whether a given protein binds to a region of interest within a DNA molecule. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplify and label region of interest that contains a potential protein-binding site, ideally amplicon is between 50 and 200 base pairs in length. Add protein of interest to a portion of the labeled template DNA; a portion should remain separate without protein, for later comparison. Add a cleavage agent to both portions of DNA template. The cleavage agent is a chemical or enzyme that will cut at random locations in a sequence independent manner. The reaction should occur just long enough to cut each DNA molecule in only one location. A protein that specifically binds a region within the DNA template will protect the DNA it is bound to from the cleavage agent. Run both samples side by side on a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The portion of DNA template without protein will be cut at random locations, and thus when it is run on a gel, will produce a ladder-like distribution. The DNA template with the protein will result in ladder distribution with a break in it, the "footprint", where the DNA has been protected from the cleavage agent.
Note: Maxam-Gilbert chemical DNA sequencing can be run alongside the samples on the polyacrylamide gel to allow the prediction of the exact location of ligand binding site.
Labeling
The DNA template labeled at the 3' or 5' end, depending on the location of the binding site(s). Labels that can be used are: radioactivity and fluorescence. Radioactivity has been traditionally used to label DNA fragments for footprinting analysis, as the method was originally developed from the Maxam-Gilbert chemical sequencing technique. Radioactive labeling is very sensitive and is optimal for visualizing small amounts of DNA. Fluorescence is a desirable advancement due to the hazards of using radio-chemicals. However, it has been more difficult to optimize because it is not always sensitive enough to detect the low concentrations of the target DNA strands used in DNA footprinting experiments. Electrophoretic sequencing gels or capillary electrophoresis have been successful in analyzing footprinting of fluorescent tagged fragments.
Cleavage agent
A variety of cleavage agents can be chosen. a desirable agent is one that is sequence neutral, easy to use, and is easy to control. Unfortunately no available agents meet all of these standards, so an appropriate agent can be chosen, depending on your DNA sequence and ligand of interest. The following cleavage agents are described in detail:
DNase I is a large protein that functions as a double-strand endonuclease. It binds the minor groove of DNA and cleaves the phosphodiester backbone. It is a good cleavage agent for footprinting because its size makes it easily physically hindered. Thus is more likely to have its action blocked by a bound protein on a DNA sequence. In addition, the DNase I enzyme is easily controlled by adding EDTA to stop the reaction. There are however some limitations in using DNase I. The enzyme does not cut DNA randomly; its activity is affected by local DNA structure and sequence and therefore results in an uneven ladder. This can limit the precision of predicting a protein’s binding site on the DNA molecule.
Hydroxyl radicals are created from the Fenton reaction, which involves reducing Fe2+ with H2O2 to form free hydroxyl molecules. These hydroxyl molecules react with the DNA backbone, resulting in a break. Due to their small size, the resulting DNA footprint has high resolution. Unlike DNase I they have no sequence dependence and result in a much more evenly distributed ladder. The negative aspect of using hydroxyl radicals is that they are more time consuming to use, due to a slower reaction and digestion time.
Ultraviolet irradiation can be used to excite nucleic acids and create photoreactions, which results in damaged bases in the DNA strand. Photoreactions can include: single strand breaks, interactions between or within DNA strands, reactions with solvents, or crosslinks with proteins. The workflow for this method has an additional step, once both your protected and unprotected DNA have been treated, there is subsequent primer extension of the cleaved products. The extension will terminate upon reaching a damaged base, and thus when the PCR products are run side-by-side on a gel; the protected sample will show an additional band where the DNA was crosslinked with a bound protein. Advantages of using UV are that it reacts very quickly and can therefore capture interactions that are only momentary. Additionally it can be applied to in vivo experiments, because UV can penetrate cell membranes. A disadvantage is that the gel can be difficult to interpret, as the bound protein does not protect the DNA, it merely alters the photoreactions in the vicinity.
Advanced applications
In vivo footprinting
In vivo footprinting is a technique used to analyze the protein-DNA interactions that are occurring in a cell at a given time point. DNase I can be used as a cleavage agent if the cellular membrane has been permeabilized. However the most common cleavage agent used is UV irradiation because it penetrates the cell membrane without disrupting cell state and can thus capture interactions that are sensitive to cellular changes. Once the DNA has been cleaved or damaged by UV, the cells can be lysed and DNA purified for analysis of a region of interest. Ligation-mediated PCR is an alternative method to footprint in vivo. Once a cleavage agent has been used on the genomic DNA, resulting in single strand breaks, and the DNA is isolated, a linker is added onto the break points. A region of interest is amplified between the linker and a gene-specific primer, and when run on a polyacrylamide gel, will have a footprint where a protein was bound. In vivo footprinting combined with immunoprecipitation can be used to assess protein specificity at many locations throughout the genome. The DNA bound to a protein of interest can be immunoprecipitated with an antibody to that protein, and then specific region binding can be assessed using the DNA footprinting technique.
Quantitative footprinting
The DNA footprinting technique can be modified to assess the binding strength of a protein to a region of DNA. Using varying concentrations of the protein for the footprinting experiment, the appearance of the footprint can be observed as the concentrations increase and the proteins binding affinity can then be estimated.
Detection by capillary electrophoresis
To adapt the footprinting technique to updated detection methods, the labelled DNA fragments are detected by a capillary electrophoresis device instead of being run on a polyacrylamide gel. If the DNA fragment to be analyzed is produced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), it is straightforward to couple a fluorescent molecule such as carboxyfluorescein (FAM) to the primers. This way, the fragments produced by DNaseI digestion will contain FAM, and will be detectable by the capillary electrophoresis machine. Typically, carboxytetramethyl-rhodamine (ROX)-labelled size standards are also added to the mixture of fragments to be analyzed. Binding sites of transcription factors have been successfully identified this way.
Genome-wide assays
Next-generation sequencing has enabled a genome-wide approach to identify DNA footprints. Open chromatin assays such as DNase-Seq and FAIRE-Seq have proven to provide a robust regulatory landscape for many cell types. However, these assays require some downstream bioinformatics analyses in order to provide genome-wide DNA footprints. The computational tools proposed can be categorized in two classes: segmentation-based and site-centric approaches.
Segmentation-based methods are based on the application of Hidden Markov models or sliding window methods to segment the genome into open/closed chromatin region. Examples of such methods are: HINT, Boyle method and Neph method. Site-centric methods, on the other hand, find footprints given the open chromatin profile around motif-predicted binding sites, i.e., regulatory regions predicted using DNA-protein sequence information (encoded in structures such as position weight matrix). Examples of these methods are CENTIPEDE and Cuellar-Partida method.
See also
DNase footprinting
Protein footprinting
Toeprinting assay
References
External links
HINT Website
CENTIPEDE Website
Molecular biology
Laboratory techniques
Molecular biology techniques
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20footprinting
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"Nothing Lasts Forever" is a song by Australian punk rock band The Living End. It was first released in Australia on 19 September 2006, as the fourth single from the band's album State of Emergency.
The song charted at #39 of the Australian ARIA charts. It was the song played by Australian TV channel SBS for the video for stage 15 of the 2006 Tour de France.
Track listing
All tracks written by Chris Cheney.
"Nothing Lasts Forever" – 4:54
"What's on Your Radio" (Live) – 3:17
"Long Live the Weekend" (Live) – 2:55
References
2006 singles
The Living End songs
2006 songs
Songs written by Chris Cheney
Song recordings produced by Nick Launay
EMI Records singles
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing%20Lasts%20Forever%20%28The%20Living%20End%20song%29
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Karns may refer to:
Places
Karns, Tennessee, United States
Karns City, Pennsylvania, United States
Karns, Pennsylvania, United States
People
Roscoe Karns (1891–1970), American actor
Stephen Karns, American lawyer
Todd Karns (1921–2000), American actor
Virginia Karns (1907–1990), American singer and actress
Companies
Karns Quality Foods, a supermarket chain in Pennsylvania
See also
Karnes (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karns
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Laurieton is a coastal town on the Mid North Coast of the Australian state of New South Wales. Laurieton is the largest town in the Camden Haven district. Laurieton is 365 km north of Sydney and 42 km south of Port Macquarie. It lies between the base of North Brother Mountain and the Camden Haven River. At the , it had a population of 1,986.
The Birpai (also known as Birrbay) people have lived in this area for more than 40,000 years.
The largest school in the district, Camden Haven High School, is located approximately 5 km away from Laurieton's shopping and business centre.
Captain James Cook named "the Brothers" on 12 May 1770 for their resemblance to mountains in his native Yorkshire. He was unwittingly mirroring the name given to them by the Birpai.
The Camden Haven area was explored on foot by John Oxley in 1818 and was first settled by Europeans in the early 1820s. A convict settlement was established at nearby Port Macquarie in 1821 and the first settlers were limeburners burning oyster shells for buildings there. Some of these lived at the foot of North Brother. There was also a small garrison of soldiers to catch escaping convicts. In 1827 the area was surveyed by Armstrong and Guilding as part of an assessment for the Australian Agricultural Company.
Joseph Laurie J.P. (1832–1904) had timber interests in the Laurieton area in partnership with his brothers Andrew and Alexander. He moved to the area from Taree in 1872 and took charge of the Laurieton post office when it opened on 1 Oct 1875. Until the opening of the post office the area was known as Peach Orchard or Peach Grove (sources differ) and the name change recognised the Laurie family's local influence.
The Laurieton timber mill, owned by Laurie Brothers and built on the river bank, officially opened on 12 January 1876 and a store was built opposite at the same time. The mill was operated initially by Joseph Laurie. Two years later a second timber mill was built by John Hibbard at Camden Haven Heads. However this mill was later moved to the Hastings River. Another mill, owned by John Rodger commenced operations soon after.
Joseph Laurie operated two ketches from Laurieton. The "Mary Laurie" was built at Laurieton and launched on 11 Nov 1884. The "Annie Laurie" was built at Brisbane Water.
By 1886 Laurieton had 4 timber mills operating in the vicinity. There were 3 steam punts with 2 more being built and a bakery had recently been established.
Captain George De Fraine was trading to Camden Haven in his ketch "Ethel B.T." from about 1887 and later also operated a steam tug "Unique". In 1893 he entered into partnership with John Rodger.
William McKay & Hugh Bibby had leased and operated Joseph Laurie's sawmill from around 1880. When Joseph Laurie sold his interests to George De Fraine in about 1896, the mill was operated as a partnership of De Fraine, McKay and Bibby until 1899 when George De Fraine took full ownership. George De Fraine also acquired the lease for the mill built by Messrs Dun and Bagan (later known as the Dun-Bagan mill) operating on land opposite Laurieton.
In 1891 the Lands Department proposed changing the name of Laurieton to Camden Haven (coinciding with the change of name of the former Camden Haven to Kendall). This was extremely unpopular with Laurieton residents and the name remained unchanged.
The steamship "Hastings", sailing ship "Isabella de Fraine" and steamship "Cobar" were built at Laurieton between 1901 and 1903.
De Fraine oversaw his extensive business interests in the area until his death in 1907.
A Catalina seaplane carrying entertainer Bob Hope was forced to make an emergency landing on Camden Haven adjacent to Laurieton on 14 August 1944. Bob Hope was returning to Sydney after entertaining troops in Guam. The local postmaster lent him money for his hotel bills after the luggage was jettisoned. An impromptu party was held, and the next day Hope and his entourage travelled by road to Newcastle and flew from there to Sydney. Bob Hope maintained contact with the residents of Laurieton for decades afterwards.
Population
In the 2016 Census, there were 1,986 people in Laurieton. 81.9% of people were born in Australia and 93.0% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were Anglican 32.4%, No Religion 22.5% and Catholic 19.7%.
Accommodation
Diamond Waters Treehouse Retreat
Mariner Motel
Heritage listings
Laurieton has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
Cnr Laurie and Bold Streets: Laurieton School of Arts
Climate
Laurieton has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with warm, wet summers and cool winters. In the past it had an oceanic climate (Cfb) based on data from the first half of the twentieth century. Despite the town's high precipitation, its rainy days are relatively low on an annual basis, meaning that the town gets heavy rainfall events a few times a month.
References
External links
Camden Haven Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Tourism
Towns in New South Wales
Mid North Coast
Coastal towns in New South Wales
Port Macquarie-Hastings Council
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurieton
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The Lhasa Hotel (), formerly known as Holiday Inn Lhasa is a 4-star hotel in the city of Lhasa, Tibet, China; lying at an altitude of 3,600 m.
History
Completed in September 1985, it is located northeast of the Norbu Lingka Summer Palace in west of Lhasa. The hotel is the flagship of the China International Travel Service' installations in Tibet. It accommodates about 1,000 guests over 450 rooms (suites).
In media
An account of running the hotel is related in the 2001 book The Hotel on the Roof of the World.
External links
Official site
References
Hotels in Tibet
Buildings and structures in Lhasa
1985 establishments in China
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhasa%20Hotel
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Kasota may refer to:
Kasota, Minnesota, U.S.
Kasota Lake, a lake in Kandiyohi County, Minnesota
Kasota Township, Le Sueur County, Minnesota
Kasota limestone, a dolomitic limestone
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasota
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Mikheil Kavelashvili (; born 22 July 1971) is a Georgian politician and former professional footballer. He is the co-founder of People's Power party.
As a player he was a striker who notably played in the Premier League for Manchester City and in the Swiss Super League for Grasshoppers, Zürich, Luzern, Sion, Aarau and Basel. He also played for Dinamo Tbilisi and Spartak Vladikavkaz. He was capped 46 times by Georgia, scoring nine goals.
He moved into Politics in 2016 was elected to the Parliament of Georgia in the Georgian Dream party before leaving to co-found the People's Power party.
Club career
As with many leading Georgian players, Kavelashvili began his career with FC Dinamo Tbilisi, emerging from their youth system in 1989. A skilful striker, he soon established himself in the Dinamo side before earning a move to Russian club FC Spartak Vladikavkaz in 1995.
He began training with Manchester City F.C. on 1 March 1996 before finally joining the club on transfer deadline day. He made his city debut on 6 April scoring in the derby game against Manchester United F.C. Following City's relegation, he played 24 games (2 goals) in the Football League First Division. The number was not enough to secure a renewal of his work permit and so he was sent out on loan to Grasshopper Club Zürich, winning a Swiss Super League in 1998. He has since played the majority of his football in Switzerland, featuring for Fussballclub Zürich, FC Lucerne, FC Sion and FC Aarau. Aarau loaned him out to Vladikavkaz in Autumn 2004, but he returned to Switzerland after playing just seven games.
Kavelashvili joined FC Basel's first team during their 2005–06 season under head coach Christian Gross, who was in his seventh season with the club in that position. Gross had been head coach for GC as Kavelashvili had won the Swiss championship in the 1997–98 season. Kavelashvili played his domestic league debut for the club in the home game in the St. Jakob-Park on 12 March 2006 as he was substituted in the 66th minute. He also scored his first goal for the team during the same game, it was the match winning goal as Basel won 1–0 against Grasshopper Club. Basel had started the season well and were joint leaders of the championship with Zürich right until the last day of the league campaign. On the final day of the league season FCB played at home against FCZ. A last-minute goal from Zürich's Iulian Filipescu meant the final score was 1-2 in favour of the away team and it gave FCZ their first national championship since 1980–81. The title for Basel was lost on goal difference.
Kavelashvili had 10 appearances for FCB in his first season and in each he had been used as a substitute. In his second season he also made 7 appearances, again each as substitute, but the club released him before the winter break, and he retired from his active football career. During his period with the club, he played a total of 26 games for Basel scoring a total of 12 goals. 14 of these games were in the Swiss Super League, three in the UEFA Cup and nine were friendly games. He scored four goals in the domestic league and the other eight during the test games.
International career
With his national team he won Malta International Football Tournament 1998
Political career
In 2016 he was elected as a member of Parliament of Georgia from the Georgian Dream party. He left Georgian Dream in 2022 and co-founded the People's Power party.
Honours
Dinamo Tbilisi
Umaglesi Liga champion: 1990, 1994, 1995.
Vladikavkaz
Russian Premier League champion: 1995.
Grasshoppers
Swiss Super League: 1998.
References
External links
Footballers from Tbilisi
Premier League players
FC Basel players
Men's association football forwards
Soviet men's footballers
Men's footballers from Georgia (country)
FC Spartak Vladikavkaz players
Grasshopper Club Zürich players
Manchester City F.C. players
FC Zürich players
FC Dinamo Tbilisi players
Russian Premier League players
Georgia (country) men's international footballers
FC Luzern players
FC Aarau players
FC Sion players
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers from Georgia (country)
1971 births
Living people
Swiss Super League players
Politicians from Georgia (country)
Members of the Parliament of Georgia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikheil%20Kavelashvili
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Kasson may refer to:
People
Burt Z. Kasson (1877–1943), New York politician
John A. Kasson (1822–1910), Iowa politician and lawyer
Kasson Crooker, electronic music composer from Boston, Massachusetts
Places in the United States
Kasson, Indiana
Kasson, Minnesota
Kasson, West Virginia
Kasson Brook, Pennsylvania
Kasson Township, Michigan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasson
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Daimler V-8 engines were designed for the Daimler Company by Edward Turner and produced from 1959 to 1969. Initially used in the SP250 sports car and the Majestic Major saloon, the engine was mostly used in the Daimler 2.5 V8 (later named V8-250) saloon made with Jaguar Mark 2 unit bodies from 1962 to 1969. Approximately 20,000 of the 2.5-litre version of the engine were made for use in the SP250 and the 250 saloon, while approximately 2,000 of the 4.5-litre version were made for use in the Majestic Major saloon and its limousine variant which remained in production until 1968.
Design and development
Shortly after being appointed Managing Director (Chief Executive) of BSA's Automotive Division in 1956, Edward Turner was asked to design a saloon car powered by a V8 engine. Turner and his design engineer Jack Wickes began considering the initial concept of their new engine by examining the manual and spare parts list of a Cadillac V8 engine.
Using a pushrod overhead valve system kept down design, development and production costs and allowed Turner to base the design of the cylinder head on those he developed for Triumph motorcycles including the use of hemispherical combustion chambers.
Adapting the Triumph head design for use in a saloon car engine required much work in reducing friction and improving timing.
Much of the development of the prototype engine was carried out by Dr. J. N. H. Tait. Tait had been involved with Donald Healey in the early post war years, working successfully on modified Riley 2½-litre Big Four engines, the final incarnation of which was used in 1953 Zethrin Rennsport prototype, delivering close to 200 bhp with surprising tractability.
The two sizes of the Daimler derivative engines share similar but not identical external dimensions and design, the 4.5 litre being longer, deeper and wider. Although it is just possible to substitute one for the other, it requires a good deal of alteration of mountings, exhaust piping, etc.
Limited investment in tooling for the 2.5-litre engine led to limited production capacity, with a maximum weekly output of 140 engines, and the 4.5 litre was only ever made in small quantities. This prescribed maximum output was never achieved during the production of the engine.
Specifications
The 90 degree V8 engine has part-hemispherical combustion chambers with two overhead valves per cylinder operated by push-rods from a single chain-driven camshaft positioned centrally high up in the vee. Aluminium alloy pistons with steel connecting rods run in a cast chrome-iron block with sand-cast high-tensile light alloy heads and crankcase housing a short stiff dynamically balanced crankshaft carried on five bearings. The nose of the crankshaft carries a torsional vibration damper, a four or six-bladed fan, and the pulley for the triangulated thin belt drive for the dynamo and water pump. The dynamo is located between the cylinder blocks on the smaller 2.5. At the rear the drive is taken from the back of the camshaft for the distributor positioned high above the unit behind the two semi-downdraught SU carburettors. There is a separate exhaust system for each bank of cylinders. Light alloy is used for the valve covers, tappet blocks, sump and inlet manifolds. Cooling is by pump and fan with a thermostatic by-pass control.
Applications
The engine first publicly appeared in the Daimler Dart but, after Chrysler objected to use of that name, it was called the Daimler SP250, a fibreglass bodied sports car aimed at the American market.
In December 1961 Daimler announced a marine version of their 2.5-litre V8.
The 2.5-litre engine, only in length and developing @ 5,800 rpm, gave better performance than Jaguar's own 2.4-litre DOHC in-line six, and after the 1960 merger the opportunity was taken to create an up-market Daimler V8 version of the Jaguar Mark 2. Between the years 1962 and 1969 17,620 Daimler/Jaguar V8s were built. Initially called the Daimler 2.5 V8, it was later called the Daimler V8-250.
The 4.5-litre engine was used in the Daimler Majestic Major DQ450, which is now rare, but was a respected high performance saloon in its day. The engine was also used in the Majestic Major's limousine derivative, the DR450. The 4.5-litre was tested in a Jaguar Mark X and there are some unauthenticated reports that this car lapped the Motor Industry Research Association's high-speed test track at but was reportedly not put into production precisely because its performance was better than the original 3.8 Mark X's. However, the more likely explanation is that there was not the production capacity for the engine, and in any event the 4.2 litre mark X gave superior acceleration. All 4.5-litre V8 models sold were automatic, which makes connection to a manual transmission difficult.
Felday-Daimler hillclimbing special
Peter Westbury, an engineer from Surrey, England, competed in hillclimbing events in cars powered by Daimler V8 engines. Between the end of the 1962 RAC Hillclimb Championship season, in which he finished seventh in a V8-powered Cooper, and the beginning of the 1963 season, Westbury built a new hillclimbing special called the Felday-Daimler powered by a 2.5-litre Daimler V8 with a SU carburettor and a Roots supercharger. Westbury won the 1963 RAC Hillclimb Championship in the Felday-Daimler, setting course records at Craigantlet in Ulster and Dyrham Park in Gloucestershire.
Glacier Grenade drag racing special
In 1970, Russ Carpenter and Tony Anderson built the "Glacier Grenade," a rear-engined dragster. It was the first "All British" rear engined dragster of its type. Powered by a 2.5litre Daimler V8 it would compete in drag racing from March 1972 until 1989 when the car was outlawed from European racing. Russ began to drive the car in 1974 taking over sole driving duties after Tony's retirement from the sport in 1976 due to a spinal injury. Russ continued the car's development all the way through its racing life. In 1980 it became the first drag car under 5.5 litres, and the first all-British car to complete a quarter-mile race in less than eight seconds. By the time of its retirement, the car, using mainly stock engine parts, produced 1400 bhp and ran the standing quarter mile in 7.2 seconds at 180 mph. The car was restored and was to be displayed at Dunsfold Aerodrome near Guildford in April 2014.
In 2014 Russ Carpenter was inducted into the British Drag Racing Hall of Fame for his development of this engine and influencing others to use a British engine in a largely American engine focused Motorsport.
End of production
Jaguar became part of the British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC) in 1968. BLMC chairman Sir Donald Stokes decided that the production costs of the Daimler V8 engine were too high and ordered its discontinuation. The Majestic Major was discontinued without replacement in 1968, followed by the V8-250 in 1969. By 1970 the Daimler range was reduced to the Jaguar XJ6-based Daimler Sovereign saloon and the Jaguar Mark X-based Daimler DS420 limousine, both powered by Jaguar XK6 engines.
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References
Autocar Road Test 1907, Autocar, 4 January 1963, Iliffe, Sons & Sturmey, London 1963
External links
– showing a running Daimler 2½-litre engine
– showing a running (and backfiring) Daimler 4½-litre engine
V8
V8 engines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler%20V8%20engines
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