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1.18k
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
https://github.com/BraveAction/android_common/blob/master/common/src/main/java/org/yang/common/components/scrollView/MyImageLoader.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| null |
android_common
|
BraveAction
|
Java
|
Code
| 418 | 1,579 |
package org.yang.common.components.scrollView;
import android.content.Context;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import com.bumptech.glide.Glide;
import com.bumptech.glide.load.resource.drawable.GlideDrawable;
import com.bumptech.glide.request.RequestListener;
import com.bumptech.glide.request.animation.GlideAnimation;
import com.bumptech.glide.request.target.GlideDrawableImageViewTarget;
import com.bumptech.glide.request.target.Target;
import java.io.File;
public class MyImageLoader {
public static final String ANDROID_RESOURCE = "android.resource://";
public static final String FOREWARD_SLASH = "/";
private MyImageLoader() {
}
public static final MyImageLoader getInstance() {
return MyImageLoaderHolder.INSTANCE;
}
public void displayImage(Context context, String url, ImageView imageView) {
Glide
.with(context)
.load(url)
.fitCenter()
// .centerCrop()
.crossFade()
.into(imageView);
}
//直接加载网络图片
public void displayImage(final Context context, String url, ImageView imageView, final ProgressBar progressBar) {
Glide
.with(context)
.load(url)
.listener(new RequestListener<String, GlideDrawable>() {
@Override
public boolean onException(Exception e, String model, Target<GlideDrawable> target, boolean isFirstResource) {
if (progressBar != null) {
progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean onResourceReady(GlideDrawable resource, String model, Target<GlideDrawable> target, boolean isFromMemoryCache, boolean isFirstResource) {
if (progressBar != null) {
progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}
return false;
}
})
.fitCenter()
// .centerCrop()
.crossFade()
.into(new GlideDrawableImageViewTarget(imageView) {
@Override
public void onResourceReady(GlideDrawable resource, GlideAnimation<? super GlideDrawable> animation) {
super.onResourceReady(resource, animation);
if (progressBar != null) {
progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}
}
});
}
//加载SD卡图片
public void displayImage(Context context, File file, ImageView imageView) {
Glide
.with(context)
.load(file)
.centerCrop()
.into(imageView);
}
//加载SD卡图片并设置大小
public void displayImage(Context context, File file, ImageView imageView, int width, int height) {
Glide
.with(context)
.load(file)
.override(width, height)
.centerCrop()
.into(imageView);
}
//加载网络图片并设置大小
public void displayImage(final Context context, String url, final ImageView imageView, int width, int height, final ProgressBar progressBar) {
Glide
.with(context)
.load(url)
.listener(new RequestListener<String, GlideDrawable>() {
@Override
public boolean onException(Exception e, String model, Target<GlideDrawable> target, boolean isFirstResource) {
if (progressBar != null) {
progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean onResourceReady(GlideDrawable resource, String model, Target<GlideDrawable> target, boolean isFromMemoryCache, boolean isFirstResource) {
if (progressBar != null) {
progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}
return false;
}
})
.centerCrop()
.override(width, height)
.crossFade()
.into(imageView);
}
//加载网络图片并设置大小
public void displayImage(Context context, String url, ImageView imageView, int width, int height) {
Glide
.with(context)
.load(url)
.override(width, height)
.crossFade()
.into(imageView);
}
public void displayImageFitCenter(Context context, String url, ImageView imageView, int width, int height) {
Glide
.with(context)
.load(url)
.fitCenter()
.override(width, height)
.crossFade()
.into(imageView);
}
public void displayImageCen(Context context, String url, ImageView imageView, int width, int height) {
Glide
.with(context)
.load(url)
.centerCrop()
.override(width, height)
.crossFade()
.into(imageView);
}
//加载drawable图片
public void displayImage(Context context, int resId, ImageView imageView) {
Glide.with(context)
.load(resourceIdToUri(context, resId))
.centerCrop()
.crossFade()
.into(imageView);
}
//将资源ID转为Uri
public Uri resourceIdToUri(Context context, int resourceId) {
return Uri.parse(ANDROID_RESOURCE + context.getPackageName() + FOREWARD_SLASH + resourceId);
}
public void displayImage(Context context, Uri uri, ImageView imageView) {
Glide.with(context)
.load(uri)
.centerCrop()
.into(imageView);
}
private static class MyImageLoaderHolder {
private static final MyImageLoader INSTANCE = new MyImageLoader();
}
}
| 26,998 |
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirseb%C3%A6r%20%28frugt%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Kirsebær (frugt)
|
https://da.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kirsebær (frugt)&action=history
|
Danish
|
Spoken
| 326 | 786 |
Kirsebær er frugter af Sød-Kirsebær, som er den dyrkede form af Fugle-Kirsebær eller Sur-Kirsebær. Navnet stammer fra det græske ”cerasus” (Kirsebærtræ) og det latinske ceresia.
Frugten er 1-1,5 cm i diameter, og når den er moden kan den være gul, rødlig, klart rød, blodrød eller helt sort. Frugtkødet er oftest fast og saftigt med en aromatisk duft og en sød smag (hos surkirsebær syrligere). Midt i frugten er en stenhård kerne, som rummer frøet. Kirsebærstenen er næsten kuglerund og ca. 0,5-0,8 cm i diameter. Kernen indeholder amygdalin, som omdannes til sukker og blåsyre, hvis den bliver beskadiget.
Historie
De vilde kirsebærtræers frugter har altid været meget eftertragtede af både fugle og mennesker. Allerede stenalderens mennesker samlede og spiste dem friske eller tørrede. Der er fundet forstenede kerner i de huler, som vore fjerne forfædre boede i.
Kirsebær var kendt i den antikkens græske kultur og er bl.a. beskrevet af botanikeren Theophrastos i år 300 f.Kr.. De første dyrkede kirsebær blev bragt fra sortehavsegnene til Rom af feltherren Lucullus. Dyrkning af kirsebærtræer nævnes under navnet ''Ceresarios i Karl den Stores ”Capitulare de villis vel curtis imperii” fra 812. I dag er kirsebærdyrkningen udbredt over hele verden, men 80 % af høsten kommer fra Europa.
Anvendelse
Kirsebær spises enten rå eller som frugtgrød, kirsebærsovs, marmelade eller som tilsætning til diverse mælkeprodukter. Kirsebærkage er også meget afholdt. Ved henkogning eller nedfrysning kirsebærrene konserveres i lang tid. De kan gemmes i alkohol eller i sukkerlage som cocktailbær.
Der kan fremstilles en velsmagende saft ved presning af bærrene. Saften fra sure kirsebær tilsættes sukker, og ren kirsebærsaft er sjældent på markedet. Det er langt mere almindeligt at se saften i form af kirsebærvin eller destilleret kirsebærvin, kirsch.
Gavnlige virkninger
En halv liter kirsebærsaft dækker dagsbehovet for C-vitamin. 250 g bær om dagen kan sænke urinsyreniveauet og beskytte mod gigt. Frugterne bruges i naturmedicin som middel mod paradentose.
Se også
Sur-Kirsebær
Fugle-Kirsebær
Eksterne henvisninger
Kirsebær: indhold og anvendelse
Noter
Stenfrugter
Fuglekirsebær
Surkirsebær
| 38,774 |
WEU_18_1972_vol.1.txt_3
|
Marianne-Europe
|
Open Government
|
Various open data
| null |
None
|
None
|
French
|
Spoken
| 8,005 | 12,211 |
Among the economic items was the report
of the Committee on Natural Resources on its
first session, which dealt principally with :
—
natural resources development and
policies, including environmental con
siderations ;
—
new proposals for assisting developing
countries in this field ; and
—
information about natural resources
(including integration of the survey
programme and natural resources satel
lites).
D . United. Nations questions
The Council have noted with interest the
Assembly’s comments on the activities under
taken in 1970 by government experts of member
countries in connection with United Nations
questions. The Council are well aware of the
advantages of regular consultations between
western European countries with a view to work
ing out, wherever possible, a joint approach to
the many problems of a political, economic or
social nature that have come before the United
Nations. They believe that regular meetings of
W E U experts working in the specialised fields
provide a valuable opportunity for concerting
their respective governments’ views on such
important matters as the Second United Nations
Development Decade and the whole question of
development assistance.
The experts also examined the report on
public administration in the Second Develop
ment Decade, and future institutional arrange
ments for science and technology including the
possibility of setting up an ECOSOC Sessional
Committee or a joint ECOSOC/General Assembly
Committee for Scientific and Technological
Questions. The proposal to establish a United
Nations transport centre was also discussed but
delegates generally did not favour such a move
at the time.
During 1971, government experts carried
out a full programme on matters taken in the
50th and 51st Sessions of the Economic and
Social Council, the X X V Ith Session of the United
Nations General Assembly and the Sixteenth
Session of the Conference of the Food and
Agriculture Organisation. A wide identity of
views emerged from preparatory meetings and
helped member governments to work out the
positions they would take during the various
sessions.
Social questions included human rights and
what action western countries could take to :
The delegations of member countries kept in
close touch throughout the sessions to continue
the consultations begun during their preliminary
meetings at W EU, and to initiate similar con
23
—
submit new subjects in this field for
study in the international organisations;
—
mount initiatives that would lead
moderate resolutions ;
■—
promote social development ; and
—
co-ordinate measures with regard to
capital punishment, particularly ways
to
DOCUM ENT
567
pour entamer de pareilles consultations sur d ’autres points importants de l ’ordre du jour. Tel
fut le cas, par exemple, pour la préparation du
débat sur le Moyen-Orient à la session de l ’Assemblée générale de l ’O.N.U., et pour l ’examen de
la résolution adoptée à Tissue de ce débat.
férence O.T.A.N. des directeurs nationaux des
armements. D ’autre part, dans sa réponse à la
Recommandation n° 210 sur la sécurité européenne et les relations Est-Ouest, il a fait remarquer
qu’à leur réunion tenue à Bruxelles le 27 mai, les
ministres de la defense de l ’Eurogroupe de
l ’O.T.A.N. avaient examiné les mesures prises en
application du programme européen d ’amelio
ration de la défense et avaient pris note avec
satisfaction des progrès accomplis.
1. Conseil économique et social (ECOSOC)
(a ) La première réunion a eu lieu à Londres le
5 avril 1971, à la veille de la 50' session de
TECOSOC, tenue du 26 avril au 21 mai à New
York.
En décembre 1971, le Conseil a entrepris
l ’étude de deux recommandations dont il a été
saisi à la suite de la deuxième partie de la Dixseptième session ordinaire de l ’Assemblée, les
Recommandations nos 212, sur l ’organisation fu
ture de la défense occidentale, et 213, sur l ’ap
plication du Traité de Bruxelles.
Parmi les questions d ’ordre économique examinées figurait notamment le rapport du Comité
des ressources naturelles sur sa première ses
sion, traitant principalement des sujets suivants :
—
politiques de mise en valeur des res
sources naturelles et notamment considérations liées à l ’environnement ;
—
nouvelles propositions d ’aide aux pays
en voie de développement ;
—
information sur les ressources naturelles
(spécialement l ’intégration du program
mes d ’études et les satellites d ’exploration des ressources naturelles).
D. Travaux des Nations Vnies
Le Conseil a enregistré avec intérèt les ob
servations de l ’Assemblée sur les activités poursuivies en 1970 par les experts gouvernementaux
des Etats membres en relation avec les travaux
des Nations Unies. Il est conscient des avantages
qu’il y a à ce que les pays d ’Europe occidentale
se concertent régulièrement en vue d ’élaborer,
dans la mesure du possible, une attitude com
mune à l ’égard des nombreux problèmes d ’ordre
politique, économique et social qui sont de la
compétence des Nations Unies. Il estime que les
reunions régulières d ’experts des pays membres
dans les domaines spécialisés offrent une utile
occasion de concerter les vues des gouvernements
sur des questions aussi importantes que la deu
xième Décennie des Nations Unies pour le développement et la question de l ’assistance au développement en général.
Les experts ont également examiné le rap
port sur l ’administration publique durant la
deuxième Décennie du développement et les dis
positions institutionnelles prévues dans le do
maine de la science et de la technologie, notam
ment la création d ’un Comité de session de
TECOSOC ou d ’un Comité mixte ECOSOC/
Assemblée générale pour les questions scientifiques et teehnologiques. Us ont aussi évoqué la
proposition de création d ’un centre des Nations
Unies pour les transports, à laquelle ils se sont
dans l ’ensemble montrés défavorables, au moins
pour le moment.
A u cours de 1971 les experts gouvernemen
taux ont examiné toute une sèrie de questions
inscrites à l ’ordre du jour des 50' et 51' sessions
du Conseil économique et social, de la X X V I '
session de l ’Assemblée générale des Nations
Unies et de la seizième conférence de l ’Organisations des Nations Unies pour l ’Alimentation et
l ’Agriculture. Une large identité de vues s’est
dégagée de ces entretiens et a aidé les gouver
nements membres à formuler les positions qu’ils
devaient adopter au cours des diverses sessions.
Parmi les questions d ’ordre social figuraient
les droits de l ’homme et les initiatives que pourraient prendre les pays occidentaux pour :
Les délégations des pays membres sont restées en étroit contact au cours des sessions, pour
poursuivre les consultations commencées dans le
cadre des réunions préliminaires à l ’U.E.O., ou
—
porter de nouveaux aspects de la ques
tion à Tattention des organisations internationales ;
—
favoriser l ’adoption de résolutions modérées;
—
promouvoir le développement social ;
—- eoordonner les mesures relatives à la
peine capitale, et notamment les moyens
23
DOCUM ENT
567
committees, one to deal with science and techno
logy, and the other the strategy of international
development. A further exchange of views took
place, in the context of the report, on the aboli
tion of capital punishment and the humanisation
of judicial procedures.
of maintaining legal safeguards and
improving the treatment of those con
demned to death.
( b ) A second meeting of experts took place on
28th June 1971, in London, prior to the 51st
Session of ECOSOC held in Geneva from 5th30th July.
“ Development”
experts included :
Economic questions studied at their meeting
included the Second Development Decade and
strategic appraisal of policies in the field of
international development. Two subjects closely
connected with the Decade were also discussed :
—
—
development planning and measures to
improve the organisation of ECOSOC’s
work ; and
the scope for expansion of the member
ship of the Council and its Committees.
They considered that ECOSOC should play
a fu ll part in identifying the work to be done
in the development field.
Delegates continued their discussions of
future arrangements for science and technology,
and exchanged views on regional co-operation on
the basis of the reports of the regional economic
commissions. They also recognised the need to
improve international co-ordination in cases of
natural disaster, and examined ways o f arriving
at a system of effective and rapid relief.
2.
issues
considered
by the
—
a review of policies for international
development during the Second Deve
lopment Decade ;
—
the role to be played in this by
ECOSOC, UNCTAD and the General
Assembly ;
—
identification of the least developed
among the developing countries ;
—
UNCTAD and the report of the Trade
and Development Board ; and
—
special consideration was given to the
work of the United Nations Develop
ment Programme.
Disarmament questions, which would cer
tainly be influenced by China’s membership of
the United Nations, were :
General Assem bly
The X X V Ith Session of the United Nations
General Assembly, which opened on 21st Sep
tember in New York, was preceded as usual by
a meeting, on 6th September 1971, in London,
of experts from W EU member governments.
—
general and complete disarmament ;
—
the report of the Conference of the
Committee on Disarmament on the
question of chemical and bacteriological
(biological) weapons, and the report of
the International Atomic Energy Agency
on implementation of the results of
the Conference of Non-Nuclear Weapon
States.
The experts thought that international
security was likely to occupy an important place
in the Assembly’s debates. They agreed to keep
in close touch on this question at the General
Assembly.
Questions discussed included admission of
the People’s Republic of China to the United
Nations. They examined the draft resolution
tabled in the General Assembly on the substantive
issue, as well as the draft procedural resolution.
The experts concluded that they should keep in
close touch in order to exchange information as
the situation developed, and to consult on tactics.
Finally, delegates discussed the appointment
of a new Secretary-General of the United
Nations. They examined the list of candidates
and agreed to consult further in New York.
The report of the Economic and Social
Council to the General Assembly was also
discussed. Delegations generally supported the
proposal to create two additional ECOSOC
3. Food and Agriculture Organisation
The experts from member countries met in
London on 22nd October 1971, prior to the
24
DOCUM ENT
de sauvegarder les garanties juridiques
et d ’améliorer le traitement des condamnés à mort.
(b ) Une seconde réunion d ’experts a eu lieu à
Londres le 28 juin 1971, avant la 51“ session de
l ’ECOSOC, tenue du 5 au 30 juillet à Genève.
A l ’ordre du jour économique figuraient la
deuxième Décennie du développement, et reva
luation stratégique des politiques en matière de
développement international. Les experts ont
aussi examine deux questions étroitement liées à
la Décennie, à savoir :
567
l ’ECOSOC, l ’un pour la science et la techno
logic, l ’autre pour la stratégie du développement
mondial. Ils ont aussi évoqué à cette occasion
les problèmes de l ’abolition de la peine capitale
et de l ’humanisation des procédures judiciaires.
Parmi les questions évoquées dans le do
maine du développement figuraient :
—
l ’examen des politiques de développe
ment mondial dans la deuxième Décen
nie ;
—
la planification du développement et les
mesures propres à améliorer l ’organisation du travail de l ’ECOSOC ;
le ròle à jouer à cet égard par
l ’ECOSOC, la C.N.U.C.E.D. et l ’Assem
blée générale ;
—
l ’identification des moins avancés parmi
les pays en voie de développement ;
l ’élargissement éventuel de la composi
tion du Conseil et de ses comités.
—
Ils ont estimé que l ’ECOSOC devait prendre
pleinement part à la définition de l ’ceuvre à
accomplir en matière de développement.
la C.N.U.C.E.D. et le rapport du
Conseil du commerce et du développe
ment ;
—
enfin et tout partieulièrement l ’exéeution du Programme des Nations Unies
pour le développement.
—
—
Poursuivant leurs éclianges de vues sur les
problèmes de la science et de la teclmologie,
les experts ont étudié la coopération régionale
à la lumière des rapports des commissions économiques régionales. D ’autre part, ils ont reeonnu
la nécessité d ’améliorer la coordination internationale lors des catastrophes naturelles et ont
examiné les moyens d ’établir un système de secours d ’urgence rapide et efficace.
2.
Assem blée generale
La X X V I* session de l ’Assemblée générale
des Nations Unies, qui s’est ouverte le 21 septembre à New York, a été précédée comme de coutume d ’une réunion des experts des gouvernements membres de l ’U.E.O., le 6 septembre à
Londres.
L ’ordre du jour comportait notamment la
question de l ’admission de la République populaire de Chine aux Nations Unies. Les experts
ont étudié les résolutions déposées devant l ’Assemblée générale sur le fond, ainsi que le projet
de résolution de procédure. Ils sont convenus de
se tenir en liaison étroite afin d ’échanger toutes
nouvelles informations et de se consulter sur la
tactique à adopter.
Les experts ont en outre examiné le rapport
du Conseil économique et social à l ’Assemblée
générale. Ils ont dans l ’ensemble approuvé la
proposition de créer deux nouveaux comités de
2*
Au sujet du désarmement, question sur laquelle l ’admission de la Chine aux Nations Unies
ne peut manquer d ’avoir une incidence, les ex
perts ont examiné :
—
les problèmes du désarmement général
et complet ;
—
le rapport de la Conférence du Comité
du désarmement sur la question des
armes chimiques et bactériologiques
(biologiques), et le rapport de l ’Agence
Internationale de l ’Energie Atomique
sur les suites de la conférence des Etats
non nucléaires.
Les experts ont estimé que la sécurité Inter
nationale occuperait certainement une place im
portante dans les débats et sont convenus de se
tenir en étroit contact sur cette question durant
l ’Assemblée générale.
Enfin les experts ont évoqué l ’éleetion d ’un
nouveau secrétaire général des Nations Unies. Ils
ont examiné la liste des candidats et sont conve
nus de continuer de se consulter à New York.
3. Organisation pour l ’Alimentation et l ’Agriculture
Les experts des pays membres se sont réunis
à Londres le 22 octobre 1971, avant la seizième
DOCUM ENT
567
Sixteenth Session of the biennial Conference of
the Food and Agriculture Organisation, held in
Rome from 6th-25th November.
blems on the agenda of the X X V Ith Session of
the United Nations General Assembly.
Having regard to the provision made by the
F A O Council for a continuing exercise and the
regular compilation of integrated perspective
studies, the W E U delegates had a full discussion
on world agricultural development and strategy
for the Second Development Decade. A prospect
ive study of this would provide an instrument
fo r analysing the range of options open in the
agricultural sector and should help to give some
indication o f long-term prospects for economic
growth and social progress in that sector. Special
consideration was given to the planning of inter
national agriculture in order to further a more
rational international specialisation (which was
intended by the F A O Secretariat to be the main
subject for the 1973 conference).
AYith regard particularly to the banning of
biological and chemical weapons, the Council
stated their position to the Assembly in their
March reply to Recommendation 199. They then
said that, although the banning of both types of
weapons could be discussed at the same time,
they thought it would be inadvisable to insist
on their joint treatment in a single treaty ; on
this point, they said that in view o f the greater
difficulties of safeguarding the implementation
of provisions covering production and possession
of chemical weapons, such insistence would be
likely to delay the solution regarding biological
weapons which already seemed feasible.
A t their September meeting, the experts of
the W EU member governments who took part in
the work of the Geneva Conference noted with
satisfaction that the Soviet Union had in the
meantime come round to the western countries’
point of view on the principle of proceeding by
stages and dissociating the two subjects.
The F A O ’s activities and programmes, in
cluding its programme of work and budget for
1972-73, were also debated. The budget proposals
required careful study. They included a proposal
by the F A O Director-General to expand the
regional offices. Experts were generally reluctant
to support this initiative and thought that a
detailed study should be made of its implications.
These governments gave their support to
the new draft convention on biological weapons
put forward jointly by the western and Warsaw
Pact countries to the Conference o f the Dis
armament Commission on 28th September ; the
United Nations General Assembly, in Resolution
2826, dated 16th December, recommended rati
fication by member States. The provisions on
implementation of the convention are to be found
in its Articles V, V I and V II. It should be noted
that this convention also includes an undertaking
to continue negotiations with a view to reaching
early agreement on chemical weapons.
In addition, experts discussed relations with
international organisations on programme mat
ters o f common interest (especially General
Assembly resolutions on decolonisation), and the
apointment and duration of the term of office of
the Director-General.
Views were exchanged on important election
items appearing on the agendas o f the General
Assembly, the 50th Session o f ECOSOC and the
Sixteenth Session o f the Conference of the FAO.
On 28th October 1971, the French Govern
ment presented a bill to the National Assembly
to ban the development, manufacture, holding,
storage, purchase or sale of biological weapons.
E. Other questions
1. Questions concerning disarmament
(6 ) On the subject of the American-Soviet
strategic arms limitation talks referred to at the
joint meeting between the Council and the
Assembly Committee on Defence Questions in
(a ) A t their meeting in London, in September1,
the experts of the W E U member countries con
sidered the items concerning disarmament pro
1. Seo Part D, section 2, o f this chapter.
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DOCUM ENT
567
session de la conférence bisannuelle de l ’Organisation ponr l ’Alimentation et 1’Agriculture, tenue
du 6 au 25 novembre à Rome.
été examinés par les experts des pays membres
de l ’U.E.O. lors de leur réunion à Londres en
septembre \
Considérant le projet du Conseil de l ’O.A.A.
d ’instituer un exercice continu et d ’élaborer régulièrement des études prospeetives intégrées, les
délégués ont examiné à fond la question du
développement agricole mondial et de la strategie
à adopter durant la deuxième Décennie. Une
étude prospective du sujet offrirà roccasion
d ’analyser leventail des ehoix possibles dans le
secteur agricole et d ’esquisser les perspectives à
long terme de la croissance économique et de
revolution sociale dans ce secteur. Les experts
ont notamment examiné les problèmes posés par
la planification de l ’agriculture sur le plan mon
dial en vue de favoriser une spécialisation internationale plus rationnelle (sujet qui, dans l ’esprit
du Secrétariat, doit ètre le principal de la confé
rence de 1973).
En ce qui concerne notamment la question
de l ’interdiction des armes biologiques et chimiques, le Conseil avait précisé sa position à
l ’Assemblée dans sa réponse du mois de mars à
la Recommandation n° 199. Il y avait indiqué
que s’il estimait possible un examen conjoint de
l ’interdiction des deux types d ’armes, il croyait
en revanche qu’il ne convenait pas qu’elle fasse
nécessairement l ’objet d ’un traité unique ; à ce
propos il avait fait observer que l ’on risquerait
en effet, compte tenu de la plus grande difficulté
de garantir l ’application de dispositions couvrant la production et la possession des armes
chimiques, de retarder pour les armes biologiques
une solution qui apparaissait déjà possible.
Lors de leur réunion en septembre les ex
perts des gouvernements membres de l ’U.E.O.
qui participent aux travaux de la Conférence
de Genève ont noté avec satisfaction que FUnion
Soviétique s’était entre-temps ralliée au point de
vue des pays occidentaux sur le principe de
procèder par étapes et de dissocier les deux domaines.
Les activités et programmes de l ’O.A.A., y
compris son programme de travail et son budget
pour 1972-1973, ont également été examinés.
Les propositions budgétaires demandaient une
étude attentive. Elles comprenaient notamment
une proposition du directeur général de l ’O.A.A.
de développer les bureaux régionaux. Dans l ’en
semble les experts se sont montrés peu enclins à
appuyer cette initiative, considérant qu’il convenait d ’abord d ’étudier de plus près ses incidences.
Ces gouvernements ont donné leur appui au
nouveau projet de convention sur les armes bio
logiques qui a été présenté en commun par les
pays occidentaux et ceux du Pacte de Varsovie
à la Conférence de la Commission du désarme
ment le 28 septembre, et que l ’Assemblée géné
rale de l ’O.N.U. a recommandé à la signature et
à la ratification des Etats membres par sa Résolution 2826 du 16 décembre. Les dispositions
intéressant l ’application de la convention figurent à ses articles V, V I et V II. Il est à noter
que celle-ci comporte d ’autre part l ’engagement
de poursuivre les négociations en vue d ’aboutir
dans les meilleurs délais à un accord concernant
les armes chimiques.
Les experts ont aussi échangé leurs vues sur
la question des relations avec les organisations
internationales sur les questions de programme
d ’intérèt commun (notamment les résolutions de
l ’Assemblée générale sur la décolonisation), ainsi
que sur l ’élection du directeur général et la durée
de son mandat.
Les experts ont enfin passé en revue les
principales élections prévues au cours de l ’Assemblée générale, de la 50' session de l ’ECOSOC
et de la Seizième session de la conférence de
l ’O.A.A.
Pour sa part, le gouvernement frangais a
déposé devant l ’Assemblée nationale, le 28 octobre 1971, un projet de loi qui interdit la mise au
point, la fabrication, la détention, le stockage,
l ’acquisition et la cession des armes biologiques.
E. Divers
1. Questions relatives au désarmement
(b ) Quant à la question des conversations
américano-soviétiques sur la limitation des armements stratégiques, qui avait été évoquée à la
réunion commune entre le Conseil et la Commis-
(a) Les points de l ’ordre du jour de la X X V I '
session de l ’Assemblée générale de l ’O.N.U. qui
intéressaient les problèmes du désarmement ont1
1. Voir la partie D, point 2, du présent chapitre.
25
DOCUM ENT
567
practical measures to improve the security of
diplomatic and consular missions.
November 1970, it should be noted that, at the
NATO Council meeting in Brussels in December
1971, the representatives of the W E U member
countries and of their NATO allies welcomed
the fact that these talks had already produced
some firm agreements ; they expressed the hope
that further agreements might shortly be con
cluded. They also expressed satisfaction regard
ing the close consultation within the Alliance on
the progress of SALT.
3. Recognition o f regimes established
by coups d ’Etat
This has formed the subject of several state
ments and exchanges of views.
4. Secretariat-General
A fter taking up office on 1st January 1971,
the Secretary-General, Mr. Georges Heisbourg,
was received by the Foreign Ministers of the
member countries and by the President of the
W EU Assembly. He also visited the SecretariesGeneral of the Council of Europe, OECD and
NATO, and the Supreme Allied Commander
Europe.
(c ) On the subject of controls for the imple
mentation of the nuclear weapons non-prolifera
tion treaty, referred to by the Assembly in its
Recommendation 209, the position of members
o f W E U who have signed the treaty was set out
in paragraph 5 of the reply to that recommenda
tion.
The Secretary-General or his senior col
leagues also attended, as observers, the third part
(20th-28th January) of the 22nd Ordinary Ses
sion of the Assembly of the Council of Europe,
the first and second parts of its 23rd Session
(10th-14th May and 4th-8th October) and the
X V IIth Plenary Session (23rd-29th September)
o f the North Atlantic Assembly.
2. Protection o f diplomats
As requested after the exchange of views
between W E U Ministers at their Luxembourg
meeting in January (referred to in the previous
annual report from the Council) the permanent
representatives, assisted by the special working
group of experts from the member countries,
continued to study this question during the year.
Senior representatives o f the Secretariat
played an active part in the symposium held by
the Belgian section of the Liberal International in
Brussels on 4th-5th June, in two meetings organ
ised by the Federal Trust, at the University of
Sussex on 1st October, and at D unford House,
Midhurst, Sussex, on 13th November, and in a
European seminar at Karlsruhe University on
15th November. They represented the organisa
tion on various international occasions (Parlia
mentary Council of the European Movement,
European Lunch Club, etc.).
A further report was submitted to the
Ministerial Council at The Hague in A pril and
its conclusions were confirmed at that meeting.
It was decided that the special working group
of W E U should continue consultations, as
required and in the light of experience, regarding
26
DOCUM ENT
567
lumière de l ’expérience, sur les mesures pratiques
susceptibles d ’améliorer la sécurité des missions
diplomatiques et consulaires.
sion des Questions de Defense et des Armements
de PAssemblée en novembre 1970, il est à noter
qu’à la réunion du Conseil atlantique à Bruxelles
en décembre 1971, les représentants des pays
membres de l ’U.E.O. et ceux de leurs partenaires
de l ’Alliance ont accueilli favorablement le fait
que ces entretiens aient déjà abouti à certains
accords concrets ; ils ont exprimé l ’espoir que de
nouveaux accords pourraient intervenir prochainement. Ils ont également marqué leur satisfac
tion au sujet des consultations étroites qui
avaient lieu au sein de lA lliance sur la progres
sion des SALT.
3. La reconnaissance de gouvernements
portés au poavoir par un coup d ’Etat
a fait l ’objet d ’écbanges de vues ou de com
munications.
4. Secretariat général
A la suite de sa prise de fonctions le 1 " jan
vier 1971, M. Georges Heisbourg, Secrétaire
général, a été reQU par les ministres des affaires
étrangères des pays membres et par le President
de l ’Assemblée de l ’U.E.O. Il a aussi rendu visite
aux secrétaires généraux du Conseil de l ’Europe,
de l ’O.C.D.E. et de l ’O.T.A.N., ainsi qu’au Com
mandant supreme des forces alliées en Europe.
( c) En ce qui concerne la question des contròles
d ’application du traité de non-prolifération des
armes nucléaires, évoquée par l ’Assemblée dans
sa Recommandation n° 209, la position des pays
membres de l ’U.E.O. signataires du traité a été
précisée au point 5 de la réponse à cette recom
mandation.
D ’autre part, le Secrétaire général ou ses
collaborateurs ont assistè, comme observateurs, à
la troisième partie (20-28 janvier) de la 22* ses
sion ordinaire de l ’Assemblée du Conseil de
l ’Europe, à la première partie (10-14 mai) et à
la deuxième partie (4-8 octobre) de sa 23' session,
ainsi qu’à la X V II’ session plénière (23-29 septembre) de l ’Assemblée de l ’Atlantique nord.
2. Protection des diplomates
Conformément aux conclusions de l ’échange
de vues que les ministres de l ’U.E.O. avaient eu
à leur réunion à Luxembourg en janvier (et dont
il a été fait état dans le précédent rapport annuel
du Conseil), les représentants permanents, assistés du groupe de travail spécial comprenant des
experts des pays membres, ont poursuivi au cours
de l ’année l ’étude de cette question.
Des représentants de haut rang du Secrétariat ont activement participé au colloque de
la section belge de l ’Internationale libérale à
Bruxelles les 4 et 5 juin, à deux réunions organisées par le Federai Trust le 1 " octobre à l ’Université du Sussex et le 13 novembre à Dunford
House, Midhurst (Sussex), et à un séminaire
européen à l ’Université de Karlsrulie le 15 no
vembre. Ils ont représenté 1’organisation à différentes manifestations internationales (Conseil
parlementaire du Mouvement européen, Euro
pean Lunch Club, etc.).
Un nouveau rapport a été soumis au Conseil
ministériel réuni à La Haye en avril et les sug
gestions qu’il contenait ont été entérinées par ce
dernier. Il a été jugé utile que le groupe de
travail spécial de l ’U.E.O. continue en particulier de se consulter, suivant les besoins et à la
26
DOCUM ENT
567
CHAPTER III
ARM AM EN TS CO NTROL AGENCY
id) Co-operation with the United States
and Canada (Article X X I I I of Protocol No. IV )
A . General situation
In 1971, the sixteenth year o f its control
operations, the Agency, whose work is based on
the Protocols to the revised Brussels Treaty
and on the Council’s directives and decisions,
covered the same fields of action and employed
the same methods as in previous years. On the
basis of the results obtained, the aims of the
A gency’s programme drawn up, as usual, at the
beginning of the year, can be considered as
having been attained.
The Agency received, through the Council,
information supplied by the Governments of the
United States and Canada concerning their pro
grammes o f external aid in military equipment
to member States.
(e) Scrutiny of budgetary information
In 1971, budgetary studies followed the
usual procedures. They revealed nothing to con
tradict the general conclusions arising from the
scrutiny o f statistical and budgetary documents
made available to the Agency by the member
countries and by the North Atlantic Treaty
Organisation authorities.
B. Controls from documentary sources
1. Information processed by the Agency
(a) Annual Agency questionnaire and replies
from member States
2.
Verification o f appropriate levels o f armaments
(a) Appropriate levels o f armaments fo r forces
placed under NATO command
Member States’ replies were carefully pre
pared. Additional information was provided in
response to a number of requests from the
Agency.
The consultations with NATO military
authorities provided fo r by Article X I V of
Protocol No. IV followed the usual procedure
agreed between NATO and the Agency.
(6) Special requests fo r information concerning
the non-production o f certain types of armaments
Studies carried out showed that the total
quantities of armaments declared to the Agency
by member States for forces placed under NATO
command and stationed on the European main
land can be considered as appropriate levels for
the control year 1971, within the meaning of
Article X I X of Protocol No. IV, in respect of
those categories of armaments over which the
Agency has so far been able to exercise its man
date 1 to control levels.
A s in past years, these requests related to
long-range and guided missiles, chemical weapons
and biological weapons.
(c) Co-operation with NATO
In 1971, co-operation between the Agency
and the appropriate N ATO authorities fo r the
execution of its task in the spirit o f the revised
Brussels Treaty and in accordance with the
provisions o f Protocol No. IY, continued as
before.
(b) Appropriate levels o f armaments fo r forces
maintained under national command
F or all member States, the procedure laid
down in 1964 for fixing maximum levels of
armaments for the forces maintained under
A s in the two previous years, the Agency
arranged a meeting for the exchange of informa
tion with the aim of continuing to derive the
greatest possible benefit from this co-operation.
1. In this connection, see reservations arising from
information given under items C, 3 (6) and D , 6.
27
DOCUM ENT
567
CHAPITRE III
AGENCE POUR LE CONTROLE DES ARM EM ENTS
id) Cooperation avec les Etats-Unis d’Amérique
et le Canada
{Article X X I I I du Protocole N° IV )
A. Situation générale
En 1971, seizième année de contròie, Paction
de l ’Agence, qui est basée sur les protocoles du
Traité de Bruxelles révisé ainsi que sur les direc
tives et les décisions du Conseil, s’est exercée
dans les mémes domaines et suivant les mèmes
méthodes qu’au cours des années précédentes.
Les résultats obtenus permettent de considérer
comme atteints les objectifs du programme d ’activité que l’Agence avait préparé, comme de coutume, au début de l ’année.
L ’Agence a regu, par l ’intermédiaire du
Conseil, des informations communiquées par les
gouvernements des Etats-Unis d ’Amérique et du
Canada concernant la situation de leurs program
mes d ’aide extérieure en matériel aux Etats
membres.
(e) Examen des renseignements budgétaires
Les études budgétaires ont été menées en
1971 suivant les méthodes habituelles. Elles n ’ont
pas fait apparaìtre d ’éléments contradictoires
avec les conclusions d ’ensemble tirées des autres
études basées sur l ’examen des documents statistiques et budgétaires qui sont fournis à l ’Agence
par les pays membres et par les autorités de
l ’Organisation du Traité de l ’Atlantique nord.
B. Contròie sur pièces
1. Renseignements exploités par l’Agence
(a) Questionnaire annuel de l’Agence et réponses
des Etats membres
2.
Verification des niveaux appropriés d ’arm em e nt
(a) Niveaux appropriés d’armements des forces
placées sous commandement O.T.A.N.
Les réponses des Etats membres ont été
rédigées avec soin. Satisfaction a été donnée à
quelques demandes de renseignements complémentaires formulées par l ’Agence.
La consultation des autorités militaires de
l ’O.T.A.N. prévue à Particle X I V du Protocole
N° IV, s’est déroulée selon la procédure habituelle
convenue entre l ’O.T.A.N. et l ’Agence.
(6) Demandes particulières concernant
la non-fabrication de certains types d’armements
Il résulte de l ’examen effectué que les quantités totales d ’armements déclarées à l ’Agence par
les pays membres, au titre des forces placées sous
commandement O.T.A.N. et stationnées sur le
continent européen, peuvent ótre considérées
comme niveaux appropriés pour l ’année de
contròie 1971, au sens de Particle X I X du
Protocole N° IV, en ce qui concerne les catégories d ’armements pour lesquelles l ’Agence a
— jusqu’à ce jour —- été mise à mème d’exercer
son m andat1 de contròie des niveaux.
Comme les années précédentes, ces demandes
particulières ont porté sur les engins à longue
portée et engins guidés, les armes chimiques et les
armes biologiques.
(c) Cooperation avec l’O.T.A.N.
L ’Agence a continué en 1971 d ’entretenir
avec les autorités militaires appropriées de
l ’O.T.A.N. les rapports nécessaires à l ’exécution
de sa tàche, dans l ’esprit du Traité de Bruxelles
révisé et conformément aux dispositions du Pro
tocole N° IV.
(b) Niveaux appropriés d’armements des forces
maintenues sous commandement national
Pour l ’ensemble des pays membres, la pro
cédure arretée en 1964 pour la fixation des
niveaux maximums d ’armements des forces main-
Comme les deux années précédentes, une
conférence d ’information réciproque a été organisée par l ’Agence, dans le but que cette coopération demeure aussi fructueuse que possible.
X. Voir à ce sujet les réserves qui découlent des précisions données sous les points C, 3 (6) et D, 6.
27
DOCUM ENT
567
(b) Inspections at units of forces under national
command
national command on the mainland of Europe
functioned normally in 1971.
A large number of units were inspected, as
in previous years.
W ith reference to the maximum levels so
accepted or approved by the Council, the
quantities of armaments declared to the Agency
by the member States for such forces can be
considered as appropriate levels for the control
year 1971, within the meaning of Article X I X
of Protocol No. IV for the categories of arma
ments over which the Agency has so far been
enabled to exercise its mandate1.
(c) Inspections at production plants
(i)
A greed quantitative control measures
The Agency carried oitt quantitative control
measures at a number of plants (aircraft produc
tion plants, ammunition plants, plants manu
facturing artillery equipment, plants manu
facturing armoured equipment, shipyards and
missile production plant).
(ii) A greed non-production control measures
C. Field Controls
Non-production control measures were ap
plied at several plants (aircraft production
plants, chemical establishments, ammunition
plants and shipyard).
1. Principles governing the application o f field
control measures
The principles governing the execution of
field control measures, as described in detail in
the Council’s last two annual reports, were
applied in 1971. It will be recalled that the field
measures are complementary to the scrutiny of
documents and that, combined, they constitute
the A gency’s overall control.
(d) Results o f field control measures
— The quantitative control measures carried
out at depots, units under national command and
production plants confirmed the data obtained
from the scrutiny of documents.
— The non-production control
revealed no unauthorised production.
measures
2. Type and extent o f field control measures
3. General remarks
In 1971, the Agency carried out seventy-two
inspections, falling broadly into the following
categories :
(a ) In the fields where it is authorised to
exercise its mandate, the Agency was able to
perform effectively its duty of conducting test
cheeks, visits and inspections. Such problems as
arose from the very complex nature of the inspec
tions were dealt with satisfactorily through good
relations with the national authorities.
(a) Inspections at depots1
2
Inspections were carried out by the Agency
at a large number of depots.
The method of joint A gen cy/S H A P E inspec
tions was again applied at depots that cannot
clearly be defined as being under the authority
of NATO or of a national command. As in
previous years, this method was entirely satis
factory.
(b ) For the time being, the Agency engages in
no activities relating to atomic weapons, and
receives no information on what one member State
calls “ strategic forces” . As regards biological
weapons, the Agency has not reached the stage of
applying field controls.
(c ) As the Convention for due process of law,
signed on 14th December 1957, has not yet come
into force, control operations carried out by the
Agency in private establishments had to be
applied in accordance with the “ agreed control”
procedure, as in previous years.
1. In this connection, see reservations arising from
information given under items C, 3 (6) and D, 6.
2. The term “ inspections” , as used here, should he
understood to mean all types o f field control measures
referred to in sub-paragraph 2(6) o f Article V II o f Proto
col No. IV, that is to say, test checks, visits and inspections.
28
DOCUM ENT
tenues sous commandement national sur le conti
nent européen, a fonctionné normalement en
1971.
567
(b) Inspections dans des unites des forces
sous commandement national
Des inspections ont continué d ’etre effec
tuées dans de nombreuses unités.
En référence aux niveaux maximums aceeptés ou approuvés dans ces conditions par le
Conseil, les quantités d ’armements déclarées à
l ’Agence par les Etats membres au titre de ces
forces sont à considérer corame niveaux appropriés d ’armements pour l ’année de controle 1971,
au sens de l ’article X I X du Protocole N° IY , en
ce qui concerne les categories d ’armements pour
lesquelles l ’Agence a — jusqu’à ce jour — été
mise à mème d ’exercer son m andat1.
(c) Inspections dans des usines
(i)
Verifications quantitatives consenties
L ’Agence a effectué des vérifications quanti
tatives dans diverses usines (usines de construc
tion d’avions, usines de munitions, usines fabriquant des matériels d ’artillerie, usines fabriquant
des matériels blindés, chantiers navals et usine
de fabrication d ’engins).
C. Contròie sur place
(ii) Vérifications consenties de non-fabrication
L ’Agence a procédé à des vérifications de
non-fabrication dans plusieurs usines (usines de
construction d ’avions, usines de produits cliimiques, usines de munitions et chantier naval).
1. Principes régissant l’exécution des mesures de
contròie sur place
Les principes régissant l ’exécution des me
sures de controle sur place, tels qu’ils ont été
exposés de manière détaillée dans les deux derniers rapports annuels du Conseil notamment,
ont été appliqués en 1971. Il est rappelé que les
mesures de controle sur place et les mesures de
controle sur pièees sont complémentaires, et que
c ’est leur combinaison qui constitue le controle
d ’ensemble par l ’Agence.
(d) Résultats des mesures de contròie sur place
— Les vérifications de niveaux d ’armements
faites dans les dépóts, les unités sous commande
ment national et les usines ont confirmé les don
nées du contróle sur pièees.
— Les vérifications de non-fabrication n ’ont
révélé aucune production non autorisée.
2. Nature et importance des mesures de
contróle sur place
3. Remarques générales
En 1971, l ’Agence a effectué soixante-douze
inspections qui se classent, en gros, dans les
categories ci-dessous :
(a) Dans les domaines où elle a été mise à mème
d ’exercer son mandat, l ’Agence a pu s’acquitter
efficacement de ses fonctions en matière de son
dages, visites et inspections. Compte tenu du
caractère très complexe des inspections, les rap
ports avec les autorités nationales ont permis de
résoudre de fagon satisfaisante les problèmes qui
se sont présentés.
(a) Inspections dans les d epots1
2
Des inspections ont été effectuées dans de
nombreux dépóts.
La méthode consistant à procèder à des
inspections combinées Agence-SHAPE dans les
dépóts qu’il était impossible de définir nettement
corame relevant de l ’autorité de l ’O.T.A.N. ou
de celle d ’un commandement national a continué
d ’etre appliquée. Comme les années précédentes,
elle a donné tonte satisfaction.
(5) Les activités de l ’Agence ne visent pas pour
le moment le domaine nucléaire, ni, dans l ’un des
Etats membres, les forces que cet Etat qualifie de
« stratégiques ». En ce qui concerne les armes
biologiques, l ’Agence n ’est pas encore passée à
l ’exécution de mesures de contróle sur place.
1. Voir à ce sujet les réserves qui découlent des preci
sions données sous les points C, 3 (6) et I), 6.
2. Le terme « inspections » est iei employé pour désigner
tous les types de mesures de contróle sur place mentionnés
au paragraphe 2 (6) de Particle V II du Protocole N ° IV,
à savoir les sondages, les visites et les inspections.
(c) La convention d ’ordre juridictionnel signée
le 14 décembre 1957 n ’étant pas encore entrée en
vigueur, les mesures de contróle effectuées par
l ’Agence dans les établissements privés ont du
ótre appliquées, comme les années précédentes,
sous la forme de «vérifications consenties».
28
DOCUM ENT
567
over the years on the industry in question in
that country, the Agency did not consider it
necessary to carry out non-production controls
in 1971.
D . Situation and problems o f control in certain
specific fields
The overall situation as regards control
methods continued to be as described in the
Council’s previous annual report to the Assembly.
(d) Documentary studies and technical
information visits
In 1971, the Agency, which makes every
effort to keep abreast of the most recent missile
techniques, continued to collect all relevant
information on missiles likely to be produced in
Europe in the coming years.
1. Guided and other self-propelled missiles
(a) State o f production and stocks
The number of guided missiles and other
self-propelled missiles produced in member States
on the mainland of Europe again increased in
1971. Certain member States, which previously
produced only anti-tank missiles, again tended
to widen their range of missile production. How
ever, the output of complete guided missiles
remains well below the levels attained a few
years ago.
A t the invitation of the national authorities,
technical information visits were made to Bel
gium, France, Italy and the United Kingdom.
All these visits, whether to “ salons” , to demons
trations of materiel, to production plants or to
specialised congresses, were most useful in keep
ing the experts abreast of developments in this
field.
Exports of guided missiles to countries which
are not members of W E U continued at a high
level, but are still below those of the years prior
to 1968, during which they reached their peak.
2. Warships
(a) Control activity
Control measures were carried out at ship
yards — combined in one instance with an agreed
non-production control measure — and at depots
and a unit under national command.
(6) Control of levels
Control measures were carried out at several
depots containing guided and other self-propelled
missiles, or launching ramps, at a number of
units under national command equipped with
these weapons and at production plants.
(b) Technical information visit
A t the invitation of the national authorities,
a visit was made to a shipyard in the United
Kingdom.
Inspections at certain depots provided an
opportunity for testing control methods applic
able to large guided missiles with nuclear capa
bility. As always in such cases, the nuclear
warheads were not inspected since these are not
available to member States in peacetime.
3. Military aircraft
(a) Production
Production and deliveries of aircraft men
tioned in the Council’s previous annual report
continued in 1971.
(c) Verification o f non-production undertakings
As in previous years, the Agency sent the
Government o f the Federal Republic of Germany
a request fo r annual information in order to
facilitate the A gency’s non-production control of
guided and long-range missiles.
(b) Control activity
Control measures were carried out at plants
producing airframes and missiles — coinciding
in two instances with agreed non-production
control measures — at units under national
command and at depots.
In the light of the reply received and after
careful study of the documentation assembled
29
DOCUM ENT
D . Situation et problèmes du contròie dans
567
cours des années sur l ’industrie intéressée dans ce
pays, l ’Agence n ’a pas jugé nécessaire d ’effectuer
des vérifications de non-fabrication en 1971.
certains domaines particuliers
En ce qui concerne les méthodes de controle,
la situation est restée dans l ’ensemble celle que le
Conseil avait décrite dans son précédent rapport
annuel à PAssemblée.
(d) Etudes documentaires et visites d’information
technique (V .I.T.)
L ’Agenee, qui s’efforce de se tenir au courant des techniques les plus récentes dans le
domaine des engins, a continué en 1971 de réunir
toutes les informations d ’intérót en ce qui con
cerne les engins susceptibles d ’etre produits en
Europe dans les prochaines années.
1. Engins guidés et autres engins autopropulsés
(a) Etat de la production et des stocks
Les fabrications d ’engins guidés et autres
engins autopropulsés réalisées dans les Etats
membres sur le continent européen out encore
augmenté en 1971. Dans certains pays, où jadis
n ’étaient produits que des engins guidés antichars, la tendance à étendre la fabrication à
d ’autres engins guidés s’est confirmée. La pro
duction d ’engins guidés complets reste toutefois
inférieure à ce qu’elle fut il y a quelques années.
Sur invitation des autorités nationales, des
visites d ’information technique ont été faites en
Belgique, en France, en Italie et au RoyaumeUni. Qu’il se soit agi de « salons », de presenta
tions de matériels, de visites d ’établissements de
fabrication ou de congrès spécialisés, elles ont
toutes été très utiles pour le maintien à jour des
connaissances techniques des experts.
Les exportations d ’engins guidés à destina
tion de pays non membres de l ’U.E.O. sont
demeurées importantes ; elles sont restées cependant inférieures à celles des années antérieures
à 1968, au cours desquelles elles avaient atteint
leur niveau le plus élevé.
2. Navires de guerre
(a) A ctivité de contròie
Des mesures de contróle ont été effectuées
dans des chantiers navals — l ’une d ’elles eomportant en meme temps une vérification consentie
de non-fabrication, ainsi que dans des dépóts
et dans une unité sous eommandement national.
(b) Contròie des niveaux
Des mesures de contróle ont été effectuées
dans de nombreux dépóts eontenant des engins
guidés et autres engins autopropulsés ou rampes
de lancement, dans plusieurs unités sous commandement national équipées de ces armes, ainsi
que dans des usines productrices.
(b) Visite d’information technique
Sur invitation des autorités nationales, une
visite a été faite dans un chantier naval au
Royaume-Uni.
| 21,705 |
pastandpresentm00cogoog_18
|
English-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,905 |
Past and present of Menard County, Illinois ..
|
Miller, R. D. (Robert Don), 1838-1928
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,205 | 10,695 |
Jolm Kennedy Kincaid si>ent the days of his iHiyliood and youth in the state of his nativity, pursued his education there and came to Illi- Digirizcd b'; Google PAST AND PRESENT OF MENARD COVNTY iiOL,>! t«'o years previous to tlii- removal of the other meiiiliers of the family, arriviii;r in this state in 1832. He made liis way up tlip Illi- nois river to Beardstown and walked from there to Springfield. Sood afterward lie removed to Menard county and devoted his time and ener- gies to various pursuits, following carpentering, fanning and srhool-tenching up to the time of hip marriage. He afterward gave his attention wehisiveiy to agrieiiltural pursuits and placed \i\> land under a very high slate of cultivation. Viewed from a financial standpoint, lie was en- tirely a self-made man, for when he arrived in Illinois he had a capital of only fifty dollars. .\s the years advanced and his financial re- joiirces increased he invested in land and be- came tlie owner of a valuable farming prop- erty, in the development and cultivation of which he acijuired prosperity. Ho labored per- sistently, his efforts directed by sound judg- iiicnt and strong purpose, and he lieeanic ree- oonizeil as one of the most snccessful, promi- nent and influential citizens of Menard county. In March, 18;iti, Mr. Kincaid wag united in marriage to Miss Tienna Williams, a daughter of James Williams, and for more than a half century they tra4'eled life's journey togetlier, sliaring with each other its joys and sorrows, its atlvcrsity and prosperity. They liecame the patents of fourteen children, but only five are nijw living. Mr. Kincaid was most devoted to Ills family and his pleasure was not in the ae- oiTnmlation of wealth, but in bestowing upon Ills wife and children the comforts tlint money cnulrl ^'cnre. He was also most generous in Ills support of the church and kindred move- ments, and the poor and needy found in him a «arm and lilieral friend. He was sixteen years "f age when his parents united with the Presby- terian church and at the same time liroiight all of their children under the holy ordinance of 'mjifisni. The impressive ceremony was never forgotten by John K. Kincaid and it waf= not long before he made public profession of his faith in religion, remaining to the close of his life a most earnest Christian, whose faith was priven by his works. Almost immediately after unilinfr with the church he and a young com- panion organized a Sunday -school, which met in his father's home, and later thev did a most meritorious work by forming a Sunday-school for the colored people. He was always deeply interested in the coloretl race and did much for the improvement of those who lived in his community. He rejoiced in the honor of lic- iug jwrsonally acquainted with the great emancipator, Abraham Lincoln, and his work in behalf of the black race was attended with good results. He was a frequent and generous contributor to the work of the board of freed- men. On coining to Illinois he joined the North Sangamon Presbyterian church, just two years after its organization, and on the 5th of June, 1837, ho was chosen ruling elder, which office he filled with marked fidelity and great ability for almost fifty years. He was active in the various departments of church work, was the teaciier of the Bible class in tbe Sunday- school for almost half a ccnturi' and labored not only for his local church, but also supported the various branches of. church work, being a lib- eral coutrihut^ir to home and foreign missions. The cause of education received his hearty en- dorsement and he did much for the local schools. He was one of the principal founders of the North Sangamon Academy, which for many years afforded the best preparatory prepa- ration for college in the county. Beform, progress and improvement might be termed the keynote of his cliaraeter. He departe<1 this life Feiiruary Ifi. 18ST, and his wife, who was bom May 4. 1817. passed away March 39. 1888. Theirs was a most congenial married relation and they were not long separated in death. Some one who knew Mr. Kincaid long and well said: "In him the union of business and Christian life was most beautifully portra,ved and lived. He improved his opportunities for material advancement, yet was never neglectful of his duties to his fellow men or his Creator, and he left behind him an example which is an inspiration to all who knew him." G. W. SPKARS. D. D. S. Dr. a. W. SiM'ars. engaged in the practice of deutislry in Petersburg, was born in Talliila, Menard county. May 1. ISfii). a son of G- C. and Elizabeth S]iears. the former liorn in Ken- PAST AND PRESENT OF MENARD COUNTY tucky on the 18th of April, 1822, while the lat- ter's birth occurred in Menard county. In their fanaily were nine children, of whom G. W, Spears is the seventh in order of birth. Reared under the parental roof, Dr. Spears devoted the greater part of his boyhood to the acquirement of a good education in the public schools of his native town, and when he had mastered the more specifically literary branches of knowledge he entered upon the mastery of the principles of dentistry, matriculating in the Chicago Dental College, where he completed the regular course and was graduated on the 1st of May, 1902. Immediately afterward he came to Petersburg. He did not imvc long to wait for patients and his business has grown continually, so that lie now has a large and gratifying practice. He is familiar with the latest methods known to the science, has his office equipped with the latest improved dental appliances, and his skill in performing the mechanical work connected with the profession has secured him a very desirable patronage, which indicates that he has found favor with the public. On the 1st of January, 1902, Dr. Spears was united in marriage to Miss Florence Wood, of Petersburg, a daughter of H. A. Wood, one of the old settlers and prominent residents of Menard county. The Doctor and his wife are members of the Christian church, have many friends and occupy an euviable position in social circles here. Fraternally he is connected with the Knights of Pythias lodge, and in the line of his profession he is a member of the Alumni Association of the Chicago Dental College and also belongs to the Illinois State Dental Soci- ety. He is a Republican in politics, but cares nothing for public office. OTTO P. LENZ. Few men are more prominent or more widely known in the enterprising city of Petersburg than Otto Ferdinand Lenz, who has been an important factor in business circles here, being connected with a number of industrial and commercial enterpriws which have direct and important bearing upon the commercial activ- ity and consequent progress and prosperity of his city. In his life work he displays many of the sterling characteristics of the German people from whom he came. He was bom in Arnswalde, in the province of Brandenburg, Germany, on the 4th of January, 1862. His paternal grandfather, William Lenz, was also a native of that locality and was a carpenter and builder. There he reared his family, in- eluding William Lenz, Jr., the father of our subject. He, too, became connected with build- ing operations and was thus engaged through- out the entire period of his business career. He married Henrietta Martin, also a native of the province of Brandenburg. Otto F. Lenz is indebted to the public school system 6( Germany for the educational privi- leges he enjoyed and remained under the pa- rental roof until eighteen years of age, when he resolved to try his fortune in the new world. Accordingly, in 1880, he came to the United States, making his way direct to Petersburg, Illinois, where he has since made his home, and in his business career he has steadily pro- gressed, making his energy and enterprise a commercial possibility, manifest in the suc- cessful control of various enterprises. For four years he was engaged in coal mining and in 1885 he began learning the bottling businrry. with which he has since been connected. In the sprint; of 1886 he established a plant of his own, developing the business now known as the Petersburg Bottling Works. Here be manufactures and bottles pure and high grade carbonated beverages, using none but distilled water, and the superior quality of the product brings a ready sale on the market. Mr. Lenz is also the proprietor of the Edmunds Mineral and Sulplio Hygcia Springs, the waters of which are famous on account of their medicinal qualities as shown under careful chemical anal- ysis. These springs are located across the river from Petersburg. The bottling business is now very extensive, his plant being fitted up with the latest improved machinery and facilities in that line, and his trade is constantly growing. Mr. Lenz has not limited his efforts, however, to this line of commercial activity, but has been the promoter of other busineBs interests and is now the vice president of the Petersburg Coal Dig:izccl^y V-H.Ht'^lC" ' / Digiiizodb, Google .Google U2^ci^/r£7^':?^~e,-'>z.,r^ >, Google >, Google PAST AND PRESENT OF MENARD COUNTY r MiDiQg Company and a director in the Virginia Canning Company, of Petersburg. He forms hiB plans readily, ia determined in their exe- cution and hia keen foreeigbt makes his judg- ment of value in trade transactions. On the 26th of April, 1889, Mr. Lenz was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Speulda, of Springfield, Illinois, a daughter of William S'peulda, who Teas for a number of years suc- cessfully engaged in the jewelry business in the capital city, where he died during the early girihood of his daughter Minnie. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Lenz have been born five children. two sons and three daughters; Carl, Hattie, Bertha, Paul and Marie. For almost a quarter of a century a resi- dent of Menard county, Mr. Lenz has figured in public affairs. He is pnhlic-splrited and in connection with the city government has pro- moted public measures of lasting benefit. He has never had occasion to regret his determina- tion to become on American citizen for in this country, where the road ot opportunity is open to ail, he has not only developed a profitable business but has also gained many warm and valued friendships. 209 JOHN E. WHITE. John E. White, now living in Athens pre- cinct, opened his eyes to the light of day on the old homestead farm in a log cabin, his birth occurring October 15, 1851, Although the farm was then largely unimproved it is now a well developed tract of land, the fields being rich and arable and returning to the owner a golden tribute for the care and labor he be- stows upon them. The parents of Mr. White were B. F. and Kachel E. (Roach) White, the former born February 27, 1819, in Laclede county, near St. Louis, Missouri. With his father, Robert White, he came from his native state to Illi- nois about 1823, the family home being estab- lished at Kickapoo, near Lincoln, where Robert White secured a tract of wild land and carried on farming for a short time. He afterward re- moved to within a quarter of a mile of the home farm of John E. White and there he carried on general agricultural pursuits and stock-raising until his death, being one of the early prominent settlers of this section of the state. As a pioneer he took helpful part in laying the foundation for present progress and prosperity, assisting materially in reclaiming the wild land for the purposes of civilization. R, F. White was reared on the old family home- stead aud assisted in the farm work, so that he gained practical knowledge ot the labor inci- dent to the improvement of the fields. He was also active in many public affairs, con- tributing to general progress, being one of the first trustees of the Indian Point school, his associate being Mr. Canby, a well known and highly honored old settler of Menard county. As a companion and helpmate for life's jour- ney R. F. White married Miss Rachel E. Roacn, who was bom near Nashville, Tennessee, on the 28th of February, 1824. They traveled life's journey together for many years, sharing with each other its joys and sorrows, adversity and prosperity and upon the old homestead farm now occupied by their son John E. they reared their family. The death of K. F. White oc- curred December 7, 1893, when he was seventy- five years of age, and his wife passed away on the 19th of February, 1894, at the age of sev- enty years. The county thus lost two of its well known pioneer residents, people whose worth was widely acknowledged. John E. White pursued his education in the Indian Point school and then and now known as tlic North Sangamon .\cademy. Later he at- tended Lincoln University and when he had acquired a good education he put aside his text- books and returned to the home farm, where he has continuously carried on agricultural pur- suits with the e.xcejition of one year, when he farmed near Irish Grove. He has been very practical as well as j^rogresaive in his methods. The field devoted one year to a certain kind of crop has the ne.\t year been used for the raising of a different cereal and thus the land has been kept in rich condition. The latest improved machinery has been used in carrying on the work of the farm and all modem equipmenta and accessories are found upon the White home- stead. Mr. White married Miss Erama Jane Derry, Dig :izcclT/V-H.H>y[C SIO PAST AND PRESENT OF MKNAlfD COL'NTY a daughter of James Sladisoii aud Martlia (Pol- lock) Dorry, both of whom arc now rfsidL-nts of I'fttTsburg, This niarriagt' has iiot'ii hlesst'd with thrw children: Letta K., who was born FtOiriiary SO, 188(i, and died August 2.1, 1888 : Edith K., who was horn July 8. 1889; and Hoh- CTl F.. born Xoveinher 4. 1897. The two yoLingiT children are yet at home, ilr. White is a trustee of the Lehanon cinne- tiTV and is an elder of the Lchiinon t'umlKTland Prcsliyterian church, to which his wife also lu'longs. He affiliates with the Indei^ndent Order of Odd Fellows at Atheui? and he ;iives his |)o!iticaI support to the Democratic party, as have his ancestors. He has never sought or desired office, leading a quiet life in this re- spect, liut in business he has always been found energetic and diligent, laboring earnestly to secure a comfortable conij)etencc that will en- able him to provide his family with all of the necessities and ninny of the luxuries of life. HKNItY S. H0I(1I1T0\. Henry S. Hougliton is capably conducting ini[)ortaut business interests and also carrying on agricultural pursuits in township ]!), ranjjc T west. He is a native son of Afcnard county, born on the l.^ttli of ,S<j)teiulier, 18(11. his pa- rents Ix'ing S. M. and Cherry (I.eiuar) Hough- ton, both of whom were natives of Kentucky. The father, who was boni Deecinix'r 1. 181(1. was l)rought to Illinois in his early boyhonil days and worked at farming in his youth, as- sisting in the arduous task of developing new land. TTis boyhood was largely a period of earnest toil. He helped to stipp<irt the family and later, when he found op|iortuiiily, ln' bought land at T.itlle drove and afterward pur- cha8e<l the tract of land upon which his son, Henry S., now resides. This he luijiroved. transfonnin.L' it into a cultivable tract, which yielded to him good harvests. He owned three hundred and ninety-six acres at the time of his demise, hiiviug almost (he entire aMU)iint under cultivation. Tie rais.'d and fed Tnany cattle and hogs for the market. He led a verv busv and useful lif.-. wliil,. in all his husinc-s" trans- actions his deniings were chiira<teri/ed by the strictest integrity. He was the owner of the first spring wagon in Menard county and ever manifested a pnjgressive spirit, which prompted him to use the latest improved machinery and to adopt new ideas that would prove of prac- tical IwDcfit. His death occurri'd on the l"rt!i of January, 1889. while his wife, who was born on the 18th of February. 1818, survived him for inoi-e than iiftwn years, passing away March 30, 1»(J4. They were married in Sanga- mon eonnty. Illinois, and they became the pa- rents of ten children: John and Harriet, who died in iufaiicy: Kliza and Catherine, also de- ceased; Anna, who died at the age of eight yeai-s; Emma, the wife of Jolin Waring; Wal- ter, who is married and resides in Bradley, Illinois; Mary Ellen, who is married and makes her home in Mi.ssouri: Henry S ; and Elvira, who is the wife of B. H. Huteherson and re- sides in Petersburg, .\t the usnal age Henry S. Houghton (Ti- tercd the public schools and when not engaged with the duties of the school room he performed such labor upon the home farm as his age and strength wonld permit. He continued to reside on the old homestead until his marriage, when he began working for himself and later he took charge of the old home property. Ix'ing at that time' about twenty-five years of age. He has since carried on general farming aud stock- raising and annually feeds and ships to the market about two carloads of cattle and two hundred head of hogs. He owns as fine a team of Xnrniaii thn'C-year-ohl colts as can be found in ^lenard county, bred by Gaines nre<'n. He bought out the interest of the other heirs in the old home place and now owns three hundrcfl and scvonty-si.'i acres of land, which is very valuable and productive. He administered his father's estate, acting without a bond and in August. 1904. was discharged front that oihce. having settled up the busines-;. His father trnstc^l him entirely with the prop- erty valued at twenty thousand dollars. He has always bti'ii progressive in his farm work and be introduced the first corn cutter and liind^'r in (he northern part of the county. In a.l.lition to his farming interests he is the su|ierinfciidcnt of the Sand Ridge Pole & Line Telephone Company. In eonnoetion with C. Digirizcd by Google H. S. HOUGHTON. MHS. S. il. HOIGHTON. S. M. HOURHTOX. .1. M. lU'TLKDOK. Xrns. H. S. HOUGHTOX. Digiiizodb, Google db, Google PAST AND PRESENT OF MENARD COUNTY 213 W. Shipley and W. D. Masters he organized the company and Mr. Houghton built the lines and pushed the work to successful completion. He is also inspector and collector for the Cen- tral Union Telephone Company in the Sand Ridge district and he is the secretary of the Concord Cemetery Association. Mr. Houghton was married Fehruary 15, 1882, to Miss Emma Rutledge, a daughter of James M. and Margaret (Haxris) Rutledge, the former a native of Tennessee and the latter a native of Kentucky, bom on the 8th of Octo- ber, 1821. They were married in Sangamon county, Illinois. Mr. Rutledge had come to Menard county with his parents when a mere lad, the family home being established about four miles north of Petersburg. There he con- tinued to reside until twenty-six years of age, when he was married and began farming for himself. Ho also engaged in stock-raising. He carried the chain for Abraham Lincoln when he was making the surveys in this part of the state and worked with him many days. On one of his trips to St. Louis with Abraham Lincoln and his uncle John Rutledge they saw a white man whipping a negro and Mr. Lin- mln remarked that if he had the power he would put a stop to that, little thinking that some day it would he within his power to loosen the bonds that fettered three million slave people. While driving hogs from his home to the Beardstown market on one oc- casion Mr. Rutledge, then but a boy, was chased hy wolves, but he succeeded in driving the ani- mals away and returned to his home in safety. For many years he carried on general farming, but about six years prior to his death he left the farm and removed to Petersburg, where he lived retired until called to his final rest. Unto him and his wife were bom fourteen children, seven sons and seven daughters, of whom sir are now living: Mary, the wife of John Moore, a resident of Petersburg; James B.. who is married and resides in Missouri; Harriet, who is the wife of Andrew Park; Catherine, the wife of John Clary; Mrs. Hoiighton ; and Harvey, who is married and resides in Springfield. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Houghton has been blessed with one son and three daughters: Charles E., who mar- ried Mrs. Daisy Dowell; Celestine M., Kittie C. and Ruth F., all at home. A stanch Republican in his political views, Mr. Houghton has served for one term as coun- ty commissioner, filling that office for a term beginning in 18118. He has been chairman of the county hoard for two years and he has l>een school director and trustee for twelve years, while at the present time he is one of the di- rectors of the old Salem Chautauqua. He be- longs to the Petersburg Driving Club, is a member of Clinton lodge. No. 19, A. F. & A. M., of Petersburg, and is a charter member of the Court of Honor there. He and his family hold menibership in the Christian church and he is a most liberal and public- spirited man. He possesses the qualities of a successful business man and a desirable so- cial companion, and among his more strongly marked characteristics is his unswerving fideli- ty to duty. His private interests must always give way to the public good, and thus he has become honored and esteemed by all who have file pleasure of his acquaintance or who have met him in a business way. ALEXANDER DONALDSON. Alexander Donaldson, a representative of one of the old and valued families of Menard coun- ty, was bom in this county, on the I8th of April, 1871, his parents being Walker Richard and Rebecca (Sowers) Donaldson. The father was a native of Bath county, Kentucky, bom on the 16th of July, 1834, and died on the 10th of January, 1892. The mother, who was born in Ohio, died February 10, 1898, at the age of fifty-seven years, seven months and eight days. R. W. Donaldson came to Menard county when twenty-one years of age and was married here by R. D. Miller. Here he successfully carried on agricultural pursuits for many years and reared his family upon the home farm. Alexander Donaldson spent the days of his boyhood and youth in the usual manner of farmer lads of the present day period. He has resided continuously upon the old homestead, where he now carries on general farming and stock-raising and in his work he manifests L:g:izccl^y V-H.H»' .^le 211 PAST AND PRIiSENT OF MEXAKD COUXTY gowl buaincsB ability, careful iiianajrcniont and unfaltering purjiose. On the 14tli of February, 18»'J, occurred the inarria^'e of Mr. Donaldson and ^[i^s Lizzie Ailisiiii. Her parunts, James and Ann (Mont- ;,'ijin(;rv) Allison, were nativi'S of In-land. the foriricr Iwrn in yfjitenilier, lH'.iri, and llie lat- ter in May of the game year. They lianic to lire Fnited States in l«-",8, locating in Deljuvare, where tliey resided for sonic time. In 18C4 tliey arrived in Petcrsliurg. Illinois, and re- mained n^sidenls of Menard county until 1!HJ2, Mr. Allison carrying on the oL-cupation of farm- ing. In IWi, however, he removed to Logan county, where he now makes his home He had visited America when fifteen years of age, but had flftiTward returned to Ireland, and sub- sequent to his marriage again came to the Tnitcd States, believing that he would have bet- ter business o|(|(ortunitics in the new world. In this lioiK' he was not mistaken, for he found the o])p<)rtunitics he sought and by diligence and persistent energy lie iias worked his way steadily upward from a huinlile financial posi- tion to one of affluence. Unto hiiu and his wife were born si'veti children : Martha, James, Wil- liam, Klizaheth, Sarah, John and Alexander. I'lito Mr. untl Mrs. Donaldson has been bom a daughter, Dorothy I'., whose liirth oeeurred September IS, 1!M)U. Mr. Donalds(ui, whosi' wiirth and ability are rceognixed by his fellow townsmen, has l>een ealled to serve as wehool direilor, having occu- pied the jiosition for two years, lie votes with the Democracy and W interested in the growth ami uiihuihling of the parly, keeping well iiL- formeil on the ipiestioiis and issues of the day. His wife is a member of the CundMTland Pres- |ieo])le of the I'onimuuity, lia\ing many warm friends in Menard .■oiintv. JIIXiK MILTON' B. IIAUHISON. .Judge Milton B. Harris.m, who died Xo- vendier ■»!, I!l0!. was one of the most dislin- -ui-^hed iawy.Ts ihat lias ever practiced at the Menard county bar. \o |.olitieal pref.Tment ..r our.' place 'eaii ever add to the |")wer or in- crcasi' the honor which belongs to a true and educated lawyer. It is well known that the peace and prosperity of every coniniunity, in fact, of the nation, depends upon a wise inter- pretation as well as upon a judicious franiing of the law. A well known jurist of Illinois said, "Jn the American state the great and good lawyer must always Ix; prominent, for he is one of the forces that control society." Judge Harrison ranked with the distinguished representatives of the Menard county bar and always stood as a safe conservator of the rights and liberties of the people. He was tiic de- fender of popular interest.^ the cham|)ion of freedom regulated by law and the firm sup- ])orter of good government. Moreover, he was one of the native pioneer sons of Menard oiiin- ty, Illinois, and it is therefore with signal consistency that we present the record of his career. His was a life of nuirked fidelity to duty, of exceptional ability and comprehensive understanding of the principles of jurispru- dence. He stood as the arbitrater of justice, was impartial, of well balanced intellect, was thoroughly familiar with the law. [lossessed an analytical nnnd and also a self-control that en- abled him to lose his individuality, his [M'rsonal feelings, his jirejudice and liis peculiarities of disposition in the dignity, impartiality and e<|uity of the office to which life, property, right and liberty must look for protection. Jlilton Bryant Harrison was born June 7, 1H24, on the old family homestead now owned iiy Harry Houghton, south of the city of Peters- burg. He was a s(m of Kzekiel Brian Harri- son, a minister, who was born in A'irginia. July lit, i;8(i. The mother, who bore Hie nuiidcn nauu' of .\nn James Bell, was born in the same state. June 14, 1799. His paternal grandparents were Kzekiel H. and Mary (Brian) Harrison, also natives of Virginia. llis parents were imtrried in Rockingham coun- ty of the Old Dominion and removed with their family in 1H'J;( to Menard county. They had ten children, of whom Mre. Kuwh Megrcdy is now the only surviving memln'r. Jiid^e Harrison liegan bis education in a log sehoolhouse at Old Salem. The little "temple of learning" had slab seats ii[>on wooden l>egs. oil paper taking the place of window glass. 1 izccl^y V-H.H»yiC Digiiizodb, Google ^li^^ii^ A^.J^M '/^**<>Vt> Digiiizodb, Google ,/'' n-rC 0, J (^ rt- \ Digiiizodb, Google >, Google >, Google >, Google PAST AXD PKIOSEXT OF MEXAHD COUNTY ni) and tlic room wag lieatcd liy an iiiiiiientic (irt- pliitr. 'I'lie ti'iK-lii'c was Menter (Jraliaiii. His Mx.oii(l ti'adii-r was Tlioiiias J. Nance, wlio liold #way in au uhirt nwm in tln' ri'sldciK-e of . lames (Joidsliv and Jud^'p Harrison wat^ then >i'\eii vcar^ of ago. His third toai-h(T was S. S];a;rgs and the scIiodI was lield in a vacant lioiisi' on (!oI(Isl>y"s farm. Jli- aftenvord oon- liiHU'd his stiidicii in a room in tlif residence of Jc-^se Maltl.y. ilie teacher Mn^ Jlis.s Bonney. The next sHhm)! wliich lie altonded was taught in a vacjiiit !nnisii on the farm of liis limtiicr, .lohii ]larrison. tlif teaclicr Wma Miss Kniily t'liaiidler, wlio was also Ijis tirsr SnTiday-sc-hnol teacliiT. Again Ite hecanie a student under Mentcr ({raliam at tlu- Tlanlslu^ll Haiitit^t fhureii. followed hy study under l.cwi^ B. Wynne. At the age of nine years lie atti^ridod llic Fanner*; Point school, the building having Wn crcch-d hy ids fatluT. H. H. Harris<.n. J.s>e Titalthy and James B. (loldshy. Sr. and others. His suhse([ucnt teachcvs wci-e .1. F. Uarrison. John (h)ldsl.y and It. j.ightfonl. I^tiT he attended school in Pctcrsliurg, wIuto ho leceived instruction fmni F. McCarty and <■. B. Waldo. He was also a .-^Indent imdir AV. C. Pierce at Lick f'nvk in Sangiiun>n county and it was in that locality near l-oanii that lie taught his first school in 184(1. While a student in early lioyhood he studied his s|)ell- iug at night hy the light of th.> )>iiu' knols. for there were too many others in the faiiiily sitting around tlie tallosv candle for I he yimnger memlici-s of the household to gel near the lijtht. While teaching school h<- studied law at night just lo know it and |irofitai>ly einjiioyod Ids time, while keeiiing u|) his haliit of remaining home ovciiings while other young men playi'd games "out." Later he conducted a tanyard and a hrickyard on land wist of his hotuo. He afterward turned his attention to the bakery business in 1847 in Petersburg in connection with Ocorge Davidson and con- ducted this until the fall of 1818. when he sold out. In tiip s|)ringof IKin. when twenty- five years of age, he entered into ])artnersbi[i with J. F. Harrison, with whmn he renuiincd fur a year, after which he engaged in teaching school. From 18ri;! until l«r..^> he was again with J. !■'. Harrison as a merchant of Peters- burg and later was with C. L. Cariiian, who was snuwled by his brother, E. «, F. Uarri- soiv. This ]iarlnorship lasted for t«'o yeara, when .Judge Harrison iiurdiased his brother's interest- !!<■ was again with J. F. Harrison from lH(l.-> until I8C.!I, and was with Jl. F. Moore from I8i;!t until 18r;i. under the finn name of Harrison & Moore. For some time he was thus assm'iated with mercantile inter- ' ests and dis|)laycd excellent business ability and executive force. He was also called to public duties, hcing made deputy collector of internal reveniie of the ninth congr<s-ional district of Illinois under W. U. (inen. On the -^Otii of Janmiry, isru. he was appointed colleelor of internal revenue by Abraham Lincoln, which oHice be IJlletl until failing health compeUed him to risign. During a part of that time be made an enrollment for Menard county of the persons subject to draft aiul was himself enrolled in both llcnard and Fulton counties. It was his earnest desire to go to the front in defense of tliC I'nion and the old Hag, hut his health would not permit. He. Iioivevcr. was a most ])atriolic and loyal-sjiiriled man and rlid everything in his power at home to jiro- motc the progress of the war anrl secure the triumph of the I'nion arms. Judge Harrison finally ilcehled to try farm- ing ill order that the outdoor exercise might prove beneficial io his health, which had bc- conic greatly impaired during the close eon- lineinent in tlie slierilfs oHice. For several years he followed agricultural jinrsuils west of Springfielil and in 188:i he removed with his family to Fureka Springs. Arkansas, in the hope of iH'ing benefited physically, for his licaltli was still in a prmirioiis condition. After thirteen mimths among the mountains and springs in that jiart of the e(nintrv he re- turm-d with his family to the farm, whn-e they resided for a few months and then established his home in Petcrslnirg in order that he might educate his daughters in the city. 'I'lierc he resided up to the time of his death, which occurred on Thanksgiving evening at 8:20, Xovember 24. 1!!04. Tims jiassed away a man of unimpeachaljlc character. His jih' was a rewrd of honi'sty. justice, patience, urbanity ml industrv Dig:izcd^y V-H.Hr .gle PAST AND PRESENT OF MENARD COUNTY Judge Harrison's political support was ever given to tlie Republican party. In 1846, when twenty-two years of age, he cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln, then a candidate for congress. He had been acquainted with Lin- coin at. Old Salem wlicn the martyred presi- dt!nt there worked in a mill, to which Judge Harrison would often carry corn on hoischack to be ground. He again voted for Lincoln in 18G0, when he became candidate for the presi- dency. Judge Harrison was married to ilrs. Mel- drum Sutton, nee Hunter, on New Year's eve at Jacksonville Centenary church just at the close of a watch meeting in 1870. Her death occurred October 2, 18!)9, and thus lie survived her for five years. She had licen a fitting com- panion of her husband, possessing a bright, sunny disposition, combined with a quiet, mod- est demeanor. She was educated in Jackson- ville Academy. She was a kind and loving wife and mother and had a host of warm friends. Her interests centered in her home, which was justly celebrated for its hospital- itj', and because of her many good traits of character she was beloved by all who knew her. Unto Judge and Mrs. Harrison were born two children. M. H. Belle is now the wife of Bar- ton S. Osbom, who resides on a farm four miles south of Petersburg, and they have two children, George Harrison and Ernest Bar- ton. Miss Frances Harrison, the younger daughter, is also a resident of Menard county. Judge Harrison became a member of the Methodist diureJi when fourteen years of age, a society being formed at his home, and lived a consistent Christian life, being an earnest worker in bolialf of the cause of religion and of education. In fact, he stood as the cham- pion of every measure which he believed would contribute to the general good. The beautiful new ilethodist church west of the square is a fitting monument to his untiring efforts in tlic work for his Master. In private life he was distinguished by all that marked the true gentleman. His was a noble character, one that subordinated jiersonal ambition to public good and sought rather the benefit of others than the aggrandizement of self. Tn Menard county, where he spent almost his entire life, he was numbered among the most honored citi- zens and received the litgliest regard and esteem of people of all classes. It was his earnest wish — often expressed — that his accounts might be settled for both this world and the next and that he might owe no man anything when he died. Justice and right permeated his en- tire career. He was a kind, loving and indul- gent husband and father and his splendid qual- ities so endeared him to those with whom he came in contact that at his death Menard county mourned the loss of one of its most honored and representative citizens. AECHIE S. KIXCAID. Archie S'. Kincaid, whose fine modern resi- dence stands in the midst of a well-improved tract of land constituting one of the fine farms of township 18, is a representative of the younger generation of agriculturists who are proving to what a high state of development the land of Menard county can be brought through modem farming methods. A native of this county, he was bom February 24, ISTT. and is a son of John A. and Etta G. (Sim]>- son) Kincaid, who are also natives of Slenard county, the father bom March 24, 1845, and the mother April 8, 1845. In his youth John A. Kincaid sssisted his father in breaking the prairie land with ox teams and otherwise as- sisted in the arduous task of developing a new farm. He was but twelve years of age when the schoolhouse at Indian Point was built, and he hauled the water that was used in mixing the mortar. He was about twenty years of ago when he went to Iowa, where he became connected with the cattle industry, assisting in driving cattle from that state to Illinois. He was thus engaged for two years. The cattle thus brought to ^fenard countv' were fed by his father and others and afterward sold in the city markets. His father was extensively en- gaged in feeding both cattle and hogs, bavins from one hundred and fifty to two hundred head of cattle each year. John A. Kincaid remained at home until twenty-five or twenty-six years of age, when he began farming for himself, ami for many years he figured as one of the z^^^OO' .gle PAST AND PRESENT OF MENAED COUNTY 221 more progresBive and successful agriculturists of this coonly. At the age of twenty-eight years he married Miss Etta G. Simpson, and they began their domestic life on his farm. He continued to carry on the work of the farm until 1895, when, in order to educaie his children, he removed to Champaign, whore he lived until 1902, when he took up his abode in Springfield, where he is now living a re- tired life. Id 1897 he met with the misfor- tune of losing his right hand in a planer, being engaged in the planing-mill business in Champaign at that time. After the accident he sold his planing-mill and removed to Springfield, where he is now enjoying a well- merited rest from further labor. Unto Mr. and Mrs. John A. Kincaid have been bom eight children, four sons and four daughters: Charles H., who was bom May 8, 1875, and is now living in Arkansas; Archie S.; Laura, who was bom October 20, 1879, and is living at home with her parents ; Prank B., who was born September 10, 1880. and who has recently returned from the Philip- pines, having served as a member of Troop A, Fifteenth United States Cavalry; Hugh S., who was bom October 23, 1882, and is living in Colorado: Edna M., bom August 23, 1885^ Maud, bom June 12, 1888, and Pearl, born May 9, 1891, all at home. Archie S. Kincaid was provided with liberal educational privileges. After attending the public schools at Indian Point he attended the high school at Champaign, Illinois, from which he was graduated, and then entered the State University there, in which institution his education was completed, well qualifying him for the conduct of his business interc?t!< and the discharge of life's practical and re- sponsible duties. He was always interested in athletics, and while attending the high school was a member of the football team and also of the Athletic Association. The Champaign was the champion high school team of the state and Mr. Kincaid won several medals in athletic meets. After completing his education Mr. Kin- caid purchased his brother's interest in some live stock and farm implements, which he had owned conjointly with Jack Flanigan, with whom our subject remained in partnership for a year. Their business relationship was then dissolved and Mr. Kincaid has since been in business alone, raising cattle, hogs and horses. He is also extensively engaged in the raising of grain and soils from two to three thousatid bushels of corn and from ton to fifteen liun- dred bushels of oats each year. He has just completed a commodious modern residence upon his farm, which was built after plans which he drew and which is one of the most at- tractive homes of his part of the county. Mr. Kincaid married Miss Idella Mellingor, ii daughter of William C. and Jennie (Wig- gins) Mellinger. Her father, born December 8, 1848, is still living, but her mother died August 33, 1888. Both were natives of Sanga- mon county and Mr. Mellinger was educated in the public schools there and remained at home with hie parents until twenty-two years of age, after which he began farming on his own ac- count, and has continued in this business down to the present time, now operating two hun- dred acres of land in Menard county. He has also engaged in the raising of hogs and cattle and has a good property, which his la- bors have made a profitable investment. Unto him and his wife were bom four children: Idella, born October 5, 1880; Clarence, horn January 17, 1883; Annie, born August 29, 1885; and Florence, August 21, 1887. After losing his first wife Mr. Mellinger married Mrs, Anna L, Cantrall, and they have one son, Sherman S., bom December 14, 1891. Mr, and Mrs, Kincaid are well known in social circles, having many friends, and they enjoy the unqualified regard of all who know them. In politics Mr, Kincaid is a Hepublican and in public matters he is interested, espe- cially where they have direct bearing upon the county and its welfare. WALTER S. TAYLOR, M. D. Dr. Walter Sherwood Taylor, who ia engaged in the general practice of medicine and surgery in Tallnla. was born on the 8th of July, 1873, in the town of Milo, Bureau county, Illinois. He is a son of Dr. William L. and Emma H, i 2-i2 PAST AND PRESENT OF J[ENARD COUNTY (Joiiks) Tiiylor. The Taylor family is of Scotch-Irish origin iiiul Dr. William L. Tavlor wan ijorii ill Ki'iitiieky, wliore he spent Die days of his tiovhooil aiid youth. Frt'pariiif^ for tlie practice of mctliciiio. iic afterwanl eiiyayeil in |m>fessioiial (hities for sonic time, hut suhse- (picTitly cii^'ii^Tti in the mil-cstatc hiisim's*;. lie died ill St. Louis. Jiissoiiri. in 1«T(;. Dr. W'jiltcr S. Taylor, havinj^ ac(|iiired a f;ood literary cdiuiitioii. eiitercfl upon preparation for the practice of incdiciiic as a sindcnt in Barms Medical Collc-c of St. I.ouis. Mi.^sonri. lie was ^rradualcd with the class of ]S1I!I ami opcni'd an ollice at ('nrran, Illinois, imt after a short time ivent to Hiilfalo. this state. Suhso- (pu'iitly he removed fo J)envcr, Colorado, for the Iieneiit of his own health, and on tlio e\- |iiration of that period he returned to Talhilo. wliCR' lie liveil for a short time prior to the period of his residence in the west. I'lwn apiin coniinfi to Tallula he piircliascd property and he now has a jiood [mictiee in the town and siir- ronndin;.' country. He is a mcniher of the Me- nard County Medical Society and the IIHiiois State Medical Society. In addition to iii;. eol- lepiatc work he enjoyed the l;cnclit of a year's !ios|iital e.xjMTienee an.l he entered opon lhe practice of medicine and sitrfjery well ei|ui|i[ied for the arduous duties which devolve ii].on the physician. Tiie |nihlic recojinizes his ea|ia- hility and accords httii a liheral palmnafie.
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C198-COP(2022)1_ET_Art.6_fr.txt_4
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4. En Russie, il n’existe pas de bureau centralisé chargé de gérer les biens saisis. Les services
répressifs gèrent la plupart des biens qu’ils saisissent au cours de l’enquête. Toutefois, une
fois confisqués, les biens sont remis à l’Agence fédérale de gestion des biens, qui procède à
leur estimation et les vend aux enchères avec l’assistance de prestataires agréés.
Mise en œuvre effective
5. Dans les réponses au Questionnaire de 2022, la Fédération de Russie n’a fourni aucune
information sur la gestion efficace des biens saisis.
Conclusion/Recommandation
6. En Russie, le système juridique prévoit une mesure de stockage des instruments saisis et
des produits du crime, qui, dans une certaine mesure, correspond aux dispositions de
l’article 6. Aucune procédure ne permet de gérer efficacement les différents types de biens, y
compris des biens complexes tels que des titres, des sociétés, des monnaies virtuelles, etc.
En outre, étant donné qu’il n’est pas possible de confisquer les biens d’une valeur équivalente,
cela produit un effet en cascade sur la mise en œuvre de l’article 6 de la Convention de
Varsovie. Par conséquent, il est recommandé aux autorités de prendre les mesures
législatives nécessaires pour assurer la gestion des biens saisis comme le prévoit l’article 6
de la Convention de Varsovie, et d’y inclure les biens d’une valeur équivalente.
Saint-Marin
1. À Saint-Marin, des mesures législatives ont été adoptées pour faciliter la saisie des
instruments du crime, des produits du crime et des biens d’une valeur équivalente aux fins
d’une confiscation. En outre, aucune question concernant les biens soumis à saisie et
confiscation n’a été soulevée dans le REM du 5e cycle établi par MONEYVAL en 2020 : la
Recommandation 4 a été notée « conforme ». Une fois les biens saisis, les autorités ont
indiqué que des mesures étaient en place pour assurer leur gestion adéquate. Les autorités
ont également mentionné les dispositions juridiques suivantes relatives à la gestion des biens
saisis/confisqués : (i) l’article 147 du Code pénal (confiscation); (ii) l’article 58 quater du Code
de procédure pénale (injonction de conservation et préenregistrement du privilège) ; (iii)
l’article 58 quinquies du Code de procédure pénale (saisie préventive) et (iv) l’article 58 sexies
du Code de procédure pénale (saisie préventive aux fins de la confiscation et confiscation en
cas d’extinction de l’infraction). Ces articles, pour la plupart, font toutefois référence à la
nécessité de préserver les éléments de preuve afin d’établir les faits et la vérité dans une
procédure pénale. Par ailleurs, les règles et les principes qui permettent au juge d’avoir
recours à des experts et à des dépositaires présentent un intérêt pour la gestion des biens.
2. Compte tenu de la petite taille du pays, aucune autorité n’est spécialisée dans la gestion
des biens saisis et confisqués. Le juge d’instruction gère les biens saisis et confisqués. Afin
de préserver la valeur de ces biens, le juge peut désigner un expert chargé de leur gestion.
41
Des experts sont essentiellement désignés dans le cas de biens meubles non monétaires (par
exemple des biens immobiliers) ou pour la gestion d’actions saisies ou confisquées. Lorsque
des fonds sont gelés, le juge d’instruction décide au cas par cas si les fonds resteront sur le
compte bancaire existant ou s’ils seront transférés sur un nouveau compte bancaire ouvert à
la Banque centrale. Dans le décret, le juge précise les conditions et les modalités du mandat.
L’expert est tenu de rendre compte de toutes ses actions au juge et de demander l’autorisation
d’agir. Il n’existe pas de règles spécifiques régissant la gestion des différents actifs, ni de
règles spécifiques prévoyant la possibilité de vendre les biens saisis avant que la confiscation
ne soit ordonnée.
3. Dans le REM du 5e cycle sur Saint-Marin, il a été relevé que le système existant de gestion
des biens fonctionne bien dans les affaires mineures. Toutefois, il pourrait rapidement
atteindre ses limites dans des affaires complexes impliquant de multiples saisies de produits
(comme des voitures, des bateaux, des biens immobiliers avec de multiples locataires, des
actions et des obligations). Dans son rapport, MONEYVAL encourage Saint-Marin à envisager
de créer une structure qui se consacre directement à la gestion des biens – s’il ne doit pas
nécessairement s’agir d’une autorité à vocation unique, et si elle pourrait relever d’une autre
institution, une unité de spécialistes de la gestion des biens renforcerait l’efficacité du système
tout en délestant les membres de l’ordre judiciaire d’une tâche qui vient s’ajouter à leurs
fonctions habituelles.
Mise en œuvre effective
4. Les autorités ont cité l’exemple d’une société détenant de nombreux biens, qui ont été saisis
puis confiés à un expert, ce qui montre que le cadre juridique, tel qu’il est décrit ci-dessus, est
appliqué dans la pratique.
Conclusion/Recommandation
5. À Saint-Marin, des mesures ont été mises en place pour faciliter la gestion des biens gelés
et saisis comme le prévoit l’article 6. Les autorités sont encouragées à donner suite aux
conclusions et recommandations relatives à la gestion des biens qui sont contenues dans le
REM du 5e cycle de MONEYVAL concernant Saint-Marin.
Serbie
1. La législation serbe prévoit la gestion des biens saisis et confisqués provenant des
infractions pénales énumérées dans la loi sur la confiscation des biens provenant d’une
activité criminelle (article 3). En outre, la loi inclut la définition des biens découlant d’une
activité criminelle et couvre les biens qui sont manifestement disproportionnés par rapport aux
revenus légitimes de la personne accusée. La Serbie a été notée « largement conforme » au
titre de la Recommandation 4 dans son REM du 5e cycle établi par MONEYVAL en 2015, des
lacunes ayant été relevées seulement en ce qui concerne la confiscation de certains
instruments du crime.
2. Dans leurs réponses au Questionnaire de 2022, les autorités ont indiqué qu’une direction
spéciale au sein du ministère de la Justice était chargée de gérer les biens saisis et confisqués
(article 8 de la loi). Les actifs peuvent être gérés d’une des manières suivantes : (i) laisser le
bien entre les mains de son propriétaire ; (ii) confier à une autre personne physique ou morale
la gestion des biens saisis à titre temporaire ; (iii) déposer les biens pour qu’ils soient protégés
par des établissements spécialisés (biens historiques, artistiques et scientifiques) ; et (iv)
déposer les devises étrangères, les métaux précieux, les pierres précieuses et
semi-précieuses et les perles saisis à la Banque nationale de Serbie à des fins de
42
conservation. Dans tous les cas, la direction gère les biens saisis avec la diligence voulue
et/ou avec tout le professionnalisme requis. Afin de garantir la valeur des biens saisis à titre
temporaire, la direction peut vendre les biens meubles. Si ces mesures revêtent de
l’importance dans le cadre de la gestion des biens, les autorités n’ont pas précisé si d’autres
mesures avaient été mises en place (par exemple des procédures de gestion des biens
immeubles, de personnes morales/sociétés, etc.).
Mise en œuvre effective
3. Les autorités ont fourni des statistiques sur les différents types de biens saisis qui étaient
manifestement disproportionnés par rapport aux revenus légitimes de la personne concernée,
pour la période 2019-2021. D’après ces données, on peut observer que la direction a géré
différents types de biens tels que des maisons, des locaux professionnels, des véhicules. Si
ces cas montrent que certains aspects du système de gestion des biens sont effectivement
mis en œuvre, aucune information n’a été fournie sur le mécanisme de préservation de la
valeur des biens saisis ou confisqués.
Conclusion/Recommandation
4. En Serbie, des mesures législatives ont été mises en place pour faciliter la gestion des
biens saisis qui sont manifestement disproportionnés par rapport aux revenus légitimes de la
personne accusée. Le cadre existant tient largement compte des exigences de l’article 6.
Compte tenu de la lacune relevée en ce qui concerne certains types d’instruments, il est
recommandé aux autorités d’ajouter cet élément dans le cadre des biens faisant l’objet d’une
mesure de saisie et donc soumis à gestion comme le prévoit l’article 6 de la convention. En
outre, les autorités devraient envisager d’élaborer des procédures de gestion des différents
types de biens, y compris ceux qui sont complexes.
République slovaque
1. En Slovaquie, différentes mesures législatives ont été introduites pour faciliter la gestion
des biens saisis. Afin de déterminer quelles sont les autorités compétentes pour gérer les
biens saisis, il convient d’établir si ces derniers sont utilisés ou non à titre d’éléments de preuve
dans une procédure pénale. Dans l’hypothèse où les biens saisis ne sont pas présentés à titre
d’éléments de preuve, ils sont gérés conformément aux dispositions juridiques prévues dans
la loi nº 312/2020 (articles 10 à 15).
2. La Slovaquie a été notée « largement conforme » au titre de la Recommandation 4 dans le
REM du 5e cycle établi par MONEYVAL en 2020, dans lequel des lacunes ont été relevées
concernant la confiscation des biens blanchis et la confiscation des biens détenus par des
tiers.
3. En vertu de la loi nº 312/2020, il convient d’empêcher que les biens saisis ne fassent l’objet
d’une dépréciation déraisonnable. En outre, il y a lieu de veiller à ce que leur valeur augmente.
La loi précise aussi toutes les possibilités offertes lors de la gestion des différents types de
biens, y compris la participation. Certains des outils de gestion comprennent le droit de
demander une indemnisation pour le préjudice subi, de suivre régulièrement les paiements
des débiteurs, de demander l’invalidité d’un acte juridique ou de contester une mesure
juridique prise par un tiers qui se traduit par une transmission frauduleuse concernant les
biens saisis. Une procédure a également été mise en place pour la vente anticipée des biens
saisis avant confiscation.
43
4. En août 2021, les autorités ont créé une agence spécialisée, le Bureau de gestion des biens
saisis, qui est chargé de gérer les biens susmentionnés. Dans les cas où une expertise
spécifique est requise, le Bureau peut confier la gestion des biens à une personne habilitée
ou à un dépositaire agréé.
5. Dans leurs réponses au Questionnaire de 2022, les autorités ont indiqué que des règles
différentes s’appliquaient dans le cadre de la gestion des biens nécessaires à des fins de
preuve. En outre, dans ce cas, les biens sont gérés conformément aux règles énoncées dans
le règlement nº 175/2010 du ministre de l’Intérieur. Ces biens sont conservés par la police, le
ministère public ou le tribunal ayant ordonné la saisie. Si les biens saisis présentent des
caractéristiques telles qu’ils nécessitent de faire l’objet d’une mesure de conservation
spéciale, ils peuvent être confiés à une autre autorité ou à une autre personne physique ou
morale. S’il existe une procédure pour la destruction et la vente anticipée de tels biens, aucune
autre procédure n’a été mise en place concernant leur gestion tant qu'ils sont utilisés à titre
de preuve au cours des procédures pénales. Les autorités ont confirmé que dans le cas où
ces biens ne seraient plus utilisés à des fins de preuve, ils seraient remis à l'Office ou à un
autre organisme, conformément aux articles 94(2) et 98(a) du CPC.
Mise en œuvre effective
6. Depuis la création du Bureau de gestion des biens saisis, les autorités ont indiqué qu’elles
géraient d’importants volumes de biens saisis, dont des biens immobiliers, des véhicules, des
entreprises/sociétés et des actifs financiers sous la forme de titres ainsi que des fonds
déposés sur différents comptes bancaires. Si les rapporteurs reconnaissent les résultats
obtenus par cette nouvelle institution, il serait nécessaire, aux fins d’évaluation de l’efficacité,
de citer des exemples de mesures précises prises dans le cadre de la gestion de biens
générant des revenus.
Conclusion/ Recommandations
7. La Slovaquie a pris des mesures législatives et autres afin d’assurer la gestion des biens
saisis qui sont largement conformes à l’article 6 de la convention. Si la création d’une unité
spécialisée pour la gestion des biens et l’élaboration de règles particulières constituent une
avancée positive, une lacune demeure concernant la confiscation et donc la gestion des biens
blanchis et des biens détenus par des tiers. ; Par ailleurs, le pays devrait envisager le
renforcement de la gestion des biens saisis qui servent d’éléments de preuves. Par
conséquent, il est recommandé aux autorités de veiller à ce que la législation inclue les biens
blanchis et la confiscation des biens détenus par des tiers comme des biens soumis à
saisie/confiscation. Il est également recommandé au pays d’examiner si le fait de confier
toutes les missions de gestion des biens au nouveau Bureau de gestion des biens saisis
constituerait une solution appropriée.
Slovénie
1. En Slovénie, des mesures facilitant la gestion des biens saisis et confisqués (instruments,
produits et biens d’une valeur équivalente) ont été mises en place. La Slovénie a été notée
« largement conforme » au titre de la Recommandation 4 dans son évaluation mutuelle de
2017, alors qu’aucune lacune n’a été identifiée concernant la confiscation des instruments,
des produits et des biens d’une valeur équivalente. Les procédures de gestion des biens saisis
diffèrent selon que la mesure provisoire de saisie est ordonnée dans le cadre d’une procédure
pénale ou dans le cadre de la procédure de confiscation sans condamnation. Alors que la
gestion des biens dans le cadre d’une procédure pénale est énoncée dans le Code de
44
procédure pénale, la gestion des biens saisis dans le cadre d’une procédure de confiscation
sans condamnation est prévue dans la loi sur la confiscation des avoirs d’origine illicite.
2. Dans le cadre d’une procédure pénale, les biens meubles sont conservés par le tribunal
tandis que les sommes d’argent saisies sont déposées sur le compte annexe de dépôt des
tribunaux. Le tribunal peut décider que les biens doivent être conservés par des agents
d’exécution ou des prestataires externes en fonction des spécificités et de la nature de ces
biens. Le stockage des biens est supervisé par une commission établie par le ministère de la
Justice. Toutefois, ces mesures concernent uniquement le stockage des biens, et non leur
gestion. Il n’existe pas non plus de procédure de gestion des biens meubles ou des biens
complexes.
3. En cas de confiscation sans condamnation, la loi sur la confiscation des avoirs d’origine
illicite dispose que différentes agences sont compétentes pour préserver et gérer les biens.
L’agence responsable de la gestion des actifs financiers se voit confier la gestion des titres
de participation ; le ministère des Finances, les autres actifs financiers ; l’Administration
financière, les biens meubles ; le Fonds agricole et forestier, les terres agricoles et les forêts,
et le Fonds public de gestion immobilière, les autres biens immobiliers. Le registre central des
biens saisis est tenu par l’Administration financière. Toutefois, les autorités n’ont pas indiqué
si les procédures spéciales sont appliquées lorsque différentes autorités gèrent des biens
différents.
4. Les autorités ont également précisé que dans le cadre de la gestion des biens,
indépendamment de la question de savoir s’ils ont été saisis dans le cadre d’une procédure
pénale ou dans le cadre d’une procédure de confiscation sans condamnation, il est possible
de vendre ces biens, si le coût de stockage est disproportionné ou si la valeur des biens
diminue. Toutefois, les autorités ont mentionné que, de nombreuses autorités intervenant
dans la gestion des actifs, elles sont confrontées à des problèmes, surtout lorsque la valeur
des biens saisis change rapidement.
Mise en œuvre effective
5. La Slovénie n’a fourni aucun exemple de la gestion des biens saisis. Toutefois, les autorités
ont indiqué qu’elles avaient entrepris d’évaluer le système existant de gestion des biens et
qu’elles adopteraient des mesures pour améliorer l’efficacité et la rapidité du système.
Conclusion/Recommandation
6. En Slovénie, des mesures ont été adoptées pour faciliter la gestion des biens saisis. Tout
en reconnaissant l’importance de ces mesures, certains éléments semblent encore faire
défaut. Par conséquent, il est recommandé aux autorités de poursuivre les réformes afin
d’assurer la gestion des différents biens en garantissant la préservation de leur valeur dans
l’attente d’une confiscation définitive. En outre, il convient de mettre en place des procédures
régissant la gestion des avoirs complexes, y compris les personnes morales, les titres ainsi
que les biens qui génèrent des revenus.
Espagne
1. En Espagne, des mesures législatives ont été mises en place pour faciliter la gestion des
biens saisis et confisqués. Les autorités ont indiqué qu’en 2015, la nouvelle loi organique
nº 1/2015 a été adoptée, en vertu de laquelle le Bureau de recouvrement et de gestion des
avoirs (ORGA) a été institué. Tout en étant compétent pour identifier et recouvrer les avoirs,
l’ORGA est également chargé de la gestion des biens. Si les autorités ont également indiqué
45
que la gestion des biens concerne les biens saisis dans le cadre d’une infraction pénale,
l’ORGA est compétent pour gérer uniquement les biens provenant des infractions pour
lesquelles la confiscation élargie s’applique conformément au Code pénal (CP).
2. L’Espagne a été notée « conforme » au titre de la Recommandation 4 dans son REM du
4e cycle établi par le GAFI en 2014 ; aucun problème n’a été relevé concernant la confiscation
des instruments, des produits et des biens d’une valeur équivalente. Outre cette conclusion,
les autorités ont confirmé que la législation comprend la gestion des biens provenant de
chacune des mesures spécifiques de saisie/gel/confiscation appliquées conformément à la
Recommandation 4 du GAFI.
3. D’après les réponses fournies dans le Questionnaire de 2022, il a été possible de conclure
que ce sont les autorités judiciaires (en l’occurrence un juge individuel) qui décident de confier
ou non la gestion des biens à une agence. Le seul critère qu’il convient de prendre en
considération, si le ou les biens doivent être confiés à l’ORGA, est la question de savoir si les
biens résultent de la commission d’infractions pour lesquelles le CP prévoit la possibilité d’une
confiscation étendue (à savoir les infractions les plus graves qui revêtent une dimension
économique plus importante). En outre, et selon les circonstances de l’affaire, les biens
peuvent : (i) être vendus (même à l’avance), (ii) remis en vue d’une utilisation provisoire, (iii)
remis à certaines organisations (si la valeur économique est minimale), (iv) détruits et (v)
conservés.
L’ORGA peut opter pour une de ces solutions, sauf lorsqu’il s’agit de gérer des sociétés ou
des entités similaires. Dans pareils cas, l’ORGA est exclu et le juge doit désigner un
administrateur au cas par cas.
Mise en œuvre effective
4. D’après les statistiques fournies par les autorités, on peut conclure qu’il existe différents
types de biens gérés par différentes autorités. Néanmoins, aucune explication n’a été fournie
sur les mesures spécifiques prises tout au long du processus de gestion. Les informations
communiquées n’étaient pas suffisamment précises pour conclure si les statistiques fournies
concernaient des biens saisis ou confisqués.
Conclusion/Recommandation
5. L’Espagne a introduit la gestion des biens saisis qui reprend les exigences visées à
l’article 6. Le système tel qu’il se présente aujourd’hui prévoit différentes mesures qui doivent
être appliquées par les différentes autorités dans le cadre de la gestion des avoirs d’origine
criminelle. Tout en prenant note de cet élément, les rapporteurs encouragent les autorités à
envisager d’étendre les compétences du Bureau de recouvrement et de gestion des avoirs.
Suède
1. La Suède a introduit des mesures législatives, qui, dans une certaine mesure, facilitent la
gestion des biens gelés ou saisis. Conformément au chapitre 26, article 3 et au chapitre 27,
article 10, du Code de procédure judiciaire suédois, lu en combinaison avec les articles 12
et 13 de la loi sur les peines encourues en cas d’infraction de blanchiment de capitaux
(2014:307), les biens qui ont été mis sous garde ou soumis à saisie doivent être conservés
avec soin et placés sous étroite surveillance. La police suédoise est désignée comme l’autorité
chargée de gérer les biens (projet de loi nº 2007/08:68). La structure organisationnelle de
gestion des biens gelés/saisis au sein de la police a fait l’objet d’une réforme en 2017. Depuis
lors, l’organisation consiste en un réseau de coordinateurs nationaux, régionaux et locaux qui
46
aident l’organisation de police locale à gérer les biens saisis/gelés. En 2018, un module
pédagogique obligatoire a été introduit pour dispenser à l’ensemble des agents de police les
connaissances sur la gestion globale des biens gelés/saisis.
2. Conformément au chapitre 26, article 3 b et au chapitre 27, article 13 du Code de procédure
judiciaire suédois, des registres doivent être tenus sur les biens qui font l’objet de services de
garde ou d’une saisie. Les registres indiquent précisément quels biens font l’objet de la
mesure, où et à quel moment la mesure a été prise, son objet et qui était présent lorsqu’elle
a été prise. Si la personne dont les biens font l’objet de la mesure n’est pas présente lorsque
la mesure est prise, elle doit être informée de la mesure ainsi de ce qu’il est advenu des biens,
dans les plus brefs délais. La personne dont les biens font l’objet d’une telle mesure reçoit,
sur demande, des éléments d’information sur cette mesure. Ces éléments contiennent
également des précisions sur l’infraction présumée.
3. Lorsque des espèces ou des comptes bancaires sont saisis, ils sont déposés sur un compte
rémunérateur, sauf lorsque les espèces servent à titre de preuves. Les instruments financiers
saisis (comme les chèques de banque, les mandats, les certificats de dépôt, les titres, les
obligations et les comptes-titres) sont déposés au moyen de procédures qui préservent ou
restituent leur valeur. En outre, la police nationale suédoise a adopté des lignes directrices
pour la gestion des biens. Ces lignes directrices, qui ont été fournies par les autorités, servent
de fil conducteur pour la saisie et la gestion des espèces, des titres et des véhicules. Aucun
autre actif n’est couvert par ces lignes directrices. La Suède a fait l’objet d’une évaluation
mutuelle du 4e cycle en 2017. Si, au titre de la Recommandation 4, aucune question n’a été
soulevée concernant le type de biens et les parties auprès desquelles ils peuvent être
confisqués, il a été noté qu’il n’existait pas de mécanismes ni de procédures permettant de
gérer tous les biens saisis ou confisqués, y compris les biens générant (potentiellement) des
revenus ou les biens périssables.
Mise en œuvre effective
4. Dans leurs réponses au Questionnaire, les autorités ont indiqué qu’un manuel révisé avait
été produit en 2022 par l’Autorité de lutte contre la criminalité économique et l’Autorité chargée
des poursuites. Le manuel repose sur les règlements pertinents et sur les lignes directrices
générales relatives à la saisie et à la gestion des biens. En outre, le manuel comprend des
descriptions des affaires pertinentes. Par ailleurs, la police achève actuellement un manuel
sur les responsabilités spécifiques des policiers dans le processus de gestion des biens
gelés/saisis. Le manuel doit être publié début 2023. Sinon, aucun exemple de gestion
spécifique des actifs n’a été cité, de sorte qu’il est difficile pour les rapporteurs de se prononcer
sur la mise en œuvre effective des mesures de gestion des biens.
Conclusion/Recommandation
5. La législation suédoise prévoit des mesures concernant notamment le stockage de biens,
qui satisfont à certaines des exigences visées à l’article 6. En revanche, des mesures de
gestion de biens tels que des espèces, des titres et des véhicules, ainsi que la possibilité de
vendre des biens périssables, n’ont pas encore été introduites. Par conséquent, il est
recommandé aux autorités d’inclure ces mesures dans leur cadre de gestion des biens.
Türkiye
1. La législation turque, notamment le règlement sur les biens provenant d’infractions, qui est
entré en vigueur en 2016, prévoit des procédures et des principes pour la préservation, la
saisie, le transfert, l’aliénation, la restitution, la confiscation et la destruction des avoirs. La
47
Türkiye a été notée « conforme » au titre de la Recommandation 4 dans son REM du 4e cycle
établi par le GAFI en 2019. Par conséquent, aucun problème n’a été soulevé concernant les
biens soumis à saisie/confiscation. En outre, il est indiqué dans le rapport que : La Türkiye
dispose de mécanismes pour gérer et, le cas échéant, disposer des biens gelés, saisis et
confisqués, conformément au règlement sur les biens provenant d’infractions. Lorsqu’il existe
un risque qu’un objet saisi soit endommagé ou qu’il subisse une perte de valeur importante,
l’objet en question peut être liquidé avant qu’une décision définitive ne soit prononcée (LPP,
art.132). Dans d’autres cas où il existe de forts soupçons que l’infraction est commise dans le
cadre des activités d’une entreprise, et si cela est nécessaire pour établir la vérité, le juge ou
le tribunal est autorisé à désigner un administrateur pour la gestion de l’entreprise.
2. Ainsi qu’il ressort des informations ci-dessus et des réponses reçues du pays, la structure
existante du ministère public est chargée de gérer les biens saisis. Plus précisément, des
dépositaires sont désignés à cet effet.
3. Selon les autorités, les biens meubles saisis peuvent provenir de toute infraction pénale et
être soumis à gestion conformément au règlement susmentionné. Par conséquent, lorsque
des dispositifs électroniques ou des dispositifs de stockage d’enregistrements sonores et
d’images, et des substances chimiques ou biologiques sont saisis, ils sont conservés dans
des lieux séparés appropriés. Les armes, les explosifs ou les balles saisis sont conservés
dans des locaux spéciaux et sécurisés, tandis que les fonds saisis sont déposés sur des
comptes bancaires. Outre ces dispositions et les autres mesures prévues à l’article 132 de la
LPP, des mesures sont énoncées dans la loi nº 5271, qui s’applique dans les cas où il existe
de forts soupçons que l’infraction est commise dans le cadre des activités d’une entreprise.
Dans pareilles situations, le juge ou le tribunal est autorisé à désigner un administrateur pour
la gestion de l’entreprise en vue de diriger ses activités, pendant la durée de l’enquête ou des
poursuites.
4. Bien qu’il existe un système de gestion des biens meubles saisis, pour ce qui est des biens
immeubles, des droits et des crédits, le règlement susmentionné s’applique uniquement à
certaines infractions pénales. Si les infractions comprenaient certaines de celles énumérées
à l’annexe de la convention, toutes n’étaient pas couvertes. Cette particularité des règlements
ne semble pas être conforme à l’article 6 de la convention qui exige la gestion des biens
provenant de toutes les infractions énumérées à l’annexe.
Mise en œuvre effective
5. Les autorités turques ont fourni deux exemples de cas. Toutefois, aucun d’entre eux ne
décrit la gestion des biens saisis dans le cadre d’une procédure pénale. En revanche, les
autorités ont fourni des statistiques pertinentes : à l’exception des chiffres figurant dans les
registres judiciaires d’autres parquets, on recense environ 240 000 biens saisis dans le
registre judiciaire des services du procureur général d’Ankara, pour lesquels une décision de
saisie est active. Parmi les biens faisant l’objet d’une décision de saisie, on peut citer des
armes à feu, des espèces, de l’or, des balles/douilles, des produits électroniques, des
instruments négociables, des outils tranchants et perçants, des plaques d’immatriculation, des
documents officiels, des téléphones portables, etc. Le nombre total de biens acquis au moyen
d’une infraction qui étaient enregistrés dans des registres judiciaires à travers le pays s’élevait
à 3 983 052 entre le 1er janvier 2017 et le 31 décembre 2021.
Conclusion/Recommandation
6. En Türkiye, des mesures législatives ont été adoptées concernant le stockage des biens
saisis et la vente anticipée des biens qui se déprécient. Toutefois, des problèmes ont été
48
soulevés concernant l’application du Règlement pertinent aux avoirs découlant de certaines
infractions pénales seulement et non de toutes les infractions visées à l’annexe de la
convention. Par conséquent, il est recommandé au pays de prendre des mesures législatives
pour permettre la gestion des biens saisis provenant de toutes les infractions énumérées à
l’annexe de la convention.
Ukraine
1. L’Ukraine a été notée « largement conforme » dans son évaluation du 5e cycle réalisée par
MONEVAL. Il ressort du rapport que la confiscation de la valeur équivalente ne s’applique pas
aux instruments, et que, au moment de la visite sur place, il n’existait aucun mécanisme
permettant aux autorités chargées de l’enquête préliminaire de gérer systématiquement les
biens soumis à restriction. Il convient également de noter que le rapport d’évaluation mutuelle
a été adopté en 2017, soit quatre ans avant l’entrée en vigueur de la nouvelle législation. En
Ukraine, depuis 2021, l’Agence nationale ukrainienne chargée de la recherche, de la
localisation et de la gestion des avoirs provenant de la corruption et d’autres activités
criminelles (ci-après dénommée l’ARMA), une autorité centrale de l’exécutif dotée d’un statut
spécial, veille à l’application de la politique publique dans le domaine de la localisation et de
la gestion des avoirs.
2. En vertu de l’article 19, paragraphe 1, de la loi, l’ARMA gère les biens saisis dans le cadre
de procédures pénales. Ces biens sont gérés conformément à la décision d’un juge
d’instruction, d’un tribunal ou conformément à la décision prise avec le consentement du
propriétaire des biens, dont les copies sont envoyées à l’Agence nationale au plus tard le jour
ouvré suivant la réception de la demande appropriée émanant du procureur. 3. Le Code de
procédure pénale ukrainien (articles 100, 170) contient également des dispositions générales
relatives aux mesures de procédure concernant les biens. Toutefois, aucune information
détaillée n’a été fournie sur la teneur exacte des mesures prises lors de la gestion des biens
saisis dans une procédure pénale. Au lieu de cela, les autorités ont présenté une liste des
biens relevant de la gestion de l’ARMA et comprenant des espèces, des titres, des biens
immobiliers, des machines agricoles, des véhicules etc. Il ressort des informations fournies
par les autorités que l’ARMA se charge essentiellement de vendre les biens puis de reverser
les fonds au Trésor public.
Mise en œuvre effective
4. Les autorités ont fourni des statistiques détaillées sur les biens saisis et gérés jusqu’à
présent. En revanche, elles n’ont cité aucun exemple concret de l’application de mesures dans
le cadre de la gestion des biens.
Conclusion/Recommandation
5. L’Ukraine a créé une agence chargée de la gestion des biens saisis. Toutefois, les
informations fournies ne mentionnaient pas le champ d’application des infractions relevant
des compétences de l’ARMA, de sorte qu’il est difficile de conclure si toutes les infractions
visées à l’annexe sont couvertes. En outre, on ignore si des procédures ont été mises en
place pour gérer différents types de biens. Par conséquent, il est recommandé aux autorités
de veiller à ce que ces deux lacunes – la couverture de toutes les infractions énumérées à
l’annexe et l’introduction de procédures spécifiques pour la gestion des actifs (si ces mesures
n’ont pas encore été mises en place) – soient comblées.
49
Royaume-Uni
1. Au Royaume-Uni, des mesures législatives ont été adoptées pour la gestion des biens
saisis, comme le prévoient l’article 47 de la loi de 2002 sur les produits du crime (POCA) pour
l’Angleterre et le Pays de Galles et les parties 3 et 4 de la POCA pour l’Irlande du Nord et
l’Ecosse. Selon les réponses fournies dans le Questionnaire de 2022, les autorités peuvent
gérer les instruments saisis, les produits et les biens d’une valeur équivalente. À l’appui de
cette constatation, les rapporteurs ont noté que le Royaume-Uni avait été noté « conforme »
au titre de la Recommandation 4 dans son REM du 4e cycle établi par le GAFI en 2018.
2. Des procédures différentes s’appliquent en fonction du type de biens saisis. Lorsque des
espèces sont saisies, elles doivent être déposées sur un compte rémunéré (art. 294-297 de
la POCA). Toutefois, lorsque tout autre bien est saisi, il reste souvent en possession de
l’accusé. Un administrateur est ensuite désigné pour superviser et gérer ces biens. On ignore
si les administrateurs sont tenus de suivre des procédures qui leur permettraient d’empêcher
que les biens saisis ne se déprécient et soient dissipés. Cet aspect peut revêtir une grande
importance en cas de saisie de biens périssables et de biens générateurs de revenus.
3. Le cadre juridique existant ne prévoit pas la création d’une autorité spécialisée chargée de
la gestion des biens saisis.
Mise en œuvre effective
4. Selon les autorités, l’efficacité de la gestion des biens saisis ou gelés est démontrée par le
montant recouvré en tant que produits du crime, 219 millions de livres ayant été confisqués
au moyen d’ordonnances de confiscation, de saisie et de recouvrement civil au cours de
l’exercice financier 2020-2021. Si le montant des produits recouvrés est considérable, il
concerne les ordonnances de confiscation et non la gestion des biens saisis. Par conséquent,
les rapporteurs ne sont pas en mesure de déterminer si l’article 6 de la convention est
effectivement mis en œuvre au Royaume-Uni.
Conclusion/Recommandation
5. Le Royaume-Uni a introduit la gestion des biens gelés et saisis qui reprend les exigences
de l’article 6. Certaines ambiguïtés subsistent : par exemple, on ignore si les administrateurs
doivent suivre des procédures spécifiques pour la gestion des biens saisis. En outre, le pays
est encouragé à examiner si la création d’une unité spécialisée chargée de la gestion des
biens gelés, saisis et confisqués présenterait un que
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Spoken
| 6,950 | 8,399 |
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements, which are based upon current expectations and involve a number of risks and uncertainties. In order for us to utilize the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, investors are hereby cautioned that these statements may be affected by the important factors, among others, set forth below, and consequently, actual operations and results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our accounting policies are described in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2003. The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
We consider the following policies to be the most critical in understanding the judgments involved in preparing the financial statements and the uncertainties that could impact our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Revenue Recognition
We enter into contractual arrangements with health plans to provide disease management services. Fees under our health plan contracts are generally determined by multiplying a contractually negotiated rate per health plan member per month ("PMPM") by the number of health plan members covered by our services during the month. The PMPM rates usually differ between contracts due to the various types of health plan product groups (e.g. PPO, HMO, Medicare+Choice). These contracts are generally for terms of three to five years with provisions for subsequent renewal, and typically provide that all or a portion of our fees may be "performance-based". Performance-based contracts have varying degrees of risk associated with our ability to deliver the guaranteed financial cost savings. In most cases we guarantee a percentage reduction of disease costs compared to a prior baseline year determined by actuarial analysis and other estimates used as a basis to measure performance objectives. The measurement of our performance against the base year information is a data intensive and time-consuming process that is typically not completed until six to eight months after the end of the contract year. We bill our customers each month for the entire amount of the fees contractually due based on previous months membership, which always includes the amount, if any, that may be subject to refund for member retroactivity and a shortfall in performance. We adjust or defer revenue for contracts where we believe that there could be an issue of non-performance, possibly resulting in a refund of fees or where fees generated may be subject to further retroactive adjustment associated with a contract or plan's decision to completely terminate its coverage in a geographic market as well as general membership changes. For example, general terminations can be due to death, member change of health plan, etc. Adjustments for non-performance under the terms of the contract or other factors affecting revenue recognition are accrued on an estimated basis in the period the services are provided and are adjusted in future periods when final settlement is determined. We review these estimates periodically and make adjustments, as interim information is available.
We determine our level of performance at interim periods based on medical claims data, achievement of enrollment targets or other data required to be supplied by the health plan. In the event these interim performance measures indicate that performance targets are not being met or sufficient data is unavailable, fees, which could be subject to refund, are not recorded as revenue but rather are recorded as a current liability entitled "contract billings in excess of revenues." Under performance based arrangements, the ability to make estimates at interim periods can be challenging due to the inherent nature of the medical claims process and the lag time associated with it. In most cases, complete paid claims data is not available until up to six months after claims are incurred. Although interim data measurements are indicative of performance objectives, actual results could differ from our estimates. As of November 30, 2003, based on information and data available at this time, we deferred approximately $2,270,000 related to contracts with two Regence health plans, Regence Oregon and Washington, which may be subject to refund. This deferral has been reflected as contract billings in excess of revenues on the balance sheet. Services are provided under these Regence contracts through HeartMasters, a limited liability company whose members are IHMC and LifeMasters, an unaffiliated private company, under which we provide coronary artery disease management services and Life Masters provides services for congestive heart failure. Since these contracts are performance based, HeartMasters has limited its exposure under these contracts by purchasing insurance from an unaffiliated insurer in the amount of approximately $9,800,000. The deferral of approximately $1,800,000 represents
fees in excess of its share of insurance coverage. HeartMasters has submitted an estimate of claims in the amount of approximately $6,750,000 to the insurer and the claims are currently under review by the insurer.
The contract billings in excess of revenues on the balance sheet is subject to reconciliation at future periods, however, since the initial contract year reconciliation did not provide positive results and enrollment targets have not improved, all of the revenue from this agreement which is estimated to be subject to refund is deferred in accordance with our revenue recognition policy. If future reconciliations provide positive results, revenue will be recorded at that time.
The settlement process under a contract, which includes the settlement of any performance-based fees and involves reconciliation of health-care claims and clinical data, is generally not completed until sometime after the end of the contract year. Data reconciliation differences between the Company and the customer can arise due to health plan data deficiencies, omissions and/or data discrepancies, for which the Company defers revenue until agreement is reached with respect to identified issues.
We believe these estimates adequately provide for any potential adjustments that may be applied to revenues from these contracts. Although these contracts are multi-year agreements, since both parties have been unable to reach a resolution on certain modifications to the contracts, the Regence Oregon and Washington contracts terminated as of January 31, 2003.
During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2003, approximately 57% of disease management services were derived from four health plans that each comprised more than 10% of the Company's revenues. During the fiscal years ended November 30, 2002, and 2001, approximately 47% and 67%, respectively, of disease management services were derived from two health plans that each comprised more than 10% of the Company's revenues. During fiscal 2002, the same two health plans as in 2001 each comprised more than 10% of the Company's revenues. One of these contracts terminated as of January 31, 2003, which represented approximately 28% of our membership.
Income Taxes
As part of the process of preparing consolidated financial, statements, the Company is required to estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. Significant judgment is required in determining the income tax expense provision. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to be recovered. The Company assesses the likelihood of our deferred tax assets being recovered from future taxable income. The Company then provides a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for which the Company does not consider realization of such assets to be more likely than not. The Company considers future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the valuation allowance. Any decrease in the valuation allowance could have a material impact on net income in the period in which such determination is made.
Health Plan Contracts
Most of our revenues in Fiscal 2001 through 2003 were generated from programs designed to assist health plans in improving the quality of care for health plan members with diseases such as coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and the cardiovascular complications of diabetes. These programs are designed to improve care and to reduce healthcare costs. We anticipate that a substantial portion of our future revenue growth will continue to result from providing disease management services to health plans. We also believe that a greater portion of our future revenue will be from contracts with CMS.
We first introduced a coronary artery disease program with a medical group in 1995. Since that time, we added heart failure, stroke, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and the cardiovascular complications of diabetes to our program. During fiscal 2001, we were awarded a Medicare Coordinated Care Demonstration project, which is designed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of reimbursing disease management services in the Medicare fee for service model. Enrollment of patients under this program began in Fiscal 2002. During fiscal 2002, we received an accreditation by the National Committee on Quality Assurance. In October 2002, we, together with two other entities, were selected to participate in a disease management program for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The program commenced in January of 2004.
Our disease management services include the stratification of high-risk patients, contact with their primary care physicians, review of patient chart information, contact and assessment with the patient and coordination of care with the primary care physician. Fees under our health plan contracts are generally determined by multiplying a contractually negotiated rate per health plan member per month ("PMPM") by the number of health plan members covered by our services during the month. The PMPM rates usually differ between contracts due to the various types of health plan product groups (e.g. PPO, HMO, Medicare). These contracts are generally for terms of three to five years with provisions for subsequent renewal, and typically provide that all or a portion of our fees may be "performance-based". We earn performance-based fees upon achieving a targeted percentage reduction in the customer's healthcare costs, in addition to clinical and other criteria, compared to a baseline year.
The membership enrollment and disenrollment processes of our health plan customers can result in a cyclical reduction of lives under management, especially during our first quarter. Employers typically make decisions about health insurance carriers at the end of each calendar year. Health plans also assess the types of markets they service as well as the contractual arrangements of medical groups within those markets. In any event, all of these factors will have an effect on membership as of January 1 of each year. A health plans decision to exit markets or non-renewal of contracts with their medical groups will result in a loss of covered lives under management as of January 1. Although these decisions may also result in a gain of members, the process of identification and enrollment will typically lag by six months or longer. The result of these cyclical changes has not had a material impact on the company's revenues or results of operations.
During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2003, approximately 57% of disease management services were derived from four health plans that each comprised more than 10% of the Company's revenues. During the fiscal years ended November 30, 2002, and 2001, approximately 47% and 67%, respectively, of disease management services were derived from two health plans that each comprised more than 10% of
the Company's revenues. During fiscal 2002, the same two health plans as in 2001 each comprised more than 10% of the Company's revenues. One of these contracts terminated as of January 31, 2003, which represented approximately 28% of our membership.
Our strategy is to develop additional CMS contracts, business contracts with health plans to provide disease management services and to further develop and expand our cardiovascular disease management business. We anticipate that we will utilize our state-of-the-art medical information technologies to gain a competitive advantage in delivering disease management services. We anticipate that significant investments will continue to be made during fiscal 2004 in the development of the clinical programs, the associated information technology support for these expanded initiatives, and that many of these investments will be made prior to the initiation of revenues from contracts. It is also anticipated that some of these new capabilities and technologies may be added through strategic alliances with other entities.
We anticipate that additional disease management contracts that we may sign with health plans, employer groups and governmental agencies may take one of several forms, including per member per month payments to us, some form of shared savings of overall enrollee healthcare costs, fee for services for enrolled members, or some combination of these arrangements. We anticipate that under most contracts, some portion of our fees will be at risk and subject to our performance against financial cost savings and clinical improvements. When appropriate we will defer a portion of this revenue.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to note 1 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements
Results of Operations - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following table presents the percentage of total revenue for the periods indicated and changes from period to period of certain items included in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Fiscal 2003 Compared to Fiscal 2002 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revenue for fiscal 2003 increased approximately $155,000 or 1.2% over fiscal 2002.This increase consists of approximately $5.8 million of additional revenue related to expansion of existing contracts and a new contract entered into during fiscal 2003. This increase was offset by a reduction of revenue of approximately $4.7 million related to market exits under an existing disease management program in California and the termination of disease management programs under HeartMasters agreements with Regence of Oregon and Washington, and approximately $0.8 million related to a difference in estimated verses actual cost savings measures under a contract with a customer.
Gross profit margins for fiscal 2003 decreased to 47.9% from 56.0% for fiscal 2002. This decrease was due to the increased costs associated with our expansion into new market places related to new contracts and the difference in estimated verses actual cost savings measures under a contract with a customer described above. Salaries, travel and other direct costs are all factors in the initial implementation related to any new market and contract. The direct costs will decrease as a percentage of revenue once a marketplace and contract matures with a significant number of members being enrolled.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2003 increased approximately $1,086,000 or 18.8% compared to fiscal 2002. The increase was included costs associated with a retroactive insurance premium of approximately $156,000. Selling, general and administrative expenses, excluding this insurance premium, increased approximately $930,000 or 16.1% compared to the prior year primarily due to an increase in both executive and administrative staff, professional fees related to general corporate matters and office rent and depreciation associated with new office furniture and equipment at our new headquarters in Eatontown..
Research and development expenses for fiscal 2003 decreased approximately $95,000 or 9.5% compared to fiscal 2002. During the past year we have continued to focus our efforts on the development of new, advanced software programs to help us better identify, locate and evaluate patients who are at risk for developing various disease conditions. These programs incorporate state of the art telecommunications, data management, and security and information technology. Certain costs associated with the development of new product software are capitalized and amortized over a 5-year useful life. We intend to continue to improve and expand the capabilities of the ohms|cvd system.
Litigation settlements represent costs associated with settlement of certain outstanding legal proceedings, which have either reached settlement during the period or have reached a point at which the outcome can be reasonably estimated.
Loss on operations of joint venture for fiscal 2003 was generated primarily from legal fees associated the arbitration between Regence of Washington and Oregon and HeartMasters LLC.
Our effective tax rate for fiscal 2003 is a negative 0.7%. The difference in the Company's effective tax rate from the federal statutory rate is primarily due to a 100% valuation allowance provided for all deferred tax assets. Current period income tax expense of $15,000 represents minimum state tax liabilities.
Fiscal 2002 Compared to Fiscal 2001 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revenues for fiscal 2002 increased $4.7 million or 59% from fiscal 2001 due to an increase in the number of health plan contracts as well as the increase in the number of members actually enrolled in our program during the fiscal year which were previously contracted for. At the end of fiscal 2002 we had approximately 1,370,480 commercial members and approximately 198,696 Medicare+Choice members compared to approximately 913,627 commercial members and 159,419 Medicare+Choice at the end of fiscal 2001. Approximately $1.5 million of revenue came from new contracts that were implemented during 2002. The largest portion of our revenue increase was due to the increased enrollment during this fiscal year of contracts signed during fiscal 2001. Approximately $2.8 million was due to increased enrollment in one health plan whose total revenue accounted for approximately 39% of our total revenue for fiscal 2002. During fiscal 2002, we sold unused state net operating loss carryforwards for cash by way of the New Jersey Technology Tax Certificate Transfer Program through our IHMC subsidiary. We received approximately $130,000 from this transaction.
Cost of revenue for fiscal 2002 increased $2.3 million or 70% compared to fiscal 2001 primarily due to higher staffing levels associated with the increases in enrollment of our health plan members, associated travel costs, physician's fees and related expenses. Cost of revenue as a percentage of total revenue increased to 44.0% in fiscal 2002 from 41.1% in fiscal 2001. This increase was primarily due to the costs associated with the staffing and continued enrollment of members in Regence of Oregon and Washington during fiscal 2002 where revenues from these contracts were not being recognized. We anticipate that the cost of revenue for fiscal 2003 will increase over fiscal 2002 due to the implementation of the CMS (Medicare) contract, where revenue will lag implementation costs by several months.
Selling, general and administrative costs in fiscal 2002 increased by approximately $366,000 or 6.7% compared to fiscal 2001 primarily due to increased administrative staff to support our overall growth. Selling general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased from 67.6% in fiscal 2001 to 45.4% in fiscal 2002 primarily due to our ability to leverage our selling, general and administrative expenses as a result of the growth in our health plan operations.
Research and development expenses for fiscal 2002 increased by approximately $243,000 or 32.0% compared to fiscal 2001. During the past year we have focused our efforts primarily on the development of new, advanced software programs to enable us to better identify, locate and evaluate patients who are at risk for developing various disease conditions. These programs incorporate state of the art telecommunications, data management, security and information technology. We intend to continue to improve and expand the capabilities of our systems ongoing.
Liquidity and Capital Resources - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To date, our principal sources of working capital have been provided by proceeds from public and private placements of securities and the sale of certain assets. Since our inception, sales of securities and assets have generated approximately $31,000,000 less applicable expenses.
We had working capital of $6,151,000 at November 30, 2003 compared to $6,718,000 at November 30, 2002 and ratios of current assets to current liabilities of 2.7:1 as of November 30, 2003 and 3.1:1 as of November 30, 2002. During fiscal 2003, the Company reclassified certain account receivable and contract billings in excess of revenues to non current assets and liabilities. Had the original classification of these balances been non current assets and liabilities in the November 30, 2002 balance sheet the working capital would have been $8,245,000 with a ratio of current assets to current liabilities of 5.3:1.The adjusted working capital decrease of approximately $2.1 million was primarily due to the net loss of approximately $2.2 million and an increase in contract billings in excess of revenue of approximately $1.7 million. These decreases were partially offset by the an increase in accounts receivable of $1.3 million and proceeds from the sale of common stock through the exercise of outstanding options and warrants of approximately $0.2 million. In September 2001 we entered into a $1,000,000 line of credit agreement with First Union National Bank. Outstanding balances under the loan bear interest at an annual rate equal to the lower of the bank's reference rate minus 1% or LIBOR plus 1.5%. As of November 30, 2003 the entire $1,000,000 was available under this credit line.
We anticipate that funds generated from operations, together with cash and investments, and availability under our credit line will be sufficient to fund our current level of growth. However, to the extent the expansion of our operations requires significant additional resources or certain forms of financial guarantees to assure its performance under the terms of new health plan contracts, we may be required to seek additional financing. No assurance can be given that such financing would be available on terms that would be acceptable to us.
Material Commitments - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following schedule summarizes our contractual cost obligation as of November 30, 2003 in the periods indicated.
Additional Factors That May Affect Future Results - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Future Operating Results. Future operating results, which reflect management's current expectations may be impacted by a number of factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated herein. These factors include worldwide economic and political conditions, terrorist's activities, industry specific factors, our ability to maintain access to external financing sources and its financial liquidity, the acceptance of our disease management system by health plan organizations, and our ability to manage expense levels.
Need for Additional Capital. As of November 30, 2003, we had approximately $7,852,000 cash and short-term investments. Nevertheless, our future success is highly dependent upon our continued access to capital markets, which we believe are necessary for the continued support of our growth. In the event we are unable to maintain access to our existing financing sources, or obtain other sources of financing, there would be a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
Fluctuations in our quarterly operating results may cause volatility in the price of our common stock and the debentures. Given the nature of the markets in which we participate, we cannot reliably predict future revenue and profitability. As demand for our services has increased in recent periods, our quarterly sales and operating results have become highly dependent on the timing of contracts signed and programs implemented during the quarter, which are difficult to forecast. In addition, a portion of our operating expenses is relatively fixed in nature due to our sales, research and development costs.
We are in the process of implementing new information systems, and problems with the redesign and implementation of these new systems could interfere with our operations. We are in the process of implementing new information systems to enhance our current systems in order to improve our operating effectively and expand the range of disease management services we offer. We may not be successful in implementing these new systems and transitioning data. As part of this effort, we are implementing new enterprise resource planning software applications to manage our business operations. Failure to smoothly and successfully implement this and other systems could temporarily interrupt our operations and adversely impact our ability to run our business. In addition, any failure or significant downtime in our new information systems could prevent us from efficiently implementing disease management programs, reconciling cost savings and could harm our business.
If we do not introduce successful new disease management services in a timely manner, our services will become obsolete, and our operating results will suffer. Our services are for industries that are characterized by rapid technological changes, frequent new product and service introductions and changing industry standards. Without the timely introduction of new products, services and enhancements, our products and services will become technologically obsolete over time, in which case our revenue and operating results would suffer. The success of our new product and service offerings will depend on several factors, including our ability to:
o properly identify customer needs, o innovate and develop new technologies, services and applications, o successfully commercialize new technologies in a timely manner, o differentiate our offerings from our competitors' offerings, o price our services competitively, and o anticipate our competitors' announcements of new products, services or technological innovations
Our business will suffer if we are not able to retain and hire key personnel. Our future success depends partly on the continued service of our key research, engineering, sales, marketing, manufacturing, executive and administrative personnel. If we fail to retain and hire a sufficient number of these personnel, we will not be able to maintain or expand our business. Although the labor market has changed dramatically within the past year, and our attrition rate has dropped, there is still intense competition for certain highly technical specialties in geographic areas where we continue to recruit.
Acquisitions, strategic alliances, and joint ventures may result in financial results that are different than expected. We engage in discussions with third parties relating to possible acquisitions, strategic alliances, and joint ventures. As a result of such transactions, our financial results may differ from the investment community's expectations in a given quarter. In addition, acquisitions and strategic alliances may require us to integrate a different company culture, management team and business infrastructure. We may have difficulty developing, manufacturing and marketing the products of a newly acquired company in a way that enhances the performance of our combined businesses or product lines to realize the value from expected synergies. Depending on the size and complexity of an acquisition, our successful integration of the entity depends on a variety of factors, including:
o the retention of key employees, o the management of facilities and employees in separate geographic areas, o the retention of key customers, and o the integration or coordination of different research and development, product manufacturing and sales programs and facilities
All of these efforts require varying levels of management resources, which may divert our attention from other business operations. If we do not realize the expected benefits from such transactions, our financial position results and stock price could be negatively impacted.
We and our customers are subject to various governmental regulations, compliance with which may cause us to incur significant expenses, and if we fail to maintain satisfactory compliance with certain regulations, we may be forced to curtail operations, and we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties. Our businesses are subject to various significant federal, state and local, health and safety, health information disclosure, and labor regulations. These regulations are complex, change frequently and have tended to become more stringent over time. We may be required to incur significant expenses to comply with these regulations or to remedy violations of these regulations. Any failure by us to comply with applicable government regulations could also result in cessation of our operations or portions of our operations, or impositions of fines and restrictions on our ability to carry on or expand our operations.
Litigation regarding patents or intellectual property could be costly and time consuming. Any litigation regarding patents or other intellectual property could be costly and time consuming and could divert our management and key personnel from our business operations. The complexity of the technology involved and the uncertainty of intellectual property litigation increase these risks. Claims of intellectual property infringement might also require us to enter into costly royalty or license agreements. However, we may not be able to obtain royalty or license agreements on terms acceptable to us, or at all. We also may be subject to significant damages or injunctions against development and sale of certain of our products.
Third parties may infringe our intellectual property, and we may expend significant resources enforcing our rights or suffer competitive injury. Our success depends in large part on our proprietary technology. We rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, confidentiality provisions and licensing arrangements to establish and protect our proprietary rights. If we fail to successfully enforce our intellectual property rights, our competitive position could suffer, which could harm our operating results.
Our pending patent and trademark registration applications may not be allowed, or competitors may challenge the validity or scope of these patents or trademark registrations. In addition, our patents may not provide us a significant competitive advantage.
We may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and police our intellectual property rights. We may not be able to detect infringement and our competitive position may be harmed before we do so. In addition, competitors may design around our technology or develop competing technologies. Intellectual property rights may also be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries, which could make it easier for competitors to capture market share.
Item 7A.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk as set forth in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement.
Item 8.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Attached.
Item 9.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of the Company's Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls. We evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our "disclosure controls and procedures" as of the end of the period covered by the Annual Report. This evaluation (the Controls Evaluation) was done under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO). Attached as exhibits to this Annual Report are certifications of the CEO and the CFO, which are required in accordance with Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act. This "Controls and Procedures" section includes the information concerning the controls evaluation referred to in the certifications, and it should be read in conjunction with the certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.
Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls. Disclosure Controls are procedures that are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act), such as this Report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) rules and forms. Disclosure Controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our Disclosure Controls include components of our internal control over financial reporting, which consists of control processes designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. To the extent that components of our internal control over financial reporting are included within our Disclosure Controls, they are included in the scope of our quarterly controls evaluation.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls. The company's management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that our Disclosure Controls or our Internal Controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
Scope of the Controls Evaluation. The CEO/CFO evaluation of our Disclosure Controls included a review of the controls' objectives and design, the controls' implementation by the company and the effect of the controls on the information generated for use in this Report. In the course of the controls evaluation, we sought to identify data errors, controls problems or acts of fraud and to confirm that appropriate corrective action, including process improvements, were being undertaken. This type of evaluation is performed on a quarterly basis so that the conclusions concerning controls effectiveness can be reported in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our Internal Controls are also evaluated on an ongoing basis by other personnel in our finance organization and by our independent auditors in connection with their audit and review activities.
The overall goals o these various evaluation activities are to monitor our Disclosure Controls, and to modify them as necessary. Our intent is to maintain the Disclosure Controls as dynamic systems that change as conditions warrant.
Among other matters, we sought in our evaluation to determine whether there were any "significant deficiencies" or "material weaknesses" in the company's internal controls, or whether the company had identified any acts of fraud involving personnel who have a significant role in our internal controls over financial reporting. This information was important both for the Controls Evaluation generally and because item 5 of the certifications of the CEO and CFO require that the CEO and CFO disclose that information to our Board's Audit Committee and to our independent auditors. In the professional auditing literature, "significant deficiencies" are referred to as "reportable conditions"; these are control issues that could have a significant adverse effect on the ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data in the financial statements. A "material weakness" is defined in the auditing literature as a particularly serious reportable condition where the internal control does not reduce to a relatively low level the risk that misstatements caused by error or fraud may occur in amounts that would be material in relation to the financial statements and not be detected within a timely period by employees in the normal course of performing their assigned functions. We also sought to deal with other controls matters in the Controls Evaluation, and in each case if a problem was identified, we considered what revision, improvement and/or correction to make in accord with our on-going procedures.
In accord with SEC requirements, the CEO and CFO note that, since the date of the Controls Evaluation to the date of this Report, there have been no significant changes in Internal Controls or in other factors that could significantly affect Internal Controls, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.
Conclusions. Based upon the Controls Evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, subject to the limitations noted above at the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, our Disclosure Controls are effective to provide reasonable assurance that material information relating to QMed and its consolidated subsidiaries is made known to management, including the CEO and CFO, particularly during the period when our periodic reports are being prepared.
QMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
For the Years Ended November 30, 2003 and 2002
Page ----
Independent Auditors' Report
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements -
Independent Auditors' Report
Board of Directors QMed, Inc. and Subsidiaries
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of QMed, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of November 30, 2003 and 2002, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for the years ended November 30, 2003, 2002 and 2001. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly in all material respects the financial position of QMed, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of November 30, 2003 and 2002, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years ended November 30, 2003, 2002 and 2001, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
In connection with our audits of the financial statements referred to above, we audited the financial schedule listed under Item 15. In our opinion, the financial schedule, when considered in relation to the financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information stated therein.
/s/ Amper, Politziner & Mattia, P.C.
AMPER, POLITZINER & MATTIA, P.C.
January 23, 2004 Edison, New Jersey
QMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements For the Year Ended November 30, 2003
Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies ------------------------------- Nature of Business ------------------ QMed, Inc. (the "Company") operates in two industry segments: disease-management services and medical equipment sales. The majority of the Company's operations consist of the operations of Interactive Heart Management Corp. ("IHMC"), the Company's wholly owned subsidiary. The Company and IHMC provide disease management services to health plans nationwide.
Principles of Consolidation --------------------------- The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, IHMC and the Company's majority-owned (83%) inactive subsidiary, Heart Map, Inc. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Investments in joint ventures are accounted for under the equity method.
Cash and Cash Equivalents ------------------------- The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents for financial statement purposes.
Concentration of Credit Risk ---------------------------- Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash investments. The Company restricts cash and cash investments to financial institutions with high credit standings. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents.
Investments in Securities ------------------------- The Company accounts for investments in securities pursuant to the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities." Under this Statement, the Company's securities with a readily determinable fair value have been classified as available for sale and are carried at fair value with an offsetting adjustment to Stockholders' Equity. Net unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities are credited or charged to accumulated other comprehensive income.
Inventory --------- Inventory consists of finished units, components and supplies, and is stated at the lower of cost (moving weighted-average method) or market.
Depreciation and Amortization ----------------------------- Property and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over a five-year period. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed, while additions and betterments are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gains or losses are reflected in earnings.
QMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements For the Year Ended November 30, 2003
Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies - (continued) --------------------------------------------- Comprehensive Income -------------------- Comprehensive income as defined includes all changes in equity during a period from non-owner sources. Accumulated other comprehensive income, as presented on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets consists of unrealized gains on securities, net of income tax.
Financial Instruments --------------------- The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated fair value as of November 30, 2003, because of the relative short maturity of these instruments. The carrying value of leases payable approximated fair value at November 30, 2003, based upon current rates for the same or similar instruments.
Product Software Development Costs
The Company recognizes Product Software development costs in accordance with Statement of Position ("SOP") 98-1, "Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use." As such, the Company expenses all costs incurred that relate to the planning and post implementation phases of development. Costs incurred in the development phase are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software developed, which is five years.
| 36,561 |
https://github.com/truecoach/ember-fit-form/blob/master/config/environment.js
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| 2,021 |
ember-fit-form
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truecoach
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JavaScript
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Code
| 19 | 54 |
'use strict';
module.exports = function (/* environment, appConfig */) {
return {
'ember-fit-form': {
adapter: 'ember-changeset',
},
};
};
| 40,193 |
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons%20of%20Madness
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Moons of Madness
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https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moons of Madness&action=history
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Russian
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Spoken
| 332 | 886 |
Moons of Madness — компьютерная ролевая игра, разработанная финской студией Rock Pocket Games и выпущенная Funcom в 2019 году. Сюжет игры основан на Мифах Ктулху Говарда Филлипса Лавкрафта. Игра напоминает повесть «Хребты безумия», в ней есть отсылки к Древним богам и заметно влияние Мифов Ктулху. Ее действие происходит в той же вселенной, что и Secret World Legends, и Moons of Madness содержит множество отсылок к этой игре.
Игровой процесс
В игровом процессе Moons of Madness перемежаются спокойные исследовательские моменты и редкие погони. Одна из центральных механик игры — способность героя, позволяющая «сканировать» окружение и взламывать оборудование. Некоторые моменты игры содержат головоломки или мини-игры — например, Moons of Madness может предлагать игру настраивать положение антенны, чтобы поймать сигнал, или восстанавливать цепь питания; многие загадки сводятся лишь к необходимости найти нужный объект и вставить его в подходящий слот. Подобно многим хоррор-играм, игровой персонаж не вооружен и может лишь убегать от врагов; прятаться в большинстве случаев не нужно — достаточно по прямой линии бежать к ближайшей двери.
Сюжет
Действие Moons of Madness происходит на планете Марс, на станции, принадлежащей корпорации «Орочи». Эта база секретна — официально корпорация ведет научные изыскания на Земле, в Антарктике, и на станции есть студия, где снимаются поддельные ролики про Землю. В начале игры инженер Шейн Ньюхарт выполняет обычные задачи по обслуживанию оборудования, но вскоре его начинают преследовать видения, в которых он попадает в «кошмарную» версию станции — здесь Ньюхарта преследуют щупальца, таинственные голоса и некая женщина, затаившая на него личную обиду.
Релиз
Игра была выпущена 22 октября 2019 года для персональных компьютеров; выход версий для игровых приставок Xbox One и PlayStation 4 первоначально был запланирован на январь 2020 года, но был отложен до 24 марта 2020.
Оценка
Обозреватель издания 3DNews Daily Digital Digest Денис Щенников поставил игре 7,5 баллов. Его похвалы были удостоен сюжет и визуальное окружение, а критики — неспешная динамика и темп.
Примечания
Компьютерные игры 2019 года
Компьютерные игры, основанные на работах Говарда Лавкрафта
Игры о Марсе
Игры для Windows
Игры для PlayStation 4
Игры для Xbox One
| 44,413 |
US-201616083121-A_2
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USPTO
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Open Government
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Public Domain
| 2,016 |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 2,989 | 3,668 |
FIG. 15 describes an embodiment of a method detecting crosstalk between a first and a second transmission line, such as the lines of FIG. 2, which may be part of a cable. NEXT resulting from a signal sent onto the first line 102 at its first end is measured in the frequency domain 502 at the first end of the second line 105. The measurements are then windowed and inverse fast Fourier transformed, IFFT, 504 into the time domain. Thereafter, the measurements in time domain are rescaled 506 to distance using VoP to get NEXT per sub-distance (or sub-interval) of the cable, called NEXT TDT. The NEXT TDT is then detrended, i.e. compensated for attenuation, 508 to omit the noise floor. Thereafter, the detrended NEXT TDT, i.e. NEXT power values from sub-distances are summed to retrieve an ACRF estimation. The ACRF is then compared 512 with a threshold value that may have been set according to system requirements. If the ACRF estimation is below the threshold, the cable is concluded to be ok. If the ACRF estimation is above the threshold, the detrended NEXT TDT distribution over distance is analyzed 514. If crosstalk is evenly distributed along the cable, according to the analysis, it is concluded 516 that the cable has poor shielding or balance. If crosstalk is not evenly distributed along the cable, according to the analysis, a single point of leakage is concluded 518. The conclusion of the likely fault type can then be sent to the operator's management system as an alarm so that the operator can take an appropriate action to mitigate the problem.
FIG. 16, in conjunction with FIG. 2, shows an embodiment of a system 600 configured for estimating crosstalk between a first electrical transmission line 102 and a second electrical transmission line 105. The system comprises a processor 603 and a memory 604. The memory contains instructions executable by said processor, whereby the system 600 is operative for obtaining measurements of a received near end crosstalk, NEXT, signal, the NEXT signal being received at a first end 106 of the second transmission line 105 over a time period as a result of an electrical signal sent onto the first transmission line 102 from its first end 103, the obtained measurements being in the time domain. The system 600 is further operative for obtaining a crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval (X₁, X₂, X₃, X₄, X₅) by compensating the obtained measurements in the time domain of the received NEXT signal for round-trip attenuation of the sent signal from the first end of the first line to the sub-interval and back to the first end of the second line, and obtaining an estimate of a total crosstalk coupling by adding together at least some of the obtained crosstalk coupling estimates per transmission line sub-interval. The system 600 may also be called a crosstalk estimation system.
The receiver 107 connected to the first end of the second line 105 is arranged to receive the NEXT signal and either the receiver itself or a separate measurement unit connected to the receiver may perform the measurements on the received NEXT signal. The system then obtains the measurements from the receiver/measurement unit. The system 600 may be the second communication node 108, in which the receiver 107 that received the NEXT signal is situated, or the system may be any node of the communication system 110 directly or indirectly connected to the second communication node, such as in a baseband node, or in an operation support system, OSS, node of the communication system. According to another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the system may be a group of network nodes 122, 123, 124 of the communication system 110, wherein system 600 functionality are spread out over different physical, or virtual, network nodes 122, 123, 124. The latter may be called a “cloud”-solution.
According to an embodiment, the system 600 is further operative for determining whether the obtained estimate of total crosstalk coupling is below a threshold.
According to another embodiment, the system is operative for analysing distribution of the estimate of total crosstalk coupling over a measurement distance of the first and/or second transmission line, when the obtained estimate is not below the threshold.
According to another embodiment, the system is operative for obtaining the crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval by compensating the obtained measurements in the time domain for a phase shift of the sent signal from the first end of the first line to the sub-interval and back to the first end of the second line.
According to another embodiment, the system is further operative for determining a level of NEXT measurement noise floor at the first end of the second transmission line, and for obtaining the crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval by only compensating the obtained measurements for round-trip attenuation for the obtained measurements of NEXT signal that are at least an amount stronger than the determined NEXT measurement noise floor.
According to another embodiment, the system is operative for determining the NEXT measurement noise floor by obtaining measurements of two or more in time spread NEXT signals and calculate correlation between the measurements of the two or more signals.
According to another embodiment, the system is further operative for compensating the obtained measurements depending on a signal to noise ratio of the received NEXT signal, e.g. using a Wiener filtering based method.
According to another embodiment, the system is further operative for obtaining the measurements in time domain by measuring the received NEXT signal in the frequency domain and transforming the measurements in the frequency domain to the time domain.
According to another embodiment, the system is operative for obtaining the crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval by compensating the obtained measurements for round-trip delay and for round-trip attenuation.
According to other embodiments, the system 600 may further comprise a communication unit 602, which may be considered to comprise conventional means for communicating from/to the system 600 to/from other nodes in the communication system 110. The instructions executable by said processor 603 may be arranged as a computer program 605 stored e.g. in said memory 604. The processor 603 and the memory 604 may be arranged in a sub-arrangement 601. The sub-arrangement 601 may be a micro-processor and adequate software and storage therefore, a Programmable Logic Device, PLD, or other electronic component(s)/processing circuit(s) configured to perform the methods mentioned above.
The computer program 605 may comprise computer readable code means, which when run in the system 600 causes the system to perform the steps described in any of the described embodiments of the system. The computer program 605 may be carried by a computer program product connectable to the processor 603. The computer program product may be the memory 604. The memory 604 may be realized as for example a RAM (Random-access memory), ROM (Read-Only Memory) or an EEPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable ROM). Further, the computer program may be carried by a separate computer-readable medium, such as a CD, DVD or flash memory, from which the program could be downloaded into the memory 604. Alternatively, the computer program may be stored on a server or any other entity connected to the communication system 110 to which the system 600 has access via the communication unit 602. The computer program may then be downloaded from the server into the memory 604.
FIG. 17, in conjunction with FIG. 2, describes another embodiment of a system 600 configured for estimating crosstalk between a first electrical transmission line 102 and a second electrical transmission line 105. The system 600 comprises a first obtaining module 704 for obtaining measurements of a received near end crosstalk, NEXT, signal, the NEXT signal being received at a first end 106 of the second transmission line 105 over a time period as a result of an electrical signal sent onto the first transmission line 102 from its first end 103, the obtained measurements being in the time domain. The system 600 further comprises a second obtaining module 706 for obtaining a crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval, X₁, X₂, X₃, X₄, X₅, by compensating the obtained measurements in the time domain of the received NEXT signal for round-trip attenuation of the sent signal from the first end of the first line to the sub-interval and back to the first end of the second line. The system further comprises a third obtaining module 708 for obtaining an estimate of a total crosstalk coupling by adding together at least some of the obtained crosstalk coupling estimates per transmission line sub-interval. The system 600 may further comprise a communication unit 602 similar to the communication unit of FIG. 16.
Although the description above contains a plurality of specificities, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the concept described herein but as merely providing illustrations of some exemplifying embodiments of the described concept. It will be appreciated that the scope of the presently described concept fully encompasses other embodiments which may become obvious to those skilled in the art, and that the scope of the presently described concept is accordingly not to be limited. Reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless explicitly so stated, but rather “one or more.” All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the above-described embodiments that are known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed hereby. Moreover, it is not necessary for an apparatus or method to address each and every problem sought to be solved by the presently described concept, for it to be encompassed hereby. In the exemplary figures, a broken line generally means that what is within the broken line is an optional feature.
1. A method performed by a system for estimating crosstalk between a first electrical transmission line and a second electrical transmission line, the method comprising: obtaining measurements of a received near end crosstalk, NEXT, signal, the NEXT signal being received at a first end of the second transmission line over a time period as a result of an electrical signal sent onto the first transmission line from its first end, the obtained measurements being in the time domain; obtaining a crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval by compensating the obtained measurements in the time domain of the received NEXT signal for round-trip attenuation of the sent signal from the first end of the first line to the sub-interval and back to the first end of the second line; and obtaining an estimate of a total crosstalk coupling by adding together at least some of the obtained crosstalk coupling estimates per transmission line sub-interval.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: determining whether the obtained estimate of total crosstalk coupling is below a threshold.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein when the obtained estimate is not below the threshold, analysing distribution of the estimate of total crosstalk coupling over a measurement distance of the first and/or second transmission line.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval is further obtained by compensating the obtained measurements in the time domain for a phase shift of the sent signal from the first end of the first line to the sub-interval and back to the first end of the second line.
5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising determining a level of NEXT measurement noise floor at the first end of the second transmission line, and wherein the crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval is obtained by only compensating the obtained measurements for round-trip attenuation for the obtained measurements of NEXT signal that are at least an amount stronger than the determined NEXT measurement noise floor.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the NEXT measurement noise floor is determined by obtaining measurements of two or more in time spread NEXT signals and calculate correlation between the measurements of the two or more signals.
7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising compensating the obtained measurements depending on a signal to noise ratio of the received NEXT signal, e.g. using a Wiener filtering based method.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of measurements in time domain comprises measuring the received NEXT signal in the frequency domain and transforming the measurements in the frequency domain to the time domain.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of measurements in time domain comprises measuring the received NEXT signal in the time domain.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of a crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval is performed by compensating the obtained measurements for round-trip delay and for round-trip attenuation.
11. A system configured for estimating crosstalk between a first electrical transmission line and a second electrical transmission line, the system comprising a processor and a memory, said memory containing instructions executable by said processor, whereby the system is operative for: obtaining measurements of a received near end crosstalk, NEXT, signal, the NEXT signal being received at a first end of the second transmission line over a time period as a result of an electrical signal sent onto the first transmission line from its first end, the obtained measurements being in the time domain; obtaining a crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval by compensating the obtained measurements in the time domain of the received NEXT signal for round-trip attenuation of the sent signal from the first end of the first line to the sub-interval and back to the first end of the second line, and obtaining an estimate of a total crosstalk coupling by adding together at least some of the obtained crosstalk coupling estimates per transmission line sub-interval.
12. The system according to claim 11, further being operative for determining whether the obtained estimate of total crosstalk coupling is below a threshold.
13. The system according to claim 12, wherein when the obtained estimate is not below the threshold, the system is operative for analysing distribution of the estimate of total crosstalk coupling over a measurement distance of the first and/or second transmission line.
14. The system according to claim 11, operative for obtaining the crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval by compensating the obtained measurements in the time domain for a phase shift of the sent signal from the first end of the first line to the sub-interval and back to the first end of the second line.
15. The system according to claim 11, further being operative for determining a level of NEXT measurement noise floor at the first end of the second transmission line, and for obtaining the crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval by only compensating the obtained measurements for round-trip attenuation for the obtained measurements of NEXT signal that are at least an amount stronger than the determined NEXT measurement noise floor.
16. The system according to claim 15, operative for determining the NEXT measurement noise floor by obtaining measurements of two or more in time spread NEXT signals and calculate correlation between the measurements of the two or more signals.
17. The system according to claim 11, further being operative for compensating the obtained measurements depending on a signal to noise ratio of the received NEXT signal, e.g. using a Wiener filtering based method.
18. The system according to claim 11, operative for obtaining the measurements in time domain by measuring the received NEXT signal in the frequency domain and transforming the measurements in the frequency domain to the time domain.
19. The system according to claim 11, operative for obtaining the crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval by compensating the obtained measurements for round-trip delay and for round-trip attenuation.
20. A computer program comprising computer readable code means to be run in a system, for estimating crosstalk between a first electrical transmission line and a second electrical transmission line, which computer readable code means when run in the system causes the system to perform the following steps: obtaining measurements of a received near end crosstalk, NEXT, signal, the NEXT signal being received at a first end of the second transmission line over a time period as a result of an electrical signal sent onto the first transmission line from its first end, the obtained measurements being in the time domain; obtaining a crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval by compensating the obtained measurements in the time domain of the received NEXT signal for round-trip attenuation of the sent signal from the first end of the first line to the sub-interval and back to the first end of the second line, and obtaining an estimate of a total crosstalk coupling by adding together at least some of the obtained crosstalk coupling estimates per transmission line sub-interval.
21. (canceled)
22. A system configured for estimating crosstalk between a first electrical transmission line and a second electrical transmission line, the system comprising: a first obtaining module for obtaining measurements of a received near end crosstalk, NEXT, signal, the NEXT signal being received at a first end of the second transmission line over a time period as a result of an electrical signal sent onto the first transmission line from its first end, the obtained measurements being in the time domain; a second obtaining module for obtaining a crosstalk coupling estimate per transmission line sub-interval by compensating the obtained measurements in the time domain of the received NEXT signal for round-trip attenuation of the sent signal from the first end of the first line to the sub-interval and back to the first end of the second line, and a third obtaining module for obtaining an estimate of a total crosstalk coupling by adding together at least some of the obtained crosstalk coupling estimates per transmission line sub-interval..
| 36,643 |
US-41796054-A_1
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USPTO
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Open Government
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Public Domain
| 1,954 |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 4,351 | 7,811 |
Process for producing 17-hydroxy-desoxycorticosterone
United States Patent 2 Claims. (Cl. 260-397.47-)
This invention relates to novel steroid compounds and processes of obtaining the same. More particularly, it is concerned with a process for converting preg-nenolone to A 3,20 -diketo-17u,2l-dihydroxy pregnene and A -3,20- diketo-1'7u-hydroxy-pregnene, and with novel steroid compounds useful in the preparation of these compounds.
This application is a continuation-in-part of our copending application Serial No. 326,576, filed December 2,786,857 Patented Mar. 26, 1957 The discovery of the remarkable efiectiveness of -oortisone and similar related compounds in the treatment of various diseases has stimulated great interest in finding other methods of preparing these compounds.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process .for the preparation of A -3, -diket o-17092l-dihydroxy-pregnene (Reichsteins Substance '8), an active adrenal hormone and A -3,20-diketo-l7a-hydroxy-pregnene. It is a further object to provide novel derivatives of pregnenolone which are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of these products. Another object is to provide processes for the preparation of said intermediates. Other objects will be apparent from the detailed description of our invention hereinafter provided.
In accordance with the present invention, We have found that A -3,20adiketo-17a,2l-dihydroxy-pregnene can be prepared from pregnenolone (A -3-hydr0xy-20keto-pregnene) by a process which can be represented as follows:
wherein R represents anacyl substituent, and R1 and R2 represent lower aliphatic acid radicals.
In this process, an acyl derivative of pregnenolone (I) is first chlorinated to saturate the A -unsaturated group and obtain the corresponding dichloro derivative (II) which is then acylated to produce the corresponding A 20-enol acylate derivative (III). Upon reacting the enol acylate with an oxidizing agent the corresponding 17,20- epoxide (IV) is obtained which on hydrolysis is converted to the 17a-hydroxy-20-keto compound (V). The
latter compound is thenreacted with bromine to produce oxy-20-keto-pregnene, and the like), employed as starting materials in the process of our invention, are readily prepared by acylating pregnenolone in accordance with procedures known in the art. Although other pregnenolone esters are suitable for use as starting materials in the process of our invention, we generally prefer to employa lower aliphatic acid ester, such as the acetate, since these esters are readily and conveniently prepared.
The first step of our process comprising the formation of the 5,6-dichloro compound is readily effected by treating the starting .material with chlorine. This is conveniently accomplished by intimately contacting the acylated pregnenolone derivative with chlorine in a suitable solvent medium, such as ether, benzene, halogenated hydrocarbons, and the like. For the obtainment of maximum yields under optimum conditions, we find it desirable to employ an amount of chlorine in slight excess over that theoretically required and to carry out the chlorination at a temperature below about 50 C. Thus, the chlorination of pregnenolone acetate is readily accomplished by mixing a chloroform solution of pregnenolone acetate and pyridine with a carbon tetrachloride solution of chlorine at a temperature of about -60 C. and allowing the resulting reaction mixture to warm up to about C. Alternatively, the reaction can be carried out by passing chlorine into a solution of the pregnenolone ester in a mixture of benzene and pyridine at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the solution is washed successively with dilute acid, dilute alkali and water to remove the pyridine and the solvent is evaporated by warming under diminished pressure to obtain the 5,6-dichloro compound which can be further purified by recrystallization from suitable solvents.
The second step of our process is effected by reacting the 5,6-dichloro compound with an excess of lower aliphatic acid anhydride or a lower aliphatic acid halide in the presence of a catalytic amount of a strong acid. The
acylation is conveniently effected by heating the reactants at a temperature of about 60l10 C. for about one to six hours. Strong acids, such as concentrated sulfuric acid, benzene sulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, and the like, are suitable catalysts for this reaction. For example, A -3,20-diacetoxy-5,6 dichloro-pregnene is conveniently obtained by heating 3-acetoxy-5,6-dichloro- ZO-keto-pregnane with acetic anhydride in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid on a steam bath for about four to five hours. After completion of the reaction, the product is recovered by decomposing the excess acetic anhydride with water, extracting the resulting aqueous solution with a suitable solvent such as ether, benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate and the like, and evaporating the extracts.
The oxidation of the enol acylate (III) to the corresponding epoxy compound (IV) is elfected by intimately contacting the enol acylate with an organic peroxy acid in a suitable solvent medium. Organic peroxy acids suitable as oxidizing agents for this reaction that might be mentioned include performic acid, peracetic acid, perbenzoic acid, perphthalic acid, and the like. Solvents for the reactants, for example, benzene, ether, halogenated hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons, and the like, are suitable reaction mediums. Thus, 3,20-diacetoxy-5,6- dichloro-17,20-epoxy-pregnane is prepared by adding a benzene solution of perbenzoic acid, or preferably an ethyl acetate solution of perphthalic acid, to A -3,20 diacetoxy-S,6-dichloro-pregnene at a temperature of about 10 C., allowing the resulting reaction mixture to warm up to room temperature, and permitting the reaction to continue at room temperature until the oxidation is substantially complete. At this point the mixture is washed with alkali to remove the excess perbenzoic acid, and the resulting benzene layer is evaporated under diminished pressure to obtain the desired epoxy compound.
The hydrolysis of the epoxide (IV) to form the corresponding l7u-hydroxy-20-keto compound (V) is efiected by treating IV with an alkali or acid in an aqueous alcoholic medium. Alkalis such as alkali metal hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates, and acids such as mineral acids, are suitable for elfecting this hydrolysis. For example, 3-17e-dihydroXy-S,6-dichloro-20-keto-pregnane is produced by adding, a solution of 3,20-diacetoxy-5,6dichloro-17,20-epoxy-pregnane in hot methanol to a solution of potassium hydroxide in aqueous methanol and maintaining the resulting reaction mixture at about 25 C. After the hydrolysis is completed by stirring the reaction mixture at room temperature for about an hour, the product is recovered by neutralizing the reaction mixture with acetic acid, and evaporating the resulting neutralized solution during which process the product crystallizes.
The conversion of V to the corresponding ZI-bromo compound is carried out by adding a slight molar excess of bromine to the steroid dissolved in a suitable inert organic solvent such as an ether, an aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbon, a halogenated hydrocarbon, and the like at a temperature of about 25100 C. For example, 3-170- dihydroxy-j,6-dichloro-20-keto-2l-bromo-pregnane is obtained by adding a solution of bromine in chloroform to a chloroform solution of 3-l7a-dihydroxy-5,6-dichloro-20- keto-pregnane and maintaining the reaction mixture at about 40-55 C. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is washed with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, and the product is obtained in crystalline form by evaporating the chloroform solution to a small volume.
The conversion of the 21-bromo compound (IV) to the Zl-acyloxy compound (VII) can be accomplished by several methods. The reaction can be carried out by direct metathesis with an alkali metal salt of a lower aliphatic acid. This reaction is conveniently accomplished by heating a solution of the 2l-bromo compound in a suitable solvent such as acetone, with the alkali metal salt for about 4-15 hours. The alkali metal salt can be added to the reaction mixture directly or formed in situ by the reaction of equivalent amounts of the organic carboxylic acid and an alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate.
Alternatively, the 21-bromo compound can be first convertcd to the 21-iodo compound by treatment with an iodide salt, for example sodium iodide, and the resulting iodo compound converted by metathesis as described above, to the desired 21-acyloxy compound.
Further, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the 21-acyloxy compound is also conveniently obtained by reacting the iodide salt and the alkali metal carboxylic acid salt concurrently with the 21-bromo compound. This method is generally preferred in carrying out this step of our process. Thus, 3-17a-dihydroxy-5,6-dichloro-20-keto- ZI-acetoxy-pregnane is conveniently prepared by refluxing a mixture of 3-l7 -dihydroxy 5,6 dichloro-20-keto-2lbrom'o-pregnane, acetone, potassium acetate, acetic acid and sodium iodide for about 4-5 hours. After adding water to the resulting reaction mixture, and distilling off the acetone, the desired 2-1-acetoxy compound can be recovered in crystalline form.
Theoxidation of the 3-hydroxyl group of compound VII to the -3-keto group of VIII is effected by treatment with suitable strong oxidizing agents. This reaction is most conveniently effected by' treatment with chromium trioxide in an aqueous solution of acetic and sulfuric acids ata temperature of about -20" C. For example, 3,20- diketo 5,6 dichloro-17a-hydroxy-21-acetoxy-pregnane is obtained by intimately contacting 3-17a-dihydroxy-5,6-dichloro-20-keto 2l-acetoxy-pregnane with chromium trioxide in an acetic acid-sulfuric acid reaction medium. The recovery of the oxidized product is efiected by extraction of the product from the reaction mixture with a suitable solvent such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene and the like.
The removal of chlorine from Compound VIII to produce the corresponding ester of A -3,20-diketo-17a,2ldihydroxy-pregnene is effected by treating VIII with a dehalogenating agent. Thus, this dehalogenation is readily accomplished by heating VIII with zinc or chromous chloride. For example, A -3,20-.diketo-17a-hydroxy-21- acetoxy-pregnene is produced by intimately contacting 3,20 diketo 5,6-dichloro-17a-hydroxy-2l-acetoxy-pregnane with zinc in an acetic acid medium at a temperature of about 40-80 C. After the reaction is complete, the reaction mixture is filtered and the desired product is recovered in crystalline form by adding water to the resulting filtrate and cooling the aqueous solution.
The esters of zi -3,20-diketo-l7a,2l-dihydroxy pregnene so obtained can be hydrolyzed by treatment with alkali to obtain Reichsteins Substance S.
In accordance with afurther embodiment of the present invention, it is found that A -3,20-diketo-17a-hydroxypregnene is produced by oxidizing '3-hydroxy-5,6-divchloro-17whydroxy-ZO-keto-pregnazne to obtain the corresponding 3-keto compound, and dehalogenating the latter compound. process can be shown as follows:
(XII) The oxidation of V to obtain the 3-keto compound is effected by reacting V with a strong oxidizing agent. Thus, this reaction is conveniently effected by reacting -3-hydroxy-5,6-dichloro-l7a-hydroxy 2 0 keto -'pregnane with chromium trioxide in the presence of acetic acid and sulfuric acid. The 3'-ket0 compound is recovered by adding water to the reaction mixture, extracting the resulting aqueous solution with a suitable solvent such as chloroform, and evaporating the solvent extracts.
The dehalogenation of "Xi to produce A 3,20-diketo- 17a-hydroxy-pregnene can be accomplished as described above for converting Compound VIII to Compound 'IX. Thus, the reaction is effected by treating 3,20-diketo5,6- dichloro-l7a-hydroxy-pregnane in acetone solution with chromous chloride. The dehalogenated product is recovered in crystalline form by concentrating the resulting reaction mixture under diminished pressure until the product precipitates and filtering the resulting concentrate.
In the step of removing the chloro substituents from 3,20-diketo-5 ,6-dichloro-l7u,21-dihydroxy pregnane and 3,20-diketo-5,6-dichloro-l7a-hydroXy-pregnane, the initial reactionproduct is believed to be the A compound which readily isomerizes to form the corresponding A compound. This isomerization is conveniently effected by treating the reaction product with a small amount of an acid such as sulfuric acid.
The products, A -3,20-diketo l7a,2l dihydroxy-pregnene, the esters of A -3,20-diketo-l7a,2l-dihydroxy-pregnene, and A -3,ZO-diketo-l7ot-hydroxy-pregnene which are obtained in accordance with the processes of the present invention can be treated by microbiological fermentation processes to introduce an oxygen containing substituent at C-ll. Thus, these-compounds are useful intermediates in the preparation of cortisone, and hydrocortisone, and similar related compounds.
It was indeed unexpected to find that the 5,6-double bond could be protected by the addition of chlorine in the process of our invention. Other attempts to protect this double bond by the addition of hydrogen chloride or the addition of bromine were unsuccessful. 'The addition of HCl caused some epimerization at C--l7, and the deirivative so obtained would have eliminated hydrogen chloride under the reaction conditions of our process. Similarly, when the double bond is protected'by the addition of bromine, the dibromo derivative of the pregnenolone ester is also unsatisfactory for use in the process of our invention. The dibromo derivative loses hydrogen bromide under the conditions of enol acylation. Also the dibromide was not suitable for use in the later steps of our process.
The following examples serve to illustrate methods of carrying out the processes of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1 3-acetoxy-5,6-dichloro-20-ket0-pregnane The starting material, pregnenolone acetate, may be conveniently prepared from pregnenolone as follows: A suspension of pregnenolone g.) in acetic anhydride (333 ml.) was heated to reflux, the solid all dissolving. The solution was refluxed 3.5 hours and then chilled slowly, with seeding, finally chilling. in ice. The crystals of pregnenolone acetate were collected, washed with cold methanol and dried at room temperature.
Pregnenolone acetate (152 g., 0.425 mole) was dissolved in chloroform (1500 ml.) and cooled to 20 C. A solution of chlorine in chloroform was prepared by passing chlorine gas into chloroform and on titration iodimetrically against thi'osulfate was found to be 0.689 M. A 650 ml. portion (1.05 X0425 mole) was added rapidly (a few minutes) to the steroid solution, maintaining the temperature below 20 C. The solution Was then concentrated under reduced pressure with a minimum of heat, flushed with acetone, and pumped dry. The residue was crystallized by dissolving in 800 ml. of boiling acetone, chilling, filtering, and washing with cold acetone. After drying to constant weight on the funnel, the product, 3-acetoxy-5,6-dichloro-20-keto-pregnane, melted at 194- 196.6 C.
The product may be recrystallized from methanol. The pure compound melted at l96.6-l98 C. The rotation was +6.5 (C: l, chloroform).
concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure.
' 7. EXAMPLE 2 3-acetoxy-5,6-dichlaro-20-keto-pregnane To a solution of 25 g. of pregnenolone acetate in 940 ml. of chloroform was added 6 ml. of pyridine. The solution, protected from atmospheric moisture by drying tubes, was cooled to 60 C. and 79 cc. of a 0.93 M solution of chlorine in carbon tetrachloride was added with stirring. A precipitate (complex of pyridine and chlorine) formed. The mixture was allowed to warm to 15 C. with stirring and with dissolution of the precipitate to give a colorless solution. The solution was washed successively with excess dilute hydrochloric acid, water, 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate and finally water. The solution was dried and concentrated and the residue was flushed with acetone and recrystallized from acetone to yield 3-acetoxy-5,6-dichloro-20-keto-pregnane melting at 193-197 C.
EXAMPLE 3 A -3,ZO-diacetbxy-Sfi-dichloro-pregnene with water (3X800 ml.), 10% sodium carbonate solution (2X320 ml.) and water (3x800 ml.).
The ether solution was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was flushed with benzene and the solvent removed under diminished pressure to obtain A -3,20-diacetoxy-S,6-dichloropregnene which was used directly in the next step.
EXAMPLE 4 3,20-diacezxy-5 ,6-dichl0r0-1 7,20-epoxy-pregnane To the A -3,20-djacetoxy- ,6 dichloro pregnene (0.248 mole) was added 910 ml. (l.5 0.248 moles) of perbenzoic acid in benzene solution at 10 C. The solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and was titrated periodically. After 4.75 hours 88% of the theoretical amount of perbenzoic acid was consumed. The solution was washed free of perbenzoic acid with cold 0.5 N sodium hydroxide (3 X 1000 ml.) to neutrality with water (3X1000 ml.), was dried over sodium sulfate and The amorphous residue was flushed with methanol, becoming crystalline. This residue was boiled with methanol (120 ml.) but did not dissolve. The suspension was chilled and filtered, and the crystalline product, 3,20-diacetoxy- 5,6-dichloro-17,20-epoxy-pregnane, was washed with cold methanol and dried.
chloro-pregnene (previously flushed with ethyl acetate) was added 600 ml. of a 0.487 molar solution of monoperphthalic acid in ethyl acetate (cold); The solid rapidly dissolved and the solution warmed itself to 30 C. The reaction was largely complete in three hours but was allowed to stand 2.5 days. The solution was washed free of peracidwith cold 0.5 N sodium hydroxide (3x600 ml.) and to neutrality with water (3x600 ml.), was
dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was slurried with :boiling methanol (70 m1.) and then chilled and filtered.
The crystals were washed with cold methanol and dried,
8 yielding 3,20-diacetoxy-5,6-dichloro 17,20 epoxy-pregnane.
EXAMPLE 6 3,17a-dihydroxy-5,6-dichlore-20 keto-pregnane A solution of potassium hydroxide (96.3 g., 1.72 moles) in water (180 ml.) plus methanol (717 ml.) was prepared and cooled to 25 C. A solution of 3,20 diacetoxy-5,6 dichloro 17,20 epoxy pregnane (84 g., 0.172 mole) in boiling methanol (1000 ml.) was added over fifteen minutes, maintaining the temperature at 25 C. with an ice bath. The reaction was stirred for an hour at room temperature, during which time a small amount of product precipitated. The mixture was neutralized with acetic acid (84 ml.) and concentrated to a small volume under reduced pressure. Water (717 ml.) was added and after chilling, the crystals of 3,17a-dihydroxy-S ,6 dichloro 20 keto pregnane were collected, washed three times with water, and dried. The product melted at 194194.8 C. dec. Upon recrystallization the product was found to melt at 203204 C. dec.
EXAMPLE 7 3,1 7a-dihydr0xy-5,6-dichloro-20-keto-pregnane Five grams of 3,20-diacetoxy-5,6-dichloro-17,20-epoxypregnane obtained in ExampleS was dissolved in boiling methanol (202 ml.). A solution of potassium bicarbonate (6.15 g.) in water (20.2 ml.) was added and the mixture was refluxed for three hours. Water was added, and the methanol was removed under reduced pressure, crystallization occurring in the process. The resulting aqueous suspension was chilled and filtered, and the crystals were washed with water and dried to give 3,170:- dihydroxy-5,6-dichloro 20 keto pregnane, melting at 192196 C. (dec.).
EXAMPLE 8 3,1 7 a-dihyaroxy-S ,6-dichlor0-20-ket0-21 -b. r0m0-pregnane 3,17 a-dihydroxy-5,6-dichloro 20 keto-pregnane (4.03 g., 10 mM.) was dissolved in warm chloroform ml.). A solution of bromine (11 mM.) in chloroform (28.1 ml. total volume) was added over a period of one hour maintaining the reaction at 46-48 C. The solution was washed with 10% sodium bicarbonate solution (50 ml.) and water (50 ml.). The chloroform solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue became crystalline on warming in a small amount of methanol. After chilling, the crystals of 3,17oc-dihY- droxy-5,6-dichloro-20-keto-21-bromo-pregnane were collected, washed with a little cold methanol, and dried. The product melted with decomposition at 179.5-181.5 C.
EXAMPLE 9 3,17a-dihydroxy-5,6-dichl0r0-20-ket0-21-acet0xypregnane EXAMPLE 10 3,1 7u-aihydroxy-5,6-dichlor0-20-keto-21-acet0xypregnane A mixture of 0.32 g. of 3,17a-dihydroxy-5,6-dichloro- 20-keto-2l-bromo-pregnane, 1.0 g. of potassium acetate and 25 cc. of acetone was refluxed for four hours. Water (50 ml.) was added and the acetone was removed under "amass? reduced pressure. The resulting crystalline suspension 188-192" C. (dec.). Its infrared spectrum was the same as that of an authentic specimen of 3,1-7u-dihydroxy-5,6- dich1oro-20-keto-21-acetoxy-pregnane.
EXAMPLE 11 One gram of 3,l7a-dihydroxy-5,6-dich1oro-20-keto-2lacetoxy-pregnane was dissolved in acetic acid (20 ml.) and water (2 ml.) was added to prevent freezing. The solution was chilled in an ice bath. Asolution of chromium trioxide (0.216 g.) in water (0.2 ml.) plus acetic acid (2.5 ml.) was added over ten minutes while stirring in the ice bath. Sulfuric acid (conct, 0.121 ml.) was then added over two minutes as stirring continued, in the ice bath. After 20 minutes a heavy precipitate had formed. After 70 minutes further, the mixture was shaken with chloroform (50 ml.), and water (50 ml.). The chloroform layer was washed with 2.5% sodium bicarbonate solution (3 50 ml.) and water (50 ml.), with back washing with small amounts of chloroform. The chloroform solution was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crystalline residue, 3,20-diketo-5,6-dichloro-17a-hydroxy-21-acetoxypregnane, was washed onto a funnel with anhydrous ether. The white fibers of 3,20-diketo-5,6-dichloro-17cchydroxy-2l-acetoxy-pregnane decomposed at 198-198.5 C.
EXAMPLE 12 M-iZO-diketo-I7a-hydr0xy-21-acet0xy-pregnene 0.5 g. of 3,20-diketo-5,6-dichloro-17u-hydroxy-2l-acetoxy-pregnane was dissolved in warm acetic acid (25 ml.) and with stirring was treated over a period of one hour with zinc dust in five portions of 0.1 g. each at progressively increasing temperatures beginning at 40 C. and ending at 80 C. The mixture was filtered and the cake was washed with acetic acid (10 ml.). The filtrate plus wash was diluted slowly with water (140 ml.) and the suspension was chilled for two hours and filtered. The crystals of A -3,20-diketo-17a-hydroxy-21-acetoxypregnene (Substance S acetate) were washed with water, dried, and recrystallized from acetone.
EXAMPLE 13 A -3,20-d i keto-J 7 a -hydrxy-21 -acetoxy-pregn ene A solution of chromous chloride was prepared by treating a solution of chromic chloride (10 g.) in water (40 ml.) containing concentrated hydrochloric acid (4. ml.) with amalgamated zinc dust (20 g.). The solution of chromous chloride was added to a solution of 3,20-diketo- 5,6-dichloro-17a-hydroxy-2l-acetoxy-pregnane (0.50 g.) in acetone (70 ml.) under a carbon dioxide atmosphere. After a few minutes standing at room temperature crystallization occurred. After an hour water was added and the acetone was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting suspension of crystals was chilled and the crystals were collected, washed with water and dried, giving mate rial melting at 218-225 C. This material showed A max. at 2410 with E% of 267, indicating that about 60% of the A -3,20-diketo-17a-hydroxy-2laacetoxy-pregnene had already been isomerized to Substance S acetate. Complete isomerization was effected by adding to a hot solution of 0.100 g. of the material in acetone (5 ml.) 6 drops of a solution prepared from 0.3 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid and 10 ml. of acetone. The solution was boiled for six minutes then cooled and the resulting crystals of Substance S acetate were separated. After drying, the product melted at 234-236 0., showed A max. at 2400 A. (E% =419) and its infrared spectrum was identical with 10 the infrared spectrum of an authentic specimen of Substance Sac'etate.
EXAMPLE l4 3,20-diket0-5,6-dichl0r0-17a-hydroxy-pregnane Ten grams of 3-hydroxy-5,6-dichloro-17o -hydroxy-20- keto-pregnane was dissolved in glacial acetic acid (350 ml.). Water (35 ml.) was added and the solution was cooled to 4 C. A solution of 2.48 g. of chromium trioxide in 2.48 ml. of water and 22 ml. of acetic acid was added over four minutes with stirring and in an ice bath. Concentrated sulfuric acid (1.4 ml.) was added over five minutes and then the reaction mixture was stirred further in the ice bath for minutes. The mixture was then shaken with chloroform (437 ml.) and water (700 ml.). The aqueous layer was separated and reextracted with chloroform (100 ml.). The combined chloroform layer was washed with water (500 ml.'), 2.5 aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (2x500 ml.) and water (500 ml.). The chloroform solution was dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure wtih a minimum of heat. The residue was slurried with ether, filtered, washedwith ether and dried. The l7a-hydroxy-5,6-dichloro-3,20-diketo-pregnane so obtained decomposed at -160 C.
EXAMPLE 15 A -3,20-diket0-17a-hydroxy-pregnene To a solution of 6.13 g. of 17a-hydroxy-5,6-dic=hloro- 3,20-diketo-pregnane (prepared as in Example 14) in acetone (800 ml.) was added 500 m1. of chromous chloride prepared as described in Example 13. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting suspension of crystals was chilled and filtered and the product was washed wtih water. When dry it melted at -205 C.
To a solution of 4.43 g. of the above material in acetone (100 ml.) at the boiling point was added 5.31 ml. of a solution of concentrated sulfuric acid (0.3 ml.) in acetone 10 ml.). The solution was boiled six minutes, 60 ml. of acetone distilling off in the process. The solution was chilled and the resulting crystals of 17a-hydroxyprogesterone were collected, Washed with cold acetone and dried. The product, A -3,20-diketo-17a-hydroxy-pregnene, melted at 210215 C.
EXAMPLE 16 3 -acet0xy-5 ,6 -d ich loro-I 7 a-h ydroxy-ZO-ketmpregnane A mixture of 5.00 g. of 3,20-diacetoxy-5,6-dichloro- 17,20-epoxy pregnane, 30 cc. of methanol and 0.1 cc. of concentrated aqueous hydrochloric acid solution was prepared and heated at reflux temperature for a period of approximately 30 minutes. The mixture was then chilled in an ice bath and the resulting crystals of 3-acetoxy-5,6 dichloro-l7a-hydroxy-20-keto-pregnane were filtered and washed with cold methanol. The crystalline product was then dried and recrystallized from acetone to give essentially pure 3-acetoxy-5,6-dichloro-17ahydr0xy-20-ketopregnane, M. P. 211-218 C. dec.
Various changes and modifications may be made in carrying out the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Insofar as these changes and modifications are within the purview of the annexed claims, they are to be considered as part of our invention.
We claim:
1. The process which comprises reacting a pregnenolone ester of a lower fatty acid with chlorine to form the corresponding 5,6-dichloro compound, treating said dichloro compound with a member from the group consistrng of lower fatty acid anhydrides and lower fatty acid halides in the presence of a strong acid to produce the correspond-ing A -enol acylate, reacting said enol acylate with an organic peroxy acid to produce the corresponding 17,20-epoxy derivative, hydrolyzing said epoxy derivative to produce 3,17a-dihydroxy-5,6-dichloro-20 CHQORZ wherein R2 is a lower fatty acid radical.
2. The process whidh comprises reacting pregnenolone acetate with chlorine to product 3acetoxy-5,6-dichloro- 20-keto-pregnane treating said dichloro compound with acetic anhydride in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid to obtain A -3,20-diacetoxy-5,6-dichloro-pregnene, intimately contacting the resulting enol acetate with perphthalic acid to produce 3,20-diacetoxy-5,6-dichloro-17,20- epoXy-pregnane, reacting said epoxy compound with potassium bicarbonate in aqueous methanol to produce 3,17a dihydroxy-5,6-dich1oro 2O keto-pregnane, intimately contacting said product with bromine to produce 3 17a-dihydroxy-5,6-dichloro-20-keto-21-bromo-pregnane, reacting said bromo compound with potassium acetate and sodium iodide to produce 3,17a-dihydroxy-5,6-dichloro 20 keto-2l-acetoxy-pregnane, reacting said acetoxy-compound with chromium trioxide in the presence of acetic acid and sulfuric acid to obtain the corresponding 3-keto compound, and treating said keto compound with chromous chloride to produce A -3,20-diketo-17a-hydroxy- 2l-acetoxy-pregnene.
References Cited in the file of this patent Heer: Helv. Chim. Acta 34, 359-72 (1941).
1. THE PROCESS WHICH COMPRISES REACTING A PREGNENOLONE STER OF A LOWER FATTY ACID WITH CHLORINE TO FORM THE CORRESPONDING 5,6-DICHLORO COMPOUND, TREATING SAID DICHLORO COMPOUND WITH A MEMBER FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF LOWER FATTY ACID ANHYDIDES AND LOWER FATTY ACID HALIDES IN THE PRESENCE OF A STRONG ACID TO PRODUCE THE CORRESPONDING $17(20)-ENOL ACYLATE, REACTING SAID ENOL ACYLATE WITH AN ORGANIC PEROXY ACID TO PRODUCE THE CORRESPONDING 17, 20-EPOXY DRIVATIVE, HYDROLYZING SAID EPOXY DERIVATIVE TO PRODUCE 3,17A-DIHYDROXY-5,6-DICHLORO-20KETO-PREGNANE, INTIMATELY CONTACTING SAID PREGNANE WITH BROMINE TO PRODUCE THE CORRESPONDING 21-BROMO COMPOUND, REACTING SAID BROMO COMPOUND WITH AN ALKALI METAL SALT OF A LOWER FATTY ACID TO PRODUCE THE CORRESPONDING 21-ACYLOXY COMPOUND, TREATING SAID ACYLOXY COMPOUND WITH AN OXIDIZING AGENT TO PRODUCE THE CORRESPONDING 3-KETO COMPOUND, AN INTIMATELY CONTACTING SAID KETO COMPOUND WITH A DEHALOGENATING AGENT TO OBTAIN A PREGNANE COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA.
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Bukit Kumbang
| 15,596 |
https://github.com/uk-gov-mirror/UKHomeOffice.hocs-management-ui/blob/master/server/middleware/csrf.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
UKHomeOffice.hocs-management-ui
|
uk-gov-mirror
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 29 | 77 |
const csurf = require('csurf');
const { isProduction } = require('../config');
const csrfMiddleware = csurf({
cookie: {
path: '/',
httpOnly: true,
secure: isProduction
}
});
module.exports = { csrfMiddleware };
| 4,392 |
5617806_1
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
| 122 | 160 |
Luke, J.
Rucker was indicted for assault with intent to murder, and the jury, as they were authorized to do under the evidence, found the defendant guilty of shooting at another not in his own defense. Grounds 4 and 5 of the amended motion for a new trial, in view of the note of the trial judge, are without merit. The other special assignments of error, when the charge is read in its entirety, are without merit. The charge of the court was adjusted to the issues, and the defendant has had a legal trial, and for no reason pointed out did the court err in overruling the motion for a new trial.
Judgment affirmed.
Broyles, O. J., and Bloodtoorlh, J., concur.
| 27,952 |
https://github.com/okfde/bundesrat-scraper/blob/master/hessen/scraper_hessen.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
bundesrat-scraper
|
okfde
|
Python
|
Code
| 828 | 2,738 |
import re
import pdb
import requests
from lxml import html as etree
import pdfcutter
# Import relative Parent Directory for Helper Classes
import os, sys
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('..')) #Used when call is ` python3 file.py`
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.')) #Used when call is ` python3 $COUNTY/file.py`
import helper
import selectionVisualizer as dVis
import PDFTextExtractor
import MainBoilerPlate
INDEX_URL = 'https://staatskanzlei.hessen.de/berlin-europa/hessen-berlin/bundesrat/abstimmungsverhalten-und-ergebnislisten'
BASE_URL='http://suche.transparenz.hamburg.de/'
NUM_RE = re.compile(r'.*[/_](\d+)[.]?_.*\.pdf') #Link from 965 completely different than all other links
BR_TEXT_RE = re.compile(r'^Ergebnis BR:')
class MainExtractorMethod(MainBoilerPlate.MainExtractorMethod):
#Out: Dict of {sessionNumberOfBR: PDFWebLink} entries
def _get_pdf_urls(self):
# Current Session on different page then all the rest
response = requests.get(INDEX_URL)
root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
yearFields = root.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[3]/section/div[1]/div/div/div/div[3]/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div/span/div[3]/div/div/div/a') #Get Links to year sections
for yearField in yearFields:
yearLink = yearField.attrib['href']
yearResponse = requests.get(yearLink, headers={'User-Agent': '-'}) #Without User-Agent, get 403 Forbidden for 2020 Page (but not for 2018/2019)
yearRoot = etree.fromstring(yearResponse.content)
if "2018" in yearLink: #Extra redirect in this year
sessionInYearFields = yearRoot.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[3]/section/div[1]/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div/span/div[3]/div/div/div/a') #All Sessions in given year
for sessionField in sessionInYearFields:
redirectLink = sessionField.attrib['href'] #Link to Website, where I can find actual PDF Link
redirectResponse = requests.get(redirectLink)
redirectRoot = etree.fromstring(redirectResponse.content)
pdfField = redirectRoot.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[3]/section/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div/div/article/div[1]/ul/li/div/div/span/a')[0] #Exactly one field with this xpath
sessionPDFLink = pdfField.attrib['href']
num = int(NUM_RE.search(sessionPDFLink).group(1))
yield int(num), sessionPDFLink
else: #2019- no second redirect anymore
sessionInYearFields = yearRoot.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[3]/section/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div/div/article/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div/div/span/a') #All Sessions in given year (2019-)
for sessionField in sessionInYearFields:
sessionPDFLink = sessionField.attrib['href']
num = int(NUM_RE.search(sessionPDFLink).group(1))
yield int(num), sessionPDFLink
#For HE 985, Subparts are on next line below actual number of TOP. Therefore, first line of texts gets cut away or first line next TOP is added. Add Extra Offsets to fix this
class VerticalSenatsAndBRTextExtractor985(PDFTextExtractor.VerticalSenatsAndBRTextExtractor):
#Out: tuple of clean_text of senats/BR Text
def _extractSenatBRTexts(self, selectionCurrentTOP, selectionNextTOP):
if selectionNextTOP is None:
selectionNextTOP = selectionCurrentTOP.empty()
offsetSubpartCurrentTOPHasSubpart = 0 #Offset to get first line of text
offsetSubpartNextTOPHasSubpart = 0 #Offset to remove first line of text next top
LETTER_RE = re.compile(r'[a-z]')
if LETTER_RE.search(selectionCurrentTOP.clean_text()): # Current TOP has Subpart -> add offset for first line
offsetSubpartCurrentTOPHasSubpart = 25
if LETTER_RE.search(selectionNextTOP.clean_text()): # Next TOP has Subpart -> remove offset for first line next TOP
offsetSubpartNextTOPHasSubpart = 25
#Need for some reason everywhere small offset, dont know why, but it works
senats_text = self.cutter.all().filter(
doc_top__gte = selectionCurrentTOP.doc_top - self.offset - offsetSubpartCurrentTOPHasSubpart, #Also look at row with TOP in it
doc_top__lt = selectionNextTOP.doc_top - self.offset - offsetSubpartNextTOPHasSubpart, # Lower Bound
top__gte=self.page_heading,
bottom__lt=self.page_footer,
left__gte = self.senatLeft - self.offset,
right__lt = self.senatRight + self.offset,
)
br_text = self.cutter.all().filter(
doc_top__gte = selectionCurrentTOP.doc_top - self.offset - offsetSubpartCurrentTOPHasSubpart, #Also look at row with TOP in it
doc_top__lt = selectionNextTOP.doc_top - self.offset - offsetSubpartNextTOPHasSubpart, # Lower Bound
top__gte=self.page_heading,
bottom__lt=self.page_footer,
left__gte = self.brLeft - self.offset,
right__lt = self.brRight + self.offset,
)
senats_text = senats_text.clean_text()
br_text = br_text.clean_text()
return senats_text, br_text
#TODO Same class already used in HA - merge
#Somehow, with ^ (beginning of selection) when searching for "30, 31, 55" 992 HE, never get any selection. Therefore, remove ^ from regex for Hamburg
class CustomTOPFormatPositionFinderNoPrefix(PDFTextExtractor.CustomTOPFormatPositionFinder):
#Fork of DefaultTOPPositionFinder._getNumberSelection, only difference regex no "^"
def _getPrefixStringSelection(self, s):
escapedS = helper.escapeForRegex(s)
allSelectionsS = self.cutter.filter(auto_regex='{}'.format(escapedS))# Returns all Selections that have Chunks which *contain* s
return self._getHighestSelection(allSelectionsS)
#Senats/BR Texts and TOPS in HE all have same formatting
class TextExtractorHolder(PDFTextExtractor.TextExtractorHolder):
#Can't uncouple Subpart from number TOP (e.g. BA 985 "9a)." ) , so use CustomTOPFormatPositionFinder for this
#Still use default format for number only TOPs
def _getRightTOPPositionFinder(self, top):
if self.sessionNumber == 985: #In 985, subpart always on newline to Number. DefaultTOPPositionFinder can handle this
return PDFTextExtractor.DefaultTOPPositionFinder(self.cutter)
formatTOPsWithSubpart="{number} {subpart}." #e.g. HE 965 13. b) is "13 b." - Default
if self.sessionNumber == 965:
formatTOPsWithSubpart="{number} {subpart}." #e.g. HE 965 13. b) is "13 b."
if top == "14. a)":
formatTOPsWithSubpart="{number}{subpart}/" #e.g. HE 965 14. a) is "14a/"
elif top == "14. b)":
formatTOPsWithSubpart="{number}{subpart}" #e.g. HE 965 14. b) is "14b"
elif 985 <= self.sessionNumber <= 988 :
formatTOPsWithSubpart="{number} {subpart})" #e.g. HE 986 32. b) is "32 b)"
elif (self.sessionNumber == 972):
return PDFTextExtractor.CustomTOPFormatPositionFinder(self.cutter, TOPRight=100, formatSubpartTOP=formatTOPsWithSubpart) #Else match 18. with "18. Oktober..." of TOP 13a
elif (self.sessionNumber == 992) and (top in ["30.", "31.", "55."]):# They forgot point after number there but e.g. 31 is ubiquious ("Drucksache 331/20" in TOP 2.)
formatNumberOnlyTOP="{number}"
rightBorderTOP = 237 # Taken from pdftohtml -xml output
return CustomTOPFormatPositionFinderNoPrefix(self.cutter, TOPRight=rightBorderTOP, formatNumberOnlyTOP=formatNumberOnlyTOP, formatSubpartTOP=formatTOPsWithSubpart) #Subpart format not necessary , but more consistent like this
return PDFTextExtractor.CustomTOPFormatPositionFinder(self.cutter, formatSubpartTOP=formatTOPsWithSubpart)
# return PDFTextExtractor.DefaultTOPPositionFinder(self.cutter)
# formatNumberOnlyTOPs="{number}"
# formatTOPsWithSubpart="{number}{subpart})." #e.g. BA 985 9. a) is "9a)."
# return PDFTextExtractor.CustomTOPFormatPositionFinder(self.cutter, formatSubpartTOP=formatTOPsWithSubpart)
# Decide if I need custom rules for special session/TOP cases because PDF format isn't consistent
#In BA all Text Rules are consistent
def _getRightSenatBRTextExtractor(self, top, cutter):
if self.sessionNumber == 985:
return VerticalSenatsAndBRTextExtractor985(cutter,
# Taken from pdftohtml -xml output
page_heading = 95,
page_footer = 825,
senatLeft = 409,
brLeft = 800,
)
#HE 965 14a/b have very strange format together
if (self.sessionNumber == 965) and top == "14. b)":
return VerticalSenatsAndBRTextExtractor985(cutter,
# Taken from pdftohtml -xml output
page_heading = 95,
page_footer = 825,
senatLeft = 409,
brLeft = 800,
)
return PDFTextExtractor.VerticalSenatsAndBRTextExtractor(cutter,
# Taken from pdftohtml -xml output
page_heading = 95,
page_footer = 825,
senatLeft = 409,
brLeft = 800,
)
| 20,636 |
https://github.com/doctrine/phpcr-odm/blob/master/lib/Doctrine/ODM/PHPCR/Query/Builder/OperandDynamicField.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,023 |
phpcr-odm
|
doctrine
|
PHP
|
Code
| 75 | 236 |
<?php
namespace Doctrine\ODM\PHPCR\Query\Builder;
/**
* Operand evaluates to the value of the given field of the
* aliased document.
*
* @author Daniel Leech <daniel@dantleech.com>
*/
class OperandDynamicField extends AbstractLeafNode
{
protected $alias;
protected $field;
public function __construct(AbstractNode $parent, $field)
{
[$alias, $field] = $this->explodeField($field);
$this->alias = $alias;
$this->field = $field;
parent::__construct($parent);
}
public function getNodeType()
{
return self::NT_OPERAND_DYNAMIC;
}
public function getAlias()
{
return $this->alias;
}
public function getField()
{
return $this->field;
}
}
| 24,207 |
https://github.com/enterstudio/precisionFDA/blob/master/app/assets/stylesheets/components/notes.sass
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
CC0-1.0
| 2,022 |
precisionFDA
|
enterstudio
|
Sass
|
Code
| 198 | 884 |
@import "_common"
$note-background: lighten($brand-blue-subtler, 1%)
.note-titlebar
& input
font-size: $font-size-h3
font-weight: 300
color: $brand-blue-dark
line-height: $line-height-base
height: auto
.pfda-note
border: 1px solid $gray-lighter
border-radius: $border-radius-base
.note-flexbox
@include flexbox
@include align-items(stretch)
background-color: $note-background
.note-sidebar
min-width: 300px
max-width: 400px
border-left: 1px solid $brand-blue-subtle
border-top-right-radius: $border-radius-base
border-bottom-right-radius: $border-radius-base
&.note-sidebar-padded
padding: $padding-base-vertical $padding-base-horizontal
.note-pane
width: 100%
position: relative
.ace-editor-section
min-height: 400px
.tab-pane
background-color: #fff
.note-display, .note-preview
padding: 20px
min-height: 400px
background-color: #fff
border-bottom-left-radius: $border-radius-small
.note-attachments
.list-group
padding-right: $padding-xs-horizontal
.list-group-item
color: $brand-blue-tertiary
background-color: transparent
border-color: transparent
padding: $padding-xs-vertical $padding-xs-horizontal
.list-group-item-heading
margin: 0
padding: $padding-base-vertical 0
&.attachment-is-new
font-weight: bold
.note-section-title
color: $brand-blue-tertiary
font-size: 14px
font-weight: bold
margin: 5px 0 10px
text-transform: uppercase
@media (max-width: $screen-sm-max)
.note-flexbox
/* On small screens, we are no longer using row direction but column */
@include flex-direction(column)
.note-sidebar
max-width: none
.note-editing
.note-titlebar
padding: 0
.input-group-addon
border: 0
background: transparent
font-size: $font-size-h3
input
padding: $padding-large-vertical $padding-base-horizontal
box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 0px 5px $brand-highlight
border: 0
border-radius: $border-radius-base
border-bottom-left-radius: 0
border-bottom-right-radius: 0
.note-attachments
.list-group-item
position: relative
padding-right: 15px
&.attachment:hover
border: 1px dotted #ccc
cursor: move
cursor: -webkit-grab
cursor: -moz-grab
.btn-remove
position: absolute
right: 0
top: 3px
background: $note-background
padding: 0 3px
&.removed
.item-name
text-decoration: line-through
.btn-remove
color: $link-color
&:hover
color: $link-hover-color
| 2,569 |
worksjohndryden19drydgoog_4
|
English-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,808 |
The Works of John Dryden: Now First Collected in Eighteen Volumes ...
|
John Dryden
|
English
|
Spoken
| 6,951 | 9,669 |
Before 'twas tried and found a master-piece. XVI. View then a monarch ripened for a throne. Alcides thus his race began. O'er infancy he swiftly ran ; The future God at first was more than man : Dangers and toils, and Juno's hate, Even o'er his cradle lay in wait, And there he grappled first with fate ; In his young hands the hissing snakes he prest, So early was the Deity confest; Thus, by degrees, he rose to Jove's imperial seat; Thus difficulties prove a soul legitimately great Like his, our hero's infancy was tried ; Betimes the furies did their snakes provide, And to his infant arms oppose His father s rebels, and his brother's foes ; The more opprest, the higher still he rose. Those were the preludes of his fate. That formed his manhood, to subdue The hydra of the many-headed hissing crew. 1 Digitized by Google THRENODIA AUGUSTALIS. 77 XVII. As after Numa's peaceful reign, The martial Ancus * did the sceptre wield, Furbished the rusty sword again, Resumed the long-forgotten shield, And led the Latins to the dusty field; So James the drowsy genius wakes Of Britain long entranced in charms, RestifF and slumbering on its arms ; Tis roused, and, with a new-strung nerve, the spear already shakes. No neighing of the warrior steeds, No drum, or louder trumpet, needs To inspire the coward, warm the cold ; His voice, his sole appearance, makes them bold. Gaul and Batavia dread the impending blow; Too well the vigour of that arm they know ; They lick the dust, and crouch beneath their fetal foe. Long may they fear this awful prince. And not provoke his lingering sword; Peace is their only sure defence, Their best security his M'ord. In all the changes of his doubtful state. His truth, like heaven's, was kept inviolate ; For him to promise is to make it fete. His valour can triumph o er land and main ; With broken oaths his fame he will not stain ; With conquest basely bought, and with inglorious gain. * Ancus Martiusy who succeeded the peaceful Numa Pompi- lius as kiog of Rome. Digitized by Google 78 THRENODIA AUGUSTALI8. XVIII. For once, O heaven, unfold thy adamantine book ; And let his wondering senate see, If not thy firm immutable decree, At least the second page of strong contingency, Such as consists witn wills, originally free. Let them with glad amazement look On what their happiness may be ; Let them not still be obstinately blind. Still to divert the good thou hast designed, Or, with malignant penury, To starve the royal virtues of his mind. Faith is a Christian's and a subject's test ; Oh give them to believe, and they are surely blest. They do ; and with a distant view I see The amended vows of English loyalty ; And all beyond that object, there appears The long retinue of a prosperous reign, A series of successful yiears, In orderly array, a martial, manly train. Behold e'en the remoter shores, A conquering navy proudly spread ; The British cannon formidably roars, While, starting from his oozy bed, The asserted Ocean rears his reverend head, To view and recognize his ancient lord again ; And, with a willing hand, restores The fasces of the main. Note VIII. Digitized by Google NOTES OK THRENODIA AUGUSTALIS. Note I. An unexpected burst ofwoes.^F, 6i. Charles II. enjoyed excellent health, and was particularly care- ful to preserve it by constant exercise. His danger, therefore, fell like a thunderbolt on his people, whose hearts were gained by his easy manners and good humour, and who considered, that the worst apprehensions they had ever entertained during his reign, arose from the religion and disposition of his successor. The mingled passions of affection and fear produced a wonderful sen- sation on the nation. The people were so passionately concerned, that North says, and appeals to ail who recollected the time for the truth of his averment, that it was rare to see a person walking the street with dry eyes. Examen, p. 647* Note II. The second causes took the swift command^ The medicinal head, the readjf hand^ All eager to perform their part. — P. 64. If there is safety in the multitude of counsellors, Charles did not find it in the multitude of physicians. Nine were in attendance, all men of eminence ; the presence of the least of whom, Le Sage would have. said, was fully adequate to account for the subse- quent catastrophe. .They were Sir Thomas Millington, Sir Thomas Witherby, Sir Charles Scarborough, Sir Eldmund King, Doctors Berwick, Charlton, Lower, Short, and Le Fevre. They signed a declaratioQ, that the king had died of an apoplexy. Digitized by Google 80 NOTES ON THRENODIA AUGUSTALIS. Note III. Tkejoi/ful short'hved news soon tprcad around. — P. 65. An article was published in the Gazette, on the third day of the king's illness, importing, '* That his physicians now conceived him to be in a state of safety, and that in a few days he would be freed from his indisposition/' * North tells us, however, on the autho* rity of his brother, the Lord Keeper, that the only hope which the physicians afforded to the council, was an assurance, (joyfully communicated,) that the king was ill of a violent fever. The •ouncil seeing liltle consolation in these tidings, one of the medi- cal gentlemen explained, by saying, that they now knew what they had to do, which was to administer the cortex. This was done while life lasted, f although some of the physicians seem to have deemed the prescription improper ; in which case, Charles, after escaping the poniards and pistols of the Jesuits, may be said to have fallen a victim to their bark. Note IV. And he who most performed^ and promised less^ Even Short himself^ forsook the unequal strife, — P. ST. Dr Thomas Short, an eminent physician, who came into the • court practice when Dr Richard Lower, who formerly enjoyed it, embraced the political principles of the Whig party. Shorty a Roman Catholic, and himself a Tory, was particularly accepta- ble to the Tories. To this circumstance he probably owes the compliment paid him by our author, and another from Lord Mul- grave to the same purpose. Otway reckons, among his selected friends, Short, beyond what numbers can commend. % Duke has also inscribed to him his translation of the eleventk Idyllium of Theocritus ; beginning, O Short ! no herb nor salve was ever found. To ease a lover's beat, or heal his woond. Dr Short, as one of the king's physicians, attended the death- bed of Charles, and subscribed the attestation, that he died of an apoplexy. Yet there has been ascribed to him an expression of dubious import, which caused much disquisition at the time; • Ralpe* Vol. I. p. 834. t Life of Lord Keeper Guilford, p. f53. % EptiUe to Kr Dake,. Digitized by Google NOTES ON THRENODIA AUGU8TALIS. 81 Bamely, that ^* the king had not fair play for his life." Burnet says plainly, that '* Short suspected poison, and talked more free- ly of it than any Protestant durst ventnre to do at the time/' He adds, that ** Short himself was taken suddenly ill, upon taking a large draught of wormwood wine, in the house of a Popish patient near the Tower; and while on his death-bed, he told Lower, and Millington, and other physicians, that he believed he himself was poisoned, for having spoken too freely of the king's death." f Mul- grave states the same report in these words, which, coming from a professed Toiy, are entitled to the greater credit : ^M am obliged to observe, that the most knowing and most deserving of all his physicians did not only believe him poisoned, but thought him- self so too, not long after, for having declared his opinion a little too boldly." t North, in confutation of this report, has inter- preted Short's expression, as meaning nothing more than that the king's ma'ady was mistaken by his physicians, who, by their im- proper prescriptions, deprived nature of fair play ; || and he ap- peals to all the eminent physicians who attended Dr Short in his last illness, whether he did not fall a victim to his own bold me- thod, in using the cortex. Upon the whole, whatever opinion this individual physician may have adopted through mistake, or affecta- tion of singularity, and whatever credit faction, or indeed popular prejudice in general, may have given to such rumours at the time, there appears no solid reason to believe that Charles died of poison. Both Burnet and Mulgrave say, that they never heard a hint that his brother was accessary to such a crime ; and it is very un- likely that any zealous Catholic should have had either opportuni- ty, or inclination, to hasten the reign of a prince of that religion, by the unsolicited service of poisoning his brother. The other physicians, several of whom. Lower, for example, were Whigs, as well as Protestants, gave no countenance to this rumour, which was circulated by a Catholic. And, as the symptoms of the king's disorder are decidedly apoplectic, the report may be added to those with which history abounds, and which are raised and believed only because an extraordinary end is thought most fit for the eminent and powerful. Short, as we have incidentally noticed, survived his royal pa- tient but a few months. He was succeeded in his practice by Rat- cliffe, the famous Tory physician of Queen Anne's reign. t Bnmet't History of hit own Times. End of Book IIL t Cbmracter of Cbarles IL^ Sheffield Duke of Backioghani'i Work^ Vol. n. p. 65. I One Dr Stokehjim is said to have alleged, that the king's fit was epilepN lie* not apoplectic^ and that bleeding was ex diametro wrong. VOL. X. F Digitized by Google 82 KOTES ON THRENODIA AUGUSTALIS. NoteV. - jiU that on earth he held mast dear^ He recommended to his care^ To whom both heaven The right had given. And his oxvn l&oe bequeathed supreme command, — P. 68. The historical accounts of the dying requests of Charles are contradictory and obscure. It seems certain, that he earnestly re- commended his favourite mistreats, the Duchess of Portsmouth, to the protection of his successor. He had always, he said, loved her, and he now loved her at the last. The Bishop of Bath pre- sented to him his natural son, the Duke oi Richmond ; whom he blessed, and recommended, with his other children, to his succes- •or's protection ; adding, ** Do not let poor N«'lly • starve." He seems to have said nothing of the Duke of Monmouth, once so much beloved, and whom, shortly before, he entertained thoughts of recalling from banishment, and replacing in fevour ; perhaps he thought, any recommendation to James of a rival so hated would be ineffectual. Burnet says, he spoke not a word of the queen. Echard, on the contrary, affirms, that, at the exhortation of the Bishop of Bath, Charles sent for the queen, and asked and receiv- ed her pardon for the injuries he had done her bed. f In Foun* tainhairs Manuscript, the queen is said to have sent a message, re- questing his pardon if she had ever offended him : ** Alas, poor lady !" replied the dying monarch, *^ she never ofiended me ; I have too often injured her/'t This account seems more proba- ble than that of Echard ; for so public a circumstance, as a per- sonal visit from the queen to her husband's death-bed, could hard- ly have been disputed by contemporaries. Note VI. The officious muses came along, A gay harmonious quire, like angels ever young ; The muse, that mourns him now, his happy triumph sung. — P. 73. In Dryden's Life, we had occasion to remark the effect of the Restoration upon literature. It was not certainly its least impor- • Nell Gwyn. t Echard's Hittoiy, p. 1046. t Dalrympie't Memoirt, 8vo. vol. i. p. 66, Digitized by Google trOTES ON THRENODIA AUOUSTALI8. 83 timt benefit, that it opened our poet^s own way to distinction ; which b thus celebrated by Baber : I t ill bleit years brought Cssar home again, Dryden to parpoae ncTer drew his pen. He, happy favourite of the tuneful nine 1 Came with an early offering to your shrine ; Embalmed in deathless yerse the monarch's fame ; Verse, which shall keep it fresh in youthful primej When Rostal*s sacred gift must yield to time. Note VII. Faith is a Christian's and a subjecfs test. — P. Vs. Jamesy as well as his poet, was not slack in intimating to his subjects, that he expected them to possess a proper portion of this saving virtue. And, that they might not want an opportunity of exercising it, he was pleased, by his own royal proclamation, to continue the payment of the duties of the custom-house, which had been granted by parliament only during his brother's life^ Digitized by Google Digitized by Google TH£ HIND AND THE PANTHER, A POEM, IN THR££ PAETS. "Antiquam exqtdrite Et vera incutu patmt Dea. VlRG. Digitized by Google Digitized by Google THK HIND AND THE PANTHER. In the life of Dryden, there is an attempt to trace the progrcsis and changes of those religious opiiiioxis, hy which he was unibr- tunately conducted into the errors of Popery. With all the seal of a new convert, he seems to have heen impatient to invite others to follow his example, hy detailing, in poetry, the arguments which had appeared to him unanswerable. ** The Hind and the Panther" is the offspring of that rage for proselytism, which is a pe- culiar attribute of his new mother church. The author is anxious, in the preface, to represent this poem as a task which he had vo- luntarily undertaken, without receiving even the subject from any one. His assertion seems worthy of full credit; for, although it was the most earnest desire of James II. to employ every possible mode for the conversion of his subjects, there is room to believe, that, if the poem had been written under his direction, the tone adopted by Dryden towards the sectaries would have been much more mild. It is a well-known point of history, that, in order to procure as many friends as possible to the repeal of the test ac^ and penal laws against the Catholics, James extended indul- gence to the puritans and sectarian non-conformists, the ancient enemies of his person, his family, and monarchical establishments in general. Dryden obviously was not in this court secret; the purpose of which was to unite those congregations, whom he has described under the parable of bloody bears, boars, wolves, foxes, &c. in a common interest with the Hind, against the exclusive pri- vileges of the Panther and her subjects. His work was written with the precisely opposite intention of recommending an union between the Catholics and the church of England ; at least, of penoading the latter to throw down the barriers^ by which the for- Digitized by VjOOQ IC 88 TH£ HIND AND THE PANTHER. roer were kept out of state employments. Such an union had at one time been deemed practicable; and, in l685, pamphlets had been published, seriously exhorting the church of England to a league with the Catholics, in ord^r to rout out the sectaries as common enemies to both. The steady adherence of the church of England to Protestant principles, rendered all hopes of such an union abortive ; and, while Dryden was composing his poem upon this deserted plan, James was taking different steps to accomplish the main purpose both of the poet and monarch* The power of the crown to dispense, at pleasure, with the esta- blished laws of the kingdom, had been often asserted, and some* times exercised, by former English monarchs. A king was entit- led, the favourers of prerogative argued, to pardon the breach of a statute, when committed ; why not, therefore, to suspend its ef- fect by a dispensation a priori^ or by a general suspension of the law ? which was only doing in general, what he was confessedly empowered to do in particular cases. But a doctrine so pernici- ous to liberty was never allowed to take root in the constitution ; and the confounding the prerogative of extending mercy to indivi- dual criminals, with that of annulling the laws under which they had been condemned, was a fallacy easily detected and refuted. Charles II. twice attempted to assert bis supposed privilege of suspending the penal laws, by granting a general toleration ; and he had, in both cases, been obliged to retract, by the remonstrances of Parliament.**^ But his successor, who conceived that his power was situated on a more firm basis, and who was naturally obsti- nate in his resolutions, was not swayed by this recollection. He took every opportunity to exercise the power of dispensing with the laws, requiring Catholics to take the test agreeable to act of Parliament. He asserted his right to do so in his speech to the Parliament, on 9th November, 1685; he despised the remon- strances of both Houses, upon so flagrant and open a violation of the law ; and he endeavoured, by a packed bench, and a feigned action at law, to extort a judicial ratification of his dispensing power. At length, not contented with granting dispensations to individuals, the king resolved at once to suspend the operation of all penal statutes, which required conformity with the church of England, as well as of the test act. On the 4th of April, 1 6879 came forth the memorable Declara- tion of Indulgence, in favour of all uon- conformists of whatever persuasion ; by which they were not only protected in the full exercise of their various forms of religion, but might, without con- • In the years 1662 and 1674. See Vol. IX. p. 448. Digitized by Google THE HIND AND THE PANTHER. 8p totmtys be admitted to all offices in the state. With what conse- quences this act of absolute power was attended, the history of the Revolution makes us fully acquainted ; for it is surely unne^ cessary to add, that the indulgence occasioned the petition and trial of the bishops, the most important incident in that momentous period. About a fortnight after the publishing of this declaration of in- dulgence, our audior's poem made its appearance ; being licensed on the 1 1th April, l687» and published a few days after. If it was undertaken without the knowledge of the court, it was calculated, on its appearance, to secure the royal countenance and approba- tion. Accordingly, as soon as it was published in England, a se- cond edition was Uirown oif at a printing office in Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh, then maintained for the express purpose of disseminating such treatises as were best calculated to serve the Catholic cause.* If the Protestant dissenters ever cast their eyes upon profane poe- try, " The Hind and the Panther" must have appeared to them a perilous commentary on the king's declaration; since it shows clearly, that the Catholic interest alone was what the Catholic king and poet had at heart, and that, however the former might now find himself obliged to court their favour, to strengthen his party against the established church, the deep remembrance of an- cient feuds and injuries was still cherished, and the desire of ven- geance on the fanatics neither sated nor subdued. In composing this poem, it may be naturally presumed, that Dryden exerted his full powers. He was to justify, in the eyes of the world, a step which is always suspicious ; and, by placing be- ^ fore the public the arguments by which iie had been induced to change his religion, he was at once to exculpate himself, and in- duce others to follow his example. He chose, for the mode of con- veying this instruction, that paraboiicaljform of writing, which took its rise per)iaps in the East, or ratEer which, in a greater or less degree, is common to all nations. An old author observes, that there is '* no species of four-footed beasts, of birds, of fish, of insects, reptiles, or any other living things, whose nature is not found in man. How exactly agreeable to the fox arc some men^s tempers ; whilst others are profest bears in human shape. Here you shall meet a crocodile, who seeks, with feigned tears, to entrap you to your ruin ; there a serpent creeps, and winds himself into your affections, till, on a sudden, when warmed with favours, he * Oar anthor was not the only poet who hailed this dawn of toleration"; for there is in LuttretPs Collection, " A Congratulatory Poem, dedicated to hit Majesty, on the late gracioas Declaration (9th Jane, 1687) ; by a Persun q{ Quality." Digitized by Google 90 THE HIND AND THE PANTHER. will bite and sting you to death. Tigers, lions, leopards, pantfaenr^ wolves, and all the monstrous generations of Africa, may be seea masquerading in the forms of men ; and 'tis not hard tor an ob- •erviag mind to see their natural complexions through the bor* rowed visard." * Dryden conceived the idea, of extending to reli* ;. gious communities the supposed resemblance between man and the lower animals. Under the name of a " milk*white Hind, im- mortal and unchanged,'' he described the unity, simplicity, and in- nocence of the church, to which he had become a convert ; and un- der that of a Panther, fierce and inexorable towards those of a dif- ferent persuasion, he bodied forth the church of England, obstinato in defendmg its pale from encroachment, by the penal statutes and the test act. f There wanted not critics to tell him, that be had mistaken the character of either communion. I The inferior secta • Tarkish Spy, Vol. Tiii. p. 19. t Perhaps the poet recollected the attributes aicribcd to the panther by one •f the fatliers : " Panthers, ut DivuM Baiiiiut ait, ctim immani sint ac crud<li •dio inhominei a natura incense, in hominum iimuiacra j'uribtindcs irruunt, nee aliter liominum effigiem, qu<im homines tpios dt/ac<rant.'*— Granatevs Con- ««». de Tempore, Tom. i. p. 492. t '* Only by the way, before we bring D. against D. to the stake, I would fain know how Mr Bayes, that so well understood the nature of beasts, came to pitch upon the Hind and the Panther, to signify the church of Rome and the church of England ? Doubtless his reply will be, because the hiiid is a creature harmless and innocent; the panther mischievous and inexorable. I<et all this be granted; what is this to the author*s absurdity in the choice of his beasts ? For the scene oi the persecution is Europe, a part of the world which never bred panthers since the creation of the universe. On the oiber tide, grant his allusion passable, and then he stigmatizes the church of Eng- land to be the most cruel and most vuracioai creature that ranges all the Ly- bian deserts j— a character, which shows him to have a strange mist before bis eyes when he reads ecclesiastical history. And then, says he. The panther, sure the noblest next the hind. And fairest creature of the spotted kind. Which IS another blunder, eujut contrarium verum est: For if beanty, strength, and courage, advance the value of the several parts of the creation, without question the panther is far to be preferred before the hind, a poor, silly, timorous, ill-shaped, bobtailed creature, of which a score will hardly purchase the skin of a true panther. Had he looked a little farther, Ludol- fihns would have furnished him with a zebra, the most beautiful of all 'the four-fooled creatures in the world, to have coped with his panther for sp«t9, and with his hind lor gentleness and mildness ; of which one was sold singi j to the Turkish governor of Suaquena for 2000 Venetian ducats. There had been a beast for Itim, as pat as a pudding for a friar's mouth. But to couple the hind and the panther was just like sic magna parvis componere; and, therefore, be had better have put his hind m a good pasty, or reserved her for some more proper allusion ; for this, though his nimble beast have four feet, will by no means run quatuor pedibus, though she had a whole kennel of hounds at Jicr hccla-"— rfcc Revolter, a Tragi-comedtf, Digitized by Google THE HIKD AKD THE PAKTHER. 91 are dftCT%ed nader the emblem of various animals, fierce and dis- gosting in prcyportion to their more remote affinity.to the church of Rome. And in a dialogue between the two principal charac- tersy the leading arguments of the controversy between the churches, at least what the poet chose to consider as such, are formally dis- cussed. But Dryden^s plan is far from coming within the limits of a fa- ble or parable, strictly so called ; for it is strongly objected, that the poet has been unable to avoid confounding the real churches themselves with the Hind and the Panther, under which they are lepresented. ^' The hind/' as Johnson observes, ** at one time is afraid to drink at the common brook, because she may be worried ; but, walking home with the panther, talks by the way of the Ni- cene fathers, and at last declares herself to be the Catholic church.'^ And the same critic complains, '' that the king is now Caesar, and now the lion, and that the name Pan is given to the Supreme Be- ing.'^ ** The Hind and Panther transversed, or the City and Coiin- tiy Mouse,'' which was written in ridicule of this poem, turns chiefly upon the incongruity of the emblems adopted by Dryden, and the inconsistencies into which his plan had led him.^ This ri- * The following justification of their plan is taken from the preface, which u believed to have been entirely the composition of Montague. ** The faToorers of ' The Hind and Panther' will be apt to say in its de^ fence, that the best things are capable of being turned to ridicule ; that Ho* mer bas been burlesqued, and Virgil travestied, without suffering any thing in their reputation from that buffoonery ; and that, in like manner, ' The Hind and the Panther* ma^ be an exact poem, though it is the subject of our rail- lery : But there is this difierence, that those authors are wrested from their true sense, and this naturally falls into, ridicule; there is nothing represented here as monstrous and unnatural, which is not equally so in the original.— First, as to the general design ; Is it not as easy to imagine two mice bilking coachmen, and supping at the Devil, as to suppose a hind entertaining the panther at a hermit's cell, discussing the greatest mysteries of religion, and telling you her son Rodriguez writ very good Spanish ? What can be more improbable and contradictory to the rules and examples of all fables, and to the very design and use of them ? They were first begun, and raised to the highest perfection, in the eastern countries, where they wrote in signs, and spoke in parables, and delivered the most useful precepts in delightful sto- ries ; which, for their aptness, were entertaining to the most judicious, and led the vulgar into understanding by surprizing them with their novelty, and ^X" ing their attention. All their fables carry a dooUe meaning ; the story is one and entire ; the characters the same throughout, not broken or changed, and always conformable to the nature of the creatures they introduce. They ne- ver tell you, that the dog, which snapt at a shadow, .lost his troop of horse j that would be unintelligible ; a piece of flesh is proper for him to drop, and the reader will apply it to mankind : They would not say, that the daw, who was so proud of her borrowed plumes, looked very ridiculous, when Rodnguea ( and Cpok away aU the boo¥ but the 17th, 24lh, and S5th chapter^ which Digitized by Google 98 THE HIND AND THE PANT)aEK. dicule, and the criticism on which it is founded, seems, howerer^ to be carried a little too far. If a fable, or parable, is to be en- tirely and exclusively limited to a detail which may suit the corn- she itole from him. But this is his new way of telling a^ftorjr, and confound* iog the moral and the fable together. Before the word was written, said the hind. Our Saviour preached the faith to all mankind. What relation has the hind' to our Saviour? or what notion have we of m panther's bible ? If you say he means the .church, how does the church feed on Iawns» or range in the forest ? Let it be alwaya a chnrch« or always the cloven-footed beast, for we cannot bear his shifting the scene every line. If it is absurd in comedies to make a peasant talk in the strain ef a hero, or a country wench use the language of the court, how monstrous is it to make a priest of a hind, and a parson of a panther ? To bring them in disputing with all the formalities and terms of the school ? Thqugh as to the argumenti themselves, those we confess are suited to the capacity of the beasts ; and if we would suppose a hind expressing herself about these matters, she would talk at that rate." The reader may be curious to tee a specimen of the manner in which these two applauded wits encosntered Dryden's controversial poem, with such emi- nent success, that a contemporary author has said, '* that ' The City and Country Mouse' rained the reputation of the divine, as the ' Rehearsal' ruined the reputation of the poet." * The plan is a dialogue between Bayes, and Smith, and Johnson, his old friends in the " Rehearsal ;" the poet recites to them a new work, in which the Popish and English churches are represented as the city and country mouse, the former spotted, the latter milk-white. The following is a specimen both of the poetry and dialogue t " Bayes. [ReadsJ] With these allurements. Spotted did invite. From hermit's cell, the female proselyte. Ob, with what ease we follow such a guide. Where souls are starved, and senses gratified ! ** Now, would not you think she's going ? but, egad, you're mistaken } yon shall hear a long argument about infallibility before she stir yet: But here the White, by observation wise. Who long on heaven had fixed her prying eyes. With thoughtful countenance, and grave remark. Said, " Or my judgment fails me, or 'tis dark ; Lest, therefore, we should stray, and not go right. Through the brown horror of the starless night. Hast thou Infallibility, that wight?*' Sternly the savage grinned, and thus replied, " That mice may err, was never yet denied." " That I deny," said the immortal dame, '* There is a guide,<^7ad, I've forgot his name,-« * Preface to the Second Part of " The ReUsons of Mr Bayes changing Uf Religion." ^ Digitized by Google [[ ■■ M i ML j^ r ja^LS- ' ^: j r ^ » THE HIND AND THE PANTHER. 93 mon actions and properties of the animals^ o^ things introduced in ity we strike out from the class some which have always been held the most beautiful examples of that style of fiction. It is surely as Who liyes in HeaTen or Rome, the Lord knows where ; Had we hnt him, iweet-heart, we conld not err.*— Bat hark ye, sister, this is but a whim, ^ For still we want a guide to find out him.'' ** Here, yon see, I don't trouble myself to keep on the narration, hot writa White speaks, or Dapple speak>, by the^ side. Bot when I get any noble thought, which I enyy a mouse should say, I clap it down in my own person^ with a p9eta loquitur ; which, take notice, is a surer sign of a fine thing in my writings, than a hand in the margent anywhere else.— Well now, says White, What need we find him ? we hare certain proof That he is somewhere, dame, and that's enough; For if there is a guide that knows the way. Although we know not him> we cannot stray. ^ That* s true, egad : Well said, Whitc^Vou see her adversary has no- thmg to say for herself; and, therefi>re, to oonfirm the victory, she shall make a simile. Smith, Why, then, I find similes are aa good after yictory, as after a suf- piise. Bayti. "Every jot, egad ; or rather better. Wrll, she can do it two ways ; either about emission or reception of light, or else about Epsom waters : But I think tha last i» most fiuniliar ; therefore speak, my pretty one. IReadtJ} As though 'tis controverted in the school. If waters pass by urine, or by stool ; Shall we, who are philosophers, thence gather, FVom this dissention, that they work by neither ? " And, egad, she's in the right on't ; but, mind now, she cemes upon her icoop. [fieoift.] All this I did, your arguments to try. *f And, egad, if they had been never so good, this neit line confutes 'em. [Beads.] Hear, and be dumb, thou wretch I that guide am L " There's a surprise for you now !^How sneakinsly f other looks?— Was not that pretty now, to make her ask for a' guide £st, and tell her she was one ? Who could have thought that tiiis little mouse had the Pope, and a whole general council, in her belly ?— Now Dapple had nothmg to say to iSbi» ; and, therefore, you'll see she grows peevish. [Reads.] Come leave your cracking tricks ; and, as they say, -^ Use not that barl>er that trims time, delay ;-«» # Which, egad, is new, and mv own.— r I've eyes ai well as yon to find the way .*'•• ^ Digitized by Google 94 THE HIND AND THE PANTHEIU ea$y to conceive a Hind and Panther discussing points of i^IigioB, as that the trees of the forest should assemble together to chuse a king, invite different trees to accept of that dignity^ and» fiaalty, make choice of a bramble. Yet no one ever hesitates to pronounce Jotham's Parable of the Trees one of the finest which ever was Then on they jogged ; and« since an'hoor of talk Might cut a banter on the tedious walk, " Asl remember," said the sober Mouse, " Tve heard much talk of the Wit's Coffee-house." " Thither/* aays Brindle, " thou ahalt go, and sec Priests sipping coffee, sparks and poets tea; Here, rugged frieze ; there, quality well drest ; These, ba^ng the Grand Seigneur ; those, the Test j And here shrewd guesses made, and reasons giveo, I'bat human laws were nercr made in heaven. But, above all, what shall oblige thy sight^ And fill thy eye-balls with a vast delight. Is the poetic Judge of sacred wit, * Who does i'the darkness sf glor^ sit. And as the moon, who first receives the light With which she makes these nether regions bright So does he shine, reflecting from afar The rays he borrowed from a better star ; For rules, which from Comeille and Rapin flow> . Admired by all the scribbling herd below. From French tradition while he does dispense, "^ Unerring truths, 'tis schism,— hi damned offence,*^ 5* To question his, or trust your private sense. J ** Ha ! is not that right, Mr Johnson ?— <jad forgive me, he is fast asleep ! Oh the damned stupidity of this age ! Asleep I— 'Well, lir, since you*re so drowsy, your humble servant. John, Nay, pray, Mr Bayes I Faith, I heard you all the while.— The white mouse— Bayet, The white mouse ! Ay, ay, I thought how you heard me. Yosr ser- vant, sir, your servant. John, Nay, dear Bayes : Faith, I beg thy pardon, I was up late last night. Prithee, lend me a little snuff, and go on. Bayes. Go on ! Pnx, I don't know where I was.— Well, I'll begin. Here, mind, now they are botk come to town. iReads,'] But now at Piccadilly they arrive. And, taking coach, t* wards Temple-Bar they drive ; But, at St Qement's church, eat out the back, And, slipping through the palsgravCj bilked poor hack. '* There's the vfite. which ought to be in all poetry. Many a young Tem« plar will 69ve lii»<afaiUing by this stratagem of my mice. Smith. Why, will any young Tepiplar eat out the back of a coach ? Baves, No, egad I But you'll grant, it is mighty natural for a mouse. "*«>Hijul tnd Panther Tramversed. Such wi)s the wit> which, bolstered up by the applause of partyi was deemed an unanswerable ridicule of Dryden's favourite poem. * k e. Diyd^n kimte^. Digitized by Google THE HIND AND THE PANTHER. 95 written. Or what shall we say of one of the most common among iEsop's apologues, which informs us in the outset, that die lion, ^e ox, the sheep, and the ass, went a hunting together, on condi- tion of dividing equally whatever should be caught ? Yet this and many other fables, in which the animals introduced act altogether contrary to their nature, are permitted to rank without censure in the class which they assume. Nay, it may be questioned whetlier the most proper fables are not those in which the animals are in- troduced as acting upon the principles of mankind. For instance, if an author he compared to a daw, it is no fable, but a simile; but if a tale be told of a daw who dressed himself in borrowed feathers, a thing naturally impossible, the sihaile becomes a proper iable. Periiaps, therefore, it is sufficient for the febulist, if he can point out certain original and leading features of resem- blance betwixt his emblems, aad that which they are intended to represent, and he may be permitted to take considerable latitude in their farther approximation. It may be farther urged in Dry- den's behalf, that the older poets whom he professed to imitate, Spenser, for example, in "Mother Hubbart's Tale," which he has actually quoted, and Chaucer, in that of the " Nun's Priest's tale" have stepped beyond the simplicity of the ancient fable, and intro- duced a species of mixed composition, between that and downright aatiie. The names and characters of beasts are only assumed in ** Mother Hubbart's Tale," that the satirist might, under that slight cloak, say with safety what he durst not otherwise have ven- tured upon ; and in the tale of Chaucer, the learned dialogue about dreams^'is only put into the mouths of a cock and hen, to render the ridicule of such disquisitions more poignant. Had Spenser been asked, why he described the court of the lion as exactly si- milar to that of a human prince, and introduced the fox as com- posing madrigals for the courtiers? he would have bidden the querist. -Yield his sense was all too blant and base^ That n'ote without a hound fine footing trace. And if the question had been put to the bard of Woodstock, why, he made his cock an astrologer, and his hen a physician, he would have answered, that his satire might become more ludicrous, by putting these grave speeches into the mouths of such animals. Dryden seems to have proposed as his model this looser kind of pa- rable ; giving his personages, indeed, the names of the Hind and Panther, but reserving to himself the privilege of making the sup- posed animals use the language and arguments of the communities they were intended to represent. I must own, however, that this licence appears less pardonable in the First Part, where he professes to use the majestic turn of heroic poetry, than in those which are dedicated to argument and satire* Digitized by Google S6 THE HIND AKD THE PANTHER. Dryden has, in this very poem, given us two examples of the more pure and correct species of fable. These, which he terms in the preface Episodes, are the tale of the Swallows seduced to defer their emigration, and that of the Pigeons, who chose a Buz- lard tor their king. * It is remarkable, that, as the former is by much the most complete story, so, although put in the mouth of a representative of the heretical church, it proved eventually to contain a truth sorrowful to our author, and those of the Roman Catholic persuasion : For, while the Buzzard's elevation (Bishop Burnet by name) was not attended with any peculiar evil conse- jquences to the church of England, the short gleam of Popish pros- perity was soo» overcast, and the priests and their proselytes plun- ged in reality into all the distress of the swallows in the Panthei^s lable.
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church of the Holy Trinity, which is Shakespeare's grave ; so that these two buildings are the conspicuous points of the landscape, and seem to confront each other with sympathetic greeting, as if conscious of their sacred trust. The vacant land adjacent, extending between the road and the river, is a part of the Memo- rial estate, and is to be converted into a garden, with pathways, shade-trees, and flowers, — by means of which the prospect will be made still fairer than now it is, and will be kept forever unbroken between the Memorial and the Church. Under this ample roof are already united a theatre, a library, and a hall of pictures. The drop-curtain, illustrating the processional progress of Queen Elizabeth when " going to the Globe Theatre," is gay but incorrect. The divisions of seats are in con- formity with the inconvenient arrangements of the London theatre of to-day. Queen Elizabeth heard plays in the hall of the Middle Temple, the hall of Hampton Palace, and at Greenwich and at Richmond ; but she never went to the Globe Theatre. In historic temples there should be no trifling with historic themes ; and surely, in a theatre of the nineteenth century, dedi- cated to Shakespeare, while no fantastic regard should be paid to the usages of the past, it would be tasteful and proper to blend the best of ancient ways with all the luxury and elegance of these times. It is much, however, to have built what can readily be made a lovely theatre ; and meanwhile, through the affectionate generosity of friends in all parts of the world, the library shelves are continually gathering treasures, and the hall of paintings is growing more and more the imposing expository that it was intended to be, of Shakespearean XXI THE SHRINES OF WARWICKSHIRE 241 poetry and the history of the English stage. Many faces of actors appear upon those walls — from Garrick to Edmund Kean, from Macready to Henry Irving, from Kemble to Edwin Booth, from Mrs. Siddons to Ellen Terry, Ada Rehan, and Mary Anderson. Prom- inent among the pictures is a spirited portrait of Garrick and his wife, playing at cards, wherein the lovely, laugh- ing lady archly discloses that her hands are full of hearts. In previous papers upon this subject I have tried to express the feelings that are excited by personal con- tact with the relics of Shakespeare — the objects that he saw and the fields through which he wandered. Fancy would never tire of lingering in this delicious region of flowers and of dreams. From the hideous vileness of the social condition of London in the time of James the First, Shakespeare must indeed have re- joiced to depart into this blooming garden of rustic tranquillity. Here also he could find the surroundings that were needful to sustain him amid the vast and overwhelming labours of his final period. No man, however great his powers, can ever, in this world, escape from the trammels under which nature enjoins and per- mits the exercise of the brain. Ease, in the intellectual life, is always visionary. The higher a man's faculties the higher are his ideals, — toward which, under the operation of a divine law, he must perpetually strive, but to the height of which he will never absolutely attain. So, inevitably, it was with Shakespeare. But, CHAP. XXI THE SHRINES OF WARWICKSHIRE 243 although genius cannot escape from itself and is no more free than the humblest toiler in the vast scheme of creation, it may — and it must — sometimes escape from the world : and this wise poet, of all men else, would surely recognise and strongly grasp the great privilege of solitude amid the sweetest and most sooth- ing adjuncts of natural beauty. That privilege he found in the sparkling and fragrant gardens of War- wick, the woods, fields and waters of the Avon, where he had played as a boy, and where love had laid its first kiss upon his lips and poetry first opened upon his inspired vision the eternal glories of her celestial world. It still abides there, for every gentle soul that can feel its influence — to deepen the glow of noble passion, to soften the sting of grief, and to touch the lips of worship with a fresh sacrament of patience and beauty. THE ANNE HATHAWAY COTTAGE. April, 1893. — A record that all lovers of the Shake- speare shrines have long wished to make can at last be made. The Anne Hathaway Cottage has been bought for the British Nation, and that building will henceforth be one of the Amalgamated Trusts that are guarded by the corporate authorities of Stratford. The other Trusts are the Birthplace, the Museum, and New Place. The Mary Arden Cottage, the home of Shakespeare's mother, is yet to be acquired. CHAPTER XXII A BORROWER OF THE NIGHT 9 k v^^ctJ " / mtisi become a borrower of the night. For a dark hour or twain." — Macbeth. IDNIGHT has just sounded from the tower of St. Martin. It is a peaceful night, faintly lit with stars, and in the region round about Trafalgar Square a dream-like stillness broods over the dark- ened city, now slowly hushing itself to its brief and troubled rest. This is the centre of the heart of modern civilisation, the middle of the greatest city in the world — the vast, seething alembic of a grand future, the stately monument of a deathless past. Here, alone, in my quiet room of this old English inn, let me meditate a while on some of the scenes that are near me — the strange, romantic, sad, grand objects that I have seen, the memorable figures of beauty, genius, and renown that haunt this classic land. How solemn and awful now must be the gloom within the walls of the Abbey ! A walk of only a few minutes 244 Church <if St. Martin. 246 SHAKESPEARE'S ENGLAND chap. would bring me to its gates — the gates of the most renowned mausoleum on earth. No human foot to-night invades its sacred precincts. The dead alone possess it. I see, upon its gray walls, the marble figures, white and spectral, staring through the darkness. I hear the night- wind moaning around its lofty towers and faintly sob- bing in the dim, mysterious spaces beneath its fretted roof. Here and there a ray of starlight, streaming through the sumptuous rose window, falls and lingers, in ruby or emerald gleam, on tomb, or pillar, or dusky pavement. Rustling noises, vague and fearful, float from those dim chapels where the great kings lie in state, with marble efhgies recumbent above their bones. At such an hour as this, in such a place, do the dead come out of their graves .' The resolute, implacable Queen Elizabeth, the beautiful, ill-fated Queen of Scots, the royal boys that perished in the Tower, Charles the Merry and William the Silent — are these, and such as these, among the phantoms that fill the haunted aisles .■' What a wonderful company it would be, for human eyes to behold ! And with what passionate love or hatred, what amazement, or what haughty scorn, its members would look upon each other's faces, in this miraculous meeting.-' Here, through the glimmering, icy waste, would pass before the watcher the august shades of the poets of five hundred years. Now would glide the ghosts of Chaucer, Spenser, Jonson, Beau- mont, Dryden, Cowley, Congreve, Addison, Prior, Camp- bell, Garrick, Burke, Sheridan, Newton, and Macaulay — children of divine genius, that here mingled with the earth. The grim Edward, who so long ravaged Scot- land; the blunt, chivalrous Henry, who conquered XXII A BORROWER OF THE NIGHT 247 France ; the lovely, lamentable victim at Pomfret, and the harsh, haughty, astute victor at Bosworth; James with his babbling tongue, and William with his impas- sive, predominant visage — they would all mingle with the spectral multitude and vanish into the gloom. Gentler faces, too, might here once more reveal their loveliness and their grief — Eleanor de Bohun, broken- hearted for her murdered lord ; Elizabeth Claypole, the meek, merciful, beloved daughter of Cromwell ; Matilda, Queen to Henry the First, and model of every grace and virtue ; and sweet Anne Neville, destroyed — if his enemies told the truth — by the politic craft of Gloster. Strange sights, truly, in the lonesome Abbey to-night ! In the sombre crypt beneath St. Paul's cathedral how thrilling now must be the heavy stillness ! No sound can enter there. No breeze from the upper world can stir the dust upon those massive sepulchres. Even in day-time that shadowy vista, with its groined arches and the black tombs of Wellington and Nelson and the ponderous funeral-car of the Iron Duke, is seen with a shudder. How strangely, how fearfully the mind would be impressed, of him who should wander there to-night ! What sublime reflections would be his, standing beside the ashes of the great admiral, and thinking of that fiery, dauntless spirit — so simple, resolute, and true — who made the earth and the sea alike resound with the splendid tumult of his deeds. Somewhere beneath this pavement is the dust of Sir Philip Sidney — buried here before the destruction of the old cathedral, in the great fire of 1666 — and here, too, is the nameless grave of the mighty Duke of Lancaster, John of Gaunt. Shakespeare was only twenty-two years old when Sidney 248 SHAKESPEARE'S ENGLAND chap, xxii fell, at the battle of Zutphen, and, being then resident in London, he might readily have seen, and doubtless did see, the splendid funeral procession with which the body of that heroic gentleman — radiant and immortal example of perfect chivalry — was borne to the tomb. Hither came Henry of Hereford — returning from exile and deposing the handsome, visionary, useless Richard — to mourn over the relics of his father, dead of sorrow for his son's absence and his country's shame. Here, at the venerable age of ninety-one, the glorious brain of Wren found rest at last, beneath the stupendous temple that himself had reared. The watcher in the crypt to- night would see, perchance, or fancy that he saw, those figures from the storied past. Beneath this roof — the soul and the perfect symbol of sublimity ! — are ranged more than fourscore monuments to heroic martial per- sons who have died for England, by land or sea. Here, too, are gathered in everlasting repose the honoured relics of men who were famous in the arts of peace. Reynolds and Opie, Lawrence and West, Landseer, Turner, Cruikshank, and many more, sleep under the sculptured pavement where now the pilgrim walks. For fifteen centuries a Christian church has stood upon this spot, and through it has poured, with organ strains and glancing lights, an endless procession of prelates and statesmen, of poets and warriors and kings. Surely this is hallowed and haunted ground ! Surely to him the spirits of the mighty dead would be very near, who — alone, in the darkness — should stand to-night within those sacred walls, and hear, beneath that awful dome, the mellow thunder of the bells of God. How looks, to-night, the interior of the chapel of the ^5 lit ' 250 SHAKESPEARE'S ENGLAND chap. Foundling hospital ? Dark and lonesome, no doubt, with its heavy galleries and sombre pews, and the great organ — Handel's gift — standing there, mute and grim, between the ascending tiers of empty seats. But never, in my remembrance, will it cease to present a picture more impressive and touching than words can say. Scores of white-robed children, rescued from shame and penury by this noble benevolence, were ranged around that organ when I saw it, and, with artless, frail little voices, singing a hymn of praise and worship. Well- nigh one hundred and fifty years have passed since this grand institution of charity — the sacred work and blessed legacy of Captain Thomas Coram — was estab- lished in this place. What a divine good it has accom- plished, and continues to accomplish, and what a pure glory hallows its founder's name ! Here the poor mother, betrayed and deserted, may take her child and find for it a safe and happy home and a chance in life — nor will she herself be turned adrift without sym- pathy and help. The poet and novelist George Croly was once chaplain of the Foundling hospital, and he preached some noble sermons there; but these were thought to be above the comprehension of his usual audience, and he presently resigned the place. Sidney Smith often spoke in this pulpit, when a young man. It was an aged clergyman who preached there within my hearing, and I remember he consumed the most part of an hour in saying that a good way in which to keep the tongue from speaking evil is to keep the heart kind and pure. Better than any sermon, though, was the spectacle of those poor children, rescued out of their helplessness and reared in comfort and affec- XXII A BORROWER OF THE NIGHT 2S1 tion. Several fine works of art are owned by this hos- pital and shown to visitors — paintings by Gainsborough and Reynolds, and a portrait of Captain Coram, by Ho- garth. May the turf lie lightly on him, and dai- sies and violets deck his hal- lowed grave ! No man ever did a better deed than he, and the darkest night that ever was cannot darken his fame. How dim and silent now are all those narrow and dingy little streets and lanes around Paul's churchyard and the Temple, where Johnson and Goldsmith loved to ramble ! More than once have I wandered there, in the late hours of the night, meeting scarce a human creature, but conscious of a royal company in4eed, of the wits and poets and play- ers of a far-off time. Darkness now, on busy Smith- Middle Temple Lane. 252 SHAKESPEARE'S ENGLAND chap. field, where once the frequent, cruel flames of bigotry shed forth a glare that sickened the light of day. Murky and grim enough to-night is that grand pro- cessional walk in St. Bartholomew's church, where the great gray pillars and splendid Norman arches of the twelfth century are mouldering in neglect and decay. Sweet to fancy and dear in recollection, the old church comes back to me now, with the sound of children's voices and the wail of the organ strangely breaking on its pensive rest. Stillness and peace over arid Bunhill Fields — the last haven of many a Puritan worthy, and hallowed to many a pilgrim as the resting-place of Bunyan and of Watts. In many a park and gloomy square the watcher now would hear only a rustling of leaves or the fretful twitter of half- awakened birds. Around Primrose Hill and out toward Hampstead many a night-walk have I taken, that seemed like rambling in a desert — so dark and still are the walled houses, so perfect is the solitude. In Drury Lane, even at this late hour, there would be some move- ment ; but cold and dense as ever the shadows are rest- ing on that little graveyard behind it, where Lady Dedlock went to die. To walk in Bow Street now, — might it not be to meet the shades of Waller and Wycherley and Betterton, who lived and died there ; to have a greeting from the silver-tongued Barry ; or to see, in draggled lace and ruffles, the stalwart figure and flushed and roystering countenance of Henry Fielding } Very quiet now are those grim stone chambers in the terrible Tower of London, where so many tears have fallen and so many noble hearts been split with sorrow. Does Brackenbury still kneel in the cold, lonely, vacant A BORROWER OF THE NIGHT 253 chapel of St. John ; or the sad ghost of Monmouth hover in the chancel of St. Peter's .'' How sweet to- night would be the rustle of the ivy on the dark wallf of Hadley church, where late I breathed the rose-scented air and heard the warbling thrush, and blessed, with a grateful heart, the loving kindness that makes such beauty in the world ! Out there on the hill- side of Highgate, pop- ulous with death, the starlight gleams on many a ponderous tomb and the white marble of many a sculptured statue, where dear and fa- mous names will lure the traveller's foot- steps for years to come. There Lynd- hurst rests, in honour and peace, and there is hushed the tuneful voice of Dempster — never to be heard any more, either when snows are iiying or "when green leaves come again." Not many days have passed since I stood there, by the humble gravestone of poor Charles Harcourt, that fine actor, and remembered all the gentle enthusiasm with which (1877) he spoke to me of the character of Jaques — which he loved — and how well he repeated the im- mortal lineg upon the drama of human life. For him The Castle Inn. 254 SHAKESPEARE'S ENGLAND chap, xxii the "strange, eventful history" came early and sud- denly to an end. In that ground, too, I saw the sculp- tured medallion of the well-beloved George Honey — "all his frolics o'er" and nothing left but this. Many a golden moment did we have, old friend, and by me thou art not forgotten! The lapse of a few years changes the whole face of life; but nothing can ever take from us our memories of the past. Here, around me, in the still watches of the night, are the faces that will never smile again, and the voices that will speak no more — Sothern, with his silver hair and bright and kindly smile, from the spacious cemetery of Southamp- ton ; and droll Harry Beckett and poor Adelaide Neil- son from dismal Brompton. And if I look from yonder window I shall not see either the lions of Landseer or the homeless and vagrant wretches who sleep around them ; but high in her silver chariot, surrounded with all the pomp and splendour that royal England knows, and marching to her coronation in Westminster Abbey, the beautiful figure of Anne Boleyn, with her dark eyes full of triumph and her torrent of golden hair flashing in the sun. On this spot is written the whole history of a mighty empire. Here are garnered up such loves and hopes, such memories and sorrows, as can never be spoken. Pass, ye shadows ! Let the night wane and the morning break. THE END THE GROSSET & DUNLAP ILLUSTRATED EDITIONS OF FAMOUS BOOKS a a a The following books are large i2mo volumes 53^x8^ inches in size, are printed on laid paper of the highest grade, and bound in cloth, with elaborate decorative covers. They are in every respect beautiful books. UNCLE TOM'S CABIN— By Harriet Beecher Stowe, A new edition, printed from entirely new pUtea, on iine laid paper of extra quality, with half-tone illustrations by Louis Betts. PILGRIM'S PROGRESS— By John Bunyan. A new edition of Bunyan's immortal allegory, printed from new plates on fine laid paper, with illustrations by H. M. Brock. THE WIDE, WIDE WORLD— By Susan Warner, Printed from entirely new plates, on fine laid paper of •uperior quality, and illustrated with numerous drawings by Fred Pegram. THE LITTLE MINISTER (Maude Adams Edition) —By J. M. Barrie. Printed on fine laid paper. Urge i zmo in size, with new cover de- sign in gold, and eight full-page half tone illustrations from the play. PROSE TALES— By Edgar Allan Poe. A large I2mo volume, bound in cloth, with decorative cover. Containing eleven striking drawings by Alice B. Woodward, a biog- raphy of the author, a bibliography of the Tales, and comprehensive notes. The best edition ever published in a single volume. ISHMAEL > By Mrs. E. D. E. N. Southworth. SELF-RAISED j The two rols, in a flat box, or boxed separately. Handsome new editions of these two old favorites, with illustrationi by Clare Angell THE FIRST VIOLIN— By Jessie Fothergill. A fine edition of this popular musical novel, with illustrations by Clare Angell. EACH VOLUME IN A BOX. PRICE ONE DOLLAR EACH GROSSET & DUNLAP :: New York A BEAUTIFUL BOOK LORNA DOONE EXMOOR EDITION. By R. D. BLACKMORE A large izmo volume, about 5^x81^ inches in size, bound in cloth, with decorative cover of floral design, and colored tops. Printed on fine smooth wove paper of excellent quality, and embellished with over two hundred and fifty drawings, initial letters, head and tail pieces, etc., by some of the best American Artists, among whom arc Henry Sandham, George Wharton Edv/ards, W. H. Drake, Harry Fenn, and Wm. Hamilton Gibson. Un- doubtedly the most elaborate and expensively printed edition of this greatest novel of modern times yet offered at a moderate price. Price, Boxed, One Dollar. THE SAME, in three quarter Crushed Morocco, gold tops and silk head bands. Price, Boxed, Two Dollars and Fifty Cents. THE SAME, Two Volume Edition, beautifully bound in crimson cloth, with colored tops, and a fac-simile of John Ridd's coat of arms in ink and gold on the covers. Enclosed in a flat box. Price Two Dollars Per Set. THE SAME, Two Volume Edition, in three-quarter Crushed Morocco, with gold tops and silk head bands. Encased in a flat box. Price FrvE Dollars Pe r Set. Sent post-paid, on receipt of price by the Publishers. GROSSET & DUNLAP 52 Duane Street, New York. The Pleasures of Literature and the Solace of Books COMPILED BY JOSEPH SHALER WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY ANDREW LANG A volume that will appeal to every book lover, pre- senting, as it does, in chaste and elegant style, the thoughts of great men of all ages on books and the read- ing thereof. A particularly dainty and appropriate gift for the reader or student, and one that is sure to be appreciated. Printed on the finest deckle edge paper and bound in the best silk finished cloth, with frontispiece and rubricated title page. Elaborate cover design in gold. Price, $i.oo Mrs. Jerningham's Journal John Jerningham's Journal The re-publication of this exquisite love story in verse is an event that will be heartily welcomed by those who can appreciate beauty of sentiment when presented in an unusual guise. No book is to appropriate for a dainty and inexpensive wedding gift. Two volumes, small i2mo in size, printed on the highest grade deckle edge paper and bound in light green cloth with ivory and green decorations. Encased in a fiat box. Price, $1.50 per set, postpaid. GROSSET & DUNLAP, Publishers 52 Duane Street, New York No Field Collection is Complete Without this Book A LITTLE BOOK oj TRIBUNE VERSE By EUGENE FIELD Compiled and edited by Joseph G. Brown, formerly city editor of the Denver Tribune, and an intimate friend and associate of the poet during the several years in which he was on the staff of that paper. This volume resurrects a literary treasure which has been buried for many years in the forgotten files of a newspaper, and it is, as nearly as it has been possible to make, an absolutely complete collection of the hitherto unpublished poems of the gifted author. These poems are the early product of Field's genius. They breathe the spirit of Western life of twenty years ago. The reckless cowboy, the bucking broncho, the hardy miner, the English tenderfoot, the coquettish belle, and all the foibles and extravagancea of Western social life, are de- picted with a naivete and satire, tempered with sym- pathy and pathos, which no other writer could imitate. The book contains nearly three hundred pages, in- cluding au interesting and valuable introduction by the editor^ and is printed from new type on fine deckle edge paper, and handsomely bound in cloth, with gilt tops. Retail price, 75 cents GROSSET & DUNLAP 52 Duane Street. New York.
| 22,826 |
https://github.com/fahmigandor/wallet_gln/blob/master/node_modules/react-native-keyboard-aware-scroll-view/index.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,018 |
wallet_gln
|
fahmigandor
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 26 | 125 |
/* @flow */
import listenToKeyboardEvents from './lib/KeyboardAwareHOC'
import KeyboardAwareScrollView from './lib/KeyboardAwareScrollView'
import KeyboardAwareListView from './lib/KeyboardAwareListView'
import KeyboardAwareFlatList from './lib/KeyboardAwareFlatList'
export {
listenToKeyboardEvents,
KeyboardAwareListView,
KeyboardAwareFlatList,
KeyboardAwareScrollView
}
| 24,858 |
https://github.com/Ih8Cocoa/SleepRecycled/blob/master/app/src/main/java/com/example/android/trackmysleepquality/sleeptracker/SleepNightAdapter.kt
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| null |
SleepRecycled
|
Ih8Cocoa
|
Kotlin
|
Code
| 304 | 1,105 |
@file:Suppress("unused")
package com.example.android.trackmysleepquality.sleeptracker
import android.annotation.SuppressLint
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.DiffUtil
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.ListAdapter
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
import com.example.android.trackmysleepquality.R
import com.example.android.trackmysleepquality.database.SleepNight
import com.example.android.trackmysleepquality.databinding.ListItemSleepNightBinding
import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
private const val ITEM_VIEW_TYPE_HEADER = 0
private const val ITEM_VIEW_TYPE_ITEM = 1
private typealias RecyclerViewHolder = RecyclerView.ViewHolder
class SleepNightAdapter(
private val clickListener: SleepNightListener
) : ListAdapter<DataItem, RecyclerViewHolder>(
SleepNightDiffCallback()
) {
private class TextViewHolder(view: View): RecyclerViewHolder(view) {
companion object {
fun from(parent: ViewGroup): TextViewHolder {
val layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(parent.context)
val view = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.header, parent, false)
return TextViewHolder(view)
}
}
}
private val adapterScope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default)
fun addHeaderAndSubmitList(list: List<SleepNight>?) {
adapterScope.launch {
val header = listOf(DataItem.Header)
val items = when(list) {
null -> header
else -> header + list.map { DataItem.SleepNightItem(it) }
}
withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
submitList(items)
}
}
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int) = when (viewType) {
ITEM_VIEW_TYPE_HEADER -> TextViewHolder.from(parent)
ITEM_VIEW_TYPE_ITEM -> ViewHolder.from(parent)
else -> throw ClassCastException("Unexpected view type: $viewType")
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: RecyclerViewHolder, position: Int) {
if (holder is ViewHolder) {
val nightItem = getItem(position) as DataItem.SleepNightItem
holder.bind(nightItem.sleepNight, clickListener)
}
}
override fun getItemViewType(position: Int) = when (getItem(position)) {
is DataItem.Header -> ITEM_VIEW_TYPE_HEADER
is DataItem.SleepNightItem -> ITEM_VIEW_TYPE_ITEM
}
}
private class SleepNightDiffCallback : DiffUtil.ItemCallback<DataItem>() {
override fun areItemsTheSame(oldItem: DataItem, newItem: DataItem) =
oldItem.id == newItem.id
@SuppressLint("DiffUtilEquals")
override fun areContentsTheSame(oldItem: DataItem, newItem: DataItem) =
oldItem == newItem
}
private class ViewHolder private constructor(private val binding: ListItemSleepNightBinding)
: RecyclerView.ViewHolder(binding.root) {
companion object {
fun from(parent: ViewGroup): ViewHolder {
val inflater = LayoutInflater.from(parent.context)
val binding = ListItemSleepNightBinding.inflate(
inflater, parent, false
)
return ViewHolder(binding)
}
}
fun bind(item: SleepNight, clickListener: SleepNightListener) {
binding.sleep = item
binding.clickListener = clickListener
binding.executePendingBindings()
}
}
sealed class DataItem {
data class SleepNightItem(val sleepNight: SleepNight) : DataItem() {
override val id = sleepNight.nightId
}
object Header : DataItem() {
override val id = Long.MIN_VALUE
}
abstract val id: Long
}
| 5,583 |
https://github.com/bmetevier/pyshgp/blob/master/pyshgp/push/instructions/__init__.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
pyshgp
|
bmetevier
|
Python
|
Code
| 1 | 12 |
"""pyshgp.push.instructions."""
| 43,671 |
browningstheirli00whituoft_9
|
US-PD-Books
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,203 | 9,681 |
As will be recalled, Landor had been one of the first to recog- nize the genius of Browning when his youthful poem, "Par- acelsus," appeared. Landor had then written to Southey: " God grant that Robert Browning live to be much greater, high as he now stands among most of the living." It was one noon soon after this evening that Landor came to Casa Guidi, desolate and distraught, declaring he had left his villa on the Fiesolean slope never to return, because of his domestic difficulties. The Brownings were about leaving for Siena and Mr. Browning decided to engage an apartment for the venerable poet, when the Story s, who were making mlleggiatura in the strange old medieval city, invited Landor to be their guest. The villa where the Storys were domiciled was near the Brownings, and Landor was much in both households. "He made us a long visit," wrote Mrs. Story, "and was our honored and cherished guest. His courtesy and high breeding never failed him." Landor would often be seen astir in the early dawn, sitting under the olive trees in the garden, writing Latin verses. To Kate Field, who had become a great favorite with the Brownings, Mr. Browning wrote with some bit of verse of Lander's: SIENA, VILLA ALBERTS, July 18. DEAR Miss FIELD: — I have only a minute to say that Mr. Landor wrote these really pretty lines in your honor the other day, — you remember on what circumstances they turn. I know somebody who is ready to versify to double the extent at the same cost to you, and do his best, too, and you also know. Yours Affectionately Ever, R. B. The servant waits for this and stops the expansion of soul! P. S. ... What do you mean by pretending that we are not the obliged, the grateful people? Your stay had made us 184 THE BROWNINGS so happy, come and make us happy again, says (or would say were she not asleep) my wife, and yours also, — R. B. Of Landor, while they were in Siena, Mrs. Browning wrote to a friend that Robert always said he owed more to him than any other contemporary, and that Lander's genius insured him the gratitude of all artists. In these idyllic days Mr. Story's young daughter, Edith, (now the Marchesa Peruzzi di Medici, of Florence,) had a birthday, which the poetic group all united to celebrate. In honor of the occa- sion Landor not only wrote a Latin poem for the charming girl, but he appeared in a wonderful flowered waistcoat, one that dated back to the days of Lady Blessington, to the amusement of all the group. From Isa Blagden, who remained in her villa on Bellosguardo, came almost daily letters to Mrs. Browning, who constantly gained strength in the life-giving air of Siena, where they looked afar over a panorama of purple hills, with scarlet sunsets flaming in the west, the wind blowing nearly every day, as now. The Cave of the Winds, as celebrated by Virgil, might well have been located in Siena. Mrs. Browning and Mrs. Story would go back and forth to visit each other, mounted on donkeys, their husbands walking beside, as they had done in the Arcadian days at Bagni di Lucca. Odo Russell passed two days with the Brownings on his way from Rome to London, to their great enjoyment. Landor's health and peace of mind became so far restored that he was able to "write awful Latin alcaics." Penini, happy in his great friends, the Story children, Julian, Waldo, and Edith, and hardly less so with the con- tadini, whom he helped to herd the sheep and drive in the grape-carts, galloped through lanes on his own pony, in- sisted on reading to his contadini from the poems of Dall' Ongaro, and grew apace in happiness and stature. For THEIR LIFE AND ART 185 two hours every day his father taught him music, and the lad already played Beethoven sonatas, and music of difficult execution from German composers. The Brownings and the Storys passed many evenings together, "sitting on the lawn under the ilexes and the cypresses, with tea and talk, until the moon had made the circuit of the quarter of the sky." Mrs. Browning's health grew better, and Story writes to Charles Eliot Norton that "Browning is in good spirits about her, and Pen is well, and as I write," he continues, "I hear him laugh- ing and playing with my boys and Edith on the terrace below." It was late in October before they returned to Florence, and then only for a sojourn of six weeks before going to Rome for the winter. The Siena summer had been a period of unalloyed delight to Mrs. Browning, whose health was much improved, and not the least of the happiness of both had been due to the congenial companionship of the Storys, and to their delicate courtesies, which Mrs. Brown- ing wrote to Mrs. Jameson that she could never forget. Browning wrote to Mrs. Story saying to her that she surely did not need to be told how entirely they owed "the de- lightful summer" to her own and Mr. Story's kindness. "Ba is hardly so well," he adds, "as when she was let thrive in that dear old villa and the pleasant country it hardly shut out." Mrs. Browning's small book, the "Poems before Con- gress," only eight in all, was published in this early spring of 1860, and met with no cheering reception. She felt this keenly, but said, "If I were ambitious of any thing it would be to be wronged where, for instance, Cavour is wronged." With Mrs. Browning a political question was equally a moral question. Her devotion to Italy, and faith in the regeneration of the country, were vital matters to her. She was deeply touched by the American attitude toward her i86 THE BROWNINGS poem, "A Curse for a Nation," for the Americans, she noted, rendered thanks to the reprover of ill deeds, "under- standing the pure love of the motive." These very " Poems before Congress" brought to her praises, and the offer of high prices as well, and of this nation she said it was generous. A letter from Robert Browning written to Kate Field, who was then in Florence with Miss Blagden, and which has never before been published, is as follows: ROME, VIA DEL TRITONE, 28, March agth, 1860. DEAR Miss FIELD, — Do you really care to have the little photograph? Here it is with all my heart. I wonder I dare be so frank this morning, however, for a note just rec'd from Isa mentions an instance of your acuteness, that strikes me with a certain awe. " Kate," she says, " persists that the ' Curse for a Nation ' is for America, and not England." You persist, do you? No doubt against the combined intelligence of our friends who show such hunger and thirst for a new poem of Ba's — and, when they get it, digest the same as you see. " Write a nation's curse for me," quoth the antislavery so- ciety five years ago, "and send it over the Western sea." " Not so," replied poor little Ba, "for my heart is sore for my own lands' sins, which are thus and thus, — what curse as- sign to another land when heavy for the sins of mine? " " Write it for that very reason," rejoined Ba's cheerer, " because thou hast strength to see and hate a foul thing done within thy gate," and so, after a little more dallying, she wrote and sent over the Western seas what all may read, but it appears only Kate Field, out of all Florence, can understand. It seems incredible. How did you find out, beside, the meaning of all these puzzling pas- sages which I quote in the exact words of the poem? In short, you are not only the delightful Kate Field which I always knew you to be, but the sole understander of Ba in all Florence. I can't get over it. ... Browning, the husband, means to try increasingly and some- what intelligibly to explain to all his intimates at Florence, THEIR LIFE AND ART 187 with the sole exception of Kate Field; to whose comprehension he will rather endeavor to rise, than to stoop, henceforth. And so, with true love from Ba to Kate Field, and our united expla- nation to all other friends, that the subject matter of the present letter is by no means the annexation of Savoy and Nice, she will believe me, Hers very faithfully ROBERT BROWNING. To Kate Field Mrs. Browning wrote, the letter undated, but evidently about this time, apparently in reply to some request of Miss Field's to be permitted to write about them for publication: MY DEAR KATE, — I can't put a seal on your lips when I know them to be so brave and true. Take out your license, then, to name me as you please, only remembering, dear, that even kind words are not always best spoken. Here is the per- mission, then, to say nothing about your friends except that they are your friends, which they will always be glad to have said and believed. I had a letter from America to-day, from somebody who, hearing I was in ill health, desired to inform me that he would n't weep for me, were it not for Robert Browning and Penini ! No, don't repeat that. It was kindly meant, and you are better, my dear Kate, and happier, and we are all thanking God for Italy. Love us here a little, and believe that we all love and think of you. Yours ever affectionately, E. B. B. The American appreciation of Mrs. Browning constantly increased, and editors offered her an hundred dollars each for any poem, long or short, that might pass through their publications on its way to final destiny. Theodore Parker had passed that winter in Rome, and Mrs. Browning felt that he was "high and noble." Early in May he left for Florence, where his death occurred before the return of the Brownings. i88 THE BROWNINGS The education of Penini during these months was con- ducted by an old Abbe, who was also the instructor of Mr. Story's only daughter, Edith, and the two often shared their lessons, the lad going to Palazzo Barberini to join Miss Edith in this pursuit of knowledge. Certain tradi- tions of the venerable Abbe have drifted down the years, indicating that his breviary and meditations on ecclesiastical problems did not exclusively occupy his mind, for the pres- ent Marchesa Peruzzi has more than one laughing remi- niscence of this saintly father, who at one time challenged his pupil to hop around the large table on one foot. The hilarity of the festivity was not lessened when the Rev- erendo himself joined in the frolic, his robes flapping around him, as they all contributed to the merriment. The Mar- chesa has many a dainty note written to her by Penini's mother. Once it is as Pen's amanuensis that she serves, praying the loan of a " ' Family Robinson/ by Mayne Reid," to solace the boy in some indisposition. "I doubt the con- nection between Mayne Reid and Robinson," says Mrs. Browning, "but speak as I am bidden." And another note was to tell "Dearest Edith" that Pen's papa wanted him for his music, and that there were lessons, beside; and "thank dear Edith for her goodness," and "another day, with less obstacles." The intercourse between the Brown- ings and the Storys was always so full of mutual compre- hension and perfect sympathy and delicate, lovely recog- nition on both sides, that no life of either the sculptor or the wedded poets could be presented that did not in- clude these constant amenities of familiar, affectionate intercourse. Many English friends of the Brownings came and went that winter, and among others was Lady Annabella Noel, a granddaughter of Lord Byron, and a great admirer of Mr. Browning. A new acquaintance of the Brownings was Lady Marion Alford, a daughter of the Earl of I § H " a i I! THEIR LIFE AND ART 189 Northampton, "very eager about literature, and art, and Robert," laughed Mrs. Browning, and Lady Marion and "Hatty" (Miss Hosmer) were, it seems, mutually captivated. Some of the English artists came to Rome, Burne- Jones and Val Prinsep among them, and they with Browning wandered about the classic byways of the city and drove to see the Coliseum by moonlight. In June the Brownings left Rome, by way of Orvieto and Chiusi. They crossed that dead, mystic Campagna that flows, like a sea, all around Rome — a sea of silence and mystery; with its splendid ruins of the old aqueducts and tombs, its vast stretches of space that were all aglow, in those June days, with scarlet poppies. They stopped one night at Viterbo, the little city made famous since those days by Richard Bagot's tragic novel, "Temptation," and where the convent is interesting from its associations with Vittoria Colonna, who in 1541 made here a retreat for meditation and prayer. In Orvieto they rested for a day and night, and Mrs. Browning was able to go with her husband into the mar- velous cathedral, with its "jeweled and golden facade" and its aerial Gothic construction. Mr. Browning, with his little son, drove over to the wild, curious town of Bagnorgio, which, though near Orvieto, is very little known. But this was the birthplace of Giovanni da Fidenza, the "Seraphic Doctor," who was canonized as St. Buonaven- tura, from the exclamation of San Francesco, who, on awakening from a dream communion with Giovanni da Fidenza, exclaimed, "0 buona ventura!" Dante introduces this saint into the Divina Commedia, as chanting the praises of San Domenico in Paradise: "70 san vita di Bonaventura Du Bagnorgio, che ne grandi uffici, Sempre posposi la sinistra cura." THE BROWNINGS Bagnorgio is, indeed, the heart of poetic legend and sacred story, but it is so inaccessible, perched on its high hill, with deep chasms, evidently the work of earthquakes, separating it from the route of travel, that from a distance it seems impossible that any conveyance save an airship could ever reach the town. By either route, through the Umbrian region, by way of Assisi and Perugia, or by way of Orvieto and Siena, the journey between Rome and Florence is as beautiful as a dream. The Brownings paused for one night's rest at Lake Thrasymene, the scenes of the battlefield of Hannibal and Flaminius, with the town on a height overlooking the lake. "Beautiful scenery, interesting pictures and tombs," said Mrs. Browning of this journey, "but a fatiguing ex- perience." She confessed to not feeling as strong as she had the previous summer, but still they were planning their villeggiatura in Siena, taking the same villa they had occupied the previous season, where Penini should keep tryst with the old Abbe, who was to come with the Storys and with his Latin. They found Landor well and fairly amenable to the new conditions of his life. Domiciled with Isa Blagden was Miss Frances Power Cobbe, who was drawn to Florence that spring largely to meet Theodore Parker, with whom she had long corresponded. Mr. and Mrs. Lewes (George Eliot) were in Florence that spring of 1860, the great nov- elist making her studies for "Romola." They were the guests of the Thomas Adolphus Trollopes. Landor, too, came frequently to take tea with Miss Blagden and Miss Cobbe on their terrace, and discuss art with Browning. Ball' Ongaro and Thomas Adolphus Trollope were frequently among the little coterie. His visits to Casa Guidi and his talks with Mrs. Browning were among the most treasured experiences of Mr. Trollope. "I was conscious, even then," he afterward wrote in his THEIR LIFE AND ART 191 reminiscences of this lovely Florentine life, "of coming away from Casa Guidi a better man, with higher views and aims. The effect was not produced by any talk of the nature of preaching, but simply by the perception and ap- preciation of what Elizabeth Browning was: of the purity of the spiritual atmosphere in which she habitually dwelt." Miss Hosmer came, too, that spring, as the guest of Miss Blagden, and she often walked down the hill to break- fast with her friends in Casa Guidi. Browning, who was fond of an early walk, sometimes went out to meet her, and on one occasion they had an escapade which "Hatty" related afterward with great glee. It was on one of these morning encounters that Miss Hosmer confessed to the poet that the one longing of her soul was to ride behind Caretta, the donkey, and Browning replied that nothing could be easier, as Girolamo, Caretta's owner, was the purveyor of vegetables to Casa Guidi, and that they would appropriate his cart for a turn up Poggia Imperiale. "Di gustibus non" began Browning. "Better let go Latin and hold on to the cart," sagely advised the young sculptor. In the midst of their disasters from the surprising actions of Caretta, they met her owner. "Dio mio," exclaimed Gi- rolamo, " it is Signer Browning. San Antonio ! " Girolamo launched forth into an enumeration of all the diabolical pow- ers possessed by Caretta, and called on all the saints to wit- ness that she was a disgrace to nature. Meantime the poet, the sculptor, the vegetables, and the donkey were largely combined into one hopeless mass, and Browning's narra- tion and re-enactment of the tragedy, after they reached Casa Guidi, threw Mrs. Browning into peals of laughter. Again the Brownings sought their favorite Siena, where Miss Blagden joined them, finding a rude stone villino, of two or three rooms only, the home of some contadini, within fifteen minutes' walk of Mrs. Browning, and taking it to be near her friend. But for the serious illness of Mrs. IQ2 THE BROWNINGS Browning's sister Henrietta (Mrs. Surtees Cook) the sum- mer would have been all balm and sunshine. The Storys were very near, and Mr. Landor had been comfortably housed not far from his friends, who gave the aged scholar the companionship he best loved. Browning took long rides on horseback, exploring all the romantic regions around Siena, such rides that he might almost have ex- claimed with his own hero, the Grand Duke Ferdinand, — "For I ride — what should I do but ride?" Penini, too, galloped through the lanes on his pony, his curls flying in the wind, and read Latin with the old Abbe. The lessons under this genial tutor were again shared with Miss Edith Story, one of whose earliest childish recollec- tions is of sitting on a low hassock, leaning against Mrs. Browning, while Penini sat on the other side, and his mother talked with both the children. Mr. Story's two sons, the future painter and sculptor respectively, were less interested at this time in canvas and clay than they were in their pranks and sports. The Storys and Brownings, Miss Blagden and Landor, all loaned each other their books and newspapers, and discussed the news and literature of the day. The poet was much occupied in modeling, and passed long mornings in Mr. Story's improvised studio, where he copied two busts, the "Young Augustus " and the "Psyche," with notable success. In the October of that year both the Brownings and the Storys returned to Rome, the poets finding a new apart- ment in the Via Felice. Mrs. Browning's sister Henrietta died that autumn, and in her grief she said that one of the first things that did her good was a letter from Mrs. Stowe. She notes her feeling that "how mere a line it is to overstep between the living and the dead." Her spiritual insight never failed her, and of herself she said: "I wish to live just so long, and no longer, than to grow in the spirit." THEIR LIFE AND ART 193 In the days of inevitable sadness after her sister's death, whatever the consolations and reassurances of faith and philosophy, Mrs. Browning wrote to a friend of the tender way in which her husband shielded her, and "for the rest," she said, "I ought to have comfort, for I believe that love, in its most human relations, is an eternal thing." She added: "One must live; and the only way is to look away from one's self into the larger and higher circle of life in which the merely personal grief or joy forgets itself." Penini and his friend, Miss Edith, continued their studies under the old Abbe; his mother heard him read a little German daily, and his father "sees to his music, and the getting up of arithmetic," noted Mrs. Browning. The lad rode on his pony over Monte Pincio, and occasion- ally cantered out on the Campagna with his father. But Mrs. Browning had come to know that her stay on earth was to be very brief, and to her dear Isa she wrote that for the first tune she had pain in looking into her little son's face — "which you will understand," she adds, but to her hus- band she did not speak of this premonition. She urged him to go out into the great world, for Rome was socially re- splendent that winter. Among other notable festivities there was a great ball given by Mrs. Hooker, where princes and cardinals were present, and where the old Roman custom of attending the princes of the church up and down the grand staircase with flaming torches was observed. The beautiful Princess Rospoli was a guest that night, appearing in the tri-color. Commenting on the Civil War that was threatening America, Mrs. Browning said she "believed the unity of the country should be asserted with a strong hand." Val Prinsep, in Rome that winter, was impressed by Mr. Browning into the long walks in which they both delighted, and they traversed Rome on both sides the Tiber. The poet was not writing regularly in those days, though his 194 THE BROWNINGS wife "gently wrangled" with him to give more attention to his art, and held before him the alluring example of the Laureate who shut himself up daily for prescribed work. Browning had "an enormous superfluity of vital energy," which he had to work off in long walks, in modeling, and in conversations. "I wanted his poems done this winter very much," said Mrs. Browning; "and here was a bright room with three windows consecrated to use. . . . There has been little poetry done since last winter." But in later years Browning became one of the most regular of workers, and considered that day lost on which he had not written at least some lines of poetry. At this time the poet was fascinated by his modeling. "Nothing but clay does he care for, poor, lost soul," laughed Mrs. Browning. Her "Hatty" ran in one day with a sketch of a charming design for a fountain for Lady Marion Alford. "The imagination is unfolding its wings in Hatty," said Mrs. Browning. In days when Mrs. Browning felt able to receive visitors, there were many to avail themselves of the privilege. On one day came Lady Juliana Knox, bringing Miss Sewell (Amy Herbert); and M. Carl Grun, a friend of the poet, DalT Ongaro, came with a letter from the latter, who wished to translate into Italian some of the poems of Mrs. Brown- ing. Lady Juliana had that day been presented to the Holy Father, and she related to Mrs. Browning how deeply touched she had been by his adding to the benediction he gave her, "Priez pour le pape." Penini had a choice diversion in that the Duchesse de Grammont, of the French Embassy, gave a "matinte d'enfants" to which he received a card, and went, resplen- dent in a crimson velvet blouse, and was presented to small Italian princes of the Colonna, the Doria, Piom- biono, and others, and played leap-frog with his titled companions. Mrs. Browning reads with eager interest a long speech. THEIR LIFE AND ART 195 of their dear friend, Milsand, which filled seventeen columns of the Moniteur, a copy of which his French friend sent to Browning. The Brownings had planned to join the poet's father and sister in Paris that summer, but a severe attack of illness in which for a few days her life was despaired of made Mrs. Browning fear that she would be unable to take the journey. Characteristically, her only thought was for the others, never for herself, and she writes to Miss Browning how sad she is in the thought of her husband's not seeing his father, and "If it were possible for Robert to go with Pen," she continues, "he should, but he wouldn't go without me." When she had sufficiently recovered to start for Florence, they set out on June 4, resting each night on the way, and reaching Siena four days later, where they lingered. From there Mr. Browning wrote to the Storys that they had traveled through exquisite scenery, and that Ba had borne the journey fairly well. But on arriving in Florence and opening their apartment again in Casa Guidi, it was ap- parent that the poet had decided rightly that there was to be no attempt made to visit Paris. During these closing days of Mrs. Browning's stay on earth, her constant aim was "to keep quiet, and try not to give cause for trouble on my account, to be patient and live on God's daily bread from day to day." "O beauty of holiness, Of self-forgetfulness, of lowliness!" It is difficult to read unmoved her last words written to Miss Sarianna Browning. "Don't fancy, dear," she said, "that this is the fault of my will," and she adds: "Robert always a little exaggerates the difficulties of travel- ing, and there 's no denying that I have less strength than is usual to me. . . . What does vex me is that the dearest nonno 196 THE BROWNINGS should not see his Peni this year, and that you, dear, should be disappointed, on my account again. That 's hard on us all. We came home into a cloud here. I can scarcely command voice or hand to name Cavour. That great soul, which meditated and made Italy, has gone to the diviner country. If tears or blood could have saved him to us, he should have had mine. I feel yet as if I could scarcely comprehend the greatness of the vacancy." For a week previous to her transition to that diviner world in which she always dwelt, even on earth, she was unable to leave her couch; but she smilingly assured them each day that she was better, and in the last afternoon she received a visit from her beloved Isa, to whom she spoke with somewhat of her old fire of generous enthusiasm of the new Premier, who was devoted to the ideals of Cavour, and in whose influence she saw renewed hope for Italy. The Storys were then at Leghorn, having left Rome soon after the departure of the Brownings, and they were hesi- tating between Switzerland for the summer, or going again to Siena, where they and the Brownings might be together. The poet had been intending to meet the Storys at Leghorn that night, but he felt that he could not leave his wife, though with no prescience of the impending change. She was weak, but they talked over their summer plans, de- cided they would soon go to Siena, and agreed that they would give up Casa Guidi that year, and take a villa in Florence, instead. They were endeavoring to secure an apartment in Palazzo Barberini for the winter, the Storys being most anxious that they should be thus near together, and Mrs. Browning discussed with him the furnishing of the rooms in case they decided upon the Palazzo. Only that morning Mr. Lytton had called, and while Mrs. Browning did not see him, her husband talked with him nearly all the morning. Late in the evening she seemed a little wandering, but soon she slept, waking again about THEIR LIFE AND ART 197 four, when they talked together, and she seemed to almost pass into a state of ecstasy, expressing to him in the most ardent and tender words her love and her happiness. The glow of the luminous Florentine dawn brightened in the room, and with the words "It is beautiful!" she passed into that realm of life and light and loveliness in which she had always seemed to dwell. "And half we deemed she needed not The changing of her sphere, To give to heaven a Shining One, Who walked an angel here." Curiously, Miss Blagden had not slept at all that night. After her return from her visit to Mrs. Browning the pre- vious afternoon, "every trace of fatigue vanished," she wrote to a friend, "and all my faculties seemed singularly alert. I was unable to sleep, and sat writing letters till dawn, when a cabman came to tell me "La Signora della Casa Guidi e mortel" The Storys came immediately from Leghorn, and Miss Blagden took Edith Story and Penini to her villa. It was touching to see his little friend's endeavor to comfort the motherless boy. Mr. and Mrs. Story stayed with Browning in the rooms where everything spoke of her presence: the table, strewn with her letters and books; her little chair, a deep armcnair of dark green velvet, which her son now holds sacred among his treasures, was drawn by the table just as she had left it, and in her portfolio was a half-finished letter to Madame Mario, speaking of Cavour, and her noble aspirations for Italy. In the late afternoon of July i, 1861, a group of English and American, with many Italian friends gathered about the little casket in the lovely cypress-shaded English ceme- tery of Florence, and as the sun was sinking below the purple hills it was tenderly laid away, while the amethyst mountains hid their faces in a misty veil. 198 THE BROWNINGS "What would we give to our beloved? The hero's heart to be unmoved, The poet's star-tuned harp to sweep. God strikes a silence through you all, And giveth His beloved, sleep." Almost could the friends gathered there hear her poet- voice saying: "And friends, dear friends, when it shall be That this low breath is gone from me, And round my bier ye come to weep, Let One, most loving of you all, Say 'Not a tear must o'er her fall! He giveth His beloved, sleep.'" CHAPTER IX 1861-1869 "Think, when our one soul understands The great Word which makes all things new, When earth breaks up and heaven expands, How will the change strike me and you In the house not made with hands? "Oh, I must feel your brain prompt mine, Your heart anticipate my heart, You must be just before, in fine, See and make me see, for your part, New depths of the divine!" THE COMPLETED CYCLE — LETTERS TO FRIENDS — BROWNING'S DEVOTION TO ms SON — WARWICK CRESCENT — "DRAMATIS PERSONS" — LONDON LIFE — DEATH OF THE POET'S FATHER — SARIANNA BROWNING — OXFORD HONORS THE POET — DEATH OF ARABEL BARRETT — AUDIERNE — "THE RING AND THE BOOK." "THE cycle' is complete," said Browning to the Storys, as they all stood in those desolate rooms and gazed about. The salon was just as she had left it; the table covered with books and magazines, her little chair drawn up to it, the long windows open to the terrace, and the faint chant of nuns, "made for midsummer nights," in San Felice, on the air. "Here we came fifteen years ago," continued Mr. Browning; "here Ba wrote her poems for Italy; here Pen was born; here we used to walk up and down this terrace on summer evenings." The poet lingered over many tender reminiscences, and after the Storys had taken leave, 200 THE BROWNINGS he and his son yielded to the entreaties of Isa Blagden to stay with her in her villa on Bellosguardo during the time that he was preparing to leave Florence, which he never looked upon again. When all matters of detail were concluded, Miss Blagden, "perfect in all kindness," accompanied them to Paris, continuing her own journey to England, while Browning with his son, his father, and sister, proceeded to St. Enogat, near St. Malo, on the Normandy coast. Before Mrs. Browning's illness there had been a plan that all the Brownings and Mr. and Mrs. W. J. StiUman should pass the summer together at Fontainebleau. There was something about St. Enogat singularly restful to Browning, the sea, the solitude, the "unspoiled, fresh, and picturesque place," as he described it in a letter to Madame Du Quaire. The mystic enchantment of it wrought its spell, and Penini had his pony and was well and cheer- ful, and Browning realized too well that the change called death is but the passing through "the gates of new life," to be despairing in his sorrow. The spirit of one "... who never turned his back, but marched breast forward," breathes through all the letters that he wrote at this time to friends. "Don't fancy I am prostrated," he wrote to Leighton; "I have enough to do for myself and the boy, in carrying out her wishes." Somewhat later he expressed his wish that Mr. (later Sir Frederick) Leighton should design the memorial tomb, in that little Florence cemetery, for his wife; and the marble with only "E. B. B." inscribed on it, visited constantly by all travelers in Florence and rarely found without flowers, is the one Sir Frederick designed. In a letter to his boyhood's friend, Miss Haworth, Browning alluded to the future, when Penini would so need the help of "the wisdom, the genius, the piety" of H i-l THEIR LIFE AND ART 201 his mother; and the poet adds: "I have had everything, and shall not forget." In reply to a letter of sympathy from Kate Field, he wrote: "DEAR FRIEND, — God bless you for all your kindness which I shall never forget. I cannot write now except to say this, and beside, that I have had great comfort from the beginning." In the early autumn Browning took Jiis son to London. The parting of the ways had come, and already he dimly perceived that the future would not copy fair the past. There are "reincarnations," in all practical effect, that are realized in this life as well as, speculatively, hereafter; and his days of Italian terraces and oleander blooms, of enchanting hours on Bellosguardo, and lingerings in old palaces and galleries, and saunterings down narrow streets crowded with contadini, — these days were as entirely past as if he had been transported to another planet. "Not death; we do not call it so, Yet scarcely more with dying breath Do we forego; We pass an unseen line, Andlo! another zone. " The sea and the sands and the sky prefigured themselves in those days to Browning as all indistinguishably blended in an unreal world, from which the past had receded and on which the Future had not yet dawned. " Gray rocks and grayer sea, And surf along the shore; And in my heart a name My lips shall speak no more." To Story he wrote with assurances of affection, but say- ing, "I can't speak about anything. I could, perhaps, if we were together, but to write freezes me." Miss Blag- den, in London, had taken rooms in Upper Westbourne 202 THE BROWNINGS Terrace, and when in the late autumn Browning and his son went on to England, he took an apartment in Chi- chester Road, almost opposite the house where Miss Blagden was staying. But she had lived too long in en- chanted Florence to be content elsewhere, and she soon returned to her villa on the heights of Bellosguardo, from which the view is one of the most beautiful in all Europe. Browning soon took the house, No. 19 Warwick Crescent, which for nearly all the rest of his life continued to be his home. Here he was near Mrs. Browning's sister, Arabel Barrett, of whom he was very fond, and whose love for her sister's little son was most grateful to them both. Mr. Browning had his old tapestries, pictures, and furniture of old Florentine carving, some of it black with age, sent on from Casa Guidi, and he proceeded to transform a prim London house into an interior of singular charm. He lined the staircase with Italian pictures; books overflowed in all the rooms, and the glimpse of water in the canal near re- flected the green trees of the Crescent, giving the place a hint of sylvan Arcadias. There was the grand piano on which Penini practiced, and a tutor was engaged to prepare the lad for the university. The poet felt that this was the critical time to give his son "the English stamp," in "whatever it is good for," he added. But as a matter of fact the young Florentine had little affinity with Eng- lish ways. He was the child of poets; a linguist from his infancy, an omnivorous reader, and with marked talent for art, distinguishing himself later in both painting and sculp- ture, but he had little inclination for the exact sciences. In his London home Browning was soon again launched on a tide of work, — the dearest of which was in preparing the "Last Poems" of his wife for publication. He gave it a dedication to "Grateful Florence, and Tommaseo, her spokesman." He was also preparing a new edition of his own works to be issued in three volumes. The tutor he THEIR LIFE AND ART 203 had secured for his son was considered skillful in "gram- matical niceties," which, he said, "was much more to my mind than to Pen's." But he, as well as the boy, was homesick for Italy, and he wrote to Story that his particular reward would be "just to go back to Italy, to Rome"; and he adds: "Why should I not trust to you whatj know you will keep to yourselves, but which will certainly amuse you as nothing else I could write is like to do? What good in our loving each other unless I do such a thing? So, O Story, O Emelyn, (dare I say, for the solemnity's sake?) and O Edie, the editorship has, under the circumstances, been offered to me: me! I really take it as a compliment because I am, by your indulgence, a bit of a poet, if you like, but a man of the world and able editor hardly!"1 The editorship in question was that of Cornhill, left vacant by the death of Thackeray. Browning was too great of spirit to sink into the recluse, and first beguiled into Rossetti's studio, he soon met Millais, and by degrees he responded again to friends and friend- ships, and life called to him with many voices. In the late summer of 1862 the poet and his son were at "green, pleas- ant little Cambo," and then at Biarritz. He was absorbed in Euripides; and the supreme work of his life, "The Ring and the Book," the Roman murder story, as he then called it, was constantly in his thought and beginning to take shape. The sudden and intense impression that the Franceschini tragedy had made on him, on first reading it, rushed back and held him as under a spell. But the "Dramatis Personae" and "In a Balcony" were to be completed before the inauguration of this great work. For more than four years the thrilling tragedy had lain 1 William Wetmore Story and his Friends. Boston: The Hough ton- Mifflin Co. 204 THE BROWNINGS in his mind, impressing that subconscious realm of mental action where all great work in art acquires its creative vital- ity. It is said that episodes of crime had a great fascination for Browning, ptre, who would write out long imaginary conversations regarding the facts, representing various persons in discussion, the individual views of each being brought out. The analogy of this to the treatment of the Franceschini tragedy in his son's great poem is rather interesting to contemplate. With the poet it was less dramatic interest in the crime, per se, than it was that the complexities of crime afforded the basis from which to work out his central and controlling purpose, his abiding and profound conviction that life here is simply the experi- mental and preparatory stage for the life to come; that all its events, even its lapses from the right, its fall into terrible evil, are — " Machinery just meant To give thy soul its bent," a part of the mechanism to "try the soul's stuff on"; that man lives in an environment of spiritual influences which act upon him in just that degree to which he can recognize and respond to them; and that he must sometimes learn the ineffable blessedness of the right through tragic ex- periences of the wrong. In the very realities of man's imperfection Browning sees his possibilities of "Progress, man's distinctive work alone." When Browning asks: "And what is our failure here but a triumph's evidence For the fullness of the days? . . ." he condenses in these lines his philosophy of life. Many of the poems appearing in the "Dramatis Per- sonae" had already been written: " Gold Hair" and "James Lee's Wife" at Pornic, and others at green Cambo. In THEIR LIFE AND ART 205 the splendor and power of "Abt Vogler," "Rabbi Ben Ezra," and " A Death in the Desert," the poet expressed a philosophy that again suggests his intuitive agreement with the Hegelian. "Rabbi Ben Ezra" holds in absolute solution the Vedanta philosophy. To the question as to what all this enigma of life means, the poet answers: "Thence shall I pass, approved A man, for aye removed From the developed brute; a god though in the germ. He fixed thee 'mid this dance Of plastic circumstance, This Present, thou, forsooth, would fain arrest. " How keen the sense of humor and of the sharp contrasts of life in "Fra Lippo Lippi," and what power of character analysis. The intellectual vigor and the keen insight into the play of mental action in "Bishop Blougram's Apology " — a poem that occasioned great discussion on its appear- ance (from a real or fancied resemblance of the "Bishop" to Cardinal Wiseman) — are almost unsurpassed in poetic literature. Many of the poems in the "Dramatis Personae " are aglow with the romance of h'fe, as in the " Eurydice to Orpheus," and "A Face," which refers to Emily Patmore.
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227 B.R. 767 (1998)
In re EMPRESAS OMAJEDE, INC., Debtor.
Antonio BETANCOURT, Delfina Betancourt, and Olga Capo-Roman, Movants-Appellants,
v.
A.J. BENNAZAR-ZEQUEIRA; Antonio I. Hernandez-Rodriguez; William M. Vidal-Carvajal; Ismael R. Colon-Perez; La Electronica, Inc.; Carlos R. Rios-Gautier; Juan C. Pou, and Maria Luisa Betancourt, Respondents-Appellees.
Civ. No. 98-1374(JAF), Bankruptcy No. 90-03612 ESL.
United States District Court, D. Puerto Rico.
December 22, 1998.
Charles A. Cuprill-Hernandez, Ponce, PR, Antonio Betancourt-Capo, New York City, for Empresas Omajede, Inc.
Jose R. Garcia-Perez, A.J. Bennazar Zequeira Law Offices, Hato Rey, PR, for A.J. Bennazar-Zequeira.
Michael Trias-Fraticelli, Hato Rey, PR, for La Electronica, Inc.
William M. Vidal-Carvajal, San Juan, PR, Pro se.
Antonio I. Hernandez-Rodriguez, Hernandez & Vidal, San Juan, PR, Pro se.
Ismael R. Colon-Perez, Hernandez & Vidal, San Juan, PR, Pro se.
Carlos R. Rios-Gautier, Hato Rey, PR, Pro se.
Juan C. Pou-Martinez, Latimer, Biaggi, Rachid & Godreau, San Juan, PR, Pro se.
*768 OPINION AND ORDER
FUSTE, District Judge.
This is an appeal from the January 26, 1998 order of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Puerto Rico ("Bankruptcy Court") denying the motion of Olga Capó-Román, Delfina Betancourt-Capó, and Antonio Betancourt-Capó, as equity security holders of Empresas Omajede, Inc. ("Omajede") (hereinafter "Appellants") for the imposition of sanctions pursuant to Fed. R.Civ.P. 11 against attorneys A.J. Bennazar-Zequeira; Antonio I. Hernández-Rodríguez; William M. Vidal-Carvajal; Ismael R. Colón-Pérez; Carlos R. Ríos-Gautier; and Juan Carlos Pou; and La Electrónica, Inc. (all of these parties jointly, "Appellees"). This court has jurisdiction to hear the present appeal under 28 U.S.C. § 158(a) (1994).
Sitting as an appellate court reviewing decisions of a bankruptcy court, we review the bankruptcy court's factual findings under a clear error standard, and its conclusions of law under a de novo standard. In re G.S.F. Corp., 938 F.2d 1467, 1474 (1st Cir.1991); Matter of Torres Lopez, 138 B.R. 348, 349 (D.P.R.1992).
I.
On January 31, 1997, this court issued an opinion and order directing the Bankruptcy Court to make further findings addressing the reasons underlying its margin order denying Appellant's request for the entry of sanctions against several attorneys. In that opinion and order, we indicated that while the Bankruptcy Court is free to reaffirm its original margin order, it must make findings of fact and explain its denial of the imposition of sanctions. The Bankruptcy Court subsequently reaffirmed its margin order and expounded its reasons for its denial of the imposition of sanctions in its February 5, 1998 opinion. It is that February 5, 1998 opinion of the Bankruptcy Court which we now review on appeal.
As to attorney Bennazar-Zequeira, the Bankruptcy Court stated in its February 5, 1998 order that the record clearly reflects that he has not engaged in any conduct warranting the imposition of sanctions pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 11 as his involvement in the case was limited, and his motion to dismiss was not frivolous, lacking in factual or legal basis, or part of a pattern of abusive litigation tactics. Appellants had argued to the Bankruptcy Court that Bennazar-Zequeira's motion to dismiss had no reasonable basis in law or fact, and that his failure either to reply to Omajede's opposition or withdraw his motion to dismiss was a violation of Rule 11. The Bankruptcy Court articulated the reasons behind its disagreement with Appellants:
While this court ultimately agreed with Omajede's legal reasoning and sustained some of their arguments with regard to the motion to dismiss, it also agreed with Bennazar's position regarding the disqualification of Omajede's counsel for having a conflict of interest. The fact that Omajede prevailed does not mean that Bennazar's setting forth of his client's position constitutes sanctionable conduct under Rule 11.
In Re: Empresas Omajede, Inc., B90-3612 at 7 (Feb. 5, 1998 Bankr.D.P.R.).
Similarly, the Bankruptcy Court found that attorney Vidal-Carvajal's first and second motion to dismiss merely articulated the position of his client, were not unreasonable, and did not demonstrate a lack of good faith.
As to attorney Ríos-Gautier, the Bankruptcy Court held that his "Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Proper Authority and Disqualification of Attorney for Debtor" was not problematic. Appellants argued that Ríos-Gautier was "bold" in requesting the disqualification of Omajede's counsel, and that Ríos-Gautier himself had a conflict of interest in representing his client. The Bankruptcy Court stated that it "fails to see how one affects the other, not to mention why it would constitute a violation of Rule 11." Id. at 8. The Bankruptcy Court also stated that it was not a violation of Rule 11 when Ríos-Gautier continued to argue the right to a jury trial after the Bankruptcy Court had already granted Omajede's motion to strike the jury demand.
As to attorney Pou, Appellants argued that his requests for an appointment of trustee and a stay of the proceedings violated Rule *769 11 because they contained baseless and false allegations and were used to relitigate the issues of conflict of interest and disqualifications.
As to attorneys Hernández-Rodríguez and Colón-Pérez, Appellants argued that their complaint, which commenced adversary proceeding No. 92-0098, made a frivolous argument that La Electrónica was the owner of the La Electrónica building, and that the claim should be judicially and equitably estopped.
Finally, Appellants argued that La Electrónica, Inc. should be sanctioned for financing and benefitting from this "frivolous" litigation.
The Bankruptcy Court concluded that none of these examples warranted the imposition of sanctions under Rule 11, and that the attorneys' conduct was reasonable under the circumstances of the case at bar.
The Bankruptcy Court furthermore explained:
This court's denial of the motion was based in part upon a finding that the conduct complained of did not constitute a violation of Fed.R.Civ.P. 11. However, and perhaps more importantly, it reflected this court's impression that the litigation tactics objected to are not unknown to the debtor corporation and the various attorneys who have represented it. In so stating, the court does not mean to impugn any of the respected professionals who have been involved in this case and related matters; rather, it is a reflection upon the parties themselves, who have allowed and encouraged what began as a domestic matter between Don Reinaldo Betancourt Viera and Doña Olga Capó Román to balloon into an all-out war which has lasted nearly nine years, encompassed (to date) five bankruptcy proceedings and thirteen adversary proceedings, and cost hundreds of thousands of dollars in attorney's fees and untold hours of the bankruptcy and district courts spent resolving these matters, only to have the parties renew their arguments in a different manner, in a different proceeding, or in a different forum.
Id. at 9.
II.
Our January 31, 1997 order did not object to the Bankruptcy Court's actual denial of the imposition of sanctions, but to its lack of articulated factual findings and analysis. As we stated in our January 31, 1997 order, it is the Bankruptcy Court that is most "steeped in the facts and sensitive to the interplay amongst the protagonists." On appeal, it is crucial that we give
[d]ue deference to the trial court's opportunity to observe, firsthand, witness demeanor and credibility, and credibility findings cannot be disregarded in the absence of facts which would compel contrary inferences. Simply put, the trial court is in a much better position to determine credibility.
In re Southold Development Corp., 173 B.R. 63, 73 (Bankr.E.D.N.Y.1994) (citations omitted). We note the unique position of the Bankruptcy Court to evaluate first hand the conduct of the attorneys. The Bankruptcy Court has stated that the attorneys have acted professionally, and that this litigation has dragged on as a result of the parties' persistence. As the Bankruptcy Court has been dealing with these attorneys personally for a number of years in this lengthy and complex litigation and is, therefore, in a superior position to evaluate the good faith of those attorneys, we will defer to its decision to deny the imposition of sanctions.
III.
Having examined the parties' briefs and the record before us, we find no error in the Bankruptcy Court's February 5, 1998 opinion and order and, accordingly, AFFIRM the decision.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
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Nososticta flavipennis
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Nososticta flavipennis
soort uit het geslacht Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis wetenschappelijke naam Nososticta flavipennis, taxonauteur Edmond de Selys Longchamps, datum van taxonomische publicatie 1886
Nososticta flavipennis moedertaxon Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis taxonomische rang soort
Nososticta flavipennis is een taxon
Nososticta flavipennis GBIF-identificatiecode 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis EOL-identificatiecode 985299
Nososticta flavipennis IRMNG-identificatiecode 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis iNaturalist-identificatiecode voor taxon 550508
Nososticta flavipennis BioLib-identificatiecode 228521
Nososticta flavipennis IUCN-status niet bedreigde soort
Nososticta flavipennis IUCN-identificatiecode 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis Google Knowledge Graph-identificatiecode /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis verkorte naam
Nososticta flavipennis Open Tree of Life-identificatiecode 3008500
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis naukowa nazwa taksonu Nososticta flavipennis, autor nazwy naukowej taksonu Edmond de Sélys Longchamps, data opisania naukowego 1886
Nososticta flavipennis takson nadrzędny Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis kategoria systematyczna gatunek
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Nososticta flavipennis identyfikator GBIF 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis identyfikator EOL 985299
Nososticta flavipennis identyfikator IRMNG 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis identyfikator iNaturalist 550508
Nososticta flavipennis identyfikator BioLib 228521
Nososticta flavipennis kategoria zagrożenia IUCN gatunek najmniejszej troski
Nososticta flavipennis identyfikator IUCN 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis identyfikator Google Knowledge Graph /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis nazwa skrócona
Nososticta flavipennis identyfikator Open Tree of Life 3008500
Nososticta flavipennis
species of insect
Nososticta flavipennis taxon name Nososticta flavipennis, taxon author Edmond de Selys Longchamps, year of publication of scientific name for taxon 1886
Nososticta flavipennis parent taxon Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis taxon rank species
Nososticta flavipennis instance of taxon
Nososticta flavipennis GBIF taxon ID 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis Encyclopedia of Life ID 985299
Nososticta flavipennis IRMNG ID 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis iNaturalist taxon ID 550508
Nososticta flavipennis BioLib taxon ID 228521
Nososticta flavipennis IUCN conservation status Least Concern
Nososticta flavipennis IUCN taxon ID 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis Google Knowledge Graph ID /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis short name
Nososticta flavipennis Open Tree of Life ID 3008500
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis vetenskapligt namn Nososticta flavipennis, auktor Edmond de Sélys Longchamps, år för publikation av taxonomiskt namn 1886
Nososticta flavipennis nästa högre taxon Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis taxonomisk rang art
Nososticta flavipennis instans av taxon
Nososticta flavipennis Global Biodiversity Information Facility-ID 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis Encyclopedia of Life-ID 985299
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Nososticta flavipennis BioLib-ID 228521
Nososticta flavipennis IUCN:s bevarandestatus livskraftig
Nososticta flavipennis IUCN-ID 125514377
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Nososticta flavipennis Open Tree of Life-ID 3008500
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis tên phân loại Nososticta flavipennis, ngày được miêu tả trong tài liệu khoa học 1886
Nososticta flavipennis đơn vị phân loại mẹ Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis cấp bậc phân loại loài
Nososticta flavipennis là một đơn vị phân loại
Nososticta flavipennis định danh GBIF 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis ID Bách khoa toàn thư Sự sống 985299
Nososticta flavipennis ID IRMNG 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis ID ĐVPL iNaturalist 550508
Nososticta flavipennis ID BioLib 228521
Nososticta flavipennis tình trạng bảo tồn IUCN loài ít quan tâm
Nososticta flavipennis ID ĐVPL IUCN 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis ID trong sơ đồ tri thức của Google /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis tên ngắn
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis
Art der Gattung Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis wissenschaftlicher Name Nososticta flavipennis, Autor(en) des Taxons Edmond de Selys-Longchamps, veröffentlicht im Jahr 1886
Nososticta flavipennis übergeordnetes Taxon Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis taxonomischer Rang Art
Nososticta flavipennis ist ein(e) Taxon
Nososticta flavipennis GBIF-ID 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis EOL-ID 985299
Nososticta flavipennis IRMNG-ID 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis iNaturalist-Taxon-ID 550508
Nososticta flavipennis BioLib-ID 228521
Nososticta flavipennis Gefährdungsstufe (IUCN) nicht gefährdet
Nososticta flavipennis IUCN-ID 125514377
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Nososticta flavipennis Kurzname
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Nososticta flavipennis
especie de insecto
Nososticta flavipennis nombre del taxón Nososticta flavipennis, autor del taxón Edmond de Sélys Longchamps, fecha de descripción científica 1886
Nososticta flavipennis taxón superior inmediato Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis categoría taxonómica especie
Nososticta flavipennis instancia de taxón
Nososticta flavipennis identificador de taxón en GBIF 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis identificador EOL 985299
Nososticta flavipennis identificador IRMNG 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis código de taxón en iNaturalist 550508
Nososticta flavipennis identificador BioLib 228521
Nososticta flavipennis estado de conservación UICN especie bajo preocupación menor
Nososticta flavipennis identificador UICN 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis identificador Google Knowledge Graph /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis nombre corto
Nososticta flavipennis identificador Open Tree of Life 3008500
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis nome scientifico Nososticta flavipennis, autore tassonomico Edmond de Sélys Longchamps, data di descrizione scientifica 1886
Nososticta flavipennis taxon di livello superiore Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis livello tassonomico specie
Nososticta flavipennis istanza di taxon
Nososticta flavipennis identificativo GBIF 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis identificativo EOL 985299
Nososticta flavipennis identificativo IRMNG 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis identificativo iNaturalist taxon 550508
Nososticta flavipennis identificativo BioLib 228521
Nososticta flavipennis stato di conservazione IUCN rischio minimo
Nososticta flavipennis identificativo IUCN 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis identificativo Google Knowledge Graph /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis nome in breve
Nososticta flavipennis
espèce d'insectes
Nososticta flavipennis nom scientifique du taxon Nososticta flavipennis, auteur taxonomique Edmond de Sélys Longchamps, date de description scientifique 1886
Nososticta flavipennis taxon supérieur Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis rang taxonomique espèce
Nososticta flavipennis nature de l’élément taxon
Nososticta flavipennis identifiant Global Biodiversity Information Facility 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis identifiant Encyclopédie de la Vie 985299
Nososticta flavipennis identifiant Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis identifiant iNaturalist d'un taxon 550508
Nososticta flavipennis identifiant BioLib 228521
Nososticta flavipennis statut de conservation UICN espèce de préoccupation mineure
Nososticta flavipennis identifiant Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis identifiant du Google Knowledge Graph /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis nom court
Nososticta flavipennis identifiant Open Tree of Life 3008500
Nososticta flavipennis
вид насекомо
Nososticta flavipennis име на таксон Nososticta flavipennis, дата на публикуване на таксон 1886
Nososticta flavipennis родителски таксон Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis ранг на таксон вид
Nososticta flavipennis екземпляр на таксон
Nososticta flavipennis IRMNG ID 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis IUCN природозащитен статут незастрашен вид
Nososticta flavipennis код на IUCN 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis кратко име
Nososticta flavipennis
вид насекомых
Nososticta flavipennis международное научное название Nososticta flavipennis, автор названия таксона Мишель-Эдмонд Сели-Лонгшан, дата публикации названия 1886
Nososticta flavipennis ближайший таксон уровнем выше Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis таксономический ранг вид
Nososticta flavipennis это частный случай понятия таксон
Nososticta flavipennis идентификатор GBIF 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis идентификатор EOL 985299
Nososticta flavipennis идентификатор IRMNG 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis код таксона iNaturalist 550508
Nososticta flavipennis идентификатор BioLib 228521
Nososticta flavipennis охранный статус МСОП находятся под наименьшей угрозой
Nososticta flavipennis идентификатор МСОП 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis код в Google Knowledge Graph /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis краткое имя или название
Nososticta flavipennis код Open Tree of Life 3008500
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis enw tacson Nososticta flavipennis, awdur y tacson Edmond de Selys Longchamps
Nososticta flavipennis safle tacson rhywogaeth
Nososticta flavipennis enghraifft o'r canlynol tacson
Nososticta flavipennis dynodwr IRMNG 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis statws gadwraethol IUCN pryder lleiaf
Nososticta flavipennis IUCN-ID 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis dynodwr Google Knowledge Graph /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis enw byr
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis taxon nomen Nososticta flavipennis, auctor descriptionis Edmond de Selys Longchamps, annus descriptionis 1886
Nososticta flavipennis parens Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis ordo species
Nososticta flavipennis est taxon
Nososticta flavipennis nomen breve
Nososticta flavipennis
вид комах
Nososticta flavipennis наукова назва таксона Nososticta flavipennis, дата наукового опису 1886
Nososticta flavipennis батьківський таксон Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis таксономічний ранг вид
Nososticta flavipennis є одним із таксон
Nososticta flavipennis ідентифікатор у GBIF 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis ідентифікатор EOL 985299
Nososticta flavipennis ідентифікатор IRMNG 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis ідентифікатор таксона iNaturalist 550508
Nososticta flavipennis ідентифікатор BioLib 228521
Nososticta flavipennis охоронний статус згідно з МСОП найменший ризик
Nososticta flavipennis ідентифікатор IUCN 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis Google Knowledge Graph /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis коротка назва
Nososticta flavipennis ідентифікатор Open Tree of Life 3008500
Nososticta flavipennis
especie d'inseutu
Nososticta flavipennis nome del taxón Nososticta flavipennis, autor del taxón Edmond de Sélys Longchamps, data de publicación del nome de taxón 1886
Nososticta flavipennis taxón inmediatamente superior Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis categoría taxonómica especie
Nososticta flavipennis instancia de taxón
Nososticta flavipennis identificador EOL 985299
Nososticta flavipennis estáu de caltenimientu XICN esmolición menor
Nososticta flavipennis ID XICN de taxón 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis nome curtiu
Nososticta flavipennis
speiceas feithidí
Nososticta flavipennis ainm an tacsóin Nososticta flavipennis, údar an tacsóin Edmond de Selys Longchamps, bliain inar foilsíodh ainm eolaíoch an tacsóin 1886
Nososticta flavipennis máthairthacsón Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis rang an tacsóin speiceas
Nososticta flavipennis sampla de tacsón
Nososticta flavipennis ainm gearr
Nososticta flavipennis
specie de insecte
Nososticta flavipennis nume științific Nososticta flavipennis, autorul taxonului Edmond de Selys Longchamps, anul publicării taxonului 1886
Nososticta flavipennis taxon superior Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis rang taxonomic specie
Nososticta flavipennis este un/o taxon
Nososticta flavipennis identificator Global Biodiversity Information Facility 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis identificator EOL 985299
Nososticta flavipennis stare de conservare IUCN risc minim de dispariție
Nososticta flavipennis Google Knowledge Graph ID /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis nume scurt
Nososticta flavipennis
espécie de inseto
Nososticta flavipennis nome do táxon Nososticta flavipennis, autor do táxon Edmond de Sélys Longchamps, data de descrição científica 1886
Nososticta flavipennis táxon imediatamente superior Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis categoria taxonómica espécie
Nososticta flavipennis instância de táxon
Nososticta flavipennis identificador Global Biodiversity Information Facility 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis identificador Encyclopedia of Life 985299
Nososticta flavipennis IRMNG ID 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis identificador BioLib 228521
Nososticta flavipennis estado de conservação pela IUCN pouco preocupante
Nososticta flavipennis identificador IUCN 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis identificador do painel de informações do Google /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis nome curto
Nososticta flavipennis
lloj i insekteve
Nososticta flavipennis emri shkencor Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis instancë e takson
Nososticta flavipennis emër i shkurtër
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis tieteellinen nimi Nososticta flavipennis, taksonin auktori Edmond de Sélys-Longchamps, tieteellisen kuvauksen päivämäärä 1886
Nososticta flavipennis osa taksonia Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis taksonitaso laji
Nososticta flavipennis esiintymä kohteesta taksoni
Nososticta flavipennis Global Biodiversity Information Facility -tunniste 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis Encyclopedia of Life -tunniste 985299
Nososticta flavipennis IRMNG-tunniste 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis iNaturalist-tunniste 550508
Nososticta flavipennis BioLib-tunniste 228521
Nososticta flavipennis IUCN:n uhanalaisuusluokitus elinvoimainen
Nososticta flavipennis IUCN-tunniste 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis Google Knowledge Graph -tunniste /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis lyhyt nimi
Nososticta flavipennis Open Tree of Life -tunniste 3008500
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis
especie d'insecto
Nososticta flavipennis instancia de Taxón
Nososticta flavipennis
especie de insecto
Nososticta flavipennis nome do taxon Nososticta flavipennis, autor do taxon Edmond de Selys Longchamps, data de descrición científica 1886
Nososticta flavipennis taxon superior inmediato Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis categoría taxonómica especie
Nososticta flavipennis instancia de taxon
Nososticta flavipennis identificador GBIF 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis identificador EOL 985299
Nososticta flavipennis identificador IRMNG de taxon 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis identificador iNaturalist dun taxon 550508
Nososticta flavipennis identificador BioLib 228521
Nososticta flavipennis estado de conservación da IUCN Especie pouco preocupante
Nososticta flavipennis identificador UICN 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis identificador de Google Knowledge Graph /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis nome curto
Nososticta flavipennis identificador Open Tree of Life 3008500
Nososticta flavipennis
speco di insekto
Nososticta flavipennis identifikilo che Google Knowledge Graph /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis kurta nomo
Nososticta flavipennis
espécie de inseto
Nososticta flavipennis nome taxológico Nososticta flavipennis, autor do táxon Edmond de Sélys Longchamps, data de descrição científica 1886
Nososticta flavipennis táxon imediatamente superior Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis categoria taxonômica espécie
Nososticta flavipennis instância de táxon
Nososticta flavipennis identificador GBIF 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis identificador EOL 985299
Nososticta flavipennis estado de conservação IUCN segura ou pouco preocupante
Nososticta flavipennis identificador IUCN 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis identificador do painel de informações do Google /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis nome curto
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis izen zientifikoa Nososticta flavipennis, deskribapen zientifikoaren data 1886
Nososticta flavipennis goiko maila taxonomikoa Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis maila taxonomikoa espezie
Nososticta flavipennis honako hau da taxon
Nososticta flavipennis GBIFen identifikatzailea 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis EOL-en identifikatzailea 985299
Nososticta flavipennis IRMNG identifikatzailea 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis iNaturalist identifikatzailea 550508
Nososticta flavipennis BioLib identifikatzailea 228521
Nososticta flavipennis IUCNren iraute egoera arrisku txikia
Nososticta flavipennis IUCN-ren identifikatzailea 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis Google Knowledge Graph identifikatzailea /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis izen laburra
Nososticta flavipennis Open Tree of Life identifikatzailea 3008500
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis taksonomia nomo Nososticta flavipennis, aŭtoro de taksono Edmond de Sélys Longchamps
Nososticta flavipennis supera taksono Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis taksonomia rango specio
Nososticta flavipennis estas taksono
Nososticta flavipennis identigilo laŭ Enciklopedio de Vivo 985299
Nososticta flavipennis numero en iNaturalist 550508
Nososticta flavipennis numero en BioLib 228521
Nososticta flavipennis konserva statuso de IUCN malplej zorgiga
Nososticta flavipennis identigilo de IUCN 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis identigilo en Scio-Grafo de Google /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis mallonga nomo
Nososticta flavipennis
espècie d'insecte
Nososticta flavipennis nom científic Nososticta flavipennis, autor taxonòmic Edmond de Sélys Longchamps, data de descripció científica 1886
Nososticta flavipennis tàxon superior immediat Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis categoria taxonòmica espècie
Nososticta flavipennis instància de tàxon
Nososticta flavipennis identificador GBIF 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis identificador Encyclopedia of Life 985299
Nososticta flavipennis identificador IRMNG de tàxon 11154362
Nososticta flavipennis identificador iNaturalist de tàxon 550508
Nososticta flavipennis identificador BioLib 228521
Nososticta flavipennis estat de conservació (UICN) risc mínim
Nososticta flavipennis identificador UICN 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis identificador Google Knowledge Graph /g/121hrc1r
Nososticta flavipennis nom curt
Nososticta flavipennis identificador Open Tree of Life 3008500
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis nom scientific Nososticta flavipennis, autor taxonomic Edmond de Sélys Longchamps, data de descripcion scientifica 1886
Nososticta flavipennis taxon superior Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis reng taxonomic espècia
Nososticta flavipennis natura de l'element taxon
Nososticta flavipennis identificant GBIF 1421876
Nososticta flavipennis identificant Encyclopedia of Life 985299
Nososticta flavipennis identificant de taxon iNaturalist 550508
Nososticta flavipennis BioLib ID 228521
Nososticta flavipennis estatut de conservacion (IUCN) Preocupacion menora
Nososticta flavipennis identificant IUCN 125514377
Nososticta flavipennis nom cort
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis nomine del taxon Nososticta flavipennis, data de description scientific 1886
Nososticta flavipennis taxon superior immediate Nososticta
Nososticta flavipennis rango taxonomic specie
Nososticta flavipennis instantia de taxon
Nososticta flavipennis ID EOL 985299
Nososticta flavipennis stato de conservation IUCN risco minimal
Nososticta flavipennis
Nososticta flavipennis nem brefik
| 22,112 |
https://github.com/henlo-birb/lovepotion/blob/master/source/objects/box2d/motorjoint/wrap_motorjoint.cpp
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
0BSD
| 2,021 |
lovepotion
|
henlo-birb
|
C++
|
Code
| 278 | 1,262 |
#include "motorjoint/wrap_motorjoint.h"
#include "joint/wrap_joint.h"
using namespace love;
MotorJoint* Wrap_MotorJoint::CheckMotorJoint(lua_State* L, int index)
{
MotorJoint* joint = Luax::CheckType<MotorJoint>(L, index);
if (!joint->IsValid())
luaL_error(L, "Attempt to use destroyed joint!");
return joint;
}
int Wrap_MotorJoint::SetLinearOffset(lua_State* L)
{
MotorJoint* self = Wrap_MotorJoint::CheckMotorJoint(L, 1);
float x = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
float y = luaL_checknumber(L, 3);
self->SetLinearOffset(x, y);
return 0;
}
int Wrap_MotorJoint::GetLinearOffset(lua_State* L)
{
MotorJoint* self = Wrap_MotorJoint::CheckMotorJoint(L, 1);
// lua_remove(L, 1); not needed?
return self->GetLinearOffset(L);
}
int Wrap_MotorJoint::SetAngularOffset(lua_State* L)
{
MotorJoint* self = Wrap_MotorJoint::CheckMotorJoint(L, 1);
float offset = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
self->SetAngularOffset(offset);
return 0;
}
int Wrap_MotorJoint::GetAngularOffset(lua_State* L)
{
MotorJoint* self = Wrap_MotorJoint::CheckMotorJoint(L, 1);
lua_pushnumber(L, self->GetAngularOffset());
return 1;
}
int Wrap_MotorJoint::SetMaxForce(lua_State* L)
{
MotorJoint* self = Wrap_MotorJoint::CheckMotorJoint(L, 1);
float maxForce = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
Luax::CatchException(L, [&]() { self->SetMaxForce(maxForce); });
return 0;
}
int Wrap_MotorJoint::GetMaxForce(lua_State* L)
{
MotorJoint* self = Wrap_MotorJoint::CheckMotorJoint(L, 1);
lua_pushnumber(L, self->GetMaxForce());
return 1;
}
int Wrap_MotorJoint::SetMaxTorque(lua_State* L)
{
MotorJoint* self = Wrap_MotorJoint::CheckMotorJoint(L, 1);
float maxTorque = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
Luax::CatchException(L, [&]() { self->SetMaxTorque(maxTorque); });
return 0;
}
int Wrap_MotorJoint::GetMaxTorque(lua_State* L)
{
MotorJoint* self = Wrap_MotorJoint::CheckMotorJoint(L, 1);
lua_pushnumber(L, self->GetMaxTorque());
return 1;
}
int Wrap_MotorJoint::SetCorrectionFactor(lua_State* L)
{
MotorJoint* self = Wrap_MotorJoint::CheckMotorJoint(L, 1);
float correctionFactor = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
Luax::CatchException(L, [&]() { self->SetCorrectionFactor(correctionFactor); });
return 0;
}
int Wrap_MotorJoint::GetCorrectionFactor(lua_State* L)
{
MotorJoint* self = Wrap_MotorJoint::CheckMotorJoint(L, 1);
lua_pushnumber(L, self->GetCorrectionFactor());
return 1;
}
// clang-format off
static constexpr luaL_Reg functions[] =
{
{ "getAngularOffset", Wrap_MotorJoint::GetAngularOffset },
{ "getCorrectionFactor", Wrap_MotorJoint::GetCorrectionFactor },
{ "getLinearOffset", Wrap_MotorJoint::GetLinearOffset },
{ "getMaxForce", Wrap_MotorJoint::GetMaxForce },
{ "getMaxTorque", Wrap_MotorJoint::GetMaxTorque },
{ "setAngularOffset", Wrap_MotorJoint::SetAngularOffset },
{ "setCorrectionFactor", Wrap_MotorJoint::SetCorrectionFactor },
{ "setLinearOffset", Wrap_MotorJoint::SetLinearOffset },
{ "setMaxForce", Wrap_MotorJoint::SetMaxForce },
{ "setMaxTorque", Wrap_MotorJoint::SetMaxTorque },
{ 0, 0 }
};
// clang-format on
int Wrap_MotorJoint::Register(lua_State* L)
{
return Luax::RegisterType(L, &MotorJoint::type, Wrap_Joint::functions, functions, nullptr);
}
| 50,242 |
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Music%20Award
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
New Music Award
|
https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New Music Award&action=history
|
German
|
Spoken
| 244 | 531 |
Der New Music Award (bis 2009: RadioAward für neue Musik) ist ein Preis für junge Musiker und Bands in Deutschland und eine Gemeinschaftsproduktion aller jungen Radiosender der ARD.
Hintergründe
In den ersten zwei Jahren wurde der Preis als eine Kooperation von MDR Sputnik, You FM und Radio Fritz unter dem Namen RadioAward für neue Musik verliehen. Mittlerweile sind mit Dasding, N-Joy, BR PULS, 103.7 UnserDing, 1 Live, Bremen Next, MDR Sputnik; FRITZ, You-FM und Deutschlandfunk Nova alle neuen Jugendradiowellen der ARD an der Kooperation beteiligt. Durchgeführt wird die Preisverleihung von Four Artists.
Jeder Sender schickt einen Newcomer ins Rennen, der Gewinner wird am Abend von einer unabhängigen Jury (Branchenexperte, Musikchefs der beteiligten Radiosender, Musiker) und dem Publikum bestimmt.
Im Jahr 2015 wurde der New Music Award mit dem Live-Entertainment-Award in der Kategorie Künstler-/Nachwuchsförderung des Jahres ausgezeichnet.
Seit 2018 wird neben dem „Newcomer des Jahres“ auch ein „Durchstarter des Jahres“ gekürt.
Gewinner
2008: Bonaparte
2009: Jona:s (heute: OK Kid)
2010: Kraftklub
2011: Captain Capa
2012: Tonbandgerät
2013: Exclusive
2014: Lary
2015: Antilopen Gang
2016: Kytes
2017: Leoniden
2018: Novaa (Newcomerin des Jahres) und Lea (Durchstarterin des Jahres)
2019: Majan (Newcomer des Jahres) und Giant Rooks (Durchstarter des Jahres)
2020: Céline (Newcomerin des Jahres) und Zoe Wees (Durchstarterin des Jahres)
2021: Rote Mütze Raphi (Newcomerin des Jahres) sowie Luna und Leony Burger (Durchstarterinnen des Jahres)
2022: Ennio (Newcomer des Jahres) und ClockClock (Durchstarter des Jahres)
Weblinks
Offizielle Webseite bei MDR Sputnik
Einzelnachweise
Musikpreis (Deutschland)
Erstverleihung 2008
| 15,652 |
https://github.com/salvivona/collaborative-training-auth/blob/master/backend/app/db/migrations/versions/2dc2179b353f_create_main_tables.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
collaborative-training-auth
|
salvivona
|
Python
|
Code
| 316 | 1,082 |
#
# Copyright (c) 2021 the Hugging Face team.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.#
"""create_main_tables
Revision ID: 2dc2179b353f
Revises:
Create Date: 2021-04-28 07:54:49.181680
""" # noqa
from typing import Tuple
import sqlalchemy as sa
from alembic import op
# revision identifiers, used by Alembic
revision = "2dc2179b353f"
down_revision = None
branch_labels = None
depends_on = None
def create_updated_at_trigger() -> None:
op.execute(
"""
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION update_updated_at_column()
RETURNS TRIGGER AS
$$
BEGIN
NEW.updated_at = now();
RETURN NEW;
END;
$$ language 'plpgsql';
"""
)
def timestamps(indexed: bool = False) -> Tuple[sa.Column, sa.Column]:
return (
sa.Column(
"created_at",
sa.TIMESTAMP(timezone=True),
server_default=sa.func.now(),
nullable=False,
index=indexed,
),
sa.Column(
"updated_at",
sa.TIMESTAMP(timezone=True),
server_default=sa.func.now(),
nullable=False,
index=indexed,
),
)
def create_experiments_table() -> None:
op.create_table(
"experiments",
sa.Column("id", sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
sa.Column("name", sa.Text, nullable=False, index=True),
sa.Column("owner", sa.Text, nullable=False, index=True),
*timestamps(),
)
op.execute(
"""
CREATE TRIGGER update_experiments_modtime
BEFORE UPDATE
ON experiments
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE update_updated_at_column();
"""
)
def create_whitelist_table() -> None:
op.create_table(
"whitelist",
sa.Column("id", sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
sa.Column("experiment_id", sa.Integer, nullable=False, index=True),
sa.Column("user_id", sa.Integer, nullable=False, index=False),
*timestamps(),
)
op.execute(
"""
CREATE TRIGGER update_whitelist_modtime
BEFORE UPDATE
ON whitelist
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE update_updated_at_column();
"""
)
def create_users_table() -> None:
op.create_table(
"users",
sa.Column("id", sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
sa.Column("username", sa.Text, unique=True, nullable=True, index=True),
*timestamps(),
)
op.execute(
"""
CREATE TRIGGER update_user_modtime
BEFORE UPDATE
ON users
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE update_updated_at_column();
"""
)
def upgrade() -> None:
create_updated_at_trigger()
create_experiments_table()
create_whitelist_table()
create_users_table()
def downgrade() -> None:
op.drop_table("users")
op.drop_table("experiments")
op.drop_table("whitelist")
op.execute("DROP FUNCTION update_updated_at_column")
| 47,800 |
US-47160106-A_2
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,006 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 715 | 930 |
Referring now to FIG. 2, the reactor 1 as in FIG. 1 also contains acombustion section 2, boiler section 3 and reforming section 4. Thereactor has the same elements as described in connection with FIG. 1except that no baffles are provided in the boiler section 3 and theelongated members 9, preferably formed as elongated tubes are providedwith sleeves 11 a so as to allow for the passage of flue gas through theannular region defined by said elongated members 9 and said sleeve 11 a.Thus, this annular region serves as flow channel for the passage of fluegas. The wall 28 defining the housing of the boiler section may serve asa part of the sleeve or outer wall for the outermost elongated elements.After delivering heat to the gas-liquid mixture inside the elongatedmembers the flue gas leaves the boiler section by passage into annularregion 17 in the reactor located outside said boiler section and saidclosed volume.
1. A reforming reactor for the conversion of a process fluid intohydrogen comprising: a reforming section which is contained within aclosed volume, a boiler section and a combustion section, in which saidreforming section contains one or more catalyst tubes filled withreforming catalyst, said boiler section is provided with one or moreflow channels for the passage of flue gas from the combustion sectionand said combustion section is provided with at least one burner,wherein the heat exchanging medium required for the reforming of saidprocess fluid in the one or more catalyst tubes is a gas-liquid mixturethat self-circulates outside the one or more catalyst tubes and withoutpassing inside said one or more catalyst tubes, wherein the heatexchanging medium is encapsulated inside said closed volume and whereinat least a portion of said closed volume protrudes inside said boilersection, wherein the process fluid entering the reactor comprisesmethanol, DME or a mixture of DME and methanol, and wherein thegas-liquid mixture is a saturated steam-water system circulating at apressure of 55 to 110 bar g and a temperature of 270° C. to about 320°C.
2. The reactor according to claim 1, in which the portion of saidclosed volume inside which the gas-liquid mixture self-circulatesprotrudes inside the boiler section as a single elongated element or asa number of elongated elements so as to form a plurality ofcircumferentially and radially spaced elongated elements, and in whichsaid elongated elements are in fluid communication with one another. 3.The reactor according to claim 2, in which the boiler section of thereactor is provided with a number of vertically spaced or horizontallyspaced baffles in which said baffles are arranged substantiallytransverse to the flow direction of the flue gas generated in thecombustion section.
4. The reactor according to claim 2, wherein the oneor more elongated elements, which are preferably formed as tubes, areprovided with a sleeve so as to allow for the passage of flue gasthrough the annular region defined by said elongated element and saidsleeve.
5. The reactor according to claim 1, in which at least oneprocess feed tube carrying the process fluid to be converted extendsinside said closed volume of the reactor.
6. The reactor according toclaim 5, in which the at least one process feed tube carrying theprocess fluid to be converted enters the reactor through a conductarranged in the outer wall of the reactor and wherein said process fluidis preheated by indirect contact with exiting converted gas from thereforming section of the reactor.
7. The reactor according to claim 5,in which said at least one process feed tube extends vertically into atransition compartment from which at least one process tube carryingprocess gas to be converted extends vertically inside the closed volumeof the reactor and wherein the at least one process tube carrying theprocess gas is formed as a coil.
8. The reactor according to claim 1, inwhich said closed volume containing said reforming section and boilersection are substantially surrounded by an insulated housing, whereinsaid insulated housing is encased by a first annular region carryingflue gas and a second annular region carrying combustion air.
9. Thereactor according to claim 1, wherein said combustion section isprovided with a single catalytic burner and wherein said catalyticburner is provided as wire mesh layers arranged in series which arecoated with ceramic and impregnated with an oxidation catalyst, wherebythe heat generated in the combustion is transferred by a convectionmechanism to the self-circulating gas-liquid mixture via the generatedflue gas..
| 123 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19968139
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,013 |
Stack Exchange
|
Jcs, Skyzer, https://stackoverflow.com/users/432589, https://stackoverflow.com/users/633154
|
English
|
Spoken
| 1,050 | 2,177 |
Create PKCS#10 CSR and HMAC seal
I'm stuck in creating correctly PKCS#10 certificate signing request and HMAC seal. I need to create them and send to remote service that will produce for me certificate in PKCS#7 format. More exactly:
Create a key pair for certificate and generate PKCS#10 request
(private key is never sent to the remote service)
use: key length 1024bit, SHA-1 algorithm, DER –encoded
Subject info: CN=name, serialNumber=userID, C=country (as above)
Create HMAC seal
use DER coded PKCS#10 above as input
SMS-activation code as the key (10-digits)
I'm wrapping the result into SoapMessage and sending to remote service and get a response. The response is error because either CSR or HMAC were generated incorrectly. The remote service doesn't send more specific error message, but as I said the error is because of my incorrectly generated CSR or HMAC. The subject and HMAC key are example values given by remote service, that's why the issue can't be because of them.
Here is the code how I implemented it
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.SignatureException;
import javax.security.auth.x500.X500Principal;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.DERSet;
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.digests.SHA1Digest;
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.macs.HMac;
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.KeyParameter;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.PKCS10CertificationRequest;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
public class CustomerCert {
private final KeyPairGenerator keyGen;
private final KeyPair keypair;
private final PublicKey publicKey;
private final PrivateKey privateKey;
private final byte[] pkcs10;
private HMac hmac;
private byte[] hmacBytes;
public CustomerCert(String company, String userId, String country)
throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, NoSuchProviderException, SignatureException {
keyGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("DSA");
keyGen.initialize(1024, new SecureRandom());
keypair = keyGen.generateKeyPair();
publicKey = keypair.getPublic();
privateKey = keypair.getPrivate();
pkcs10 = this.generatePKCS10(company, userId, country);
}
private byte[] generatePKCS10(String company, String userId, String country) throws InvalidKeyException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchProviderException, SignatureException {
String sigAlg = "SHA1withDSA";
String params = "CN=" + company + ", serialNumber=" + userId + ", C=" + country;
X500Principal principal = new X500Principal(params);
PKCS10CertificationRequest kpGen = new PKCS10CertificationRequest(sigAlg, principal, publicKey, new DERSet(), privateKey, null);
byte[] c = kpGen.getEncoded();
return c;
}
public String getCSRasString() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return new String(pkcs10, "ASCII"); // ISO-8859-1
}
public byte[] createHMacSeal(byte[] message, String key) throws UnsupportedEncodingException
{
hmac = new HMac(new SHA1Digest());
hmacBytes = new byte[hmac.getMacSize()];
{
hmac.init(new KeyParameter(Hex.decode(key)));
hmac.update(message, 0, message.length);
hmac.doFinal(hmacBytes, 0);
}
return hmacBytes;
}
}
What I am not sure is how according to the requirement make the PKCS request DER encoded?
Another question is how to give to hmac seal a DER coded pkcs input?
And lastly how to get the byte array of generated HMAC seal, because the remote service requires it as base64 encoded byte array?
EDIT
As @Jcs pointed out my PKCS creation is correct but right now I'm not sure about the correct HMAC creation. I got now beter response from remote server and the error message I get now is error in MAC value.
My current methods for HMac creation are following:
public byte[] createHMacSeal(byte[] message, String key) {
String messageString = new String(message, "US-ASCII");
HMac hmac = new HMac(new SHA1Digest());
byte[] resBuf = new byte[hmac.getMacSize()];
{
byte[] m = messageString.getBytes();
if (messageString.startsWith("0x"))
{
m = Hex.decode(messageString.substring(2));
}
hmac.init(new KeyParameter(key.getBytes("US-ASCII")));
hmac.update(m, 0, m.length);
hmac.doFinal(resBuf, 0);
hmacBytes = resBuf;
}
return hmacBytes;
public byte[] createHMacSeal(byte[] message, String key) {
SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes("US-ASCII"), "HMac-SHA1");
Mac mac;
mac = Mac.getInstance("HMac-SHA1", "BC");
mac.init(secretKey);
mac.reset();
mac.update(message, 0, message.length);
hmacBytes = mac.doFinal();
return hmacBytes;
}
These two methods return different values for HMAC. For the method arguments byte[] message is the DER coded PKCS getPKCS10() and second argument key is the SMS activation code as a 10 character string 1234567890. Now I'm really struck and have tried many different possibilities but still the same error message from the remote server.
I confirm that getEncoded() returns the DER encoded PKCS#10 request. This byte array should be used as input for the MAC update method. Actually your code looks good according to your specs.
@Jcs Thanks. If that one is correct, then other questions are still open like the HMAC seal message that supposed to be DER coded PKCS#10. Is it the whole kpGen.getEncoded() or only the public key from that? Because in the spec is said that never send private key to remote server.
Another question about HMAC seal is the key that is SMS-activation code. Is it correct way to give it to hmac as key parameter hex decoded?
And lastly because of unclear definition what is the algorhitm for PKCS - RSA or DSA?
Not enough space here, I add an answer.
@Jcs Thank you for response, with your help I got closer to solution and have just edited my question about HMAC
About the PKCS#10 request
First of all, don't worry about the PKCS#10 request. It does not contain the private key, only the subject name and the public key. The private key is only used to sign the request. This signature is a private key Proof of Possession i.e. it proves that you really owns the private key corresponding to the public key in the request. The way you are building the PKCS#10 request seems good.
About the HMAC seal
I think that this seal is used to verify the identity of the requester with a shared secret: the SMS-activation code. I think this is some kind of one time password. I'm not sure you have to Hex-decode this code, I think you should use this code as 10 byte ascii-encoded string i.e if the code is 0123456789 the HMAC key is 0x30313233343536373839.
About the algorithm
Well... it only depends on what the service is expecting and/or allows. DSA is for signature only, RSA works for both signature and encryption.
Thanks for the details, it really helped alot and narrowed down the problem to HMAC creation. Could you take a look at that and whether it's correct?
I think you will find:
String messageString = new String(message, "US-ASCII");
and:
byte[] m = messageString.getBytes();
is highly unlikely to result in the same value if message is originally a DER encoded byte array. If you need to handle Strings some of the time I would recommend converting everything to either Hex or Base64, so the byte array conversion is unambiguous.
Thank you, I took it into consideration. I don't convert message back to string, only to DER encoded new JcaPKCS10CertificationRequest(req1.getEncoded()).setProvider("BC").getEncoded(); But still my question is open whether my HMAC creation is correct?
| 19,339 |
https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%285411%29%20%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%8F
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
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(5411) Лия
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https://tt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=(5411) Лия&action=history
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Tatar
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Spoken
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(5411) Лия () — Кояш системасының Марс һәм Юпитер орбиталары арасындагы өлкәсендә урнашкан астероид.
Тарихы
1973 елның 2 гыйнварында Черных Н. С. тарафыннан Кырым обсерваториясендә ачыла. Астероидның вакытлыча атамасы булып баштан «1973 AT3» саналган.
Чыганаклар
Lutz D. Schmadel. Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. — Fifth Revised and Enlarged Edition. — B., Heidelberg, N. Y.: Springer, 2003. — 992 p. — ISBN 3-540-00238-3.
Lutz D. Schmadel. Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. — Springer Science & Business Media, 2012-06-10. — 1458 с. — ISBN 9783642297182
Chapman, C. R., Morrison, D., & Zellner, B. Surface properties of asteroids: A synthesis of polarimetry, radiometry, and spectrophotometry// Icarus : journal. — Elsevier, 1975. — Vol. 25. — P. 104—130.
Kerrod, Robin. Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors (неопр.). — Lerner Publications Co., 2000. — ISBN 0585317631.
Искәрмәләр
Тышкы сылтамалар
Шулай ук карагыз
(5412) Rou астероиды
Баш билбау астероидлары
Әлифба буенча астероидлар
| 49,344 |
https://github.com/BohdanMosiyuk/samples/blob/master/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_Winforms/ApplicationSettings.Create/VB/Form1.vb
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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CC-BY-4.0, MIT
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samples
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BohdanMosiyuk
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Visual Basic
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Code
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Public Class Form1
'<SNIPPET3>
Private Sub Form1_FormClosing(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.FormClosingEventArgs) Handles Me.FormClosing
Mus.Save()
End Sub
'</SNIPPET3>
'<SNIPPET2>
Dim Mus As MyUserSettings
Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
Mus = New MyUserSettings()
Mus.BackgroundColor = Color.AliceBlue
Me.DataBindings.Add(New Binding("BackColor", Mus, "BackgroundColor"))
End Sub
'</SNIPPET2>
End Class
| 19,012 |
https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
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मैरी कॉम
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https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=मैरी कॉम&action=history
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Hindi
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Spoken
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मैंगते चंग्नेइजैंग मैरी कॉम (एम सी मैरी कॉम) (जन्मः १ मार्च १९८३) जिन्हें मैरी कॉम के नाम से भी जाना जाता है, एक भारतीय महिला मुक्केबाज हैं। वे मणिपुर, भारत की मूल निवासी हैं। मैरी कॉम 8 बार विश्व मुक्केबाजी प्रतियोगिता की विजेता रह चुकी हैं। २०१२ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलंपिक में उन्होंने कांस्य पदक जीता। २०१० के ऐशियाई खेलों में काँस्य तथा २०१४ के एशियाई खेलों में उन्होंने स्वर्ण पदक हासिल किया।
दो वर्ष के अध्ययन प्रोत्साहन अवकाश के बाद उन्होंने वापसी करके लगातार चौथी बार विश्व गैर-व्यावसायिक बॉक्सिंग में स्वर्ण जीता। उनकी इस उपलब्धि से प्रभावित होकर एआइबीए ने उन्हें मॅग्नीफ़िसेन्ट मैरी (प्रतापी मैरी) का संबोधन दिया।
उनके जीवन पर एक फिल्म भी बनी जिसका प्रदर्शन २०१४ में हुआ। इस फिल्म में उनकी भूमिका प्रियंका चोपड़ा ने निभाई।
प्रारंभिक जीवन और परिवार
मैरी कॉम का जन्म १ मार्च १९८३ को मणिपुर के चुराचांदपुर जिले में एक गरीब किसान के परिवार में हुआ था। उन्होंने अपनी प्राथमिक शिक्षा लोकटक क्रिश्चियन मॉडल स्कूल और सेंट हेवियर स्कूल से पूरी की। आगे की पढाई के लिये वह आदिमजाति हाई स्कूल, इम्फाल गयीं लेकिन परीक्षा में फेल होने के बाद उन्होंने स्कूल छोड़ दिया और फिर राष्ट्रीय मुक्त विद्यालय से परीक्षा दी। मैरी कॉम की रुचि बचपन से ही एथ्लेटिक्स में थी।
उनके मन में बॉक्सिंग का आकर्षण १९९९ में उस समय उत्पन्न हुआ जब उन्होंने खुमान लम्पक स्पोर्ट्स कॉम्प्लेक्स में कुछ लड़कियों को बॉक्सिंग रिंग में लड़कों के साथ बॉक्सिंग के दांव-पेंच आजमाते देखा। मैरी कॉम बताती है कि "मैं वह नजारा देख कर स्तब्ध थी। मुझे लगा कि जब वे लड़कियां बॉक्सिंग कर सकती है तो मैं क्यों नहीं?"
साथी मणिपुरी बॉक्सर डिंग्को सिंह की सफलता ने भी उन्हें बॉक्सिंग की ओर आकर्षित किया।
मैरीकॉम की शादी ओन्लर कॉम से हुई है। उनके जुङवाँ बच्चे हैं।
उपलब्धियाँ व पुरस्कार
मैरी कॉम ने सन् २००१ में प्रथम बार नेशनल वुमन्स बॉक्सिंग चैंपियनशिप जीती। अब तक वह १० राष्ट्रीय खिताब जीत चुकी है। बॉक्सिंग में देश का नाम रोशन करने के लिए भारत सरकार ने वर्ष २००३ में उन्हे अर्जुन पुरस्कार से सम्मानित किया एवं वर्ष२००६ में उन्हे पद्मश्री से सम्मानित किया गया। जुलाई २९, २००९ को वे भारत के सर्वोच्च खेल सम्मान राजीव गाँधी खेल रत्न पुरस्कार के लिए (मुक्केबाज विजेंदर कुमार तथा पहलवान सुशील कुमार के साथ) चुनीं गयीं। .
मध्यप्रदेश के ग्वालियर में स्त्रीत्व को नई परिभाषा देकर अपने शौर्य बल से नए प्रतिमान गढ़ने वाली विश्व प्रसिद्ध मुक्केबाज श्रीमती एमसी मैरी कॉम १७ जून २०१८ को वीरांगना सम्मान से विभूषित किया गया। उन्होंने २०१९ के प्रेसिडेंसीयल कप इोंडोनेशिया में ५१ किग्रा भार वर्ग में यह स्वर्ण पदक जीता। उन्होंने ऑस्ट्रेलिया की अप्रैल फ्रैंक को ५-० से हराकर यह स्वर्ण पदक जीता। नई दिल्ली में आयोजित १० वीं एआईबीए महिला विश्व मुक्केबाजी चैंपियनशिप २४ नवंबर, २०१८ को उन्होंने ६ विश्व चैंपियनशिप जीतने वाली पहली महिला बनकर इतिहास बनाया,
उपलब्धियां
सन्दर्भ
बाहरी कड़ियाँ
बेहद टफ रही है मेरी कोम की जिंदगी
मैरी कोम की कहानी के आगे का खेल
बच्चा बच्चा जानता है मेरी कोम को
मैरी कॉम एक कहानी
Mary Kom
मैरी कॉम की सक्सेस स्टोरी
भारतीय महिला मुक्केबाज
मणिपुर के खिलाड़ी
1983 में जन्मे लोग
जीवित लोग
पद्मश्री प्राप्तकर्ता
अर्जुन पुरस्कार के प्राप्तकर्ता
राजीव गांधी खेल रत्न के प्राप्तकर्ता
मणिपुर के लोग
| 32,025 |
Q_S_L_363_1
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WTO
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Open Government
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Various open data
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None
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None
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English
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| 364 | 530 |
RESTRICTED WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATION S/L/363
3 August 2009
(09-3740)
Trade in Services Original: English
COMMUNICATION FROM THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
AND ITS MEMBER STATES AND AUSTRALIA
Agreement under paragraph 4 of the Proce dures for the implementation of Article XXI
of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) (S/L/80)
The following communication from the European Communities and its Member States and Australia, dated 26 June 2009, is being circulated to the Members of the Council for Trade in Services
in accordance with paragraph 4 of the Procedures for the implementation of Article XXI of the
General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) (S/L/80), adopted by the Council for Trade in
Services on 19 July 1999.
_______________
1. On 22 October 2007 the European Commun ities and its Member States submitted a
Communication pursuant to Article V of the GA TS (circulated as document S/SECRET/11, dated
30 October 2007, and S/SECRET/11/Corr.1, dated 26 November 2007), whereby they notified the
intention to modify the commitments included in the list of commitments attached to the
communication, pursuant to Article V:5 and in accordance with the terms of Article XXI:1(b).
Following the submission of that Communication, Aust ralia submitted a claim of interest pursuant to
Article XXI:2(a) of the GATS. Pursuant to paragr aph 4 of the Procedures for the implementation of
Article XXI of the GATS (S/L/80) the modifying Member and any Member considering itself affected shall negotiate with a view to reaching an agreement within three months following the last
date on which a claim of inte rest may be made. This period for negotiations expired on
14 March 2008 and was first extended until 25 April 2008, then until 6 June 2008 and subsequently
until 6 October 2008, 9 January 2009, 27 March 2009 a nd 26 June 2009. According to the Procedures
for the implementation of Article XXI of the GAT S (S/L/80), the period for negotiations may be
extended again by mutual agreement.
2. The European Communities and its Member States , of the one part, and Australia, of the other
part, hereby notify that they have mutually agr eed to extend the period for negotiations mentioned
above until 31 January 2010.
__________.
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199300100571
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French Open Data
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Open Government
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Licence ouverte
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ASSOCIATION ANTENNES ETUDES SERVICES
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ASSOCIATIONS
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French
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Spoken
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mise à disposition d'informations techniques sur les moyens de communication et de transmission, conseils aux particuliers et entreprises
| 23,782 |
1723465_1
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Court Listener
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Open Government
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Public Domain
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Unknown
| 3,460 | 4,613 |
699 So. 2d 1065 (1997)
Keith W. MARCEAUX, et ux.
v.
Denny Wayne GIBBS, et al.
No. 96-C-2839.
Supreme Court of Louisiana.
September 9, 1997.
Opinion Granting Rehearing in Part October 10, 1997.
*1066 Thomas K. Regan, Privat & Regan, Crowley, for Applicant.
Andre Doguet, Cline, Miller, Richard & Doguet, Rayne; Milo Addison Nickel, Jr., Woodley, Williams, Fenet, Boudreaux, Norman & Brown, Lake Charles; Homer Ed Barousse, Jr., Crowley, for Respondent.
JOHNSON, Justice.[*]
We granted certiorari in this personal injury suit to determine whether the court of appeal properly reversed portions of the trial court's judgment. The appellate court reversed the trial court's assessment of liability placed on the defendants because it determined that there was no finding of "gross negligence". Additionally, the appellate court determined that the trial court erred in requiring plaintiff to recover a portion of his *1067 damages from the negligent inmate. For the reasons stated herein, we reinstate the trial court's ruling which holds the negligent parties jointly liable to plaintiff, but reassign the apportionment of fault. We affirm the holding of the appellate court that the Acadia Parish Sheriff's Office is relieved of any liability.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Denny Wayne Gibbs, an inmate serving a five year sentence with the Louisiana Department of Corrections was incarcerated at the Acadia Parish Detention Center from May 14, 1992 until November 19, 1992. Because he was considered a "model" prisoner, he was deemed eligible to become a trustee. At the request of Jarred A. Frey, Mayor of the Town of Iota, the Acadia Parish Sheriff assigned Gibbs to an inmate municipal work program where he worked for the Town of Iota. As a model prisoner, Gibbs allegedly posed no security risk.
However, all parties who considered Gibbs trustworthy were proven wrong. On October 19, 1992, while working for the Town of Iota, he temporarily re-gained his freedom when he decided to drive off in a town vehicle. While being pursued by law enforcement officials, Gibbs drove through the city of Jennings and struck a vehicle in which plaintiff, Keith W. Marceaux was a guest passenger. Gibbs was then taken back into custody and a sobriety test revealed that his blood alcohol level was 0.17.
On October 13, 1993, plaintiffs filed their petition for damages naming Gibbs, the Town of Iota, Robert Walker as Police Chief for the Town of Iota[1], Kenneth Goss as sheriff of Acadia Parish and Illinois National Insurance Company as the uninsured and/or underinsured provider for plaintiff. Evidence introduced at trial showed that Mayor Frey requested in writing that Sheriff Goss release five prisoners for use as a crew on a public works project. The Town of Iota's liability is established under La. R.S. 15:708. In pertinent part the statute provides:
"Whenever a prisoner sentenced to a parish prison of any parish of the state, by any court of competent jurisdiction, or a prisoner in a parish prison awaiting transfer to a state correctional facility shall be willing of his own will to perform manual labor by assisting the governing authority of any municipality to maintain the municipality in a safe and sanitary condition by cutting, destroying, or removing noxious weeds or grass or other deleterious, unhealthy, or noxious growths on any sidewalks banquettes and on any lot, place, or area within the municipality and the sheriff has approved the work, the sheriff may set the prisoner to work upon labor determined by the governing authority of the municipality to effectuate this purpose..."
See La. R.S. 708A(3)(a).
The letter dated November 5, 1991 clearly stated that the town would furnish security. This statute further provides that the sheriff shall establish written rules for the administration of the workday release program[2]. Mayor Frey testified that the sheriff informed him of the requirement that the prisoners be directly supervised by commissioned law enforcement officers. The mayor hired Lee Malone, a commissioned officer for that purpose.
In December, 1991, the mayor received a request from Chief Robert Walker to allow the city police to supervise the trustees. Chief Walker's request was denied. At the direction of the mayor, the trustees were placed under the department of public works which was headed by Isaac Cormier who was Mr. Malone's immediate supervisor.
In an effort to expand the workload being performed by the trustees, Mayor Frey and Mr. Cormier decided to split the trustees into two or even three groups. Under this revised plan, Lee Malone supervised one group while the other groups were supervised by various employees of the public works department. Besides Mr. Malone, no other party supervising the trustees was a commissioned police officer.
*1068 When he made his escape, Gibbs was being supervised by Joel Cart, an employee with the department of public works. Cart testified that he was never trained in supervision of prisoners and would often allow them to be as far as two blocks away, but that he almost always kept them in sight. He further testified that he had picked up the prisoners ten to twelve times and was never questioned by any employee at the Acadia Parish Detention Center.
Cart further testified that he had the prisoners cutting grass on the morning of the incident, and brought them to City Hall during their lunch break. At approximately 2:45 p.m., the prisoners were brought to the Town barn to return their equipment. Cart stated he left the keys in the ignition of the work vehicle because he expected to return the prisoners immediately to the Acadia Parish Detention Center. Thinking he could get an additional fifteen minutes of work out of his crew, he ordered the trustees to do some odd jobs which were performed out of his line of vision. During this interval, Cart engaged in conversation with Cormier and a town councilman. Minutes later, a city employee informed Cart that Gibbs had just driven off in his vehicle. Gibbs entered Interstate 10, sideswiped several vehicles and exited the highway as he entered Jennings, Louisiana. Gibbs' freedom lasted approximately fifteen minutes, because at 3:10 p.m. he ran a red light and struck the vehicle in which plaintiff was a guest passenger.
The record shows that Gibbs waived his right to appear at trial, and in lieu thereof, his deposition taken on May 4, 1995 was submitted into evidence. Gibbs testified that while Cart was not supervising him, he and another prisoner entered the volunteer fireman hut where they consumed several bottles of alcohol.
In a July 11, 1995 judgment, the trial court held Gibbs, Sheriff Goss and the Town of Iota responsible for plaintiff's injuries. Liability was allocated as follows: Gibbs at 30%; Sheriff Goss at 5%; and Town of Iota 65%. Plaintiff was awarded damages in the amount of $183,307.63 as follows:
Physical and mental pain and suffering
(past, present and future) $100,000.00
suffering (past, present and future)
Past medical expenses $ 56,787.63
Loss of past wages $ 26,520.00[3]
DISCUSSION
On appeal, the Third Circuit affirmed the award for damages, but reversed the trial court's allocation of comparative fault along with the finding of gross negligence on the part of Sheriff Goss. Marceaux v. Gibbs, 680 So. 2d 1189 (La.App. 3 Cir.1996). In reversing the trial court's determination of comparative fault, the appellate court found that plaintiff's injuries were sustained while Gibbs was still in the process of fleeing, and that plaintiff was not at fault. The court reasoned that the liability of the "tortfeasor" should be 100% and that the answerable custodian(s) should seek whatever legal remedies they have against Gibbs.
As authority the appellate court cited Ambrose v. New Orleans Police Dept. Amb. Serv., 639 So. 2d 216 (La.1994), when they reversed the trial court's assessment of liability on the part of Sheriff Goss. They opined that the trial court held Sheriff Goss liable for two reasons: (a) his knowledge of pending charges against Gibbs in two other parishes; and (b) his failure to insure that the Town of Iota utilized commissioned law enforcement personnel to pick up the trustees. The Third Circuit then concluded that the trial judge failed to define "gross negligence" and that under the facts of this case there was no gross negligence as required by Ambrose to hold the sheriff liable.
Finding that Mayor Frey agreed to have the inmates picked up and supervised by commissioned officers at all times, the appellate court concluded that the sheriff fulfilled any obligation incurred on his part. Also, it concluded that the sheriff's office was not required to detain Gibbs at the Acadia Parish Detention Center because the background check did not reveal a need to hold or detain him. Additionally, the appellate court held *1069 that Sheriff Goss was entitled to indemnification as per La. R.S. 15:708.
We granted this application because of the significance of two important issues. We will first discuss the question of whether the custodians of an inmate can be held liable for acts of ordinary negligence committed by an inmate during escape. Stated another way, does the public duty doctrine extend responsibility to custodians for acts involving ordinary negligence committed by an escapee during his escape. The other issue of concern involves whether the rule established in Veazey v. Elmwood Plantation Associates, Ltd., 650 So. 2d 712 (La.1994) that allows comparison of fault between intentional tortfeasors and negligent tortfeasor is applicable.
custodial liability
Wilson v. Department of Public Safety & Corrections, 576 So. 2d 490 (La.1991) allowed this court the first opportunity to set forth the test which should be applied when the victim of a crime committed by an escapee sues prison authorities for damages inflicted by the escaped prisoner. Wilson states that custodians of prisoners have a duty to manage the activities of their respective prisons in a manner such that the public is not exposed to an unreasonable risk of harm. The state is not the insurer of the safety of its citizens, therefore, this duty does not encompass all harm inflicted by an escapee. However, the operative intent of this duty is to protect the public from being harmed by escaping prisoners while in the process of their escape. In order to recover for injuries caused by an escaped prisoner, an injured plaintiff must prove the following:
(1) negligence on the part of the custodian in managing the facility;
(2) that this negligence facilitated the escape;
(3) that the escapee's actions caused the harm complained of; and,
(4) that the risk of harm encountered by the plaintiff falls within the scope of duty owed by the custodian.
Id. at 493.
In Wilson, Robert Downs was serving an eighteen-year sentence for armed robbery, when he along with two other inmates escaped from the Angola State Penitentiary on August 23, 1986. The escape was made possible by removing a cinder block located in one of the walls at the prison, and cutting through a fence located directly beneath an unmanned watch tower. Their escape was discovered within one hour and the authorities began a search which included parts of the state of Mississippi.
Nearly two weeks after the escape, plaintiffs Alvin Wilson and Ed Hilliard were confronted by Downs on September 5, 1986 while returning home. Plaintiffs were held at gunpoint and Wilson was ordered to relinquish the keys to his truck. They were then brought inside of their trailer and tied up with hangers while Downs took money, food and the vehicle.
Plaintiffs filed their action against the state contending that because of its negligence, they suffered personal injuries. The trial court rendered judgment in favor of the plaintiffs and awarded both plaintiffs damages because Downs' criminal acts were perpetrated during the course of an ongoing escape and were carried out to obtain money and transportation to complete the escape. Finding that plaintiffs' injuries, having occurred some thirteen days after the escape were too remote to fall within the scope of the duty owed to the public by prison custodians, the appellate court reversed the trial court's judgment. Upon writ of review, we found that the state was negligent in allowing the escape and reinstated the trial court's judgment.
The facts of this case leave no doubt that the lower courts were correct to conclude that the negligent supervision provided by the Town of Iota facilitated Gibbs' escape. Immediately prior to his escape, he was being supervised by a non-commissioned officer which was contrary to the requirements set forth by the sheriff's department. Cart's many acts of negligence, including his admission that he purposely left the keys in the ignition of the vehicle used in the escape, lead this court to find that the first two steps of the test enunciated in Wilson have been fulfilled. Additionally, we find that the third tier of the test has been met, because had *1070 Gibbs not escaped, plaintiff would not have suffered injury.
To determine the scope of duty owed by the custodians, the question which must be answered is whether the offense occurred during or as an integral part of the escape. Id. at 493.[4] Although the theft of Alvin Wilson's truck occurred some thirteen days after the inmates had escaped, it was a necessary and integral component of the escape process. The vehicle provided the instrument used by the inmates to elude authorities as they continued their escape. Likewise, the Town of Iota's vehicle used by Gibbs in his escape proved to be a necessary component and facilitated his flight from the authorities. Because Keith Marceaux's damages resulted from Gibbs' escape, we affirmatively answer the question of whether the risk of plaintiff's injuries was within the scope of duty Gibbs' custodians owed to the general public. Therefore, under our query of whether a custodian has a duty to protect the public from acts of ordinary negligence committed by an escapee, we find that custodians do have such a duty when all of the Wilson factors are present.
gross negligence
We now must decide if the appellate court erred when it reversed the trial court's conclusion that Sheriff Goss' gross negligence was a substantial factor which contributed to Gibbs' escape. The court of appeal concluded that the trial court failed to define the term "gross negligence" and reversed that portion of the judgment holding the sheriff's department 5% liable.[5] Instead, they granted the sheriff indemnification because his actions did not equate to gross negligence. The appellate court incorrectly concluded that the amendment to La.R.S. 15:708A(3)(c) did not apply. The amendment of this statute became effective on August 21, 1992, and was therefore binding on October 19, 1992, the date of the escape. The statute states, "No sheriff shall be liable for any loss sustained by any such prisoner, except for those caused by the gross negligence or intentional act of the sheriff or his deputies."
An appellate court should not set aside a trial court's or jury's findings of fact in the absence of manifest error or unless it is clearly wrong. Stobart v. State, 617 So. 2d 880 (La.1993); See also Rosell v. ESCO, 549 So. 2d 840 (La.1989). A reviewing court must do more than just review the evidence which supports or controverts the trial court's findings. It must review the entire record to determine whether the trial court's findings were clearly wrong or manifestly erroneous Stobart at 882.
Deferring to Ambrose, the appellate court concluded that the trial court failed to define what action on the part of the sheriff constituted "gross negligence". Further, the sheriff was absolved from liability because Mayor Frey assured the sheriff, prior to the Town of Iota using Gibbs in the municipal work program that the inmates would be picked up and supervised at all times by a commissioned officer. The record before us shows without question, that the truly responsible party for Gibbs' escape was the Town of Iota. If it were not for the negligent supervision of the prisoners participating in the municipal work program, Gibbs would not have been in a position to escape. Therefore, the appellate court was correct to reverse this patent error made by the trial court.
comparative fault
We next consider whether the appellate court erred by applying Veazey to the trial court's assessment of liability and holding that plaintiff was entitled to recover the full measure of his damages from Gibbs' custodians. We find this conclusion erroneous and reinstate the trial court's determination that the Town of Iota and Gibbs are jointly liable to plaintiff.
In Veazey, the plaintiff was a resident at defendant's apartment complex and was raped within her apartment. Her claim against the owners of the complex was based *1071 on a misrepresentation regarding the amount of security and the number of past criminal acts occurring at the complex, as well as inadequate security. A jury awarded the plaintiff damages against the complex due to its negligence and an appeal followed. Concerned as to the correctness of the appellate court's decision, we granted certiorari to determine whether the fault of an intentional tortfeasor and a negligent tortfeasor can be compared. While we found that our state's comparative fault law is broad enough in an appropriate factual setting to encompass the comparison of negligence and intentional torts, the facts of this case are clearly distinguishable because of the type of culpability involved.
Veazey entailed a thorough discussion of a comparison between a negligent tortfeasor and an individual who had committed an intentional act. Here, the actions which led to plaintiff's injuries were the result of simple negligence of both the Town of Iota and Gibbs. Therefore, Chief Judge Doucet of the Third Circuit Court of Appeal was correct when he noted that there is "no authority for finding that an automobile collision resulting from running a red light, even while intoxicated, is an intentional tort." Marceaux at 1194. Had Gibbs' actions equated to an intentional tort, reliance on Veazey would have been proper, but because this case involves two negligent tortfeasors, the appellate court erred in its conclusion that plaintiff should collect his total damage award from the Town of Iota. The facts of this case show that the trial court correctly held the negligent parties jointly liable to the plaintiff. However, we are further convinced that because Gibbs illegally consumed alcohol, stole a municipal automobile and operated it while heavily intoxicated, then collided with several vehicles before injuring plaintiff, the trial court clearly should have assigned the majority of liability to Gibbs. Therefore, under our rules of manifest error, we amend that portion of the trial judge's ruling and hold that Gibbs is 70% liable to the plaintiff.
DECREE
For the reasons assigned, the appellate court's decision is affirmed concerning the issue of gross negligence of the sheriff of Acadia Parish. However, their application of comparative fault is reversed with the trial court's assessment of liability amended to include 30% liability on the part of the Town of Iota, and 70% liability on the part of Gibbs.
Reversed in part; Amended in part; Affirmed in part.
LEMMON, J., concurs.
MARCUS, J., concurs and assigns reasons.
MARCUS, Justice (concurring).
Since plaintiff was injured by Gibbs while in the process of escaping in the town vehicle, I concur in finding the custodian liable. See my dissent in Wilson v. Dept. of Public Safety & Corr., 576 So. 2d 490 (La.1991). Accordingly, I respectfully concur.
ON APPLICATION FOR REHEARING
PER CURIAM.
Plaintiff's application for rehearing is granted in part.
In our original opinion, we held that the negligence of defendant Denny Gibbs and the negligence of defendant Town of Iota contributed to the causation of this accident. Based on the conclusion that both defendants were negligent tortfeasors, we erred in failing to correct that part of the judgment of the trial court that held these defendants jointly liable for plaintiff's damages.
Accordingly, we amend our judgment on original hearing to hold that defendant Denny Gibbs and defendant Town of Iota are solidarily liable for plaintiff's damages. La. Civ. Code art. 2324B. In all other respects, the application for rehearing is denied.
NOTES
[*] Pursuant to Rule IV, part 2 § 3, Justice Victory was not on panel.
[1] A motion for directed verdict was granted in favor of Chief Walker at the conclusion of plaintiff's case.
[2] La. R.S. 708 D(2) & (3).
[3] The original award for loss wages in the amount of $11, 960.00 was subsequently amended by the trial court on August 9, 1995.
[4] See also, Edwards v. State, 556 So. 2d 644 (La. App. 2d Cir.1990); LeBlanc v. State, Through Dept. of Corrections, 393 So. 2d 125 (La.App. 1st Cir.), writ denied, 394 So. 2d 1235 (La.1980); Reid v. State, Department of Corrections, 376 So. 2d 977 (La.App. 1st Cir.1979), writ denied, 380 So. 2d 71 (La.1980).
[5] See court of appeal's opinion at 1193.
| 27,145 |
https://github.com/mingdaocom/pd-openweb/blob/master/src/pages/Role/PortalCon/tabCon/portalComponent/SearchTels.jsx
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,023 |
pd-openweb
|
mingdaocom
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 154 | 527 |
import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import styled from 'styled-components';
import { connect } from 'react-redux';
import { bindActionCreators } from 'redux';
import * as actions from '../../redux/actions';
import { Icon, Dialog, Checkbox, LoadDiv } from 'ming-ui';
const Wrap = styled.div`
textarea {
padding: 12px 30px 12px 12px;
resize: none;
width: 432px;
height: 360px;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid #2196f3;
border-radius: 5px;
}
`;
function SearchTelsDialog(props) {
const { portal = {}, show, setShow, setTelFilters, getList } = props;
const [tels, setTels] = useState(portal.telFilters || '');
const onChange = value => {
setTels(value);
};
return (
<Dialog
className=""
width="480"
visible={show}
title={<span className="Font17 Bold">{_l('批量搜索手机号')}</span>}
okText={_l('确定')}
onCancel={() => {
setShow(false);
}}
onOk={() => {
setTelFilters(tels);
getList();
setShow(false);
}}
>
<Wrap>
<p className="Gray_9e pAll0 mBottom10">{_l('通过手机号批量搜索用户，每个手机号占一行')}</p>
<textarea onChange={e => onChange(e.target.value)} value={tels} />
</Wrap>
</Dialog>
);
}
const mapStateToProps = state => ({
portal: state.portal,
});
const mapDispatchToProps = dispatch => bindActionCreators(actions, dispatch);
export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(SearchTelsDialog);
| 15,294 |
https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%94
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
קולקטה
|
https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=קולקטה&action=history
|
Hebrew
|
Spoken
| 852 | 3,033 |
קוֹלְקׇטׇה (בבנגלית: কলকাতা, בהינדית: कोलकाता, באנגלית: Kolkata) היא הבירה והעיר הגדולה של מדינת מערב בנגל שבצפון-מזרח הודו. עד שנת 2000 נקראה העיר באנגלית כַּלכּוּתָה (Calcutta), והשם האנגלי שונה כדי לקרבו יותר לצורתו בבנגלית. מקור השם הוא באלה קאלי, הנחשבת ל.
שטחה של העיר הוא כ-200 קמ"ר, והמטרופולין שלה משתרע על פני קרוב ל-1,900 קמ"ר.
על פי מפקד האוכלוסין של 2011, בעיר עצמה התגוררו כ-4.5 מיליון בני אדם (העיר השביעית בגודלה בהודו) ובמטרופולין כ-14 מיליון (המטרופולין השלישי בגודלו במדינה). בקולקטה ישנן 828 נשים על כל 1,000 גברים; שיעור יודעי הקרוא וכתוב בעיר עומד על 81%, הרבה מעל לממוצע הארצי של הודו (59%). השפה הנפוצה בעיר היא בנגלית, אם כי שפות הודיות רבות אחרות מדוברות אף הן. בעיר תשע אוניברסיטאות ושוכן בה המוזיאון הגדול ביותר באסיה.
אוכלוסיית קולקטה היהודית הייתה כ-5,000 יהודים, אך ירדה לאחר עצמאות הודו והקמת מדינת ישראל ונכון לשנת 2013 נותרו בעיר כ-25 יהודים. בעיר פעל דפוס עברי ובין היתר הודפסו בו ספריו של מהרי"ץ.
היסטוריה
קולקטה היא עיר חדשה יחסית, בשנת 1686 עברו הסוחרים הבריטים בהנהגתו של ג'וב צרנוק משפך נהר הוּגְלִי, במעלה הנהר, אל שטח קולקטה של היום, בו שכנו שלושה כפרים קטנים: סוּטָנוּטִי, גוֹבִּינְדוֹפּוּר וקוֹלִיקָטָה, בשנת 1698 בנו להגנתם את מצודת ויליאם (על שם ויליאם השלישי), ומסביבה התחיל להתפתח יישוב עירוני קטן. במאה ה־18 הפכו הבריטים את העיר שבמחוז בנגל למרכז מסחרי חשוב, למורת רוחם של הנסיכים המקומיים. אלה עדיין שלטו ברבים מן המחוזות בהודו, ולא אהדו את הסוחרים בני ארצות שונות שהתחרו בניצול עושרה של מולדתם ובהשתלטות עליה.
בשנת 1756 ברח מבוקש הודי אל קולקטה. מושלה הבריטי של העיר סירב להסגירו לידי שליטה ההודי של בנגל, סיראג' אוד-דוֹאוּלה, מטעמים מדיניים, וזה בתגובה החליט לפתוח במתקפה. ב־20 ביוני אותה שנה כבש צבאו את המצודה. רוב הבריטים הצליחו להימלט, 146 מהשכירים ההודים של חברת הודו המזרחית הבריטית נשבו. השבויים נכלאו ב"חור השחור" של בית הסוהר שבמצודה, שלא היה אלא צינוק באורך 5.5 מטרים וברוחב 4.5 מטרים. כל הלילה נאבקו השבויים על מעט אוויר שנכנס משני חלונות קטנים. למחרת בבוקר הוצאו משם רק 23 אנשים חיים. שנה אחרי כן חזר רוברט קלייב וכבש את קולקטה.
בשנת 1757 אחרי שיושבו סכסוכים עם הנוואב של מורשידאבאד, הכריזו הבריטים על קולקטה כבירת הודו הבריטית, והיא נשארה כזו עד 1912 כאשר השלטון עבר לדלהי.
קולקטה סימלה בעבר יותר מכל עיר אחרת בהודו את העוני המקושר כל כך עם מדינה זו; בעיר זו התרכזה פעילותה של כלת פרס נובל לשלום, האם תרזה, אשר הקימה מרכזי עזרה רבים לעניי וחולי העיר. העיר נמצאת בתנופת פיתוח מרשימה והעוני צומצם בה בצורה ניכרת - אם כי רבבות רבות מתושבי העיר עדיין חיים ברחובות או בשכונות פחונים.
חינוך ותרבות
קולקטה נחשבת לבירת התרבות של הודו. לצד אמנים מפורסמים כדוגמת הסופרים ויקרם סת, אמיטב גוש וחתן פרס נובל לספרות רבינדרנת טאגור, אשר נולדו בעיר, קיימת בקולקטה תרבות אלטרנטיבית ענפה ביותר - חלקה בעל אופי פוליטי ומחתרתי. בעוד שמומבאי היא מרכזו של ז'אנר הבוליווד בקולנוע, הרי שבקולקטה נעשים יותר סרטים אמנותיים מבכל מקום אחר בהודו.
בקולקטה 9 אוניברסיטאות ומספר רב של מכללות. זהו המרכז האקדמי של מדינות צפון-מזרח הודו.
כלכלה
העיר מהווה מרכז חשוב של תעשייה, מסחר ובנקאות. בין המפעלים הרבים הממוקמים בעיר נמנה גם מפעל לייצור מכוניות שבמשך כ-60 שנים ייצר מכונית מדגם הינדוסטן אמבסדור שהוא אחד מסמלי הודו.
יהדות קולקטה
יהדות קולקטה נוסדה בסוף המאה השמונה עשרה (1798) בקוֹלְקׇטׇה, כאשר סוחרים מיהדות בגדאד (עיראק), ומיהדות חאלאב (סוריה) בחרו להתבסס לצמיתות בבירה המתהווה של הראג' הבריטי. הקהילה הפכה למרכז הפזורה המסחרית היהודית הבגדאדית דוברת ערבית יהודית באסיה. מייסד הקהילה היהודית בקולקטה הוא אהרן עובדיה הכהן, סוחר יהודי מחאלאב.
בתחילת המאה התשע-עשרה הקהילה היהודית בעיר גדלה במהירות. היא נבנתה בעיקר ממהגרים יהודים מבגדד ובמידה פחותה מיהודי חאלאב. מבחינה היסטורית הקהילה הונהגה על ידי אליטת סוחרים עשירה שסחרה בכותנה, יוטה, תבלינים ואופיום שנרכשו מהמשפחות היהודיות המובילות של בגדאד וחאלאב.
משפחות סוחרים, יהודיות בגדאדיות שהתגוררו בעיר נקשרו בקשרי נישואין או מסחר עם הקהילות היהודיות הבגדאדיות הקטנות יותר שסחרו ברחבי אסיה בערים יאנגון, סינגפור, הונג קונג ושנגחאי, כמו גם עם הקהילות היהודיות הגדולות יותר במומבאי ובמזרח התיכון.
במהלך סוף המאה התשע-עשרה הייתה קולקתה מרכז קהילתי קטן של יהדות בבל ועיראק לפני שהיהודים הבגדאדים החלו לעבור מזהות יהודית-ערבית/מזרחית לזהות יהודית בריטית בהנהגת הסוחרים ששון, עזרא, אליאס, גובאי, משפחות בליליוס ויהודה. בימי הזוהר של הקהילה, הסוחרים היהודים של קולקטה תמכו במספר רב של מוסדות דת וצדקה מובילים בארץ ישראל, לבנון ועיראק.
באמצע המאה העשרים, הקהילה היהודית הבגדאדית בעיר הגיעה לשיא של למעלה מ-6,000 חברים, בשעה שקהילות קטנות יותר נמלטו לעיר מהפלישות היפניות או מכליאות במהלך מלחמת העולם השנייה. לאחר עצמאות הודו בשנת 1947 נקודת השיא הזו התהפכה לירידה חדה במספרים. הקהילה היהודית היגרה מהעיר, בעיקר לאוסטרליה, קנדה, בריטניה, ישראל וארצות הברית. הגירה זו נבעה בעיקר ממאבקי הכח לחלוקת הודו, פירוק מערכת המסחר הקולוניאלית באסיה, ניתוק הסחר היסטורי שזרם בין המזרח התיכון לאסיה והקמת מדינת ישראל. המעטים שנותרו בעיר שמרו על זהותם היהודית-הודית, הגיעו לתפקידים בולטים בצבא, בפוליטיקה ובאמנות.
בתחילת המאה העשרים ואחת נותרו בעיר פחות מעשרים יהודים. בתי הכנסת שנותרו הפכו לאתרי מורשת נגישים שנוסדו על ידי יהודי עיראק בעיר. נכון לשנת 2023, המשפחות היהודיות הבגדאדיות העשירות נהנות מבולטות בתרבות ובתקשורת הבריטית.
קישורים חיצוניים
הנכסים ששווים מיליונים עוד שם - היהודים של קולקטה כבר לא
הערות שוליים
מערב בנגל: ערים
הודו: ערי נמל
הודו: ערי חוף
אסיה: ערי בירה לשעבר
המדינות והטריטוריות של הודו: ערי בירה
| 30,283 |
https://github.com/SMartinMedina/ProyectoIntegrador/blob/master/drive/pantallas/js/funciones.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
ProyectoIntegrador
|
SMartinMedina
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 57 | 322 |
var nodo;
var datos;
function cargar(id){
nodo=document.getElementById(id);
switch(id){
case 'especialidad':
multiselect(nodo,'espe','profesional');
break;
case 'profesional':
uniselect(nodo, 'profe','labelprofesional');
break;
case 'email':
uniselect(nodo, 'mail')
break;
}
}
function multiselect(nodo, oculto, destino,){
datos="";
var opciones= nodo.options;
for(var i=0;i<opciones.length; i++){
if(opciones[i].selected) {datos+=opciones[i].value};
}
document.getElementById(oculto).value=datos;
recibirPost("resp/".concat(datos,".html"),destino);
}
function uniselect(nodo, oculto, destino){
datos=nodo.value;
document.getElementById(oculto).value=datos;
recibirPost("resp/".concat(datos,".html"),destino);
}
function reiniciar(){
location.reload();
}
function enviarmail(){
location.replace('mail.html')
}
| 19,932 |
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayuntamiento%20de%20Ciudad%20Real
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Ayuntamiento de Ciudad Real
|
https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ayuntamiento de Ciudad Real&action=history
|
Spanish
|
Spoken
| 155 | 318 |
El Ayuntamiento de Ciudad Real es la institución que se encarga del gobierno de la ciudad y el municipio español de Ciudad Real, en Castilla-La Mancha.
El consistorio está presidido por el alcalde de Ciudad Real, que desde 1979 es elegido democráticamente por sufragio universal. Desde las elecciones municipales de 2023 la alcaldía está presidida por Francisco Cañizares Jiménez, del Partido Popular.
Casa consistorial
El actual edificio del Ayuntamiento, se encuentra en la plaza Mayor. Fue construido en 1976 por el arquitecto madrileño Fernando de Higueras, imitando los típicos ayuntamientos de los Países Bajos.
Administración
Alcaldes
Composición del pleno
Las siguientes tablas muestran los resultados de las cinco últimas elecciones municipales:
Alcalde electo: Francisco Gil-Ortega Rincón (PP).
Alcalde electo: Francisco Gil-Ortega Rincón (PP).
Alcalde electo: Rosa Romero Sánchez (PP).
Alcalde electo: Rosa Romero Sánchez (PP).
Alcalde electo: Pilar Zamora Bastante (PSOE).
Referencias
Enlaces externos
Sitio web del Ayuntamiento de Ciudad Real
Arquitectura de Ciudad Real
| 27,400 |
https://github.com/nekolr/d2-admin-fish/blob/master/src/views/modules/system/role-add-or-update.vue
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
d2-admin-fish
|
nekolr
|
Vue
|
Code
| 355 | 1,572 |
<template>
<el-dialog :visible.sync="visible" :title="!dataForm.id ? $t('add') : $t('update')" :close-on-click-modal="false" :close-on-press-escape="false">
<el-form :model="dataForm" :rules="dataRule" ref="dataForm" @keyup.enter.native="dataFormSubmitHandle()" label-width="120px">
<el-form-item prop="name" :label="$t('role.name')">
<el-input :disabled="isAdmin(dataForm.id)" v-model="dataForm.name" :placeholder="$t('role.name')"/>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item prop="description" :label="$t('role.description')">
<el-input v-model="dataForm.description" :placeholder="$t('role.description')"/>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item prop="sort" :label="$t('role.sort')">
<el-input-number v-model="dataForm.sort" controls-position="right" :min="0" :label="$t('role.sort')"/>
</el-form-item>
<el-row>
<el-col :span="12">
<el-form-item size="mini" :label="$t('role.menuList')">
<el-tree
:data="menuList"
:props="{ label: 'name', children: 'children', disabled: function(data, node) { return isAdmin() } }"
node-key="id"
ref="menuListTree"
accordion
show-checkbox>
</el-tree>
</el-form-item>
</el-col>
<el-col :span="12">
<el-form-item size="mini" :label="$t('role.permissionList')">
<el-tree
:data="permissionList"
:props="{ label: 'name', children: 'children', disabled: function(data, node) { return isAdmin() } }"
node-key="id"
ref="permissionListTree"
accordion
show-checkbox
check-strictly>
</el-tree>
</el-form-item>
</el-col>
</el-row>
</el-form>
<template slot="footer">
<el-button @click="visible = false">{{ $t('cancel') }}</el-button>
<el-button type="primary" @click="dataFormSubmitHandle()">{{ $t('confirm') }}</el-button>
</template>
</el-dialog>
</template>
<script>
export default {
data () {
return {
visible: false,
menuList: [],
permissionList: [],
dataForm: {
id: '',
name: '',
menus: [],
sort: 0,
permissions: [],
description: ''
}
}
},
computed: {
dataRule () {
return {
name: [
{ required: true, message: this.$t('validate.required'), trigger: 'blur' }
]
}
}
},
methods: {
init () {
this.visible = true
this.$nextTick(() => {
this.$refs['dataForm'].resetFields()
this.$refs.menuListTree.setCheckedKeys([])
this.$refs.permissionListTree.setCheckedKeys([])
Promise.all([
this.getMenuList(),
this.getPermissionList()
]).then(() => {
if (this.dataForm.id) {
this.getInfo()
}
})
})
},
// 获取菜单列表
getMenuList () {
return this.$axios.get('/api/menus').then(res => {
this.menuList = res
}).catch(() => {})
},
// 获取权限列表
getPermissionList () {
return this.$axios.get('/api/permissions').then(res => {
this.permissionList = res
}).catch(() => {})
},
// 获取信息
getInfo () {
this.$axios.get(`/api/roles/${this.dataForm.id}`).then(res => {
this.dataForm = {
...this.dataForm,
...res
}
this.dataForm.menus.forEach(item => this.$refs.menuListTree.setChecked(item, true))
this.dataForm.permissions.forEach(item => this.$refs.permissionListTree.setChecked(item, true))
}).catch(() => {})
},
// 表单提交
dataFormSubmitHandle () {
this.$refs['dataForm'].validate((valid) => {
if (!valid) {
return false
}
this.dataForm.menus = [
...this.$refs.menuListTree.getHalfCheckedKeys(),
...this.$refs.menuListTree.getCheckedKeys()
]
this.dataForm.permissions = this.$refs.permissionListTree.getCheckedKeys()
var tempMenuList = []
var tempPermissionList = []
this.dataForm.menus.forEach(e => tempMenuList.push({ id: e }))
this.dataForm.permissions.forEach(e => tempPermissionList.push({ id: e }))
this.dataForm.menus = tempMenuList
this.dataForm.permissions = tempPermissionList
this.$axios[!this.dataForm.id ? 'post' : 'put']('/api/roles', this.dataForm).then(res => {
this.$message({
message: this.$t('prompt.success'),
type: 'success',
duration: 500,
onClose: () => {
this.visible = false
this.$emit('refreshDataList')
}
})
}).catch(() => {})
})
},
// 判断是否是 ADMIN 角色
isAdmin () {
var self = this
if (self.dataForm.id === 1) {
return true
}
}
}
}
</script>
| 9,362 |
BXA16299000897J_1122_82
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Licence ouverte
| 2,016 |
GREFFE DU TRIBUNAL DE COMMERCE DE MONTAUBAN
|
BODACC
|
French
|
Semantic data
| 4,176 | 10,075 |
823 153 978
RCS
Montauban
BlueDrainTech
Société par actions simplifiée
BDT
BDT
Président : BREL Fabien
5000
EUR
1241
chemin
de Saint-Marc
82130
Piquecos
Création
Etablissement principal
Revente de biens existants et le développement et la commercialisation de nouveaux biens
1241
chemin
de Saint-Marc
82130
Piquecos
2016-10-19
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, C, D) suite à création d'un établissement principal
2016-10-01
790 102 610
RCS
Pau
LUYE
Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique
Zone Artisanale
64400
Orin
2016-03-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
531 090 348
RCS
Brive
SANI-SCIURE-ENVIRONNEMENT
Société à responsabilité limitée
9
boulevard
Pasteur
19160
Neuvic
2015-03-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
538 512 179
RCS
Saint-Brieuc
MILLET ARMOR
Société par actions simplifiée à associé unique
Zone Artisanale de Milhartz
22800
Lanfains
2014-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
L'EPI D'OR
Société à Responsabilité Limitée
BAUER Chrystine Isabelle nom d'usage : BEAUCLAIR n'est plus gérant. BAUER Chrystine Isabelle nom d'usage : BEAUCLAIR devient liquidateur.
443 839 048
RCS
Villefranche-Tarare
Dissolution de la société. Modification de l'administration.
520 938 994
RCS
Evry
INNOVATION GROUP SOLUTIONS
Société par actions simplifiée à associé unique
9
avenue
des Andes
91940
Les Ulis
2015-09-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
822 300 489
RCS
Strasbourg
SCI COUTET
Société civile immobilière
gérant, associé indéfiniment responsable : TEYCHENNE COUTET (Pascal)
1000
EUR
15
rue
de la Cité
67550
Vendenheim
Immatriculation d'une personne morale suite à création d'un établissement principal
Etablissement principal
construction acquisition aménagement mise en valeur administration exploitation par bail location de tous immeubles et droits immobiliers
15
rue
de la Cité
67550
Vendenheim
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, C, D) suite à création d'un établissement principal
2016-06-30
528 187 065
RCS
Strasbourg
STAR-PNEUS
S.A.R.L.U.
22,
rue
des Frères-Eberts
67100
Strasbourg
2014-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
ATELIER MOJO
Société par actions simplifiée
520 656 695
RCS
Paris
Création et réalisation en France ou à l'étranger, de menuiseries, d'agencements de tous types de décors, de stands d'événementiels, d'aménagements de studios dans l'audiovisuel, ainsi que la fabrication de tous types de meubles
26
rue
des Rigoles
75020
Paris
Jugement de clôture
Jugement de clôture pour insuffisance d'actif
2016-12-06
Jugement prononçant la clôture de la procédure de liquidation judiciaire pour insuffisance d'actif.
STOIAN
Maria
814 888 400
RCS
Chambery
achat et vente de véhicules d'occasion.
252
rue
Lucien Chiron
Chez Mme Coman Lucia
73000
Chambéry
Modification de l'adresse de l'établissement. Modification de la date de début d'activité..
2015-11-06
SARP GRANDS COMPTES
Société en nom collectif
Gérant non associé : EVEILLEAU Guy en fonction le 03 Mai 2013 ; Associé : SOCIETE D'ASSAINISSEMENT RATIONNEL ET DE POMPAGE en fonction le 03 Mai 2013 ; Associé : SARP SUD-OUEST en fonction le 03 Mai 2013 ; Associé : YVES MADELINE SA en fonction le 03 Mai 2013 ; Associé : SARP OUEST en fonction le 03 Mai 2013 ; Associé : SARP NORD en fonction le 03 Mai 2013 ; Associé : CURAGE INDUSTRIEL DE GONESSE en fonction le 03 Mai 2013 ; Associé : SARP CENTRE EST en fonction le 03 Mai 2013 ; Commissaire aux comptes suppléant : SALUSTRO REYDEL en fonction le 02 Juillet 2015 ; Commissaire aux comptes titulaire : KPMG S. A en fonction le 02 Juillet 2015 ; Associé : SARP MEDITERRANEE en fonction le 21 Décembre 2016
792 844 656
RCS
Nanterre
Modification de représentant..
493 231 062
RCS
Pontoise
LABORATOIRE YKTINEF
Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique
17
rue
Henri de France
95870
Bezons
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
IGUAL
Société par actions simplifiée
2743704.00
EUR
515 403 046
RCS
Roanne
Modification du capital..
364 200 345
RCS
Arras
VOYAGES BAUDART
Société à responsabilité limitée
141-147
avenue
de la République
62420
Billy-Montigny
2015-09-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
384 030 508
RCS
Bobigny
MUSIC HALL
Société à responsabilité limitée
57
avenue
de Chanzy
93320
Pavillons-sous-Bois
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
331 375 626
RCS
Clermont-Ferrand
BOMEIL DEVELOPPEMENT
Société par actions simplifiée
20
rue
Jules Verne - Zone Industrielle du Brezet
63100
Clermont-Ferrand
2015-12-31
Comptes consolidés et rapports
818 187 858
RCS
Lyon
LE DOMAINE VILLAROCHE
Société en Nom Collectif
Gérant : Sté par actions simplifiée CAPELLI PROMOTION. Associé en nom : Sté par actions simplifiée CAPELLI PROMOTION. Associé en nom : SA à conseil d'administration CAPELLI.
1000.00
EUR
2 bis
chemin
du Coulouvrier
69410
Champagne-au-Mont-d'Or
Acquisition sur la commune de REAU de parcelles de terrains, construction sur ces terrains de logements destinés à l'habitation. Activité de lotisseur
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, C, D) suite à création d'un établissement principal
2016-01-25
820 992 501
RCS
La Rochelle
SCI ID LAGORD
Société civile immobilière
Gérant, Associé indéfiniment responsable : BORDES Laurent, Christophe Gérant, Associé indéfiniment responsable : FERROU Benjamin
6000
EUR
5
rue
du Bois d'Huré
17140
Lagord
Création
Etablissement principal
acquisition de tous biens mobiliers et immobiliers tant en France qu'à l'étranger en pleine-propriété en nue-propriété ou en usufruit administration et gestion du patriloine social conclusion de baux ou toutes autres conventions d'occupation emprunt de tous les fonds nécessaires à ces objets et mise en place de toutes sûretés réelles ou autres garanties nécessaires aliénation des immeubles devenus inutiles à la société au moyen de vente échange ou apport en société
5
rue
du Bois d'Huré
17140
Lagord
2016-06-20
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, C, D) suite à création d'un établissement principal
2016-06-16
492 578 455
RCS
Rouen
ALF ASSUR'CONSEILS
Société à responsabilité limitée
64
boulevard
des Belges
76000
Rouen
2014-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
SARL AUDFLO
Société à Responsabilité Limitée
525 354 643
RCS
Foix
vente d'articles de puériculture et depôt vente
route
de Toulouse
09100
Pamiers
Avis de dépôt
Liste des créances nées après le jugement d'ouverture d'une procédure de liquidation judiciaire
8 juillet 2016
La liste des créances de l'article L 641-13 du code de commerce est déposée au greffe où tout intéressé peut contester cette liste devant le juge-commissaire dans le délai d'un mois à compter de la présente publication.
SARTHE TRANSPORTS
Société par actions simplifiée
803 711 787
RCS
Le Mans
Transports routiers de fret de proximité
139
rue
Etienne Falconet
72100
Le Mans
Jugement d'ouverture
Jugement d'ouverture d'une procédure de redressement judiciaire
12 janvier 2016
Jugement prononçant l'ouverture d'une procédure de redressement judiciaire , date de cessation des paiements le 01 Octobre 2015 , désignant mandataire judiciaire SELARL SARTHE MANDATAIRE prise en la personne de Maître BOUDEVIN 7, avenue François Mitterrand - Bureaux de l'Etoile - 72000 Le Mans . Les créances sont à déclarer, dans les deux mois de la présente publication, auprès du Mandataire Judiciaire ou sur le portail électronique à l'adresse https://www.creditors-services.com.
311 439 459
RCS
Paris
INSTITUT DE COMPTABILITE ET D'ANALYSE FINANCIERE
ICAF
Société à responsabilité limitée
32
boulevard
de Magenta
75010
Paris
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
AZUR INVESTISSEMENTS
Société par actions simplifiée
Directeur général : GERNOT Didier modification le 01 Juin 2015 Président : CLAPHINE en fonction le 01 Juin 2015 Commissaire aux comptes suppléant : DYNA AUDIT en fonction le 27 Juillet 2015 Commissaire aux comptes titulaire : BDO FRANCE - Léger et associés en fonction le 27 Juillet 2015 Directeur général : JOULEGA Aleftina en fonction le 25 Mai 2016
432 489 292
RCS
Versailles
Modification de représentant..
518 417 639
RCS
Grasse
AD CONCEPT
Société par actions simplifiée à associé unique
17
chemin
de la Louisiane
06650
Opio
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
804 645 513
RCS
Marseille
PINK UNICORN
Société par actions simplifiée à associé unique
37
avenue
Maréchal Foch
13004
Marseille
2014-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
809 018 575
RCS
Angers
EURL POUTR' INDUSTRIE
Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique
1
rue
de la Sellerie
Le Lion-d'Angers
49220
Lion-d'angers (le)
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
378 012 603
RCS
Tarascon
I R R I P R O S SARL
Société à responsabilité limitée
N° 605, route de Saint-Remy
13150
Tarascon sur Rhône
2015-09-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
326 093 887
RCS
Clermont-Ferrand
ETABLISSEMENTS PY ET FILS
Société à responsabilité limitée
70
avenue
du Midi - Zone Industrielle Sud
63800
Cournon-d'Auvergne
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
GEPS TECHNO
Société par actions simplifiée
1325639
EUR
532 828 407
RCS
Saint-Nazaire
27
boulevard
des Apprentis
44600
Saint-Nazaire
modification survenue sur le capital (augmentation)
449 571 132
RCS
Lorient
JARDIN & MAISON
Société à responsabilité limitée
109 B
avenue
de Kermario
56340
Carnac
2015-08-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
S.C.I. MEYNIE
S.C.I.
RCS non inscrit.
non précisée
6
rue
Daguerre
75014
Paris
Jugement d'ouverture
Jugement d'ouverture de liquidation judiciaire
21 janvier 2016
Jugement d'ouverture de liquidation judiciaire régime général ; date de cessation de paiement 1 décembre 2015 ; mandataire liquidateur : SELAS MCM & ASSOCIES prise en la personne de Maître CARRASSET-MARILLIER, mandataire, 96, rue de Rivoli, 75004 Paris, 75004 Paris ; les déclarations de créances sont à déposer dans un délai de deux mois suivant la présente publication auprès du mandataire liquidateur ; RG : 15/17384
821 878 865
RCS
Basse-Terre
PRESTACLIM
Société par actions simplifiée à associé unique
président : MONTOUT (Yoann, Alexis)
3000
EUR
20
allée
Loubon
97123
Baillif
Immatriculation d'une personne morale suite à création d'un établissement principal
Etablissement principal
installation réparation et entretien de systèmes de froid et de climatisation, vente et distribution de matériel et de fournitures de froid et de climatisation
20
allée
Loubon
97123
Baillif
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, C, D) suite à création d'un établissement principal
2016-08-03
510 038 888
RCS
Meaux
REFLEX'SIGNALISATION
Société à responsabilité limitée
2
allée
Jean de la Fontaine
77144
Chalifert
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
439 062 993
RCS
Lille Métropole
DU BOISSEAU
Société par actions simplifiée
rue
Auger
59166
Bousbecque
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
819 700 147
RCS
Clermont-Ferrand
LA CLE DU LAC
Société par actions simplifiée
Président : DUQUESNE Nathalie Directeur général : BASTIDE Eric
20000
EUR
Lac du Guery
63240
Le Mont-Dore
2016-04-14
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, D) sans activité
Cette société n'exerce aucune activité
438 604 431
RCS
Bourg-en-Bresse
HOMADA
Société à responsabilité limitée
Sous la Croze rue de l'Industrie
01360
Loyettes
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
449 425 362
RCS
Toulon
ABLOT VINCENT
Société par actions simplifiée
51
place
des Sarments
la Milhière
83110
Sanary-sur-Mer
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
434 317 293
RCS
Bobigny
VENTE- PRIVEE. COM
Société anonyme
249
avenue
du Président Wilson
93210
Saint-Denis
2014-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
479 507 113
RCS
Créteil
LIRONE
Société à responsabilité limitée à capital variable
33
boulevard
de la Marne
94210
La Varenne Saint-Hilaire
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
MAGNUS
Sylvie
épouse CHAGNOT
RCS non inscrit.
2
rue
des Serins
67100
Strasbourg
Jugement de clôture
Jugement de clôture pour insuffisance d'actif
14 décembre 2015
Jugement prononçant la clôture de la procédure pour insuffisance d'actif ; RG : 15/01318
499 770 865
RCS
Draguignan
C 2 I EXPERTISES
Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique
25
avenue
Lazare Carnot
83300
Draguignan
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
820 927 499
RCS
Cahors
Marie-Jeanne
Société civile immobilière
Gérant, Associé indéfiniment responsable : POUZARGUE Christophe
1000
EUR
4
place
de la Truffière
46700
Puy-l'Evêque
Création
Etablissement principal
Administration et gestion d'un ou plusieurs immeubles reçus en apport ou acquis par elle.
4
place
de la Truffière
46700
Puy-l'Evêque
2016-06-14
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, C, D) suite à création d'un établissement principal
2016-05-30
803 105 238
RCS
Paris
LFPI HOTELS AUGSBOURG
Société à responsabilité limitée (à associé unique)
24-26
rue
Ballu
75009
Paris
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
TOUS LES EDITEURS.COM
Société à responsabilité limitée
432 965 283
RCS
Paris
Création et développement d'un site internet prestations de services destines a favoriser l'accès des héberges a mettre en relations les héberges et les Accedants au site afin de développer les relations entre les éditeurs les héberges et les Accedants y compris par E.Commerce
8
rue
Jean-Pierre Timbaud
75011
Paris
Avis de dépôt
Liste des créances nées après le jugement d'ouverture d'une procédure de liquidation judiciaire
5 février 2016
La liste des créances de l'article L 641-13 du code de commerce est déposée au greffe où tout intéressé peut contester cette liste devant le juge-commissaire dans le délai d'un mois à compter de la présente publication.
520 118 126
RCS
Bourges
HECCO
Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique
23
rue
Porte Mutin
18200
Saint-Amand-Montrond
2016-03-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
DUILHE
Jean-Claude
448 334 961
RCS
Auch
Menuiserie bois et matieres plastiques
60
rue
Jean Jaurès
32500
Fleurance
Jugement de clôture
Jugement de clôture pour insuffisance d'actif
11 mars 2016
Jugement prononçant la clôture de la procédure de liquidation judiciaire pour insuffisance d'actif.
490 706 959
RCS
Toulouse
PREMIER CHAPITRE
Société à Responsabilité Limitée
318
route
d'Espagne
31100
Toulouse
2014-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
KOZA BAT
Société à Responsabilité Limitée
799 908 652
RCS
Lyon
rénovation intérieure et extérieure
33
rue
Louis Saillant
69120
Vaulx-en-Velin
Avis de dépôt
Dépôt de l'état des créances
23 juin 2016
L'état des créances est déposé au greffe où tout intéressé peut présenter réclamation devant le juge-commissaire dans le délai d'un mois à compter de la présente publication.
515 330 868
RCS
Nanterre
BECON ELECTRICITE
Société à responsabilité limitée
4
avenue
Severine
92400
Courbevoie
2014-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
SIRIUS CFL
Société à responsabilité limitée
BISTROT DE LA PAIX
Gérant : LEJEUNE Christian
752 046 037
RCS
La Rochelle
Modification survenue sur le nom commercial, l'administration
823 039 979
RCS
Paris
KENSINGTON 1
Société par actions simplifiée (à associé unique)
Président : BSPI MANAGEMENT SERVICES FRANCE SAS, Commissaire aux comptes titulaire : PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS AUDIT, Commissaire aux comptes suppléant : Georghiou, Jean-Christophe.
1000
EUR
78
avenue
Raymond Poincaré
75116
Paris
Création d'un fonds de commerce
Etablissement principal
Activités de marchand de biens.
78
avenue
Raymond Poincaré
75116
Paris
2016-10-11
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, C, D) suite à création d'un établissement principal
2016-10-07
538 414 392
RCS
Toulouse
AGP
Société à Responsabilité Limitée
146
avenue
des Etats Unis
Marché d'Intérêt National de Toulouse
31200
Toulouse
2015-09-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
431 511 260
RCS
Paris
MAXIME COIFFURE
MC
Société à responsabilité limitée
8
rue
des Favorites
75015
Paris
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
818 521 866
RCS
Créteil
SMS ANIMATION
Société par actions simplifiée à associé unique
Président : CAPCOM HOLDING Directeur général : ABDI Rachid Directeur général : SANDOVAL Angel Commissaire aux comptes titulaire : SFA STIRNWEISS FINCK ET ASSOCIES Commissaire aux comptes suppléant : STEINER Philippe
50000.00
EUR
1
villa
Bac
94200
Ivry-sur-Seine
Création d'un fonds de commerce
Etablissement principal
toutes formes d'actions commerciales, délégation de personnels, Consulting, conseil en management, marketing, formation, animation commerciale et services auprès des différentes organisations ou sociétés dans tous les domaines d'activités.
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, C, D) suite à création d'un établissement principal
2016-01-28
CHEZ HENG
Société à responsabilité limitée
353 913 924
RCS
Nice
24
rue
Assalit
06000
Nice
O
CAMBRONNE INVESTISSEMENTS
Société par actions simplifiée
2
EUR
modification du Liquidateur Vilaine, Gérard Lucien
504 523 580
RCS
Nantes
1
rue
des Orchidées
44880
Sautron
Dissolution de la société
Rizzoli Corriere della Sera MediaGroup S.p.A.
Société par actions d'un Etat membre de la CE ou partie à l'accord sur l'Espace économique européen
Responsable en France partant : Penitenti, Laura, modification du Responsable en France et à l'étranger Traverso, Luca
RCS MediaGroup S.p.A ou RCS S.p.A
750 149 601
RCS
Paris
ITALIE
modification survenue sur l'administration
MONLEAU
Claude
MONLEAU
349 997 163
RCS
Nîmes
rue
de l'Hôtel de Ville
30300
Vallabrègues
2016-12-31
512 773 656
RCS
Lille Métropole
KPMG AUDIT NORD
Société par actions simplifiée
159
avenue
de la Marne
59700
Marcq-en-Baroeul
2015-09-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
424 651 685
RCS
Bar-le-Duc
SARL A-S
Société à responsabilité limitée
Ferme de Popey
55000
Bar-le-Duc
2014-09-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
DNJ
Société Civile
FERAL Dominique Marcel Alfred nom d'usage : FERAL n'est plus gérant. BARRELET Isabelle Marie Paule nom d'usage : PROHIN devient gérant.
494 077 084
RCS
Nîmes
14
rue
de la Madeleine
30000
Nîmes
Nouveau siège. Modification de l'administration.
798 315 222
RCS
Chambery
CHEVALLIER
Karine
MISSSAVONSUCRE
Création d'un fonds de commerce
Etablissement principal
esthéticienne, soins de beautés en salon et hors salon, vente de produits diététiques, tisanes, produits d'entretien.
25
place
de l'Hôtel de Ville
73400
Ugine
Immatriculation d'une personne physique suite à création d'un établissement principal
2016-01-01
811 884 634
RCS
Paris
ZAVO
Société par actions simplifiée
21
rue
de Fécamp
75012
Paris
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
451 188 387
RCS
Compiegne
"AUDIOPROTHESE TATA"
Société à responsabilité limitée
170
rue
Émile Decourtray
60230
Chambly
2016-03-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
404 442 063
RCS
Lyon
A C I
Société par Actions Simplifiée
2
ALLÉE BARTHÉLÉMY THIMONNIER ZONE D'ACTIVITÉ NORD
69970
Chaponnay
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
501 148 316
RCS
Vannes
SEVEA
Société à responsabilité limitée
1
rue
Alain Gerbault
56000
Vannes
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
789 795 978
RCS
Lyon
FARESIN FRANCE
Société à Responsabilité Limitée
18
impasse
de la Balme
69800
Saint-Priest
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
SAS PROGEDIS
Société par actions simplifiée
793 937 699
RCS
Rodez
Commerce de détail de viandes et de produits à base de viande en magasin spécialisé
Bouvert
12800
Naucelle
Avis de dépôt
Dépôt de l'état des créances
17 octobre 2016
L'état des créances est déposé au greffe où tout intéressé peut présenter réclamation devant le juge-commissaire dans le délai d'un mois à compter de la présente publication.
TMIMI
Ibrahim
TMIMI
LA BOUTIQUE DU PÂTISSIER
812 963 056
RCS
Nîmes
Vente d'ustensiles de pâtisserie, lots en tous genres.
Modification de l'activité.
440 280 279
RCS
Alençon
SARL GUEDON - LECONTE - PEINTURE CRULAISIENNE
Société à responsabilité limitée
Le Bourg
61300
Crulai
2015-08-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
662 031 665
RCS
Créteil
SOCIETE MODERNE DE POSE ET FERMETURE SMPF
Société à responsabilité limitée
13
avenue
Aristide Briand
94360
Bry-sur-Marne
2015-03-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
503 469 678
RCS
Versailles
ACTIF MEDICAL
Société à responsabilité limitée
2bis
rue
Charles de Gaulle
78840
Freneuse
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
537 955 841
RCS
La Rochelle
DEPUCELLE
Antony, Maurice
ETS DEPUCELLE
Création
Etablissement principal
Multi-Services : Petits travaux, récupération fer et métaux (vente)
222
avenue
de la Beaucoursiere
17480
Le Château-d'oléron
2016-01-13
Immatriculation d'une personne physique suite à création d'un établissement principal
2011-11-11
793 576 521
RCS
Gap
EURL LE RESTAU'BUS
Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique
2
Hameau
de Saint Blaise
05100
Briançon
2016-09-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
ABC DELICE
Société à responsabilité limitée
8000
EUR
modification du Liquidateur Lin, nom d'usage : Tu, Jun
808 451 744
RCS
Paris
235
rue
de Bercy
75012
Paris
235
rue
de Bercy
75012
Paris
Cessation d'activité et dissolution de la société
2015-11-20
SCI DU 16, RUE VICTOR HUGO
Société civile immobilière
Gérant : BARBIER Bertrand, Paul, René
439 386 483
RCS
Nancy
16
rue
de Malzéville
54130
Dommartemont
16
rue
de Malzéville
54130
Dommartemont
Modification survenue sur l'administration et transfert du siège social, transfert de l'établissement principal
433 488 327
RCS
Montpellier
B-TO-B DESIGN SARL
Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique
Bureaux d'Alco, 298 rue d'Alco
34000
Montpellier
2015-09-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
442 916 185
RCS
Bordeaux
OCE (OMNIUM CONSTRUCTION ENTREPRISE)
Société à responsabilité limitée
38 Bis
rue
Saubotte
33540
Sauveterre-de-Guyenne
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
PELIKAN
Société à responsabilité limitée
489 685 206
RCS
Thonon-les-Bains
Activités des marchands de biens immobiliers
6
place
des arts
Chez Monsieur Claude Laval
74200
Thonon-les-Bains
Jugement d'ouverture
Jugement d'ouverture de liquidation judiciaire
2 septembre 2016
Jugement prononçant la liquidation judiciaire , date de cessation des paiements le 01 Janvier 2016, désignant liquidateur Maître Roger Chatel-Louroz 6, rue René blanc - BP 181 - 74101 Annemasse . Les créances sont à déclarer, dans les deux mois de la présente publication, auprès du liquidateur ou sur le portail électronique à l'adresse https://www.creditors-services.com.
804 917 979
RCS
Dieppe
COLAS PIERRE CONSULTING
Société à responsabilité limitée
1266
rue
Lecoufe
76440
Roncherolles-en-Bray
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
PELEIA 32
Société par actions simplifiée
Président : NASS EXPANSION (SAS)
812 699 106
RCS
Caen
12
rue
Martin Luther King
14280
Saint-Contest
12
rue
Martin Luther King
14280
Saint-Contest
Modification survenue sur l'administration et transfert du siège social, transfert de l'établissement principal
378 783 849
RCS
Strasbourg
S.N.C. ALSACE CEREALES
S.N.C.
37, route de Strasbourg
67860
Boofzheim
2015-06-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
478 844 178
RCS
Paris
TELNET CONSULTING
Société par actions simplifiée
33
avenue
de l'Opéra
75002
Paris
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
514 205 244
RCS
Nice
ANNOUR
Société à responsabilité limitée
38
boulevard
Gorbella
06100
Nice
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
SOCIETE MULLER ET REYES
Société à Responsabilité Limitée
REYES Jean-louis nom d'usage : REYES n'est plus gérant. REYES Christophe Jean Georges nom d'usage : REYES devient gérant.
327 205 910
RCS
Aubenas
Modification de l'administration.
LECORNEY
Georges, Louis
348 805 037
RCS
Draguignan
348 805 037
RM
83
Commerce de détail de viandes et de produits à base de viande en magasin spécialisé
26
rue
Michel Auclair
83440
Saint-Paul-en-Forêt
Jugement de clôture
Jugement de clôture pour insuffisance d'actif
12 juillet 2016
Jugement prononçant la clôture de la procédure de liquidation judiciaire pour insuffisance d'actif.
NUMSMO TECHNOLOGIES
SAS
840403.98
EUR
518 915 012
RCS
Pointe-à-Pitre
modification survenue sur le capital (augmentation)
2015-10-30
CG AUTOMOBILES
Société à responsabilité limitée
752 573 725
RCS
Nancy
123
route
de Blénod
54700
Maidières
O
820 344 836
RCS
Bordeaux
LITTLE WEB STUDIO
Société à responsabilité limitée
Gérant : GUILPIN Jeremy Gérant : MARROU Nicolas
1000.00
EUR
10
allée
de Fenelon
Parc d'Activité Fenelon
33370
Tresses
Création d'un fonds de commerce
Etablissement principal
l'activité de consultant en informatique et notamment la planification et la conception de systèmes informatiques intégrant les technologies du matériel, des logiciels et des communications; le conseil et l'assistance en systèmes et logiciels informatiques.
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, C, D) suite à création d'un établissement principal
2016-06-01
530 945 450
RCS
Bordeaux
LA SOURCE DU PAIN
Société à responsabilité limitée
32
route
de Bordeaux
33340
Lesparre-Médoc
2014-10-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
BIOSERENITY
Société par actions simplifiée
223124
EUR
nomination du Commissaire aux comptes titulaire : LISON CHOURAKI AUDIT, nomination du Commissaire aux comptes suppléant : Herenberg, Julien
799 995 782
RCS
Paris
47
boulevard
de l'Hôpital
Icm-Ipeps
75013
Paris
modification survenue sur l'administration
354 800 542
RCS
Nancy
BRASSERIE MEIRE ET CIE
Société à responsabilité limitée à associé unique
21
avenue
de Lattre de Tassigny
54670
Custines
2015-09-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
WOOD IMPORT
Société à responsabilité limitée
534 138 235
RCS
Bar-le-Duc
4
impasse
Mille Epines
55120
Nixéville-Blercourt
O
ANTILLES CLIMATISATION
SAS
818 504 029
RCS
Fort-de-France
modification survenue sur la dénomination
2016-10-01
794 320 218
RCS
Caen
CARROSSERIE DE BRETTEVILLE
Société à responsabilité limitée
5B
avenue
de la Voie au Coq
14760
Bretteville-sur-Odon
2015-06-30
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier ou deuxième alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
522 352 889
RCS
Lille Métropole
CRTB
Société à responsabilité limitée
30
rue
Victor Schoelcher
59251
Allennes-les-Marais
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
434 895 363
RCS
Marseille
DFE
Société à responsabilité limitée
Boulevard Bancal
Zac de la Valentine
13011
Marseille
2015-03-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
824 003 750
RCS
Paris
MK TEX
Société à responsabilité limitée
Gérant : Ozata, Mustafa
2000
EUR
144
rue
Saint-Denis
75002
Paris
Création d'un fonds de commerce
Etablissement principal
Achat, vente, fabrication de prêt à porter.
144
rue
Saint-Denis
75002
Paris
2016-11-28
Immatriculation d'une personne morale (B, C, D) suite à création d'un établissement principal
2016-11-23
481 468 965
RCS
Bordeaux
AUTRAN PHILIPPE
Société à responsabilité limitée
19
boulevard
Alfred Daney
33300
Bordeaux
2015-05-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
Les comptes annuels sont accompagnés d'une déclaration de confidentialité en application du premier alinéa de l'article L. 232-25.
448 602 334
RCS
Rennes
SARL BREIZH SERVICES FOUGERES
BSF
Société à responsabilité limitée
25
rue
de l'Yser
35300
Fougères
2015-12-31
Comptes annuels et rapports
| 43,442 |
https://github.com/RithishRamesh/CloneLibreTextKreut/blob/master/app/Rules/IsValidLatePolicyForCompletedScoringType.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
CloneLibreTextKreut
|
RithishRamesh
|
PHP
|
Code
| 93 | 240 |
<?php
namespace App\Rules;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Rule;
class IsValidLatePolicyForCompletedScoringType implements Rule
{
private $late_policy;
/**
* Create a new rule instance.
*
* @return void
*/
public function __construct($late_policy)
{
$this->late_policy = $late_policy;
}
/**
* Determine if the validation rule passes.
*
* @param string $attribute
* @param mixed $value
* @return bool
*/
public function passes($attribute, $value)
{
return $this->late_policy === 'not accepted';
}
/**
* Get the validation error message.
*
* @return string
*/
public function message()
{
return 'Complete/Incomplete assignments must have a late policy of not accepted.';
}
}
| 1,748 |
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empoasca%20consecta
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Empoasca consecta
|
https://war.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Empoasca consecta&action=history
|
Waray
|
Spoken
| 35 | 63 |
An Empoasca consecta in uska species han Insecta nga ginhulagway ni Ross hadton 1963. An Empoasca consecta in nahilalakip ha genus nga Empoasca, ngan familia nga Cicadellidae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.
Mga kasarigan
Empoasca
| 36,887 |
<urn:uuid:1579e919-b394-4254-8de4-e6f582111667>
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Various open data
| null |
https://www.centrepompidou.fr/en/ressources/oeuvre/cXrRG5
|
centrepompidou.fr
|
French
|
Spoken
| 10 | 31 |
golfnoir et blancphotogrammephotographie publicitairepublicitésportShow moreShow less
Image reference : 4N59053
| 11,480 |
https://github.com/novakge/project-parsers/blob/master/data/mmlibplus/Jall97_4.mm
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
project-parsers
|
novakge
|
Objective-C++
|
Code
| 2,036 | 4,172 |
jobs (incl. supersource/sink ): 52
RESOURCES
- renewable : 4 R
- nonrenewable : 4 N
- doubly constrained : 0 D
************************************************************************
PRECEDENCE RELATIONS:
jobnr. #modes #successors successors
1 1 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 13
2 3 8 36 27 26 24 22 19 14 10
3 3 6 26 22 17 16 12 10
4 3 9 36 33 31 26 25 24 22 20 18
5 3 5 36 29 26 22 10
6 3 7 36 35 33 25 20 19 15
7 3 6 36 30 26 25 24 14
8 3 8 36 34 33 30 29 26 24 19
9 3 6 31 25 24 23 21 20
10 3 6 35 33 31 30 25 18
11 3 5 35 25 24 21 20
12 3 9 38 36 35 34 32 31 30 29 25
13 3 7 34 32 31 30 29 28 22
14 3 9 39 38 37 34 33 32 31 29 28
15 3 8 39 38 34 32 31 30 29 28
16 3 2 24 21
17 3 9 51 50 42 38 36 35 34 32 30
18 3 3 51 32 21
19 3 7 49 39 38 37 32 31 28
20 3 6 51 39 38 34 30 28
21 3 6 49 39 38 37 34 28
22 3 10 51 50 49 46 45 44 42 39 38 37
23 3 6 50 48 46 37 35 29
24 3 6 51 50 47 44 37 32
25 3 8 51 50 49 47 45 44 41 39
26 3 6 49 48 47 41 39 35
27 3 3 49 34 32
28 3 6 50 48 46 44 43 42
29 3 5 49 44 42 41 40
30 3 4 49 46 44 37
31 3 6 51 48 46 45 44 43
32 3 5 48 46 45 41 40
33 3 4 50 48 44 41
34 3 3 45 44 43
35 3 3 45 44 43
36 3 3 46 45 43
37 3 2 41 40
38 3 2 47 40
39 3 1 40
40 3 1 43
41 3 1 43
42 3 1 47
43 3 1 52
44 3 1 52
45 3 1 52
46 3 1 52
47 3 1 52
48 3 1 52
49 3 1 52
50 3 1 52
51 3 1 52
52 1 0
************************************************************************
REQUESTS/DURATIONS
jobnr. mode dur R1 R2 R3 R4 N1 N2 N3 N4
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 13 3 4 4 1 23 22 12 16
2 14 2 3 4 1 17 19 11 10
3 23 1 3 3 1 14 18 5 6
3 1 11 5 2 4 2 21 28 5 15
2 14 4 2 2 1 18 20 3 14
3 22 4 2 1 1 14 11 1 14
4 1 12 2 1 2 1 20 15 28 18
2 27 2 1 2 1 19 8 26 18
3 28 2 1 2 1 18 6 25 13
5 1 21 3 4 2 1 20 28 16 11
2 23 3 3 2 1 19 25 14 7
3 25 2 2 1 1 14 19 11 7
6 1 5 4 2 1 4 19 23 17 27
2 7 4 2 1 3 19 21 9 24
3 30 3 1 1 2 18 9 9 24
7 1 17 4 3 5 5 18 28 27 16
2 19 4 2 4 3 14 27 11 16
3 27 4 1 3 3 12 26 7 13
8 1 14 4 4 5 4 10 24 10 28
2 16 2 3 5 4 7 17 9 20
3 22 2 1 5 4 6 5 4 13
9 1 5 4 4 1 4 27 24 18 26
2 12 3 3 1 4 24 19 13 20
3 21 1 3 1 3 22 12 9 18
10 1 6 5 5 2 3 15 26 17 13
2 19 4 4 2 3 13 25 17 10
3 29 4 3 2 2 13 23 16 9
11 1 10 2 4 4 4 23 25 16 7
2 13 1 4 3 3 22 24 12 3
3 23 1 3 1 3 21 24 10 2
12 1 5 4 1 5 5 18 23 12 13
2 12 3 1 5 4 18 22 11 12
3 21 2 1 5 2 14 18 6 12
13 1 2 3 4 2 3 24 22 19 17
2 12 3 3 1 2 15 19 17 16
3 23 3 3 1 2 12 19 16 11
14 1 8 1 4 4 4 23 24 15 22
2 26 1 2 2 4 16 12 12 15
3 27 1 2 2 4 8 9 10 10
15 1 2 5 4 2 3 18 14 12 11
2 7 4 3 2 3 18 12 8 10
3 12 3 3 2 3 16 9 8 9
16 1 13 5 5 4 5 19 19 22 18
2 14 3 4 4 4 11 18 14 15
3 18 3 3 2 3 4 15 10 14
17 1 15 5 3 3 5 29 29 29 18
2 16 3 3 3 3 27 28 26 18
3 20 2 2 3 3 24 27 26 17
18 1 7 3 2 4 3 13 13 11 28
2 19 3 1 3 2 9 12 9 25
3 26 3 1 2 2 1 11 8 23
19 1 7 4 5 2 4 20 16 22 9
2 17 3 3 2 2 17 16 16 5
3 26 3 2 2 1 4 15 7 2
20 1 5 3 3 4 5 22 2 22 21
2 13 2 2 2 2 14 2 10 19
3 28 1 2 2 2 12 2 10 17
21 1 10 5 1 4 2 27 27 24 22
2 24 5 1 4 2 27 23 20 18
3 30 5 1 3 2 25 20 15 8
22 1 5 1 2 4 2 22 14 16 27
2 11 1 1 4 2 17 10 16 15
3 25 1 1 3 2 9 4 15 3
23 1 9 4 1 5 3 22 20 17 9
2 12 4 1 3 3 20 15 12 6
3 24 3 1 3 3 19 10 12 3
24 1 20 5 3 3 4 19 23 15 22
2 24 4 3 3 3 12 17 12 17
3 29 3 3 3 3 5 17 10 11
25 1 8 3 4 3 4 16 20 22 19
2 12 3 3 3 3 12 9 17 15
3 24 3 3 2 3 12 6 8 7
26 1 12 4 5 4 1 10 14 23 24
2 18 4 2 3 1 6 11 16 20
3 22 4 1 3 1 6 9 9 18
27 1 5 3 5 2 4 24 25 25 24
2 14 2 4 1 4 19 21 23 21
3 20 2 3 1 4 14 5 20 17
28 1 1 5 5 4 2 24 25 25 8
2 2 4 5 3 2 16 22 25 8
3 10 3 5 2 2 13 17 25 7
29 1 8 4 4 4 4 17 13 18 24
2 14 3 3 4 4 14 11 10 21
3 23 3 1 4 4 9 6 9 20
30 1 15 5 3 3 4 15 22 14 15
2 16 5 2 3 3 7 17 10 15
3 27 5 2 3 2 5 13 4 13
31 1 11 3 4 3 1 20 22 29 24
2 15 3 3 3 1 16 20 26 21
3 22 3 3 3 1 15 18 21 13
32 1 7 4 4 4 5 24 7 7 3
2 24 3 4 4 4 23 7 6 2
3 30 2 4 4 4 21 7 6 1
33 1 2 4 3 5 3 19 25 13 24
2 16 3 3 2 3 10 25 8 13
3 18 3 3 2 3 5 25 5 7
34 1 1 2 3 1 5 20 14 19 18
2 14 2 3 1 3 15 8 18 13
3 25 2 3 1 2 9 4 17 8
35 1 14 5 3 4 4 22 26 7 16
2 16 4 3 4 4 22 12 5 12
3 17 4 3 3 4 21 2 4 7
36 1 4 3 4 1 5 18 13 25 21
2 9 2 3 1 4 15 11 21 19
3 15 2 1 1 4 10 10 16 16
37 1 11 4 3 2 1 8 14 29 30
2 23 4 3 1 1 6 14 24 29
3 28 4 3 1 1 3 12 19 29
38 1 3 4 3 2 1 22 29 11 24
2 5 3 3 2 1 20 29 8 24
3 18 3 3 2 1 13 28 8 24
39 1 7 2 4 4 4 12 23 21 21
2 10 1 3 2 3 11 20 17 19
3 29 1 2 2 2 9 13 12 15
40 1 9 4 2 4 5 17 11 4 10
2 20 2 2 3 4 14 10 4 10
3 24 2 2 3 3 12 6 1 10
41 1 6 5 4 1 3 17 26 23 9
2 20 5 3 1 2 14 16 23 6
3 28 5 1 1 1 13 13 22 4
42 1 14 4 2 1 5 26 29 23 20
2 15 4 2 1 2 23 26 18 12
3 20 4 1 1 1 21 24 17 7
43 1 14 2 3 3 3 12 29 19 24
2 15 2 2 3 2 9 26 18 20
3 23 2 1 2 2 6 23 12 15
44 1 14 5 2 4 4 27 19 24 23
2 19 4 2 3 3 23 19 20 18
3 22 4 2 3 3 18 19 13 9
45 1 8 4 4 5 3 21 26 8 10
2 17 2 4 5 3 14 24 7 10
3 22 1 2 5 2 6 24 5 10
46 1 10 4 3 3 5 16 18 21 26
2 11 3 3 1 5 13 12 19 26
3 18 2 3 1 5 10 7 18 22
47 1 1 4 1 1 4 8 25 17 25
2 13 4 1 1 4 8 17 13 25
3 28 4 1 1 4 3 11 11 25
48 1 7 5 2 2 3 21 28 19 2
2 8 3 2 1 1 11 28 18 2
3 9 3 2 1 1 3 26 18 2
49 1 9 3 3 4 2 16 18 24 14
2 18 3 3 4 1 14 17 24 11
3 23 3 2 2 1 3 16 16 11
50 1 6 5 3 5 2 24 25 23 28
2 8 3 1 4 2 23 21 19 26
3 26 3 1 4 2 23 14 18 23
51 1 3 2 5 3 5 6 15 26 16
2 6 1 3 2 5 5 14 14 15
3 29 1 2 1 5 4 13 9 13
52 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
************************************************************************
RESOURCE AVAILABILITIES
R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 N 1 N 2 N 3 N 4
27 26 29 29 682 787 675 688
************************************************************************
| 9,832 |
https://github.com/Sywooch/rekini/blob/master/common/models/client/ClientManager.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause
| 2,017 |
rekini
|
Sywooch
|
PHP
|
Code
| 179 | 497 |
<?php
namespace common\models\client;
use Yii;
use yii\helpers\ArrayHelper;
use common\models\client\ClientContact;
/**
* This is the model class for table "client_contact".
*
* @property integer $id
* @property integer $deleted
* @property integer $client_id
* @property string $first_name
* @property string $last_name
* @property string $phone
* @property string $email
* @property string $position_id
* @property integer $can_sign
* @property string $term_from
* @property string $term_till
* @property string $share
* @property integer $top_manager
*
* @property Client $client
* @property PersonPosition $position
*/
class ClientManager extends ClientContact
{
/**
* @inheritdoc
*/
public function rules()
{
$rules = parent::rules();
$rules = ArrayHelper::merge(
$rules,
[
[['top_manager'], 'integer'],
[['term_from', 'term_till'], 'safe'],
[['share'], 'number'],
]
);
return $rules;
}
/**
* @inheritdoc
*/
public static function modelTitle($n = 1, $translate = true)
{
return parent::label('client', 'Top manager|Top managers', $n, $translate);
}
/**
* @inheritdoc
*/
public function attributeLabels()
{
$labels = parent::attributeLabels();
$labels = ArrayHelper::merge(
$labels,
[
'term_from' => Yii::t('client', 'Term from'),
'term_till' => Yii::t('client', 'Term till'),
'share' => Yii::t('client', 'Share'),
'top_manager' => Yii::t('client', 'Is top manager'),
]
);
return $labels;
}
}
| 2,413 |
https://github.com/swapnilypatil1113/Swapnil_Proj/blob/master/fuel/app/views/locations/locnnview.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,012 |
Swapnil_Proj
|
swapnilypatil1113
|
PHP
|
Code
| 95 | 411 |
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Fuel PHP Framework</title>
<style type="text/css">
body { background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 10pt; color: #777777; line-height: 20px; margin: 40px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table align="center" width="700" cellpadding="5">
<tr>
<td><?php //echo $username;
error_reporting(NULL);
foreach($username[results] as $key1=>$component){
foreach($component as $key2=>$component1){
if($key2 == "name"){
$businessnm = $component1;
}
if($key2 == "vicinity"){
$businessaddr = $component1;
}
}
echo "<table style=\"background-color: #ababab;\"><tr><td>";
echo "<table width=\"500\">";
echo "<tr><td>".$businessnm."</td>";
echo "</tr></table>";
echo "</td></tr>";
echo "<tr><td>";
echo "<table width=\"500\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">";
echo "<tr><td>".$businessaddr."</td>";
echo "</tr></table>";
echo "</td></tr>";
echo "</table>";
echo "<br><br>";
}
?></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
| 40,939 |
US-96171701-A_1
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,001 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 5,455 | 6,729 |
Vehicle cross car beam
ABSTRACT
A plastic cross car beam for a motor vehicle that includes first and second members joined together at sealing points to form at least two ducts. The cross sectional shapes of the ducts are essentially constant along the length of the cross car beam and shaped to provide structural support for various types of loadings. Each duct is provided with at least one inlet, aligned with an HVAC assembly, and one outlet, aligned with a vent or register. Preferably a support member, which is integral with one of the members, extends downward from one of the ducts and supports an HVAC case. Also, preferably, the support member is provided with a pocket for receiving an energy absorbing bracket.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 09/265,745, filed on Mar. 9, 1999, and 09/608,569, filed on Jun. 30, 2000.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates in general to motor vehicles and in particular, to motor vehicle components. More particularly, the invention relates to cross car beams, ducts, and support brackets for motor vehicles.
[0003] A conventional motor vehicle has an engine compartment toward its forward end and a passenger compartment rearward of the engine compartment. A laterally extending partition, commonly referred to as a firewall, is disposed between the engine compartment and the passenger compartment. A plenum chamber extends laterally along an upper end of the firewall. A forward end of the plenum chamber is typically welded to the top of the firewall. Opposing lateral ends of the plenum chamber are attached to hinge pillars, often referred to as cowl sides, disposed along opposing sides of the motor vehicle toward a forward end of the passenger compartment.
[0004] The conventional motor vehicle also typically has a flange disposed toward a forward end of the plenum chamber. The flange is provided for supporting the windshield. A cross car beam extends between the cowl sides. Opposing lateral ends of the cross car beam are attached to the cowl sides. A conventional cross car beam is a closed steel chamber that increases the structural integrity of the vehicle, offering resistance to lateral impacts sustained along sides of the vehicle.
[0005] The conventional metal cross car beam is also strong enough to provide support for various components. Such components include a glove compartment, a radio, a tape deck or CD player, various storage pockets, an ashtray, a cigarette lighter or power outlet, and a coin receptacle. Also, typically, a steering column support bracket extends longitudinally between the plenum chamber and the cross car beam. A conventional steering column support bracket is typically 3 millimeters thick metal. A forward portion of the steering column support bracket is attached to the plenum chamber and a rearward portion of the steering column support bracket is attached to the cross car beam. The rearward portion further has mounted thereto a steering column.
[0006] Extending rearward of the cross car beam are laterally spaced energy absorbing (E/A) brackets which function to slow the occupants down and assist the seat belts when the motor vehicle sustains an impact.
[0007] Typically, disposed forwardly of the cross car beam is a duct. The duct functions to supply air to the passenger compartment. The duct usually has a supply inlet toward a forward end of the duct and a plurality of laterally spaced outlets toward the rearward end of the duct. The inlet is connected to the outlet of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) case. The outlets are connected to registers through which air is discharged into the vehicle. The registers are adjustable to allow passengers to control airflow from the duct. A second duct may extend parallel to and toward an upper end of the air supply duct. This duct functions as a demister to supply air to the windshield and the windows of the passenger compartment doors. The air may be supplied through upper and lateral ends of the demister duct to eliminate mist on the windshield and windows of the passenger compartment doors.
[0008] Conventional cross car beams, E/A brackets and steering column support brackets are made of steel. However, steel is an expensive material that is costly to form into anything but simple shapes. Moreover, it is relatively heavy. On the other hand, the ducts have conventionally been made of plastic, which is generally cheaper than steel and less costly to form complex shapes. However, plastics have traditionally lacked the structural integrity of steel and so have not been used for structural support in this area of the vehicle.
[0009] One proposed cross car member is formed of plastic parts connected to define vehicle air flow passages. The cross-sectional shape of the air flow passages through the cross beam change along the length of the cross-beam. Thus, the cross beam likely would not provide sufficient structural support against lateral impacts, as does the conventional steel beam. Also, the duct is not formed to support fore-aft and vertical loads needed for mounting vehicle components to the duct. Additionally,. when forming these assemblies, one needs to assure that they do not create undesirable noise (squeak and rattle) for the vehicle occupants.
[0010] Therefore, it is desirable to have a plastic cross car beam and duct assembly that can support lateral loads from a vehicle impact, as well as fore-aft and vertical loads from mounting components, that is formable into complex shapes to minimize the number of parts in an assembly and ease installation, while maintaining good air flow from a HVAC system, and also is formed to minimize any concerns with squeak and rattle being caused by the assembly.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The present invention is directed toward a cross car beam for a motor vehicle. The cross car beam comprises
[0012] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the cross beam extends between the door pillars of a vehicle. The cross beam is preferably formed of two molded parts having outer sealing edges and an intermediate sealing edge. The cross beam members are bonded together to provide at least two air flow passages.
[0013] A preferred cross sectional shape for each of the air flow passages is also disclosed.
[0014] Various objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detained description of the preferred embodiment, when read in light of the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015]FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view through a vehicle interior incorporating the present invention;
[0016]FIG. 2 is a front view of a schematic representation of the vehicle interior of FIG. 1;
[0017]FIG. 3 is a cross section along a plane parallel to the FIG. 1 view;
[0018]FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the inventive cross beam member;
[0019]FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view through the assembled view cross beam member;
[0020]FIG. 6 is a sectional view in elevation of a cross car beam according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
[0021]FIG. 7 is a reduced scale sectional view in elevation of the cross car beam shown in FIG. 6 supporting the HVAC case.
[0022]FIG. 8 is an exploded, reduced scale rear perspective view of a second member of the cross car beam and the HVAC case shown in FIG. 7;
[0023]FIG. 9 is an enlarged, partial rear perspective view of the second member shown in FIG. 8 with an enclosure for receiving an airbag canister;
[0024]FIG. 10 is an exploded, reduced-scale, rear perspective view of a cross car beam shown in FIG. 6;
[0025]FIG. 11 is a diagramatic representation in elevation of the HVAC case shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 secured to the tunnel of a motor vehicle;
[0026]FIG. 12 is a reduced-scale sectional view in elevation of the cross car beam shown in FIG. 6 and a steering column support bracket connected between the motor vehicle plenum chamber and the cross car beam;
[0027]FIG. 13 is an enlarged top perspective view of the steering column support bracket shown in FIG. 12, as viewed from the rear; and
[0028]FIG. 14 is a diagramatic representation of a section of the steering column support bracket shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 further showing a protrusion with a hole therein at the intersection of plastic ribs with plastic passing through and retained in the hole.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0029] In a first embodiment of the invention, FIG. 1 shows a vehicle interior 20 having an instrument panel 22 and a steering column 24. A housing 26 is mounted to a cross beam 27 defining a pair of hollow members, which are air flow passages 28 and 30, between two molded plastic parts 29 and 31. As shown, the two molded plastic parts 29 and 31 contact each other at sealing areas 32, 34 and 36 to define and seal the air flow passages 28 and 30. The parts 29 and 31 are preferably bonded together by vibration welding to assure a strong joint without creating squeak and rattle problems between the two parts 29, 31.
[0030] As shown in FIG. 2, the cross beam 27 is secured and extends between the vehicle door pillars 38 and 40. As known, vehicle door pillars are positioned forwardly of the vehicle doors in a vehicle cabin. The cross bean 27 extends between the door pillars and is shaped to provide rigidity against a lateral impact to the vehicle. Preferably, cross beam 27 is formed of a molded plastic having sufficient strength, such as engineering plastics.
[0031]FIG. 3 shows a view similar to FIG. 1, but further into the plane of the paper from the FIG. 1 plane. As shown, the cross-sectional shape of the air flow passages 28 and 30 is relatively constant from the FIG. 1 view. However, in the particular plane illustrated in FIG. 3, a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system 42 is attached into an opening 44 in the member 29. Thus, the system 42 can supply air to the vents between the passages 30 or 28. Further, an outlet 46 extends through the instrument panel 22 for delivering air through an opening 48 in the member 31. Other accessories 49 are mounted adjacent to the cross beam 27.
[0032] The cross-sectional shape of the passages 28 and 30 is chosen to be essentially constant along the entire length of the cross beam 27. There is some variation in the vicinity of the opening such as opening 44 and 48. However, over the majority of the length the cross-sectional shape is constant to maximize rigidity.
[0033]FIG. 4 shows an exploded view of the two portions 29 and 31. As can be appreciated, the air flow passages 50 and 52 extend for the great bulk of the length of the cross beam members 29, providing an essentially constant cross-sectional shape. The bolt areas 56 secure the combined members 29 and 31 to other structures in the vehicle, i.e., housing 26, etc.
[0034] A mounting area 54 is mounted adjacent one of the cross beam members and serves to provide a mount location for another structural member.
[0035]FIG. 5 shows a preferred cross-sectional shape for the passages 28 and 30. As shown, the members 29 and 31 define passage 28 which is essentially triangular, and formed of portions 58 extending outwardly of a sealing portion 64 to an inwardly extending outer portion 60. Inwardly extending outer portion 60 extends to a sealing outer portion 62. The other end of portion 64 extends to an outwardly extending portion 66 which extends through a portion 68 on an upper side, and to another portion 70 which extends to sealing portion 72. Portion 66 on the member 29 extends to a portion 67 which extends to portion 68, which is in turn extending into the portion 70 and sealing portion 72. The particular cross-sectional shape has structural benefits and good flow characteristics. Namely, that both sections are shaped to allow for large openings for air flow, while having shapes well suited for supporting fore-aft and vertical loadings. However, it should be understood that other cross-sections can be utilized.
[0036] A second embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 6-14. There is shown in FIG. 6 a sectional view of a cross car beam 110 for a motor vehicle. The cross car beam 110 is formed from two members 112, 114 joined together at sealing points 116, 118, 120.
[0037] The two members 112, 114 are sealed to form two chambers 122, 124. A first member 112 preferably comprises two separate laterally extending semi-cylindrical portions 126, 128. A laterally extending central or inner flange 130 is disposed between the semi-cylindrical portions 126, 128. The inner flange 130 is preferably formed integrally with the semi-cylindrical portions 126, 128 to join opposing inner edges of the semi-cylindrical portions 126, 128 together. Each semi-cylindrical portion 126, 128 has a free outer edge opposite its inner edge. Each outer edge supports a laterally extending outer flange 132, 134.
[0038] Similar to the first member 112, a second member 114 preferably comprises two separate laterally extending semi-cylindrical portions 136, 138. A laterally extending central or inner flange 140 is likewise disposed between these semi-cylindrical portions 136, 138. The inner flange 140 is preferably formed integrally with the semi-cylindrical portions 136, 138 to join opposing inner edges of the semi-cylindrical portions 136, 138 together. Like the first member 112 above, each semi-cylindrical portion 136, 138 of the second member 114 has a free outer edge opposite its inner edge. Each outer edge supports a laterally extending outer flange 142, 144.
[0039] The flanges form the sealing points 116, 118, 120 between the two members 112, 114. The flanges 130, 132, 134 of the first member 112 are arranged to align with the flanges 140, 142, 144 of the second member 114. The aligned flanges are preferably substantially planar and parallel to one another. The flanges are preferably sufficiently large enough to make good surface contact with one another.
[0040] The aligned flanges are joined together to form the two chambers 122, 124. The flanges may be joined together in any suitable fashion. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flanges are joined together by vibration welding. Upon welding the flanges together, a seal is produced. Also, since they are welded rather than bolted together, this substantially reduces the risk of creating squeak and rattle problems between these parts.
[0041] As shown in FIG. 7, each chamber 122, 124 is provided with at least one inlet 146, 147 and one or more outlets 148, 149. It is preferred that the chambers 122, 124 have a plurality of laterally spaced outlets. In addition, it is preferred that the lateral ends of one of the chambers 122 have outlets (not shown). The inlets 146, 147 are adapted to align with the outlet of a HVAC case 152. The outlets 148, 149 are adapted to be connected to vents or registers (not shown). One of the chambers 124 functions to supply air through the registers to the passenger compartment. The other chamber 122 functions as a demister to supply air through the vents or registers to the windshield and the windows of the passenger compartment doors. Air supplied to the passenger compartment may be heated or cooled as desired by the motor vehicle passengers. Air supplied to the windshield or windows facilitates in defrosting or demisting the windshield and windows. Air passing through the chambers 122, 124 may be controlled by passengers by controlling the HVAC case 152 via environmental controls (not shown). The quantity and direction of air passing through the registers may be controlled by the passengers by adjusting the registers.
[0042] A support member 154 preferably extends downward from one of the chambers 124. The support member 154 is preferably an integral part of one of the two members 112, 114 forming the cross car beam 110. The support member 154 functions to support the HVAC case 152 as well as other components, such as a passenger airbag, a glove compartment, an ash tray, a cigarette lighter or a power outlet, a radio storage pocket, and a coin receptacle, to name a few. This list is not an all inclusive list of components that may be supported by the support member 154 but rather is an illustrative list.
[0043] As is shown in FIG. 8, the support member 154 may include a recess 156 for receiving the HVAC case 152. The recess 156 is preferably centrally located between lateral ends of the support member 154. The recess 156 may be defined by an enclosure 158 that projects rearward from the support member 154. The enclosure 158 has a forward exposed opening for receiving the HVAC case 152.
[0044] The HVAC case 152 is provided with laterally opposed flanges 160. The flanges 160 are provided with aperture 161 that are adapted to align with apertures (not shown) in the support member 154. The aligned apertures are adapted to receive fasteners (not shown) for securing the HVAC case 152 to the support member 154.
[0045] Any suitable HVAC case 152 may be received by the HVAC case enclosure 158. It is preferred that the HVAC case 152 be provided with two laterally spaced inlets 162. A centrally disposed blower motor may drive laterally opposed dual cage fans that draw air from outside of, or within, the motor vehicle. The air may be passed through the HVAC case 152 to heat or cool the air. The air is discharged from the HVAC case outlets 164, 165 into the chamber inlets 146, 147 (shown in FIG. 7). The air passes through the chambers 122, 124 and is discharged through the chamber outlets 148, 149, 151 and further through the vents or registers as desired by the passengers. Certainly, the HVAC case 152 may be provided with an outlet for discharging air into the passenger compartment without passing the air through the chambers 122, 124 such as by discharging air near passengers' feet.
[0046] An opening 166 may be formed in the support member 154 to one side of the HVAC case enclosure 158. The opening 166 may be shaped and dimensioned to receive a glove compartment (not shown). The glove compartment is preferably insertable into the opening 166 so that it extends forward of the support member 154. The support member 154 is sufficiently structured to support a glove compartment door (not shown) adjacent the glove compartment. The glove compartment door may be fastened to the support member 154 in any suitable fashion.
[0047] The support member 154 may form a support surface or shelf 168 above the glove compartment opening 166. The shelf 168 may be adapted to support an airbag canister 170 (as can be seen in FIG. 9). In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the support member 154 forms an enclosure 172. This enclosure 172 defines a recess 174 for supporting the airbag canister 170. The enclosure 172 may be covered with a releasable panel (not shown) that encloses the airbag canister 170 in the enclosure 172. The panel may be released upon inflation of the airbag (not shown), which occurs in the event that the motor vehicle sustains an impact.
[0048] The support member 154 is preferably structured to provide support for vehicle components, such as the ash tray, cigarette lighter or power outlet, radio (none of which are shown), in a place within reach of a motor vehicle operator or passenger. A suitable location would be proximate the center of the support member 154, that is, between the lateral ends of the support member 154. Such components may be supported rearward of the HVAC case enclosure 158.
[0049] The support member 154 may form pockets or receptacles, or may define openings for receiving pockets or receptacles, in various locations. For example, an opening may be formed proximate the center of the support member 154 between the lateral ends for receiving an ashtray. A pocket may be formed or inserted in the same proximate location for storing sundry items. An opening may be provided in the same proximate location for supporting a cigarette lighter or power outlet. Of course, the motor vehicle would be provided with an interior panel, commonly referred to as a dash panel, which may be suitable for supporting various components exclusive of the support member 154.
[0050] In addition to the foregoing, the support member 154 may be provided with pockets 178 for receiving E/A brackets 180. The pockets 178 are preferably provided with forward exposed openings through which the E/A brackets 180 may be inserted. Pockets 178 are preferably formed toward the lateral ends of the support member 154 and adjacent opposing lateral ends of the HVAC case enclosure 158, thus providing four pockets 178 for supporting four separate E/A brackets 180. The support member 154 may be provided with apertures (not shown) that align with apertures in respective E/A brackets 180. The apertures are provided for receiving fasteners for securing the E/A brackets 180 within their respective pockets 178.
[0051] The E/A brackets 180 toward the lateral ends of the support member 154 each preferably includes one or more flanges 182 that extend laterally outward. The lateral ends of the first and second members 112, 114 of the cross car beam 110 also include flanges 184 (shown in FIG. 10), 186, 188 that extend laterally outward. The E/A bracket flanges 182, 184 align with the respective cross car member flanges 186, 188 of the first and second members 112, 114 of the cross car beam 110. The flanges 182, 184, 186, 188 are provided for securing the first and second members 112, 114 of the cross car beam 110 and the E/A brackets 180 to the opposing cowl sides of the motor vehicle. Apertures (not shown) may be provided in the flanges 182, 184, 186, 188 and in the cowl side for receiving fasteners (also not shown) for securing the cross car beam 110 and the E/A brackets 180 to the opposing cowl sides.
[0052] One of the central E/A brackets 180 is secured to the HVAC case 152 toward the passenger side of the passenger compartment. The other central E/A bracket 180 is secured to a brake pedal support bracket (not shown) located on the driver's side of the passenger compartment. This secures all four E/A brackets 180 in a substantially fixed position.
[0053] It should be noted that the flanges 182, 184, 186, 188 may support the cross car beam 110 in a desired orientation. For example, it may be desirable for the cross car beam 110 to be disposed at a particular angle, that is, to orient the demister chamber 122 forward relative to the air supply chamber 124, as shown.
[0054] To assist in supporting the cross car beam 110, the HVAC case 152, which is secured to the support member 154, may in turn be secured in a substantially fixed position relative to the motor vehicle. For example, motor vehicles are provided with a floor pan. A raised portion of the floor pan defines a tunnel for receiving the motor vehicle transmission and through which passes the motor vehicle drive shaft. Brackets 190 may be provided toward opposing lateral ends of the HVAC case 152. The brackets 190 may be provided with apertures (not shown) which align with apertures in the tunnel. The aligned apertures are adapted to receive fasteners for securing the HVAC case 152 to the tunnel T (shown in FIG. 13).
[0055] The cross car beam 110 is adapted to be used in combination with a steering column support bracket 192. In addition to the support provided by the flanges 182, 184, 186, 188 and the HVAC case 152, the cross car beam 110 may be secured in a substantially fixed position relative to the plenum chamber or cowl top C (shown in FIG. 11) by the steering column support bracket 192. The steering column support bracket 192 is preferably located toward the driver's side of the passenger compartment, that is, between the HVAC case enclosure 158 and the cowl side on the driver's side of the passenger compartment. A lateral end of the steering column support bracket 192 may also be provided with a flange 194. This flange 194 may align with a respective cross car beam member flange 186, 188 and a respective E/A bracket flange 182. The steering column support bracket 192 may be provided with apertures (shown in FIG. 12) that are adapted to align with the apertures in the cross car beam member flanges 186, 188 and the E/A bracket flange 182. The apertures are adapted to receive fasteners (not shown) for securing the aligned flanges 194, 186, 188, 182 to a respective cowl side of the motor vehicle.
[0056] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the steering column support bracket 192 is formed from metal 196, such as a steel stamping, with resin or plastic 198 molded over or encapsulating the metal 196. The plastic 198 encapsulating the metal 196 is webbed or ribbed. The plastic ribs 200 intersect one another to form intersections 202. The metal 196 is preferably provided with a depression or protrusion 204 at each intersection 202. Each protrusion 204 (shown in FIG. 14) is preferably provided with a hole 206. When encapsulating the metal 196, the plastic 198 passes through the hole 206. When the plastic 198 cools, it is retained in the hole 206, holding the plastic 198 tightly in contact with the metal 196. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, only one side of the metal 196 is encapsulated with plastic 198. However, both sides of the metal 196 may be encapsulated with plastic 198, thus encapsulating the entire metal 196.
[0057] When only one side of the metal 196 is encapsulated, the plastic preferably wraps about the peripheral edges of the metal 196, as indicated at 208. This further insures that the plastic ribs 200 maintain contact with the metal 196. The retention of the plastic 198 in the holes 206 in the protrusions 204 and the plastic wrapped about the peripheral edges of the metal 196 holds the plastic ribs 200 in a substantially fixed position relative to the metal 196.
[0058] The metal 196 preferably has a z-shaped construction defined by an upper forward leg 210, a central diagonally extending leg 212, and a lower rearward leg 214. The upper forward leg 210 is provided with apertures that are adapted to align with apertures in the cowl top. The aligned apertures are adapted to receive fasteners (also not shown) for fastening the steering column support bracket 192 to the cowl top. The central diagonally extending leg 212 is likewise provided with apertures. These apertures are adapted to align with apertures (not shown) in the support member 154 between the HVAC case enclosure 158 and the E/A bracket 180 on the driver's side of the passenger compartment. These apertures are adapted to receive fasteners (also not shown) for fastening the steering column support bracket 192 to the support member 154. The lower rearward leg 214 is also provided with apertures. These apertures are adapted to align with apertures (not shown) in a lower end of the support member 154 and in a U-shaped steering column clamp. These apertures are adapted to receive fasteners (not shown) for fastening the U-shaped clamp, the steering column support bracket 192, and the support member 154 together.
[0059] It may be desirable to provide bosses (not shown) on the support member 154, the HVAC case 152, the steering column support bracket 192, or other components where components are secured together. This may insure that that components are tightly secured in a fixed position relative to one another.
[0060] It is preferred that that members 112, 114 of the cross car beam 110 be formed from injection molded plastic. It should be understood that more than two ducts may be formed. The various inlets and outlets may be provided in locations other than those locations shown. The members 112, 114 of the cross car beam 110 may be provided with ribs to improve the structural integrity of the cross car beam 110. Likewise, the steering column support bracket ribs 200 may be strategically located to increase its structural integrity, and thus, achieve optimal load distribution. It is most preferred that the plastic used be a high performance styrenic, such as glass filled engineering resin. Glass filled Dylark, by Nova Chemicals Corporation, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, is a suitable plastic for use in carrying out the invention.
[0061] While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed. It should be understood that modifications of these embodiments would come within the scope of this invention. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention.
What is claimed is:
1. A cross beam for a vehicle comprising: a first member and a second member being formed of a plastic material and joined together forming sealing areas to define a first and a second air passage, with the first one of the air passages generally triangular in shape and adapted to be secured to and extend between vehicle sides, and with the first air passage having an essentially constant cross sectional shape along the majority of the length of the cross beam; a support extending from one of the members and being integral with the member from which the support extends, with the support having a first portion being adapted to receive and support a vehicle interior component.
2. The cross beam of claim 1 wherein the second air passage is adapted to extend between the vehicle sides and has a generally polygonal shape with more than three sides that is essentially constant along the majority of the length of the cross beam.
3. The cross beam of claim 1 where in the sealing areas are formed by vibration welding.
4. The cross beam of claim 1 wherein the support includes at least one pocket for receiving an energy absorbing bracket.
5. The cross beam of claim 1 wherein the first portion of the support is adapted to receive and support an HVAC case, and at least one of the first and second members includes an inlet adapted to align with an outlet in the HVAC case.
6. The cross beam of claim 5 wherein the support includes a second portion adapted for receiving and supporting a glove compartment.
7. The cross beam of claim 6 wherein the support includes a third portion adapted for receiving and supporting an airbag canister.
8. The cross beam of claim 7 wherein at least one of the first and second members includes a plurality of pockets, each adapted for receiving an energy absorbing bracket.
9. The cross beam of claim 1 wherein the first portion of the support is adapted to receive and support a glove compartment.
10. The cross beam of claim 1 wherein the first portion of the support is adapted to receive and support an air bag canister.
11. The cross beam of claim 1 wherein the sealing areas formed by the first and second members include two outer sealing areas, and an intermediate sealing area located between the first and the second air passages.
12. The cross beam of claim 1 wherein the first portion of the support is adapted to receive a steering column support bracket.
13. A cross beam for a vehicle comprising: a first member and a second member being formed of a plastic material and joined together forming sealing areas to define a first and a second air passage, with the first one of the air passages generally triangular in shape and adapted to be secured to and extend between vehicle sides, and with the first air passage having an essentially constant cross sectional shape along the majority of the length of the cross beam; a support extending from one of the members and being integral with the member from which the support extends, with the support having a first portion being adapted to receive an energy absorbing bracket.
14. The cross beam of claim 13 wherein the sealing areas are formed by vibration welding.
15. The cross beam of claim 13 wherein the support includes a second portion adapted to receive an HVAC case.
16. The cross beam of claim 13 wherein the second air passage is adapted to extend between the vehicle sides and has a generally polygonal shape with more than three sides that is essentially constant along the majority of the length of the cross beam..
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https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovill
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
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Bovill
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https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bovill&action=history
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Italian
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Spoken
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Bovill è una città (city) degli Stati Uniti d'America, situata nella contea di Latah, nello Stato dell'Idaho.
Note
Altri progetti
Collegamenti esterni
Comuni dell'Idaho
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https://github.com/michael-hampton/tamtamcrm/blob/master/app/Components/Payment/Gateways/Stripe/BaseStripe.php
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
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tamtamcrm
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michael-hampton
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PHP
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Code
| 11 | 55 |
<?php
namespace App\Components\Payment\Gateways\Stripe;
use App\Components\Payment\Gateways\BasePaymentGateway;
class BaseStripe extends BasePaymentGateway
{
}
| 40,408 |
HBH/1890/HBH_18901015/MM_01/0003.xml_1
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NewZealand-PD-Newspapers
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
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None
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None
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English
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Spoken
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HAWKES'S BAY JOCKEY CLUB'S SPRING MEETING, 1892. The following nominations were received last night for the hawkes' bay guineas, Of 250 soys; 1 mile. Mr J. Paul's eh f, by Natator— Last Chance Mr W. Slnton's b c Sunnydale, by General Thornton— Virginia Water Mr W. Sinfon's en c Ksca, by Gladiator— Marie Antoinette Mr A, Thomas' eh f Valeric, by Gladiator— Lou: Mr G. Hunter's b t Mjsti?, by Wonderland— Mystery Mr J7l>. Oimond'a b f, by Premier— Gabriel Captain Russell's b f, by St. George— Leonora Captain Russell's b f, by Stoneyhurst— Xaiie Ferguson Mr S. H. Qollan's b o, by Forerunner— Forest Queen s ( Mr H, Horsford's b r, by Cadogan— Caprice Mr H; Horetotd's b c, by Cadogan— Miss Russley Mr H. Horaford's b c, by Cadogan— Miss Russley Mr H. Horaford's b c, by Albany— Helens' Mr H. Horsford's b c, by Cadogan— Maritana Mr H. Horsford's b f, by Cadogan— Maritana Mr H. Horsford's b f, by by Ascot— Parera Mr W. O. Webb's b c, by Burlington - Veno Mr W. Wilson's b t, by Ascot— Caller nerrin' Mr W. Wilson's b t, by Porl-Sissle Major George's b g, by Nelson— Florence Major George's b f, by Nelson— Tonambra r- Major George's b f, by Nelson— The Maid Mr W: Billingham's b c, by Turquoise — Sovlla Poo. O. M'Lean's eh 0, by Le Loup— Lady Emma flon G. M'Lean's eh 0, by Le Lonp— Indol ence Hon. G. M 'Lean's cb t, by Gorton— Mountain Hon. Q. M'Lean's b c, by Gorton— Mountain Hon. Q. M'Lean's b c, by Rubezahl— Malice Messrs Baker and Co.'s b c Rangitira, by Somnus— Fugitive Messrs Baker and Co.'s b c Rangitira, by Somnus— Wairareko Mr W, Black's b c Retribution, by Derringer — Nemesis Mr A. Parson.) eh o. Bernico, by Daniel O'Kortce- Dressmaker lit T. Morrin's b c by Leolinus-Maid of Athol Mr T. Morrin's b c, by Woolbroker-The Jilt Mr T. Morrin's b c, by Nordenfeldt— Frailty Mr T. Morrin's b c, by Nordenfeldt— Alba tross Mr T. PER PRESS ASSOCIATION.— COPYRIGHT. (Received October 14. 10:30 a.m.l Melbourne, Tuesday. The following are the acceptances for the CAULFIELD CUP. Sir William Cartington - Richelieu The Serf Singapore Pygmalion Oaklelßh Ernani Churchill Whimbrel Marvel Loyalist Chintz linyaistono Sinecure Rich Ruby Tarcoola Vengeance Tourbillon Freedom Xjeopsld Pingara Botnwell Knnc The Jebuslte Plenty Don Glovan Little Bernte Swing Maggie G'Narco Ivy TRAINING NOTES AND BETTING. PER PRESS ASSOCIATION.— COPYRIGHT. Received October 14. 12:25 p.m.) Melbourne, Tuesday. At Fleminglon this morning Rich Ruby beat Richelieu over a mile and a half, in 2min 48 sec. Megaphone had a good mile and a half gallop, and covered the middle mile in 1min 49 sec. Tarcoola was sent round the sand track, and put eleven furlongs behind him in 2min 33 sec, the last mile occupying 1min 50 sec. The colt finished Strongly. Titan romped home in front of Sir William and Prince Consort, traversing the sand track in 2min 32 sec, thus making his running in the Canfield Guineas on Saturday simply inexplicable. Gibraltar and Papua went round the Band track in 2min 38sec, and The Lavyer and Despised covered a similar distance in the same time. Leopold- executed a clinking gallop at Caulfield yesterday morning, his time for the mile and a half being 2min 44sec. Chaldean has been knocked back to 100 to 3 for the CAULFIELD CUP. Field. Cup, and it is supposed that he is being kept for the Melbourne Cup. Marvel has arrived at Flemington. (Received October 11, 9:50 p.m.) Owing to the bookmakers being away at the Mentone races, betting on the Canfield meeting is limited. The Jebusite has been well backed for the Canfield Cup at 100 to 0 (taken and wanted). BOWLING. The bowling green was pretty well patronized yesterday, and several matches were played in the afternoon. Sides for a scratch match were chosen later on by the president (Mr P. Dinwiddie) and Mr Gny, which resulted in the president winning by 5)7 points to 80. The following were the scores and players: — Uinwiddie's Team. No. 1 Rink. No. 1 Rink. F. W. Collins "I Jago 1 Beecham J-39 Large j-22 Morrison (skip) J Hodgson (skip) J No. 2 Rink. No. 2 Rink. Evans "1 Crerar 1 Bevans J-29 J. Sidey {-35 Gilberd (skip) j Hitchings (skip) J No. 3 Kink. No. 3 Kink. Wnndram "J Sonth *V C. H. Edwards I J. Dinwiddie I „.. Balfour \99 Grandy [ v P. Dinwiddie Guy (skip) ) (akip). J 97, -80 DIOCESAN SYNOD. The third session of the eleventh Synod of the Diocese of Waiapa was opened yesterday by service in the Cathedral. At 11 a.m. Holy Communion was administered by the Bishop, who gave a short address. At 4 o'clock the Synod assembled in St. John's school 4ptem. present — The Bishop of Waiapa (president). Dean Hovel, Archdeacons W. L. Williams and S. Williams; Canons St. Hill, Fox, and Webb; the Revs. J.C. Eccles, F. E. T. Simcox, K. Robertshaw, J. Hobbs, F. H. Spencer, O. Dean, C. L. Tuke, W. Welsh, J. D. Knipe, C. Jordan, J. Parklson, and A. E. Williams; Captain Freece, and Messrs S. B. Fielder, E. Webb, F. W. Williams, A. St. Hill, H. Twigg, R. P. Williams, W. Ellison, K. C. Pasley, J. Bradley, T. K. Newton, and T. Tanner. Apologies for absence were read from the Heva, T. J. Wills, G. Matsoaell, W. W. Goodyear, H. W. Williams, E. Jennings J. Towns and (through sickness). Colonel Dewell, V.C., and Captain H. Keh, li.N. The Bishop declared the Synod daily constituted. Prayer was then offered, and the Bishop delivered the following ADDRESS. My Brethren of the Clergy and Laity,.—The year that has elapsed since we last met in Synod has not been without events of special interest in matters ecclesiastical. The first of these which must Be mentioned, as relating to the whole Provincial Church, is the dispute that arose with regard to the Primacy. My address to the Synod last year referred to the election, at the then recent session of the General Synod, of the Right Key, the Bishop of Wellington to the dignified and responsible office of Primate, as a matter of congratulation to the whole Church over which he had been called to preside. Certain objections, however, were subsequently raised to the validity of the solemn act of the Synod, on the ground that at the time of the election the Most Rev. Bishop Harper had not actually voided the office, but had only intimated his intention of resigning. In a question of such importance, affectim? the validity of the official act of the Primate elect, it was judged to be the wisest course to hold a special session of the General Synod to remove all doubts and contentions with regard to the election. The Bishop of Wellington accordingly resigned the office of Primate, which he had been elected, and all right and title thereto; and the Bishop of Nelson, as senior Bishop, convened the special session, which was held at Wellington on April 23rd, 1859. The General, thus specially convened, re-affirmed the choice it had already made at its ordinary session at Dunedin in February of the previous year, and the Right Rev. Octavius Hadfield was for the second time elected to the office of Primate, Distressing as were some of the incidents of the contention; which was thus happily ended, the dispute, however, untoward, cannot be regarded as an unwise evil. It served to awaken a very general interest in the constitution of our Church; the discussions in the public press diffused information on the subject to a wide circle of readers; and the solution of the question, as finally arrived at, was a demonstration of the remedy provided in the constitution and canons for any oversight or omission in our proceedings. A machine which should be automatic in the rectification of its own irregularities would justly be considered a very admirable piece of mechanism; and on this ground the highest praise must be accorded to the framers of the constitution of the Church of the Province of New Zealand as a strictly autonomous or self-governing ecclesiastical body, able to settle its own affairs without having recourse to any extraneous authority. Advantage was taken of the assembling of the General Synod in special session, to confirm the election to the See of Christ church of the Venerable Churchill Julius, M.A., lately Archdeacon. acon of Rill. It was my privilege to take part in the solemn and deeply interesting function of his consecration in the Cathedral of Circe church, on the feast of St. Philip and St. James, May 1st — a service of peculiar interest from the presence as part of the consecration of his predecessor in the Senate. Turning now to matters more immediately concerning our own diocese, I have to record the installation at a special service in the Cathedral on October 9th, 1889, of members of the Chapter appointed at our last session. Another of the canonries has recently been filled by the appointment of the Rev. Anthony Bpurr Webb, M.A., to the office of Precentor. At the service this evening he, along with the two Archdeacons who were not present on the previous occasion, will be installed. Periodical meetings of the Chapter have been held during the year, when various questions affecting the diocese at large, and the use of the Cathedral for diocesan purposes, have been considered. The business transacted has been chiefly of a preliminary character, with a view to settling the lines on which the work of the Chapter shall proceed. But I cannot forego this opportunity of gratefully acknowledging the value and assistance I have received from the members of the Chapter, who, one and all, have taken the liveliest interest in its proceedings, and given their hearty cooperation in promoting its objects. The development of the work of the Chapter in such directions as were indicated in my address to the Synod in 1888 must be of gradual growth, but I have already felt the advantage of having in this council of advice the sympathy and ready cooperation of those who by their experience and devotion to the highest interests of the Church are so well fitted to strengthen their bishop's hands in the extension and consolidation of the Church. The development of the work of the Chapter in such directions as were indicated in my address to the Synod in 1888 must be of gradual growth, but I have already felt the advantage of having in this council of advice the sympathy and ready cooperation of those who by their experience and devotion to the highest interests of the Church are so well fitted to strengthen their bishop's hands in the extension and consolidation of the Church." Of seeing something of the spiritual life in many parishes in England, can fail to notice the wide extent to which parochial missions have influenced the whole Church. Not re stricted to any one party, or ' school of thought,' this method of from time to time reviving religious impression", of awakening the careless, and of stirring up to greater zeal the devout, has been used ami with marked result?. Dm inn the few month? of my sojourn in England *t preached (generally on behalf of foreign missions) in parishes both in towu and country, and in few, if any, did I fail to hear of such parochial missions having been held, and of the good results that had followed. The tide of religious fepl ing had then been at the flood, and if it had since ebbed it had yet left its mark et blessed'and abiding memory in the reli gions experience of many, and not without having made a permanent lodgement of divine truth in some hearts, never to be displaced. Frequently it seemed that the whole level of the parish had been raised, stagnation being succeeded by spiritual lite, and the various activities of life. " Can we say," I ventured to ndd, " that these efforts and methods which experience has proved efficacious in the Church at Home are not needed here? On the contrary, is it not most badly true that in the circumstances of colonial life the deadening influences upon religion are incessant and most oppressive, and that we can only hope to counteract them by persistent and special eflort "! A mission preacher of proved spiritual power and equipped with the expetience to be gained in this special work would seem to be ranch needed : and if attached to the Mother Church of the diocese, with the larger portion of his time and strength available for any parish in which his help as a missionary was desired, the evange list would have ample scope to make full proof of his ministry." The thoughts to which I gave expression in these remarks were revived, and received a particular diredion, when I learnt in the early part of this year that the Rev. Charies C. Grubb, a well known mission preacher whose acquaintance I had made at Colombo on my voyage to England in 188S, while he was holding a mission there, was about to make a brief visit to Australia and New Zealand after re visiting India and Ceylon. Finding it would still be possible for him to spare time before his departure to fulfill an engagement at Capetown, I consulted with the Dean as to the practicality of holding a mission in the Cathedral, and although the time for preparation was short, yet encouraged by the Dean's hearty concurrence and sympathy in the proposal, I communicated with the mission preacher, who most readily and generously promised to give us the week still at his disposal. I had hoped that Gisborne might also have been included in the programme, but that was found not practicable owing to other engagements already formed in the Dio cese of Nelson. And thus in the providence of God was brought about the remarkable series of evangelistic services which from the 6th to the 13th of June drew eager crowds to the Cathedral night after night, and filled this room with deeply interested worshippers at the various meetings for prayer and edification in Christian doctrines during the eight days of the continuance of the mission. I praise the Lord for that time of refreshing, and for all that His servant the mission preacher, and his devoted companions, were enabled to accomplish during their brief sojourn amongst us. My feelings of gratitude to them for their work and labor of love, and of deepest thanksgiving to the Master, whose they are and whom they serve, are shared, I have reason to know, by many in this community. May the good Lord "give the increase" abundantly to the "pious seed" sown! A true revival of spiritual life in the Church will assuredly lead to renewed and quickened interest, in a wider extension of the blessings of the Gospel, and in the establishment of the Redeemer's kingdom upon earth. Missionary zeal should extend, as at the first planting of Christianity, in ever-widening circles. Dedence of God, lies nearest to us. And we whose lot is cast in this new land of our adoption ought to recognize that our first mission is to the aboriginal people of New Zealand, on the partial evangelization of whom, indeed, the colonization of the country closely followed, and this, in a great measure, as an effect on its cause. The conversion of the Moor is, as a people, even more general than it can now be reckoned. The first Bishop of New Zealand, George Augustus Belwyn, himself a man of Apostolic spirit, thus described the scenes he witnessed on his arrival in 1876— "Christ has blessed the work of his ministers in a wonderful manner. We see here a whole nation of pagans converted to the faith. God has given anew heart and a new spirit to thousands after thousands of our fellow-creatures in this distant quarter of the earth. A few faithful men, by the power of the spirit of God, have been the instruments of adding another Christian people to the family of God. Another Christian Church has arisen here, in the midst of one of the fiercest and most bloody nations that ever lived to bear witness to the power of sin over the heart of unregenerated man." Such was the fair aspect of the Maori Church in the zeal of her first love. Alas that the bright morning that dawned upon the land at the rising of the Sun of Righteousness with healing in his wings, should have been so soon overcast with the dark cloud of strife and war, with all the evils they brought in their train. And now we have seen the church "By schisms rent asunder, by heresies des- I trest," some of these herpsies so wide a departure from the faith as to amount to a virtual renouncement of Christianity, though, strange to say, the Maori Bible, and even the book of common prayer, are to some extent used in these newly in vented services. These heretical developments are now restricted to pertain dis tricts and tribes — in the diocese of Waiapu mainly to the Uriwera and to parts of the Bay of Plenty. The main body of the Maoris in this diocese are loyal adherents to the Church of England. That we are able to report of many who had declined from the faith, that they have been restored by God's mercy and his blessing on the poor. The mere band of His missionary usages, still laboring in the field, ought to encourage us to put forth fresh endeavors; to pray to the Lord of the harvest to send more laborers into fields already whitening, and to supply in no grudging or penurious spirit the means required for their support. I should be sorry to see the interest taken by the English wigregations in their Maori fellowship by the fractional annual contribution in the annual offertory for Maori missions. And yet one must admit it is a practical test, and I can only account for the fewness and smallness of these offerings by assuming that a very general ignorance prevails of their necessity. In my address to the Synod of 1883, I explained the arrangement which that year had been entered into by the Church Missionary Society (which originated missionary work in New Zealand) for devolving on a local board the future management of the mission. The board consists of the three bishops of the North Island, three clergymen, three laymen, and a secretary, Archdeacon W, L. Williams. The funds at its disposal consist of the income derived from certain lands in New Zealand held in trust, by the society for missionary objects, and an annual grant of £1000 to be diminished by £50 a year and to cease at the expiration of 20 years from the above date. The total amount for the cure In the year 1883, the salaries of the missionaries on the society list in 1883 continue to be paid from Home, but all additional missionaries since engaged by the board are dependent on the funds at its disposal. The 27 Maori clergymen now laboring in the North Island receive an augmentation of their modest stipends from the same source, and the fund is still further chargeable with the main tenance of the Maori Theological College at (isborue, which fulfills the important part of training native catechists and ministers for the whole of the North Island. The object aimed at by the society iv this new arrangement was that the Colonial Church might gradually assume the whole responsibility of foster ing and extending her work. Although the plan has now been seven years in operation, I regret to say this expectation, so far as regards the calling out the liberality of the Knglish portion of our Church in behalf of the mission, has been very imperfectly fnlfilled. In the letter I am about to read from the society a fresh appeal is made with reference' to the strictly missionary work which still re mains to be done amongst those tribes that have lapsed from the Christian faith. The letter is addressed to the secretary of the New Zealand Board, and is as follow* :— " London, February 10, 1890. Dear Sir, — Archdeacons Clarke and Wil liams, whose accounts of the work in New Zealand greatly interested the committee, lavo made a request for a special &rant for strictly evangelistic purposes for the reclamation of the Hauhaus and followers of Te Whiti and Te Kooti, with an ex planation in dptail of the circumstances which restrict the operations of the board With reduced means. The committee who specially deal with New Zealand ques tions had the henelit of Archdeacon Clarke's presence when the question came before them. The committee have now decided that under the arrangement with the New Zealand Hoard they would not be justified in making an uncondi tional grant for work which they think should be carried on with such aid as can bi> obtained locally from friends in the colony who are interested in the evangel isation of the Maoris, but they are willing under the circumstances, with the object, of calling forth the local help which ought to be forthcomiug, to make a special grant, not exceeding £100 per nnunm for two years, for strictly evangel istic purposes, with the object of reclaim ing the lapsed Maoris, to whom access is apparently now obtainable, on the condi tion that the equivalent of the sum claimed shall be raised locally towards the same object, payment by the society being dependent on the sum applied for under this decision having been actually raised. — Yours very faithfully, Ch. C. Vusx, Sec. My earnest hope is that this challenge from the Society which, under God, has done so much for the Church in New Zealand, may prove a response far exceeding the amount to which the Society, in view of the pressing claims of the heathen world, has had to restric, its offer. I must add for our encouragement a few facts regarding the growth and con solidation of the native portion of the Church in our own diocese which have marked the past year. Last Christmas Day I had the satisfaction of dedicating under the name of the Church of the Holy Nativity, a newly-erected building in the Tan po district, the coat of which had been defrayed by the people themselves. A large assemblage had come together from various parts of the country to do honor to the occasion, and to testify by their presence their return to the Christian faith. Some months later a still larger gathering was witnessed at Poverty Bay, in the immediate neighborhood of the old Mission Station of Whakato, a few miles from the modern town of Gisborne. Whakato was the scene of the early labors of Bishop Williams in that district, which he was the first to evangelize. In 1863, not long before the breaking out of the native war, an immense church was erected at Whakato. The building in its architecture was conformed to the native style, the walls consisting of huire curved slabs, and the roof-tree being supported by richly carved pillars of immense size and solidity. At the dedication of this Church a collection amounting to £332, nearly the whole of which was from the Maoris, was made as the nucleus of a bishopric endowment fund. was, however, partially repaired so as to admit of my holding within its spacious area my first ordination of Maori clergymen in 1878. Subsequently, on my suggestion at a meeting of the Native Church Board that it should undergo a thorough restoration so that it might remain as a memorial of their beloved Bishop Williams, the idea was heartily taken up, a large sum of money was raised by the natives of the East Coast, and the entire reconstruction was decided on. A site was chosen more conveniently situated as regards the present population, and a really handsome church was built, from designs furnished by an English architect. The interesting Maori carvings, however, have been retained, skillfully introduced as a suitable decoration of the interior. To signalize the re-dedication of the new structure a great meeting was arranged, and it was made the occasion of a united session of the three Native Church Boards of the diocese, namely Tauranga, the East Coast (or Waiapu), and Hawke's Bay. At the dedicatory service on Sunday, March 2nd, 115 partook of the Holy Communion. In the afternoon a large number of candidates were confirmed. On the two following days most interesting meetings were held of the united Church Boards, and our hearts were filled with thankfulness at the unanimity and concord that prevailed amongst the gathering of the representatives of many tribes who at one time had been estranged from each other and from the common faith in which they are happily re-united. A smaller, but not less significant, meeting was presided over by me last Whitsuntide at Maketu, in the Bay of Plenty, a district on which the scourge of war fell more disastrously, perhaps, than in any other part of the island. At this meeting there were representatives from the slowly recovering church of the Opotiki district — the scene of the barbarous murder, under the impulse of a wave of fierce fanaticism, of the devoted missionary Viilkner. On September 26th, 1811, a large number of delegates were present. Intelligent laymen, delegated by the various parishes in which they had been elected. The proceedings were of the most orderly and business-like character. Various useful measures were brought forward and discussed for the better organization of the church. To a sum of £50 already collected for the erection of a parsonage, five guineas were added at the meeting; and a like sum collected towards the cost of maintenance of students at the Gisborno Seminary - an earnest of a more general contribution for the same object. Nor can I omit to mention a contribution of £4 15a from one fasting in Fawke's Bay towards the expense of printing the Maori Bible with references. This was handed in by the lay representative of the village as a free will offering to the noble British and foreign Bible Society in recognition of their having generously undertaken the work at the earnest request of the Maori Church. A resolution was passed that this example should be imitated in other places. My brethren, I feel I need make no apology for recording these instances of the liberality of our Maori fellow churchmen. Kathei do I hope that we may be stimulated by their example to imitate their liberality - in a degree commensurate with our larger opportunities. This was a subject which I brought before you last year in pursuance of a resolution passed at the General Synod. The standing committee was instructed by your vote to take the matter into earnest consideration, and formulated a scheme which I laid before the parishes and parochial districts of the diocese by means of a pastoral letter last December. I grieve to say that except in the district of Hastings practically nothing has been done. The deficiency in the diocesan fund was never so serious as in the financial year ending 30th June, and consequently the promised grants to several districts have not been fully paid. The organization proposed by the standing committee was of the simplest and most elastic character. It only needed to be taken up by a few earnest workers in each parish under the guidance of the natural leader in all good works, the clergyman himself to be at once set on foot. It is true that this intervention of the clergyman has been objected to. It has been said that he could not be expected to take any part in the work of the church. In promoting a scheme in which he is constantly involved, but merely this is not a case in which any further or sundry other motives being imputed should be allowed to interfere with the book to discharge a plain duty, so clearly defined and enforced by divine and apostolic precept. The clergyman organizing such a parochial association as was proposed by the second floor committee would have had nothing to do directly with the collecting of money, or the custody of it. He was simply naked, as trustee for the interests of the Church, to put in motion the machinery by which the necessary step for Church work were to be obtained. With the stipends of several of our hard-worked country clergy falling hopelessly into arrears, and promised grants remaining unpaid for lack of funds, it is no time to hold back from appealing to the Church's sons and daughters for money to do the Church's work, out of a morbid dread of being thought to be actuated by self-interest. However, it is for the Synod to consider whether it will confirm or annul the plan recommended by the standing committee. As I said last year, I repeat it now, I am not wedded to any particular plan; Vint any plan would be better than tone. If some improvement is not soon brought about in the financial position of the diocesan fund, grants will have to be withdrawn from several of the most necessitous districts, and the work abandoned, or greatly curtailed. I cannot conclude this address without some reference to the question of over whelming interest at the present time — the social difficulty in which we are plunged through the strained relations of capital and labor. This is a question by which the Church, as embracing all classes of rich and poor, in the very terms of her commission, cannot but be profoundly affected. The new reformation for which Christendom seems to wait may be to some extent a reaction from a too exclusive individualism, and may bring with it wider sympathies and higher aims— resting in nothing short of the realization of God's good tidings "Peace on earth, good will towards man." I will give you two words far better than any I could frame some thoughts which may serve to connect even our humble work in this council of this portion of the Church to which we belong with some of those larger issues to which we may hopefully look forward. "Does the world need the witness of the Church's life less now than in past ages? Less? Nay, for many reasons more. The widening opportunities of intercourse are open ing up new nations, whose existence has only been suspected before; they are bringing the various parts of humankind into a closer touch with each other. The more complicated a piece of machinery is, the more difficult it is to keep it in order, so small a defect may throw the whole out of gear. The more complicated a piece of machinery is, the more difficult it is to keep it in order, so small a defect may throw the whole out of gear. The more complicated a piece of machinery is, the more difficult it is to keep it in order, so small a defect may throw the whole out of gear. The more complicated a piece of machinery is, the more difficult it is to keep it in order, so small a defect may throw the whole out of gear. The more complicated a piece of machinery is, the more difficult it is to keep it in order, so small a defect may throw the whole out of gear. The more complicated a piece of machinery is, the more difficult it is to keep it in order, so small a defect may throw the whole out of gear. The more complicated a piece of machinery is, the more difficult it is to keep it in order, so small a defect may throw the whole out of gear. The more complicated a piece of machinery is, the more difficult it is to keep it in order, so small a defect may throw the whole out of gear. The more complicated a piece of machinery is, the more difficult it is to keep it in order, so small a defect may throw the whole out of gear. The more complicated a piece of machinery is, the more difficult it is to keep it in order, so small a defect may throw the whole out of gear. The more complicated a piece of machinery is, the more difficult it is to keep it in order, so small a defect may throw the whole out of gear. and poor alike, which shall make both; which shall make both a real visible brotherhood amid all external inequalities; which shall teach the poor the dignity of labor wrought for the good of the whole society, and teach the rich the duty and the blessing of the consecration of their wealth. With the wider use of machinery and the restlessness rush, of money - getting, it is important that there should be the appeal of the Church that no man or woman shall be degraded into a mere machine; because each is a living soul, capable of a pure life, capable of a knowledge of God. Over against the divisions of race and continent the Church raises still its witness to the possibility of a universal brotherhood; over against despair and dismission it speaks of faith and the unity of knowledge; over against pessimism it lifts up a perpetual Eucharist. Animated by this belief let us, beloved brethren, still seek in all our Church work to be faithful witnesses for Christ and the Gospel. "In quietness and confidence shall be your strength." "For the work of righteousness shall be peace; and the fleet of righteousness, quietness, and assurance for ever." A vote of thanks was accorded to the president for his address, and leave granted for it to be printed. OFFICERS, 1878. The Rev. C. L. Tuke was appointed clerical secretary, Mr J. H. Fielder lay secretary, and Mr T. Tanner chairman of committee. The hours of sitting were fixed from 4 p.m. with an adjournment at 6 p.m. till 7:30. The Bishop submitted the following names for a sessional committee on parochial returns and accounts, and the Synod concurred: — Archdeacon W. J. Williams, Canon St. Hill, Rev. C. Jordan, and A. F. Williams; and Messrs J. B. Fielder, E. Webb, and T. K. Newton. The following gentlemen were elected members of the Synod for this session only: — Archdeacon W. J. Williams, Canon St. Hill, Rev. C. Jordan, and A. F. Williams; and Messrs J. B. Fielder, E. Webb, and T. K. Newton. Mr. J. Himmins, for Market; Mr. N. King, for Yokohama; Mr. H. Owen, for Yokohama; Mr. A. Davidson, for Yokohama; Mr. A. Davidson, for Yokohama. The following papers were laid upon the table: — Minute book of the Standing Committee and Board of Trusts, Letter Book of the Diocese, detailed statistical returns and accounts from Parishes and Districts, summary of statistical returns of Parishes and Districts, summary of accounts of Parishes and Districts, list of Church members from Parishes and Districts, report of Bishopric endowment fund committee, account of the Church endowment fund, report of the trustees of the Waeren gahika native school trust, account of the trustees of the Waeren gahika native school trust. Accounts of the Diocesan treasurer, consisting of — Diocesan fund account, Diocesan expenses account, Maori mission account, Foreign mission account, Melnnedan mission account, clerical pension fund account. NOTICES OF MOTION. The following notices of motion were then given :— The Dean of Waipu to move, — (1.) That a select committee be appointed to inquire into and report upon the various efforts that are being made in this diocese for the purpose of promoting the religious education of the young. (2.) That the committee consist of Canon Fox, the Keys, J. C. Eccles and E. Robertshaw, Messrs. T. Tanner, T. Morrison, and the mover. The Dean of Waipu to move, — That in the opinion of this Synod it is very desirable that the "Day of Intercession for Foreign Missions" should be more generally observed throughout the diocese. (3.) That the committee consist of Canon Fox, the Keys, J. C. Eccles and E. Robertshaw, Messrs. T. Tanner, and the mover. All services of the Church in this Diocese on the first Sunday in March in each year be paid over without deduction to the diocesan treasurer, for the benefit of the diocesan or Home Mission Fund. The Dean of Waiapu to move, — The Rev. K. Robertshaw to ask, — If the appointment of the sixth Canon of the Church lies in the hand of this young Archdeacon W. JL Williams to move, — That the Right Rev. The annual choir service in connection with the opening of the Piacan Synod was held in the Cathedral last night, a pumptuous congregation being present. The procession of clergy and surpliced choristers, which was a very imposing one, extended nearly the whole length of the nave, the Key. F. E. T. Simcox, carrying the pastoral staff before the Bishop. Previous to the commencement of the prayers, the well-known hymn "Nearer, my God, to Thee," was sung, after which the Rev, A. S. Webb conducted evening service, and the Revs. Spenper and Charles Jordan read the lessons for the day. The Cathedral choir was strengthened for the occasion by members from St. Augustine's, St. Paul's, and Trinity Church choirs, and the musical portion of the anthem, which was under Mr. Spademan's direction, was very heartily and efficiently, well. The anthem "The Kadini Worn," with the exception of a slight hymn on the part of some of the bass voices, was most creditably sung. Miss Large taking the solo very capably and intelligently. During the service, Archdeacons W. L. Williams and S Williams and the Rev. A. S. Webb were installed by Bishop Stuart a Canons of the Cathedral Chapter, and places were allotted to them in the usual way in the chancel. The sermon was preached by the Rev. John Hobbs, who took for his text the words from St Mark's gospel, "There was a man then who had a withered hand." Mr. Hobbs, after Explaining the objects of the Diocesan Synod, dwelt at some length on the necessity of there being some well-understood system of collection of revenue for the support of the Church of England in this colony. He pointed out that English Church people were not illiberal — that in fact, they compared most favorably with other denominations in this respect, but they had never been taught in England to contribute towards the support of their Church. If also deplored the fact that the Synod had no control over the lavish expenditure of the country districts, nor had it any control over the ordinary expenditure. THE A.W. K. BAY HERALD WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 15, 1890. BAKER free of charge. Mr. Baker is prepared to make selections and to give full information concerning the: Crown Lands in the Hawk Bay, Poverty Bay, Wellington, and other Districts, that will be thrown open for free selection under the Land Act of 1878. PROPERTIES FOR SALE. - WOODVILLE. The undermentioned Grass Farms in the Woodville District are accessible, and are situated within a radius of ten miles from the Railway station on the north side of the rabbit fence, 100 acres. Freehold and K partly improved Leasehold with grazing land, improvement good road access clause. Bush Farm, 3 miles from all in grass and miles from railroad station. Highly improved. Easy hill. All in grass. 30 acres. Good sheep aqu, 850 Acres in grass. Country, 600 well improved Limestone very reasonable. Flats and Excellent Farm. Arable Hills. 80 rich warm loam. Marl Within 1 mile of formation, school. 172 a Alluvial p Fronts main road. Sol. Ol An excellent All In grass, farm, and fenced. Half-mile on First-class Land from 4th Avenue. Woodville fenced and snb ■ Railway divided. > 1 Btntlon. Improved tjA Ad'acent to Ctowl Grass Land. |4t Lands. 870 Improved t tyt A Freehold BTS acres ; Grass Land. X/aX^Jb lease 839 acres excellent sheep oountry 378 Freehold Of)!? Good Limestone adlacent to O+Ji Land. Crown Lands 285 180 aores grassed, QQ£» Goou House and fenced, & oub- 2dU Farm Buildings divided another 100 acre* adjacent can be purchased. 29S SEVERAL SMALL PARMB. cleared ana grassed : ALLUVIAL LAND, with or with out Dwellings. PAHIATUA COUNTY AOBZB. Deferred Payment. QK 20 Acres in grass. - Splendid Flats. -| no 7 miles from Wood XVO vllle, 100 aores - grass. 333 Perpetual t C\&t7 Unimproved lime Lease from LU\J i stone and marl Crown with formation; bu>h right to pur* and scrub' land, cnapo free- hold at 15a anasre. Lease with (iAfX 72 A«es graesea purchasing Xj'iiKJ rest bush and cfause. Good sorub, Umeßton6 access. hills. 298 Good Bush OQO Partly mproved. Land. 60 Acres grassed. 30C The richest cf\A i flat. 1 mile description t)\t\J from Scnool and of Alluvial Post-offloa. ?U SoU, Perpetual Lease. qirY Unimproved. 28 WAIfAWA COUNTS AORXB Freehold and AQf\ Partly Improved Leasehold. 4fce>V/ - 337 Leasehold, OQQ/\ GoodMUlisg Bush 80 years to &UO\) with <?-»wmill run; adja- working order cent to rail- Good gra"s land waysta- GOO acres in pas- tlon. tnre. 218 All Flat Good Ci(\f7 Bush adlacent to Warm SoU jit «7 4 Railway Station. Marketable Fire, wood and totara posts, SOI Good £1Q Highly improved. Farmlai Old Eaayofaooeas Land. ISS Improved QK Danevirket wit. Farm. Q\* Residence. 387 HAWKE-SBAY COUNTY A0BS& Alluvial Land. Qf~\"| lies from Naplei Good alluvial A A With residence cropping land, 'dbtfe Can be sold In ' Taradale. small lots. 301 Papakura. Grand .* <\ Weil Improved Land. 'JtSKJ with resfdencri 502 Clivs tCt Fencea and sub Distrloc Dl divided. Flitt- olaaß'and Uff Good Sheep *\C£f\f\ 81 mllee fron. Conntry. lt>« }\J Napier. Wei • worth Inspection Can be bough cheap. 853 Hill and flat OC? Ring fenced and well watered. 4s Ot subdivided Into 7 paddocks, good house yards, fee. 857 ' Cultivated AIT *00 acres alluvial: Farm, 7 miles Oil equal to any land from Napier. <p Hawke'a Bay. 881 Meanee: Smiles f A Well watered and from Napier. J*M fenced 329 P 4 TANGATT COUNTY. AOBEB. • Excellent KAf\ Sitcated U mUt. Flats and O-3-U from Railway Arable Hills Station irrigation formation, and subdivided No buildings First-class Property. 37 Farming Land. For Dwelling, Shed one mile from Stable, Dairy, Railway. 891 WAIRARAPA COUNTY. AOBB. Good Bush $1000 Price, $13.85 per Land. 2 Acres; easy terms. 308 A'AIROa. COURS Vt. AOBXB. L^ase- to Q(~\f\ With MOO sheep hold. 14 OUU 31i Well in- proved. Lease- "1 Q iif\Ci About one-half in hold 10.000 grass, with 18,000 Goodh_ls,'sheep. 19 part bush and scrub, PO VBRTY BAY DISTRICT. ACRES Partly improved in OAK S miles from Gis proved Sheep OO borne, with 1200 country. Sheep. $39 Small grab AQA Partly improved in Run, 21 4b041V/ Sheep Country years case. Excellent Soil. Unlm- IQOK Good Soil; 30 r-'laa proved Bush lo« *J from Glebo no and Sorub Price, 18s 6d per L<»id. acre, 908 Business and Residence Sites Houses, and Suburban Lands In Napier, and all the Country Townships. Several good Hotels and Country Stores to Sale. Particulars on application. BAKER & TABU7SAV, 113 Land Agents. c.- THE PATIENCE LICENSED HOLDING. KUAOTUNA. Fis proposed to form this claim Into a syndicate of 80 shares e, 33 of which will be offered to the public at £20 each; £5 on application, £5 on allotment, and balance by calls of £5 at intervals of not less than one month. The money realized from the sale at shares to be expended in working and proving the ground, with the exception of £50 to defray cost of survey and other expenses. This Licensed Holding has an area of acres and three roods (13a 3r Up), and is bounded by the Pride of the Hills on the north, by the Jubilee on the east, and the Don Pedro on the west. The Just-m-Timo reef is going through this property, which had a trial crushing of twenty tons and went 2½ ounces, to the ton; also three other reefs in the Pride of the Hills. The Kuaotuna Holding, which has a very close reef, is also near the Patience, and laying in the belt of country is in the hands of the Waitai mine, which makes the Patience a very valuable property to invest in. Applications for Shares will be received. 3 BAKER AND TABUTBAU, Sharebrokers, 408 Tonnyson-street, Napier. TO LET, RESIDENCE IN THOMPSON-ROAD, containing 10. Rooms, together with Orchard, Plants, and Paddock. BAKER & TABUTEAU - 185 Land Agents. 10 LET, SECTION 23, West Clive, containing 37 acres. At present in the occupation of Mrs. Gakrod. Apply to 126 BAKER & TABUTEAU. SHEEP COTTON. FOR SALE. WAIPAWA COUNTY. FROM 7000 to 2000 acres, situated 20 miles from Waipawa, and 15 miles from Napier, good healthy sheep country, nearly all arable land, now in a fit state for breaking in to pasture. subdivided into three paddocks by about a dozen of fencing. About 100 acres good bottom; containing timber. At present wintering 500 sheep, about a dozen at a small outlay will carry one sheep to the acre. Price, 30a per acre. For further particulars apply to 190 BASER & TABUTEAU. SHEEP COTTON. FOR SALE AT AUCTION. THURSDAY, 16th OCTOBER, 1890, At 2 o'clock. BAKER & TABUTEAU. Have received Instructions from Mr. T. Lockd to sell by public auction at their residence, Ten Dyson Street, Napier— NAPIER SUB-LOT. BURBAN S-CULTURE 61, Lots (in the area of land) planted with Fruit and Ornamental Trees; good Flower Garden, together with Residence of Mr. T. Lockd, containing 9 rooms. Immediate Possession. I. BAKER & TABUTKAU, 193 Auctioneers. M. B. COHEN'S BALKS THURSDAY, OCTOBER 16th, At 2 p.m. STORTFORD LODGE YARDS, HASTINGS. IMPORTANT SALE OF STOCK. H. PROOHEN Has received instructions to sell Without Reserve— 1 A HEAD OF STORE OATS, Comprising — E.T.KERS, COWS, and HEIFERS. H. P. COHEN, S3l Auctioneer. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 17TH, 1890, At 2 p.m. STORTFORD LODGE YARDS, HASTINGS. IMPORTANT SALE OF PURE-BRED POLLED ANGUS, ALDERNEY, AND OTHER WELL BRED STOCK. H. P. COHEN, S3l Auctioneer. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 17TH, 1890, At 2 p.m. STORTFORD LODGE YARDS, HASTINGS. IMPORTANT SALE OF PURE-BRED POLLED ANGUS, ALDERNEY, AND OTHER WELL BRED STOCK. H. P. COHEN, S3l Auctioneer. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 17TH, 1890, At 2 p.m. STORTFORD LODGE YARDS, HASTINGS. IMPORTANT SALE OF PURE-BRED POLLED ANGUS, ALDERNEY, AND OTHER WELL BRED STOCK. H. P. COHEN, S3l Auctioneer. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 17TH, 1890, At 2 p.m. STORTFORD LODGE YARDS, HASTINGS. IMPORTANT SALE OF PURE-BRED POLLED ANGUS, ALDERNEY, AND OTHER WELL BRED STOCK. H. P. COHEN, S3l Auctioneer. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 17TH, 1890, At 2 p.m. STORTFORD LODGE YARDS, HASTINGS. IMPORTANT SALE OF PURE-BRED POLLED ANGUS, ALDERNEY, AND OTHER WELL BRED STOCK. H. P. COHEN, S3l Auctioneer. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 17TH, 1890, The Polled Angus Bull Polled Angus Steers Half-bred Steers Half-bred Heifers Alderney Cows and Heifers, &c Several of the above Polled Angus Cattle will be exhibited at the forthcoming Agricultural and Pastoral Society's Show. As the above Unreserved Sale is likely to induce breeders of pure-bred stock to be present, Clients wishing to dispose of well-bred cattle will no doubt take advantage of this opportunity to quit, and will oblige by forwarding entries as early as possible. H. P. COHEN, 899 Auctioneer. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 17th, 1890, At 2 p.m. STORTFORD LODGE YARDS, HASTINGS H. P. COHEN Has received instructions to sell on the above date, on account of Mr. J. Boyle— THE PURE-BRED AYBHLRE BULL BY "DUKB OF ARGYLE," Bred by Macfarlane Bros., Otago, from Imported Stock (Took 1st Prize at late H.B. A. and P. Show). I H. P. COHEN, 101 Auctioneer. MEANER TUESDAY, OCTOBER 21st, At 11 o'clock. Under Instructions from the Public Trustee. H. P. COHEN, Has received Instructions from the Public Trustee to sell on the Premises, Meanee, in the Entire State of Ross Donovan— FURNITURE, FARMING IMPLEMENTS, SPRING CART, &C, &C, Comprising— Bedsteads, Washstands, Couch, Kitchen Utensils, and other Furniture. Implements - Plough, Harrow, Spring-cart, 1 set Spring-cart Harness, 1 set Heavy Harness, Traces and Hamey, Bridle, Collars, and numerous other Miscellaneous Goods and Chattels. WITHOUT RESERVE. H. P. COHEN, 133 Auctioneer. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 22nd, At 2 p.m. CLEARING OUT SALE OF DAIRY STOCK, DAIRY UTENSILS, &c, &c. H. Prochonias has received instructions from Mrs. X, Gar- bod, to sell on the premises, Clive, on the above date, the whole of her first-class DAIRY CATTLE, &c, Comprising— 40 head of Dairy Cows and Heifers. Also, 1 Half-bred Alderney Bull. Further particulars in future Issue. H. P. COHEN, Auctioneer. PRELIMINARY NOTICE. H. PROOHEN Has received instructions to sell at Bastings the latter part of October, OKA 18 MONTH TO 3 YEAR OLD STEERS GO 1 to 6 year old forward Bullocks Full particulars Utter issue. H. P. COHEN, 293 Auctioneer, MR P. A. HERMAN'S SALE. AT AUCTION, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 16TH, At 11 o'clock sharp. IN THE CENTRAL SALE ROOMS, HABTINGS-3STREET. P. A. "HERMAN" Will sell - -8 CASES LEMONS 7 sacks Cocoanuts 10 cases Preserved Fruits 10 cases Onion (sound) 8 cases Potatoes (new) Also. On account of whom it may concern— a lot of second-hand furniture and effects, &c, lot carpenter's tools, timber, fittings, sundries, &c, &c. ~pTa. h&rman, 412 Auctioneer. STOCK SALE. AT TARADALE. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 22nd, 1890, At 2 O'clock. P. A. HEWA'W Has received instructions from Settlers, to sell at the Yards, large, as above, : about *Q HE AD OF STOCK. Details in future Advertisement. N.B.— Clients will oblige by forwarding particulars of their entries at once. P. A. HERMAN, 113 Auctioneer. PIANOS! CHANGES! The very best Pianos and Organs at Moderate Prices are the TONDON AND BERLIN PIANO Xi IMPORTING COMPANY'S. They are perfect in every particular. Cheaper - Larger, Strouger, and Better Made than any other instrument before the New Zealand public. They are Handsome in Design. They are Solid in Construction. They are Brilliant in Tone. They are Beautiful in Finish. They are of the Best Manufacture. They are the Cheapest In the Market. They can be purchased on - THE HIRB SYSTEM Once seen no others will be looked at. An Inspection Invited; P. A. HERMAN, AGENT FOR HAWK.E a BAY. M 8 PUBLIC NOTICE. ORANGES-TAHITI-ORANGES. CAUTION. AS it has come to our knowledge that Friendly Island Oranges are being retailed as Tahill Oranges, we hereby caution Fruiterers not to sell Inferior Fruit as Tahiti Oranges, as they thereby reodor themselves liable to proceedings. The Public are also respectfully requested when purchasing to ask for Tahiti Oranges, and Bee that they get them. Tahiti Oranges are admittedly the finest in the World. DONALD & EDENBOHOUBF, Fruit Merchants, Auckland. P. A. HERMAN. Sole Agent for HAWK.E a BAY. M 8 PUBLIC NOTICE. BDBNBOROUGH, Have always on sale, and to arrive from the South Sea Islands— ORANGES BANANAS PINEAPPLES PKANUTS COCOAUTS LIMITUDELLAS ALD DESICCATED CO. PANS. Purchasers can always rely on the D. & B. K. being the best in the Market, and that the utmost care will be used in sorting and packing the fruit before delivery. E. LYNDON AND CO.'S SALES. HOFFMAN AND SONS, PIANOFORTE MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTER AND AGENT, AUCKLAND AND LONDON. FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE, PIANO, COTTAGE, PIANO, ROSEBERG, PIANO, MANTEY (second hand), EDWARD LYNDON & CO. Assemble. TEA. TEA. TEA. QUARTO BOXES NEW SEASON'S & CO., Boat Quality Baked per box, ten and a-half pounds. EDWARD LYNDON & CO., 221 Brokers' enta. To ADVANCE ONLY UPON FREEHOLD SE- EDWARDS LYNDON & CO. TjDWARD LYN^N*~OaTte«recoiTe all accounts due and owing to that Auckland, 3rd April, 1890. 223 £5000 T «\is™™"^ One Sum of £1003 One Sum of £900 And other Sums to suit Borrowers. 23* EDWARD LYNDON J6 CO. EDWARD JYNDON AND ( O. LAND AND ESTATE AGENTS AND AUCTIONEERS. 18C*. ESTABLISHED 1881'AGENTS FOR; THE DIXON INVESTMENT COMPANY LIMITED-CAPITAL £100,000. LAND TRANSFER ACT CONVEY. AGENTS. VALUATIONS AND ARBITRATORS. MORTGAGES NEGOTIATED UPON FREE) HOLD AND OTHER SECURITIES. SURVEYS UNDERTAKEN IN ALL PARTS OF THE PROVINCES. ESTIMATES AND PLANS PREPARED FOR THE SUBDIVISION OF PROPERTY TO BE SUBMITTED FOR AUCTION OR PRIVATE SALE. LAND TRANSFER ACT BUSINESS COMPANY. PLETED ON THE SHORTEST NOTICE. LIBERAL ADVANCES MADE UPON MERCHANDISE SENT IN FOR ABSOLUTE SALE. AN EXTENSIVE COLLECTION OF PLANS AND MAPS OF TOWNSHIPS AND RURAL DISTRICTS ALWAYS OPEN FOR INSPECTION FREE OF CHARGE. 225 ggttteg. REAL DEVONSHIRE CIDER. A DELIGHTFUL SUMMER DRINK. ALARGE consignment of the "Symonia" Cider has just been received, ex Ganymede, by P. GORMAN. 103 Criterion Hotel, Napier. NAPI ER PARK RACING CLUB. SPRING MEETING. TO-DAY (WEDNESDAY). FIRST RACK TO START AT 12:30 O'CLOCK. PRICES OF ADMISSION: Course: FOOT PASSENGERS... 1st Each HORSEMEN 2nd, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, having Machines requiring attention, or intending purchasers desiring special information, are requested to IMMEDIATELY COMMUNICATE WITH SIDEY & BAIN, DISTRICT AGENTS. THE "McCORMICK" NEW STEEL REAPER AND BINDER, With "Simple" Knotter, And THE "McCORMICK" IMPROVED Will be exhibited at the A. AND P. SHOW. KM INSPECT THE MACMILLS, 355 IT WILL REPAY YOU. THE WOLSELEY SHEEP SHEARING MACHINE. OVER $5,000,000 SHEKP HAVE NO WOOL BY THESE MACHINES, With the Greatest Satisfaction to all concerned. The Only Machine in the Market which is capable of fulfilling the requirements of a General Shearing, No Expert required to keep the Machines in Repair. FULL SUPPLY OF MACHINES NOW LANDED. For all particulars apply to the Agents in Hawke's Bay. THE L. L. ISTE2r AMY TENNYSON-STREET, NAPIBR, 348 RABONES PATENT WOOL. PRESS THEBES AND CHAPESTIN PRICE, £13 10s? One of the above will be on exhibition at the A. and P. Society's Show at Haatioga. B. H. Crown Lands Office on October, 1889. 350 acres of "THE NATIVE LAND COURTS ACTS AMENDMENTS ACT 1889" NOTICE is hereby given that, as we, John Studholme, the younger of William Paul Studholme, and John Vancls Studholme, all of Owhaoko, Sheep-farmers, claiming to have purchased or acquired the interests of Ronata Kawepo, Anaru Wanikan, Harata Hokahoka, Atareta, Koingakore, Watertown, Hohia, To Amapo, Mina, Wiremu, Paraotene, Karena Taniwha, a Hora to Oi. Hopa te Auraki, Ana Maata Kato, n Renata Kawepo (as Trustee for neta Hakl- -4 wai, Hoani Hakiwal, Wi Hakiwai, Ka Hakl- -3 wai, Kirungaakl, Hakiwai and Hakiwai), \Vnata Rakiiwerohla, Walpu te Moata, Merl \ Tawhara, Ronata Kawepo and Wiremu s Paraotene (as Trustees for Rawirl to Horra; and To Matetahuna) Te Manaotawhakl, Rirla 1 te Rere, Taurla Paraotene, Barata Keokeo, aB t the owners according to Native dustom In all, that parcel of land Biltmted at Patoa Inland, partly in the Provincial District of Hawke's Bay and partly in the Provincial District of Wellington, and by the name of "Manaohane Block," and the interests of Te I Otl Pohe, Rawinia Wanlkau, Kohatu Rawirl, Pukapuka Rawiri, sometime called Puka Te Ote, Iwlkbu te Heuheu, Harawera; HoDori, Urania. Renata, Reca Maikaku, Ralta Tuterangi, Heta Tanßuru, Renata Kawepo (as Trustee for Wakapu Tukiawaho), Kata- -1 rina Hira Thicketingl. Waata Rakai werohin, 1 Walpu te Moata, Renata Kawepo, Anaru te Wanikau. Meri Tawhara To Manaotawhakl,, Renata Kawepo and Wiremu Paraotene (as Trustees for Rawlai to Hoeroa and Te Mate Tahuna), Harata Hokahoka. Atareta Kainga- kore Watarawhi Hohaia, To Amapo Mina, Wiremu Paraotene, Rlria to Rere, Tanria Paraotene. Roia te Oi, Bometlnes called Te Oi, Harata Keokeo, Hopa to Auraki, Karena Taniwha, and Maata K«to and Renata Kawopo (aa Trustee for Heta Hakl- wni, Hoanl Haktwal, Wo Hakiwai Ka Hiki- wai, Kirungaaki Hakiwai, and Hakiwai), as the owners according to Native custom of all 1 tmt parcel of land situate at Patea Inland in the Provincial District of Wellington and known by the name of "Mangaohauo No. 1 Block," have on the 1st day of October, 1890, left at the office in the Government Buildings, at the City of Wellington, of the Registrar of the Native Land Court for the District of Wellington, the place appointed in that behalf by the Commissioners appointed under Section 20 of the above-mentioned Act, an application pursuant to the said Act, and to the rules made by the said Commissioners thereunder that the said Commissioners shall enquire into all the circumstances attending the said alleged alienation or acquisition of the said interests in the said land. And notice is hereby further given that certified copies of such applications, and of every instrument in writing. Order of the Native Land Court, and other documents upon which we rely in support of the said claim, have been deposited by us with the Clerk of the Magistrate's Court at Napier, where the same are open for public inspection without payment of any fee. And notice is hereby further given that every person desiring to be heard in opposition to our said claim is required to file and serve notice of such opposition and of the grounds thereof fourteen days at least before the day which shall be appointed for hearing our said claims, and in the form and in manner prescribed by the rules in said commissions. And notice is hereby further given that our Order for service is at the office of Mr H, A. Cornford, Solicitor, in the Town of Napier. Dated this 1st day of October, 1890. John Studholme, Jan., William Paul Studholme, and Joseph Francis Studholme, by their Agents BELL, GULLY, AND IZARD. "TURE WHAKATIKA INGA TURE O NGA KOOTI.VHENUA MAORI 1889." HE WHAK AAtFrANGA tenei na John Studholme kuao, William Paul Studholme, mo Joseph Francis Studholme, o Owhaoko, kaimahlpaamu-hipi, c kereemu and kua rlro mai 1 a ratou 1 runga 1 to hoko nga paAuga katoa o Renata Kawepo, Anaru Wanikau, Harata Ilokahoka, Atareta Kalnga- koro, Whatarawl Hohaia, Te AmauO Mina, Wirernu Paraotene, Kare Nai Taniwha, Rorl To Oi. Hopa to Auraki, Ana Maata Knto, icenata Kawepo (Kaitiaki mo Hel a Hakiwai, Hoani Hakiwai Wl Hakiwai Wa Hakiwai, Kirungaakl Haki- wai 1110 Hakioai) VYaita Rakaiwerohla.
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https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%29
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Wikipedia
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Луки (Калузька область)
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https://uk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Луки (Калузька область)&action=history
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Ukrainian
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Spoken
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Луки () — присілок в Жиздринському районі Калузької області Російської Федерації.
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cihm_17699_1
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English-PD
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
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The three voyages of Captain James Cook round the world [microform]
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Cook, James, 1728-1779
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English
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Spoken
| 7,347 | 11,214 |
IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /> O V^ .^f^ 1.0 |^li£ US £ lii 12.0 g 1^:4. 116 I — 6" Hiotograite Sciences Corporation ^ ■<^ V <^ ^ 4!^^ ^. '<^. 6^ :<a W-r^TMAIMSTRin WltSTI«,M.Y. 14SM (716) •72-4503 ^^'^^k^ ^?\^ ^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Instituta for Historical IMicroraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquat O V Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notas tachniquaa at bibliojraphiquaa Tha inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibiiographicaiiy uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may significantly change tha uauai method of filming, are checked below. L'Inatitut a microfilm* la mellleur exemplaire qu'il lui a At* poaalbia de ae procurer. 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Toua las autrea exemplaires originaux sent fiimAs an commen^ant par la pramiAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illuatration at Bti terminant par la derniAre paga qui comporta une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaltra sur la darniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols -^ signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols Y signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre filmAs A des tsux de rMuction diff«rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA. il est film* i porfir de I'angle supArieur geuche. de gauche A drolte. et de haut en baa, en prenent le nombre d'imagas nAcesseire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent le mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 S 6 THE VOYAGES or CAPTAIN JAMES COOK. VOL. VI. BEING THE SECOND OF THE THIRD VOYAGt. *%>*t^ w •'ft .'!''' ':7 '.mrj 1 Awrnr ) 1 1' i f U >!• '^. 'ii- M'-. ." -...iU London : Printed by A. & R. Spottiswoode. N«w-Strert-Squ«re. L^- THK \ THRICK VOYAGES tIF OP CAPTAIN JAMES COOK ROUND THE WORLD. Uv5 COMI'I.ETE 5ii fecuei! moUmm. ^iTH Map and otueh plates. VOL. VI. BEING THE SECOND OP THE THIRD VOYAGE. XONDON: FAINT£D FOR LONGMAN. HURST, REES, ORME. AND BROWN. PATERNOSTEa-ROW. J821. NW Snop cm I Lond ' V. C 11 I > "^.. CONTENTS OF THE SIXTH VOLUME. THIRD VOYAGE. BOOK III. Ti-ansftctiocs at Otaheite, and the Society Islands; and Pro- secution of the Voyage to the Coast of North America. " '■" CHAP. I. An Eclipse of the Moon obcierved. — The Island Toobouai dis- covered. — Its Situation, Extent, and Appearance. — Inter- course with its Inhabitants. — Their Persons, Dresses, and Canoes, described. — Arrival in Oheitepeha Bay at Otaheite. — Omai's Reception, and imprudent Conduct. — Account of Spanish Ships twice visiting the Island. — Interview with the Chief of this District. — The Olla, or God, of Bolabola. — A mad Prophet, Arrival in Matavai Bay • Page 3 CHAP. II. Interview with Otoo, King of the Island. — > Imprudent Conduct of Omai. — Employments on ^hore. ^ European Animals land- ed. — Particulars about a Native who had visited Lima. — About Ocdidee. — A Revolt in Eimeo. — War with that Island determined upon, in a Council of Chiefs. — A human Sacrifice on that Account. — A particular Relation of the Ceremonies at ' the great Moral, where the Sacrifice was offered. — Other bar- barous Customs of this people •• - - 21 CHAP in. Conference with Towha. ~- Heevas described. — Omai and Oedi- dee give Dinners. — Fireworks exhibited. — A remarkable Present of Cloth. — Manner of preserving the Body of a dead Chief. — Another human Sacrifice. — Riding on Horseback. — Otoo's Attention to supply Provisions, and prevent Thefls. — Animals ^ven to him. — ]Btary and the Deputies of a Chief have Audiences. — A Mock-fight of two War Canoes — Naval Strength of these Islands. — Manner of Conducting a War 44 r» o y-j Hi •ci»-< ^ CONTENT*. » i> I I H: CHAP. IV. The Day of sailing fixed. — Peace made witli Einieo. — Debates about' it, and Otoo's Conduct blamed. — A Solemnity at the Morai on the Occasion, described by Mr. King. — Observations upon it. — Instance of Otoo's Art. — Omai's War Canoe, and Remarks upon his Rehaviour. — Otoo's Present, and Message to the King of Great Britain. — Reflections on our Manner of Traffic, and on the good Treatment we met with at Otaheite. — Account of the Expedition of the Spaniards. — Their Fictions to depreciate the Englisli. — Wishes expressed that no Settle- ment may be made. — . Omai's jealousy of another Traveller .ill >-« /. . Page 58 CHAP. V. <t Arrival at Eimeo. — Two Harbours there, and an Account of them. — Visit from Maheine, Chief of the Island. •— His Person described. — A Goat stolen, and sent back with the Thief. — Another Goat stolen, and secreted. — Measures taken on the Occasion. — Expedition cross the Island. — Housoh and Canoes burnt. — The Goat delivered up, and Peace restored. — Some Account of the Island, &c. - - - 74 t .• 1 1 ih CHAP. VI. Arrival at Huaheine. — Council of the Chiefs. — Omai's Offerings, and Speech to the Chiefs. — His Establishment in this Island aereed to. — A House built, and Garden planted for him. •— Smgularity of his Situation. — Measures taken to insure his Safety. — Damage done by Cock>roaches, on board the Ships. — A Thief detected and punished. — Fireworks exhibited Ani- mals left with Omai. — His Family. — Weapons. •— Inscriptions on his House. — His Behaviour on the Ships leaving the Island. — Summary View of his Conduct and Cliaracter. — Account of the two New Zealand Youths ... 85 />.»" CHAP. VII. Arrival at Ulietea. — Astronomical Observations. — A Marine deserts, and is delivered Op. — Intelligence from Omai. — In- structions to Captain Clerke. — Another Desertion of a Mid- shipman and a Seaman. — Three of the Chief Persons of the Island confined on that Account. — A Design to seize Captains Cook and Clerke, discovered. — The two Deserters brought back, and the Prisoners released. — The Ships sail. — Refresh- ments received at Ulietea. — Present and former State of that Island. — Account of its dethroned King, and of the late Re- gent of Huaheine .... lOi II ,,. %SSe-L.., >. — Debates mnity at the Observations ' Canoe, and ind Message ir Manner of Otaheite. — heir Fictions at no Settle- Traveller Page 58 er Account of • His Person he Thief. — ken on the and Canoes ed. — Some 74 's Offerings, this Island for him. — insure his 16 Ships. — ed. — Ani- nscriptions le Island. — Account 85 ;4 I <ONTKN'rs. CHAP. Mil. VI I Arrival at Bolabola. — Interview with Opoony. — Reasons for purchasing Monsieur Bougainville's Anchor. — Departure from the Society Iblands. — Particulars about Bulabola. — History of the Conquest of Otalia and Ulietea — High Reputation of the Bolabola Men. — Animals left there, and at Ulietea. — Plenti- ful Supply of Provisions, and Manner of salting Pork on board. — Various Reflections relative to Otaheite, and the Society Islands. — Astronomical and Nautical Observations made there - - - , • Page 118 CHAP. IX. ' Accounts of Otaheite still imperfect. — Tlic prevailing Winds. — Beauty of the Country. — Cultivation. — Natural Curiosities. — The Persons of the Natives. — Diseases. — General Chcracter. — Love of Pleasure. — Language. — Surgery and Physic. — Articles of Food. — Effects of drinking Avii. — Times and Man- ner of Eating. — Connections with the Females. — Circum- cision. — System of Religion. — Notions about the Soul and a future Life. — Various Superstition». — Traditions about the Creation. — An Historical Legend. — Honours paid to the King. — Distinction of Ranks. — Punishment of Crimes. — Peculiarities of the neighbouring Islands. — Names of their Gods. — Names of Islands Islands. — Christ- mas Island discovered, and Station of the Ships there. — Boats sent ashore. — Great Success in catching Turtle. — An Eclipse of the Sun observed. — Distress of two Seamen who had lost their Way. — Inscription left in a Bottle. — Account of the Island. — Its Soil. — Trees and Plants. — Birds. — Its Size. — Form. — Situation. — Anchoring-ground - - 166 >t Marine lai. — In- a Mid- ns of the Captains brought Refresh- e of that late Re- 104 CHAP. XL Some Islands discovered. — Account of the Natives of Atooi, who come off to the Ships, and their Behaviour on going on board. — One of them killed. — Precautions used to prevent Intercourse with the Females. — A Watering-place found, -r- Reception upon landing. — Excursion into the Country. — A Morai visited and described. — Graves of the Chiefs, and of the human Sacri- fices there buried. — Another Island, called Oneehow, visited. — Ceremonies performed by the Natives, who go off to the Ships. — Reasons for believing that they are Cannibals. — A Party sent ashore, who remain two Nights. — Account of what passed on MCiM 1 ^ If ii Vlll CONTENTS. landing. — • The Ships XII. The Situation of the Islands now discovered. — Their Names. — Called the Sandwich Islands. •— Atooi described. — The Soil. — Climate. — Vegetable Productions. — Birds. — Fish. — Domes- tic Animals. — Persons of th^ Inhabitants.— Their Disposition. — Dress. — Ornaments. — Habitations. — Food. — Cookery. — Amusements. — Manufactures. — Working-tools. — Knowledge of Iron accounted for. — Canoes. — Agriculture. — Account of one of their Chiefs. — Weapons. — Customs agreeing with those of Tongataboo, and Otaheite. — Their Language the same. — Extent of this Nation throughout the Pacinc Ocean. — - Reflec- tions OP. the useful Situation of the Sandwich Islands ' 204 CHAP. XIII. Observations made at the Sandwich Islands, on the Longitude, Variation of the Compass and Tides. — Prosecution of the Voyage. — Remarks on the Mildness of the Weather, as far as the Latitude 44° North. — Paucity of Sea Birds, in the Northern Hemisphere. — Small Sea Animals described. — Arrival on the Coast of America. — Appearance of the Country. — Unfavour- able Winds, and boisterous Weather. — Remarks on Martin d'Aguillar's River, and Juan de Fuca's pretended Strait. — An Inlet discovered, where the Ships anchor. — Behaviour of the Natives ------ 233 BOOK IV. Transactions amongst the Natives of North America ; Dis- coveries along that Coast and the Eastern Extremity of Asia, Northward to Icy Cape ; and Return Southward to the Sandwich Islands. ■ ^. . •-'■■- CHAP I. The Ships enter the Sound, and moor in a Harbour. — > Intercourse with tne Natives. — Articles brought to barter. — Thefts com- mitted.— The Observatories erected, and Carpenters set to work. — Jealousy of the Inhabitants of the Sound to prevent other Tribes having Intercourse with the Ships. — Stormy and rainy Weather. — Progress round the Sound. — Behaviour of the Natives at their Villages. — Their Manner of drying Fish, c. — Remarkable Visit from Strangers, and introductory .^8 !Y j. CONTENTS. IX ceed to the Page 176 ir Names. — The Soil I. •— Domes- isposition. — Cookery. — ■ Knowledge ■ Account of ig with those he same. — n. — Reflec- i ' 204 .^4 Ceremonies. — A second Visit to one of the Villages. — Leave to cut Grass, purchased. — The Ships sail. — Presents given and received at parting. ... Page 247 CHAP. II. The Name of the Sound, and Directions for sailiiie into it. — Ac- count of the adjacent Country. — Weather. — Climate. — Trees. Other vegetable Productions. — Quadrupeds, whose Skins were brought for Sale. — Sea Animals. — Description of a Sea Otter. — Birds. — Water Fowl. — Fish. — Shell-fish, &c. — Reptiles. — Insects. — Stones, &c. — Persons of the Inhabitants. — Tlieir Colour. — Common Dress and Ornaments. — Occasional Dresses and monstrous Decorations of Wooden Masks. — Their general Dispositions. — Songs. — Musical Instruments. — Their Eager- ness to possess Iron and otlier Metals - - 264 Longitude, ition of the ler, as far as he Northern rrival on the - Unfavour- ) on Martin Jtrait. — An viour of the 233 CHAP. in. Manner ofbuilding the Houses in Nootka Sound. — Inside of them described. — Furniture and Utensils. — Wooden Images. — Employments of the Men. — Of the Women. — Food, Animal and Vegetable. — Manner of preparing it. — Weapons. — Manu- factures and Mechanic Arts. — Carving and Paintmg. — Canoes. — Implements for Fishing and Hunting. — Iron Tools, •— Man- ner of procuring that Metal. — Remarks on their Language, and a Specimen of it. — Astronomical and Nautical Observations made in Nootka Sound - - - . 287 ifica; Dis- ctremity of Lithward to CHAP. IV. A Storm after sailing from Nootka Sound. — Resolution springs a Leak. — Pretended Strait of Admiral de Fonte passed unex- amined. — Progress along the Coast of America. — fieering's Bay. — Kaye's Island. — Account of it. — The Ships come to Anchor. — Visited by the NativcF. — Their Behaviour. — Fond- ness for Beads and Iron. — Attempt to plunder thcf Discovery. — Resolution's Leak stopped. — Progress up tjie Sound. — Messrs. Gore and Roberts sent to examine its Extent. — Reasons against a Passage to the North through it. — The Ships proceed down it, to the open Sea - - - - . 31s CHAP. V. The Inlet called Prince William's Sound. — Its Extent. — Per- sons of the Inhabitants described. — Their Dress. — Incision of their under Lip. — Various other Ornaments. — Their Boats. •.— Weapons, fishmg and hunting Instruments. — Utensils. — Tools. VOL. vi.^ » MC* i« ; k. , 1 ' ' Ji 1 J I Language, and a Specimen -Iron and Beads, whence Page 336 X CONTENTS. — Uses Iron is applied to/ — Food. - of it. — Animals. — Birds. — Fish. ■ received ... CHAP. VI. Progress along the Coast. — Cape Elizabeth. — Cape St. Hermo* genes. — Accounts of Beering's Voyage veiy defective. — Point Banks. — Cape Douglas. — Cape Bede. — Mount St. Augustin. — Hopes of finding a Passage up an Inlet. — The Ships proceed up it. — Indubitable Marks of its being a River. — Named Cook's River. — The Shipa return down it. -> Various Visits from the Natives. — Lieutenant King lands, and takes possession of the Country. — His Report. — The Resolution runs aground on a Shoal. — Reflections on the Discovery of Cook's River. — The considerable Tides in it accounted for •> - * 351 CHAP. VII. Discoveries after leaving Cook's River. — Island of St. Hermuf genes. — Cape Whitsunday. — Cape Greville. — Cape Barnabas. — Two-headed Point. — Trinity Island. — Beermg's Foggy Island. — > A beautiful Bird described. — Kodiak, and the Schu- magin Islands. — • A Russian Letter brought on board by a Native. — Conjectures about it. — Rock Point. — Halibut Island. — A Volcano Mountain. — Providential Escape. — Arrival of the Ships at.Oonalaschka. — Intercourse with the Natives there. — Another Russian Letter. — Samganoodha Harbour described S7a CHAP. VIIL Progress northward, after leaving Oonaloshka. — The Islands Oonella and Acootan. — Ooneemak. — Shallowness of the Water along the Coast. — Bristol Bay. — Round Island. -~ Calm Point. — Cape Newenhani. — Lieutenant Williamson lands, and his Report. —• Bristol Bay, and its extent. — The Ships obliged to return, on account of Shoals. — Natives come off to the Ships. — Death of Mr. Anderson; his Character; and Island named after him..— Point Rodney. — Sledge Island, and Remarks on landing there. — King.'s Island. — Cape Prince of Wales, the western Extreme of America. — Course westward. — Anchor in a Bay on the Coast of Asia ^ . . s$(y p CHAP. IX. Behaviour of the Natives, the Tschutski, on seeing the Ships. — Interview with some of them. — Their Weapons. — Persons. — Ornaments. — Clothing. — Winter and Summer Habitationtf. JMc^. CONTENTS. XI Specimen •1 s, whence ■$- Page 336 ■. t. Hermo<' '' i. — Point ■ Augustin. [M DFoceed icd Cook's s from the ion of the "S tund on a ''9 er.— The M 351 it. HerniUf Barnabas. g's Foggy the Schu- Dard by a [)ut Island. Arrival of ives there. described 37a e Islands the Water dm Point. , and his obliged to the Ships. id named marks on ^ales, the - Anchor 39a 1 .; '' Ships. — it-sons. — bitationb. The Ships cross the Strait to the Coast of America. — Pro- gress northward. — Cape Mulgrave. — Appearance of Fields of Ice. — Situation of Icy Cape. — The Sea blocked up with Ice. Sea-horses killed, and used as Provisions. — These Animals described. •— Dimensions of one of them. — Cape Lisburne. — Fruitless Attempts to get through the Ice, at a Distance from the Coast. — Observations on the Formation of this Ice. — Arrival on the Coast of Asia. — Cape North. — The Prosecu- tion of the Voyage deferred to the ensuing Year Page 409 CHAP. X. Return from Cape North, along the Coast of Asia. — Views of the Country. — Burney's Island. — Cape Serdze Kamen, the north- ern Limit of Beermg's Voyage. — Pass the East Cape of Asia. — Description and Situation of it. — Observations on MuUer. — The Tschutski. — Bay of St. Laurence. — Two other Bays, anJ Habitations of the Natives. — Beering's Cape Tschukot- skoi. — Beering's Position of this Coast accurate. — Island of Saint Laurence. — - Pass to the American Coast. — Cape Darby. — Bald Head. — Cape Denbigh, on a Peninsula..— Besborough Island. — Wood and Water pro<:ured. — Visits from the Natives. — Their Persons and Habitations. — Produce of the Country. — Marks that the Peninsula had formerly been surrounded by the Sea. — Lieutenant King's Report. — Norton Sound. — <- Lunar Observations there. — Staehlin's Map proved to be erroneous. — Plan of future Operations - . , 427 CHAP. XL Discoveries after leaving Norton Sound. — Stuart's Island. — Cape Stephens. — Point Shallow-water. — Shoals on the Ame- rican Coast. — Clerke's Island. — Gore's Island. — Pinnacle Island. — Arrival at Oonalashka. — Intercourse with the Natives and Russian Traders. — Charts of the Russian Discoveries, communicated by Mr. Ismyloif. — Their Errors pointed out. — Situation of the Islands visited by the Russians. — Account of their Settlement at Oonalashka. — Of the Natives of the Island. — Their Persons. — Dress. — Ornaments. — Food. — Houses, and domestic Utensils. — Manufactures. — Manner of pro- ducing Fire. — Canoes. — Fishing and hunting Implements. — Fishes, and Sea Animals. — Sea and Water Fowls, and Land Birds. — Land Animals and Vegetables. — Manner of burying their Dead. — Resemblance of the Natives on this Side of America to the Greenlanders and Esquimaux. — Tides. — Ob- servations for determining the Longitude of Oonalashka 147 ^ li if II' if il II 1 Xlt. CONTENTS. CHAP. XII. Diepartuie from Oonalashka^ and future Views.— The Island Amoghta. — Situation of a remarkable Rock. — The Strait be- tween Oonalashka and Oonella repassed.. — Progress to the South. — Melancholy Accident on l)oard the Discovery. — Mowee, one of the Sandwich Islands discovered. — Intercourse with the Natives, -p- Visit from Terreeoboo. — Another Island, called Owhyhee, discovered. — The Ships ply to windward to get round it. — An Eclipse of the Moon observed. •— The Crew refuse to drink Sugar-cane Beer. — Cordage deficient in Strength. — Commendiation of the Natives of Owhyhee. — The Resolution gets to windward of the Island. — Her Progress down the South-east. Coast. — Views of the Country, and Visits frpm the Natives. — The Discovery joins. — Slow Progress westward.— Karakakooa Bay exammed by Mr. Bligh. — Vast Concourse of the Natives.. — The Ships anchor in the Bay 48L. , ., ■ I" ■.■■iiU'.Uv. .i^iif^yil. ^'W^HSH — .{'riiC-'i :; v. '£<■■>.; I ' •!' . ^W ' 1 ^ •\ The Island lie Strait be- ress to the 'iscovery. — Intercourse ►ther Island, nndward to -The Crewr leficient in hee. — The r Progress ', and Visits IV Progress igh. — Vast eBay 48t VOYAGE To THE PACIFIC OCEAN, W> OKTKRMINX THE POSITION AND EXTENT OF THE WESTSIDE OF NORTH AMEn,r. ITS DISTANCE EHOM ASIA; AND THE PRACtTcAb"4v ' OF A NORTHERN PASSAGE TO EUROPE. MRFOaMBD UKDM THE DIRECTION OF CAPTAINS COOK, CLERKE, AND GORE IN HIS MAJESTY'S SHIPS THE RESOLUTION AND I,iscOVERV IV THE VEAK8 1 776, 1 777, 1 778, 1 779, and 1 780. VOL. II. WRITTEN BY CAPTAIN COOK. .m VOL. VI. 5 f. i'* I / VOYAGE TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN. BOOK III. transactions at otaheite, and the society islands; and prosecution of the voyage to the coast of north america. CHAP. I. AN ECLIPSE OF THE MOON OBSERVED. — THE ISLAND TOOBOUAI DISCOVERED. ITS SITUATION, EXTENT, AND APPEARANCE. — INTERCOURSE WITH ITS INHABITANTS. THEIR PERSONS, DRESSES, AND CANOES DESCRIBED. — ■ ARRIVAL IN OHEITEPEHA BAY AT OTAHEITE. — OMAl's RECEPTION, AND IMPRUDENT CONDUCT.— ACCOUNT OF SPANISH SHIPS TWICE VISITING THE ISLAND. INTER- VIEW WITH THE CHIEF OF THIS DISTRICT. THE OLLA, OR GOD, OF BOLABOLA. — A MAD PROPHET — ARRIVAL IN MATAVAI BAY. Having, as before related*, taken our final leave of the Friendly Islands, I now resume my narrative of the voyage. In the evening of the 17th of July, at eight o'clock, the body of £aoo bore north-east by north, distant three or four leagues. The wind was now at east, and blew a fresh gale. With it I stood to the south, till half an hour past six o'clock the next morning, when a sudden squall from the * See the conclusion of diap. ix. book ii. B 2 COOK .S VOYAGF. TO JULY, « HI f. I ll ! i !5i same direction took our sliip aback ; ami before tbe ships could be trimmed, on tbe otbcr tack, tbe main- sail and tbe top-gallant sails were mucb torn. Tbe wind kept between tbe soutb-west, and south- east, on tbe l})tb and ^;JOtb ; afterward it veered to to tbe east, nortb-east, and nortb. Tbe nigbt be- tween tbe 20tb and ^Ist, an eclipse of tbe moon was observed as follows ; being tben in tbe latitude of ^i^i" 57i' south : Apparont time, A. M. II. M. S. Beginning, by Mr. King, at 0 Mr. Bli " Myself, If. M. S. ;"t "I n ^i 5? 1 Mean long, hgh, at 0 'Mi 2.5 y ,gg„ .- *? f, at 0 S.'J 3r,3 '**** '^'*- End, by Mr. King, at 1 1-4- 56 1 Mr. Bligh, at 1 44 6 ^ Myself, at 1 U 56 Mean long. J 186° 28 J'. Time keep. ie«o nal' 186° 581'. The latitude and longitud** are those of the sln'p, at 8" 56"" A. M., being the time when the sun's altitude was taken for finding the apparent time. At the be- ginning of the eclipse, the moon was in the zenith ; so that it was found most convenient to make use of the sextants ; and to make the observations by the reflected image, which was brought down to a con- venient altitude. The same was done at the end ; except by Mr. King, who observed with a night te- lescope. Although the greatest difference between our several observations is more than fifty seconds, it, nevertheless, appeared to me, that two observers might differ more than double that time, in both the beginning and end. And though the times are noted to seconds, no such accuracy was pretended to. The odd seconds, set down above, arose by reducing the time, as given by tbe watch, to apparent time. I continued to stretch to the east south-east, with the wind at north-east and nortb, without meeting with any thing worthy of note, till seven o'clock in the evening of the 29tb ; when we had a sudden and >s, JULY, sfore the he main- id south- peered to light be- loon was titude of 1777. THK PACIFIC OCKAN. long. .57i'. long. keep. ' 581'. the sfiip, s altitude t the be- ) zenith ; e use of by the a con- e end ; ight te- etween econds, servers oth the e noted The ing the |5t, with leeting klock in len and very heavy squall of wind from the north. At this time, we were under single-reefed to)j-sails, courses, i and stay-sails. Two of the latter were blown to A pieces -y and it was with difficulty that we saved the i other sails. After this s(iuall, we observed several lights moving about on board the Discovery ; by which we concluded that something iiad given way ; and, the next morning, we saw that her main-top-mast had been lost. Both wind and weather continued very unsettled till noon, this day, when the latter cleared up, and the former settled in the north-west quarter. At this time, we were in t)j2 latitude of ^8° (i' south, and our longitude was 198° 23' east. Here we saw some pintado birds, being the first since we left the land. K On the 31 st, at noon. Captain Gierke made a sig- I nal to speak with me. By the return of the boat, i which I sent on board his ship, he informed me, that P the head of the main-mast had been discovered to be I sprung, in such a manner, as to render the rigging oi' another top-mast very dangerous ; and that, there- fore, he must rig something lighter in its place. He also informed me, that he had lost his main-top-gal- lantyard; and that he neither had another, nor a I spar to make one, on board. The Resolution's sprit- I sail top-sail-yard, which I sent him, supplied this k want. The next day, wegot up a jury top-mast, on I which he set a mizen-top-sail ; and this enabled him to keep way with the Resolution. The wind was fixed in the western board ; that is,, from the north, round by the west to south, and I steered east, and north-east, without meeting with any thing remarkable, till eleven o'clock in the morn- ing of the 8th of August, when the land was seen, bearing north north-east, nine or ten leagues distant. At first, it appeared in detached hills, like so many separate islands ; but as we drew nearer, we found that they were all connected, and belonged to one and the same island. I steered directly for it, with a fine B .3 cook's voyage to AUG. "I: gale at south>east by south ; and at half-past six o'clock m the aflernoon, it extended from north by east, to north north-east | east, distant three or four leagues. The night was spent standing off and on ; and, at day-break, the next morning, I steered for the north- west, or lee-side of the island ; and, as we stood round its south, or south-west part, we saw it every where guarded by a reef of coral rock, extending, in some places, a full mile from the land, and a high surf breaking upon it. Some thought that they saw land to the southward of this island ; but, as that was to the windward, it was left undetermined. As we drew near, we saw people on several parts of the the coast, walking, or running along shore ; and, i.i a little time, after we had reached the lee-side of the island, we saw them launch two canoes, inta which above a dozen men got, and paddled toward us. I now shortened sail, as well to give these canoes time to come up with us, as to sound for anchorage. At the distance of about half a mile from the reef» we found from forty to thirty-five fathoms' water, over a bottom of fine sand. Nearer in, the bottom was strewed with coral rocks. The canoes having ad- vanced to about the distance of a pistol-shot from the ship, there stopped. Omai was employed, as he usually had been on such occasions^ to use all his eloquence to prevail upon the men in them to come nearer ; but no intreaties could induce them to trust themselves within our reach. They kept eagerly pointing to the shore with their paddles, and calling to us to go thither j and several of their countrymen, who stood upon the beach, held up something white, which we considered also as an invitation to land. We could very well have done this, as there was good anchorage without the reef, and a break or opening in it, f i-om whence the canoes had come out, which had no surf upon it, and where, if there was not water for the ships, there was more than suffi- cient for the boats. But I did not think proper to 1^ I € 1777. THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 7 risk losing the advantage of a fair wind, for the sake of examining an island that appeared to be of little consequence. We stood in no need of refreshments, if I had been sure of meeting with them there ; and and having already been so unexpectedly delayed in my progress to the Society Islands, I was desirous of avoiding every possibility of farther retardment. For this reason, after making several unsuccessful attempts to induce these people to come alongside, I made sail to the north, and left them ; but not without getting from them, during their vicinitv to our shif), the name of their island, which they called Toobouai. It is situated in the latitude of ^S** 15' south ; and in 210° 37' east longitude. Its greatest extent, in any direction, exclusive of the reef, is not above five or six miles. On the north-\K^est side, the reef ap- pears in detached pieces, between which, the sea seems to break in upon the shore. Small as the island is, there are hills in it of a considerable elevation. At the foot of the hills, is a narrow border of flat land, running quite round it, edged with a white sai^d beach. The hills are covered with grass, or some other herbage, except a few steep, rocky cliffs at one part, with patches of trees interspersed to their summits. But the plantations are more numerous in some of the valleys ; and the flat border is quite covered with high, strong trees, whose different kinds we could not discern, except some cocoa-palms, and a few of the •etoa. According to the information of the men in the canoes, their island is stocked with hogs and fowls ; and produces the several fruits and roots that are found at the other islands in this part of the Pa- cific Ocean. We had an opportunity, firom the conversation we had with those who came off to us, of satisfying our- selves, that the inhabitants of Toobouai speak the Otaheite language ; a circumstance that indubitably proves them to be of the same nation. Those of them whom we saw in trie canoes, were a stout cop- B i nr J iJ: 1 • 1 f ' 1 t 1 8 COOK'S VOVAOE TO Ay:Q, per-coloured people, witli straight black hair, which some of them wore tied in a bunch on the crown of the head, and others, flowing about the shoulders. Their faces were somewhat round and full, but the features, upon the whole, rather flat ; and their countenances seemed to express some degree of na- tural ferocity. They had no covering but a piece of narrow stun wrapped about the waist, and made to pass between the thighs, to cover the adjoining parts; but some of those whom we sayr upon the beach, where about a hundred persons had assembled, were entirely clothed with a kind of white garment. We could observe, that some of our visitors, in the canoes, wore pearl shells, hung about the neck, as an orna- ment. One of them kept blowing a large conch-shell, to which a reed, near two feet long, was fixed ; at first, with a continued tone of the same kind ; but he, afterward, converted it into a kind of musical instru- ment, perpetually repeating two or three notes, with the same strength. What the blowing the conch portended, I cannot say ; but I never found it the messenger of peace. Their canoes appeared to be about thirty feet long, and two feet above the surface of the water as they floated. The forepart projected a little, and had a notch cut across, as if intended to represent the mouth of some animal. The afterpart rose with a gentle curve to the height of two or three feet, turning gradually smaller, and, as well as the upper < part of the sides, was carved all over. The rest of the sides, which were perpendicular, were curi- ously incrusted with flat, white shells, disposed nearly in concentric semicircles, with the curve upward. One of the canoes carried seven, and the other eight, men ; and they w^re managed with small paddles, whose blades were nearly round. Each of them had a pretty long outrigger ; and they sometimes paddled with the two opposite sides together so close, that they seemed to be one boat with two outriggers ; the rowers I 1777. THE I'ACIFIC OCEAN*. 9 turningtheir faces occasionally to the stern, and pulling that way, without paddling the canoes round. When they saw us determined to leave them, they stood up in their canoes, and repeated something very loudly in concert ; but we could not tell whether this was meant as a mark of their friendship or enmity. It is certain, however, that they had no weapons with them i nor could we perceive, with our glasses, that those on shore had any. After leaving this island, from the discovery of which future navigators may possibly derive some advantage, I steered to the north, with a fresh gale at £. by S., and at day-break in the morning of of the 12th, we saw the island of Maitea. Soon after, Otaheite made its appearance ; and at noon it extended from S. W. by W. to W.N.W. j the point of Oheitepeha Bay bearing W., about four leagues dis- tant. 1 steered for this bay, intending to anchor there, in order to draw what refreshments I could from the south-east part of the island, before I went down to Matavai ; from the neighbourhood of which station I expected my principal supply. We had a fresh gale easterly, till two o'clock in the afternoon ; when, being about a league from the bay, the wind suddenly died away, and was succeeded by baffling, light airs from every direction, and calms by turns. This lasted about two hours. Then we had sudden squalls, with rain, from the east. These carried us before the bay, where we got a breeze from the land, and attempted in vain to work in to gain the anchor- ing place. So that, at last, about nine o'clock, we were obliged to stand out, and to spend the night at sea. When we first drew near the island, several canoes came 06*10 the ship, each conducted by two or three men ; but as they were common fellows, Omai took no particular notice of them, nor they of him. They did not even seem to perceive that he was one of their countrymen, although they conversed with him >4 , I I 10 cook's voyage to AUG. for some time. At length, a chief whom I had known before, named Ootee, and Omai's brother-in- law, who chanced to be now at this corner of the island, and three or four more persons, all of whom knew Omat before he embarked with Captain Furneaux, came on board. Yet there was nothing either tender or striking in their meeting. On the contrary, there seemed to be a perfect indifference on both sides, till Omai, having taken his brother down into the cabin» opened the drawer where he kept his red feathers, and gave him a few. This being presently known amongst the rest of the natives upon deck, the face of aflairs was entirely turned, and Ootee, who would hardly speak to Omai before, now begged that they might be tai/os *, and exchange names. Omai ac- cepted of the honour, and confirmed it with a present of red feathers ; and Ootee, by way of return, sent ashore for a hog. But it was evident to every one of us, that it was not the man, but his property they were in love with. Had he not shown them his treasure of red feathers, which is the commodity in greatest es- timation at the island, I question much whether they would have bestowed even a cocoa-nut upon him. Such was Omai's first reception among his country- men. I own, I never expected it would be other- wise; but still, I was in hopes that the valuable cargo of presents with which the liberality of his friends in England had loaded him, would be the means of raising him into consequence, and of making him respected, and even courted by the first persons throughout the extent of the Society Islands. This could not but have happened, had he conducted himsolf with any degree of prudence ; but instead of it, I am sorry to say, that he paid too little regard to the repeated advice of those who wished him well, and suffered himself to be duped by every designing knave. "' * ' • * Friends. AUG. )m I had )rother-iii- the island, lom knew Purneaux, ier tender •ary, there sides, till the cabin, i feathers, tly known k, the face vho would that they Omai ac- I a present turn, sent ery one of they were ;reasure of reatest es- ether they ipon him. country- )e other- valuable ity of his d be the and of by the le Society ned, had ►rudence ; paid too hose who duped by 1777. THE PACIFIC OCEAN. It ^ From the natives who came off to us in the course of this day, we learnt that two ships had twice been in Oheitepeha Bay since my last visit to this island in 1774, and that they had left animals there, such as we had on board. But, on^ farther inquiry, we found they were only hogs, dogs, goats, one bull, and the male of some other animal, which, from the imper- fect description now given us, we could not find out. They told us that these ships had come from a place called Reema ; by which we guessed that Lima, the capital of Peru, was meant, and that these late visitors were Spaniards. We were informed, that the first time they came, they built a house and left four men behind them, viz, two priests, r boy or servant, and a fourth person called Mateema, wno was much spoken of at this time ; carrying away with them, when they sailed, four of the natives ; that in about ten months, the same two ships returned, bringing back two of the islanders, the other two having died at Lima ; and that, after a short stay, they took away their own people ; but that the house which they had built was lefl standing.
| 9,397 |
https://github.com/Pi-Man/PiE/blob/master/source/PerlinNoise2D.h
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| 2,022 |
PiE
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Pi-Man
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C
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Code
| 73 | 178 |
#ifndef _PERLIN_NOISE_2D
#define _PERLIN_NOISE_2D
#include <SDL.h>
#include "Utils.h"
class PerlinNoise2D
{
int hashTable[512];
double gradientDot(int hash, double x, double y) const;
double fade(double k) const;
public:
// create a new instance of noise with the given seed, or set the seed based on the program run time by default
PerlinNoise2D(long seed = SDL_GetTicks());
// get value at specified location
// * returns -1 to 1
double get(double x, double y) const;
};
#endif
| 48,948 |
4558892_1
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Court Listener
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Open Government
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Public Domain
| 2,020 |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 310 | 542 |
People v Thomas (2020 NY Slip Op 04791)
People v Thomas
2020 NY Slip Op 04791
Decided on August 26, 2020
Appellate Division, Second Department
Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431.
This opinion is uncorrected and subject to revision before publication in the Official Reports.
Decided on August 26, 2020
SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Appellate Division, Second Judicial Department
REINALDO E. RIVERA, J.P.
LEONARD B. AUSTIN
SYLVIA O. HINDS-RADIX
LINDA CHRISTOPHER, JJ.
2017-12080
(Ind. No. 3735/17)
[*1]The People of the State of New York, respondent,
vWilliam Thomas, appellant.
Paul Skip Laisure, New York, NY (Martin B. Sawyer of counsel), for appellant.
Eric Gonzalez, District Attorney, Brooklyn, NY (Leonard Joblove and Jodi L. Mandel of counsel), for respondent.
DECISION & ORDER
Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Martin P. Murphy, J.), rendered September 18, 2017, as amended October 4, 2017, convicting him of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the seventh degree, upon his plea of guilty, and imposing sentence. Assigned counsel has submitted a brief in accordance with Anders v California (386 US 738), in which he moves for leave to withdraw as counsel for the appellant.
ORDERED that the judgment, as amended, is affirmed.
We are satisfied with the sufficiency of the brief filed by the defendant's assigned counsel pursuant to Anders v California (386 US 738), and, upon an independent review of the record, we conclude that there are no nonfrivolous issues which could be raised on appeal. Counsel's application for leave to withdraw as counsel is, therefore, granted (see id.; Matter of Giovanni S. [Jasmin A.], 89 AD3d 252; People v Paige, 54 AD2d 631; cf. People v Gonzalez, 47 NY2d 606).
RIVERA, J.P., AUSTIN, HINDS-RADIX and CHRISTOPHER, JJ., concur.
ENTER:
Aprilanne Agostino
Clerk of the Court.
| 22,306 |
https://github.com/simonjantsch/switss/blob/master/switss/problem/qsheurparams.py
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| 2,022 |
switss
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simonjantsch
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Python
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Code
| 1,140 | 3,453 |
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod, abstractclassmethod
import numpy as np
class Initializer(ABC):
"""Abstract base class for QSHeur-initializers. An initializer
computes the initial objective function :math:`\mathbf{o}_0` of a QSHeur-problem.
"""
def __init__(self, reachability_form, mode, indicator_to_group, **kwargs):
"""
:param reachability_form: The reachability-form that should be minimized.
Computation of objective function may or may not be dependent on the reachability-form.
:type reachability_form: model.ReachabilityForm
:param mode: QSHeur-mode, i.e. "max" or "min"
:type mode: str
:param indicator_to_group: mapping from group indices to sets of states/state-action pairs. If label-based
minimization was not choosen, every group consists of one state/state-action pair only.
If label-based minimization was choosen, every group corresponds to one of the specified labels
and yields all states that belong to this label.
:type indicator_to_group: utils.InvertibleDict
"""
assert mode in ["max", "min"]
self.reachability_form = reachability_form
self.mode = mode
self.indicator_to_group = indicator_to_group
self.groups = self.indicator_to_group.keys()
self.variables = self.indicator_to_group.inv.keys()
@abstractmethod
def initialize(self):
"""Computes the initial objective function :math:`\mathbf{o}_0` for a QSHeur-run as a list of index/
coefficient pairings. Every entry is a tuple :math:`(v, \mathbf{o}_{0}(v))` where :math:`v` corresponds
to some group index :math:`v \in V`.
:return: The initial objective function
:rtype: List[Tuple[int,float]]
"""
pass
def __repr__(self):
return type(self).__name__
class Updater(ABC):
"""Abstract base class for QSHeur-updaters. An updater
computes the new objective function :math:`\mathbf{o}_{i+1}` after each QSHeur-iteration. Computation may
or may not be dependent on the last result vector :math:`QS(i)`.
"""
def __init__(self, reachability_form, mode, indicator_to_group, **kwargs):
"""
:param reachability_form: The reachability-form that should be minimized.
Computation of objective function may or may not be dependent on the reachability-form.
:type reachability_form: model.ReachabilityForm
:param mode: QSHeur-mode, i.e. "max" or "min"
:type mode: str
:param indicator_to_group: mapping from group indices to sets of states/state-action pairs. If label-based
minimization was not choosen, every group consists of one state/state-action pair only.
If label-based minimization was choosen, every group corresponds to one of the specified labels
and yields all states that belong to this label.
:type indicator_to_group: utils.InvertibleDict
"""
assert mode in ["max", "min"]
self.reachability_form = reachability_form
self.mode = mode
self.indicator_to_group = indicator_to_group
self.groups = self.indicator_to_group.keys()
self.variables = self.indicator_to_group.inv.keys()
@abstractmethod
def update(self, last_result):
"""
Computes the updated objective function :math:`\mathbf{o}_{i+1}` for a QSHeur-run as a list of index/
coefficient pairings. Every entry is a tuple :math:`(v, \mathbf{o}_{0}(v))` where :math:`v` corresponds
to some group index :math:`v \in V`.
:param last_result: The past result vector :math:`QS(i)`.
:return: The updated objective function
:rtype: List[Tuple[int,float]
"""
pass
@abstractmethod
def constraints(self, last_result):
"""
Computes a list of linear constraints that are added to the LP.
Every linear constraint is given as a tuple :math:`(((i_1,a_1),\dots,(i_m,a_m)),\circ,b)`,
where :math:`\circ \in \{ \leq, \geq, = \}`, :math:`i_1,\dots,i_m \in \mathbb{N}` are the variable indicies
that influence the constraint and :math:`a_1,\dots,a_m \in \mathbb{R}` are their respective coefficients.
:math:`b` is the right hand side of the resulting equation. This expresses the constraint
.. math::
\sum_{j=1}^m a_j \mathbf{x}_{i_j} \circ b
where :math:`\mathbf{x}` is the vector of variables.
:param last_result: The past result vector :math:`QS(i)`.
:type last_result: List[Tuple[List[Tuple[int,float]], str, float]]
"""
pass
def __repr__(self):
return type(self).__name__
class AllOnesInitializer(Initializer):
"""Gives each group the same weight, i.e.
.. math::
\mathbf{o}_0(v) = 1, \quad \\forall v \in V
"""
def __init__(self, indicator_to_group, **kwargs):
super(AllOnesInitializer, self).__init__(None, "min", indicator_to_group)
def initialize(self):
return [(group,1) for group in self.groups]
class InverseResultUpdater(Updater):
"""Gives most weight to groups that were removed in the last iteration (i.e. :math:`QS_{\sigma}(i)(v) = 0`)
and increases weight of groups that are already close to beeing removed (i.e. small :math:`QS_{\sigma}(i)(v)`):
.. math::
\mathbf{o}_{i+1}(v) = \\begin{cases}
1/QS_{\sigma}(i)(v) & QS_{\sigma}(i)(v) > 0, \\\
C & QS_{\sigma}(i)(v) = 0
\end{cases}, \quad \\forall v \in V.
where :math:`C \gg 0`.
"""
def update(self, last_result):
C = np.min([np.max([0,1e8] + [1/last_result[group] for group in self.groups if last_result[group] != 0]),1e9])
objective = [(group, np.min([1/last_result[group],C]) if last_result[group] > 0 else C) for group in self.groups]
return objective
def constraints(self, last_result):
return []
class InverseResultFixedZerosUpdater(Updater):
def update(self, last_result):
return [((group, 1/last_result[group]) if last_result[group] > 0 else (group,0.)) for group in self.groups]
def constraints(self, last_result):
# if fix_zero_states is enabled, every group that has a 0-entry in the
# result vector will be constrained to equal 0 in the coming LPs
ret = []
for group in self.groups:
if last_result[group] == 0:
constraint = ([(group,1.)], "=", 0)
ret.append(constraint)
return ret
class InverseReachabilityInitializer(Initializer):
"""Gives groups the most weight that have a low probability of reaching the goal state.
If the objective function has to be computed for the z-Form, we compute the average goal reachability
probability over all states that are in the group and then return the inverse value:
.. math::
\mathbf{o}_0(v) = \left( \\frac{1}{|S_v|} \sum_{s \in S_v}
\mathbf{Pr}_s^{\\text{min}}(\diamond \\text{goal}) \\right)^{-1}
This gives a high weight to groups that have a low probability of reaching the goal state.
If the objective function has to be computed for the y-Form, we compute the average goal reachability
probability over the states that are yield by the state-action pairs.
Let
.. math::
\mathbf{x}((s,a)) = \mathbf{P}((s,a),\\text{goal}) + \sum_{d \in S}
\mathbf{P}((s,a),d) \mathbf{Pr}^{\\text{min}}_d(\diamond \\text{goal})
We then define
.. math::
\mathbf{o}_0(v) = \left( \\frac{1}{|\mathcal{M}_v|} \sum_{(s,a) \in \mathcal{M}_v} \mathbf{x}((s,a)) \\right)^{-1}
The reasoning is similar to the z-Form; state-action pairs that yield states which have a low probability
of reaching the goal state get a high weight.
"""
def __init__(self, reachability_form, mode, indicator_to_group, solver="cbc"):
super(InverseReachabilityInitializer, self).__init__(reachability_form, mode, indicator_to_group)
self.solver = solver
self.Pr = None
if self.mode == "min":
# if mode is min, each variable in a group corresponds to a state
Pr_x = self.reachability_form.max_z_state(solver=self.solver)
assert (Pr_x > 0).all()
self.Pr = Pr_x
else:
# if mode is max, each variable in a group corresponds to a state-action pair index
Pr_x_a = self.reachability_form.max_z_state_action(solver=self.solver)
assert (Pr_x_a > 0).all()
self.Pr = Pr_x_a
def initialize(self):
ret = []
for group in self.groups:
variables = self.indicator_to_group[group]
variablecount = len(variables)
weighted_probability = sum([self.Pr[var] for var in variables])/variablecount
ret.append((group, np.min([1e9,1/weighted_probability])))
return ret
class InverseFrequencyInitializer(Initializer):
""""""
def __init__(self, reachability_form, mode, indicator_to_group, solver="cbc"):
super(InverseFrequencyInitializer, self).__init__(reachability_form, mode, indicator_to_group)
self.solver = solver
self.E = None
if self.mode == "min":
# if mode is min, each variable in a group corresponds to a state
E_x = self.reachability_form.max_y_state(solver=self.solver)
self.E = E_x
else:
# if mode is max, each variable in a group corresponds to a state-action pair index
E_x_a = self.reachability_form.max_y_state_action(solver=self.solver)
self.E = E_x_a
def initialize(self):
ret = []
for group in self.groups:
variables = self.indicator_to_group[group]
expected_val_sum = sum([self.E[var] for var in variables])
ret.append((group, np.min([1e9,1/expected_val_sum]) if expected_val_sum > 0 else 1e8))
return ret
class InverseCombinedInitializer(Initializer):
def __init__(self, reachability_form, mode, indicator_to_group, solver="cbc"):
super(InverseCombinedInitializer, self).__init__(reachability_form, mode, indicator_to_group)
self.solver = solver
self.E = None
if self.mode == "min":
# if mode is min, each variable in a group corresponds to a state
E_x = self.reachability_form.max_y_state(solver=self.solver)
Pr_x = self.reachability_form.max_z_state(solver=self.solver)
self.V = E_x*Pr_x
else:
# if mode is max, each variable in a group corresponds to a state-action pair index
E_x_a = self.reachability_form.max_y_state_action(solver=self.solver)
Pr_x_a = self.reachability_form.max_z_state_action(solver=self.solver)
self.V = E_x_a*Pr_x_a
def initialize(self):
ret = []
for group in self.groups:
variables = self.indicator_to_group[group]
expected_val_sum = sum([self.V[var] for var in variables])
ret.append((group, np.min([1e9,1/expected_val_sum]) if expected_val_sum > 0 else 1e8))
return ret
| 30,029 |
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%20%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Собор святых земли Эстонской
|
https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Собор святых земли Эстонской&action=history
|
Russian
|
Spoken
| 417 | 1,345 |
Собо́р святы́х земли́ Эсто́нской (также Собор Святых, в земле Эстонской просиявших, Собор Эстонских святых, эст. Eestimaa Pühakute kogu) — православный праздник (собор).
Установлен в Русской православной церкви и Эстонской православной церкви Московского патриархата в честь православных святых, чья жизнь была связана с Эстонией. Совершатся 18 ноября (1 декабря по новому стилю).
История
Собор был установлен 22 июля 2002 года указом патриарха Московского и всея Руси Алексия II по ходатайству митрополита Таллинского и Эстонского Корнилия.
Согласно указу была написана и икона «Собор святых земли Эстонской», которая находится в Таллинском Александро-Невском кафедральном соборе. На иконе, кроме святых, изображены явление Божией Матери недалеко от будущего Пюхтицкого монастыря, почитаемая икона Успения Божией Матери, хранящаяся в монастыре, Успенский собор монастыря и таллинский Александро-Невский кафедральный собор. Существуют и другие иконографии праздника.
Были составлены литургические тексты, в том числе канон, в котором упоминаются имена 17 святых, которых можно разделить на три группы по времени их подвига: первая — древнейшие подвижники Православия, вторая — продолжатели благочестивых подвигов времён Российской империи; третья группа — новомученики и исповедники, пострадавшие от рук советской власти.
Впервые празднование Собора святых, в земле Эстонской просиявших, состоялось 21 декабря 2002 года в Таллинском кафедральном соборе Александра Невского. Богослужение совершил митрополит Таллинский и всея Эстонии Корнилий в сослужении духовенства Эстонской церкви Московского патриархата. С тех пор подобные службы проходят ежегодно.
Список святых
Благоверный великий князь Александр Невский, в схиме Алексий († 1263, память 30 августа, 23 ноября)
Священномученик Исидор Юрьевский и с ним 72 пострадавшие († 1472, память 8 января)
Преподобная Васса Псково-Печерская († ок. 1473, память 19 марта)
Преподобный Иона Псково-Печерский († ок. 1480, память 29 марта)
Преподобный Серапион Псковский, Спасо-Елеазаровский († 1482, память 15 мая, 7 сентября)
Преподобномученик Корнилий Псково-Печерский († 1570, память 20 февраля)
Священномученик Арсений (Мацеевич), митрополит Ростовский († 1772, память 28 февраля)
Праведный Иоанн Кронштадтский, протоиерей, чудотворец († 1908, память 20 декабря)
Священномученик Иоанн Кочуров († 1917, память 31 октября)
Священномученики Александр Волков и Димитрий Чистосердов Ивангородские († 1918, память 26 декабря)
Священномученик Сергий Флоринский, Раквереский († 1918, память 17 декабря, 19 июня)
Священномученики Платон (Кульбуш), епископ Ревельский, Михаил Блейве и Николай Бежаницкий, протоиереи († 1919, память 1 января)
Святитель Агафангел (Преображенский), исповедник, митрополит Ярославский († 1923, память 3 октября)
Священномученик Николай Сиймо, пресвитер Кронштадтский († 1931, память 5 апреля)
Священномученик Карп Эльб († 1937, память 11 сентября)
См. также
Православие в Эстонии
Собор всех святых, в земле Литовской просиявших
Примечания
Ссылки
СОБОР ЭСТОНСКИХ СВЯТЫХ // «Древо»
2013-11-30 Собор Святых земли Эстонской
Собор святых Эстонской земли
Эстонские
Русские православные святые
Эстонская православная церковь Московского патриархата
Русские в Эстонии
| 30,492 |
2021/32021D0432/32021D0432_RO.txt_1
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Eurlex
|
Open Government
|
CC-By
| 2,021 |
None
|
None
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Romanian
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Spoken
| 1,260 | 2,697 |
L_2021086RO.01001401.xml
12.3.2021
RO
Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene
L 86/14
DECIZIA (UE) 2021/432 A BĂNCII CENTRALE EUROPENE
din 1 martie 2021
de modificare a Deciziei (UE) 2017/1198 privind raportarea de către autoritățile naționale competente a planurilor de finanțare ale instituțiilor de credit către Banca Centrală Europeană (BCE/2021/7)
CONSILIUL GUVERNATORILOR BĂNCII CENTRALE EUROPENE,
având în vedere Tratatul privind funcționarea Uniunii Europene,
având în vedere Regulamentul (UE) nr. 1024/2013 al Consiliului din 15 octombrie 2013 de conferire a unor atribuţii specifice Băncii Centrale Europene în ceea ce privește politicile legate de supravegherea prudențială a instituțiilor de credit (1), în special articolul 6 alineatul (2),
având în vedere Regulamentul (UE) nr. 468/2014 al Băncii Centrale Europene din 16 aprilie 2014 de instituire a cadrului de cooperare la nivelul Mecanismului unic de supraveghere între Banca Centrală Europeană și autoritățile naționale competente și cu autoritățile naționale desemnate (Regulamentul-cadru privind MUS) (BCE/2014/17) (2), în special articolul 21,
având în vedere propunerea Consiliului de supraveghere,
întrucât:
(1)
Decizia (UE) 2017/1198 a Băncii Centrale Europene (3) impune autorităților naționale competente să transmită Băncii Centrale Europene (BCE) planurile de finanțare ale anumitor instituții de credit semnificative și mai puțin semnificative și stabilește proceduri armonizate pentru transmiterea către BCE a acelor planuri de finanțare.
(2)
Pentru a asigura practici de supraveghere consecvente, eficiente și eficace și pentru a facilita raportarea planurilor de finanțare, Decizia (UE) 2017/1198 impune ca planurile de finanțare să fie raportate în conformitate cu modelele și definițiile armonizate menționate în modelul de plan de finanțare anexat la Ghidul Autorității Bancare Europene (ABE) privind definițiile și modelele armonizate pentru planurile de finanțare ale instituțiilor de credit în temeiul Recomandării A4 din CERS/2012/2 (EBA/GL/2014/04) (4).
(3)
Ghidul ABE privind definițiile și modelele armonizate pentru planurile de finanțare ale instituțiilor de credit în conformitate cu Recomandarea A4 din CERS/2012/2 (EBA/GL/2014/04) au fost abrogate și înlocuite de la 31 decembrie 2020 cu Ghidul ABE privind definițiile armonizate și formularele pentru planurile de finanțare ale instituțiilor de credit în conformitate cu Recomandarea Comitetului european pentru risc sistemic din 20 decembrie 2012 (CERS/2012/2) (5) (denumit în continuare „Ghidul ABE din 2019”).
(4)
În scopul exclusiv al îndeplinirii atribuțiilor care îi sunt conferite în temeiul articolului 4 alineatele (1) și (2) și al articolului 5 alineatul (2) din Regulamentul (UE) nr. 1024/2013, BCE este considerată, după caz, autoritatea competentă sau autoritatea desemnată a statelor membre participante, în conformitate cu dreptul Uniunii. Prin urmare, BCE se numără printre destinatarii Ghidului ABE din 2019.
(5)
Decizia ABE privind raportarea în scopuri de supraveghere de către autoritățile competente către ABE (EBA/DC/2020/334) (6), de abrogare a Deciziei ABE din 23 septembrie 2015 (EBA/DC/2015/130), impune autorităților competente să transmită date privind planurile de finanțare ale tuturor instituțiilor de credit aflate în sfera lor de supraveghere, în conformitate cu Ghidul ABE din 2019. În plus, decizia ABE respectivă clasifică toate instituțiile de credit fie ca „cele mai mari instituții din statul membru”, fie ca „instituții mai mici” în scopul stabilirii termenelor pentru transmiterea către ABE a datelor solicitate de la autoritățile competente. Este potrivit ca BCE să țină seama de aceste clasificări.
(6)
Pentru a alinia raportarea către BCE de către autoritățile naționale competente a planurilor de finanțare ale instituțiilor de credit la cele mai recente definiții armonizate și formulare din Ghidul ABE din 2019 și pentru a asigura conformitatea cu Decizia ABE EBA/DC/2020/334, Decizia (UE) 2017/1198 ar trebui modificată în mod corespunzător,
ADOPTĂ PREZENTA DECIZIE:
Articolul 1
Modificări ale Deciziei (UE) 2017/1198 (BCE/2017/21)
Decizia (UE) 2017/1198 (BCE/2017/21) se modifică după cum urmează:
1.
Articolul 3 se înlocuiește cu următorul text:
„Articolul 3
Cerințe pentru raportarea planurilor de finanțare
(1) Autoritățile naționale competente transmit BCE planurile de finanțare conforme cu Ghidul ABE privind definițiile armonizate și formularele pentru planurile de finanțare ale instituțiilor de credit în conformitate cu Recomandarea Comitetului european pentru risc sistemic din 20 decembrie 2012 (CERS/2012/2) (*1) (denumit în continuare «Ghidul ABE din 2019») ale următoarelor instituții de credit cu sediul în statele membre participante respective ale acestora:
(a)
instituții de credit semnificative aflate la cel mai înalt nivel de consolidare în statele membre participante, pe bază consolidată;
(b)
instituții de credit semnificative care nu fac parte dintr-un grup supravegheat, pe bază individuală;
(c)
instituții de credit mai puțin semnificative pentru care autoritatea națională competentă relevantă colectează planurile de finanțare în conformitate cu Ghidul ABE din 2019.
(2) Autoritățile naționale competente care colectează planurile de finanțare ale instituțiilor de credit semnificative care nu sunt menționate la alineatul (1) literele (a) și (b) transmit BCE aceste planuri de finanțare, în cazul în care aceste planuri respectă Ghidul ABE din 2019.
(3) Planurile de finanțare sunt transmise BCE în conformitate cu instrucțiunile armonizate și formularele prevăzute în Ghidul ABE din 2019. Planurile de finanțare au data de referință pentru raportare 31 decembrie a anului precedent.
În cazul în care legislația națională permite instituțiilor de credit să își raporteze informațiile financiare pe baza sfârșitului exercițiului lor contabil, care este diferit de sfârșitul anului calendaristic, cel mai recent sfârșit de exercițiu contabil disponibil se consideră dată de referință pentru raportare.
(*1) EBA/GL/2019/05. Disponibilă pe website-ul ABE.”"
2.
Articolul 4 se înlocuiește cu următorul text:
„Articolul 4
Datele de transmitere
(1) Autoritățile naționale competente relevante transmit BCE planurile de finanțare ale următoarelor instituții de credit până la ora 12.00 CET din a zecea zi lucrătoare următoare datei de 15 martie:
(a)
planurile de finanțare ale instituțiilor de credit menționate la articolul 3 alineatul (1) litera (a) și la articolul 3 alineatul (1) litera (b);
(b)
planurile de finanțare ale instituțiilor de credit menționate la articolul 3 alineatul (1) litera (c) și la articolul 3 alineatul (2), în cazul în care acestea sunt incluse în lista celor mai mari instituții din statul membru publicată de ABE în temeiul articolului 2 alineatul (6) din Decizia ABE EBA/DC/2020/334 (*2).
(2) Planurile de finanțare ale tuturor instituțiilor de credit care nu sunt menționate la alineatul (1) sunt puse la dispoziția BCE de către autoritățile naționale competente relevante până la ora 12.00 CET din a 25-a zi lucrătoare următoare datei de 15 martie.
(*2) Disponibilă pe website-ul ABE.”"
3.
La articolul 5, alineatul (1) se înlocuiește cu următorul text:
„(1) Autoritățile naționale competente monitorizează și evaluează calitatea și fiabilitatea datelor puse la dispoziția BCE. Autoritățile naționale competente aplică normele de validare relevante elaborate, actualizate și publicate de ABE. Autoritățile naționale competente efectuează, de asemenea, verificările suplimentare privind calitatea datelor definite de BCE în cooperare cu autoritățile naționale competente.”
4.
La articolul 7, alineatul (1) se înlocuiește cu următorul text:
„(1) Autoritățile naționale competente transmit datele prevăzute de prezenta decizie utilizând clasificarea eXtensible Business Reporting Language aplicabilă, pentru a asigura un format tehnic uniform pentru schimbul de date privind Ghidul ABE din 2019.”
5.
Se introduce următorul articol 8a:
„Articolul 8a
Prima dată de referință pentru raportare în 2021
Prima dată de referință pentru raportare în 2021, în temeiul articolul 3, este 31 decembrie 2020. Se aplică articolul 3 alineatul (3) al doilea paragraf.”
Articolul 2
Dispoziții finale
Prezenta decizie produce efecte de la data notificării sale către destinatari.
Articolul 3
Destinatari
Prezenta decizie se adresează autorităților naționale competente din statele membre participante.
Adoptată la Frankfurt pe Main,1 martie 2021.
Președintele BCE
Christine LAGARDE
(1) JO L 287, 29.10.2013, p. 63.
(2) JO L 141, 14.5.2014, p. 1.
(3) Decizia (UE) 2017/1198 a Băncii Centrale Europene din 27 iunie 2017 privind raportarea de către autoritățile naționale competente a planurilor de finanțare ale instituțiilor de credit către Banca Centrală Europeană (BCE/2017/21) (JO L 172, 5.7.2017, p. 32).
(4) Disponibil pe website-ul ABE.
(5) EBA/GL/2019/05.
(6) Disponibilă pe website-ul ABE.
| 29,546 |
US-201916506896-A_2
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USPTO
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Open Government
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Public Domain
| 2,019 |
None
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None
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English
|
Spoken
| 2,194 | 2,749 |
As the new chunks are copied to the cloud store 778, they can be marked dead so that they can be removed from local storage and that space can be reclaimed by a garbage collection process, which may be performed by the deduplication system. In particular, and with reference to FIG. 6, the local version of the copied chunks can be dumped to a local container 780. At or about the same time, references to the copied chunks in the cloud store can be maintained at the local deduplication system using a data structure representation so that the chunks in the cloud store can be later recalled in the event of an access request from a user concerning the namespace object that represents those chunks.
Finally, the file object 770 that has been salted with salt 774 will expire according to the conditions of that salt. At that time, the file object 770 will be removed from the cloud store and deposited in a cloud store 782 for deleted items.
As will be apparent from the discussion of FIG. 6, and the other disclosure herein, similar methods to fine-grained recall can be used if, retrospectively, the retention of an object stored within the deduplication domain is changed such that it needs to be preserved for a longer period of time. In this situation, the specific objects can be recalled from the salted deduplication domain in the cloud and re-written into a newly salted deduplication domain thus creating a subsequent salted deduplication domain ready for tiering to the cloud. As noted above, a data structure representation of the objects can be used to facilitate such a recall process.
In addition to those noted above, yet other benefits attend the tiering of salted content to cloud storage. For example, another benefit of content salting for tiering deduplication domains to the cloud is the ability to consume cloud storage using primitive object interfaces such as S3. As well, with sufficient metadata to describe the structure of the salted deduplication domain and the objects it represents in the cloud, it is possible to use range offset instructions provided by the cloud store to recall and reconstruct individual objects, such as a file or backup for example, contained within the salted deduplication domain.
H. Salted Data Scrubbing in a Cloud Store
With attention now to FIG. 7, details are provided concerning an arrangement and process for scrubbing data chunks in a cloud store that includes one or more salted deduplication domains. In general, scrubbing refers to any processes for detecting and removing, or correcting, any stored information that has an error or problem. With respect to tiered salted deduplication domains that reside in cloud storage, it may be time and/or cost prohibitive for a user to recall the stored data, scrub the recalled data, and then return the cleaned up data store to the cloud. Thus, it would be useful to be able to scrub the stored data at the cloud and thereby avoid the need for data recall processes.
Accordingly, embodiments of the invention may employ a cloud store scrubbing engine (such as cloud store scrubbing engine 402 see FIG. 1) to perform out-of-band data scrubbing. As such, the scrubbing function can be localized to a compute instance located in, or otherwise associated with, the same cloud computing environment that supports the cloud store where the salted deduplication domain(s) is/are located. In some embodiments, the compute instance can take the form of a virtual machine (VM), although that is not necessarily required. The compute instance can be dedicated to the scrubbing function. As well, the compute instance can be employed on an as-needed or on-demand basis, remaining offline until a scrubbing process for a salted deduplication domain is requested.
With particular reference now to FIG. 7, a scrubbing configuration 750 may embrace a deduplication system 752 (or, for example, a deduplication environment 350 FIG. 1) that resides at a local premises, such as a user location for example. The deduplication system 752 is configured to communicate with a cloud computing environment 754 that includes, among other things, a cloud store 756 and a scrubbing engine 758.
In operation, a backup can be performed by, or at the direction of, the deduplication system 752 and the backup copy transmitted to the cloud store 756 for storage and later restoration, if required. Scrubbing of the data in the cloud store 756, such as one or more salted deduplication domains for example, can be performed by the scrubbing engine 758. The scrubbing process can be initiated ad hoc by a user at the local premises, and/or can be performed according to a particular time schedule, and/or on any other basis. As well, the scrubbing engine 758 can prepare and send to the local premises a report of the actions performed in connection with one or more salted deduplication domains located at the cloud store 756.
I. Example Computing Devices and Associated Media
The embodiments disclosed herein may include the use of a special purpose or general-purpose computer including various computer hardware or software modules, as discussed in greater detail below. A computer may include a processor and computer storage media carrying instructions that, when executed by the processor and/or caused to be executed by the processor, perform any one or more of the methods disclosed herein.
As indicated above, embodiments within the scope of the present invention also include computer storage media, which are physical media for carrying or having computer-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. Such computer storage media can be any available physical media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
By way of example, and not limitation, such computer storage media can comprise hardware such as solid state disk (SSD), RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM, flash memory, phase-change memory (“PCM”), or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other hardware storage devices which can be used to store program code in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures, which can be accessed and executed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer system to implement the disclosed functionality of the invention. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer storage media. Such media are also examples of non-transitory storage media, and non-transitory storage media also embraces cloud-based storage systems and structures, although the scope of the invention is not limited to these examples of non-transitory storage media.
Computer-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions and data which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts disclosed herein are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
As used herein, the term ‘module’ or ‘component’ can refer to software objects or routines that execute on the computing system. The different components, modules, engines, and services described herein may be implemented as objects or processes that execute on the computing system, for example, as separate threads. While the system and methods described herein can be implemented in software, implementations in hardware or a combination of software and hardware are also possible and contemplated. In the present disclosure, a ‘computing entity’ may be any computing system as previously defined herein, or any module or combination of modules running on a computing system.
In at least some instances, a hardware processor is provided that is operable to carry out executable instructions for performing a method or process, such as the methods and processes disclosed herein. The hardware processor may or may not comprise an element of other hardware, such as the computing devices and systems disclosed herein.
In terms of computing environments, embodiments of the invention can be performed in client-server environments, whether network or local environments, or in any other suitable environment. Suitable operating environments for at least some embodiments of the invention include cloud computing environments where one or more of a client, server, or target virtual machine may reside and operate in a cloud environment.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
What is claimed is:
1. A method, comprising: receiving, at a cloud storage site, chunks that each take the form of a hash of a combination that comprises a plurality of salts and a file object, and one of the salts is a retention salt shared by the chunks; monitoring a time period associated with the retention salt; when the time period has expired, removing the chunks that include the retention salt; and depositing the removed chunks in a deleted items cloud store.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein receiving the chunks comprises receiving an object that includes the chunks, and removing and depositing the chunks comprises removing the object and depositing the object in the deleted items cloud store.
3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein all the chunks are received from a common container of a local premises site that is remote from the cloud storage site.
4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein one of the salts is a user-specific salt.
5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein removing and depositing the chunks is performed without the use of a copy-forward garbage collection process.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the chunks are received from a deduplication system.
7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the chunks are received at the cloud storage site as part of a tiering process in which the chunks are stored at the cloud storage site according to a particular priority of the chunks relative to other chunks that are, or will be, stored at the cloud storage site.
8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the chunks are stored in a content salted deduplication domain at the cloud storage site.
9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein when received at the cloud storage site, the chunks are contained in a container and are then stored in an object store of the cloud storage site.
10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise scrubbing chunks stored at the cloud storage site.
11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising: receiving, at a cloud storage site, chunks that each take the form of a hash of a combination that comprises a plurality of salts and a file object, and one of the salts is a retention salt shared by the chunks; monitoring a time period associated with the retention salt; when the time period has expired, removing the chunks that include the retention salt; and depositing the removed chunks in a deleted items cloud store.
12. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein receiving the chunks comprises receiving an object that includes the chunks, and removing and depositing the chunks comprises removing the object and depositing the object in the deleted items cloud store.
13. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein all the chunks are received from a common container of a local premises site that is remote from the cloud storage site.
14. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein one of the salts is a user-specific salt.
15. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein removing and depositing the chunks is performed without the use of a copy-forward garbage collection process.
16. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the chunks are received from a deduplication system.
17. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the chunks are received at the cloud storage site as part of a tiering process in which the chunks are stored at the cloud storage site according to a particular priority of the chunks relative to other chunks that are, or will be, stored at the cloud storage site.
18. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the chunks are stored in a content salted deduplication domain at the cloud storage site.
19. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein when received at the cloud storage site, the chunks are contained in a container and are then stored in an object store of the cloud storage site.
20. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise scrubbing chunks stored at the cloud storage site..
| 33,976 |
https://github.com/watanabe-alex/controle-estoque/blob/master/app/Product.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
controle-estoque
|
watanabe-alex
|
PHP
|
Code
| 73 | 175 |
<?php
namespace App;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Product extends Model
{
//esse código só precisa se não estiver no padrão
//public $tableName = "tabela_produtos"; //se tiver outro nome a tabela diferente do plural da classe
//public $primaryKey = "id_da_tabela"; //se tiver com outro nome o id diferente de "id"
//public $timestamps = false; //se não estiver trabalhando com timestamps
//isso faz o inner join do mysql
public function user() {
return $this->belongsTo('App\User');
}
}
| 32,310 |
https://github.com/HiRoFa/GreenCopperRuntime/blob/master/src/modules/mod.rs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
GreenCopperRuntime
|
HiRoFa
|
Rust
|
Code
| 40 | 122 |
use hirofa_utils::js_utils::facades::JsRuntimeBuilder;
pub mod com;
pub mod db;
pub mod io;
pub mod lib;
pub mod util;
pub(crate) fn init<B: JsRuntimeBuilder>(builder: B) -> B {
//com::init(builder);
let builder = db::init(builder);
let builder = io::init(builder);
let builder = lib::init(builder);
util::init(builder)
}
| 5,776 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49870488
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,018 |
Stack Exchange
|
English
|
Spoken
| 116 | 199 |
what is the laravel command to deploy the enter database without seed?
Hi i would like to command to deploy the entire database without seed. and I have some other questions as well related to laravel. I want to convert following sql query to laravel eloquent format.
select * from user where id = '123' and password = 'abcd';
select name, address from user where lower('name') like lower('%Jerry%');
If you mean to create database structure without data then it is
php artisan migrate
For your second question your queries would be:
User::where(‘id’, 123)->where(‘password’, ‘abcd’)->first();
User::whereRaw(‘lower(name) like lower(“%Jerry%”))->first();
You need to have user model for that. I recommend to read eloquent documentation to have a proper understanding.
| 25,182 |
|
sn86076142_1920-06-10_1_1_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 3,025 | 4,685 |
TONOPA Daily Bonanza METAL QUOTATIONS SILVER QUICKSILVER $100 COPPER 18--19c LAD $8.12 WEATHER FORECAST Tonight and Friday: Fair. VOL. XIX. NO. 303.. HOOVER CONVENTION RECESSES TILL STRENGTH OF HUSS BEGINS TO HOOVER By W. W. BOOTH, Editor of The Bonanza. Special to The Bonanza. COLISEUM, Chicago, June 10 This republican convention is without a precedent regarding the program of nomination. You must compare today's opening as a big race event with the favorite horses coming out of paddock, with no 2 to 1 takers with Wood, Johnson and Lowden as favorites. No pools are being sold. Today it looks with New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and other big delegates states behind Wood, that he goes into the convention 300 strong. On the first ballot with the he cannot win. Johnson is second and Lowden third. After the third ballot, Hoover will appear as a dark horse and, if Wood is not nominated on the fourth ballot, Hoover will be the choice of the convention. Johnson and Lowden lost ground last night. Motel lobbies and streets are crowded to capacity. No one can tell the outcome and everybody is guessing. It is Wood or Hoover. Western delegations are now turning to Hoover as the dark horse and this morning it looks as if he will come under the wire first. Came a Sensation This development came as a sensation soon after the The subcommittee had begun what seemed likely to be a long and desperate struggle. It removed, subcommittee members said, the obstacle which had been holding up the work of the convention and probably would permit final action by the convention on the platform at today's session. While the plank accepted today was drafted originally by Root, it was said that some modifications had been made in preconvention conferences of the leaders and in the meeting this morning, Mr. Root is in Europe. Meaning of Plank. Omitting all endorsement of the platform, the American Federation of Labor in annual convention today rejected a proposal to create a permanent educational department to distribute propaganda urging support of the federation's policy of the partisanship in politics. After a bitter debate, the federation adopted a resolution requiring Brotherhood of Railway clerks to eliminate the color line and give jobs for membership. VINGNELDT ELECTED TO NATIONAL COMMITTEE CHICAGO, June 10. George Wingfield was elected national committee for Nevada by the Nevada delegation to the national convention held here Monday. Announcement of the action of the labor nation was made immediately after the caucus. THE WASHINGTON The Daily Observer United States Tameatrice - the convention had not entirely passed. All members of the subcommittee, however, seemed satisfied with the development and smilingly asserted the peril of a party split was over. The agreement was reached at a conference attended by Senator Lodge. Massachusetts republican senate leader and afterward Senator Borah declared that Lodge had taken a stand opposed to ratification of the treaty and would so state in the convention. PLACER IN After remaining dormant for a period of three years, the old Copper Canyon placers have been revived and promise to add materially to the gold production of Nevada this year. Judge William Korman, who was chiefly instrumental in fighting the claimants through to the U.S. supreme court where he won a signal victory, has returned from Battle Mountain where he spent three weeks getting the reorganized company on its feet. The company is now known as the Homestake Consolidated Placers company officered by Nevada men. Seven men are employed in preliminaries sinking test holes to be bedrock prepared to operate on a large scale. The holes have been sunk to a depth of 50 feet. On the hole that reached rock bottom, the rock bottom returned $25 cubic yard from the underlying gravel. Nine other holes are going. Although there is a shortage of water, the company does not anticipate any trouble in securing all that is needed for hydraulic operations. A contract with the owners of two deep shafts within a distance of 100 feet is underway. PROFESSORING FIRM FINED $35,000 HRI. STON W V. June 1 Montgomery Street, a grocery concern, today filed an appeal from the decision of the Supreme Court. COPPER CANYON TONOPAH DAILY BONANZA, TONOPAH, NEVADA, THURSDAY EVENING, MAY WIFE A HARLOT TO GET MONEY By Associated Press SAN FRANCISCO, June 10. Federal Judge Dooling ruled today that Mrs. Maxine Dempsey might testify as to non-confidential relations in the trial of Jack Dempsey, world champion heavyweight. Yesterday he barred testimony regarding confidential marital relations. The prosecution today questioned Mrs. Dempsey regarding a visit with her husband to points throughout the United States. The defense entered objection claiming the questions were intended merely to defame Dempsey's character. Mrs. Dempsey Tested that she received a total of $100 from her husband from July to November. They parted at Salt Lake, she said, and she went to Yakima. Later, she returned to Salt Lake at his home, and they came to San Francisco together. Here she practiced her calling of the underworld, and on one occasion, she said, Dempsey said, "Maher in the jaw because she did not bring him enough money to satisfy me." him. Dempsey bought her no elo l.es, she testified, and she ran no ac counts! in his name. Mrs. Demps"v said at various times she was in the underworld of Pasco, Spoka.ie and Yakima. Washington and Cario. III. TEN DAYS TO VETO A BILL I II r I ilnte,l lna WASHINGTON, June 10 . --Attorney General Palmer made an in formal ruling today which he com municated to President Wilson that the chief executive has ten days after the adjournment of congress in which to sign resolutions. This rule may change the status of a nu'tiber of bills which the president killed by pocket veto including the water power bill and the resolution repealing most of the war time leg islation. RAY PIERCY MARRIED IN VIRGINIA CITY Unymond I'iercy, auditor for th" Tonopah Sewer uud Drainage com pany and five of the largest Divide companies is the latest to fall under the spell of Dan Cupid. Rumors had been afloat for several days that an event was impending but confir mation could not be found before this morning when bis sister. Mrs John Delk, received a wire with first hand information. Mr. I'iercy evplain ed that accompanied by Hay McMul len of Tonopah. ''' '"'' proceeded from the. Masotiii sessions in Iteno to Virginia City where be was mar- rie.l i. M t 1 I . a v ii 'Ii The I 'ran couple !'! i a1 on. cisco to spend th. turning lion l.v day. The Hiinouiiceni." niance of 'he i dales back to C Tonopah K.Iks vit' fO! Mill lliootl or Tu !on,i t r-cill til" ig.lgi'llletlt ivlc'll lone when t!ie i Kly wle-ri. Halvorsen was tenacious voicing people for the mind. The first time Toe -i The old Kol it was all over pah boy The brief recovery of Virginia ST. PIERHUR HER , S' Pier. Once certain artistry ,1 ih. and 1 1""' d i'-ly "I 'i '1 bV UHHrklllg I'M-.I " ' per rn' tMiVtL Of CIL t- ii t M. N!! "' "' c.v'ti i".mrf'nil,t"n oa " ' .tl of a ft tak' In fhe'r DC ,3 L 4 O'CLOCK TO RECEIVE THE FOR PLATFORM Ill Wnm-lmrtt Hrraai ! CHE.'AOO, June 10- An elderly diet from Pennsylvania laid be! fine the resolutions committee of the national "convocation a large package! which, he said, contained matter he desired looked into. When Chairman Watson opened the bundle, he found a bottle of real whiskey! Sen. Snieot, a Pitt teetotaler, was designated a committee of one to consider the subject, but returned it immediately without recommendation. Action by the full committee was prevented by the disappearance of the conton's of the bottle before it reached that stage. . HIL, A.-ix-lalnl I'rram PHILADELPHIA, June 10 A mass meeting of Southern delegates staged in a hotel lobby with some 300 attendees held in the interest of recognition of the south on republican national ticket. Virginia and North Carolina both have presidential candidates in the convention. The convention also addressed the southern delegates, who were also present. The southern delegation then all will join in supporting the nominee so named. A committee representing all southern delegates was appointed to canvass the situation and report to a second mass meeting tonight. W. J. Tobin, manager of the Mayflower and Reorganized Pioneer mines, is up from the Pioneer district looking for a compressor man and half a dozen good all-round miners. Both properties are in excellent shape and are regarded as among the most attractive in the southern country with working conditions better than a majority of properties. Both mines are in an excellent state of development as Manager Tobin is taking advantage of the depression in the market to make greater progress in his mines. The Pioneer is still in the oxidized zone with streaks of sulphides intruding in the shaft indicating that it is only a matter of time when the hole will drop into the second enrichment which will establish the permanency of the mine. In the district and bring back that field as one of the liveliest speculative centers in the state, the Maflowe is beginning to look very lively on the 100 level toward the Starlight vein which is only 400 feet above the present workings in which a claim is coming in. CIVI LWARVETERAN GETS FINAL PAPERS II' Utii.lHlr si- n i.k Dele. a l ivi as granted i I Vrrm I H'nsh , June e I War vei.-'aii. n itueuslup papers .lames cenily ill tile t inted States district mint here Kr fifty four i.'.ti lie had voted and performed ilut'.'s of a citizen al ttioiiKh be a- horn in Ir.-bind He believed lllMi'lf a cltil li liet-iu-... of Ills nervier ! II III l liloll il "l ., d ii, fmher's liiilura'uat ion 4T S E T MINE CLPSIO IN St. IT coLoricio ' . i.,! le. u in the tl.t t.f H V, '.n ;" W ' ,H:i.. t M n .11, i .it..!i mill) h hi' .c liple.1 Cle , '! li.il.ll elil lf ' ,. k ilitaiit '4.' rh.l.i .! lr n.lriandiii a'tim." .il4 f k- I' I in U'-n.t Hr' I'i mull wll b ' i.s nr SOUTHERN MAN VICE PRESIDENT PIONEER MINES KEEPING BUSY JUNE 10, 1920 ami VI To Capture Committee raming 4mm1iii-U Vvmml Chiea. I DLISKl.'.M. igo, .lime 111 -report of the the republican held a brief ses j While awaiting tin j plaH'orm couuniitei j national convention sion this morning and then, th,. disappointment of the look a recess null! ,iur t much to galleries, lis after noon. !.-eill, I cue.;' g When d the p i! in :e convention 'one i-ommitiec (Higgle ov.- ui much time m ,gli i be i s: I'ominatii.g Speeches. 'ill. -re w Is eoll.'.i.l' l ,1 ..;! to .;o ,!,,";.! w-;:: ;lc- ', speei iios Willie .1 W .lit O g form report , Inn ; ,. ,. was to that and it was abandoned the ( oi:vei;i;i.;i lii.lll.igi" s WIT. bating what to do, word came from com iiown town that the platform inittc. had agreed upon the report and a few mii'U'os later Senator McCormick of Illinois, one of the subcommittee meinliers, appeared on the speaker's platform and announced that unanimous agreement had Ivor, reached by the subcommittee, which promised union of the party and victory in November. Recess to Afternoon McCormick presented a motion for a recess until four o'clock, but there was a roar of ayes and noes from the delegates ami the gallery and Chairman Lodge was compelled to call f r a standing vote on which he SCENIC ROUTE READY TO JUNK lily Am'ljll-il rre COLORADO Sl'ltlM .1 inn 10. - Scellii roui e Ka incd the w'ri! wonders along it v for the mountain the Cripple Creek Short Line for years drew tourists to this stale, but now the last train has turned into I he roundhouse and I lie load has cased functioning A portion of it may be opened Jui 1 to ran tourist specials, however, if plan of the receiver materialize. The lust train in the regular s t vice completed its run early in the evening of May 17. Permis-ioi to cancel service was granted i. a t'nited States district court .nil the only possibility of an order 'o r. Sunie rest-, with the utilities run on of the state. However, that body has shown no inclination in that direction, despite the fact that an action has been started to go away with the order from the federal court. If that is accomplished, it is said that a similar order will be given by the utilities board. TURKEY OFFERS $100 A was adopted by unanimous vote of the subcommittee. The Root Resolution (Imitating) and endorsement of the and covenant the provides for a new other nations, which j pending league I Knot resolution .agreement with .11. 4nn(.ij4irl lrei I'llll AliO. June 1.1 Lowden, Wood, Mut 1 i and Harding head quarters, refused 1 issue a statement met a. oi-ee on the league of nations plan. It was said that ernoi- 1. v. den mige. Ivve something say l.i,i r in v., d..v but Gei'.i ; il Wood's managers i-. iui'lin 'd..) think their candidate would remain silent for the present. Senator Crane withheld comment, but Odgen Mills, of New York, who has worked with him said Crane was "perfectly satisfied" "The proposal came from our side and was accepted Just as it was received from Root." Mills said. To this statement Senator Borah, lead' r of th" irreconcilables. -aid I. is .!" had secured the omi-sioii ot many provisions in another :-i submitted yesterday In Mills CRUELTY CUT (Correspondence Associated Press) SKOPI.. Korea. May 11 Coin plaints that the police in Korea ".soineiinies go to such extreme as io nut the Koreans to torture," have i cached the governor-general of Ko rea and Director Akaike, of the po lie huerau had issued au order to the provisional zoveruors to put a stop to it. The director announced that it was with great regret that he heard, now and then, a criticism hat "even of late, policemen often fail to behave properly toward the people." Referring to reports that the Kor eans had been tortured, be told the governors that "it is said the people are apt to think the police and tor niri ure inseparable, the idea of one ee.iig inevitably asociated with that .f the otlor" lie pointed out that 'Veil in a . red: lice ;f to riu re w few . .is,-s e.l ! whole re practised only I n.iturailv dts sv st.'tu of the po HARDING TALKS ON BOLTERS THREATS cmirti I'rr til. .lull.- 1' ii I". . I lls.su, Co Harding d 's prolml't) mi. ui t gh. Senator 1 that talks of ho Jilt t'.one.l .nor ty 'h. oi ihn.ugh h.n "cr p.-rn'ltt. .1,1 be theat d to GIRLS IN NIGHTIES ESCAPE FROM FIRE o n '. i; .-i.lJ ami f M tin . Ja'ie P On ' Vot!I o.,.u ill) .oenien.-e.ei.nt '-li i t..r r.i in t f d-'- .'. ih i. 'it I! i' h-'-, ear. i,at-tt'Nt t ." H IM at'.-r Urn I.u'hrun ji,l tiM ti a i h.l aiiisioriiif CANDIDATES ARE B NONCOMMIM hie, tin ; OUT IN KOREA PRICE 10 CENTS HORSE PLATFORM eace Plank shall include the tribunal for settle ment of international disputes. It was prepared by Hoot before hi.s departure for Kurope. but has heen modified considerably by the sub ooinniii tee. Foreign Influence. Senator Johnson declared today I hat in the contest over the platform section,, on the leagn,. ,,f nation., 'I.c "lir-t a.--.atilt of iii(enijt!in!ii.i i.'.d iiit inanonai i,aukei oi ;, ""'"'" par j iia.l ie cu im- ioai i'.iioi it mm non c!i,ir,.., loiiiisou-iiiiri, t:r,,Ul, that th. plank .lad it.s hii-th in Wail 'l!;..-i - woiiid ue "second , bj tile i 'lane ft reel." n,-.ill! ' o tin- same force,. Sena t.ii .lohn m asserted with the ohj, , t of nominating a candidate winch he hoped would be met and defeated" uui, in- added that if reports on tue platlorm decision reaching him were correct he would not. Johnson said the settlement was a "tremendous victory for Americanism anil an oiorwhelmitig defeat for iinerua tioualism." l lie Hill l esoilll.ol.s coaitniie this afternoon to complete the . met final .Iran. .'.p. m-ii tion ti o'clock the piiitt rin winch i was would he ready tor presenla the convention at four SUGAR RATIONING BEGINS JUNE 21 I.. , inli'i! rirM M.'Vi YORK, June M. Kiit lolling o into ct staiirants i.uar as in war tun,, will p i 'i in lioteN and r,- throughout nun K!ie, HlllOlUICl-ll the counlrv Jul) assistant nltorue today. 1. Ar- :eral PRESIDENT W. H. TAFT EXPECTED FRIDAY 1.. A MMt,,-lll 'i-mi CH H 'Atio, Jane 1 i "oruier 'r "le lolnrr dent Tat't will and stop uv. i said he prol al convention or w W ll w i ! i nipt .ill'-. It Wll l"t V.SIt t.. Yik, tlfeienc, the pan in the political WHISKEY WORTH $50,000 SEIZED AT FARM HOU r.E M-AV WiRK. ;:oi. l'ituin eufor June 10,- Cciieral tneiit agents oner i.ting out of N w York today made ihoi,- first real important raid since th" supreme court declared ataiiiy (' ..a! Swooping down on a t ;i ; m hoi. " ,n the h lis n-'ir I'e:i-I l;-. N Y . they s...z... w'uski v lain. at J.'.O.OOft and nnested a f ti : . r Vov A rb s -i 1011I...1 .,.r kJ2i3 3MkdnoaU .fll'SliJ.IJijir'iM'WI" SUTLER TMf!ATI?r; TODAY A thru;. ng. O'lpping t.'ar, jt lace I fe .n.- I r t i 'Follip" Got upon whoin tno '..idow of ;ie . .-.-I iii nnn:-r forte OtiVE Thomas "FOOTLIOHTS ANJ SH0OV LATEST PThI NEms ETHEL CL At TON THl YOLa Ml Wi"TMHOP A ! i'y in')i wot t.st COMiSa-TUHD LOCAL.! AH "T i t,".
| 12,264 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21799945
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Jar-e Jowqōl
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 32 | 117 |
Jar-e Jowqōl
Jar-e Jowqōl
Jar-e Jowqōl Geonames-ID 1455083
Jar-e Jowqōl instans av flod
Jar-e Jowqōl geografiska koordinater
Jar-e Jowqōl land Afghanistan
Jar-e Jowqōl inom det administrativa området Daykondi
Jar-e Jowqōl GNS-ID 6286538
| 42,151 |
https://github.com/Andreev-Sergey/diadocsdk-cpp/blob/master/src/protos/OrganizationUserPermissions.pb.cc
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
diadocsdk-cpp
|
Andreev-Sergey
|
C++
|
Code
| 2,629 | 13,149 |
// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler. DO NOT EDIT!
// source: OrganizationUserPermissions.proto
#define INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PROTOBUF_FIELD_DEPRECATION
#include "OrganizationUserPermissions.pb.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
namespace Diadoc {
namespace Api {
namespace Proto {
namespace {
const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* OrganizationUserPermissions_descriptor_ = NULL;
const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
OrganizationUserPermissions_reflection_ = NULL;
const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* AuthorizationPermission_descriptor_ = NULL;
const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
AuthorizationPermission_reflection_ = NULL;
const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* DocumentAccessLevel_descriptor_ = NULL;
} // namespace
void protobuf_AssignDesc_OrganizationUserPermissions_2eproto() {
protobuf_AddDesc_OrganizationUserPermissions_2eproto();
const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file =
::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindFileByName(
"OrganizationUserPermissions.proto");
GOOGLE_CHECK(file != NULL);
OrganizationUserPermissions_descriptor_ = file->message_type(0);
static const int OrganizationUserPermissions_offsets_[12] = {
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OrganizationUserPermissions, userdepartmentid_),
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OrganizationUserPermissions, isadministrator_),
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OrganizationUserPermissions, documentaccesslevel_),
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OrganizationUserPermissions, cansigndocuments_),
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OrganizationUserPermissions, canmanagecounteragents_),
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OrganizationUserPermissions, canaddresolutions_),
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OrganizationUserPermissions, canrequestresolutions_),
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OrganizationUserPermissions, selecteddepartmentids_),
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OrganizationUserPermissions, jobtitle_),
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OrganizationUserPermissions, cancreatedocuments_),
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OrganizationUserPermissions, authorizationpermission_),
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OrganizationUserPermissions, candeleterestoredocuments_),
};
OrganizationUserPermissions_reflection_ =
new ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection(
OrganizationUserPermissions_descriptor_,
OrganizationUserPermissions::default_instance_,
OrganizationUserPermissions_offsets_,
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OrganizationUserPermissions, _has_bits_[0]),
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OrganizationUserPermissions, _unknown_fields_),
-1,
::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool(),
::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::generated_factory(),
sizeof(OrganizationUserPermissions));
AuthorizationPermission_descriptor_ = file->message_type(1);
static const int AuthorizationPermission_offsets_[2] = {
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(AuthorizationPermission, isblocked_),
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(AuthorizationPermission, comment_),
};
AuthorizationPermission_reflection_ =
new ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection(
AuthorizationPermission_descriptor_,
AuthorizationPermission::default_instance_,
AuthorizationPermission_offsets_,
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(AuthorizationPermission, _has_bits_[0]),
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(AuthorizationPermission, _unknown_fields_),
-1,
::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool(),
::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::generated_factory(),
sizeof(AuthorizationPermission));
DocumentAccessLevel_descriptor_ = file->enum_type(0);
}
namespace {
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
&protobuf_AssignDesc_OrganizationUserPermissions_2eproto);
}
void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
OrganizationUserPermissions_descriptor_, &OrganizationUserPermissions::default_instance());
::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
AuthorizationPermission_descriptor_, &AuthorizationPermission::default_instance());
}
} // namespace
void protobuf_ShutdownFile_OrganizationUserPermissions_2eproto() {
delete OrganizationUserPermissions::default_instance_;
delete OrganizationUserPermissions_reflection_;
delete AuthorizationPermission::default_instance_;
delete AuthorizationPermission_reflection_;
}
void protobuf_AddDesc_OrganizationUserPermissions_2eproto() {
static bool already_here = false;
if (already_here) return;
already_here = true;
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
"\n!OrganizationUserPermissions.proto\022\020Dia"
"doc.Api.Proto\"\340\003\n\033OrganizationUserPermis"
"sions\022\030\n\020UserDepartmentId\030\001 \002(\t\022\027\n\017IsAdm"
"inistrator\030\002 \002(\010\022^\n\023DocumentAccessLevel\030"
"\003 \001(\0162%.Diadoc.Api.Proto.DocumentAccessL"
"evel:\032UnknownDocumentAccessLevel\022\030\n\020CanS"
"ignDocuments\030\004 \002(\010\022\036\n\026CanManageCounterag"
"ents\030\006 \002(\010\022\031\n\021CanAddResolutions\030\007 \002(\010\022\035\n"
"\025CanRequestResolutions\030\010 \002(\010\022\035\n\025Selected"
"DepartmentIds\030\t \003(\t\022\020\n\010JobTitle\030\n \001(\t\022\032\n"
"\022CanCreateDocuments\030\013 \002(\010\022J\n\027Authorizati"
"onPermission\030\014 \002(\0132).Diadoc.Api.Proto.Au"
"thorizationPermission\022!\n\031CanDeleteRestor"
"eDocuments\030\r \002(\010\"=\n\027AuthorizationPermiss"
"ion\022\021\n\tIsBlocked\030\001 \002(\010\022\017\n\007Comment\030\002 \001(\t*"
"\236\001\n\023DocumentAccessLevel\022\'\n\032UnknownDocume"
"ntAccessLevel\020\377\377\377\377\377\377\377\377\377\001\022\022\n\016DepartmentOn"
"ly\020\000\022\037\n\033DepartmentAndSubdepartments\020\001\022\020\n"
"\014AllDocuments\020\002\022\027\n\023SelectedDepartments\020\003", 760);
::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
"OrganizationUserPermissions.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
OrganizationUserPermissions::default_instance_ = new OrganizationUserPermissions();
AuthorizationPermission::default_instance_ = new AuthorizationPermission();
OrganizationUserPermissions::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
AuthorizationPermission::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_OrganizationUserPermissions_2eproto);
}
// Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_OrganizationUserPermissions_2eproto {
StaticDescriptorInitializer_OrganizationUserPermissions_2eproto() {
protobuf_AddDesc_OrganizationUserPermissions_2eproto();
}
} static_descriptor_initializer_OrganizationUserPermissions_2eproto_;
const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* DocumentAccessLevel_descriptor() {
protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
return DocumentAccessLevel_descriptor_;
}
bool DocumentAccessLevel_IsValid(int value) {
switch(value) {
case -1:
case 0:
case 1:
case 2:
case 3:
return true;
default:
return false;
}
}
// ===================================================================
#ifndef _MSC_VER
const int OrganizationUserPermissions::kUserDepartmentIdFieldNumber;
const int OrganizationUserPermissions::kIsAdministratorFieldNumber;
const int OrganizationUserPermissions::kDocumentAccessLevelFieldNumber;
const int OrganizationUserPermissions::kCanSignDocumentsFieldNumber;
const int OrganizationUserPermissions::kCanManageCounteragentsFieldNumber;
const int OrganizationUserPermissions::kCanAddResolutionsFieldNumber;
const int OrganizationUserPermissions::kCanRequestResolutionsFieldNumber;
const int OrganizationUserPermissions::kSelectedDepartmentIdsFieldNumber;
const int OrganizationUserPermissions::kJobTitleFieldNumber;
const int OrganizationUserPermissions::kCanCreateDocumentsFieldNumber;
const int OrganizationUserPermissions::kAuthorizationPermissionFieldNumber;
const int OrganizationUserPermissions::kCanDeleteRestoreDocumentsFieldNumber;
#endif // !_MSC_VER
OrganizationUserPermissions::OrganizationUserPermissions()
: ::google::protobuf::Message() {
SharedCtor();
// @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:Diadoc.Api.Proto.OrganizationUserPermissions)
}
void OrganizationUserPermissions::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
authorizationpermission_ = const_cast< ::Diadoc::Api::Proto::AuthorizationPermission*>(&::Diadoc::Api::Proto::AuthorizationPermission::default_instance());
}
OrganizationUserPermissions::OrganizationUserPermissions(const OrganizationUserPermissions& from)
: ::google::protobuf::Message() {
SharedCtor();
MergeFrom(from);
// @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:Diadoc.Api.Proto.OrganizationUserPermissions)
}
void OrganizationUserPermissions::SharedCtor() {
::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
_cached_size_ = 0;
userdepartmentid_ = const_cast< ::std::string*>(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
isadministrator_ = false;
documentaccesslevel_ = -1;
cansigndocuments_ = false;
canmanagecounteragents_ = false;
canaddresolutions_ = false;
canrequestresolutions_ = false;
jobtitle_ = const_cast< ::std::string*>(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
cancreatedocuments_ = false;
authorizationpermission_ = NULL;
candeleterestoredocuments_ = false;
::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
}
OrganizationUserPermissions::~OrganizationUserPermissions() {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:Diadoc.Api.Proto.OrganizationUserPermissions)
SharedDtor();
}
void OrganizationUserPermissions::SharedDtor() {
if (userdepartmentid_ != &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
delete userdepartmentid_;
}
if (jobtitle_ != &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
delete jobtitle_;
}
if (this != default_instance_) {
delete authorizationpermission_;
}
}
void OrganizationUserPermissions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
_cached_size_ = size;
GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
}
const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* OrganizationUserPermissions::descriptor() {
protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
return OrganizationUserPermissions_descriptor_;
}
const OrganizationUserPermissions& OrganizationUserPermissions::default_instance() {
if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_OrganizationUserPermissions_2eproto();
return *default_instance_;
}
OrganizationUserPermissions* OrganizationUserPermissions::default_instance_ = NULL;
OrganizationUserPermissions* OrganizationUserPermissions::New() const {
return new OrganizationUserPermissions;
}
void OrganizationUserPermissions::Clear() {
#define OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(f) (reinterpret_cast<char*>( \
&reinterpret_cast<OrganizationUserPermissions*>(16)->f) - \
reinterpret_cast<char*>(16))
#define ZR_(first, last) do { \
size_t f = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(first); \
size_t n = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(last) - f + sizeof(last); \
::memset(&first, 0, n); \
} while (0)
if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 127) {
ZR_(isadministrator_, canaddresolutions_);
if (has_userdepartmentid()) {
if (userdepartmentid_ != &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
userdepartmentid_->clear();
}
}
documentaccesslevel_ = -1;
canrequestresolutions_ = false;
}
if (_has_bits_[8 / 32] & 3840) {
ZR_(cancreatedocuments_, candeleterestoredocuments_);
if (has_jobtitle()) {
if (jobtitle_ != &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
jobtitle_->clear();
}
}
if (has_authorizationpermission()) {
if (authorizationpermission_ != NULL) authorizationpermission_->::Diadoc::Api::Proto::AuthorizationPermission::Clear();
}
}
#undef OFFSET_OF_FIELD_
#undef ZR_
selecteddepartmentids_.Clear();
::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
}
bool OrganizationUserPermissions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
// @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:Diadoc.Api.Proto.OrganizationUserPermissions)
for (;;) {
::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
tag = p.first;
if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
// required string UserDepartmentId = 1;
case 1: {
if (tag == 10) {
DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
input, this->mutable_userdepartmentid()));
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
this->userdepartmentid().data(), this->userdepartmentid().length(),
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
"userdepartmentid");
} else {
goto handle_unusual;
}
if (input->ExpectTag(16)) goto parse_IsAdministrator;
break;
}
// required bool IsAdministrator = 2;
case 2: {
if (tag == 16) {
parse_IsAdministrator:
DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
input, &isadministrator_)));
set_has_isadministrator();
} else {
goto handle_unusual;
}
if (input->ExpectTag(24)) goto parse_DocumentAccessLevel;
break;
}
// optional .Diadoc.Api.Proto.DocumentAccessLevel DocumentAccessLevel = 3 [default = UnknownDocumentAccessLevel];
case 3: {
if (tag == 24) {
parse_DocumentAccessLevel:
int value;
DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
int, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(
input, &value)));
if (::Diadoc::Api::Proto::DocumentAccessLevel_IsValid(value)) {
set_documentaccesslevel(static_cast< ::Diadoc::Api::Proto::DocumentAccessLevel >(value));
} else {
mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(3, value);
}
} else {
goto handle_unusual;
}
if (input->ExpectTag(32)) goto parse_CanSignDocuments;
break;
}
// required bool CanSignDocuments = 4;
case 4: {
if (tag == 32) {
parse_CanSignDocuments:
DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
input, &cansigndocuments_)));
set_has_cansigndocuments();
} else {
goto handle_unusual;
}
if (input->ExpectTag(48)) goto parse_CanManageCounteragents;
break;
}
// required bool CanManageCounteragents = 6;
case 6: {
if (tag == 48) {
parse_CanManageCounteragents:
DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
input, &canmanagecounteragents_)));
set_has_canmanagecounteragents();
} else {
goto handle_unusual;
}
if (input->ExpectTag(56)) goto parse_CanAddResolutions;
break;
}
// required bool CanAddResolutions = 7;
case 7: {
if (tag == 56) {
parse_CanAddResolutions:
DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
input, &canaddresolutions_)));
set_has_canaddresolutions();
} else {
goto handle_unusual;
}
if (input->ExpectTag(64)) goto parse_CanRequestResolutions;
break;
}
// required bool CanRequestResolutions = 8;
case 8: {
if (tag == 64) {
parse_CanRequestResolutions:
DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
input, &canrequestresolutions_)));
set_has_canrequestresolutions();
} else {
goto handle_unusual;
}
if (input->ExpectTag(74)) goto parse_SelectedDepartmentIds;
break;
}
// repeated string SelectedDepartmentIds = 9;
case 9: {
if (tag == 74) {
parse_SelectedDepartmentIds:
DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
input, this->add_selecteddepartmentids()));
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
this->selecteddepartmentids(this->selecteddepartmentids_size() - 1).data(),
this->selecteddepartmentids(this->selecteddepartmentids_size() - 1).length(),
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
"selecteddepartmentids");
} else {
goto handle_unusual;
}
if (input->ExpectTag(74)) goto parse_SelectedDepartmentIds;
if (input->ExpectTag(82)) goto parse_JobTitle;
break;
}
// optional string JobTitle = 10;
case 10: {
if (tag == 82) {
parse_JobTitle:
DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
input, this->mutable_jobtitle()));
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
this->jobtitle().data(), this->jobtitle().length(),
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
"jobtitle");
} else {
goto handle_unusual;
}
if (input->ExpectTag(88)) goto parse_CanCreateDocuments;
break;
}
// required bool CanCreateDocuments = 11;
case 11: {
if (tag == 88) {
parse_CanCreateDocuments:
DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
input, &cancreatedocuments_)));
set_has_cancreatedocuments();
} else {
goto handle_unusual;
}
if (input->ExpectTag(98)) goto parse_AuthorizationPermission;
break;
}
// required .Diadoc.Api.Proto.AuthorizationPermission AuthorizationPermission = 12;
case 12: {
if (tag == 98) {
parse_AuthorizationPermission:
DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
input, mutable_authorizationpermission()));
} else {
goto handle_unusual;
}
if (input->ExpectTag(104)) goto parse_CanDeleteRestoreDocuments;
break;
}
// required bool CanDeleteRestoreDocuments = 13;
case 13: {
if (tag == 104) {
parse_CanDeleteRestoreDocuments:
DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
input, &candeleterestoredocuments_)));
set_has_candeleterestoredocuments();
} else {
goto handle_unusual;
}
if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
break;
}
default: {
handle_unusual:
if (tag == 0 ||
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
goto success;
}
DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SkipField(
input, tag, mutable_unknown_fields()));
break;
}
}
}
success:
// @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:Diadoc.Api.Proto.OrganizationUserPermissions)
return true;
failure:
// @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:Diadoc.Api.Proto.OrganizationUserPermissions)
return false;
#undef DO_
}
void OrganizationUserPermissions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:Diadoc.Api.Proto.OrganizationUserPermissions)
// required string UserDepartmentId = 1;
if (has_userdepartmentid()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
this->userdepartmentid().data(), this->userdepartmentid().length(),
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
"userdepartmentid");
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
1, this->userdepartmentid(), output);
}
// required bool IsAdministrator = 2;
if (has_isadministrator()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(2, this->isadministrator(), output);
}
// optional .Diadoc.Api.Proto.DocumentAccessLevel DocumentAccessLevel = 3 [default = UnknownDocumentAccessLevel];
if (has_documentaccesslevel()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnum(
3, this->documentaccesslevel(), output);
}
// required bool CanSignDocuments = 4;
if (has_cansigndocuments()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(4, this->cansigndocuments(), output);
}
// required bool CanManageCounteragents = 6;
if (has_canmanagecounteragents()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(6, this->canmanagecounteragents(), output);
}
// required bool CanAddResolutions = 7;
if (has_canaddresolutions()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(7, this->canaddresolutions(), output);
}
// required bool CanRequestResolutions = 8;
if (has_canrequestresolutions()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(8, this->canrequestresolutions(), output);
}
// repeated string SelectedDepartmentIds = 9;
for (int i = 0; i < this->selecteddepartmentids_size(); i++) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
this->selecteddepartmentids(i).data(), this->selecteddepartmentids(i).length(),
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
"selecteddepartmentids");
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteString(
9, this->selecteddepartmentids(i), output);
}
// optional string JobTitle = 10;
if (has_jobtitle()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
this->jobtitle().data(), this->jobtitle().length(),
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
"jobtitle");
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
10, this->jobtitle(), output);
}
// required bool CanCreateDocuments = 11;
if (has_cancreatedocuments()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(11, this->cancreatedocuments(), output);
}
// required .Diadoc.Api.Proto.AuthorizationPermission AuthorizationPermission = 12;
if (has_authorizationpermission()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
12, this->authorizationpermission(), output);
}
// required bool CanDeleteRestoreDocuments = 13;
if (has_candeleterestoredocuments()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(13, this->candeleterestoredocuments(), output);
}
if (!unknown_fields().empty()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFields(
unknown_fields(), output);
}
// @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:Diadoc.Api.Proto.OrganizationUserPermissions)
}
::google::protobuf::uint8* OrganizationUserPermissions::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:Diadoc.Api.Proto.OrganizationUserPermissions)
// required string UserDepartmentId = 1;
if (has_userdepartmentid()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
this->userdepartmentid().data(), this->userdepartmentid().length(),
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
"userdepartmentid");
target =
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
1, this->userdepartmentid(), target);
}
// required bool IsAdministrator = 2;
if (has_isadministrator()) {
target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(2, this->isadministrator(), target);
}
// optional .Diadoc.Api.Proto.DocumentAccessLevel DocumentAccessLevel = 3 [default = UnknownDocumentAccessLevel];
if (has_documentaccesslevel()) {
target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
3, this->documentaccesslevel(), target);
}
// required bool CanSignDocuments = 4;
if (has_cansigndocuments()) {
target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(4, this->cansigndocuments(), target);
}
// required bool CanManageCounteragents = 6;
if (has_canmanagecounteragents()) {
target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(6, this->canmanagecounteragents(), target);
}
// required bool CanAddResolutions = 7;
if (has_canaddresolutions()) {
target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(7, this->canaddresolutions(), target);
}
// required bool CanRequestResolutions = 8;
if (has_canrequestresolutions()) {
target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(8, this->canrequestresolutions(), target);
}
// repeated string SelectedDepartmentIds = 9;
for (int i = 0; i < this->selecteddepartmentids_size(); i++) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
this->selecteddepartmentids(i).data(), this->selecteddepartmentids(i).length(),
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
"selecteddepartmentids");
target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
WriteStringToArray(9, this->selecteddepartmentids(i), target);
}
// optional string JobTitle = 10;
if (has_jobtitle()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
this->jobtitle().data(), this->jobtitle().length(),
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
"jobtitle");
target =
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
10, this->jobtitle(), target);
}
// required bool CanCreateDocuments = 11;
if (has_cancreatedocuments()) {
target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(11, this->cancreatedocuments(), target);
}
// required .Diadoc.Api.Proto.AuthorizationPermission AuthorizationPermission = 12;
if (has_authorizationpermission()) {
target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
12, this->authorizationpermission(), target);
}
// required bool CanDeleteRestoreDocuments = 13;
if (has_candeleterestoredocuments()) {
target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(13, this->candeleterestoredocuments(), target);
}
if (!unknown_fields().empty()) {
target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
unknown_fields(), target);
}
// @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:Diadoc.Api.Proto.OrganizationUserPermissions)
return target;
}
int OrganizationUserPermissions::ByteSize() const {
int total_size = 0;
if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
// required string UserDepartmentId = 1;
if (has_userdepartmentid()) {
total_size += 1 +
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
this->userdepartmentid());
}
// required bool IsAdministrator = 2;
if (has_isadministrator()) {
total_size += 1 + 1;
}
// optional .Diadoc.Api.Proto.DocumentAccessLevel DocumentAccessLevel = 3 [default = UnknownDocumentAccessLevel];
if (has_documentaccesslevel()) {
total_size += 1 +
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->documentaccesslevel());
}
// required bool CanSignDocuments = 4;
if (has_cansigndocuments()) {
total_size += 1 + 1;
}
// required bool CanManageCounteragents = 6;
if (has_canmanagecounteragents()) {
total_size += 1 + 1;
}
// required bool CanAddResolutions = 7;
if (has_canaddresolutions()) {
total_size += 1 + 1;
}
// required bool CanRequestResolutions = 8;
if (has_canrequestresolutions()) {
total_size += 1 + 1;
}
}
if (_has_bits_[8 / 32] & (0xffu << (8 % 32))) {
// optional string JobTitle = 10;
if (has_jobtitle()) {
total_size += 1 +
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
this->jobtitle());
}
// required bool CanCreateDocuments = 11;
if (has_cancreatedocuments()) {
total_size += 1 + 1;
}
// required .Diadoc.Api.Proto.AuthorizationPermission AuthorizationPermission = 12;
if (has_authorizationpermission()) {
total_size += 1 +
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
this->authorizationpermission());
}
// required bool CanDeleteRestoreDocuments = 13;
if (has_candeleterestoredocuments()) {
total_size += 1 + 1;
}
}
// repeated string SelectedDepartmentIds = 9;
total_size += 1 * this->selecteddepartmentids_size();
for (int i = 0; i < this->selecteddepartmentids_size(); i++) {
total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
this->selecteddepartmentids(i));
}
if (!unknown_fields().empty()) {
total_size +=
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
unknown_fields());
}
GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
_cached_size_ = total_size;
GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
return total_size;
}
void OrganizationUserPermissions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(&from, this);
const OrganizationUserPermissions* source =
::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const OrganizationUserPermissions*>(
&from);
if (source == NULL) {
::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
} else {
MergeFrom(*source);
}
}
void OrganizationUserPermissions::MergeFrom(const OrganizationUserPermissions& from) {
GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(&from, this);
selecteddepartmentids_.MergeFrom(from.selecteddepartmentids_);
if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
if (from.has_userdepartmentid()) {
set_userdepartmentid(from.userdepartmentid());
}
if (from.has_isadministrator()) {
set_isadministrator(from.isadministrator());
}
if (from.has_documentaccesslevel()) {
set_documentaccesslevel(from.documentaccesslevel());
}
if (from.has_cansigndocuments()) {
set_cansigndocuments(from.cansigndocuments());
}
if (from.has_canmanagecounteragents()) {
set_canmanagecounteragents(from.canmanagecounteragents());
}
if (from.has_canaddresolutions()) {
set_canaddresolutions(from.canaddresolutions());
}
if (from.has_canrequestresolutions()) {
set_canrequestresolutions(from.canrequestresolutions());
}
}
if (from._has_bits_[8 / 32] & (0xffu << (8 % 32))) {
if (from.has_jobtitle()) {
set_jobtitle(from.jobtitle());
}
if (from.has_cancreatedocuments()) {
set_cancreatedocuments(from.cancreatedocuments());
}
if (from.has_authorizationpermission()) {
mutable_authorizationpermission()->::Diadoc::Api::Proto::AuthorizationPermission::MergeFrom(from.authorizationpermission());
}
if (from.has_candeleterestoredocuments()) {
set_candeleterestoredocuments(from.candeleterestoredocuments());
}
}
mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
}
void OrganizationUserPermissions::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
if (&from == this) return;
Clear();
MergeFrom(from);
}
void OrganizationUserPermissions::CopyFrom(const OrganizationUserPermissions& from) {
if (&from == this) return;
Clear();
MergeFrom(from);
}
bool OrganizationUserPermissions::IsInitialized() const {
if ((_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000e7b) != 0x00000e7b) return false;
if (has_authorizationpermission()) {
if (!this->authorizationpermission().IsInitialized()) return false;
}
return true;
}
void OrganizationUserPermissions::Swap(OrganizationUserPermissions* other) {
if (other != this) {
std::swap(userdepartmentid_, other->userdepartmentid_);
std::swap(isadministrator_, other->isadministrator_);
std::swap(documentaccesslevel_, other->documentaccesslevel_);
std::swap(cansigndocuments_, other->cansigndocuments_);
std::swap(canmanagecounteragents_, other->canmanagecounteragents_);
std::swap(canaddresolutions_, other->canaddresolutions_);
std::swap(canrequestresolutions_, other->canrequestresolutions_);
selecteddepartmentids_.Swap(&other->selecteddepartmentids_);
std::swap(jobtitle_, other->jobtitle_);
std::swap(cancreatedocuments_, other->cancreatedocuments_);
std::swap(authorizationpermission_, other->authorizationpermission_);
std::swap(candeleterestoredocuments_, other->candeleterestoredocuments_);
std::swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
_unknown_fields_.Swap(&other->_unknown_fields_);
std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
}
}
::google::protobuf::Metadata OrganizationUserPermissions::GetMetadata() const {
protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
metadata.descriptor = OrganizationUserPermissions_descriptor_;
metadata.reflection = OrganizationUserPermissions_reflection_;
return metadata;
}
// ===================================================================
#ifndef _MSC_VER
const int AuthorizationPermission::kIsBlockedFieldNumber;
const int AuthorizationPermission::kCommentFieldNumber;
#endif // !_MSC_VER
AuthorizationPermission::AuthorizationPermission()
: ::google::protobuf::Message() {
SharedCtor();
// @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:Diadoc.Api.Proto.AuthorizationPermission)
}
void AuthorizationPermission::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
}
AuthorizationPermission::AuthorizationPermission(const AuthorizationPermission& from)
: ::google::protobuf::Message() {
SharedCtor();
MergeFrom(from);
// @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:Diadoc.Api.Proto.AuthorizationPermission)
}
void AuthorizationPermission::SharedCtor() {
::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
_cached_size_ = 0;
isblocked_ = false;
comment_ = const_cast< ::std::string*>(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
}
AuthorizationPermission::~AuthorizationPermission() {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:Diadoc.Api.Proto.AuthorizationPermission)
SharedDtor();
}
void AuthorizationPermission::SharedDtor() {
if (comment_ != &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
delete comment_;
}
if (this != default_instance_) {
}
}
void AuthorizationPermission::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
_cached_size_ = size;
GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
}
const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* AuthorizationPermission::descriptor() {
protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
return AuthorizationPermission_descriptor_;
}
const AuthorizationPermission& AuthorizationPermission::default_instance() {
if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_OrganizationUserPermissions_2eproto();
return *default_instance_;
}
AuthorizationPermission* AuthorizationPermission::default_instance_ = NULL;
AuthorizationPermission* AuthorizationPermission::New() const {
return new AuthorizationPermission;
}
void AuthorizationPermission::Clear() {
if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3) {
isblocked_ = false;
if (has_comment()) {
if (comment_ != &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
comment_->clear();
}
}
}
::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
}
bool AuthorizationPermission::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
// @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:Diadoc.Api.Proto.AuthorizationPermission)
for (;;) {
::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
tag = p.first;
if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
// required bool IsBlocked = 1;
case 1: {
if (tag == 8) {
DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
input, &isblocked_)));
set_has_isblocked();
} else {
goto handle_unusual;
}
if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_Comment;
break;
}
// optional string Comment = 2;
case 2: {
if (tag == 18) {
parse_Comment:
DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
input, this->mutable_comment()));
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
this->comment().data(), this->comment().length(),
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
"comment");
} else {
goto handle_unusual;
}
if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
break;
}
default: {
handle_unusual:
if (tag == 0 ||
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
goto success;
}
DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SkipField(
input, tag, mutable_unknown_fields()));
break;
}
}
}
success:
// @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:Diadoc.Api.Proto.AuthorizationPermission)
return true;
failure:
// @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:Diadoc.Api.Proto.AuthorizationPermission)
return false;
#undef DO_
}
void AuthorizationPermission::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:Diadoc.Api.Proto.AuthorizationPermission)
// required bool IsBlocked = 1;
if (has_isblocked()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(1, this->isblocked(), output);
}
// optional string Comment = 2;
if (has_comment()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
this->comment().data(), this->comment().length(),
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
"comment");
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
2, this->comment(), output);
}
if (!unknown_fields().empty()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFields(
unknown_fields(), output);
}
// @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:Diadoc.Api.Proto.AuthorizationPermission)
}
::google::protobuf::uint8* AuthorizationPermission::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:Diadoc.Api.Proto.AuthorizationPermission)
// required bool IsBlocked = 1;
if (has_isblocked()) {
target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(1, this->isblocked(), target);
}
// optional string Comment = 2;
if (has_comment()) {
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
this->comment().data(), this->comment().length(),
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
"comment");
target =
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
2, this->comment(), target);
}
if (!unknown_fields().empty()) {
target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
unknown_fields(), target);
}
// @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:Diadoc.Api.Proto.AuthorizationPermission)
return target;
}
int AuthorizationPermission::ByteSize() const {
int total_size = 0;
if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
// required bool IsBlocked = 1;
if (has_isblocked()) {
total_size += 1 + 1;
}
// optional string Comment = 2;
if (has_comment()) {
total_size += 1 +
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
this->comment());
}
}
if (!unknown_fields().empty()) {
total_size +=
::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
unknown_fields());
}
GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
_cached_size_ = total_size;
GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
return total_size;
}
void AuthorizationPermission::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(&from, this);
const AuthorizationPermission* source =
::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const AuthorizationPermission*>(
&from);
if (source == NULL) {
::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
} else {
MergeFrom(*source);
}
}
void AuthorizationPermission::MergeFrom(const AuthorizationPermission& from) {
GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(&from, this);
if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
if (from.has_isblocked()) {
set_isblocked(from.isblocked());
}
if (from.has_comment()) {
set_comment(from.comment());
}
}
mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
}
void AuthorizationPermission::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
if (&from == this) return;
Clear();
MergeFrom(from);
}
void AuthorizationPermission::CopyFrom(const AuthorizationPermission& from) {
if (&from == this) return;
Clear();
MergeFrom(from);
}
bool AuthorizationPermission::IsInitialized() const {
if ((_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001) != 0x00000001) return false;
return true;
}
void AuthorizationPermission::Swap(AuthorizationPermission* other) {
if (other != this) {
std::swap(isblocked_, other->isblocked_);
std::swap(comment_, other->comment_);
std::swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
_unknown_fields_.Swap(&other->_unknown_fields_);
std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
}
}
::google::protobuf::Metadata AuthorizationPermission::GetMetadata() const {
protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
metadata.descriptor = AuthorizationPermission_descriptor_;
metadata.reflection = AuthorizationPermission_reflection_;
return metadata;
}
// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
} // namespace Proto
} // namespace Api
} // namespace Diadoc
// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
| 43,499 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27778975
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,015 |
Stack Exchange
|
Lundin, Toby, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1292918, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1741125, https://stackoverflow.com/users/584518, mafso
|
English
|
Spoken
| 689 | 1,203 |
Why does MISRA-C:2004 throw an error here?
I seem to keep getting MISRA-C:2004 rule 10.1 and 10.3 errors for the lShift assignment in the following snippet and can't really see what more could be done to satisfy the requirement... why am I still getting an error?
#define ADC_INTSELxNy_LOG2_NUMBITS_PER_REG 3U
#define ADC_INTSELxNy_NUMBITS_PER_REG 8U
void foo (const bar_e intNumber) {
uint_least8_t lShift = (uint_least8_t)(ADC_INTSELxNy_NUMBITS_PER_REG - (((((uint_least8_t)intNumber) + 1U) & 0x1U) << ADC_INTSELxNy_LOG2_NUMBITS_PER_REG));
//...
}
What are rules 10.1 and 10.3?
10.1: The value of an expression of integer type shall not be implicitly converted to a different underlying type if A) it is not a conversion to a wider integer type of the same signedness, or B) the expression is complex, or C) the expression is not constant and is a function argument, or D) the expression is not constant and is a return expression.
10.3: The value of a complex expression of integer type may only be cast to a type that is narrower and of the same signedness as the underlying type of the expression.
though 10.3 seems to have gone now, despite me having not changed anything...
What is bar_e? And while it's not clear to me what "underlying type" is supposed to mean here, A) seems violated because uint_least8_t is (on most systems) promoted to int. Perhaps changing the casts to (unsigned) and masking with 0xff (what seems to be your intent rather than masking with (unit_least8_t)-1 anyway) does it. I'm not familiar with MISRA, though (and disagree with most of the rules I've seen so far).
That line is an unreadable mess. Consider splitting it up to increase readability.
Depending on the width on int on your system, the code will look different. The code below assumes 32 bit integers.
uint8_t bit = (uint8_t)( ((uint32_t)intNumber + 1U) & 0x1U );
uint32_t lShift32 = ((uint32_t)bit << ADC_INTSELxNy_LOG2_NUMBITS_PER_REG);
uint_least8_t lShift8 = (uint_least8_t)((uint32_t)ADC_INTSELxNy_NUMBITS_PER_REG - lShift);
Now as for the reason why you got errors, rules 10.1 and 10.3 are concerned with implicit integer type promotions. If you split the code up as I did above, you'll get less confused about what's the "underlying type" of each sub-expression. What you did wrong was to add a cast to the underlying type before the operation, which does little good. You need to do it after each operation.
The + operation needs an explicit cast to underlying type after the + operation, same thing with the & operation and the shift operation. It is not sufficient just to cast everything to the underlying type at the end, you have to consider each sub-expression individually.
To explain my code above:
The first row has an explicit cast to uint32_t to ensure that intNumber is of the same type as 1U. That way, there is no implicit conversion of the sub-expression intNumber + 1U and this is a wider type of same signedness as the underlying type uint8_t (meaning it is safe). The result of the addition is of type unsigned int. Again, unsigned int & unsigned int yields no implicit conversion. And finally the result is cast to uint8_t to satisfy a number of MISRA rules. The rest of the code goes on in the same manner.
I always try to make a widening cast to a large integer type before the operation, to simplify everything, avoiding implicit promotions and avoiding numerous casts after each other.
Note that the true purpose of rule 10.1 is to actually force you to educate yourself about implicit type promotions in C. It is a rather complex topic, but a frightening number of C programmers are oblivious to type promotions and all the dangers and bugs caused by them. More info about the type promotion rules here.
This works fine until I add the last step in, the subtraction (which maybe you missed + using 16-bit ints) uint_least8_t lshift8 = (uint_least8_t)(ADC_INTSELxNy_NUMBITS_PER_REG - (uint_least8_t)lShift16);. Maybe I'm still not getting the promotion right?
Ah, should be uint_least8_t lShift = (uint_least8_t)((uint16_t)ADC_INTSELxNy_NUMBITS_PER_REG - .... Ta
@Toby Oops yes I missed out that part. Let me edit the post. Indeed you need an explicit cast unless ADC_INTSELxNy_NUMBITS_PER_REG is already large enough type.
| 42,118 |
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%8B%88%20%EC%9B%8C%EC%BB%A4
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
조니 워커
|
https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=조니 워커&action=history
|
Korean
|
Spoken
| 671 | 3,110 |
조니 워커()는 스코틀랜드의 스카치 위스키 브랜드이다. 조니 워커는 전 세계에 가장 널리 유통되는 블렌딩 스카치 위스키이며, 동시에 전 세계 거의 모든 나라에 년간 1억 2천만병 이상 판매되고 있다.
역사
존 워커는 1805년 7월 25일 탄생했다. 그의 아버지가 1819년 사망한 뒤 그의 가족은 농장을 처분하고 그 돈으로 스코틀랜드, 에이셔, 킬마녹에 식료품점을 차린다. 존 워커는 1820년 10대부터 이 가게의 식료품, 와인, 증류주를 관리했다. 1823년 위스키에 대한 법이 개정되며 위스키의 증류와 판매에 대한 세금이 감소되자 1825년 존 워커는 럼, 브랜디, 진, 위스키 등을 포함한 증류주를 판매하기 시작했다.
그레인 위스키와 몰트 위스키를 섞는 것이 아직 금지되어 있었기 때문에 블랜디드 몰트 위스키와 블랜디드 그레인 위스키를 판매했다. 당시 존 워커는 아직 직접 위스키를 생산하고 있지 않았고 그가 판매하는 상품들은 손님들의 요구에 따라 블랜딩하는 맞춤형 상품이었다. 몇 년 뒤 그는 자신이 판매하는 블랜디드 몰트 위스키에 그의 이름을 따와 Walker's Kilmarnock Whisky로 이름 붙이고 판매하기 시작했다. 이후 존 워커는 1857년 사망한다.
이후 그의 브랜드는 점점 유명세를 얻었다. 존 워커의 사후 그의 아들인 알렉산더 워커와 손자인 알렉산더 워커 2세에게 가게를 물려준다. 1860년 증류주법에서 그레인 위스키와 몰트 위스키를 섞는 것을 합법화했고 이후 블랜디드 스카치 위스키가 등장하게 된다. 블랜디드 스카치 위스키는 더 가볍고 달아서 더 접근성도 좋았고 때문에 더 넓은 폭의 대중들을 대상으로 상품가치가 높았다. 처음 블랜디드 스카치 위스키를 생산한 것은 에든버러 지역의 앤드류 어셔였으나 워커도 적절한 시기에 이 시장에 뛰어든다.
알렉산더 워커는 새로운 사업 전략을 세워 현재 조니 워커의 상징이기도 한 사각 병을 1860년에 도입했다. 이 사각형 디자인 덕분에 워커의 술은 같은 공간에 더 많이 들어가고 병이 잘 깨지지도 않았다. 조니 워커 병의 또 다른 상징인 24도 기울어진 라벨도 이때 도입하여 고객들이 멀리서도 제품을 알아볼 수 있도록 만들었다. 또 그의 가게가 있었던 킬마녹에 상품을 운반하는 철도가 들어서 그의 제품은 철도와 해상을 통해 세계로 진출할 수 있었으며 조니 워커가 대중적으로 퍼지는데 기여했다. 알렉산더 워커의 뛰어난 사업 감각 덕분에 1862년 Walker's Kilmarnock Whisky는 연간 판매량 10만 갤런을 달성했다.
1865년 알렉산더 워커는 조니 워커의 첫 상업적 블랜드 위스키인 올드 하일랜드 위스키를 만들고 1867년에 상품 등록을 했다.
위스키 사업은 계속 성장해서 존 워커 시절에 위스키 판매가 수입의 8%였지만 알렉산더 워커가 아들에게 회사를 물려줄 때가 되어서는 수입의 90~95%를 차지하게 된다.
1893년 조니 워커 회사는 자사 블랜디드 위스키의 핵심 몰트 위스키를 생산하는 Cardhu 증류소를 인수해 재고 안정화를 시켰다. 이로 인해 Cardhu 증류소의 위스키는 시장에서 사라졌으며 오로지 조니 워커사의 전유물이 되었다. Cardhu 증류소는 조니 워커 생산에 안정적으로 몰트 위스키를 공급하며 핵심이 되었고 1909년 조니 워커 레드와 조니 워커 블랙의 핵심 싱글 몰트 재료가 되었다.
1906년부터 1909년까지 존 워커의 손자였던 조지 워커와 알렉산더 워커 2세는 제품 라인을 확장하여 5년을 숙성한 올드 하일랜드 위스키와 9년 숙성한 스페셜 올드 하일랜드, 12년 숙성한 엑스트라 스페셜 올드 하일랜드 3종의 블랜디드 위스키를 시장에 출시한다. 이 세 상품은 후에 조니 워커 시리즈의 기준이 되었으며 명칭을 화이트, 레드, 블랙 등 색상으로 바꿔서 계속 생산된다. 1909년에 만화가 톰 브라운이 조니 워커의 마스코트인 스트라이딩 맨을 제작하고 조니 워커사는 생산하는 위스키의 명칭을 색상으로 통일한다. 이전의 올드 하일랜드 위스키는 조니 워커 화이트라벨로 변경하며 숙성 년도를 6년으로 늘렸고 스페셜 올드 하일랜드 위스키는 조니 워커 레드라벨로 변경하며 숙성 년도를 10년으로 늘렸다. 엑스트라 스페셜 올드 하일랜드 위스키는 조니 워커 블랙라벨로 명칭만 변경했다.
이후 자사 상품 다양성 확장의 기회를 노리던 워커사는 Coleburn 증류소를 인수했고 뒤따라 Clynelish 증류소 회사도 인수했으며 1916년에는 Dailuaine-Talkisker 회사도 인수한다. 이 덕에 안정적으로 싱글 몰트 위스키를 Cardhu, Coleburn, Clynelish, Talisker, Dailuaine 증류소로부터 공급받게 되었다. 이후 1923년에는 전략적으로 진일보하기 위해 Mortlach 증류소도 인수했으며 조니 워커 블랜디드 위스키 대부분에 해당 증류소의 위스키를 사용했다.
제1차 세계대전 기간 중 조니 워커 화이트 라벨은 단종됐으며 1932년 알렉산더 워커 2세는 조니 워커 스윙을 출시했다.
1925년 조니 워커는 디스틸러스 컴퍼니에 가입했다. 후에 1986년 디스틸러스 컴퍼니는 기네스에 인수되었고 1997년에는 그랜드 메트로폴리탄과 합병하여 디아지오가 창설되었다. 조니 워커는 그 해 조니 워커 퓨어 몰트라는 블랜디드 몰트 위스키를 출시했고 2004년에 조니 워커 그린 라벨로 개칭했다.
2009년 디아지오는 2012년까지 킬마녹에 있는 모든 사업을 닫기로 했으며 많은 반발과 탄원, 공공 캠페인, 대규모 행진이 있었지만 결국 디아지오는 킬마녹 지역의 사업을 폐쇄했다. 이에따라 킬마녹에 있던 조니 워커 공장은 2012년 3월에 문을 닫고 1년 뒤 건물이 철거되었다.
각주
외부 링크
공식 사이트 양심적으로 생년월일을 입력하도록 하는데, 미성년자의 경우에는 "SORRY" 문구가 뜨면서 야후로 자동 이동된다.
Details on how to visit Cardhu distillery, spiritual home to Johnnie Walker
Johnnie Walker Green review
스카치 위스키
1865년 설립
디아지오의_제품
스코틀랜드의 브랜드
| 45,754 |
https://github.com/alas/s2geometry/blob/master/S2Geometry/FxUtils/HashMix.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,022 |
s2geometry
|
alas
|
C#
|
Code
| 260 | 568 |
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace S2Geometry
{
// Author: jyrki@google.com (Jyrki Alakuijala)
//
// Fast mixing of hash values -- not strong enough for fingerprinting.
// May change from time to time.
//
// Values given are expected to be hashes from good hash functions.
// What constitutes a good hash may depend on your application. As a rule of
// thumb, if std::hash<int> is strong enough for your hashing need if
// your data were just ints, it will most likely be the correct choice
// for a mixed hash of data members. HashMix does one round of multiply and
// rotate mixing, so you get some additional collision avoidance guarantees
// compared to just using std::hash<int> directly.
//
// Possible use:
//
// struct Xyzzy {
// int x;
// int y;
// string id;
// };
//
// #ifndef SWIG
// template<> struct XyzzyHash<Xyzzy> {
// size_t operator()(const Xyzzy& c) const {
// HashMix mix(hash<int>()(c.x));
// mix.Mix(hash<int>()(c.y));
// mix.Mix(GoodFastHash<string>()(c.id));
// return mix.get();
// }
// }
// #endif
//
// HashMix is a lower level interface than std::hash<std::tuple<>>.
// Use std::hash<std::tuple<>> instead of HashMix where appropriate.
public static class HashMix
{
private const ulong kMul = 0xdc3eb94af8ab4c93UL;
public static ulong GetHash<T>(IEnumerable<T> values)
{
ulong mix = 1;
foreach (var value in values)
{
// Multiplicative hashing will mix bits better in the msb end ...
mix *= kMul;
// ... and rotating will move the better mixed msb-bits to lsb-bits.
mix = ((mix << 19) | (mix >> (64 - 19))) + (ulong)(uint)value.GetHashCode();
}
return mix;
}
}
}
| 1,586 |
https://github.com/EndlessCheng/codeforces-go/blob/master/main/1300-1399/1334A_test.go
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,023 |
codeforces-go
|
EndlessCheng
|
Go
|
Code
| 85 | 195 |
package main
import (
"github.com/EndlessCheng/codeforces-go/main/testutil"
"testing"
)
func TestCF1334A(t *testing.T) {
// just copy from website
rawText := `
inputCopy
8
3
0 0
1 1
1 2
2
1 0
1000 3
4
10 1
15 2
10 2
15 2
1
765 432
2
4 4
4 3
5
0 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
2
1 0
1 1
2
10 1
11 3
outputCopy
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO`
testutil.AssertEqualCase(t, rawText, 0, CF1334A)
}
| 8,937 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14660389
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,013 |
Stack Exchange
|
Amelia, Arjan, dev-null-dweller, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1611620, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1698924, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1986983, https://stackoverflow.com/users/258674, https://stackoverflow.com/users/729539, mohammad mohsenipur, nickornotto
|
English
|
Spoken
| 400 | 713 |
php different cpu usage same file?
I have problem with exceeeding CPU usage by my website on a shared hosting.
I'm just doing a test and it seems that for the same file I can get different CPU values.
I'm testing simple htm with some simple php inserted and mostly I get 0 CPU usage. But somethimes this values raise to 25, 35 or even 85 !
Is it correct to have different CPU usage for the same script?
Is it normal to have as much as 85 or around for a simple script?
Thanks
EDIT: I use a script to check the usage:
public static function onRequestStart() {
$dat = getrusage();
define('PHP_TUSAGE', microtime(true));
define('PHP_RUSAGE', $dat["ru_utime.tv_sec"]*1e6+$dat["ru_utime.tv_usec"]);
}
public static function getCpuUsage() {
$dat = getrusage();
$dat["ru_utime.tv_usec"] =
($dat["ru_utime.tv_sec"]*1e6 + $dat["ru_utime.tv_usec"]) - PHP_RUSAGE;
$time = (microtime(true) - PHP_TUSAGE) * 1000000;
// cpu per request
if($time > 0) {
$cpu = sprintf("%01.2f", ($dat["ru_utime.tv_usec"] / $time) * 100);
} else {
$cpu = '0.00';
}
self::add_session_data($cpu); // this add data to db or display on the screen
return $cpu;
}
onRequestStart() goes into the beggining of the scripts, getCpuUsage() goes at the end
How are you testing this?
how are you determining the scripts cpu usage?
for testing you must stop public service
Mohammad, do you mean I should stop the website for my users?
tnx, I put the site on maintenance, but it's still the same: in most cases 0 but sometimes a lot: 34, 58, 73, 124, 42 etc
your cpu usage is not solely determined by a single process.
ok, so how should I test it?
I'm just unable to find where the problem is in my scripts if I can't get a reliable cpu data
If you think your script is slow and you want to know which areas are best for improvements, you should not try to build your own cpu usage meter. Instead you should use a profiler such as XDebug or XHProf. They will be able to tell you which functions and methods take long to run. Those are the things you should focus on.
Thanks but I use shared hosting, I can't install any of the software you advised. I could on my local machine but I use Mac and they are all for Windows/Linux.
Both also work on Mac. You could use homebrew or macports to install things, or just google for installation instructions.
| 40,432 |
https://github.com/CURocketry/LaunchVehicleController2016/blob/master/sample/imu_gyro.c
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
LaunchVehicleController2016
|
CURocketry
|
C
|
Code
| 66 | 312 |
#include <Adafruit_L3GD20_U.h>
#include <crt_common.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <unistd.h>
struct gyro_t *gyro;
int main() {
struct gyro_t *gyro;
sensor_t sensor;
printf("Gyroscope Test\n");
//get sensor details
//gyro_getSensor(&sensor);
// Initiailiza sensor
if (!gyro_create(&gyro, 20, GYRO_RANGE_250DPS)) {
printf("No L3GD20 detected!");
return;
}
gyro_enableAutoRange(gyro, true);
//printf("Sensor %s", sensor.name);
for (;;) {
sensors_event_t event;
gyro_getEvent(gyro, &event);
printf(" X:%f Y:%f Z:%f \n",event.gyro.x,event.gyro.y,event.gyro.z);
usleep(500000);
}
}
| 22,576 |
https://github.com/kollya/fluentui-system-icons/blob/master/packages/react-icons/src/components/News24Filled.tsx
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
fluentui-system-icons
|
kollya
|
TSX
|
Code
| 99 | 539 |
import * as React from "react";
import { JSX } from "react-jsx";
import { IFluentIconsProps } from '../IFluentIconsProps.types';
const News24Filled = (iconProps: IFluentIconsProps, props: React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLElement>): JSX.Element => {
const {
primaryFill,
className
} = iconProps;
return <svg {...props} width={24} height={24} viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" className={className}><path d="M16.75 4c1.2 0 2.17.93 2.24 2.1l.01.15V17.5a.5.5 0 001 .09V7.01c1.07.12 1.92 1 2 2.08v7.66a3.25 3.25 0 01-3.07 3.24l-.18.01H5.25a3.25 3.25 0 01-3.24-3.07L2 16.75V6.25c0-1.2.93-2.17 2.1-2.24L4.25 4h12.5zm-7.5 7h-3.5a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5c0 .41.33.75.75.75h3.5c.41 0 .75-.34.75-.75v-3.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm6 3.5h-2.6a.75.75 0 00.1 1.5h2.6a.75.75 0 00-.1-1.5zm-6.75-2v2h-2v-2h2zm6.75-1.5h-2.5l-.1.01a.75.75 0 00.1 1.5l2.5-.01h.1a.75.75 0 00-.1-1.5zm0-3.5h-9.5l-.1.01a.75.75 0 00.1 1.5h9.5l.1-.01a.75.75 0 00-.1-1.5z" fill={primaryFill} /></svg>;
};
export default News24Filled;
| 3,473 |
https://github.com/kbsbng/UndoBar/blob/master/library/src/com/cocosw/undobar/UndoBarStyle.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| null |
UndoBar
|
kbsbng
|
Java
|
Code
| 397 | 1,030 |
package com.cocosw.undobar;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import androidx.annotation.DrawableRes;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.StringRes;
import android.view.animation.Animation;
public class UndoBarStyle implements Parcelable {
public static final int DEFAULT_DURATION = 5000;
int iconRes;
int titleRes;
int bgRes;
long duration = DEFAULT_DURATION;
Animation inAnimation;
Animation outAnimation;
/**
* UndoBar Style
*
* @param icon icon for the button right side
* @param title title for the button right side
*/
public UndoBarStyle(@DrawableRes final int icon, @StringRes final int title) {
iconRes = icon;
titleRes = title;
}
/**
* UndoBar Style
*
* @param icon icon for the button right side
* @param title title for the button right side
* @param duration duration the undobar will stay in screen
*/
public UndoBarStyle(@DrawableRes final int icon, @StringRes final int title, final long duration) {
this(icon, title);
this.duration = duration;
}
/**
* UndoBar Style
*
* @param icon icon for the button right side
* @param title title for the button right side
* @param duration duration the undobar will stay in screen
* @param bg background image for undobar
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public UndoBarStyle(@DrawableRes final int icon, @StringRes final int title, @DrawableRes final int bg,
final long duration) {
this(icon, title, duration);
bgRes = bg;
}
/**
* Set Animation for current style
*
* @param inAnimation animation for fade in
* @param outAnimation animation for fade out
* @return UndoBar
*/
@Deprecated
public UndoBarStyle setAnim(Animation inAnimation, Animation outAnimation) {
this.inAnimation = inAnimation;
this.outAnimation = outAnimation;
return this;
}
@Override
@NonNull
public String toString() {
return "UndoBarStyle{" +
"iconRes=" + iconRes +
", titleRes=" + titleRes +
", bgRes=" + bgRes +
", duration=" + duration +
", inAnimation=" + inAnimation +
", outAnimation=" + outAnimation +
'}';
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null) return false;
if (!(o instanceof UndoBarStyle))
return false;
UndoBarStyle that = (UndoBarStyle) o;
return bgRes == that.bgRes &&
duration == that.duration &&
iconRes == that.iconRes &&
titleRes == that.titleRes;
}
@Override
public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
dest.writeInt(this.iconRes);
dest.writeInt(this.titleRes);
dest.writeInt(this.bgRes);
dest.writeLong(this.duration);
}
private UndoBarStyle(Parcel in) {
this.iconRes = in.readInt();
this.titleRes = in.readInt();
this.bgRes = in.readInt();
this.duration = in.readLong();
}
public static final Creator<UndoBarStyle> CREATOR = new Creator<UndoBarStyle>() {
public UndoBarStyle createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
return new UndoBarStyle(source);
}
public UndoBarStyle[] newArray(int size) {
return new UndoBarStyle[size];
}
};
}
| 764 |
https://github.com/dennis-menge/spring-cloud-open-service-broker/blob/master/spring-cloud-open-service-broker-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/cloud/servicebroker/service/ServiceInstanceBindingEventServiceTest.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0, LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference, LicenseRef-scancode-generic-cla
| 2,021 |
spring-cloud-open-service-broker
|
dennis-menge
|
Java
|
Code
| 681 | 4,046 |
/*
* Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import reactor.test.StepVerifier;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.exception.ServiceBrokerInvalidParametersException;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.exception.ServiceInstanceBindingDoesNotExistException;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.exception.ServiceInstanceBindingExistsException;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.exception.ServiceInstanceDoesNotExistException;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.model.binding.CreateServiceInstanceAppBindingResponse;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.model.binding.CreateServiceInstanceBindingRequest;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.model.binding.CreateServiceInstanceBindingResponse;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.model.binding.DeleteServiceInstanceBindingRequest;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.model.binding.DeleteServiceInstanceBindingResponse;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.model.binding.GetLastServiceBindingOperationRequest;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.model.binding.GetLastServiceBindingOperationResponse;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.model.binding.GetServiceInstanceAppBindingResponse;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.model.binding.GetServiceInstanceBindingRequest;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.model.binding.GetServiceInstanceBindingResponse;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.AsyncOperationServiceInstanceBindingEventFlowRegistry;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.AsyncOperationServiceInstanceEventFlowRegistry;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.CreateServiceInstanceBindingEventFlowRegistry;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.CreateServiceInstanceEventFlowRegistry;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.DeleteServiceInstanceBindingEventFlowRegistry;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.DeleteServiceInstanceEventFlowRegistry;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.EventFlowRegistries;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.UpdateServiceInstanceEventFlowRegistry;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.flows.AsyncOperationServiceInstanceBindingCompletionFlow;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.flows.AsyncOperationServiceInstanceBindingErrorFlow;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.flows.AsyncOperationServiceInstanceBindingInitializationFlow;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.flows.CreateServiceInstanceBindingCompletionFlow;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.flows.CreateServiceInstanceBindingErrorFlow;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.flows.CreateServiceInstanceBindingInitializationFlow;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.flows.DeleteServiceInstanceBindingCompletionFlow;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.flows.DeleteServiceInstanceBindingErrorFlow;
import org.springframework.cloud.servicebroker.service.events.flows.DeleteServiceInstanceBindingInitializationFlow;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
class ServiceInstanceBindingEventServiceTest {
private ServiceInstanceBindingEventService serviceInstanceBindingEventService;
private EventFlowRegistries eventFlowRegistries;
private EventFlowTestResults results;
@BeforeEach
void setUp() {
this.eventFlowRegistries = new EventFlowRegistries(
new CreateServiceInstanceEventFlowRegistry(new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>()),
new UpdateServiceInstanceEventFlowRegistry(new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>()),
new DeleteServiceInstanceEventFlowRegistry(new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>()),
new AsyncOperationServiceInstanceEventFlowRegistry(
new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>()),
new CreateServiceInstanceBindingEventFlowRegistry(
new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>()),
new DeleteServiceInstanceBindingEventFlowRegistry(
new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>()),
new AsyncOperationServiceInstanceBindingEventFlowRegistry(
new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>())
);
this.serviceInstanceBindingEventService =
new ServiceInstanceBindingEventService(new TestServiceInstanceBindingService(), eventFlowRegistries);
this.results = new EventFlowTestResults();
}
@Test
void createServiceInstanceBindingSucceeds() {
prepareBindingFlows();
StepVerifier
.create(serviceInstanceBindingEventService.createServiceInstanceBinding(
CreateServiceInstanceBindingRequest.builder()
.serviceInstanceId("service-instance-id")
.serviceDefinitionId("service-binding-id")
.build()))
.expectNext(CreateServiceInstanceAppBindingResponse.builder().build())
.verifyComplete();
assertThat(this.results.getBeforeCreate()).isEqualTo("before create service-instance-id");
assertThat(this.results.getAfterCreate()).isEqualTo("after create service-instance-id");
assertThat(this.results.getErrorCreate()).isNullOrEmpty();
assertThat(this.results.getBeforeDelete()).isNullOrEmpty();
assertThat(this.results.getAfterDelete()).isNullOrEmpty();
assertThat(this.results.getErrorDelete()).isNullOrEmpty();
}
@Test
void createServiceInstanceBindingFails() {
prepareBindingFlows();
StepVerifier
.create(serviceInstanceBindingEventService.createServiceInstanceBinding(
CreateServiceInstanceBindingRequest.builder()
.serviceInstanceId("service-instance-id")
.build()))
.expectError()
.verify();
assertThat(this.results.getBeforeCreate()).isEqualTo("before create service-instance-id");
assertThat(this.results.getAfterCreate()).isNullOrEmpty();
assertThat(this.results.getErrorCreate()).isEqualTo("error create service-instance-id");
assertThat(this.results.getBeforeDelete()).isNullOrEmpty();
assertThat(this.results.getAfterDelete()).isNullOrEmpty();
assertThat(this.results.getErrorDelete()).isNullOrEmpty();
}
@Test
void getServiceInstanceBinding() {
StepVerifier
.create(serviceInstanceBindingEventService.getServiceInstanceBinding(
GetServiceInstanceBindingRequest.builder()
.serviceInstanceId("service-instance-id")
.bindingId("service-binding-id")
.build()))
.expectNext(GetServiceInstanceAppBindingResponse.builder().build())
.verifyComplete();
}
@Test
void getLastOperationSucceeds() {
prepareLastOperationEventFlows();
StepVerifier
.create(serviceInstanceBindingEventService.getLastOperation(
GetLastServiceBindingOperationRequest.builder()
.bindingId("service-instance-id")
.serviceInstanceId("service-binding-id")
.build()))
.expectNext(GetLastServiceBindingOperationResponse.builder().build())
.verifyComplete();
assertThat(this.results.getBeforeLastOperation()).isEqualTo("before service-instance-id");
assertThat(this.results.getAfterLastOperation()).isEqualTo("after service-instance-id");
assertThat(this.results.getErrorLastOperation()).isNullOrEmpty();
}
@Test
void getLastOperationFails() {
prepareLastOperationEventFlows();
StepVerifier
.create(serviceInstanceBindingEventService.getLastOperation(
GetLastServiceBindingOperationRequest.builder()
.bindingId("service-instance-id")
.build()))
.expectError()
.verify();
assertThat(this.results.getBeforeLastOperation()).isEqualTo("before service-instance-id");
assertThat(this.results.getAfterLastOperation()).isNullOrEmpty();
assertThat(this.results.getErrorLastOperation()).isEqualTo("error service-instance-id");
}
private void prepareLastOperationEventFlows() {
this.eventFlowRegistries.getAsyncOperationBindingRegistry()
.addInitializationFlow(new AsyncOperationServiceInstanceBindingInitializationFlow() {
@Override
public Mono<Void> initialize(GetLastServiceBindingOperationRequest request) {
return results.setBeforeLastOperation("before " + request.getBindingId());
}
})
.then(this.eventFlowRegistries.getAsyncOperationBindingRegistry()
.addCompletionFlow(new AsyncOperationServiceInstanceBindingCompletionFlow() {
@Override
public Mono<Void> complete(
GetLastServiceBindingOperationRequest request,
GetLastServiceBindingOperationResponse response) {
return results.setAfterLastOperation("after " + request.getBindingId());
}
}))
.then(eventFlowRegistries.getAsyncOperationBindingRegistry()
.addErrorFlow(new AsyncOperationServiceInstanceBindingErrorFlow() {
@Override
public Mono<Void> error(GetLastServiceBindingOperationRequest request,
Throwable t) {
return results.setErrorLastOperation("error " + request.getBindingId());
}
}))
.subscribe();
}
@Test
void deleteServiceInstanceBindingSucceeds() {
prepareBindingFlows();
StepVerifier
.create(serviceInstanceBindingEventService.deleteServiceInstanceBinding(
DeleteServiceInstanceBindingRequest.builder()
.serviceInstanceId("service-instance-id")
.bindingId("service-binding-id")
.build()))
.expectNext(DeleteServiceInstanceBindingResponse.builder().build())
.verifyComplete();
assertThat(this.results.getBeforeCreate()).isNullOrEmpty();
assertThat(this.results.getAfterCreate()).isNullOrEmpty();
assertThat(this.results.getErrorCreate()).isNullOrEmpty();
assertThat(this.results.getBeforeDelete()).isEqualTo("before delete service-instance-id");
assertThat(this.results.getAfterDelete()).isEqualTo("after delete service-instance-id");
assertThat(this.results.getErrorDelete()).isNullOrEmpty();
}
@Test
void deleteServiceInstanceBindingFails() {
prepareBindingFlows();
StepVerifier
.create(serviceInstanceBindingEventService.deleteServiceInstanceBinding(
DeleteServiceInstanceBindingRequest.builder()
.serviceInstanceId("service-instance-id")
.build()))
.expectError()
.verify();
assertThat(this.results.getBeforeCreate()).isNullOrEmpty();
assertThat(this.results.getAfterCreate()).isNullOrEmpty();
assertThat(this.results.getErrorCreate()).isNullOrEmpty();
assertThat(this.results.getBeforeDelete()).isEqualTo("before delete service-instance-id");
assertThat(this.results.getAfterDelete()).isNullOrEmpty();
assertThat(this.results.getErrorDelete()).isEqualTo("error delete service-instance-id");
}
private void prepareBindingFlows() {
this.eventFlowRegistries.getCreateInstanceBindingRegistry()
.addInitializationFlow(new CreateServiceInstanceBindingInitializationFlow() {
@Override
public Mono<Void> initialize(CreateServiceInstanceBindingRequest request) {
return results.setBeforeCreate("before create " + request.getServiceInstanceId());
}
})
.then(eventFlowRegistries.getCreateInstanceBindingRegistry()
.addErrorFlow(new CreateServiceInstanceBindingErrorFlow() {
@Override
public Mono<Void> error(CreateServiceInstanceBindingRequest request, Throwable t) {
return results.setErrorCreate("error create " + request.getServiceInstanceId());
}
}))
.then(eventFlowRegistries.getCreateInstanceBindingRegistry()
.addCompletionFlow(new CreateServiceInstanceBindingCompletionFlow() {
@Override
public Mono<Void> complete(CreateServiceInstanceBindingRequest request,
CreateServiceInstanceBindingResponse response) {
return results.setAfterCreate("after create " + request.getServiceInstanceId());
}
}))
.then(eventFlowRegistries.getDeleteInstanceBindingRegistry()
.addInitializationFlow(new DeleteServiceInstanceBindingInitializationFlow() {
@Override
public Mono<Void> initialize(DeleteServiceInstanceBindingRequest request) {
return results.setBeforeDelete("before delete " + request.getServiceInstanceId());
}
}))
.then(eventFlowRegistries.getDeleteInstanceBindingRegistry()
.addErrorFlow(new DeleteServiceInstanceBindingErrorFlow() {
@Override
public Mono<Void> error(DeleteServiceInstanceBindingRequest request, Throwable t) {
return results.setErrorDelete("error delete " + request.getServiceInstanceId());
}
}))
.then(eventFlowRegistries.getDeleteInstanceBindingRegistry()
.addCompletionFlow(new DeleteServiceInstanceBindingCompletionFlow() {
@Override
public Mono<Void> complete(DeleteServiceInstanceBindingRequest request,
DeleteServiceInstanceBindingResponse response) {
return results.setAfterDelete("after delete " + request.getServiceInstanceId());
}
}))
.subscribe();
}
private static class TestServiceInstanceBindingService implements ServiceInstanceBindingService {
@Override
public Mono<CreateServiceInstanceBindingResponse> createServiceInstanceBinding(
CreateServiceInstanceBindingRequest request) {
if (request.getServiceDefinitionId() == null) {
return Mono.error(new ServiceInstanceBindingExistsException("service-instance-id", "arrrr"));
}
return Mono.just(CreateServiceInstanceAppBindingResponse.builder().build());
}
@Override
public Mono<GetServiceInstanceBindingResponse> getServiceInstanceBinding(
GetServiceInstanceBindingRequest request) {
if (request.getBindingId() == null) {
return Mono.error(new ServiceInstanceDoesNotExistException("service-instance-id"));
}
return Mono.just(GetServiceInstanceAppBindingResponse.builder().build());
}
@Override
public Mono<DeleteServiceInstanceBindingResponse> deleteServiceInstanceBinding(
DeleteServiceInstanceBindingRequest request) {
if (request.getBindingId() == null) {
return Mono.error(new ServiceInstanceBindingDoesNotExistException("service-binding-id"));
}
return Mono.just(DeleteServiceInstanceBindingResponse.builder().build());
}
@Override
public Mono<GetLastServiceBindingOperationResponse> getLastOperation(
GetLastServiceBindingOperationRequest request) {
if (request.getServiceInstanceId() == null) {
return Mono.error(new ServiceBrokerInvalidParametersException("service instance id cannot be null"));
}
return Mono.just(GetLastServiceBindingOperationResponse.builder().build());
}
}
}
| 26,855 |
https://openalex.org/W1896468579_2
|
Spanish-Science-Pile
|
Open Science
|
Various open science
| 2,004 |
ENTRE EL NEOCORPORATISMO Y EL NEOLIBERALISMO. ALTERNATIVAS PARA EL AVANCE DE LA TRANSICIÓN DEMOCRÁTICA MEXICANA
|
None
|
Spanish
|
Spoken
| 3,994 | 6,959 |
Tal vez la característica corporativa más distintiva de las
misiones jesuitas era la propiedad comunal de la tierra. Las
misiones eran no sólo unidades económicas con cierto grado
de autosuficiencia, sino también unidades políticas que
poseían tierras comunales que eran trabajadas de manera
colectiva y redistribuidas periódicamente de acuerdo con
las necesidades colectivas. Cada indígena trabajaba unos
204
Entre el neocorporatismo y el neoliberalismo
días una parcela para beneficio de su familia y otros días
otra para el provecho de la misión.
Por último, está claro también que existía un sistema
de sanciones coercitivas para quienes se apartaban de las
normas de la corporación. Entre las sanciones que se aplicaban en las misiones jesuitas a los violadores de las reglas
estaban la flagelación pública y el cepo. Estas sanciones
estaban destinadas a mantener el orden establecido y evitar
las desviaciones hacia conductas no permitidas.
Los pueblos de misión fueron un régimen corporativo
en el que los intereses indígenas eran intermediados por
los misioneros, quienes interactuaban y se coordinaban
con otros grupos y autoridades. El sistema corporativo de
las misiones imprimió un sólido espíritu comunitario a los
pueblos indígenas por medio de la propiedad comunal.
El régimen pluralista del siglo XIX
A partir de la difusión de las ideas liberales de la Revolución francesa, iniciada en 1789, y particularmente a partir
de la promulgación de la Constitución Española promulgada
por las cortes de Cádiz en 1812, se comenzó a promover en
los dominios españoles el establecimiento de un régimen
de intermediación de intereses de corte pluralista. Este
régimen estaba basado en la participación ciudadana de los
notables, que eran quienes tenían acceso a la representación
y a ocupar puestos en el gobierno.
En este régimen político el sujeto político central es el
individuo, aunque no todos los individuos sino sólo los
que tenían la categoría de “vecino”, es decir aquel que, de
acuerdo con la tradición ibérica, era “la cabeza de familia
que habitaba su propiedad en algún pueblo, villa o ciudad,
que tenía un modo honesto de vivir y que cumplía con las
cargas concejiles”, o sea que vive en sociedad y convivencia
civilizada. El modo honesto de vivir significaba ser independiente en la obtención de sus ingresos y las cargas concejiles
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205
Nicolás Pineda Pablos
XXX
se refieren a la realización de labores comunitarias para que
el pueblo viviera “en policía”, es decir en orden político y
económico. La categoría de vecino estaba fundada entonces
en la reputación y aceptación social dentro de la comunidad
local. Este era un aspecto muy importante porque dejaba
en manos de las autoridades locales (civiles y eclesiásticas)
definir quien era ciudadano. El concepto de vecino tenía
entonces connotaciones raciales, sociales y económicas
(Medina Bustos, 2002: 114).
Por regla general, esta categoría de vecino correspondía
a los hombres de tez clara de origen europeo, con residencia
en la localidad, que eran jefes de familia y tenían sirvientes
y propiedades. Eran estos vecinos los que podían hacer el
papel de electores de las autoridades, ocupar cargos en los
ayuntamientos y participar en las decisiones de la comunidad.
En los pueblos, villas y ciudades del siglo XIX el número
de vecinos y, por lo tanto, de ciudadanos era bastante
reducido y constituían el estrato más alto en la comunidad
local. Las comunidades estaban claramente estratificadas
en una capa superior de familias criollas (de origen español)
propietarias y un estrato inferior de población indígena
empleada como mano de obra. Los no ciudadanos eran considerados menores de edad política; entre ellos estaban los
sirvientes, los indígenas, los vagos y otros individuos que
no tenían propiedades ni solvencia económica. El lugar de
los indígenas en estos asentamientos era invariablemente
el de trabajador asalariado de los mineros y los hacendados,
y era sistemáticamente excluido de los círculos de poder y
de los puestos de autoridad (Spicer, 1981: 287).
Además del carácter individual del sujeto político, otro eje
fundamental del régimen pluralista es la propiedad privada.
Mientras que las misiones jesuitas estaban basadas en una
propiedad comunal, el régimen de las élites criollas (o de
notables) del siglo XIX se fundó sobre la propiedad privada.
206
Entre el neocorporatismo y el neoliberalismo
De hecho, la evolución y desarrollo histórico del pluralismo
político se caracteriza por el avance constante de la propiedad privada sobre la antigua propiedad comunal de los
pueblos (Jerónimo, 1995). Este proceso se incrementa con el
triunfo, a nivel nacional, de los liberales y la promulgación
de la Constitución Federal de 1857 y las posteriores leyes de
Reforma. Posteriormente, Porfirio Díaz promoverá el deslinde de terrenos supuestamente baldíos bajo cuyo auspicio
se deslindarán las tierras de muchos grupos indígenas.
Paulatinamente, amplios sectores de la población indígena se integran a la nueva sociedad española-mexicana
abandonando sus lenguas, viviendo en las poblaciones
dominadas por las nuevas élites y adoptando sus modos y
costumbres
En esta sociedad decimonónica, las élites criollas compiten por el control del poder. Las instituciones de gobierno
son accesibles sólo para los criollos de este grupo y trabajan
básicamente en función de los intereses de estas élites familiares. Los ayuntamientos, los jefes políticos y las legislaturas están constituidos por estos grupos de notables.
La mayoría de la población, sin embargo, conoce poco de
los asuntos políticos del Estado y sólo sabe de los asuntos
locales relacionados con las familias prominentes. Se relaciona con los notables a través del empleo o, eventualmente,
de las levas. El mundo de las mujeres se constriñe generalmente al espacio doméstico.
El ciudadano del régimen pluralista decimonónico es,
entonces, el criollo asentado en las haciendas o en los centros
urbanos de poder, propietario de tierras, ocasionalmente con
negocios en la minería, que da empleo a diversas familias
mestizas de la localidad. Interactúa de manera autónoma
y voluntaria con otras familias de la localidad y de otros
centros de poder. El gobierno es controlado y accesible sólo
para estas élites familiares y se excluye a quienes no tienen
la categoría de vecino y propietario individual. Desde el
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Nicolás Pineda Pablos
XXX
punto de vista de la cultura política, el resto de la población
tiene básicamente la categoría de súbdito.
El régimen corporativo posrevolucionario del siglo XX
El movimiento social conocido como la Revolución mexicana (1910-1929) nació como una demanda de ampliación
del régimen liberal que buscaba una mayor participación
política y la extensión de la base ciudadana con el lema,
planteado por Francisco I. Madero, de “Sufragio efectivo y
no reelección”. Sin embargo, la Revolución mexicana pronto
involucró también demandas de tipo corporativo como el
acceso a la propiedad comunal agraria y fueros por parte de
los grupos mestizos e indígenas como el de Emiliano Zapata
y otros grupos populares.
La Revolución mexicana integró, por un lado, demandas
liberales de ampliación de derechos individuales y libertades políticas de la incipiente clase media, que eran continuación del liberalismo del siglo XIX, y, por otro lado, pronto
recogió también viejos reclamos de derechos colectivos y
propiedad comunal subyacentes desde la época colonial.
Estas dos corrientes de demandas no eran compatibles ya
que mientras unos enfatizaban el individualismo (derechos
y garantías individuales), los otros buscaban la representación corporativa de sus intereses y el retorno a los valores
comunitarios. El régimen político revolucionario intentará
amalgamar y sintetizar ambas demandas.
En el renglón de lo político, de acuerdo con la definición
de Cosío Villegas (1972), el régimen político mexicano de
mediados del siglo XX tenía dos pilares fundamentales: el
presidente y el partido hegemónico u oficial. Sobre estos
dos elementos recaerá la síntesis corporativo-liberal de
la representación de intereses planteada por el régimen
revolucionario mexicano.
El presidente se convirtió en el gran árbitro de los intereses casi siempre contradictorios de los diferentes grupos
208
Entre el neocorporatismo y el neoliberalismo
sociales. A él le tocaba definir a quién se aceptaba en el
círculo de poder y a quién se excluía; igualmente sobre él
recayó decidir a quién se le daba y a quién se le negaba. Por
ello, el sistema político se centralizó y el presidente acumuló
un poder político casi absoluto y en torno suyo giraban,
formal o informalmente, el resto de los factores de poder
del sistema político. Baste señalar que entre los poderes del
presidente estaban los de designar a su sucesor y de poner
y quitar gobernadores. Por ello, el presidente fue definido
por Cosío Villegas como un “monarca sexenal absoluto y
hereditario”. Desde el punto de vista de la centralización
y del poder absoluto presidencial, el régimen heredado por
la Revolución mexicana significó no una ampliación de
los derechos ciudadanos y de la negociación de intereses
que pudiera haberse dado a través del Congreso, sino un
regreso a antiguos esquemas monárquicos absolutistas.
La mediación de intereses se ubicó en una persona, no en
una institución.
Por otra parte, el partido oficial, que no era tanto un
partido político de la sociedad civil sino una dependencia
del presidente para asuntos políticos, tenía de facto el
monopolio de los cargos de elección y constituía el único
espacio donde se permitía hacer política. Realmente, el
partido oficial era una gran corporación que monopolizó la
participación política y el acceso a los niveles de gobierno.
Para la representación política y la mediación de intereses
de grupos estratégicos de la estructura social, el régimen
revolucionario creó los “sectores” políticos que inicialmente
fueron el militar, el campesino y el obrero, y de los cuales
posteriormente se suprimió el militar para introducir
el “popular”. De este modo, durante el tiempo de mayor
vigencia del régimen revolucionario, los sectores del partido
eran el campesino, que agrupaba principalmente a ejidatarios que no eran sino los nuevos propietarios de tierras
comunales reguladas por el gobierno; el sector obrero, que
Estado
No. 31
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Nicolás Pineda Pablos
XXX
agrupaba a trabajadores organizados en sindicatos únicos
de afiliación obligatoria que con mucha frecuencia tenían
liderazgos vitalicios y poca o nula vida organizacional
interna; y el tercer sector era el de las clases populares,
que era un eufemismo para agrupar al resto de la población
“suelta” y que incluía principalmente a los burócratas, los
maestros, los gremios profesionales y, curiosamente, a los
terratenientes privados (llamados también eufemísticamente “pequeños propietarios”).
Cada uno de estos sectores corporativos agrupaba de
manera coactiva y con adoctrinamiento de intereses a diversos grupos sociales. Sólo a través de ellos se podía acceder
a las esferas del poder e influir en la toma de decisiones.
Eran corporaciones monopólicas con dominios diferenciados
para campesinos, obreros y clases medias. La coordinación
jerárquica se daba a través de los líderes y de las centrales
de cada sector, que eran principalmente la Confederación
Nacional Campesina (CNC) para los ejidatarios y trabajadores del campo, la Confederación de Trabajadores Mexicanos
(CTM) para los obreros agrupados en sindicatos y la Confederación Nacional de Organizaciones Populares (CNOP)
para las clases medias urbanas y educadas. El llamado
sector popular era el sector menos corporativo y más individualizado del PRI, que resultó a la postre el más activo
y que ocupaba más puestos públicos. Cada uno de estos
sectores contribuía, casi siempre de manera obligatoria,
al sostenimiento del régimen. Todos lo hacían votando de
manera corporativa y procurando que otros elementos de
la sociedad hicieran lo mismo. El sufragio individual era
interpretado de manera corporativa ya que se consideraba
que cada miembro de ejido, sindicato o gremio estaba obligado ipso facto a otorgarle su voto al partido hegemónico
y su apoyo agradecido al presidente en turno. Además, los
campesinos, obreros, maestros y burócratas aportaban de
manera obligatoria sus cuotas o una parte de su ingreso
210
Entre el neocorporatismo y el neoliberalismo
que en conjunto financiaban generosamente al partido y
al régimen político.
A través de esta jerarquía corporativa, en los momentos
de mayor vigencia, el partido “revolucionario e institucional” aspiró a incluir a todos los sectores sociales en su seno.
Quienes buscaban participar en política o influir en sus
decisiones desde fuera de esta estructura corporativa eran
sistemáticamente marginados y excluidos. La oposición y
disidencia abierta que no era canalizada a través del partido oficial era hostigada, corrompida, cooptada y, en casos
extremos, exiliada o eliminada.
De este modo, la manera como el régimen revolucionario
buscó ampliar el círculo de inclusión y participación política
fue por medio de un nuevo corporativismo que buscaba
incluir en el espacio público a grupos sociales que anteriormente habían estado excluidos. A la larga, sin embargo,
tanto el arbitraje personalizado del presidente como los
modos coactivos de los sectores del partido oficial no sólo
chocaban con los preceptos liberales de raíz decimonónica de
la Constitución Política, sino principalmente con la cultura
política individualista y de libertades cívicas cada vez más
difundidas entre la población urbana y educada. Por ello,
desde 1968, pero más intensamente desde 1988, el régimen
corporativo resultó cada vez menos efectivo e hizo crisis
comenzando a perder primero las elecciones municipales,
luego a partir de 1989 las elecciones estatales y en el año
2000 el partido oficial perdió la elección presidencial.
¿Hacia un nuevo corporatismo?
Desde los años ochenta el régimen político mexicano
había venido incorporando cada vez más elementos de tipo
(neo)liberal, que consistían principalmente en la ampliación
de los mecanismos del mercado y la libre competencia. Estos
cambios fueron impulsando, a su vez, mayor apertura y
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Nicolás Pineda Pablos
XXX
competencia en el espacio político. La derrota del partido
oficial en el año 2000 marca un cambio de rumbo en el
régimen político mexicano. Hizo crisis y se agotó el régimen corporativo del Partido Revolucionario Institucional
mientras que, al mismo tiempo, recupera espacios y avanza
la mediación de intereses de tipo pluralista, basada en la
competencia entre multiplicidad de actores, la propiedad
privada y el mercado.
Han surgido nuevas instancias de mediación y concertación de intereses. A nivel local y urbano, hay una tendencia
a fortalecer las instancias municipales y a canalizar la competencia entre grupos e intereses de la localidad a través
de las autoridades y las elecciones municipales. Sobre todo
en las ciudades medianas y grandes, los asuntos e intereses locales se dirimen por medio de la competencia por los
puestos municipales. Todo parece indicar que la nueva ruta
de desarrollo político se ubica en un nuevo pluralismo que
se manifiesta en la diversidad de partidos y la competencia
electoral. Por otra parte, para muchas causas y demandas
públicas se han creado organismos no gubernamentales y
otras asociaciones civiles que buscan colocar sus demandas
en la agenda pública e influir en la ejecución de las políticas
resultantes. La sociedad civil se ha fortalecido y no todos los
asuntos públicos pasan por la acción del Estado. Ahora las
asociaciones civiles tienen una nueva vida y una relevancia
de la que carecían anteriormente.
Sin embargo, junto a las formas pluralistas aún subsisten viejas demandas corporativas, principalmente en los
reclamos de autonomía de los grupos indígenas y grupos
campesinos. Existe el temor de que estos grupos no estén
preparados ni dispuestos para la competencia en el mercado
y que el abandono definitivo de la propiedad comunal signifique no sólo su proletarización y mayor empobrecimiento
sino principalmente la pérdida de la riqueza de su identidad
y tradición como una comunidad. Se trata de un reclamo al
212
Entre el neocorporatismo y el neoliberalismo
régimen político mexicano que no puede ser resuelto satisfactoriamente por medio del sistema pluralista, competitivo
y de corte neoliberal.
Además, subsisten muchos vestigios corporativos dentro
de los sectores obrero, magisterial, burócrata y sobre todo
de grupos marginados que demandan un trato diferenciado;
se niegan a contribuir de manera voluntaria al régimen
y buscan proteger su patrimonio haciendo inamovibles e
inembargables (bienes de manos muertas) sus propiedades, excluyéndose del mercado en un aparente retorno de
la desamortización emprendida por la Reforma liberal del
siglo XIX. Puede interpretarse que los sectores de población
que plantean estas demandas asumen actitudes de menores
de edad en la competencia política y reclaman ciudadanías
corporativas
Asimismo, entre los problemas del nuevo régimen pluralista está una gran proporción de pobres tanto urbanos
como rurales que aparentemente no están listos para las
libertades políticas y la cultura cívica. Se habla en México
de que 40% de la población vive en el nivel de pobreza; lo
cual significa que en términos prácticos están excluidos de
la participación en el espacio público, es decir de la intermediación y representación de sus intereses, así como carecen
de influencia y control en la ejecución de las políticas. Esta
población no posee la educación necesaria para el ejercicio de
su ciudadanía de manera individualizada. Hay la impresión
de que, a fin de superar esta situación, se requieren nuevos
modos de intermediación de los intereses de estos sectores
y canales de participación que favorezcan la inclusión de
estos grupos en la esfera pública.
Entre las opciones del nuevo régimen político en ciernes
no está el volver al individualismo de los notables y de las
élites familiares. Ese círculo reducido de poder hace mucho
que fue superado y lo único que propiciaría sería un exacerbamiento de los problemas actuales de marginación y
Estado
No. 31
213
Nicolás Pineda Pablos
XXX
pobreza. Tampoco es cosa de tratar de retornar al esquema
corporativo surgido de la Revolución mexicana, por sus
características de coacción y restricción de las libertades y
de la participación ciudadana.
La ampliación del círculo de participación política y la
superación de muchas desigualdades actuales pudiera ser
impulsada a través de la promoción de asociaciones civiles
de nuevo cuño. Schmitter llama a este arreglo institucional “nuevo corporatismo” y lo define como el impulso a las
actividades de asociaciones permanentemente organizadas
y especializadas que buscan promover o defender intereses
a través de la influencia o la oposición a decisiones colectivas. Esta intermediación se realiza entre sus miembros
y diversos interlocutores (principalmente las autoridades), sin presentar candidatos para aprobación electoral
o aceptar responsabilidad directa en la formación de los
gobierno (Schmitter, 1992: 224). No se trata, por lo tanto,
ni de partidos o coaliciones, ni de unidades de producción
(firmas, empresas, corporaciones), ni unidades de consumo
(individuos, familias, cooperativas), ni unidades de estatus
o afecto (cuerpos, colegios, círculos), tampoco unidades de
autoridad pública (agencias de Estado, ministerios, parlamentos, gobiernos locales). Schmitter llama “corporatismo”
a este impulso al asociacionismo civil para distinguirlo
del viejo corporativismo vertical y monopólico. Se trata
de cambiar el viejo corporativismo dirigido desde arriba,
a veces de manera coactiva y sin adhesión voluntaria, por
un nuevo corporativismo o asociacionismo, pero esta vez
fundado sobre la voluntad de sus miembros y sostenido por
sus contribuciones y trabajo voluntario. Este corporatismo,
al decir de Schmitter, se basa en la libertad de asociación
como la libertad cívica básica; promueve la libre asociación
de los individuos para avanzar en la satisfacción de sus
intereses, impulsar sus demandas e influir en la ejecución de
las políticas. A través de asociaciones concurren al espacio
214
Entre el neocorporatismo y el neoliberalismo
político y compiten por lograr influir en las decisiones y en
su ejecución.
La base de este corporatismo es la sociabilidad, es decir
“la propensión de los grupos de personas dentro de un
sistema político más grande a reunirse de alguna manera
más o menos formalizada para perseguir a través de la
acción colectiva el logro de intereses que creen que tienen
en común” (Schmitter, 1992: 232).
Esta propuesta coincide con la que demanda el “empoderamiento” de los grupos marginados como una vía alternativa de desarrollo centrado en la gente. De acuerdo con este
enfoque, la pobreza es resultado no sólo de una distribución
inequitativa del ingreso, sino principalmente una distribución desigual del poder y de los derechos ciudadanos. Para
superar la brecha de la pobreza es necesario dar poder (es
decir “empoderar”) a los grupos marginados y desposeídos.
Esto se logra básicamente por medio de la asociación y
organización de estos grupos. De acuerdo al enfoque de
Friedmann (1992) estas asociaciones extraen poder social
de ocho bases de poder con que cuentan las unidades familiares marginadas al organizarse y cooperar entre ellas.
Estas bases son: un espacio vital defendible (vivienda y
terreno propio), tiempo libre, habilidades y conocimiento,
información apropiada, organización social, redes y vinculación social, instrumentos de trabajo y bienestar y recursos pecuniarios. El acceso relativo a estas bases de poder
social es la medida del grado en que las unidades familiares
controlan los recursos necesarios para su autodesarrollo.
La lucha de las unidades familiares para lograr acceso
a las bases sociales de poder es en parte autogestionaria
y en parte una lucha colectiva para demandar al Estado
asistencia técnica y financiera. (Friedmann, 1992: 69-70).
Este esfuerzo de empoderamiento es potenciado con la participación de otras asociaciones civiles y organizaciones no
gubernamentales, tanto nacionales como extranjeras, que
Estado
No. 31
215
Nicolás Pineda Pablos
XXX
juegan el papel de facilitadores en el impulso a una forma
alternativa de desarrollo.
En resumen, a principios del siglo XXI México enfrenta
el reto de la construcción de un nuevo régimen de intermediación de intereses y participación social. Como parte del
proceso de democratización, este nuevo arreglo institucional
deberá incluir a un mayor número de grupos sociales y a
un círculo más amplio de población que resulte elevada al
nivel de participación activa y de ciudadanía. Puesto que
las formas hegemónicas de intermediación de tipo pluralista resultan inadecuadas para sectores importantes de
la población y, según se ha visto, más bien aumentan la
exclusión de grupos marginados en lugar de ampliar el
círculo de participación, se requieren formas alternativas
de desarrollo político diferentes a la intermediación pluralista de intereses. Esta nueva etapa de desarrollo político
se puede lograr por medio del impulso a la organización
de abajo hacia arriba, de manera voluntaria, de los grupos
marginados y en pobreza. Esta tesis coincide con lo que
Philippe Schmitter llama el nuevo corporatismo y permite
el empoderamiento o crecimiento político de los grupos
marginados a través de la creación y construcción de nuevas
bases sociales de poder.
Bibliografía
216
Almond, Gabriel y Sydney Verba, Cultura cívica. Estudio
sobre la participación política democrática en cinco
naciones, Madrid, Fundación de Estudios Sociales y
Sociología Aplicada, 1970.
——, The Civic Culture Revisited, Little Brown, 1980.
Arrow, Kenneth J., Social Choice and Individual Values,
Nueva York, John Wiley, 1963.
Bobbio, Norberto, Estado, gobierno y sociedad: Por una
teoría general de la política, México, Fondo de Cultura
Económica (col. Breviarios, núm. 487), 1996 [1985].
Entre el neocorporatismo y el neoliberalismo
Cansino, César, La transición mexicana 1977-2000, México,
df, Centro de Estudios de Política Comparada, 2000.
Cosío Villegas, Daniel, El sistema político mexicano, México,
Joaquín Mortiz, 1972.
Deutsch, Karl W., Política y gobierno, México, Fondo de
Cultura Económica, 1976 [1970].
Easton, David, A Systems Analysis of Political Life, Nueva
York, John Wiley, 1965.
Friedmann, John, Empowerment: The Politics of Alternative
Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Blackwell,
1992.
Habermas, Jürgen, “The Public Sphere: An Enciclopedia
Article”, en Stephen Eric Bronner & Douglas MacKay
Kellner (eds.), Critical Theory and Society: A Reader,
Nueva York, Routledge, 1989, pp. 136-147.
Jerónimo Romero, Saúl, De las misiones a los ranchos y
haciendas. La privatización de la tenencia de la tierra
en Sonora 1740-1860, Hermosillo, Sonora, Gobierno
del Estado de Sonora, 1995.
Medina Bustos, José Marcos, “Vecinos, indios, vagos y sirvientes: avatares de la ciudadanía en Sonora durante la
primera mitad del siglo xix”, en Región y sociedad, vol.
14, núm. 25, septiembre-diciembre, 2002, pp. 109-152.
Nava Oteo, Guadalupe, Cabildos y ayuntamientos de la
Nueva España en 1808, México, Secretaría de Educación
Pública (col. Sepsetentas, núm. 78).
O’Donnell, G. y P. Schmitter, “Tentative Conclusions about
Uncertain Democracies”, en G. O’Donnell, P. Schmitter
y L. Whitehead (eds.), Transition from Authoritarian
Rule, 1986, vol. 4.
Schmitter, Philippe C., “Teoría democrática y práctica
neocorporatista”, en Ocampo Alcanzar, Rigoberto,
Teoría del neocorporatismo. Ensayos de Philippe C.
Schmitter, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Universidad de Guadalajara, 1992, pp. 213-254.
Estado
No. 31
Bibliografía
217
Nicolás Pineda Pablos
Bibliografía
218
XXX
Spicer, Edward H., Cycles of Conquest. The impact of
Spain, Mexico, and the United States on the Indians of
the Southwest, 1533-1960, Tucson, The University of
Arizona Press, 1981.
Weber, Max, Economía y sociedad, México, Fondo de
Cultura Económica, 1983 [1922].
| 37,889 |
https://github.com/dwtcourses/bluebird/blob/master/src/App/index.tsx
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
bluebird
|
dwtcourses
|
TSX
|
Code
| 209 | 890 |
import React from "react";
import styles from "./index.module.css";
import {TweetDashboard} from "../TweetDashboard";
const App = () => (
<>
<header className={styles.header}>
<h1 className={styles.bluebird}>bluebird</h1>
<div className={styles.desc}>
<p>350,000 tweets are sent on Twitter every minute. </p>
<p>
Just imagine that: 350,000 unique thoughts from different people
around the world.
</p>
<p>
<span className={styles.bluebird}>bluebird</span> aims to offer a
glimpse into the sheer size of Twitter as a social network. Every
bubble you see below represents a tweet that has just been posted in
the last few seconds. Its colour signifies its sentiment from the
colour range of blue to yellow (calculated based on
<a
target="_blank"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
href="http://comp.social.gatech.edu/papers/icwsm14.vader.hutto.pdf"
>
VADER
</a>
) while its size corresponds to the length of the tweet. The
average sentiment of all processed tweets during your current session
is also calculated.
</p>
<p>
Play around with this real-time, constant stream of tweets and its
corresponding metrics!
</p>
</div>
</header>
<svg
className={styles["header-wave"]}
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 1440 105"
>
<path
fillOpacity="1"
d="M0,64L80,58.7C160,53,320,43,480,48C640,53,800,75,960,69.3C1120,64,1280,32,1360,16L1440,0L1440,0L1360,0C1280,0,1120,0,960,0C800,0,640,0,480,0C320,0,160,0,80,0L0,0Z"
></path>
</svg>
<TweetDashboard />
{/* <svg
className={styles["footer-wave"]}
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 1440 210"
>
<path
fillOpacity="1"
d="M0,124L80,140C160,156,320,188,480,188C640,188,800,156,960,134.7C1120,113,1280,103,1360,97.3L1440,92L1440,220L1360,220C1280,220,1120,220,960,220C800,220,640,220,480,220C320,220,160,220,80,220L0,220Z"
></path>
</svg> */}
<footer className={styles.footer}>
© 2020 —
<a href="https://isaacong.me" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
Isaac Ong
</a>
|
<a
href="https://github.com/iojw/bluebird"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
>
Source Repository
</a>
</footer>
</>
);
export default App;
| 5,622 |
hymnsforhouseho00hymngoog_1
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English-PD
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,867 |
Hymns for the household of faith : and lays of the better land
|
Williamson, J., Mrs
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,236 | 9,871 |
+ Maintain attributionTht GoogXt "watermark" you see on each file is essential for in forming people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liabili^ can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at|http: //books .google .com/I Igntns FOR £:bc |)0ustlj0l& 0f jfiittb, AXD l^aDS of tbc ^etttr l^anir. fags of i\t ^ttt<r 3ml "TruaKBain.ia Aim the Voioc of Melodt "Tbwob N«w iiro Old." >^ >-' Skow/ Edition, araiideralily tnlargeil \ji^f^ LONDON t VILLIAM MACINTOSH, 2*, FiTiMOBTBB Bow, E.C. 18C7. z^/./- '7- w TO MY BELOVED AND VALUED FRIEND, AND SISTER IN CHRIST, THE . AUTHOR OF THE " SCHONBERG-COTTA FAMILY," <t WHOSE VOICE OF CHRISTIAN LIFE IN SONG," AND STORY, ARE SO MUCH PRIZED DV THE ** HOUSEHOLD OF FAITH," THIS NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION OF HYMNS FOR ITS MEMBERS IS INSCRIBED, IN AFFECTIONATE REMEMBRANCE OF THE HAPPY DAYS OF PLEASANT CONVERSE ENJOYED WITH HER, AND HER FAMILY, AND IN GRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF HER LOVING SYMPATHY WITH THE DESTITUTE ORPHANS, FOR WHOSE BENEFIT THE PROFITS OF THIS VOLUME ARE DEVOTED. J. W. PREFACE. In this new and enlarged Edition of '' Hymns for the Household of Faith^^' while a few of those most known have been omitted^ a considerable quantity of new matter has been added ; amongst which are various Hymns and Poems which have not before appeared in print ; several contributions from the pen of the author of the '' Schonberg-Ooita Family/* with those of other kind friends^ have helped to enrich the Volume, which is not intended to be merely a collection of Hymns and Poems ^' new and old^^^ put together without order^ but arranged so as to illustrate the great principles and truths of the Gospel, and to apply them to the ooter and innor life of the Believer, as a means of exciting to more sympathy each for his brother in their One Head — to a deeper trust in Him, who reveals Himself to mourners b9 " a God of Consolation " — and to a more hopeful and rejoicing spirit in the Christian pilgrim, while passing through the " light afflic- tions" of this changefnl world to the Eternal Joys which await him in the true Home. The book is PBEFACE. IX tJicse who feel the ohligation of the Master' 8 command — " Feed My Lambs/' To the members of the '' Household of Faith " no more urgent claim can be put forth l^an the cries of the fatherless^ who may truly say^ ^^ Refuge failed me, no man cared for my soul/' " How many a soul the price of blood, Marked by the Almighty's Hand for good,*' is now left to perish in misery and ignorance, and that — not in far-off heathen lands : but, in our midst — ^not those only who have " chosen the way of trans- gressors,'' and ^^ refused the Voice of Instruction"; but thousands who have never been shewn the way of life, or told of that Saviour's love, who '^ toole the little ones in His arms and blessed them.'' To leave such to find their way into Reformatories, Guardian- Asylums, or Gaols, a prey to the Spoiler, is truly not befitting the followers of Him, who has declared that " it is not the will of our Father that one of these little ones should perish," — and this surely is enough X PREFACE. for the Lord's people not to pass such by imlieeded. To take lower ground. — ^It might be shewn, in an economical poiiffc of view, how much less expensive prevention is than cure, and how heavy a cost might have been spared to the communiiy, as well as life- long misery and suffering to the poor wanderer, if a timely hand of help had been held out before con- science was seared and character lost. It is found, by experience, that comparatively very few are ever reclaimed, who have got so far on the downward road as to have become inmates of penitentiaries or gaols; and it can also be shewn, that bringing up destitute children in fa/mUy-growps, instead of larger numbers, besides giving them the advantage of Christian and home-influences, is less costly them amy other plcm, even including '' the Union" The labour being one of love, there is scarcely anything to deduct for paid agency, which, together with expensive buildings, swallows up so much of the fimdB in large pubUc institutions. PBSFACB. XI The first of these little " Homes/' to which atten- tion is now invited^ as illustrating a principle^ was opened seven years ago^ at Headingley^ near Leeds^ (where it is still carried on^ though the original Managers have removed to Bath^ where they have at this time the privilege of superintend-. ing three such " Homes.'') It was opened in faith that the promises of ^'the God of the fatherless'' would be fulfilled^ and help sent to those who had the care of His children. Seven Orphan Homes^ sprung from that humble effort^ have attested His faith- fuhiess. Loving help has come from aU parts to support the Orphans^ who have also come from all parts. The ^^ Homes " mighty and would be multi- plied to meet the urgent need for such^ if more labourers could be found to enter this field of great promise and reward. Perhaps this Appeal in behalf of the fatherless cannot be better concluded^ and a plan by which they might be succoured^ described^ than by giving part of a letter written to the Editor^ ZU PBSFACE. >} by the Author of the ^^ Schonberg^Cotta Family, who, in the midst of the nnceasing demands which her own great work bring upon her, has stepped aside to shew sympathy for them : — My dear Mrs. W., Our visits to you at Headingley, and at Bath, left the happiest and most encouraging recollections. There is something in the gathering of the forsaken homeless little ones around a Christian home, near enough to share the warmth of love at the heart of it, — and in numbers not too large for every child to be personally known and understood ; that seems to me just the type of what works of Christian charity should be. A real natural household of God^s appointing, the centre ; and linked to it this house- hold of desolate, destitute little children, who, but for such care, would never have known what home was, bound to the members of the family as a kind of Ood'Sisters in the love of Him, who took the little ones in His arms, — and in whom is the new eternal PREFACE. Xlll sonrce of relationsliip to each other. We must be glad of every eflTort to rescue little cliildren fipom being trained in that terribly efficient school of evil, which never wants recruitiug agents or teachers — even down to the mere cold sweeping in of homeless Httle ones from starvation and the streets^ to bo marred together by hundreds within the walls of a metropolitan workhouse ; and I am sure you would render all honour to the noble liberality, which endeavours, to meet the aU but unbounded misery of our large cities, by collecting thousands of orphans into princely asylums. But those who have sacri- ficed most in such eflTorts, would no doubt be the first to confess how imperfect (though most terribly necessary) such enormous institutions must be as training places for children, meant in the original plan of Providence to grow up in little family groups, largo enough to train and discipline each other by fhe contact of various characters, yet not too large to be understood and watched over, cherished and Xiy PBEFACE. cliastened^ by one or two in the place of parents at the head. The multiplying of such small " Orphan Homes'' seems to me^ if practicable^ better in every way than the magnifying of a few great Orphan Institutions. Besides the influence on character, I should think the preparation for domestic service in ordinary middle-class households^ likely to be far more effectual in such ''Homes,*' with ordinary arrangements for washing, cooking, and housework, than in gigantic mansions where the kitchens and laundries are triumphs of machinery, and the house- work must lack the little homely details, attention to which, makes or mars the comforts of our homes. With regard to the reaction of blessing on the Family which links to itself such an Orphan Home, it seems to me nearly the best thing in the whole scheme. How discontent might be checked by the thought of the little ones at hand so differently placed, and indolence, by the constant opportunities PBEFACS. of rendering little services, — ^how superfluous time, and property, and acquirements would all find fresh liappy uses, — and how, above all, works of the mere routine of '* charity '' might be warmed into hearty services of personal care and love I These are results, almost as cheering to think of as the rescue of the little homeless ones themselves from the depths, on the slippery brink of which they were taken up into the arms of Christ-like pity, and folded in the *' Orphan Home/' » *j(:* Any who feel interested in the '' little ones, and desire to hear more about tliem, can have full information respecting these '* Orplian Homes," either by addressing a letter to Mrs. Williamson, Widcombe Hill, Bath, or by personal enquiry. INDEX OP SUBJECTS. TRUTH 1 Before Thy mystic altar - - - Sir W. Jones - 1 DifBcnlties of Milton • - 2 BiTinity of E.B. Brxntming 2 lines on- - -- 3 Strive for - Hinds - - 7 FAITH 8 "Belicre and live** 9 Blessedness of those who believe and have not seen - - 10 Hope still a Week 14 Exhortation to Faith .... Chaxtdler - - 15 Increase onr Faith .... Hinds . - 16 ElBScacy of Faith .... Ihid - - 16 " Faith worketh by Love " - - - J. D. Bums - 18 The Bight mnst win - - - Faber - - 19 **My cup runneth over.** ... - - - 22 LOVE 24 "Tell me, my wishing soul** - - Qtiarles - - 24 "Say, hast thou ever yet** - From the German ofLavaier 24 "How little and how lightly** . 25 Love keeping vratch .... Hinds - - 26 Love springing from Forgiveness Sion Filin - - - Translated hy C. Neale 81 "This IB not your pest" - - - Lord Glenelg - 82 Who is my Neighbour? S4 A Contaast XR Lowell - 36 Stores of Love A, A, Proctor - 87 The Unnamed Women - Author of '' Schifnberff-Cotta Family'* - - - 38 The Service of the Lord 39 The ChristiAn Warrior - - - Chandler - 41 The Kingdom of God man - Blanchard - 44 ''The Lord is my portion" ... A, L, Waring - 45 '* Come and rejoice with me " - Author of '' Schdnberg- Cotta Family** - 49 )BGIVEN£SS 61 " Thy sins are forgiven thee " - Author of " Schdnberg- Cotta Family** - 62 Forgiven A. A. Proctor - 53 « And the Lord set a mark upon Cain " • Hinds - - 54 BlUST 56 The Sonl committing itself to Qod - Neumarck - 56 '< He shall direct thy paths" . . Lord Glenelg " - Lange - - 60 The Well at Sychar - - - Author of SchSnberg- Cotta Family** . 64 Wait on the Lord - - - -J, Crewdson - 65 **My times are in Thy hand" • - A. L. Warinp ' 66 " My strength and my heart faileth" . Ibid . . 68 Life's Answer - --69 lAYEB 71 Description of Prayer ... - Montgomery - 71 Key of Morning and Lock of Night . Ibid - - 72 "Pray without ceasing" ... Hemam - - 78 IKD£Z OF SUBJECTS. XIX PAOB "* Why BtuideBtThoa afar off ?" - - J. Crewdson - 74 Ignorance in Prayer .... Shakspeare - 75 Sonnet on Prayer - - - • R, C, Trench - 75 «« Their strength is to sit stfll* - . J, B, Monseil - 76 The Biercy-seat 77 *« Ask and it shall be given yon ** - - E. Stowell - 78 Asking amiss ..... Hinds - - 79 Counsel to a Soldier .... Pritchard . 80 Praise and Praya - Hymm from the Land of Luther 81 The Blessed Best .... Ibid - . 83 The Infant's Prayer 84 "Watch and pray" .... a EUiot - - 86 "The Son of Man" .... LaTrobe- - 87 A Child's Prayer .... AnnaShiptOH - 88 James and John ..... Lyra Apostolica 89 CHMST OUB ALL 90 Christ Precious --..- - -.91 I heard the Voice of Jesus say • - H. Bonar - 92 " Now mine eye seeth Thee " - - M. J, Jewshury 93 God in Christ ..... Hinds - - 94 The Condescension of Christ - . - - - 94 Best in Christ - Author of Sch&nberg-Cotta Family" 95 THE CHBISTIAN LIFE 99 " Have ye counted the cost ?" - - Songs of Chivalry 100 The Christian Life .... Thomas Gisbomc 103 Bunning the Bace - 105 Hope and Memoiy - - - - - - J. A, E. - - 114 Fountain of Siloam «... Mc Cheyne - 117 TBIBDLATION 118 Friend Sonow ..... A. A. Proctor - 119 " Hue ad jugum CalvaritB - - DanUTs Hymnology 120 62 IKDEX OF SUBJECTS. X JesoB of Naiareth passeih by" - - Mn, Sigmsmey' The Sympathy of Jesus - - ^ S* WUberforce - The Pflgrim Fathers .... Hinds "How long" - -- ** The Son of Man hath not where to lay His head ** - • - - J.B, Monsdl - Sonnet written in Old Age • - - Michael Angela - Lord, numy times 1 am aweary quite * R. C. Trench - Veiled Angels .... Author of ^SchUnberg- Cotta Family'* " Lord, help me ** " in the Desert - - Anna Shipton - " Be careful for Nothing »• - Li the Field ..... Mrs. Hemans - Baehel weeping for her Children • . Hinds Voice from a Parsonage ... Tierman - At ere^ when o'er the lonely soul - - - - He went, like one that hath been their eyes" M, G. Taylor - The Widow of Nain . - - Author of Sch&nberg- Cotta Family " Not as I will, but as Thou wilt" - H Bonar The Patient Waiting for Christ - - Hinds The Believing Wife .... Ibid Ministzy - From " The Voice of Christian Life in Song" Faithfulness of Gk)d in Affliction - ^ J. B, Monsell - Exaggeration - - - - ' E. B, Brouming Evening Song, after a day of Difficulty* A. L. Waring - 7A0B 122 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. XXI PAOB Christmas Bells J. F. Richardson 171 The Blind Man*8 Hjmn . . . C. Elliot - - 172 What pleases God .... Paul Gerhardt - 174 Security J, B, MotueU - 176 "Pray ye that your %ht " - - Jtf. G. Taylor - 176 The Proud Heart subdued - - - W. Horn - - 178 Pencil-marks in a Book of Devotion From'' Good Words'* 179 Sabbath Hymn in Sickness - - - X>. Wordsworth 180 The Soul committiDg itself to Gk)d - Arma Shipton - 181 CONSOLATION 184 Sonnet on Consolation - - ^ E. B, Browning 185 " It shall be well with the Righteous " - Kent - - 185 Despise not chastenings - - - J. D. Bums - 186 *^ When my father and mother forsake" - - - 187 Ministering Angels - . - - ^. - - 189 Angel Watchers 190 The Sorrow of the World 192 Peace in Jesus ..... . .. 194 Light in Darkness - Bymns from the Land of Luther 195 *<They that sow in tean shall reap in joy" - - Author of Schenberg-Cotta Family** 197 "Thou maintained my lot" - - A. L, Waring - 199 " And there was no more sea ** - -It Hey - - 200 Light at Eventide .... Montgomery - 200 The Old, Old Story 201 CONTENTMENT - - 203 Cheerfulness taught by Besson - - E. B, Browning 204 AQuietMind . . . ' 204 On the Providence of God - - - Baxter - - 206 Murmurs A, A. Proctor - 207 Lead Kindly Light .... Newman - - 209 Murmurs R C. Trench - 210 " Sufficient unto the day " - - - Ibid - - 210 Aspects M. G. Taylor • 211 "Blessed are the poor in spirit" - - IF. W. llow - 212 Lay of Peace in Sickness ... . . - 218 Lay of Pewse De Vere - - 214 XXll INDEX OP SUBJECTS. PAOI Song for the Wilderness ... Mrs. E. Walker 215 - - Bunyan - - 221 PBAISE good to sing Praises ... From the German 225 "The Earth is the Lord's " - - - A. De Vert - 226 Olorioai Salvatoris .... J, M. Neale - 227 Onmis Fidelis Gandeat - - - C. M, Neale - 229 Praise of God's Providence ... Mason - - 230 Hjnm to Christ 232 AUelnia From the Latin - 234 " Bejoicing in Tribnlation " - - Emily Taylor - 235 MOBNING AND EVENING HYMNS . - - - 238 Eailj Rising and Prajer - - - H, Vanghan - 239 Hjnm for Sunday Morning - From Hymns for a Week 240 Evening Song for the Lord's Daj - Montgomery - 242 Sunday Evening - - From Hymns for a Week 244 Evening Hjnm ..... Paul Gerhardt - 245 Evening Hjmn ... Night .... Pastor Josephsen 252 «< He giveth His beloved sleep" - - De Vere - - 258 The Sleep of the Beloved - - . ^. Bonar - 254 Hymn for Midnight - - ' - -De Vert - - 255 A Midnight Hymn .... Ibid - - 257 PRAYING AND WORKING 259 Use Me Bonar - - 260 A Starless Crown 261 The Day Labourer .... Anna Shipton - 262 One by One A, A, Proctor - 265 "Work while it is called to-day" - J.Anderson - 267 Sowing and Beaping .... A, A. Proctor - 268 Strive, Wait, and Pray - - - Ibid . - 269 The Night Cometh 270 INBSX 09 SUBJECTS. • •a XXlll PAOB GIVING 273 flow to give ----- - -- 274 The Cnue that faOeth not - - Author of '' Schdnberg- Cotta Family " - 274 Ghring 276 Who ever loet by Giving? 277 Give A, A. Proem - 277 Sonnet on Giving. -. Mant - - 279 TIKE -- - -- 280 Fizst Daj of Creation - - - //. Bonar - 281 Second „ „. - T. Whitehead - 282 Third „ „ ... Ibid - - 284 Fourth „ M. -. Ibid - - 286 Kfth „ „ -. Ibid ' - 289 Sixth „ „ - - - Ibid - - 290 Seventh „ „ -. Ibid - - 291 "Redeeming the Time" - - - J, D. Bums - 293 ThePreeent ----- A. A. Proctor - 294 Now I— To-day! - -. - calling yet" - - - Gerhard Teraleegen 301 The Little ChOd and the New Tear - • - - 302 The Flight of Time 304 Our One Life 307 SCRIPTURE SCENES 309 Jacob's Bnrial J. D, Burru - 310 Wens of Marah J. Borthwick - 311 The Bnrial of Moees - - - - C. F, Alexander 313 The Child Samnel 317 EUaha Multiplying the Widow's OU - /2. C. Trench - 318 Christ's Baptism .... Chandler - - 319 King Herod's Oath - - - - M. T. Jewthnry 820 The Biirade at the liarriage Feast Author of"^ Schdnberg- Cotta Family " - 322 The Homelesi Wanderer - - - Russel - - 823 xxiy INDEX OF SUBJECTS, Christ's Bfiiacles. ^. - 824 The Child set in the Midst 82( Christ Baising the Widow's son - - Hamilton' • 32£ The WoDuui taken in Adnlteiy - - AnnaShipton - 82S Blind Bartimens 832 Christ Bebnking Peter 834 A Song of the Disciples - - ^ M. G. Taylor - 83fi Jesos at the Well of S jTchar 83£ Martha and Maiy .... Hinds - -- ^^ Oennesaret ..... .. 84C TalithaCnmi - Author of SchOnhei g-CoUa Family"* 841 The Woman that was a Sinner - - Dr.Hute- - Sil Christ in the Pharisee's house - ^ & M. Waring - 84^ The Two Alabaster Boxes. Author of Schdnberg- Cotta Family** - Ui Gethsemane Ihid - - 85S Peter Weeping S. M, Waring - 365 The Two Accnsations - - - Author of ^^ SchBnberg^ Cotta Family** - 856 ** The Disciple whom Jesus loved". - - - 351 Bestoration .... Author of *^ Schonherg- Cotta Family* - 859 The Pharisee and the Publican - - Crashawe - 860 BITES AND OBDINANCES 861 A Church -861 Prayer for Baptism .... MisB Cox - 862 Prajer for Baptism -. - - B. Guut - - 86S Baptism ...... Al/ord - - 864 Confirmation Hjmn .... Hinds - - 864 The Table of the Lord - Author of *' Schonbsrg- Cotta Famibf** - 862 flymn for Ordination - - - - - 869 The Dea4h of a Believer -. • J. D. Bums - 87G Farewell to Earth .... Miss Cox - 879 FoneralHymn. •. Sachst - - 874 INDEX or BUBJICTB. XXV HBTHDAT HYMNS '^ A BnthdAj Hnnn - ^. ,. _ Birthda/. - - 878 A Birthdai'TVUh .... ,. 379 MKBTINO AND PABTINO 880 1 go to Life H.Bonar- ■ 881 The Hestiiig ot FHendi - - - J. A. Elliot - 882 The Meeting PUm .... H. Bonar - 883 VLj Ood t 1 know that I must die - B. Selmolk - S86 Qni» S<7U«bit H. floBor - 887 ^■rtiiig ^,ta ,. 388 The Long Goodnight - Hymt from lit Land of LuOa- 890 Hie Day of Death. R. C. JW»i - 891 "I*nl,if Thoohadrtbaenhere". J. D. Burtu - 898 To a friend departed - ;. /jy. , 394 ** I UQ tha resoicection and the life " • - -. 396 " Eutli to earth, and doit to dnrt ". Milmm ■ 39S ABeqoiein .... J. D. Burm - 398 SowepMtiidly .... Shak^Mm ■ 398 There i« no iock. -. Lmg/dlow - 899 What are the Uring?. - Mimtffomay ■ 809 Tha Little Sleeper .... Tnneh - - WO To my Gathcnd Lily 401 "OnlyaTear" E. B. xxvu PAOB Advent C. Rossetti - 496 The Passion-flowers of Life of ** Schonberg- Cotta Family " - 601 Honour 502 "Trnst in God, and do the Right" - N.McLeod - 604 Hayelock 605 The Pearl - - - - 506 Words 508 Trifles 610 Song of the Redbreast ... Evans - - 612 TheCnckoo Ibid - - 614 The Petrel X D, Bums - 616 A Simile ------ Ixmgfdlow - 618 The Fatal Decision - . . . McCheyne - 619 The Crown - Author of*' Schonberg-Cotta Family'* 620 " With the lowly is wisdom " - ^ A. De Vere - 621 Christ's Triumph after Death - - Giles Fletcher - 522 Vanity of the World . - - - H. Bonar - 624 " Out of the eater came forth meat ** - F. W. Faber - 525 *' Herespecteth not the persons - T. Whytehead - 528 Mont Blanc Revisited - - - .7. Ruskin - 529 Lines on Visiting my Aged Parents - - - - 631 A Sermon from a Child ... . . . 533 Durable Riches - Author of^' Schonberg- Cotta Family** 635 Not walls and towers .... . . - 536 INDEX OP FIRST LINES. FAOI A band of faithful men 861 A Cross stands black against the last pale glow 856 A crowd to Jericho approached 882 A grain of sand npon the sight 510 A king for earthly wisdom prayed 485 A light is breaking forth 12 A little while onr Lord shall come 800 A most impressive change it mnst 471 A pilgrim and a stranger 441 A smile in kindly eyes I see 876 A soldier^s course from battle won 108 Abide with us from mom till eve 288 Abide with me ; fast falls the eventide Ill Again farewell ye hours of day 88 Ah! why, youll ask, should love decay? 482 All are not taken ; All through the wild and starless night 885 Alleluia; best and sweetest ... 284 And shall we pray for our release? 176 Are nature's charms all hidden ? 172 Arise, for the day is passing 295 Art thou so weak ? 0 canst not thou digest 118 Around a table, not a tomb ».• 865 As April's suns and April's showers 877 As oft with worn and weary feet 128 INDEX OF FIRST LINES. As those that watch for the day As jet the darkness and the day At OTening time let there be light At eve when o'er the lonelj sonl At home, and in the body pent .. Away o'er Lake Erie*s lipple PAOC 182 286 200 150 424 531 B. Before thon wendest to the fray ... Before Thy mystic altar Beneath Moriah's rocky side Be not dismayed thou little flock " Beyond this life of hopes and fears " Birds have their qniet nest Blame not a sister By Marsh's bitter fountains By Nebo's lonely mountain C. Child, amidst the flowers at play Christian, seek not yet repose Christ to the young man said Come and rejoice with me Come to the morning prayer Commit thy way to God ... Courage, brother, do not stumble 80 1 117 501 455 126 8S9 311 318 73 86 866 49 72 108 504 D. Daughter of faithful Abraham's race Daughters of Zion, seek your King Do not cheat thy heart, and tell her Do not crouch to-day and worship K Earth is no home of thine '* Earth to earth" ... 877 81 119 294 440 896 1ND£X 0¥ FIBST LINES. y^yJ F. Fair is our Zion's Promised Land 4d4 Far down the ages now 298 Far on jon heath 20 Far out at sea ... 515 Father, for pleasant paths on earth ... 181 Father, I know that all mj life 66 Father, mj waj is dark and wild 124 Fighting the battle of life 145 FargiTenesB maj then jet be mine ... .t 52 For thee, O dear, dear country 436 From a yezations heavy load set free 128 G. Gently I took that which nngently came 163 GiTe ! as the morning 274 Give smiles to them whose hearts are glad 140 God calling yet 301 God of Grace, Thy grace still give 879 God many a spiiitnal Strength 137 Go, traveller, to the pastoral vales 465 Go, and let my grave clothes thy soul in spotless dress 359 He stooped and wrote upon the ground » 329 He giveth His beloved sleep 253 He is gone. Heaven's will is best 505 He strays — how far to Thee alone 165 ZSai INDEX OF FIB8T LIKES. He taught the cheerfulness He went) like one that hath been stnnned **He tamed to her." All eyes beside ... Here in an Inn a stranger dwelt Here may the band that now Honoor is tender human b^e Hope still tho' darkness round thee spread How blessed from the bonds of sin How blest when parted through the day How does death speak ••• • How little and how lightly How much that genius boasts ... •«• How sure it is ... ..• ••• ... How oft we fret for time's delays How Tiews the youth How wearily and drearily How weaiy and how worthless Hushed was the evening hymn Hush, hush, my soul ••• ••• ... ••• ... •«• ••* ..• ... .1. ... ••. • ••« ••• I am content with what I have If grief in heaven I g^ to life •.• ••• ••• ••• I have a son, a darling son I have a treasure which I prize I have been to a land I Jieard the voice of Jesus say I journey forth rejoicing I journey through a desert drear and wild I kiss thy brow ... ... ... ••< I knew a mother whose fair boy , I know not if the dark or bright I met a fair young child I neverheard ... ... I say to thee, do thou repeat I sing to my mate on her mossy nest I dept and F1E8T LIKES. XXXUl rAOB I think we are too ready with complaint 204 I walk in the Eden of God 448 I woiship Thee, sweet Will of (rod 64 In Thee I live, and move, and am 230 In tiie mid silence of the voiceless night 257 In token that thou shalt not fear 364 In heavenly love abiding 69 In IsraeFs " 52 7 Into the sunshine 220 In weakness at Thy feet I lie 68 Is thy cruse of comfort wasting 274 It could not be ; no light from heaven 486 It is a place where poets crowned 476 Tve found the Pearl of greatest price iH J. Jesus, Lord, Thy servants see 362 K. Kind hearts are here 53 L. Last of Creation*s days 290 Lead kindly Light 200 Leave God to order all thy ways 56 Let every faithful heart rejoice 229 ** Let there be light," Jehovah said 281 Let thy gold be cast in the furnace 153 Life is but a weary chafing 211 Little Ella, fairest, dearest 468 Lord, a happy child of Thine 170 Lord, many times I am aweary quite 126 Lord of the lords of all the earth 226 Lord, shall thy children come 364 XXXIV INDEX OF FIRST LINES. Lord, we know that Thou art near ns ... Lose one day loitering Love is the source of breath and life Love is the true economist M. Majestic dwelling-place of truth and love Make use of me, mj €k)d I Mark that long line of shadows Millions within Thy courts have met Mortal that standest on the point of time Mother ! said little Isabel Mj Father and my God My Father is the mighty Lord My God ! I know that I must die My God, I thank Thee My God, it is not fretfulness My heart is resting, 0 my God My Lord hath taught me how to want ... My lovely little Lily My poor heart clung to earth My soul, thy gold is true My task is o'er, my work is done N. Nay, *tis not as we fancied No mother's eye beside thee wakes to-night Not walls and towers could g^uard so well Now all the woods are lulled to rest Now darkness over all is spread Now Jacob rests where all his kindred are Now one day's journey less divides Now stately womanhood has set 0. 0 faint and feeble-hearted 0 God of truth ••• ... «.• 0 happy home ; where thou art loved ... ••• PAOB 74 292 25 849 453 260 499 242 161 533 168 60 385 87 125 45 206 401 94 118 43 524 400 536 245 252 310 248 378 14 3 425 INDEX OF FIB8T LINES. XXXV 0 saj not that the boon of birth 0 watch ye well by daylight 0 it IB hard to work for God 0 look, my soul, and see 0 Life, what is thy breath? 0 Mount beloved O, moomers, call not that a home 0 mourn not that the days are gone 0 Boee of Sharon ... 0 Sftvionr, hear a little child 0 SaTioor, whose mercy severe in its kindness 0 strong in purpose, frail in power 0 strong upwelling prayers of faith 0 Thou whose tender feet have trod 0 where is He that trod the sea 0 Thon, whose bounty fills my cup Cer many a weary mile O'er the dark wave of Galilee O'er the void and formless earth Oft had I prayed ••• ••• ... ... Oh! how soft that bed must be Oh 1 turn not such a withering look Oh ! weary in the morning One by one the sands are flowing One sweetly solemn thought One touch from Thee ••• ... On, onward Ixnne by mighty wings On ibe lone bosom of a lake One year ag^ ... ... Our beloved have departed Over an ancient scroll I bent TAQt 480 190 ly 22 380 52i) 424 18 232 88 Oi 35o 459 18« 324 222 446 323 289 79 369 345 102 265 240 C5 304 340 404 450 463 P. Peace in Jesus I blessed promise ... Pity thyself ! Words seeming kind Pleasantly passeth the summer ... Pour forth the oil Player is the burthen of a sigh ... 194 334 213 318 71 XXXVl IKDEX OF iriKST LINES. B. Raise high the note of exultation Raise up Thy power Receive me, Lord, to Thee I fly ... Remnant of ages, from thy glory cast Rejoice in Christ alway Remove the stone ... ... ... Rest for the weary River of God that springest Run ye the race, *tis not earth's fame rAOB 367 489 29 488 223 279 200 452 • • • •• • 105 s. Sabbath of the Saints of old Say hast thou ever yet See the rivers flowing She bathed His feet with many a tear .. She hath chosen the world Silence in heaven and earth Since service is the highest lot Sin hardens all the heart Slowly, slowly, up the wall Soft slumbers Some gentle souls , Some murmur when their sky is clear ., Soon and for ever ! So part we sadly in this troublous world Source of my life's refreshing springs ., Sow with a generous hand Sow ye beside all waters Speak thou the truth , Stark, stark that arm , Strangers we were, and sojourners below Strive, yet I do not promise Strong words are these Sunlight has vanished , Sweet brooklet ever gliding 291 24 277 350 519 95 166 352 518 296 528 210 62 398 199 268 262 5 328 474 269 179 254 82 INDEX OF FIEST LINES. XXXVll Sweet is the Toice of song Sweet was the hour, 0 Lord, to Thee Sweet when friends tiieir joys impart PAOB lU 338 382 TaUtiia Cumi ! Taoler the Preacher Tell me the story simplj Tell me, my wishing soul The Apostle slept The hsby wept The charities that soothe The Christmas bells rang gladly in The erening shades to rest invite The Hand that might have drawn aside Tlie Hand that strews the earth with flowers The holy house of prayer The meanest creature of His care The memory of Thy truth to me The night is fast waning on high The new year's morning was sad and still "Hie proudest heart that ever beat The setting sun was sinking fast The Sahbath day has reached its close ... ^ stars shine bright The stranger's heart, oh I wound it not ... Hieson gives ever ; so the earth "Ihe ronnded whole of truth ^ voice of Him who cries aloud The way seems dark about me '^ waves were dashing loud and high ... The west had shut its gates of gold The worid from age to age ^ worship of this Sabbath mom There is a child of mystery Thece ii a day of sunny rest 341 216 201 24 870 416 526 171 87 38 322 492 535 394 238 302 178 497 244 255 155 276 3 319 131 16 84 491 180 826 184 XXXVm INDEX OF FIfiST LINES. There is an Eje that never sleeps 78 There is a holier, sweeter rest 160 There lies a little lonely isle 357 There is no flock however watched 899 There no waxing moons nor waning 430 There is a little lonely fold 25 They are evermore aronnd ns 189 They tell ns, Lord, we are not Thine 7 They are not — Sleep they in the grave... 147 They were gathered early 416 They have 94 This Advent moon 495 This did not once so iionhle me ^ 118 This world I deem 282 Tho' poor and weak ••• •*. ••• ... ... ••• 148 Thon art free from pain and sorrow 896 Thon ask'st why Christ, so lenient to the deed 9 Thon glorions Snn of Righteousness 240 Thou rolled 284 Thy love Thou softest of t to me 86 Thy miracles are no state splendours 157 Thy neighbour I It is he whom thou 84 Thy way, not mine, 0 Lord ... ... ••• •.. ... 168 'Tis a thousand yeani and more 820 rris not for man to trifle 807 Tis thus they press the hand and part 887 *TiB not the blood-stained vest alone 41 Time, whither dost thou flee? 280 To God and to His Son be praise 225 To the Name that brings salvation 227 Two brothers freely cast their lot 89 Two sisters are there — ever year by year 106 INPKX OF FIK8T LIKBS. XXXIX TAOX Two went to pnj, or rather say 860 Two things have shone with golden light 212 U. Unnmnbei^d blessings, rich and free 129 Up and away 483 Up to the hill of CalTaiy .. 120 V. Vain was that man, and false as vain 375 Voyager on life's troubled sea . . 112 W. Watcher, who wak'st by the bed of pain 122 We bless Thee for the qniet sleep . . . . 896 We crowned the hard-won heights 408 We, ignorant of ourselves . . 75 We lead a gentle life below 214 We live not in our moments 210 We love Thee, Lord 27 We overstate the ills of life 169 We praise and bless Thee, gracious Lord 81 We saw Thee not when Thou didst come 10 We sadly watched the close of all 393 Weep not for those 408 What are the living 399 What cheering words are these 185 What I gazing on your Saviour's face 16 What God decrees, child of His love 174 What mean ye by this weeping ? 382 What no human eye hath seen 503 When ease and quiet are our lot 176 When first thine eyes unveil 239 When hearts are full worldly men 76 xl INDEX OF FIBST LINES. When simuner suns their radiance fling Where the faded flower shall f resheti Who ever lost by giving ? Whom see I ? Why do ye weep ? Why f eedest thoa on husks Why wilt thou make bright music Without a home, without a nest Words are lighter than the cloud-foam Work, ~ thy mission is not slumber TAOB 235 383 277 93 421 466 207 514 508 267 Ye have not sowed in vain Yes and they may forsake Yes, weep, 0 woman 197 187 292 '' Sanctify them through Thy truth, Thy Word is Truth." <( Before Thy mystic altar, heavenly Truth, I kneel in manhood, as I knelt in youth ; Thus let me kneel till this dull form decay, And life's last shade be brightened by this ray.'' Sir W. Jones B i ^' straight is the gate, and narrow the waj, and few there he that find it" ^jLi ABD are the ways of Truth, and rough to walk ; - ^ Smooth on the tongue discoursed, pleasing to the ear. And tunable as sylvan pipe or song ; What wonder then if I delight to hear Her dictates from thy mouth ? most men admire Virtue, who follow not her lore. Milton. DIVINITY OF TRUTH. How sure it is. That if we say a true word, instantly We feel ^tis God^s, not ours, and pass it on As bread at sacrament, we taste and pass. Nor handle for a moment, as indeed We dared to set up any claim to such. E. B. Bbownino SIrutb. 3 LINES ON TRUTH. The rounded whole of Truth the mortal mind May never mirror in its narrow sphere, Yet, as it looks to Heaven, may hope to find, The faint reflection ever wax more clear. To him that seeks, it is more largely sent, Nor need he grieve that all can not be given ; Upon the leaf each dew-drop is content To hold its segment of the round of heaven. ^'SihTe for the trath to the death, and the Lord shall fight for thee.-— EocLUS. IV. 28. ** Thou reqnirert truth in the inward parts." 0 GrOD of Truth, whose living Word Upholds whatever hath breath ; Look down on Thy creation. Lord, Enslaved by sin and death. Set up Thy standard. Lord ! that we Who claim a heavenly birth. May march with Thee to smite the lies, That vex Thy groaning earth. Mount Thy white horse. Thou Word of God ; Thy blood-stained vesture don : To the last strife with death and hell Lead Thy great army on. b2 Ah ! would we join that blest array. And follow in the might Of Him, the Faithful, and the True, In raiment clean and white ? We fight for truth, we fight for God, Poor slaves of lies and sin ! He who would fight for Thee on earth. Must first be true within. Then God of Truth, for whom we long. Thou who wilt hear our prayer. Do Thine own battle in our hearts. And lay the falsehood there. Thou sword which goeth from his mouth. Smite these false hearts in twain ! Here bum, thou never-dying fire I Fall on, thou fiery rain I Still smite ! still bum I till nought is left But God^s own truth and love ; Then, Lord, as morning dew come down — Best on us from above. Yea, come 1 then, tried as in the fire. From every lie set free. Thy perfect truth shall dwell in us.
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Paleira
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Paleira
Paleira wissenschaftlicher Name Paleira
Paleira taxonomischer Rang Gattung
Paleira ist ein(e) Taxon
Paleira übergeordnetes Taxon Cetoniidae
Paleira EOL-ID 76067
Paleira GBIF-ID 1076483
Paleira FaEu-GUID 0ca84942-b1b3-472f-87d5-e2d17a7a9034
Paleira IRMNG-ID 1383417
Paleira Commons-Kategorie Paleira
Paleira BioLib-ID 242793
Paleira Google-Knowledge-Graph-Kennung /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira OTT-ID 4631938
Paleira
genere di insetti
Paleira nome scientifico Paleira
Paleira livello tassonomico genere
Paleira istanza di taxon
Paleira taxon di livello superiore Cetoniini
Paleira categoria principale dell'argomento Categoria:Paleira
Paleira identificativo EOL 76067
Paleira identificativo GBIF 1076483
Paleira identificativo IRMNG 1383417
Paleira categoria su Commons Paleira
Paleira identificativo BioLib 242793
Paleira identificativo Google Knowledge Graph /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira
genus of insects
Paleira taxon name Paleira
Paleira taxon rank genus
Paleira instance of taxon
Paleira parent taxon Cetoniidae
Paleira topic's main category Category:Paleira
Paleira Encyclopedia of Life ID 76067
Paleira GBIF taxon ID 1076483
Paleira Fauna Europaea New ID 0ca84942-b1b3-472f-87d5-e2d17a7a9034
Paleira IRMNG ID 1383417
Paleira Commons category Paleira
Paleira BioLib taxon ID 242793
Paleira Google Knowledge Graph ID /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira Open Tree of Life ID 4631938
Paleira
género de insectos
Paleira nombre del taxón Paleira
Paleira categoría taxonómica género
Paleira instancia de taxón
Paleira taxón superior inmediato Cetoniidae
Paleira identificador EOL 76067
Paleira identificador de taxón en GBIF 1076483
Paleira Fauna Europaea New ID 0ca84942-b1b3-472f-87d5-e2d17a7a9034
Paleira identificador IRMNG 1383417
Paleira categoría en Commons Paleira
Paleira identificador BioLib 242793
Paleira identificador Google Knowledge Graph /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira identificador Open Tree of Life 4631938
Paleira
genre d'insectes
Paleira nom scientifique du taxon Paleira
Paleira rang taxonomique genre
Paleira nature de l’élément taxon
Paleira taxon supérieur Cetoniidae
Paleira identifiant Encyclopédie de la Vie 76067
Paleira identifiant Global Biodiversity Information Facility 1076483
Paleira identifiant Fauna Europaea 0ca84942-b1b3-472f-87d5-e2d17a7a9034
Paleira identifiant Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera 1383417
Paleira catégorie Commons Paleira
Paleira identifiant BioLib 242793
Paleira identifiant du Google Knowledge Graph /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira identifiant Open Tree of Life 4631938
Paleira
род насекоми
Paleira име на таксон Paleira
Paleira ранг на таксон род
Paleira екземпляр на таксон
Paleira родителски таксон Cetoniidae
Paleira основна категория за статията Категория:Paleira
Paleira IRMNG ID 1383417
Paleira категория в Общомедия Paleira
Paleira
род насекомых
Paleira международное научное название Paleira
Paleira таксономический ранг род
Paleira это частный случай понятия таксон
Paleira ближайший таксон уровнем выше цетонииды
Paleira идентификатор EOL 76067
Paleira идентификатор GBIF 1076483
Paleira код Fauna Europaea New 0ca84942-b1b3-472f-87d5-e2d17a7a9034
Paleira идентификатор IRMNG 1383417
Paleira категория на Викискладе Paleira
Paleira идентификатор BioLib 242793
Paleira код в Google Knowledge Graph /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira код Open Tree of Life 4631938
Paleira
taxon, geslacht van insecten
Paleira wetenschappelijke naam Paleira
Paleira taxonomische rang geslacht
Paleira is een taxon
Paleira moedertaxon Cetoniidae
Paleira EOL-identificatiecode 76067
Paleira GBIF-identificatiecode 1076483
Paleira nieuwe FaEu-identificatiecode 0ca84942-b1b3-472f-87d5-e2d17a7a9034
Paleira IRMNG-identificatiecode 1383417
Paleira Commonscategorie Paleira
Paleira BioLib-identificatiecode 242793
Paleira Google Knowledge Graph-identificatiecode /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira Open Tree of Life-identificatiecode 4631938
Paleira
Paleira taxon nomen Paleira
Paleira ordo genus
Paleira est taxon
Paleira parens Cetoniidae
Paleira categoria apud Communia Paleira
Paleira
рід комах
Paleira наукова назва таксона Paleira
Paleira таксономічний ранг рід
Paleira є одним із таксон
Paleira батьківський таксон Cetoniidae
Paleira ідентифікатор EOL 76067
Paleira ідентифікатор у GBIF 1076483
Paleira новий ідентифікатор Fauna Europaea 0ca84942-b1b3-472f-87d5-e2d17a7a9034
Paleira ідентифікатор IRMNG 1383417
Paleira категорія Вікісховища Paleira
Paleira ідентифікатор BioLib 242793
Paleira Google Knowledge Graph /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira ідентифікатор Open Tree of Life 4631938
Paleira
xéneru d'inseutos
Paleira nome del taxón Paleira
Paleira categoría taxonómica xéneru
Paleira instancia de taxón
Paleira taxón inmediatamente superior Cetoniidae
Paleira identificador EOL 76067
Paleira categoría de Commons Paleira
Paleira
Paleira ainm an tacsóin Paleira
Paleira rang an tacsóin géineas
Paleira sampla de tacsón
Paleira máthairthacsón Cetoniidae
Paleira catagóir Commons Paleira
Paleira
gen de insecte
Paleira nume științific Paleira
Paleira rang taxonomic gen
Paleira este un/o taxon
Paleira taxon superior Cetoniidae
Paleira identificator EOL 76067
Paleira identificator Global Biodiversity Information Facility 1076483
Paleira categorie la Commons Paleira
Paleira Google Knowledge Graph ID /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira
género de insetos
Paleira nome do táxon Paleira
Paleira categoria taxonómica género
Paleira instância de táxon
Paleira táxon imediatamente superior Cetoniidae
Paleira identificador Encyclopedia of Life 76067
Paleira identificador Global Biodiversity Information Facility 1076483
Paleira IRMNG ID 1383417
Paleira categoria da Commons Paleira
Paleira identificador BioLib 242793
Paleira identificador do painel de informações do Google /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira
Paleira naukowa nazwa taksonu Paleira
Paleira kategoria systematyczna rodzaj
Paleira jest to takson
Paleira takson nadrzędny Cetoniidae
Paleira identyfikator EOL 76067
Paleira identyfikator GBIF 1076483
Paleira identyfikator IRMNG 1383417
Paleira kategoria Commons Paleira
Paleira identyfikator BioLib 242793
Paleira identyfikator Google Knowledge Graph /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira identyfikator Open Tree of Life 4631938
Paleira
Paleira tên phân loại Paleira
Paleira cấp bậc phân loại chi
Paleira là một đơn vị phân loại
Paleira đơn vị phân loại mẹ Cetoniidae
Paleira ID Bách khoa toàn thư Sự sống 76067
Paleira định danh GBIF 1076483
Paleira ID IRMNG 1383417
Paleira thể loại ở Commons Paleira
Paleira ID BioLib 242793
Paleira ID trong sơ đồ tri thức của Google /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira
gjini e insekteve
Paleira emri shkencor Paleira
Paleira instancë e takson
Paleira kategoria në Commons Paleira
Paleira
Paleira
Paleira
hyönteissuku
Paleira tieteellinen nimi Paleira
Paleira taksonitaso suku
Paleira esiintymä kohteesta taksoni
Paleira osa taksonia Cetoniidae
Paleira Encyclopedia of Life -tunniste 76067
Paleira Global Biodiversity Information Facility -tunniste 1076483
Paleira IRMNG-tunniste 1383417
Paleira Commons-luokka Paleira
Paleira BioLib-tunniste 242793
Paleira Google Knowledge Graph -tunniste /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira Open Tree of Life -tunniste 4631938
Paleira
Paleira
Paleira nom scientific Paleira
Paleira reng taxonomic genre
Paleira natura de l'element taxon
Paleira taxon superior Cetoniidae
Paleira identificant Encyclopedia of Life 76067
Paleira identificant GBIF 1076483
Paleira categoria Commons Paleira
Paleira BioLib ID 242793
Paleira
Paleira nome do taxon Paleira
Paleira categoría taxonómica xénero
Paleira instancia de taxon
Paleira taxon superior inmediato Cetoniidae
Paleira identificador EOL 76067
Paleira identificador GBIF 1076483
Paleira identificador IRMNG de taxon 1383417
Paleira categoría en Commons Paleira
Paleira identificador BioLib 242793
Paleira identificador de Google Knowledge Graph /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira identificador Open Tree of Life 4631938
Paleira
gênero de insetos
Paleira nome taxológico Paleira
Paleira categoria taxonômica gênero
Paleira instância de táxon
Paleira táxon imediatamente superior Cetoniidae
Paleira identificador EOL 76067
Paleira identificador GBIF 1076483
Paleira categoria na Commons Paleira
Paleira identificador do painel de informações do Google /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira
Paleira
Paleira nomine del taxon Paleira
Paleira rango taxonomic genere
Paleira instantia de taxon
Paleira taxon superior immediate Cetoniidae
Paleira ID EOL 76067
Paleira categoria in Commons Paleira
Paleira
Paleira instancia de Taxón
Paleira Categoría en Commons Paleira
Paleira
gènere d'insectes
Paleira nom científic Paleira
Paleira categoria taxonòmica gènere
Paleira instància de tàxon
Paleira tàxon superior immediat Cetoniidae
Paleira identificador Encyclopedia of Life 76067
Paleira identificador GBIF 1076483
Paleira identificador Fauna Europaea (nou) 0ca84942-b1b3-472f-87d5-e2d17a7a9034
Paleira identificador IRMNG de tàxon 1383417
Paleira categoria de Commons Paleira
Paleira identificador BioLib 242793
Paleira identificador Google Knowledge Graph /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira identificador Open Tree of Life 4631938
Paleira
Paleira
Paleira izen zientifikoa Paleira
Paleira maila taxonomikoa genero
Paleira honako hau da taxon
Paleira goiko maila taxonomikoa Cetoniidae
Paleira EOL-en identifikatzailea 76067
Paleira GBIFen identifikatzailea 1076483
Paleira IRMNG identifikatzailea 1383417
Paleira Commons-eko kategoria Paleira
Paleira BioLib identifikatzailea 242793
Paleira Google Knowledge Graph identifikatzailea /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira Open Tree of Life identifikatzailea 4631938
Paleira
genero di insekti
Paleira kategorio di Commons Paleira
Paleira identifikilo che Google Knowledge Graph /g/11bw5_8rqh
Paleira
Paleira taksonomia nomo Paleira
Paleira taksonomia rango genro
Paleira estas taksono
Paleira supera taksono Cetoniidae
Paleira identigilo laŭ Enciklopedio de Vivo 76067
Paleira Komuneja kategorio Paleira
Paleira numero en BioLib 242793
Paleira identigilo en Scio-Grafo de Google /g/11bw5_8rqh
| 45,707 |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Хабня
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https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Хабня&action=history
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Kazakh
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Spoken
| 122 | 483 |
Хабня — Ресейдегі өзен. Мәскеу облысы жер аумақтарынан ағып өтеді. Өзен сағасы Озерна өзенінің оң жағалауынан 46 км қашықтықта орналасқан. Өзен ұзындығы 11 км-ді құрайды.
Су реестрінің мәліметтері
Ресей мемлекеттік су тізілімінің мәліметі бойынша Ока су алабы өңіріне жатады, өзеннің сушаруашылық бөлігі — Озерна бастауынан Озернинск су торабына дейін. Өзен саласы — Мокшыге қосылу құйылысына дейінгі Ока тармағының су алаптары, өзен алабы — Ока.
Ресей су ресурстары федералды агенттігі дайындаған РФ территориясын сушаруашылығы бойынша аудандастыру жөніндегі геоақпараттық жүйе мәліметтері бойынша:
Мемлекеттік су реестріндегі су объектісінің коды — 09010101212110000023354
Гидрологиялық тұрғыдан зерттелу (ГЗ) коды — 110002335
Су алабының коды — 09.01.01.012
ГЗ томының нөмірі — 10
ГЗ бойынша шығарылуы — 0
Дереккөздер
Сыртқы сілтемелер
Ресей Федерациясы Табиғи ресурстар және экология министрлігі
Ресей өзендері
| 5,672 |
MMKB10:000599001:mpeg21_18
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Dutch-PD
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,849 |
Militaire spectator; tijdschrift voor het Nederlandsche leger, 1849, 01-01-1849
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Dutch
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Spoken
| 7,053 | 12,360 |
Toen deze deugd hen niet meer versierde, waren zij die geduchte strijders niet meer, en zoo zien wij langzamerhand dat het eerste volk der oudheid, door weelde en overvloed ontzenuw d, voor wilde en woeste horden moest onderdoen. Krijgskundige wetenschap mogt de operatiën hunner legers besturen, de kracht ontbrak om het zwaard met moed aan te grijpen; hun moreel overwigt moest voor de physieke krachten der barbaren wijken. Hetgeen de oude wetgevers en legerhoofden tot welzijn hunner onderhoorigen in praktijk bragten, werd later door den vader der geneeskunde in afzonderlijke schriften verzameld, en aan hem komt de eer toe van de grondslagen dezer wetenschap gelegd te hebben. Het is hier de plaats niet om de geneeskundige verdiensten van Hippocrates en zijne navolgers te vermelden; het zij genoeg gezegd, dat hij, met zoo vele anderen, ten deze inderdaad zeer hooge verdiensten bezit, die wij thans wel vereeren, maar niet beoordeelen zullen. In vroeger dagen bestond er, zooals bekend is, geen afzonderlijke militaire stand, maar ieder burger was verpligt 2 om in dagen van gevaar de wapenen aan te gorden, ten einde den gemeenschappelijken vijand te bestrijden. Het in dienst stellen van zoogenaamde staande legers is van latere dagteekening, en met hunne verschijning zien wij dan ook eerst bepaalde regels vastgesteld, die meer bijzonder tot het bewaren der gezondheid van den krijgsman moesten dienen. De namen der mannen welke zich bepaaldelijk met dit hoogstnuttige werk heliben onledig gehouden, gaan wij met stilzwijgen voorbij, alleen in het voorbijgaan zij gezegd, dat men in 1757 het eerste werk over deze wetenschap zag verschijnen, ten titel voerende Hygiëne des armces. Na dit volgden nog een groot getal andere; ongelukkigerwijs mogen wij ons niet beroemen hier te lande veel beoefenaren van dit vak aan te treffen; evenwel kunnen wij ter eere van onzen stand zeggen, dat ten deze de praktijk de theorie is vooruitgegaan. De soldaat wordt behoorlijk verzorgd, en voor zoover de middelen en de gelegenheid het medebrengen, wordt er op zijn physiek en intellectueel welzijn voldoende acht geslagen. De Ilooge Regering, aan wie wij in dit opzigt veel verpligt zijn, vindt dan ook in hare onderhoorigen ijverige dienaren, die met verstand en oordeel hare bedoelingen weten ten uitvoer te leggen, om alzoo vaderland en leger nuttig te zijn. Onder de verschillende standen der maatschappij bekleedt de militaire stand voor¬ zeker niet de laatste plaats. Bovendien bevat hij de bloem der natie en de kern der jongelingschap, die, door het lot geroepen , of door heiligen ijver gedreven, goed en bloed veil hebben om den vaderlandschen bodem tegen uitwendig geweld te verdedigen, en den vreedzame in den lande het rustig bezit zijner eigendommen te waarborgen. Daar dus zijne gelederen uit onze dierbaarste betrekkingen, vaders, broeders en kinderen, zijn zamengesteld, en de bestemming van het leger zoo gewigtig is, kan het niet anders, of de Staat heeft er het grootste belang bij om voor het materieel welzijn van dien stand zooveel doenlijk te zorgen. Doch van alle mogelijke standen moet juist ook de onze zich de meeste ontberingen, vermoeijenissen en opofferingen getroosten. Daartegen bestand en daartoe in staat te zijn, is eene eigenschap waaraan de legers hunne grootste kracht ontleenen, en welligt schuilt het geheim om eene krijgsmagt onverwinnelijk te maken, voornamelijk daarin , dat men haar door oefening en gehardheid zoover brenge, dat zij de veranderingen van het saizoen niet meer telt, en het oogenblik om in de behoeften van het leven te voorzien, naar welgevallen kan verschuiven. Aan deze roepstem der natuur kan echter ook de krijgsman niet altijd gehoor weigeren, en is het aan den eenen kant wenschelijk dal hij alle gewoonte ten deze leere verzaken, van den anderen kant is het ook gebiedende pligt, niet al- leen dal de Staat doeltreffend in zijn onderhoud voorzie, wanneer geenc buitengewone inspanningen gevorderd worden, maar ook dat hij zijne krachten niet dan in de hoogste noodzakelijkheid op het spel zette, en ze niet noodeloos verbruike. Verder behoort men, om hem tot dit alles in staat te stellen, in dagen van rust en vrede, en zoo dikwerf de omstandigheden het gedoogen, op zijne spijzen, kleeding, huisvesting, enz. te letten. De voeding vooral heeft eenen zeer grooten invloed op de ontwikkeling van den mensch, en voorzeker, de vele wetgevers en legerhoofden van den ouden en nieuwen tijd, zouden niet immer getracht hebben in de voeding hunner legers gelijkheid en overeenstemming te brengen, waren zij niet van het denkbeeld doordrongen geweest , dat zelfs verschil van landaard door gelijkheid van voedsel wordt uitgewischt. Onder de velen die hierin tot voorbeeld kunnen gesteld worden, wijzen wij alleen op Gustaaf Adolf, Prins Maurits, Tukenne en den Franschen Keizer. Van ons leger kan men zeggen dat de soldaat goed gevoed wordt, schoon niet overeenkomstig onzen landaard; dat hij met betrekking tot zijne gezondheid, goed en doelmatig is gekleed en gewapend, doch over het algemeen slecht is gehuisvest. Wij hopen dat het onzen krijgsmakkers aangenaam zal wezen deze punten bij volgende gelegenheden nader uiteen te zien zetten. Voor het oogenblik eindigen wij met den wensch, dat allen met ons het gevoelen van den grooten Franschen veldheer Tlrenne mogen deelen, namelijk : « Que le sancj du soldat est Ie plus prêcieux de la pair ie. » Vooral door de zamenstelling van ons leger, moeten wij alles er aan hechten dat zijne belangen innig worden behartigd. Door dit le doen, behartigen wij ook de onze, en door in het onderhoud onzer krijgslieden doelmatig en met liefde te voorzien, verschaffen we ons tegelijkertijd waarborgen tegen den tuimelgeest der eeuw. — Wanneer onze soldaten eenmaal naar hunne haardsteden zijn teruggekeerd, zullen zij zoodoende even krachtvolle burgers zijn, als zij thans hoopvolle jongelingen schijnen. Dewijl het leger uit het volk voortkomt, ware het wenschen, dat de geest des tijds de slechts denkbeeldig bestaande afscheiding tusschen burgerij en krijgsmagt ophief, en men in gemoede tot de overtuiging geraakte, dat de Slaat niet om het leger, maar het leger om den Staat aanwezig is, en dat alzoo op dezen de verpligting rust, om voor het welzijn van dit leger op eene andere dan stiefmoederlijke wijze te zorgen. Alles wat voor de krijgsmagt gedaan wordt, doet men voor de burgers van den Staat, derhalve ook voor zijne eigene naastbestaanden en betrekkingen. De legerverzorging is eene kunst wier uitoefening aan de Hooge Regering is toevertrouwd; maar daar eene 2* kunst geleerd moet worden, moet men begrijpen dat niet iedereen het regt heeft om op het leger te bedillen, wijl niet iedereen vestingen kan bouwen of legers besturen, noch zelfs soldaten kleeden of wapenen. Het ware beter 0111 welmeenend de pogingen te ondersteunen, die tot het welzijn van Staat en legermagt in het werk worden gesteld. Op deze wijze zullen de morele krachten van beiden niet weinig gesterkt worden, en het leger, gesteund door het morele overwigt dat het steeds in Oranje erkende, zal aan de verwachting kunnen beantwoorden, die het vaderland in elk geval op hetzelve gesteld heeft. BEDENKINGEN DE PROJECTORGAMSYTIE DER KAVALLER1E, welke voorkomt in de Proeve van Bezuiniging op de begrooting van Oorlog, dooi• den Majoor der Artillerie E. van Loden Sels , Adjudant van Z.K. H. Prins Frederik der Nederlanden. ingezonden. Voorzeker hebben vele officieren van het leger met gespannen verwachting eene dezer dagen bij de Erven Doorman te 's Hage uitgekomen brochure, inhoudende eene proeve van bezuiniging op de begrooting van Oorlog, te gemoet gezien. — Ook wij deelden in die belangstelling, welke de hooggeachte schrijver, reeds zoo bijzonder gunstig op het gebied der krijgsgeschiedenis bekend, zeer zeker bij het publiek en inzonderheid bij het leger heeft opgewekt. Met de meeste gretigheid werd deze proeve enz. door ons gelezen en herlezen, en wij kunnen niet anders dan de loffelijke pogingen toejuichen, door den Schrijver in het werk gesteld , om het stel¬ sel der militie en de daarmede in verband gebragte reorganisatie van het leger uiteen te zetten. Hoe weinig opwekkends het ook moge hebben, allerwege bezuinigingen en inkrimpingen te moeten aantreffen, veelal reeds dadelijk op de materiële belangen der individus werkende, en bovendien de vooruitzigten in hunne carrière benemende, is het niettemin opbeurend, dat eene bekwame pen hierin heeft willen voorlichten , en alzoo denkbeelden heeft geopperd, die bij liet onvermijdelijk daarstellen van bezuinigingen op de begrooting van Oorlog, welligt niet zonder invloed zullen blijven, en daardoor eene rigting aan die inkrimpingen kunnen geven, welke, zoo wij ho- pen, heilzaam voor den Staat en zoo min mogelijk drukkend voor de daarbij betrokken individus moge zijn. Zonder dal wij ons in staal achten eene wederlegging daar te stellen van den ganschen inhoud der genoemde brochure, willen wij ons toch niet onthouden eenige bedenkingen in te brengen tegen de daarin voorkomende project-organisatie der kavallerie van ons leger. — Ons doel is daarbij niet, indien éénmaal eene vermindering in dit wapen noodig geoordeeld inogt worden, veel grootere sommen, dan door den geachten schrijver daartoe worden aangewezen, te zien besteden; alleen vermeenen wij, op grond onzer ondervinding, te mogen aanbevelen, de organisatie alsdan op zoodanigen voet te brengen, dat wij in alle tijden en omstandigheden aan de verwachting kunnen beantwoorden. Hoewel reeds door anderen over de organisatie der kavallerie is geschreven, en deze opiniën in de hoofdpunten overeenkomen , zoo vermeenen wij nogtans, dat meerdere details dienaangaande niet onwelkom bij onze wapenbroeders zullen zijn, en, zoo noodig, welligt aanleiding zullen geven tot nadere uiteenzetting van de zoozeer gewenschte reorganisatie. Wij zeiden geen veel grootere sommen te willen zien aanwijzen, dan de schrijver der genoemde brochure daartoe opgeeft ; immers, dit zoude bij velen in deze lijden, reeds vooraf ons vonnis vellen. — Hoezeer wij van dit standpunt uitgingen, zoo hebben wij echter gemeend genoegzame aanleiding te vinden tot het niet geheel en al billijken van den maatstaf der traktementen, ook met betrekking tot ; uie der kavallerie. Aannemende, dat aan ieder officier, voor het houden van elk | ' I dienstpaard f 200 'sjaars, als noodzakelijke behoefte wordt toegekend, en het overigens zoo karige traktement van den 2den luitenant der infanterie tot basis nemende, dan heeft de 2" luitenant met twee dienstpaarden ƒ 1100; doch is, billijkerwijze, hier dan ook niet in aanmer king te nemen, of nu beide die officieren in evenredigheid dienst verrigten; niet reden vermeenen wij hier te beweren, dat er geene vergelijking te maken is tusschen de dienstverrigtingen van den infanterieofficier en dien der kavallerie (1). Zullen nu gelijke behoeften de evenredigheid van meerdere diensten uitsluiten? — Moet hier niet tevens in overweging genomen worden , dat, indien de 2e luitenant der kavallerie, zoo als thans, 15 jaren en meer in dien rang blijft, het te voorzien is, dat twee derde gedeelte der luitenants van dit wapen, nooit, althans niet voor hun vijftigste levensjaar, tot den rang van ritmeester zullen geraken, terwijl bij de (1) In vredestijd zeker niet, maar in tijden van oorlog ? Doch ook wij hebben beweerd, dal aan de officieren der kavallerie de verhooging van f 100 toekwam , die de Majoor v. L. S. aan de officieren der artillerie en genie toekent; maar wij beweerden dit om geheel andere redenen. De toelage voor meerdere ligchaamsinspanning, is reeds begrepen in de toelage voor één of twee paarden; waarom anders die toelage ook niet aan de adjudanten der infanteiie en aan de officiereu van gezondheid , toegekend zoodra zij paarden houden ? Het avancement heelt zijne nukken, de kavallerie is lang voor geweest, en het zal slechts van wijze beschikkingen afhangen, om haar niet geheel achter te doen blijven. De Radactie. I" andere wapens de vooruitzigten reeds veel gunstiger zijn en nog zullen worden. De organisatie, zoo als die is voorgesteld, van drie regimenten van vijf velden één depót-eskadron, met verdere uitbreiding tot acht veld-eskadrons in lijd van oorlog, komt ons voor niet wenschelijk te zijn, om de navolgende redenen: Het regiment schijnt ons toe te sterk te zijn op voet van oorlog; bij groote legers levert dit minder bezwaar op, dan zulks bij ons zoude te weeg brengen. De verhouding van de militie tot de staande armee, komt ons voor wat groot te zijn. De indeeling van miliciens ter oefeningbij de veld-eskadrons in vredestijd, vinden wij niet verkieslijk; een veld-eskadron behoort uit geen ander personeel te zijn zamengesteld, dan hetgeen volkomen afgerigt en ieder oogenblik marschvaardig is. Het in reserve houden van een kader en manschappen voor de kavallerie, zal vele moeijelijkheden met zeer wisselvallige uitkomsten aanbieden. De uitbreiding van de kavallerie zal spoediger met de hulpbronnen van een grooter getal, bijv. vier, dan met die van drie regimenten kunnen plaats hebben. Bij het op voet van oorlog brengen van ons leger, schijnt het ons toe, dat de indeeling der kavallerie bij hetzelve, al dadelijk aanleiding tot versnippering der regimenten zal geven, hetwelk om vele redenen niet wenschelijk is; hoezeer het eskadron als taktische éénheid beschouwd kan worden, zoo mag het gewaagd genoemd worden, eene organisatie daarop te baseren. Verder vindt het stelsel, waarop de projectorganisatie van drie regimenten berust, zijne grondstoffen in het daarmede in verband gebragte militiewezen, hetwelk, hoe aanbevelenswaardig zulks ook wezen moge, echter niet zoo spoedig in werking zal kunnen komen, als de organisatie algemeen noodig schijnt. Het is om die redenen, dat wij wenschelijker achten, de kavallerie uit vier regimenten, ieder van vier veld- en een depót-eskadron te zien zamenstellen. Het veld-eskadron te brengen op 1 ritmeester, 5 luitenants, allen met twee paarden; verder één opperwachtmeester, 8 wacht¬ meesters, 1 tourier, Iz korporaals, 4 trompetters, 2 hoefsmeden, 112 dragon¬ ders en 115 paarden. De sterkte dezer eskadrons overtreft die der paarden met 25 man; indien men hier de zieken, de oppassers der officieren, enz. afneemt, dan blijven er slechts enkele ruiters, om te voorzien in noodzakelijke diensten van verschillenden aard; deze sterkte is dus niet te groot, indien men verlangt, dat het eskadron inderdaad , en niet zoo als thans, in naam bestaat; dat wil zeggen, dat de eskadrons-kom mandant telkens met een kompleet eskadron kan uitrukken, hetgeen thans door¬ gaans geen zestig ruiters bedraagt. Het getal van 115 paarden, in dit eskadron begrepen, is eveneens niet te ruim genomen ; van deze zijn doorgaans eenigen ziek of hebben des zomers de weide noodig. Het depót-eskadron geven wij de volgende sterkte: 1 ritmeester, 1 ritmeesterinstructeur, 4 luitenants, allen met twee paarden, 1 adjudant-onderofficier-pikeur, 1 opperwachtmeester, 8 wachtmeesters, 2 fouriers, 12 korporaals, 2 trompetters, 2 hoefsmeden, 125 man slaande armee en 250 man militie, 5 regimentskinderen en 150 paarden. Onder de sterkte der vrijwillige manschappen zijn begrepen 50 remonteberijders, 25 voor andere diensten, 50 rekruten, plus minus het getal per regiment aanwezig; wijders van de militie 50 man voor één jaar onder de wapenen.—Van de paarden zijn 50 remonten per jaar, tot aanvulling der eskadrons en 100 (jaarden tot afrigling van rekruten en miliciens. De afrigling der remonten is zoodanig te regelen, dat deze tegen ruiling van oude paarden, bij de veld-eskadrons kunnen overgaan op het tijdstip dat eene met verlof zijnde ligting militie 'onder de wapens komt, om deze alsdan daarvan te doen gebruik maken; of ook kunnen die paarden strekken, om een grooter aantal rekruten, dat soms aanwezig zoude kunnen zijn, te berijden. — De remonten konden bijv. in het najaar aangekocht, gedurende den winter gedresseerd en in den daaropvolgenden zomer, op het tijdstip dat de bedoelde militie opkomt, bij de veldeskadrons overgeplaatst worden. Zoodra de uitbreiding der militie dit zal gedogen, behoort bij het depót een getal van 500 miliciens te worden opgenomen, en zullen er alsdan, omdat het zuinigheidshalve niet anders kan, gestadig 50 man daarvan zes achtereenvolgende maanden onder de wapenen zijn, zoodat het VB gedeelte ieder jaar kan geoefend worden, terwijl afwisselend voor die ligtingen , die jaarlijks voor 2 maanden onder de wapenen behoorden te komen, dan slechts 50 man in eens moesten opgeroepen worden, om zoodoende een genoegzaam aantal paarden ook voor deze te hebben. Deze sterkte der militie bij ieder regiment , veroorlooft de daarstelling van twee eskadrons op voet van oorlog, welke, benevens de vier andere veld-eskadrons, alsdan op 175 man en 150 paarden moeten gebragt worden. De vier aanwezige veld-eskadrons hebben met het depót-eskadron stof genoeg tot het daarstellen van het kader der beide reserve-eskadrons; eenige promotie, wanneer het zwaard het pleit moet beslechten, heeft goede uitwerking. leder veld-eskadron geeft een gelijk aantal gegradueerden tegen benoeming van anderen, benevens 55 dragonders tegen geoefende miliciens aan de reserve-eskadrons af. Om ook tevens deze eskadrons niet geheel met jonge en soms niet genoeg afgerigte paarden te laten, kan men hierin door ruiling met de veld-eskadrons voorzien, en een gedeelte personeel bereden overplaatsen. Hoezeer het depót-eskadron eene veel grootcre sterkte verkrijgt dan de veld-eskadrons, zoo komt het ons voor dat hierin geen groot bezwaar ligt. Wij hebben eskadrons gezien, die door het gemis van depóts, als zoodanig gedesigneerd zijnde, bijna het getal personeel in administratie voerden, gelijkstaande met de grootste getalsterkte, welke de boven voorgestelde depót-organisatie in eens onder de wapenen telt. Bij de depóts heeft de ritmeester-kommandant het administratieve gedeelte te bewaken, terwijl onder zijn toezigt de! i ritmeester-instructeur het onderwijs in zijn i geheel bestuurt; van dit eskadron worden noch officieren, noch andere gegradueerden op wachtdiensten gekommandeerd, waardoor zij kunnen verhinderd zijn, dagelijks de verschillende instrucliën bij te wonen. De opperwachtmeester en fouriers zijn uitsluitend voor de administratie te bezigen, en geven geene instructie. De kavallerie aldus georganiseerd, kan, op voet van oorlog, builen de depóts, op vier-en-twintig eskadrons, met ruim 5600 paarden gebragt worden, terwijl in vredestijd steeds 16 eskadrons, met 1852 paarden marschvaardig zullen blijven; thans kunnen er geen 100 man marcheren, of het eene eskadron moet eenige paarden aan het andere afstaan. Verder ondervindt men dan de inconvenienten door het achterlaten van rekruten, miliciens, remonte-paarden, enz.; een der blijvende eskadrons neemt deze in subsistentie op, doch moet daarna onverwachts ook marcheren; nu stijgt de verwarring ten top, en gelukkig degeen, die de poorten van bet garnizoen dan achter zich heeft. Intusschen moeten de oefeningen van het gebleven gedeelte voortgang hebben, waartoe het eskadron, dat tijdelijk tot depót herschapen is, de noodige paarden moet aanwijzen; men oordeele hoezeer de deugdelijkheid der paarden hierdoor te gronde gaat, en hoe weinig de gehechtheid van den ouden ruiter voor zijn paard , hierdoor wordt aangekweekt; iets waarop nogtans de duurzame bruikbaarheid der ruiterij berust. De hier voorgestelde organisatie heeft met de depóts een niet onbeduidend grooter aantal paarden dan de project-organisatie des schrijvers der Proeve, enz., waarom de bezuiniging niet geheel tot die hoogte is gestegen, hoewel zij nog vrij aanzienlijk blijft, en globaal genomen, over de helft zal komen. Wij laten hier duidelijkshalve eene tabel volgen onzer voorstellen, waarop wij reeds de goedkeuring van velen mogten erlangen. Wijders zien wij met gerustheid de maatregelen van het hooge militaire bestuur te gemoet, vertrouwende dat, indien eene reorganisatie van het leger zal noodig geacht worden, de belangen der kavallerie in het algemeen, en die der officieren en verdere onderhoorigen in het bijzonder zullen worden behartigd, en dat men daarbij niet alle vooruitzigten op eene betere toekomst zal sluiten. Deventer, October 1848. Een Veld-Eskadron. Ritmeester Ie Luitenants 2e Luitenants Opperwachtmeester. Wachtmeesters Fourier Korporaals Trompetters Hoefsmeden Vrijwilligers Officieren. Troepen. | Paarden. Officieren- i Troepen- l *4aiimerkinycn. 1 2 3 6 2 4 1 1 8 8 1 I 12 12 4 4 2 2 112 87 G 14(1 12 11S Een Depot-Eskadron. c p £ O Vrijwilligers Afgerigt. Rekruten. Lotelingen. Onder de wapenen 1 Jaar. 2 Maanden. Verlof. I Onder de wapenen. 1°. G Maand. 2°. 6 Maand. 1°. 2 Maand. 2°. 2 Maand. Verlof. j Paarden. Officieren Troepen- I Afgerigt ( Remonte. ' Ritmeester Ie klasse 1 2 Ritmeester 2e klasse, instructeur ... 1 2 le Luitenants 2 \ 2de Luitenants 2 4 Adjudant-onderofficicr-Pikeur 1 ] Opperwachtmeester I Wachtmeesters 0 jj Fouriers 2 2 Korporanls ,12 j2 Tr mpetters 2 2 Hoefsmeden 2 g I Vrijwilligers 715 ±30 74 a0 .2 1 S (Met 250 30 50 150 J 1 c ) "f « 11 )Mel 300 80 30 30 50 300 «lof Uegimenlskinderen 5. t4 ' -3 \ | | 30 50 150 | 50 50 50 30 I30O '03 | 50 |25u | 500 | | 100 | 30 6 'S3 ' 12 150 Een Regiment Kavallerie, beslaande uit 4 Veld- en 1 Depól-Eskadron. STAF VAN HET REGIMENT. Kolonel Luitenant-Kolonel Majoor .... . i Ritmeester 2e klasse Adjudanten J ^ Luilenant Kwartiermeesters | ^ ïuHenant Administrateur van Meeding Officieren van gezondheid Paardenarts Adjunct-paardenarts Adjudant-onderofficier Standdaarddragcr met rang van Adjudant onderofficier Staftrompetler Meester Kleermaker » Zadelmaker » Laarzenmaker » Zwaardveger Schrijvers VIER VELD-ESKADRONS. Ritmeesters le klasse Ritmeesters 2e klasse le Luitenants 2e Luitenants Opperwachtmeesters Wachtmeesters Fouriers Korporaals Trompetters Hoefsmeden Kavalleristen vrijwilligers EEN DEPOT-ESKADRON. Ritmeester le klasse Ritmeester 2e klasse Instructeur le Luitenants 2e Luitenants Adjudant-onderofficier Pikeur Oppe rw acht mees! er Wachtmeesters Fouriers Korporaals Trompetters Hoefsmeden Kavalle- 1 Vrijwilligers risten. } Lolelingen Regiments-kinderen 5. Sterkte. Paarden. Officieren. Troepen. OfficicrenTroepen- Traetement Soldij per per Aanmerkingen. jaar. dag. 1 2 4301) 00 1 2 3400 00 1 2 3000 00 1 2 2000 00 1 2 1400 00 1 1600 00 l 800 00 1 Mem. 00 Mem 00 1 1 1000 01 1 1 700 00 11 1 10 11 1 10 1 1 85 1 33 1 3S 1 35 1 43 3 30 2 4 2400 00 2 4 2000 00 12 21 HOO 00 8 1G 1200 00 4 4 1 05 32 32 83 4 4 83 48 48 45 16 16 65 8 8 35 448 348 35 1 2 2400 00 1 2 2000 00 2 4 1400 00 2 4 1200 00 11 1 10 11 1 05 8 8 83 2 2 83 12 12 4S 2 2 63 2 35 123 124 35 250 275 Eischt de billijkheid niet de miliciens ook di' soldij van 35 Cents te ■ doen genieten? i 40 j 073 I 72 613 WINTER-WERKZAAMHEDEN. THEORIE VOOR HH. OFFICIEREN. (1) Het is eene onmiskenbare waarheid, dat wij Nederlanders, bovenmate sterk aan onze oude gebruiken en gewoonten blijven vasthouden, en daarvan niet dan door een wonder zijn af te brengen. Niet later dan gisteren zagen wij dit bewaarheid. Toevallig bezig zijnde met het doorbladeren van den 1 (i™ jaargang van den Militairen Spectator, en nadenkende over hetgeen op bladz. 147 over de studiën der officieren wordt gezegd, kwam juist de sergeant-majoor ons het 'programma der winterwerkzaamheden (amusementen, zouden wij haast gezegd hebben) aanbieden. Als onwillekeurig viel ons oog het eerst op de vroeger voor de theorie der IIII. Officieren bestemde dagen, en eene ijskoude rilling beving ons, toen wij eene herhaling zagen van hetgeen wij verleden jaar, op hetzelfde tijdstip, hadden gelezen ; het deed op ons hetzelfde elfect, als de roepstem van iemand, die eene slepende ziekte heeft: «Iteretur, et reiteretur et reiteretur in perpetuum! Tweemaal 's weeks theorie voor de HH. (1) V\ ij hebben deze uitdrukking, hoezeer onjuist, behouden, omdat zij, door kracht van gewoonte , liet burgerregt heeft verkregen , en ook woordelijk zóó op het Programma voorkomt. (ingezonden.) Officieren! Dat is voor G maanden, (waaruit de winter, volgens het programma, bestaat) 48 keeren, of minstens 72 uren! Ons eerste werk was, een almanak te grijpen, om te zien, of er in dit jaar, soms heilige dagen invielen. Helaas! sleehls één! waren wij Israëliet, dan twee! — Misschien zijn eenigen van u, waarde krijgsmakkers! gelukkiger, want het is niet te veronderstellen, dat de éénheid en gelijkvormigheid bij hel Nederlandsche leger, reeds zoo groot zullen zijn, dat wij allen op denzelfden dag ons geestelijk voedsel zullen ontvangen. — Met eene zucht ontglipte ons de almanak: «Eene zucht is een brief zonder adres,»hebben wij wel eens hooren zeggen; maar gij allen zult wel kunnen nagaan, aan wie die brief geadresseerd was. Het vooruitzigt is dan ook niet aanlokkend. Reeds een goed aantal jaren hebben wij die theorie bijgewoond, en zijn er nooit wijzer geworden. Wij willen zelfs eerlijk bekennen, dat we er ons schrikkelijk hebben verveeld, en steeds te hebben behoord tot hen, die eene ingeving des Hemels kregen (1) als het uur (1) Militaire Spectator16* Deel, bladz. 148. verstreken was. Misschien zijn sommigen ' in den militairen stand, aangezien deszelfs uwer meer bevoorregt; misschien behoort toepassing, de krijg, niet dun ten koste gij tot een onderdeel, welks aanvoerder van bloed kan verkregen worden? In elke niet alleen een N°. 1 in rang, maar ook andere wetenschap bestaat hel verlies, een N°. 1 in wetenschappelijke en krijgs- bij niet-slaging, in lijd en in geld; hier kennis is, en dubbel gelukkig moogt ge komt er steeds het leven bij in het spel, u dan rekenen; maar er zijn toch nog zelfs bij goeden uitslag! Voorwaar, er korpsen, waar de theorie steeds op de behoeft wel geen andere beweegreden bij vnnrvaHerliikp. wiize wordt gehouden: waar den weidenkenden officier te bestaan dan deze, om hem tot het grondig beoefenen van zijn vak aan te sporen. Men werpe ons niet tegen: « de onder - de officier van buiten leert; waar men vergeet dat dit zelfs in de exercitie-reglementen wordt verboden, en dus bij weten¬ schappelijk onderwijs nog minder kan te vinding is de beste leermeesteres.» — Wij pas komen. kunnen toegeven, dat eene langdurige on- Dikwerf is bij ons de vraag opgerezen, dervinding het gebrek aan goede tlieowaarom toch bij vele officieren een te- retische gronden kan te gemoet komen; genzin in de theorie bestaat? Zeker niet maar — uitgezonderd dat de stelling niet omdat zij wetenschappelijke kennis op geen doorgaat, want dan zou elk oud bevel prijs zouden weten te stellen. — Wij ' hebber, die maar lang genoeg geleefd had , spreken hier niet van hen, die de edelste ook een goed generaal moeten zijn geroeping van den man, de roeping tot het j worden, — tot welk eenen prijs wordt zwaard en den strijd (1) als een hand- zulk eene ondervinding niet meestal verwerk aanmerken, — maar van hen, die kregen ? Het Vaderland bloot gegeven aan den krijgsmansstand van zijne ware zijde de aanvallen des vijands, en duizenden beschouwen, van die zijde, welke een ieders achting vordert, namelijk: de inen uitwendige bescherming van hel Vaderland; deze zijn toch zeker overtuigd, dat elke kennis, elke wetenschap, elke handeling zelfs, om goede resultaten op te leveren , op eenen goeden grond moet gevestigd worden. En waar zou dan een goede grondslag noodzakelijker zijn, dan (1) Militaire Spectator, 1 le Deel, bladz. 110. menschenlevens nutteloos opgeofferd aan de onkunde of het gebrek aan doorzigt der bevelhebbers! — Peter de Groole zeide, na herhaalde keeren door Karel XII te zijn overwonnen: «Wij zullen, na lang « geslagen te zijn, wel leeren, de Zweden «op onze beurt te slaan.» — Maar hoe duur betaalde hij zijne lessen ! Een vriend, door hem op den Poolschen Iroon geplaatst, daarvan verdreven; de Zweden in het hart zijns rijks, en duizenden Russen gevallen onder het staal des \ijands, — dit was de bloedige prijs, waarvoor hij de ondervinding kocht. — Zou Frederik de Groote zich, zonder zijne grondige studiën, tegen zijne magtige vijanden hebben kunnen staande houden, en niet roem, eer en voordeel, het zwaard hebben kunnen op steken ? — Heeft niet in later dagen, de grootste veldheer die er immer geweest is, zijne zegevierende loopbaan, door rusteloos nasporen en onderzoeken, voorbereid ? En, om niet van vreemden te spreken, hebben wij, in onze eigene geschiedenis, niet in Maurits, Frederik Hendrik, Willem 111, Coeiioorn en zoo vele anderen, de luisterrijkste voorheelden van krijgskennis ? Het zou niet moeijelijk vallen, maar voor dit kort vertoog te omslagtig zijn, om, na deze groote modellen, tot de laagste trappen der militaire hierarchie af te dalen, en ook daar de bewijzen te vinden van het voordeel, dat met vrucht volbragte studiën in alle rangen hebben opgeleverd, en tevens van den jammer en de schande, die onkunde in krijgskennis zoo dikwerf heeft te weeg gebragt. Dat de studiën nog immer als hoognoodzakelijk worden beschouwd, kunnen wij ook opmerken uit onderscheidene, door het Hooge Bestuur van Oorlog genomen maatregelen, ten einde wetenschappelijke kennis meer algemeen te verspreiden, en evenwel bestaat er bij vele officieren een tegenzin in het middel, dat, onder meer anderen, zoo gunstig daartoe zou kunnen medewerken : de Theorie namelijk. Wij geloovcn evenwel, dat die tegenzin minder ligt in de theorie zelve, dan wel in de wijze, waarop die meestal gehouden wordt. Wen beschuldige ons niet van verbeelding en eigenwaan , of boude ons het ongepaste niet voor, dat er in de beoordeeling van een superieur door een inferieur kan gelegen zijn; wij hebben geenszins hel doel iemand te beleedigen, maar wij komen voor ons gevoelen uit, dat aan velen onzer hoofd-officieren de geschiktheid ontbreekt, om de studiën hunner officieren op eene wijze Ie leiden, waardoor zij aangenaam en daardoor vruchtbaar worden. Het ligt geenszins in onze meening, door deze stelling, eenen blaam op som¬ migen onzer aanvoerders te willen werpen: vele met kennis begaafde personen bezitten nog de vereischten niet, om die kennis behoorlijk aan anderen mede (e deelen. « La crüique est aisée!» zegt men mis¬ schien. Geef eens iets beters op! — Welnu, een ander heeft dit reeds vóór ons gedaan. Dat men eens eene proef neme, zoo als die door een N°. 1 (1) is voorgesteld. — Persoonlijk kennen wij die N°. 1 niet, maar het is zeker een man van ondervinding en daarbij van studie. Hij wil, namelijk, zoo min mogelijk theorie houden, en op de daartoe bestemde (1) Militaire Spectator , 16® Deel , blad/.. 147. uren, niets dan reglementen en militaire wetgeving behandelen. — Tol het beoefenen van alles, wat niet stipt reglementair is, wenscht hij ivetenschajrpelijke bijeenkomsten te vormen, waarbij N°. 1 altijd reglens zou voorzitten. Verder zoekt hij eenige officieren, die zich verbinden, om des winters gezamentlijk viermaal per maand eene voorlezing houden , het onder¬ werp door hen-zelven te kiezen, en daarbij altijd het doel der bijeenkomst in het oog houdende: bevordering en verspreiding van militaire kundigheden. Zelfs de ouderen, die geene wetenschappelijke opleiding hadden genoten, zouden hier in de gelegenheid zijn, om hunne verkregene ondervinding te doen gelden. In één woord, hij wenschte deze vergaderingen tot aangename bijeenkomsten, en het bijwonen er van tot eene genoegelijke verpligting te maken. Voeg verder bij hetgeen bij wenschte, dat wat de schrijver eener proeve van een militair woordenboek verlangt ten opzigte van het lokaal (1), hetgeen toch niet meer dan billijk is, daar hij dat slechts wil hebben ingerigt overeenkomstig den stand van den officier. — Dit zal toch wel van de jaarlijks door het D. v. O. voor de Bibliotheek toegestane gelden, afkunnen. Zoo vele jaren hebben wij den ouden slenter gevolgd. Laat ons ook hier in eens een nieuw tijdperk intreden. — De proef is ten minste niet gevaarlijk, en daarbij geenszins kostbaar, hetgeen met alle proeven wel het geval niet is. October 1848. L.\ (1) Militaire Spectator, loe Deel, blad?.. 170. DE KLEEDING DER KAVALLERIE. De geëerde schrijver van het onder bo-1 venstaand opschrift ingezonden artikel in N°. o van dit Tijdschrift, September 1848, boude het ons ten goede, dat ik mij een paar aanmerkingen op zijne voorstellen veroorloove. Zij zijn de volgende: De rijbroek kan op het magazijn zóó lang genomen worden als dit voor de lengte der bcenen van den ruiter vereischt wordt. Men is dus aan geene drie model¬ (iliGEZONDEN.) tailles, die zelfs J)ij de tegenwoordige model-rijbroek, zoo verre mij bekend is, niet voorgeschreven zijn, gebonden; zoodat bet volstrekt niet noodig zij, dat de ruiter met moeite te paard stijge op het kruis zijner rijbroek, en niet doorzitte, of zijne beenen niet zoude kunnen gebruiken: dit is dan slechts het werk van dengeen' onder wiens toezigt de ruiter gekleed wordt. Wat den rok betreft: indien ook die te kort genomen wordt, is het standinodel daarvan evenmin oorzaak. De tailles zijn niet bepaald voorgeschreven, evenmin als die der rijbroek; reden waarom men, wat de taille van den rok betreft, die der drie tailles voor de stalbuis voorgeschreven, volgt, te weten 41, 43 en 45 duimen plus de 5 duimen meerdere lengte van achteren. Is nu de lengte van 45 duimen van voren te kort, zoo behoeft men zoodanigen rok niet te nemen, maar doel men op maat aanmaken. Aan het standmodel ligt dus alweder de schuld niet, maar wel aan hein die den ruiter op het kleedingmagazijn te bekrompen kleedt, wanneer, zoo als de schrijver zegt, de rok de lendenen niet dekt, en er zich openingen tusschen den rok en de broek verloonen. De rok, mits een weinig uitgesneden boven de heupen, om des te beter te kleeden, kan zóó lang genomen worden, dat wel degelijk de buik door dal kleedingsluk gedeeltelijk, en de lendenen geheel gedekt zijn, terwijl de rijbroek ook zonder band, van voren 52 en van achteren 27 duimen, te rekenen van het lederen bezetsel, hoog genoeg boven de heup reikt, om den man ook daar behoorlijk te dekken, inzonderheid sedert de meer doelmatige broekdraagbanden van het laatste model en de beide aan de broek, boven de biezen, aangebragte knoopen de rijbroek aldaar beter en met minder inspanning ophouden. De door den schrijver voorgestelde band, ter breedte van 10 duim boven de heup, dunkt mij onnoodig en ondoelmatig: onnoodig, dewijl ik meen aangetoond te hebben dat de broek hoog genoeg reikt en genoegzaam door de lengte van de stalbuis of den rok kan bereikt ol bedekt worden, en ondoelmatig, dewijl een band op de broek altijd slecht kleedt, het kleedingstuk nutteloos bezwaart en op de plaats alwaar de hand aangezet is, een' niet fraaijen naad daarstelt, die ligt zigtbaar worden zou, dewijl de ruiter nu gemakshalve de broek minder goed optrekken zal. Het is waar, dat de rijbroek, ter plaatse waar de knoopen der broekdraagbanden aangezet zijn, versterkt diende te worden; dit kon echter zeer gevoeglijk zonder band geschieden, indien men slechts goedvond te bepalen, dat die knoopen door en door op een stukje leder genaaid werden. De stalbuis zoude ik gaarne behou¬ den zoo als zij is. De stalbuis is de dagelijksehe kleeding van den ruiter; hij is er ordentelijk en behoorlijk mede gekleed. Zou dit ook het geval zijn, indien de stalbuis zoodanig gesneden werd, dat zij over den rok in marschtenue ge¬ dragen konde worden; of zou men den ruiter de bespotting der burgeren op den hals halen? Ik vrees dat dit laatste gebeuren zou en wTilde dit liefst vermijden. — De Caban kan in Algerie en in bet grootste gedeelte van Frankrijk zeer voldoende zijn; in ons klimaat geloof ik dat wij beter doen onzen manteljas te behouden, in weerwil der tariefprijzen van /" 27,29 en van f 29,50, vooral nu mantel en jas gescheiden zijn, en wij ons dien ten gevolge naar omstandigheden, hetzij van de jas, hetzij van den mantel, of wel van beiden, mantel en jas, te gelijk bedienen kunnen. Het is niet te loochenen, dat de manteljas op het paard gepakt, een lastig meubel is; maar waarom niet eenvoudig bepaald, dal de jas en bandoulière gedragen en slechts de mantel op de voorhand van het paard gepakt zal worden? De voorhand is dan minder bezwaard , terwijl de plaatsing der hand en de besturing van het paard niet gehinderd zullen zijn. Het en bandoulière dragen der jas is lastig, doch zal het dit minder dan vroeger zijn, nu zij van üen mantel ontdaan is; de ruiter zal er zich spoedig aan gewennen, terwijl het in t veld meer dan eene nuttige zijde heeft. De witte handschoenen zijn voorzeker af le keuren. Het is eene dwaasheid, den ruiter te noodzaken die te dragen, terwijl men hem tevens ingesmeerde zwarte teugels in handen geeft. Ik twijfel echter of zwart katoenen handschoenen beter voldoen zouden; mij dunkt die zullen al te spoedig versleten zijn. \\ aarom zouden wij hij zwart lederen teugels, niet liever zwart lederen handschoenen dragen, en die handschoenen op dezelfde wijze behandelen, als door den Schrijver ten op zit'te van hel overig zwart ledergoed aanbevolen wordt. Overigens wil ik onze casques gaarne ruilen tegen de kolbaks, door den Schrijver voorgesteld, en evenzoo den rok met de épauletten, tegen eenen, zoo eenvou¬ dig mogelijk, hussaren-dolman, ingevolge het voorstel van den, ons helaas! te vroeg ontvallen, ritmeester Maas. Ik vrees dat de aanbevolen wapenrok te paard, uithoofde van de panden of slippen, minder voldoen zou dan de dolman. 15 October 1848. H. EENIGE BEDENKINGEN TEGEN DE KAVALLERIE-ORGAMSATIE VAN DEN HEER MAJOOR VAN LOItEN SELS. (iDGEZ Als kavallerie-officier willen wij den majoor van Löben Sels alleen doen opmerken, dat zijne kavallerie-organisatie ons onmogelijk voorkomt, omdat de ondervinding geleerd heeft, dat het aantal paarden bij het uitbreken van den oorlog, niet kan vermeerderd worden; het is al zeer veel, dat de depóts (waarnaar men hier te vergeefs uitziet) het aantal gedurende den veldtogt voltallig houden. Van waar zal men de paarden zoo spoedig krijgen? Hoe zal men afrigten en aan de vermoeijenissen gewennen, daar vier a vijf maanden tot die afrigting noodig zijn om de paarden in het veld te gebruiken? Maar voor hoe lang dan? Voor misschien zes maanden, waarna ze langs den weg zullen liggen of de ziekenstallen opvullen; en al het geld dat men zoo spaarzaam bezuinigd heeft, zal dan met woeker weder uitgegeven moeten worden. 1. D. N°. 5. ONDEN.) Wij zullen, wel is waar, zulke verre togten niet te doen hebben, als de kavallerie gedurende de oorlogen van het Fransche keizerrijk, maar zal onze kavallerie aan haar doel beantwoorden, dan is hare dienst bij een' verdedigings-oorlog, als het leger achter de Ilollandsche linie teruggetrokken is, even vermoeijend; zij moet dan een partijgangers-oorlog in de provinciën voeren, die, rusteloos gevoerd, groote uitkomsten zal kunnen opleveren, doch alleen met goed geoefende manschappen en paarden. De majoor van Löben Sels erkent (pag. 56) zelf, dat tot zijne organisatie op voet van oorlog, een groot aantal paarden noodig (1154) is, doch dat zij dit met de tegenwoordige gemeen heeft. Ik moet Zijn Edele evenwel doen opmerken, dat de tegenwoordige organisatie, volgens zijne eigene opgaven, 599 paarden meer heeft; 5 een gering verschil voor de Russische, maar een groot verschil voor onze kavallcrie. De tegenwoordige organisatie, die zoo slecht is als er ooit een bestaan heeft, gedoogt ook gcene vermeerdering van paarden. Wij verheugen ons echter, dat, wat de depóls betreft, wij het met onzen ouden Delftschen vriend en schoolkameraad geheel eens zijn: geene depóts, geene goede kavallerie. Door de depóts verstaan wij echter geene verzameling van oude versleten officieren en onderofficieren, zoo als vroeger wel eens heeft plaats gehad, maar eene vereeniging van goede instructeurs en administrateurs, eene vereeniging van officieren en onderofficieren, die niet al¬ leen in staat zijn om de rekruten rijden en exerceren te leeren, maar ook de ge 1 schiktheid hebben, en er den lust toe gevoelen om de rekruten eene zedelijke opvoeding te geven, die hen onder liet oog brengen en doen beselVcn, dal des krijgsmans eer en moed , geenszins gelegen is in vloeken, tieren en razen, en veel te kunnen drinken, en dat geen vijandelijk kavallerist daardoor de minste vrees wordt aangejaagd; maar dat een goed gedrag, een gezond ligchaam, ervarenheid in de rijkunst en wapenhandel, het eenigemiddel is om aan onze bestemming te kunnen voldoen. B. van Merlen, Majoor. EENIGE BEMERKINGEN OP HET VLUGSCHRIFT: MILITAIRE ADMINISTRATIE, ENZ. door den Heer J. van den Bosch, Militaire Adjunct-Intendant. De heer J. van den Bosch heeft ons de eer aangedaan , van eene brochure te schrijven van i\ bladz. over eenige opmerkingen, die wij ons veroorloofden omtrent de Militaire Administratie. Een ieder wie dit werkje leest , zonder zich de moeite te geven van tegelijkertijd onze beschouwingen over het bedoelde onderwerp te raadplegen , en die in verband te brengen met de plaatsen waarop, en de zaken waarbij zij te huis behooren, zou wanen dat wij totaal geslagen , ja, vernietigd waren. Tot nog toe even¬ wel meenen wij het veld te kunnen behouden, hoe vinnig de Hr. v. d. B. ons ook bestrijden moge. Indien Z. E. G. onze redeneringen met meer oplettendheid gelezen hadde: indien hij zich afgevraagd hadde, of de daarin geuitte denkbeelden wel zoo ongerijmd waren, al werden zij ook niet door een dienaar der administratie geuit, en vooral indien hij met ons gevoelden geloofd hadde, dat er gebiedende noodzakelijkheid tot bezuinigen bestond, zoodat er geene sprake meer kou wezen van de meest volmaakte ..militaire instellingen, maar wel van zoodanige, waarmede men volstaan kan, door er aanhoudend zijne beste zorgen aan te besteden, dan gelooven wij, dat hij het minder hoog opgenomen en ons een slapeloozen nacht zou bespaard hebben, die er inderdaad mede gemoeid is, om nog voor dit nommer met onze weêrlegging gereed te zijn. Alvorens de zaken te behandelen, dient men het eens te zijn over de woorden. Met de verklaring die de Schr. op hladz. 9 geeft, van den wezenlijken aard en den werkkring der administratie, vereenigen wij ons volkomen, en wij herinneren ons niet, dat wij ooit anders dan in dien geest over de administratie gesproken hebben. Ten bewijze moge strekken dat wij in N°. 3, bladz. 129, bij het opsommen der uitgaven voor onze administratie, uitdrukkelijk de bureaukosten over de geheele armee noemden, en dus de bureaukosten voor die allen welke in vele hunner bemoeijingen , de gewone militaire dienst betreffende, administrativepersonen zijn; dat wij in N°. 4, op bladz. \ M handelende over de sergeant-majoors, die wij meermalen als bijna uitsluitend administrative personen beschouwden, melding maakten van hunne schrijverijen ten dienste van het personeel, hetgeen te dier plaatse geschiedde, en niet anders kor: geschieden, dan om aan te toonen, dat wij juist niet bij de afdeeling Administratie van het Ministerie van Oorlog, de schuld zochten van hunne veelvuldige werkzaamheden. Waartoe zou nu dat opnoemen dier bureaukosten en het vermelden dier schrijverijen voor het personeel, gediend hebben, wanneer wij sprekende over administratie, daaraan de enge beteekenis van «het beheer van gelden en goederen, tot het onderhoud en de verpleging der troepen bestemd« hadden gehecht? Hetgeen de Schr. op bladz. i 0 als bewijs van het tegendeel aanhaalt, klinkt al vrij zonderling_ In de eerste plaats had hij bij eene oplettende lezing kunnen zien , dat wij in den volzin dien hij aanhaalt , niet over de indeeling der onder¬ officieren in eene kompagnie infanterie spraken. Deze volzin toch wordt onmiddellijk voorafgegaan door de woorden: terwijl ook de kwartiermeesters stellig tol het staande leger moeien behooren. Doch ook in eene kompagnie blijft de administratie niet op het gebied der eigentlijke comptabiliteit; wil de Hr. v. d. B. zich hiervan overtuigen , dat hij dan de lijst van in te geven stukken raadplege, die doorgaans aan den wand van iedere sergeant-majoors-kamer ten toon hangt.
| 37,419 |
https://github.com/rhlranjan50/Contacts-Book/blob/master/src/js/pages/list/list.scss
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
Contacts-Book
|
rhlranjan50
|
SCSS
|
Code
| 89 | 312 |
.list-page {
position: relative;
.contact-list-heading {
color: #90a4ae;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 1401px) {
.row .col.xxl2 {
width: 16.6666666667%;
margin-left: auto;
left: auto;
right: auto;
}
}
.action-btn-container {
position: fixed;
right: 30px;
bottom: 15px;
display: flex;
flex-flow: column-reverse;
transition: all .5s;
a.btn-floating {
transition: all .5s;
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) {
.action-btn-container {
left: 48%;
flex-direction: row;
a.btn-floating:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
margin-left: 15px;
}
}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.action-btn-container {
left: 45%;
}
}
}
| 46,609 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41674529
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StackExchange
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Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,017 |
Stack Exchange
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CR7, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5073097
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English
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Spoken
| 153 | 336 |
Issue when rendering a Jbuilder json object as json
I am developing in student tracking website in RoR. In model I have following code to build json
self.as_json
json = Jbuilder.new do |j|
j.courses student_courses do |course|
j.(course, :id, :name)
j.students students, :name
end
end.target!
puts json
return json
end
My controller code is
render json: {
courses: course.as_json,
}
and produces
{"courses":[
"{\"id\": 1,\"name\": \"english\",\"students\": [{\"name\": \"ALison\"},{\"name\": \"Robert\"}]
},{...}... ]"
instead of
"courses" : [
{
"id": 1,
"name": "english",
"students": [
{"name": "ALison"},
{"name": "Robert"}]
}, {..},...
]
It is adding escape character(/) before every double quotes. How can I solve this issue
Hey you can use this to generate as alternative
course.to_json(:include => { :students => { :only => :name } })
Yes. your alternative is a good one. But can you please tell me a solution using Jbuilder as I need to some changes in the format of json
| 27,251 |
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Французское Конго
|
https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Французское Конго&action=history
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Russian
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Spoken
| 76 | 202 |
Францу́зское Ко́нго () — французское колониальное владение в Центральной Африке, существовавшее в конце XIX — начале XX века.
В 1880 году французы начали освоение бассейна реки Конго с заключения договоров о протекторате над прибрежными племенами. С 1882 года Либревиль стал административным центром французских колониальных владений в этом регионе.
В 1906 году территория Французского Конго была разделена на две отдельные колонии:
Габон с административным центром в Либревиле
Среднее Конго с административным центром в Браззавиле
Бывшие колонии Франции
| 5,386 |
cu31924029903881_5
|
US-PD-Books
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,919 |
Persian tales
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None
|
English
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Spoken
| 6,845 | 8,336 |
So it went on, till one day he went out as usual to gather thorns and was very late in coming back. The call to evening prayer had sounded before he came along on his way home carrying his load of thorns. As he came down a certain street an old woman dressed in her outdoor clothes, with black mantle and white veil, came out of a door just in front of him. ^ In Persia women as a general rule dislike the sisters of their husband, though these are usually very fond of their brother's children. To a child, therefore, there are two kinds of " aunt " — the mother's sister (khala), whom he is taught to love, and the father's sister ('amma), who spoils him and is kind to him, but whom his mother tries to teach him to hate and fear. The above story is told to children to encourage due distrust of their father's sister. 104 THE STORY OF THE WOLF-AUNT 105 As soon as she caught sight of the Thorn-gatherer she stepped forward and said : " Brother, where have you been all this time ? May I be your sacrifice ! May I die before you ! It is years since I have heard news of you. Come in and sit down, and let me hear how you are and how the world is using you. How many have you at home ? How do you earn your bread ? Come in and tell me evetything, and pour out all your woes." Then he answered : " In truth the world uses me hardly enough. I have a wife and seven daughters. Every day I am obliged to go out and gather thorns and sell them to feed myself and them. And so he poured out all his sorrows into the ears of his newly-discovered sister. Then she spoke : " Don't fret, brother dear, and don't worry. I am a rich woman. I have such and such goods and chattels, such and such storehouses, such and such landed properties, and such and such wealth, and you are my own brother. When I left home you were only a little boy, but you haven't changed much, and I still recognised you from your likeness to the child I remember. Brother, why should you slave and starve ? Come and live with me, and take it easy, and don't go out gathering thorns any more. Go ofF, now, and bring your wife and all your children. As long as you live and God gives me a mouithful of bread we shall share it together." With that the old woman seated herself where she was, while the Thorn-gatherer hurried home and told the whole story to his wife : " Truly, my dear, God has been kind to us. I had a sister, and now she is found again. She is rich and has no relations and no children. We have agreed that I and you and our daughters shall go and live with her, and she will provide for us." io6 PERSIAN TALES Then he took his wife and daughters by the hand, and they went off to where the aunt was sitting waiting, and she carried them all off to her home and made all prepara- tions to entertain them kindly. She gave them every sort of good food in plenty, and bought them nice clothes, and little by little they began to put on flesh and became fit and well. Some time passed thus, and one day the wife said to her husband : " Look here, my dear, this sister of yours is showing us so much kindness and generosity, it would be a good thing if we cooked some nice dish some day and sent it in to her." He said : " What can we send ? We have nothing." " Go off to the bazar," answered she, " and buy a liver and bring it to me. I'll cook it very nicely and we'll send it to your sister." So he went to the bazar and brought home a liver. The wife washed it well, and cut it up and cooked it nicely and put it in a bowl. As soon as evening approached, she gave the dish to her little daughter and said : " Go and carry this to your aunt." When the child reached her aunt's door she peeped in before entering and saw that her father's sister had turned into a wolf and was eating a man. She gave a start of terror and fainted away. The mother ran up and caught her in her arms, and took her back to their own room and brought her round. As soon as she came to herself the mother asked : " What happened to you, my child f " Then the little girl told her what she had seen. An hour later the husband came home, and his wife said to him : " This sister of yours, husband, is not a human being. She is a wolf who puts on a human body, and she has brought us all here to fatten us and eat us up. Come THE STORY OF THE WOLF- AUNT 107 and let us fly from here this very night." But the husband answered : " Shame upon you, wife ! In return for all the kindnesses of my sister you call her a wolf ! " And whatever she said he refused to listen to it or believe it. As soon as evening was come and every one had gone to bed, the wife got up quickly and wakened her seven daughters and carried them straight off to their old home, and settled down there. When morning came the husband woke and saw no sign of his wife and children. He understood what had happened, and went to his sister and complained : " Look, last night my wife said to me : ' Your sister is a wolf who eats human beings, come and let us fly from here,' but I paid no heed to her. Now when I get up this morning I find she has fled and carried off the children." The old woman said nothing, but waited till evening. As soon as the Thorn-gatherer was asleep she turned as before into the shape of a wolf and came to his bedside and said : " Well, now, as the others have escaped my clutches I shall eat you to-night. Tell me which you would rather I did — eat you down from your head, which is juicy, or up from your feet, which are tasty ? " The poor man said : " Do whichever you prefer." Then she tore him in pieces and ate him, and if he had listened to his wife this would never have happened. And now my story has come to an end, but the sparrow never got home. XVIII THE STORY OF NIM TANAK, OR HALF-BOY Once upon a time there was a time when there was no one but God. There was a King to whom no children were born, and this made him very sorrowful, till one day from grief and sorrow he wandered out alone into the desert. As he went he overtook a derwish and they exchanged greetings, then the derwish asked : " Who are you, and where are you going to ? " Thereupon the King told him how matters were. " How many wives have you .'' " " Four," answered the King, On this the derwish gave the King four apples and said : " Give one of these to each of your wives to eat." The King was greatly pleased, and took the apples home and gave them to his wives. Three of them ate their whole apples, but the fourth ate only half of hers and put the other half on a shelf, meaning to eat it later in the day, but a crow came and carried it off and flew away, and she was too much afraid to tell the King. In due time children were born to all the wives ; one of them had a daughter, two of them had sons, and the fourth had half a son. The King was very angry with the mother 1 08 STORY OF NiM TANAK, OR HALF-BOY 109 of the half-child, and drove her and her infant from his presence and treated them with great unkindness. But he was full of affection and goodness for his daughter and his •two sons, and educated them well, and brought them up carefully, and sent them to the madrasah, and made them his heirs, but poor Nim Tanak, the half-boy, had to play with the children of the servants and slaves, and never dared enter his father's presence. Now it came to pass that a Div fell in love with the King's Daughter. One day when she was out hunting with her brothers the Div suddenly appeared in the air and carried off the Princess, and flew with her to the cave, where he lived. When this news was brought to the King he was very sorrowful and wept a while. Then he gathered an army together and sent it under the command of his eldest son to fight the Div. From afar the Div saw them coming and asked the King's Daughter : " What is that ? " She answered : " Dust I see, and a cloud of sand, A youthful horseman is at hand." " What's he doing } " asked the Div. " Drinking water," replied the girl. " How's he drinking ? " — " He's drinking slowly, sip by sip," said she. " Come, then," said the Div, " let us laugh till we can laugh no more, for victory is ours." Then the Div took his weapons and went out to battle with the youth. As soon as the lad saw him his arms grew limp with fear. The Div seized him and carried him off into the cave and hung him up by the top-knot of his hair. Meanwhile the army fled and brought the news to the King. The King gathered a second army and entrusted it to his second son, and they marched out as the former had no PERSIAN TALES done. When they approached the cave the Div asked the Princess : " Well, what do you see ? " She answered : " Dust I see, and a cloud of sand, A youthful horseman is at hand." " What's he doing ? " — " Eating grapes." — " How's he eat- ing them ? " " One at a time," said the maiden. — " Come, then, let us laugh till we can laugh no more, for this time victory is ours." To cut a long story short, he seized the young prince like his brother and brought him to the cave, and hung him up by his eyelashes. The army fled and brought the news to the King, who was in despair. Then Nim Tanak saw that it would be no use to ask his father for an army, so all alone he mounted his horse and rode out to give battle to the Div. As he drew near the cave the Div again asked the girl : " What do you see ? " " Dust I see, and a cloud of sand, Nim Tanak riding close at hand." "What's he doing ?"—" Drinking water."— " How's he drinking it ? " " He has bent down over a stream and he's, drinking up water and mud and everything there is in it," answered the Princess. " Come, then," cried the Div, " let us weep till we can weep no more, this time defeat is ours." As he came nearer the Div again said : " Look and see what he's doing now." — " Eating grapes." — " How's he eating them .'' " " Bunches and bunches at a time, leaves and stalks and all," said she. — " Come, then, let us weep till we can weep no more, defeat is ours." The Div this time hadn't the courage to go out and fight. The Div was forced to take up his weapons and go out. Ill 112 PERSIAN TALES Nim Tanak came right up to the mouth of the cave, and at last the Div was forced to take up his weapons and go out. Nim Tanak gave him no pause and no respite ; he smote him with his sword and cut him in two halves. The Div fell to the ground and began to wail and lament, saying : " Strike me once more with thy sword and make an end." Nim Tanak was just about to smite him once again to kill him outright, as he thought, when his sister cried : " God forbid ! If you strike him again he will come to life." So he left the Div in two halves and set his brothers free, and carried off his sister, and they went home to the King. Then his father loved Nim Tanak greatly, and set the two brothers aside and made him his heir. And now my story has come to an end, but the sparrow never got home. XIX THE STORY OF THE BROTHER WHOSE LUCK WAS ASLEEP Once upon a time there was a time when there was no one but God. There was a father who had two sons. When he died the young men came and divided the property fairly. The younger brother took no trouble about his land, but always had good and plentiful harvests. The elder brother toiled from morning till night and wore himself out, but never had any crops at all. At last he came to his younger brother and said : " See, your share of our father's land is better than mine, let us exchange." They did so, but it made no difference ; again the younger brother's crops were good and the other's very bad. One day the elder Brother bethought himself of a plan — he would go to his brother's heap of fresh-reaped corn and steal some and spread it on top of his own. In the evening, therefore, he rose up and took a donkey and a sack and went to his brother's place. As he was just going to steal the corn a man stepped out in front of him and cried : " Who are you .'' And what are you doing here ? " He went 113 I 114 PERSIAN TALES up to this stranger and asked : " Nay, rather, who zxtyou ? " Oh, I'm your brother's Luck," said he, " and I kee watch here that no one may steal his corn." " Well, where my Luck, then," asked the unfortunate elder Brother. " Your Luck is in such and such a place on the top c such and such a mountain. And if you want the work c your hands to prosper you must go off there and wake him. So the big Brother went home and set his affairs in ordei and gave his property in charge to his younger brother an collected all that was necessary for his journey and set hi face to the road. He travelled and travelled till he found a lion in hi path. The lion came up to eat him, but he begged am implored that his life might be spared. " I'll let you gi in safety," said the lion, " on condition that you tell mi exactly what your business is and where you are off to." Then the man told the whole story of himself and hi brother, and said : " So now I'm going to wake my Luck.' The lion said : " When you have wakened him, ask him thi question on my behalf : ' Why is it that such and such a lion however much he eats, never feels satisfied .-' What is th( cure for this .? ' " " Very well," answered the Brother. He went on and on again, till he came to a village, anc stayed the night there. There was an old man there whc was the lord of the village, and was himself a cultivator, and he had a daughter. He entertained the traveller thai night, and in the course of conversation asked him : " Where are you going to .'' " In reply he told again all the story ol himself and his brother : " So I'm going now to wake my Luck." His host said : " When you have wakened him, say : ' Such and such a cultivator says : "I have a piece ol ground, and however much trouble I take, digging it up THE BROTHER WHOSE LUCK WAS ASLEEP 115 and watering it, it won't yield a good harvest." Now, what's the matter with it ? And what's the remedy.' " The Brother agreed. In the morning he started out again, and travelled on and on till he came to a city. This city had a King, whose command was that when any stranger arrived he should at once be brought into the King's presence. As soon as the elder Brother reached the city gate the King's men seized him and carried him to the royal presence. " Who are you.'' Where is your home .'' What has brought you here .? " He told the King the whole story, and wound up : " And so now I am going to wake my Luck." " Well," said the King, " when you've wakened him, say : ' A certain King says : " I take a great deal of trouble for my country and my people, and yet my kingdom has not the glory and prosperity that it ought to have." Now what is the remedy for this ? ' " The Brother agreed and set out again. He travelled on and on till he reached the mountain. He climbed up it and saw a tall man lying asleep, and the sound of his snoring rose in the air. He kicked him with his toe and said : " Get up ! Are you going to go on sleeping for ever ? " The man got up and rubbed his eyes and said : " Well, now that I am awake, you may set your mind at rest, I shan't go to sleep again any more." The Brother then asked his questions and got the answers, and started out on his homeward way. He travelled and travelled till he came back to the same city, and they brought him again before the King. " Well, did you wake your Luck ? " " Yes," said he. " Did you ask him my question .? "— " Yes."—" Well, what did he say .? "— " Give orders that every one should leave the room and I will tell you privately." The King gave orders, and every one went ii6 PERSIAN TALES out, leaving them alone. Then the Brother spoke and saic " My Luck said : ' The reason that your kingdom do not prosper is because you are a woman, and a woman rule is never glorious.' " The King began to implore hir saying : " O, What's -your -Name, don't tell my seer to any one. Now that you have learnt it, I shall hand ovi my kingdom to you and become your wife." " Nay, m so," answered he, " I must go home to my own countr and now that my Luck is awake my property will yiej good harvests." Much as the King implored him to sta saying : " I will give you ten such properties ! " he wouj not listen, and left the city. On and on he went till he came back to the same villaj and went to the house of the same old man, who agai received him as his guest and asked : " Well, did you wali your Luck .'' " — " Yes." — " And what is my answer .'' "- " He says there is a treasure buried under the ground whic you are cultivating. Dig out the treasure and the groun will yield well." The old man brought tools, and the both worked hard and dug and dug till at last they came o a very great treasure : seven jars of Chosroes all full of gol( and over the mouth of each jar a golden brick, and on tl: top of each brick a golden cock. Then the old man carr up and said : " O, What's-your-Name, I am old and ha\ one foot in the grave. Come, take my daughter and th treasure and all shall be yours." " Nay, not so," answere the Brother, " I must go back to my own country. M Luck is now awake and my property will yield goo harvests." And though the old man persisted and begge and implored him to stay, he would not consent, and starte out again. He travelled on and on till he came to the lion, wh THE BROTHER WHOSE LUCK WAS ASLEEP 117 came out to meet him, and said : " Well, come and tell me all your adventures on your journey. Did you wake your Luck ? " The Brother related all that had happened to him, and told of the King who was a woman and had wanted to marry him, and of the cultivator with his treasure who offered him his daughter's hand. " Well, and what was his answer to my question ? " asked the lion. " My Luck said," answered the elder Brother, " that whenever you meet a man who is a fool you should tear him to pieces and eat him ; that is the cure for your trouble." The lion thought for a moment, and then said : " Well, the truth is I never met a man who was a greater fool than thou art ! " and therewith he tore him in pieces and ate him. And now my story has come to an end, but the sparrow never got home. XX THE STORY OF THE FOX'S PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA Once upon a time there was a time when there was no one but God. There was a Fox who went one day into a reed-brake to play, and in playing he broke one of the reeds. He took it and put it over his shoulder like a pilgrim's staff and walked off. A Cock happened to be standing on the edge of a wall, busy praising God by reciting His name aloud. When he caught sight of the Fox, he cried : " Hullo, Master Fox ! What play-acting is this ? What have you put a pilgrim's staff on your shoulder for .? " The Fox repUed : " Nay, then, thou Muezzin of God, who callest the Faithful to prayer, this is no play- acting nor conjuring trick. Those evil deeds which you saw and which I used to do of old, I have renounced them all. I am now going on a pilgrimage to Mecca : Il8 THE FOX'S PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA 119 To the House of God I make my way, There to worship and there to pray. Though of old I did evil and went astray, I repent, and turn from the world away. Never again shall I steal or thieve Or plunder the hen-roosts as long as I live. The estate of my father lies in my hand, In peace and in virtue I'll live on my land." The silly idiot of a cock was taken in by these pious words, and said : " O, Master Sheikh, I long to go with you on your pilgrimage." " Very well," said the Fox, " you will be most welcome. Pray come, and let us set out." So the Cock flew down and started off in company with the Fox. When they had travelled some little distance they came to the bank of a river. A Waterfowl was swimming about ih the river, and when she saw the Cock coming along with the Fox she made her voice heard from the water : " O, thou Muezzin of God, hast thou forgotten to chant the praise of God that thou art thus fallen into the power of that base-born Fox ? " The Cock repHed : " Nay, it is not as you think : To the House of God he makes his way, There to worship and there to pray. Though of old he did evil and went astray, He repents and turns from the world away. Never again will he steal or thieve Or plunder the hen-roosts while he shall live. The estate of his father lies in his hand. In peace and in virtue he'll live on his land." I20 PERSIAN TALES The Waterfowl • cried : " If that is the state of affairs, I should like to go with you both on this pilgrimage," and she came out of the water and joined them, and they travelled on all three together. After they had gone some little way they came to a garden where a Hoopoe was sitting on the branch of a tree. When she saw the Cock and the Waterfowl coming along with the Fox she made her voice heard from the tree: " What extraordinary fools you are ! I wonder what sin you have committed to have fallen into the clutches of the base-born Fox ! " But the Waterfowl said : " Nay, thou Messenger of the Prophet Suleman, things are not as you think : To the House of God he makes his way, There to worship and there to pray. Though of old he did evil and went astray, He repents and turns from the world away. Never again will he steal or thieve Or plunder the hen-roosts while he shall live. The estate of his father lies in his hand. In peace and in virtue he'll live on his land." " Then," cried the Hoopoe, " if that is so, I should like to come with you all on your pilgrimage." " Welcome in the name of God ! " said they. So the Hoopoe flew down and started off with them. On and on they travelled till they reached the door of the Fox's hole. When they caught sight of the hole they saw feet and paws and birds' feathers scattered about and piled into heaps, and they all began to tremble with terror. The Fox saw this and said : " Nay, do not fear, since I renounced the evil of the world I have not harmed a single THE FOX'S PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA 121 bird. Come now and sleep here, be my guests to-night, and we shall start out early to-morrow morning." So they went into the Fox's earth and passed the night as best they might. As soon as it was day the Fox rose up and first called the Cock. He came, and the Fox addressed him : " Do you remember when you were on the roof-top what curses you hurled at me and how you made fun of me .'' " The Cock began to beg and implore : " O, Master Sheikh, I am God's Muezzin, calling the Faithful to prayer ; I pray thee overlook my fault ! " " Very well, then," said the Fox, " but what right have you to climb up on to men's roof-tops, and, in the pretence that you are going to sound the Call to Prayer, cast your eyes upon their women-folk .'' " " O, Master Sheikh, God created me for this sole purpose, that I should wake each dawn and sing to waken men that they should rise and pray." The Fox cried : " Even if you yourself are one of the Faithful, at any rate your mother was no better than she should be ! " And with that he ran in, and, seizing the Cock by the throat, strangled and ate him. As soon as he had finished eating the Cock he called the Waterfowl. She also came. " Do you remember, when you made your voice heard from the water, what you said about me ? " The poor bird began with apologies and tears to beg and implore him. " Very well, I'll pass over that fault," said the Fox, " but how can I overlook this great sin ? You go into the water and swim about and beat up the waters and defile them. Then comes a believer and wants to perform his ablutions before prayer, and finds the water all dirty and impure." As he spoke he darted at the Waterfowl, and, seizing her throat, strangled and ate her. 122 PERSIAN TALES Then he called up the Hoopoe : " Do you remember, when you were sitting on the branch of the tree, what sense- less words you uttered ? Whence do you get this fine name of yours, ' Messenger of the Prophet Suleman ' ? And how can you boast of the love which exists between you and the sons of men ? " " Well," said the poor Hoopoe, " you must admit that I was in charge of the water-wheels for the holy Suleman's army, and that I used to fly in the van and find water and camping - grounds for them." " O, you son of a burnt father ! " said the Fox, " if in very truth you have skill in finding water, let us see it now : find me some." The Hoopoe alighted on the ground and began to peck at the earth with her beak to make water come forth, there- upon the Fox pounced on her from behind and made one mouthful of her. But from out of the Fox's mouth the Hoopoe raised her voice and said : " Master Fox, I have one piece of good advice to give you. Open your ears to it." The Fox wanted to say : " Say on," but when he opened his mouth wide like a water-jar the Hoopoe flew off. As she was hurrying off she happened to pass an approach- ing army, and a Royal Falcon was flying in the van above them. The Hoopoe flew up to the Falcon and said : " Where are you off to ? " The Falcon answered : " 0, Messenger of the Prophet Suldman, this army is marching forth on business." " What business .'' " asked she. " Our great King's daughter lies very ill, And crowds of doctors surround her still. ' This they prescribe with thought and with care : The Gall of a Fox and the Heart of a Hare, and now for three days we have been searching and have THE FOX'S PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA 123 only just caught a hare, but so far we haven't lighted on a fox." " That's all right," said the Hoopoe, " I've got a fox's earth close at hand. Come along and I'll show you." Then the Hoopoe flew ahead and the Falcon and the horsemen followed behind till they came near the Fox's hole. The Hoopoe went to the mouth of it and called out : " Master Fox, you have shown me such great kindness that I am overwhelmed. Now I have come back to make you some return for it. There's a huge army coming along, and they'll certainly wreck your home. If you have any wish to save your life you must fly at once." The Fox came to the door of his hole and saw that the Hoopoe was speaking the truth : the army was there all right. He tried to escape, but the horsemen saw him and loosed their hounds on him. He fled till he was weary, but at last the hounds overtook him and tore him to pieces. Then the horsemen came up and took his gall-bladder for the King's daughter. And now my story has come to an end, but the sparrow never got home. XXI THE STORY OF THE SHAWL-WEAVER AND THE SEVEN SPINSTERS Once upon a time there was a time when there was no one but God. There was a woman who had seven daughters, and their trade was spinning ; on their wheels they used to spin fine wool. Among their customers there was a Shawl-weaver who used to come regularly to their house, buy the spindles from them, and give them the money in exchange. The mother let her eyes fall on this man, and her heart went out to him and she longed to give him one of her daughters in marriage. One day she said to the girls : " Put all your seven spinning-wheels in a row and sit down and begin to spin very quickly. When the Shawl-weaver comes I'll go out and talk business with him, and every moment or so you must call out : ' Mother, we've taken off a spindle,' and I'll say : ' Put it on the shelf.' " The man came as usual and the girls did as their mother had said. All seven of them sat in a row and worked their wheels very fast, and kept calling out : " Mother, we've taken off a spindle." Now the poor man was in a hurry 124 THE STORY OF THE SHAWL-WEAVER 125 and was trying to put through his business and get off, and at last he grew impatient and said : " Why do they keep shouting to you every moment ? " The mother said : " Oh, it's nothing, friend ; when their spindles are full they say : ' We've taken off a spindle,' and I say : ' Put it on the shelf.' " The Shawl-weaver was delighted to hear of the girls' industry, and said : "I wonder whether you would give one of your daughters to me ? " " Yes, I would," said she, and he came and was married to the eldest girl in due course, and the mother gave her to him to wife and he brought her to his home. One day the husband said to his bride : " I have got guests coming at noon to-day. Make all your preparations nicely and cook us a good pulau," and she said : " With pleasure," but she hadn't the remotest idea how to do it. So as soon as he had gone out, she went up and along to the edge of the neighbours' roof and called out : " Neighbours, how do people cook a pulau } " And the neighbours good- naturedly told her how you first steep the rice and boil it and strain it, and put clarified butter over it, and make it very hot. Then, feeling ashamed of her ignorance, she exclaimed : " Dear me, is that all you do ? Why, I knew all that myself." They were annoyed at her rudeness, and to pay her out they cried : " There's just one thing more you ought to do when you want to heat up the rice at the end : put a mud-brick on top of it to keep it down, and it will heat better." " Bah ! " answered the bride, " I knew that too ! " And she came down and did as they had told her. At noon her husband brought his guests home with him, and called out : " Now we are ready for lunch." But 126 PERSIAN TALES when he lifted the lid of the pot in which the pulau had been cooked he saw the rice was all full of dirt and mud, and had been utterly spoiled. He was a good deal ashamed in front of his guests, and he divorced his wife and sent her back to her own home. His mother-in-law came along and said : " Well, well, you'd better let me give you one of my other daughters," and he said : " All right, do." And he married the second sister and took her to his home. One day he bought some rice and sugar and clarified butter, and brought them home, and said to his wife : " Cook some nice halwa" and she also said : " With pleasure." When her husband had gone out she found she could not remember whether you put salt into halwd or not, so she went up and along to the edge of the roof and saw a man coming down the lane, and she called out : " Hullo, may you fall a prey to the corpse-washer ! You're like hal'ma which has no salt ! " And the man shouted back, laughing : " Why, my good woman, who ever heard of salt in halwd} " Then the wife said to herself : " Now of course the fellow's lying, and only wants to take me in," and she came down and cooked her halwd with plenty of salt. At noon when her husband came home and she fetched the halwd for him, he found it wasn't fit to eat, and he divorced her likewise. Then his mother-in-law came and said : " Well, well, you'd better take my third daughter, she's better and cleverer than either of the others." And he said : "All right," so he married the third daughter and took her to his house. One day he said : " Wife, I have guests coming to-day. Cook us dsh enough for three or four." " With pleasure," THE STORY OF THE SHAWL- WEAVER 127 said she, but she didn't know in the least how to do it, and as soon as her husband had gone out she went up and along to the edge of the neighbours' roof and asked : *' Neigh- bours, how do you cook ash ? " They told her all about it, how you get the good soup ready first, and then take flour and sift it and make dough, and beat it out very thin and cut it into fine strips, and then you put the broth over the fire, and as soon as it is boiling you add in the cooked vege- tables and lastly the thin strips of dough. Then the wife, wanting to conceal her ignorance, said : " Oh, I knew all that myself, but I thought perhaps you knew some better way ! " One of the neighbours called her back and said : " Wait a moment till I finish telling you. You should fill a large pot with water and put it on the fire, then go and choose all the heaviest shawls your husband has and tear them into thin little strips, and boil them up till they're well cooked and put them also into the ash" And the wife came down and did as she was told. When the husband came back he went into the kitchen and said : " Have you cooked the ash ? " " Yes," said she. Then he went up to the fire and took a spoon and began stirring the ash, and saw that the whole of it was strips of his best shawls which kept coming out on the spoon. And he said : " What sort of an ash is this that you've cooked .? " " That's how the neighbours taught me," said she. And the husband was very angry, and divorced her also and put her out of his house. Soon after this his mother-in-law came to see him and said : " Come, you'd better take my fourth daughter, she's highly skilled in every art." So he married the fourth sister. One day the month of Ramazan was drawing near. 128 PERSIAN TALES The husband went to the bazar to get the necessary supplies for the fast — clarified butter, dried curds, lentils, pease ; he brought these home and said to his wife : " Now, don'i touch these, I am keeping them for Long Ramazan." Not long after this she was out on the roof one day and saw a very tall man coming down the lane ; she called out : " Brother, are you Long Ramazan ? " " Yes," said he.— " May good befall you ! .Please come and take your goods and chattels out of my house, they leave me no elbow-room.
| 37,152 |
https://github.com/IngenuityEngine/ftrack-connect-foundry/blob/master/source/assetmgr_nuke/commands.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
ftrack-connect-foundry
|
IngenuityEngine
|
Python
|
Code
| 561 | 1,265 |
import FnAssetAPI
from FnAssetAPI.decorators import ensureManager
from . import utils
from . import items
from . import specifications
import nuke
import nukescripts
## @todo Standardise use of Entities/References
@ensureManager
def openPublishedScript(entityRef, context=None):
## @todo Scripts should be read-only if gathered from the asset system.
## Ideally, we need some knowledge in Nuke, that realises it was opened from
## an entity reference so that it update the behaviour or version up/etc...
## So, for now, we'll just make a new script an import the nodes
## @todo Nuke doesnt seem to call filenameFilters on scriptReadFile
session = FnAssetAPI.SessionManager.currentSession()
if not context:
context = session.createContext()
# We also have the issue that if you open a script, whilst one is already
# loaded in nuke, it will fork, and the rest of this code will run in the
# wrong process... Unfortunately if you just use nuke.scriptClose() this it
# also makes a new process, and runs the rest of this code in the old nuke,
# before it dies. Amazing. As this is a batch script, we cant confirm, so we
# just blow away the current script before hand with clear.
# The UI version of this call will check the state first
with context.scopedOverride():
context.access = context.kRead
context.locale = FnAssetAPI.specifications.DocumentLocale()
path = session.resolveIfReference(entityRef, context)
# If we clear the script, then we'll still be in this process, so we can
# tag it, otherwise, we fork and tag the old scipt not the one we opened.
nuke.scriptClear()
nuke.scriptOpen(path)
# Store where we imported this from
# We use the temp data as not to mess with the document state
utils.storeTemporaryRootNodeData('entityReference', entityRef)
return entityRef
def publishScript(entityRef, context=None, versionUp=False, tagScript=True):
item = items.NukeScriptItem()
try:
item.path = nuke.scriptName()
except RuntimeError:
item.path = None
specification = item.toSpecification()
session = FnAssetAPI.SessionManager.currentSession()
manager = session.currentManager()
# First we have to see what the management policy of the manager is
policy = manager.managementPolicy(specification, context)
if policy == FnAssetAPI.constants.kIgnored:
raise RuntimeError("The current asset management system doesn't handle Nuke Scripts (%s)" % policy)
managesPath = policy & FnAssetAPI.constants.kWillManagePath
# We only need to save a new version if we're not using a path-managing asset
# system.
if versionUp and not managesPath:
nukescripts.script_version_up()
item.path = nuke.scriptName()
if not context:
context = session.createContext()
entity = None
with context.scopedOverride():
context.access = context.kWrite
context.locale = FnAssetAPI.specifications.DocumentLocale()
if versionUp:
context.locale.action = FnAssetAPI.constants.kDocumentAction_SaveNewVersion
else:
context.locale.action = FnAssetAPI.constants.kDocumentAction_Save
with session.scopedActionGroup(context):
entity = session.getEntity(entityRef, context, mustExist=False)
# Switch on if its a tracking asset manager, or one that determines paths,
if managesPath:
entity = _writeScriptAsset(item, entity, context)
else:
entity = _publishScript(item, entity, context)
if entity and tagScript:
# We use the temp store as not to mess with the document state
utils.storeTemporaryRootNodeData('entityReference', entity.reference)
return entity.reference if entity else ''
@ensureManager
def _writeScriptAsset(item, entity, context):
"""
Writes a script for asset managers that manage the path.
"""
workingEntity = entity.preflightItem(item, context)
workingPath = workingEntity.resolve()
if not workingPath:
raise RuntimeError("Entity failed to provide a working path %s" % entity)
nuke.scriptSave(filename=workingPath)
item.path = workingPath
return workingEntity.registerItem(item, context)
@ensureManager
def _publishScript(item, entity, context):
"""
Registers a script in-place for asset managers that don't manage paths.
"""
## @todo There is assorted peril here as this may be the same
# file that is already being used by a previous version of an asset
# but, if its not a path managing asset system, what can we do?
return entity.registerItem(item, context)
| 43,296 |
https://github.com/ameliaperry/SumOfSquaresOptimization.jl/blob/master/src/solution.jl
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| 2,016 |
SumOfSquaresOptimization.jl
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ameliaperry
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Raw token data
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Code
| 578 | 1,724 |
# The output of the SoS method on a polynomial program
type SoSSolution
prog :: Program
degree :: Int64
primalobj :: Float64
dualobj :: Float64
moments :: Dict{SoSMonom,Float64}
primalmatrix :: Array{Float64,2}
dualmatrix :: Array{Float64,2}
status :: Symbol # :Normal, :Infeasible, :Unbounded, :Warning, :Error
end
obj(sol :: SoSSolution) = sol.primalobj
primalobj(sol :: SoSSolution) = sol.primalobj
dualobj(sol :: SoSSolution) = sol.dualobj
status(sol :: SoSSolution) = sol.status
function sos_sol_infeasible(prog :: Program, deg :: Int)
obj = prog.maximize ? -Inf : Inf
SoSSolution(prog,deg,obj,obj,Dict{SoSMonom,Float64}(),zeros(0,0),zeros(0,0),:Infeasible)
end
function sos_sol_unbounded(prog :: Program, deg :: Int)
obj = prog.maximize ? Inf : -Inf
SoSSolution(prog,deg,obj,obj,Dict{SoSMonom,Float64}(),zeros(0,0),zeros(0,0),:Unbounded)
end
function badsol_check(sol :: SoSSolution)
if sol.status == :Unbounded
throw(ArgumentError("The program was unbounded."))
elseif sol.status == :Infeasible
throw(ArgumentError("The program was infeasible."))
elseif sol.status == :Error
throw(ArgumentError("There was an error in solving the program."))
elseif sol.status == :Warning
println("Warning: the SDP solution was abnormal in some way.")
end
end
# Extracts moments from a solution.
function moment(sol :: SoSSolution, monom :: SoSMonom)
if deg(monom) > sol.degree
throw(ArgumentError("Requested moment degree is higher than solution degree"))
elseif !haskey(sol.moments, monom)
throw(ArgumentError("Requested moment is not described by this SoS solution"))
end
badsol_check(sol)
sol.moments[monom]
end
moment(sol :: SoSSolution, poly :: SoSPoly) = sum([ moment(sol,monom) * coeff for (monom,coeff) in poly ])
moment(sol :: SoSSolution, poly :: Expr) = moment(sol, parsepoly(nothing, poly))
moment(sol :: SoSSolution, symb :: Symbol) = moment(sol, parsepoly(nothing, symb))
moment(sol :: SoSSolution, str :: AbstractString) = moment(sol, parse(str))
macro moment(sol, args...)
escargs = [esc(x) for x in args[2:end]]
quote
str = @sprintf($(args[1]),$(escargs...))
moment( $(esc(sol)), parse(str) )
end
end
# Polynomial represented by the dual matrix. This is congruent,
# modulo the constraints, to the objective function minus the dual
# objective value, and is a sum of squares.
# XXX currently unused and private
function dualpoly(sol :: SoSSolution)
mon = vcat( [ monoms(sol.prog,i) for i in 0:div(sol.degree,2) ] ... )
po = SoSPoly()
for i in 1:length(mon)
for j in 1:length(mon)
prod = mon[i] * mon[j]
po[prod] = get(po, prod, 0.0) + sol.dualmatrix[i,j]
end
end
po
end
# This code processes the dual solution / SoS proof, and prints polynomials, the sum of
# whose squares equals the dual polynomial (cf dualpoly()).
# XXX currently unused, private, and broken
function printsquares(sol :: SoSSolution; adjust=1.0, method=:svd, thresh=0.00001)
# decode the dual matrix
dm = sol.dualmatrix
#mon = [ SumOfSquaresOptimization.monoms(prog,i) for i in 0:div(deg,2) ]
mon = [ SumOfSquaresOptimization.monoms(prog,i) for i in div(deg,2):-1:0 ] # reverse order for good cholesky results
mon = vcat(mon...)
mtx = zeros(length(mon),length(mon))
for i in 1:length(mon)
for j in 1:length(mon)
mtx[i,j] = dm[1,mon[i],mon[j]]
end
end
if method == :cholesky
ch=chol(mtx)
nonzero = 0
for i in 1:size(mtx,1)
vec = Base.vec(ch[i,:])
# threshold
if dot(vec,vec) < thresh
continue
end
# make the poly
s = SoSPoly()
for j in 1:size(mtx,1)
if abs(vec[j]) < thresh
continue
end
s[mon[j]] = vec[j] / sqrt(adjust)
end
# display
@printf("square of: %s\n\n", s)
nonzero += 1
end
@printf("threshold after %d squares; the remaining %d are negligible\n", nonzero, size(mtx,1)-nonzero)
else
# svd to get the squares involved
sv=svdfact(mtx)
for i in 1:size(mtx,1)
# singular value
sc = sqrt(sv[:S][i] / adjust)
# threshold
if sc^2 < thresh
@printf("threshold after %d squares; the remaining %d are negligible\n", i-1, size(mtx,1)-i+1)
break
end
# make the poly
s = SoSPoly()
for j in 1:size(mtx,1)
coeff = sv[:U][j,i] * sc
if(abs(coeff) >= thresh)
s[mon[j]] = coeff
end
end
# display
@printf("square of: %s\n\n", s)
end
end
end
# Dumps a solution to stdout.
function dumpsol(sol :: SoSSolution)
badsol_check(sol)
println("Objective:")
println(sol.primalobj)
println("Moments:")
println(sol.moments)
println("Dual matrix:")
println(sol.dualmatrix)
end
| 46,127 |
bpt6k878984k_7
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French-PD-Books
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| null |
Exposé critique de la chirurgie plastique et des résultats auxquels elle est parvenue, par M. le chev. F. A. d'Ammon,... et M. Maurice Baumgarten,...
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None
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French
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Spoken
| 10,754 | 17,078 |
Ce fut alors seulement qu’il fut permis de recouvrir la surface rouge et dénudée. Cela fait, on aviva le peu qui restait de la paupière, et on y réunit par la suture entrecoupée le lambeau déjà transposé. La plaie de la joue fut recouverte de charpie sèche. — Le cinquième jour, en renouvelant l’appareil, on vit que la réunion du lambeau avec le reste de la paupière n’avait eu lieu qu’en partie et seulement en bas, sur une largeur de 0 lignes, mais qu’en haut il restait un colobome de quelques lignes. Pour le moment, Dzondi négligea cette circonstance et ne chercha qu’à faire remplir la plaie par granulation, ce qui réussit quelques semaines plus tard. Voici quel était l’état de l’œil à cette époque : la partie nouvelle de la paupière couvrait la surface rouge dont nous avons parlé, jusqu’à la largeur d’une ligne, lorsque, bien entendu, on la maintenait en contact avec le reste de l’ancienne paupière ; autrement elle descendait à une ou deux lignes plus bas et elle était un peu trop longue. À cause de cette disposition, Dzondi en extirpa un petit lambeau triangulaire, et réunit les bords par des points de suture et au moyen d’un nombre suffisant de bandelettes agrégatrices; mais cette fois encore il resta un petit colobome. Cependant on tenta une seconde fois la réunion et on obtint le résultat désiré. Mais la paupière n’avait pas encore acquis assez de hauteur et de largeur pour recouvrir complètement la surface rouge et pour toucher le globe lui-même, quoiqu’elle fût déjà en état de contenir les larmes. Dzondi employa donc sa méthode de granulation, et, pour donner plus de largeur à la paupière, il fit une incision parallèle à la cicatrice, qu’il laissa se couvrir de granulations pendant quatre semaines. De cette manière il réussit dans sa tentative. Il restait encore un dernier inconvénient auquel il fallait remédier. La paupière nouvelle ne serrait pas assez contre le globe, non à cause de la mauvaise conformation du lambeau, mais parce que la conjonctive, qui s’était gonflée, écartait la paupière. Après différents essais infructueux, on parvint à neutraliser cet effet au moyen du cautère potentiel appliqué avec précaution sur la conjonctive, de manière à ne pas agir sur les parties voisines. Bien que Dzondi rapporte que le résultat final a été brillant, nous ne pouvons nous empêcher de croire que les incisions souvent répétées et les nombreux essais de cautérisation doivent avoir laissé des traces nécessairement nuisibles à l’état de la paupière nouvelle. Du reste, malgré tous les détails de la description de Dzondi, celle-ci pèche en ce sens, qu’elle ne fait pas connaître si le lambeau a été déplacé par transposition latérale ou bien par torsion. Il est à remarquer que l’auteur semble ne plus avoir eu recours à ce procédé, malgré le succès qu’il dit en avoir obtenu. 2° Procédé de Fricke (publié dans son ouvrage Sur la formation de paupières nouvelles, etc. Hamb., 1829, in-8°, avec fig., pag. 0 et suiv.). Fricke divise son procédé en quatre temps successifs, savoir : a. Incision et extirpation des cicatrices qui occasionnent l’ectropion. Il faut, d’après l’auteur, isoler et extirper les cicatrices par deux incisions pénétrant jusqu’à la conjonctive, afin de faire cesser la position anormale et la rétraction de la paupière. C’est seulement dans le cas où les cicatrices sont légères et encore molles, qu’il suffit de faire une incision profonde, parallèle au bord palpébral et de séparer les bords de la plaie. Mais dès que les cicatrices sont calleuses et raboteuses, on doit toujours les enlever très-exactement. Le tarse et la conjonctive doivent rester intacts. b. Formation de la paupière nouvelle. Dès qu’on a mesuré la longueur et la largeur de la plaie produite par l’excision des cicatrices, et qu’on a augmenté chaque dimension d’environ une ligne, on trace un lambeau en forme de langue à quelques lignes au-dessus du bord orbitaire supérieur, pour la paupière supérieure, et à quelques lignes au-dessous du bord orbitaire inférieur, pour la paupière inférieure. Pour la première, la base de ce lambeau est dirigée en bas ; pour la seconde, elle l’est en haut. Ensuite on détache ce lambeau des muscles qu’il recouvre jusqu’à sa base, et l’on coupe le pédicule étroit resté entre son bord intérieur et la perte de substance de la paupière, de telle manière qu’on puisse le transposer et le fixer dans la perte de substance, sans le tordre sur son pédicule. c. Arrêter l'hémorrhagie. d. Attacher la paupière nouvelle. On réunit le lambeau aux bords de la plaie de la paupière au moyen de la suture entrecoupée. Examen critique. Ce procédé de blepharoplastie, destiné à son origine aux ectropions considérables, occasionnés par la destruction des téguments, présente incontestablement de précieux avantages, et se distingue sous beaucoup de rapports de l’invention de De Graefe. D’abord il offre cet avantage qu’il n’oblige pas à tordre le lambeau, qui devient le siège d’une nutrition plus abondante et qu’il dispense d’une seconde opération, nécessaire pour l’extirpation du pédicule ; ensuite, comme la cicatrice se trouve au côté externe de l’œil, elle n’a pas la même influence nuisible sur la paupière nouvelle, comme lorsqu’on prend le lambeau dans la région sus-ét sous-orbitaire, ce qui peut produire un nouvel ectropion. — Quoiqu’on ne puisse nier d’ailleurs que le procédé de Fricke ne constitue un progrès essentiel de la blepharoplastie, nous devons cependant faire remarquer que des points assez importants ont besoin d’y être perfectionnés. D’abord, ce procédé opératoire est très restreint sous le rapport pratique ; et il n’est, à proprement parler, applicable qu’aux cas dans lesquels la cicatrice ou la partie qu’il faut remplacer se trouve sur le côté externe de la paupière, par exemple, dans l’ectropion avec carie du bord de l’orbite, tandis qu’il ne peut pas servir dans ceux où les parties malades se trouvent à l’angle interne de l’œil. Il y a un second inconvénient, c’est qu’il reste un point de communication entre la perle de substance de la paupière et le lambeau, et quelque habile que soit la main qui fait l’extirpation, elle ne laisse pas que d’embarrasser pendant qu’on transpose le lambeau dans la plaie, et même elle rend quelquefois cette transposition tout à fait impossible. Enfin il n’est pas rare que le lambeau transposé reste proéminent et inégal après la guérison. Pour ce motif d’Ammon a modifié le procédé de Fricke de la manière suivante : Procédé de Fricke perfectionné par d’Ammon (fig. 209 à 216). Dans les premiers essais tentés par d’Ammon selon le procédé de Fricke, il reconnut que pour arriver à des résultats plus heureux, il fallait nécessairement remédier à l’inconvénient qui se rattache à l’existence d’un pédicule entre la plaie palpébrale et le bord interne du lambeau formé au côté externe de l’œil. Quiconque a pratiqué le procédé de Fricke ou l’a essayé sur le cadavre, doit savoir que cette bande intermédiaire peut rendre la transposition très difficile, même après qu’elle a été coupée. D’Ammon conçut donc l’idée de commencer les incisions qui devaient circonscrire le lambeau, à l’endroit précis où se trouve la plaie produite par l’extirpation des cicatrices, et de donner par là une telle position au lambeau que son côté interne fut en contact avec l'angle externe de la plaie; de cette manière il ne pouvait plus exister d’espace entre les deux. Pour le reste, il procéda, comme dans le procédé de Fricke, en lui faisant toutefois subir quelques changements peu importants. Examen critique. Le procédé de d’Ahmon présente tous les avantages de celui de Fricke, même à un degré supérieur, sans en avoir les inconvénients. Il rappelle en même temps un peu la méthode de Dieffenbach, qui n’a pas encore trouvé sa pareille jusqu’ici. Le point par lequel les deux procédés présentent de l’analogie, c’est que par eux on forme le lambeau immédiatement à côté de la perte de substance sans le laisser séparé par un pédicule. La transposition latérale la plus simple, sans torsion ni tension, suffit alors pour recouvrir la perte de substance; elle est applicable aux opérations qui peuvent s’exécuter sur les paupières supérieure et inférieure. Cette modification, publiée déjà depuis quelques années, (Peters, Dissertatio de Blepharoplastice, p. 45, 1856, in-4°, c. tab.) mérite dans tous les cas d'être suivie et imitée. Procédé de Jungken (L’art des Opérations oculistiques. Berl. 1829, avec pi., in-8°, pag. 267, et dans la préface). Cet auteur proposa un procédé très-analogue à celui de Fricke et destiné surtout à la guérison de la lagophthalmie. Voici la description qu’il en donne lui-même : « Je fais au moyen d’un bistouri une incision autour de la cicatrice que j’extirpe: en général, je donne à la plaie la grandeur nécessaire pour que la paupière devienne suffisamment longue et prenne sa position naturelle. D’après les dimensions de la plaie ainsi formée, que pour plus de sûreté je pourrais dessiner et découper sur le papier, je taille un lambeau latéralement dans la joue, si la maladie se trouve à la paupière inférieure, et dans le front, si elle se trouve à la paupière supérieure; ce lambeau doit avoir exactement la forme de la plaie et être en communication avec le reste de la peau, au moyen d’un pédicule étroit. Après cela je le détache de sa base, avec autant de tissu cellulaire que possible. Le pédicule doit être assez long pour que je puisse rabattre le lambeau du côté de la plaie et l'y insérer sans qu'il soit besoin de le mettre hors de communication avec les parties qui l'environnaient précédemment. Ensuite j'arrête l'hémorrhagie au moyen d'affusions d'eau froide, j'enlève tout le sang déjà épanché, et je transpose le lambeau dans la plaie qui remplace la cicatrice, en tordant son pédicule, de sorte que les bords et les surfaces avivées se touchent exactement et que la peau extérieure reste tournée en dehors. La réunion doit se faire ensuite par quelques points de suture entrecoupée, afin que le lambeau n'éprouve pas de retrait. Le reste du pansement se compose de plumassants et d'emplâtres agglutinants. Je laisse subsister le pédicule jusqu'à ce que je puisse supposer qu'il s'est fait une réunion, organique entre le lambeau et la surface qui l'a reçu ; après cela je le coupe au moyen d'un bistouri glissé sur une sonde cannelée introduite par dessous; je renverse le reste du pédicule vers l'endroit d'où il a été pris, et je l'y attache au moyen d'un emplâtre agglutinant, de manière à ce qu'il puisse y reprendre racine. J'enlève les fils des sutures en temps, et je continue alors le pansement avec l'emplâtre agglutinant jusqu'à la complète cicatrisation. Je fais en sorte que la plaie produite par l'enlèvement du lambeau ne laisse qu'une petite cicatrice : pour cela je rapproche ses bords autant que possible. Examen critique. La description de cette opération démontre d'abord qu'elle ne convient pas à l'état pathologique de la lagophthalmie tel que nous l'avons décrit; en effet, elle ne rétablit que la peau, tandis qu'elle laisse dans leur état de raccourcissement le muscle orbiculaire, l'élévateur de la paupière, le tarse et la conjonctive palpebrale, qui sont tous raccourcis en même temps dans la lagophthalmie. Par ces motifs, on ne peut la conseiller que pour quelques éctropies, surtout pour ceux produits par des cicatrices des téguments palpebraux. Un grand inconvénient du procédé de Juengken, c’est qu’il nécessite la torsion du lambeau, ce qui en met toujours la vie et la nutrition en danger. Du reste, les reproches qu’on adresse au procédé de Fricke, on peut aussi les faire à celui de Juengken et avec plus de raison encore; car ce dernier n’attache pas le pédicule, mais le laisse libre pour ne le couper que plus tard, et c’est précisément cette circonstance qui nous explique pourquoi il a échoué dans deux cas où il a opéré de cette manière. (Voyez la préface de l’ouvrage cité, p. ix.) Si l’on veut appliquer le procédé de Juengken, il faut le modifier de la même manière que d’Anson a modifié celui de Fricke, c’est-à-dire qu’il ne faut pas laisser le pédicule libre, mais qu’il faut mettre le lambeau en contact immédiat par tous les bords avec l’endroit où l’on a pratiqué l’excision de la cicatrice. Procédé de Jobert (Carron du Villards, Guide pratique, etc., p. 573). Le 27 mai 1835, Jobert opéra un jeune homme, nommé Ricard, qui souffrait depuis son enfance d’un ectropion de la paupière droite inférieure, par suite d’une brûlure. Cette paupière était considérablement renversée en dehors et pressée contre le bord orbitaire par une forte bride de cicatrice. Le malade avait déjà été opéré à l’Hôtel-Dieu au mois de décembre 1854. On avait réduit l’ectropion au moyen d’une incision en forme de V et réuni les bords par la suture entortillée. Un érysipèle étant survenu, avait causé la perte de l’œil. Lorsque le malade vint à l’hôpital Saint-Louis, l’ectropion était de nouveau dans son premier état. Deux raisons engagèrent alors Jobert à essayer un nouveau procédé : il voulait guérir radicalement et faire cesser l’inflammation chronique qui affectait l’œil. Dans ce dernier but, il commença l’opération par l’excision d’une partie de la conjonctive palpébrale; ensuite il coupa la bride de tissu inodulaire par une incision parallèle au bord de la paupière, ce qui produisit une plaie presque triangulaire, dont la base était tournée en dehors. Cela fait, il circonscrivit un lambeau triangulaire, à base tournée en dedans, au côté externe de la paupière, au-dessous de l’arcade zygomatique, le détacha jusqu’à quelques lignes de la première incision, le retourna et le transposa dans la plaie de la paupière, où il le fixa au moyen de deux points de suture appliqués vers le milieu, l’un supérieurement, l’autre inférieurement. La plaie produite par l’enlèvement du lambeau fut réunie par la suture entortillée, et le tout couvert d’un linge fenêtré, de charpie et de compresses. Le troisième jour, lorsqu’il renouvela l’appareil, il ne remarqua aucun signe défavorable, si ce n’est une tuméfaction extraordinaire au point de torsion. Il enleva l’aiguille qui avait réuni la plaie de la joue; le cinquième jour, il retira les autres, et le sixième il coupa déjà le pédicule. Le 3 juin, une partie de la base du lambeau se trouva détruite par la gangrène, tandis que partout ailleurs la réunion avait bien réussi. Cependant, quelques jours plus tard, une nouvelle conjonctivite nécessita l’application d’un séton à la nuque; et le malade quitta, dit-on, l’hôpital peu de temps après, complètement guéri. Examen critique. Dans ce procédé nous retrouvons celui de Fricke avec quelques modifications, et nous renvoyons par conséquent à ce que nous avons dit de ce dernier. Le procédé de Jobert présente aussi deux grands défauts, qui sont la torsion avant l’opération et l’incision du pédicule après. Nous avons vu que la torsion a eu poursuite une gangrène partielle. Nous ajoutons que nous ne saurions approuver Jobert d’avoir appliqué des points de suture au milieu du lambeau; car cette manière de faire ne peut que très-rarement permettre la réunion des bords de la plaie et du lambeau. Procédé de Blandin (.Autoplastie, page 59, et Carron du Villards, Guide pratique, etc., p. 381). Le 1er mai 1835, Blandin opéra une jeune fille qui avait gagné un étranglement très-considérable à la paupière inférieure du côté droit. Par suite de cicatrices provenant d’ulcères scrofuleux, et qui souffrait presque continuellement de blépharophthalmie. Après avoir fait une incision sur toute la longueur de la cicatrice et débridé ainsi la paupière qui avait été attachée au bord orbitaire inférieur, il prit, dans la région temporale droite, un lambeau long de 2 pouces et large de 6 lignes, qu’il détacha jusqu’à sa base et qu’il retourna pour l’insérer entre les bords de la plaie faite à la paupière inférieure. Il opéra la réunion sans points de suture au moyen de bandelettes d’emplâtre agglutinatif, et fit de même pour les bords de la plaie temporale. Cependant l’on assure que la réunion du lambeau réussit parfaitement. Il est vrai qu’il se fit un gonflement très considérable, qui diminua à la vérité, mais qui, selon toute apparence, ne se dissipa jamais complètement. Examen critique. Si jamais procédé a mérité d’être blâmé, c’est bien celui de Blandin que nous venons de décrire; car il appartient à une époque où la chirurgie plastique avait fait en France de grands progrès, et on ne peut que déplorer le retour aux anciens errements dont il exprime les tendances. Pourquoi Blandin a-t-il choisi une voie qui ne peut que mener à côté du but? Or, ce procédé pèche par deux points : d’abord, un phénomène connu et qui a pris place dans la physiologie de la chirurgie plastique, c’est que des bandes étroites de peau ont une grande tendance à se gonfler considérablement après leur transplantation, tandis que d’un autre côté leurs bords se ratatinent. Ainsi les inconvénients dans ces opérations sont plus grands que leurs avantages; car, même dans les cas les plus heureux, il se produit une difformité nouvelle en remplacement de l’ancienne. En second lieu, un autre reproche qu’on est en droit de faire à l’opérateur, c’est d’avoir négligé l’emploi de la suture. Carron du Villard, dans son ouvrage déjà cité, relate deux cas que nous ne pouvons ranger parmi les opérations plastiques, contrairement à l’opinion de Zeis (voyez Manuel de Chirurgie plastique, p. 372); car dans les faits dont il s’agit il n’y a point eu de transposition cutanée, et tout le procédé a été simplement restaurateur et non plastique. Une courte relation de ces deux cas pourra convaincre le lecteur de la vérité de notre assertion. Une jeune dame de Lisbonne portait à la paupière inférieure gauche un ectropion considérable, occasionné par une perle de substance qui avait été la suite de l’usage inconsidéré de la potasse caustique, dont on s’était servi pour détruire une petite tumeur de mauvaise nature. Carron du Villards fendit la commissure externe de la paupière; à cet effet il introduisit un bistouri à plat sous l’angle externe de l’œil, suivant la méthode de Lisfranc; ensuite il tourna le tranchant de l’instrument en dehors et incisa la peau : il forma deux lambeaux, l’un supérieur, de petite dimension, l’autre inférieur, plus large, afin d’obtenir une perle de substance considérable et de pouvoir tirer la paupière vers l’extérieur, après l’avoir détachée de la conjonctive, et de pouvoir l’amener au niveau du rebord palpébral. Il la fixa ensuite par quelques points de suture au bord de la plaie et l’opération réussit parfaitement. Le second cas est relatif à une jeune fille qui s’était fait, dans son enfance, une blessure à l’œil avec un tesson de bouteille. Il en était résulté une perte partielle de substance et puis un ectropion considérable. Carron du Villards enleva la cicatrice de la difformité par une incision en forme de V et réunit les bords de la plaie par la suture de Dieffenbach. Procédé de Cunier (Annales et Bullet. de la Soc. de Médec. de Gand, t.VI, p. 458). Le 27 novembre 1836, cet auteur pratiqua l’opération suivante sur une dame de Bruxelles, qui avait depuis nombre d’années un ectropion de la paupière inférieure gauche, suite d’un ulcère à la face externe de la paupière. Il enleva la partie ulcérée par deux incisions pénétrant à travers toute l’épaisseur de la paupière et formant un triangle oblong, dont le sommet était dirigé vers la joue, et il redressa ensuite la paupière renversée. Après cela (fig. 197) il prolongea la commissure externe d’un demi-pouce jusqu’en d, et détacha le lambeau h, c, d ainsi formé. Cela fait, il sépara la peau palpébrale depuis le bord libre jusqu’au point e, détacha le lambeau triangulaire a, e, c, rapprocha les deux lambeaux devenus mobiles et réunit les bords par la suture entortillée. Examen critique. Ce procédé a du rapport avec l’excision cutanée proposée par d’Ammon pour la guérison de l’ectropion. La plaie produite par l’extirpation de l’ulcère fut comblée par la traction et non par la transposition ou la transplantation de la peau temporale, et Cunier suivit en cela le précepte de Dieffenbach, avec cette différence cependant qu’il n’allongea pas la peau qui devait subir la traction en la détachant de sa base. Procédé de Phillips (Annales de la Société de Médecine de Gand, 1858, p. 497, etc.). Une femme de cinquante-deux ans souffrait d’un ulcère carcinomateux du côté externe de l’une des deux paupières supérieures ; l’opération parut seule capable d’empêcher que le mal n’empêchât considérablement. Au moyen de ciseaux courbés sur leur plat, le docteur Phillips fit une incision en forme de croissant, depuis le bord et dans toute l’épaisseur de la paupière, et isola ainsi l’ulcère des parties saines; ensuite une incision droite, s’élevant à l’angle externe, alla toucher l’extrémité supérieure de l’incision semi-lunaire. Cela fait il enleva l’ulcère circonscrit par ces deux incisions, en pratiqua une autre dirigée horizontalement depuis l’angle externe jusqu’à la région temporale, et forma de cette manière un lambeau qu’il fut facile d’appliquer jusque sur le globe oculaire. Il réunit alors la plaie par trois points de suture et la réunion s’opéra parfaitement. (Voyez fig. 196.) Examen critique. Ce procédé constitue une heureuse application de la méthode de Dieffenbach au cas que nous venons de voir, et il indique clairement la manière dont cette opération peut être modifiée suivant la différence des cas spéciaux. Procédé de Paul Baroni (Novi Commentarii Academiae scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis, t. III, p. 435, etc.). Au printemps de l’année 1852, cet auteur eut occasion de traiter un homme affecté, à l’angle interne de l’œil gauche, d’un ulcère carcinomateux qui s’étendu en partie sur la paupière. Il extirpa le tissu ulcéré par deux incisions en forme de feuille de myrte (fig. 217,218), arrêta l’hémorrhagie, fit, à partir de l’angle interne de l’œil, un lambeau semblable à la perte de substance et le transposa sur la plaie de la paupière en l’y fixant par la suture entrecoupée (fig. 219). Cette opération réussit complètement et le malade fut renvoyé parfaitement guéri. Une seconde blepharoplastie fut pratiquée par Baroni au mois de février 1858, sur une femme qui portait à la paupière inférieure droite un élément très prononcé et des cicatrices vicieuses, avec perte de substance de la peau (fig. Il nous reste encore à parler d’un procédé que d'Amidon recommande pour les cas où il s’agit de restaurer par transplantation cutanée la partie de la paupière supérieure la plus voisine du nez. Lorsqu’il se trouve un ulcère carcinomateux à l’endroit désigné (voyez Exposition clinique des maladies de l’œil humain, par d’Amidon, tome II, 1839, pl. VII, fig. 2), il faut l’enlever par une excision triangulaire, dont la base corresponde au bord palpébral, et, à partir du sommet de cette plaie, dirigée vers le bord orbitaire, on détache jusque près de son pédicule un lambeau, soit de la peau formant la glabelle, soit de la peau frontale. Par une transposition latérale on introduit ce lambeau triangulaire dans la perte de substance faite à la paupière, et on réunit les bords par la suture entortillée. On rapproche la plaie frontale par des bandelettes d’emplâtre agglutinatif, après avoir enlevé à sa base un lambeau en forme de "v", qui, sans cette précaution, donnerait lieu à des inégalités (voyez fig. 223 à 225). Dans cette opération il faut cependant veiller, avec un soin scrupuleux, à ce que le lambeau frontal transplanté s’ajuste exactement dans la fente artificielle de la paupière supérieure et qu’au bord tarsien il dépasse un peu le moignon du tarse lui-même. Cette précaution est nécessaire, vu que, le lambeau éprouvant ordinairement du retrait peu de temps après sa transplantation, il se produirait un colobome qui défigurerait la paupière. Il vaut mieux, sans doute, donner la préférence à la méthode de Dieffenbach, dans la plupart des cas qui exigent l’extirpation d’un lambeau triangulaire plus ou moins grand à la partie interne de la paupière supérieure et voisine de l’œil, et qui indiquent ainsi une transplantation cutanée. Cependant il peut se présenter des cas où il serait utile de transposer la peau frontale à l’angle interne de l’œil, et nous rangeons surtout parmi ces cas le carcinome des paupières. Lorsque le tissu carcinomateux se trouve enlevé, le lambeau transplanté présente un double but : il rétablit la perte de substance et modifie l’action organique dans les tissus affectés. Avant de terminer le chapitre de la blepharoplastie partielle, nous devons aussi faire mention de la méthode de Dieffenbach. Destinée d’abord par son inventeur à la restauration de la paupière entière, cette méthode présente des avantages particuliers qui la rendent propre à être adaptée à la blepharoplastie partielle; c’est ce que des expériences faites dans les derniers temps par Dieffenbach, d’Almon, Fricke, etc., ont suffisamment constaté. Mais pour ne pas tomber dans des répétitions fastidieuses, nous ne décrirons qu’une seule fois la méthode dont il s’agit, et cela dans le chapitre suivant. CHAPITRE XIII. BLÉPHAROPLASTIE TOTALE. 1° Méthode de blepharoplastie totale de Dieffenbach (Joarn. d’Ophthalm. de d’Ammon, tome XV, cahier 3; Joarn. hebdom. de toute la Science médicale, par Casper, N° 1, 1835, p. 8 et s.; Annales de la Médecine physiologique, par Broussais et Labat, sept. 1834). Lorsqu’il s’agit de restaurer une paupière supérieure ou inférieure détruite, Dieffenbach fait d’abord une incision dirigée dans le sens du bord orbitaire supérieur ou inférieur, afin de détacher la conjonctive palpebrale, qui forme ordinairement alors, lorsqu’elle subsiste encore, une espèce de rabat, ou bien qui s’y produit sous cet aspect; il la détache de cette manière et la pose sur le globe de l’œil. Puis il commence l’opération proprement dite en enlevant, au moyen d’un petit bistouri, un lambeau triangulaire dont la base doit toujours correspondre à l’œil, tandis que le sommet en est dirigé dans le sens contraire (fig. 226, a, b). Par cette excision triangulaire on prépare le terrain qui doit recevoir le lambeau restaurateur; mais, pendant toutes ces manœuvres, il faut veiller avec un soin scrupuleux à ne léser aucune des ramifications nerveuses qui sont très multipliées dans les régions orbitaires. Ce temps préparatoire achevé, on pratique, pour la paupière inférieure, comme pour la paupière supérieure, une incision horizontale, dirigée du haut de l’arcade zygomatique jusqu’au-dessus du méat auditif externe. On commence l’incision là où se trouverait le canal externe des paupières, à moins qu’à cet endroit ne corresponde le côté externe de la base de la plaie cutanée triangulaire, produite par l’enlèvement de la peau (fig. 226, c, d). Cette incision doit avoir plus de largeur que la plus grande dimension de la fente des paupières; car c’est là précisément qu’on doit enlever la partie cutanée destinée à fournir le bord de la paupière nouvelle (fig. 226,c, d). De l’extrémité de cette incision (fig. (290) coup de prudence et de netteté ce lambeau de toute la couche graisseuse qu’il recouvre, en ayant soin d’épargner les petites ramifications nerveuses qui s’y trouvent en grand nombre. Dans la blepharoplastie inférieure, ce lambeau se trouve dirigé en dehors et en bas ; dans la blepharoplastie supérieure, il est en haut et en dehors (fig. 229). Lorsque l’hémorrhagie est arrêtée, on enlève tout le sang caillé qui se trouve à la surface interne, et on pousse le lambeau de dehors en dedans, de manière que pour la paupière inférieure son côté interne (fig. 226) soit mis en contact avec la surface de l’incision a, b ce qui fait qu’il recouvre tout à fait la perte de substance (fig. 227). Pour la paupière supérieure, on opère de la même manière; ainsi on recule le côté interne du lambeau (fig. 228) jusqu’en a, b, et il arrive que cette partie, transposée de dedans en dehors, recouvre l’œil d’une manière si naturelle que la paupière nouvelle représente tout à fait ce voile dans son état normal (fig. 227, 229). Cependant, les moyens de fixer le lambeau transposé exigent des soins particuliers. On commence cette partie de l’opération à l’angle interne de l’œil par un point de suture entrecoupée ordinaire; ensuite, au moyen d’un fil de soie fine on ourle la conjonctive libre autour du côté tarsien de la paupière nouvelle (fig. 227, e) ; puis on achève de fixer la paupière à la surface interne au moyen d’épingles de Dieffenbach (fig. 227). Pour l’angle externe de l’œil (fig. 227, c, d) on n’emploie pas de sutures : on se contente d’y coller le côté externe du lambeau transposé. On recouvre de charpie et de bandelettes d’emplâtre agglutinateur la perte de substance triangulaire faite à côté de la paupière nouvelle, supérieure ou inférieure (fig. 227, e, a, d; fig. 229, a, c, d). S’il se forme de la suppuration dans le cours du traitement, le pus peut s’écouler par le bord de la plaie (fig. 227, c, a, d) pour la paupière inférieure, et par son bord (fig. 229, c, a, d) pour la paupière supérieure. Il faut appliquer les bandelettes d’emplâtre agglutinateur de telle manière qu’elles maintiennent suffisamment la paupière dans son état naturel contre le globe oculaire. Le traitement de cette espèce de blepharoplasie ne se distingue en aucune façon de tout autre traitement morphoplastique. Examen critique. Le grand avantage de la méthode que nous venons de décrire est de pouvoir servir à toutes les pertes de substance des paupières, et ainsi non seulement elle est propre à restaurer des paupières difformes, mais encore à former des paupières tout à fait nouvelles et intimement unies à la peau faciale, n’ayant aucune disposition à se retrousser et en tout semblables aux paupières naturelles. Que la difformité se trouve à l’angle interne ou externe, ou au milieu, que les téguments soient seuls dégénérés ou que les muscles, les cartilages et la muqueuse le soient en même temps, on réussira toujours par la méthode de Dieffenbach à restaurer la mutilation d’une manière simple et facile. Un autre avantage inappréciable, inhérent à cette méthode, c’est qu’elle permet de prendre le lambeau là où la cicatrisation ne peut pas nuire au succès de l’opération, ce qui ne doit plus faire craindre un ecleropion artificiel, ainsi que cela est arrivé par exemple dans le cas de De Graefe que nous avons rapporté plus haut. Le seul reproche qu’on puisse alléguer contre ce procédé, c’est que la paupière nouvelle, manquant de tarse, ne peut pas toujours être maintenue dans une position naturelle. Cependant l’expérience a appris que, dans la majorité des cas, elle possède assez de force et d’épaisseur pour se maintenir par elle-même. En outre, nous devons à d’Ajimont une modification apportée à cette méthode; elle a pour but de ménager la formation d’une petite portion de tarse. Quant à la mobilité de la paupière, elle ne semble pas tout à fait perdue, même dans les cas où tout le muscle orbiculaire s’est trouvé détruit, vu que les muscles faciaux voisins le remplacent en quelque sorte. Le même avantage se présente pour le cours des larmes, car le sillon qui les conduit de l’angle externe à l’angle interne reste ordinairement intact eu égard à la conservation de la conjonctive palpebrale. Lorsque cette dernière manque entièrement, on peut encore maintenir le cours des larmes en joignant convenablement la paupière au globe de l’œil. Lorsque l’extirpation d’un des points lacrymaux est également devenue nécessaire, l’autre le remplace dans sa fonction d’absorption, et s’ils viennent à manquer tous deux, cette fonction se fait par les conduits de Zinn. Les cas suivants pourront, en quelque sorte, servir de pièces justificatives, afin de constater les brillants résultats de la méthode de Dieffenbach. « M. Lisfranc m’a fait voir un homme, nommé Lucien Masey, âgé de quarante-huit ans, dit Dieffenbach dans le Journal hebdomadaire de Casper, N° 1, 1855, p. 8; la paupière inférieure gauche de cet individu avait été détruite par une dégénérescence carcinomateuse de cette partie. Par l’effet de la cicatrisation, ce qui restait de la conjonctive avait été tiré en bas; cette partie formait une surface luisante, d’un rouge de feu, entourée au loin de cicatrices calleuses, inégales. L'œil qui ne pouvait être recouvert qu’à moitié par la pauprière supérieure, était rouge et présentait plusieurs vaisseaux fortement injectés. Au moyen d’un bistouri effilé, je fis d’abord une incision en forme de croissant, à travers la conjonctive et dans la direction du bord orbitaire inférieur. Je saisis ensuite, au moyen d’une pince à crochets, le bord de la conjonctive, large de trois lignes, et le détachai jusqu’au globe de l’œil. Après cela, je pratiquai une autre incision descendant obliquement depuis l’angle interne de l’œil jusqu’à l’os zygomatique, puis une troisième incision ayant son point de départ à l’angle externe de l’œil et se joignant inférieurement à la seconde incision par un angle aigu. Ces trois coupes formaient un triangle un peu allongé, dont la pointe était dirigée en bas et la base en haut. Les masses cicatrisées et dégénérées, circonscrites par ce triangle, furent extirpées. Après en avoir agi ainsi, je fis une longue incision horizontale, dirigée de l’angle externe de l’œil jusqu’à la tempe, et puis de là une autre descendant obliquement en avant. Ensuite je détachai ce lambeau oblique de sa base en dirigeant le bistouri à plat, sans enlever la couche graisseuse, et je m’attachai d’abord à arrêter l’hémorrhagie qui était assez considérable. Je tirai alors le lambeau de l’endroit qu’il occupait vers la plaie triangulaire pratiquée sous l’œil, et j’attachai son bord antérieur au bord correspondant de la plaie, au moyen d’un certain nombre d’aiguilles fines; ce bord de la plaie avait préalablement été détaché de sa base, à la distance d’une ligne. La suture supérieure fut appliquée à l’endroit où s’étaient trouvés le point lacrymal et le canal du même nom. Par quatre petits points de suture entrecoupés, je réunis le bord de la conjonctive au bord supérieur du lambeau, et la paupière nouvelle obtint ainsi une forme satisfaisante. La plaie de la tempe, produite par le déplacement du lambeau triangulaire, fut remplie de charpie, et plusieurs bandelettes étroites d’emplâtre agglutinatif furent appliquées par-dessus le tout, afin de comprimer suffisamment le lambeau et d’empêcher qu’il ne se formât des dépôts au-dessous. Le malade fut soumis à un régime sévère; partout où j’avais appliqué des sutures, il y eut réunion par première intention, et la conjonctive même adhéra immédiatement à la peau. Quelques jours après, je pus enlever les fils. La plaie temporale se remplit bientôt de granulations et se cicatrisa. Comme le dernier point de cette plaie tardait à se fermer, je l’extirpai en même temps que la partie la plus épaisse de la cicatrice, et je réunis les bords saignants par quelques épingles à insectes. Toute l’opération eut un succès favorable et complet. Un second cas très-intéressant est dû à la pratique de d’Ammon : il est d’autant plus important, que par l’opération on restaura non seulement la majeure partie de la paupière inférieure, mais encore une partie de la paupière supérieure, là où elles forment l’angle externe de l’œil.—La femme Büttner, indigente, âgée de quarante ans, était depuis six ans atteinte d’un ulcère carcinomateux à l’angle externe de l’œil droit. Cet ulcère s’était étendu d’abord lentement; mais plus tard il avait fait de grands progrès, au point qu’il ne restait plus à l’angle externe de l’œil qu’un tiers de la paupière qui fût sain. La paupière supérieure aussi était ulcérée au côté externe dans une étendue assez considérable. {Fig. 230 a, b, c.) Le 23 février 1835, d’Ammon opéra de la manière suivante et d’après la méthode de Dieffenbach : — Sous l’angle externe du tissu dégénéré, il glissa une sonde sur laquelle il se guida pour diviser les téguments de la partie saine de la paupière, de façon que l’incision circonscrivît tous les tissus malades ; il réunit alors les incisions en un seul point, à la partie supérieure de la joue, et enleva complètement ce qui se trouvait dans l’espace qu’elles cernaient. En ce moment, la figure présentait un aspect horrible, car il manquait une grande partie de la paupière supérieure à l’angle externe de l’œil ; et comme après l’incision, la paupière inférieure avait pris un grand retrait et s’était retirée jusque dans l’angle de l’œil, le globe oculaire se trouva totalement mis à découvert vers sa partie inférieure (fig. 251, a, b, c, d). C’était le moment de commencer la blepharoplastie, afin de remplir la double indication de restaurer une partie des paupières supérieure et inférieure. Dans ce but, d’Amidon procéda d’abord à la restauration de la paupière inférieure, en faisant dans la peau une incision longue d’un peu plus de deux pouces, dirigée de l’angle de l’œil jusque vers l’oreille; à partir de l’extrémité de cette incision, il en fit une autre qui descendait obliquement sur la joue. Le lambeau, ainsi circonscrit, fut détaché avec précaution, mais rapidement. Il ne fut pas nécessaire de lier des vaisseaux, quoique l’hémorrhagie fût forte. Après avoir enlevé tout le sang coagulé, d’Amidon attacha le lambeau au petit rudiment de l’ancienne paupière qu’il avait conservé, supérieurement par la suture entrecoupée ordinaire, inférieurement par des épingles à insectes. Quant à la partie conservée de la conjonctive, il fut possible de la ramener plus ou moins complètement en avant et de l’attacher au bord supérieur de la paupière nouvelle, quoique cette opération causât de grandes douleurs à la malade. La difformité occasionnée par l’extirpation de la paupière inférieure, avait déjà, en ce moment, complètement disparu ; car le lambeau couvrait la partie inférieure du globe oculaire, sous la forme d’une paupière nouvelle; sa couleur devint bleue à un très faible degré, mais elle reprit son premier état, lorsque, un instant après, on employa des fomentations froides. Tout cependant n’était pas encore terminé ; car une partie de la paupière supérieure ayant aussi été enlevée, l’opération que nous venons de décrire ne suffisait pas encore. Comme la perle de substance de la paupière supérieure n’avait cependant pas une étendue considérable, il parut préférable de ramener la peau palpebrale extérieure sur le tarse en partie extirpé et en partie dénudé, et de la réunir à la conjonctive par des points de suture, mais de manière à éviter une transplantation cutanée pour restaurer cette difformité qui n’en valait pas la peine. Cette opération réussit parfaitement : la nouvelle partie était devenue de suite presque semblable à une paupière naturelle, à la seule différence cependant qu’elle était privée de cils à sa partie externe ; aujourd’hui, que tout est guéri, on ne découvre plus aucune trace de difformité.—L’opération fut terminée par la formation d’un nouvel angle oculaire externe, effectuée au moyen de quelques épingles à insectes, en réunissant la partie externe de la paupière nouvelle par son bord supérieur à l’autre paupière, restaurée par la réunion de la peau et de la conjonctive. Le troisième jour de l’opération, on put déjà retirer quelques épingles, et à la fin du quatrième toutes avaient été extraites; non seulement toutes les plaies s’étaient fermées par première intention, mais encore le lambeau était parfaitement adhérent, il était même uni et n’éprouvait pas le moindre retrait. Au reste, la plaie de la joue se cicatrisa au moyen d’une bonne granulation. L’opération avait été très-douloureuse pour la malade et fort pénible pour le chirurgien, mais lestement exécutée, son résultat fut très-satisfaisant. La paupière inférieure, reformée en majeure partie, et la paupière supérieure, dont l’angle externe avait été compris dans l’excision, ne laissèrent rien à désirer, sinon que cet angle s’écartait un peu de l’œil en formant un léger ectropion. Le 11 mars, six jours après l’opération, d'Aiumon enleva un petit lambeau triangulaire à l’angle externe de l’œil, et réunit de nouveau la plaie par quatre épingles, afin de relever davantage la paupière inférieure. Le même jour il extirpa une petite cicatrice cutanée proéminente, dans un point où le lambeau s’était trop avancé de dehors en dedans, et il réunit les bords de la plaie par la suture entortillée. Ces opérations supplémentaires furent également suivies du plus beau succès; déjà, dès le second jour, deux points de suture furent enlevés, et les deux autres le furent le troisième. Après cette modification, le résultat ne laissa plus rien à désirer : la malade reprit un aspect tellement semblable à celui d’une personne saine, que l’œil seul d’un connaisseur aurait pu distinguer les traces des opérations qu’elle avait subies. {Fig. 255.) Le carcinome n’a plus reparu depuis l’opération, et la paupière artificielle n’a pas éprouvé la moindre altération. Comme le tiers interne de la paupière avait pu être conservé, et que les tiers moyen et externe avaient seuls eu besoin d'être refaits, il était resté une partie du muscle orbiculaire, qui donnait à la paupière nouvelle une certaine mobilité qui ajoutait encore à l'illusion. Le cas suivant, qui appartient à d’Ammon et qui a été décrit très-complètement dans le Journ. d’Ophtalmolog. de d’Ammon, t. VII, p. 312, démontre les services que la méthode de Dieffenbach peut rendre dans la formation de la paupière supérieure. (Voyez fig. 34, 97, 234, 235, 236, 257, 258, 259, 240 et 241.) — La femme S., des environs de Leipzig, offrait la difformité suivante, occasionnée par une carie de l’orbite et par des ulcérations des paupières et de la peau faciale, résultant de cette altération osseuse : la paupière supérieure était détruite dans sa plus grande étendue, et depuis le point lacrymal jusqu’à la commissure externe, elle se présentait comme une trame boursouflée, demi-circulaire, entourant l’œil en forme de couronne. De plus, cette paupière était tellement ratatinée, que la conjonctive dégénérée s’était recoquillée en dehors. À cause de l’ulcération de la peau et de l’absence du bord orbitaire supérieur, la région sourcilière n’était formée que par le commencement et l’extrémité de la paupière supérieure détruite et rétractée. Le bord du tarse ne formait plus qu’une masse dentelée. L’angle interne des paupières était épaissi et boursouflé, par suite de la tuméfaction et de l’engorgement du sac lacrymal ; la caroncule lacrymale était rouge et la paupière inférieure formait un ectropion complet. Or, la méthode de Dieffenbach était la seule qui pût promettre un succès réel, vu la dégénérescence du tarse et l’absence totale de la paupière supérieure. Le 17 août 1855, d’Ammon entra prit l’opération de la manière suivante : il commença par inciser et détacher le lambeau à la région temporale, coupa les adhérences de la paupière supérieure rétrécie, forma ainsi une plaie triangulaire, et après avoir vainement essayé de conserver une partie de la conjonctive, attacha, par la suture de Dieffenbach, au bord interne de cette perte de substance, le lambeau pris dans la région temporale et transposé à la place de la paupière. Ainsi se trouva achevée la blepharoplastie supérieure. Alors, il procéda à la restauration de l’autre paupière : il s’agissait surtout de réduire l’ectropion sarcomateux partiel. La plaie considérable produite sur la tempe par l’enlèvement du lambeau, fut recouverte de charpie, et on y appliqua des fomentations froides au moyen d’une compresse grande et épaisse. Les jours suivants, il se manifesta dans le lambeau transposé une certaine turgescence, qui ferma presque entièrement la fente des paupières. Le pus qui s’était amassé sur l’œil fut enlevé par de nombreuses injections d’eau tiède. Tous les points de suture ayant été enlevés le troisième et le quatrième jour, il se trouva que la réunion par première intention n’avait pas réussi au côté interne de la région sourcilière. On eut donc recours à des bandelettes d’emplâtre agglutinatif anglais, qui procurèrent enfin une adhésion complète. À la légion temporale, la plaie se couvrit d’une bonne granulation. Mais le sixième jour, il se manifesta subitement à la région du sac lacrymal une tumeur inflammatoire, sur laquelle on appliqua des cataplasmes émollients : ouverte le lendemain, il en sortit beaucoup de pus, et l’inflammation consécutive du sac lacrymal cessa ensuite. En même temps, la granulation de la plaie temporale et la réunion de l’angle externe de la paupière nouvelle marchaient rapidement. Mais comme la fente des paupières se raccourcissait considérablement à la suite de cette réunion, d’Ammon fendit l’angle externe jusqu’au bord orbitaire, et comme il y avait absence de conjonctive, il plaça de la charpie entre les bords de cette plaie. Il lui fallut renouveler cette opération au mois de novembre, parce qu’une nouvelle adhérence s’était formée; mais au lieu d’en fendre simplement l’angle, il extirpa un lambeau longitudinal. Après cela, l’angle externe ne laissant plus rien à désirer, la nouvelle paupière approcha de plus en plus de sa forme normale. Au mois d’octobre, d’Ammon refit à la malade un nouveau nez au moyen de la peau frontale ; il se développba alors un érysipèle traumatique, qui, en s’étendant jusque sur la paupière nouvelle, contribua à dissiper entièrement le léger gonflement œdémateux qu’elle conservait encore. Au mois de mars de l’année suivante, d’Ammon trouva par continuation la paupière en bon état; son bord, qui s’était un peu renversé en dedans, couvrait le globe oculaire sans l’irriter. Il existait cependant un inconvénient : la paupière adhérait à la partie supérieure de l’œil, parce qu’on n’avait pas eu de conjonctive pour recouvrir la surface interne du lambeau; mais cette circonstance n’empêchait ni ses mouvements, ni sa nutrition d’avoir lieu. Au deuxième mois, elle commença à se retirer de plus en plus sur elle-même et à se raccourcir dans sa direction perpendiculaire, surtout vers son milieu; peu de temps après elle ne put plus recouvrir la partie proéminente du globe oculaire, mais elle demeura sur la cornée sous forme de coussinet. Le renversement du bord tarsien en dedans fut cause qu’il se fit un pli à peu de distance au-dessus; et c’est de là qu’était provenu le retrait de la paupière. En même temps que ce raccourcissement avait lieu (la fig. 256 explique clairement cet état), la surface interne de la paupière artificielle adhéra de plus en plus à la conjonctive oculaire. Un lien organique établit cette adhérence, et avec d’autant plus de facilité que la conjonctive du globe sécrétait une matière d’un blanc jaunâtre. C’était à l’épaisseur de cette membrane qu’était due cette sécrétion, par suite de laquelle la cornée commença aussi à perdre de son éclat. Quoique l’opérée fût sévèrement astreinte à baisser fréquemment la paupière supérieure et à laver souvent l’œil avec de l’eau tiède, le rétrécissement de la paupière et l’adhérence de sa surface interne marchèrent de pair; de son côté, la cornée devint de plus en plus opaque, de sorte qu’il se déclara un léger degré de xérophthalmie. À cette époque l’opérée mourut d’une hépatite qui se termina par suppuration. Modification de la méthode de Dieffenbach par d’Ammon. Ce qui précède vint constater aux yeux de d’Ammon qu’une paupière supérieure, formée d’après la méthode de Dieffenbach, ne peut être maintenue dans sa position naturelle, parce qu’elle manque de tarse; que de plus, elle a une tendance à se rétrécir et à se renverser en dedans. Il put donc se convaincre qu’en appliquant cette méthode, il faut toujours chercher à conserver la conjonctive, même lorsqu’elle est malade, ainsi qu’une partie du tarse; la première pour laisser à la conjonctive oculaire son tégument naturel, c’est-à-dire une muqueuse; le second pour assurer à la paupière un bord tarsien véritable qui ne permette ni sa rétraction, ni son renversement en dedans. Ce n’était qu’en remplissant ces deux conditions qu’il pouvait espérer de prévenir les tristes accidents qu’avait affectés le cas de la femme Schneider. Il est même important de conserver, en tout état de choses, la conjonctive malade, alors boursouflée et épaissie, et telle qu’on la rencontre dans la totalité des cas qui réclament la blepharoplastie; en effet, plus que toute autre membrane, elle a plus d’homogénéité avec la conjonctive de l’œil dont elle doit constituer le tégument, et l’on peut espérer qu’adhérant à la paupière nouvelle, replacée dans sa position naturelle et par conséquent soustraite aux influences extérieures, elle reviendra de plus en plus à son état normal. À cet effet, d’Ammon a proposé, pour tous les cas où il s’agit de refaire une paupière supérieure par transposition de la peau temporale, de commencer l’opération en formant par circonscription le bord palpébral de la nouvelle paupière, là où se trouve la limite des débris palpébraux (fig. 240). Après avoir atteint ce but, l’opérateur doit détacher la conjonctive autant que possible, afin que le bord en puisse être suffisamment étendu et placé assez bas pour occuper sa position naturelle et avoir une longueur convenable. (Fig. 241.) Dès-lors on commence l’excision du lambeau triangulaire, on dispose l’endroit qui doit le recevoir, et l’on termine l’opération d’après les règles déjà indiquées. (Fig. 240 et 241.) Lorsqu’on détache le lambeau restaurateur, il faut faire en sorte, en le mesurant d’une manière précise, que son bord inférieur s’ajuste exactement sur la surface interne du bord tarsien, formé par la circonscription du reste de la paupière et par la séparation de la conjonctive. Pour le fixer à ce bord il faut procéder avec les plus grandes précautions, tantôt au moyen de la suture entrecoupée, tantôt au moyen de celle de Dieffenbach. Le cas suivant est relatif à un premier essai de ce procédé. (Fig. 201.) Un ouvrier de fabrique, âgé de quarante ans, étant occupé à triturer un mélange d’antimoine, de soufre et de chlorure de potasse, vit survenir tout à coup une explosion par suite de laquelle il eut le visage horriblement brûlé. L’inflammation et l’altération des couches superficielles et profondes de la peau faciale qui en avaient été le résultat, avaient amené un changement pathologique dans la nutrition et dans la disposition des paupières et avaient produit la destruction presque complète des cils, si ce n’est à l’œil gauche où il s’en trouvait un petit nombre dont la forme et la direction étaient altérées. L’œil droit présentait une dégénérescence des bords tarsiens, ainsi qu’un ectropion supérieur et inférieur; à l’angle externe, une excroissance en forme de pointe, se dirigeant vers le globe de l’œil, recouvrait une partie de la cornée et de la sclérotique, et unissait fortement l’œil au canon externe, de sorte qu’il y existait une espèce particulière de symblépharon, nommée par D’Ainaion Syncanthus externus. (Exposition clinique des maladies de l’œil humain, 1839; in-folio, t. III, Berl., p. 16.) La même chose avait lieu à l’œil gauche [fig.]; seulement le syncanthus ou adhérence du globe et du canon oculaire se trouvait au côté interne; il était produit par une membrane analogue au tissu cutané, dont une portion triangulaire recouvrait la caroncule lacrymale et une grande partie de l’angle interne, et qui allait de là vers la cornée et la sclérotique. Le malade se trouvait dans un triste état; il ne pouvait diriger ses yeux vers aucun des deux côtés opposés, car le globe oculaire étant toujours tourné vers un seul point, à cause de l’adhérence de l’angle externe (à l’œil droit), et de celle de l’angle interne (à l’œil gauche), les deux yeux n’exécutaient qu’un léger mouvement vers la droite. Dès que le malade se présenta à lui, d’Amuion remarqua qu’il ne pouvait rejoindre les paupières d’aucun œil; il attribua au syncanthus l’immobilité presque absolue des paupières, et reconnut que les téguments cutanés étaient tout à fait raides et indurés autour de la fente de ces voiles. Il crut donc pouvoir guérir le patient ou du moins le soulager en employant la méthode de Dieffenbach modifiée. Son idée était d’enlever aux téguments généraux, fortement indurés, un lambeau triangulaire dont la base serait en bas et le sommet en haut ; en même temps il devait laisser le bord de la paupière intact. Après cela, voulant commencer par l’œil gauche, il se proposait de circonscrire le syncanthus, en conservant l’adhérence du lambeau au globe oculaire et en débarrassant ainsi ce dernier de la bride incommode qui le tenait toujours dirigé en dedans. Il n’avait qu’à suivre en cela les indications fournies par l’état de l’angle de l’œil. 201.) Pour empêcher, pendant le traitement, qu’il ne se formât de nouvelles adhérences, il avait l’intention de passer un lacet dans la partie de peau conservée sur le globe oculaire et isolée par les incisions; il se proposait par là de tirer ainsi l’œil vers l’extérieur, et de le détacher plus tard, autant que possible, du lambeau membraneux qui y était adhérent. Le malade consentit à tout. D’Ammon commença l’opération par une incision transversale, afin de détacher la peau le long du bord de la paupière supérieure retroussée; il forma ainsi une base, à laquelle il fit aboutir deux autres incisions ascendantes, qui se joignaient à deux pouces plus haut, de sorte que de leur réunion avec la première il résultait un triangle. La peau indurée, située à l’intérieur de ce triangle, fut entièrement enlevée, de telle façon cependant que le bord tarsien et la conjonctive demeurassent intacts. Après cela, l’opérateur détacha de leur base les bords internes de la peau qui entourait la perte de substance triangulaire, afin qu’il lui devînt possible de rendre plus libre inférieurement le bord de la paupière que la dégénérescence de la peau avait tirée en haut et retroussée; il chercha en même temps à gagner par là le plus de place possible pour faire la transposition latérale sur une plus grande étendue. Dans cette séparation il remarqua que l’incision du syncapneumonie n’avait pas rendu à l’œil la liberté de ses mouvements, mais qu’en plusieurs endroits, vers le haut et vers l’angle externe, il était si fortement adhérent à l’orbite qu’il était complètement immobile. La division de ces adhérences ne pouvait être pratiquée qu’incomplètement; cependant, en opérant cette division, il rendit au globe un peu de mobilité. Après quoi, l’opérateur commença à détacher le lambeau temporal qui devait être transposé. Pour cela il fit latéralement une incision vers la région temporale, et la prolongea supérieurement de la manière indiquée par Dieffenbach. Il détacha le lambeau du lieu où il était implanté, jusqu’à l’endroit de sa communication avec la peau frontale, et le transposa latéralement dans la place qui lui avait été préparée par l’extirpation triangulaire. Après avoir arrêté l’hémorrhagie, il le fixa dans cette position au moyen d’épingles à insectes et de points de suture simple. Ces derniers temps de l’opération, qui consistaient à transposer et à fixer le lambeau, marchèrent fort bien. Après que tout fut terminé, on appliqua des fomentations froides. La réaction fut très-violente. Il se déclara une inflammation érysipélateuse dans le lambeau transposé et dans les parties voisines, ce qui empêcha en partie la réunion immédiate d’avoir lieu ; ensuite il se forma un grand abcès, et ce ne fut qu’au bout de trois semaines que le lambeau transplanté se trouva réuni complètement par voie de granulation. L’endroit où on avait pris le lambeau fut rapidement garni par un bourgeonnement abondant. Cet état inflammatoire et suppuratif provenant certainement de ce que la transposition avait été faite dans un endroit qui avait beaucoup souffert d’une brûlure profonde et qui ne jouissait pas d’une vitalité complète; il avait eu pour résultat de diminuer considérablement l’étendue du lambeau transplanté; et bien que ce lambeau eût été fort grand, la paupière nouvelle éprouva néanmoins trop de retrait et il survint, de plus, un ectropion. Malheureusement l’œil contracta de nouvelles adhérences avec le bord orbitaire interne, malgré les plus grands soins qu’on avait pris pour le tenir dirigé en dehors. Plus tard, il se forma aussi des adhérences à la surface de l’angle interne des paupières dans la région de la caroncule lacrymale. La tension incommode qui avait antérieurement existé à la région palpébrale supérieure, avait diminué. Nous mentionnerons encore une autre modification de la méthode de Dieffenbach, récemment proposée par Chelius (voyez son Manuel d’Ophthalmologie, t. II, p. 166, et Journ. mens. de d’Ammon, t. I, p. 420) elle consiste à réunir par la suture la plaie latérale produite par l’enlèvement de la peau et à ne pas attendre que la cicatrisation se fasse naturellement par granulation. Chelius a déjà employé lui-même cette modification et obtenu une guérison des plus rapides et des plus belles. Il recommande la réunion de la plaie par la suture, par la raison que si on la laisse granuler comme le fait Dieffenbach, la cicatrisation produit une rétraction de ses bords, qui altère toujours la forme et la position du lambeau et qui occasionne ainsi une difformité de la paupière nouvelle. L’expérience apprend cependant qu’il n’en est pas ainsi, car la plaie guérit vite et bien par la voie des granulations, et souvent la guérison s’opère d’une manière si satisfaisante que la cicatrice est assez unie et assez mobile pour servir sans difficulté à une nouvelle transplantation, ainsi que le dit d’Ajimon dans l'histoire de la femme Schneider. Néanmoins le procédé de Chelius mérite d’être employé dans tous les cas où l’on peut réunir au moyen de points de suture, sans produire de tiraillement dans le lambeau transplanté. Il faut bien faire attention qu’on n’obtient de contact immédiat qu’autant qu’on a enlevé inférieurement ou supérieurement un lambeau triangulaire, à la base de la plaie pour la blepharoplastie supérieure, et au sommet pour la blepharoplastie inférieure. Lorsque dans le procédé de Chelius l’exsudation plastique ne produit pas la réunion et qu’il s’établit une sécrétion purulente, il n’y a pas de voie pour l’écoulement de cette matière et il se forme immanquablement un abcès. Beck pratiqua plusieurs fois la blepharoplastie à Fribourg, toujours avec succès et sans s’écarter notablement de la méthode de Dieffenbach. Dans l’un des cas, l’opération fut motivée par un ulcère carcinomateux fongueux, qui occupait l’angle interne de l’œil, d’où il étendait son action destructrice et se répandait sur toute la paupière inférieure. Cette opération réussit parfaitement; elle détruisit un mal qui semblait, à la vérité, n’avoir été que local, mais qui eût certes occasionné de très-grandes destructions si l’on n’avait eu recours à cette opération : rien ne put être conservé de la conjonctive palpebrale pour ouvrir le bord. — Un autre malade de Beck, un garçon de 9 ans, fut opéré conjointement avec M. le professeur Schworer. Voici la description de cette opération : Par une incision courbe, commençant à l’angle externe de l’œil, on débarrassa la paupière supérieure d’une dégénérescence accompagnée d’excroissance fongueuse; on fit une autre incision, commençant à l’angle externe et se prolongeant supérieurement au-dessus des sourcils. On avait ainsi isolé un lambeau en forme de languette, qui s’élevait au-dessus de l’orbite par un angle obtus, et dont la largeur était suffisante pour combler la perte de substance. À l’angle externe de l’œil le lambeau demeura en contact avec le reste de la peau. Plus tard on obtint aussi avec succès la guérison d’un léger colobome qui avait suivi la blepharoplastie. Il faut considérer comme une autre modification de la méthode de Dieffenbach l’opération pratiquée par le docteur Burow, à Königsberg. Une carie de l’orbite et de l’os zygomatique avait enlevé les parties extérieures et voisines de l’œil et la partie supérieure de la joue gauche, de sorte qu’il ne s’y trouvait que du tissu de cicatrice. Plus de la moitié de la paupière inférieure était entièrement détruite; le peu de substance conservée à l’angle interne, était dégénérée et renversée fort bas par un ectropion. La paupière supérieure était, à son angle externe, fortement tiraillée en bas; l’espace situé entre l’angle externe et la partie conservée de la paupière inférieure, présentait un large ulcère. Comme la partie interne de la paupière inférieure existait encore quoiqu’elle fut déplacée, Burow apporta une modification à la méthode de Dieffenbach, en empruntant le lambeau restaurateur à la joue au lieu de la région temporale, et en laissant subsister le pédicule destiné à entretenir la nutrition des parties, non pas inférieurement, mais à l’angle interne de l’œil. Il transposa donc le lambeau de bas en haut, après avoir d’abord enlevé une portion considérable de la conjonctive dégénérée. Il avait un quart de pouce de plus en longueur que la fente palpébral, et pour cette raison il fallut enlever une assez grande quantité de peau à l’angle externe de la paupière. Par là, l’opérateur gagna une nouvelle surface saignante, sur laquelle l’extrémité du lambeau pouvait se reposer et contre les bords de laquelle on pouvait fixer ceux du lambeau : ce qui s’effectua au moyen de la suture entortillée. La guérison fut parfaite, et bien qu’on eût à craindre le développement d’un ectropion nouveau, il n’en survint pas. Le docteur Ponfick, de Francfort-sur-Main, ne fut pas aussi heureux. Il pratiqua la blepharoplastie pour un ectropion très-considérable, survenu à la suite d’un érysipèle de la face qui s’était terminé par gangrène. A cet effet, il fit une incision profonde, parallèle au bord palpébral renversé, remplaça la paupière malade et combla la plaie en y transposant une bande cutanée prise dans la région temporale. SECTION QUATRIÈME. CANTHOPLASTIE. SUPPLÉMENT À LA BLÉPHAROPLASTIE La canthoplastie, indépendante de la blépharoplastie, quoiqu’ayant de l’affinité avec elle, est une opération plastique qui n’a pas reçu de dénomination particulière jusqu’ici. Nous entendons par canthoplastie (de l'étymologie, angle des paupières, et de formation, composer), cette partie de l’art opératoire qui a pour but de rétablir, dans sa grandeur normale, la fente des paupières dont un phénomène pathologique a déterminé le raccourcissement (blépharostenosis), ou dont l’ouverture est trop étroite par suite de vices de conformation (blepharophimosis) ; elle s’opère par la transplantation de la conjonctive du globe oculaire dans l’angle palpébral externe qu’on a d’abord dilaté. Après avoir brièvement examiné le raccourcissement de la fente palpébrale, qui indique principalement la canthoplastie, nous décrirons en détail l’opération elle-même. D’Ammon, inventeur de cette opération, est le premier qui se soit occupé, dans ses écrits, du raccourcissement de la fente palpébrale, en le considérant sous les rapports de l’étiologie et de la pathologie. Lorsque cet état est congénital, il le nomme phimosis palpebrarum, ou blepharophimosis (voyez Journal de d’Ammon, tom. II, p. 140, etc.), et comme le mot de phimosis signifie toute espèce de rétrécissement de l’ouverture d’un canal excréteur, et que ce n’est que consécutivement qu’il a été appliqué au rétrécissement du prépuce (voy. Celse, livre VII, c. 25), il donne le nom de blepharostenosis au raccourcissement acquis de la fente palpébrale, et publie les observations suivantes sur cette affection : 1° Chez les enfants nouveau-nés, très-gras, il n’est pas rare que les paupières soient très-épaisses et que leur fente soit comme renversée en dedans et rétractée vers le globe de l’œil; on observe assez souvent le même phénomène au commencement ou à la fin de l’ophthalmie des nouveau-nés. Ici il faut chercher la cause du rétrécissement dans le gonflement ou l’hypertrophie des parties voisines. Il se forme très-facilement un entropion, et lorsqu’en ouvrant les paupières on procède avec trop de rudesse ou trop de rapidité, il s’y produit un renversement (ectropion). Lorsque l’inflammation des paupières diminue et que le travail organique revient à son état normal, le phimosis disparaît peu à peu. Ou bien : 2° Il se forme un véritable phimosis des paupières, lorsque l’ophthalmie des nouveau-nés, ou toute autre inflammation des yeux amène l’atrophie ou en général l’amoindrissement du globe de l’œil. Par là, les paupières tout entières et les bords orbitaires s’affaissent ; l’inflammation chronique y détermine de l’induration. Celle-ci, qui affecte principalement les bords orbitaires, suspend peu à peu l’activité des muscles orbiculaires, et entraîne un vrai phimosis. Ou bien : 3° La fente des paupières est réellement trop petite; elle suffit encore plus ou moins au mouvement de l’œil et à la vision, elle laisse même apercevoir une certaine surface de la sclérotique; mais il est très difficile, même impossible, d’ouvrir largement les paupières sans qu’il en résulte aussitôt de la douleur dans l’angle externe, dont une semblable tentative produit un fort tiraillement; on ne peut également pas bien apercevoir la surface interne de la paupière inférieure. À la moindre irritation inflammatoire de la conjonctive oculaire ou palébrasle, on observe un spasme violent dans le muscle orbiculaire, spasme qui devient parfois habituel et occasionne alors un renversement du bord tarsien en dedans ou d’autres suites non moins graves. À l’angle externe, il se forme en même temps une excoriation donnant lieu à une secrétion puriforme, saignant facilement lorsqu’on ouvre les paupières et rappelant singulièrement les fissures du rectum, que Boyer a décrites avec tant de bonheur et de jugement. Les derniers cas peuvent seuls réclamer une dilatation par des moyens opératoires, soit afin de prévenir les suites du clignotement spasmodique causé par le rétrécissement de la fente palébrale, soit afin d’empêcher la formation d’un ectropion ou de le guérir, s’il existe déjà. Le cas suivant, recueilli par d’Ammon, contient la description du procédé à suivre dans la canthoplastie. La femme Bormann, âgée de trente-huit ans, petite, ayant le nez épaté, les lèvres fort saillantes et portant un goitre volumineux, avait les paupières très peu fendues. Par suite de la longueur des paupières inférieures, le tarse s’était renversé en dedans (entropion), ce qui occasionnait une inflammation chronique permanente de la conjonctive oculaire. Comme la simple réduction de l’entropion, par l’extirpation d’un lambeau, ne pouvait suffire, d’Ammon résolut de remédier d’abord ( 316 ) au rétrécissement de la fente des paupières et de guérir ensuite l’entropion.
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We order dozens where the usual store orders one. You can see at once that we are in a position to buy cheaper—and we do—and as the result of it, we sell for less. . Especial attention is directed to the showing of high art elegancies in street gowns at $20, $30, $50, and up to $150. No exclusive modiste in the world can give to a garment as much style as the makers of these have given to them. Special souvenir bargain. As a special "Souvenir Carriage" for These "Opening" days, we shall sell ladies' high-grade suits of rough-wearing cloths, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, is another advantage—a big one. We are making up better skirts than it is possible to buy elsewhere ready to wear. We are using "Nubian" fast black lining and "S., H. & M." waterproof velveteen binding. All these advantages enable us to lead in skirt selling, and we do and we're far ahead. The sensible rainy-day skirt and suit have come to stay, and we've made them up by the hundreds—plain backs and plaid backs up to as high as $20. Special attention is called to the exquisite silk, broadcloth, crepon and satin skirts up to $50. Indies' fashionable cheviot serge skirts—all wool—full gored—full flare bottoms—percaline lined, and trimmed with three rows of satin— a $4.98 value for rainy-day skirts. Ladies' rainy-day skirts, made of Oxford cloths—with heavily stitched bottoms and with inverted pleat backs, which sell elsewhere at $4.50, for... Showing rich silks and black and colored dress stuffs. Not any of the new departments has made greater strides than the silks and dress goods. Tomorrow, when you come here to look, you will view the greatest silk stock in town—the greatest dress goods stock in town—both the greatest, because every stylish fabric is here in every fashionable shade, and the prices in every instance are lower than are asked elsewhere. Three souvenir bargains in silks and three souvenir bargains in dress goods. 75c. and 85c. all-silk taffetas, 59c. yd. All for the entire stock and extra heavy quality all silk, rich, light, and dark will be sold during the days of our opening at yard in such shades as white, cream, grays, lily, lavender, cardinal, cardinal, cardinal, light blue, pink, and white. Ill, reseilu. Ate.; they will not break or split in the same manner made up, and is a very low price for them. Guaranteed to be black taffeta silk, 44c. yard. 1 pieces of dark taffeta silk will go at 44c. yard. Tomorrow morning, which at the regular sort. The selling starts in the morning and when the 15 places are gone that will end the selling. This quality of silk is a laffeta silk we guarantee will not crack or pull in the seams when made up. It is the best maker's silk. Silks, a $1.50 wool, black cheviots, 49c. yard. T. n pieces, of a 11 - wool 5% In. black cheviots, which are an much worn tailor-made suits and separate skirts; the best raven black; heavy quality; which sell for 75c. The days of our opening. yard; for 49c. yard during $1.39 French broadcloths, 98c. yard. Nothing can dim the popularity of broadcloth, and it will be worn more than ever this coming season. Our $1.39 all-wool French broadcloths in newest shades, embracing cantors, grays, browns, cadet, hunter's and black, will be sold tomorrow and during the days of our opening at 98c. yard. $11 all-wool black pebble cheviots, 75c. yard. Pebble cheviot skirts. You'll be leaders for fall and winter suits and separate goods of. The opportunity which we put before you tomorrow to buy some of these 10 pieces which we shall put on sale at 75c a yard, instead of $1.49 inches wide. We sponge and steam all dress goods without coat to you. $1.49 guaranteed black repousse silks, 98c. yard. The newest silk fabric for full costumes and dress skirts is "Kepousee" silks. Luckily, we will have ready for tomorrow morning 10 pieces of this grand silk to sell for 98c. a yard, though the regular price of it is $1.49. Has a heavy satin face, with a closely woven grain ground; every thread of it is pure silk, and the wear of every yard is guaranteed. And any of the above may be purchased on our "charge" system—paid for in convenient sums at convenient intervals. 1254c. which is a great deal as "Near silk; extra high, Milky finish; strong and durable; in full hue of shades; usually. Special lining souvenirs, yard for midnight fast black beetled percaline; the extra fine quality which sells at 25c. yard usually. yard for fast black figured waist lining, which sells usually at 15c. yard. 39c yard for 27, 20, and 27 inch French shrunk haircloth, which sells everywhere for 80c. yard. HECHT & COMPANY, 5113-5115 7th St. SOUND MONTHLY MEN Numerous Citizens Hear Political Theories Enunciated. THE ISSUE DECLARED for 1610 Indiana Republicans Illustrate Their Party Substitute. PROTEST AGAINST RATES Masonic Hall, at Oth and P streets, held large numbers of representative business men Saturday night, who were attracted to the meeting held there by the Sound Money and Good Government Club. Haley's Orchestra played a number of selections while the audience was gathering, and the hall was filled when President B. H. Warner called the meeting to order. He said political enthusiasm was apparently lacking in Washington, and It Is the intention to stir it up. He paid high tribute to President McKinley's administration, and said it will be a national calamity If It is not continued in its power? Its continuance meaning progress, prosperity and patriotism. There was a salvo of "noes" when he asked his hearers if they desired such a change. Mr. James T. Dubois, United States consul general to Switzerland, was introduced. Referring to criticisms upon his course of taking an active part in the republican campaign while on leave of absence from his consular position, he said he wanted to be fair to his country, but first of all he wanted to be fair to his conscience. He had never cast a ballot for a President, he said, but now he had crossed the ocean at his own expense to cast his first one. "I shall always express myself, either in or out of public service," he declared, "just as I please. The Inalienable right of a man is free and decent speech." In the further course of his remarks Mr. Dubois said: "The republican party endorses the republican relief committee which has rescued our struggling industries and restored them to strength. Swiss trade in American goods jumped from nine millions of dollars under the Wilson bill to fourteen millions under the Dingley tariff. The American inventor is the great price-pounder of today, while the republican party has been pounding up the wages of American labor." Mr. C. H. Duell, commissioner of patents, made one of his characteristic speeches, keeping his audience in continuous laughter by the amusing anecdotes with which he emphasized the points of his address. The great issue of 1900 was the same as the great issue in 1892, he said. If the republicans win no party will ever place in its platform a plank demanding the free coinage of silver at 16 to 1. He characterized the democratic cry of imperialism as absurd. Every Mr. Bryan if elected would not dare to pull down the American flag in the islands for the title of the American people to them was as good as their title to Porto Rico. There was no reason why the United States should not retain the Philippines and every reason why they should. Only by holding the islands could the nation hold its own in the Orient. Speaking of trusts, Mr. Duell said they were combinations of men, both Republicans and democrats, and that there was no politics in them. They should be coerced, and he told his hearers to remember that the first bill ever presented to check them was offered by a republican and signed by a republican President. Mr. H. Clay Evans, commissioner of pensions, had been announced as one of the speakers, but was unavoidably prevented from keeping his engagement. Indiana Republicans Show Substance. Indiana Republicans who reside in Washington showed the substantial stuff they are made of Saturday night at a meeting of the Indiana Republican Association, held in Metzerott's Hall. No less than 100 of them paid in an initiation fee of $12 each, making the financial secretary's strong box $1,200 stronger. President R. T. Tracewell occupied the chair and introduced Mr. W. W. Dudley, ex-commissioner of pensions, who briefly addressed himself to the issues of the campaign. It is said that a number of those who joined the association Saturday night are also members of the Young Men's Indiana Republican Association, which was recently organized, because, it is understood, the initiation fee of the older body was regarded as too high. They have not, however, abandoned the new body, but are members of both. Protest Against Railroad Rates. Republicans temporarily residing in Washington, but who are voters in Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin, Nebraska, Iowa, and Colorado, met Saturday night at Typographical Temple to consider the rates made by the railroads for voters who will go west of the Missouri river to cast their ballots. The rate of one and one-third fares for the round trip to points beyond Chicago and St. Louis was considered as unjust and discriminating, and a vigorous protest was drawn up which will be filed with the Republican congressional committee. The protest will be presented by the committee to the Eastern Traffic Association. which meets tomorrow in New York. The rate at general elections hitherto has been one fare for the round trip to all points, tickets being secured by voters from local agents of railroads upon orders from the congressional committee. It is declared by the voters in far western states affected by the one and one-third rate, that it will have the effect of preventing a large number of them from going home. It is regarded as probable that a one-fare arrangement will be secured after the passenger association has further considered the question. Issues Discussed at Falls Church. Saturday night the Council Hall at Falls Church, Va., was well filled with voters, who had assembled to transact the business of the McKinley and Roosevelt Campaign Club and listen to an address by Mr. Louis Perry of Michigan. Mr. J. M. Thorne, president of the club, presided, and announced the appointment of Messrs. George W. Haworth, E. F. Crocker and J. C. DePaufron as the executive committee, and Messrs. E. J. Northrop, Dr. J. B. Gould, C. W. Parker, Thomas H. Filler, W. E. Parker, James Lee and C. H. Tinner as the committee on finance. Quite a number of names were added to the list of members. Arrangements were perfected for the organization of a club at J. J. Pleasant next Thursday night. After the transaction of routine business, the speaker of the evening, Mr. Louis Perry, was introduced and spoke for an hour, dealing specially with the silver question as one of the issues of the Democrats. Capt. I. F. Norman next addressed the class on imperialism. Mr. J. M. Thorne made the closing address of the evening, creating much enthusiasm by his references for the wise and faithful administration of public affairs by President McKinley. The campaign for the county will be formally opened next Saturday night with a mass meeting at Odd Fellows' Hall, when addresses will be made by Mr. J. W. Langley of Kentucky and Mr. Irvine Dunbar of Ohio, followed by another meeting Saturday night following at the same place, when Mr. W. J. Rogers, a Republican candidate for Congress for this district, and Mr. M. K. Lowry, presidential elector, will speak. Organization and Future Events. The Northwest Democratic Club was organized Saturday night at the hall, corner of 14th street and Pierce place northwest, with the following officers: President, James G. Wilson; secretary, Frank McGee; treasurer, Calhoun Clark; vice presidents, Clarence E. Collier, Frank Swart, A. R. Yost, R. H. Hunter, and John Drew. The club will hold weekly meetings and a rally will be held in two or three weeks. The old First Ward Democratic Club was also organized Saturday night at a meeting held at Pennsylvania avenue and 19th street northwest. Robert A. Talty was elected president. Charles S. Rawlings, treasurer; Joseph N. Thompson, secretary; John L. Baldwin, assistant secretary. The vice presidents Chosen were P. T. Moran, William Bayley, Dr. Whit Hammett, Charles Rupertus and Charles Rawlings. The District of Columbia Democratic At All Hats trimmed without mitt, and less for the trimming than you'll pay elsewhere. King's Palace Department Stores, 812-814 Seventh Street and 715 Market Space. Store closed Wednesday. Premium cigars given free with purchase. Grand Fall Opening—both Store; Today, Tuesday and Thursday. ? y y i ? 1 i i y ? ? 1 1 ? ? ? y X Y Y A beauty show, indeed?embracing the cleverest creations of the foremost designers of New York ?of our own adept milliners?and the poetic inspirations from abroad personally selected by our Mme. Falk, who arrived from Europe last Wednesday. It is not enough to say that the showings of former years are outdone bv this. And it is not un natural that we should outdo all previous efforts, with this store's trade increasing at a breakneck speed? each day showing an enormous gain over the same day of last season. The wonder of fhis increases when we state that these two stores sell more millinery than any three other stores in this city. And the statement is not made in a spirit of braggadocio, but only to emphasize the fact that our millinery is the most popular millinery in this city?that the prices we ask for it are right?and that satisfaction here is a surety. Attempt to get back to the Empire style in hat and dress has resulted in L'Aiglon styles galore. Rut strangt to say, the L'Aiglon shaped hat has for its inspiration the hat worn by the higher military offi cials under Napoleon, with its trimmings of gold, large buckles, and the like. The greatest possibilities in creating the L'Aiglon are in the use of beaver furs and velvets and ioft materials, and you see these here in great variety. Aside from the great showing of trimmed millinery, and of special importance, are the ready-to-wear golf hats and walking hats of stitched felt, and the great stock of breasts, birds, feathers, buckles, and ornaments. Opening Specials in Trimmed Hats. $3.88 $4.88 $6.88 for $5 to $7 Hats. Above hats are all of our own and beauty are without peers. Exquisite for $7 to $110 Hats. for $110 to $15 Hats. creation?copies of foreign and New York productions and for style As a special for the opening we shall sell Genuine Imported Birds of medium and large size, such as gulls, parrots, Mark birds, orioles, merles, ill black and colors, such as sell everywhere for 75c.; to go for 30c. 75c. Ostrich Plumes. 35c, Imported quarter-strich raiment, with large, full beads, in white and colors, which are really genuine bargains at 75c.; to go during our Opening at 35c. each. $1.25 Ready-to-wear Hats, 9c The fashionable stitched Ready-to-wear Walking Hats. In black and colors, which are being sold everywhere for $1.25, will be offered as an Opening "special" at 50c. $1 Untrimmed Velvet Hats. Stylish Velvet-covered Hats, in all shapes, including the short-back; of excellent quality; sell for $1 elsewhere; as an Opening special, 50c. 45 75c. and $1 Untrimmed Hats 5 dozen Ladies' Black Felt Hats. In all shapes, including short-hacks and turbans; Mulshed with velvet binding; the sort which sell at $7.50 and $1 elsewhere; as an Opening special to go for 45c. 25c. Taffeta Rifossons 10c, A lot embracing thousands of yards of Pure Silk Taffeta Ribbons; and 4 Inches wide, and In all the newest shades and white; which we defy you to duplicate elsewhere under 25c.; will be sold as a leader for our Opening, at 10c. yard?Just think of It. Opening of Suits, Skirts, Jackets, etc. Next in importance to the millinery showing is the formal expose of ladies' high-grade ready-to-wear suits, separate dress and walking skirts, rainy-day skirts, jackets, capes, furs, silk waists, silk underskirts, children's reefers, etc. We have selected our stocks with the same careful scrutiny as heretofore. We have ignored those makers who would not guarantee us the certain points of excellence in finish and workmanship which are necessary to the perfect fit?to the wear?to the appearance of ready-to-wear garments. The collection on view tomorrow represents some 1,400 garments?but are no more than is required to put before you a complete variety. Prices are 30 percent lower than elsewhere, and this strong statement can be borne out by comparisons. The showing which is being made is a practical one. There are no borrowed creations to pad out a poor assortment. Our idea is to please you?to sell you your fall and winter garments, if you are ready to buy?to show you if you are "just looking." Opening Specials in Ladies' Suits. $7.98 $9.98 $12.98 for $ 10 and $12 Suits for $12 to $15 Suits. for $15 to $20 Suits. Above suits are of cheviot serge; of homespun; of pebble cheviots; of broadcloths; of all the most fashionable fabrics of the season; in all styles of jackets; and most of them, all silk-lined, with skirts made with inverted pleated backs and percaline lined. Such values cannot be equaled by any other store in this city. $4 Rainy-day Skirts, $1.98. A lot of Ladies' Plain and Plaid-back Rainy-day Skirts, with heavy stitching at bottoms; Inverted pleat backs; which are worth $4, Special opening bargain, $1.98. $4, $5 and $6 Skirts, Here Is what will prove the Skirt sensation of the season. A lot of ladies' Skirts, both waiving and rainy day sort, of homespun, serges, cheviots; some plain and some trimmed; all have new inverted pleat backs and full flounce and flare bottoms; in black, blue, gray and light, dark and medium Oxfords; which are the same as are being sold for $4, $5 and $6. 6 elsewhere ?to go for $2.98. $5 Jackets, $2.39. Lot of new fall weight Jackets for ladies, of covert cloth, in brown, blue, gray and light and dark tan?lined throughout?will be sold at $2.50, though fully worth $5. $4 Silk Waists, One hundred Ladies' finest Taffeta Silk Waists, in black and all leading shades?tucked and curded front and back?new bell sleeves?most thoroughly made ready-to-wear Silk Waists to be had?to go at $2.75 Instead of $4. The association will meet tomorrow night at 904 Pennsylvania avenue. The meeting of the Missouri Republican Association, to be held Thursday night at Oppenheimer's Hall, promises to be an important one, and all Missouri republicans are being urged to attend. A republican rally will be held Wednesday night at Masonic Hall, Gaithersburg. Addresses will be made by Mr. H. Clay Evans, commissioner of pensions; Mr. John W. Langley of Kentucky, and others. The Chillum Bryan and Stevenson Club held an enthusiastic rally Saturday evening. Mr. J. Enos Ray, sr., presiding. The attendance was large and included a number of former republicans. After the election of thirty new members and the appointment of several representatives to watch the registration booths, the Prince Georgians listened to speeches on the issues of the day from W. McK. Clayton, Jack. John H. Ralston, J. H. Benton and Col. Leigh. Representative Livingston of Georgia will address the club Saturday evening next. AFFAIRS IN GEORGETOWN. General and Personal Jieim Gathered Went of Rock Creek. Cardinal Gibbons, the archbishop of Baltimore, visited St. Ann's Church, Tenleytown, yesterday and confirmed. A class of forty-seven. The cardinal spent Saturday night as the guest of the pastor, Rev. J. S. Mallon, and celebrated the 8 o'clock mass yesterday. The confirmation services were held immediately after the high mass, the cardinal making an address to the class. The cardinal was assisted by Rev. Fathers Mallon and Foley, the latter assistant pastor of St. Paul's Church, Washington. The funeral of Joseph Paul, formerly a resident of Georgetown, was held privately this afternoon from the undertaking establishment of John B. McCarthy at 3525 M Street. The death occurred Saturday morning at Providence Hospital after an illness of pneumonia, which lasted several weeks. The deceased was sixty-six years of age and for a number of years past made his residence at Colonial Beach. He was a bricklayer by trade. The doors of Linthicum Institute will be thrown open for the session of 1910-01 this evening from 7 until about 8 o'clock, the home of the school being located at 321½ O Street. The institute is a free night institution for working boys who have no chance to acquire an education in the daytime. The classes will not be formed this evening, but the names of the old pupils who return and the new ones will be enrolled. Next week the actual work of the school will be commenced, under a corps of competent instructors. Messrs. John Lynch, John Sullivan, Ed. Buckley, and Alex. Thornton returned the latter part of last week from a hunting trip near Seneca, Md. The party succeeded in killing about fifty squirrels and about a dozen ducks, besides other small game. They also caught a number of fine cases. Star Advertisements in Georgetown. Classified advertisements for The Star may be filed at regular advertising rates at the Postal Telegraph office, 327½ M Street. The rate under the classifications Wanted: Help and Wanted Situations is one cent per word per insertion, the minimum charge being fifteen cents. To Jail for 304 Days. Peter Holmes of Bassett's alley was today convicted in the Police Court of assaulting Harry Honesty by striking him in the head with a brick and threatening to do him up after getting out of his present difficulty. Judge Kimball sent him to jail for 364 days. COMPROMISE REFUSED. Action of Attorney General Griggs in an Oleomargarine Case. Attorney General Griggs has again given proof of his determination to let the law take its course with alleged violators of the Oleomargarine laws who come under his official notice, despite the evident desnose of the treasury officials to the contrary. Once in a while persons engaged in the Oleomargarine trade are apprehended in the act of alleged offenses against the law by agents of the internal revenue bureau. In case these offenders are not arraigned before some United States legal authority they are invariably permitted to escape prosecution by paying money into the internal revenue bureau as a "compromise." In the event of their getting before a legal authority they as invariably offer money to compromise in order to escape prosecution, and the commissioner of internal revenue as invariably recommends the acceptance of such an offer. Then the Secretary of the Treasury as invariably approves such recommendations. Recently an offer of $5,000 was made by Braun & Fitch of Chicago, the third largest manufacturers of oleomargarine in the United States, to compromise a charge of violating the oleomargarine laws, preferred against a "customer" of theirs named Maioney. Commissioner Wilsen promptly recommended the acceptance of the $5,000. Secretary Gage as promptly approved the commissioner's recommendation. As it was one of the cases in which the law branch of the government had become interested, the matter had to be referred to Attorney General Griggs. In the meantime, however, the assistant and acting secretary of agriculture, J. H. Brigham, had learned of the attempt of Braun & Fitch to divert the course of justice, and wrote a letter to the treasury officials requesting that the offer of compromise be rejected. This request by the head of one executive department to that of another was not granted. Attorney General Griggs, however, settled the question in a brief opinion, stating that the courts were the best resorts in which the case could be settled. LAUREL, AND VICINITY. Political Notes and Social and Personal News. Special Correspondence of The Evening Star. LAUREL, Md., September 6, 1900. The democrats of Laurel and vicinity held a meeting at the Free Quill Hall one night recently, for the purpose of organizing a club for campaign work this fall. Mayor Edward Phelps was elected temporary chairman, and in a few brief remarks stated the object of the meeting. Mr. Geo. W. Waters, jr., acted as temporary secretary. The following officers were elected: President, Dr. John Cronmiller; vice presidents, William E. Gilbert, Bernard McKay, William T. Kelley, Samuel R. Harding, John E. Wooten, Calvin L. Donaldson, William H. Owens, William Reed, Stewart Aitchison, Joseph R. Hager, C. F. Shaffer, Edward Phelps, James H. Harrison, J. T. Federline, Dr. S. Gray, William W. Cronmiller, H. W. Thies, John W. Whitfield, Dr. L. Crowther, C. F. Flester, Evans Duvall, Charles H. Stanley, George W. Waters, H. C. Frost, William Milstead, Arthur R. Weston, Dr. W. F. Taylor, William E. Lind, Dr. T. W. Byerly; secretary, W. C. Shaffer; treasurer, F. A. Await. An executive committee, consisting of Dr. T. M. Baldwin, B. F. Crabbs, John A. Flumery, F. I. Ahern, John W. Gray and C. L. Donaldson, was appointed. The committee on registration consists of John W. Gray, M. J. Tighe, B. F. Robey, W. H. Owens, C. H. Stanley, C. W. Darr, DeW. Snowden and W. T. Ashby. It was decided that the club shall be known as the Bryan-Stevenson-Calhoun Democratic Club of Laurel. About fifty members were present. Nine names were enrolled at the meeting. A party of young Laurelians gave a masquerade straw ride recently to the home of Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Haslup at Annapolis Junction. After arriving there, dancing and other amusements were indulged in, the merrymaking being kept up until a late hour. The members of Laurel's society gave a ball poudre last night at the Academy of Music, which was one of the most successful dances given by the smart set for some time. Mesdames T. Watts Byerly, Evans, Duvall, Stephen Gambrill, and LeRoy Livingston were the chaperons. Mr. Greenville Lewis of Washington is the guest of Mr. John D. Oronmiller. Mr. Lewis is on his way to Homestead, Pa., and it is expected that he will fill the position of fullback on the football team of the athletic club of that town. Mr. William Snowden and family will leave shortly for Glenwood, Howard county, which place they will make their home. Mr. Snowden has been a resident of this town for many years, during which time he has been one of the foremost citizens of the place. GAITHERSBURG NEWS. Sale of Valuable Farm-General and Personal Items. Special Correspondence of The Evening Star. GAITHERSBURG, Md., Sept. 9, 1900. Mr. John B. Diamond has purchased at private sale the handsome residence and farm of Mrs. Frances T. Morgan, near Chopper's. The farm contains 1104 acres, and the price paid was $7,000. Master Jamie E. Lodge, son of Dr. James L. Lodge, left last week for Greenville, S.C., where he is a student at Furman University. Rev. Wm. H. Stone, pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Darnestown, has returned from his vacation in Saratoga and Vermont. The board of trustees of Masonic Hall have determined upon giving a fair early in November. Viola Animal at Large. There is a vicious bull at large in Burch's swamp. Prince George's county, Md. Saturday the animal became engaged in a combat with a steer belonging to a farmer living in the vicinity. Burch's swamp covers several hundred acres, and it is asserted that the bull has been roaming about through it for some time. Over three weeks ago several men were on their way to Anacostia from Prince George's county with a bull which had been purchased by A. O. Brady of Anacostia, but the animal broke away at Burch's swamp. Mr. Brady has been informed that the vicious bull discovered Saturday in the swamp is his property. Revival Services. A series of revival services was begun last evening at the Anacostia Methodist Episcopal Church. Rev. Charles O. Isaac, the pastor, officiated, and the meetings are to be held nightly. Revival services at the Faith Methodist Chapel, on the Bowen road near Anacostia, have just been brought to a close by Mr. Isaac, who is also pastor of that church.
| 14,066 |
https://github.com/Hugoo/erc725-inspect/blob/master/src/components/AddressButtons/index.ts
|
Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| 2,021 |
erc725-inspect
|
Hugoo
|
TypeScript
|
Code
| 6 | 12 |
export { default } from './AddressButtons';
| 22,334 |
https://github.com/ekmixon/pyre-check/blob/master/tools/buck_project_builder/src/main/java/com/facebook/buck_project_builder/BuilderException.java
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| 2,022 |
pyre-check
|
ekmixon
|
Java
|
Code
| 50 | 93 |
/*
* Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
*
* This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
*/
package com.facebook.buck_project_builder;
public class BuilderException extends Exception {
public BuilderException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}
| 31,081 |
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilea%20mutisiana
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Pilea mutisiana
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https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilea mutisiana&action=history
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Vietnamese
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Spoken
| 38 | 71 |
Pilea mutisiana là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Tầm ma. Loài này được (Spreng.) Wedd. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1852.
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
Pilea
Thực vật được mô tả năm 1852
| 21,145 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7603637
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StackExchange
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,011 |
Stack Exchange
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Jane Onaiwu, Matei22, Pedro profe Inatec, Thygesen Grant, Undefined_variable, emlak21, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16830876, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16830877, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16830878, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16831866, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16832003, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16832088, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3458768, zeroRooter
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English
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Spoken
| 236 | 398 |
decompiling chm file: hh.exe requires only the filename. no full path is allowed
I noticed that hh.exe is capable of decompiling a .chm file to a set of .html files. But in order to work it requires the path to the file be current directory and the filename be the filename itself, apparently without allowing a full path.
For example, this will work (in cmd):
c:\MyDir>hh -decompile extracted MyFile.chm
This won't work:
c:\>hh -decompile extracted c:\MyDir\MyFile.chm
This is relevant because I want to use a shell command from the registry to decompile the .chm file, and the parameter "%1" gives me the full path to the file only, and I don't know of a way to receive only the filename without the path
Another issue is the arguments cannot be enclosed in quotes.
For example c:>hh -decompile "extracted" "c:\MyDir\MyFile.chm"
Will not work. this is annoying when the chm file has spaces in it.
Try passing forward slash eg:
c:\>hh -decompile extracted c:/MyDir/MyFile.chm
You could also try to open command line in the folder containing your .chm file,
try 'shift' key and 'right click' mouse button and "Open command window here" option.
Make sure no file is sellected.
regards, joe
It won't work with paths quoted or otherwise.
It's easiest to just move the output folder and input *.chm into the root of the drive, cd there, and then simply run the hh.exe -decompile outputfolder input.chm command.
| 12,128 |
4297711_1
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Caselaw Access Project
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Open Government
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Public Domain
| 1,891 |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 769 | 931 |
Martin, J.
Section 16 of article 6 of the constitution of the state of New York provides: "The legislature may, on application of the board of supervisors, provide for the election of local officers, not to exceed two in any county, to discharge the duties of county judge and of surrogate, in cases of their inability, or of a vacancy, and to exercise such other powers in special cases as may be provided by law." In pursuance of this provision of the constitution, the legislature, in 1858, passed an act declaring that there should be elected in Tompkins county a local officer "to discharge the duties of county judge and surrogate of said county in cases of vacancy, or the absence or other inability of such officer." This act, after stating that such officer should be a counselor at law of the supreme court, and that he should possess certain powers and perform certain duties, provided that he should be designated as "special county judge," and "shall receive for the services to be rendered by him under the provisions of this act such compensation as shall be allowed to him by the board of supervisors in said county." Law's 1858, c. 279. It is contended by the appellant that the decedent was authorized by this statute to act as surrogate in the absence of the county judge; and hence, that his right to so act was not dependent upon the provisions of section 2484 of the Code of Civil Procedure, nor restricted by the last paragraph of that section, w'hich provides that, before an officer is entitled to act as prescribed in that section, proof of his authority must be made as prescribed in section 2487. Section 2484 provides: "Where, in any county, except New York or Kings, the of fice of surrogate is vacant or the surrogate is disabled, by reason of sickness, absence, or lunacy, and a special provision is not made by law for the discharge of the duties of his office in that contingency, the duties of his office must be discharged, until the vacancy is filled, or the disability ceases, as follows:" (1) By the special surrogate; (2) by the special county judge; (3) by the county judge; (4) by the district attorney. It will be observed that section 2484 provides who shall act in case of a vacancy, absence, or other disability, only where there is no special provision of law for the discharge of the dirties of that office in such contingency. In Tompkins county, a local officer was elected to discharge the duties of surrogate in the absence of that officer. Hence we are disposed to adopt the appellant's theory that the provisions of section 2484 are not applicable in this case. Assuming, then, that the statute of 1858 conferred upon the decedent the authority to act as such surrogate independent of section 2484, the question arises whether section 2493 has any application to this case. That section provides that an officer who acts as surrogate, "as prescribed in the last nine sections," must be paid for the time he so acts a compensation equal pro rata to the salary of the surrogate or county judge. In this case the decedent acted as surrogate, not as prescribed by the sections of the Code relating to that subject, but independent of those sections, and under the provisions of the statute of 1858, which declared that lie should receive for his services such compensation as the board of supervisors should allow. Therefore we are of the opinion that section 2493 of the Code of Civil Procedure is not applicable to this case, and that the decedent was entitled only to such compensation as was allowed by the board of supervisors. If, however, our conclusion that the provisions of the Code are not applicable in this case is wrong, still, as those provisions were not complied with, it is difficult to discover upon what theory the appellant is entitled to the relief sought. Ho proof of the authority of the decedent to act as such surrogate was given, nor order made, as required by sections 2487 and 2488 of the Code. We think the making of such proof and the obtaining of such an order was a condition precedent to the testator's right to act as such surrogate, if acting under the provisions of the Code; and that, at least as to him, his acts were so -far unauthorized that he was not entitled to the compensation provided for by section 2493. But it is said that the act of 1889, (Laws 1889, c.
| 8,961 |
https://github.com/THISISAGOODNAME/vulkan-tutorial-hlsl/blob/master/CH3_RTXdemoKHR/shaders/2.camera/ray_chit.glsl
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
vulkan-tutorial-hlsl
|
THISISAGOODNAME
|
GLSL
|
Code
| 33 | 114 |
#version 460
#extension GL_EXT_ray_tracing : require
layout(location = 0) rayPayloadInEXT vec3 ResultColor;
hitAttributeEXT vec2 HitAttribs;
void main() {
const vec3 barycentrics = vec3(1.0f - HitAttribs.x - HitAttribs.y, HitAttribs.x, HitAttribs.y);
ResultColor = vec3(barycentrics);
}
| 36,073 |
https://github.com/alexandreCameron/boar/blob/master/src/boar/utils/log.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
boar
|
alexandreCameron
|
Python
|
Code
| 108 | 421 |
from typing import List, Tuple, Any
import logging
from boar.__init__ import BoarError
def log_execution(
cell_index: int,
msg: str,
verbose: Any,
) -> None:
logger_print = get_logger_print(verbose)
logger_print(50*"-")
logger_print(f"Cell {cell_index}")
logger_print(50*"-")
logger_print(msg)
logger_print("\n")
def log_lint(
file_posix: str,
cell_counts: List[Tuple[int]],
verbose: Any,
) -> None:
logger_print = get_logger_print(verbose)
logger_print(50*"-")
logger_print(file_posix)
logger_print(50*"-")
for cell_count in cell_counts:
msg = f"Cell: {cell_count[0]} , execution_count: {cell_count[1]}"
logger_print(msg)
logger_print("\n")
def get_logger_print(verbose: Any):
logger_print = (lambda x: None)
if isinstance(verbose, bool):
logger_print = print if verbose else logging.info
elif isinstance(verbose, object):
logger_print = verbose
else:
msg = f"Undefined verbose: `{verbose}`."
raise BoarError(msg)
return logger_print
def close_plots():
try:
exec("plt.close('all')")
except NameError:
logging.debug("Notebook does not use matplotlib")
pass
| 18,459 |
US-201916507709-A_1
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,019 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 6,809 | 8,943 |
Systems and methods for managing alarm data of multiple locations
ABSTRACT
A method for managing alarm data of multiple physical locations. The method includes receiving a plurality of sets of alarm data. Each of the plurality of sets of alarm data corresponds to a respective physical location. Each of the plurality of sets of alarm data includes a respective occurrence value corresponding to each of a plurality of alarm categories. The method includes receiving a list indicating one or more alarm preferences. of the or more alarm preferences are associated with one or more priority values. The method includes arranging, responsive to identifying a first of the one or more alarm preferences that indicates a first subset of the alarm categories, a ranking of the plurality of sets of alarm data based on respective occurrence values of the first set of alarm categories. The method includes displaying, via a user interface, the ranking of the plurality of sets of alarm data.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates generally to a building management system and more particularly to a building management system that manages alarm data of a number of physical locations.
BACKGROUND
A building management system (BMS) is, in general, a system of devices configured to control, monitor, and manage equipment in and/or around a building or building area. A BMS can include, for example, an HVAC system, a security system, a lighting system, a fire alerting system, and any other system that is capable of managing building functions or devices, or any combination thereof. As the number of BMS devices used in various sectors increases, the amount of data being produced and collected has been increasing exponentially. Accordingly, effective analysis and information management of a plethora of collected data is desired.
BRIEF SUMMARY
In one aspect, this disclosure is directed to a method for managing alarm data of multiple physical locations. The method includes receiving a number of sets of alarm data. Each of the sets of alarm data corresponds to a respective physical location. Each of the sets of alarm data includes a respective occurrence value corresponding to each of the alarm categories. The method includes receiving a list indicating one or more alarm preferences. The one or more alarm preferences are associated with one or more priority values. The method includes arranging, responsive to identifying a first of the one or more alarm preferences that indicates a first subset of the alarm categories, a ranking of the sets of alarm data based on respective occurrence values of the first set of alarm categories. The method includes displaying, via a user interface, the ranking of the sets of alarm data.
In some embodiments, the first alarm preference is indicative of combining the respective occurrence values of the first subset of alarm categories. Arranging a ranking of the sets of alarm data further includes arranging the ranking of the sets of alarm data according to the combined occurrence values of the first subset of alarm categories.
In some embodiments, the method further includes determining, for two or more of the sets of alarm data, whether the respective combined occurrence values of the first subset of alarm categories are equal to each other. The method further includes identifying, responsive to the determination, a second of the one or more alarm preferences that indicates a second subset of the alarm categories. A first of the one or more priority values associated with the first alarm preference is greater than a second of the one or more priority values associated with the second alarm preference.
In some embodiments, the method further includes rearranging, according to the occurrence values of the second subset of alarm categories, a portion of the ranking that include the two or more of the sets of alarm data. The method further includes displaying, via the user interface, the ranking of the sets of alarm data the includes the rearranged portion.
In some embodiments, the occurrence values each includes at least one of: a number of unacknowledged alarms, a number of unresolved alarms, and a number of escalated alarms.
In some embodiments, the alarm categories each includes at least one of: a burglar alarm, a critical alarm, a hold-up alarm, and a trouble alarm.
In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving a signal indicating an update being performed on at least one of the sets of alarm data. The method further includes rearranging, responsive to receiving the signal, the ranking of the sets of alarm data.
In another aspect, this disclosure is directed to a computing device to manage alarm data of multiple physical locations. The computing device includes a memory and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory. The one or more processors are configured to receive a number of sets of alarm data. Each of the sets of alarm data corresponds to a respective physical location. Each of the sets of alarm data includes a respective occurrence value corresponding to each of a number of alarm categories. The one or more processors are configured to receive a list indicating one or more alarm preferences. The one or more alarm preferences are associated with one or more priority values. The one or more processors are configured to arrange, responsive to identifying a first of the one or more alarm preferences that indicates a first subset of the alarm categories, a ranking of the sets of alarm data based on respective occurrence values of the first set of alarm categories. The one or more processors are configured to display, via a user interface, the ranking of the sets of alarm data.
In some embodiments, the first alarm preference is indicative of combining the respective occurrence values of the first subset of alarm categories. The one or more processor are further configured to arrange the ranking of the sets of alarm data according to the combined occurrence values of the first subset of alarm categories.
In some embodiments, the one or more processor are further configured to determine, for two or more of the sets of alarm data, whether the respective combined occurrence values of the first subset of alarm categories are equal to each other. The one or more processor are further configured to identify, responsive to the determination, a second of the one or more alarm preferences that indicates a second subset of the alarm categories. A first of the one or more priority values associated with the first alarm preference is greater than a second of the one or more priority values associated with the second alarm preference.
In some embodiments, the one or more processor are further configured to rearrange, according to the occurrence values of the second subset of alarm categories, a portion of the ranking that include the two or more of the sets of alarm data. The one or more processor are further configured to display, via the user interface, the ranking of the sets of alarm data the includes the rearranged portion.
In some embodiments, the occurrence values each includes at least one of: a number of unacknowledged alarms, a number of unresolved alarms, and a number of escalated alarms.
In some embodiments, the alarm categories each includes at least one of: a burglar alarm, a critical alarm, a hold-up alarm, and a trouble alarm.
In some embodiments, the one or more processor are further configured to receive a signal indicating an update being performed on at least one of the sets of alarm data. The one or more processor are further configured to rearrange, responsive to receiving the signal, the ranking of the sets of alarm data.
In yet another aspect, this disclosure is directed to a non-transitory computer readable medium storing program instructions. The program instructions cause one or more processors to receive a number of sets of alarm data. Each of the sets of alarm data corresponds to a respective physical location. Each of the sets of alarm data includes a respective occurrence value corresponding to each of a number of alarm categories. The program instructions cause the one or more processors to receive a list indicating one or more alarm preferences. The one or more alarm preferences are associated with one or more priority values. The program instructions cause the one or more processors to arrange, responsive to identifying a first of the one or more alarm preferences that indicates a first subset of the alarm categories, a ranking of the sets of alarm data based on respective occurrence values of the first set of alarm categories. The program instructions cause the one or more processors to display, via a user interface, the ranking of the sets of alarm data.
In some embodiments, the first alarm preference is indicative of combining the respective occurrence values of the first subset of alarm categories. The program instructions further cause the one or more processors to arrange the ranking of the sets of alarm data according to the combined occurrence values of the first subset of alarm categories.
In some embodiments, the program instructions further cause the one or more processors to determine, for two or more of the sets of alarm data, whether the respective combined occurrence values of the first subset of alarm categories are equal to each other. The program instructions further cause the one or more processors to identify, responsive to the determination, a second of the one or more alarm preferences that indicates a second subset of the alarm categories. A first of the one or more priority values associated with the first alarm preference is greater than a second of the one or more priority values associated with the second alarm preference.
In some embodiments, the program instructions further cause the one or more processors to rearrange, according to the occurrence values of the second subset of alarm categories, a portion of the ranking that include the two or more of the sets of alarm data. The program instructions further cause the one or more processors to display, via the user interface, the ranking of the sets of alarm data the includes the rearranged portion.
In some embodiments, the occurrence values each includes at least one of: a number of unacknowledged alarms, a number of unresolved alarms, and a number of escalated alarms.
In some embodiments, the alarm categories each includes at least one of: a burglar alarm, a critical alarm, a hold-up alarm, and a trouble alarm.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other aspects and features of the present embodiments will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a smart building environment, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a smart building, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a waterside system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an airside system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a building management system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of another building management system including an alarm management platform, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D illustrate an exemplary ranking that the alarm management platform of FIG. 6 arranges, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method performed by the alarm management platform of FIG. 6, according to an exemplary embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Centralized alarm management systems are generally used to monitor and manage the security of a number of discrete physical locations (e.g., buildings). In this regard, the centralized alarm management system collect all the data of alarms from the physical locations, which allows a security personnel to react to the alarms. However, as the number of physical locations increases, the size of the data associated with the physical locations can become significantly large. Moreover, as the types and/or statuses of the alarms diversify in accordance with the improved monitoring capability in each of the physical locations, the variety of the data can also significantly change. To navigate and identify information through the data becomes a challenge. To tackle this technical issue, the present disclosure provides various embodiments of systems and methods for managing a large amount of alarm data collected from multiple different physical locations. In some embodiments, the disclosed system can automatically apply one or more configurable alarm preferences on multiple sets of alarm data to sort the sets of alarm data. For example, a first alarm preference can be configured to combine one or more different types or categories of the alarm data. In some embodiments, the disclosed system can identify whether there are any tied sets of alarm data in the sorted alarm data. Responsive to identifying such tied sets of alarm data, the disclosed system can automatically re-sort the sets of alarm data using a second alarm preference (e.g., with a priority value less than a priority value of the first alarm preference), and so on. In some embodiments, the disclosed system can display the sorted sets of alarm data via a user interface (e.g., a graphical user interface). As such, a user of the disclosed system can quickly identify one or more sets of alarm data based on the configurable alarm preferences, and efficiently initiate action to address the corresponding alarm(s).
Hereinafter, example embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a smart building environment 100, according to some exemplary embodiments. Smart building environment 100 is shown to include a building management platform 102. Building management platform 102 can be configured to collect data from a variety of different data sources. For example, building management platform 102 is shown collecting data from buildings 110, 120, 130, and 140. For example, the buildings may include a school 110, a hospital 120, a factory 130, an office building 140, and/or the like. However the present disclosure is not limited to the number or types of buildings 110, 120, 130, and 140 shown in FIG. 1. For example, in some embodiments, building management platform 102 may be configured to collect data from one or more buildings, and the one or more buildings may be the same type of building, or may include one or more different types of buildings than that shown in FIG. 1.
Building management platform 102 can be configured to collect data from a variety of devices 112-116, 122-126, 132-136, and 142-146, either directly (e.g., directly via network 104) or indirectly (e.g., via systems or applications in the buildings 110, 120, 130, 140). In some embodiments, devices 112-116, 122-126, 132-136, and 142-146 are internet of things (IoT) devices. IoT devices may include any of a variety of physical devices, sensors, actuators, electronics, vehicles, home appliances, and/or other items having network connectivity which enable IoT devices to communicate with building management platform 102. For example, IoT devices can include smart home hub devices, smart house devices, doorbell cameras, air quality sensors, smart switches, smart lights, smart appliances, garage door openers, smoke detectors, heart monitoring implants, biochip transponders, cameras streaming live feeds, automobiles with built-in sensors, DNA analysis devices, field operation devices, tracking devices for people/vehicles/equipment, networked sensors, wireless sensors, wearable sensors, environmental sensors, RFID gateways and readers, IoT gateway devices, robots and other robotic devices, GPS devices, smart watches, virtual/augmented reality devices, and/or other networked or networkable devices. While the devices described herein are generally referred to as IoT devices, it should be understood that, in various embodiments, the devices referenced in the present disclosure could be any type of devices capable of communicating data over an electronic network.
In some embodiments, IoT devices may include sensors or sensor systems. For example, IoT devices may include acoustic sensors, sound sensors, vibration sensors, automotive or transportation sensors, chemical sensors, electric current sensors, electric voltage sensors, magnetic sensors, radio sensors, environment sensors, weather sensors, moisture sensors, humidity sensors, flow sensors, fluid velocity sensors, ionizing radiation sensors, subatomic particle sensors, navigation instruments, position sensors, angle sensors, displacement sensors, distance sensors, speed sensors, acceleration sensors, optical sensors, light sensors, imaging devices, photon sensors, pressure sensors, force sensors, density sensors, level sensors, thermal sensors, heat sensors, temperature sensors, proximity sensors, presence sensors, and/or any other type of sensors or sensing systems.
Examples of acoustic, sound, or vibration sensors include geophones, hydrophones, lace sensors, guitar pickups, microphones, and seismometers. Examples of automotive or transportation sensors include air flow meters, air-fuel ratio (AFR) meters, blind spot monitors, crankingshaft position sensors, defect detectors, engine coolant temperature sensors, Hall effect sensors, knock sensors, map sensors, mass flow sensors, oxygen sensors, parking sensors, radar guns, speedometers, speed sensors, throttle position sensors, tire-pressure monitoring sensors, torque sensors, transmission fluid temperature sensors, turbine speed sensors, variable reluctance sensors, vehicle speed sensors, water sensors, and wheel speed sensors.
Examples of chemical sensors include breathalyzers, carbon dioxide sensors, carbon monoxide detectors, catalytic bead sensors, chemical field-effect transistors, chemiresistors, electrochemical gas sensors, electronic noses, electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor sensors, fluorescent chloride sensors, holographic sensors, hydrocarbon dew point analyzers, hydrogen sensors, hydrogen sulfide sensors, infrared point sensors, ion-selective electrodes, nondispersive infrared sensors, microwave chemistry sensors, nitrogen oxide sensors, olfactometers, optodes, oxygen sensors, ozone monitors, pellistors, pH glass electrodes, potentiometric sensors, redox electrodes, smoke detectors, and zinc oxide nanorod sensors.
Examples of electromagnetic sensors include current sensors, Daly detectors, electroscopes, electron multipliers, Faraday cups, galvanometers, Hall effect sensors, Hall probes, magnetic anomaly detectors, magnetometers, magnetoresistances, mems magnetic field sensors, metal detectors, planar hall sensors, radio direction finders, and voltage detectors.
Examples of environmental sensors include actinometers, air pollution sensors, bedwetting alarms, ceilometers, dew warnings, electrochemical gas sensors, fish counters, frequency domain sensors, gas detectors, hook gauge evaporimeters, humistors, hygrometers, leaf sensors, lysimeters, pyranometers, pyrgeometers, psychrometers, rain gauges, rain sensors, seismometers, SNOTEL sensors, snow gauges, soil moisture sensors, stream gauges, and tide gauges. Examples of flow and fluid velocity sensors include air flow meters, anemometers, flow sensors, gas meter, mass flow sensors, and water meters.
Examples of radiation and particle sensors include cloud chambers, Geiger counters, Geiger-Muller tubes, ionisation chambers, neutron detections, proportional counters, scintillation counters, semiconductor detectors, and thermoluminescent dosimeters. Examples of navigation instruments include air speed indicators, altimeters, attitude indicators, depth gauges, fluxgate compasses, gyroscopes, inertial navigation systems, inertial reference nits, magnetic compasses, MHD sensors, ring laser gyroscopes, turn coordinators, tialinx sensors, variometers, vibrating structure gyroscopes, and yaw rate sensors.
Examples of position, angle, displacement, distance, speed, and acceleration sensors include auxanometers, capacitive displacement sensors, capacitive sensing devices, flex sensors, free fall sensors, gravimeters, gyroscopic sensors, impact sensors, inclinometers, integrated circuit piezoelectric sensors, laser rangefinders, laser surface velocimeters, Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) sensors, linear encoders, linear variable differential transformers (LVDT), liquid capacitive inclinometers odometers, photoelectric sensors, piezoelectric accelerometers, position sensors, position sensitive devices, angular rate sensors, rotary encoders, rotary variable differential transformers, selsyns, shock detectors, shock data loggers, tilt sensors, tachometers, ultrasonic thickness gauges, variable reluctance sensors, and velocity receivers.
Examples of optical, light, imaging, and photon sensors include charge-coupled devices, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensors, colorimeters, contact image sensors, electro-optical sensors, flame detectors, infra-red sensors, kinetic inductance detectors, led as light sensors, light-addressable potentiometric sensors, Nichols radiometers, fiber optic sensors, optical position sensors, thermopile laser sensors, photodetectors, photodiodes, photomultiplier tubes, phototransistors, photoelectric sensors, photoionization detectors, photomultipliers, photoresistors, photoswitches, phototubes, scintillometers, Shack-Hartmann sensors, single-photon avalanche diodes, superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, transition edge sensors, visible light photon counters, and wavefront sensors.
Examples of pressure sensors include barographs, barometers, boost gauges, bourdon gauges, hot filament ionization gauges, ionization gauges, McLeod gauges, oscillating u-tubes, permanent downhole gauges, piezometers, pirani gauges, pressure sensors, pressure gauges, tactile sensors, and time pressure gauges. Examples of force, density, and level sensors include bhangmeters, hydrometers, force gauge and force sensors, level sensors, load cells, magnetic level gauges, nuclear density gauges, piezocapacitive pressure sensors, piezoelectric sensors, strain gauges, torque sensors, and viscometers.
Examples of thermal, heat, and temperature sensors include bolometers, bimetallic strips, calorimeters, exhaust gas temperature gauges, flame detections, Gardon gauges, Golay cells, heat flux sensors, infrared thermometers, microbolometers, microwave radiometers, net radiometers, quartz thermometers, resistance thermometers, silicon bandgap temperature sensors, special sensor microwave/imagers, temperature gauges, thermistors, thermocouples, thermometers, and pyrometers. Examples of proximity and presence sensors include alarm sensors, Doppler radars, motion detectors, occupancy sensors, proximity sensors, passive infrared sensors, reed switches, stud finders, triangulation sensors, touch switches, and wired gloves.
In some embodiments, different sensors send measurements or other data to building management platform 102 using a variety of different communications protocols or data formats. Building management platform 102 can be configured to ingest sensor data received in any protocol or data format and translate the inbound sensor data into a common data format. Building management platform 102 can create a sensor object smart entity for each sensor that communicates with Building management platform 102. Each sensor object smart entity may include one or more static attributes that describe the corresponding sensor, one or more dynamic attributes that indicate the most recent values collected by the sensor, and/or one or more relational attributes that relate sensors object smart entities to each other and/or to other types of smart entities (e.g., space entities, system entities, data entities, etc.).
In some embodiments, building management platform 102 stores sensor data using data entities. Each data entity may correspond to a particular sensor and may include a timeseries of data values received from the corresponding sensor. In some embodiments, building management platform 102 stores relational entities that define relationships between sensor object entities and the corresponding data entity. For example, each relational entity may identify a particular sensor object entity, a particular data entity, and may define a link between such entities.
Building management platform 102 can collect data from a variety of external systems or services. For example, building management platform 102 is shown receiving weather data from a weather service 152, news data from a news service 154, documents and other document-related data from a document service 156, and media (e.g., video, images, audio, social media, etc.) from a media service 158 (hereinafter referred to collectively as 3^(rd) party services). In some embodiments, building management platform 102 generates data internally. For example, building management platform 102 may include a web advertising system, a website traffic monitoring system, a web sales system, or other types of platform services that generate data. The data generated by building management platform 102 can be collected, stored, and processed along with the data received from other data sources. Building management platform 102 can collect data directly from external systems or devices or via a network 104 (e.g., a WAN, the Internet, a cellular network, etc.). Building management platform 102 can process and transform collected data to generate timeseries data and entity data. Several features of building management platform 102 are described in more detail below.
Building HVAC Systems and Building Management Systems
Referring now to FIGS. 2-5, several building management systems (BMS) and HVAC systems in which the systems and methods of the present disclosure can be implemented are shown, according to some embodiments. In brief overview, FIG. 2 shows a building 10 equipped with, for example, a HVAC system 200. Building 10 may be any of the buildings 210, 220, 230, and 140 as shown in FIG. 1, or may be any other suitable building that is communicatively connected to building management platform 102. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a waterside system 300 which can be used to serve building 10. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an airside system 400 which can be used to serve building 10. FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a building management system (BMS) which can be used to monitor and control building 10.
Building and HVAC System
Referring particularly to FIG. 2, a perspective view of a smart building 10 is shown. Building 10 is served by a BMS. A BMS is, in general, a system of devices configured to control, monitor, and manage equipment in or around a building or building area. A BMS can include, for example, a HVAC system, a security system, a lighting system, a fire alerting system, and any other system that is capable of managing building functions or devices, or any combination thereof. Further, each of the systems may include sensors and other devices (e.g., IoT devices) for the proper operation, maintenance, monitoring, and the like of the respective systems.
The BMS that serves building 10 includes a HVAC system 200. HVAC system 200 can include HVAC devices (e.g., heaters, chillers, air handling units, pumps, fans, thermal energy storage, etc.) configured to provide heating, cooling, ventilation, or other services for building 10. For example, HVAC system 200 is shown to include a waterside system 220 and an airside system 230. Waterside system 220 may provide a heated or chilled fluid to an air handling unit of airside system 230. Airside system 230 may use the heated or chilled fluid to heat or cool an airflow provided to building 10. An exemplary waterside system and airside system which can be used in HVAC system 200 are described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
HVAC system 200 is shown to include a chiller 202, a boiler 204, and a rooftop air handling unit (AHU) 206. Waterside system 220 may use boiler 204 and chiller 202 to heat or cool a working fluid (e.g., water, glycol, etc.) and may circulate the working fluid to AHU 206. In various embodiments, the HVAC devices of waterside system 220 can be located in or around building 10 (as shown in FIG. 2) or at an offsite location such as a central plant (e.g., a chiller plant, a steam plant, a heat plant, etc.). The working fluid can be heated in boiler 204 or cooled in chiller 202, depending on whether heating or cooling is required in building 10. Boiler 204 may add heat to the circulated fluid, for example, by burning a combustible material (e.g., natural gas) or using an electric heating element. Chiller 202 may place the circulated fluid in a heat exchange relationship with another fluid (e.g., a refrigerant) in a heat exchanger (e.g., an evaporator) to absorb heat from the circulated fluid. The working fluid from chiller 202 and/or boiler 204 can be transported to AHU 206 via piping 208.
AHU 206 may place the working fluid in a heat exchange relationship with an airflow passing through AHU 206 (e.g., via one or more stages of cooling coils and/or heating coils). The airflow can be, for example, outside air, return air from within building 10, or a combination of both. AHU 206 may transfer heat between the airflow and the working fluid to provide heating or cooling for the airflow. For example, AHU 206 can include one or more fans or blowers configured to pass the airflow over or through a heat exchanger containing the working fluid. The working fluid may then return to chiller 202 or boiler 204 via piping 210.
Airside system 230 may deliver the airflow supplied by AHU 206 (i.e., the supply airflow) to building 10 via air supply ducts 212 and may provide return air from building 10 to AHU 206 via air return ducts 214. In some embodiments, airside system 230 includes multiple variable air volume (VAV) units 216. For example, airside system 230 is shown to include a separate VAV unit 216 on each floor or zone of building 10. VAV units 216 can include dampers or other flow control elements that can be operated to control an amount of the supply airflow provided to individual zones of building 10. In other embodiments, airside system 230 delivers the supply airflow into one or more zones of building 10 (e.g., via supply ducts 212) without using intermediate VAV units 216 or other flow control elements. AHU 206 can include various sensors (e.g., temperature sensors, pressure sensors, etc.) configured to measure attributes of the supply airflow. AHU 206 may receive input from sensors located within AHU 206 and/or within the building zone and may adjust the flow rate, temperature, or other attributes of the supply airflow through AHU 206 to achieve setpoint conditions for the building zone.
Waterside System
Referring now to FIG. 3, a block diagram of a waterside system 300 is shown, according to some embodiments. In various embodiments, waterside system 300 may supplement or replace waterside system 220 in HVAC system 200 or can be implemented separate from HVAC system 200. When implemented in HVAC system 200, waterside system 300 can include a subset of the HVAC devices in HVAC system 200 (e.g., boiler 204, chiller 202, pumps, valves, etc.) and may operate to supply a heated or chilled fluid to AHU 206. The HVAC devices of waterside system 300 can be located within building 10 (e.g., as components of waterside system 220) or at an offsite location such as a central plant.
In FIG. 3, waterside system 300 is shown as a central plant having subplants 302-312. Subplants 302-312 are shown to include a heater subplant 302, a heat recovery chiller subplant 304, a chiller subplant 306, a cooling tower subplant 308, a hot thermal energy storage (TES) subplant 310, and a cold thermal energy storage (TES) subplant 312. Subplants 302-312 consume resources (e.g., water, natural gas, electricity, etc.) from utilities to serve thermal energy loads (e.g., hot water, cold water, heating, cooling, etc.) of a building or campus. For example, heater subplant 302 can be configured to heat water in a hot water loop 314 that circulates the hot water between heater subplant 302 and building 10. Chiller subplant 306 can be configured to chill water in a cold water loop 316 that circulates the cold water between chiller subplant 306 and building 10. Heat recovery chiller subplant 304 can be configured to transfer heat from cold water loop 316 to hot water loop 314 to provide additional heating for the hot water and additional cooling for the cold water. Condenser water loop 318 may absorb heat from the cold water in chiller subplant 306 and reject the absorbed heat in cooling tower subplant 308 or transfer the absorbed heat to hot water loop 314. Hot TES subplant 310 and cold TES subplant 312 may store hot and cold thermal energy, respectively, for subsequent use.
Hot water loop 314 and cold water loop 316 may deliver the heated and/or chilled water to air handlers located on the rooftop of building 10 (e.g., AHU 206) or to individual floors or zones of building 10 (e.g., VAV units 216). The air handlers push air past heat exchangers (e.g., heating coils or cooling coils) through which the water flows to provide heating or cooling for the air. The heated or cooled air can be delivered to individual zones of building 10 to serve thermal energy loads of building 10. The water then returns to subplants 302-312 to receive further heating or cooling.
Although subplants 302-312 are shown and described as heating and cooling water for circulation to a building, it is understood that any other type of working fluid (e.g., glycol, CO2, etc.) can be used in place of or in addition to water to serve thermal energy loads. In other embodiments, subplants 302-312 may provide heating and/or cooling directly to the building or campus without requiring an intermediate heat transfer fluid. These and other variations to waterside system 300 are within the teachings of the present disclosure.
Each of subplants 302-312 can include a variety of equipment configured to facilitate the functions of the subplant. For example, heater subplant 302 is shown to include heating elements 320 (e.g., boilers, electric heaters, etc.) configured to add heat to the hot water in hot water loop 314. Heater subplant 302 is also shown to include several pumps 322 and 324 configured to circulate the hot water in hot water loop 314 and to control the flow rate of the hot water through individual heating elements 320. Chiller subplant 306 is shown to include chillers 332 configured to remove heat from the cold water in cold water loop 316. Chiller subplant 306 is also shown to include several pumps 334 and 336 configured to circulate the cold water in cold water loop 316 and to control the flow rate of the cold water through individual chillers 332.
Heat recovery chiller subplant 304 is shown to include heat recovery heat exchangers 326 (e.g., refrigeration circuits) configured to transfer heat from cold water loop 316 to hot water loop 314. Heat recovery chiller subplant 304 is also shown to include several pumps 328 and 330 configured to circulate the hot water and/or cold water through heat recovery heat exchangers 326 and to control the flow rate of the water through individual heat recovery heat exchangers 326. Cooling tower subplant 308 is shown to include cooling towers 338 configured to remove heat from the condenser water in condenser water loop 318. Cooling tower subplant 308 is also shown to include several pumps 340 configured to circulate the condenser water in condenser water loop 318 and to control the flow rate of the condenser water through individual cooling towers 338.
Hot TES subplant 310 is shown to include a hot TES tank 342 configured to store the hot water for later use. Hot TES subplant 310 may also include one or more pumps or valves configured to control the flow rate of the hot water into or out of hot TES tank 342. Cold TES subplant 312 is shown to include cold TES tanks 344 configured to store the cold water for later use. Cold TES subplant 312 may also include one or more pumps or valves configured to control the flow rate of the cold water into or out of cold TES tanks 344.
In some embodiments, one or more of the pumps in waterside system 300 (e.g., pumps 322, 324, 328, 330, 334, 336, and/or 340) or pipelines in waterside system 300 include an isolation valve associated therewith. Isolation valves can be integrated with the pumps or positioned upstream or downstream of the pumps to control the fluid flows in waterside system 300. In various embodiments, waterside system 300 can include more, fewer, or different types of devices and/or subplants based on the particular configuration of waterside system 300 and the types of loads served by waterside system 300.
Airside System
Referring now to FIG. 4, a block diagram of an airside system 400 is shown, according to some embodiments. In various embodiments, airside system 400 may supplement or replace airside system 230 in HVAC system 200 or can be implemented separate from HVAC system 200. When implemented in HVAC system 200, airside system 400 can include a subset of the HVAC devices in HVAC system 200 (e.g., AHU 206, VAV units 216, ducts 212-214, fans, dampers, etc.) and can be located in or around building 10. Airside system 400 may operate to heat or cool an airflow provided to building 10 using a heated or chilled fluid provided by waterside system 300.
In FIG. 4, airside system 400 is shown to include an economizer-type air handling unit (AHU) 402. Economizer-type AHUs vary the amount of outside air and return air used by the air handling unit for heating or cooling. For example, AHU 402 may receive return air 404 from building zone 406 via return air duct 408 and may deliver supply air 410 to building zone 406 via supply air duct 412. In some embodiments, AHU 402 is a rooftop unit located on the roof of building 10 (e.g., AHU 206 as shown in FIG. 2) or otherwise positioned to receive both return air 404 and outside air 414. AHU 402 can be configured to operate exhaust air damper 416, mixing damper 418, and outside air damper 420 to control an amount of outside air 414 and return air 404 that combine to form supply air 410. Any return air 404 that does not pass through mixing damper 418 can be exhausted from AHU 402 through exhaust damper 416 as exhaust air 422.
Each of dampers 416-420 can be operated by an actuator. For example, exhaust air damper 416 can be operated by actuator 424, mixing damper 418 can be operated by actuator 426, and outside air damper 420 can be operated by actuator 428. Actuators 424-428 may communicate with an AHU controller 430 via a communications link 432. Actuators 424-428 may receive control signals from AHU controller 430 and may provide feedback signals to AHU controller 430. Feedback signals can include, for example, an indication of a current actuator or damper position, an amount of torque or force exerted by the actuator, diagnostic information (e.g., results of diagnostic tests performed by actuators 424-428), status information, commissioning information, configuration settings, calibration data, and/or other types of information or data that can be collected, stored, or used by actuators 424-428. AHU controller 430 can be an economizer controller configured to use one or more control algorithms (e.g., state-based algorithms, extremum seeking control (ESC) algorithms, proportional-integral (PI) control algorithms, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithms, model predictive control (MPC) algorithms, feedback control algorithms, etc.) to control actuators 424-428.
Still referring to FIG. 4, AHU 304 is shown to include a cooling coil 434, a heating coil 436, and a fan 438 positioned within supply air duct 412. Fan 438 can be configured to force supply air 410 through cooling coil 434 and/or heating coil 436 and provide supply air 410 to building zone 406. AHU controller 430 may communicate with fan 438 via communications link 440 to control a flow rate of supply air 410. In some embodiments, AHU controller 430 controls an amount of heating or cooling applied to supply air 410 by modulating a speed of fan 438.
Cooling coil 434 may receive a chilled fluid from waterside system 300 (e.g., from cold water loop 316) via piping 442 and may return the chilled fluid to waterside system 300 via piping 444. Valve 446 can be positioned along piping 442 or piping 444 to control a flow rate of the chilled fluid through cooling coil 434. In some embodiments, cooling coil 434 includes multiple stages of cooling coils that can be independently activated and deactivated (e.g., by AHU controller 430, by BMS controller 466, etc.) to modulate an amount of cooling applied to supply air 410.
Each of valves 446 and 452 can be controlled by an actuator. For example, valve 446 can be controlled by actuator 454 and valve 452 can be controlled by actuator 456. Actuators 454-456 may communicate with AHU controller 430 via communications links 458-460. Actuators 454-456 may receive control signals from AHU controller 430 and may provide feedback signals to controller 430. In some embodiments, AHU controller 430 receives a measurement of the supply air temperature from a temperature sensor 462 positioned in supply air duct 412 (e.g., downstream of cooling coil 434 and/or heating coil 436). AHU controller 430 may also receive a measurement of the temperature of building zone 406 from a temperature sensor 464 located in building zone 406.
In some embodiments, AHU controller 430 operates valves 446 and 452 via actuators 454-456 to modulate an amount of heating or cooling provided to supply air 410 (e.g., to achieve a setpoint temperature for supply air 410 or to maintain the temperature of supply air 410 within a setpoint temperature range). The positions of valves 446 and 452 affect the amount of heating or cooling provided to supply air 410 by cooling coil 434 or heating coil 436 and may correlate with the amount of energy consumed to achieve a desired supply air temperature. AHU controller 430 may control the temperature of supply air 410 and/or building zone 406 by activating or deactivating coils 434-436, adjusting a speed of fan 438, or a combination of both.
Still referring to FIG. 4, airside system 400 is shown to include a building management system (BMS) controller 466 and a client device 468. BMS controller 466 can include one or more computer systems (e.g., servers, supervisory controllers, subsystem controllers, etc.) that serve as system level controllers, application or data servers, head nodes, or master controllers for airside system 400, waterside system 300, HVAC system 200, and/or other controllable systems that serve building 10. BMS controller 466 may communicate with multiple downstream building systems or subsystems (e.g., HVAC system 200, a security system, a lighting system, waterside system 300, etc.) via a communications link 470 according to like or disparate protocols (e.g., LON, BACnet, etc.). In various embodiments, AHU controller 430 and BMS controller 466 can be separate (as shown in FIG. 4) or integrated. In an integrated implementation, AHU controller 430 can be a software module configured for execution by a processor of BMS controller 466.
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Possibly there was communication with Byzantium as well as Rome, or some Byzantine work must have come through Rome to England, and if so that would be accounted for. With regard to the hand, in one of the beautiful slides shown on the screen, they were accustomed to suppose that the figure of the Saviour with the hand raised was in the attitude of benediction ; they knew that the Western church blessed in the name of a Trinity, with three fingers up and two down, while the Eastern church blessed in the name of Jesus Christ, and it appeared to him that the fingers with the curious bend were rather intended for the Eastern form of benediction. If so that would be another reason for supposing there was some Byzantine influence at work. The Chairman said it was not usual for the Chair- man to answer questions put in the course of the discussion, but as he had been appealed to on two points he would do his best. First, with regard to the hand in the attitude of benediction. Curiously enough it occurred as the principal type on the reverse of a long series of Saxon coins, struck during the reign of Ethelred II., and it was thoroughly understood as the hand of Providence coming down with the two fingers extended in that manner, with Alpha and Omega on either side, showing really what was designated by the hand in that particular form. This was good evidence that at an early 470 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTS. \^April 8, 1898. 1 period the hand in that position was considered to be the hand of Providence in the attitude of benediction. With regard to the art of Mycenae, that would open up a very wide field for discussion, but he might say that, owing to the peculiar forms of orna- mentation ot some gold ornaments found at Mycenae, they were at first attributed to the period of about A.D. 300 or 400, instead of 1200 or 1400 B.C., as they should have been. This was due to their great resem- blance to what were known as late Celtic patterns. He had now to propose a vote of thanks to Sir Edward Thompson for the interesting paper he had given. They must all have felt that not only was the matter admirably arranged, but that the illustrations were excellent of their kind, and conveyed exactly what the author of the paper wanted to demonstrate. It was remarkable how in those early Lindisfarne docu- ments you found a survival of the style of ornamenta- tion which prevailed in this country before the Christian era. About the time of the Roman invasion, now known as the late Celtic-period, they had a number of highly ornamental objects, a few shields, but more especially miirors ; and at Glaston- burg certain wooden vessels had been found decorated in a peculiar manner with outlines of circles — com- passes having recently been introduced — and those portions were sub-divided by other circular lines and the spaces between were ornamented with cross- hatching. There was a peculiarly graceful and flow- ing character about this ornamentation, and some of the backs of the miiTors were very excellent samples of what could be done by means of a simple com- bination of a few curved lines, combined with a small amount of cross-hatching. There were also some brooches and ornaments on which there were spiral patterns closely coinciding with those found in some of the Lindisfarne ornaments, and that peculiar interlaced pattern which was found on the MSS., and also on the corners of stone crosses, a sort of basket-work pattern which seemed to have originated from the plaiting together of osiers, which prevailed very largely on the crosses in the north. At the same time that simple form of interlaced ornament was not entirely absent in Italy and other parts of the Continent. In ail probability there was an inter- change between north and south, quite as much as at present by the migration of monks and ecclesiastics from one portion of the dominion of Rome to another. The system of drapery, to which allusion had been made, was certainly of a Roman character, and it would be found from time to time, even in the vSaxon period, that devices engraved on Saxon coins were derived from common Roman coins that were turned up in the soil; not unfrequently, the “wolf and twins ” were struck at a period 500 or 600 years after the coins on which they originally appeared had been issued. The vote of thanks having been passed unanimously. Sir Edward Maunde Thompson, in reply, said with regard to the Byzantine feeling, which Mr. Stannus observed in some of the drawings, it was perfectly true that Byzantine art had a great influence on the art of Western Europe ; but there was a broad division between the Anglo-Saxon drawing and that of the Continent : that is, that while the Continent was following what was the real Byzantine style, the source of English drawing was Roman, but still no doubt slightly influenced by the Byzantine school. If you took the manuscripts produced in the Frankish Empire of Charlemagne, and put them side by side with the English, there could be no hesitation in at once drawing the line between the Byzantine style and the classical style, meaning by the latter the Roman, as followed in the two schools. Miscellaneous. ♦ GOVERNMENT PURCHASE OF RAIL- WAYS IN SWITZERLAND. At the election held in February last to settle the long and bitterly discussed question of the purchase of the five main railway lines of Switzerland by the Government, the total number of votes cast was 560,892, each citizen above the age of 21 having the right of voting. Of this number of votes 384,382 were in favour of, and 179,511 against the purchase, making a majority in favour of Government ownership of 207,871. The lines to be purchased are as follows : — ^Jura Simplon, Swiss North-East, Swiss Central. United Swiss, and Gotthard. On the 6th of December, 1891, the question of the purchase of the Swiss Central Railway was voted upon and the vote cast was 420,500. According to Consul-General Du Bois, of St. Gall, the number in favour of the purchase was 130,500 and the number opposed was 290,000, the majority against the purchase being 169,500. Thus it will be seen that there has been since 1891 a great change in the minds of the people of Switzerland concerning the Government ownership of railways, and this change has been brought about by a thorough discussion of the subject in the Press and on the 8, 1898.] JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTS. 47 platform. The amounts estimated as being the cost of construction and equipment of the five main lines are as follows: — Jura Simplon, 10,900,000 ; Swiss North-East, £8,8^0, 000 ; Swiss Centriil, 5,640,000 ; United Swiss, ^,^3, 050, 000 ; Gotthard, ^^9, 758,000, total ;^38, 198,000. The total length is 1,700 miles, and the amount that the Government will have to pay for these roads is estimated at about ^^40,000,000. The total receipts in 1897 were ^^4, 144,000. An average of 5 per cent, dividends have been declared during the past five years. The number of persons employed is about 25,000. Correspondence. ♦ STAINED GLASS AND MOSAIC IVORY 1 feel myself quite unequal to contend on any point of practical art with my distinguished colleague in the Applied Art Section of the Society of Arts, Mr. Lewis Day, yet am strongly moved to most respect- fully protest against his dilatation of the term mosaic to the inclusion in this class of artistic pro- duction of a stained, coloured, or painted glass window; which he deliberately says is “ quite strictly a mosaic, — as much a mosaic as, for example, a Roman pavement.” He indeed endeavours to draw a distinction between a window ornamented with a pattern in stained glass, and one decorated with a picture, as a scene from the lives of the saints, in pictorially stained, or, more strictly speaking, “ painted ” glass. But if you begin dilating technical terms, which are useless and misleading unless strictly contracted in their application, and unless they exactly, even if arbitrarily, define the things meant by them, you cannot consistently draw any real distinction be- tween a pattern-painted window and a scene-stained window : and if ornamental writing, water-colouring, and “ illumination,” patterning and picturing in “oils,” enamels, and coloured wax, embroidery and weaving, and mosaic work, are all fonns of painting (and mosaic has been enthusiastically said to be “ the only painting for eternity ”), a patterned window is as much a painted window as is a pictured window, and no more a mosaic than a pictured window is a mosaic. The truth is that the use of a transparent, however highly tinctured, glass, instead of stone, or clay, or glass rendered opaque by being incrusted with gold, i.e. “ Greek [Byzantine] glass” [with which St. Sophia’s and St. Marc’s are “ glorious within”], makes all the difference, and the real distinction, between a stained or painted window and a mosaic. It is simply an abuse of terms talking of a window as a transparent mosaic. There is no such thing as a transparent mosaic ; and there is no such thing as an opaque window, unless the term window is also to be extended so as to include a door ! The word “glass” means primarily “transparent,” like the “ spacious firmament on high,” and secondarily. sky-blue (“ L'rench grey ”) ; and radically it is the same word as glaze, glamour, glance, y\av^,* gleam, glimmer, glimpse, gloss (not “ gloss,” a commentar}’;, glow, gloom, and glum, and glacier, and gladness, and glory; and w-e have the w’ord also in such British place-names as Glaisdale, Glaslin, Glas-nevin, and (through “St. Kentigern,” corrupted to Glaschu, “grey-hound”) in Glasgow. Translucency, glow, gleam, and glamour, are of the very essence of decorative glass, and it is only when glass is rendered opaque, as in the Venetian [and old Roman] mille- Jiori that it is technically called “ mosaic glass” ! On the other hand, opacity is of the very essence of mosaic work, as is plainly indicated by its Greek designation \p-fj(pcuais, “pebble-” or “cobble-work,” and its original Latin designation, “ pavimentum lithostrotum.” Mosaic is a term of Low Latin origin, and in no w'ork in late Latin on the industrial arts, is the term, so far as I am aware, ever applied to the ornamentation of a window with stained glass. The word is “ musaic,” pertaining (not to Moses or to the mosque of St. Sophia, as have both been seriously said, but) to the Muses \cf\ music, f museum], and therefore, etymologically, the w'ord applies to anything ornamental or artistic ; so that, if people w ill be un- technical, an oil painting, or a statue, or an opera, or my “ calligraphy,” — any of these is a mosaic. The earliest]; description, of wLich I am aware, of a stained glass window is in Prudentius [a.d. 348 — ?4io], w'ho praising the beauty of the glass in the window's of the Basilica of St. Paolo fuori le Mura at Rome, built by Constantine, || exclaims, “ Thus the meadow's laugh with the flowers of Spring ” : — “ Sic prata vernis floribus renident.” These w'indow's were evidently in the earlier Oriental style of decorative glazing, of which we have a very effective modern example in the windows designed and executed by Mr. C. Purdon Clarke for the little English church at Alexandria. Later, there is a description of stained glass windows, but whether pictured or not is perhaps ambiguous, in Sidonius Apollinaris [a.d. 431-482]: — “Ac sub versicoloribus figuris \ Vernans herbida crusta saphiratos, Flectit per prasinum vitrum lapillos.’’ • Compare Aglaia, &c. t In the romance of Parthenopex, we read: — “ Et sont d’or Musique aorne.” + Lactantius (De Opificio Dei) and St. Jerome, in the 3rd and 4th centuries, mention glass windows, but it is doubtful if their references are to coloured windows. .After Prudentius and Sidonius, we have frequent references to, and descrip- tions of, coloured windows, as in Eraclius [loth century] De Artibus Romanorum, Rugerus [“Theophilus the Alonk,” 12th century] De Diversibus Artibus, and Alexius [i6th century] De Secretis. II Enlarged by Valentinian II. and Theodosius, and burnt down 1823. } In the church of St. Agnes at Rome there is an inscrip- tion, two lines of which are worth quoting in this con- nection : — “ Aurea concisis pictura metalli Et complexa siraul clauditur ipsa dies.” I cannot give the date of the inscriptio 472 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTS. {April 8, 1898. Mr. Lewis Day justly stigmatises the affectation of people who “go on mumbling the old legend of ‘ lost secrets ’ in the art of glass-making.” It is due partly to the old confusion of the craft-term “mystery,” which is but “magistery” or “mastery,” or, as some have it, “ministry,” with “mystery” {cf'. mum, mute), a “secret” revealed only to the initiated, and hidden from the profane Auilgar. There is the same confusion in the use by ignorant persons of the phrase “mystery play,” which but means a play acted by “ craftsmen.” Yet there were “masteries,” long laid aside by us, in the framing of a glass window, which might be revived with advantage ; and one was the dividing of the coloured plates of glass with red hot pincers, instead of with the diamond. The present practice is said to have originated in a lover’s quairel between Francis I. and the Duchess d’Etampes. In his anger he scratched deeply with a diamond ring on a plane of glass, still preserved at the Chateau Chambord, the well-known lines : — “ Souvent femme varie, Mai habil qui s’y fie.” It is a charming story, and all the modem mode of cutting stained glass has to recommend it. Our Lady’s^Day, i8q8. George Birdwood. P.S. — The Golden “Ampulla” of the British Regalia. — With reference to the suggestion I threw out in the discussion on Mr. Cyril Davenport’s paper on the “British Regalia” that, the golden “ampulla” said to have been expressly made for the coronation of Charles II. might not have been intended to represent, as is usually said, an eagle, but a dove, “the anointing dove,” — a suggestion I held to be supported by the tradition of the original “ampulla” used in the coronation of Henry IV., 13th Oct., 1399, having been a gift of the Virgin Mary — I find that a similar tradition existed in Old France regarding la sainte ampulle kept in the tomb of St. Remy in the cathedral at Rheims, for use at the coronation of the French kings. According to the legend, this true ampulla — a glass phial — was brought down from heaven by a dove, for the baptism and coro- nation— by St. Remy — of King Clovis, A.D. 496. The phial was broken to pieces by the Revolutionists in 1793 ; but its contents, the consecrated semi-solid chrism of mixed balm and frankincense, were, however, saved by the Abbe Seraine, and were used at the consecration of Charles X. in 1825. They are still prescr\^ed in the original shrine in the cathedral of Rheims. After this, I feel certain that the “ampulla” of Charles II. was never intended — or only of “ second- hand intention,” as “When things by wrongful names you mention ” — to be an eagle : and in form it is not an eagle, any more than it is a dove, but a plucked turkey, 01 rather fowl — la sainte poule, in fact. All Fools Day, GeO. B. 1898. STAINED GLASS WINDOWS. Mr. John Leighton, F.S.A., writes In “the making of a stained glass window,” the great difficul- ties the designer has to contend with are the leadings and the obscurations of light by the stanchions that grin at you from the interior, and are hardly decorative from the exterior, a defect that could not be overcome! unless the leads w^ere gilt and the stanchions painted brightly, to come forw’ard instead of retire as they now do, and thus overcome their sombre aspect ;■ for, say what you will, the window's of ecclesiastical edifices as seen from the exterior by daylight are melancholy objects — objects that the French painters sur verre have sought to overcome by using glass] that, whilst transparent, is to a certain extent opaque, and I have now before me some samples well suited to the sunny south, though prohibitive here, wherel the sun is seen so seldom. A propos of leading and the use of iron stanchions,i I might note that in 1851, Messrs. Pilkington, of St. Helen’s, exhibited at the First International Exhibition plates of painted glass in single sheets ^ designed by Mr. Frank How^ard and by myself, the same having been fired many times, the only objection to huge single plates being that in case of fracture, all was lost. We might have our raihvay stations enlivened by maps, views of towns, or even pictorial posters, that should be agreeable in colour, and at the same time instructive ; but these features should be free from shade and dependent upon hue alone, that light may freely enter, somewhat like the Japanese colour prints so copied in the present day, and not unlike the lights in single sheets that I exhibited at the Royal Academy many years since, prior to their being done by Pilkington, for Holford- house, on the single plates. General Notes. ♦ Science Abstracts. — A new periodical entitled “ Science Abstracts : Physics and Electrical Engineer- ing” (of which two numbers have been issued), is published monthly under the direction of the Institu- tion of Electrical Engineers and of the Physical Society, and the hon. editor is Mr. J. Swinburne. The arrangement of the abstracts follow'ed in each number is as follows : — General Physics, Light, Heat, Sound, Electricity, Electro-Chemistry and Chemical Physics, General Electrical Engineering, Dynamos, Motors and Transformers, Power Distribution, Traction and Lighting, Telegraphy and Telephony. Each number contains over one hundred abstracts of papers in the chief foreign and English journals. April 15, 1898.] 473 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTS. ^Journal of tjbt Societg of No. 2,369. VoL. XLVI. ♦ FRIDAY, APRIL 15, 1898. All communications for the Society should be addressed to the Secretary, John-street, Adelphi, London, IV. C. Proceedings of the Society. ♦ INDIAN SECTION. Thursday, March 31 ; Sir DENNIS Fitz- patrick, K.C.S.I., Member of the Council of India, in the chair. The Chairman, in opening the proceedings, said to many of those present, and especially to those who had been in Assam, Mr. Luttman-Johnson needed no introduction. For a larger number of years than usual, he occupied a high and important position there, and was known, not only as an official of great ability, but also as a man of gieat powers of observation, and of deep sympathy with the people. He also possessed in an unusual degree the faculty of graphic description, so that he could arouse interest in whatever subject he dealt with. He felt sure, therefore, that his paper would be both interesting and instnictive. The paper read was — THE EARTHQUAKE IN ASSAM. By H. Luttman-Johnson, I.C.S. Contents. — Description of Assam — Geological description — What an earthquake is — Earthquake origin — Depth of origin and velocity — Assam an earthquake area — Former earthquakes — This earthquake the most violent — Effects of earthquake at principal stations : Shillong, Mr. McCabe, Gauhati, Sylhet,Tura — Experience of civil surgeon of Goalpara — Conduct of native servants — Conduct of native population — Further troubles — Message from the Queen — Behaviour of animals— Damage to roads and railways— Tea gardens— Effects in Bengal —Fissures — Geysers — Upheaval of river beds — Buildings — Extension of earthquake — No seismological result — Conclusion. Description of Assam. I propose to take you this afternoon to rather a remote corner of India — indeed, a remote corner of the earth. If you will turn your mind’s eye to the map of our great dependency, you will see that to the north-east it overlaps Burmah, the Straits Settlements, &c. Here the red line which distinguishes British terri- tory extends almost to the western borders of China. The overlapping corner is the British province of Assam. It is bounded on the north by the Himalayan mountains, on the east by hills bordering on China and liurmah, on the south by Burmah and the huge province of Bengal, on the west by the same province. The province consists of two valleys running east and west, with a range of hill country rising some 5,000 feet above the sea between them. It also contains within its limits a large stretch of hill country on the confines of Burmah, while the hill tribes of the Himalayan mountains on the north and north-east are more or less within its administrative group. The northern valley is that of the great Brahmaputra river, which, after draining a large part of Thibet beyond the Himalayan mountains on the north, breaks through those mountains nearly due south, and then flows west by south till it reaches the province of Bengal. The southern valley is named after its principal river the Surma. The northern valley is some 450 miles long from east to west,., and from 60 to 40 miles broad ; the southern is only some 150 miles long from east to west, , and about the same breadth as the northern valley. But though the northern valley is so much the larger, the populations of the two valleys are about the same. Something in the climatic conditions of the northern valley militates against increase of population and cultivation, whereas the southern valley is almost fully populated. The northern valley is inhabited by a mixed population largely IMon- golian in origin ; the southern tract is inhabited by Bengalis. The hill tract lying between the two valleys is very sparsely inhabited by very in- teresting and very primitive peoples. Formerly these outlying parts were under the Government of Bengal, but in 1874, partly in order to relieve that Government, which was thought to be too large, partly because it was thought that these backward, undeveloped tracts suffered from their union with the strictly regulation province of Bengal, they were con- stituted into a separate province. The upper part of the northern or Brahmaputra valley had long been called Assam, a name perhaps derived from the Ahoms, a people of Shan origin, who ruled there in former times. To the natives of Hindustan this old Assam is an uncanny, ill-omened land— a land of mysteries and terrors, not probably on account of its earthquakes or its plagues, but rather because it is either non-Hindu or only supeifficially Hinduised. The name is w'ell known in this country because the province produces tea in 474 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTS. {April 15, 1898. large quantities. The cultivation of this product has brought a large number of European settlers to the province. It is rather a British colony than an Indian province, so prevalent is the tea industry. No other part of India owes so much to this class. Geological Description of Assam. Both the northern and southern valleys are more or less alluvial. The eastern end of the southern valley is deltaic. Both valleys are pro- bably areas of subsidence. The central range is composed of more or less hard crystalline rocks, through which an earthquake shock would be transmitted with great readiness.* The geological character of this central range connects it rather with Western Bengal and the peninsula of India than with the Himalayas on the north. The Himalayan mountains are composed of indurated rocks, also well adapted in themselves for the transmission of earth- quake shocks, but mountain ranges are found to form a barrier to the transverse progress of earthquakes, probably because the shocks have to cross the strike of the strata flanking them. The southern face of the central range presents some very remarkable phenomena of upheaval or subsidence. Coal is found elevated to a height 4,000 feet above the level of the sea, accompanied by a series of rocks, lime- stone, and sandstone, similar to that at the base of the hills a few feet above the sea level. t It is probable that this entire group of strata, both that part which is now at the top of the hill and that which is at the bottom, some 2,000 feet thick, was deposited and formed in water of no great depth. Subsequently, either the northern part of the group was elevated to its present position or the southern part subsided. It is probable that the present steep southern face of this central range is formed along a great line of fault. J I mention this because the majority of earthquakes are probably due to faulting, and the origin of the recent earth- quake is supposed to lie somewhere in this region. The alluvial deposit too in this part below the hills exhibits signs of upheaval or subsidence. |1 * “ Cacliar Earthquake, 1869,” '‘Memoirs of Geological Survey,” vol. 19, p. 86. t “Memoirs of Indian Earthquakes,” “Journal Asiatic Society of llengal,” vol. 12, part 2, p. 1044. t Oldham, “ Geology of Khan Hills,” pp. 48-49. II Ohlham, “Geology of India,” p. 443. Medlicott, “Shil- long Plateau,” “ ]\Icmoirs of Geological Survey,” vol. 7, P- 155- What an Earthquake is.* : The description I am about to give of j the Jubilee earthquake in Assam will only be | intelligible to those who know what an earth- j quake is. As many of you have probably not studied seismology, I will explain as shortly as possible what an earthquake is. When a blow is given to any elastic body or material, the blow — that is, the wave or impulse gene- rated by the blow — travels through or along the body or material ; in other words, the particles which form the body or material first struck have pushed forward the particles immediately in front of them, which in their turn, after communicating the motion to the particles in front of them, again return to their original position, and so on. Now imagine an explosion of some kind to take place at some point inside an elastic material. The impulse or elastic wave generated by this explosion will travel from it in the manner I have described in all directions. If the explosion occurs in the centre of a sphere of homogeneous material, its impulse or wave will touch the outside at all points at the same time. The sphere will be distended as a bladder blown out with air, and will then again contract. What we call an elastic wave is rather a back- wards and forwards pulsation or vibration, and must not be confounded with waves of water which depend on the action of gravity. It is propagated in a manner similar to that in which sound vibrations are propagated. Now suppose the blow to be struck not in the centre, but at some point near the surface of the sphere. The vibration will reach the outside of the sphere at the point nearest to the blow verti- cally, at all other points at an angle greater or smaller according to the distance from the vertical J’point. Imagine a marble consisting of a number of concentric shells inside a foot- ball, each shell representing a vibration, and let the blow be struck in the exact centre of the marble. The vibration or impulse will reach the crust of the football first vertically at the point where the marble touches it, and it will come out on the outside of the football through the crust just opposite that point. It will reach other points of the surface of the football later, and at a greater or less angle, according to their distance from the vertical point. This vertical point is called by seis- mologists the epicentrum, the point where the blow is struck or the explosion occurs * “ Earthquakes” (Milne), vol. 56, “ International Scientific Series,” chapter 3. April 15, 1898 ] JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTS. 475 the centrum or origin, the line joining these points the seismic vertical. The angle at which the wave comes out on the surface of the ■earth is called the angle of emergence. The emergence of waves of elastic compression on the surface of the earth causes the undulations so familiar in earthquakes. Of course the earth is in no sense a homo- geneous medium like the air in a football or the material of a marble. The elasticity of the parts of which it is composed varies ■enormously, and the parts themselves are permeated by fissures and faults. It has been calculated that nearly seven-eighths of the full velocity of the earthquake wave due to the material if solid and continuous is lost by reason of the heterogeneity and discontinuity of the rocky masses as they are found piled together in nature. This want of homogeneity of course affects the so-called waves in many different ways, which I have not time to explain. Then the original blow or explosion may be of various kinds. For instance, a long break or fissure would produce waves differing from those produced by a short one. Lastly, we may have waves not only of elastic compres- sion, which I have described produced by alteration of volume, but also waves of elastic distortion produced by alteration of shape. From all which you will readily understand that earthquake motion is an extremely com- plicated phenomenon — indeed, an earthquake is rather a thing of freaks and eccentricities than of law. Earthquake Origins. When an earthquake occurs we are told that the first thing we have to do is to find out where it originated, so that we may be able to avoid that part of the country, or at least make arrangements for future earthquakes emanating from the same origin. In order to find out where an earthquake originates, we must observe its direction. If in one place to the west, the direction is from east to west, in another place further east, from west to east, we infer that the origin is situated somewhere between the two places. Personal observations of direction are extremely unreliable. But in the absence of recording instruments we can generally get a good idea of direction from the way in which walls, columns, and other objects have been overthrown, or fractured, or projected.* • “ Earthquakes ” (Milne) vol. 56, “ International Scientific Series,” p. 69. Depth of Origin and Velocity. Seismologists take great interest in ascer- taining the depth below the surface of the earth of the origin and the velocity with which the wave is propagated. If we know the angle at which the wave emerges on the surface of the earth at different places, we can easily calculate the depth from which it is propagated. This angle is calculated from the inclination of fissures produced in buildings. It is assumed that these figures are at right angles to the direction of the shock.* Again, if we have accurate records of the time at which an earth- quake reaches different places we can calculate its transit velocity, that is the speed at which the wave or impulse above described travels along or, rather, emerges upon the surface of the earth. t It is obvious that these calcula- tions must always give very uncertain results. In the present case we have no cracks. When the Director of the Geological Survey tele- graphed to be sure to observe and record all cracks in walls, the answer was, “ There are no walls left.” The final results of the investigations made by the members of the Geological Survey of India into the Assam earthquake have not yet been published. From pre- liminary investigations it is supposed that the centrum of the Assam earthquake was somewhere west of the line joining Shillong and Sylhet, in the region of the great up- heaval or subsidence which I have noticed. Professor Omori, a Japanese seismologist, who was deputed to Assam to make enquiries into the earthquake, thinks it originated 20 miles below the surface. The famous Japanese earthquake of 1891 was found to have an origin 5 miles below the surface. While the intensity of that earthquake was four times that of the present one, the area of greatest disturbance in the present case is four times greater than it was in the Japan earthquake. From this the Professor argues that the origin of the recent earthquake is four times deeper than it was in the case of the Japan earthquake. Other big earthquakes have been found to originate from 5 to 30 miles below the sur- face of the earth. One has actually been traced to a depth of 50 miles. The velocity is said to have been 10,000 feet per second, or 112 miles per minute. Other • “Earthquakes” (Milne) vol. 56, “ International Scientific Series,” p. 213. + “ Earthquakes ” (Milne), vol. 56, “ International Scientific Series,” p. 87. 476 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTS. {April 15, 189S, famous earthquakes have had much smaller velocities, from 2,000 to 3,000 feet per second. But more recent earthquakes in Japan, where systematic observations have been car- ried on under the Earthquake Department, have produced velocities up to 9,000 feet. Telegraph signallers prove useful recorders of velocity. In two instances in Bengal where the quake was travelling east to west, tele- graph stations west were working stations east. There was stoppage due to earthquake at the east station, and almost immediately after- wards the quake reached the west station. Assam an Earthquake Country. As a rule, earthquakes are most frequent in volcanic districts. The Malay Archipelago is one of the volcanic districts of the world.* In Java, in Sumatra, there are many active volcanoes. North of Sumatra, we still find volcanoes, first Barren Island, which is a true volcano ; then, on the coast of Burmah, the mud volcanoes of Ramree Island, with Cheduba close to it in latitude about 19°. Near Chittagong there are many hot and cold springs giving forth inflammable gas. Further north, however, towards Assam, and in Assam, though there are hot springs and one mud volcano, there are no true volcanoes, either active or which have been recently active. Still, though not a volcanic tract, earthquakes are no new things in Assam, or indeed on the east side of India. The late Mr. Oldham, of the Geological Survey of India, compiled a list of Indian earthquakes observed without the aid of instruments. t In this list I find no earth- quakes recorded as having occurred in Eastern Bengal, Assam, and Burmah, up to 1869. In Assam alone in the twenty years ending 1869 there were some fifteen. This is, no doubt, a very incomplete list. We have only been 150 years in Bengal and 75 years in Assam, and before our time there was no systematic record of such events. In an old diary I find eleven earthquakes occurred at Dilvooghar, at the upper eastern end of the Brahmaputra Valley, between January, 1839, and September, 1843. All of these came from the south-west, indicating an origin in the central hill trail. Even in quite recent times, the record has been very incomplete. It is only recently that columnar seismometers have been in use. This seismometer consists of a series of round columns or cylinders of wood, or other ^ Lyell’s “ Principles of Geology.” t ” Memoirs of Geological Survey of India,” vol. 19, p. 163. material, placed on a level plane and sur- rounded by soft material to prevent their rolling when they fall. The number and dia- meters of the columns overthrown measure the intensity, while the direction of their fall gives v the direction of the shock. Such seismometers, are not sensitive to slight shocks, and exc'A wTere the shock suffices to overturn one or more columns, the information gir^en is not wholly reliable.* A long - continued gentle, shaking may overturn a column which would stand a very considerable sudden shock. Then > earthquakes often give columns, gravestonesy ' &c., a rotatory motion, which results in the- * columns falling in different directions. Besides. • the direction of motion of an earthquake ' seldom continues the same throughout the 1 disturbance. So far as earthquakes of sufficient intensity to be recorded without ■ the aid of instruments are concerned, we- ^ should have a complete record for the last ; 24 years, for the first Chief Commissioner. opened a register of them in 1874. I think ^ this was the first official notice taken of such • phenomena. The results of the record thus established have not, I am sorry to say, been, published. In Japan, where earthquakes have- been carefully recorded for 2,000 years, there are from 20 to 40 more or less destructive ones in a century, and many of these are local ; that is, are felt in particular localities only. Besides these there are something like two a day of sufficient intensity to be recorded with- out the aid of instruments. During the i8. years I was in Assam, I can recall some half- dozen more or less destructive earthquakes which is not far behind Japan. But in minor 1 earthquakes, Japan is cXeSivly facile Jr incelj, ‘ Former Earthquakes. Among large earthquakes in Assam and 1 neighbourhood, I may mention the following. ' I omit that of 1737, which, in Mr. Oldham’s j list, is alleged to have caused the steeple | of the principal church in Calcutta to sink into- i the ground, because it is now thought that ; the steeple was blown down by a cyclone and buried in mud by a storm-wave — a curious and interesting instance of the growth of myth. A very bad earthquake which occurred in j 1762 has become classic, that is, is referred to in all the text-books. t It -vyas specially violent at Dacca and Chittagong in Eastern Bengal, south of the present Province of • “ Earthquakes ” (Milne), p. 16. t “Joi^rnal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1843,” vol. 12, part 2, p. 1044. 15, 1898.] JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTS. M7 Assam. At the latter place the ground opened, throwing up water of a very sulphurous smell. The water gushed out prodigiously. In the chaise road, that is, the driving road, there were great chasms 2 feet wide and upwards. The bungalows (that is, houses of wooden frame and lath-and-plaster walls) proved very convenient on so melancholy an occasion. Brick houses must inevitably have been shattered and levelled to the ground. There was not a brick wall or house but was either greatly damaged or fallen. Anticipating the theory that an earthquake is an abortive at- tempt of pent-up forces to free themselves, the observer, hearing that two volcanoes had opened out, expresses a hope that they will prove a suffi- cient vent to discharge all the remaining sul- phurous water in the bowels of the country. There was another very severe earthquake in the eastern part of India in 1842.* This does not appear to have been very violent in Assam, though the focus of the seismic force lay at some distance north-east of Calcutta, that is towards Assam. We read this earth- quake was accompanied by a noise which at first resembled some mighty rushing wind and then the loud rattling of carriages over a stony street. Again, in 1869, there was a very serious disturbance, of which we have an admirable account by the late Mr. T. Oldham, of the Geological Survey of India. t The centrum or origin of this earthquake was traced to the northern edge of the hill tract which I have described as forming the centre of what is now the Province of Assam, north-east of the head-quarters station, Shillong. Its velocity was found to be some 7,000 feet per second. Several places in Assam, especially Carbuc, at the eastern end of the southern valley, suffered very severely. At Shillong, a good deal of damage was done. A prominent feature of this earthquake were fissures and openings throwing up sand and water. Again, there were destructive shocks in 1876 and 1885. The centrum of this last was some 200 miles north-east of Calcutta, some 60 miles south of the western end of the central range of Assam. t This earthquake did great damage in the parts of the Province of Bengal adjoining Assam. And there were many other shocks during the eighteen years I served in Assam, so that one came to regard them almost with contempt. * "Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1843," vol. 12, part I, p. 286. t “ Memoirs of Geological Survey of India," vol. 19. X “ Records of Geological Survey of India," vol. 18, p. 210. This Earthquake the Mo.st Violent. But no earthquake, so far as we can judge, has ever been so violent, or has wrought such havoc as the one I am about to describe this afternoon.
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Obtained crude peptides can be separated and/or purified by applying HPLC. Elution may be performed under optimum conditions using a water-acetonitrile solvent system, which is generally used for protein purification. The fractions corresponding to the peaks of the obtained chromatographic profile are collected and freeze-dried. Thus, purified peptide fractions are identified by molecular weight analysis via mass spectrum analysis, amino acid composition analysis, amino acid sequence analysis, or such.
Specific examples of IL-6 partial peptides and IL-6 receptor partial peptides are disclosed in JP-A (Kokai) H02-188600, JP-A (Kokai) H07-324097, JP-A (Kokai) H08-311098, and United States Patent Publication No. U.S. Pat. No. 5,210,075.
The antibodies used in the present invention may also be conjugated antibodies that are bound to various molecules, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), radioactive substances, and toxins. Such conjugated antibodies can be obtained by chemically modifying the obtained antibodies. Methods for modifying antibodies are already established in the art. The “antibodies” of the present invention encompass these conjugated antibodies.
The prostate cancer therapeutic agents of the present invention can be used to treat prostate cancer. Herein, prostate cancer refers to canceration of prostatic glandular cells.
Herein, “treatment of prostate cancer” refers to suppression of prostate cancer growth, suppression or prevention of prostate cancer metastasis, or suppression of cachexia or such that accompanies prostate cancer progression. The above treatment also includes suppression of post-surgery prostate cancer recurrence.
In the present invention, suppression of prostate cancer growth can be confirmed by examining the shape and condition of prostate by rectal examination, assessing the primary lesion and metastatic lesion of prostate cancer by diagnostic imaging, or measuring the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) (PSA test). It is known that the level of PSA is elevated as prostate cancer progresses. In other words, if the PSA level is decreased by administering the agents of the present invention, the growth of prostate cancer can be considered to be suppressed.
Alternatively, whether prostate cancer growth is suppressed can also be confirmed by assessing the size (or volume) of a primary lesion and metastatic lesion of prostate cancer by diagnostic imaging or such. The prostate cancer growth is considered to be suppressed when the prostate cancer volume is reduced by administering an agent of the present invention. The prostate cancer volume can be measured by known methods as well as methods described in the Examples.
Alternatively, whether prostate cancer growth is suppressed can also be confirmed by histopathological examination (biopsy) of tissue samples collected from the prostate. Classification based on the Gleason score is most frequently used to indicate the grade of prostate cancer malignancy. Tissues collected by biopsy are examined histopathologically and scores 2 to 10 were used to classify the cancer. A greater score means higher malignancy grade, and thus higher metastatic probability. Typically, if the cancer has a low malignancy grade and a Gleason score of 5 or less within a narrow area in the prostate, the prognosis is thought to be favorable. This tendency does not depend on the patient's age. By contrast, the prognosis of cancer with a Gleason score of 7 or more is thought to be poor. In other words, the prostate cancer growth is considered to be suppressed when the Gleason score is decreased by administering the agents of the present invention.
As prostate cancer progresses, cachexia such as weight loss and anemia develops and the overall condition deteriorates. When the overall condition is improved by administering an agent of the present invention, the agent is considered useful for prostate cancer patients. In the present invention, the activity of IL-6 inhibitors in inhibiting the transduction of IL-6 signals can be evaluated by conventional methods. Specifically, IL-6 is added to cultures of IL-6-dependent human myeloma cell lines (S6B45 and KPMM2), human Lennert T lymphoma cell line KT3, or IL-6-dependent cell line MH60.BSF2; and the ³H-thymidine uptake by the IL-6-dependent cells is measured in the presence of an IL-6 inhibitor. Alternatively, IL-6 receptor-expressing U266 cells are cultured, and ¹²⁵I-labeled IL-6 and an IL-6 inhibitor are added to the culture at the same time; and then ¹²⁵I-labeled IL-6 bound to the IL-6 receptor-expressing cells is quantified. In addition to the IL-6 inhibitor group, a negative control group that does not contain an IL-6 inhibitor is included in the assay system described above. The activity of the IL-6 inhibitor to inhibit IL-6 can be evaluated by comparing the results of both groups. The activity of the IL-6 inhibitor in inhibiting IL-6 signaling in prostate cancer cell lines can also be assessed by quantifying the STAT3 phosphorylation downstream of the IL-6 receptor signal pathway. When the STAT3 phosphorylation is suppressed by adding an IL-6 inhibitor, the IL-6 inhibitor is considered to inhibit IL-6 signaling and to suppress prostate cancer growth. STAT3 phosphorylation can be determined by known methods, and also by methods described in the Examples.
As shown below in the Examples, administration of an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody was found to suppress prostate cancer growth. This finding suggests that IL-6 inhibitors such as anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies are useful as agents for treating prostate cancer.
Subjects to be administered with the prostate cancer therapeutic agents of the present invention are mammals. The mammals are preferably humans.
The prostate cancer therapeutic agents of the present invention can be administered as pharmaceuticals, and may be administered systemically or locally via oral or parenteral administration. For example, intravenous injections such as drip infusions, intramuscular injections, intraperitoneal injections, subcutaneous injections, suppositories, enemas, oral enteric tablets, or the like can be selected. Appropriate administration methods can be selected depending on a patient's age and symptoms. The effective dose per administration is selected from the range of 0.01 to 100 mg/kg body weight. Alternatively, the dose may be selected from the range of 1 to 1000 mg/patient, preferably from the range of 5 to 50 mg/patient. A preferred dose and administration method are as follows: For example, when an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody is used, the effective dose is an amount such that free antibody is present in the blood. Specifically, a dose of 0.5 to 40 mg/kg body weight/month (four weeks), preferably 1 to 20 mg/kg body weight/month is administered via an intravenous injection such as a drip infusion, subcutaneous injection or such, once to several times a month, for example, twice a week, once a week, once every two weeks, or once every four weeks. The administration schedule may be adjusted by, for example, extending the administration interval of twice a week or once a week to once every two weeks, once every three weeks, or once every four weeks, while monitoring the condition after administration and changes in the blood test values.
In the present invention, the agents for treating prostate cancer may contain pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, such as preservatives and stabilizers. “Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers” refer to materials that can be co-administered with an above-described agent; and may or may not themselves produce the above-described effect of suppressing prostate cancer growth. Alternatively, the carriers may be materials that do not have the effect of suppressing prostate cancer growth, but that produce an additive or synergistic stabilizing effect when used in combination with an IL-6 inhibitor.
Such pharmaceutically acceptable materials include, for example, sterile water, physiological saline, stabilizers, excipients, buffers, preservatives, detergents, chelating agents (EDTA and such), and binders.
In the present invention, detergents include non-ionic detergents, and typical examples of such include sorbitan fatty acid esters such as sorbitan monocaprylate, sorbitan monolaurate, and sorbitan monopalmitate; glycerin fatty acid esters such as glycerin monocaprylate, glycerin monomyristate and glycerin monostearate; polyglycerin fatty acid esters such as decaglyceryl monostearate, decaglyceryl distearate, and decaglyceryl monolinoleate; polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate; polyoxyethylene sorbit fatty acid esters such as polyoxyethylene sorbit tetrastearate and polyoxyethylene sorbit tetraoleate; polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid esters such as polyoxyethylene glyceryl monostearate; polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters such as polyethylene glycol distearate; polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether; polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propyl ether, and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene cetyl ether; polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether; polyoxyethylene hardened castor oils such as polyoxyethylene castor oil and polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil (polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil); polyoxyethylene beeswax derivatives such as polyoxyethylene sorbit beeswax; polyoxyethylene lanolin derivatives such as polyoxyethylene lanolin; and polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides and such with an HLB of six to 18, such as polyoxyethylene stearic acid amide.
Detergents also include anionic detergents, and typical examples of such include, for example, alkylsulfates having an alkyl group with ten to 18 carbon atoms, such as sodium cetylsulfate, sodium laurylsulfate, and sodium oleylsulfate; polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates in which the alkyl group has ten to 18 carbon atoms and the average molar number of added ethylene oxide is 2 to 4, such as sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl sulfate; alkyl sulfosuccinate ester salts having an alkyl group with eight to 18 carbon atoms, such as sodium lauryl sulfosuccinate ester; natural detergents, for example, lecithin; glycerophospholipids; sphingo-phospholipids such as sphingomyelin; and sucrose fatty acid esters in which the fatty acids have 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
One, two or more of the detergents described above can be combined and added to the agents of the present invention. Detergents that are preferably used in the preparations of the present invention include polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, such as polysorbates 20, 40, 60, and 80. Polysorbates 20 and 80 are particularly preferred. Polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycols, such as poloxamer (Pluronic F-68(R) and such), are also preferred.
The amount of detergent added varies depending on the type of detergent used. When polysorbate 20 or 80 is used, the amount is in general in the range of 0.001 to 100 mg/ml, preferably in the range of 0.003 to 50 mg/ml, more preferably in the range of 0.005 to 2 mg/ml.
In the present invention, buffers include phosphate, citrate buffer, acetic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, potassium phosphate, gluconic acid, capric acid, deoxycholic acid, salicylic acid, triethanolamine, fumaric acid, and other organic acids; and carbonic acid buffer, Tris buffer, histidine buffer, and imidazole buffer.
Liquid preparations may be formulated by dissolving the agents in aqueous buffers known in the field of liquid preparations. The buffer concentration is in general in the range of 1 to 500 mM, preferably in the range of 5 to 100 mM, more preferably in the range of 10 to 20 mM.
The agents of the present invention may also comprise other low-molecular-weight polypeptides; proteins such as serum albumin, gelatin, and immunoglobulin; amino acids; sugars and carbohydrates such as polysaccharides and monosaccharides, sugar alcohols, and such.
Herein, amino acids include basic amino acids, for example, arginine, lysine, histidine, and ornithine, and inorganic salts of these amino acids (preferably hydrochloride salts, and phosphate salts, namely phosphate amino acids). When free amino acids are used, the pH is adjusted to a preferred value by adding appropriate physiologically acceptable buffering substances, for example, inorganic acids, and in particular hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and formic acid, and salts thereof. In this case, the use of phosphate is particularly beneficial because it gives quite stable freeze-dried products. Phosphate is particularly advantageous when preparations do not substantially contain organic acids, such as malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, and fumaric acid, or do not contain corresponding anions (malate ion, tartrate ion, citrate ion, succinate ion, fumarate ion, and such). Preferred amino acids are arginine, lysine, histidine, and omithine. Acidic amino acids can also be used, for example, glutamic acid and aspartic acid, and salts thereof (preferably sodium salts); neutral amino acids, for example, isoleucine, leucine, glycine, serine, threonine, valine, methionine, cysteine, and alanine; and aromatic amino acids, for example, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and its derivative, N-acetyl tryptophan.
Herein, sugars and carbohydrates such as polysaccharides and monosaccharides include, for example, dextran, glucose, fructose, lactose, xylose, mannose, maltose, sucrose, trehalose, and raffinose.
Herein, sugar alcohols include, for example, mannitol, sorbitol, and inositol.
When the agents of the present invention are prepared as aqueous solutions for injection, the agents may be mixed with, for example, physiological saline, and/or isotonic solution containing glucose or other auxiliary agents (such as D-sorbitol, D-mannose, D-mannitol, and sodium chloride). The aqueous solutions may be used in combination with appropriate solubilizing agents such as alcohols (ethanol and such), polyalcohols (propylene glycol, PEG, and such), or non-ionic detergents (polysorbate 80 and HCO-50).
The agents may further comprise, if required, diluents, solubilizers, pH adjusters, soothing agents, sulfur-containing reducing agents, antioxidants, and such.
Herein, the sulfur-containing reducing agents include, for example, compounds comprising sulfhydryl groups, such as N-acetylcysteine, N-acetylhomocysteine, thioctic acid, thiodiglycol, thioethanolamine, thioglycerol, thiosorbitol, thioglycolic acid and salts thereof, sodium thiosulfate, glutathione, and thioalkanoic acids having one to seven carbon atoms.
Moreover, the antioxidants in the present invention include, for example, erythorbic acid, dibutylhydroxy toluene, butylhydroxy anisole, α-tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, L-ascorbic acid and salts thereof, L-ascorbic acid palmitate, L-ascorbic acid stearate, sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium sulfite, triamyl gallate, propyl gallate, and chelating agents such as disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA), sodium pyrophosphate, and sodium metaphosphate.
If required, the agents may be encapsulated in microcapsules (microcapsules of hydroxymethylcellulose, gelatin, poly[methylmethacrylic acid] or such) or prepared as colloidal drug delivery systems (liposome, albumin microspheres, microemulsion, nano-particles, nano-capsules, and such) (see “Remington's Pharmaceutical Science 16^(th) edition”, Oslo Ed., 1980, and the like). Furthermore, methods for preparing agents as sustained-release agents are also known, and are applicable to the present invention (Langer et al., J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1981, 15: 167-277; Langer, Chem. Tech. 1982, 12: 98-105; U.S. Pat. No. 3,773,919; European Patent Application No. (EP) 58,481; Sidman et al., Biopolymers 1983, 22: 547-556; and EP 133,988).
Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers used are appropriately selected from those described above or combined depending on the type of dosage form, but are not limited thereto.
The present invention relates to methods for treating prostate cancer, which comprise the step of administering an IL-6 inhibitor to subjects who have developed prostate cancer.
Herein, the “subject” refers to the organisms or organism body parts to be administered with an agent of the present invention for treating prostate cancer. The organisms include animals (for example, human, domestic animal species, and wild animals) but are not particularly limited.
The “organism body parts” are not particularly limited, but preferably include the prostate gland, peripheral parts of the prostate gland, or metastatic parts.
Herein, “administration” includes oral and parenteral administration. Oral administration includes, for example, administration of oral agents. Such oral agents include, for example, granules, powders, tablets, capsules, solutions, emulsions, and suspensions.
Parenteral administration includes, for example, administration of injections. Such injections include, for example, intravenous injection such as infusion, subcutaneous injections, intramuscular injections, and intraperitoneal injection. Meanwhile, the effects of the methods of the present invention can be achieved by introducing genes comprising oligonucleotides to be administered to living bodies using gene therapy techniques. Alternatively, the agents of the present invention may be administered locally to intended areas of treatment. For example, the agents can be administered by local injection during surgery, use of catheters, or targeted gene delivery of DNAs encoding peptides of the present invention. The agents of the present invention may be administered at the same time with known therapeutic methods for prostate cancer, for example, prostatectomy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and such, or at different times.
All prior art documents cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
EXAMPLES
Hereinbelow, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the Examples, but it is not to be construed as being limited thereto.
Example 1 Confirmation of IL-6 Receptor Expression in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Whether human prostate cancer cell lines express IL-6 receptor was examined by Western blotting as described below. The human prostate cancer cell lines used were PC3, DU145, and JCA-1.
The cell lines described above were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen, Groningen, The Netherlands) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and streptomycin, and then cooled on ice and washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The cells were harvested and lysed with 200 μl of RIPA buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1% NP-40, 1% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], 50 mM NaF, 1 mM sodium orthvanadate, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 10 μg/ml aprotinin, and 10 μg/ml leupeptin). The protein concentration of the supernatants was determined by a dye binding method according to the manufacturer's instructions (BioRad Laboratories, Hercules Calif.). The proteins thus obtained were transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane (BioRad Laboratories) using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Non-specific adsorption was suppressed using Tris-buffered physiological saline containing 5% skimmed milk, and the membrane was reacted with a 500-times diluted rabbit anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Immunoreactive bands were obtained using the Amplified Alkaline Phosphatase System according to the manufacturer's instructions (BioRad Laboratories).
The result showed that human prostate cancer cells JCA-1, PC3, and DU145 expressed IL-6 receptor (FIG. 1).
Example 2 Confirmation of IL-6 Production in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Whether IL-6 is produced in human prostate cancer cell lines was examined by the methods described below.
Specifically, the cell lines described in Example 1 were cultured at 5×10⁴ cells/well in 24-well plates for 48 hours using the medium described in Example 1, and the IL-6 concentration in the supernatants was determined by ELISA.
The result showed that IL-6 was produced in human prostate cancer cells JCA-1, PC3, and DU145 (FIG. 2).
Example 3 Confirmation of the in vitro Antitumor effect of hPM1
Whether hPM1 has an in vitro antitumor effect was examined by the methods described below.
The cell lines described in Example 1 were cultured at 5×10³ cells/well in 96-well plates for 24 hours using RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen, Groningen, The Netherlands) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and streptomycin, and then, humanized PM-1 antibody (HPM1) was added at concentrations of 30, 100, or 300 μl/ml. After 24 and 48 hours, the antitumor effect was assayed by MTT assay. hPM1 (Hirata T et al., Leuk Res. 2003; 27 (4):343-9, Sato K et al., Cancer Res. 1993; 53 (4):851-6) was provided by Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.
The result showed that hPM1 suppressed cell growth in a time- and concentration-dependent manner (FIG. 3).
Example 4 Confirmation of the IL-6 Receptor-Mediated in vitro Effect of hPM1
Whether the hPM1 effect is exerted through IL-6 receptor was examined by the methods described below.
The present inventors focused on STAT3 downstream of the IL-6 receptor signal pathway. DU145 was cultured for 24 hours in the medium described above, and then 100 μg/ml hPM1 was added thereto. After 60 minutes, the STAT3 phosphorylation was compared with that of a control by Western blotting as described above. Then, after 24 hours of culture, the cells were stimulated with 10 ng/ml IL-6 in the presence or absence of 100 μg/ml hPM1, and then, the STAT3 phosphorylation after 30 minutes and 60 minutes was compared by Western blotting. The primary antibody used was a 1000-times diluted rabbit anti-human pSTAT3 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology).
The result showed that the STAT3 phosphorylation was suppressed in the prostate cancer cell lines 60 minutes after hPM1 administration. The result also showed that hPMI suppressed the IL-6 stimulation-enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation (FIG. 4).
Example 5 Confirmation of the in vivo Antitumor Effect of hPM1
Whether HPM1 has an antitumor effect in vivo was confirmed by the methods described below.
DU145 cells (10⁷ cells/body) were subcutaneously transplanted into SCID mice to produce a subcutaneous tumor model. HPM1 administration (200 μg/body, every three days) was started five days after the tumor graft was confirmed. The tumor volume and mouse weight were measured over time to assess the in vivo antitumor effect of HPM1.
The result showed that HPM1 administration to the DU145-transplanted SCID mice significantly suppressed the tumor growth and weight loss (FIG. 5). The suppression of weight loss in the tumor model suggests that the IL-6 inhibitors of the present invention are also effective for treating cachexia that accompanies prostate cancer.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
Hormonal therapy is the only therapeutic method available for treating advanced prostate cancer. However, many advanced prostate cancer patients acquire hormone resistance several years after starting hormonal therapy, and they struggle with the treatment. The prostate cancer therapeutic agents of the present invention, which comprise an IL-6 inhibitor as an active ingredient, are expected to be an effective alternative to hormonal therapy and to be therapeutically effective even for prostate cancer that has acquired resistance to hormonal therapy. The prostate cancer therapeutic agents of the present invention are expected to have an effect of suppressing post-surgery prostate cancer recurrence. The prostate cancer therapeutic agents of the present invention are considered to be effective for treating cachexia that accompanies prostate cancer.
1-8. (canceled)
9. A method for treating prostate cancer in a subject, which comprises the step of administering an IL-6 inhibitor to the subject who has developed prostate cancer.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the IL-6 inhibitor is an antibody that recognizes IL-6.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the IL-6 inhibitor is an antibody that recognizes an IL-6 receptor.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein the antibody is an anti-human IL-6 antibody.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the antibody is a recombinant antibody.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein the antibody is a chimeric, humanized, or human antibody. 16-22. (canceled)
23. The method of claim 11, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
24. The method of claim 11, wherein the antibody is an anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody.
25. The method of claim 11, wherein the antibody is a recombinant antibody.
26. The method of claim 11, wherein the antibody is a chimeric, humanized, or human antibody..
| 35,278 |
https://github.com/rayrayndwiga/ledger/blob/master/disturbance/migrations/0009_auto_20170614_1232.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,017 |
ledger
|
rayrayndwiga
|
Python
|
Code
| 73 | 386 |
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Generated by Django 1.10.7 on 2017-06-14 04:32
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.conf import settings
from django.db import migrations, models
import django.db.models.deletion
class Migration(migrations.Migration):
dependencies = [
migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL),
('disturbance', '0008_auto_20170614_1013'),
]
operations = [
migrations.CreateModel(
name='OrganisationAction',
fields=[
('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
('when', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
('what', models.TextField()),
('organisation', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='action_logs', to='disturbance.Organisation')),
('who', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)),
],
),
migrations.RemoveField(
model_name='organisationdelegateaction',
name='organisation',
),
migrations.RemoveField(
model_name='organisationdelegateaction',
name='who',
),
migrations.DeleteModel(
name='OrganisationDelegateAction',
),
]
| 2,671 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20of%20Canning
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Division of Canning
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Division of Canning&action=history
|
English
|
Spoken
| 594 | 878 |
The Division of Canning is an Australian Electoral Division in Western Australia.
History
The division was created in 1949 and is named for Alfred Canning, the Western Australian government surveyor who surveyed the Canning Stock Route. It was originally a country seat that traded hands between the two main centre-right parties, the Liberal and Country parties.
Since 1980 it has been located in the southern suburbs of the two largest cities in Western Australia, Perth and Mandurah. For most of its last three decades, it has been a highly marginal seat due to the balanced proportion of the urban north and the rural south, changing hands between the Australian Labor Party and the Liberal Party. Canning had a Liberal margin of 4.3 percent leading into the 2010 election, and was targeted by Labor, who stood high-profile candidate and former state Labor MP Alannah MacTiernan. The Liberals retained the seat; however, Canning was the only Western Australian seat to see a two-party preferred swing toward the Australian Labor Party.
A 2015 Canning by-election, triggered on 21 July following the death of Liberal Don Randall, was held on 19 September. Though the Turnbull government was just four days old, their candidate Andrew Hastie retained the seat for the Liberals, despite having to rely on preferences after a substantial, though dampened, primary (−4.15%) and two-party (−6.55%) swing away from the Liberals − solidly less than the double-digit swings polls had predicted under an Abbott government − however, some double-digit swings did eventuate among the northern suburban booths. The Canning Liberal margin was reduced from safe to marginal status. Political analysts agreed the by-election was a "good outcome for both major parties".
In 2016, the more urbanised areas of the City of Armadale west of the Albany Highway and South Western Highway, together with the suburbs of Mount Nasura and Kelmscott, were redistributed to the new Division of Burt.
In August 2021, the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) announced that the Shire of Boddington would be transferred to the seat of O'Connor, while the Gosnells suburbs of Kenwick, Maddington, Orange Grove and part of Martin would be transferred to Burt. In addition it was announced the electorate would be jointly named after Sadie Canning MBE, Western Australia's first indigenous nurse (1930–2008). These boundary changes took place at the 2022 election.
Geography
Since 1984, federal electoral division boundaries in Australia have been determined at redistributions by a redistribution committee appointed by the Australian Electoral Commission. Redistributions occur for the boundaries of divisions in a particular state, and they occur every seven years, or sooner if a state's representation entitlement changes or when divisions of a state are malapportioned.
The Division of Canning stretches from Byford and Carmel in the north to Wagerup in the south, and is largely based around the Peel region of Western Australia to the south of Perth.
As of the 2022 election, it includes most of the Peel region, including the City of Mandurah and the Shires of Serpentine-Jarrahdale (including Byford and Mundijong), Murray (including Pinjarra, Yunderup and Dwellingup), and Waroona (including Waroona and Preston Beach). It also includes suburbs of a more semi-rural nature in the Darling Scarp, including the Armadale suburbs of Ashendon, Bedfordale, Karragullen, Lesley, Mount Richon, Roleystone, and Wungong, part of the Gosnells suburb of Martin, and the Kalamunda suburbs of Canning Mills, Carmel, and Pickering Brook.
Members
Election results
See also
2015 Canning by-election
References
External links
Division of Canning - Australian Electoral Commission
Electoral divisions of Australia
Constituencies established in 1949
1949 establishments in Australia
Federal politics in Western Australia
| 41,886 |
Subsets and Splits
Token Count by Language
Reveals the distribution of total tokens by language, highlighting which languages are most prevalent in the dataset.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Provides a detailed breakdown of document counts and total word/token counts for English documents in different collections and open types, revealing insights into data distribution and quantity.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Provides a count of items in each collection that are licensed under 'CC-By-SA', giving insight into the distribution of this license across different collections.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Counts the number of items in each collection that have a 'CC-By' license, providing insight into license distribution across collections.
Bulgarian Texts from Train Set
Retrieves all entries in the training set that are in Bulgarian, providing a basic filter on language.
License Count in Train Set
Counts the number of entries for each license type and orders them, providing a basic overview of license distribution.
Top 100 Licenses Count
Displays the top 100 licenses by their occurrence count, providing basic insights into which licenses are most common in the dataset.
Language Frequency in Dataset
Provides a simple count of each language present in the dataset, which is useful for basic understanding but limited in depth of insight.
French Spoken Samples
Limited to showing 100 samples of the dataset where the language is French and it's spoken, providing basic filtering without deeper insights.
GitHub Open Source Texts
Retrieves specific text samples labeled with their language from the 'Github Open Source' collection.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query performs basic filtering to retrieve specific records from the dataset, which could be useful for preliminary data exploration but does not provide deep insights.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query retrieves all English entries from specific collections, which provides basic filtering but minimal analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves all English language documents from specific data collections, useful for focusing on relevant subset but doesn't provide deeper insights or analysis.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves a specific subset of documents from the dataset, but does not provide any meaningful analysis or insights.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves a sample of 10,000 English documents from the USPTO with an open government type, providing a basic look at the dataset's content without deep analysis.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query performs basic filtering to retrieve entries related to English language, USPTO collection, and open government documents, offering limited analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves metadata of entries specifically from the USPTO collection in English, offering basic filtering.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query filters for English entries from specific collections, providing a basic subset of the dataset without deep analysis or insight.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query performs basic filtering, returning all rows from the 'StackExchange' collection where the language is 'English', providing limited analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query filters data for English entries from specific collections with an 'Open Web' type but mainly retrieves raw data without providing deep insights.
Filtered English Wikipedia Articles
Filters and retrieves specific English language Wikipedia entries of a certain length, providing a limited subset for basic exploration.
Filtered English Open Web Texts
Retrieves a subset of English texts with a specific length range from the 'Open Web', which provides basic filtering but limited insight.
Filtered English Open Culture Texts
Retrieves a sample of English texts from the 'Open Culture' category within a specific length range, providing a basic subset of data for further exploration.
Random English Texts <6500 Ch
Retrieves a random sample of 2000 English text entries that are shorter than 6500 characters, useful for quick data exploration but not revealing specific trends.
List of Languages
Lists all unique languages present in the dataset, which provides basic information about language variety but limited analytical insight.