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Rawwadid, Ravvadid (also Revend or Revendi), or Banū Rawwād () (955–1071) was a Sunni Muslim Kurdish dynasty, centered in the northwestern region of Adharbayjan (Azerbaijan) between the late 8th and early 13th centuries.
Originally of Azdi Arab descent, the Rawadids ruled Tabriz and northeastern Adharbayjan in the late 8th and early 9th centuries. The family became Kurdicized by the early 10th century and became centered on Tabriz and Maragha. In the second half of the 10th century and much of the 11th century, these Kurdified descendants controlled much of Adharbayjan as well as parts of Armenia.
History
The origin of the Rawwadid dynasty was connected with the name of the tribal leader Rawwad. Rawadids were originally from Azdi Arab ancestry, and arrived in the region in the mid 8th century, but they had become Kurdicized by the early 10th century and began to use Kurdish forms like Mamlan for Muhammad and Ahmadil for Ahmad as their names. The Rawadid family moved into Kurdistan in the mid 8th century, and it took over a leadership of the Rawadiya a branch of Hadhabani Kurdish tribe by the tenth century. In the second half of the 10th century and much of the 11th century, these Kurdicized descendants controlled much of Adharbayjan as well as parts of Armenia.
The earliest form of the name is written "Rewend" in the Sharafnameh. According to Kasravi, Rawwadids conquered the lands of the Musafirid ruler Ibrahim I ibn Marzuban I, in Adharbayjan in 979. Abu Mansur Wahsudan (1019-1054) is the best known Rawwadid ruler, and he is mentioned by Ibn Athir. According to Ahmad Kasravi, sixty panegyric qasidas of the poet Qatran Tabrizi (11th century) dedicated to Wahsudan have been preserved. After the Oghuz revolt against Mahmud Ghaznavi (998-1030) in Khorasan in 1028, about 2,000 Oghuz families fled to the West. Wahsudan protected and allowed some of them to settle in the territory of the Rawwadis. He gave them land and made them vassals, intending to use them in the wars against the Byzantine Empire. The regions of Tabriz, Maragha and the strongholds of Sahand mountain were in his possession. In 1029, he helped the Hadhbani Kurds in Maragha to defeat the invading Oghuz Turkish tribes.
According to Ibn Athir, Wahsudan formed a marriage alliance with the first group of Oghuz Turks reached Adharbayjan to act against his enemies. This alliance stimulated animosity of the Shaddadid ruler Abu’l-Ḥasan Laškari. Another group of Turks arrived in Adharbayjan in 1037–1038. After they looted Maragha, Wahsudan and his nephew Abu’l-Hayjā put aside their problems and joined forces against the Ghuzz Turks. Turks were dispelled to Rayy, Isfahan, and Hamadan. A group of Turks remained in Urmiya. Wahsudan invited their leaders to a dinner and slaughtered them in 1040–1041.
Qatran mentioned about several battles between Wahsudan and a group of a Ghuzz reached Adharbayjan in 1041–1042. An intense battle in the desert of Sarāb resulted in the Rawwadids’ defeat on the Turks.
After banishing the Oghuz, Wahsudan improved relations with Shaddadids and travelled in person to Ganja, center of Shaddadids.
Wahsudan also sent an expedition to Ardabil under the command of his son Mamlan II. The ruler (sipahbod) of Moghan had to submit to the conqueror. Mamlan also built a fortress in Ardabil.
A devastating earthquake in 1042-1043 destroyed much of Tabriz, its walls, houses, markets, and much of the Ravvadis' palace. Although Ibn al-'Asir said that 50,000 people died in Tabriz, Nasir Khosrow, who passed through Tabriz four years later gave the number of dead 40,000 and stated that the city was prospering at the times of his visit. Wahsudan himself was saved because he was in a garden outside the city.
The Seljuks under Tughril conquered the principality in 1054 CE, and he defeated the prince of Tabriz Wahsudan ibn Mamlan and brought his son Abu Nasr Mamlan. In 1071, when Alp Arslan returned from his campaign against the Byzantine Empire, he deposed Mamlan. Wahsudan's successor, Ahmad bin Wahsudan, lord of Maragha, took part in Malik Shah's campaign against Syria in 1110 CE. His full title was Ahmadil bin Ibrahim bin Wahsudan al-Rawwadi al-Kurdi.
Ahmadil fought again the crusaders during the First Crusade. Joscelin made a peace treaty with him during the siege of Tell Bashir (in present-day southern Turkey, south-east of Gaziantep). He was stabbed to death by the Ismaili assassins in 1117 in Baghdad. His descendants continued to rule Maragha and Tabriz as Atabakane Maragha until the Mongol invasion in 1227.
Rawadid Rulers
Muhammad ibn Husayn al-Rawadi (? – c. 953?)
Abu'l-Hayja Husayn I (955–988)
Abu'l-Hayja Mamlan I (988–1000)
Abu Nasr Husayn II (1000–1025)
Abu Mansur Wahsudan (1025–1058/9)
Abu Nasr Mamlan II (1058/9–1070)
Ahmadil ibn Ibrahim ibn Wahsudan (in Maragha)(c.1100-1116)
Burial Place
Imamzadeh Chaharmenar in Tabriz, is the burial place of Rawadid Rulers:
See also
List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
List of Kurdish dynasties and countries
References
Sources
External links
Rawwadids, Encyclopaedia of Islam.
A Chronology of World Political History(801 - 1000 C.E.)(see Rawwadid)
List of Rawadid Rulers
955 establishments
1116 disestablishments
States and territories established in the 950s
States and territories disestablished in the 1110s
Royal families of Armenia
Medieval Iranian Azerbaijan
10th century in Armenia
11th century in Armenia
Arab dynasties
Kurdish dynasties
History of the Kurdish people
History of Talysh
Sunni dynasties
Azd
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawadid%20dynasty
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The 66th Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that was originally raised, as the 66th Brigade, in 1914 during the First World War as part of Kitchener's New Armies and served with the 22nd Division. With the division, the brigade was sent to France in September 1915 to reinforce the British Army on the Western Front but was instead sent to Greece and served in the campaign in the Balkans for the rest of the war.
The brigade was reformed, as the 66th Infantry Brigade, in the Second World War in Italy on 20 July 1944. The brigade fought in the Italian Campaign with the 1st Infantry Division until 27 January 1945 when, with the rest of the 1st Division, it was shipped to Palestine and finally Syria where it ended the war.
Orders of battle
First World War
9th (Service) Battalion, Border Regiment
9th (Service) Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment
8th (Service) Battalion, King's Shropshire Light Infantry
13th (Service) Battalion, Manchester Regiment
12th (Service) Battalion, Cheshire Regiment
Second World War
2nd Battalion, Royal Scots
11th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers
1st Battalion, Hertfordshire Regiment
Second World War Commanders
Brig. M. Redmayne
Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War I
Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War II
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/66th%20Infantry%20Brigade%20%28United%20Kingdom%29
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This is a list of the 20 woredas, or districts, in the Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia.
References
Based from materials on the Central Statistical Agency website.
Benishangul-Gumuz Region
Benishangul-Gumuz
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20districts%20in%20the%20Benishangul-Gumuz%20region
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Apas (, ) is the Avestan language term for "the waters", which, in its innumerable aggregate states, is represented by the Apas, the hypostases of the waters.
Āb (plural Ābān) is the Middle Persian-language form.
Introduction
"To this day reverence for water is deeply ingrained in Zoroastrians, and in orthodox communities offerings are regularly made to the household well or nearby stream." The ape zaothra ceremony—the culminating rite of the Yasna service (which is in turn the principal act of worship)—is literally for the "strengthening of the waters."
Avestan apas (from singular āpō) is grammatically feminine, and the Apas are female. The Middle Persian equivalents are ābān/Ābān (alt: āvān/Āvān), from which Parsi Gujarati āvā/Āvā (in religious usage only) derive.
The Avestan common noun āpas corresponds exactly to Vedic Sanskrit , and both derive from the same proto-Indo-Iranian word, stem *ap- "water", cognate with the British river Avon. In both Avestan and Vedic Sanskrit texts, the waters—whether as waves or drops, or collectively as streams, pools, rivers or wells—are represented by the Apas, the group of divinities of the waters. The identification of divinity with element is complete in both cultures : in the RigVeda the divinities are wholesome to drink, in the Avesta the divinities are good to bathe in.
As also in the Indian religious texts, the waters are considered a primordial element. In Zoroastrian cosmogony, the waters are the second creation, after that of the sky. Aside from Apas herself/themselves, no less than seven Zoroastrian divinities are identified with the waters: All three Ahuras (Mazda, Mithra, Apam Napat), two Amesha Spentas (Haurvatat, Armaiti) and two lesser Yazatas (Aredvi Sura Anahita and Ahurani).
Abans, a crater on Ariel, one of the moons of Uranus, is named after aban.
In scripture
In the seven-chapter Yasna Haptanghaiti, which interrupts the sequential order of the Gathas and is linguistically as old as the Gathas themselves, the waters are revered as the Ahuranis, wives of the Ahura (Yasna 38.3). Although not otherwise named, Boyce associates this Ahura with Apam Napat (middle Persian: Burz Yazad), another divinity of waters.
In Yasna 38, which is dedicated "to the earth and the sacred waters", apas/Apas is not only necessary for nourishment, but is considered the source of life ("you that bear forth", "mothers of our life"). In Yasna 2.5 and 6.11, apas/Apas is "Mazda-made and holy".
In the Aban Yasht (Yasht 5), which is nominally dedicated to the waters, veneration is directed specifically at Aredvi Sura Anahita, another divinity identified with the waters, but originally representing the "world river" that encircled the earth (see In tradition, below). The merger of the two concepts "probably" came about due to prominence given to Aredvi Sura during the reign of Artaxerxes II (r. 404-358 BCE) and subsequent Achaemenid emperors. Although (according to Lommel and Boyce) Aredvi is of Indo-Iranian origin and cognate with Vedic Saraswati, during the 5th century BCE Aredvi was conflated with a Semitic divinity with similar attributes, from whom she then inherited additional properties.
In other Avesta texts, the waters are implicitly associated with [Spenta] Armaiti (middle Persian Spendarmad), the Amesha Spenta of the earth (this association is properly developed in Bundahishn 3.17). In Yasna 3.1, the eminence of Aban is reinforced by additionally assigning guardianship to another Amesha Spenta Haurvatat (middle Persian: (K)hordad).
In tradition
According to the Bundahishn, ('Original Creation', an 11th- or 12th-century text), aban was the second of the seven creations of the material universe, the lower half of everything.
In a development of a cosmogonical view already alluded to in the Vendidad (21.15), aban is the essence of a "great gathering place of the waters" (Avestan: Vourukasha, middle Persian: Varkash) upon which the world ultimately rested. The great sea was fed by a mighty river (proto-Indo-Iranian: *harahvati, Avestan: Aredvi Sura, middle Persian: Ardvisur). Two rivers, one to the east and one to the west, flowed out of it and encircled the earth (Bundahishn 11.100.2, 28.8) where they were then cleansed by Puitika (Avestan, middle Persian: Putik), the tidal sea, before flowing back into the Vourukasha.
In the Zoroastrian calendar, the tenth day of the month is dedicated to the (divinity of) waters (Siroza 1.10), under whose protection that day then lies. Additionally, Aban is also the name of the eighth month of the year of the Zoroastrian calendar (Bundahishn 1a.23-24), as well as that of the Iranian calendar of 1925, which follows Zoroastrian month-naming conventions. It might be the precursor of the holy month of Sha'aban in the Hijri calendar.
sha'aban meaning
The Zoroastrian name-day feast of Abanagan, also known as the Aban Ardvisur Jashan by Indian Zoroastrians (see: Parsis), is celebrated on the day that the day-of-month and month-of-year dedications intersect, that is, on the tenth day of the eighth month. The celebration is accompanied by a practice of offering sweets and flowers to a river or the sea.
From among the flowers associated with the yazatas, aban's is the water-lily (Bundahishn 27.24).
See also
Temple of Anahita, Istakhr
Temple of Anahita, Kangavar
Qadamgah (ancient site)
Minar (Firuzabad)
References
Bibliography
Aban Yasht, as translated by James Darmesteter in
Yasna 38 (to the earth and the sacred waters), as translated by Lawrence Heyworth Mills in
Yazatas
Classical elements
Water and religion
Anahita
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aban
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In operating systems, write barrier is a mechanism for enforcing a particular ordering in a sequence of writes to a storage system in a computer system. For example, a write barrier in a file system is a mechanism (program logic) that ensures that in-memory file system state is written out to persistent storage in the correct order.
In Garbage collection
A write barrier in a garbage collector is a fragment of code emitted by the compiler immediately before every store operation to ensure that (e.g.) generational invariants are maintained.
In Computer storage
A write barrier in a memory system, also known as a memory barrier, is a hardware-specific compiler intrinsic that ensures that all preceding memory operations "happen before" all subsequent ones.
See also
Native Command Queuing
References
External links
Barriers and journaling filesystems (LWN.net, May 21, 2008)
Compilers
Memory management
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write%20barrier
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Strawberry pie is a dessert food consisting mainly of strawberries and sugar in a pie crust, sometimes with gelatin. It is often served with whipped cream.
Preparation
Fresh strawberry pies are usually made with in-season sweet berries, while out-of-season strawberries are often better suited for baked pies. A double strawberry pie has glazed, uncooked strawberries on top, with a layer of cooked strawberries underneath.
A common question about strawberry pies is how to prevent the crust from becoming soggy or "runny". Possible causes of watery strawberry pies include the thickener, particularly when not enough cornstarch is used, or when it has lost its thickening properties after being cooked for too long. The strawberries themselves can contribute to wateriness if cut too finely. Some recipes add a cream cheese layer to help keep the pie crust crisp.
Consumption
In the United States, strawberry pie is one of the red foods often served at Juneteenth celebrations, and is also a popular dessert at Fourth of July gatherings.
Strawberry-pie eating contests are part of many summer strawberry festivals across America. At the annual contest in Athens, Georgia, the 2017 winner ate five slices in 90 seconds.
Each year in May in Huntington, West Virginia, Jim's Steak and Spaghetti House serves over 10,000 slices of strawberry pie for one week only, as thousands of customers line up outside its doors. Their strawberry pie, which consists of "fresh strawberries layered into a pie shell with confectionery sugar and real whipped cream", has received national recognition from People magazine and the Food Network.
Related desserts
The main difference between a strawberry pie and a strawberry tart is the crust used. Strawberry pies have simple piecrusts and can be made quickly. Strawberry tarts, on the other hand, have a sweet pastry crust resembling a thin butter cookie, and take longer to make, with a pastry cream layer that needs to be chilled. Torta de morango is a commonly consumed dessert in Brazil.
A related dessert food is the strawberry-rhubarb pie, a baked pie which has a tendency to become "very juicy" or "soggy", due to the high water content of both the rhubarb and the strawberries.
Gallery
See also
List of strawberry dishes
Strawberry cake
Tart
References
External links
Fruit pies
Pie
American pies
Pies
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Petty Pewter Gods is a fantasy novel by American writer Glen Cook, the eighth novel in his ongoing Garrett P.I. series. The series combines elements of mystery and fantasy as it follows the adventures of private investigator Garrett.
Plot introduction
Garrett is a hardboiled detective living in the city of TunFaire, a melting pot of different races, cultures, religions, and species. When people have problems, they often come to Garrett for help, but trouble has a way of finding Garrett on its own, whether he likes it or not.
Plot summary
TunFaire is in a state of unrest; with the sudden end of the war in the Cantard, returning former soldiers are at odds with the half-breeds and immigrants who have taken their places in society. Garrett, however, has his own problems to worry about - he gets knocked out, brought before a group of small-time gods known as the Godoroth, and forced into working for them. The goal: find the "key" to the one remaining temple up for grabs in TunFaire, and do so before the Shayir, the Godoroth's rivals. The Shayir find out about the Godoroth's plans. The Shayir capture Garrett and give him their side of the story. Only with the help of a renegade Shayir called Cat does Garrett manage to escape.
As the civil unrest escalates into full-fledged street warfare, the Godoroth and Shayir elevate their search for Garrett, and Cat, who has her own agenda, is apparently the only one Garrett can trust. When the battle between the Godoroth and Shayir spills over into the world of the living, causing madness in the streets of TunFaire, the more powerful gods of the city decide it is time to intervene. After an epic battle between gods, Garrett hopes the trouble is over, but the Dead Man thinks there is still a missing piece or two to the puzzle. Eventually, the Dead Man deduces that there was yet another party behind the struggle between the Godoroth and Shayir. When everything settles down and is sorted out, the remaining gods go back to their own business, leaving Garrett to go back to his beer.
Characters
Garrett
The Dead Man
Dean
The Goddamn Parrot (Mr. Big)
Morley Dotes
Saucerhead Tharpe
Winger
Allusions to other works
One of the characters in Petty Pewter Gods, "Nog the Inescapable", appears to be a homage to "Chun the Unavoidable" from Jack Vance's short story "Liane the Wayfarer" in his Dying Earth series.
In both storylines, the protagonist (Liane, Garret) has a gadget (Liane's ring, Garret's rope) that creates a pocket in space that they can hide in. In both cases they encounter a small creature (a Twk-man, a pixie) who "saw what they did". Both at the end of Liane the Wayfarer and at a critical juncture in Petty Pewter Gods, when the protagonist finally uses their gadget to hide from their nemesis (Chun, Nog), it proves useless.
Garrett P.I.
1995 American novels
American fantasy novels
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petty%20Pewter%20Gods
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Anthony Christopher Barry (7 June 1901 – 24 October 1983) was an Irish businessman and Fine Gael politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork Borough constituency from 1961 to 1965 and 1954 to 1957. He was a Senator for the Cultural and Educational Panel from 1957 to 1961. He served as Lord Mayor of Cork from 1961 to 1962.
Early life and career
He was born the eldest among eleven children of James J. Barry, tea and wine merchant of Ballyhooly, County Cork, and Annie Barry (née Ryanh). His family had a small grocery business at Bridge Street in Cork. The firm specialised in teas and wines. The business later moved to Princes Street. It was awarded the Empire Cup for Tea Blending at the 1934 Grocers Exhibition in London. He spent his working life at the firm which was later developed under the tutelage of his son Peter into a major company called Barry's Tea.
He served with the National Army during the Irish Civil War, reaching the rank of captain.
Political career
Barry acted as election agent for W. T. Cosgrave, the former President of the Executive Council who was a Teachta Dála (TD) for Cork Borough from 1932 to 1944. Barry was elected to Dáil Éireann as TD for Cork Borough at the 1954 general election, but lost his seat at the 1957 general election and was then elected to the 9th Seanad on the Cultural and Educational Panel. He was re-elected to the Dáil at the 1961 general election, and served until a further defeat at the 1965 general election. He was also Lord Mayor of Cork from 1961 to 1962.
Family and personal life
Barry's son Peter won a seat in his old constituency in 1969, he was a Minister and briefly Tánaiste in the 1980s, and was succeeded as TD in 1997 by his daughter Deirdre Clune. Anthony Barry's daughter Theresa (Terry) Kelly served as Mayor of Limerick from 1983 to 1984.
Barry had an interest in photography from an early age and in his 50s his skill developed and apart from taking photographs he developed them at his home in York Terrace.
See also
Families in the Oireachtas
References
Sources
No Lovelier City, a Portrait of Cork by Anthony Barry, Mercier Press 2004 .
RTÉ Radio interview with Deirdre Clune, 21 June 2006.
1901 births
1983 deaths
Members of Cork City Council
Lord Mayors of Cork
Members of the 15th Dáil
Members of the 17th Dáil
Fine Gael TDs
Members of the 9th Seanad
Fine Gael senators
People educated at North Monastery
Cultural and Educational Panel senators
Fine Gael local councillors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Barry
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Jerome Cardell White (born August 23, 1952) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and coach.
Listed at 5' 10", 164 lb., White was a switch hitter and threw right handed.
He was born in Shirley, Massachusetts.
White spent 11 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), including stints with the Montreal Expos, Chicago Cubs, and St. Louis Cardinals. Additionally, White played two seasons in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) with the Seibu Lions and Yokohama Taiyo Whales.
He later worked as the bench coach in the 1995 season then as the first base coach of the Minnesota Twins in a span of 14 seasons from 1998–2012.
Professional career
Player
White was selected by the Montreal Expos in the 14th round of the 1970 MLB Draft out of San Francisco's Washington High School. He made his major league debut on September 16, 1974 at Montreal's Jarry Park, in a 3–2 Expos' loss to the New York Mets.
His first full major league season came in 1976, as he hit .245 in 114 games with the Expos. On June 23, 1978, he was traded to the Chicago Cubs to complete an earlier deal made on June 9, 1978, in which the Expos acquired pitcher Woodie Fryman as the player to be named later.
White spent only 59 games in a Cubs' uniform. In late 1978, he was traded back to the Expos along with second baseman Rodney Scott in exchange for outfielder Sam Mejías.
In December 1985, White signed as a free agent with the St. Louis Cardinals. He made his final major league appearance on June 9, 1986, ironically against the Montreal Expos, the team he spent the majority of his professional career with. He retired with a career .253 batting average and 303 hits over an eleven-season major league career.
In 646 games over 11 seasons, White posted a .253 batting average (303-for-1196) with 155 runs, 21 home runs, 109 RBI, 57 stolen bases and 148 bases on balls. He finished his career with a .974 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions. In the 1981 postseason, he hit .235 (8-for-34) with 5 runs, 1 home run, 4 RBI, 4 stolen bases and 5 walks.
Winter Leagues
In between, White played winter ball with the Navegantes del Magallanes and Águilas del Zulia clubs of the Venezuelan League in the 1978–79 and 1983-84 seasons, respectively. A career highlight came in the 1979 Caribbean Series with the Venezuelan champion Magallanes, when White was the only player in the tournament with at least one hit in each game, leading the hitters with a .522 BA, 12 hits and a .607 OBP, including five runs, four RBI, a .783 SLG and 1.370 OPS.
Coaching
Following his playing career, White was hired as the first base coach of the Minnesota Twins in 1998. In October 2012, after two consecutive seasons of 90+ losses, the Twins' front office decided to shake things up by releasing or reassigning six of seven coaches, including White.
Honors
In February 2006, White was enshrined into the Caribbean Baseball Hall of Fame along with Dave Concepción (Venezuela), Pedro Formental (Cuba) and Celerino Sánchez (México), for their notable contributions to the Caribbean Series. During the ceremony, Chico Carrasquel and Emilio Cueche (both from Venezuela) also were honored.
Personal
White has two sons, Justin and Jerome, and a daughter, Noell.
Sources
External links
, or Baseball Almanac or Official Jerry White website
1952 births
Living people
African-American baseball coaches
African-American baseball players
Águilas del Zulia players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Baseball coaches from Massachusetts
Chicago Cubs players
Denver Bears players
Detroit Tigers coaches
Fort Myers Sun Sox players
Gulf Coast Expos players
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Major League Baseball outfielders
Memphis Blues players
Minnesota Twins coaches
Montreal Expos players
Navegantes del Magallanes players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Nippon Professional Baseball outfielders
Peninsula Whips players
People from Shirley, Massachusetts
Québec Carnavals players
San Jose Bees players
Seibu Lions players
Baseball players from Middlesex County, Massachusetts
St. Louis Cardinals players
West Palm Beach Expos players
West Palm Beach Tropics players
Wichita Aeros players
Yokohama Taiyō Whales players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
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Caedmon Audio and HarperCollins Audio are record label imprints of HarperCollins Publishers that specialize in audiobooks and other literary content. Formerly Caedmon Records, its marketing tag-line was Caedmon: a Third Dimension for the Printed Page. The name changed when the label switched to CD-only production.
Caedmon history
Caedmon Records was a pioneer in the audiobook business, it was the first company to sell spoken-word recordings to the public and has been called the seed of the audiobook industry. Caedmon was founded in New York in 1952 by college graduates Barbara Holdridge and Marianne Roney (later Marianne Mantell).
The label's first release was a collection of poems by Dylan Thomas as read by the author. The B-side contained A Child's Christmas in Wales, which was added as an afterthought; the story was obscure and Thomas himself could not remember its title when asked what to use to fill up the LP's B-side. However, this recording went on to become one of his most loved works, and launched Caedmon as a successful company. The original 1952 recording was a 2008 selection for the United States National Recording Registry, stating it is "credited with launching the audiobook industry in the United States".
The company went on to record other notable writers reading their own works, such as W. H. Auden, Robert Frost, T. S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein and many more. The label expanded further to encompass other types of spoken-word recordings, including children's stories, speeches, plus English- and foreign-language classics. Theater performances were also staged for the label, starring either the Shakespeare Recording Society or the Theatre Recording Society, depending on the playwright. These performances included many famous actors and actresses, including Anthony Quayle, Claire Bloom, Richard Burton, Albert Finney, John Gielgud, Siobhán McKenna, Michael Redgrave, Vanessa Redgrave, Felix Aylmer, Paul Scofield, Alec McCowen, Donald Pleasence, Ralph Richardson, Max Adrian, and Maggie Smith, among others. Other notable readers for the label included Vincent Price, Basil Rathbone, and Louis Jourdan.
Raytheon, which also owned D. C. Heath and Company, bought Caedmon in 1971. Harper & Row (now HarperCollins) purchased the label in 1987.
Selected discography
This partial discography provides an idea of the range of literary and acting talent that Caedmon was able to record and distribute.
Dylan Thomas Reading, Volume 1 (TC 1002)
Laurence Olivier (TC 1003)
Thomas Mann Reading (German) (TC 1004)
Tennessee Williams Reading (TC 1005)
Katherine Anne Porter Reading Downward Path (TC 1006)
Catcher in the Rye (read by Ray Hagen) (TC 1007)
Chaucer: Nun's Priest's, Pardoner's Tales (Middle English) (TC 1008)
Archibald MacLeish Reading (TC 1009)
Eudora Welty Reading (TC 1010)
Peter Marshall Speaks (TCR 101/TC 1011)
Sean O'Casey Reading (TC 1012)
Osbert Sitwell Reading (TC 1013)
Israel is Born (TC 1014)
Ogden Nash Reading (TC 1015)
Edith Sitwell Reading (TC 1016)
e. e. cummings Reading (TC 1017)
Dylan Thomas Reading, Volume 2 (TC 1018)
W. H. Auden Reading (TC 1019)
Colette Reading (TC 1020)
Hearing Poetry, Volume 1 (TC 1021)
Hearing Poetry, Volume 2 (TC 1022)
The Rubiyat (read by Alfred Drake) (TC 1023)
Millay Poetry (read by Judith Anderson) (TC 1024)
Marianne Moore Reading (TC 1025)
Wordsworth Poetry (read by Cedric Hardwicke) (TC 1026)
Mark Twain (read by Walter Brennan, Brandon deWilde) (TC 1027)
Edgar Allan Poe (read by Basil Rathbone) (TC 1028)
Baudelaire Reading (read by Eva LeGallienne, Louis Jourdan), (French) (TC 1029)
Wellsprings of Drama (TC 1030)
Everyman (read by Burgess Meredith) (TC 1031)
The Second Shepherd's Play (TC 1032)
Dr. Faustus (read by Frank Silvera) (TC 1033)
Greek Prose and Poetry (Greek) (TC 1034)
William Faulkner Reading (TC 1035)
Frank O'Connor Reading (TC 1036)
Leaves of Grass, Volume 1 (read by Ed Begley) (TC 1037)
Just So Stories, Volume 1 (read by Boris Karloff) (TC 1038)
Conrade Aiken Reading (TC 1039)
Red Badge of Courage (read by Edmond O'Brien) (TC 1040)
Vachel Lindsay Reading (TC 1041)
Poetry of Byron (read by Tyrone Power) (TC 1042)
Dylan Thomas Reading, Volume 3 (TC 1043)
Wilde Fairy Tales (read by Basil Rathbone) (TC 1044)
T. S. Eliot Reading (TC 1045)
Walter de la Mare Reading (TC 1046)
William Carlos Williams Reading (TC 1047)
Poetry of Browning, Volume 1 (read by James Mason) (TC 1048)
17th Century Poetry (read by Cedric Hardwicke, Robert Newton) (TC 1049)
Gertrude Stein Reading (TC 1050)
Sermons of Donne (read by Herbert Marshall) (TC 1051)
Book of Judith, Ruth (read by Judith Anderson, Claire Bloom) (TC 1052)
Psalms and David (read by Judith Anderson) (TC 1053)
Cambridge Treasury of English Prose: Malory to Donne, Volume 1 (TC 1054)
Cambridge Treasury of English Prose: Burton to Johnson, Volume 2 (TC 1055)
Cambridge Treasury of English Prose: Defoe to Burke, Volume 3 (TC 1056)
Cambridge Treasury of English Prose: Austen to Bronte, Volume 4 (TC 1057)
Cambridge Treasury of English Prose: Dickens to Butler, Volume 5 (TC 1058)
Poetry of Shelley (read by Vincent Price) (TC 1059)
Robert Frost Reading (TC 1060)
Dylan Thomas Reading, Volume 4 (TC 1061)
Grimm's Fairy Tales (read by Joseph Schildkraut) (TC 1062)
Joyce's Ulysses (read by Siobhán McKenna, E. G. Marshall) (TC 1063)
Frank Lloyd Wright Speaking (TC 1064)
Diego Rivera Speaking (Spanish) (TC 1065)
Robert Graves Reading (TC 1066)
Lorca (read by Maria Douglas, Raul Dantes) (Spanish) (TC 1067)
Wallace Stevens Reading (TC 1068)
Noel Coward Duologies (read by Noël Coward, Margaret Leighton) (TC 1069)
Ecclesiastes (read by James Mason) (TC 1070)
E. B. Browning Sonnets/Barretts of Wimpole Street (read by Katharine Cornell, Anthony Quayle) (TC 1071)
German Lyric Poetry (read by Lotte Lenya) (German) (TC 1072)
Andersen Fairy Tales (TC 1073)
Reluctant Dragon (read by Boris Karloff) (TC 1074)
Pied Piper/Hunting of the Snark (read by Boris Karloff) (TC 1075)
The Book of Job (read by Herbert Marshall) (TC 1076)
Child's Garden of Verses (read by Judith Anderson) (TC 1077)
Nonsense Verse (read by Beatrice Lillie, Cyril Ritchard, Stanley Holloway) (TC 1078)
Juan Ramon Jimenez Reading (Spanish) (TC 1079)
Poetry of Tennyson (read by Sybil Thorndike, Lewis Casson) (TC 1080)
Poetry of Yeats (read by Siobhán McKenna, Cyril Cusack) (TC 1081)
Henry Mencken Speaking (TC 1082)
Jean Cocteau Reading (French) (TC 1083)
Stephen Spender Reading (TC 1084)
Song of Songs/Heloise & Abelard (read by Claire Bloom, Claude Rains) (TC 1085)
Joyce's Finnegans Wake (read by Siobhán McKenna, Cyril Cusack) (TC 1086)
Poetry of Keats (read by Ralph Richardson) (TC 1087)
Just So Stories, Volume 2 (read by Boris Karloff) (TC 1088)
Rootabaga Stories (read by Carl Sandburg) (TC 1089)
Moll Flanders (read by Siobhán McKenna) (TC 1090)
Mother Goose (read by Cyril Ritchard, Boris Karloff, Celeste Holm) (TC 1091)
Poetry of Coleridge (read by Ralph Richardson) (TC 1092)
Boswell's London Journal (read by Anthony Quayle) (TC 1093)
Apple Cart and Poems by Noël Coward (read by Noël Coward, Margaret Leighton) (TC 1094)
Picture of Dorian Gray (read by Hurd Hatfield) (TC 1095)
Genesis (read by Judith Anderson) (TC 1096)
Alice in Wonderland (read by Joan Greenwood, Stanley Holloway, Cast.) (TC 1097)
Through the Looking Glass (read by Joan Greenwood, Stanley Holloway, Cast.) (TC 1098)
Gulliver's Travels (read by Michael Redgrave) (TC 1099)
Kipling's Jungle Books: How Fear Came (read by Boris Karloff) (TC 1100)
The Bab Ballads of WS Gilbert and The Cautionary Tales by Hilaire Belloc, (read by Stanley Holloway and Joyce Grenfell), (TC1104)
Jeeves: (PG Wodehouse), 'Indian Summer of an Uncle'. 'Jeeves Takes Charge': readings by : Judith Furse, Miles Malleson, Terry-Thomas, Rita Webb, and Roger Livesey, (TC-1137) (mono), 1958, and (TC01137-S), stereo, 1964
Poems and Songs of Middle Earth (read by J. R. R. Tolkien) (TC 1231)
What is Puerto Rico? (read by Geraldo Rivera) and So Far (read by Miguel Robles) (TC 1431)
Alligator Pie and other poems (read by Dennis Lee) (TC 1530)
Why Mosquitoes Buzz in People's Ears and Other Tales (read by Ruby Dee and Ossie Davis) (TC 1592)
Churchill in His Own Voice: and the Voices of His Contemporaries (read by Laurence Olivier and John Gielgud) (TC 2018)
See also
List of record labels
References
External links
Official Website
HarperCollins Audio
American record labels
Record labels established in 1952
Spoken word record labels
Audiobook companies and organizations
HarperCollins books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caedmon%20Audio
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1,4-Thiazepine is a thiazepine. Diltiazem is based upon this structure.
References
Thiazepines
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C4-Thiazepine
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"U boj, u boj" (Croatian for "To battle, to battle") is a Croatian patriotic song. It was written by Franjo Marković and composed by Ivan Zajc in 1866, who later incorporated it as an aria into his opera Nikola Šubić Zrinski (1876) where it is sung by a male choir. It is a retelling of the Battle of Szigetvár of 1566, in which Nikola IV Zrinski, Ban of Croatia and captain of the assembled Croatian and Hungarian forces, took a heroic last stand against overwhelming Ottoman forces, led personally by Suleiman the Magnificent. Though the fortress fell, the defenders inflicted grievous injuries on the assaulting forces, all but crippling the victors' ability to progress past the Croatian-Hungarian border, and causing the death of the sultan himself.
The choir version of the song enjoys a wide popularity in Japan where for a long time it was thought to be a Czech folk song. After the end of World War I, the American ship Heffron, evacuating Czech and Slovak soldiers from Siberia, among whom this Croat song was widely popular during the war, was damaged by a storm and was forced to settle in the Kobe harbour for 2 months for repair. During that period, the soldiers passed on the tune to the members of the oldest and the most renowned Japanese male choir of the Kwansei Gakuin University, established in 1899. Their repertoire hosts the song (which is learned not in Japanese, but in genuine Croatian) to this day, ending with it each of their public performances.
Text
U boj, u boj!
Mač iz toka, braćo,
nek dušman zna kako mremo mi!
Grad naš već gori,
stiže do nas već žar:
rik njihov ori,
bijesan je njihov jar!
K'o požar taj grudi naše plamte,
utiša rik mača naših zvek!
K'o bratac brata
Zrinskog poljub'te svi!
Za njim na vrata,
vjerni junaci vi!
Sad, braćo!
Pun'mo puške, samokrese,
naše grome, naše trijese,
neka ore, ruše, more!
Brus'mo ljute naše mače,
neka sijeku jače, jače!
Sad zbogom bud',
dome naš zauvijek,
oj, zbogom,
od svud i svud
na te dušman ide prijek.
I već u grob
sveti trup sklada tvoj,
al' neće!
Za te sin svak u boj se kreće!
Dome naš, ti vijekom stoj!
Hajd' u boj, u boj!
Za dom, za dom sad u boj!
Ma paklena množ
na nj diže svoj nož;
Hajd' u boj!
Nas mal, al' hrabar je broj!
Tko, tko će ga strt'?
Smrt vragu, smrt!
Za domovinu mrijeti kolika slast!
Prot dušmaninu! Mora on mora past'!
To battle, to battle!
Unsheathe your swords, brethren,
Let the foe see how we die!
Our city already burns,
The heat is already reaching us:
Their roar resounds,
Their rage is rampant!
Our chests flare up as that fire,
The roar is silenced by the rattling of our swords!
Like brothers,
All of you, kiss Zrinski
Follow him to the gates,
You, faithful heroes!
Now, brothers!
Load the rifles, pistols,
Our thunders, our bang,
Let them roar, topple, harry!
Let us grind our fierce swords,
Make them cut harder, harder!
Good bye and be well,
Our home, forever now,
Oh, farewell,
From everywhere around us
Cruel enemy is upon you
Already they plan
To bury your sacred body,
But they won't!
All your sons move to fight for you!
Our home, you will stand forever!
To battle! To battle!
For our home, for our home now to battle!
Even as infernal host
Raises its blade at it;
Come to battle!
We are few, but fearless!
Who will crush him?
Death to the devil, death!
To die for your homeland is such delight!
Against our foe! He must, he must fall!
Notes
External links
, in the Kokugikan Hall in Tokyo on February 26, 2006
, Opera Narodnog pozorišta (National Opera Theatre), conducting, Sarajevo 2006
"U boj, u boj", in-depth article by Darko Žubrinić (2005, in English)
Croatian patriotic songs
1866 songs
Opera excerpts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%20boj%2C%20u%20boj
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Dangur is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the Dangur range of mountains, which extend southwest from the mountains along the west side of Lake Tana. The administrative center of this woreda is Manbuk.
Part of the Metekel Zone, Dangur is bordered by Amhara Region in the northeast, by Pawe special woreda in the east, by Mandura in the southeast, by Bulen in the south, by Wenbera in the southwest, and by Guba in the west. Landmarks include the rock of Abu Ramlah in the westernmost part of the woreda, which was made into a fortified village by the local inhabitants, which was visited by Juan Maria Schuver June 1882.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 48,537, of whom 24,360 were men and 24,177 were women; 8,352 or 17.21% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 59.83% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 26.84% of the population were Moslem, and 12.85% practiced traditional beliefs.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 42,059, of whom 20,778 are men and 21,281 are women; 5,596 or 13.31% of the population are urban dwellers which is greater than the Zone average of 10.7%. With an estimated area of 8,387.19 square kilometers, Dangur has a population density of 5 people per square kilometer which is less than the Zone average of 8.57.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 30,741 in 5,948 households, of whom 15,284 were males and 15,457 were females; 3,253 or 10.58% of its population were urban dwellers. The four largest ethnic groups reported in Dangur were the Awi (40.5%) a subgroup of the Agaw, Gumuz (34%), the Amhara (16.5%), and the Shinasha (3.3%); all other ethnic groups made up 5.7% of the population. Awngi is spoken as a first language by 40%, 34% speak Gumuz, 17.5% speak Amharic, and 3.2% speak Boro; the remaining 5.3% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 52% of the population reporting that they held that belief, while 21.6% traditional religions, and 21% were Muslim. Concerning education, 11.51% of the population were considered literate, which is less than the Zone average of 18.61%; 11.83% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school; 2.02% of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school; and 0.18% of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 12.6% of the urban houses and 2.9% of all houses had access to safe drinking water at the time of the census; 34% of the urban and about 7.4% of the total had toilet facilities.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangur
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Faded Steel Heat is a fantasy novel by American writer Glen Cook, the ninth book in his ongoing Garrett P.I. series. The series combines elements of mystery and fantasy as it follows the adventures of private investigator Garrett.
Plot introduction
Garrett is a hardboiled detective living in the city of TunFaire, a melting pot of different races, cultures, religions, and species. When people have problems, they often come to Garrett for help, but trouble has a way of finding Garrett on its own, whether he likes it or not.
Plot summary
This ninth installment in the Garrett series sees Garrett visited at home by three lovely young ladies, Tinnie Tate, Giorgi Nicholas (Nicks), and Alyx Weider, daughter of Max Weider. Alyx explains that she has been sent by her father to get Garrett to investigate an apparent extortion attempt on the Weider business by The Call, a group of human rights activists headed by Marengo North English. Meanwhile, Colonel Block and Deal Relway strike a deal with Garrett: Garrett will attempt to infiltrate The Call, reporting back to Block and Relway on their activities, while Relway and Block will try to help solve the extortion attempt on the Weiders, as well as ensure the safety of the Weiders and Tates during the ordeal.
In typical Garrett fashion, things start to get complicated when Garrett is attacked by a group of thugs while poking around the Weider brewery. After cleaning up and meeting with Max Weider, Max decides it may be best for Garrett to come to Ty Weider's and Giorgi Nicks' engagement party the following night. When Garrett returns home, the Dead Man concurs, pointing out that it will allow Garrett to investigate the motive of his assailants, as well as help him infiltrate the upper echelons of The Call's society.
With Belinda Contague as his date for the evening, Garrett stumbles into a party that turns dark quickly. By the end of the evening, two of Max Weider's children have been murdered, Max Weider's wife has died, and multiple shapeshifters have been discovered, incapacitated, and arrested. To make matters worse, Belinda Contague gets kidnapped by Crask and Sadler as the evening is winding down.
Garrett quickly hightails it to the Palms, where he has Morley hire an expert tracker, a ratgirl by the name of Pular Singe. With Pular's help, Garrett and Morley track down Crask and Sadler, freeing Belinda and dealing the mafia skull-crackers a serious blow. When Garrett returns home, he's shocked by what he finds: Dean and the Dead Man are gone!
The next day, with help from Colonel Block, Garrett tracks down and arrests Crask and Sadler, who are barely alive from their wounds. With this out of the way, Garrett starts his search for information on the shapeshifters, starting by visiting his friend at the Royal Library, Miss Linda Lee. After getting nowhere fast, Garrett heads back to the Weider's estate, where he and Colonel Block manage to sort out just how and why shapeshifters infiltrated the Weider household.
With Tinnie Tate in tow, Garrett heads out to the estate of Marengo North English, where he continues his search for the shapeshifters. North English, who gets injured in a surprise attack against The Call, has little to offer, but Garrett and Tinnie still manage to uncover one shapeshifter in the midst. With the help of Morley, Belinda Contague, and Marengo North English, Garrett hatches a plan to reunite all the guilty parties back at the Weider manor in an all-inclusive finale.
In the end, Garrett manages to solve the intertwining mysteries of the Weider murders, the shapeshifters, and The Call, and he even unearths an embezzlement scheme that has bankrupted North English and The Call. After a little more detective work, Garrett and company manage to ferret out the last remaining shapechanger in TunFaire, ending the string of murders and impersonations and bringing a small amount of peace to the city. The Dead Man, who returned home with Dean, actually helped mastermind the finale at the Weider's estate, where he had overseen the night's events from his hiding place in a large tank of beer.
Characters
Garrett
The Dead Man
Dean
Tinnie Tate
Alyx Weider
Giorgi Nicholas (Nicks)
Max Weider
Ty Weider
The Goddamn Parrot (Mr. Big)
Marengo North English
Colonel Westman Block
Deal Relway
Morley Dotes
Winger
Saucerhead Tharpe
Crask and Sadler
Belinda Contague
Pular Singe
Playmate
Glory Mooncalled
Garrett P.I.
1999 American novels
American fantasy novels
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faded%20Steel%20Heat
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Ira Walton Drew (August 31, 1878 – February 12, 1972) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania and osteopathic physician.
Biography
Ira Drew was born in Hardwick, Vermont. He apprenticed as a printer, becoming a journeyman in 1899. He was a newspaper reporter in Burlington, Vermont, from 1899 through 1906, and a reporter and news editor in Boston, Massachusetts from 1906 through 1908. He graduated from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathy (now the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine) in 1911 and began the practice of osteopathic medicine in Philadelphia the same year. He was member of the faculty of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathy from 1912 through 1933.
He was elected as a Democrat to the 75th Congress in 1936, but was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1938. After his term in congress, he served as a member of the board of trustees of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathy.
He is buried at Whitemarsh Memorial Park in Prospectville, Pennsylvania.
Sources
The Political Graveyard
1878 births
1972 deaths
American osteopathic physicians
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine alumni
Physicians from Pennsylvania
People from Hardwick, Vermont
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira%20W.%20Drew
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State Route 339 (SR 339) is a state highway in Lyon County, Nevada, United States. It starts at State Route 208 east of Wilson Canyon and it parallels that route to the west north to U.S. 95 Alternate (Goldfield Avenue) in Yerington.
Major intersections
References
339
Transportation in Lyon County, Nevada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada%20State%20Route%20339
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Verulamium Park is a park in St Albans, Hertfordshire. Set in over of parkland, Verulamium Park was purchased from the Earl of Verulam in 1929 by the then City Corporation. Today the park is owned and operated by St Albans City and District Council.
The park is named after the Roman city of Verulamium on which it stands. The city walls and outline of the main London Gate can still be seen. Archaeological excavations were undertaken in the park during the 1930s by Sir Mortimer Wheeler and his wife Tessa, during which the 1800-year-old hypocaust and its covering mosaic floor were discovered. The Hypocaust Mosaic is on view to the public and currently protected from the elements by a purpose-built building in the park. On the outskirts of the park is Verulamium Museum, which contains hundreds of archaeological objects relating to everyday Roman life in what was a major Roman city. A pub, Ye Olde Fighting Cocks, is also located on the edge of the park. This pub has been listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the oldest such establishment in England.
There is also a seasonal splash park situated near the main car park, which is free to use and runs between May and September.
A main feature of the park is the ornamental lake. Construction started on this project during 1929, giving much needed work to the unemployed of St Albans during the depression. The lake is fed by the River Ver. The lake is home to a wealth of waterbirds, including mallards, swans, Canada geese, herons, great crested grebes, coots, pochards and tufted ducks.
In the southeastern part of the park, the Westminster Lodge Leisure Centre and Abbey View 9-hole golf course provide a number of sports facilities, including a pool, gym, tennis, fitness classes, running track and football pitch. The park also hosts St Albans parkrun, a free weekly timed 5k event every Saturday morning at 9am.
The northeastern edge of the park abuts St Albans Cathedral and St Albans School, the northwestern edge abuts St Michael's Church, and the southeastern edge abuts St Columba's College. St Albans Abbey railway station is situated just to the east of the park.
The park also hosts a small children's funfair which has been coming there for 46 years. That comes around Easter with the Sun and the summer holidays. It is situated near the hypocaust.
References
External links
St Albans City and District Council - Verulamium Park
Friends of Verulamium Park website
Parks and open spaces in Hertfordshire
St Albans
River Ver
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verulamium%20Park
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George Drennan Fischer (November 29, 1925 – October 11, 2021) was an American activist and spokesman for the National Education Association.
In 1968, he signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.
He presented the Statement on Comprehensive Preschool Education and Child Day Care Act of 1969 before the Select Subcommittee on Education, February 27, 1970.
He also published on the state of Native American education with Walter Mondale.
His actions got him placed on the master list of Nixon political opponents.
References
Fischer's 1970 statement before the Senate
George D. Fischer and Walter F. Mondale, "Indian Education-A National Disgrace," Today's Education, LIX (March, 1970), p. 26.
1925 births
2021 deaths
American tax resisters
National Education Association people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Drennen%20Fischer
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The History of Duke University began when Brown's Schoolhouse, a private subscription school in Randolph County, North Carolina (in the present-day town of Trinity), was founded in 1838. The school was renamed to Union Institute Academy in 1841, Normal College in 1851, and to Trinity College in 1859. Finally moving to Durham in 1892, the school grew rapidly, primarily due to the generosity of Washington Duke and Julian S. Carr, powerful and respected Methodists who had grown wealthy through the tobacco industry. In 1924, Washington Duke's son, James B. Duke, established The Duke Endowment, a $40 million (about $430 million in 2005 dollars) trust fund, some of which was to go to Trinity College. The president thus renamed the school Duke University, as a memorial to Washington Duke and his family.
Beginnings: 1838–1886
The school was organized by the Union Institute Society, a group of Methodists and Quakers under the leadership of Reverend Brantley York, and in 1841, North Carolina issued a charter for Union Institute Academy from the original Brown's Schoolhouse. The state legislature granted a rechartering of the academy as Normal College in 1851, and the privilege of granting degrees in 1853. To keep the school operating, the trustees agreed to provide free education for Methodist preachers in return for financial support by the church, and in 1859 the transformation was formalized with a name change to Trinity College and the adoption of the motto "Eruditio et Religio," meaning "Knowledge and Religion."
This era was a time of important firsts. In 1871, Chi Phi was organized as the school's first student social organization. In 1878, Mary, Persis, and Theresa Giles became the first women to be awarded degrees. At that time, women were allowed only as day students. In 1881, Yao-ju "Charlie" Soong from Weichau, China, enrolled, becoming the school's first international student.
Move to Durham: 1887–1900
In 1887, Yale-educated economist John Franklin Crowell became President of Trinity College. Committed to the German university model which emphasized research over recitation, Crowell directed a major revision in the curriculum and convinced the trustees to move to a more urban location. In 1892, Trinity opened in Durham, largely due to the generosity of Washington Duke and Julian S. Carr, powerful and respected Methodists who had grown prosperous through the tobacco industry (see American Tobacco Company and Duke Power). Carr donated the site, which today is Duke's East Campus, while Washington Duke contributed $100,000 for the endowment and construction of a female dormitory named after his daughter Mary, with the stipulation of placing women on an "equal footing with men".
John C. Kilgo became president in 1894 and greatly increased the interest of the Duke family in Trinity. Washington Duke offered three gifts of $100,000 (about $2,200,000 in 2005 dollars) each for endowment. Trinity was the first white institution of higher education in the South to invite Booker T. Washington to speak (in 1900). In 1896 Joseph Maytubby became the first Native American graduate of Trinity.
Bassett Affair: 1903
In 1903, a controversy arose that would eventually lead to a significant event in the evolution of academic freedom in U.S. higher education. This series of events is known as the "Bassett Affair." Popular professor John Spencer Bassett published an article in the South Atlantic Quarterly entitled "Stirring Up the Fires of Race Antipathy" in October 1903. In the article, he spoke about improving race relations and gave praise to numerous African Americans. Near the end of the article, he wrote "...Booker T. Washington [is] the greatest man, save General Lee, born in the South in a hundred years..." This led to an outpouring of anger from powerful Democratic party leaders as well as the media and public. Many demanded that Bassett be fired and encouraged parents to take their children out of the university. Resulting from immense public pressure, Bassett offered his resignation if the Board of Trustees requested that he do so. The Board of Trustees then held a meeting to decide the fate of Bassett. In the end, they voted 18-7 not to accept the resignation citing academic freedom. In their decision, they wrote, "We are particularly unwilling to lend ourselves to any tendency to destroy or limit academic liberty, a tendency which has, within recent years, manifested itself in some conspicuous instances, and which has created a feeling of uneasiness for the welfare of American colleges [...] We cannot lend countenance to the degrading notion that professors in American colleges have not an equal liberty of thought and speech with all other Americans." In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt commended Trinity and Bassett's courageous stand for academic freedom while speaking to the university. He told the school, "You stand for Academic Freedom, for the right of private judgment, for a duty more incumbent upon the scholar than upon any other man, to tell the truth as he sees it, to claim for himself and to give to others the largest liberty in seeking after the truth."
Blue Devils: 1922
The mascot for Duke's athletic teams, the Blue Devil, has an interesting history. As World War I ended, Duke's Board of Trustees, then called the "Trinity College Board of Trustees," lifted their quarter-century ban of football on campus, leading to an interest in naming the athletic teams. The team was then known as the Trinity Eleven, the Blue and White, or the Methodists (as opposed to the Baptists of nearby rival Wake Forest University). Because of the ambiguity, the student newspaper, the Trinity Chronicle (now called The Chronicle) launched a campaign to create a new mascot. Nominations for a new team name included Catamounts, Grizzlies, Badgers, Dreadnaughts, and Captains. The Trinity Chronicle editor narrowed the many nominations down to those that utilized the school colors of dark blue and white. The narrowed list consisted of Blue Titans, Blue Eagles, Polar Bears, Blue Devils, Royal Blazes, and Blue Warriors. None of the nominations proved to be a clear favorite, but the name Blue Devils elicited criticism that could potentially engender opposition on campus. That year, the football season passed with no official selection.
During the 1922–1923 academic year, campus student leaders and the editors of the two other student publications, The Archive and The Chanticleer, decided that the newspaper staff should decide the name on their own because the nomination process had proved inconclusive. Editor-in-chief William H. Lander and managing editor Mike Bradshaw began referring to the athletic teams as the Blue Devils. Though the name was not officially used that year, no opposition to the name arose (surprising many). The Chronicle's staff continued to use the name and eventually, "Blue Devils" caught on.
Birth of Duke University: 1924–1938
On December 11, 1924, James B. Duke established The Duke Endowment, a $40 million trust fund (equivalent to $ in ), the annual income of which was to be distributed in the Carolinas among hospitals, orphanages, the Methodist Church, three colleges, and a university built around Trinity College. President William Preston Few insisted that the university be named Duke University, and James B. Duke agreed on the condition that it be a memorial to his father and family.
The university grew up quickly. Duke's original campus (now East Campus) was rebuilt from 1925 to 1927 with Georgian-style buildings. The School of Religion and Graduate School opened in 1926. By 1930, the majority of the Gothic Revival buildings on the campus one mile (1.6 km) west were completed in order to accommodate the Undergraduate Trinity College for men as well as the professional schools. The Women's College on East Campus opened in 1930, at the same time as the men's Trinity College, the Medical School, and the Hospital opened on West Campus. The Law School, founded in 1904, was reorganized in 1930. The School of Nursing was founded in 1931, and the construction of Duke Chapel was complete in 1935. The J. Deryl Hart House, the official residence for Duke's presidents, was completed in 1934. In 1938, the School of Forestry (later becoming the School of the Environment) opened. That same year, Duke's football team, deemed the "Iron Dukes," went unscored upon the entire regular season, finally giving up a touchdown to USC in the final minute of the 1939 Rose Bowl loss. Shortly thereafter, Duke University became the thirty-fourth member of the Association of American Universities.
Expansion and growth: 1939–1992
Engineering, which had been taught since 1903, became a separate school in 1939. In athletics, Duke hosted and competed in the only Rose Bowl game ever played outside of California in Wallace Wade Stadium in 1942. Up until 1963, Duke University was a whites-only school, in both students and faculty. That year, Duke desegregated when five black students, Mary Harris, Gene Kendall, Wilhelmina Reuben-Cooke, Cassandra Smith Rush, and Nathaniel White, enrolled at the university. The university currently has a scholarship named in their honor. Increased activism on campus during the 1960s sparked Martin Luther King Jr. to speak to the university on the civil rights movement's progress on November 14, 1964. The overflow audience in Page Auditorium necessitated that organizers put the speech on loudspeakers to an outside crowd. Another memorable incident in Duke's history towards racial equality was The Silent Vigil at Duke University, which lasted from April 4, 1968, to April 12, 1968. Provoked by the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., students, faculty, and nonacademic workers participated in The Silent Vigil at Duke University, a peaceful protest that not only demanded collective bargaining rights for the campus' unofficial workers' union, but also advocated against racial discrimination in the local area.
The former governor of North Carolina, Terry Sanford, was elected president in 1969, propelling the Fuqua School of Business's opening. Additionally, the William R. Perkins library completion in 1969 doubled the library's services and increased the collection's total space by five hundred percent. In 1971, the Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs was founded. The separate Woman's College merged back with Trinity as the liberal arts college for both men and women in 1972 and the Mary Lou Williams Center for Black Culture opened in 1983. Duke University Hospital, containing units for medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and obstetrics/gynecology, was finished in 1980. The Bryan University Center, a student union of sorts, was fully constructed two years later. Duke's first NCAA championship was captured by the men's soccer team in 1986. This was followed by the men's basketball team back-to-back championships in 1991 and 1992 under the leadership of Hall of Fame Coach Mike Krzyzewski.
Recent history: 1993–present
Duke University's growth and academic focus have dramatically increased the university's reputation as an academic and research institution in recent years. In 1993, Duke's three-member team finished in first place in the prestigious William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition, earning the title of the best collegiate undergraduate math team in the United States and Canada. Duke would repeat as champions again in 1996 and 2000. In nine out of the past ten years, Duke's team has finished in the top three, the only school besides Harvard to do so. Since 1992, five Duke students have been named Putnam Fellows.
Construction continued on campus, with the Levine Science Research Center (LSRC) opening in 1994 to house interdisciplinary research. Later that year, the Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy relocated to a new building and new dorms opened on East Campus. In 1995, Peter M. Nicholas ('64), donated $20 million to the School of the Environment, which originated from the School of Forestry and the Duke Marine Lab. Also, James B. Duke's daughter, Doris Duke, gave the university $10 million for research.
The next year, recreational facilities received a major facelift, with the Keith and Brenda Brodie Recreational Center opening on East Campus, and a major overhaul of Wilson Recreation Center on West Campus in the works. Also in 1996, Robert Coleman (Ph.D. '65) won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
In 1998, Duke President Nan Keohane initiated a five-year $1.5 billion Campaign for Duke fundraising effort. Former President George H. W. Bush delivered the commencement address, following Jimmy Carter's lead the year before. Edmund T. Pratt, Jr. ('47) endowed the Pratt School of Engineering with a $35 million gift in 1999. A year later, major plans for an overhaul of the residence life structure were approved. In the 2000s (decade), campus growth has shown no signs of slowing down (see Construction projects at Duke University). The Campaign for Duke ended in 2003 with $2.36 billion raised, making it the fifth largest campaign in the history of American higher education.
In the 2004 fiscal year, research expenditures surpassed $490 million, leading to a myriad of important breakthroughs. The Duke Global Health Research Building, one of four laboratories in the U.S. attempting to "develop new vaccines, drugs, and tests to fight infectious diseases for a Duke-led consortium of universities," broke ground. Also undergoing construction was the Duke Smart House, a research center in which undergraduates explore resource-efficient design.
In 2005, three students were named Rhodes Scholars, making Duke the institution tied for the second most recipients. In Duke history, forty students have been honored with this scholarship. More recent research includes a blueprint for an invisibility cloak using "metamaterials" and Duke researchers' involvement in mapping the final human chromosome, which made world news as the Human Genome Project was finally complete.
Sustainability
Duke University has undertaken a number of initiatives designed to improve campus sustainability. The school receives over 30% of its energy needs from wind and hydroelectric power sources, making it one of the top five purchasers of renewable energy amongst organizations in the field of higher education. The school makes an effort to buy food from local growers, and adjusts the menus of its eateries seasonally. All of the dining establishments on campus use fair trade coffee, recycled napkins, and are required to recycle and compost.
The Duke campus presently features 17 projects which are LEED-certified, and all future campus buildings will be required to meet this same certification standard. A plan to redesign a area of the central campus, which will integrate sustainable practices at all levels of its construction, is also currently under development.
As a result of its campus wide efforts at sustainability, Duke University received a B+ grade from the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2008.
Important dates
Timeline
Notes
External links
Duke History
Duke University Libraries Digital Collections - Construction of Duke University, 1924-1932 Includes photographs and records produced during the design and construction of the university's east and west campuses.
Office of the University Architect homepage
Julian Abele (Duke University Architect)
Duke University
Duke University
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Duke%20University
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Guba is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the former Sultanate of Gubba. Part of the Metekel Zone, Guba is bordered by the Abay River on the south which separates it from the Kamashi Zone, Sudan on the west, Amhara Region on the north, Dangur on the east, and on the southeast by the Beles River, which separates it from Wenbera. Towns in Guba include Mankush. A refugee camp for displaced persons from Sudan operated in this woreda at Yarenja until all of its inhabitants were repatriated and the camp closed 28 March 2007.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 14,907, of whom 7,484 were men and 7,423 were women; 2,339 or 15.69% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants were Moslem, with 87.25% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 12.54% of the population said they practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 10,851, of whom 5,305 are men and 5,546 are women; 1,255 or 11.57% of the population are urban dwellers which is greater than the Zone average of 10.7%. With an estimated area of 3,896.10 square kilometers, Guba has a population density of 2.8 people per square kilometer which is less than the Zone average of 8.57.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 7,962 in 2193 households, of whom 3,899 were men and 4,063 were women; 729 or 9.16% of its population were urban. The four largest ethnic groups reported in Guba were the Gumuz (66.5%), the Shinasha (14.9%), the Amhara (6.6%), the Awi (11%) a subgroup of the Agaw, and the Tigrayans (1%). Gumuz is spoken as a first language by 65.1%, while 15.7% speak Boro, 7.2% speak Amharic, 11% speak Awngi, and 1% speak Tigrinya. The majority of the inhabitants were Muslim, with 88.9% of the population reporting that they held that belief, while 7% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity. Concerning education, 9.5% of the population were considered literate, which is less than the Zone average of 18.61%; 5.67% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school; a negligible number of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school; and a negligible number of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 98% of the urban houses and 9.2% of all houses had access to safe drinking water at the time of the census; 33.3% of the urban and 3.8% of the total had toilet facilities.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guba%20%28Ethiopian%20District%29
|
Two ships of the United States Navy have been named Currituck after Currituck Sound along the coasts of North Carolina and Virginia.
, a Civil War screw steamer originally named Seneca.
, the lead ship of the World War II era s.
Sources
United States Navy ship names
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Currituck
|
Angry Lead Skies is a fantasy novel by American writer Glen Cook, the tenth book in his ongoing Garrett P.I. series. The series combines elements of mystery and fantasy as it follows the adventures of private investigator Garrett.
Plot
Garrett is a detective living in the city of TunFaire. When people have problems, they come to Garrett for help, but trouble has a way of finding him.
Garrett is at home when Playmate visits, with a kid, Kip Prose. Kip has made friends with creatures that cannot quite be described, but because of his relationship with these creatures, other parties are trying to kidnap Kip. Despite his protests, Garrett gets drawn into the mess.
While searching Playmate's stables for clues, Garrett and company are attacked by another group of indescribable assailants. Morley, Saucerhead, and Pular Singe wake Garrett and Playmate after the scuffle, but Kip Prose is gone.
Playmate and Garrett talk to Kip's family, hoping to find clues to his whereabouts. Despite some leads, Playmate and Garrett are unable to locate Kip, although they do encounter an "elf" named Casey, who assures them Kip is in no immediate danger.
When Playmate goes missing, Garrett and Pular Singe track him down, with the Roze triplets tagging along. Pular tracks the scent to Casey's apartment, where there are more mysterious elves. The trail eventually takes Garrett, Pular and the Rozes into the country outside TunFaire, where they find more of the elves, their spaceships, and an unconscious Playmate, Saucerhead Tharpe and Kip Prose. Garrett decides it is time to involve the Watch, who can hopefully clean up the mess.
Meanwhile, a ratman named John Stretch, Pular Singe's brother, attempts to kidnap Pular for his own purposes. While Garrett and John Stretch come to an agreement, Colonel Block and Deal Relway try to manage the situation with the remaining elves. Garrett strikes a deal between Kip Prose, Max Weider, and Willard Tate, in which the involved parties agree to manufacture "Three Wheels", a revolutionary new method of transportation for the citizens of TunFaire.
As a final twist, Casey escapes, thwarting the attempts of Garrett and the Watch to discover the true nature of the "silver elves". Though Relway is angry and suspicious of Garrett, Garrett is on top of the world, with his new stake in the Three Wheel business booming and the Goddamn Parrot missing in action.
Characters
Garrett
The Dead Man
Dean
Playmate
Kip Prose
The Goddamn Parrot (Mr. Big)
Morley Dotes
Saucerhead Tharpe
Pular Singe
Colonel Westman Block
Belinda Contague
Winger
The Roze Triplets
Deal Relway
John Stretch
Tinnie Tate
Willard Tate
Max Weider
Garrett P.I.
2002 American novels
American fantasy novels
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angry%20Lead%20Skies
|
A contrafact is a musical work based on a prior work. The term comes from classical music and has only since the 1940s been applied to jazz, where it is still not standard. In classical music, contrafacts have been used as early as the parody mass and In Nomine of the 16th century. More recently, Cheap Imitation (1969) by John Cage was produced by systematically changing notes from the melody line of Socrate by Erik Satie using chance procedures.
In jazz, a contrafact is a musical composition consisting of a new melody overlaid on a familiar harmonic structure.
As a compositional device, it was of particular importance in the 1940s development of bop, since it allowed jazz musicians to create new pieces for performance and recording on which they could immediately improvise, without having to seek permission or pay publisher fees for copyrighted materials (while melodies can be copyrighted, the underlying harmonic structure cannot be).
Contrafacts are not to be confused with musical quotations, which comprise borrowing rhythms or melodic figures from an existing composition.
Examples
Well-known examples of contrafacts include the Charlie Parker/Miles Davis bop tune "Donna Lee," which uses the chord changes of the standard "Back Home Again in Indiana" or Thelonious Monk's jazz standard "Evidence", which borrows the chord progression from Jesse Greer and Raymond Klages's song "Just You, Just Me" (1929). Examples from the classical oeuvre include Sinfonia by Luciano Berio using fragments from Mahler, George Crumb borrowing Chopin's nocturnes, or Matt A. Mason's "Heiligenstadt Echo" which takes from Beethoven's Sonata in Ab major, op. 110. The Gershwin tune "I Got Rhythm" has proved especially amenable to contrafactual recomposition: the popularity of its "rhythm changes" is second only to that of the 12-bar blues as a basic harmonic structure used by jazz composers.
See also
Contrafactum
Stomp progression
List of jazz contrafacts
Sources
Further reading
External links
Jazz Resource Library | Glossary at Jazz in America
Helzer, Richard A. (2004). , iaje.com.
Chord progressions
Jazz techniques
Musical terminology
Jazz terminology
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrafact
|
Drillbit Taylor is a 2008 American coming-of-age comedy film directed by Steven Brill, produced by Judd Apatow, Susan Arnold and Donna Arkoff Roth with screenplay by Kristofor Brown and Seth Rogen based on an original story by John Hughes (his final film work before his death in 2009). In the film, three high school pupils decide to hire an adult bodyguard to protect them from a bully who endlessly harasses and abuses them.
The film stars Owen Wilson as the eponymous role, alongside Nate Hartley, Troy Gentile, David Dorfman (his final film role before his retirement), Alex Frost, Josh Peck and Leslie Mann in supporting roles.
Drillbit Taylor was released by Paramount Pictures on March 21, 2008. Upon release, the film received mixed reviews, with criticism directed mainly toward the screenwriting, the direction and the mean-spirited nature, but praised the humor, Wilson's performance and the chemistry between the cast.
Plot
On the first day of high school, freshmen Wade and Ryan witness bullies Filkins and Ronnie attack a geek, Emmit, stuffing him into his locker. Wade intervenes, so the two begin endlessly targeting Wade, Ryan and Emmit. Emmit also befriends the duo, much to Ryan's dismay. The principal is unable to do anything because Filkins is an emancipated minor whose parents are in Hong Kong.
Wade suggests hiring a bodyguard. They place an ad on the Internet, and after a series of disturbing interviews with ex-cons and hired guns, they end up selecting Drillbit Taylor. Drillbit pretends to be a martial arts expert and mercenary but is really a homeless beggar. His real intention of becoming their bodyguard was to rob them and use the money to buy a ticket to Canada.
Drillbit suggests they find some common interests with Filkins and Ronnie. Ryan challenges Filkins to a rap battle but gets carried away and ends up unintentionally humiliating him. So, an angry Filkins, alongside Ronnie, ambushes the trio. Trying out a tactic Drillbit taught them ultimately fails. The boys are furious with his teachings. But they decide to bring him to school as a substitute teacher, and in that capacity he is able to protect them. While there, Drillbit meets a teacher, Lisa Zachey, and they start a sexual relationship.
One morning as his mother is driving him to school, Ronnie sees Drillbit showering at the beach; his mother reveals that he is homeless; she is one of many he asks for money frequently. Filkins finds the boys and punches Drillbit. Later, at Wade's, they catch Drillbit's homeless friends stealing everything in sight. Drillbit confesses that his real name is Bob; he went AWOL from the U.S. Army and his name was Drillbit because he hurt his pinky finger in high school with a drillbit.
The boys fire Drillbit, who later recovers all of Wade's possessions and places them back before Wade's parents return home. Unfortunately, the boys accidentally let the truth slip about Drillbit. Their parents take things up with the principal, who contacts the police. Filkins plays innocent and charms all the adults; Filkins continues to ridicule the boys after Drillbit's disappearance. Tensions finally burst when Filkins interrupts Wade's attempt to ask out his crush, Brooke Nguyen. Without thinking, Wade challenges Filkins to a fight. After Ryan insults Emmit, he refuses to help them.
Wade and Ryan arrive at Filkins' house, where he is hosting a party; initially, the duo knock him down, but he soon overpowers them with Ronnie. Emmit, who has a change of heart, comes to their aid and for a while causes quite a lot of pain to Filkins, almost defeating him; but Ronnie knocks him out while he is trying to break Filkins' leg.
Drillbit shows up and Filkins punches him. Drillbit refuses to fight back until it is revealed Filkins is 18, thus no longer a minor. Hearing this, Drillbit quickly begins fighting to defend the freshmen. He doesn't attack Ronnie when he reveals he's only 17. Within minutes, the police arrive and Drillbit flees for fear of prosecution. Filkins then throws a samurai sword at the boys in retaliation, but Drillbit comes back and catches it, saving them--at the cost of half of his pinkie. When they interview him, Ronnie reveals to the police that Filkins had bullied him into being his accomplice.
Filkins is arrested and shipped off to Hong Kong with his parents as an alternative to being sent to prison for breaking several underage drinking laws. Wade, with renewed confidence, asks Brooke out and she accepts, while Ryan finally accepts Emmit and declares him a friend.
Drillbit is taken to jail for desertion, but he ends up being released within three weeks. He is reunited with Lisa and the boys and is soon employed at their school as a nurse. A post-credits scene shows a student entering the nurse's office telling Drillbit he received bruises from being beaten up. Drillbit then asks him for the name of the student, assuring he'll be safer from then on.
Cast
In addition, Valerie Tian plays Brooke, the girl Wade is sweet on, while cameo appearances include standup comics Kevin Hart and Lisa Lampanelli, the film's director, Steven Brill, and "bodyguard candidates" that include Israeli Defence Force martial arts expert and Israel's Heavyweight Full Contact Champion Amir Perets, UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Chuck Liddell, and Adam Baldwin, who makes a dismissive reference to the plot of his 1980 film My Bodyguard.
Marketing
Marketing for the movie included television promos and coming attractions previews, but actor Owen Wilson did not conduct any interviews to promote the film. Instead, Paramount Pictures had Wilson record introductions for Fox's Sunday night primetime shows such as The Simpsons, American Dad!, King of the Hill, Family Guy, and Unhitched. The character of Drillbit was also featured as a "Superstar" on the RAW page of WWE.com for a period of time. Wilson's publicist said his availability was limited due to filming Marley & Me.
John Horn and Gina Piccalo of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the reason for Wilson's limited promotional schedule was due to studio executives being worried that interviewers would bring up Wilson's hospitalization for severe depression in the summer of 2007.
Reception
Box office
In its opening weekend, the film grossed $10.2 million in 3,056 theaters in the United States and Canada, ranking #4 at the box office. The film has grossed $32,862,104 in the United States and $16,828,521 in other countries adding to a total worldwide gross of $49,690,625.
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of based on reviews from critics, with an average rating of . The site's consensus states: "Owen Wilson's charms can't save Drillbit Taylor, an unfunny, overly familiar bullied-teen comedy." On Metacritic the film has a score of 41 out of 100 based on reviews from 31 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade B on scale of A to F.
Home media
The film was released on both rated (102 minutes) and unrated (109 minutes) DVD and Blu-ray on July 1, 2008. About 620,927 units have been sold, bringing in $11,669,617 in revenue.
References
See also
My Bodyguard - 1980 film with a similar premise
External links
2008 films
2000s high school films
2000s teen comedy films
American high school films
American teen comedy films
Apatow Productions films
Films about bullying
Films about educators
Films directed by Steven Brill
Films produced by Judd Apatow
Films scored by Christophe Beck
Films set in Los Angeles
Films shot in Los Angeles
Paramount Pictures films
Films with screenplays by Seth Rogen
2008 comedy films
Films about deserters
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drillbit%20Taylor
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The 31st Chess Olympiad (, 31-ya Shakhmatnaya olimpiada), organized by FIDE and comprising an open and a women's tournament, took place between November 30 and December 17, 1994, in Moscow, Russia. Both tournament sections were officiated by international arbiter Yuri Averbakh of Russia.
The record number of nations once again counted some old faces playing under new flags. Yugoslavia was back, but now represented by the federation of Serbia-Montenegro. Another former Yugoslav republic, Macedonia, also made its debut, as did the Czech Republic and Slovakia who competed individually for the first time. Finally, the International Braille Chess Association entered two truly international teams.
The Russian team retained their title, captained by PCA world champion Kasparov. Due to a dispute with the national federation, FIDE champion Anatoly Karpov was not present. A strong performance from Bosnia-Herzegovina, led by Nikolić, earned them the silver, while the Russian "B" team of juniors, somewhat surprisingly, took the bronze—the first and only time that the same nation has occupied more than one medal rank.
Open event
The open division was contested by 124 teams representing 122 nations plus Russia "B" and the IBCA. The time control for each game permitted each player 2 hours to make the first 40 of his or her moves, then an additional 1-hour to make the next 20 moves. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided by 1. The Buchholz system; and 2. Match points.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Open event
! # !! Country !! Players !! Averagerating !! Points !! Buchholz
|-
| style="background:gold;"|1 || || Kasparov, Kramnik, Bareev, Dreev, Tiviakov, Svidler || 2714 || 37½ ||
|-
| style="background:silver;"|2 || || P. Nikolić, Sokolov, Kurajica, Dizdarević, N. Nikolić, Milovanović || 2585 || 35 ||
|-
| style="background:#cc9966;"|3 || "B" || Morozevich, Zviagintsev, Ulibin, Rublevsky, Sakaev, Yemelin || 2570 || 34½ || 457.5
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! # !! Country !! Averagerating !! Points !! Buchholz !! MP
|-
| 4 || || 2630 || 34½ || ||
|-
| 5 || || 2570 || 34 || 453.0 ||
|-
| 6 || || 2610 || 34 || 450.5 ||
|-
| 7 || || 2598 || 34 || 432.5 ||
|-
| 8 || || 2619 || 33½ || 449.5 ||
|-
| 9 || || 2624 || 33½ || 448.5 ||
|-
| 10 || || 2564 || 33½ || 446.5 ||
|-
| 11 || || 2530 || 33½ || 443.5 ||
|-
| 12 || || 2565 || 33½ || 434.0 ||
|-
| 13 || || 2601 || 33 || 442.5 ||
|-
| 14 || || 2611 || 33 || 438.0 ||
|-
| 15 || || 2546 || 32½ || 453.0 ||
|-
| 16 || || 2611 || 32½ || 452.0 ||
|-
| 17 || || 2536 || 32½ || 449.5 ||
|-
| 18 || || 2525 || 32½ || 440.0 ||
|-
| 19 || || 2595 || 32 || 437.0 ||
|-
| 20 || || 2508 || 32 || 433.0 || 18
|-
| 21 || || 2465 || 32 || 433.0 || 16
|-
| 22 || || 2553 || 32 || 432.0 ||
|-
| 23 || || 2569 || 32 || 427.5 ||
|-
| 24 || || 2528 || 31½ || 448.5 ||
|-
| 25 || || 2495 || 31½ || 438.5 ||
|-
| 26 || || 2555 || 31½ || 435.0 ||
|-
| 27 || || 2496 || 31½ || 427.5 ||
|-
| 28 || || 2501 || 31 || 440.0 ||
|-
| 29 || || 2521 || 31 || 431.5 ||
|-
| 30 || || 2504 || 31 || 422.0 ||
|-
| 31 || || 2509 || 31 || 421.5 ||
|-
| 32 || || 2464 || 31 || 420.5 ||
|-
| 33 || || 2519 || 30½ || 436.5 ||
|-
| 34 || || 2529 || 30½ || 432.5 ||
|-
| 35 || || 2428 || 30½ || 421.0 ||
|-
| 36 || || 2188 || 30½ || 420.0 ||
|-
| 37 || || 2455 || 30½ || 416.0 ||
|-
| 38 || || 2495 || 30½ || 410.5 ||
|-
| 39 || || 2415 || 30½ || 403.5 ||
|-
| 40 || || 2418 || 30 || 425.0 ||
|-
| 41 || || 2499 || 30 || 424.0 ||
|-
| 42 || || 2476 || 30 || 423.5 ||
|-
| 43 || || 2501 || 30 || 421.5 ||
|-
| 44 || || 2486 || 30 || 420.5 ||
|-
| 45 || || 2440 || 30 || 418.0 ||
|-
| 46 || || 2345 || 30 || 405.0 ||
|-
| 47 || || 2464 || 29½ || 430.5 ||
|-
| 48 || || 2394 || 29½ || 418.5 ||
|-
| 49 || || 2395 || 29½ || 408.5 || 15
|-
| 50 || || 2449 || 29½ || 408.5 || 14
|-
| 51 || || 2375 || 29½ || 407.0 ||
|-
| 52 || || 2260 || 29½ || 367.5 ||
|-
| 53 || || 2448 || 29 || 411.5 ||
|-
| 54 || || 2428 || 29 || 409.5 ||
|-
| 55 || || 2475 || 29 || 398.0 ||
|-
| 56 || || 2303 || 29 || 394.5 ||
|-
| 57 || || 2381 || 29 || 393.0 ||
|-
| 58 || || 2265 || 29 || 392.0 ||
|-
| 59 || || 2431 || 29 || 388.0 ||
|-
| 60 || || 2343 || 29 || 384.0 ||
|-
| 61 || || 2400 || 28½ || 405.5 ||
|-
| 62 || || 2510 || 28½ || 402.0 ||
|-
| 63 || || 2333 || 28½ || 396.5 ||
|-
| 64 || || 2148 || 28½ || 367.5 ||
|-
| 65 || || 2440 || 28 || 413.0 ||
|-
| 66 || || 2420 || 28 || 410.0 ||
|-
| 67 || || 2270 || 28 || 399.0 || 14
|-
| 68 || || 2320 || 28 || 399.0 || 12
|-
| 69 || || 2385 || 28 || 395.5 ||
|-
| 70 || || 2268 || 28 || 377.5 ||
|-
| 71 || || 2341 || 27½ || 397.5 ||
|-
| 72 || || 2180 || 27½ || 386.5 ||
|-
| 73 || || 2193 || 27½ || 372.5 ||
|-
| 74 || || 2314 || 27½ || 371.0 ||
|-
| 75 || || 2184 || 27½ || 370.5 ||
|-
| 76 || || 2178 || 27½ || 367.5 ||
|-
| 77 || || 2359 || 27 || 392.5 ||
|-
| 78 || || 2391 || 27 || 388.5 ||
|-
| 79 || || 2349 || 27 || 368.5 ||
|-
| 80 || IBCA || 2255 || 26½ || ||
|-
| 81 || || 2289 || 26 || 377.5 ||
|-
| 82 || || 2210 || 26 || 375.5 ||
|-
| 83 || || 2135 || 26 || 359.5 ||
|-
| 84 || || 2171 || 26 || 354.0 ||
|-
| 85 || || 2134 || 26 || 348.5 ||
|-
| 86 || || 2300 || 25½ || 390.0 ||
|-
| 87 || || 2261 || 25½ || 382.5 ||
|-
| 88 || || 2128 || 25½ || 380.0 ||
|-
| 89 || || 2000 || 25½ || 373.5 ||
|-
| 90 || || 2286 || 25½ || 372.0 ||
|-
| 91 || || 2204 || 25½ || 360.5 ||
|-
| 92 || || 2183 || 25½ || 355.0 ||
|-
| 93 || || 2206 || 25½ || 356.5 ||
|-
| 94 || || 2053 || 25½ || 316.5 ||
|-
| 95 || || 2190 || 25 || 375.0 ||
|-
| 96 || || 2051 || 25 || 368.5 ||
|-
| 97 || || 2058 || 25 || 357.5 ||
|-
| 98 || || 2041 || 24½ || 378.0 ||
|-
| 99 || || 2040 || 24½ || 364.5 ||
|-
| 100 || || 2213 || 24½ || 363.0 ||
|-
| 101 || || 2123 || 24½ || 343.5 ||
|-
| 102 || || 2000 || 24½ || 329.5 ||
|-
| 103 || || 2026 || 24½ || 322.5 ||
|-
| 104 || || 2250 || 24 || 373.0 ||
|-
| 105 || || 2190 || 24 || 364.5 ||
|-
| 106 || || 2146 || 24 || 349.0 ||
|-
| 107 || || 2094 || 24 || 345.0 ||
|-
| 108 || || 2054 || 24 || 324.5 ||
|-
| 109 || || 2051 || 23½ || 368.0 ||
|-
| 110 || || 2105 || 23½ || 355.0 ||
|-
| 111 || || 2199 || 23½ || 347.5 ||
|-
| 112 || || 2043 || 23½ || 327.5 ||
|-
| 113 || || 2051 || 23½ || 322.0 ||
|-
| 114 || || 2000 || 23½ || 315.0 ||
|-
| 115 || || 2118 || 23 || 321.5 ||
|-
| 116 || || 2053 || 23 || 319.5 ||
|-
| 117 || || 2000 || 23 || 314.5 ||
|-
| 118 || || 2000 || 22½ || ||
|-
| 119 || || 2000 || 22 || ||
|-
| 120 || || 2000 || 21½ || ||
|-
| 121 || || 2000 || 19 || ||
|-
| 122 || and || 2000 || 15½ || ||
|-
| 123 || || 2000 || 14 || ||
|-
| 124 || || 2000 || 11 || ||
|}
Individual medals
Performance rating: Veselin Topalov 2781
Board 1: Daniel Hugo Cámpora 7½ / 9 = 83.3%
Board 2: Carlos Dávila 11 / 14 = 78.6%
Board 3: Ennio Arlandi 7½ / 9 = 83.3%
Board 4: Yasser Seirawan 8½ / 10 = 85.0%
1st reserve: Leighton Williams 6 / 7 = 85.7%
2nd reserve: Brian Kelly 5½ / 7 = 78.6%
Women's event
The women's division was contested by 81 teams representing 79 nations plus Russia "B" and the IBCA. The time control for each game permitted each player 2 hours to make the first 40 of his or her moves, then an additional 1-hour to make the next 20 moves. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided by 1. The Buchholz system; and 2. Match points.
The Georgian team, led by former world champion Chiburdanidze, retained their title. Hungary returned to the medal ranks due to the return of Zsuzsa and Zsófia Polgár. Meanwhile, little sister Judit played first board for the Hungarian team in the open event - the first woman to do so. China, captained by reigning world champion Xie Jun, took the bronze.
{| class="wikitable"
! # !! Country !! Players !! Averagerating !! Points !! Buchholz
|-
| style="background:gold;"|1 || || Chiburdanidze, Ioseliani, Arakhamia-Grant, Gurieli || 2463 || 32''' ||
|-
| style="background:silver;"|2 || || Zsuzsa Polgár, Zsófia Polgár, Mádl, Csonkics || 2472 || 31 ||
|-
| style="background:#cc9966;"|3 || || Xie Jun, Peng Zhaoqin, Qin Kanying, Zhu Chen || 2420 || 27 || 351.0
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! # !! Country !! Averagerating !! Points !! Buchholz
|-
| 4 || || 2357 || 27 || 346.0
|-
| 5 || || 2340 || 25 ||
|-
| 6 || || 2255 || 24½ || 336.5
|-
| 7 || || 2352 || 24½ || 326.0
|-
| 8 || || 2270 || 24½ || 320.5
|-
| 9 || || 2260 || 24 || 346.0
|-
| 10 || || 2382 || 24 || 342.0
|-
| 11 || || 2267 || 24 || 338.0
|-
| 12 || "B" || 2238 || 24 || 337.5
|-
| 13 || || 2317 || 24 || 328.0
|-
| 14 || || 2120 || 24 || 324.5
|-
| 15 || || 2263 || 24 || 322.5
|-
| 16 || || 2280 || 24 || 314.0
|-
| 17 || || 2378 || 23½ || 332.5
|-
| 18 || || 2352 || 23½ || 329.5
|-
| 19 || || 2258 || 23½ || 324.5
|-
| 20 || || 2298 || 23½ || 309.0
|-
| 21 || || 2227 || 23½ || 304.0
|-
| 22 || || 2317 || 23 || 329.5
|-
| 23 || || 2212 || 23 || 304.5
|-
| 24 || || 2203 || 22½ || 323.5
|-
| 25 || || 2203 || 22½ || 322.0
|-
| 26 || || 2188 || 22½ || 320.5
|-
| 27 || || 2317 || 22½ || 320.0
|-
| 28 || || 2180 || 22½ || 317.5
|-
| 29 || || 2167 || 22½ || 314.5
|-
| 30 || || 2167 || 22½ || 310.5
|-
| 31 || || 2150 || 22½ || 305.0
|-
| 32 || || 2143 || 22½ || 300.5
|-
| 33 || || 2143 || 22½ || 289.0
|-
| 34 || || 2178 || 22 || 309.0
|-
| 35 || || 2213 || 22 || 302.0
|-
| 36 || || 2152 || 22 || 301.0
|-
| 37 || || 2188 || 22 || 300.0
|-
| 38 || || 2263 || 21½ || 343.0
|-
| 39 || || 2240 || 21½ || 316.5
|-
| 40 || || 2177 || 21½ || 301.0
|-
| 41 || || 2072 || 21½ || 287.0
|-
| 42 || || 2167 || 21 || 305.0
|-
| 43 || || 2158 || 21 || 295.0
|-
| 44 || || 2095 || 21 || 290.0
|-
| 45 || || 2113 || 20½ || 294.0
|-
| 46 || || 2058 || 20½ || 289.5
|-
| 47 || || 2015 || 20½ || 276.0
|-
| 48 || || 2032 || 20½ || 274.5
|-
| 49 || || 2012 || 20½ || 272.0
|-
| 50 || || 2038 || 20 || 293.0
|-
| 51 || || 2035 || 20 || 292.5
|-
| 52 || || 2090 || 20 || 287.0
|-
| 53 || IBCA || 2115 || 20 || 285.5
|-
| 54 || || 2095 || 20 || 283.0
|-
| 55 || || 2037 || 20 || 263.0
|-
| 56 || || 2118 || 19½ || 296.0
|-
| 57 || || 2027 || 19½ || 288.0
|-
| 58 || || 2040 || 19½ || 275.0
|-
| 59 || || 2003 || 19½ || 265.5
|-
| 60 || || 2022 || 19½ || 248.0
|-
| 61 || || 2000 || 19½ || 219.0
|-
| 62 || || 2110 || 19 || 294.5
|-
| 63 || || 2000 || 19 || 273.5
|-
| 64 || || 2000 || 19 || 244.0
|-
| 65 || || 2003 || 19 || 226.5
|-
| 66 || || 2000 || 19 || 222.0
|-
| 67 || || 2000 || 18½ || 283.5
|-
| 68 || || 2002 || 18½ || 281.0
|-
| 69 || || 2000 || 18½ || 273.5
|-
| 70 || || 2000 || 18½ || 259.5
|-
| 71 || || 2000 || 18½ || 229.0
|-
| 72 || || 2002 || 18 || 240.0
|-
| 73 || || 2003 || 18 || 223.5
|-
| 74 || || 2012 || 18 || 213.0
|-
| 75 || || 2000 || 17½ ||
|-
| 76 || || 2003 || 17 ||
|-
| 77 || || 2000 || 14½ ||
|-
| 78 || || 2000 || 10½ ||
|-
| 79 || || 2000 || 10 || 213.5
|-
| 80 || || 2000 || 10 || 212.0
|-
| 81 || || 2003 || 7½ ||
|}
Individual medals
Performance rating: Zsófia Polgár 2625
Board 1: Lubov Zsiltzova-Lisenko (IBCA) 10½ / 13 = 80.8%
Board 2: Zsófia Polgár 12½ / 14 = 89.3%
Board 3: Amelia Hernández 8½ / 9 = 94.4%
Reserve: Elena Sedina 10½ / 12 = 87.5%
References
31st Chess Olympiad: Moscow 1994 OlimpBase
Chess Olympiads
Women's Chess Olympiads
Olympiad 1994
Chess Olympiad 1994
1994 in chess
1994 in Russian sport
1994 in Moscow
November 1994 sports events in Russia
December 1994 sports events in Russia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/31st%20Chess%20Olympiad
|
Apollinary Mikhaylovich Vasnetsov (; – 23 January 1933) was a Russian painter and graphic artist. He specialised in scenes from the medieval history of Moscow.
Vasnetsov did not receive a formal artistic education. He had studied under his older brother, Viktor, also a famous painter. From 1883, he along with his brother lived and worked in Abramtsevo where he fell under the influence of Vasily Polenov. In 1898–1899, he travelled across Europe. In addition to epic landscapes of Russian nature, Apollinary Vasnetsov created his own genre of historical landscape reconstruction on the basis of historical and archaeological data. His paintings present a visual picture of medieval Moscow. He was a member of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions (Peredvizhniki) from 1899, and an academician from 1900. He became one of the founders and supervisors of the Union of Russian Artists.
Early life
Vasnetsov had three elder and two younger brothers. His only sister died at the age of four months. Vasnetsov's father played an important role in the upbringing and education of his sons, teaching them to love nature and to become familiar with the life of birds and animals. Vasnetsov's father died in 1870, which came as a terrible blow for him.
The Caucasus and the Urals
In 1890, Vasnetsov made a journey across the North of the Russian Empire and was able to record beautiful views of Siberia and the Urals, including the paintings:
Forest on the Slopes of Mount Blagodat, Mid-Urals (1890)
Boreal forest in the Urals (1890)
Mountain lake in the Urals (1892)
The Steppes of Orenburg (1895)
"Koma" (1895)
In 1895, Vasnetsov visited the Caucasus. He was deeply impressed by the beauty of the rugged Caucasus mountains. While there, he climbed the glaciers of Mt. Elbrus, visited Tiflis and lived in the Darial Gorge. He created a great number of his sketches during this period, including:
View of Elbrus from Bermomut (1895)
Red Cliffs in Kislovodsk (1896)
Elbrus before Sunrise (1897)
Darial (1897)
In 1890, Vasnetsov made a journey across Europe, visiting France and Italy, where he studied the works of famous masters.
At the beginning of 1920, the Committee of Archaeology (the predecessor of the Community for the Saving of Art Monuments) invited Vasnetsov and several other painters (including Vikentii Trofimov) to draw the old places of Voronezh.
A minor planet, 3586 Vasnetsov, discovered by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravlyova in 1978, is named after Viktor Vasnetsov and Apollinary Vasnetsov.
Gallery
See also
List of Russian artists
References
Sources
Apollinary Vasnetsov by Vasnetsova, Yekaterina & Schmidt, Igor (eds.), Izobrazitelnoye Iskusstvo, Moscow, 1980, (Russian/English), Book ID V 1121 31.
Great painters by Gordeeva M., "Direct media", Kyiv, 2011, (Russian)
Further reading
Short biography 1
Short biography 2
1856 births
1933 deaths
People from Zuyevsky District
People from Vyatsky Uyezd
19th-century painters from the Russian Empire
Soviet painters
Watercolorists
Peredvizhniki
Burials at Vvedenskoye Cemetery
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollinary%20Vasnetsov
|
Telegram (software)Wenbera is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Metekel Zone, it is bordered on the south and west by the Kamashi Zone, on the north by the Beles River which separates it from Guba and Dangur, and by Bulen on the east; the Abay River defines the boundary between Wenbera and the Kamashi Zone.
Towns in Wenbera include Debre Zeyit. The highest point in this woreda is Mount Minjo (2,435 meters), west of Debre Zeyit; other elevations include the Borema range, the Gum Gum mountains and the Sassie mountains in the northwest corner of the woreda. Rivers include the Naga, a south-flowing tributary of the Abay.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 60,000, of whom 29,196 were men and 30,804 were women; 5,476 or 9.13% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 70.77% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 16.84% of the population were Moslem, 7.88% practiced traditional beliefs, and 4.02% were Protestant.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 56,260, of whom 27,409 are men and 28,851 are women; 4,179 or 7.43% of the population are urban dwellers which are greater than the Zone average of 10.7%. With an estimated area of 7,134.53 square kilometers, Wenbera has a population density of 7.9 people per square kilometer which is lower than the Zone average of 8.57.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 41,686 in 8,050 households, of whom 20,411 were men and 21,275 were women; 2,429 or 5.83% of its population were urban. The five largest ethnic groups reported in Wenbera were the Shinasha (33.6%), the Oromo (33.4%), the Gumuz (27%), the Amhara (3.7%), and the Awi (1%) a subgroup of the Agaw; all other ethnic groups made up 1.3% of the population. Oromo is spoken as a first language by 40%, Gumuz by 27%, Boro by 5.1%, Amhara by 3.8%, and 0.7% spoke Berta; the remaining 23.4% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 71% of the population reporting they held that belief, while 15.4% were Muslim, and 11% observed traditional religions. Concerning education, 17.31% of the population were considered literate, which is less than the Zone average of 18.61%; 7.96% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school; 2.02% of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school; and 2.79% of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 8.7% of the urban houses and 4.3% of all houses had access to safe drinking water at the time of the census, while 39.3% of the urban and 6.3% of all houses had toilet facilities.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenbera
|
The International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) is an independent Paris-based non-governmental organization that was founded in Stockholm (Sweden) on August 16, 1960, by Dr. Theodore von Kármán. It received recognition from the United Nations in 1996.
Since its founding in 1960, the IAA has regularly convened experts in the field of astronautics for the following stated purposes:
Recognize the accomplishments of their peers
Explore and discuss cutting-edge issues in space research and technology
Provide direction and guidance in the non-military uses of space and the ongoing exploration of the solar system
Among the activities the academy is involved, there are:
Encourages international scientific cooperation through conferences, of which it conducts 30 a year, symposia and meetings in the areas of space sciences, space life sciences, space technology & system development, space systems operations & utilization, space policy, law & economy, space & society, culture & education
Publishes cosmic studies dealing with a wide variety of topics including space exploration, space debris, small satellites, space traffic management, natural disasters, climate change, etc.
Publishes the journal of the International Academy of Astronautics, Acta Astronautica.
Publishes dictionaries available in 24 languages
Offers book series on subjects such as small satellites, conference proceedings, remote sensing, and history.
IAA Mission
According to the Academy's mission statement, the fundamental purposes of the IAA, are to:
Foster the development of astronautics for peaceful purposes
Recognize individuals who have distinguished themselves in a branch of science or technology related to astronautics
Provide a program through which the membership can contribute to international endeavors
Promote international cooperation in the advancement of aerospace science.
Cooperation with International Organizations
The IAA has established cooperation with: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (since 1985), Austrian Academy of Sciences (since 1986), French Academy of Sciences (since 1988), English Royal Society (since 1988), Academy of Finland (since 1988), Indian Academy of Sciences (since 1990), Royal Spanish Academy of Sciences (since 1989), German Academy of Sciences (since 1990), Kingdom of Netherlands (since 1990), Academies of Arts, Humanities & Sciences of Canada also known as Royal Society of Canada (since 1991), U.S. National Academy of Sciences (since 1992), U.S. National Academy of Engineering (since 1992), Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities (since 1994), Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (since 1995), Chinese Academy of Sciences (since 1996), Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin (since 1997), Australian Academy of Science (since 1998), Australian Academy of Technological Science and Engineering (since 1998), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (since 1999), Brazilian Academy of Sciences (since 2000), U.S. Institute of Medicine (since 2002), Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (since 2010), Academy of Sciences of South Africa (since 2011), Royal Society of South Africa (since 2011) and Pontifical Academy of Sciences (since 2012).
IAA presidents
The Academy's first president was Theodore von Kármán. Edward C. Stone held the post of President of the International Academy of Astronautics until October 2009. G. Madhavan Nair, the chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, was president of the International Academy of Astronautics from August 2009 until 2015. He was the only Indian and the first non-American to head the IAA.
Journal
The IAA sponsors the monthly journal Acta Astronautica, published by Elsevier Press, which "covers developments in space science technology in relation to peaceful scientific exploration of space and its exploitation for human welfare and progress, the conception, design, development and operation of space-borne and Earth-based systems". In collaboration with the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) the IAA launched a review journal, REACH-Reviews in Human Space Exploration, in 2016 that focuses on aspects of human space exploration.
References
External links
IAA Acta Astronautica Journal
Space advocacy organizations
Organizations based in Stockholm
International academies
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Academy%20of%20Astronautics
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Rise Above: The Tribe 8 Documentary is a feature film about the all women queercore punk band Tribe 8 directed and produced by Tracy Flannigan.
Description
The film chronicles live performances, candid moments of their lives at work and on the road, and the controversy at the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival, an all women's music festival, that landed them in a quagmire of protest and praise from a fiercely divided crowd. It also captures the truly funny and warm people behind the music and the politics. Starting with their controversial gig at the 1994 Michigan Womyn's Music Festival, the film chronicles four years of the band.
The images presented on stage of blow jobs, sadomasochistic acts and mock castrations are not shocking the audience for shock's sake, for example Lynn Breedlove, the lead singer wore a strap-on didlo. Breedlove often got young men up from the audience to "service" her, this act was to break the taboo of straight male penetration. The documentary portrays on a deeper level through the band members' intense personal disclosures.
Cast
Tribe 8 Band Members:
Lynn Breedlove, Lead Singer
Silas 'Flipper' Howard, Guitar
Leslie Mah, Guitar
Keiron Lynn 'Tantrum', Bass Player
Slade, Drums
Mama T., Bass Player
Jen Schwartz, Drums
Reception
As Chuck Wilson writes in LA Weekly, "Filmmaker Tracy Flannigan gets it all in close-up, but also captures the rich and complex life stories of these women, whose lives take on political weight based on sheer authenticity". These interviews inform an understanding and respect for why they do what they do. Especially insightful are the interviews with singer Lynn Breedlove and her mother. This documentary concludes that it is the humor and physicality that lies within the controversial performance that gives these five individuals the peace to experience the rapture of being alive. Kevin Thomas, in the Los Angeles Times, says "their lyrics are confrontational and political, but also cathartic... exudes the sheer exhilaration of individuals who have learned how to live liberated, fulfilling lives."
Dennis Harvey's review for Variety states the film is "A suitably raw, wholly engaging documentary.... offers a unique perspective on the lesbian community’s own shift... to a more encompassing embrace of rebellious fringe elements".
Reece Pendleton of Chicago Reader noted it was "a routine documentary" and "only real drama dates to 1994", noting when a protest was held against the band.
Awards
The film has won many awards, including "Best Documentary" at Frameline Film Festival in San Francisco, "Audience Award" at the Hamburg Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, and the award for "Outstanding Emerging Talent" at OUTfest, the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Film Festival.
References
External links
Queercore films
2004 films
Riot grrrl films
Documentary films about feminism
Documentary films about punk music and musicians
2004 LGBT-related films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
American LGBT-related documentary films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise%20Above%3A%20The%20Tribe%208%20Documentary
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The 70th Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw service during both the First and Second World War and postwar.
First World War
The 70th Brigade was first raised in September 1914, shortly after the beginning of the First World War, as part of the 23rd Division. Consisting of men volunteering for Kitchener's Army, the brigade, after initially experiencing severe difficulties in training the men, due to a shortage of weapons and equipment, was sent to reinforce the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front in August 1915, later fighting, most notably, in the battles of the Somme, Messines and Passchendaele. The brigade remained there until late 1917 when it was sent to the Italian Front, remaining there until the end of the war. In June 1918 the brigade was awarded its only Victoria Cross (VC), belonging to Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Hudson of the Sherwood Foresters.
Order of battle
The 70th Brigade was constituted as follows during the war:
11th (Service) Battalion, Sherwood Foresters (until September 1918)
8th (Service) Battalion, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry
8th (Service) Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment
9th (Service) Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment
1/8th Battalion, Middlesex Regiment (from October 1915 until February 1916)
70th Machine Gun Company, Machine Gun Corps (formed July 1916, moved to 23rd Battalion, Machine Gun Corps 1 April 1918)
70th Trench Mortar Battery (formed 18 June 1916)
Second World War
The brigade, disbanded in March 1919, was reformed in 1939 in the Territorial Army (or TA, the British Army's part-time reserve component) as the 70th Infantry Brigade just before the end of the interwar period, originally as part of the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division, when the TA was ordered to be doubled in size, due to the increasing likelihood of another war in Europe, most likely with Germany. The brigade was formed as a second-line duplicate of the 151st Infantry Brigade and was composed of the 10th, 11th and 12th Battalions of the Durham Light Infantry (DLI), containing many former members of those battalions. The brigade, commanded by Brigadier P. Kirkup, who had commanded the 8th Battalion, DLI during the Great War, was transferred to the 23rd (Northumbrian) Division, the second-line duplicate of the 50th Division, on 2 October 1939, just under a month after the start of the Second World War. The 23rd Division was commanded by Major-General William Herbert and the 70th Brigade, together with the 69th Infantry Brigade, constituted the division.
The brigade, serving with the 23rd Division in Northern Command, was, despite being very poorly trained and equipped, ordered to join the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), then serving on the border between France and Belgium, as lines of communication (LoC) troops under GHQ BEF. The brigade (now with the 1st Battalion, Tyneside Scottish in place of the 12th DLI, which was redesignated on 1 January 1940) arrived in France on 25 April 1940. Together with the rest of the BEF, the brigade was, under a month after its arrival in France, involved in the Battle of France in May 1940 and the retreat to Dunkirk from where it took part in the Dunkirk evacuation.
After escaping from Dunkirk, the brigade, which had sustained some of the highest losses in the BEF (with each battalion totalling roughly 200 men), was serving in South East England under Southern Command, when the 23rd Division was disbanded in late June 1940 due to the heavy casualties it had suffered, with the 70th Brigade becoming an independent formation, with the title of 70th Independent Infantry Brigade, on 27 June 1940 and the 187th Field Ambulance, Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) under command. The brigade, reformed as a standard infantry brigade on 16 September, was sent to Iceland in October 1940 on garrison duties. The brigade remained there before being sent, in December 1941, to Scotland shortly after the United States entered the war. After serving in South Wales District and Western Command, the 70th Brigade was, on 18 May 1942, assigned to the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division. The 49th Division, another TA formation, and composed of the 146th and 147th Infantry Brigades and supporting divisional troops, had also been serving in Iceland, where they gained the nickname of "The Polar Bears". The division's General Officer Commanding (GOC) was Major-General Henry Curtis, but on 30 April 1943 he was replaced by Major-General Evelyn Barker, a distinguished veteran of the Great War.
The brigade, now commanded by Brigadier Percy Paulet King, together with the rest of the 49th Division, spent the remaining two years in the United Kingdom, training for offensive action. In January 1944 Brigadier E. C. Cooke-Collis, who had commanded the 69th Brigade (which, along with the 70th, had constituted the old 23rd Division and upon the 23rd's disbandment was sent to the 50th Division) previously, took command. The brigade landed in Normandy on 14 June, eight days after D-Day on 6 June, as part of Battle of Normandy (codenamed Operation Overlord) six days later.
During Operation Martlet, the preparatory attack for Operation Epsom that took place on 25 June 1944, the brigade was heavily engaged around the village of Rauray with elements from the 12th SS Panzer and 26th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiments of the 12th SS Panzer Division. The 70th Brigade then fought a bloody battle around Rauray as Kampfgruppe Weidinger of 2nd SS Panzer Division counterattacked between 29 June and 1 July. For this it was given the battle honour of 'The Odon'
Thereafter it fought south of Tilly-sur-Seulles, before following the 49th Division's initial drive during I Corps' drive to the River Seine in late August. On 19 August, however, the brigade was withdrawn from the front line and the following day all officers and warrant officers in the brigade was informed personally by Major-General "Bubbles" Barker, the division's GOC, that the 70th Brigade was to be disbanded to fill the increasing gap in available infantry replacements. General Sir Bernard Montgomery, commanding the 21st Army Group, arrived the day after, saying much the same. At this stage of the war, the British Army was suffering from a severe lack of available manpower, having used up nearly all of its manpower reserves. Most of the men were posted to battalions of the 50th (Northumbrian) and the 51st (Highland) Infantry Divisions. By 19 October 1944, the brigade officially ceased to exist. Its place in the 49th Division was taken by the 56th Infantry Brigade, previously an independent formation.
Order of battle
The 70th Infantry Brigade was constituted as follows during the war:
10th Battalion, Durham Light Infantry
11th Battalion, Durham Light Infantry
12th Battalion, Durham Light Infantry (until 31 December 1939)
1st Battalion, Tyneside Scottish, Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment)) (from 1 January 1940)During the period 27 June to 17 October 1940 the following additional unit was under command:
187th Field Ambulance, Royal Army Medical Corps
Commanders
The following officers commanded the 70th Brigade during the war:
Brigadier P. Kirkup (until 26 September 1941, again 22 October 1941 until 24 July 1942) Lieutenant-Colonel C.D. Marley (Acting, from 26 September until 22 October 1941) Brigadier P.P. King (from 24 July 1942 until 20 January 1944) Brigadier E.C. Cooke-Collis (from 20 January 1944)Post-War
During the Mau Mau uprising, East Africa Command controlled 39th Infantry Brigade, 49th Infantry Brigade, and 70th (East African) Infantry Brigade, 70 Brigade controlling the King's African Rifles battalions. Brigade headquarters was at Nyeri where the Brigade Signals Troop was also located. May have operated from 1953 onwards.
On independence over the December 1963-January 1964 period the brigade was disestablished by becoming the basis of 1 Brigade, Kenya Army.
References
Bibliography
Baverstock, Kevin. Breaking the Panzers: The Bloody Battle for Rauray. Sutton Publishing, 2002.
Delaforce, Patrick. The Polar Bears - Monty's Left Flank: From Normandy to the Relief of Holland with the 49th Division''. Sutton Publishing, 2003.
Casualties for 49th Division
Public Record Office, WO 171/653, Headquarters War Diary of 70th Infantry Brigade from January - July 1944
Infantry brigades of the British Army
Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War I
Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War II
Military units and formations established in the 1910s
Military history of Iceland during World War II
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/70th%20Infantry%20Brigade%20%28United%20Kingdom%29
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Panth (also panthan, meaning "path" in Sanskrit) is the term used for several religious traditions in India. A panth is founded by a guru or an acharya, and is often led by scholars or senior practitioners of the tradition.
List of prominent Panths
Some of the major panths in India are:
Khalsa Panth (Sikh)
Sahaj Panth (Buddhist and Hindu)
Kabir Panth (Part of the Sant Mat)
Dadu Panth (Part of the Sant Mat)
Tera Panth (Jain)
Digambara Terapanth
Śvētāmbara Terapanth
Taran Panth (Jain)
Nath Panth (Hindu)
Varkari Panth (Hindu)
Sat Panth (Sufi, Shia, Islamic)
Ravidas Panth (Independent religion)
Satnampanth
References
Kabir and the Kabir Panth by G. H. Wescott, South Asia Books; (July 1, 1986)
The Bijak of Kabir by Linda Hess and Shukdev Singh, Oxford University Press, 2002
One Hundred Poems of Kabir: Translated by Rabindranath Tagore. Assisted by Evelin Underhill, Adamant Media Corporation, 2005
Crossing the Threshold: Understanding Religious Identities in South Asia by Dominique Sila-Khan, I. B. Tauris in Association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies; (November 4, 2004)
References
Indian religions
Sanskrit words and phrases
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panth
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John Roland Kinzer (March 28, 1874 – July 25, 1955) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
Biography
J. Roland Kinzer was born on a farm near Terre Hill, Pennsylvania in East Earl Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania He graduated from Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1896. He served as county solicitor of Lancaster County from 1912 to 1923, and as a delegate to the 1928 Republican National Convention. He was elected as a Republican to the seventy-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William W. Griest. He was reelected to the seventy-second Congress and to the seven succeeding Congresses. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1946.
Sources
External links
1874 births
1955 deaths
American Lutherans
Politicians from Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Franklin & Marshall College alumni
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
20th-century American politicians
Burials at Woodward Hill Cemetery
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20Roland%20Kinzer
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Whispering Nickel Idols is a fantasy novel by American writer Glen Cook, the eleventh book in his ongoing Garrett P.I. series. The series combines elements of mystery and fantasy as it follows the adventures of private investigator Garrett.
Plot introduction
Garrett is a hardboiled detective living in the city of TunFaire, a melting pot of different races, cultures, religions, and species. When people have problems, they often come to Garrett for help, but trouble has a way of finding Garrett on its own, whether he likes it or not.
Plot summary
Things seemed to be going pretty well for Garrett one morning until he finds a strange kid named Penny Dreadful hanging around his house, gets summoned to a meeting by Harvester Temisk, Chodo Contague's lawyer, and nearly has his door knocked down by an ugly thug wearing green plaid pants. Garrett meets with Temisk, who fears there are unnatural events occurring associated with Chodo Contague, who may not be as paralyzed as he appears. Garrett agrees to look into the matter that evening, at a birthday party being held by Belinda Contague for her father.
At the party, when Chodo is introduced to the guests, a number of people mysteriously burst into flames, and in the confusion that follows, Belinda and Chodo somehow get separated. The whole mess seems to have some connection with the Ugly Pants Gang, who continues to harass Garrett at his home and on the streets. In addition, Garrett is getting more attention than he likes from subordinate underworld bosses who suspect that Garrett knows where Chodo Contague is hiding. Garrett can only escape the warring mafia factions for so long, and eventually he is captured, poisoned, and blackmailed by one aspiring leader named Teacher White.
With the help of his friends and the psychic powers of the Dead Man, Garrett survives the worst of the ordeal. While he rests and recuperates at home, the Dead Man organizes efforts geared towards unraveling the mysteries of the Green Pants Gang, the criminal factions, and the spontaneous combustions. Compiling the efforts of Garrett's many friends, the Dead Man deduces that the Green Pants Gang is actually a religious faction from outside of TunFaire, and Chodo Contague had at one point worked with the gang to help him rise to the top of the Outfit.
With some clues from the Dead Man, Garrett, Morley, and company track down and capture Harvester Temisk, who had been hiding out with Chodo Contague. More clever deductive reasoning by the Dead Man reveals a few final plot twists: Penny Dreadful is in fact Chodo Contague's daughter, Chodo was partially responsible for the previously unexplainable spontaneous combustions, and the Green Pants Gang actually knows the secret to drawing dark emotions out from within the body. With the help of Garrett and the Dead Man, Chodo's condition improves, so that he is no longer completely physically and mentally impaired.
As a finale, Morley Dotes drops by Garrett's house, with none other than Mr. Big, Garrett's much-despised parrot which had gone missing for some time, perched on his shoulder.
Characters
Garrett
The Dead Man
Dean
Penny Dreadful
Harvester Temisk
Saucerhead Tharpe
Pular Singe
Morley Dotes
Belinda Contague
Playmate
John Stretch
Chodo Contague
Colonel Westman Block
Deal Relway
Winger
Tinnie Tate
Garrett P.I.
2005 American novels
American fantasy novels
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whispering%20Nickel%20Idols
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Tracy Flannigan is an independent filmmaker residing in the Echo Park area of Los Angeles who began making movies when she was seventeen years old. She has created numerous short films and music videos. Her work has been screened at many film festivals throughout the United States including South by Southwest and Seattle International.
Flannigan's feature-length screenplay, The Late Great W.J., won a fellowship at the Squaw Valley Community of Writers.
Rise Above: A Tribe 8 Documentary marked Flannigan's documentary feature debut. The film was made over a five-year period in which Flannigan dedicated herself to capturing the lives and performances of the all women queercore band, Tribe 8. Rise Above has screened internationally and won the Jury Award for Best Documentary at Frameline, the San Francisco Gay and Lesbian Film Festival and earned Flannigan the Kodak Emerging Talent Award at Outfest, the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Film Festival.
In addition to her directing and producing, she worked as an editor on documentary series and features for HBO and Netflix. She had the opportunity to contribute editing of scenes to Moonage Daydream (film).
Tracy worked closely with Brett Morgen on “Moonage Daydream (film)” as Co-Producer (2022.) The film is a feature-length experiential cinematic odyssey that explores David Bowie's creative, musical and spiritual journey. They also worked together on “Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck” (2015)”.
References
American documentary film directors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women
American women documentary filmmakers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracy%20Flannigan
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Mandura is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Metekel Zone, it is bordered by Dangur in the north and northwest, by Pawe special woreda in the northeast, by Amhara Region in the east, by Dibate in the south, and by Bulen in the southwest. Towns in Mandura include Genete Mariam.
Originally Mandura and Dibate were subunits of Guangua woreda, which was part of the Metekel awraja; in the 1960s these two subunits were split off to form separate woredas in order to strengthen government control over the local Gumuz people. Remaining parts of Guangua was transferred to Amhara when that region was organized in the 1992.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 40,746, of whom 21,241 were men and 19,505 were women; 7,518 or 18.45% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants practiced traditional beliefs, with 47.76% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 39.26% of the population said they practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 7.59% were Moslem.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 30,536, of whom 15,762 are men and 14,774 are women; 2,492 or 8.16% of the population are urban dwellers which is greater than the Zone average of 10.7%. With an estimated area of 1,003.76 square kilometers, Mandura has a population density of 30.4 people per square kilometer which is greater than the Zone average of 8.57.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 22,593 in 4,928 households, of whom 11,727 were men and 10,866 were women; 1,448 or 6.41% of its population were urban inhabitants. The four largest ethnic groups reported in Mandura were the Gumuz (87%), the Awi (8.9%) a subgroup of the Agaw, the Amhara (3.9%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.2% of the population. Gumuz is spoken as a first language by 87%, 8.4% speak Awngi, and 4.6% speak Amhara. The majority of the inhabitants practiced traditional religions, with 72.5% of the population reporting beliefs classified under that category, while 24.5% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity. Concerning education, 5.97% of the population were considered literate, which is less than the Zone average of 18.61%; 7.26% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school; 1.74% of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school; and a negligible number of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 82.6% of the urban houses and 7.7% of all houses had access to safe drinking water at the time of the census, while 38.4% of the urban and 7.6% of all houses had toilet facilities.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandura
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Frank Hawley (born 1954 in London, Ontario, Canada) is a two-time World champion drag racing driver.
He won seven National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) Top Fuel Funny Car and two Top Fuel Dragster national events during his 10-year drag racing career that included the 1982 and 1983 NHRA Funny Car World Championship. He was voted Car Craft magazine's "Driver of the year."
Frank Hawley also served as a television sports commentator for ABC, TNN, and ESPN and authored two books on the sport of drag racing. Inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame in 1995, on the National Hot Rod Association Top 50 Drivers, 1951–2000, Hawley was ranked No.43.
In 1985 he founded the world's first school for drag race driver's training - Frank Hawley's Drag Racing School. With Hawley as the lead instructor, the school offers classes all across the United States where drivers can earn their NHRA Competition License. Some of the classes offered include Super Comp, Super Gas, Top Dragster, Top Sportsman, Top Alcohol Dragster, Top Alcohol Funny Car, Pro Stock Bike as well as courses for those to license and train with Hawley in their own car.
Notes
External links
Frank Hawley's NHRA Drag Racing School
References
Hawley, Frank. Drag Racing : Drive To Win. (1989 - Motorbooks International
Hawley, Frank. Drag Racing : How To Get Started. (1993 - Motorbooks International)
Dragster drivers
Racing drivers from Ontario
Canadian sports announcers
Sportspeople from London, Ontario
1954 births
Living people
Canadian racing drivers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Hawley
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Whiteson is an unincorporated community in Yamhill County, Oregon, United States. Oregon Geographic Names states that Whiteson is named for either for Henry White, who laid out the town site and gave the railroad right-of-way, or for William White. It is possible they are members of the same family. Whiteson post office was established in 1890. Whiteson is an agricultural community lacking either Oregon hamlet or village classification, and relies on the neighboring communities of McMinnville and Amity for basic services such as fire, health, and education. The Yamhill County Sheriff has primary police jurisdiction over Whiteson.
Geography
Whiteson is located 3 miles south of McMinnville, on Oregon Route 99W, near Whiteson Dip Bridge.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Whiteson has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Education
Whiteson School District 78 was established in 1892, and the first one-room schoolhouse was finished in the March 1893. In 1903 the decision was made to create an addition to the Whiteson school, making it a two-room school. 1936 was the last year school was taught here, before the district finally consolidated with Amity School District 4, in 1942.
Rail transport
Whiteson railway station is the railway station, where the Dayton, Sheridan and Grande Ronde Railroad crossed the west side line of the Oregon and California Railroad.
Whiteson was formerly a notable station along the Red Electric interurban network. Initial service extended from Portland to Whiteson, but eventually reached Corvallis in 1917. By 1920, the schedule had four daily trains through from Portland to Corvallis in each direction and two more that ran as far as Whiteson.
References
Unincorporated communities in Yamhill County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiteson%2C%20Oregon
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Manuel Álvarez-Beigbeder Pérez (born 21 February 1932), better known as Manuel Alejandro, is a Spanish composer of Latin love songs, which are better known as ballads. He has written, composed, and arranged songs for the likes of Luis Miguel, Plácido Domingo, Nino Bravo, Julio Iglesias, Raphael, Hernaldo Zúñiga, José José, José Luis Rodríguez, Emmanuel, Enrique Guzmán, Isabel Pantoja, Rocío Jurado, Rudy Marquez, and Jeanette, among many others.
Biography
Manuel Alejandro was born in 1932 in Jerez de la Frontera–Cádiz. He is the son of one of Spain's most renowned contemporary symphonists, Germán Álvarez Beigbeder. It was his father, an accomplished musician, professor, and composer, who inspired Manuel Alejandro to pursue music and become a composer.
Musical career
Hits of the 60s
He started writing songs for Spanish singer Raphael during the 1960s. Many of those songs are now considered classics. The list includes such hits as:
"Yo Soy Aquél"
"Primavera en Otoño"
"Desde Aquel Día"
"Cuando Tu No Estas"
"Cierro Mis Ojos"
"Hablemos Del Amor"
"Amor Mio"
"Digan Lo Que Digan"
"Estar Enamorado"
"Como Yo Te Amo"
Hits of the 1970s and '80s
He continued writing a few songs during the 1970s, but reached his peak in the early 1980s with the release of consecutive albums with songs performed by different international artists. A whole generation grew up listening to songs written by him, although not many knew he was the man behind those hits.
His repertoire of more than 500 songs includes:
"Chabuca Limeña" by Raphael (tribute to Peruvian singer Chabuca Granda)
"En Carne Viva", by Raphael
"Que Sabe Nadie", by Raphael
"Enamorado De La Vida", by Raphael
"Provocación", by Raphael
"Andando de tu Mano", by Enrique Guzmán & Hilda Aguirre
"Lo Dudo", by José José
"He Renunciado A Ti", by José José
"Amar Y Querer", by José José
"Lagrimas" by José José
"Procuro Olvidarte", by Hernaldo Zúñiga
"Insoportablemente Bella", by Emmanuel
"Ven Con El Alma Desnuda", by Emmanuel
"Este Amor Es Un Sueño De Locos", by José Luis Rodríguez "El Puma"
"Dueño De Nada", by José Luis Rodríguez "El Puma"
"Voy a Perder la Cabeza Por tu Amor", by José Luis Rodríguez "El Puma"
"Todo Se Derrumbó", by Emmanuel
"Quiero Dormir Cansado", by Emmanuel
"Pobre Diablo", by Emmanuel
"Soy Rebelde", by Jeanette & Iris Chacón
"Corazón de poeta", by Jeanette
"Frente a frente", by Jeanette
"Ese Hombre", by Rocío Jurado
"Señora", by Rocío Jurado
"Lo Siento Mi Amor", by Rocío Jurado
"Ayúdame A Pasar La Noche", by Angélica María
"Manuela", by Julio Iglesias
"Un Hombre Solo" by Julio Iglesias
"Lo Mejor de Tu Vida" by Julio Iglesias
Hits of the 00s
"Al Que Me Siga", by Luis Miguel
"Si Te Perdiera", by Luis Miguel
"Si Tú Te Atreves", by Luis Miguel
"Te Desean", by Luis Miguel
Personal life
He has seven children: Javier, Carlos and Patricia with his first wife and Sandra, Beatriz, Marian and Viviana with his second wife.
References
External links
«Manuel Alejandro Official Youtube Channel», Manuel Alejandro Official YouTube Channel.
Spanish composers
Spanish male composers
Eurovision Song Contest conductors
1933 births
Living people
People from Jerez de la Frontera
Musicians from Andalusia
Latin music songwriters
21st-century conductors (music)
21st-century male musicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Alejandro
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The Holmes' Marine Life Protection Association was a United Kingdom company set up in the 19th century to produce marine signal lights and foghorns. It was founded by Nathaniel John Holmes, a telegraph engineer from Middlesex; and it passed to his son Joseph R. Holmes. The company was taken over by Albright and Wilson in 1919.
Holmes' patents
In 1875 Holmes obtained a British Patent for a marine audible alarm signal (B.P. 2564 of 1875); and in 1877 he bought, for £80 Pound Sterling, a half-share of John Grey's Patent (B.P. 2564 of 1868) for Improvements in fog alarms.
In 1876 he obtained, with J.H. Player as co-applicant, a provisional application for Improvements in self-igniting and inextinguishable signal lights for marine and other purposes; it became British Patent 4215 of 1876.
Further patents were taken out by Holmes in 1885 and 1887; and his company up to 1906.
Marine markers and signals
In July 1873 he demonstrated his Patent Signal Light to the Liverpool shipping company P and W Maclellan and was awarded a Certificate of Merit. It was based on the use of Calcium phosphide; which they initially made themselves at Feltham, Middlesex, before moving to Barking. Up to the end of World War I the Holmes' Marine Life Protection Association sold lifebuoy lights and distress lights; and sales increased dramatically during the war.
The provision of Lifebuoy lights was mandatory for British seagoing vessels under Board of Trade Regulations. Holmes' lights were sold under various Trade names: The Handyman's Light for lifebuoys; the Manwell-Holmes Marine Light distress light for merchant vessels; and a modified Handyman Light for lifebuoys for the Admiralty. They also produced a distress signal, the Deck Flare.
They were all charged with calcium carbide, it produced acetylene gas when water was dripped onto it. They also included a small quantity of calcium phosphide, which in contact with water produced impure phosphine, it spontaneously ignited, thereby igniting the acetylene.
The Handyman lifebuoy light had a buoyancy chamber filled with air to keep it afloat. It was attached to the lifebuoy with a long cord, and to the boat with a shorter cord. When the lifebuoy was thrown overboard, the short cord pulled away two plugs, one to let sea water in and one to let gas out. For the mast-head distress signal light and the Deck Flare the two plugs were removed by hand and the units placed in a bucket of water.
See also
Albright and Wilson
Calcium carbide
Calcium phosphide
Foghorn
Lifebuoy
References
Sources
Threlfall, Richard E., (1951). The Story of 100 Years of Phosphorus Making: 1851 - 1951. Oldbury: Albright and Wilson Ltd.
Chemical companies of the United Kingdom
Safety equipment
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmes%27%20Marine%20Life%20Protection%20Association
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Ustani, bane (lit. Rise, ban) is a Croatian patriotic song. It was written at the turn of the 20th century by Ognjeslav Utješinović Ostrožinski.
Lyrics
References
Croatian patriotic songs
Year of song unknown
Songwriter unknown
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustani%2C%20bane
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Yaso is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia. Part of the Kamashi Zone, Yaso is bordered by the Abay River on the north which separates it from the Metekel Zone and the Amhara Region, by the Oromia Region in the southeast, by the Hanger River on the south which separates it from Belo Jegonfoy, and by the Didessa River on the west which separates it from Kamashi and Agalo Mite.
On 24 July 2009, the Ethiopian Roads Authority announced that they had completed a gravel road 72 kilometers in length between Kamashi and Yaso woredas at a cost of 149 Birr.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 12,747, of whom 6,463 were men and 6,284 were women; 1,417 or 11.12% of its population were urban dwellers. A plurality of the inhabitants said they were Protestant, with 44.72% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 31.34% of the population practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 21.97% practiced traditional beliefs.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 10,308, of whom 5,155 are men and 5,153 are women. With an estimated area of 2,789.07 square kilometers, Yaso has a population density of 3.7 people per square kilometer which is less than the Zone average of 7.61. Information is lacking on the towns of this woreda.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 7,771 in 1,655 households, of whom 3,904 were men and 3,867 were females; no urban inhabitants were reported. The two largest ethnic groups reported in Yaso were the Gumuz (86.2%), and the Oromo (13.6%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.2% of the population. Gumuz is spoken as a first language by 86.5%, and Oromiffa by 13.3%; the remaining 0.2% spoke all other primary languages reported. The largest group of inhabitants followed traditional religions, with 48.3% of the population reporting beliefs reported under that category, while 29.3% embraced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity. Concerning education, 11.03% of the population were considered literate, which is about the same as the Zone average of 11.36%; 13.22% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school, a negligible number of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school, and 0.61% of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 6.6% of all houses had access to safe drinking water, and 2.7% had toilet facilities at the time of the census.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaso
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The Yurok (Karuk language: Yurúkvaarar / Yuru Kyara - "downriver Indian; i.e. Yurok Indian") are an Indigenous people from along the Klamath River and Pacific coast, whose homelands are located in present-day California stretching from Trinidad in the south to Crescent City in the north.
The Yurok live on the Yurok Indian Reservation, Resighini Rancheria, and surrounding communities in Humboldt, Del Norte and Trinity counties. Although the reservation comprises some of contiguous land along the Klamath River, only about of scattered plots are under partial tribal ownership. Most Yurok land is owned by timber corporations or is part of national parks and forests. This forest management has significantly dis-empowered the Yurok people and disrupted their ability to access natural resources, land, and practice Indigenous lifeways.
Etymology
The Yurok refer to themselves as 'Oohl ("person") or 'O'loolekweesh 'o'l / 'Oolekwoh (lit. "'o'loolekw [= "village"] dwellers"). Ner'ernerh / Nert'ernerh ("Coast people, i.e. Coast Yurok") refers to Yurok on the coast and Hehlkeeklaa ("Klamath River people, i.e. Klamath River Yurok") refers to Yurok who live along the Klamath River. Pueleeklaa / Pueleekla' or Puelekuekla' / Puelekueklaa' ("down river/downstream people, i.e. River Yurok") is used to distinguish themselves from the upriver (Klamath River) living Karuk (Pecheeklaa / Pecheekla = "up river/upstream people, i.e. Karuk people"). Saa'agoch' / Saa'agochehl ("Yurok language") is one of two Algic languages spoken in California, the other being Wiyot (therefore they are culturally similar to the Wiyot people) and is currently undergoing a successful revitalization effort.
History
Traditionally, the Yurok lived in permanent villages along the Klamath River. Therefore they were also called by neighboring Athabascan-speaking tribes as Taa-che'-dvn-dv-ne (Upper Coquille-Tututni) ("Klamath River mouth People") or Dvn-mvsh-taa-'vn'-dv-ne (Euchre Creek Tututni) and Dvtlh-mvsh Xee-she'n (Chetco-Tolowa), both meaning "Klamath River People." Some of their villages date back to the 14th century.
The Yurok's first contact with non-Natives occurred when Spanish explorers entered their territory in 1775. Fur traders and trappers from the Hudson's Bay Company came in 1827. Following encounters with white settlers moving into their aboriginal lands during a gold rush in 1850, the Yurok were faced with disease and massacres that reduced their population by 75%. In 1855, following the Klamath and Salmon River War, the Lower Klamath River Indian Reservation was created by executive order. The reservation boundaries included a portion of the Yurok's territory and some Yurok villages.
Contemporary
Fishing, hunting, and gathering remain important to tribal members. Basket weaving and woodcarving are important arts. A traditional hamlet of wooden plank buildings, called Sumeg, was built in 1990. The Jump Dance and Brush Dance remain part of tribal ceremonies. The tribes involvement in condor reintroduction, along with traditional burning, environmental restoration, wildfire preparedness, the drought, and juvenile fish kill, was discussed with Governor Gavin Newsom when he visited in June 2021.
The tribe owns and operates a casino, river jet boat tours and other tourist attractions.
Language
Yurok or Saa'agoch' / Saa'agochehl ("Yurok language") is one of two Algic languages spoken in California, the other being Wiyot. Between twenty and one hundred people speak the Yurok language today. The language is passed on through master-apprentice teams and through singing. Language classes have been offered through Humboldt State University and through annual language immersion camps.
An unusual feature of the language is that certain nouns change depending upon whether there is one, two, or three of the object. For instance, one human being would be ko:ra''' or ko'r, two human beings would be ni'iyel, and three human beings would be nahkseyt.
Culture
Food culture
They fished for salmon along rivers, gathered ocean fish and shellfish, hunted game, and gathered plants. Yurok ate varied berries and meats, but whale meat was prized above others. Yuroks did not hunt whales, instead, they waited until a drift whale washed up onto the beach or place near the water and dried the flesh. Salmon is another vital source of food.
Material culture
The major currency of the Yurok nations was the dentalium shell (terkwterm). Alfred L. Kroeber wrote of the Yurok perception of the shell: "Since the direction of these sources is 'downstream' to them, they speak in their traditions of the shells living at the downstream and upstream ends of the world, where strange but enviable peoples live who suck the flesh of univalves."
Condor and forest restoration
California condors are understood as beings of great spiritual power by the Indigenous people in the Pacific Northwest and California. Yurok, Wiyot, and other tribes use the shed feathers in ceremonies to treat the sick. The Yurok Tribe Northern California Condor Restoration Program is working with the local Redwood National and State Parks to restore the California condor to the area where they were last spotted around 1892. The Bald Hills are part of the Yurok Tribal lands. Due to the cultural and ecological importance of the condor, the tribe began a program in 2008 to reintroduce the condor. While based on the latest scientific protocols, Yurok Traditional Ecological Knowledge provided by the tribal elders informs the restoration program. In preparation, they have tested local wildlife for organochlorine pesticides such as DDT and for exposure to lead. They built a re-introduction and handling facility and received a clear Environment Impact Statement. An adult condor was brought in to mentor four juvenile birds who would be released. An adult not only serves as a role model but also enforces the social hierarchy that is crucial to the survival of a flock. Two condors were released in May 2022 from a pen in Redwood National Park. A third juvenile was released a few weeks later with the fourth being allowed outside the release pen in July. Each bird must leave the program area voluntarily after entering and exiting a staging pen with the birds being monitored for their safety by researchers who remain hidden in a repurposed shipping container. The staggered releases allow the social draw of still-captive condors to keep the freed birds nearby so the team can observe the birds, who are outfitted with GPS transmitters. By mid-November, a total of eight birds had been released.
In 1995, researchers observed that "control of reservation and allotment [of] natural resources has been withheld from them [Yurok people] under the auspices of scientific forest management." Managing the reservation for the benefit of the timber industry or a "fine stand of timber" prevented Yurok modes of subsistence. As such the researchers note that Yurok were divested from their forest resources for the following reasons: "by straightforward expropriation of their lands, as Yurok property rights were ignored and access to gathering sites was cut off; and through ecological change brought about by a shift in management regimes."
Forest management impacts forests on Yurok lands, since the environment is interconnected despite political boundaries. In United States forestry programs, Indigenous peoples are only given the right to "alienate the land but not to manage the vegetation." In the case of the Yurok, "vegetation management and Yurok culture and economy are closely linked" and as a result "the increasing unsuitability of the changed forest for Yurok subsistence helped push the Yurok to sell their land." The Yurok Fisheries Department works at reviving the streams and the runs of salmon and steelhead trout. Reforesting by tribal members helps to stabilize the banks of the waterways and reduce the sediment load.
Sacred artifact repatriation
In 2010, 217 sacred artifacts were returned to the Yurok tribe by the Smithsonian Institution. The condor feathers, headdresses and deerskins had been part of the Smithsonian's collection for almost 100 years and represent one of the largest Native American repatriations. The regalia will be used in Yurok ceremonies and on display at the tribe's cultural center.
Society
Villages
Yurok Villages ('o'loolekw - "village") were composed of individual families that lived in separate, single-family homes. The house was owned by the eldest male and in each lived several generations of men related on their father's side of the family as well as their wives, children, daughters’ husbands, unmarried relatives, and adopted kin. Yurok villages also consisted of sweat houses and menstrual huts. Sweat houses were designated for men of an extended patrilineal family as a place to gather. While during their menstruation cycles, women stayed in separate under-ground huts for ten days. Additionally, inheritance of land was predominantly patrilineal. The majority of the estate was passed down to the fathers’ sons. Daughters and male relatives were also expected to acquire a portion of the estate.
Social organization
Yurok society had no chiefs, but in each village, a wealthy man known as a peyerk acted as leader, who was trained by elders. The peyerk's training would include a vision quest in which he would communicate with the natural environment and the spirit world. Peyerk from many villages came together to settle tribal disputes and also hosted tribal ceremonies. At these times, the peyerk would supply food and shelter for the Yurok people and special clothing for the dancers. Peyerk lived in homes at higher elevation, wore finer clothing, and sometimes spoke foreign languages.
Yurok medicine people were usually women. Women would become shamans after dreaming of being told to do so. Another shaman would then assist her in a ritual dance. Shamans would use plants, prayer, and rituals to heal people and also performed ceremonies to ensure successful hunting, fishing, and gathering.
Every year the Yurok came together for what was known as the World Renewal Ceremony, where songs and dances which had been passed on through many generations would be performed. Dancers would wear elaborate clothing for the occasion.
Some sources refer to it Yurok society as socially stratified because communities were divided between syahhlew ("rich"), wa's'oyowok' / wa'soyowok' ("poor"), and ka'aal ("slaves"). The syahhlew were the only group allowed to perform religious duties. Furthermore, they had homes at higher elevations, wore nicer clothing, and spoke in a distinctive manner. The primary reason men became slaves was because they owed money to certain families. Nonetheless, slavery was not considered to be a significant institution. Overall, the higher a man's social ranking was, the more valuable his life was considered.
Marriage
When daughters got married, Yurok families would receive a payment from her husband. For the most part, girls were highly valued in the family. The amount of money paid by a man determined the social status of the couple. A wealthy man, who could afford to pay a large sum, increased the couple and their children's rank within the community. When married, both spouses held onto their personal properties but the bride lived with the groom's family and took his last name. Men who were unable to pay the full sum of money could pay half the cost for the bride. In doing so, the couple was considered “half-married.” Half-married couples lived with the bride's family and the groom would then become a slave for them. Furthermore, their children would take on the mother's last name. In cases of divorce, either spouse could initiate their split. The most frequent reason for divorce was if the wife was infertile. If the woman wanted a divorce and to take the children with her, her family had to refund the husband for his initial payment.
Demographics
Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. Alfred L. Kroeber put the 1770 population of the Yurok at 2500. Sherburne F. Cook initially agreed, but later raised this estimate to 3100.
By 1870, the Yurok population had declined to 1350. By 1910 it was reported as 668 or 700.
The 2000 United States Census indicates that there were 4413 Yurok living in California, combining those of one tribal descent and those with ancestors of several different tribes and groups. There were 5,793 Yurok living throughout the United States. The Yurok Indian Reservation is California's largest tribe, with 6357 members as of 2019.
On November 24, 1993, the Yurok Tribe adopted a constitution that details the jurisdiction and territory of their lands. Under the Hoopa-Yurok Settlement Act of 1988, Pub. L. 100-580, qualified applicants had the option of enrolling in the Yurok Tribe. Of the 3,685 qualified applicants for the Settlement Roll, 2,955 people chose Yurok membership. 227 of those members had a mailing address on the Yurok reservation, but a majority lived within 50 miles of the reservation. The Yurok Tribe is currently the largest group of Native Americans in the state of California, with 6357 enrolled members living in or around the reservation. The Yurok reservation of 63,035 acres (25,509 ha) has an 80% poverty rate and 70% of the inhabitants do not have telephone service or electricity, according to the tribe's Web page.
Notable people
Rick Bartow (1946–2016), painter, printmaker, and sculptor
Archie Thompson (1919–2013), elder who helped revitalize the Yurok language
Lucy Thompson (1856–1932), first indigenous Californian woman to be published
See also
Yurok traditional narratives
Notes
References
Cook, Sherburne F. 1956. "The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California". Anthropological Records 16:81-130. University of California, Berkeley.
Cook, Sherburne F. 1976. The Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Kroeber, A. L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.
Kroeber, A. L. 1976. Yurok Myths. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Hinton, Leanne. Flutes of Fire: Essays on California Indian Languages. Berkeley: Heyday Books, 1994. .
Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. .
External links
Yurok Tribe of the Yurok Reservation
Native American tribes in California
History of Del Norte County, California
Native Americans in Del Norte County, California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurok
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Ford Park is a 221-acre multi-purpose entertainment complex consisting of an arena, exhibit hall, amphitheater, midway, and 12 youth baseball fields located on I-10 South in Beaumont, Texas. The complex opened in 2003. It is owned by Jefferson County, Texas and operated by OVG360, a division of the Oak View Group. It is the home of the South Texas State Fair.
In 2020, Jefferson County began negotiations to sell Ford Park to Renaissance Development Group, which would add a hotel and a horse-racing track to the complex. The deal fell through in 2022 after Renaissance failed to put additional earnest money towards the $22 million sale price.
The Southeast Texas Ford Dealers have held the naming rights to the complex since 2003, a deal which will expire at the end of 2022.
Facilities
Ford Arena seats 9,737 people. The arena hosts concerts, rodeos, circuses, motorsports, ice shows and many other special events. It was also the former home to several professional teams including the Oxford City FC of Texas (formerly the Texas Strikers) of the Major Arena Soccer League, the Southeast Texas Mavericks ABA franchise, Beaumont Drillers of the NIFL, and the Texas Wildcatters of the ECHL, and the Beaumont Panthers of The Basketball League.
Ford Exhibit Hall is a multi-purpose hall for exhibits, trade shows, and more. It has of space. The hall includes a 48,000 sq ft dedicated exhibit floor, an 11,000 sq ft lobby/pre-convention space, 8 meeting rooms, 6 loading bays, concession stands, and restrooms.
Ford Fields are 12 youth softball/baseball fields. The infields are all-weather synthetic turf. Each field has covered seating with protective netting. Also included are 1,000 onsite parking spots, concession stands, and restrooms.
Ford Midway is a midway for fairs, carnivals, and other large outdoor events. The midway includes two free-span livestock show barns.
Ford Pavilion is an outdoor amphitheater, seats 14,000 people. The pavilion includes 2 star dressing rooms, 2 supporting act dressing rooms, 3 production offices, 7 loading bays, a catering/crew room, parking, restrooms, and concessions.
See also
Beaumont Civic Center
Fair Park Coliseum
Ford Arena
List of contemporary amphitheatres
Montagne Center
References
External links
Official website
Convention centers in Texas
Indoor arenas in Texas
Indoor ice hockey venues in the United States
Sports venues in Beaumont, Texas
Tourist attractions in Beaumont, Texas
Softball
2003 establishments in Texas
Sports venues completed in 2003
Fairgrounds in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford%20Park
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is a Japanese action role-playing game developed by Alfa System and published by Bandai Namco Games. It is part of the Tales series of video games, more specifically a part of the Tales of the World spin-off series, which heavily emphasizes the crossover appearances of characters from past games in the series. The game was released in 2006 in Asia; July 2007 in North America; and September 2007 in Australia and Europe. The game saw two sequels, Radiant Mythology 2 and Radiant Mythology 3, though neither were released outside Japan, leaving it as the only Tales of the World entry to be translated into English.
Gameplay
The gameplay resembles that of a massively multiplayer online role-playing game dungeon crawler, but without the online component. Unlike games in the mainline series of Tales games, the player creates their own, customizable player, both in statistics and physical appearance. The players must accept quests at the local guild office from a selection of five different choices at a time. Quests include defeating certain monster types, mining or harvesting certain raw ingredients, or crafting certain goods. Upon completion of quests, the player is rewarded with money and "Fame" points. Money is used to upgrade weapons and equipment, making players more powerful, while "Fame" is used to progress the game's story. Additionally, the more "Fame" the player has, the more characters are available to be recruited, some of which are cross-over characters originating from prior games in the Tales series, namely Tales of Phantasia, Tales of Destiny, Tales of Eternia, Tales of Symphonia, Tales of Legendia, Tales of Rebirth, and Tales of the Abyss.
Beyond just creating the new, main character, the player is able to continually customize both statistics and physical appearances with the equipment collected throughout the game. Additionally, the game's crafting system allows the player to further customize their equipment by combining multiple items into one new item.
Upon completing the game at least once, two additional difficulty levels are unlocked, "Hard and "Very Hard" on top of the original default "Normal" level. Players can then restart the game with all their levels, in-game currency and items (except quest items) intact, and can switch difficulty levels at any point during the new game, as long as they are outside the explorable dungeons.
Characters will also learn Artes through leveling up which can be chained (basic to master to arcane) and by mastering these Artes will unlock the specific class's Mystic Artes/Hi-Ougi which can unleash a great deal of damage.
The player will also obtain Magic Map drops from random monsters during the course of the game. Magic Maps will open an "Ex" version of a specific dungeon and contain rare items and stronger enemies. Also, some quests trigger an event for the Radiant Quest which if completed will grant the player very powerful equipment for their specific class.
Job classes
Warrior — Starter Class. Excels in melee attacks, and can equip powerful axes as well as swords.
Thief — Starter Class. A professional in quick attacks and stealing, like Rutee Katrea or Ange Serena.
Priest — Starter Class. A healer that uses light and healing magic.
Mage — Starter Class. A magician that uses offensive magic to smite foes, like Genis Sage or Arche Klein.
Swordsman — Elite Class. Uses sword-based artes used by many other Tales characters, like Cress Albane, or Luke fon Fabre.
Fighter — Elite Class. Their most powerful weapon is their body. Like Senel Coolidge or Farah, they attack with their arms and legs rather than with weapons.
Ninja — Elite Class. Assassin who specializes in stealthy strikes. Similar to Sheena Fujibayashi.
Magic Knight — Elite Class. A warrior who masters physical and magical Artes. Similar to the likes of Zelos Wilder, Kratos Aurion, Norma Beatty or Will Raynard.
Bishop — Elite Class. An elite magician who masters offensive and healing magic. Similar to Mint Adenade, or Raine Sage.
Hunter — Elite Class. Marksmen who snipe enemies with the bow. Similar to Chester Barklight.
Non-playable
Lancer - Elite Class. Only Eugene is this class.
Battle System
The game uses the Flex Range Linear Motion Battle System found in the PlayStation 2 game Tales of the Abyss. This system allows the player character to move freely across the field.
Story
Synopsis
The world of Terresia is under assault by a "devourer", which seeks to consume its mana and leave it barren. Although the residents of the planet are unaware, this is actually a result of the actions of two entities named Widdershin and Aurora, the descenders of other worlds. As a last resort, the world's life-giving tree (the World Tree) uses the last of its power to create a defender - the player's own character. The hero, after being awakened by a strange creature named Mormo whose own world was destroyed by the same threat, learns of the danger to this world's World Tree. Upon hearing a scream, the player rushes to discover that a girl is being attacked by a soldier. After rescuing the girl, she introduces herself as Kanonno, a member of an organization named Ad Libitum. This guild seeks to help the people of the world, fighting injustice and oppression. With no better leads, the player and Mormo set out to join Ad Libitum, hoping to learn more about the location of the devourer.
As always, the Tales of the World spin-offs add Tales characters from entries in the main installments. They play as NPCs that will assist the player throughout the game to stop the villain from destroying the world.
Characters
Original
Kanonno — A girl who suffers from amnesia and who is later on revealed to be the descender of the foreign world of Pasca. She is voiced by Haruka Kudo in the Japanese version and Lara Cody in the U.S version.
Mormo — A descender from the world of Yaoon, who accompanies the descender of Terresia on a mission to destroy Gilgulim. He is voiced by Daisuke Sakaguchi in the Japanese version and by Steve Staley in the U.S. version.
Ganser — The ruler of Ailily, the city that rests adjacent to the World Tree. His oppressive attitude towards Ailily's citizens provoked Ad Libitum to conspire against him, and eventually, defeat him. It is revealed before facing him in the Orphic Maze that he worked with Widdershin. He is voiced by Naoki Tatsuta in the Japanese version.
Aurora — A foreign Descender who worked with Widdershin. She is voiced by Yuko Nagashima in the Japanese version.
Widdershin — The descender of the world of Gilgulim, who plans to devour all worlds and merge them into one, immortal being, and the main antagonist of the story. He is voiced by Bin Shimada in the Japanese version and by Patrick Seitz in the U.S. version.
Playable characters
Development
Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology is the first and only of the Tales of the World spinoff series to be released in English.
Most Japanese releases of Tales games contain an additional subtitle referred to as a "characteristic genre name"; Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology's subtitle is . The theme song for the game is Kamihikōki by Kana Uemura, and the opening song is Uemura's Hikari to Kage. The US version of the game uses the same opening song, but without lyrics.
Reception
The game received "average" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of one eight, one seven, one eight, and one seven, for a total of 30 out of 40.
GameSpot stated that the game was "...the video game equivalent of fan fiction: familiar characters dropped into a formulaic story meant to elicit giggles from aficionados. Everything else is just the standard RPG rigmarole." IGN said, "With colorful graphics, a decent soundtrack (many of the songs are simple but catchy), 300 missions and countless hours of gameplay, it's hard to say too many negative things about Radiant Mythology."
References
External links
Official Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology Website (Japanese)
Official Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology Website (English)
Role-playing video games
Action role-playing video games
Alfa System games
PlayStation Portable games
PlayStation Portable-only games
World: Radiant Mythology, Tales of the
Video games with gender-selectable protagonists
2006 video games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Go Shiina
Video games scored by Motoi Sakuraba
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tales%20of%20the%20World%3A%20Radiant%20Mythology
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Dibate is a woreda in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Metekel Zone, it is bordered by Mandura on the north, by the Dura River on the east which separates it from the Amhara Region, by the Abay River on the south which separates it from the Kamashi Zone, and by Bulen on the west. This woreda is named for its largest town, Dibate; other settlements include Borebo.
Overview
High points include the Danjiga mountains in the southern part of the woreda, which run along the Abay river as it turns to the south.
Originally Dibate and Mandura were subunits of Guangua woreda, which was part of the Metekel awraja; in the 1960s these two subunits were split off to form separate woredas in order to strengthen government control over the local Gumuz people. Remaining parts of Guangua was transferred to Amhara when that region was organized in the 1992.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 66,654, of whom 33,452 were men and 33,202 were women; 7,399 or 11.1% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 45.84% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 18.88% of the population practiced traditional beliefs, 18.76% were Moslem, and 15.47% were Protestant.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 56,290, of whom 28,078 are men and 28,212 are women; 5,010 or 8.90% of the population are urban dwellers which is less than the Zone average of 10.7%. With an estimated area of 2,425.32 square kilometers, Dibate has a population density of 23.2 people per square kilometer which is above the Zone average of 8.57.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 41,570 in 8,831 households, of whom 20,843 were men and 20,727 were women; 2,912 or 7.01% of its population were urban dwellers. The five largest ethnic groups reported in Dibate were the Gumuz (30.6%), the Amhara (26.3%), the Oromo (24%), the Shinasha (16.5%) and the Awi (2%) a subgroup of the Agaw. Gumuz is spoken as a first language by 30.6%, 26.5% speak Amhara, Oromiffa 25%, and 2% Awngi. Most of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 46% of the population reporting that they held that belief, while 25% observed traditional religions, 17.6% were Muslim, and 8.9% were Protestant. Concerning education, 15.49% of the population were considered literate, which is less than the Zone average of 18.61%; 11.22% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school; 4.62% of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school; and 0.71% of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 14.3% of the urban houses and 5.9% of all houses had access to safe drinking water at the time of the census; 57.6% of the urban and 7.1% of the total had toilet facilities.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibate%20%28Ethiopian%20District%29
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Boomerang! is a monthly audio magazine for children. The magazine is based in San Francisco, California.
History and profile
Boomerang! was founded by David Strohm in San Francisco in 1990. He continues to head-up the audio magazine's content development and day-to-day operations. The magazine targets children aged 6–12. It was an advertisement-free magazine during the 1990s.
Awards
Boomerang! received the American Library Association's Notable Recording Award, the Parent's Choice Award and the Educational Press Association Award for excellence in news reporting and was included in Dr. Toy's 100 Best Children's Products.
References
External resources
Boomerang! Web site
WorldCat record
Children's magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Audio periodicals
Education magazines
Magazines established in 1990
Advertising-free magazines
Magazines published in San Francisco
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boomerang%21%20%28audio%20magazine%29
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Bullen is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. It is named after its highest point, Mount Bullen. Part of the Metekel Zone, Bullen is bordered by Dangur in the north, Mandura in the northeast, Dibate in the east, the Abay River on the south (which separates it from the Kamashi Zone), and by Wenbera in the west. Its largest settlement is Bullen.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 45,523, of whom 23,386 were men and 22,137 were women; 6,531 or 14.35% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 67.37% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 10.16% of the population were Protestant, 12.68% practiced traditional beliefs, and 9.68% were Moslem.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 29,288, of whom 14,654 are men and 14,634 are women; 5,615 or 19.2% of the population are urban dwellers, which is greater than the Zone average of 10.7%. With an estimated area of 2,857.97 square kilometers, Bulen has a population density of 10.2 people per square kilometer which is greater than the Zone average of 8.57.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 21,111 in 4,295 households, of whom 10,624 were men and 10,487 were women; 3,264 or 15.46% of its population were urban dwellers. The five largest ethnic groups reported in Bulen were the Shinasha (48%), the Gumuz (33.5%), the Amhara (9.8%), the Oromo (8%), and the Awi (0.5%) a subgroup of the Agaw; all other ethnic groups made up 0.2% of the population. Boro is spoken as a first language by 45% of the inhabitants, 33.4% speak Gumuz, 11% Oromiffa, and 10% speak Amharic; the remaining 0.6% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants said they practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 65% reporting that as their religion, while, 21.5% observed traditional religions, and 9.8% were Muslim. Concerning education, 15.1% of the population were considered literate, which is less than the Zone average of 18.61%; 9.38% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school; 0.1% of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school; and 0.85% of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 12.6% of the urban houses and 3.6% of all houses had access to safe drinking water at the time of the census; 41.2% of the urban and 9.8% of the total had toilet facilities.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulen%20%28Ethiopian%20District%29
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Live in the Tragic Kingdom is a video album by American rock band No Doubt. It was released on VHS on November 11, 1997, by Interscope Records, and consists of a filmed concert at The Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim in Anaheim, California, on May 31, and June 1, 1997, as part of the Tragic Kingdom World Tour. It was later released on DVD on November 25, 2003, as part of No Doubt's box set album Boom Box, and as a stand-alone DVD on June 13, 2006. A LaserDisc version was also released in Hong Kong.
Background
No Doubt released their eponymous debut studio album in 1992, one year after being signed to Interscope Records. The album was commercially unsuccessful, selling 30,000 copies. Interscope did not trust that the band would fund a second album, and paired them with producer Matthew Wilder. Keyboardist Eric Stefani was distressed by the band's lack of success, and the fact that he had to give up creative control to someone outside the band; he soon left the band in late 1994 to pursue an animation career on the animated sitcom The Simpsons. No Doubt released and recorded their second studio album, The Beacon Street Collection, independently. Despite its limited availability, it sold over 100,000 copies within a year of its release, and convinced Interscope that they would fund a successful third album.
No Doubt's third studio album, Tragic Kingdom, was released on October 10, 1995, and spawned seven singles, including "Just a Girl", "Spiderwebs", "Excuse Me Mr.", "Sunday Morning", and "Don't Speak", the latter of which reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay for 16 weeks, a record at the time which was later broken by the Goo Goo Dolls' "Iris". The album sold 16 million copies worldwide. Because of the success of Tragic Kingdom, No Doubt decided to embark on a tour in support of the album.
Tour
No Doubt embarked on the Tragic Kingdom World Tour, beginning in 1997, two years after the release of Tragic Kingdom. They expected to tour for two months, but the tour ended up lasting two and a half years.
The band chose Project X, headed by Luc Lafortune and Michael Keeling, to design the stage for the series of concerts. The band suggested decorating the stage like a clearing in a forest. Project X created three anthropomorphic trees with glowing oranges, as a reference to the music video of "Don't Speak". The show included clear and mylar confetti designed to look like rain. Lighting design was difficult because there were only four rehearsals, so the show was arranged to be flexible to allow for what Lafortune referred to as "a very kinetic performance."
Bonus material
Several "extras" and easter eggs were included on the 2006 DVD release of Live in the Tragic Kingdom, including a three-song video clip of a concert in The Hague, the Netherlands, during the Tragic Kingdom World Tour, an alternative version of "Don't Speak", a photo gallery, and trailers for No Doubt's two previous DVD releases, The Videos 1992–2003 and Rock Steady Live.
Critical reception
Because Live in the Tragic Kingdom was not one of No Doubt's studio albums, it lacked much attention from critics. However, Tracie Cooper of AllMovie enjoyed the mix of songs between fan favorites, lesser-known songs, and covers. A Rotten Tomatoes review noted lead singer Gwen Stefani's "danc[ing], bounc[ing], and sing[ing] ... to the infectious pop-punk-ska of her bandmates" and said "it's impossible not to feel like dancing (or smiling, at least)."
Track listing
Personnel
Gwen Stefani - lead vocals
Tom Dumont - guitar, backing vocals (9); acoustic guitar (10)
Tony Kanal - bass, backing vocals (9, 14); acoustic bass (10)
Adrian Young - drums, percussion
Gabrial McNair - trombone, keyboard, backing vocals
Stephen Bradley - trumpet, backing vocals
Various guest (16) - some of these guest including members of the bands Goldfinger, The Vandals, and various others. Another notable guest was Eric Stefani, Gwen Stefani's brother and a founding member of the band who served as their keyboardist until Tragic Kingdom.
Charts
References
External links
Official No Doubt website
1997 live albums
1997 video albums
Interscope Records live albums
Interscope Records video albums
Live video albums
No Doubt video albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20in%20the%20Tragic%20Kingdom
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The Con is a 1998 television movie starring William H. Macy and Rebecca De Mornay. De Mornay plays a con woman who develops romantic feelings for her mark (Macy) while scheming to marry him in order to get her hands on his fortune. It was directed by Steven Schachter and written by Macy and Schachter, who shared the 1999 Lone Star Film & Television Award for Best TV Teleplay. The film originally aired on the USA Network.
Cast
William H. Macy as Bobby
Rebecca De Mornay as Barbara Beaton/Nancy Throroughgood
Mike Nussbaum as Harry
Angela Paton as Lyla
Frances Sternhagen as Hadabelle
Tony Frank as Edgar Wallace
Don Harvey as T.J.
Lee Stringer as Earl Wainwright
Gina Mastrogiacomo as Debbie
Steve Shearer as Joe Charnin
Mary B. McCann as Donna
Melanie Haynes as Clinic Nurse
Grayson Jim Helms as Pilot
Blue Deckert as Card player
Kathy Lamkin as Woman #1
James Hansen Prince as Mortuary Attendant
Jimmy Ray Pickens as Rowdy #1
Alex Morris as Scary fellow
References
External links
1998 television films
1998 films
Films directed by Steven Schachter
Films shot in Houston
USA Network original films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Con%20%28film%29
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John Bowers (born John E. Bowersox; December 25, 1885 – November 17, 1936) was an American stage and silent film actor who starred in 94 films including several short subjects. He has been identified as being an inspiration for the character Norman Maine in A Star Is Born (1937).
Early life and career
Born John E. Bowersox in Garrett, Indiana, to George and Ida Bowersox, John Bowers attended Huntington Business College in Huntington, Indiana, where he became interested in acting. He joined a stock stage group and traveled until he landed in New York in 1912, where he appeared in Broadway productions. Bowers began his film career in 1914. Within five years, he became one of the most popular leading men. During his career he co-starred frequently with Marguerite De La Motte, whom he later married.
Like many silent film stars, Bowers saw his career collapse when talkies became the standard.
Death
On November 17, 1936, Bowers heard that his old friend Henry Hathaway was directing Gary Cooper in Souls at Sea on and off the shore of Santa Catalina. The 50-year-old actor rented a 16-foot sloop and sailed to the island, hoping to land a part in the picture, only to learn that it had been cast. He never returned to shore, and his body was found on the beach at Santa Monica, California. Chuck Palahniuk claims folk legend dictates John simply walked into the ocean upon hearing this news.
His life, and particularly his death, is identified as inspiration for the character Norman Maine in A Star Is Born (1937). That character was also based on Norman Kerry.
For his contributions to the film industry, Bowers received a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1709 Vine Street in 1960.
Selected filmography
References
External links
John Bowers at Virtual History
1885 births
1936 suicides
20th-century American male actors
Male actors from Indiana
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
American male stage actors
Suicides by drowning in the United States
Suicides in California
People from DeKalb County, Indiana
1936 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Bowers%20%28actor%29
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Menge is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Asosa Zone, it is bordered by Asosa in the southwest, by Komesha in the west, by Sherkole in the north, by Kamashi Zone in the northeast, and by the Dabus River on the east which separates it from Oda Buldigilu. This woreda is named after its only town, Menge.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 40,240, of whom 20,248 were men and 19,992 were women; 1,101 or 2.74% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they were Moslem, with 98.74% of the population reporting they observed this belief.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 38,503, of whom 19,115 are men and 19,388 are women; 318 or 0.83% of the population are urban dwellers. With an estimated area of 1,500.63 square kilometers, Menge has a population density of 25.7 people per square kilometer which is greater than the Zone average of 19.95.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 28,970 in 6,868 households, of whom 14,445 were men and 14,525 were women; 185 or 0.64% of its population were urban dwellers. The largest ethnic group reported in Menge was the Berta with 99.6% of the population; a similar share speak Berta (99.6%), and 99.7% of the population said they were Muslim. Concerning education, 4.91% of the population were considered literate, which is less than the Zone average of 18.49%; 3.1% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school; a negligible number of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school, and the same was true of the inhabitants aged 15–18 in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 92.3% of the urban houses and 2.3% of all houses had access to safe drinking water at the time of the census; 7.7% of the urban and 4.6% of all houses had toilet facilities.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menge%20%28Ethiopian%20District%29
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The VFW VAK 191B was an experimental German vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) strike fighter of the early 1970s. VAK was the abbreviation for Vertikalstartendes Aufklärungs- und Kampfflugzeug (Vertical Take-off Reconnaissance and Strike Aircraft). Designed and built by the Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke (VFW), it was developed with the purpose of eventually serving as a replacement for the Italian Fiat G.91 then in service with the German Air Force. Operationally, it was intended to have been armed with nuclear weapons as a deterrent against aggression from the Soviet Union and, in the event of a major war breaking out, to survive the first wave of attacks by deploying to dispersed locations, rather than conventional airfields, and to retaliate against targets behind enemy lines.
The VAK 191B suffered from a protracted development cycle, spanning ten years between inception and flight, in part due to changing requirements, changing partnerships and the difficulties inherent in the development of VTOL-capable aircraft. Ultimately, during the late 1960s, VFW took the decision to demote the development programme from targeting the type's production and instead only to test-fly a limited number of prototypes, using the VAK 191B effectively as a technology demonstrator and experimental aircraft to support the company's other activities and future programmes. On 10 September 1971, the first prototype conducted the type's maiden flight. A total of 91 flights were performed prior to the retirement of all three prototypes in 1975. These aircraft have been preserved and two are now on public display in museums.
Design and development
Background
During the 1950s, rapid advances in the field of jet propulsion, particularly in terms of increased thrust and compact engine units, had contributed to an increased belief in the technical viability of vertical takeoff/landing (VTOL) aircraft, particularly within Western Europe and the United States. During 1950s and 1960s, multiple programmes in Britain, France, and the United States were initiated; likewise, aviation companies inside West Germany were keen not to be left out of this emerging technology. Shortly after 1957, the year in which the post-Second World War ban upon West Germany operating and developing combat aircraft was lifted, German aviation firms Dornier Flugzeugwerke, Heinkel, and Messerschmitt, having also been allowed to resume their own activities that same year, received an official request from the German Federal Government that urged them to perform investigative work on the topic of VTOL aircraft and to produce concept designs.
As such, multiple companies commenced work on their own conceptual designs for VTOL-capable interceptor aircraft; in order for these designs to be operationally relevant and viable, it was recognised that it would be necessary for the flight performance to equal that of conventional interceptors of the era, such as the contemporary Lockheed F-104G Starfighter. Over time, two separate and distinct requirements emerged, one calling for a VTOL-capable successor to the F-104G interceptor while the other sought a VTOL successor to the Italian Fiat G.91 ground-attack fighter. According to aerospace publication Flight International, this call for a Fiat G.91 replacement, which came under a NATO requirement, known as NBMR-3, was a crucial trigger and greatly influenced the development programme that would lead to the VAK 191B.
In conjunction with these requirements being on offer, Germany's Federal Ministry of Defence (BMVg) championed for the merger of the competing companies; it deliberately withheld the issuing of a development contract in order to incentivise companies to undertake such activities.
As such, during September 1961, a new German aircraft company, known as Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke (VFW), was formed as joint venture between Focke-Wulf and Weser Flugzeugbau, to develop its own VTOL strike aircraft. Initially, Italian aircraft manufacturer Fiat was also a participating company in VFW, however, Italy later chose to withdraw from the joint development agreement with Germany during 1967. Despite this decision, Fiat remained as a major sub-contractor for the venture, being responsible for the production of various structural elements such as wings, tailplanes and some of the fuselage.
Concept and definition
The VAK 191B was similar in concept to the British Harrier jump jet, but was designed for a supersonic dash capability (Mach number 1.2–1.4) at medium to high altitudes. It was judged that having a single engine would create too much drag, but the two lift engines were dead weight in cruise, and the small cruise engine gave a poor thrust to weight ratio. The VAK 191B had been provided with relatively small and highly loaded wings. By contrast, the Harrier possessed a significantly higher thrust-to-weight ratio, it was effective as a dogfighter, and had larger wings which were put to good use when performing rolling short takeoffs.
The choice of lift/propulsion system was an obvious critical element of the aircraft's design. According to Flight International, there were several options available in the field of vectored thrust propulsion during its development, these being the twin-nozzle Rolls-Royce/MAN Turbo RB153 and the four-nozzle Bristol Siddeley BS.94 engines. Ultimately, VFW's design team decided to adopt the Rolls-Royce/MAN Turbo RB.193-12 engine to provide both lift and cruise, which was augmented by a pair of Rolls-Royce vertical lift engines. In practice, this arrangement meant during vertical hover, all of the lifting thrust could either be generated by the propulsion engine, or entirely produced by the two lift engines, or some combination thereof; analysis determined that the optimum thrust-generation configuration would be a 50–50 split between both engine types.
During mid-1963, the in-development aircraft received its design designation of VAK 191B. Reportedly, the initials in this designation stood for Vertikalstartendes Aufklärungs-und Kampfflugzeug (in English: vertical take-off reconnaissance and fighter aircraft), the numbers were to indicate its role as a successor to the Fiat G.91, while the B suffix was to show that the aircraft was the second of the four designs to be studied for this purpose. The rate of progress on the programme was noticeably slow; ten years passed between its inception and the first prototype performing its maiden flight on 10 September 1971. The slow progression can be viewed as a natural result of specification changes, such as a revised operational requirement that called for the aircraft to possess greater manoeuvrability issued during 1965.
Scaling-back and termination
Even prior to the first flight of the type, the programme had been heavily affected by political changes. Amongst these were the effective irrelevance of the original NBMR-3 requirement and the decreasing importance of the strike mission as a result of a German government decision to abandon the nuclear role, a divergence of opinion between partner countries, the withdrawal of the Italian government from participation during August 1967, and a growing awareness of the programme's escalating costs. At one stage, the Italian government had agreed to take on 40 per cent of the programme's development costs, thus their departure meant that a substantial amount of funding was lost for the venture.
The emergence of a new German/American "Advanced Vertical Strike" (AVS) programme also played a role in diminishing the type's perceived value; the prospective aircraft which was on offer from the Americans via a cooperative venture with Germany had somewhat eclipsed the VAK 191B in the eyes of the German Air Force and served to effectively undermine support for the programme. Finally, during 1968, officials at VFW decided that the VAK 191B should be reclassified as an experimental programme, and that the resultant aircraft should principally function only as technology demonstrators instead. The initial programme had called for the construction of three single-seater and three two-seater aircraft; however, amid escalating costs, this intended test batch was first converted to become six single-seat aircraft, and was later on cut down to only involve three single-seat aircraft following Italy's withdrawal.
During April 1969, the first prototype was rolled out at VFW's facility in Bremen, and was later displayed at that year's Hannover Air Show. Over the course of the following 17 months, it went through a flight-qualification programme, during which some issues were discovered, most of these associated with the hydraulic system. During February 1971, trials commenced using the cruise engine for the first time. The first hovering flight performed by the VAK 191B was conducted at Bremen on 20 September 1971.
A total of three VAK 191B aircraft were flown in the flight test program, which was conducted between 1970 and 1975, during which a total of 91 flights were performed. The first transition from vertical flight to horizontal and vice versa was achieved on 26 October 1972 in Munich. At one stage, the prototypes were used for testing some of the concepts that were then being considered for the European MRCA programme (which led to the Panavia Tornado strike fighter), including the use of fly-by-wire technology. According to Flight International, the VAK 191B was well-suited to this purpose due to its modern flight-control system and its general characteristics.
Surviving aircraft
An example of the VAK 191B can be seen at the Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim at Oberschleißheim near Munich.
The second remaining VAK 191B is part of the Wehrtechnische Studiensammlung (Military technical collection) at Koblenz, Germany.
The third VAK 191B was reported as being put into storage in 1976. Its current location is at Airbus in Bremen.
Operators
German Air Force (Luftwaffe)
Specifications (VAK 191B)
See also
References
Citations
Bibliography
Buttler, Tony and Jean-Louis Delezenne. X-Planes of Europe: Secret Research Aircraft from the Golden Age 1946-1974. Manchester, UK: Hikoki Publications, 2012.
Hirschel, Ernst Heinrich., Horst Prem and Gero Madelung. Aeronautical Research in Germany: From Lilienthal until Today. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. .
Jackson, Paul A. German Military Aviation 1956–1976. Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1976. .
External links
Paul Nann, Photo of VAK191B
Photo of lineup of three VAK 191Bs
VAK 191B (French language)
V/STOL Fighter Programs in Germany: 1956–1975
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
1970s German attack aircraft
1970s German experimental aircraft
VAK 191
V/STOL aircraft by thrust vectoring
Single-engined jet aircraft
Aircraft with auxiliary jet engines
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1971
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VFW%20VAK%20191B
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Herbert Leonard Ley Jr. (September 7, 1923 – July 22, 2001) was an American physician and the 10th Commissioner and head of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Background
Dr. Ley attended Harvard College from 1941-1943, and returned there after World War II, where he received his M.D. degree, cum laude, in 1946. In 1951, he earned a Master of Public Health degree from the Harvard School of Public Health. From 1951 until 1958, he worked with the Army Medical Service Graduate School in rickettsial disease research, the Office of the Surgeon General, and as an epidemiologist in Korea and Vietnam.
In 1958, he accepted a position as Professor of Bacteriology and Chairman of the Department of Bacteriology, Hygiene, and Preventive Medicine at George Washington University. In 1963, he was appointed Associate Professor of Epidemiology and Microbiology at the Harvard School of Public Health, and became chairman of the Department in 1964.
FDA
In September 1966, Ley took a leave of absence from his position to become director of the Bureau of Medicine of the Food and Drug Administration and on July 1, 1968, he was appointed Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration by President Lyndon B. Johnson. Ley served as FDA commissioner for only a year and a half; he was ousted in December 1969.
His three years at the FDA came during the time when the FDA grew from an insignificant agency to the key agency protecting consumers; during that time 300 drugs were removed from the market. After he left, Ley stated that he had "constant, tremendous, sometimes unmerciful pressure" from the drug industry and that the drug company lobbyists, combined with the politicians who worked on behalf of their patrons, could bring “tremendous pressure” to bear on him and his staff, to try preventing FDA restrictions on their drugs. Ley complained that his agency faced budget shortfalls and lacked support from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and Congress; Ley was on the master list of Nixon political opponents.
An example of the clashes the FDA had with pressure groups, involved the drug company Upjohn and their patented drug Panalba. Panalba was a combination of tetracycline, an inexpensive and effective generic drug, with novobiocin, a more toxic antibacterial with a different spectrum of activity. Although Upjohn had been marketing the drug for 7 years, they had not done any of the required studies on the efficacy of it and so the FDA under Ley moved to decertify it. Ley met tremendous opposition from Upjohn.
The highest profile issue that Ley had to confront was sodium cyclamate. An artificial sweetener, it was originally brought to market as a flavoring ingredient in drugs, but in 1958, it was designated GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) and its uses expanded, first into table sugars, then into many foods. By 1969 annual sales of cyclamate had reached $1 billion. However, by that time some animal studies had shown that very high doses of cyclamates, at levels of humans ingesting 350 cans of diet soda per day, led to higher rates of bladder cancer in rats. Amidst the growth of the environmental movement and its concern with chemicals, pressure mounted on the government to restrict the use of cyclamate. In October 1969, Department of Health, Education & Welfare Secretary Robert Finch bypassed Ley and the FDA, and removed the GRAS designation from cyclamate, banning its use in general purpose foods but keeping it available for restricted use in dietary products with additional labeling. In October 1970, a year after Ley left, the FDA banned cyclamate completely from all food and drug products in the United States.
Dr. Ley was ousted from his Commissioner post on December 12, 1969, and was replaced by Charles C. Edwards.
Reviews of his tenure
In accepting Ley's resignation, Secretary of HEW Finch praised him as a "gifted scientist and a dedicated public servant," saying that he had "coped strenuously with an unwieldy agency".
In September 1982, interviewed for the oral history program of the FDA History Office, Maurice D. Kinslow, Chairman of the committee and author of the final draft of the July 1969 "Kinslow report" characterized Dr. Ley as Commissioner: "Since I reported to him [Dr. Ley] as a District Director and subsequently took on the special assignment [Kinslow Report], I had a lot of personal contact with him. I found him to be a very honest, decent person to work for. I respect Herb Ley; he was very different that either George P. Larrick or James L. Goddard [Previous FDA Commissioners], but I'm convinced he was dedicated to the best interests of the American public. And indeed, I believe that he got into significant trouble during his last days in the agency during the fall of 1969, in connection with the banning of cyclamates because he did what the Secretary told him to do (to not discuss the matter within the FDA). He was a good soldier."
After the FDA
After his resignation, in an interview to the New York Times, Dr. Ley warned the public about the FDA’s inability to safeguard consumers. People were being misled, he believed “The thing that bugs me is that the people think the FDA is protecting them - it isn’t. What the FDA is doing and what the public thinks it’s doing are as different as night and day,” he said.
On December 15, 1999, interviewed for the oral history program of the FDA History Office, Dr. Ley shared that from the first controversy in his tenure as FDA Commissioner he had a "gut feeling" that his life expectancy at the FDA was probably limited. He attributed this to the administration wishing that he would "stonewall" an Academy of Medicine report supporting removal from the market of many pharmaceutical products that had been approved between 1938 and 1962 based without proof of efficacy, and that his failure to do so adversely affected the financial interests of the pharmaceutical industry.
Dr. Herbert L. Ley Jr died of cardiovascular disease on July 22, 2001, at his home in Rockville, Maryland. He was 77. Survivors include two children from his first marriage, and a sister.
References
External links
Official FDA Bio
1923 births
2001 deaths
Commissioners of the Food and Drug Administration
American bacteriologists
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health alumni
George Washington University faculty
Harvard College alumni
Harvard Medical School alumni
Lyndon B. Johnson administration personnel
Nixon administration personnel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20L.%20Ley%20Jr.
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In business finance, trade working capital (TWC) is the difference between current assets and current liabilities related to the everyday operations of a company. TWC is usually expressed in percentage of sales.
Corporate finance
Management cybernetics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade%20working%20capital
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Kurmuk is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Asosa Zone, it is bordered by Sudan in the north and west, Sherkole in the east, Komesha in the southeast, and Asosa in the south.
This woreda is named after its only town, Kurmuk, Ethiopia. High points include Mounts Gule and Umbi.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 16,734, of whom 8,604 were men and 8,130 were women; 553 or 3.31% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they were Moslem, with 95.77% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 3.91% of the population practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 14,206, of whom 7,154 are men and 7,052 are women; 554 or 3.90% of the population are urban dwellers. With an estimated area of 1,434.07 square kilometers, Kurmuk has a population density of 9.9 people per square kilometer which is less than the Zone average of 19.95.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 10,614 in 2,290 households, of whom 5,365 were men and 5,249 were women; 322 or 3.03% of its population were urban dwellers. The largest ethnic group reported in Kurmuk was the Berta with 94.4% of the population; a similar share speak Berta (98.3%), and 98.3% of the population said they were Muslim. Concerning education, 14.39% of the population were considered literate, which is less than the Zone average of 18.49%; 13.74% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school; 4.56% of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school; and a negligible number of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 4.8% of the urban houses and 5.4% of all houses had access to safe drinking water at the time of the census; 39.2% of the urban and 8.4% of all houses had toilet facilities.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurmuk%20%28Ethiopian%20District%29
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{{Infobox television
| image = Scoop (1987 film - VHS cover).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = DVD cover
| genre =
| director = Gavin Millar
| executive_producer = Nick ElliottPatrick Garland
| producer = Sue Birtwistle
| screenplay = William Boyd
| based_on = Scoop by Evelyn Waugh
| narrated =
| starring = Michael MaloneyDenholm ElliottMichael HordernHerbert Lom
| location = LondonMorocco
| music = Stanley Myers
| cinematography = Roger Pratt
| editor = Derek Bain
| company = London Weekend Television
| network = ITV
| released =
| runtime = 120 minutes
| country = United Kingdom
| language = English
| budget =
}}Scoop is a 1987 television film directed by Gavin Millar, adapted by William Boyd from the 1938 satirical novel Scoop by Evelyn Waugh. It was produced by Sue Birtwistle with executive producers Nick Elliott and Patrick Garland. Original music was made by Stanley Myers. The story is about a reporter sent to the fictional African state of Ishmaelia by accident.
Plot
In a case of mistaken identity, a naive young columnist for The Daily Beast is sent to cover a war in Ishmaelia. A confused editor, Mr. Salter (Denholm Elliott), acting on the orders of his much feared 'boss', Lord Copper (Donald Pleasence), tells William Boot (Michael Maloney) to cover the ongoing war as the correspondent for the Beast. Boot normally writes about British country life, but is too timid, and worried about losing his job for good, to say otherwise when he is ordered overseas.
Boot is soon up to his neck in intrigue. All the foreign journalists are confined to the capital of Ishmaelia, and they are not allowed to leave unless permission has been given by the Minister of Propaganda. The journalists stick together, drinking and trying to pass time, but they watch each other jealously for signs that someone may have a story to send home. However, Lord Hitchcock, the correspondent for the Daily Brute'', is noticeably absent, and this sends the reporters on an insane quest into the desert in the hope of finding the sought-after 'scoop'.
The story is full of bizarre characters: an insane Swedish diplomat who goes berserk when he drinks too much absinthe, the mysterious Mr. Baldwin (Herbert Lom), and a German woman who claims she somehow or other lost her husband. The hapless William Boot appears to be completely out of his depth in the middle of all this chaos and confusion.
Cast
Denholm Elliott as Mr. Salter
Michael Hordern as Uncle Theodore
Herbert Lom as Mr. Baldwin
Nicola Pagett as Julia Stitch
Donald Pleasence as Lord Copper
Renée Soutendijk as Kätchen
Michael Maloney as William Boot
Sverre Anker Ousdal as Erik Olafsen
Jack Shepherd as Corker
References
External links
1987 television films
1987 films
Films based on British novels
Films based on works by Evelyn Waugh
Films about war correspondents
Films about journalists
1987 comedy films
Films set in Africa
Films directed by Gavin Millar
Films with screenplays by William Boyd (writer)
Films scored by Stanley Myers
1980s English-language films
1980s British films
British comedy television films
ITV television dramas
Television series by ITV Studios
London Weekend Television shows
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoop%20%281987%20film%29
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The Pilgrims of Rayne is the eighth book in D. J. MacHale's Pendragon series. On October 17, 2006, D. J. MacHale announced the title would be The Pilgrims of Rayne in place of the previously announced title, Pendragon the Great. The book was released on May 8, 2007.
Summary
Journal #28
Bobby and Courtney arrive on Third Earth only to find that it has changed quite noticeably. Patrick, the local Traveler, arrives and takes them to the library to find out about their friend Mark, whom they believe is on First Earth. Startlingly, information pertaining to Mark originates from both First Earth and Second Earth. Both sources tell of him disappearing. In the flume, on First Earth November 1, 1937, Courtney and Bobby run into a dado (a type of android) in ragged clothing. Bobby tells Courtney to escape while he fights it off. Soon the dado backs into the tunnel and into an oncoming train. The dado is torn in half. Bobby takes the pieces to the flume and sends it back to Quillan. Then Bobby goes to First Earth to find Mark but he knows that Ibara needs him so he goes there and leaves Courtney behind.
Ibara
Bobby is in Ibara, the next territory he must save from Saint Dane's plans. Though the people there live simply, by growing or fishing for their food and living in grass huts, there are signs of advanced civilization, including artificial lights and other technological advances. No one, whether out of ignorance or desire to conceal, can explain these anachronisms.
Bobby meets the Jakills, a group of teens outside of the main social group, who are determined to discover the truth of Ibara's unusual character. Leading them is Siry, Remudi's son. Bobby agrees to join the Jakills after proving his skills against a group of Flighters (humanoids that attack Ibara relentlessly). Together the Jakills and Bobby steal a ship and set off to find the truth. They eventually land in a city known as Rubity, a city far away from
Rayne.
Bobby, Siry, and a few of the Jakills explore Rubity. After a while, Bobby discovers that Ibara is a manifest future version of Veelox/an island on the territory Veelox and that Rubity is Rubic City, 300 years after Bobby failed to stop Saint Dane from causing chaos there.
The Flighters attack them as they find this out, however, and only Bobby and Siry make it back to the ship, which they find is burning. They believe that most of the Jakills are killed, apparently leaving only Bobby and Siry alive. They escape from the enraged Flighters, only to meet Saint Dane in the now abandoned Lifelight pyramid.
Aja Killian's journal is interrupted by Saint Dane. Bobby then finds out that the Jakills' name comes from Aja Killian [aJAKILLian] and that Flighters were the people who didn't leave Lifelight [liFeLIGHTERS].
Saint Dane reveals that he is bringing an army of tens of thousands of dados to Ibara to make Veelox's second turning point a disaster. Bobby and Siry barely escape on Skimmers, which are high speed boats from Cloral, brought by Saint Dane.
The two of them get back to Ibara and tell the ruling Tribunal what has happened. The Tribunal then reveals that the ship that the Jakills stole was one of ten ships that they were going to use to repopulate Veelox. After sending them out early, the ships are destroyed by Flighters, and the threat of the impending army looms on the horizon.
Bobby and Siry travel to Veelox to obtain maps of Ibara from Aja Killian. They then go to Zadaa to borrow a dygo, then to Denduron in order to unearth the explosive tak. When they leave, the Traveler Alder goes with them. Bobby then goes to Quillan alone in order to get the black dado-killing rods for extra protection.
After a gigantic battle with archers firing tak at the dados, it appears that the battle is won. When a second wave of dados arrive, Bobby throws almost all the tak they have left in a tunnel and lures the army over it. As he is about to detonate the tak, Saint Dane catches up with Bobby and has a fight with him, in which he reveals that there is a "King of the territories", and that he wants to be it. When Bobby asks who the king is now, Saint Dane merely says, "And now you see the truth..."
Siry arrives in time to prevent Bobby from being killed, and Bobby blows up the tak bomb. The dado army is destroyed but as they begin to celebrate, Bobby decides that the time has come to go after Saint Dane.
Bobby goes with Siry and Alder to take the various things they had taken from the other territories back to their places of origin. After they leave, Bobby destroys the flume with a tak arrow, trapping both himself and Saint Dane on Ibara. Bobby hopes that this means Halla is safe.
In the final chapter, however, Saint Dane and his accomplice Nevva Winter speak on top of the Lifelight pyramid. By unearthing the tak, Bobby has doomed Denduron. Just as Saint Dane had said long ago, Denduron would be the first territory to fall. It is revealed that Saint Dane has more power in realizing the future of Halla than thought, and that Telleo is actually Nevva Winter in disguise.
Trivia
It is said that Dewey Todd went to manage a hotel in Hollywood, CA. This is a reference to the Tower of Terror film where a person named Dewey Todd is a bellhop who manages the elevator. In the movie and the book, the elevator was struck by lightning and neither of them survive, just as the relationship between Gunny and Dodger developed.
The working title of the book, Pendragon the Great, was posted on the cover of The Quillan Games.
References
External links
Official Pendragon Website
The Pendragon Adventure
American fantasy novels
2007 American novels
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Pilgrims%20of%20Rayne
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Asosa is a woreda in Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Asosa Zone, it is bordered by Kurmuk and Komesha in the north, by Menge in the northeast, by Oda Buldigilu in the east, by Bambasi in the southeast, by Mao-Komo special woreda in the south and by Sudan in the west. This Woreda is named after its largest settlement, Asosa. Rivers include the Yabus and its tributary the Buldidine. One of the highest points in Asosa is Mount Bange.
Recent history
Construction of two health clinics in Asosa woreda was announced 9 March 2009, at a cost of almost 2 million Birr, which would over 40,000 people. These would join one hospital, and 27 health stations or health posts which were currently providing service to over 87,000 inhabitants. Woreda officials announced that UNICEF had donated medical equipment and refrigerators worth over 2.6 million Birr to equip these clinics.
In February 2009, the Ethiopian Roads Authority announced that they had awarded a 502.8 million Birr contract to upgrade and repair the 100-kilometer-long road linking Asosa to Kurmuk in Sudan. The work would be done by Sino-Hydro International, a Chinese construction company. The project is expected to start later in 2009 and take 36 months to complete. It is the last section of the highway which connects Addis Ababa, Nekemte, Asosa, and Kurmuk. The Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, the Saudi Fund for Development, and the Ethiopian government will finance the project.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 104,147, of whom 52,968 were men and 51,179 were women; 24,214 or 23.25% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they were Moslem, with 63.27% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 31.18% of the population practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 5.23% were Protestant.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 102,732, of whom 53,340 are men and 49,392 are women; 20,226 or 19.69% of the population are urban dwellers. With an estimated area of 1,991.41 square kilometers, Asosa has a population density of 51.6 people per square kilometer which is greater than the Zone average of 19.95.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 73,954 in 17,162 households, of whom 38,442 were men and 35,512 were women; 11,749 or 15.89% of its population were urban dwellers. The three largest ethnic groups reported in Asosa were the Amhara (53%), the Berta (34%), and the Oromo (9.4%); all other ethnic groups made up 3.6% of the population. Amharic is spoken as a first language by 55%, 34% speak Berta, and 8.7% speak Oromiffa; the remaining 2.3% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants were Muslim, with 61.5% of the population stating they embraced that faith, while 35.8% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 2.4% were Protestant. Concerning education, 35.33% of the population were considered literate, which is more than the Zone average of 18.49%; 20.72% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school; 3.41% of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school; and 5.6% of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 63.8% of the urban houses and 50.7% of all houses had access to safe drinking water at the time of the census; 86.7% of the urban and 9.8% of all houses had toilet facilities.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asosa%20%28woreda%29
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Bambasi (also spelled Bambeshi) is a woreda in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Asosa Zone, it is bordered by the Mao-Komo special woreda on the southwest, Asosa in the northwest, Oda Buldigilu in the northeast, and by the Oromia Region in the southeast.
This woreda and its only town, Bambasi, are named for the tallest point in this zone, Mount Bambasi. Rivers include the Dabus, which originates in this woreda.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 48,694, of whom 30,720 were men and 23,974 were women; 9,146 or 18.78% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they were Moslem, with 48.08% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 44.26% of the population practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 3.83% were Protestant.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 34,475 in 8,117 households, of whom 17,419 were men and 17,056 were women; 4,164 or 12.08% of its population were urban dwellers. The five largest ethnic groups reported in Bambasi were the Amhara (52%), the Berta (33.8%), the Oromo (12.4%), 12.3% Komo, the Tigray (4.7%), and the Mao (3.7%). Amharic is spoken as a first language by 72.7% of the population; 28.7% speak Berta, 7.4% Komo, 32.2% Oromiffa, 2.6% Tigrinya, and 3.7% speak Mao, one of the northern group of Omotic languages. The majority of the inhabitants were Muslim, with 72.3% of the population reporting they belonged to that faith, while 26.3% observed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 47,374, of whom 23,863 are men and 23,511 are women; 7,166 or 15.1% of the population are urban dwellers. With an estimated area of 2,210.16 square kilometers, Bambasi has a population density of 21.4 people per square kilometer which is greater than the Zone average of 19.95. keshmando(Gojjam sefer) is one oldest and historical place in this woreda.
Concerning education, 17.1% of the population were considered illiterate, which is less than the Zone average of 18.49%; 8.68% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school; 1.06% of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school; and 0.14% of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 56.8% of the urban houses and 26% of all houses had access to safe drinking water at the time of the census; 72.7% of the urban and 34.9% of the total had toilet facilities.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambasi%20%28woreda%29
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Sherkole is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Asosa Zone, it is bordered by Menge on the south, Kurmuk on the west, by Sudan on the north, and Kamashi Zone on the east.
The major settlement in this woreda is Holma. Ad-Damazin transit center, housing 14,431 displaced Sudanese, is also located in Sherkole. One of the highest points in Sherkole is Mount Abu Ranab, a lone peak that rises near the Abay River. Other rivers include the Tumat, a tributary of the Abay.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 24,679, of whom 12,288 were men and 12,391 were women; 903 or 3.66% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they were Moslem, with 98.15% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 1.49% of the population practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 18,558, of whom 9,066 are men and 9,492 are women. With an estimated area of 3,204.22 square kilometers, Sherkole has a population density of 5.8 people per square kilometer which is less than the Zone average of 19.95.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 13,989 in 3,231 households, of whom 6,866 were men and 7,123 were women; no urban dwellers were reported. The two largest ethnic groups reported in Sherkole were the Berta (92.4%), and the Gumuz (2.4%); all other ethnic groups made up 5.2% of the population. Berta is spoken as a first language by 93%, and 2.5% speak Gumuz; the remaining 4.5% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants were Muslim, with 99.6% of the population reporting they professed that religion. Concerning education, 6.94% of the population were considered literate, which is less than the Zone average of 18.49%; only 5.37% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school, while a negligible number of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school, and none of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 1.8% of all houses had access to safe drinking water, and 2.4% had toilet facilities at the time of the census.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherkole
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Psychiatric and mental health nurses in the U.S. Army Nurse Corps employing groundbreaking protocols and treatments in psychiatric issues to address the unique challenges that our service men and women face, more commonly post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injuries. Most people understand that trauma exposure is a popular occupational hazard for military members. Psychiatric screenings, before and during their enlistment, and treatments after being exposed to warfare, death, destruction, and torture have been extremely beneficial for military personnel and their dependents.
Psychiatric and mental health nurses treat individuals diagnosed with conditions like schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and depression. They are also trained in behavioral therapy which allows these nurses to teach patients and their loved ones how to deal with, react to, and overcome challenges that go along with different psychiatric disorders. Nurses in the psychiatric and mental health field can assess, examine, and treat patients with mental illness. Nurses with proper training are able to identify and understand the needs and help-seeking behaviors of military members and, with military cultural competence and knowledge about stress injuries, including psychological damage, they are able to deliver patient-centered care to patients with military culture experiences.
Duties and responsibilities
Prevention of mental illness through mental health promotion activities, interventions when emotional and mental health problems arise, and stabilization of individuals at their highest level of functioning
Provide specialized care to emotionally distressed individuals both as inpatients and outpatients and provide consultations within the general community
Conduct patient counseling, crisis intervention, medication management, milieu and group therapy, and critical incident stress debriefings (CISD)
Serve as an expert educator, adviser, and consultant on mental health issues to department chiefs and staff as well as the patients and their families
Coordinate outpatient psychiatric care within the behavioral health care service line
Conduct medical research on diseases of military importance
Conduct, supervise and participate in graduate medical education and training of other medical personnel
Facilitating social and emotional needs
Supervising medication schedules
Evaluating patient progress
Maintaining a safe environment
Unique duty positions
Psychiatric Clinical Staff or Head Nurse
Head nurse in an alcohol and drug treatment program
Advanced practice positions such as a Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurse Practitioner
Clinical section chief
Instructor
Program director
Member of medical company combat stress control or medical detachment
Requirements
Active duty
Bachelor's of Science in Nursing degree from an accredited nursing program
Between 21 and 42 years of age
Current, valid and unrestricted nursing license
U.S. citizenship
Army reserve
Minimum of a Bachelor's or associate degree in Nursing or diploma in nursing from an accredited nursing school
At least one year of experience in psychiatric nursing
Between 21 and 42 years of age
Current, valid and unrestricted nursing license
U.S. citizenship or permanent residency
Training
Active duty
In the U.S. Army, the case diversity nurses experience in caring for Soldiers and their families far exceeds the medical care environment of the private sector. Army Nurse Corps officers have access to the most sophisticated and up-to-date technology, the opportunity to consult with experts in both the military and private sector, plus exceptional professional growth opportunities, which may include but are not limited to paid continuing education, clinical specialization, and residencies.
Army reserve
The Army Reserve Nurse Corps begins with the Army Medical Department Basic Officer Leaders Course (BOLC), a three-week program that will expose nurses to the variety of mental and physical challenges they will face as a member of the United States Army's health care team. Candidates learn about the Army's approach to health care firsthand, train with other professionals, and attending lectures, conferences, and demonstrations that cover everything from U.S. Army customs to crisis management. Some candidates even have the opportunity to participate in a hands-on medical simulation of an in-theater field medical unit.
After completing BOLC, nurses will then begin serving with a Reserve unit a minimum of two days each month, and participate in annual training for at least two weeks each year. During this time, duties may include attending professional seminars and military or nursing education courses provided by the U.S. Army as well as the opportunity to work in a wide range of health care environments, whether it be in a modern hospital, working with skilled professionals in a variety of clinical situations or supervising paraprofessionals in a field medical unit.
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
The Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, formerly known as the Walter Reed Army Medical Center and was open from May 1909 to August 2011 then realigned with the National Naval Medical Center, is located in Washington, D.C. and serves more than 150,000 active and retired military personnel from all branches, admitting 16,000 patients a year. As a provider of specialized care and a referral center for the North Atlantic Regional Medical Command, WRNMMC offers a broad range of clinical and educational opportunities as well as focusing on integrated patient care, teaching, and research opportunities.
Research
Early research began in the 1950s with the electrophysiology of neurons in the visual system provided the groundwork for Dr. David Hubel's 1981 Nobel Prize in Medicine. This standard of excellence has been kept with years of research innovations leading to over multiple patents for scientific contributions and numerous publications in high-impact journals such as Science, Nature, the New England Journal of Medicine, and the Journal of the American Medical Association.
The United States Army Medical Research Unit - Europe
The United States Army Medical Research Unit - Europe (USAMRU-E), a subordinate command of the Walter Reed National Military Center, is currently located in Heidelberg, Germany. USAMRU-E conducts applied psychological research to protect, optimize, and enhance psychological resilience for military members while also studying factors that can impact current stressors on the unit as well as the individual and their family. USAMRU-E focuses on command-directed behavioral health assessments and the development and validation of resilience training for the deployment cycle and the professional military education system. At USAMRU-E, individuals are exposed to a wide range of stressors that can negatively impact their behavioral health and well-being. Approximately 20% of those exposed report significant behavioral health problems upon returning from a combat deployment.
The National Capital Consortium Psychiatry Residency Program
The National Capital Consortium (NCC) Psychiatry Residency Program, which began in 1996, is unique and innovative graduate medical education program in psychiatry for military medical professionals. For over sixty years, neuropsychiatry investigators at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research have worked to understand, prevent, and treat the poorly understood and untreated threats to military members health and performance that is just "in their head." Three military medical institutions, WRNMMC, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital (FBCH), and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), are involved with this integrated psychiatry residency program while keeping the tradition of excellence in graduate medical education alive. NCC psychiatry residents consistently score among the highest in the nation on standard training examinations and a large number of graduates have gone on to become national and world leaders in psychiatry.
Program overview
The National Capital Military Psychiatry Residency is a four-year program designed to prepare military physicians and nurses for the practice of general psychiatry in the military and in community settings upon discharge from the military. The program's mission is to train military physicians and nurses to become effective psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses in the variety of future roles they will fill, from military medical operations to multi-disciplinary mental health settings to primary care and other medical-surgical settings. Those who enroll in the psychiatric residency program apply their techniques of social science and psychiatric research to understand and address the many global and day-to-day pressures of military life affecting "mental health" and "psychological resilience." Military psychiatry, psychotherapy, and psychopharmacology are particularly strong areas of emphasis of the program. Faculty members include nationally known leaders in a number of areas of psychiatry, including psychopharmacology, psychoanalysis, neuropsychiatry, child and adolescent psychiatry, consultation-liaison psychiatry, and military psychiatry.
Combined residency training opportunities are also offered by the program. Army residents may apply for a 3+2 child psychiatry fellowship, and if accepted, may complete both general and child and adolescent psychiatry training in a total of five years. There is also a five-year combined internal medicine and psychiatry training program offered by the NCC Psychiatry and Internal Medicine Residency Programs. Graduates of this combined program complete requirements necessary for graduation from both residencies and for board certification in both general psychiatry and internal medicine. They also use traditional methods of individual and small-group interview, standard and specialized psychological tests and surveys, and objective measures such as the rates of suicide, re-enlistment, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to make wide-ranging assessments of slider and military family health and to recommend changes to organization, training, and leadership.
References
Medicine in the United States Army
Military psychiatry
Mental health in the United States
Psychiatric nursing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatric%20and%20mental%20health%20nursing%20in%20the%20United%20States%20Army
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Haywood Lee Mann (December 30, 1952 – January 27, 2022) was an American guitarist.
Biography
He was born in New York, where he studied acoustic guitar with blues guitarist Reverend Gary Davis from 1968–72. From 1973–78, he continued private lessons, focusing on improvisation with jazz pianist Lennie Tristano. He received formal instruction at the Juilliard School's pre-college program, earned a degree at Empire State College in 1974, and returned to Juilliard to pursue post-baccalaureate studies in music performance and composition from 1975–76. During these years he played with guitarists John Fahey, Bukka White, Son House, and Jo Ann Kelly.
Mann toured Japan, Brazil, and Europe. He performed fifteen times at the Great Britain International Guitar Festival where he was the U.S. Ambassador to the festival. He performed at the World's Fair Expo in Lisbon, Portugal and the Tbilisi International Guitar Festival. He hosted and co-produced the On Patriots' Stage concert series in Trenton, New Jersey, performed at the Metropolitan Museum as part of the Guitar Heroes exhibition in 2011, and played clubs and festivals throughout the world. The CF Martin company issued the Woody Mann signature guitar.
Mann founded International Guitar Seminars and Acoustic Sessions and authored books and DVDs, including The Blues Fakebook, Anthology of Blues Guitar, The Art of Blues Guitar DVD series, Lisboa, The Guitar of Woody Mann, and the Complete Blues Guitar Method. He developed an online guitar instruction site and conducted seminars and classes throughout the world. From 1981–2000, he was a faculty member at the New School in New York, teaching jazz improvisation, music theory, and acoustic blues and ragtime guitar. Mann taught at guitar workshops and camps in the U.S. and abroad, including Puget Sound Guitar Workshop, Port Townsend Blues Festival, Jorma Kaukonen's Fur Peace Ranch, Internationale Workshop in Tuscany, the Universitat Hannover in Hannover, Germany. He was a visiting artist at Berklee College of Music in Boston.
In 1999, Mann established Acoustic Sessions, a corporation that works in music production for television and films. He worked as a consultant for Yazoo Records and RCA Records as a historian and musicologist of early 20th century American music. He was the co-producer and musical supervisor for the documentary Harlem Street Singer, the story of Reverend Gary Davis.
Mann died on January 27, 2022, at the age of 69.
Discography
Stories (1997)
Stairwell Serenade (1998)
When I've Got the Moon (1999) with Susanne Vogt
Heading Uptown (2000)
Get Together (2002) with Bob Brozman
Been Here and Gone (2003) with Son House and Jo Ann Kelly
Together in Las Vegas (2004) with Orville Johnson and John Cephas
Waltz for Joy (2005) with Susanne Vogt
Road Trip (2005)
First Takes (2009)
Donna Lombarda (2009) with Duck Baker, Bob Brozman, Ed Gerhard, and Massimo Gatti
Out of the Blue (2010) with Susanne Vogt
Originals (2012)
Tribute to the Reverend (2013)
Empire Roots Band (2014) with Dave Keyes, Bill Sims Jr, Brian Glassman
''Conversations (2019) with Charley Krachy
References
External links
1952 births
2022 deaths
Acoustic guitarists
American acoustic guitarists
American male guitarists
American blues guitarists
Fingerstyle guitarists
Jewish American musicians
Jewish jazz musicians
American male jazz musicians
21st-century American Jews
Musicians from New York City
Empire State College alumni
Juilliard School alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody%20Mann
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Bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP10 gene.
BMP10 is a polypeptide belonging to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins. It is a novel protein that, unlike most other BMP's, is likely to be involved in the trabeculation of the heart. Bone morphogenetic proteins are known for their ability to induce bone and cartilage development. BMP10 is categorized as a BMP since it shares a large sequence homology with other BMP's in the TGF-β superfamily.
Further reading
References
External links
Developmental genes and proteins
Bone morphogenetic protein
TGFβ domain
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone%20morphogenetic%20protein%2010
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Passport to Europe was an American television show on the Travel Channel from 2004 to 2006. The show follows the bubbly and upbeat television host Samantha Brown around Europe visiting various popular European cities, including prime travel destinations such as Berlin, Munich, Amsterdam, Venice, Florence, Rome, Paris and London, as well as smaller cities such as Stratford-upon-Avon, Penzance and Oxford in England.
In the course of each show, Brown tours each city and interacts with the town's locals (occasionally with the use of subtitles for the viewer, even for English-speaking countries, such as Scotland). She also visits local landmarks - including popular restaurants and shopping locales - and educates viewers on events in the city's history.
The show was nominated for a Daytime Emmy in 2006 in the same category that the Travel Channel series Great Hotels went on to win.
In July 2006, Brown announced that Passport to Europe had officially wrapped, and that Passport to Latin America would start filming in September 2006.
Passport to Europe won an Emmy award for "Outstanding Lifestyle Directing." Brown was quoted saying:
"We got the news last night (6/14) — we were in our hotel bar having a wrap of Mexico City drink. Many of us had retired to our hotel rooms to pack for leaving the next day or just go to bed. Joan McCord (Director) got the news and so of course we changed from our PJ’s back into our clothes and went back down to the bar so we could order a couple of bottles of Champagne. We are all absolutely thrilled…beyond thrilled to be recognized this way. PineRidge and Travel Channel now have TWO EMMYs for Great Hotels and Passport to Europe. Not bad at all."
Brown also hosts Great Hotels.
Places visited
Aix-en-Provence, France
Amalfi Coast, Italy
Amsterdam, Holland
Athens, Greece
Barcelona, Spain
Bath, United Kingdom
Bavaria, Germany
Berlin, Germany
Bologna, Italy
Brittany, France
Brussels, Belgium
Cannes, France
Cornwall, United Kingdom
Copenhagen, Denmark
County Cork, Ireland
Crete, Greece
Dublin, Ireland
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Florence, Italy
Geneva, Switzerland
Glasgow, United Kingdom
Helsinki, Finland
Innsbruck, Austria
Interlaken, Switzerland
Inverness, United Kingdom
Lisbon, Portugal
London, United Kingdom
Lyon, France
Madrid, Spain
Majorca, Spain
Marseilles, France
Milan, Italy
Monte Carlo, Monaco
Munich, Germany
Mykonos, Greece
Naples, Italy
Normandy, France
Oxford, United Kingdom
Paris, France
Penzance, United Kingdom
Prague, Czech Republic
Rome, Italy
Reykjavík, Iceland
Salzburg, Austria
St. Moritz, Switzerland
Santorini, Greece
Seville, Spain
Stockholm, Sweden
Stratford-upon-Avon, United Kingdom
Torino, Italy
Tuscany, Italy
Verona, Italy
Vienna, Austria
Venice, Italy
Zurich, Switzerland
Media
Four DVDs were released:
Passport to Europe with Samantha Brown: England, Ireland and Scotland. It includes the following episodes:
English Countryside (Bath & Cotswolds)
Classic London
London Now
Ireland Coast (County Cork & County Kerry)
Dublin, Ireland
Edinburgh, Scotland
Passport to Europe with Samantha Brown: Seven Fabulous Cities. It includes the following episodes:
Brussels, Belgium
Prague, Czech Republic
Amsterdam, Holland
Barcelona, Spain
Madrid, Spain
Seville, Spain
Lisbon, Portugal
Passport to Europe with Samantha Brown: Germany, Switzerland and Austria . It includes the following episodes:
Bavaria (Mittenwald & Oberammergau), Germany
Berlin, Germany
Munich, Germany
Innsbruck, Austria
Salzburg, Austria
Vienna, Austria
Interlaken, Switzerland
St. Moritz, Switzerland
Zurich, Switzerland
Passport to Europe with Samantha Brown: France and Italy . It includes the following episodes:
Cannes and Nice, France
Paris, France (2 episodes)
Monte Carlo, Monaco
Amalfi Coast, Italy
Florence, Italy
Naples, Italy
Rome, Italy
References
External links
Passport to Europe with Samantha Brown official website.
Travel Channel original programming
2004 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passport%20to%20Europe
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A referendum on electoral reform was supposed to be held in the province of New Brunswick, Canada on May 12, 2008. The date was announced by Premier Bernard Lord on June 20, 2006 in announcing his response to the 2004 report of the Commission on Legislative Democracy. However, Lord and his Progressive Conservatives were defeated in the September 2006 election and the new Liberal government, which had always expressed skepticism about the model proposed by the Commission and its mandate opted not proceed with a referendum in an announcement on June 28, 2007.
The proposal was on a mixed member proportional representation system which would see 36 members elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in first past the post single member ridings and 20 additional members elected from 4 regions, using closed lists, to ensure proportionality. The threshold for proportional representation seats would be 5% of the provincial vote.
In October 2010, after the 2010 New Brunswick election, the group New Brunswickers For Proportional Representation was formed to push for the implementation of proportional representation as outlined by the Commission on Legislative Democracy.
References
External links
Commission on Legislative Democracy
Electoral reform referendum
Cancelled referendums
Electoral reform referendums in Canada
New Brunswick electoral reform referendum
New Brunswick electoral reform referendum
Electoral reform referendum
New Brunswick electoral reform referendum
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20New%20Brunswick%20electoral%20reform%20referendum
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Audit Scotland () is an independent public body responsible for auditing most of Scotland's public organisations. These include the Scottish Government, local councils and NHS Scotland.
Auditing role
It audits over 220 organisations, including:
77 central government bodies (Scottish Government, NDPB's, Police Scotland, Scottish Fire and Rescue Service, Scottish Water and others)
23 NHS bodies
32 local councils
20 further education colleges
History
Audit Scotland was established in 2000. It employees a staff of around 250 people.
Its corporate HQ is on West Port, in Edinburgh's Old Town. The role of Audit Scotland is to provide the Auditor General for Scotland and the Accounts Commission for Scotland with the services they need to carry out their duties. The core work is to carry out:
financial audits to help ensure that public sector bodies adhere to the highest standards of financial management and governance
performance audits to help ensure that these bodies achieve the best possible value for money.
Stephen Boyle is the Auditor General for Scotland and the accountable officer for Audit Scotland. He started his term of office in July 2020.
The work of Audit Scotland is governed by a board which meets around four times a year: the audits are managed by a management team. The Public Audit and Post-legislative Scrutiny Committee of the Scottish Parliament examines Audit Scotland's proposals for the use of resources and expenditure, then reports to the Scottish Parliament.
See also
Scottish budget
References
External links
New Town, Edinburgh
Organisations based in Edinburgh
Public bodies of the Scottish Government
Scotland
Public finance of Scotland
2000 establishments in Scotland
Government agencies established in 2000
Auditing in the United Kingdom
Auditing organizations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit%20Scotland
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Oda Buldigilu is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Asosa Zone, it is bordered by the Kamashi Zone in the north and east, by Oromia Region in the south, by Bambasi in the southwest, by Asosa in the west, and by Menge in the northwest. The major settlement in this woreda is Oda Buldigilu.
This woreda is located on the eastern slopes of the Dabus River, with elevations ranging from approximately 2000 meters above sea level in the east to just under 1000 meters at the bottom of the Dabus valley.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 54,584, of whom 28,885 were men and 25,699 were women; 3,165 or 5.8% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they were Moslem, with 67.53% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 27.37% of the population were Protestant and 4.14% practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 29,604, of whom 15,282 are men and 14,322 are women. With an estimated area of 1,387.19 square kilometers, Oda Godere has a population density of 21.3 people per square kilometer which is greater than the Zone average of 19.95.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 22,320 in 4,743 households, of whom 11,573 were men and 10,747 were women; no urban dwellers were recorded in this woreda. The three largest ethnic groups reported in Oda Godere were the Berta (77.7%), the Oromo (18.6%), and the Gumuz (3.4%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.3% of the population. Berta is spoken as a first language by 77.4%, 20% speak Oromiffa, and 2.4% speak Gumuz; the remaining 0.2% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants were Muslim, with 70% of the population stating that they embraced that faith, while 14.8% were Protestants, and 11.5% professed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity. Concerning education, 2.73% of the population were considered literate, which is less than the Zone average of 18.49%; only 0.55% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school, while none of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school, nor were any of the inhabitants aged 15–18 in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 3.7% of all houses had access to safe drinking water, and 2.7% had toilet facilities at the time of the census.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oda%20Buldigilu%20%28Ethiopian%20District%29
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Komesha is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Asosa Zone, it is bordered by the Asosa on the south, Kurmuk on the northwest and Menge on the east. The largest settlement in this woreda is Komesha. Sherkole refugee camp housing 9,526 displaced people from Sudan and South Sudan, is also located in Komesha.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 21,744, of whom 11,219 were men and 10,525 were women; 875 or 4.02% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they were Moslem, with 69.28% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 19.03% of the population were Protestant, 7.03% were Catholic, and 4.39% practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity.
Based on figures from the CSA in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 12,948, of whom 6,613 are men and 6,335 are women. With an estimated area of 645.78 square kilometers, Komesha has a population density of 20.1 people per square kilometer which is greater than the Zone average of 19.95.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 9,762 in 2,261 households, of whom 5,008 were men and 4,754 were women; no urban dwellers were recorded. The largest ethnic group reported in Komesha was the Berta with 99.5% of the population; an equal share spoke Berta (99.5%), and 99.5% of the population said they were Muslim. Concerning education, 15.97% of the population were considered literate, which is less than the Zone average of 18.49%; 14.29% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school; 1.01% of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school; and a negligible number of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 2.8% of all houses had access to safe drinking water, and 16.8% had toilet facilities at the time of the census.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komesha
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David Selden (June 5, 1914 – May 8, 1998) was an American activist who led the American Federation of Teachers from 1968 through 1974.
As Director of Organization of the Teachers Guild from 1953, he was a main strategist in the creation of the United Federation of Teachers in 1960 and the winning of collective bargaining in 1961. During that time he mentored several UFT staff people, including Burke Probitsky and Robert Lieberman and elected leaders. Among them was one he was particularly close to: a junior high school teacher named Albert Shanker. Shanker often paid tribute to Selden, saying that all he knew about union organizing he had learned from Selden.
Selden left UFT in 1968 upon winning election as president of the American Federation of Teachers. (In AFT, unlike its rival, the National Education Association, staff members are eligible to run for elective office. Most UFT, AFT, and other large AFT affiliates are headed by former staff people.) With the merger of the AFT and NEA affiliates in New York State in 1972, AFT became a major national union.
Selden's new prominence as head of a major union, and his opposition to the Vietnam War, landed him on the master list of Nixon political opponents.
The New York merger also meant that AFT had grown large enough for George Meany, president of the AFL-CIO, to judge that the teachers' union deserved a seat on the Big Labor's all-powerful executive council. AFL-CIO rules then required a council member to hold "a unique constitutional office" in his own union. In the AFT only the president and the secretary-treasurer held such offices.
Shanker, now head of AFT's New York City local, the United Federation of Teachers, was one of two dozen AFT vice presidents; he held, that is, a constitutionally non-unique position. But he wanted that AFL-CIO Council seat; and Meany, a hawk on Vietnam who had denied the dovish George McGovern labor's endorsement two years earlier, would not give the seat to the equally dovish Selden. Shanker, equally a hawk, had the AFT executive council create the position of "executive vice president" and elect him, Shanker, to the position. Though the AFT constitution said nothing about an executive vice president, Meany wanted Shanker and Meany persuaded the AFL-CIO Council to add Shanker to its ranks.
Sensitive to criticism of the two power plays—Meany's and his own—Shanker challenged his erstwhile friend and mentor Selden for the AFT presidency in 1974. He lined up nearly all the other AFT vice presidents in support of his candidacy. At the AFT's annual convention that year, in Toronto, Shanker buried Selden, winning almost 80 percent of the delegates' votes.
Selden retreated to Michigan where he remained active for several years in various union posts, including a spell as executive director of a local American Association of University Professors chapter.
He died in Kalamazoo, Michigan, of heart failure, a complication of a stroke he suffered two years prior.
References
Selden, David. Teacher Rebellion. Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1985. . Gregory S. Kearse, associate editor.
"Former AFT President Dave Selden dies." New York Teacher. May 25, 1998.
1914 births
1998 deaths
American Federation of Teachers people
Leaders of organizations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Selden
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"Zovi, samo zovi" (Serbo-Croatian for Call, just call) is a Croatian and Serbian patriotic song. It is also known as "" (lit. "Oh Croatia Our Mother") in Croatia and "" ("Oh Serbia Our Mother") in Serbia. It was most commonly known as "Jugoslavska mati" during the early days of Yugoslavia and served a similar purpose as "" in France.
The early lyrics (zovi, samo zovi) originated during World War I and spread as a South Slavic rallying cry, with the additional verses added later.
Origins
The rise of Pan-Slavism in the 19th century led to calls for unity within the South Slavic people, including Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. Proponents of the movement believed in unifying the South Slavic people through similarities in their language, culture, and ethnicity. It was during this time in Prague that the Sokol, or falcon movement was founded and quickly spread throughout the Slavic lands. The Sokol would become a popular motif in national songs and writings during both the times of Austria-Hungary and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
One of the earliest writings of the song were found in the 1919 journal Jugoslavenska Njiva, where the local people were described as singing "Zovi, samo zovi" along with "" and "". Other lyrics were not combined together until years later. "Jugoslavska mati" (Yugoslavia mother) appeared separately at first, then was combined with "zovi, samo zovi". Various regions of Yugoslavia were added into the lyrics, including those in Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro.
Croatian lyrics
One of the early mentions of the lyrics "zovi samo zovi" comes from the writings of Croatian author Slavko Ježić in a 1923 publication describing the singing in the streets of Zagreb: "And indeed, out of the streets there was loud singing in the room: Call, just call! / All the falcons / Will give their life for you!" (I doista, vani s ulice dopiralo je u sobu bučno pjevanje: Zovi, samo zovi! / Svi će sokolovi / Za te život dati!) In 1929, it is mentioned by writer and publisher Alfons Hribar in his book (U vezu razmišljan o našoj narodnoj tragediji i đačkim nasim manifestacijama srpsko-hrvatske omladine "zovi samo zovi!" i narodni nas genij zove, jer je kucnuo odlučan čas, a mi Hrvati-)
Serbian lyrics
Petar Pekić in his 1939 book "History of the liberation of Vojvodina" mentions that this song with the lyrics "Oj Srbijo mati, nemoj tugovati" was first sang in 1918 among the Serbs in southern Banat.
In popular culture
The generic fans chant "Zovi, samo zovi" is included in FIFA World Cup 2002 video game, regardless of which national teams are playing the match.
References
External links
http://www.crolinks.com/cromusic/o/ojhrvats.htm
Click here to listen to a version of the song: Oj Hrvatska mati
Lyrics of the song
Serbian patriotic songs
Croatian patriotic songs
Culture of Republika Srpska
Year of song unknown
Songwriter unknown
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zovi%2C%20samo%20zovi
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Sirba Abbay is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Kamashi Zone, Sirba Abbay is bordered by the Oromia Region on the southwest, by Asosa Zone and Sudan on the west, by the Abay River on the north and east which separates it from the Metekel Zone, and by Agalo Mite on the southeast.
The book Mystery of the Nile narrates how one of the authors, Pasquale Scaturro, had been detained at the administrative center of Sirba Abay by the woreda administrator, Faisa Ayana, while travelling down the Abay in 2004. Near the administrative center there was a missionary station run by a Norwegian church.
This woreda is located on the southern slopes of the Abay River, with elevations ranging from approximately 2500 meters above sea level in the south to just under 1000 meters at the bottom of the Abay valley.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 17,996, of whom 9,192 were men and 8,804 were women; 2,725 or 15.14% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they were Protestant, with 48.62% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 29.7% of the population were Moslem, 14.51% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, 5.54% practiced traditional beliefs, and 1.27% were Catholic.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 12,230, of whom 6,341 are men and 5,889 are women. With an estimated area of 1,308.44 square kilometers, Sirba Abbay has a population density of 9.3 people per square kilometer which is greater than the Zone average of 7.61. Information is lacking on the towns of this woreda.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 9,221 in 1,818 households, of whom 4,802 were men and 4,419 were women; no urban inhabitants were reported for this woreda. The two largest ethnic groups reported in Sirba Abbay were the Gumuz (75.6%), and the Oromo (22.7%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.3% of the population. Gumuz is spoken as a first language by 68%, and Oromiffa by 29.6%; the remaining 0.2% spoke all other primary languages reported. Most of the inhabitants were Protestant, with 43.6% of the population reporting they professed that religion, while 31.7% were Muslim, and 25.4% observed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity. Concerning education, 8.49% of the population were considered literate, which is less than the Zone average of 11.36%; 7.52% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school, a negligible number of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school, and none of the inhabitants aged 15–18 in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 0.6% of all houses had access to safe drinking water, and 0.8% had toilet facilities at the time of the census.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirba%20Abbay
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The National Party is a political party in the Solomon Islands.
At the legislative elections on 5 April 2006, the party won 6.9% of the vote and 4 out of 50 seats.
References
Political parties in the Solomon Islands
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Party%20%28Solomon%20Islands%29
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K sus2 is an EP by Hong Kong singer Kay Tse, released on 2 June 2006.
Track listing
"Follow Me" (跟我走)
"Filipino Love Song" (菲情歌)
"Gloomy Festival" (愁人節)
"A Deadly Journey" (亡命之徒)
"I Love Tea Diner"(我愛茶餐廳)
"A Deadly Journey" (亡命之徒) (4AM Electro Mix featuring DJ Tszpun & Seasons Lee)
Kay Tse albums
2006 EPs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%20sus2
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WOUB may refer to:
WOUB (AM), a radio station (1340 AM) licensed to serve Athens, Ohio, United States
WOUB-FM, a radio station (91.3 FM) licensed to serve Athens, Ohio
WOUB-TV, a television station (channel 32, virtual 20) licensed to serve Athens, Ohio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOUB
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24 Hour Fitness is a privately owned and operated fitness center chain headquartered in Carlsbad, California. It is the second largest fitness chain in the United States based on revenue after LA Fitness, and the fourth in number of clubs (behind LA Fitness, Anytime Fitness & Gold's Gym), operating 287 clubs across 11 U.S. states. The company was originally founded by Mark S. Mastrov and was sold to Forstmann Little & Co in 2005, and then to AEA investors and Ontario Teachers Pension Plan in 2014.
After COVID-19 forced gym closures and ravaged the fitness industry in 2020, the company filed for bankruptcy in June 2020, closed over 100 clubs, and successfully emerged from bankruptcy under new owners Sculptor Capital Investments LLC, Monarch Alternative Capital LP and Cyrus Capital Partners LP in December, 2020.
Despite the chain's name, many of the gyms are not open 24 hours a day.
History
Early history and founding
24 Hour Fitness was founded in 1983 by Mark Mastrov. Mastrov had been using a local gym for rehab after a knee injury, and turned the gym into a 24-hour nautilus facility after buying out the owner. The company was originally named "24 Hour Nautilus", but merged with southern California based company "Family Fitness" in 1996, which resulted in both brands emerging as "24 Hour Fitness"
2004–2008: Olympics and other sponsorships
In 2004, 24 Hour Fitness became a sponsor of the 2004–2008 United States Olympic teams. The sponsorship grants memberships to some U.S. Olympic hopefuls, and includes upgrades to some U.S. Olympic Training Centers across the country, including renovation of the facility in Colorado Springs, Colorado, in 2004 to be followed by Lake Placid, New York, and Chula Vista, California.
24 Hour Fitness partnered with NBC to develop a reality show, The Biggest Loser, which features 12 to 22 overweight contestants competing to lose weight over several million dollars. The show first aired in late 2004.
Beginning in 2005, 24 Hour Fitness partnered with cyclist Lance Armstrong co-sponsored the Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team. That same year, 24 Hour Fitness opened its first Lance Armstrong Signature Club. 24 Hour Fitness cut their ties with Armstrong in 2012 after his doping scandal.
2009–present: Acquisition and other operations
24 Hour Fitness formerly had some 15 clubs in Singapore and China. Besides the United States, it had centers in Singapore and Hong Kong, Beijing and Shanghai in China) through its wholly owned subsidiary California Fitness (CalFit). Its European clubs closed in the early 2000s. CalFit was sold to Ansa Group, a Hong Kong company in 2012; 24 Hour Fitness became an exclusively US gym chain.
Its former affiliate and spinoff California Wow Xperience (CalWowX), a California Fitness offshoot, formerly had member swap agreements with both 24 Hour, then only California Fitness, and at its height ran gyms located in Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Pattaya in Thailand, including one female-only club.
In August 2012, the owner of 24 Hour Fitness put the 416 location gym chain on the auction block with a price tag reported to have been close to $2 billion. After being courted by various interests for over six months, ultimately in January 2012, the board of directors took 24 Hour Fitness off the market. Offers reportedly fell short of the asking price.
In May 2014, Forstmann Little & Co. reportedly sold 24 Hour Fitness Worldwide Inc. for $1.85 billion to an investment group led by AEA Investors LP and the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan.
In April 2020, due to the coronavirus gym closings, the company was exploring the option of filing for bankruptcy within the next few months. In June 2020, the company officially declared bankruptcy and indicated plans to close over 130 gyms. In December 2020, the company successfully emerged from bankruptcy.
Operations
As of 2023, 24 Hour Fitness operates nearly 280 clubs in eleven states California, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Texas, Washington and Virginia), with more than 7,500 employees. Its major competitors in the US are Anytime Fitness, Gold's Gym and LA Fitness.
Criticisms
On July 31, 2007, 24 Hour Fitness settled a class-action lawsuit brought against it by 1.8 million current and former members. The plaintiffs claimed damages for the continuation of automatic withdrawals by 24 Hour Fitness long after their monthly memberships were canceled by request. In McCardle vs 24 Hour Fitness USA, Inc., the Alameda County Court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs of the class-action lawsuit. In 2010, the court found that 24 Hour Fitness did not act in good faith after denying members who purchased an "All Club" membership access to rebranded locations without charging additional fees not disclosed in the original contract.
Six former employees of 24 Hour Fitness filed a separate class-action lawsuit on July 13, 2010. This lawsuit was brought in the State of California pursuant to allegations that 24 Hour Fitness discriminated based on race and gender in their promotion practices. The claimants are either females, minorities, or both.
Ratings and reviews
, 805 complaints had been registered against 24 Hour Fitness with the Better Business Bureau (BBB) in the previous three years, 276 in the previous 12 months. 24 Hour Fitness has an A+ rating with the BBB.
References
Health care companies established in 1983
American companies established in 1983
Health clubs in the United States
Companies based in San Ramon, California
Private equity portfolio companies
Privately held companies based in California
1983 establishments in California
Medical and health organizations based in California
2014 mergers and acquisitions
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2020
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24%20Hour%20Fitness
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Andre Hartman (born in Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa, 9 August 1953) is a South African diving guide best known for his work with great white sharks. In a Discovery Channel documentary known as "Great White Sharks: Uncaged" he is filmed free-diving unprotected with several great white sharks.
He is also seen free-diving with a white shark along with Jean-Michel Cousteau in one of Cousteau's documentaries, where he shows Jean-Michel how to grab a ride on the shark's dorsal fin. Another video, from Tow Surfing Adventures, shows Andre not only free-diving with a white, but petting it as it swims by, and even touching its nose as it opens its mouth toward him.
Hartman also appeared on an episode of MTV's "Wildboyz", in which Steve O and Chris Pontius jumped off a boat with a great white shark.
Hartman also did a trip with Steve Irwin off Gansbaai, South Africa in 2004.
In February 2004, while chumming the waters during a cage-diving expedition, Andre's foot was bitten by a great white shark as they dangled over the edge of his boat. The South African newspapers claimed that Andre was free-diving with the sharks in the chummed water at the time of the incident, which is illegal in South Africa. The actual sequence of events that took place are disputed. Andre's foot never fully recovered.
References
Shark attack: Official probe
External links
"White Sharks" - TSA video of Andre Hartman
Homepage of Andre Hartman
Living people
Shark attack victims
1953 births
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre%20Hartman
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Kamashi is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Kamashi Zone, it is bordered by the Didessa River on the east which separates it from Yaso and Belo Jegonfoy, by the Oromia Region on the south and west, and by Agalo Mite on the northwest.
This woreda is located on the western slopes of the Didessa River, with elevations ranging from approximately 2000 meters above sea level in the west to just under 1000 meters at the bottom of the Didessa valley. Notable high points in Kamashi include Mount Dade.
The administrative center of this woreda is named Kamashi; population details of this town are not available. Local tradition reports that the first mosque in what is now Benishangul-Gumuz was founded in Kamashi during the early 19th century by a Bidari trader, 'Ummad wad al-Hajj. Ethiopia Call Ministry, an NGO, has announced that they will begin construction of a modern hospital in Kamashi, starting January 2007. Budgeted at 35 million Birr, construction of the hospital is expected to take three years. On 24 July 2009, the Ethiopian Roads Authority announced that it had completed a gravel road 72 kilometers in length between Kamashi and Yaso woredas at a cost of 149 Birr.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 17,883, of whom 9,170 were men and 8,713 were women; 5,917 or 33.09% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they were Protestant, with 66% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 29.7% of the population practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 2.64% practiced traditional beliefs.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 11,055, of whom 5,679 are men and 5,376 are women. With an estimated area of 1,622.50 square kilometers, Kamashi has a population density of 6.8 people per square kilometer which is less than the Zone average of 7.61.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 8,335 in 1,611 households, of whom 4,301 were men and 4,034 were women. The two largest ethnic groups reported in Kamashi woreda were the Gumuz (81.4%), and the Oromo (17.4%); all other ethnic groups made up 1.2% of the population. Gumuz is spoken as a first language by 81%, and Oromiffa by 17.8%; the remaining 1.2% spoke all other primary languages reported. The largest group of the inhabitants practiced traditional religions, with 43.6% of the population reporting beliefs reported under that category, while 29.5% are Protestant, and 19.3% were Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity. Concerning education, 17.83% of the population were considered literate, which is more than the Zone average of 11.36%; 9.24% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school, while a negligible number of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school and the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 0.9% of all houses had access to safe drinking water, and 2.2% had toilet facilities at the time of the census.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamashi%20%28Ethiopian%20District%29
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The Breweries & Bottleyards Employees Industrial Union of Workers WA (BBEIUW (WA)) is a trade union in Australia. It is affiliated with the Australian Council of Trade Unions.
References
External links
BBEIUW (WA) at the ACTU.
Trade unions in Western Australia
Food processing trade unions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breweries%20%26%20Bottleyards%20Employees%20Industrial%20Union%20of%20Workers%20WA
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Agalo Mite is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Kamashi Zone, it is bordered by Kamashi woreda on the southeast, the Oromia Region on the southwest, Sirba Abbay on the northwest, the Abay River on the north (which separates it from the Metekel Zone), and by the Didessa River on the northeast (which separates it from Yaso).
This woreda is located on the southern slopes of the Didessa and Abay Rivers, with elevations ranging from approximately 2500 meters above sea level in the southwest to just under 1000 meters at the bottom of the Abay valley.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 22,774, of whom 11,476 were men and 11,298 were women; 2,073 or 9.1% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they were Protestant, with 76.54% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 14.98% of the population practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, 5.42% practiced traditional beliefs, and 2.44% were Catholic.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 18,824, of whom 9,350 are men and 9,474 are women. With an estimated area of 1,519.07 square kilometers, Agalo Mite has an estimated population density of 12.4 people per square kilometer which is greater than the Zone average of 7.61. Information is lacking on the towns of this woreda.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 14,190 in 2,489 households, of whom 7,081 were males and 7,109 were females; no urban inhabitants were reported. The two largest ethnic groups reported in Agalo Mite were the Gumuz (77.6%), and the Oromo (22%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.3% of the population. Gumuz is spoken as a first language by 78%, and Oromifa by 22%; the remaining 0.2% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants followed traditional beliefs, with 53.6% of the population reporting beliefs reported under that category, while 30.8% were Protestant, and 13% observed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity. Concerning education, 12.28% of the population were considered literate, which is more than the Zone average of 11.36%; 7.82% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school, a negligible number of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school, and none of the inhabitants aged 15–18 in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 7.2% of all houses had access to safe drinking water, and 3.7% had toilet facilities at the time of the census.
Notes
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agalo%20Mite
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New Hampton School is an independent college preparatory high school in New Hampton, New Hampshire, United States. It has 305 students from over 30 states and 22 countries. The average class size is eleven, and the student-faculty ratio is five to one. New Hampton School does not require a uniform.
New Hampton School is a member of the Independent Schools Association of Northern New England and is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges. The school became an International Baccalaureate World School in 2010.
History
New Hampton School was founded on June 27, 1821, as a Free Will Baptist-oriented, coeducational institution. On that day the State of New Hampshire issued a charter to the New Hampton Academy, "having had three several readings," before the House of Representatives. That charter, issued to William B. Kelley, Nathaniel Norris and Joshua Drake, provided the framework for the institution that would become the New Hampton School and emphasized the "promotion of science and the useful arts." The school was later known as the known as the New Hampton Literary and Theological Institution. From 1854 to 1870, the Cobb Divinity School was affiliated with the institute before moving to Bates College in Maine.
Between 1925 and 1970 the school was a non-denominational school for boys. It returned to coeducation in 1970.
Academics
New Hampton School offers the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program and Advanced Placement classes.
Athletics
The program admits fifth-year senior basketball players who seek an additional year of preparation before entering a Division I career. Recent examples include Will Davis and Travis Souza, both of whom went on to UC Irvine.
Notable alumni
Myles Ambrose (1926-2014), Commissioner of Customs under President Richard Nixon
Zach Auguste, basketball player
Nahum Josiah Bachelder, governor of New Hampshire 1903–1905
Cayla Barnes, ice hockey player for Boston College and US Women's National Team, 2018 Olympic gold medalist
Jamaal Branch, NFL running back
Elijah Bryant, professional basketball player for Maccabi Tel Aviv of the Israeli Premier League and the EuroLeague
Oren B. Cheney founder of Bates College
Nathan Clifford, United States Supreme Court justice
Aubrey Dawkins, basketball player
Daniel C. Eddy, Speaker of Massachusetts House of Representatives, clergyman, hymnwriter
Olivier Hanlan, basketball player
Benjamin Franklin Hayes (1836-1905), state legislator, banker, and judge
John Alfred Hayes, Civil War surgeon
Roberto Hernandez, Major League Baseball player
Harrison Carroll Hobart, Union Army colonel, second Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Marv Hubbard, football player
Robert D. Kennedy, former CEO, Union Carbide
Tyler Lydon, basketball player
Samuel W. McCall, governor of Massachusetts
Rashad McCants, professional basketball player
Hubie McDonough, professional hockey and basketball player, college and professional athletic administrator
Wes Miller, basketball coach
Lawrence Moten, professional basketball player
Walter R. Peterson, Jr., governor of New Hampshire
Will Rayman (born 1997), American-Israeli basketball player for Hapoel Haifa in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
Michael Scanlan, president of Franciscan University of Steubenville
Richard W. Sears, member of the Vermont state senate
Pete Seibert, founder, Vail Ski Resort
Ray Shero, National Hockey League administrator
Darius Songaila, professional basketball player
Jared Terrell (born 1995), basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
Jeffrey K. Tulis, political scientist
Noah Vonleh, professional basketball player
Lydia Fowler Wadleigh, educator
John Wentworth, newspaper editor, mayor of Chicago and member of Congress
References
External links
School website
Preparatory schools in New Hampshire
Private high schools in New Hampshire
Schools in Belknap County, New Hampshire
Boarding schools in New Hampshire
New Hampton, New Hampshire
Free Will Baptist schools
Educational institutions established in 1821
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Hampton%20School
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The Christian Alliance Party is a political party in the Solomon Islands. At the 2006 Solomon Islands general election, the party received 3,613 votes (1.9% of the total) and won no seats.
It did not contest the 2014 general election.
References
Christian political parties
Political parties in the Solomon Islands
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Alliance%20Party
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The Lafari Party is a political party in the Solomon Islands, which was founded in 2005.
At the legislative elections on 5 April 2006, the party won 2.8% of the vote and 2 out of 50 seats.
References
Political parties in the Solomon Islands
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafari%20Party
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Bolo Jiganfo is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia. Part of the Kamashi Zone, it is bordered on the west by the Didessa River, which separates it from Kamashi, on the north by the Hanger River which separates it from Yaso, and by Oromia region in the east and south; parts of the woreda are enclaves in the Oromia region.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 30,143, of whom 15,983 were men and 14,160 were women; 2,762 or 9.16% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 46.39% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 44.55% of the population were Protestant, 4.57% were Muslim, 2.15% practiced traditional beliefs, and 1.55% were Catholic.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 14,943, of whom 7,624 are men and 7,319 are women. With an estimated area of 1,611.88 square kilometers, Belo Jegonfoy has an estimated population density of 9.3 people per square kilometer which is greater than the Zone average of 7.61. Information is lacking on the towns of this woreda.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 11,266 in 2,391 households, of whom 5,774 were men and 5,492 were women; no urban inhabitants were recorded. The three largest ethnic groups reported in Bolo Jiganfo were the Gumuz (69.4%), the Berta (19.8%), and the Oromo (10%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.8% of the population. Gumuz is spoken as a first language by 69.6%, Berta by 19.8%, and Oromiffa by 9.8%; the remaining 0.8% spoke all other primary languages reported. Concerning religion, the largest group of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 46.4% of the population reporting they professed that religion, while 24% were Protestant, and 21.4% observed traditional religions. Concerning education, 8.05% of the population were considered literate, which is less than the Zone average of 11.36%; 8.83% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school, a negligible number of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school, and none of the inhabitants aged 15–18 in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 1.9% of all houses had access to safe drinking water, and 2% had toilet facilities at the time of the census.
References
Districts of Benishangul-Gumuz Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belo%20Jegonfoy
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The 1998 Oldham Council election took place on 7 May 1998 to elect members of Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council in Greater Manchester, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council.
After the election, the composition of the council was:
Labour 36
Liberal Democrat 23
Independent 1
Campaign
Before the election Labour ran the council with 35 councillors as compared to 24 for the Liberal Democrats. The election was mainly fought between these 2 parties with the Liberal Democrats campaigning on local issues under a slogan of "open, local, clean and green". They said that Labour were arrogant and complacent, while Labour attacked the Liberal Democrats for being irresponsible on public spending and opportunistic.
Election result
Overall turnout in the election was 31%.
References
1998 English local elections
1998
1990s in Greater Manchester
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20Oldham%20Metropolitan%20Borough%20Council%20election
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The Solomon Islands Democratic Party is a political party in Solomon Islands. In a country in which political parties tend to be small and transient, and to obtain very few seats in Parliament, the Democratic Party has played a comparatively major role in recent history.
History
Gabriel Suri, a lawyer, founded the party in October 2005. It was to focus on "ethical leadership" for the country. Its general secretary, John Keniapisia, described that as a leadership founded on a relationship with God: "Political leadership is about nation building. Political leadership is also about God's calling for men & women to be involved in Kingdom building, here on earth, knowing that everything we do is a calling from God. Therefore we are answerable to Him. Our focus must be on things of eternal value. In everything we do, we must intent on doing it for the glory of God". The Democratic Party would also promote "indigenous rule", ensuring indigenous "control over the destiny of the country" and empowering "traditional decision making process[es]".
In the April 2006 general election, the party just obtained just three seats (out of fifty) in the National Parliament, with 4.9% of the vote. Nonetheless, when newly elected Prime Minister Snyder Rini resigned the following month in the face of a vote of no confidence, the Democrats joined Manasseh Sogavare's Grand Coalition for Change Government. In November 2007, the Democrats withdrew their support from Sogavare, supporting a successful motion of no confidence to oust him, and became a key part of new Prime Minister Derek Sikua's Coalition for National Unity and Rural Advancement government. The party gained a fourth member when it was joined by a sitting MP. Subsequent floor-crossing brought its number of MPs up to at least six.
In government under Sikua, the party was described as "instrumental" in ensuring the introduction of "significant reforms such as the Political Party Reform Bills, the establishment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and the establishment of the taskforce team to undertake study for creation of an Independent Commission Against Corruption".
The party's general secretary, John Keniapisia, stated in 2009 that one of its main objectives were to "push for the country to develop a stronger relationship with God". He also supported the Political Parties Integrity Bill, in the name of "political stability".
Leading the Democrats into the August 2010 general election, party leader Steve Abana campaigned on a promise of "more recognition to tribal landowners by registering all tribal lands in the name of tribes"; "the implementation of a National Adaptation Plan to address climate change for the most vulnerable communities; a focus to improve the standard of living in villages consistent with the Millennium Development Goals"; a pledge "to ensure that 80 percent of energy in the country be produced from renewable resources"; and electoral reform to introduce preferential voting. The party's platform also included "push[ing] for the development of a national university based on Malaita", and developing economic and trade relations with the People's Republic of China, without departing from the country's diplomatic recognition of the Republic of China (Taiwan).
In the 2010 election, the Democratic Party became by far the largest single party in Parliament, winning thirteen seats out of fifty. (No other party obtained more than three seats.) Democratic MP and leader Steve Abana then sought to be elected Prime Minister by his peers. He succeeded in obtaining the votes of 23 MPs, but was defeated by Danny Philip (of the People's Progressive Party), who was elected with 26. Four days later, on 31 August, Abana officially became Leader of the Opposition, and appointed a Shadow Cabinet, in which Democrats held ten of the nineteen Shadow Ministries. Two other Democrats, however, had already defected to the government, obtaining positions in Prime Minister Philip's Cabinet; they were later joined by Stanley Sofu, who had been Abana's Shadow Minister for Infrastructure Development, but who accepted a position as Minister for Public Service. Thus, of the Democratic Party's thirteen MPs, nine were Shadow Ministers, two were Ministers, and the other two were backbenchers.
The party's National Executive during the lead-up to the 2010 election consisted in President John Ini Lapli, Vice-President Dr. Alice Pollard, Treasurer Gideon Zoleveke (Jnr), general secretary John Keniapisia and Party Leader Steve Abana.
In November 2011, the party renewed its leadership. Mathew Wale became party leader, while Dr. Alice Pollard became party president. At this stage, the party was still officially in Parliament, but had experienced "the defection of almost three-quarters" of its parliamentary members (including Steve Abana) to the government benches.
References
Political parties in the Solomon Islands
Political parties established in 2005
2005 establishments in the Solomon Islands
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%20Islands%20Democratic%20Party
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Louis Turenne (November 26, 1933 – 25 July 2006) was a Canadian actor.
From 1977 to 1978, he played the role of Anthony Saxon on The Edge of Night.
Turenne was known for his work on the Babylon 5 television series. He played the Minbari Draal in the first season two-part episode "A Voice in the Wilderness". The producers later cast him in the recurring role of Brother Theo, the leader of a group of Catholic monks who came to live on the station. He also played "The Fireside Gourmet" in the 1988 coming-of-age film Mystic Pizza.
External links
1933 births
2006 deaths
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Male actors from Montreal
French Quebecers
Male actors from Ontario
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Turenne
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The Solomon Islands Party for Rural Advancement (SIPRA) is a political party in the Solomon Islands.
At the legislative elections on 5 April 2006, the party won 6.3% of the vote and 4 out of 50 seats.
References
Political parties in the Solomon Islands
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%20Islands%20Party%20for%20Rural%20Advancement
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Albert Boynton Storms (April 1, 1860 – July 1, 1933) was a professor, university administrator, and Methodist theologian. He was President of Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa; and the second president of Baldwin-Wallace College, Berea, Ohio.
Education
Storms was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1860. He graduated the public schools of Ann Arbor and then attended the University of Michigan, earning his A.B. in 1883, and his master's degree in 1884.
Early career
Storms immediately entered the ministry, in the Detroit conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1884, and apprenticing until his ordination in 1886. During this time, he served in numerous pastorates in Franklin, Michigan, Hudson, Michigan, Harper Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church and Gass Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church in Detroit. He then served in churches in Madison, Wisconsin, and Des Moines, Iowa.
College Administrator
Storms' reputation grew, and he was given the post of President of the Iowa State College, (now, Iowa State University) in 1903. During this period, Storms was awarded honorary doctorates from Lawrence University in 1903 and Drake University in 1905. Storms' skills as an administrator would blossom during this period.
Return to Ministry
After seven years at Iowa State, Storms returned to the ministry. He served as pastor of the Central Avenue Methodist Church in Indianapolis, Indiana until 1915. He was instrumental in the Indianapolis Conference, and his skills did not go unnoticed. He was called to serve as the Second President of Baldwin-Wallace College in 1918.
Return to Academia
When Storms arrived at Baldwin-Wallace, the fledgling college was in much disarray. The first president of the college, Arthur Louis Breslich was ousted by the student body for what appeared to be pro-German sentiments during the First World War. His fifteen years at Baldwin- Wallace were marked with phenomenal growth. To his credit, the College might have failed without his dillegence.
Storms oversaw the growth of enrollments, endowments, programs, and faculty during the postbellum period. He was the last college president to teach regular classes on top of his busy schedule as president.
References
Sources
Iowa State University", (1904-1924) Alumni Magazine
Baldwin-Wallace College Archives Memoir of Albert Boynton Storms, Alumnus Magazine
External links
Encyclopedia of Baldwin Wallace History: Albert Boynton Storms
1860 births
1933 deaths
University of Michigan alumni
Presidents of Iowa State University
American Methodist clergy
Presidents of Baldwin Wallace University
Academics from Ann Arbor, Michigan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Boynton%20Storms
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France had a permanent embassy to the Ottoman Empire beginning in 1535, during the time of King Francis I and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. It is considered to have been the direct predecessor of the modern-day embassy to the Republic of Turkey.
List of ambassadors
Under the Ancien Régime
Ambassadors of Ancien Régime France. Embassy established in Constantinople.
The first ambassador was preceded by an envoy: Jean Frangipani.
Jean de la Forét 1535–1538
Antonio Rincon 1538–1541
Antoine Escalin des Eymars 1541–1547
Gabriel de Luetz d'Aramont 1547–1553
Michel de Codignac 1553–1556
Jean Cavenac de la Vigne 1556–1566
Guillaume de Grandchamp de Grantrie 1566–1571
François de Noailles 1571–1575
Gilles de Noailles 1575–1579
Jacques de Germigny 1579–1585
Jacques Savary de Lancosme 1585–1589
François Savary de Brèves 1589–1607
Jean-François de Gontaut-Biron 1607–1611
Achille de Harlay 1611–1620
Philippe de Harlay 1620–1631
Henry de Gournay 1631–1639
Jean de La Hay 1639–1665
Denis de La Haye 1665–1670
Charles Marie François Olier, marquis de Nointel 1670–1679
Gabriel de Guilleragues 1679–1686
Pierre de Girardin 1686–1689
Pierre Antoine Castagneres 1689–1692
Charles de Ferriol 1692–1711
Pierre Puchot 1711–1716
Jean-Louis d'Usson 1716
Jean-Baptiste Louis Picon 1724–1728
Louis Sauveur Villeneuve 1728–1741
Michel-Ange Castellane 1741–1747
Roland Puchot 1747–1755
Charles Gravier de Vergennes 1755–1768
François Emmanuel Guignard 1768–1784
Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier 1784–1792
French Revolution and First French Empire
Ambassadors under the French Revolution and First French Empire.
Charles Louis Huguet 1792–1796 – in name only
Raymond de Verninac Saint-Maur (1795 -1797)
Jean-Baptiste Annibal Aubert du Bayet 1796–1797
Guillaume Marie-Anne Brune 1802–1806
Horace François Sébastiani 1806–1812
Antoine François Andréossy 1812–1815
1815–1914
Ambassadors under the Bourbon Restoration, July Monarchy, Second Republic, Second Empire and Third Republic.
Charles François de Riffardeau, marquis de Rivière 1815–1821
1821–1823
Armand Charles Guilleminot 1823–1832
Albin Reine Roussin 1832–1839
Edouard Pontois 1839–1841
1844–1851
Charles La Valette 1851–1853
Edmond de Lacour 1853-1853
Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers 1853–1855
Edouard Antoine de Thouvenel 1855–1860
Charles La Valette 1860–1861
Lionel Désiré Marie François René Moustiers 1861–1866
1866–1870
Louis Dubreuil-Héliou La Gueronnière 1870–1871
Eugène-Melchior de Vogüé 1871–1875
Jean-François Guillaume Bourgoing 1875–1877
1877–1880
1880–1882
Emmanuel Henri Victurnien de Noailles 1882–1886
1886–1891
Paul Cambon 1891–1898
Jean Antoine Ernest Constans 1898–1909
Maurice Bompard 1909–1914
See also
Franco-Ottoman alliance
French Ambassador to Turkey (1925–present)
References
External links
French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ottoman
Ambassadors
France
Ambassadors of France
pl:Francuscy ambasadorzy w Turcji
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ambassadors%20of%20France%20to%20the%20Ottoman%20Empire
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The Polícia de Segurança Pública MHTE (PSP; Public Security Police) is the national civil police force of Portugal. Part of the Portuguese security forces, the mission of the PSP is to defend Republican democracy, safeguarding internal security and the rights of its citizens. Despite many other functions, the force is generally known for policing urban areas with uniformed police officers, while rural areas are normally policed by National Republican Guard (GNR), the country's national gendarmerie force. PSP is focused in preventive policing, only investigating minor crimes. Investigation of serious crimes falls under the Judicial Police responsibility, which is a separate agency.
Since October 2023, the PSP is now in charge of controlling the Portuguese borders (alongside the GNR), with the dissolution of the SEF force.
History
Like most of Europe, until the Middle Ages the defence of public order was the responsibility of local communities, under the authority of feudal lords and courts.
In Portugal, there are few references to the administration of justice until the second half of the 15th century. With the reign of King Afonso V (under the regency of Infante Pedro) came the first ordinances and penal codes, known as the Ordenações Afonsinas. These ordinances were reissued during the reign of King John I in 1514, after various changes under Manuel I. Some of the early judicial measures came from the early nobles. Afonso Henriques ordered the incarceration of women who lived with elements of the clergy, while in the era of Afonso II, under the influence of Visigothic codes and Roman law resulted in the appearance of the first general laws. Similarly, Afonso III punished anyone who assaulted and robbed the home of another. King Pedro I, the Just, decreed that anyone who falsified coins, gold or silver objects would have their hands and feet amputated.
However, criminals were provided shelters by which to flee justice: the churches, monasteries and "privileged" lands. These privileged lands became areas of thieves and criminals, which resulted in King John extinguishing these areas. This was also something that King Fernando did with bairros, and only churches and convents became sanctuaries.
The first corps of police agents, the Quadrilheiros, was created by Fernando I, on 12 September 1383, consisting of 20 members, who were recruited by force from the strongest physical men, to serve Lisbon. These men were subject to the town council for three years, and required to swear fealty and carry a weapon (a staff), which they would display at their homes, representing a symbol of their authority to arrest and direct criminals to the Corregedores (magistrates). Since these men never received payment for their services, and since these activities were dangerous, most chose to escape the responsibility. For most, these services were intolerable, with little prestige, at various times resulting in bruises and wounds in the execution of their tasks. Owing to this, by 1418, these constables were not required to circle the town. Later, Afonso V provided the Quadrilheiros, on 10 June 1460, with several social and economic privileges. However, these would disappear over time.
Even as Afonso V put into action other laws, regulations, advisories and ordinances, many were ineffective. King Sebastian promulgated laws on 31 January 1559, 17 January 1570, 12 July and 13 August 1571, to reinforce the laws of Fernando I, Edward and Afonso V. To compensate the diminishing benefits of their service, the Quadrilheiros were exempt from paying taxes or military service. Sebastian also ordered that Lisbon be divided into barrios, and that each should be administered by an official of justice, with discretionary powers. On 12 March 1603, King Philip II ordered new regulations for the Quadrilheiros to reinforce their authority. The Lisbon Council, on 30 January 1617, determined that Quadrilheiros should have a label over their doors to identify them, and that the King should confer on them special privileges, such as sitting at the council table. King John IV of Portugal provided a new charter, and a decree on 29 November 1644, forced them (under terrible sanctions) to serve the public, working in the day and evenings. By the first half of the 18th century, little had improved. There continued to be a lack of policing, resulting in leis in 1701, 1702 and 1714. As new circuits were created to blanket the city, many of the criminals were aware that the laws transformed the situation into forgettable enclaves. The Quadrilheiros continued to be a poor class, due to their limitations, resulting in poor public order.
After the 1755 Lisbon earthquake new laws and resolutions were established to maintain public order and reduce anarchy. Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, the Marquess of Pombal, found it necessary to create an organism to centralize all laws. By law, on 25 June 1760, he created the Intendência da Polícia da Corte e do Reino (Police Quartermaster of the Court and the Kingdom), and the position of Intendente-Geral da Polícia da Corte e do Reino (Quartermaster-General), with unlimited jurisdiction. The first Quartermaster-General was Inácio Ferreira Souto, at the same time that the term polícia (police) was commonly used, and the Quadrilheiros were relegated to the evenings. However, this foundation did little to resolve criminal issues, and locks on doors, grades on windows and blunderbusses beside the bed continued to be important. The Intendente-Geral was preoccupied with pursuing those who spoke badly of the King, Government or Pombal himself.
Between 1760 and 1780, chaos persisted. By decree, on 18 January 1780, Queen Maria I of Portugal named the old Criminal Judge for the Bairro do Castelo de S. Jorge, Diogo Inácio de Pina Manique, Intendente-Geral. Instructed in laws at the University of Coimbra, he became a powerful chief: he began by expunging the police services of criminal elements, and took advantage of all laws to arrest all criminals or suspects in the Alfama, Mouraria, Bairro Alto and Madragoa, reorganizing the services and bringing a level of respectability to the department.
Around the same time, the Guarda Real de Polcia (Police Royal Guar') was founded on 25 December 1801, a militarized cavalry corps. While correctional "houses" were established, the Polícia Sanitária (Sanitary Police) was established to curb prostitution. The Casa Pia de Lisboa was founded to collect abandoned children. As the Police Royal Guard was overwhelmed with customs supervision, the Guarda das Barreiras was created, later to be replaced by the Guarda das Alfândegas (Customs Guard). In 1808 the General Loison, at the behest of the Quartermaster-General of the Royal Guard Police, established a Polícia Secreta (Secret Police). In 1823, the Liberal government established the Guarda Nacional (National Guard) and on 23 June 1824, a new secret police was reestablished, the Polícia Preventiva (Preventative Police force). On 21 August 1826 the Guarda Real de Polícia was discontinued.
On 8 November 1833, the position of Intendente-Geral was discontinued with José António Maria de Sousa e Azevedo. All the services of the police, from this period, were transferred to the prefects (later civil governors), of which the Prefect of the Province of Estremadura, Bento Pereira do Carmo, stands out. The police prerogatives of this position remained temporary and territorial, influenced by prefects, general administrators and later civil governors. On 18 April 1835, the kingdom was divided into 17 administrative districts, with a civil governor for each district, and divided into municipalities, civil parishes and ecclesiastical parishes. The civil governors were responsible for public security.
During a period of political confusion caused by the Liberal Wars, the Guarda Real de Polícia was substituted by the Guarda Municipal (Municipal Guard), currently represented by the GNR, then created by Pereira do Carmo. In this entanglement of police institutions, many times contradictory, the Guarda Nacional was dissolved in 1846. Yet, the inconsistency of public security resulted in the 22 February 1838 law, that created a corps to maintain public security in each of the administrative districts of the country. Until this period, the laws, decrees and dispatches that were published provided better results in thefts and murders. The guards and judges, however, felt they were betrayed by threats and reprisals, which resulted in a demoralization of the profession. To remedy this situation, King Luis ordered the publication of a law that founded a corps of civil police (2 July 1867). With the formation of the Corpo de Polícia Civil, the foundations were laid for creating the Public Security Police.
Roles and responsibilities
The PSP has the following police roles and responsibilities:
Preventive Police: includes the prevention of general or organised crime and protection from terrorism guaranteeing the security of people and goods (to the level of petty crime), in areas that are not specifically reserved for the Polícia Judiciária (PJ)
Public Order: this includes the responsibility for intervention and special operations
Administrative Police: this is the administrative arm of the security forces, including the responsibility for acts emanating from the competent authority and some matters of licensing
Exclusive powers: responsible for weapons control, ammunition and explosives, outside the authority of the armed and security forces, as well as guaranteeing the security for personnel of domestic and foreign entities, and other citizens subject to threat of person
Special powers: responsible for airport security and the protection of diplomatic missions both locally and internationally
Special Programs: responsible for educational programs, such as the Safe School, security of the elderly, trade insurance, spring insurance, domestic violence and the Integrated Policing of Proximity Program (PIPP)
Organisation
The Public Security Police is headed by a National Director, who is under the dependency of the Minister of Internal Administration. Its internal organization includes the following components:
National Directorate, including:
National Director
Inspector General
Deputy National Director for operations and security
Deputy National Director for human resources
Deputy National Director for logistics and finance
Educational police establishments, including:
Higher Institute of Police Science and Internal Security (ISCPSI, Instituto Superior de Ciências Policiais e Segurança Interna) - university level police officer academy
Practical School of Police (EPP, Escola Prática de Polícia) - constable training school
Special Police Unit, which includes as its sub-units:
Intervention Corps (CI, Corpo de Intervenção) - riot sub-unit
Personal Security Corps (CSP, Corpo de Segurança Pessoal) - bodyguard sub-unit
Special Operations Group (GOE, Grupo de Operações Especiais) - special operations and anti-terrorist sub-unit
Centre for Inactivation of Explosives and Underground Security (CIEXSS, Centro de Inativação de Explosivos e Segurança em Subsolo) - bomb disposal and underground security sub-unit
Canine Technical Operational Group (GOC, Grupo Operacional Cinotécnico) - police dog sub-unit
Police territorial commands, including
Metropolitan commands (CoMet, comandos metropolitanos): Lisbon and Porto
Regional commands (CR, comandos regionais): Azores and Madeira
District commands (CD, comandos distritais): Faro, Beja, Évora, Portalegre, Setúbal, Santarém, Leiria, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Aveiro, Viseu, Guarda, Braga, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real and Bragança.
The regional and district commands have territorial jurisdiction over, respectively, the corresponding autonomous regions and districts. Despite their designations, the territorial jurisdictions of the metropolitan commands are not the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto but are instead the districts of Lisbon and Porto.
The squad (esquadra in Portuguese) is the traditional basic police sub-unit of the PSP, each being usually headed by a Sub-Commissioner. Most of the squads are responsible for the generic territorial preventive policing of a given area of responsibility, which can be a neighbourhood of a large city or an entire small city. Each of these squads occupies a police station and because of that, by metonymy, the police stations are usually referred to as esquadras in Portugal. Besides the previous, there are also specialized squads (transit, criminal investigation, intervention, airport security, tourism support, etc.).
The minor territorial commands (district commands of Beja, Bragança, Castelo Branco, Évora, Guarda, Portalegre and Viana do Castelo) are directly sub-divided in squads. They usually include two or more territorial generic squads, a transit squad, a criminal investigation squad and an intervention and inspection squad.
In the major territorial commands (metropolitan commands, regional commands and district commands of Aveiro, Braga Coimbra, Faro, Leiria, Santarém, Setúbal, Vila Real and Viseu) there is, however, an intermediate level of sub-unit between them and the squad, this being the division. These commands are thus organized in two or more divisions, each including several squads. The divisions can be generic (named "police divisions" and being responsible for a given area of responsibility) or specialized (transit, criminal investigation, airport security, installations security or public transportation security).
The municipal police of Lisbon and Porto are also manned by PSP members, who retain all their police powers. However, they are not under the operational command of the PSP, but are instead under the direct control of the municipal governments of Lisbon and Porto. These two police forces are thus different from the rest of the municipal police forces of the country, which are made of municipal employees with very limited police powers.
Personnel
As of 2019, the entry level salary for a police officer in the PSP is 789 euros a month.
PSP police personnel is divided into three categories: officers, chiefs and agents. The access to the agent category requires the conclusion of a technical course in the Practical School of Police (EPP) at Torres Novas. The access to the category of chief is made through the promotion from the category of agent, after the conclusion of a specific course also at the EPP. The access to the officer category requires a previous graduation from the Higher Institute of Police Sciences and Internal Security (ISCPSI), a university-level police academy.
The various categories, ranks, insignia and respective main functions are:
Police Officers
Chief Superintendent: National Director of the PSP
Chief Superintendent: Deputy National Director or Inspector General of the PSP
Chief Superintendent: commanding officer of a metropolitan / regional command
Superintendent: commanding officer of a district command or second-in-command of a metropolitan / regional command
Intendent: division commander in a metropolitan / regional command or second-in-command of a district command
Sub-Intendent: division commander in a district command or second-in-command of a division commanded by an intendent
Commissioner: second-in-command of a division commanded by a sub-intendent
Sub-Commissioner: commanding officer of a police squad (police station)
Police Chiefs
Principal Chief: auxiliary of a unit commanding officer
Chief: supervisor of staff and leader of police teams
Police Agents
Principal Agent: a senior principal agent may perform the same functions as a chief, others perform the same functions as an agent
Agent: functions of police constable
ISCPSI Students:
Officer Candidate: student of the 5th year of the Training Course for Police Officers (CFOP)
Cadet: student of the 4th year of the CFOP
Cadet: student of the 3rd year of the CFOP
Cadet: student of the 2nd year of the CFOP
Cadet: student of the 1st year of the CFOP
Vehicles
Models
Since 2004, the Skoda Octavia has been the principal model of patrol car used by the Public Security Police. Since 2018 PSP is receiving hundreds of Renault Captur patrol vehicles, many equipped with Federal Signal push bumpers, to replace older patrol cars. However, a number of other models are also in service, including Nissan Leaf, Renault Zoe, Fiat Tipo, Toyota Avensis and Toyota RAV4 jeeps. Single apprehended Audi R8, BMW i8, Porsche 996 Turbo and Subaru Impreza Prodrive are used as special pursuit cars. Ground speed radar equipped Toyota Avensis and Volkswagen Sharan minivans are used for traffic enforcement, such as some Audi A4 3.0 TDI and Bmw 335i unmarked patrol cars, while some Toyota Hilux pickup trucks and Land Rover Defender jeeps are used for patrolling non urban and mountainous areas.
A huge number vans are also in service, including newer Mercedes-Benz Metris and Sprinter (with flip down wire shield across the windscreen) and Citroën Berlingo to prisoners transport.
The Special Police Unit uses several special vehicles, including MAN tow trucks, Iveco water cannons and armored vehicles, such as two Ford Streit and some Volkswagen Sharan (with flip down wire shield across the windscreen and Federal Signal front push bumper).
Vehicle appearance
PSP vehicles have some lack of uniform appearance due to the successive introduction of new liveries which however are usually only applied to new vehicles, with the existing ones keeping the original old ones.
The most recent livery for the PSP vehicles was introduced in 2014. The basic version of this livery consists in a white body with diagonal blue stripes, the wording "POLÍCIA" (police) in blue sans-serif lettering in the sides, rear and bonnet and a logo with the national colors on the front side panels. For the traffic patrol vehicles there is a variant, which intermediates red stripes with the blue ones and has the wording "TRÂNSITO" (transit) on the rear side panels. Another variant of the livery is its negative version (blue, with the stripes and wording in white) to be applied in vans and special vehicles. The three variants have been applied to most of the vehicles acquired after 2014. However, other vehicles carry older or not standard liveries, namely the 2004 livery (similar to the 2014 livery, but with the wording "POLICIA" in serif letters - which are inclined in the sides - and the PSP coat of arms instead of the national colors logo), the 1991 livery (blue body with doors, trunk and bonnet in white and crossed by red stripes), the 1979 livery (blue body with white front doors), the all blue body (used by most of the vans and special vehicles) and several special police programs (Safe School, Tourism support, etc.) liveries.
A restored Volkswagen Beetle historical patrol car - kept for use in ceremonies and exhibitions - is anachronistically painted with the 1979-1991 livery, instead of the original livery used by the PSP in the 1960s and 1970s, which consisted in a blue body and grey mudguards, with the word "POLÍCIA" on the doors.
Vehicles photos
Equipment
Handguns
: Glock 17
: Glock 19 - Standard issue sidearm
: Heckler and Koch USP Compact
: SIG Sauer GSR - chambered in the .45 ACP
: SIG Sauer SP 2022
: Walther P99
: Desert Eagle in .357 Magnum
Shotguns
: Fabarm SDASS Tactical
: Benelli M3
: Benelli M4
Submachine guns
: Beretta M12
: FN P90
: HK MP5
: HK UMP45
Less Lethal
: FN 303
Rifles
: H&K 416A5
: H&K G36
: H&K G36C
: SIG Sauer MCX
: Accuracy International Arctic Warfare
: Accuracy International AXMC
See also
Polícia Judiciária - Portuguese criminal investigation police
Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) - Portuguese gendarmerie force
Foreigners and Borders Service - Portuguese border and immigration police
Serviço de Informações de Segurança - Portuguese internal security intelligence agency
Autoridade de Segurança Alimentar e Económica - Portuguese food and economical police
Guarda Fiscal - Former Portuguese customs guard
Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado (PIDE) - Former Portuguese border, migration, political and state security police
References
External links
Official website
Law enforcement agencies of Portugal
Portugal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADcia%20de%20Seguran%C3%A7a%20P%C3%BAblica
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The longfin mako shark (Isurus paucus) is a species of mackerel shark in the family Lamnidae, with a probable worldwide distribution in temperate and tropical waters. An uncommon species, it is typically lumped together under the name "mako" with its better-known relative, the shortfin mako shark (I. oxyrinchus). The longfin mako is a pelagic species found in moderately deep water, having been reported to a depth of . Growing to a maximum length of , the slimmer build and long, broad pectoral fins of this shark suggest that it is a slower and less active swimmer than the shortfin mako.
Longfin mako sharks are predators that feed on small schooling bony fishes and cephalopods. Whether this shark is capable of elevating its body temperature above that of the surrounding water like the other members of its family is uncertain, though it possesses the requisite physiological adaptations. Reproduction in this species is aplacental viviparous, meaning the embryos hatch from eggs inside the uterus. In the later stages of development, the unborn young are fed nonviable eggs by the mother (oophagy). The litter size is typically two, but may be as many as eight. The longfin mako is of limited commercial value, as its meat and fins are of lower quality than those of other pelagic sharks; however, it is caught unintentionally in low numbers across its range. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed this species as endangered due to its rarity, low reproductive rate, and continuing bycatch mortality. In 2019, alongside the shortfin mako, the IUCN listed the longfin mako as "Endangered".
Taxonomy and phylogeny
The original description of the longfin mako was published in 1966 by Cuban marine scientist Darío Guitart-Manday, in the scientific journal Poeyana, based on three adult specimens from the Caribbean Sea. An earlier synonym of this species may be Lamiostoma belyaevi, described by Glückman in 1964. However, the type specimen designated by Glückman consists of a set of fossil teeth that could not be confirmed as belonging to the longfin mako, thus the name paucus took precedence over belyaevi, despite being published later. The specific epithet paucus is Latin for "few", referring to the rarity of this species relative to the shortfin mako.
The sister species relationship between the longfin and shortfin mako has been confirmed by several phylogenetic studies based on mitochondrial DNA. In turn, the closest relative of the two mako sharks is the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias). Fossil teeth belonging to the longfin mako have been recovered from the Muddy Creek marl of the Grange Burn formation, south of Hamilton, Australia, and from Mizumani Group in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Both deposits date to the Middle Miocene Epoch (15–11 million years ago (mya)). The oligo-miocene fossil shark tooth taxon Isurus retroflexus may be the ancestor to or even conspecific with the Longfin Mako.
Distribution and habitat
Widely scattered records suggest that the longfin mako shark has a worldwide distribution in tropical and warm-temperate oceans; the extent of its range is difficult to determine due to confusion with the shortfin mako. In the Atlantic Ocean, it is known from the Gulf Stream off the East Coast of the United States, the Caribbean, and southern Brazil in the west, and from the Iberian Peninsula to Ghana in the east, possibly including the Mediterranean Sea and Cape Verde. In the Indian Ocean, it has been reported from the Mozambique Channel. In the Pacific Ocean, it occurs off Japan and Taiwan, northeastern Australia, a number of islands in the Central Pacific northeast of Micronesia, and southern California.
An inhabitant of the open ocean, the longfin mako generally remains in the upper mesopelagic zone during the day and ascends into the epipelagic zone at night. Off Cuba, it is most frequently caught at a depth of and is rare at depths above . Off New South Wales, most catches occur at a depth of , in areas with a surface temperature around .
Description
The longfin mako is the larger of the two mako and the second-largest species in its family (after the great white), reaching upwards of in length and weighing over ; females grow larger than males. The largest reported longfin mako was a female caught off Pompano Beach, Florida, in February 1984. Large specimens can scale over and can scale up to around . This species has a slim, fusiform shape with a long, pointed snout and large eyes that lack nictitating membranes (protective third eyelids). Twelve to 13 tooth rows occur on either side of the upper jaw and 11–13 tooth rows are on either side of the lower jaw. The teeth are large and knife-shaped, without serrations or secondary cusps; the outermost teeth in the lower jaw protrude prominently from the mouth. The gill slits are long and extend onto the top of head.
The pectoral fins are as long or longer than the head, with a nearly straight front margin and broad tips. The first dorsal fin is large with a rounded apex, and is placed behind the pectoral fins. The second dorsal and anal fins are tiny. The caudal peduncle is expanded laterally into strong keels. The caudal fin is crescent-shaped, with a small notch near the tip of the upper lobe. The dermal denticles are elliptical, longer than wide, with three to seven horizontal ridges leading to a toothed posterior margin. The coloration is dark blue to grayish black above and white below. The unpaired fins are dark except for a white rear margin on the anal fin; the pectoral and pelvic fins are dark above and white below with sharp gray posterior margins. In adults and large juveniles, the area beneath the snout, around the jaw, and the origin of the pectoral fins have dusky mottling.
Biology and ecology
The biology of the longfin mako is little-known; it is somewhat common in the western Atlantic and possibly the central Pacific, while in the eastern Atlantic, it is rare and outnumbered over 1,000-fold by the shortfin mako in fishery landings. The longfin mako's slender body and long, broad pectoral fins evoke the oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) and the blue shark (Prionace glauca), both slow-cruising sharks of upper oceanic waters. This morphological similarity suggests that the longfin mako is less active than the shortfin mako, one of the fastest and most energetic sharks. Like the other members of its family, this species possesses blood vessel countercurrent exchange systems called the rete mirabilia (Latin for "wonderful net", singular rete mirabile) in its trunk musculature and around its eyes and brain. This system enables other mackerel sharks to conserve metabolic heat and maintain a higher body temperature than their environments, though whether the longfin mako is capable of the same is uncertain.
The longfin mako has large eyes and is attracted to cyalume sticks (chemical lights), implying that it is a visual hunter. Its diet consists mainly of small, schooling bony fishes and squids. In October 1972, a female with the broken bill from a swordfish (Xiphias gladias) lodged in her abdomen was caught in the northeastern Indian Ocean; whether the shark was preying on swordfish as the shortfin mako does, or encountered the swordfish in some other aggressive context is not known. Adult longfin mako have no natural predators except for killer whales, while young individuals may fall prey to larger sharks.
As in other mackerel sharks, the longfin mako is aplacental viviparous and typically gives birth to two pups at a time (one inside each uterus), though a female pregnant with eight well-developed embryos was caught in the Mona Passage near Puerto Rico in January 1983. The developing embryos are oophagous; once they deplete their supply of yolk, they sustain themselves by consuming large quantities of nonviable eggs ovulated by their mother. No evidence of sibling cannibalism is seen, as in the sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus). The pups measure long at birth, relatively larger than the young of the shortfin mako, and have proportionally longer heads and pectoral fins than the adults. Capture records off Florida suggest that during the winter, females swim into shallow coastal waters to give birth. Male and female sharks reach sexual maturity at lengths around and , respectively.
Human interactions
No attacks on humans have been attributed to the longfin mako shark. Nevertheless, its large size and teeth make it potentially dangerous. This shark is caught, generally in low numbers, as bycatch on longlines intended for tuna, swordfish, and other pelagic sharks, as well as in anchored gillnets and on hook-and-line. The meat is marketed fresh, frozen, or dried and salted, though it is considered to be of poor quality due to its mushy texture. The fins are also considered to be of lower quality for use in shark fin soup, though are valuable enough that captured sharks are often finned at sea. The carcasses may be processed into animal feed and fish meal, while the skin, cartilage, and jaws are also of value.
The most significant longfin mako catches are by Japanese tropical longline fisheries, and those sharks occasionally enter Tokyo fish markets. From 1987 to 1994, United States fisheries reported catches (discarded, as this species is worthless on the North American market) of 2–12 tons per year. Since 1999, retention of this species has been prohibited by the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Fishery Management Plan for Atlantic sharks. Longfin mako were once significant in the Cuban longline fishery, comprising one-sixth of the shark landings from 1971 to 1972; more recent data from this fishery are not available. The IUCN has assessed this species as "Vulnerable" due to its uncommonness, low reproductive rate, and susceptibility to shark fishing gear. It has also been listed under Annex I of the Convention on Migratory Species Migratory Shark Memorandum of Understanding. In the North Atlantic, stocks of the shortfin mako have declined 40% or more since the late 1980s, and concerns exist that populations of the longfin mako are following the same trend. In 2019, along with its relative the shortfin mako, the IUCN listed the longfin mako as "Endangered" due to continuing declines alongside 58 elasmobranch species.
See also
List of common commercial fish of Sri Lanka
References
External links
Isurus paucus, Longfin mako at FishBase
at IUCN Red List
Biological Profiles: Longfin Mako at Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department
Biology of the Longfin Mako at ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research
Isurus
Fish described in 1966
Fish of the Dominican Republic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longfin%20mako%20shark
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Joseph Rhodes Jr. (August 14, 1947 – November 7, 2013) was an American politician and activist. From 1972–1980, he served four 2-year terms as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He was a commissioner of the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission from 1988–1995. He served as a member of several public panels, including the President's Commission on Campus Unrest that investigated the fatal shootings of unarmed student protesters by soldiers and police in 1970 at Kent State and Jackson State Universities.
Early life and career
Rhodes' father was an African-American who served as a US soldier in the Philippines during World War II. Rhodes' mother, a woman of Filipino/Chinese descent, met his father there in 1945 and married him. The couple settled in Pittsburgh. Rhodes attended Pittsburgh public schools.
From 1965-1969 Rhodes was an undergraduate at the California Institute of Technology, and he received a B.S. in history in 1969. Rhodes served two terms as the president of the student body. He was in residence at Harvard University from 1969–1972 as a junior fellow of the Harvard Society of Fellows, where he researched racism in Victorian England. He was the first Black person admitted to the Society. Rhodes then held a number of teaching positions at the University of Massachusetts, California State College and the University of Pittsburgh. He was also employed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 1967, and served as a staff researcher for the Ford Foundation 1969-1970.
Policy work
After 1968 Rhodes served on a number of national commissions studying such diverse subjects as the causes of campus unrest and the need for new structures in higher education. He was a consultant to the Office of the Secretary, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1968–1971. He was a member of the More Effective School Personnel Utilization (MESPU) Panel in the Office of Education from 1969-1970, and a consultant to the President Nixon's Counsel from 1969–1970. He was a member of President Nixon's Committee on Voluntary Service, 1969. He also served on the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Secretary's Committee on New Structures in Higher Education (The Newman Committee) (1969–1972), and he was on the Advisory Panel of the National Endowment for the Humanities, 1971.
Rhodes' service on the President's Commission on Campus Unrest in 1970 brought him to nationwide attention. This Commission was established specifically to investigate two incidents in 1970 in which unarmed student protesters were shot and killed by soldiers and policemen, one at Kent State University in Ohio and a second at Jackson State University in Mississippi. Rhodes was the youngest and least known member of the committee, and its only current student; his selection for the commission is attributed to his longstanding relationship with John Ehrlichman, who was a prominent member of then President Richard Nixon's staff. Shortly after his appointment, Rhodes gave a controversial interview to Robert Reinhold of The New York Times in which he said "If the President's and Vice-President's statements are killing people, I want to know that" and that California Governor Ronald Reagan was "bent on killing people for his political gain." The following day, Vice-President Spiro Agnew called publicly for Rhodes to resign. Rhodes refused, and was a signatory to the Commission's "Scranton Report" in September, 1970.
Political career
Rhodes was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, 24th Legislative District (Allegheny County), in 1972, and was reelected to the House for three successive terms. In 1977 he sponsored an amendment (Act 41) to the Juvenile Justice Act that prohibited incarceration of juveniles in adult jails and that diverted status offenders from the juvenile justice system. Status offenders are those whose crimes derive from the offender's juvenile status instead of from the criminal act itself; one example would be violation of a juvenile curfew that bans juveniles from public places during certain hours of the night. Linda Rhodes has been quoted as saying that Rhodes "...considered passage of Act 41 as his greatest achievement during his three-terms as a lawmaker."
Rhodes did not run for a fifth term as a Representative. He sought the Democratic party nomination for United States Senate in 1980, but lost substantially in the April, 1980 primary election to former Pittsburgh mayor Peter F. Flaherty. Arlen Specter defeated Flaherty in the November, 1980 general election.
Later career
Rhodes then worked as a planner for the Westinghouse Corporation in Pittsburgh for seven years. In 1987 he was appointed by Pennsylvania Governor Robert P. Casey as the Deputy Commissioner of Commerce. In 1988 he was confirmed by the Pennsylvania Senate as a commissioner of the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, and served until 1995. He then worked as a consultant for corporations and for the leadership of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
He was cited by Time Magazine as one of 200 new leaders in America and received the Americans for Democratic Action National Youth Award in 1971. He was named on the master list of Nixon political opponents during his service to the Nixon administration, and included this as an award on his resume.
Personal life
Rhodes had been married to Linda Rhodes, who served from 1987–1994 as the Pennsylvania Commonwealth's Secretary of Aging. The couple had two children.
References
1947 births
2013 deaths
Politicians from Pittsburgh
American activists
Members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
California Institute of Technology alumni
Harvard Fellows
Harvard University staff
University of Pittsburgh faculty
University of Massachusetts Amherst faculty
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Rhodes%20Jr.
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Eagle Farm Racecourse is a heritage-listed horse racing venue in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is located at the northern end of Racecourse Road in the suburb of Ascot, from the Brisbane central business district.
The turf track is wide, with a circumference of and a home straight of . Races are run in a clockwise direction.
Doomben Racecourse is located nearby in the same suburb.
History
The Eagle Farm Racecourse was established in 1863 and it is now the premier racecourse in Brisbane.
In 1889–1890, the architecture partnership Hunter and Corrie and architect John H. Buckeridge jointly designed the grandstands, known as the Paddock Stands. They also designed stables and sheds.
In 1941 the racecourse was taken over by the military authorities to house thousands of American troops during the Pacific War. It was then known as U.S. Camp Ascot.
Heritage listing
A combined entry Eagle Farm Racecourse and Ascot Railway Station was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 2004.
Transport
Ascot railway station has direct access to the racecourse and is located on the Doomben line. The racecourse can also be accessed by bus and, from Bretts Wharf, by CityCat.
Races
The following is a list of Group races which are run at Eagle Farm Racecourse:
References
External links
Brisbane Racing Club
Horse racing venues in Australia
Sports venues in Brisbane
1863 establishments in Australia
Queensland Heritage Register
John H. Buckeridge buildings
Leslie Corrie buildings
Henry Hunter buildings
Sports venues completed in 1863
Ascot, Queensland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle%20Farm%20Racecourse
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Sweat is an Australian drama television series created by John Rapsey and produced by Barron Entertainment in association with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Perth. The show aired on Network Ten in 1996 for one season of 26 episodes and centred on students at an Australian school for the athletically gifted. In early 1997, Ten announced that they had no plans for a second season.
Scenes were shot in and around Perth including locations such as HBF Stadium, Arena Joondalup, the Town of Cambridge, the now defunct Perry Lakes Stadium and the Perth SpeedDome.
Cast
Main cast
Martin Henderson as Tom Nash
Inge Hornstra as Tatyana "Tats" Alecsandri
Melissa Thomas as Sandy Fricker
Tai Nguyen as Nhon "Noodle" Huong Tran
Tahnie Merrey as Evie Hogan
Heath Bergersen as Stewie Perkins
Heath Ledger as Snowy Bowles
Matt Castelli as Danny Rodriguez
Paul Tassone as Don Majors
Additional cast
Peter Hardy as Sid O'Reilly
Frederique Fouche as Jenny Forrest
Claire Sprunt as Leila Rasheed
Louise Miller as Sophie Mills
Quintin George as Greg Rosso
James Sollis as Chris Wheeler
Recurring cast
Gillian Berry as Norma O'Malley (15 episodes)
Natalie Saleeba as Monique Bellanger (4 episodes)
Jason Colby as Alex (4 episodes)
Guest cast
Zach Justin as Athlete #2 (1 episode) / Matt (2 episodes)
Simon Baker-Denny as Paul Steadman (1 episode)
Mouche Phillips as Robyn Barry (1 episode)
Vivienne Garrett as Mary Rodriguez (1 episode)
Rod Nunez as Rollo (2 episodes)
Toby Schmitz as Cameron (2 episodes)
Michael Loney as Frank Frisker (1 episode)
Sonia Vinci as Reporter (1 episode)
Keagan Kang as Richard (1 episode)
Michael Paget as Scott Davis (2 episodes)
Mark McAullay as ASDA official (2 episodes)
Igor Sas as Kev Lindwell (1 episode)
Marta Kaczmarek as Marta (1 episode)
Robyn Cruze as Shelley (2 episodes)
Zoe Ventoura as a dancer (1 episode)
Episodes
International broadcasts
Ireland – RTÉ Two (1996–1997)
England – CITV (1997, 2001)
References
External links
1996 Australian television series debuts
1996 Australian television series endings
1990s teen drama television series
Australian children's television series
1990s Australian drama television series
English-language television shows
Network 10 original programming
Television shows set in Perth, Western Australia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat%20%28Australian%20TV%20series%29
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The Fezile Dabi District Municipality (; ), formerly known as the Northern Free State District Municipality, is one of the 5 districts of the Free State province of South Africa. The seat is Sasolburg. As of 2011, a majority of its 460,289 residents spoke Sesotho. The district code is DC20.
Geography
Neighbours
Northern Free State is surrounded by:
Sedibeng in Gauteng to the north (DC42)
Gert Sibande in Mpumalanga to the north-east (DC30)
Thabo Mofutsanyane to the south-east (DC19)
Lejweleputswa to the south-west (DC18)
Dr Kenneth Kaunda in North-West to the north-west (DC40)
Local municipalities
The district contains the following local municipalities:
Demographics
The following statistics are from the 2001 census.
Sex
Ethnic group
Age
Politics
Election results
Election results for Northern Free State in the South African general election, 2004.
Population 18 and over: 293 994 [63.87% of total population]
Total votes: 182 833 [39.72% of total population]
Voting % estimate: 62.19% votes as a % of population 18 and over
References
External links
Official Website
District municipalities of the Free State (province)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fezile%20Dabi%20District%20Municipality
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Alliance for Progress (, APP) is a Peruvian political party founded on December 8, 2001 in Trujillo by Cesar Acuña Peralta.
History
The party was founded by Cesar Acuña Peralta in Trujillo in 2001 who was elected as Congressman for the National Solidarity Party since 2000. In 2006, the party participated in the general elections of that year with Natale Amprimo as its party candidate for President with the leader Cesar Acuña Peralta as its candidate for First Vice President. The presidential ticket itself attained 0.4% of the popular vote, placing tenth.
Following the 2006 general election's poor results, Alliance for Progress lost its party registration in the National Jury of Elections alongside the rest of the parties that failed to pass the threshold in 2007, but it regained its party registration the following year.
Having already established his party, Acuña, he was elected mayor of Trujillo in 2007 and was re-elected mayor in 2010. In 2014, Acuña was elected regional governor of the department of La Libertad, defeating José Murgia of the APRA but, he resigned from his position as governor in less one year to run for president in the 2016 elections in which he was disqualified for alleged vote buying.
Since 2010, the party was part of the Alliance for the Great Change, made up of the Peruvian Humanist Party, the Christian People’s Party, the National Restoration and the Alliance for Progress, this alliance was led by Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, who unsuccessfully ran for president in the general elections of Peru in 2011. In these elections, APP obtained two of the 130 seats in the Congress of the Republic.
In June 2012, the National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) fined the party more than 9 million soles for having received contributions ten times greater than the allowed limit from the César Vallejo University, owned by César Acuña.
In 2016, the party presented Acuña as their presidential candidate, however on 9 March the National Elections Jury barred him from participating in the general election for violating the Political Parties Law. The party currently holds 22 seats in the Congress after the 2020 snap parliamentary elections, a gain compared to the nine seats the party won at the 2016 general elections.
For the 2021 general elections, the Alliance for Progress formed an alliance with the Christian People’s Party. The alliance was officially signed on 12 October 2020, but lasted only six days, upon the revelation of disconformity from PPC's leadership, most prominently from the party Secretary General, Marisol Pérez Tello, who rejected Acuña by stating "she would not support a plagiarizer". Illegal audios were revealed by the press, and the alliance broke off almost immediately. Subsequently, the Alliance for Progress nominated Cesar Acuña once again for the presidency and, he ultimately placed seventh with 6% of the popular vote in a heavily atomized election, managing to win La Libertad Region only, the party’s stronghold, although the party achieved congressional representation, winning 15 seats, a loss of seven from the previous congressional term.
Political position
The party has been described as supporting right-wing and far-right politics. Following Pedro Castillo's success in the first round of 2021 elections, party leader Cesar Acuña began a campaign tour promoting Fujimorism and Keiko Fujimori titled "Crusade for Peru", creating an alliance with her and stating to supporters at a rally "I forget acts of corruption of Fujimorism" while also condemning left-wing politics.
Electoral history
Presidential
Congress of the Republic
See also
APRA
Popular Force
Popular Action
Politics of Peru
References
2001 establishments in Peru
Conservative liberal parties
Conservative parties in Peru
Liberal parties in Peru
Political parties established in 2001
Political parties in Peru
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance%20for%20Progress%20%28Peru%29
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The Democratic Force (Spanish: Fuerza Democrática) is a Peruvian political party. At the legislative elections held on 9 April 2006, the party won 1.4% of the popular vote but no seats in the Congress of the Republic.
References
Political parties in Peru
fr:Force démocrate (Roumanie)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic%20Force%20%28Peru%29
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Lvov () is the name of a princely Russian family of Rurikid stock. The family is descended from the princes of Yaroslavl where early members of the family are buried.
Notable members
Knyaz Matvey Danilovich (?–1603), Voivod in Tobolsk (1592) and in Verkhoturye (1601)
Knyaz Ivan Dimitriyevich, Voivod in Tyumen (1635–1639)
Knyaz Alexey Mikhaylovich (?–1653), Stolnik (1613), Okolnichiy (1627–), Boyar (1635) and head of the 'Prikaz of the Great Palace' (that is, a court marshal)
Knyaz Dmitry Petrovich (?–1660), Boyar (1655)
Knyaz Nikita Yakovlevich (?–1670), Okolnichiy and head of the Yamskoy Prikaz (the earliest version of the Russian Post Office, see prikaz)
Knyaz Mikhail Nikitich (?–1692), Boyar (1692)
Knyaz Vladimir Vladimirovich (1834–1865), Writer
Knyaz Georgy Yevgenyevich (1861–1925) (32nd generation Rurikid), Russian Prime Minister
Knyaz Alexander Dimitriyevich (1863–?), Fire-Brigade founder, Petergof Zemstvo chairman, cousin of Georgy Yevgenyevich
See also
Lvov dvoryan families
External links
About the family
Lvov family
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lvov%20princely%20family
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Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council elections are generally held three years out of every four, with a third of the council being elected each time. Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council, generally known as Rochdale Borough Council, is the local authority for the metropolitan borough of Rochdale in Greater Manchester, England. Since the last boundary changes in 2022, 60 councillors have been elected from 20 wards.
Political control
From 1889 to 1974 Rochdale was a county borough, independent of any county council. Under the Local Government Act 1972 it had its territory enlarged and became a metropolitan borough, with Greater Manchester County Council providing county-level services. The first election to the reconstituted borough council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority before coming into its revised powers on 1 April 1974. Greater Manchester County Council was abolished in 1986 and Rochdale became a unitary authority. Political control of the council since 1973 has been held by the following parties:
Leadership
The leaders of the council since 2006 have been:
Council elections
1973 election
1975 election
1976 election
1978 election
1979 election
1980 election
1982 election
1983 election
1984 election
1986 election
1987 election
1988 election
1990 election
1991 election
1992 election
1994 election
1995 election
1996 election
1998 election
1999 election
2000 election
2002 election
2003 election
2004 election
2006 election
2007 election
2008 election
2010 election
2011 election
2012 election
2014 election
2015 election
2016 election
2018 election
2019 election
2021 election
2022 election
Borough result maps
By-election results
1993-1997
1997-2001
2005-2010
2010-2015
References
By-election results
External links
Rochdale Council
Local government in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale
Council elections in Greater Manchester
Elections in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale
Metropolitan borough council elections in England
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale%20Metropolitan%20Borough%20Council%20elections
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The 1992 NHL Supplemental Draft was the seventh NHL Supplemental Draft. It was held on June 19, 1992. The supplemental draft was shortened to a single round in 1992 and limited to the six teams that missed the 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs and the expansion Ottawa Senators and Tampa Bay Lightning.
Selections
See also
1992 NHL Entry Draft
1992 NHL Expansion Draft
1992–93 NHL season
List of NHL players
References
External links
1992 NHL Supplemental Draft player stats at The Internet Hockey Database
National Hockey League Supplemental Drafts
Supplemental Draft
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%20NHL%20Supplemental%20Draft
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