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dodoneetsesruin00caragoog_6
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French-PD-diverse
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,878 |
Dodone et ses ruines
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Constantin Carapanos
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French
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Spoken
| 6,934 | 15,506 |
Des prêtres et des prêtresses de Dodone. Le service du temple de Dodone était confié dès la plus haute antiquité à des prêtres qui s'appelaient Thomouris (du mont Tomarus) ou Hypophètes. Le nom de Selles ou Helles que quelques-uns donnent à Dodone, est peut-être d'origine étrusque. Il semble qu'il y avait au pancrace, s'il n'y avait pas eu à Dodone un hippodrome et un stadion. Homère, Odyssée, livre II, vers 403 : "El, silv alvif 90)91 Aide (leygandie Tournoi." Eustathius, Commentaire sur L'Ilade, : "Toi Se 6£|iiaT(xc Aid, cpaaC Tournoi; [iy) 8eiv iizX |i.av Toe; TtOecOai, dyopa; yAp xal Pourcy; i^,^ thai TTjv 0£|iLiv. Aid AvtI toO 6£ji.WTae Tournoi(xi ypa tpouaiv, 6 IdTi [lavmat, cJ); xal itpoy^ypaTrrai • spo; yap xaTa xdv yão)ypdt(pov Tournoi; 6cp* 6 xet Tai Updv Touri A(i)8(ijvt) xaxi Bientôt Ttav • i$ ou Tournoi, ol u-Tour noO icoiYjToO Xey6|jL£voi uiuocpfjtai Aid;, dviitTdTCoSe? j^ajjiaieuvai, xal at jiavmai td (i.oupai. Bi^Tiov ydp cpYjdi Tournoi; ^ OljiKiTa; ypA<p£iv • 0£[jLi<;Te(; yip oO t4 [tavreia AX^' at ^ou lal xal Ta pouXeO[JLa'ca xal Ti vo|l.o0eTT5[i.aTa. Idem, Commentaire sur Homère, Odyssée, livre S, vers 327 : Aid xal bf Tw « el [jl^v alvyjawoi Aid; pieydlXoio se|jt,i9Ts; » 6»icep Iv toi; jietA TaOta ypd^ei 6 iroiTj TT?!; ET£poi ypdcpouaiv « cl jjiev aivir^abxn Aid; [is ya).oio T(5|x.o'jpoi », £yovTe; jii?! ivTauOx xetcOai Td 6£{i.i9Ts; dlXd 8eiv [i.a).)wOv elTretv [lavTeiai, 6 STjAoOffiv alTdaoupai' ol; ^xCvETai dOffToipro; elvai xil 6 irapiTto Auxd^povi Tournoi;." Strabon, VH, 7, 11 : Àid 8e Tou To|jLipou tou; uird toO iroiY)Tou ).e yo|t£vo'j; u7ro<py|Ta; tou Aid;, oO; xal AvntrdiroSa; j^a|jLateuva; xa)»ei, TO|i.oupo'j; (pa<rl Xsj^O-fivai' xal bf [i£v TTJ OSuoaeCa oOtw ypicpouaC tiv£; Sl cpr^aiv A{/.^(vo[jLo;, au[i.6ouXeij(«)v Jtoi; |i.vr|(jTi^pai [jly| i:pd TEpov e^riTCOEffOai t({) TY|^e|JLdtj^w icplv av Tdv ACa IpwvTai. « El jtfev x' alvK^awGi xtX. » B£Xtiov yip elvai TO[jLoOpoii; ^ 0£[JLiffTa;ypd^£iv. O08a[JLo0 yoOv tA |i.avT£ia 6£ji.t<jTa; X£yeG0ai icapA tw icoitjTt,, dXkoL tA; PouXA; xal tA :to).iT£uji.aTa xal vo[i.oOc vf^^TZOL • TO[l,0!JpOU; 8' ElpY)<jOai 2ltlT£T|JLV)|JL£v(i);olov TO[i.apo(puXaxa;. 01 aiv O'^v vscuTspoi X£you<Ji to |iLoOpou;* itap* Opni^pw 8* d7cXoi5<JT£pov 8eT 8£/£ aOai 0£|jLiCTa; xaTay^pT,9Tixa); xal pou).A; tA icpoa Tay|jLaTa xal tA po'jl-ZjjJiaTa tA [tavTixA xaOA7U£p xal TAv6tjLi[i.a. ToioOtov xal Td « i% 8pud; uij^ixd jjLoio Aid; pou).Y)v iTcaxouaai ». • Homer., //., n, v. 233 (voir page 138, note 3). Schol, in I. cit, : TTco^p-fiTai : OtcojjlAvtei; tepst;, 6 Icti j^pyja|iu)8ol, OEoXdyoi, TCpocpiiTai • -repocpK^Ta; yAp ).£youGi tou; icepl tA j^pY)(m^pta ao^^oXouii^vou; xal tA; [jiavTECa; tA; yivo{JL£va; Oird twv t£p£a)v £X^£povTa;. Philostr., Fmag.^ H, 33 (voir page 161, note 1), * Homer., //., n, v. 234 (voir page 138, note 3). Schoi. in L cit. : SeaaoI eOvo; II-jcEipwTixdv rfj; BeGTcpw-Ca;, x>. 460 ETUDE HISTORIQUE SUR DODONE. auteurs leur donnent, avait une signification plus étendue et comprenait, non-seulement les prêtres du temple, mais aussi tous les habitants de Dodone et de ses environs *, parmi lesquels les Romains étaient recrutés. Les Tomyris semblent avoir formé un corps sacerdotal sous l'empire de pratiques austeres, parmi lesquelles on doit, je crois, classer le devoir de coucher sur la terre nue et de ne pas se laver les pieds. Il est vrai que c'est un de ces rares exemples où nous voyons le polythéisme hellénique se plaire à une pareille rudesse, mais le fait de cette obligation des Tomyris affirme par Oeuver ATTD ToO irapa^£ovTo; 7uora|ioi3 2e).).if5tvT0? .. diTZQ £eA).oO ToO BETTaXou to yi vo;, 6i6ev xxxa 8ia8o)^i?|v oItoO Aio; Upei< eyCvovTO. [JLCV nCvSapo; E^).ou; auTou; oicTai. Aet 61 dnd ToO o (Sp^eaOai tVjv "ki^iy^ dt7:6 X8X).iievTo; itOTotjioO Vj Sitc^yJ irp6(; xd t?); ypa^YJ; dji/ 9(6o).ov * oi Lky ydp leXXoi);, ol 8i LX^oix; i^e8£ JavTO' 8et 8e voetv to; fortv ix it'X'i^pou? Xe^vT.ol xal yAp 6 auvopC^cov toi; TdTcoi; icoTotjiid; le^Xt^ei;, (i(p* o5 elxdc Touc napoCxou; £e).>.ou( xa>.eta69ii. Sophocl., Tra6hm,,. 67 (voir page 137, note 3). Strab., VII, 7, 10: IldTEpov 8i j^pTj ^iyeiv L^Xouc co; IKvSocpo; , t^ £cXoO^ &^ OicovooOai irap* 0|AY{pu xeXoOai, V| ypa(pV| d{i.(pC6o).o( ouva oux IS. 8ua^upCt^ea6ai. Philostrat., Imag., II, 33: KeiTxi 8* ouTo; 6 ic£).exu; , 6v [leOvjxev EXX6( 6 8puT6|i.o;f dcp' oS xocTd Acoocuvyjv ol E^^oC. Steph. Byz. m v. tXko-KicL : XcopCov Eu6oiac xal aOr^ V) vvjao; dico E^Xoico; TO'j I(i)vo;. Td £9vix6v fe>.^owieO;' iXiyeto xalVj icEpl A(i)8(jv7|v x^px E^^oicia, i/jc ol olxt^Topec feVAol x(xl Se>.>.o£' 0[i.Y)po; « djjLcpl 8fc SeT^XoC »• l9Ti xal itd^i; icEpl Ao>.oicCav xal X<^P^ ''^^P^ ^EOicidc. Hesych. in v. iXkoL = xa6£8pa. Adxcovc;* xal Aid^ Ispdv h A(u8b)VY) (xal ol lepEi; L>.).oC). ' Aristot., Meteor., I, 14 (voir page 140, note 3). Strabon, Livre I, chapitre 2, section 20: Les prêtres et les prêtresses de Dodone étaient couverts d'or et vêtus de pourpre; ils avaient les cheveux longs et portaient des robes bouffantes, ressemblant à celles des Bacchantes. On leur attribuait un pouvoir surnaturel, et l'on ne les consultait qu'en cas de grande affliction. Ils vivaient au milieu des forêts, nourris par les libations et les offrandes des fidèles. On leur réservait des retraites dans des grottes, et leur apportait des gages et des cadeaux. Les plus illustres de la cour couronnaient les prêtres et les prêtesses, qui étaient considérés comme des intermédiaires entre les hommes et les dieux. Ces prêtres, de qui l'on peut juger par une des inscriptions trouvées dans le temple (voir page 55 et pl. XXIX, n° 3), étaient aussi soumis à un chef qui portait le titre de Nárvalque (Natalque?). Scholie à l'Iliade, Livre II, vers 234: Les villageois de Dodone étaient couverts d'or et vêtus de pourpre; ils avaient les cheveux longs et portaient des robes bouffantes, ressemblant à celles des Bacchantes. On leur attribuait un pouvoir surnaturel, et l'on ne les consultait qu'en cas de grande affliction. Ils vivaient au milieu des forêts, nourris par les libations et les offrandes des fidèles. On leur réservait des retraites dans des grottes, et leur apportait des gages et des cadeaux. Les plus illustres de la cour couronnaient les prêtres et les prêtresses, qui étaient considérés comme des intermédiaires entre les hommes et les dieux. Ces prêtres, de qui l'on peut juger par une des inscriptions trouvées dans le temple (voir page 55 et pl. XXIX, n° 3), étaient aussi soumis à un chef qui portait le titre de Nárvalque (Natalque?). A Foreigner, the Dorians were charged with the service of the temple and at the same time of that of the Oracle. It was them who interpreted the prophetic signs and answered to the demands that one addressed to the gods; but, probably, later, when the cult of Dione was added to that of Jupiter, their functions were divided. According to Philostratus, the Leucadian was the place where the priestesses of Apollo and of Dione presided over the mysteries. In the Scholium on Homer, it is said that the Dorian were the oldest priests of the oracle and that, in ancient times, they were the only ones who had the privilege of speaking with the god. Callimachus, in his hymn to Delos, mentions the Euboean priestesses of Apollo. This division of responsibilities may have been due to the fact that the cult of Dione was not as important as that of Apollo and that, therefore, the Euboean priestesses had to share the workload with the Leucadian priestesses. Additionally, there were probably regional differences in the cult practices, and each sanctuary had its own set of rituals and ceremonies. Therefore, the role of the priestesses at the oracle of Dodona was not only to interpret the will of the gods but also to ensure that the cult was properly performed and that the sanctuary was maintained. L'existence d'une époque très ancienne d'un corps sacerdotal discipliné pourrait donner lieu de penser qu'il y avait aussi des pratiques secrètes et des mystères analogues à ceux de Samothrace et d'Éleusis. Nous ne possédons aucune preuve pour affirmer l'existence de ces mystères ; ce n'est donc que'une simple hypothèse que je mets ici. Des découvertes ultières et un examen plus approfondi de la question pourront peut-être un jour justifier cette conjecture. Eschyle, Prométhéen, v. 658 (voir page 137, note 1). Sophocle, Trachinie, v. 1166 (voir page 137, note 3). Hérodote, IX, 93 (voir page 142, note 1). Strabon, VII, 7, 12. Les travaux apparents semblent avoir été limités aux sacrifices et aux autres travaux du temple, et le service de l'oracle a été confié à des prophetesses, appelées Pélasides. Ce remplacement des Pythia par les préteuses doit avoir eu lieu à une époque très reculée, car les premières Pélasides sont antérieures à Phémontée, première pythia de Delphes. Les Pélasides, deux d'abord, et trois plus tard, paraissent avoir été réduites, à la fin, à une seule. In V. Aischyl.: Ὁ δευτέρων καὶ Ἀγκυρόντι[οι], ἐν τῷ ὑποκρινόμενο Ἰφιγένεια Τέυς, καὶ ἄλλοι ὑπ' αὐτοῦ ῥακορραγιστάν. Idem, χοροῦ ὑποδραματίζονται: Ὄλυμπικοί, Παιάνοις ἄλλοι συντελεστές, ἐν τῷ ὑποκρινόμενο Ἰφιγένεια Τέως. Εὐστάθιος, Kommentar in Homer, Od., S, v. 327: Ὀδyssey, ὑποδιάκοροι ἐνεργούνττες ἄλλοι, ὑπ' αὐτοῦ, Τροίας. Ιάμβλιχος, De Vite Pythagor., 56: Τὴν ἐνέργεια, ὡς ὑποδησία τοῖς ὑποζωγίοις Τρωϊκοί, Ἀichierioi ὑποβατεῖς ἄλλοι. Ηρόδοτος, II, 57: ἄλλοι ἐν τοῖς Σουμερου ῥοιάζοντες ἄλλοι, ἐν τοῖς ἀπόστολοι; ἄλλοι, ἔχοντες ἐν ἔνσει δουλείαν, φυγαclassify ὑποχρέωσαν. ἄλλοι ἐν δουλείαν ῥονταζόντες ἀπόστολοι. Ηράκλειτος, Fragmenta: Τὴν ὁδὸν ἀπ' αὐτήν, ὑποζωγόντες ἄλλοι, Ἰωνικοί, ὑπ' αὐτοῖς. Στράβων, VII, Fragmenta 1 και 2: Παντοία ἄλλοι καὶ ξενά τε καὶ Ἀθηναίων ὑποστρατεῦσιεν. ἄλλοι ἐν ποντίᾳ Ἰωνικῷ ἐνεργούνττες, ἄλλοι ἄλτολόγοι ἄλλοι ἄλλοι γεγονότες. Ἀννακρεόντιοι, ὑποκριτικόν Ἀχιλλέα. Ὀλυμπιάδα, ὑπ' αὐτήν, ἄλλοι ῥήτορες. Στράβωνας, VII, Fragmenta 1 και 2: Παντοία ἄλλοι καὶ ξενά τε καὶ Ἀθηναίων ὑποστρατεῦσιεν. ἄλλοι ἐν ποντίᾳ Ἰωνικῷ ἐνεργούνττες, ἄλλοι ἄλτολόγοι ἄλλοι ἄλλοι γεγονότες. Ἀννακρεόντιοι, ὑποκριτικόν Ἀχιλλέα. Ὀλυμπιάδα, ὑπ' αὐτήν, ἄλλοι ῥήτορες. Παυσανίας, X, 12, 5: Παντοία ἄλλοι ὑποκρίνοντες Ἀτρύ тон ἐν Σπάρτη, Ἀργείοι, ὑποστρατεῦσιεν. ἄλλοι ἀλλόφύλοι ἀμφοτέρων ὑπ' αὐτοῖς. Εὐστάθιος, Kommentar in Homer, Od., S, v. 327: Ὀδyssey, ὑποδιάκοροι ἐνεργούνττες ἄλλοι, ὑπ' αὐτοῦ, Τροίας. Ἰάμβλιχος, De Vite Pythagor., 56: Τὴν ἐνέργεια, ὡς ὑποδησία τοῖς ὑποζωγίοις Τρωϊκοί, Ἀchwitzῆροι ὑποβατεῖς ἄλλοι. Ηρόδοτος, II, 57: ἄλλοι ἐν τοῖς Σουμερου ῥοιάζοντες ἄλλοι, ἐν τοῖς ἀπόστολοι; ἄλλοι, ἔχοντες ἐν ἔνσει δουλείαν, φυγαclassify ὑποχρέωσαν. ἄλλοι ἐν δουλείαν ῥονταζόντες ἀπόστολοι. Ηράκλειτος, Fragmenta: Τὴν ὁδὸν ἀπ' αὐτήν, ὑποζωγόντες ἄλλοι, Ἰωνικοί, ὑπ' αὐτοῖς. Στράβων, VII, Fragmenta 1 και 2: Παντοία ἄλλοι καὶ ξενά τε καὶ Ἀθηναίων ὑποστρατεῦσιεν. ἄλλοι ἐν ποντίᾳ Ἰωνικῷ ἐνεργούνττες, ἄλλοι ἄλτολόγοι ἄλλοι ἄλλοι γεγονότες. Ἀννακρεόντιοι, ὑποκριτικόν Ἀχιλλέα. Ὀλυμπιάδα, ὑπ' αὐτήν, ἄλλοι ῥήτορες. Pausanias, X, 12, 5: Dans ce lieu, on explique les oracles et donne la réponse des dieux à tout le monde, excepté aux Beotiens, qui, ayant tué la prophétesse Myrtille, avaient été condamnés à ne pas recevoir de responses par les Turcs. Elles semblent avoir été soumises aussi à un régime austère et à des pratiques peut-être différentes de celles des Turcs, mais non moins rigoureuses, et le fait que Lysandre, malgré les moyens qu'il employa, n'avait pas réussi à les corrompre et à obtenir d'elles un oracle favorable à ses desseins. Strabon, VII, Fragm. 1, et Eustathius, Corami, in Homer. Od., S, 327 (voir note 3 ci-dessus). Servius, Comm. in Virg., Aen., III, v. 466: Hercule Pelias nommé... (Voir page 168, note 3.) * Ephor. ap, Strab., IX, 2, 4: ^al 8* £(popo( ToOcSl IIc ^acyoi^; |jl£vovto; Iti toO ?co^£|i.ou 5(^pY)aTTrjpiaffO|i.| vou; dice^Oetv, dite).6etv 81 xal toO; Boicotoui;* tov |jlIv o5v Tot; ne).aayoi< 8o8£vTa jj^r^aL6^ I^y) [j.i?| l^eiv eliretv, toi; 8i BokotoX^ Aveletv t?)v Tcpo^ Tiv daeG-y^aavToi^ eu tcpd^eiv * toi>c 81 OecopoO^ 6tco voif^aavTa; j^api^0|i.£v7|v toX; IleXaoYot^ TfjV icpo^ Tiv xaTi Td auyyevt; (iicetST?) xal Td Updv litkaLC^v xdv i^ ^PX^^ i^irvjp^ev) oOtcj^ dvs^eXv, dp^dLaavra^ T^v d[v8pci>icov elcicupdiv IpL^aXeXv 2v0u[i.Y)6£vTa(, eXxe xaxoupyififfaaav eXre (jlVj 'jcpd; d[x,^dTepa dpdu>( ^X^^*^* eI jiiv irapej^pTjTCYjpCaas, xolaaSeCflY)^ a^Ttj^, el 8' oOSiv lxaxo6pYY)9S, Td irpoora/^Olv adTcjv icpa^^v T(i>v * Touc 8e icepl Td Updv Td [jl^v dlxpCTOu^ XTsCveiv toiic Tcpd^avTac, xal TauV iv Up(^, |jli^ 8oxi|JLdaai, xadiordvai 8* el( xpC^iv, xa>>eXv 8* ivX Tdt< UpeCac, TaiStac 81 elvai, Ta< T:po9i'|Ti8a( at oiical Tpicov oOacdv icepiYlGav ' ^eydyTcov 8* <£>( o08a[jLOu vdjJLo; eXv) 8ixd^eiv yu'^aiixcL^y npooeXioBai xal £v8pa( Xaou^ TaX; yuvai^l Tdv dpiOjidv' to6( t.bf o5v Av 8pa( dicoyvoivai, Td^ 81 yuvaXxa^ xaTayveSvai, Xacjv 81 Twv ijnfj^pwv YevopL^vwv Tdt< dico).uo09ac vixvjaai • 2x 8i TO)jTci)v Boui>ToX( {idvoi^ dv8pa{ T:po6cfficC^eiv iv A(i>8(uvY)* Ti^ |i£v TOi T:po^'v)Ti8a( ££T)you|JLiva; id jjiavTcXov filiceXv, dirt TcpoffTdxToi d 9ed; toX^ Boigh ToX^ To6^ leap' aOToX^ Tp(ico8a; cM^iyo^xoL^ eU Aci> 8(jvY)v TtlpiTcetv xaT' Ito? • xal 8yj xal tcoisXv touto* del Y<^P '^^^^ '?<i>>v dvaxei{jL£v(i)v TpiTcdScov vrSxTcup xaOatpouvTa; xal xaTaxa>.0iiTOVTa<; IjiaTioi; w; dv XdSpa Tpti:o87](popeXv eli; Aw8wvir)v. Heracl. Pont. a/> . Miiller, Fi^agm. hist, gr., t. II, p. 198: Boi(ii>ToX^ [lavTetSaaio : aOriQ xaTapaTtxi^ e^iv. Hpax^ei8Y)( y^P ^"^^^i jiavTcUopievoi; toX; 8Y)6aCoic nepl 'Tco^^jjLOU ditexpCvaTo t/J lupo^Tt; Vi ev Aa>8(uvY), vCxYjv aOToX; dae^i^aaaiv fffeoOai* el? 8i twv Oeeo pwv dpicdaac MupxCXav ti?|v irpocpYiTtv iv£6a)%ev el? OepjjLou icapaxeCpLEvov ^£6Y)Ta. AXXoi 8£ cpacw £iTi 8Y)6aCoi? T:o^e|jLoOai Bd[JL6po? (jLdvTi? ic^eCou; S^y) vtXT^aeiv, el npoOOaaiev twv •/iye[idva)v Eva, ol 8i dicoxTsCvavTe? Tdv Bd|i6pov £vCxY)9av. (Aliter Corf. Vatic, II, 67 [Bodl.]) ; H<;£6iQaav ydp el? ti?jv Upeiav l|jL6aXdvTe; aOTif^v el; TOV £v A(i>8(6vyi )^£6Y)Ta ^£ovTa, £p(i>Tix£5? 8iaTe BeXaav el? Eva tuv Oecjpcov. Procl., Chrest., II (voir page 145, note 3). Eustath., Comm. in Homer. Od., £, v. 327 : Kal icdai |iiv £xeX [k Dodone) yuvaXxe? )^pY){iai Tt^eiv S iazi p^pdoOai xal )i.avTeOeaOai, (idvoi? 81 Boi(i)ToX? dv8pa? xal nqv ahCav d Fecjypd^o? £xtC 6eTai. • Philostr., /wMijf., II. 33: £vTauOa 8^ Upeiai Aci>8ci>vC8e? £v GTpu^v(J> Te xal Upu> T^ eX8ei* loCxaai ydp Ou{jLia|i/£T(i>v Te dvaicveXv xal aicov8(ijv * xal Td yijtii^io'i 8i olM Ouu)Se?, (2> tcaX, y£ypaitTai xal dji^ti? jtcordv. 164 ETUDE HISTORIQUE SUR DODONE. vues indiquerait que cette aust6rit6 n'6tait pas de pure appa rence, mais qu'il y avait chez elles de vrais principes de religion et de vertu. X Procedes de divination employes par F oracle. II y avait plusieurs procedes a Dodone pour rendre les oracles^. Les plus c61ebres etaient eeux du chene et de la colombe, qui ont fourni aussi le sujet des traditions mythologiques sur I'origine et la creation de Toracle ^. Le chêne fatidique de Dodone, dont le creux avait servi de premier siège de l'oracle, était certainement une des reliques les plus vénérées dans le monde hellénique. Il était en même temps le. Diodore de Sicile, XIV, 13,3: « De tous les lieux sacrés de la Grèce, aucun n'était plus visité que celui de Dodore, dont le creux avait servi de premier siège de l'oracle, et était en même temps le... » Herodote, II, 57: « ...Le chêne de Zeus à Dodore, près de Olympe, était de renommée mondiale.» Strabon, VII, Fragm. 1: « Le temple de Zeus à Dodore, près d'Olympe, était vénéré de toute la Grèce. » Suidas, in Suanobolae: « Dodore était une ville de Théssalie, près de Mt. Ossa, où se trouvait le célèbre oracle de Zeus. » Strabon, VII, 7, 10: « ...Le temple de Zeus à Dodore, près d'Olympie, et le sanctuaires des dieux inférieurs, étaient placés les uns à côté des autres. » Eschyle, Prométhée, v. 831 (voir page 138, note 4). Sophocle, Trachinias, v. 1168 (voir page 138, note 5). Voir page 137, note 4, les passages d'Orphée, d'Apollonius de Rhodes, d'Apollodore, de Lucien et de Pline l'ancien. Pausanias, VII, 21, 1 (voir page 137, note 4). Philostrog., /mag., II, 33 (voir p. 157, note 1). PROCÉDÉS DE DIVINATION EMPLOYS PAR L'ORACLE. 165 le moyen le plus ancien par lequel les dieux avaient manifesté leurs volontés aux mortels. Le mouvement de son feuillage et le bruissement qui en résultait servaient les signes par lesquels avait lieu cette manifestation de la volonté divine. La colombe, à laquelle on donnait, comme aux prophétesses, le nom de Pythie, était, après le chêne sacré, le moyen le plus ancien et le plus célèbre par lequel Jupiter et Dionne répondaient aux demandes qu'on leur adressait. C'était la colombe qui, venue Constantin Porphyr., II, 55 (voir p. 151, note 6). Virg., Êgypt., I, V. 149 (voir p. 132, note 4). Eustath., Corami, in Hom. II., B, v. 750 : ÊvO(X Updiv xal ToO ix Spudê (JiavTeCou tou Ao) SpuvaCou Aiê;, -fiv 5pGv icoXiSY^waaov Xt^ti 6 So^o xXtj?, -/jyouv iro^-iS^wvov. * Herodot., II, 55 (voir page 131, note 1). Plat., Afr., p.275, B (voir p. 129, note 2). Lucian., Amor., 31 : σποραδικός; Upav dico^^l^^aoa ^a)vV|v toO( iiaiSi xou( eOcpi^jiiqaev Zpcata; Iti toO xa^ou {iLe|tv7)|i.£vir) 4>Qii8pou. Dionys. Halicarn. Ars rhet. VI, et Eustath. Comm. in Hom. Od., v. 327 (voir p. 132, note 4). Sophoc., Trachin., v. 171 : Α(i)6(a)vi 8iaacl)v 2x neleidScov Icpiq. Proxen., ap. Schol. in Hom. Od., E, v. 327 : νοίί.V|v v£|JLfk)v icp66aTa 2v tok tyJc Α(i>8ct>vT)< fXeai, ToO ivi^.a^ O^eUeTO vojiiPjv xa>.>.iffTr|V xal etp^Qt^ el; T^v a^BTfpav aO^ifjv l^r5>.aff(J6V • 6i9ev xdv 8ec«4'uirjv tpaolv ^T|TeXv icapdt toT; icoi{i.£ai Tot xe xkti.LtfaL icpdSaxa, [jly) edpdvTa 81 ipoiTav xdv 0e6v tC; ioTtv 6 xX^^^a;* t6tc npcuTov ^acl':T?|v 8pGv ^o) VY|v d^etvai jrrt « tcov dxoXouOoOvTcov 6 vec^TaTo; ». E^erdtvavTa 8i Td ^dytov eupeiv icapd tu '2uoi{i£vi vccootI ^ooxi^aavTi iv tc^ X^P^^ ' ^^dXouOoi 8i ^£ yovTai ol icoi|i.£ve(* i^v 8^ to ^vo[ta Mav8ijla; d x>.£d/a;. ToOtov XfyeTat icapopywO^vra tyI 8put 9c A-yJaa*. auTi^v Ixx6<|^ai vtJxTCjp * iceleia8a 8^ Ix tou OTtXiyou^ dvaxO^/aaav liciTd^ai p.V| toOto 8pdv. T6v 8i 87)pL!ZT(i)0£vTa [i.y)x£ti toOto To^iiTjaai , ki Biyetv TOU UpoO toOtou 8£v8pou oO [xi^v d>.^d xal 8 id Td Td^|jLT)[i.a piavCaai aOT(J> toO; H^eipcuTa;* 6i6ev xal XafidvTa? 8(xy]v TaOTTjv elfficpd^aaOai tJ); dTc' aOTOu dirovoiiij; Tdv jtdvTiv Tcpodyei. Pausan., VIII, 23, 4: El 8i El>.ii^v(i)v Toi; ^.dyoi; £ii6[ievov xaTapiO^it^ aaoOai 8eX (te d'Tcdaa 8£v8pa aCxx Iti xal Te6Y)>.dTa ^eCiceTat, irpe<j6tiTaT0v jtiv -^ ).0yo; iailv aOTwv Vi 2v T(j> Sa[j.C(i)v ire^uxuta tepcji Hpa;, [leTa 8^ aOTi^v i/j 2v A(i>8(6vY) 8pu(, xal iXaCa te V| ev AxpoicdXei xal -fi icapd Ay^^Coi;. . .. Senec, Here, v. 1476 : Quercus hanc sortem mihi Fatidica quondam dederat. * Suid. in v. A<i)8(dnr| : Kal elaidvTCdv tuv (XavTeuo[i.£vci)v IxiveiTO ^rflev •f[ 8pu; T^j^oOaa* at 8i i^GlyyovTo 6'Tt Td8e iyti 6 ' Proxen., ap. Schol. in Horn. Od., S, V. 327 (voir la note 1 ci-dessus). Pausan., VII, 21, 1 (voirpagel37, note 4). Philostr., Imag., II. 33 : H jitv XP^^ TtiXna It' iizX ttj? 8pud? iv ).oyCoi< V| ffo^V) xal p^pY)9|i.ol, oO; ix Aid; dva^SiyyeTai. 166 ifeTUDE HISTORIQUE SUR DODONE. d'Egypte * ou envoyee par H6be^, 6tait presentee dans les traditions mythologiques comme ayant engage les Dodon^ens k construire un temple a Jupiter; e'etait elle aussi quiavait indique Foracle a Hel ios le bucheron ^ et qui avait empeche le berger Mandylas de cou per le chene sacre*. La maniere dont cet oiseau volait et celle dont il sc posait quelque part servaient d'indice pour la r6v61ation de la volont6 des dieux^. Un autre moyen de proph^tiser, moins aneien peut-etre , mais non moins fameux que les deux pr6c6dents, 6tait le bassin d'airain dont le son fatidique donnait la reponse de I'oracle aux demandes qui lui etaient adress6es. . Selon quelques auteurs, ce n'6tait pas un seul bassin, mais plusieurs tr^pieds ou bassins de bronze sus pendus, qui rendaient des sons en se touchant les uns les autres ^. * Herodot., 11, 54 (voir page 131, note 1). * Serv., Comm. in Virg. y^n., Ill, v. 466: Narratur et aliter fabula: Jupiter quondam Hcbae filiae tribuit duas columbas humanam vocem edentes, quarum altera provolavit inDodonae glandiferam silvam Epiri, ibique consedit in arbore altissima, praecepitque ei qui turn earn succidebat ut ab sacrata quercu ferrum sacrilegum submoveret : ibi oracu lum Jovis constitutum est. * Schol. in Horn. //., H, v. 234 : 8puT(S{i.ou, fa> ^aol Ti?|v icepiorepdiv icpcoTiQV xaxaSet 5ai t6 [jiavTetov. * Proxen., ap. Schol. in Horn. Orf., S, V. 327 (voir page 165, note 1). Serv., Comm, in Virg. .^n., Ill, v. 466 (voir la note 2 ci-dessus). * Dionys. Halicarn., Hist. Rom.^ I, 14: Ev TaO-uTj (tyI MotTii^vY)) ^.eyexai )(^pirjaT»^piov Apeoc Yev£oOai icdvu dp^atov * 6 81 Tpdiroc aOxou [i.u9o^oyou{x£vij) icotI yev£cOat • iCk'^^ ^aov Ixet jjiiv iiiX 8pud^ tepac xa0e2[o{JL£v7) Tcepiorepi Oe ffiri«i)8etv li^t':fi^ irapi 8e toT? ASopytci OedicejL icTO^ 5pvt?, 6v aOTol jlIv ittxov, fiXXYjve? 81 8puxo dirTYjv xalouffiv, iizX xCovo; 5u>.ivou ^aivdjuvo? xd aOxd £8pac. Strab., VII, Fragm. 1 : Iffb); 8£ Tiva 'icrvjaiv at Tpei^ icepiorepal ln£T0VT0 e^aCpsTOv, i a>v al Upeiai icapanQpoOjiievaiicpoeOf Eustath., Comm. in Horn. Orf., S, v. 327: 8' aOxdc xal el; t^c Ixei ^^eyottlva^ [tavTixd^ ire^ECac ^T^alv ^ti at icf^eiai elc olcovooxoicCav 6ico vooOvTai, xaOd xal xopaixo|^dlvT£ic 'fjtfiv Tive;. Eustathius, Commentaire sur Homère, Odyssée, v. 327: Αἴγὀυ 81 (Σὸν เตῖ Ταρίυις καὶ Τὸ ἱκαριόιστον Αὐτοί οἰκτείρουν, ἴσως οἱ Ἀλαινοί Καλλίμαρχοι φύσει Ἰὼν Αἱρεσιόφου, ἐντεῦθεν τοῦτο Ἰωνικόν Ἀχινῆσθαι ληξί assembler; Demon op. Steph. Byz. in v. Αἱρεσιόφου: Ὄντος ἄλγος (ἀνὴρ εἴκοσι τοῦ δέοντος του Ἀχινῆσθαι αἱρеніαι στροφές. Πρόλαμπρα, δεύτερον, διὰ Τπικοσακ## PROPHÉTIES DE DIVINATION EMPLOYÉES PAR L'ORACLE. 167 D'autres écrivains pourtant affirment qu'il y avait à Dodone une statuette, offrande des Corcyens, et un bassin, placés sur deux colonnes. La statuette tenait à la main une baguette à l'extrémité de laquelle il y avait des osselets suspendus par des chainettes ou par des courroies; ces osselets, agités par le vent, allaient frapper le bassin et lui faisaient rendre les sons fatidiques. Les sons ainsi rendus se prolongeaient, paraît-il, fort longtemps, en sorte qu'on Sfragm. VII, Fragm. 3: Ὅτι -飾όφη καὶ ὑπ' ἀετός Ἀμβρόσιος, ὑπερήφανος ἦν σοῦ δόξα ὑπερήφανος. Τίτο καὶ Φαγέτω στεναγμὸς καὶ διακήρυξιν δέχομαι. Φαγεῖς, Αἴνι᾿ς δικάζεις, εὐήνεσις ἄλλοις. Ἀμφίον δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν σίδην παρεμβολὴν καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ κράνου ἀσπίδα ἄλλοις. Ἐν δέ τῆς πόλεως ὁ οἶστρος τῆς ἀμιάντου καὶ ὁ πύθωρ' ὁ ὑπερήφατος φύλακας τὴν πόλη γὰρ Ἀμφίον ένιπάλυε τὴν στήριξ τῆς ἄλσως ἔννοιας. Αἱρέσεις ἀμιγές, οὐδὲν μιγνύμενον ἄλγεα Ἀμφίον ἐκ πόνων. Ἀμιγῆ γὰρ Ἀμφίον ἔννοιας ἄλγος ἔννυτζ' ἐν αἱρέσει. Τὸ δέ πονταρόν, ὁ ὑπερήφατος ἄλλος, πρὸς ἄλγος σκέδαση. Ἀλγεῖς δὲ πασχούσης Ἀμφίον ἔννοιας μὴ πικραίνουν. Τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ οἱ μὲν σκληροπυимеῖς, οἱ δὲ μὴ πιθυμόντες οὐδὲν πονταροῦν. Ἄλγος οὐκ ἔχει πονταρόν, Ἀμιγῆ γὰρ Ἀμφίον ἔννοιας ἄλγος ἔννυτζ' ἐν αἱρέσει. Ἀμφίον δὲ πάντα ποντίει, τοῦ δὲ Ἀμφίον πονταροῦν. ÉTUDE HISTORIQUE SUR DODONE. La localisation de Dodone est inconnue, mais il s'agissait d'un lieu sacerdotal et d'un centre religieux important. Il est souvent associé à l'étymologie du mot "Dodécaphone" et pourrait avoir été le lieu où les Grecs ont adopté le système dit dorique de division de la gamme en douze sons. Les ancients l'avaient associé à l'anthropomorphisme et à l'hystérie. Il était également connu pour ses oracles et ses prodiges, notamment le chêne de Jupiter et la fontaine de Lethe. Les Romains ont érigé un temple de colonnes en marbre sur les ruines d'un édifice précédent. Le lieu était soit un sanctuaire de la fertilité, soit un oracle de la vicinalité. Les anciens écrivains ont laissé de nombreux témoignages sur Dodone. Pausanias a décrit le sanctuaire de Dodone et les bâtiments attenant, notamment le théatre et les temples de Nymphes et d'Esculape. Strabon a souligné l'importance de l'oracle et de la fontaine de Lethe à Dodone. Virgile a fait mention du chêne de Jupiter et de la fontaine qui se trouvait à proximité. Pliny l'Ancien a dit que Dodone était connu pour ses oracles et ses prodiges, et Siliène a raconté une histoire fantastique qui se serait déroulée à Dodone. Des restes considérables de l'ancienne Dodone ont été mis à jour par des fouilles récentes. On y a trouvé le théâtre, plusieurs temples, des autels, des bassins, et même une inscription en caractères grecs. Ces découvertes attestent de l'existence d'une ville fortifiée qui a connu son apogée sous les Romains. En conclusion, Dodone était une ville importante dans l'antiquité, connue pour ses oracles, ses prodiges et ses bâtiments remarquables. Les recherches archéologiques ont déjà permis de retrouver de nombreux vestiges de cette période, et il est fort probable que des discoveries supplémentaires attesteront de l'efflorescence passée de cette région. *L'épitaphe de Bassus, un poète latin qui a vécu à la fin du IIe siècle avant notre ère, mentionne souvent le sanctuaire de Dodone dans ses œuvres. Comme j'ai déjà eu l'occasion de le dire, parmi les ruines découvertes à Dodone, il y en a qui, par leur forme et leur situation, indiquent des édifices affectés à des usages tout à fait spéciaux. L'attribution de ces Édifices à l'exercice des différents procédés de divination serait, je crois, l'explication la plus probable qu'on pourrait leur donner. On pourrait ainsi placer le chêne, les colombes et la fontaine miraculeuse dans les deux édifices situés sur le même plateau que le temple (pl. III, n° 5 et 5 bis) et le bassin d'airain. Eustathius, Commentaire sur Homère, Livre B, v. 750 : E(r:i xal Aischylus, valgus maris, et rapporte aussi, tu vois, iro).^i peripateticus exeyetos et val, Aischylus vaticinatus in Tefu, lugebatur duobus lupercis, Aischylus vaticinatus in Tefu, vides et Antiochus Technitès Syntethistes levorogametes, Peripateticus viderat in corde auctoris, Stephanus Byzantinus in v. Aischylus : Hapala livet in Ta, lecticupav Texus; vides, Eustathius in Homère, Livre B, v. 750 : Il n'y a pas de lieu que le prophète tue, peripatéticien d'excellence, le Cyprien en fait mention dans ses écrits, et le péril était réel pour ceux qui se pressaient. Mévin, révélateur des anciens, les affréter pour la divination, de la manière dont on l'applique réellement. Cicer., de Div., I, 34 (voir page 142, note 1 et p. 144). Tit. Liv., VIII, 24, 1: Alexandrum Epiri regem ab exsule Lucano interfectum sortes Dodonaei Jovis eventu affirmasse. Serv., Comm. in Virg., Ill, v. 466: Circa hoc templum quercus immanis fuisse dicitur, ex cujus radicibus fons manabat, qui suo murmure instinctu deorum diversis oracula reddebat, quae murmura anus Pelias nomine interpretata hominibus dissertebat. Plin., Hist. Nat., II, 103, 106 (voir page 149, note 2). La situation respective de la citerne placée dans l'enceinte de la ville (pi. III, n°1), de la construction carrée de la maison (pi. III, n°2) avec la statuette sur les deux colonnes placées devant l'entrée principale du temple (pi. III, n°8). Ceux qui venaient consulter l'oracle, soit comme délégués des villes et autres états de la Grèce, soit comme simples particuliers, devaient d'abord offrir aux dieux des dons et leur adresser des prières. Ils n'entraient pas en communication directe avec le dieu, comme dans d'autres endroits où il y avait des oracles, mais ils écrivaient leurs demandes ou les faisaient écrire par les prêtres sur des plaques de plomb, qui étaient remises probablement aux Peliades. Celles-ci consultaient l'oracle et rendaient leurs réponses également écrites sur des plaques de plomb. Nous ne savons pas si c'était le consultant ou bien les Peliades qui choisissaient, parmi les procédés employés, celui par lequel l'oracle était consulté. Il se peut pourtant qu'il y ait eu des règles déterminant d'avance, selon la nature des demandes, le moyen qui devait être employé dans chaque cas particulier. sud-ouest du temple (pl. Ill, n° 5 bis) et de la chambre souterraine découverte sous la scène du théâtre (pl. Ill, n° 2), m'a fait penser qu'il pouvait y avoir eu quelque relation entre ces trois constructions et la fontaine miraculeuse. L'eau ramenée dans la citerne pouvait venir à volonté dans la construction carrée et former la fontaine intermittente et miraculeuse. Elle s'en allait de puis sous terre, par un canal passant par la chambre souterraine qui servait de réservoir, toutes les fois qu'on voulait en cacher le courant dans la plaine. Je n'ai pourtant pu trouver aucune trace de communication souterraine entre ces trois constructions. Voir les réponses de l'Oracle dans les pages 142, note 1, et 144, note 1. Eschyle, Prométhée, v. 659 (v. p. 137, note 1). Xénophon, Scripta, Maris de Vectigalibus (voir page 141, note 2). Voir page 149, note 5, le passage d'Hésiode : Gomme (voir page 167, note 1). Les inscriptions sur des lamelles de plomb découvertes dans le temple de Jupiter nous fournissent un témoignage matériel et indiscutable de ce procédé. Ces inscriptions (voir le Catalogue, sixième catégorie, pages 68 et suiv. ; et planches XXIV à XL), qui ne sont certainement qu'une très-faible partie de la collection qui doit avoir été formée à Dodone pendant des siècles, nous donnent une série de demandes les plus diverses, adressées à l'Oracle par des villes ou par des particuliers et relatives à des intérêts considérables ou à des affaires de peu d'importance. Parmi les inscriptions contenant des Nous ignorons pourtant, faute de renseignements sur ce sujet, en quoi pouvaient consister les cérémonies que l'on y célébrait. Destruction de Dodone. Vers l'an 220 avant J.-C., le temple de Dodone fut détruit pour la première fois par les fédéralistes dont la ligue était en guerre avec les Macédoniens. Dorimaque, général des fédéralistes, se vengeant des Spartiates, allies des Macédoniens et de la ligue athénienne, après avoir ravagé une grande partie de Sparte, détruisit aussi Dodone. Des demandes adressées au Oracle, il y en a qui portent, au revers, des lettres isolées. La plupart du temps ces lettres indiquent le nom de celui qui faisait la demande ; mais il peut y en avoir aussi quelques-unes qui se rapportent au procédé par lequel l'Oracle avait été consulté. Le chant des Pythiaides (voir page 134, note 1). Philostratus, Imaginaires II, 33 : "Propose ou Toutelive, qui, sur les instructions, te persuade que ce qui est important pour toi se trouve là-bas, en ce lieu, et que, de retour, tu careras mieux armé pour agir selon tes désirs." Scholie à Hésiode, de peanuts, p. 133 (voir page 1 id, note 2). Proclus, Chrésylles II, p. 248 (voir page 145, note 3). On peut considérer aussi comme une de ces cérémonies le sacrifice que tous ceux qui venaient consulter l'Oracle étaient tenus d'offrir au Temple humide personnifié par Achille (voir page 133, note 2). Voir aussi, dans la page 161, note 2, ma conjecture sur l'existence de mystères à Dodone. Polybius, Bell. soc. ach., IV, 67: liapa 8i TOi( AItcjXoi^ i^Sy) tcuv dp^aipeaioiv xa Oy|x6vt(i)v ffrpaTYiyd; ijpiOti AcopCjix^o^, 6c icapay TCxa Ti?|v 4px*^v 7capa>.a6wv xal toO? AItw^ou; dSpoCaa^ {leia T(5v 6'i;{i)v, eviGaXev eU ^ou; £va> t6i:ou( ttJ; HicsCpou xal ti^v ^upav l8i^ou Ou{jli xtjTcpov ^p(u[tevo; r^ xaTa<p6opa* xd ydtp icXetov oO rfi; a^cTipa; w^eXeCa;, iWk ttJ; twv HiceipaiTcSv P>.i6Trj; ^dpiv Exa^ta ffuvit^Xef icapaycv<5[Uvo; 8i icpd( Td ivepl Ab>8(dvv)v tepdv Td; tc orodic 2v£ 7:^iat xal icoXXdi tuv dvaOY|[i.dLTa)v 8U^0eipc, xa T^oxa^^e 81 xal t9|v Updiv olxCav, &axi {it^T* elpi) VY); 6)pov {JLY^TC icoX^iiou icpd( AlTotloOc 6icdp^eiv, diW iv djjL^OTipai^ xat; ictpiordlMai napdi rdt xoivd Twv dvOpcil>ic{i>v fOrj xal v6[Ai|i.a j^ptjodai Tai< en 6o^at;. DESTRUCTION DE DODONE. 171 brila les portiques et le temple, à l'exception de la cella, et renversa les offrandes qui s'y trouvaient. Un autre pillage de Dodone eut lieu vers l'an 88 av. J.-C. par les Thraces, que Mithridate envoya en fuite pendant ses guerres contre les Romains ^. A ces deux destructions on peut ajouter aussi la spoliation de l'Épire par Paul-Simile, spoliation qui eut lieu avant le pillage des Thraces (vers l'an 168 av. J.-C), et à laquelle Dodone doit, sans doute, avoir été soumise en même temps que les autres villes espagnoles. Ces catastrophes, arrivées à l'époque où la liberté de la Grèce expirait sous l'empreinte de Rome, avaient fait presque disparaître l'oracle de Jupiter. Pendant longtemps, Dodone et ses temples n'existerent qu'à l'état de mines. Ce n'est que longtemps après, lorsque l'Épire obtint de ses maîtres un peu de repos et l'ombre d'une existence indépendante, que ses peuples ont pu reconstruire le vieux sanctuaire de Jupiter et de Dionysos. L'état actuel des ruines helléniques et le fait qu'une partie des ex-voto trouvés dans ces ruines (dont des époques antérieures à la conquête de l'Épire par les Romains) étaient enfouis sous les fondements des murs romains, construits en petites pierres et en chaussées, prouvent que plusieurs années s'étaient écoulées entre la destruction et la reconstruction. Diodore de Sicile, dans son livre XXVI, chapitre 7, relate que le temple de Jupiter a été brûlé et détruit. Ceci s'est produit lors de l'invasion de Pyrrhus sur l'Épire. Dion Cassius, dans son livre XXXVI, chapitre 2, précise que les briques de ce temple ont été brisées et que les statues de bronze ont été fondues. Strabon, dans son livre VII, chapitre 3, indique que le temple de Jupiter à Dodone a été détruit par un incendie. Plutarque, dans la vie de Paul Émile, chapitre XXIX, relate le même fait. Il m'est impossible de fixer exactement l'époque à laquelle la reconstruction des temples et de l'Oracle eut lieu ; mais ce qui est certain, c'est que, à partir de leur destruction jusqu'au premier siècle de notre ère, l'Oracle de Jupiter ne jouissait pas d'une grande renommée. Ce ne fut que vers la fin de ce siècle ou vers le commencement du siècle suivant qu'il commença à reprendre un peu de son ancienne célébrité. Cette nouvelle existence de Dodone dura jusqu'au commencement du quatrième siècle, époque à laquelle le christianisme devint la religion officielle de l'Empire romain. La série des monuments qui constituait le centre religieux de la ville disparut peu à peu, ou fut détruite. Dodone est mentionnée pour la dernière fois dans les écrits de Claudien, au début du sixième siècle. Les ruines de la ville sont aujourd'hui complètement recouvertes par la forêt. Strabon, VII, 7, 9 et 10: "Cette ville (Dodone) est située sur une des crêtes qui dominent la vallée de l'Infernet." Pausanias, I, 17, 5: "On trouve à Dodone un temple de Cyane, divinité des eaux." Philostrate, Vit. Appl., IV, 11: "On trouve à Dodone un temple d'Appollon et une source, et les eaux de cette source sont employées pour l'ablibation des sacrifices." Clemènte d'Alexandrie, Protrept., c. II: "On trouve à Dodone un temple de Jupiter, et les eaux de cette source sont employées pour l'ablibation des sacrifices." Eusèbe, Praep. Evan., IV, 2, 8: "On trouve à Dodone un temple d'Athéna, et une source, et les eaux de cette source sont employées pour l'ablibation des sacrifices." Grégoire de Nazianze, Orat., IV, p. 127: "On trouve à Dodone un temple de Cyane." Théodoret, de Hist., X, 46: "On trouve à Dodone un temple d'Appollon et un temple d'Athéna, et les eaux de cette source sont employées pour l'ablibation des sacrifices." Idem, Hist., X, 60: "À Dodone, on trouve un temple de Jupiter et un temple de Diane." Claudien, Car., IV, 3: "Dodone, à l'extrémité de la vallée de l'Infernet, est célèbre pour son oracle et pour sa source sacrée." 170 Naurales que j'ai trouvées dans les fouilles (voir page 115 et pl. LXII et LXIII), et parmi lesquelles les plus récentes sont celles de Constantin le Grand et de son fils Crispus, nous fournissent la preuve de cette durée de Temple restauré. Comme plusieurs autres temples de la Grèce, celui de Dodone a été transformé en église, lorsque le christianisme remplaça le polythéisme hellénique. La forme actuelle des ruines du temple et notamment les trois absides situées des trois côtés du pronaos en fournissent la preuve. Je n'ai trouvé parmi ces ruines aucun autre indice du culte chrétien. Le temps en a détruit toutes les marques extérieures, qui n'étaient probablement reproduites que sur des matériaux fragiles. Mais cette transformation du temple de Jupiter en église est prouvée aussi par l'existence d'un évêché de Dodone, dont les titulaires figurent dans divers actes de l'Église d'Orient jusqu'au sixième siècle. Théocrite, de l'Île de Rhodes, p. 403, et Sotius, Commentaire sur Virgile, Enéide, Livre III, vers 466, parlent d'un oracle de Dodone. Tillemont (Histoire des empereurs, t. IV, art. XX, p. 531), se basant sur un passage de Libanius, dit que l'empereur Julien consulta l'oracle de Dodone avant d'entreprendre sa campagne contre les Perses. Libanius ne cite pas le nom de Dodone, mais il dit (p. 252, d) que Julien, avant d'entrer en campagne, consulta les oracles de la Grèce. Il est probable que cet empereur, ayant établi pendant son règne le polythéisme hellénique, ait aussi restauré l'oracle de Dodone. Acta conciliorum (Collectio Canonum Upciiv Scrvicco), édit. Parisiis MDCCXIV. Vol. I, p. 1425 (concile d'Éphèse) : Beda scriptor in Concilio; Acta (12) in Concilio. Vol. II, p. 967 (concile de Chalcedoine) : 4>iX<S0eoc in Tractatu; Acta (16) in Concilio. Id., p. 1569 (lettre sur le même concile) : OOpdivi; Acta (17) in Concilio. Id., p. 1955 (rapport au pape Hormisdas) : Scriptor; Acta (18) in Concilio. Lequien, Oriens christianus, vol. II, p. 139. ÉTUDE HISTORIQUE SUR DODONE. Une petite ville chrétienne a également remplacé l'ancienne ville hellénique ; mais elle n'a pas été bâtie sur le même emplacement que celle-ci. L'enceinte fortifiée, qui est pleine de murs helléniques, ne contient aucune trace de constructions d'une date plus récente. La situation la plus probable de la ville chrétienne serait l'emplacement de l'ancien stade, au sud-ouest du temenos, où j'ai découvert un grand nombre de murailles construites en petites pierres et en chaux (pl. III, n° 6 et 6 bis). Une partie du temenos, celle qui porte encore quelques traces de murailles chrétiennes, peut aussi avoir été comprise dans la ville moderne ; mais le sanctuaire d'Aphrodite (pl. III, n° 7), l'emplacement des monuments votifs du temenos (ibid., n° 9, 10 et 10 bis) et celui des deux édifices situés dans l'enceinte du temple (ibid., n° 5 et 5 bis) ne doivent pas avoir été occupés par des constructions de l'époque chrétienne. On n'en voit de traces ni dans la couche inférieure qui couvrait le sol de ces édifices et dans laquelle j'ai trouvé de nombreux ex-voto, ni dans la couche supérieure qui forme le sol actuel. Je ne saurais fixer avec certitude l'époque à laquelle cette dernière ville et l'église qui avait remplacé le temple ont disparu; mais le fait qu'un évêque de Dodone n'est plus cité à partir du sixième siècle me fait supposer que c'est dans ce siècle qu'elles ont été détruites. Il ne serait pas impossible que les Goths, qui, sous la conduite de Totila, ont ravagé les environs de Dodone vers l'an 550 de notre ère, aient aussi détruit cette ville; mais, dans l'obscurité qui couvre l'histoire de l'Empire pendant plusieurs siècles, il serait difficile de déterminer d'une manière positive quel est, parmi les flots de barbares qui ont saccagé les villes éparses, celui qui a détruit définitivement Dodone. ANNEXE A. Description des statuettes et bas-reliefs en bronze de la PREMIÈRE et DE LA DEUXIÈME CATÉGORIE DU CATALOGUE (voir page 31 et suiv.), PAR M. le baron de Witte, membre de l'Institut. Parmi les monuments trouvés dans les fouilles de Dodone, on distingue tout particulièrement la série des statuettes et celle des plaques de bronze avec reliefs estampés. Chose digne de remarque, en considérant l'ensemble de ces monuments, on est surpris au premier abord de rencontrer dans ces séries un nombre considérable d'objets qui appartiennent à une époque très ancienne, le sixième et peut-être le septième siècle avant l'ère chrétienne, et par conséquent à l'âge primitif des Héllènes. Mais cette surprise cesse, quand on songe aux conséquences des guerres terribles qui ont éclaté vers la fin du troisième siècle avant notre ère entre la ligue des Hellènes et celle des Achènes. Ce fut en effet vers l'an 220 (olympiade cxli, 1) que Dorimachos, général des Hellènes, ravagea l'Épîre et livra au pillage et aux flammes le temple de Jupiter et les autres sanctuaires de Dodone. Plus tard, les Romains, sous le commandement de Paul Félimèle, vers l'an 168, et les Thraces de Mithridate, vers l'an 88, achevèrent la destruction des édifices sacrés. Les offrandes en métaux précieux. 23 DESCRIPTION DES STATUETTES ET BAS-RELIEFS EN BRONZE disparurent ; quelques bronzes, qui avaient été cachés, échappèrent seuls au pillage. On est autorisé à penser que les bronzes enfouis dans la terre, avant l'arrivée de Dorimachos et des hellènes, y restèrent pendant un grand nombre de siècles ; ceci explique la présence dans les fouilles des statuettes et des bas-reliefs d'un art très ancien. Dodone demeura en ruines pendant de longues années. Toutefois le temple a dû se relever vers la fin de la République. Strabon et Pausanias en parlent ; le géographe dit que Dodone a presque disparu avec les autres villes de l'Epire ; le voyageur grec, au contraire, vers la fin du second siècle de notre ère, dit que ce lieu mérite d'être visité. L'ensemble des antiquités recueillies dans les fouilles de Dodone peut donner une idée de l'importance des offrandes consacrées à Jupiter Naios. La patine, fine, brillante et polie, mérite d'être signalée ; cette patine est surtout remarquable dans les bronzes les plus anciens, ainsi que sur la plaque pl. XV et sur la tête d'Omphale, pl. XVII, n° 4. STATUETTES DE BRONZE. Pl. IX, n° 1 et 1 bis. Satyre ithyphallique et barbu, à pieds de cheval, qui danse, la main droite posée sur la hanche et le bras gauche levé. Par derrière, en bas des hanches, il y a un trou qui indique l'endroit où se rattachait la queue de cheval. Le nez aplati et écrasé et l'expression de bestialité dans les traits appartiennent en propre aux satyres, êtres mi-hommes mi-animaux. On remarquera le modelé des chairs et la manière dont sont travaillés les cheveux et la barbe. On reconnaît dans ce beau bronze dessiné sous deux aspects, et qui est un des plus importants des fouilles de Dodone, les traits de l'art grec primitif du sixième ou même du septième siècle avant notre ère. Haut. 20 centimètres. La forme la plus ancienne des satyres semble avoir été, chez les Hellenes, celle où la nature de l'homme s'unit à celle du cheval. Plusieurs circonstances donnent lieu de penser que cette forme monstrueuse des satyres vient de l'Asie. On connaît, dans les monuments anciens, quelques représentations de satyres hippopodes, mais elles sont rares. Pl. X, n° 1 et 1 bis. Aulos jouant de la double flûte. Elle est vêtue d'une tunique talaire à manches courtes et serrée à la taille par une ceinture.
| 14,575 |
https://github.com/tum-db/mlinspect4sql/blob/master/test/monkeypatching/test_patch_pandas.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| null |
mlinspect4sql
|
tum-db
|
Python
|
Code
| 1,763 | 9,119 |
"""
Tests whether the monkey patching works for all patched pandas methods
"""
import math
from inspect import cleandoc
import networkx
import pandas
from pandas import DataFrame
from testfixtures import compare, StringComparison
from mlinspect import OperatorContext, FunctionInfo, OperatorType
from mlinspect.instrumentation import _pipeline_executor
from mlinspect.instrumentation._dag_node import DagNode, CodeReference, BasicCodeLocation, DagNodeDetails, \
OptionalCodeInfo
from mlinspect.inspections._lineage import RowLineage, LineageId
def test_read_csv():
"""
Tests whether the monkey patching of ('pandas.io.parsers', 'read_csv') works
"""
test_code = cleandoc("""
import os
import pandas as pd
from mlinspect.utils import get_project_root
train_file = os.path.join(str(get_project_root()), "example_pipelines", "adult_complex", "adult_train.csv")
raw_data = pd.read_csv(train_file, na_values='?', index_col=0)
assert len(raw_data) == 22792
""")
inspector_result = _pipeline_executor.singleton.run(python_code=test_code, track_code_references=True,
inspections=[RowLineage(2)])
extracted_node: DagNode = list(inspector_result.dag.nodes)[0]
expected_node = DagNode(0,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 6),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.DATA_SOURCE, FunctionInfo('pandas.io.parsers', 'read_csv')),
DagNodeDetails(StringComparison(r".*\.csv"),
['age', 'workclass', 'fnlwgt', 'education', 'education-num',
'marital-status',
'occupation', 'relationship', 'race', 'sex', 'capital-gain', 'capital-loss',
'hours-per-week', 'native-country', 'income-per-year']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(6, 11, 6, 62),
"pd.read_csv(train_file, na_values='?', index_col=0)"))
compare(extracted_node, expected_node)
inspection_results_data_source = inspector_result.dag_node_to_inspection_results[extracted_node]
lineage_output = inspection_results_data_source[RowLineage(2)]
expected_lineage_df = DataFrame([[46, 'Private', 128645, 'Some-college', 10, 'Divorced', 'Prof-specialty',
'Not-in-family', 'White', 'Female', 0, 0, 40, 'United-States', '<=50K',
{LineageId(0, 0)}],
[29, 'Local-gov', 115585, 'Some-college', 10, 'Never-married', 'Handlers-cleaners',
'Not-in-family', 'White', 'Male', 0, 0, 50, 'United-States', '<=50K',
{LineageId(0, 1)}]],
columns=['age', 'workclass', 'fnlwgt', 'education', 'education-num',
'marital-status', 'occupation', 'relationship', 'race', 'sex',
'capital-gain', 'capital-loss', 'hours-per-week', 'native-country',
'income-per-year', 'mlinspect_lineage'])
pandas.testing.assert_frame_equal(lineage_output.reset_index(drop=True), expected_lineage_df.reset_index(drop=True))
def test_frame__init__():
"""
Tests whether the monkey patching of ('pandas.core.frame', 'DataFrame') works
"""
test_code = cleandoc("""
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([0, 1, 2], columns=['A'])
assert len(df) == 3
""")
inspector_result = _pipeline_executor.singleton.run(python_code=test_code, track_code_references=True,
inspections=[RowLineage(2)])
extracted_node: DagNode = list(inspector_result.dag.nodes)[0]
expected_node = DagNode(0,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 3),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.DATA_SOURCE, FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'DataFrame')),
DagNodeDetails(None, ['A']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(3, 5, 3, 43), "pd.DataFrame([0, 1, 2], columns=['A'])"))
compare(extracted_node, expected_node)
inspection_results_data_source = inspector_result.dag_node_to_inspection_results[extracted_node]
lineage_output = inspection_results_data_source[RowLineage(2)]
expected_lineage_df = DataFrame([[0, {LineageId(0, 0)}],
[1, {LineageId(0, 1)}]],
columns=['A', 'mlinspect_lineage'])
pandas.testing.assert_frame_equal(lineage_output.reset_index(drop=True), expected_lineage_df.reset_index(drop=True))
def test_frame_dropna():
"""
Tests whether the monkey patching of ('pandas.core.frame', 'dropna') works
"""
test_code = cleandoc("""
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([0, 2, 4, 5, None], columns=['A'])
assert len(df) == 5
df = df.dropna()
assert len(df) == 4
""")
inspector_result = _pipeline_executor.singleton.run(python_code=test_code, track_code_references=True,
inspections=[RowLineage(2)])
expected_dag = networkx.DiGraph()
expected_data_source = DagNode(0,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 3),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.DATA_SOURCE,
FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'DataFrame')),
DagNodeDetails(None, ['A']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(3, 5, 3, 52),
"pd.DataFrame([0, 2, 4, 5, None], columns=['A'])"))
expected_select = DagNode(1,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 5),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.SELECTION, FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'dropna')),
DagNodeDetails('dropna', ['A']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(5, 5, 5, 16), 'df.dropna()'))
expected_dag.add_edge(expected_data_source, expected_select)
compare(networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(inspector_result.dag), networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(expected_dag))
inspection_results_data_source = inspector_result.dag_node_to_inspection_results[expected_select]
lineage_output = inspection_results_data_source[RowLineage(2)]
expected_lineage_df = DataFrame([[0., {LineageId(0, 0)}],
[2., {LineageId(0, 1)}]],
columns=['A', 'mlinspect_lineage'])
pandas.testing.assert_frame_equal(lineage_output.reset_index(drop=True), expected_lineage_df.reset_index(drop=True))
def test_frame__getitem__series():
"""
Tests whether the monkey patching of ('pandas.core.frame', '__getitem__') works for a single string argument
"""
test_code = cleandoc("""
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([0, 2, 4, 8, None], columns=['A'])
a = df['A']
pd.testing.assert_series_equal(a, pd.Series([0, 2, 4, 8, None], name='A'))
""")
inspector_result = _pipeline_executor.singleton.run(python_code=test_code, track_code_references=True,
inspections=[RowLineage(2)])
inspector_result.dag.remove_node(list(inspector_result.dag.nodes)[2])
expected_dag = networkx.DiGraph()
expected_data_source = DagNode(0,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 3),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.DATA_SOURCE,
FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'DataFrame')),
DagNodeDetails(None, ['A']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(3, 5, 3, 52),
"pd.DataFrame([0, 2, 4, 8, None], columns=['A'])"))
expected_project = DagNode(1,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 4),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.PROJECTION,
FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', '__getitem__')),
DagNodeDetails("to ['A']", ['A']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(4, 4, 4, 11), "df['A']"))
expected_dag.add_edge(expected_data_source, expected_project)
compare(networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(inspector_result.dag), networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(expected_dag))
inspection_results_data_source = inspector_result.dag_node_to_inspection_results[expected_project]
lineage_output = inspection_results_data_source[RowLineage(2)]
expected_lineage_df = DataFrame([[0., {LineageId(0, 0)}],
[2., {LineageId(0, 1)}]],
columns=['A', 'mlinspect_lineage'])
pandas.testing.assert_frame_equal(lineage_output.reset_index(drop=True), expected_lineage_df.reset_index(drop=True))
def test_frame__getitem__frame():
"""
Tests whether the monkey patching of ('pandas.core.frame', '__getitem__') works for multiple string arguments
"""
test_code = cleandoc("""
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([[0, None, 2], [1, 2, 3], [4, None, 2], [9, 2, 3], [6, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3]],
columns=['A', 'B', 'C'])
df_projection = df[['A', 'C']]
df_expected = pd.DataFrame([[0, 2], [1, 3], [4, 2], [9, 3], [6, 2], [1, 3]], columns=['A', 'C'])
pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(df_projection, df_expected)
""")
inspector_result = _pipeline_executor.singleton.run(python_code=test_code, track_code_references=True,
inspections=[RowLineage(2)])
inspector_result.dag.remove_node(list(inspector_result.dag.nodes)[2])
expected_dag = networkx.DiGraph()
expected_data_source = DagNode(0,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 3),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.DATA_SOURCE,
FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'DataFrame')),
DagNodeDetails(None, ['A', 'B', 'C']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(3, 5, 4, 28),
"pd.DataFrame([[0, None, 2], [1, 2, 3], [4, None, 2], "
"[9, 2, 3], [6, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3]], \n"
" columns=['A', 'B', 'C'])"))
expected_project = DagNode(1,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 5),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.PROJECTION,
FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', '__getitem__')),
DagNodeDetails("to ['A', 'C']", ['A', 'C']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(5, 16, 5, 30), "df[['A', 'C']]"))
expected_dag.add_edge(expected_data_source, expected_project)
compare(networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(inspector_result.dag), networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(expected_dag))
inspection_results_data_source = inspector_result.dag_node_to_inspection_results[expected_project]
lineage_output = inspection_results_data_source[RowLineage(2)]
expected_lineage_df = DataFrame([[0, 2, {LineageId(0, 0)}],
[1, 3, {LineageId(0, 1)}]],
columns=['A', 'C', 'mlinspect_lineage'])
pandas.testing.assert_frame_equal(lineage_output.reset_index(drop=True), expected_lineage_df.reset_index(drop=True))
def test_frame__getitem__selection():
"""
Tests whether the monkey patching of ('pandas.core.frame', '__getitem__') works for filtering
"""
test_code = cleandoc("""
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 2, 4, 8, 5], 'B': [1, 5, 4, 11, None]})
df_selection = df[df['A'] > 3]
df_expected = pd.DataFrame({'A': [4, 8, 5], 'B': [4, 11, None]})
pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(df_selection.reset_index(drop=True), df_expected.reset_index(drop=True))
""")
inspector_result = _pipeline_executor.singleton.run(python_code=test_code, track_code_references=True,
inspections=[RowLineage(2)])
inspector_result.dag.remove_node(list(inspector_result.dag.nodes)[3])
expected_dag = networkx.DiGraph()
expected_data_source = DagNode(0,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 3),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.DATA_SOURCE,
FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'DataFrame')),
DagNodeDetails(None, ['A', 'B']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(3, 5, 3, 67),
"pd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 2, 4, 8, 5], 'B': [1, 5, 4, 11, None]})"))
expected_projection = DagNode(1,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 4),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.PROJECTION,
FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', '__getitem__')),
DagNodeDetails("to ['A']", ['A']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(4, 18, 4, 25), "df['A']"))
expected_dag.add_edge(expected_data_source, expected_projection)
expected_selection = DagNode(2,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 4),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.SELECTION,
FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', '__getitem__')),
DagNodeDetails("Select by Series: df[df['A'] > 3]", ['A', 'B']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(4, 15, 4, 30), "df[df['A'] > 3]"))
expected_dag.add_edge(expected_data_source, expected_selection)
compare(networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(inspector_result.dag), networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(expected_dag))
inspection_results_data_source = inspector_result.dag_node_to_inspection_results[expected_selection]
lineage_output = inspection_results_data_source[RowLineage(2)]
expected_lineage_df = DataFrame([[4, 4., {LineageId(0, 2)}],
[8, 11., {LineageId(0, 3)}]],
columns=['A', 'B', 'mlinspect_lineage'])
pandas.testing.assert_frame_equal(lineage_output.reset_index(drop=True), expected_lineage_df.reset_index(drop=True))
def test_frame__setitem__():
"""
Tests whether the monkey patching of ('pandas.core.frame', '__setitem__') works
"""
test_code = cleandoc("""
import pandas as pd
pandas_df = pd.DataFrame({'foo': ['one', 'one', 'one', 'two', 'two', 'two'],
'bar': ['A', 'B', 'C', 'A', 'B', 'C'],
'baz': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
'zoo': ['x', 'y', 'z', 'q', 'w', 't']})
pandas_df['baz'] = pandas_df['baz'] + 1
df_expected = pd.DataFrame({'foo': ['one', 'one', 'one', 'two', 'two', 'two'],
'bar': ['A', 'B', 'C', 'A', 'B', 'C'],
'baz': [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
'zoo': ['x', 'y', 'z', 'q', 'w', 't']})
pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(pandas_df, df_expected)
""")
inspector_result = _pipeline_executor.singleton.run(python_code=test_code, track_code_references=True,
inspections=[RowLineage(2)])
inspector_result.dag.remove_node(list(inspector_result.dag.nodes)[3])
expected_dag = networkx.DiGraph()
expected_data_source = DagNode(0,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 3),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.DATA_SOURCE,
FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'DataFrame')),
DagNodeDetails(None, ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'zoo']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(3, 12, 6, 53),
"pd.DataFrame({'foo': ['one', 'one', 'one', 'two', "
"'two', 'two'],\n"
" 'bar': ['A', 'B', 'C', 'A', 'B', 'C'],\n"
" 'baz': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],\n"
" 'zoo': ['x', 'y', 'z', 'q', 'w', 't']})"))
expected_project = DagNode(1,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 7),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.PROJECTION,
FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', '__getitem__')),
DagNodeDetails("to ['baz']", ['baz']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(7, 19, 7, 35), "pandas_df['baz']"))
expected_dag.add_edge(expected_data_source, expected_project)
expected_project_modify = DagNode(2,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 7),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.PROJECTION_MODIFY,
FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', '__setitem__')),
DagNodeDetails("modifies ['baz']", ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'zoo']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(7, 0, 7, 39),
"pandas_df['baz'] = pandas_df['baz'] + 1"))
expected_dag.add_edge(expected_data_source, expected_project_modify)
compare(networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(inspector_result.dag), networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(expected_dag))
inspection_results_data_source = inspector_result.dag_node_to_inspection_results[expected_project_modify]
lineage_output = inspection_results_data_source[RowLineage(2)]
expected_lineage_df = DataFrame([['one', 'A', 2, 'x', {LineageId(0, 0)}],
['one', 'B', 3, 'y', {LineageId(0, 1)}]],
columns=['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'zoo', 'mlinspect_lineage'])
pandas.testing.assert_frame_equal(lineage_output.reset_index(drop=True), expected_lineage_df.reset_index(drop=True))
def test_frame_replace():
"""
Tests whether the monkey patching of ('pandas.core.frame', 'replace') works
"""
test_code = cleandoc("""
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame(['Low', 'Medium', 'Low', 'High', None], columns=['A'])
df_replace = df.replace('Medium', 'Low')
df_expected = pd.DataFrame(['Low', 'Low', 'Low', 'High', None], columns=['A'])
pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(df_replace.reset_index(drop=True), df_expected.reset_index(drop=True))
""")
inspector_result = _pipeline_executor.singleton.run(python_code=test_code, track_code_references=True,
inspections=[RowLineage(2)])
inspector_result.dag.remove_node(list(inspector_result.dag.nodes)[2])
expected_dag = networkx.DiGraph()
expected_data_source = DagNode(0,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 3),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.DATA_SOURCE,
FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'DataFrame')),
DagNodeDetails(None, ['A']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(3, 5, 3, 72),
"pd.DataFrame(['Low', 'Medium', 'Low', 'High', None], "
"columns=['A'])"))
expected_modify = DagNode(1,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 4),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.PROJECTION_MODIFY,
FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'replace')),
DagNodeDetails("Replace 'Medium' with 'Low'", ['A']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(4, 13, 4, 40), "df.replace('Medium', 'Low')"))
expected_dag.add_edge(expected_data_source, expected_modify)
compare(networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(inspector_result.dag), networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(expected_dag))
inspection_results_data_source = inspector_result.dag_node_to_inspection_results[expected_modify]
lineage_output = inspection_results_data_source[RowLineage(2)]
expected_lineage_df = DataFrame([['Low', {LineageId(0, 0)}],
['Low', {LineageId(0, 1)}]],
columns=['A', 'mlinspect_lineage'])
pandas.testing.assert_frame_equal(lineage_output.reset_index(drop=True), expected_lineage_df.reset_index(drop=True))
def test_frame_merge():
"""
Tests whether the monkey patching of ('pandas.core.frame', 'merge') works
"""
test_code = cleandoc("""
import pandas as pd
df_a = pd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 2, 4, 8, 5], 'B': [1, 2, 4, 5, 7]})
df_b = pd.DataFrame({'B': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 'C': [1, 5, 4, 11, None]})
df_merged = df_a.merge(df_b, on='B')
df_expected = pd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 2, 4, 8], 'B': [1, 2, 4, 5], 'C': [1, 5, 11, None]})
pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(df_merged.reset_index(drop=True), df_expected.reset_index(drop=True))
""")
inspector_result = _pipeline_executor.singleton.run(python_code=test_code, track_code_references=True,
inspections=[RowLineage(2)])
inspector_result.dag.remove_node(list(inspector_result.dag.nodes)[3])
expected_dag = networkx.DiGraph()
expected_a = DagNode(0,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 3),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.DATA_SOURCE, FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'DataFrame')),
DagNodeDetails(None, ['A', 'B']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(3, 7, 3, 65),
"pd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 2, 4, 8, 5], 'B': [1, 2, 4, 5, 7]})"))
expected_b = DagNode(1,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 4),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.DATA_SOURCE, FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'DataFrame')),
DagNodeDetails(None, ['B', 'C']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(4, 7, 4, 69),
"pd.DataFrame({'B': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 'C': [1, 5, 4, 11, None]})"))
expected_join = DagNode(2,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 5),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.JOIN, FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'merge')),
DagNodeDetails("on 'B'", ['A', 'B', 'C']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(5, 12, 5, 36), "df_a.merge(df_b, on='B')"))
expected_dag.add_edge(expected_a, expected_join)
expected_dag.add_edge(expected_b, expected_join)
compare(networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(inspector_result.dag), networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(expected_dag))
inspection_results_data_source = inspector_result.dag_node_to_inspection_results[expected_join]
lineage_output = inspection_results_data_source[RowLineage(2)]
expected_lineage_df = DataFrame([[0, 1, 1., {LineageId(0, 0), LineageId(1, 0)}],
[2, 2, 5., {LineageId(0, 1), LineageId(1, 1)}]],
columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'mlinspect_lineage'])
pandas.testing.assert_frame_equal(lineage_output.reset_index(drop=True), expected_lineage_df.reset_index(drop=True))
def test_frame_merge_sorted():
"""
Tests whether the monkey patching of ('pandas.core.frame', 'merge') works if the sort option is set to True
"""
test_code = cleandoc("""
import pandas as pd
df_a = pd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 2, 4, 8, 5], 'B': [7, 5, 4, 2, 1]})
df_b = pd.DataFrame({'B': [1, 4, 3, 2, 5], 'C': [1, 5, 4, 11, None]})
df_merged = df_a.merge(df_b, on='B', sort=True)
df_expected = pd.DataFrame({'A': [5, 8, 4, 2], 'B': [1, 2, 4, 5], 'C': [1, 11, 5, None]})
pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(df_merged, df_expected)
""")
inspector_result = _pipeline_executor.singleton.run(python_code=test_code, track_code_references=True,
inspections=[RowLineage(5)])
inspector_result.dag.remove_node(list(inspector_result.dag.nodes)[3])
expected_dag = networkx.DiGraph()
expected_a = DagNode(0,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 3),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.DATA_SOURCE, FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'DataFrame')),
DagNodeDetails(None, ['A', 'B']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(3, 7, 3, 65),
"pd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 2, 4, 8, 5], 'B': [7, 5, 4, 2, 1]})"))
expected_b = DagNode(1,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 4),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.DATA_SOURCE, FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'DataFrame')),
DagNodeDetails(None, ['B', 'C']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(4, 7, 4, 69),
"pd.DataFrame({'B': [1, 4, 3, 2, 5], 'C': [1, 5, 4, 11, None]})"))
expected_join = DagNode(2,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 5),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.JOIN, FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'merge')),
DagNodeDetails("on 'B'", ['A', 'B', 'C']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(5, 12, 5, 47), "df_a.merge(df_b, on='B', sort=True)"))
expected_dag.add_edge(expected_a, expected_join)
expected_dag.add_edge(expected_b, expected_join)
compare(networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(inspector_result.dag), networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(expected_dag))
inspection_results_data_source = inspector_result.dag_node_to_inspection_results[expected_join]
lineage_output = inspection_results_data_source[RowLineage(5)]
expected_lineage_df = DataFrame([[5, 1, 1., {LineageId(0, 4), LineageId(1, 0)}],
[8, 2, 11., {LineageId(0, 3), LineageId(1, 3)}],
[4, 4, 5., {LineageId(0, 2), LineageId(1, 1)}],
[2, 5, math.nan, {LineageId(0, 1), LineageId(1, 4)}]],
columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'mlinspect_lineage'])
pandas.testing.assert_frame_equal(lineage_output.reset_index(drop=True), expected_lineage_df.reset_index(drop=True))
def test_groupby_agg():
"""
Tests whether the monkey patching of ('pandas.core.frame', 'groupby') and ('pandas.core.groupbygeneric', 'agg')
works.
"""
test_code = cleandoc("""
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({'group': ['A', 'B', 'A', 'C', 'B'], 'value': [1, 2, 1, 3, 4]})
df_groupby_agg = df.groupby('group').agg(mean_value=('value', 'mean'))
df_expected = pd.DataFrame({'group': ['A', 'B', 'C'], 'mean_value': [1, 3, 3]})
pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(df_groupby_agg.reset_index(drop=False), df_expected.reset_index(drop=True))
""")
inspector_result = _pipeline_executor.singleton.run(python_code=test_code, track_code_references=True,
inspections=[RowLineage(2)])
inspector_result.dag.remove_node(list(inspector_result.dag.nodes)[2])
expected_dag = networkx.DiGraph()
expected_data = DagNode(0,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 3),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.DATA_SOURCE, FunctionInfo('pandas.core.frame', 'DataFrame')),
DagNodeDetails(None, ['group', 'value']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(3, 5, 3, 81),
"pd.DataFrame({'group': ['A', 'B', 'A', 'C', 'B'], "
"'value': [1, 2, 1, 3, 4]})"))
expected_groupby_agg = DagNode(1,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 4),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.GROUP_BY_AGG,
FunctionInfo('pandas.core.groupby.generic', 'agg')),
DagNodeDetails("Groupby 'group', Aggregate: '{'mean_value': ('value', 'mean')}'",
['group', 'mean_value']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(4, 17, 4, 70),
"df.groupby('group').agg(mean_value=('value', 'mean'))"))
expected_dag.add_edge(expected_data, expected_groupby_agg)
compare(networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(inspector_result.dag), networkx.to_dict_of_dicts(expected_dag))
inspection_results_data_source = inspector_result.dag_node_to_inspection_results[expected_groupby_agg]
lineage_output = inspection_results_data_source[RowLineage(2)]
expected_lineage_df = DataFrame([["A", 1, {LineageId(1, 0)}],
['B', 3, {LineageId(1, 1)}]],
columns=['group', 'mean_value', 'mlinspect_lineage'])
pandas.testing.assert_frame_equal(lineage_output.reset_index(drop=True), expected_lineage_df.reset_index(drop=True))
def test_series__init__():
"""
Tests whether the monkey patching of ('pandas.core.series', 'Series') works
"""
test_code = cleandoc("""
import pandas as pd
pd_series = pd.Series([0, 2, 4, None], name='A')
assert len(pd_series) == 4
""")
inspector_result = _pipeline_executor.singleton.run(python_code=test_code, track_code_references=True,
inspections=[RowLineage(2)])
extracted_node: DagNode = list(inspector_result.dag.nodes)[0]
expected_node = DagNode(0,
BasicCodeLocation("<string-source>", 3),
OperatorContext(OperatorType.DATA_SOURCE, FunctionInfo('pandas.core.series', 'Series')),
DagNodeDetails(None, ['A']),
OptionalCodeInfo(CodeReference(3, 12, 3, 48), "pd.Series([0, 2, 4, None], name='A')"))
compare(extracted_node, expected_node)
inspection_results_data_source = inspector_result.dag_node_to_inspection_results[expected_node]
lineage_output = inspection_results_data_source[RowLineage(2)]
expected_lineage_df = DataFrame([[0., {LineageId(0, 0)}],
[2., {LineageId(0, 1)}]],
columns=['A', 'mlinspect_lineage'])
pandas.testing.assert_frame_equal(lineage_output.reset_index(drop=True), expected_lineage_df.reset_index(drop=True))
| 43,581 |
https://github.com/fauzialz/koperasi_admin/blob/master/src/components/loading/loading_mini/LoadingMini.scss
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
koperasi_admin
|
fauzialz
|
SCSS
|
Code
| 41 | 158 |
@import '../../../styles/palette';
@import '../../../styles/shadows';
.loadingmini-wrapper {
z-index: 10002;
position: fixed;
width: 100%;
padding-top: 0px;
}
.loadingmini-box {
width: 86px;
height: 26px;
margin: auto;
background-color: $error-lighten;
border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px;
@extend %better-shadow;
font-size: 14px;
text-align: center;
padding-top: 4px;
font-weight: 600;
}
| 38,981 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13777595
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,012 |
Stack Exchange
|
Teemu Ikonen, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1152077, https://stackoverflow.com/users/969597, mtsr
|
English
|
Spoken
| 470 | 732 |
Redis: Wrong data in wrong tables
I am trying to solve a problem that has been blocking me for a month
I am bulding the backend of an application using Node.js & Redis and due to our structure we have to transfer data from one redis table to another (What I mean by table is the one's that we use "select" i.e. "select 2")
We receive a lot of request and push a lot of response in a sec, and no matter how much I tried I could not stop data getting mixed. Assume we have a "teacherID" that has to be stored inside Redis table #2. And a "studentID" that has to be stored in Redis table #4. How matter what I tried (I've checked my code multiple times) I could not stop teacherID getting into studentID. The last trick I've tried was actually placing callback at each select.;
redisClient.select(4, function(err) {
if(err)
console.log("You could not select the table. Function will be aborted");
else {
// Proceed with the logic
}
});
What could be the reason that I cannot simply stop this mess ? One detail that drivers me crazy is that it works really well on local and also online however whenever multiple request reach to server it gets mixed. Any suggestions to prevent this error? (Even though I cannot share the code to NDA I can make sure that logic has been coded correctly)
Each redisclient instance should be bound to one database only. Otherwise another parallel select may change database before your callback has change to execute
My guess is you're making a mistake with the asynchronous nature of callbacks. I've seen plenty of mistakes where two asynchronous calls change and use the same variable, for example, which leads to unexpected behaviour. Without seeing the actual code, it's hard to say though. Can you minimally reproduce the issue with some code you're allowed to share?
I'm not sure about your statement about having to "transfer data from one redis table to another". Reading through your example it seems like you could simply have two redis clients that write to different databases (what you called "tables").
It would look similar to this:
var redis = require("redis");
var client1 = redis.createClient(6379, '127.0.0.1');
var client2 = redis.createClient(6379, '127.0.0.1');
client1.select(2, function(err){
console.log('client 1 is using database 2');
});
client2.select(4, function(err){
console.log('client 2 is using database 4');
});
Then, wherever your read/write logic is, you just use the appropriate client:
client1.set("someKey", "teacherID", function(err){
// ...
});
client2.set("someKey", "studentID", function(err){
// ...
});
You can obviously encapsulate the above into functions with callbacks, nest the operations, use some async library, etc. to make it do whatever you need it to do. If you need to transfer values from database 2 to database 4 you could do a simple client1.get() and client2.set().
| 28,594 |
2017218622_1922-07-06_1_2_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,922 |
None
|
None
|
Polish
|
Spoken
| 3,729 | 9,166 |
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Ml—nti 1 AM—si Plctr J. VoJclachowaU. 1*17 CtM Ava 8L Loula. Mo. •Okt— XX. Nehmaka. Baw— I CM—Mn Leopold Chloblńokl. Ilu Trodorlek ati O ,. maha. Nabr. ___ JDkr— XXI. Arkaaaaa. Tana I Oki a komat Dr. S. V. Wacnar. 401 PI ar co A—.. Houston. Texas .Okr— XXtL CoUfaa—w I Artaiaai _, _ Cylkowskl. 1411 Soafraaoo at.. Łoa Aafslah rallforala. Okr— XXIII. Wt Mootaawi J. P. T kr— XXIV. Caa JanklewfOa. Ul Prłtahard , Manitoba. Canada. Okr— X^?VŁMpVfadiilawT lMaal 1 Laskowski. 1134 Bdwardsrllls SLAHkiMStk! I Pław—clii AatasJ kard ara, Wlaalpec. mosnown lOMIMl kodtboij wad MDflif W jH N. t«l PODATKI FM NA Ulcktl W. BleAekl. Cenaor. Ł Juutu Bia., Mitchell •«.. cer. lat »«., Mllwaakoe. Wli. >«t. kychltftekl. Praiaa Z. W. V. 1IM-IMI W. Dlrtalon ot.. Oklctft, I1L Alekaaadar Obryckl. 1T1« lltM Ot, Bat« T>im>ir Rakowakl •*» Ra. Market Ot.. Maa tlroka, Pa. lAitf P. Se włoki. *T«T B. Tłat at, Olaralaal, Ohio. ' CZŁONKOWIE KOMMI NOMMACJIl Bolaalaw J. Dalkowekl. fltatlaa D.. Toledo, Ohio. Ludwik M. Kotoekł. IM* Brono* at.. Mil waukao. Wio. Koman J. Kowalowakl. 1411 A Kap aC Chl iRStrafceje da żalmy adrtsa "Zfidy" Zwracamy owa*a rslookom Z wianku N. P., ehr kaM; latifilaJwr awojo mleeakeale Związkowy DOM EMIGRACYJNY p.R. IN SteMtf Avt. ffTiflt PrłrlmuJ* łtnt|rtiit4« o ras |ntd »r v]<MU)«c|rch do S•• Yorku. WffotfM *»k»J# sypialnio. boa płatno hlbllotoLa I eaytolnta. «ao rr amaesna I tania kurknla OIISMTOA rOI.HKA. dom naauorm Imigrantom lądującym w Cliło 'rwAMTt w Katona osaka*. latand 4 eon t Zwlpakowy Domu Krr.tf racyjnapo udal»la basintoro •nwnla rsarsncrych Inform^eyi "Nmu lei mają gorzkie korzenie, ale słodkie O noce.”powiedział wiel ki filozof grecki Ary stołeles. A jednak dzi siaj bez kosztowania gorzkich kazet ció ducha moina czy taniem dobrych gazet i księ. żek. Czytaj Dziennik Związkowy, a tak sercu swemu Jak i umysłowi dasz zdro wę� strawę duchową. Uwagi na Mźasie. Wydanie miseięóne cyrkrfla ru pewnej bratniej urn ni tiji zamieszcza poniższe pytanaa. Czy towarzystwo torałemkiej pomocy rozumie stanowisko swe w stosunku do praeciętnej rodzi ny? Czy przeciętna rodzina uświa damia sobie, jaką korzyść odnosi z benefisowyth polis stowarzysze nia braterskiego T Dopiero jak nieszczęście nas na wiedzi w całej pełni, ro*umiemy doniosłość tych instytucji. Małe sumki odkładane miesięcznie, których się wcale naWet nie csn je. przynoszą w Va«fe nieszczęścia dywidendę ja k obyśmy żadną mia r*. osięgnąć nie mogli, składając małe te sumy do jakiejkolwiek kasy osy też banku. Mądra go spodyni czy gospodarz rozumieją to dobrze i wcześnie zaopatrzą się w certyfikat benefiitowy, któ rego spłaty sę tak małe, że trudno je odczuć, a którego ogólna suma w razie nieszczęści przyjdzie w efcw<Hit kiedy najbardziej potrze ję będziemy. Przeciętna rodzina me ma cię kfńej przy 'końcu rofcn, niżeli na pocoęńkn. Za mała zapłata nie po znała aa odłożenie eipdhi sano j&Magecli pieniędzy na aaekoraeję, łctóia wam zapewpi protekcję w otansym wdekti w atowarijczemo brateratóem. Sam fakt, że musicie zapłacić regularnie wkładkę mie ęięgp+ywt bodźcem do pracy, do poi opazenia lwtP> -bytu, do perw ■yołx mmejazych pośweęuou ae •treny głowy doma eajeeaoęcej dt kweatH finaneoreę. Jat to ja 1 dqn « ngpenknl^ącyok środków zofcia ęnjnkśoi i Aatofo inatytooja ś pukcu cię do aajwfaiiejmy ob epoedbów e denwwej i saperami enia Notatki organizacyjne Konteet -werbunkowy si? A«A. e*yt, nie skończyła się robota <*» Męska, bo ta nigdy akońyj oif ais powinna. • • • "oo mad zdobywaniem no orysk całpnków powinna Uó dalej bcn przerwy, bez egłędania się aa socjalne nagrody, jaki* były w czasie konto* to. . Zwięzek badowió należy za w aaa. Z dnia na dzień —— z tygodnia n* tydzień powiększać trzeba na sz'a eteregi, by przez to organiza cjo wzmacniać i rozszerzać za krea jej pracy. • • a N* nrfejsce wyjeżdżających do krajn członków — a wyjeżdża ich bardzo dużo —— trzeba koniecznie starać cię zdobywać nowych wśród tyeh, którzy tu pozostają. A prze cież jezt dużo takich, którzy do Związku jeszcze nie należą. Można się godzló, lub nio go dzió na to, lab owo w życia spo łecznym — ale na jedno agodzić *i$ wszyscy muszą, że tylko przez siłą liczebną, przez silną organiza cją dofeonaó można zamierzonych celów. owa "W stosunku do organizacji wszy scy msją równe prawa i równe o bowiązki. .Sląd- też wazyzcy ci, którzy w czasie kontestu nie wpro wadzili do Związku ani jednego nowego członka, powinni to uczy nić teraz, po Skończonym konte ście. • o • "W przyszłym numerze -podamy rezultat z pracy czteromiesięcznej MIEDZIANE KOCIOŁKI Knw >4 Gal. ais* $4.M • *« " S.M • ", ", 7.M lt "i •• 75 15 *\ > 11.M Cmif mm włthni nimltry rrlini »— mm kmśmmU WTmyimmy rtmntltś C. O. D. Mio*mtimpi—4lpmpoltkm V | DORMAC MFC. CO.II •u ruŁTOR ar. cmicaoo. u. Wmfeje ttmj sptwb, ab; itizyaMĆ kacbait cMadat przez, cale lato ' ' —+■ vu a. u. o«tw • *i i «*•*«. kt*(^ ak wymaca —Hhili w«cl* Mtmw^ tpłl* 01 »r*o*al niiniM t k N^«nt Mftjr. fłlllM IM ■«!■» HłllTl w l ml mci* W ikMrm Hm im «mU >«J«. *» «• w MMI kMkll l*t*l*). k* WMIgrl » JM Mdl MlMtaikltm oi« »t* a* l*U*Mdi M pMMNli. Akr *• U* •M »»IM«W WMItn MklMI fcM4*«o aliM bM Minii*. Miliit oio M n*nl kl Jwt mk**lmiil* b«o»i*c«ar I artamnm *w«j „»* fct**T M ___ tr* WTMlMu. A4r**wjc4*: naa-o on*er im* «t. lmu. d*j* »• *. Meąt MMM «IIM mtm* **M M 4at*w* »i4| lłtną t»r<*vf PMitMJ* on kilku <ło krrch >*kmiarek mwM*. Harto *o wmm Jmk m*mm* amrM«4 latu* IIN »1—l««»ał*. ZmOmOmJd* *4 triero Mama umiar. — t. j., ilu członków przysporzył nom kontest. Rezultat ten bez wępienia byłby o wiele lepszy, Spdy by nie atrajk górników, jaki objął kilka stanów. • • • Pewien Zwięzkowiec w liście do sekretarza generalnego p. Z*Wi lińskiego ialj aię w tych ałowach? “Z jakiej przyczyny jesteśmy pu blikowani w “Zgodzie”, ieśmy sęleniwi ł niedbali Zwięzkowcy!... Ja i wszyscy inni, płacą podatki, a że żadnych członków nie zdoby liśmy” itd... Otóż, o Ponieważ nikt jednak nie wie, jak długo żyć będzie i exy śmierć nie zawita dziś, ezy ka rok lub za lat 60, przeto każde ubezpieczenie jeat bardzo dobrym osobistym in teresem, aa który właśnie płaci podatki. Ale, aby interes ten roaasenaśraby ma zapewnić trwałość i ciągłość w najdłuść w najdłuść lata, nie wystarcza zapłacić tylko podatki, trzeba koniecznie samemu starać i powiększanie tego in teresu przez wprowadzanie no wich, świeżych sił do organizacji. Gdyfey tak każdy członek wary stkie nri obowięzki wagfędem organizacji trparł tyłko na płaceniu podatków, byłoby ile — bardzo fle. Obowięzki te ąięgają jednak dalej. Od każdego członkini oprócz opłacenia podatków na pośmiertne. Wymaga aię uczę szczania regularnie na posiedze nia swych grupy, wykonywania pe wnej pracy społecznej, czy oświa towej w danej miejscowości, gdzie grupa istnieje, zdobywania no wych członków do swej grupy, by przez to pracy tej nadać większy rozmach, a jednocześnie wytwo rzyć większę siłę organizacyjną. Tak. jak działalność Związku Narodowego nie kończy się na sa mym wypłaceniu pośmiertnego po zmarłym członku, ale obejmuje szeroki zakres pracy społecznej, oświatowej, kulturalnej i wycho wawczej — tak też i każdy czło nek poza opłaceniem podatków na pośmiertnego podatków na pośmiertnego toj przez rozszerzanie wpływów organizacji na eoraz to azersle koła nacego wyehodftwa. Aby więe tego dopiąć trzeba jak najwięcej Indzi wcięgać do organizacji, * * • Ol -więc waayecy, którzy te obo wiże npełniaja, neje do Hobryć h Zwięzkowców, bo nie tylko od orjraniracjł czegóż prignę, ale i «ami daje organizaciji to, eo dać mott, to jmt pnr-e ł et tr. An i* o jaj rozwój, " k a a Gdyby taj pracy pojedynczych członków nie było — zamarłoby zapełnia życia zwięzkowe. ustałby napływ nowych członków, spada łyby coraz wifksza ciężary na członków pozoetałycb, a w k ficu organizacja umarłaby naturalny śmiercią na uwięd starczy. * % • • • Dla tego Yfei wcięż. przypomina my wszystkim naszym osłonkom o tych obowiązkach, budzimy ich s uśpienia, nie dla tego, by im do kuczyć, ale dla tego, by ielT za chęcić do yrykonania obowiązków, jakie są Wiaty organizacji Gdyby nie to przypominanie, że ludzie za pomnieliby zupełnie nie tylko o pracy dla społeczeństwa, ale_ na wet o tym, że do Zwięzku należą. • • * To sę właśnie przyczyny, dis których piasemy o lenistw Espałości, bo chcielibyśmy u wszystkich obudzić cnotę pracy i energie do tej pracy. Lenistwo zaś jest wadą, którą każdy człowiek po-jwinnien w scftne zwalczać. I jeszcze jedno: Aby nic daćj nem sposobności do pisania o tych wadach — zabierzcie się bracia wmzyscy do pracy zwięzkowej. Do pracy s całęż energją i zapałem, bo to przecież pracie nic dla kogo in nego, tylko dla was samych, dla waszych dzieci. Nie upatrujcie w każdym wier szu, w każdym słowie chęci doku czenia "Wam, ale przypomnienia i zachętę do taj pracy, o której wcięż piszemy. Nudne to może dla waz, a może i nieprzyjemne — ale, byście nie brali tego do ziębię, stańcie w szeregu tych, którzy praeuja i już was to nie dotyczy. Z, jakąż radościę śmy aapiut, 4e n nu w Zwięzku nie ma ani jednego obojętnego na •prawy organizacyjne; ani jednego obojętnego na •prawy organizacyjne; ani jednego obojętnego, ale wujty godnie f Wezciwie spełniają swe o bowięki iwazysey zdobywają no wych członków do Związku. Weźcie to aobie do sserca i pozwólcie nam na zamknięcie roku 1922 pisać o eobie jak najlepiej. Pozwólcie nam napisać, że począw szy od dziś do końca roku nic było w naszych ‘zeregach ani jedne go leniwego, ale wszyscy czynni i energiczni członkowie przed którymi pisma nasze (i jpiaząey niniej sze) czoło chylą. C*7 pozwolicie?! A pozwolenia to polega na jedne nej tylko rzeczy: Kiach każdy i Was do Nowago Koku ZDOBę DZIE JEDNEGO CZŁONKA dla lwiętka. To wszystko. Prosimy o to pozwolenie! Wyr anty skórne i wrzody. — P. znaczne polepszenie w etanie jego zdro wia. Po użyciu céerech 'butelek tego lekarstwa, ayn naaz odzyskał w zupełności zdrowie. ” Ni’ jest to medycyna apteczna. Piszcie do: Dr. Peter Fahmay & Co., 2501 Washington St., Chi (Ogł.) 300A<'TWT) ft.600 *rct>1 13.700 w 3 ła tach. Chowajcie srebrne May '/m. Jedno futro daatanledo $3.000. Po Informacje astoate alf do Thomas Oosaark. Big Run, Pa. NATURALNT TYTO* Hadaety: dożucia 5 funtów $1.75. 15 funtów $4 00; do palenia: & funtów $1 25. 15 funtów $3.00 Nie przyaylajcle pieniędzy. Za płacicie przy odbiorze. KARUKU** T4KIA4 TO ASMOMATIO*, Padarak, kenturkj. NA BPRKKDAŹ jedna s najlepszych farm w powiecie* Bi liter, 241 mil od PltteMirgha, 16 mil od Rutter. 1 1 mila od Kr report 05 a krów. Przy dobrej drodze 10-pokoJnwy dom > kapie lalą Woda w łrnrnl. Uaa darmo. -Royalty” od 3 źródeł. WJL R. *0LF Kreeport, Pa. DARMO mę wy*vła*a pnWria katatorakl a opl koionjt w Stania Minna <ł#nM«ęla •'•ta. ktrtr* mo*n* aw1aritl< ■* mai* opłat* kol# Iow*_,_ łaj* iołała Informacja co do can far» naprała uredaaj Aw IM Plaanta po ta am>**oaka pod a&raaani Dapt. 4, * ‘ iri Oklcaft. tU. Faferykaari I Ipprteny n.a_i nijtfpizyca Hit—w w Swiede W WI* «I*W|I>, MINII ftetwkol t»d4Jcl« t>o« płatnych kataln (łajamy termo JttttSSBtt" RUATTA I SERENELLI oa 817 Mn Mori An. Qk^ a WOLE *5^ ąaam «obru nrpnowiw ««T»tWO a» Woj* <| krttklm i ul blMl* UfJI). NntW%» Jo ronrt Choroby notych Dr. R. ROCK Józef Gnarieść 1621 W. l&a dla Clicai. PRACONNIA CHORąGWI SZTANDARÓW, ODZNAK i WSZYSTKIE PRZYBO RY DLA TOWARZYSTW WypłfrtnkwIjTdhpnafcli Mu 4UJCI y fndywidtiałizin Farmer przygotowuje ziemię, za&icwa. uprawia i zbiera plon. Następny rok powtarza to samo, bo gdyby tego nia uczynił, farma jego zachwaściłaby arię. Niektóre firmy przygotowują grunt pod uprawę przez ogłosze na wielkie; niektóre znowu pozostawiają przygotowanie gruntu wym agentom, którzy czynią to przez nawiedzanie swoich ki i jen-tów. Niektóre firmy używają o Tu sposobów, inne znowu nie u żywają żadnego. Tyra się tlóma czy właśnie powodzenie, jakim aięcieszą jednó firmy, a upadek in anych. Jeżeli agaut przedstawi twemu kłijeptowi ceny i gatunek towa rów swej firmy, nie czyni on nic innego niż dziesięciu innych a genteów firm innych, którzy za pomniani t>ą też (bardzo szybko. Ten jednak agent cieszy się po wodzeniem, który oprócz podania tych faktów potrafi zaintereao wae swego klijemta, potrafi mu spejalną zwrócić uwagę na ten lub ów wyrób, którego j. est agen tem, jeńeh potrafi utrwalić w pa mięci swoję, potrafi przed stawić tak zajmujące firmę swo ję, iż Idijent da mu swe zamówie nie, będzie to jkkby zasianie ziarnka, które wzejdzie napewne. IV> odejściu agenta klijent za czyna mzinywlać, jak kaady czło wiek. woli on mieć dó czynienia z indywidmitn przyjemnem, a nie z maszyny ludzką sprzedającą propozycją. Klijent bowiem kła dzie zaufanie twe w powierzcho wności przedstawiciela danej fir my i według tego sędni propozy cje mu przedstawioną. Indy w idealizm powierzchow no** bow iem osobnika przedsta wiajęcego daną firmę znaczą więcej niż cena i jakoóć towaru, więc w pierwszym rzędzie kładzie on swe zaufanie w ręoe firmy, którą przedstawia agent o miłej po wierzch. ownści, który zdobyć po trafił jego zaufanie, jego ezacu nek i przyjaźń. Agent z miłą powierzchownością, który utrzymać aię umie przy kompetencji innych, postę puje naprzód, ale w chwrlłi, kie dy zaprzestanie atarae arię o u trzymanie przyjaznych atoarm ków ze swymi klijentami. Daje on epośbntnśnść swymi klijentami. Daje on epośbntnść wą klijentami, przyjaznych atarwnnic i jeść klijentami. Tak jak farmer mimi przygoto wać grunt, zartiawać grunt. Uprą wini atarwnnic i cięgło rok po ro kówć flco, falc aamo agent mun kultywować twe przyjaźni z kli jentami byłym i i pnrnw.łymn, cąc zebra-plon obfity. Daje fo niektórym agoniom udaje nią otząłą kło zamówienia, pod o aa kiedy inni tracą dawną a wą kjentrte i niekiedy tylko zdołają irbić dobry interea. Twa powierzchowność i indywidualłzm Najwifaoj decydującym gędzie rzynnikjem w przyjęciu cię do jakiegokolwiek atowarzyazeraa. Zadowolenie jeat tym zyakiem wy<*i*miętym prze* Jriijenta z <k>. brego kupna. C*y śmierć, kiedykolwiek, pod pinała kontrakt a jakimkolwiek śmiertelnikiem naznarzaji do kładma zwoje przyjście} Epigramy braterskie Chcąc wpoić w dzieci nasze ko nieczność nauki, musimy wykazać zastosowanie tejże na sobie. • • '• Firmy i pojedyńczy członkowie ktdkay cierpią wskutek kompety bji innych firm zasługują nr to w zupełności, skoro nie umieję wy kazać swych przymiotów. • e % Dofcry gust da się spieniężyć, o ile unie się go zastosować. • • • Znaczek pocztowy może ci^ro gę otworzyć tam, gdzie dostęp wAr union nawet prezydentom banku. Dobre drogi prowadzą do do brych miast. Odpowiedzialność jest najwię kszym czynnikiem sprowadzają cym ludzi ze złej drogi. Dobry małżonek sięga do kie szeni >Ie razy przcchculzi skrzyn kę pocztową. Ponieważ meta, jakąśmy obrali xdaje się t>ddaloną, ety jest to po wód słuszny* byśmy przestali dą żyć ku nriejT • • • "WieScy pisarze sę ci, którzy własne aspiracje oblekają w sło wa. Dostarczenie przedmiotów jest tak samo ważne jak wydostanie zamówienia. Oceniamy dopiero wówczas o ryginał, kiedy zapoznaliśmy się z imitacją. Każden z nas ma zamiłowanie do prawdy jeżeli może nie u sa mego siebie to u innych. Ludzie czują się najszczęśliwsi kicę!y mogą podać pewne infor macje. Nigdy nie nauczy z nikogo od powiedzialności, jeżeli nie zmu sisz go wpierw do ponoszenia konsekwencji swvc.i kroków. Odwaga wzmacma. boja/ń o słabia. Odwaga zwycięża, podczas kiedy obawa o stratę nas przypra wia. Odwaga wyradza zaufanie u drugich, ot^iwa wzbudza pogardę. Niewydajność połęczona 2 en tuzjazmem jest niebezpieczną mieszaniną. Niewiele osób, jest tak bied nych, by nie mogło się pochwalić choćby jedną bogatą koligacją. Definicja pesymisty. Pesymisto nosi zailęść szelki jak i pasek. Niektórzy z nas gotowi sę pró cować i ośmnaścic god/in, byle utrzymać się przy lżejszej pracy. Odpowiedzi Redakcji Łt furman, sekretarz Gminy 16 Ł!” P-i Duluth, Minn. Zawiado mienie o regularnym posiedzeniu rzeczonej Gminy nadeszło za pó źno, by mógł być na czas zamie szczone w “Zgodzie”. Zawiado mienie to nadeszło do nas 28-go czerwca, gdyż “Zgoda” już była pod prasą w poniedziałek 26-go czerwea, gdyż pismo drukuje si? wcześniej, aby na czas mogło być przesłane pocztą do dalszych o kolie. Taicie zawiadomienia muszą być nadsyłane o kilka dni wcze śniej, jeżeli mają być na'czas wy drukowane. Tow. Biały Orwł, gr. 1746 Z. N. w Cannonaburg, pa. Musimy Wam odpowiedzieć, jak powyżej Gminie 16-ej. Zawiadomienie o zabawie nadeszło za późno, bo ”Zgoda” była już wydrukowana. Prosimy o wcześniejsze nadsyła nie podobnych komunikatów ter minowych. KOMUNIKACJA MIĄDZY ŚLĄ SKIEM A POLSKĄ •ouowfco, 29fo maja. Zagłębie Dąibrowslrie należy do jednej s najbardziej wiludnionyrh okolic Polaki. Powiązanie tamtejszych nrterji komunikacyjnych z Oót nym Męskienf i resztą Polski po siada pierwszorzędne znaczenie. Jak wszędzie, tak równie w Za głębiu panują opłakane stosunki mieszkaniowe. Juz od roku 1919 sejmik powiatowy będziński i organizacje miejskie zajęły się epra wą mieszkań i komunikacji i po hlitszem badaniu doszły do prze konania, że tylko przy pomocy i PlECr, PRYSZCZE, PLAMY NA TWARZY, "—rTJZptfirnm..mar.,., łL»*rsjm5“aflt’*«ss, niTDMJJUUMJlUBDOStl oł* «pro« do nu, uImhJic lic Markach — r*n,t« prajr adblorm*. Raajjdyaa.^ — — KTOR lar. ul ^•sssuysr N* LECZY STARERANY x I NISZCZY HEMOROIDY Równie! wstrzymuje drażnienia egzeray prawie natychmiast. **,w‘i mi lMrrti* aa rado*t« uK P«.n«n «. «{»!«■ itirt raa« na U w et nodza pn-« rek. ZwmImu mkywaó malri Peter.oa, *r»y lm<*U tema. Tara* jeatem J« A. C. Gilbrath, 708 Reed Street.' Lrta. ..Wole otrzymać liat podobny d» <»« •» **•* /y"..aU 1000 4ol> •4 Jaka D. Rarke/ełtara. Odnowam git kaUa aedowoloaio, ta Jeattm w a tan, a po ■Ma laduoa. ./* Wl cpraada wałem UA9Ć VT.JT.R •OS A w pudełkach po 88 c«nl|« «o weayatklck aptekach. Lor ani eto włatnwe t*l męłcl M cudowna. Gfitoa mika w kilka datach. Staro rany Koj« alr mar caaio. Hemoroidy aa któro lana autach. Na warnik >a oparami* dnaia wyroot cudowało. Zamówienia pocztowe za łatwiano jrriea Palereoa Oiauusi Co. lae Buffalo, WIELKA WYPRZEDAŻ MIEDZIANYCH BLASZANEK P» nUaajrcił ctnack nU |dłM«l«Mk HOME SALES CO.. Nel Im. Dtpl. 200 IMS W. lich 31.. Cklcłt*. Ul. kłUltf — wyryłam? darmo. bxtra Hińnonlf War.«n< w«||ł* | Wlw.tr flwk.r. Skraypcr Importowa *anot ‘ i«. fanofrafy or»» pMwklw rrkonty ;« fitotelMj «*nlk Ki twlort wyoyUmT r* otrsymanlu 1 ft- w •n*««K*ch IWItow.rh —Wimuiwin •W Mocklsf •▼•. Ona! BspUi, Mlek nicjatywy prywatnej i przy do kładnej kalkulacji handlowej li dzie można przeprowadzić budo \vą nowych linji, łączących naj ważniejsze punkty dwóch naszych wielkich zagłębi węglowych. W celu więc zjednoczenia wysił ków. zmierzających w tym kie runku miasta Sosnowiec, Będzin Dąhrówu i 4 'zełiffz oraz srjmt powiatu będzińskiego utwor/.ył> spółkę z ograniczoną poręka, do której dopuściły spółkę *• Siła i światło’’ 7. Warszawy. Spisano akt i wybrano do zarządu spółki p. Aleksandra Trzcińskiego, sta rostę będzińskiego jako prezesa. Pierwszym zadaniem spółki lu dzie budowa dwóch linji kolejek elektrycznych: y. Dąbrowy pr/ci Będzin, Sosnowiec do Szopicn. , oraz t. Będzina przez Czeladź do Latrrahuty. KOSY I SIERPY laportonaa* koty I ulw PT, która wilatf uurrorfio »• attójml nHalaMl. Ko ■» $LH 4« HM. Slorpy po Mf. fliwle po nul br*. ptot>7 ryrhiltn. J. KORECEK Dtpu. mi W. l«tk M. 4 hlrw III. INSTRUKCJE* Ał|rto,,“ł»ł ^łt •* liwinunuc. aoimy w oitirKh tr fMlUok MM pontf. Wowjr ■ y »t• Ol. potni** htittki ul *loir*Ika Bi.nlti* (wuutowup »* ad tai*. a Se i* li»r '• l la fil. Otriymir.il Ib for _ Bluek* Bchwiitiar, ia*» •▼*, Wiw York. W.T. Dir’ <*• aaa^T 'mi* 1 L* miarko* POLSKA FRIU ODZNAK, KARP. SZTANDARÓW. CHORĄGWI. GUZICZKÓW, PIECZĘCI. Mn. W. MU M|»! Bmw Works MM MflwiuhM A**.. CHICAGO. Od .MII I bo Mci PA1N-EXPELLER WMtowr V. *. M o* A n^yycw w poiriiow.
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r_G_SPS_NMEX303A1_1
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WTO
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Open Government
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Various open data
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French
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G/SPS/N/MEX/303/Add.1
19 janvier 2017
(17-0372) Page: 1/2
Comité des mesures sanitaires et phytosanitaires Original: espagnol
NOTIFICATION
Addendum
La communication ci -après, reçue le 1 9 janvier 2 017, est distribuée à la demande de la délégation
du Mexique.
_______________
Exigences phytosanitaires régissant l'importation de graines de chou ( Brassica oleracea )
originaires du C hili et en provenance de Hollande
Les exigences phytosanitaires régissant l'importation de graines de chou ( Brassica oleracea )
originaires du Chili et en provenance de Hollande sont entrées en vigueur le 2 2 décembre 2 016, à
l'issue de la période de consul tation correspondante et en application de la Décision établissant le
module d'exigences phytosanitaires pour l'importation de marchandises réglementées par le
Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'élevage, du développement rural, de la pêche et de l'alimentati on en
relation avec la préservation des végétaux, publiée dans le Journal officiel de la Fédération le
7 février 2 012.
http://members.wto.org/crnattachments/2017/SPS/MEX/17_0 397_00_s.pdf
Le présent addendum concerne:
[ ] Une modification de la date limite pour la présentation des observations
[X] La notification de l'adoption, de la publication ou de l'entrée en vigueur d'une
réglementation
[ ] Une modification du contenu et/ou du champ d'application d'un projet de
réglementation déjà notifié
[ ] Le retrait d'une réglementation projetée
[ ] Une modification de la date proposée pour l'adoption, la publication ou l'entrée en
vigueur
[ ] Autres:
Délai prévu pour la prés entation des observations : (Si l'addendum élargit le champ
d'application de la mesure déjà notifiée, qu'il s'agisse des produits visés ou des
Membres concernés, un nouveau délai pour la présentation des observations,
normalement de 60 jours civils au moins , devrait être prévu . Dans d'autres
circonstances, comme le report de la date limite initialement annoncée pour la
présentation des observations, le délai pour la présentation des observations prévu dans
l'addendum peut être différent.)
[ ] Soixante jours à compter de la date de distribution de l'addendum à la notification
et/ou (jj/mm/aa) : Sans objet
Organisme ou autorité désigné pour traiter les observations : [X] autorité nationale
responsable des notifications, [ ] point d'information national . Adresse , numéro de fax
et adresse électronique (s'il y a lieu) d'un autre organisme:
Subsecretaría de Competitividad y Normatividad
Dirección General de Normas
Av. Puente de Tecamachalco 6, Piso 2 Lomas de Tecamachalco
Sección Fuentes, C.P. 53950
Naucalpan de Ju árez, Estado de México
Téléphone : +(52 55) 5729 9100 int. 43244 G/SPS/N/MEX/303/Add.1
- 2 -
Courrier électronique: normasomc@economia.gob.mx
sofia.pacheco@economia.gob.mx
Site Web: http://www.senasica.gob.mx/?id=5145
Entité auprès de laquelle le texte peut être obtenu : [ ] autorité nationale responsable
des notifications, [X] point d'information national . Adresse, numéro de fax et adresse
électronique (s'il y a lieu) d'un autre organisme:
Subsecretaría de Competitividad y Normativi dad
Dirección General de Normas
Av. Puente de Tecamachalco 6, Piso 2 Lomas de Tecamachalco
Sección Fuentes, C.P. 53950
Naucalpan de Juárez, Estado de México
Téléphone : +(52 55) 5729 9100 int. 43244
Courrier électronique: normasomc@economia.gob.mx
sofia.pa checo@economia.gob.mx
Site Web: http://www.senasica.gob.mx/?id=5145
__________.
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7671141
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StackExchange
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
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Stack Exchange
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Aagaard Stern, Mohammed Ali, Motunrayo Olamide, Vadim Iarovikov, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16998716, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16998717, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16998718, https://stackoverflow.com/users/17000027, https://stackoverflow.com/users/978002, jzhu379
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Danish
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Spoken
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How i can get windows logon domain name from AD domain name
I have AD domain name like MyDomain.com and Windows logon domain name like MD (MD=MyDomain). How I can get win logon domain name from AD domain using DirectoryEntry.Properties collection?
I found solution here: http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/csharplanguage/thread/add6bc4d-273f-495a-a7ec-ee29b0fe34bd/
Probably, you could use this:
string username = "<username>";
DirectoryEntry de = new DirectoryEntry(
"LDAP://" + ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ADDomain"],
ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ADUsername"],
ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ADPassword"]);
DirectorySearcher ds = new DirectorySearcher(de);
ds.Filter = string.Format("samaccountname={0}",
(username.Split('\\').Length > 1) ? username.Split('\\')[1] : username);
SearchResult result = ds.FindOne();
if (result == null)
throw new ArgumentException(
string.Format("Username '{0}' does not exist in the active directory", username), "username");
You can then use the Properties collection on the SearchResult object to get information from the user object (e.g. result.Properties["samaccountname"]). Some useful keys are:
List item samaccountname (Windows username)
List item displayName (Full name)
List item telephoneNumber
List item mail (email address)
List item department (the department the user belongs to)
| 29,495 |
patrologiae_cursus_completus_gr_vol_046_38
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Greek-PD
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,863 |
Patrologiae Cursus Completus - Series Graeca - Volume 46
|
Google Books
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Greek
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Spoken
| 7,019 | 26,999 |
αὐπὶ νϑη ἰ586ι δυιΐίθη, δίαᾳυθς 6Ὰ Δημαπιἰαθ5οῖ, τυγθι ἱπνοιὶ! Ματίδηι ὅδοον, οἱ δοληηδηι, οἱ ἃ11858 πΠοπη}}}] 85 οὐπὶ ᾿ρ518, οαπὶ ἃρρᾶ- τγαίι ἁγοι δία} οἱ υπρυσηίογιιπι Δ ΒΟΡΌΪΟΓΟ ΣΙ ρ1Ὸ- ΡοΓΆη(68 "ἴ, ἀἰδουϑ5ὶ8 (6 πα γῖ5, 86. ργοίαπαο ἀἰ- οὐἷο (ΠΙος εδῖ, ᾿ιι5ΐ0 δ. ὑδγο, οἱ πιο ργϊπιυῃ ἰη- εἰρίθη!θ), οὐ ἰπαυῖὶ [μποᾶ8 5, οἱ δάιηροηβ 86 08 οὐπὶ οἷ8 ἰθαι, ἃ. ῬγΓΟμίῸΓ Ἀγ 6 ἢ 5 οΓμὰ δθβιιῃ ἀοβ᾽6- τίαπι ἀτιχ δάγυηι υἱοί Ρ, δ6 ργορίοῦ ἰδῆς οἰαγί- λίπ), 41|8π| 6χ 010 Δι ορίδ δϑί, ργίιπα δρυὰ ὄνδη- 66} 5145 πυηιθγαίαγ. Οὐ ρίε αὶ φηΐπ οἰἶϑι 118. ΠΟὴ ΕΣ ᾿|8, 4185 2400) 5686 6 ἃ} ἃἰίαγὰ Μαῦὶδ διιαϊν ββοηῖ, βοά ὁχ {Π||8. ἱρ5ὶ8, 4υς υἱ ἀΐββθιηι:, νοὶ δηζθίογ ἢ Ῥγωβοητδ ἤθη} ἤδγὶ τοβυγγοοιοη β: οἱ δγαΐ οἱμπὶ οἷ ργυάσπιον ἃς ἀδάϊια ορογὰ (λοθι5, πἰμ]ηυς ἀἰ- Β ᾿Αλλὰ ταῦτα τῆς Μαρίας εἰπούσης, καὶ περὶ τὴν ἔρευναν ἐπτοημένης τοῦ σώματος, χαὶ μᾶλλον ἐπι- στραφείτης, ὥστε κχαὶ πορευθῆναι, βασανισθεῖσαν ἱκανῶς θεασάμενος ὁ διιχνούμενος ἄχρι μεριαμοῦ ψυ- χῆς χαὶ πνεύματος, ἁρμῶν τε καὶ μυελῶν, χαὶ χρι- τιχὸς ἐνθυμήσεων καὶ ἐννοιῶν χαρδίας " φωνῇ μιᾷ τὴν ἀπιστίαν ἐξέχοψε, χαὶ τὸ βλέμμα τῆς γυναιχὸς ὥξυνε πρὸς ἐπίγνωσιν, εἰπὼν μόνον, ὡς αὐτὸς ἐγίνω- σχε, ἐντροπιχῶς “ Μαριάμ. Καὶ παραχρῆμα ἐπι- στραφεῖσα, καὶ, ἹΡαθουνὶ, προσηγόρευσεν, ὃ λέγεται, Διδάσκα,λ6, καὶ τῶν θείων ποδῶν ἐχείνων ἐζήτει λαδέσθαι, χαὶ ἤχουσε' Μή μου ἅπτου. Οὔπω γὰρ ἀναξέδηχα πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα μου. Ταύτης, φησὶν, ἤδη τῆς φωνῆς τυχοῦσα τῆς δωρεᾶς, καὶ ἁψαμένη μου μετὰ τῆς ἄλλης Μαρίας, καὶ προσχυνήσασα, καὶ τοὺς πόδας χρατήσασα χατηφρόνησας, ὡς καὶ ἀπι- στῆσαι, χαὶ οὐδὲν μέγα διενοήύθης περὶ ἐμοῦ, ἀλλ᾽ ἔτι περὶ τὸ μνῆμα ἑξήτεις τὸν ἄνωθεν θεϊχῶς πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα ὑπάρχοντα. Καὶ νῦν μή μου ἅπτου, εἰ μετὰ τῆς αὐτῆς διανοίας τὸ πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα ἀνα- θῆναι νομίζεις ἐλλείπειν μοι. Οὔπω γὰρ ἀναδέδηκα χατὰ σὲ πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα μου" πιλὴν πορεύου πρὸς τοὺς ἀδειφούς μου, καὶ εἰπὲ αὑτοῖς " Ἄγα- δαίνω πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα μου, καὶ Πατέρα ὑμῶν, καὶ Θεόν μου, καὶ Θεὸν ὑμῶγ.. Ἐπειδὴ γέγονα, φησὶ, χατὰ σάρχα πρωτότοχος ἐν πολλοῖς ἀδελφοῖς, οὐχ ἐμαυτῷ νῦν, ἀλλ᾽ ὑμῖν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς, σωματιχῶς ἀναθήπομαι πρὺς τὸν Πατέρα μου, χαὶ Πατέρα ὑμῶν, χαὶ Θεόν μον, καὶ Θεὸν ὑμῶν. Εἰ μὴ γὰρ ἐμοῦ Θεὸς ἐχρημάτισας, ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸ ἅμωμον τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύπεως διὰ τὸ ἀγνοεῖν ἁμαρτίαν, ὡς ἐν ἀπαρχῇ τοῦ γένους ἰδὼν, οὐκ ἂν ὑμῶν ἐκλήθη Πατὴρ, ἣ Θεὸς τῶν ἀπηλλοτριωμένων αὐτοῦ. 61 ΙΝ ΟἸΒΙΒΤΙ ΒΕΒΌΟΚΠΕΟΤΊΟΝΕΜ ΟΠΑΤ. Π. δ48 νὸν ἰδοῦσαι τοῦ μνήματος, ἔνδον ἐγένοντο, καὶ οὐχ Α 66Π8, οὑπὶ Δἀπιϊγαπί65 δίχυ ἀθδἰιΔπῖδ 5. δῶπι ἰπίογο εὑροῦσαι τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, καὶ ἀπορούμεναι, βλέ- πουσιν ἐπιστάντας αὐταῖς ἄνδρας δύο ταῖς στολαῖς ἐξαστράπτοντας, καὶ ἤχουον παρ᾽ αὐτῶν " Τί ζητεῖτε τὸν ζῶντα μετὰ τῶν γεχρῶν ; Οὐκ ἔστιν ὧδε, ἀλ1᾽ ἠγέρθη, καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. Καὶ ὑποστρέψασαι, φησὶν, ὁὀπὸ τοῦ μνημείου, ἀπήγγειλαν ταῦτα πάντα τοῖς ἕνδεχα, καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς λοιποῖς. ϑυάίνογυηὶ : Ομ φιανὶὶς υἱυεπίοπι ομπὶ πιοτί εἷς ἢ ἃ πιοπυπΊιθηῖο πυπίϊλνογυπὶ πὸ οπιηΐδ ππάθοίπι ᾿Αλλ᾽ ὡς πλῆθος ὄντες, μᾶλλον ἠπίστησαν χαὶ τὰ ἀπαγγελθὲν ἔσχωψαν χαὶ διέπτυσαν. Ἐφάνησαν γὰρ ὡσεὶ λῆρος τὰ ῥήματα αὐτῶν, καὶ ἠπίστουν αὐταῖς, ὥστε τὸν Πέτρον πρὸς τὴν ἐχείνων ἀπιστίαν διανα- ΠΟ θεῖ Πΐἶε, δοά «ἰττοσὶ! 5, εἴς. Εἰ ΤΟΥΟΓΒ28, 118. υἱγβ, οἱ σβίϑγὶ8 οπῃηίθυβ. ᾿ γορϑγοῖ ; βεὰ δχβρϑοίδυδϊι γογυτ φαβίδγιπι ἐοβιἸπο- πἴυπι, οἱ ἀγθάοθαι [ογα υἱ οἰΐδπι 1118 5:4 }}Πδιΐμι οογιἃ [468 μ᾽εηληι Ρεγδιιδϑίυ μῈγ ὀου]ογυμ ἤαγεῖ ἰηςρ6- οἰἰοηοηιϊ. ᾿ἰάφυθ οαπὶ ἰαρ᾽ δ πὶ ἃ πιοπμ πηι ΓΘΥΟΪυ - (υη) νἱ ἀἰβθοηῖ, ᾿πφγαβ88.5 βυηΐ, δἱ ποη ἰῆγβῃιο 60 Γ- Ροτγα 650, Δηχίδ δἴηιιθ ᾿ιϑϑἰιληι65 νυἱάθι δβίδη[68 510] υἱγοβ8 ἀυ:08 5.0}}5 φυιδλδὶ οι] σιιγαπίεβ : ἃ υΐθὰ5 ἰπσυΐὶ, ϑ6ἀ υἱ δγαπὶ συ] οἱ πηυεἰτυἀ0 οοηἴι88, πιδρὶδ δὰ ἱπογεὰυ)ιδίοπι ἀοοτογυηί, δια ἰά φιοὰ γοὶδ- ἴυπι ογαῖ, ον] ΠΔὈΔη ΟΡ, τοβρυοθδηὶ οἱ Ἀυογβαυδη- ἰυγ. ΥὙἹἀοθδμίν δηΐπὶ υοῦθα δαγιπὶ 4Πδϑὶ ἀθ!ῖγα- στάντα, χαὶ ἢρέμα πως καὶ αὐτὸν θορυδηθέντα χαὶ Β Παθηϊ8, πθηυδ ἤάδπι ᾿1}18 Βα θα υδπι!, δάθο υἱ Ρείγυς σαλευθέντα, πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ μνημεῖον δραμεῖν καὶ πα- ραχύψαι, χαὶ ἰδεῖν πάλιν τὰ ὀθόνια χείμενα, ἅπερ εἰσελθὼν ἤδη καὶ θεασάμενος ἀχριθέστερον, ὅθεν ἀρχεσθεὶς τῷ παραχύψαι μόνον, χαὶ μηδὲν ἰδὼν ἀλ- λοιότερον, ἀπῆλθε θαυμάζων χαὶ ἐχπληττόμενος τὸ γεγονὸς, χαὶ δοξάζων τὸν ταῦτα οἰχονομήσαντα. Καὶ πάλιν ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ Μαρία, καθάπερ ταῖς περὶ Ἰωάννην ὄρθρου βαθέος συνεπορεύθη φερούσαις ἃ ἦσαν ἐτοιμάσασαι πρὸ τοῦ Σαδδάτου μύρα τε χαὶ ἀρώματα - τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ τῇ Σαλώμῃ, ξένῃ γυναιχὶ παρὰ τὰς ἄλλας τὰς ὠνομασμένας, βραδέως μὲν, ὠνησαμένη δὲ ὅμως ἀρώματα, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὸ Σάόθατον, ἀόχνως μετὰ τῆς αὐτῆς διανοίας συνέτρε- χε, παραλαθοῦσα χαὶ Μαρίαν τὴν Ἰαχῴδου μεθ᾽ ξαυτῆς, ὥστε χαὶ τῇ ἀγορασίᾳ τῶν ἀρωμάτων χε- ΄ χοινωνηχέναι δοχεῖν. Κοινωνήσασαι γὰρ τῆς ὁδοῦ, τὸ πᾶν χοινῶς ἐλογίσαντο σπούδασμα " Καὶ «1ἰαν πρωΐ. τῆς μιᾶς Σαδδάτων ἔρχονται ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα. Ἔτι τοῖς ἀχριθεστέροις τῶν ἀντιγράφων ἐμφέρεται δη- λοῦν, ὡς πρὸς ταῖς ἤδη γεγενημέναις, καὶ αὕτη τῶν γυναιχῶν ἡ ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα ἄφιξις γέγονεν. Τὸ δὲ, Αίαν πρωϊ,ααφηνίζων ὁ Μάρχος, ᾿Αγατείλαντος τοῦ ἡλίου, “προσέθηχεν. Καὶ ἔλεγον, φησὶ, πρὸς ἑαυτάς" Τίς ἀποκυκίσει ἡμῖν τὸν Ἅ1ἰθον ἀπὸ τῆς θύρας τοῦ μγημείου; Καὶ ἀναδιλέψασαι θεωροῦσιν ὅτι ἀπο- χκεχύλισται ὁ «1ἰθος. Ἦν γὰρ μέγας σφόδρα. δεΐδηι ᾿ρ56 ρϑυ!δίίην ργορίου {ΠΠουυπὶ ἱπογοάυ ἢ δίοια ᾿ δἰίψυο πιοάο ρογιυγθαῖι8. οἱ δυοίυληβ βυγγοχογὶί, ἃς ΤύυΓβιι8 δὰ πῃ οπυηδηΐιπι ΘΟΘΌΓΡΓΟΓΙ, δίᾳια ὑτο- βρίοἰδηβ ἰἰεγυ φυόφυο υἱά γι ἰπιδαπιΐη ᾿δοδηϊία, 416 [ᾶπι Δῃπί68 ἰηξτθϑϑι5 ρθη! οἱ ὀχδοιῖι5 ἰη8ρο- χοιαΐί, υπὰδ 80.111} ρΓΟΒρΡαχὶδ86 οοηίθηίιβ, 86 πἰδ}} ἃ ΡΥΓΪΟΓΘ βίαια ἱπιπιυϊαία σοηδρίοδίυβ, 8}}}}} 60- βίθγῃαίιϑ οἱ δ γα 5 ἰά αυοὰ δεείἀογδὲ : δο φίογὶ- βοδπ5 δυη αυΐ ἰν"ς ἰΐὰ ογΓὰϊ πα586ὶ οἱ δἀπιηϊηϊβϑεγαββοῖ. Ας Ματία Μδρύδίομα γυγϑυὺβ, συειηδαπιούιπι ὑπ οὐπὶ 8, 48. αὐτὴ δοδηηὰ ογδμΐ, τ] ΠἸΘγ υυ8 ρΡΟΓ- ἰΔηΈ 018 αυϑ ἀπ16 ϑαρθαίυμη ργραγανογαμῖ, υη- ξυδηϊὰ δίᾳι: ἀγοπιᾶῖα, ῃγοίυπάο ἀϊ!που!ο ῥγοίβοιδ δγδί : [1 οὔτ ϑ8]0πὶ6 ψιοιδ πη] θγα ρογαργίηδ, αυῷ ρυϑῖογ ποιηϊπαίας [σοί ἰᾶγὰθ, δπιογδὶ (δθθη ΔΓΟπηδίδ, 564 ροϑὲ 5. Δ᾽ θδίιπι, ΘΔ ἀ6 πὰ πιοηίς ἱπιρίψζγα οὐτουϑῖ, δδϑυπιρίδ δθουηὶ οἰΐδπι Ματγία 786 0], ἰία υἱ οἰἴδη ἰπ ΘΟΘΙρΡ(ΙΟἢ6 ΔΓΟΙΙΔΙ ΠῚ 5οοἷδ {586 γἱὶ- ἀοσαπιυτι αὐπὶ δηΐτη βοοίῳ 6556ηῖὶ ἐπ πογῖ5, ἰοἴδπ| Γαπὶ βοϑίδιῃ οοπη6 δἰ ἀϊιπὶ 6886 αχἰ βϑι πη υδηὶ : Εὲ υαίάὁ πιαπθ ἀπα δαθϑαίοτιπι υοπὶμπὶ αὐ πιοπμηιθη- {μι ᾿ς, Ρταΐογοα ἴῃ δχδοιίουὶ θυ ἂὸ ρἰβηϊογί νυ δχϑιρίδγιθιι5 σοητποίυΓ ἰ, φιιοά δἰ πὶ Πσϑῖμ, ρΓθ- τεῦ 78πι [Δο(25 υἱβ (λιἰοπθ5 οἰΐδιῃ ἤσπο πι) δγιπ δὰ τπιοηυπθηίθ σθη ρ᾽55886 δοροδβαπ).. φυϊά δυίαπι λίαν πρωΐ, ἰά εδὶ, ναίά6 πιαπθ, ᾿ἷς Θχμοδη8 Μῶγ- Ευ8, Δ], οτγίο δοίε. Εἰ ἀϊοοϑαπί, ἰπαυὶϊξ, αὐ ἐπυῖ- εν : Ομἰς τευοίυοί ποὐΐα ἰαρίάσηῃ αὖ οβιἷο πιοπι- "θη εἰ δία δ οὐμίὶς υἱάθης ἰαρίάοπι ταυοϊμίμηι, Εταὶ ἐπῖηι πιάση υαἰ46. Οὐ πὶ οηΐπι 54] οαγ μου Ὁ ἀυρίλτεῖ, εὐ αυδ οτμπἶπο δά βορυ!οῦυπ ποῖ Δ0665- 5ἰ8ε6ί, δίᾳυς ᾿ς δὰ οοπλ 85 81.118 ἀΐοογοῖ, ᾿Πἰ26 (4- οΘμἴ65, Ῥγου!ϊ βυρογί5 ἀΐοίιπη ὁδί, οὐπὶ δβιιβίι}}8.- Β6ηξ οὁου}]085, ἀβρθοῖ 'ρ80 Γαβροηβυδι ἀδάογυηϊ: εἰδηΐη) ἰαρ 8 Του υΐ8 ἴῃ σοηδρθοῖίι ϑρραγο δῖ. Ουοπίδιῃ δυΐαπὶ ὑηὰ ἰθδηΐ, οἱ σοπηηλι}}6 οἷβ ἰδ Γ δγαΐ, ἰάσί ΓοΟ ἰβίθν 56 ὀϊχίβϑα 80 ἀμ 8558 βογὶ ρίυπι 6581, 5] χογὰπι ἡδίυγαπη ἃίι 6 ἰἰδίοτ 8 ναρ δίθμι ςοηβίθογοπιιβ, 86 ἀἰβοούπαπιιβ, 60}}}8 ΘΑΓῸ πὶ ργο- Ρεΐυπι (ἀογὶς ἀυθίϊατο. Ναὴ 6ὰ8, αυδὲ [πὶ 56 ρ6 Ἰαρί δεν γόνοι υἱυτ νἱ 155δθπί, ἀ6 ᾿οο 50]}101{88 6886, ΡΓΟΒΑθ]6 ποη ογαὶ, 56α φυοηΐαπι ἱπίοῦ ἰι8 τη}}6- θι 5. ΟΒΕΘΟΒΗΙ ΝΥ̓́ΒΒΕΝΙ οὐ τοδ, ἀ6 αυΐθι5 651 δρυιὰ Μδγοιιπ), ρδγβοῦα ϑἈ]υπῈ ἃ ἡμῖν τὸν 1ίθον, τῶν Ἰουδαίων σφραγισάντων τὴν ἴξηδγα ᾿πἴδγίιγ, Δ θαι6 σΟΠ ΓοΟνογβῖδ, Ογαίῖο ὍΓΟΙἃ- 0118 ἂς γγί ϑ'μ}}}}5 οδί. Νδπιὶ πες 1|148 ΟΠ ΒΘ ἢ Δ ΠΟ 68. ἀϊχίβ56, ()κίς γϑυοίυοί ποὐϊδ ἰαρίάθηι, ργορίεγοᾶ 4οά δυάεὶ οὐδ φπαββθηὶ δάἀϊίαιη βορυ!ογὶ, δι} θ 18 ουδιοάϊα πιἰ ται, εἴ ἰογ(1.5 ἀἰ65 ᾿πδίατγοι, Ὠἰχογδηὶ δηΐτ βδοοΐογαι! ἢ} δὰ Ῥιδίυμ : Πεοοτάαιὸ διιμιιδ, φιοά ἱηιροδίον {{{6 ἀϊπτὶ!, ομπὶ ααΐιις υἱϑοτοῖ : Ροοί {τὲς ἀϊες τέξιτσαπι ᾽'. δὶ τυ 6 ΓῸ5. ἰφί 0 δοϊοθδπὶ πιΐγα- ουϊυπι, αιοά γὸῦ δηροίαπὶ [Δοίιπὶ εταὶ, οἱ αποά ἰΔρ᾽8 Τοιηοίυ8 οββοί, αἱ ουϑίοἀο5 Ἔχραγνοίδοιὶ Πη0Γ- ἰυΐδαι βἰ πηι ]6 9 [Δ6ιἰ γδορβϑίβϑαηί, συοιηοήο 50}|01188 εἰ δηχίβ ἀ6 τγενοϊυἱΐοης ἰΔρίἀΐ8 ογϑηὶ 3 51. ϑιι6Π) Βιἰγδουϊυπὶ ἱξηογάθαῃι, οὐβιοάΐαπ) τα ΠἸὰπὶ οοη5]- ἀδγᾶγα 86. ποὺ (6 δρϑυΐοι 0 πιοπυπιοηΐο οΟξίιαΓα οροτγίεθαι. αγυη), υἱ αἰχὶ, ϑα] οι οἱ οο ἱξηοτγα- μναῖ, οἱ ᾿ρβίαβ 50}}ι18 δὰ νϑγυα δγδηῖ. Νὰπι Μαγία Μαράα!επλ δί4ι δἰιεγα Μαγί οὔτ βϑάϊββθηὶ 6 γὰ - Εἴοπο βερυϊεγί, χυοριηδ μπμοάυπι πιδπιογίϑ ργοάϊε Μαιι αι ᾿5, πιάρπόυδ βίυι 9 ἀἴφυδ ἰηάιι δι γα δδ58]- ἀδηιοβ ἰά ορίδβεπί, τὰπὶ δἰδοδουϊα ᾿πἀφοόγαπι, (ὰπὶ Δγιηδίογιπ ουϑίοὐ ἷδπὶ Οὐὐ 8 51:18 Θοπϑροχογδηΐ, Ἰηργεβθὰ δυίδαι ϑδϊοπιδ οὐπὶ υἱγάσια Μαγία, νυἱὰθ- Ταηΐ ᾿υνθηθπι βαἀθηίοπ) ἃ ἀοχιτίβ, διηἰοίιπὶ 8.018 ζαπαϊάα, οἱ ὀχραϑδγαηι οὔ η 68 "ἢ: "0 αυΐάδη), αυοὰ βὰο ἱπάϊφογαοι, ἃς πηλϑαὶβ ΠιΠ 80 ΠΙΟΓΟ οἤδοῖδ 6586: 115 νϑγοὸ φυοὰ βϑρίυβ8 δὴ πιομπιδηί πὶ γθῃ ββ6ηϊ, Ουγυδοηαυθ δἃ6 βυργᾶ 4υ8Π) Πδροβ886 Δία 6 ΟρΙ18 6880ῖ, ἀοίποορβ δχρίογανα δίψῃ ἰηνθδίϊ γα γοβαγ- τοοιοηοπὶ νἱάἀογθηῖυγ. Ἰασόβοῖτ ἴθ ργί πηὰπὶ ϑΘαθθαίογιιαν, υἱ ΜΑΙ Πουβ. 5 εἴσοδον τοῦ τάφου, χαὶ τὴν τῶν στρατιωτῶν παρα- χατασττσάντων φρουρὰν, χαὶ τῆς τρέτης ἡμέρας ἐν- επτώσης. Πρὸς γὰρ τὸν Πιλάτον εἶπον οἱ μιαροΐ" Ἐμγήσθημεν ὅτι ὃ πλάγος ἐχεῖγος εἶπεν ἔτι ζῶν - Μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἐγείρομαι. ἘΠ μὲν οὖν ἤδεισαν αἱ γυναῖχες τὸ διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου γενόμενον θαῦμα, τὴν τε ἀποχίνησιν τοῦ λίθου, χαὶ τὴν τῶν φυλάχων ἐχ τοῦ φόδου νέχρωσίν τε χαὶ ἀναχώρησιν, πῶς διηπόρουν περὶ τοῦ ἀποχυλισθῆναι τὸν λέθον ; ΕἸ δὲ ἠγνόουν τὸ θαῦμα, τὴν στρατιωτιχὴν φρουρὰν ἐννοεῖν ἔδει, καὶ τὴν ἄνοιξιν τοῦ μνήματος μὴ φαντά- ζεσθαι. ᾿Αλλ᾽, ὡς ἔφην, ἡ Σαλώμη χαὶ τοῦτο ἡγνόει, καὶ αὐτῆς μόνης τὰ ῥήματα ἦν. Μαρία γὰρ ἡ Μα- γδαληνὴ καὶ ἡ ἄλλη Μαρία, καθεσθεῖσαι τοῦ μνήμα- τος ἐξ ἐναντίας, ὡς ὁ Ματθαῖος ἱστόρησε, χαὶ φιλο- πόνως προσεδρεύσασαι, χαὶ τὰς σφραγῖδας τῶν Ἰου- δαίων, καὶ τὴν τῶν ὁπλιτῶν φυλαχὴν ὄψει παρέλαθον. Εἰσελθοῦσα δὲ ἣ Σαλώμη σὺν ταῖς Μαρίαις ἀμφοῖν, νεανίσχον εἶδον χαθήμενον ἐν τοῖς δεξιοῖς, περιδε- δλημένον στολὴν λευχὴν, καὶ ἐπτοήθησαν ἅπασαι " ἡ μὲν,ὡς ἐνδεῶς ἔχουσα πίστεως καὶ ἀνθρωπινώτερον διαχειμένη " αἱ δὲ, ὡς ἐπιχωριάξζουσαι συχνῶς τῷ μνήματι, καὶ πολυπραγμονεῖν δοχοῦσαι λοιπὸν πέρα τοῦ δέοντος τὴν ἀνάστασιν. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο χαὶ νεανί- σχος ὥφθη καταπλῆξαι τῷ μεγέθει χαὶ φόδον ἐμποιῆ- σαι δυνάμενος, καὶ μιγνὺς τῷ φοδερῷ τὸ φαιδρὸν, διὰ ποῦ λευχοῦ τῆς στολῆς, καὶ ὡς ἐν ἑορτῇ, καὶ ἵνα μὴ παγῶσι τῷ δέει, σφοδρότερον αὐταῖς διαλέγετα:, παιδεύων αὐτὰς δι’ ὧν ἔλεγε μετὰ τοσαύτας θέας μὴ περιέργως διαχεῖσθαι, βεδαίως δὲ μᾶλλον ἐφ᾽ οἷς εἶδον ἑστάναι. Ὑπάγετε γὰρ, φησὶν, εἴπατε τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ τῷ Πέτρῳ (τοῖς μὲν μαθηταῖς, ὡς πολλάκις ἠπιστηχόσι " τῷ δὲ Πέτρῳ. ὡς μετὰ τῆς αὐτῆς ὑμῖν πολυπραγμοσύνης δεύτερον ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα ἐλθόντι), ὅτι προάγει ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν [᾿αλιλαίαν, ἐκεῖ αὐδὸν ὄψεσθε, καθὼς εἶπεν ὑμῖν" ὑμῖν ταῖς γυναιξὶν, ᾽᾿οψὲ Σαδδάτων, τῇ ἐπιφωσχούτῃ εἰς μίαν Σαδθάτων ἐπιφανεὶς, ὡς ὁ Ματθαῖος συνέγραψεν. Τοῖς γὰρ μαθηταῖς οὐδέποτε φαίνεται φήσας, ὡς μετὰ τὴν ἕγερσιν αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ φανήσεται" εἰ κλῆτι γε ἐχεῖνο ἐρεῖ τις, ὅπερ ὁ Ματθαῖος, χαὶ Μάρχος ἔγραψε, μετὰ τὸ δεῖπνον τὸ μυστιχὸν ἐξελ- θόντων αὐτῶν εἰς τὸ ὄρος τῶν Ἐλαιῶν μετὰ τὸ ὑμνῆ- ἐοηβογί ρβἰι. Ὀίβοῖρυ}}8 δηΐπν πυῃααδπιὶ ἃρραγαῖ ουΠΊ ἢ, σαι, ὑπὸ τοῦ Σωτῆρος εἰρημένον ὧδέ πως " Μετὰ δὲ αἰχίθθα, φυοά ροβί γδϑυνγθοιοηθπὶ ᾿ρ815 ἴῃ (Δ|1|58ἃ τὸ ἐγερθῆγαί με,ιπροάξω ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Γαλιμζλαίαν. Δρρατίζιγ5 6556., πἰδὶ ([Ὁγί6 4ιἷ5 Πυἀ ἀϊχογὶι, ψιοὰ εἰ Μαιίῃυβ, εἰ Μδγοὺβ βογίρβογυμι ρμοδὶ σηδηὶ τ δι᾽ οδτη ἐχθυηι 5 ᾿ρ518 ἀἸοίο ἤγιημο ἴῃ πιοπίαπι ΟἸἰ νᾶγιπι, ἃ} ϑογναίογα βίο απησάδπιπιοάο ἀἰσίαπι, Ῥοείγμαηι αμι6ηὶ τοδιΤτόχοτυ, ργαεξάαηι νος ἐπ ( αἰϊίααηι "5. Ἐφνοβδ88 διιῖθη ὁ τη Πππιοπῖο Μαγίς οἱ βαίομηθ, ᾿ΓΟΠΊΟΓΘ δίηι! ἰθγγοῦθ ΘΟΥΓΟρί ργο[ιρί "δ, 86 ποηρίηὶ αυϊάᾳυδπι ἀΐσεθιηῖ : εἰπιόδαπὲ ἐπῖπι, ραγιπὶ ἀυΐδ πὶ Ὀγορί6Γ ἰδγγόγθηὶ 80] βοοη 18, ραγι μη νοὶ αυοἀ 78πι| ἀΐδ5 ργοξγθββι8 οββοῖ, εἰ διιάαὶ (1 68. νογί 8116} δυγβυπι ἀδογβιιοι Θθλιη θυ] απ ε8. δι ο- ἄἀδπὶ ρᾶγαι! δϑϑεη!. ἴῃ βχθηρί δεῖ θ8 ράπ]ο Αἰ Πσοιι- 3. ΜΔΠ|). χαυι, 6. 55 ΜΔ ἢ). χχν, 1 54η. 1. ΜΆ]. χχνι, 5) ΜΆΓγο, χιν, 4. Ἐξελθοῦσαι δὲ ἐχ τοῦ μνήματος αἱ Μαρίαι χαὶ ἡ Σαλώμη, τρόμῳ καὶ ἐχπλήξει συνεχόμεναι, φυγάδες ἐγένοντο, καὶ οὐδενὶ οὐδὲν διπον " Ἐφοθδοῦντο γὴρ, τοῦτο μὲν διὰ τὸ φοδερὸν τοῦ νεανίσχου, τοῦτο δὲ διὰ τὸ τὴν ἡμέραν ἤδη προελθεῖν, χαὶ τοὺς Ἰουδαίους, ὡς εἰχὸς, φονῶντας ἄνω καὶ κάτω περινοστεῖν. Ἐν μὲν τοῖς ἀχριδεστέροις ἀντιγράφοις τὸ μετὰ Μάρχον 35 ΜΔ.{Π. χχυτι. ἢ. " Μάγος. χνι, ὅ. 35 ἰυ]ά. 7. οἰδ ΙΝ ΟΠΒΊΘΤΙ ΔΕΒΟΒΛΕΘΟΤΊΟΝΕΜΝ ΟΒΆΤ.ΊΙ. θε Εὐαγγέλιον μέχρι τοῦ, ᾿Εφοδοῦντο γὰρ, ἔχει τὸ αὶ τἴι8. οἱ δχδοιϊυβ 580 γ]ρι 15. Εἰνδηροϊϊυ δοουπάσε τέλος. Ἐν δέ τισι πρόσχειται καὶ ταῦτα " ᾿Αγαστὰς δὲ πρωϊ πρώτῃ Σαδδάτων ἐξάνη πρῶτον Μαρίᾳ τῇ Μαγδαληνῇ, ἀφ᾽ ἧς ἐκδεδλήχει ἑπτὰ δαιμόνια. Τοῦτο δὲ ἐναντίωσίν τινα δοχεῖ ἔχειν πρὸς τὰ ἔμ- πρόσθεν ἡμῖν εἰρημένα. Τῆς γὰρ ὥρας τῆς νυχτὸς ἀγνώστου τυγχανούσης, καθ᾽ ἣν ὁ Σωτὴρ ἀνέστη, πῶς ἐνταῦθα ἀναστῆναι πρωΐ γέγραπται ; ᾿Αλλ᾽ οὐδὲ ἐν- αντίον φανήσεται τὸ ῥητὸν, εἰ μετ᾽ ἐπιστήμης ἄνα- γνωσόμεθα. Καὶ γὰρ ὑποστίξαι χρὴ συνετῶς, ἀναστὰς δὲ, χαὶ οὕτως ἐπαγαγεῖν, Πρωϊ Σαδδάτου ἐφάγη πρῶτον Μαρίᾳ τῇ Μαγδαληνῇ ἵνα τὸ μὲν ᾿Αγαστὰς, ἔχῃ τὴν ἀναφορὰν συμφώνως τῷ Ματθαίῳ πρὸς τὸν προλαθόντα καιρόν " τὸ δὲ, Πρωϊ, πρὸς τὴν τῇ Μαρίᾳ γενομένην ἐπιφάνειαν ἀποδοθείη, πρώτῃ σὺν τῇ ἄλλῃ Μαρίᾳ, καὶ πάλιν μόνη θεασαμένη τὸν Κύριον " Β πρωῖ γάρ ἐστιν ἅπαν τὸ διάστημα, τὸ μετὰ τὴν τῶν ἀλεχτρυόνων βοὴν. Τεσσάρων τοίνυν ὄντων χαιρῶν, χἀὶ τοσούτων ἀφίξεων, καθ᾽ ἃς αἱ γυναῖχες ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα ἦλθον, ἕχαστον εὐαγγελιστὴν ἕνα καιρὸν ᾧχονόμησε γράψαι τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον. Καὶ ὁ μὲν Ματθαῖος, τὰς ὀψὲ Σαδδάτων παραγενομένας ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα ἱστόρησε, καὶ ἄγγελον ἕνα καταδεθηχότα ἐξ οὐρανοῦ χαὶ τὸν λίθον ἀποχυλίσαντα " ὁ δὲ Ἰωάννης, Μαρίαν τὴν Μαγδαληνὴν ἐληλυθέναι μόνην ἐν τῷ σχότει πρὸ τῆς ἕω συγγέγραφε, καὶ δύο ἀγγέλους ἔνδον τοῦ τάφου θεάσασθαι " Λουχᾶς δὲ, ἄλλας κατὰ ταὐτὸν τὸν, ὄρθρον" Μάρχος δὲ, ἑτέραν ἀνίσχοντος ἡλίου, συναναμεμιγμένων τινῶν καὶ τῶν ἤδη παρα- γενομένων. Καὶ ταῖς μὲν δύο ἄνδρας ἐπιστάντας αὖ- ταῖς" ταῖς δὲ καθήμενον ἐν τοῖς δεξιοῖς νεανίσχον ἰδεῖν " στολαῖς δὲ ἅπαντας ἠμφιεσμένους λευχαῖς. “Ὥστε δύνασθαί τινα κατὰ τὴν τῶν χα!ρῶν τάξιν τὰ παρ' ἑκάστου γεγραμμένα συνθέντα, μίαν ἁρμονίαν χαὶ ἕν σῶμα πάσης τῆς ἱστορίας ἐργάσασθαι " χαθά- περ ἑνὸς τὸ πᾶν γεγραφότος καὶ οὐ πολλῶν. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ μιᾶς ἀφίξεως; τῶν γυναιχῶν ἐν ἑνὶ καιρῷ γενομένης οἱ τέσσαρες ἐμνημόνευσαν, καὶ οὐ τοὺς αὑτοὺς εἶπον ἀγγέλους ἐπιφανῆναι, ἣ μίαν χαὶ τὴν αὐτὶνν ἐπιφάνειαν, ἤγουν ὀπτασίαν, ἅπαντες εἰπόντες, «ταύτην ἔφασαν ἐν διαφόροις γεγενῆσθαι καιροῖς, οὐχ ἑνὸς μνημονεύσαντες ἕχαστος χρόνου, διαφωνίας εἶχε μέμψιν ὁ λόγος. Εἰ δὲ καὶ οἱ καιροὶ διάφοροι χαὶ τὰ πρόσωπα, καὶ αἱ τῶν ἐπιφανέντων ὄψεις οὐχ αἱ αὐὖ- καὶ (τοῦ Θεοῦ βουληθέντος διὰ πολλῶν τρόπων πι- ἢ στώσασθαι τὸ ἄπιστον θαῦμα τῆς ἀναστάσεως ) χαὶ τὸ τῷ ἄλλῳ μὴ λεχθὲν ἕτερος ἱστόρησεν εὐαγγελιστής ᾿ πῶς οὐκ ἔστιν ἡ διήγησις ὅλη χαθαρὰ καὶ ἐλευθέρα πάσης λαθδῆς; Ματγούὴ Ἰιδοίοηυϑ, Τίηιοϑαηϊ ὁπῖηι, ἄποαι Ὠαθοΐ. ἐπ ΠΟΠΏ0Π15 δα]οείδ ϑυηϊ οἰἴδηὶ ἰϑ6, μπι διγγοαὶδεεὶ αμίθηι πιά Ῥτίπιο ἀΐ δαθϑαίοταπι ἀρρατιὶς Ἀτίπιμηι ΔΙανία Μαράαίοεπο, ὁᾳ φια ο)εοεταὶ δορίοηι ἀαπιοπῖα. Πος διΐοπι σοι γαγίυπι αυϊ δι 118, 4υ ἃ πο ῖ8 ΒΌΡΓΔ ἀἰοία βιιηΐ, οομῃίϊπογα υἱάδίιγ. Οὐπὶ δηΐπ ᾿ογᾶ ὨοοἾ8, αι δογυδίουῦ δυγγοχὶΐ, ἱᾳποῖα ἰϊ, ᾳυὶ ἅτ, ὧἱ ἴῃ οο 060, πιαπ6 δὶ τοβυγγοχίβδα, ϑὁογί- Ρίυπι 511} ϑοὰ ἰνος ἀϊοία πὶ ἢ0}}0 πιοάο οομ Γατίυιη Δρραγο ὶὶ, δὶ δρῖθ δίφιιθ βείθῃιεγ ἰορογίπηυβ. Εἰ- Θπΐαι δυθηοίαγα οἱ βυ θἀϊδιϊζυσνα ἀοοι6 ἀίφυς ἰη- 16} ΠἸς πίον οροτίει. Οὐπὶ ϑυγΓαχίβδοῖ δυΐομῃ : δίηιι8 14 δι θ᾽] υπρογα ΘΟμη Βα θη Γ, πιαηθ ρῥτίπιο αἷς 8α"- ϑαιὶ ἀρρατεῖ! ρτῖπιιπι Ματὶα Ἡασααίόπο : οἱ νετθιμῃ αυϊάδπι ἀναστάς, ἰά ε5ῖ, ομπὶ διγτοαὶδδοί, σοηγο- πἰοπίοπι οὑπὶ Μαιμ:50 δὰ βιρογῖ5 ἰθηιριδ τοι 0- ΘΠ μαθααὶ : γογθυπιὶ ΥὰγΓῸ, πρωΐ, ἰὰ δ5ῖ, πιαπέ, οἱ φυα Μαγίᾳ ἰδοῖδ οδί, δρραγί(ἰοηὶ διιυἱϑυδίυγ : αὐ88 ΡΓΪηὰ οὐ) ἃἰίοετα Ματγία, ὠΐηυο ἰἰαγαη 8018 νἱάογαι θοπιηυαι : πρωΐ οηΐπι, ἰὰ 6δί, πιαπθ, υεῖ αϊιοιίο, ἀπὶ νογβϑιη {Π πὰ δραίίαπ) δὶ, ᾳιοά ροδὲ ξϑ)]ογὰπι οἀπιαπὶ ἱπιεγοθάϊι, ἀὐπὶ ἰφίιν φυδίοίηξ ἰοπρογιιηὶ δἰ νἱοθθ, ἰοι ἀθπια6 δοραβ505, υΐθι.8 μα 6 Γ68 δά πιοπιμθηίαπι νοπογυηΐ, ϑρΙΓΙ5 581}- οἰυδβ τοι ἰτὰ ἀἰδροηϑαν δίφυς οταϊηανί!, υἱ δἰσυ! Θνδηβο 5.85 βίη ψι!08 ἰΘῃρογιιπὶ ἀτιϊσυ]ο58 σΟηβοΓὶ- μβεγοηῖ. 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ΝΟ δηΐμι εἶχα, ἰὴ Ο4}}1554 ἀυπίαχαι πὸ νἱἀδθυηὶ, ἢ6- 406 νδῦς φΦΕΓΟΒΟΙγη:}8 8018, Π0Ι. Δρρᾶγυϊί ἰη 68} Π|86ἃ δι διεΐ ργοπιϊβαγαί ( 06 Θηΐ) 6586. 81:05 56 ΓΙ Π0 68 ἴλϊβοβ γεάάεγα πιοπιϊθη 49), 564 5ἱ οἱ ἴῃ δεγυβδι ἐπὶ δι ἤολη. τιχ, 25. 26 5... “7 1ολη. χχ, 9] 544. 33.125 ΜΔ}. χυ!, 19; μὰς. ἢ, 8. ὅ᾽ Μαγς, ΥἹ, ὅ. Εἰἱστήκεισαν δὲ παρὰ τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ ᾿Ιησοῦ, ἡ μήτηρ αὑτοῦ, καὶ ἡ ἀδε:ὴ τῆς μητρὸς αὐχοῦ, Μαρία ἡ τοῦ Κλεόφα καὶ Μαρία ἡ Μαγδα.ζηγή. Μαριὰμ γὰρ τὴν Ἰαχώθου, καὶ Ἰωσῇ μητέρα παρὰ «οἷς ἄλλοις εὐαγγελισταῖς ὠνομασμένην, τὴν Θεοτό- χὸν εἶναι, χαὶ οὐχ ἄλλην, πεπιστεύχαμεν. Καθάπερ γὰρ διὰ τὴν οἰχονομίαν χαὶ τῷ ἐπισχιασθήναι τὸν θεῖον τόχον, χαὶ μὴ φανερωθῆναι τοῖς μιαιφόνοις Ἰουδαΐοις παρ' αὐτὸ τὸ μέλλειν ἐπὶ τὴν παστάδα ἄγεσθαι τὴν Παρθένον ἐχ Πνεύματος ἀγίου συλλαδεῖν ἀναγέγραπται: ὡς ἄνδρα ταύτης χρηματίσαι τὸν Ἰωσὴφ, καὶ πατέρα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ - τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον τοῦ Ἰωσῆ χαὶ τοῦ Ἰαχώθου παίδων ὄντων τοῦ τέχτο- νος Ἰωσὴφ, παιδιχὴν ἀγόντων τὴν ἡλικίαν ἐκ προ- Β ηγησαμένων γάμων χαὶ προτετελευτηχνίας γυναιχὸς, μήτηρ ἡ Θεοτόχος προσηγορεύετό τε χαὶ ὠνομάζετο. Ταῦτά τοι χαὶ βλασφημοῦντες χατὰ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἔλεγον οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι - Οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ τέχτο- γος υἱός; οὐχ ἡ μήτηρ αὑτοῦ «1έγεται Μαρία, καὶ οἱ ἀδε.λ:»οὶ αὑτοῦ, ᾿Ιάκωδος,καὶ Ἰωσὴ, καὶ Σίμων, καὶ Ἰούδας ; Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ὁ μὲν Ἰωάννης, χαὶ παρὰ τῷ σταυρῷ ἑστῶσαν, οἷα δὴ μετὰ παῤῥησίας θεολογῶν, ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας αὐτῆς μητέρα τοῦ Ἰχσοῦ προσηγόρευσεν " οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ τῶν εὐαγγελιστῶν τὰ πολλὰ περὶ τὴν οἰχονομίαν ἀσχοληθέντες, οἰχονομικῶς αὐτὴν μητέρα Ἰαχώδου χαὶ Ἰωσῆ προσηγόρευσαν (οὗτοι γὰρ ἦσαν οἱ πρῶτοι καὶ ἐπίσημοι παῖδες τοῦ Ἰωσήφ) τοῦτο δηλοῦντος τοῦ λόγου σαφῶς, ὅτι μετὰ ταύτης τῆς οἰχονομίας, καὶ τῆς ἐντεῦθεν ὑπονοίας, ἀχινδύνως ἡ Μαρία τῷ σωτηρίῳ πάθει παρῆν. Εἰ γὰρ παρθένος ὑπεγινώσχετο τοῖς πολλοῖς, ὑπὸ τῶν βα- σχάνων Ἰουδαίων ἀπώλετο ἄν. Ἔστι δὲ αὐτὴν παρὰ τοῖς εὐαγγελισταῖς καὶ τοῦ ἑνὸς μόνον τῶν παίδων τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ ὠνομασμένην εὑρεῖν Μαρίαν τὴν Ἰαχώ- θον, καὶ Μαρίαν τὴν Ἰωσῆ. Θ δὲ Μάρχος, Ἰαχώδου τοῦ μιχροῦ χαὶ Ἰωσῇ μητέρα αὐτὴν εἶπεν, ἐπείπερ ἦν ἄλλος Ἰάχωδος ὁ τοῦ ᾿Αλφαίου, διὰ τοῦτο μέγας, ὅτι τοῖς ἀποστόλοις τοῖς δώδεχα συνηρίθμητο. Ὁ γὰρ μικρὸς οὐκ ἣν αὐτοῖς ἐναρίθμιος. Ἐχεῖνο δὲ ἄν τις εἰχότως ἐπαπορήσειεν, πῶς ὁ Σωτὴρ ὑποσχόμενος τοῖς μαθηταῖς, τοῦτο μὲν χαὶ διὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων, τοῦτο δὲ χαὶ διὰ τῆς οἰχείας φωνῆς, ὅτι εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν ἀφιχόμενος ὀφθήσεται, ἐφάνη Ὁ τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν χαὶ ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ πληρῶν. Κατὰ μὲν τὸν Λουχᾶν ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῆς ἀναστάσεως συνηθροισμένοις τοῖς ἕνδεχα " χατὰ δὲ τὸν Ἰωάννην, χαὶ ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ ἐν τῇ ὀγδόῃ ἡμέρᾳ ποιεῖται τὴν ἐπι- φάνειαν, στὰς ἐν μέσῳ, καὶ λέγων, Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν, χαὶ τῷ Θωμᾷ ψηλαφᾷν ἐνδιδοὺς ἑαυτόν. ᾿Αλλὰ τοῦτο φιλ- ανθρώπου φιλοτιμίας πλοῦτον παρίστησιν, οὐ ψεύ- δους ἔχει χατηγορίαν. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἐν τῇ Γαλι- λαίᾳ με ὄψονται μόνον, οὔτε μὴν ἐν ᾿Ιερουσαλὴμ φα- νεὶς, οὐχ ὥφθη χατὰ τὴν Γαλιλαίαν ὡς ἐπηγγείλατο ( τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν τὸ τοὺς οἰχείους ψεύσασθαι λόγους ]" εἰ δὲ χαὶ ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἀποχεχλεισμένοις ἐν ξωμαᾶ- 85 ΜΔ. χχυι, 1. ὅδ [κυς, ΧΣΙΥ, 09 ΙΝ ΟΠ ΙΒΤΙῚ ΒΕΒΌΟΚΒΕΟΘΤΙΟΝΕΜ ΟἈΆΛΤ. Π. 089 τίῳ διὰ τὸν φόθον τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐπεφάνη δεομένοις Α ῬΓΟΡ(ΟΓ πιδίμ δα ιθογαπὶ ΘΟΠΟΙ 518. ἧπ ἀοπιὶο 110 «ἧς αὐτοῦ παρουσίας, χαὶ τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν ἐπλήρω- σεν ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ φανεὶς, ἐχφυγεῖν ἔστι πᾶσαν χατ- ηγορίαν, ἀμφότερα γινόμενα φιλανθρώπως ἅμα καὶ ἀληθῶς. Ἐμοὶ δὲ δοχεῖ πολλὴν ἔμφασιν ἔχειν τὸ εἰ- ρημένον παρὰ τῷ Ματθαίῳ περὶ τῶν μαθητῶν, τὸ, Ἵνα ἀπέλθωσιν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, κἀκεῖ με ὄψον- ται. Πολλῶν γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἔσεσθαι ἐπιφανειῶν, πρὸς υἱαν ὡς ἐξαίρετον παρὰ τὰς ἄλλας ἀπούλέπει τὰ τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, καθ᾽ ἣν ἔμελλεν αὐτοῖς ἐπὶ τοῦ ὄρους φανήσεσθαι. Τότε γὰρ προσεληλυθόσιν αὐτῷ καὶ προσ- χεχυνηχόσι, τινῶν ἀμφιδαλλόντων, μετ᾽ ἐξουσίας "ἔφη θεοποεποῦς, ᾿Εδόθη μοι πᾶσα ἐξουσία ἐν οὐ- ραγνῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς. “Ἃ γὰρ εἶχε φυσικῶς ὡς θεὸς, ταῦτα λέγεται λαμδάνειν ὡς γενόμενος ἄνθρωπος οἰχονομιχῶς. Διὸ χαὶ ἔλεγε" Δόξασόν μὲ σὺ, Πάτερ, παρὰ σεαυτῷ τῇ δόξῃ, ἢ εἶχον πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κό- σμον εἶναι παρὰ σοί. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ εἶχεν αὐτὴν ἰδίαν ὡς Θεὸς, τῶν ἀδυνάτων ἦν αὐτὸν ταύτην, ὡς ἀλλο- τρίαν λαθεῖν, τοῦ Θεοῦ χαὶ Πατρὸς διὰ τοῦ Προφῆτου λέγοντος, Τὴν δόξαν μου ἑτέρῳ οὐ δώσω. Καὶ ἐπι- φέρει λοιπὸν τὰ ῥήματα, δι᾽ ὧν ἔμελλον τὴν οἰκουμέ- νη» ὅλην σαγηνεύειν, καὶ ἐν οἷς ἐστιν ἅπαν τὸ τῆς εὐσεθείας μυστήριον. Πορευθέντες γὰρ, φησὶ, μα- θητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθγη, βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς, καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος, διδάσκοντες αὑτοὺς τηρεῖν πάντα ὅσα ἐνετειάμην ὑμῖν. Καὶ προστίθησι λοιπὸν τὰ «ὃ τέλος τῶν ῥημάτων τούτων χαὶ τὴν ἔχθασιν ἐγ- γνώμενα" Καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ μεθ' ὑμῶν εἶμι πάσας τὰς δἀγρηίυηι6 6ἱ ριϑβθηι ἃ δ Ορυ8 ᾿ΔΌΘΩθυ8. ὁρ- Ῥᾶγυΐϊ!, οἱ ργοπΐβδυιπ ργϑδίϊ εἶ ἴῃ Δ] ὰ ἀπο Υἶδὰβ, ὐπὸ ἀἰΓΑΖι6 Ὀαπΐβηθ ἰυχῖα ἃ. γϑγα δοοί 6- τίηι, οὔυρετγα ᾿ἰοοί οπηηοη) ογἰ ἰ πϑιϊοι τη. ΜΙ} δυ- ἴ6πὰ πιδζπᾶπι Δ0 ἰλιοηΐοπι υἱάθί ἴῃ 86 ΘΟΠΙΪηΘΓΘ βἰ φηϊποδιϊοποιη, φιοὰὺ ἀρυὰ δα Ποῖ πὶ ἀϊοίυπὶ ο5ὲ ἀς ἀϊδοῖρυ} 5, ποίημα, 71 αϑϑαπὶ ἵπ Θαἰααπι, αἰ ια ἐὐὶ πιὸ υἱάοεῦιπι 38, Οἴπὶ οηΐπὶ τὰ πὶ οβϑοί, υἱ 84:- Ρἶτπι5 οἷ5 Δρρδγεγεῖ, δὲ υπδηὶ ἰδη]υδπὶ ργβοὶρυᾶπι οἵ ργῶίοῦ οϑίογδβ δαί πιΐδπὶ ϑρραγ ἰοποπὶ βρϑοίδηϊ γ θὰ ΡΟ 5δἰοηἶβ, Ἰυχία αυὰπὶ ΔρραΓίΓι18 6Γγαί εἷβ ἴῃ πηοιΐο. Νὴ ἴππο οὐπὶ δοραβϑίβϑοηϊ οἱ δὐο- Ταβϑθηὶ δαπΊ, αυΐθιδι πη) Δηιθἰφοηι 8, οὑπὶ 80- εἰοτί(αῖα ρθη πιδ) θβίδί 8. Ουλοῦγοπι οἰΐδπιὶ αἀἰοοθαῖ : Οἰοτίβεα ηϊε, Ῥαίότ, αριιά (οιπειῖρεμπι σίοτϊα, φιαπι παϑόδαηι απίεγμαπι πιιπάι8 688οὶ ἀρ (6 "5. Νίδὶ οηἶπι Πάη6 ργορτίαδι μαθεγοί, αἱ ου8, ἰ6τὶ ἤθη ροϑδθῖ, υἱ 68π| ἰλῃ- αὐυδηὶ «ἰΐαπαπὶ δοοίρογει, θ60 οἱ ῬαίγΘ ΡῈ Γ ργορ)ι6- ἴλπὶ ἀΐοοηίο : Οἰοτίαπι πιθαηὶ αἰϊοτὶ ποη ἀαῦο ". Ας ἀοϊμπάς δάϊυηρὶ! νογθὰ, φυῖ 5 ἰοίηλ ΟΥ̓ΡΕΠῚ ἰδ ΓΓᾺ - τυ Βαδἰδίαπι οἀρίατγὶ ἐΐ φυδδὶ ἱγγοι τὶ ὀγδηΐ, εἰ ἴῃ αυΐϊθυβ οοηβἰ δἰ υηϊνογευπὶ πιγϑίογιυπὶ ρἰοἰΔι15. Εκπ- 166 οηἶπ), ἰη4υΐ!, ἀοοεία οπιπδς θεπίες, δαρίϊχαπίες ἐος ἐπ ποπιῖπο Ῥαϊτῖς, εἰ ΕΠ, οἱ δρίτὶ 5 ξΣαποιὶ, ἀοςοπιδε ἐο8 εὐτυαΐε οπιπὶα, σμα Ῥγωςερὶ υοὐΐξδ "3. Α΄, ἀρίη- ἡμέρας, ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος. Ἀμήν. Ο φὸρβ δάϊ]!οἶι οα χφυίϊῃαβ. ἤμαπὶ Βογὰπὶ σγθογυπὶ οἱ Διὰ ταῦτα ἔλεγεν“ ᾿Απαγγείιλατε ἑοῖς ἀδιλροῖς μου, ἵνα ἀπέλθωσιν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, χἀκεῖ μὲ ὄψονται. Πρὸς ταύτην τὴν ὄψιν, ὡς ἰδίαν τινὰ καὶ ἐξαίρετον, ὡς ἔφην, ἀποτεινόμενος, ἣν αὐτοῖς μᾶλλον χαὶ δι᾿ ἑτέρων ῥημάτων προεμήνυεν, ἃ τοῖς εὐαγγε- λικοῖς γράμμασιν οὐχ ἐμφέρεται. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ τοῦτο ἦν, οὐκ ἂν εἶπεν ὁ Ματθαῖος " Οἱ δὲ ἕνδεκα μαθηταὶ ἐπορεύθησαν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν εἰς τὸ ὄρος, οὗ ἐτάξατο αὐτοῖς ὁ ᾿Ιησοῦς" οὐδαμοῦ τῶν Εὐαγγελίων ἐπὶ τοῦ ὅρους ὑποσχομένου τοῦ Κυρίου ποιεῖσθαι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν. Ἐπεὶ πρὸ ταύτης τῆ; θέας τῆς ἐν τῷ ὄρει, καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάττης αὐτοῖς τῆς Τιδεριάδος, ἅτις ἐστὶ τῆς Γαλιλαίας, ἐφάνη τὸν ἀριθμὸν οὖσιν ἑπτά Πέτρῳ καὶ Θωμᾷ, καὶ Ναθαναὴλ, καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ζεδεδαίου, καὶ ἄλλοις δύο τῶν μαθητῶν, ὡς Ἰωάννης συνέγραψεν. ᾿Αλλὰ πρὺς τὸ ὄρος ἀπέθλεπεν, Οὗ ἐτάξατο αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, τὸ, Κἀχεῖ με ὄψονται, δηλαδὴ θεοπρεπῶς ἐντελλόμενος, Πορευθέντες μα- Θητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, βαπείζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς εὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος. Καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲ ἀπὸ σχοποῦ μοι δοχεῖ τὸ ἕν τῷ ὄρει τῆς Γαλιλαίας καὶ μὴ ἑτέρωθί που ταῦτα εἰρῆσθαι τὰ ῥήματα. Γαλιλαία γὰρ, ἡ Κατακυλιστὴ τῇ Ἑλλάδι γλώττῃ ἑρμηνεύεται. Διὸ καὶ ᾿Γελγὲλ ὁ τροχὸς ὀνομάζεται. Καθάπερ οὖν ἐξ ὄρους ὑψηλοῦ 38 ΜΔ {||}. χχυηι, 1. 8 101.18. "6 70λη. χνῖ, ὃ. δ᾽ }01ὰ. 16. ᾿ ῬΡατκοι. 6κ, ΧΙΥΙ. Φ δνδηίυι δροηάοῖ. δἰ δ06 660 υοδίδομηι ξιηὶ οπιπὶ- δες ἀἴεδιις ᾿δηι6 αὐ σον δμηιηιαίἑοπεπι δα οεἰϊ. Απιδι. Ργορίοτοα. ἀΐϊοευαὶ : Βεπιηιίαία [ταϊτίϑιις ηνγεὶς κὶ αὐεαπί ἱπ σαί ααπι, αἰφια ἰδὲ πιὸ υἱάοδωμι"5, Αὰ Ιᾶπὸ ϑρραγιοηθηι, ἰδηᾳιδηι ρΓΟργίδπι αυδηγάδιη αἴιθ ργαοίρυδπι, υἱ ἀἰχὶ, Γαβρι οἰθἢ8᾽: 40.8Π| πηὰρὶβ οἰἰδιη αἶβ ΡῈῚ αἰϊὰ υθῦυὰ ργϑάϊχογαι, αυϑ ἰπ ὄνδῃ, ξε! οἶδ βογῖριῖβ Ὥοπ σΟη(παπίυγ. Νἰϑὶ θη ΐπ μὺς "ἃ 6580ῖ, ποη ἀἰχίφβει Μαδιίμευϑ : ὑπάεοϊηι αμίεπι ἀρο- εἰοἰὲ αὐἱοτγινῖ ἐπ σαἰ σαηι, ἐπ πιοπίοηι δὶ εδομείῖ- ἱμόταὶ οἷς δοειιδ δ: οὐπὶ ἠυϑ4υδη) ἰῃ Ενδηρο!!ὶς ΡοΙ Ποἰια8. 5ἰ6 Θουηΐπυβ 'ῃ πιο 86 ἰλοίυγιιπι 6856 δρραγίοπθηι. 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[συγ νοϊαϊ ΕΣ πιοπία οχοοῖςο, ϑαϊνδίογὶβ υἱάθ! οί ογ6 ργοίαι 8 [δα νόγῦᾶ, γοῖίσ ἴῃ τποάϊιπ|, ἰῃ ΟΥ̓ΡΘΠΙ ἰΟΓΓΔΓΌΠΙ ἰατα, δίχην τροχοῦ χατὰ τῆς οἰχουμένης ἐχυλίσθη, χαὶ πᾶσαν ἐπέδραμεν" καὶ ἐδαπτίσθησαν ἅπαντες, καὶ τὰ ἔθνη χαὶ πόλεις, Εἷς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος. πλθ δίυπι ἀσνο! αἱ βιιηῖ, οἱ οπηπο πὶ ΡΟΓΟΌΓΓΟΓΟΠΙ ; δίάτιο ἀηϊνογδὶ θαριϊζαιὶ βιιηῖ, οἱ φοηίε8, οἱ εἰνίϊδιος, ἐπ ποπιῖπο Ῥαϊτὶα, εἰ Εἰ, οἱ ϑρίτί ας εαποιῖ. ἀπίαγυπι ἢ}5 γ γ}}5 δ 18. ἀἰβοῖ ρα! δὰ ἢ} 18Ππὶ ξοηίοπη ϑἰδιῖπι ργοίδει δυηϊ, 56 τηληβογυπὶ δέγυ- 5816Π| ὕϑ6406 δὰ Ῥομισοοβίοπ, οχϑροοίδηξοβ δάγνοῃ- τη οἱ ριφϑθηι πὶ ΘΡΙΓἰι 8 βαποῖ!, αυΐ ἴῃ ἱρῃεὶβ ἐησυΐδ διὰ 605 δεοοϑβίι. Ναξῃ οὐ] [ἃ γαγὶ ἐδ πιοῦϊβ εἷβ δὰ φυδάγαρί πία ἀΐ68. 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Καλῶς δὲ ἄγαν τὸ μὴ χωρίξεσθαι, τοῦτό ἔστι μὴ μαχρὰν ἀφ- ἰστασθαι, μηδὲ πόῤῥω γίνεσθαι, καὶ οὐχ εἶπε μὴ ἐξιέναι τὸ παράπαν τῆς Ἱερουσαλήμ. Πῶς γὸρ ἔμελλε τοῦτο εἰπεῖν, ὅ προστάξας αὐτοῖς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν ἐλθεῖν ; Καὶ τὸ εἰρημένον δὲ ἐν τῷ τέλει τοῦ Ἐδαγγελέου τῷ Λουχᾷ - Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ δὺ- «1ογεῖν αὐτὸν αὑτοὺς, διέστη ἀπ' αὐτῶν, καὶ ἀν- ἐφέρετο εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν. Ὁμοίως δὲ χαὶ τὸ παρὰ τῷ Μάρχῳ γεγραμμένον" Ὁ μὲν οὖν Κύριος μετὰ τὸ λαλῆσαι αὐτοῖς, ἀνελήφθη εἷς τὸν οὐρανὸν, καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ" νοητέον ἐν τῇ Ο τεσσαραχοστῇ ἡμέρᾳ γεγενῆσθαι, χατὰ τὸ ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσιν ἱστορημένον. “Ἃ γάρ ἐπιτεμόντες ἐν Ἐὐαγ- γελίοις εἰρήχασι, ταῦτα τῷ πλάτει τῆς ἱστορίας ἐξαπλοῦται καὶ σαφηνίζεται. Ταῦτά ἐστι τὰ τοῖς εὐαγγελιχοῖς ἀναγνώσμασι τῆς Κυριαχῆς νυχτὸς περιεχόμενα, καὶ θορυδεῖν τὸν ἀγνοοῦντα δυνάμενα, ἃ χαὶ ὡς χρέος ὑμῖν χατεθέμεθα - ὑμεῖς δὲ τίνα ποιεῖν ὀφείλετε τούτων ἀχούοντες, ἐρυθριῶ λέγειν, τὸν ἐπὶ τὰς θέας δρόμον καὶ πὴν χύσσαν τῶν πολλῶν λογιζόμενος. 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Ἐχεῖθεν δὲ, ταῖς ἀφορμαῖς χρησάμενος, ἀποτίσω τὸ χρέος τῇ Γραφιχῇ λέξει προσυφήνας χαὶ τὰ ἐμὰ, εἴ τινα ἄρα χαὶ τυγχάνει παρὰ τῷ πένητι δούλῳ τῆς εἰς τὸν Δεσπότην εὐχαριστίας ἐγχώμια. Ἔλεγςε τοί- νυν ἀρτίως ὁ Δαδὶδ, καὶ ἡμεῖς μετ᾽ ἐχείνου" Αἰγεῖτα τὸν Κύριον, πάντα τὰ ἔθγη, ἑπαιγέσατε αὐτὸν, πάντες οἱ 1αοί. Πάντα τὸν ἐξ ᾿Αδὰμ ἄνθρωπον πρὸς τὸν ὕμνον χαλεῖ, μηδένα χαταλιμπάνων ἔξω τῆς χλήσεως " ἀλλὰ τοὺς Ἑσπερίους, τοὺς: 'Ἑῴους, τοὺς παρ᾽ ἑχάτερα, εἴ τις ἄρχτου γείτων χαὶ τῆς μεσημ- ὁρίας ἕνοιχος, ὁμοῦ πάντας δημαγωγεῖ τῷ ψαλμῷ. Καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ μὲν ἀπὸ μέρους τισὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων προσδιαλέγεται, ἢ τοὺς ὁσίους χαλῶν, ἣ τοὺς παῖδας τυπὶ δίᾳυς τηδρυϊουπι ἃ πη6 ἶρ80 ροββίιη δά ργο- Ῥοβί(δ58 ἰδ! 468 οοποο! Ὀτϑη 85 οΟπίογγθ, δὰ β8ογδιὰ οδηϊίοπθι, φυδη ρᾶυ]ο δηΐθ ΘΟΠΟἰηυἾ Πλι18, 601- ἔιρίαπι : δίᾳυβ ἰπᾶὰθ ἀγβυθδηιο δίψυθ οΟΟΔϑΙ0η6 βυμηρῖδ ἀϊοιϊοηὶ ϑογὶ ρα γα πθᾶ ἀΌ04ι6 ΘΟΠ͵ ΠΏ 6 ἢ 5 οἱ ᾳυλδὶ δἰίδχθῃβ, βοϊνδπὶ 8.8 δίδπυπι : δὶ το οἰΐαπι 4]14065 ρϑιιρογὶ δθῦνὸ δχ δηΐηΐ ρσται1η6 ἐγρὰ ἀοιηϊπυη 80ιπὶ ργοίθοί ἰδ 68 βυρραίιμ. Ὀίερθαι ἰφίιυν ρᾶυϊο δηῖα θανιἀ, οἱ ποὸβ ὑπἃ οτπὶ ἸΠἸο : Μαμάαίε δοπιΐπεπι, οπιπο8 σεπίεδ, ἰαμάαίς ἐμηὶ, οπιποδ μογρε!ὶ ". Ομηποπι Ποιαΐηθαι ἃ Αάδηιο υϑῆ06., ΘΗΝ Π6πὶ ργριοΓη (6Π5 φυδπν ποἢ ἰηνί!εῖ, δὲ γηησιη νοοῖ ; 86 ἀ οοοἰἀδηΐα 68, ΟΥΘηἴ4168., οἱ βἱ 4υ}58 οἶγοα [ΘΓ Γ08., Ὑ] βδρίθῃι οἰ "115 πρὸς ὕμνον ἐγείρων " ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ παρόντος ἔθνη καὶ Β νἱοΐηυβ, τὸ χτρογίἀἰαπάγαπὶ ρδγίίπὶ ἱμοοΐα δὶ, λαοὺς τῷ ψαλτηρίῳ συνάγει. "Ὅταν γὰρ, χατὰ τὸν ᾿Απόστολον, παρελύθη τὸ σχήμα τοῦ χόσμου τούτου, βασιλεὺς δὲ χαὶ Θεὸς ἐπεφάνη πᾶσιν ὁ Χριστὸς, πᾶ- σαν ψυχὴν ἄπιστον πληροφορήσας, καὶ γλῶσσαν βλάσ- φῆμον χαλινώσας, στήσῃ δὲ Ἑλλήνων τὴν ματαιό- τητα, καὶ Ἰουδαίων τὴν πλάνην, καὶ τῶν αἱρέσεων τὴν ἀδάμαστον γλωσσαλγίαν " τότε δὴ, τότε πάντα «τὰ ξθνη καὶ οἱ ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος λαοὶ ὑποχύψαντες, ἅμα- χον τὴν προσχύνησιν ἀναπέμψουσιν, χαὶ θαυμαστή τις ἔσται συμφωνία δοξολογίας, τῶν μὲν ὁσίων συν - ἡθως ὑμνούντων, τῶν δὲ ἀσεδῶν, ἐξ ἀνάγχης ἔχε- τενόντων. Καὶ τότε ἀληθῶς ὁ ἐπινίχιος ὕμνο; συμ- φώνως παρὰ πάντων ἀσθήσεται, καὶ τῶν κρατη- θέντων χαὶ τῶν νικησάντων τότε καὶ ὁ τῆς ταραχῆς βἰπιαὶ οπλπα8 Δ}}1|οἷϊ αἱ ἰηγίταὶ ἰο6 ρβϑϊπιο. Αἰφυα Δ᾽ἴδ5 φυΐάοπι βροοίαιϊπι ποηηι}}05 Βοπιίμο ἂρρεῖ- αἱ, δὰϊ βδηοίοβ γΟΟΔ}}8, δι} ρυ6Γ05 δὰ ΒΥΠΙΠυπὶ δχοϊἰδηβ : ἴῃ ργΓβθηϊ Ὑ6ΓῸ φ6η68 86 ΡΟρυΪο08 ρ88]- τογῖο οοφί! ἴα ὑπυπι. Οὐ απΐπι, υἱ ΑροΒ(0103 δἰ! ἢ, ἔφυγα ᾿υ͵υ8 πιυπὰϊ ἰγαπδίογί!., ΓῸχ νγῸ 80 θοι8 Ομείϊβιυβ, οἴμαὶ δηΐπηδ ἱπεγοάυ!α δά ρ᾽θιδπὶ [16 πε 86 σογίδπι σορηϊἰοηοπὶ ἰγαἀυοῖα, ᾿ἰπφαλαια πιᾶΐ6- ἀΐοα οολ δῖα δἴφιδ [τοπαῖδ, οπιηΐθὰ5 Δρραγυθῦῖ ; ἱπδϊθυογῖε ᾿(6πὶ Οτγοοοταπι νδηϊιϑίοῃ,, οἱ Ζυ 250 - Τυπι ΘΓΓΟΓΟΠῚ, οἱ ἤγοϑθοι ἰηἀοπἶϊπν ΠΠ Πρ 188 Π0Γ- θυπι. Τυπςε πἰτηῖγυπὶ, (6 ΟἸΏΠ68 δαηΐ68, οἱ 4] Ἁ βου ὑϑ4υ6 βυπηὶ ρΟρυΠ ργοουῃ)θθη[658 οοηδθῆ- εἰοπίοια οἱ οοποογάοπι διογδί ποι ϑγῳβίαδυηι, εἰ ὑπαίτιος ὁ τὴν τοῦ Δεσπότου φαντασθεὶς ἀξίαν, μα- (ὶ ἀἀπιίγΔ }}5 φυϊάδιῃ οοποοπίμβ οἱ οοπβαπβαβ βἰυτ] - σπιγίας οἰχέτης ὀφθήσεται πᾶσι, παρ᾽ ἀγγέλων πρὸς τὴν τιμωρίαν συρόμενος, καὶ πάντες οἱ τῆς ἐχείνου «ακίας ὑπηρέται χαὶ συνεργοὶ, ταῖς πρεπούσαις χο- λάδεσι χαὶ δίχαις ὑποδληθήσονται " εἷς δὲ φανήσεται βασιλεὺς καὶ κριτὴς, κοινὸς Δεσπότης παρὰ πάντων ὁμολογούμενος - ἡσυχία δὲ ἔσται χατεσταλμένη, ὥσ- περ ὅταν ἄρχοντο; ἐπὶ βήματος καθημένου, ὁ μὲν κῆρυξ ὑποσημαίνῃ τὴν σιωπὴν, οἱ λαοὶ δὲ καὶ ὄψιν χαὶ ἀχοὴν συντείναντες, τὴν τῆς δημηγορίας ἀχρόασιν ἀναμένωσιν. Διὰ τοῦτο, Αἰνεῖτε τὸν Κύριον, πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, ἐπαινέσατε αὑτὸν, πάντες οἱ «1αοί. οΔΠοηἾ8 δεῖς, βάποιβ 4υϊάδπὶ τηογὰ 80} 110 ἰδ 468 ἀϊοδπιίθιι., ἱπιρ|18 δυΐίοπη ὃχ πϑοοβϑίίαία βιιρρὶ!- οδηιίθυ. Εἴ ἴὐης ΓΟΥΘΓᾺ Υἱοίουῦ 5 ΔΓ σΟη86η- τἰθηῖοῦ δὺ οπηπΐθυβ. οδηθίυγ ἴδῃ) Υἱοιΐβ, 4υδιὶ Υἱ - εἰοτῖθυ 8, ἴυπὶ οἰἴ4πὶ Βοῦυυβ 1116 γ Γ 6 ΓΟ ἰαγθε8 40- ΟΡ, αυὶ δἰ δὲ ἀοπηῖηὶ δαὶ ἀϊξηϊ δίοαι ἰππαρὶ διίοια βυτηρβογδὶ οἱ ἃγγορδυογαῖ, υἱἀ δ) Ὁ ΟΠ 68 δύ π|0- ΠΘῊ8, ἀππὶ Δ δηᾳ6}15 δὰ βυρρίοἰι πὶ ἰτα]ιοίαγ, οἱ Θπ1η65 1Π1|ὺ8 πο] πιϊηἰβίγὶ εἰ βοοῖϊ ἀθ 1115 ΒῈΡ- ῬΙΪο 8. ἂς ρπὶβ δδὴῆ᾽οϊθημυγ : ὑπὺ5 Δυ16 πὶ ΓΚ 86 ἡυιάοχ ἀρραγθῦῖῖ, φυσπη Οπιη65 σοπηπληεπὶ Ποπιΐ- ΠῸΠῚ 6586 ΘΟΠΠΙΘΔΉΙΙΓ : 4168 ᾿Ἰδῖὴ ογὶς δἴχυθ 81]- Ἰοπεῖαπι, φυσπιαηιοάυπι ἤαγὶ βοίοὶ,, εὐπὶ ργὸ (τῖ- νύ 4}1} βοάθηϊο ργαίογθ ργῶοο 5:]οπιίαπι ἰπάϊοἰξ, οἱ Ῥορυ!ΐ δυγίθυ οἱ συ] !β δίπιυὶ ἰηίθιεΐ σοποϊοηδπι8 γοοαπὶ Θχβρθοίδηί. Ἰαἀοίγοο, ᾿αμάαίε θοπιΐπιπι., Φηιπεε σεπίες,, ἰαμάαίε εἰπὶ., οηιπες ρορμίϊ. ᾿ἰαυάαια. τδησυδπὶ ροϊδιίοπι, Ἰλυάὰαῖα ἰΔη4ι8π Ὀδηΐφηιπι οἱ Βυπιδηθπι : αυσηπίδηι 605 4υ]ἱ οοοίάστδηϊ οἱ πιογίυΐ [πογᾶπὶ., Γυγδὺβ Υυἱία γοϑιϊ(υἱῖ, γδβ Γγδοίι πὶ ἀδ ἰη- ἴσθτο ΓΤοπονανὶϊ, δ᾽ ἴμπὶ δίαιιο ἰπ) υσυπά αίοπι γρ}]- αυΐϊαγυπι, 4υ ἴῃ βορυ]οτὶβ ογδηῖ, δὰ ϑδηΐιηδὶ ἱῃοουγυριθιϊα θδηΐξπθ τγοἀορὶϊ, ἀπίπιδιν αυθ ἃπία 4υλίυοῦ πϑλ}}18 ΔΏΠΟΓῸ πὶ ΘΟΓΡυΒ γα! αυδγαῖ, ναι χ θη ἃ ῬΟΓα τ παιίοπο δὲ διινπὶ ἀπ οἰ πὶ γοάἀυτὶϊ, δλπ 486 ΠΟ. ΡΓδ 5ρ8110 (Θπιρογὶβ οἱ οθ!νίοπθ αυδδὶ ρογοβγίπαπὶ γα δυυηὶ ἰπδίγυπιοηΐαπι αἰδοίδηι, β6ιὶ εἰιυ5 δὰ Ἰά ἰοπάδηΐξομι, 481 ἀΥΐθ 8] πἰάνη) βιιαπι ἀσγνοϊδί, Εἴπωμεν γὰρ τὰ οἰχεῖα τῆς ἑορτῆς, ἵνα ἀκολούθως Δ Ῥφ8!. οσυῖ, 1. 51 6ογ. υἷι, ὃ]. Ὀ᾽ςδηλυ5 Θηΐπὶ 64 40:8 Ῥτορτία δὰ (ὁβίαπη ροΓ- θυ «5. ΟΒΕΟΘΟΠΙ͂Ι ΝΥ ΘΘΕΝῚ 080 εἰποπί,, αἱ δὰ ᾿ρθᾶθ τὸ δοοοιππιούδίθ οἱ ὁοιγ6- Α χαὶ προσφυῶς τοῖς πράγμασιν ἑορτάσωμεν. Τὸ γὰρ μἶθηῖοΡ [Θυ]6πΊιΓ. Ναηὶ χιοὰ ἱπιρτγορτγίαπι δὶ οἱ Δ Ἰσηαπι., Ριίογαιδηι χαοά πἾ}}}} ργοάδϑὶ, Γ68 δϑὶ ἱμογαάϊπαῖα,, ἱποοπιροβὶία δῖ4:16 ἀυρϑυγάα, "οῃ 80- [πὶ ἴῃ 118 ογδιϊοηῖθυ8., 45 46 το! φίοπα ἃς ρἰοίαῖα ΒΔ οπτΓ, γα πὶ οἰἴδιη ἴῃ ΘΧΊΘΓἾ8., οἱ 5. συ δὰ τη ἀατηδι ροΓι δι βαρ οπεΐδη). Οιι 5 δηἶπὶ Θϑί ογ8- 10 [14 βίυϊειι5 δΔάδοηιια γί ΐου}5., 41} δά πιριϊα5 τ] ατίιδια οὐ ἡπουπαϊαΐο ρίοπα8 νοοϑίι8, ΓΟΙῸ ΔΡΙΟ οἱ ᾿υουπο σθηθγο ΟΥΑΙ Οἢἶβ., αιοά δοοοτηηϊο- ᾿Π Δαίαπὶ 5}, 86 Φυλϑθὶ σοηρτγαιοῖαν ΒΠ Αγ (411 ἃς [6- διἰν᾽ 141} σομγθηῖι8., ἰγ ϑ]α 4υ 9 48ΠῈ| ΠΑΥΠΙΪΠ8 δἴηιι8 Ἰαφιυθγῖα φγοπυπίοῖ, οἱ ὁχ ἀγαραλάϊα ρα( 286 (418- ΒΝ 4165 ἴῃ σοηγῖνίο πυριϊδ!ὶ οἱ ἴῃ {Π8]|8π|Ὸὸ Οσοἰπαὶ ὃ Αὐτ ἐσ σοη ΓΑΓΙΟ τρογῖ!0 δἰϊουΐ [5814 ἀχδϑι οἱ ἀνοίχειον χαὶ ἀλλότριον πρὸς τῷ μηδὲν ὠφελεῖν, ἅταχτόν ἔστι χαὶ ἀλλόχοτον, οὐχ ἐν τοῖς περὶ θρη- σχείας καὶ εὐσεδείας λόγοις, ἀλλὰ χαὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἔξωθεν χαὶ τῆς τοῦ χόσμου σοφίας. Τίς γὰρ οὕτως ἀνόητος ἢ ὑπεργελοῖος ῥήτωρ, ὡς χληθεὶς εἰς φαιδρότητα γάμου ἀποστῆναι μὲν τῶν ἁρμοδίων λόγων χαὶ γλα- φυρῶν συνευπαθούντων ταῖς τῆς πανηγύρεως χάρισ:, γοερὰ δὲ μέλη θρηνεῖν χαὶ τὰ ἐχ τραγῳδίας χακὰ πῶν παστάδων χατολοφύρεσθαι; ἣ τὸ ἔμπαλιν ἐπι- ταχθεὶς ἑνὶ τῶν τετελευτηχότων τὰ νενομισμένα τε- λεῖν, ἐπιλαθέσθαι μὲν τοῦ πάθους, φαιδρύνεσθαι ὃΣ πρὸς τὸν κατηφείας γέμοντα σύλλογον ; Εἰ δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἐγχοσμίοις χαλὸν ἡ τάξις καὶ ἐπιστήμη, πολλῷ δήπου πλέον ἐν τοῖς μεγάλοις χαὶ οὐρανίοις ἁρμοδιώτερον. ΟΥδΙΪΟπ ΠῚ {ὉΠΘΌΓΕΠΊ ΠΔΌΘΓΘ .88118. ΟὈ] 5 ῥγθ- Β Χριστὸς τοίνυν ἀνέστη σήμερον ὁ Θεὸς, ὁ ἀπαθὴς, ὁ 80}1}18. ΟΆ5:15, υσιηάππὶ 86 ργαῦδαὶ οἱ ἘΠ ΔΓ πὶ ἃρυὰ πιοϑβιϊθα ρΙπυπὶ οοηνοπίυτ " Ουοἀ 5] ἴῃ γθθιι8. Ἰ ἰ4}8 ΤῸ5 ἀθοογὰ δϑὶ οὐὔάο δίᾳυβ δεϊθηίία, πλαϊο ργοίδοίο πιδρῖ8 δδπὶ ΟὈ ΒΘ γαΥὶ οοηγθηϊ ἴῃ Τοθι5 τηδρηΐθ δία ἙΟἸἰοδιθυ8. ΟὨ γί βίυϑ ᾿ρίίυν πος γοϑυγγοτὶς μοάϊο θυ, οδἰϑη ι}ῦ0.5 οἱ ὁ8- βὶθι18. διηρ! 5 ἤθη ΟὈποχίι8., ἰπηπιογί8}}8 (ς 80}- 5.586 ῬΆΓΟΠΙΡΟΡ ἴα, ΘΕ ΠἾς6, ΟὨ} 550 ρου] Δηἰ 86 ρΓΟ- ἴογνο τίϑιι, φυολά οἰπΐα δυάϊνογὶ 8) πο δὰ πθ6668- «81Δ16Π} ΘΔΒΌΜΠΙ., γ6] 46 ΘΟ]0 ἀρβοθιάδγα οοϑδοίυ8, νοὶ γοβυγγοοι ποθ πὶ) ἰαπαύδηι ἰποχϑρθοιδίυπι ἷἰπὸ- Ῥίπδίυμηνα δθιδῆοϊ πὶ ρυίοῦ 5ρ6ΠῚ δάδρίι15, 564 4υΐ ηονίβϑθί ΘΠ ΠἾ 1ΠῚ ΓΟΓΌΠῚ ἤποπὶ., δι4ι6 [Δ ἰπ]- Αἴαπι (οοἰδθοῖ, αἱ αυΐϊ ἴῃ ΟΟιΠ}8 ἀϊν᾽ ηἰϊλι18 ΠΑ οΓοί ῬΓΟροβίιογαπη οορη Οη6πὶ|, οἱ με μϑαιιδηὶ ἀα. ο(]0Ὸ ἀοβοθπάογεϊ, νἱάδγοί οἱ φορεἰαπὶ ρογίυγ θαι δι οἱ «ἀυνιεἰαπὶ 15Γ86}}5.,. οἱ Ῥηδίαπι ργὸ {τ θυ π8}} βοάθτρ., δὲ (δἱρίναπὶ γοϑίοπι δὶ δὶ ἀϊβεϊπάδγα,, δὲ βϑ! εἰ ο88η) Ρίουοιη ἵγτα ἐμΠδηιπιαυὶ., οἱ δυιάδπι ργοάδγθ, εἱ ῬῸ- ἀγὰ Ῥγορυβηδγο, οἱ ρ80}0 ρο5 β6ἴ ρβι1π) ΡῈΓ γΓθβ0Γ- τοοιοηοιῃ δὲ σ᾽ ογίδηι ἱπιπηογ 8} {8118 ἰγδηΒ[ὈΓΠΊΔΓΟ : ἃς.
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US-55824631-A_1
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USPTO
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Open Government
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Public Domain
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English
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Spoken
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Means for the support, protection, and training of fruit and other trees
Jan. 31, 1933. DAVEY I 1,895,753
MEANS FOR THE SUPPORT, PROTECTION, AND TRAINING OF FRUIT AND OTHER TREES Filed Aug. 20, 1931 Patented Jan. 31", 19 33 UNITED STATES A ENT OFF CE MASON DAVEY, 0F MAP'U 'A, NELSON, NEW ZEALANI) 1 MEANS r03 THE SUPPORT, rno'rncrron, annjraa nrne'or rau rr imp em;
Application filed August 20, 1931, Serial Nb. 558,246, and in New zealanq may 20, 1,93 I
This invention has been devised with the object of providing means whereby the branches of a fruit or other tree may be supported or stayed against liability of damage throu h overweight thereof, or by reason of its sul jection to heavy winds which would cause excessive swaying thereof, or damage through any of the causes that commonly affect the trees, and particularly fruit trees during the bearing and ripening of the fruit. The means devised also are of such a nature as will provide for the several branches of a tree being supported and held in any desired relative positions as to spacing apart around the trunk, this provision allowing for the training of the tree in its growth and spread of its branches, and also serving to'protect one branch from the other during the fruit bearing period and opening up the branches to the admission of sunshine to the fruit there- It is a commonly used expedient to support the branches of a tree by means of a rope or wire passed round beneath them and then tightened and its ends secured so that the tree is bound thereby. This method is however liable to cause damage to the branches by the liability of the rope or wire to cut or chafe the branches and also will tend to bunch the branches without any regard to their distances apart so that rubbing one upon the other and crowding together is liable in windy weather, with the result that fruit is lost or damaged.
The present invention provides means for use in conjunction with the tree encircling or binding wire by which the tree branches are effectually protected against any possi bility of being chafed or cut by the wire and are moreover capable of being spaced at arbitrary distances apart upon the wire and retained in their spaced relationship.
These means comprise, for each branch, a small plate of metal or other suitable rigid material, that is bent lengthwise to form a curve that will fit upon the branch and which is made with a tongue, or tongues, that will provide for it being supported upon the said encircling wire. By constructing such wire with loops in it at appropriate intervals with which the tongue or tongues on the plate make a l i em nt, he Pla the branches of a tree resting'therein may be tions.
In the accompanying drawing Figure 1 is an outside elevation,
Figure 2 an end elevation, V Figure .3 a sectional end elevation, and Figure 4 a plan of a preferred form of sup- Porting Plate.
spaced apart and heldin such spaced posie F 'g an uts e el vat on gian alte native construction of the plateshown in Figures 1 to 4. v y a Figure-6 is a similar view ofa further alternative form adapted for use by a suspension method. i i i I Figure 7 is .a diagram of length 0f Wil suitable for use with the appliances, v
Figure v8 is,a sketch illustrative of the manner of using the invention;
-The supporting device vforming the pr'i'nci; pal feature of the invention is made Qdfla rectangular plate A of metal Of otherrigid material of suitable nature, but preferably of a galvanized'or rust proof metal. is curved longitudinally so that it may he placed on the curve of a'tree branch to neatly thereon and to form a rest for such branch. The upper and lower edges of the plate are given a slight outward 'curvefas. shown more particularly in Figures Qand ,3 in order that when a branch is resting in the device these edges will .be free irom any liability of cutting into the branch when the weight of the branch is caused to bear down,-
wardly on the device.
In the formshown in Figures 1 plate, at its centre has -atongue Bstamped out therefrom and then bent" backward .for.
a distance and downwardly again so thata hook is formed projecting from fih @Qfifitfi plane ofthe plate andentending downwards ly. Or this tongue may be made, as' 'shovvnly in ur y ut p s rem th bo t twin edge of the plate and bending the tongue W rearwardly to form ahook in similar manner.
In the use of these devices, the branches of the tree to be supported are encircled by the wire C and for each'branch one'of the lates is provided and hooked upon the wire y causing the wire to pass on its outside and beneath its tongue B and thus to engage the branch and to support it upon the wire. In
order to prevent any possibility of the device becoming free of the wire the'tongue B may be formed with aninward bend B at'about half way in its height. The wire will then be sprung up beneath this bend and be retained 1 between it and the top of the tongue. V
By employinga wire band made as shown in F-igure 7 with loops -D at-intervals in its .length formed by twisting two wires together 7 and leaving untwisted lengths at intervals" 4 (which is an article of manufacturenow' well known), the tongues B of the devices may be passed intoloops thereof and thereby serve I to keep, the devices from sliding alongthe band. Consequently the branches of a tree a may have their supportsdisposed at any desired intervals apart around the band, to space them in the manner and for the purposes described. I
p In these instances the band encircles the branches and holds them up from beneath. The-formpf device shown inFigure 6 is adapted for use in a system under which the V band is in'sidethe branches and the branches arejsupported by being suspended thereon.
In this case the supporter plate is made on its two edges with the tongues E] to engage the wire by hooking overit the branch then being held between the plate and the wire. i a
I claim i 1'. Means for use branches of frfuit and other trees, comprising in claim 1, a band formed 'withclosed loops the combination with a wire bandencircling the tree, of aplate of rigid material shaped to curve'about its major axis and having a tongue stamped out therefrom parallel to its greatest dimension to extend downwardly .overits outer convex side so that the said band may pass beneath it, said tongue being shaped to extend parallel with the plate and having an inward ledge or bend across it at a point in its Vheightsuch that it is adapted to spring over the band when the band is placed beneath the tongue.
branches of fruit and other trees as recited at intervals in its length each of which loops is adapted toreceive the tongue of one of the said plates, one bight of said 100p. being clipped to the plate by said band. 3.: In means for usein supporting the branches of fruit and other trees accOrdingY to claim 1, outwardly curved, upper and lower edges on said plate.
7 In testimony whereof; I afiix my signature.
MASON DAVEY.
in supporting the,
2. In the means for use in supporting the.
| 50,492 |
https://github.com/alexklwong/learning-topology-synthetic-data/blob/master/src/fusionnet_model.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
CNRI-Python
| 2,022 |
learning-topology-synthetic-data
|
alexklwong
|
Python
|
Code
| 955 | 4,173 |
'''
Authors: Alex Wong <alexw@cs.ucla.edu>, Safa Cicek <safacicek@ucla.edu>
If this code is useful to you, please cite the following paper:
A. Wong, S. Cicek, and S. Soatto. Learning topology from synthetic data for unsupervised depth completion.
In the Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L) 2021 and Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2021
@article{wong2021learning,
title={Learning topology from synthetic data for unsupervised depth completion},
author={Wong, Alex and Cicek, Safa and Soatto, Stefano},
journal={IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters},
volume={6},
number={2},
pages={1495--1502},
year={2021},
publisher={IEEE}
}
'''
import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow.contrib.slim as slim
import networks, loss_utils, losses, log_utils, net_utils
import global_constants as settings
class FusionNetModel(object):
def __init__(self,
image0,
input_depth,
image1=None,
image2=None,
intrinsics=None,
is_training=True,
# Network architecture
network_type=settings.NETWORK_TYPE_FUSIONNET,
image_filter_pct=settings.IMAGE_FILTER_PCT,
depth_filter_pct=settings.DEPTH_FILTER_PCT,
activation_func=settings.ACTIVATION_FUNC,
# Depth prediction settings
min_predict_depth=settings.MIN_PREDICT_DEPTH,
max_predict_depth=settings.MAX_PREDICT_DEPTH,
min_scale_depth=settings.MIN_SCALE_DEPTH,
max_scale_depth=settings.MAX_SCALE_DEPTH,
min_residual_depth=settings.MIN_RESIDUAL_DEPTH,
max_residual_depth=settings.MAX_RESIDUAL_DEPTH,
# Loss function
validity_map_color=settings.VALIDITY_MAP_COLOR,
w_color=settings.W_COLOR,
w_structure=settings.W_STRUCTURE,
w_sparse_depth=settings.W_SPARSE_DEPTH,
w_smoothness=settings.W_SMOOTHNESS,
w_prior_depth=settings.W_PRIOR_DEPTH,
residual_threshold_prior_depth=settings.RESIDUAL_THRESHOLD_PRIOR_DEPTH,
rotation_param=settings.ROTATION_PARAM):
# Input data
self.image0 = image0
self.image1 = image1
self.image2 = image2
self.intrinsics = intrinsics
self.prior_depth = tf.expand_dims(input_depth[..., 0], axis=-1)
# Depth prediction range
self.min_predict_depth = min_predict_depth
self.max_predict_depth = max_predict_depth
self.min_scale_depth = min_scale_depth
self.max_scale_depth = max_scale_depth
self.min_residual_depth = min_residual_depth
self.max_residual_depth = max_residual_depth
# Loss function coefficients
self.validity_map_color = validity_map_color
self.w_color = w_color
self.w_structure = w_structure
self.w_smoothness = w_smoothness
self.w_sparse_depth = w_sparse_depth
self.w_prior_depth = w_prior_depth
self.residual_threshold_prior_depth = residual_threshold_prior_depth
# Data dimensions
self.shape = self.image0.get_shape().as_list()
# Extract sparse depth from input depth
self.sparse_depth = \
tf.expand_dims(input_depth[..., 1], axis=-1)
# If non-zero then remove points with large discrepancy in neighborhood
self.sparse_depth = net_utils.remove_outliers(
self.sparse_depth,
threshold=1.5,
kernel_size=7)
# Validity map is non-zero points in sparse depth
self.validity_map_sparse_depth = tf.where(
self.sparse_depth > 0,
tf.ones_like(self.sparse_depth),
tf.zeros_like(self.sparse_depth))
# Scale the local region based on sparse depth
local_scale = tf.where(
self.sparse_depth > 0,
self.sparse_depth / (self.prior_depth + 1e-6),
self.sparse_depth)
# If scale is very large then ignore it
local_scale = tf.where(
local_scale > 5,
tf.ones_like(local_scale),
local_scale)
# Get scale for local neighborhood
local_scale = slim.max_pool2d(
local_scale,
kernel_size=[5, 5],
stride=1,
padding='SAME')
local_scale = tf.where(
local_scale > 0,
local_scale,
tf.ones_like(local_scale))
# Keep original sparse depth and scale the rest
self.prior_depth = tf.where(
self.validity_map_sparse_depth == 1,
self.sparse_depth,
self.prior_depth * local_scale)
# Stack prior depth and sparse depth back together
input_depth = tf.concat([
self.prior_depth,
self.sparse_depth],
axis=-1)
# Select activation function for network
if activation_func == 'relu':
activation_fn = tf.nn.relu
elif activation_func == 'leaky_relu':
activation_fn = tf.nn.leaky_relu
elif activation_func == 'elu':
activation_fn = tf.nn.elu
else:
raise ValueError('Unsupported activation function: {}'.format(activation_func))
# Forward through network
if network_type == 'fusionnet05':
self.output_depth = networks.fusionnet05(
image0,
input_depth,
activation_fn=activation_fn,
image_filter_pct=image_filter_pct,
depth_filter_pct=depth_filter_pct)[-1]
elif network_type == 'fusionnet08':
self.output_depth = networks.fusionnet08(
image0,
input_depth,
activation_fn=activation_fn,
image_filter_pct=image_filter_pct,
depth_filter_pct=depth_filter_pct)[-1]
else:
raise ValueError('Unsupported architecture: {}'.format(network_type))
# Split output depth into scale (alpha) and residual (beta)
self.output_scale = \
tf.expand_dims(self.output_depth[..., 0], axis=-1)
self.output_residual = \
tf.expand_dims(self.output_depth[..., 1], axis=-1)
# Set scale between min and max scale depth
self.output_scale = \
(max_scale_depth - min_scale_depth) * self.output_scale + min_scale_depth
# Set residual between min and max residual depth
self.output_residual = tf.clip_by_value(
self.output_residual,
clip_value_min=min_residual_depth,
clip_value_max=max_residual_depth)
# Multiply by scale and add residual: \alpha(x) d(x) + \beta(x)
self.output_depth = self.output_scale * self.prior_depth + self.output_residual
# Prediction
self.predict = self.output_depth
if is_training:
self.pose = networks.posenet(tf.concat([
tf.concat([image0, image1], axis=-1),
tf.concat([image0, image2], axis=-1)], axis=0),
is_training=is_training)
if rotation_param == 'euler':
# Euler parametrization for rotation
self.pose01, self.pose02 = [
loss_utils.pose_vec2mat(v) for v in tf.split(self.pose, 2, axis=0)
]
elif rotation_param == 'exponential':
# Exponential parametrization for rotation
self.pose01, self.pose02 = [
loss_utils.pose_expm(v) for v in tf.split(self.pose, 2, axis=0)
]
else:
raise ValueError('Unsupport rotation parameterization: {}'.format(rotation_param))
# Build loss function
self.loss = self.build_loss()
def build_loss(self):
'''
Temporal (video) rigid warping
'''
# Compute flow from image 0 to image 1
flow01 = loss_utils.compute_rigid_flow(
tf.squeeze(self.output_depth, axis=3),
pose=self.pose01,
intrinsics=self.intrinsics)
# Compute flow from image 0 to image 2
flow02 = loss_utils.compute_rigid_flow(
tf.squeeze(self.output_depth, axis=3),
pose=self.pose02,
intrinsics=self.intrinsics)
# Reconstruct im0 using im1 with rigid flow
image01 = tf.reshape(loss_utils.flow_warp(self.image1, flow01), self.shape)
# Reconstruct im0 using im2 with rigid flow
image02 = tf.reshape(loss_utils.flow_warp(self.image2, flow02), self.shape)
'''
Construct loss function
'''
if self.validity_map_color == 'nonsparse':
validity_map_color = 1.0 - self.validity_map_sparse_depth
elif self.validity_map_color == 'all':
validity_map_color = tf.ones_like(self.validity_map_sparse_depth)
# Construct color consistency reconstruction loss
loss_color01 = losses.color_consistency_loss_func(
self.image0,
image01,
validity_map_color)
loss_color02 = losses.color_consistency_loss_func(
self.image0,
image02,
validity_map_color)
loss_color = loss_color01 + loss_color02
# Construct structural reconstruction loss
loss_structure01 = losses.structural_loss_func(
self.image0,
image01,
validity_map_color)
loss_structure02 = losses.structural_loss_func(
self.image0,
image02,
validity_map_color)
loss_structure = loss_structure01 + loss_structure02
# Construct sparse depth loss
loss_sparse_depth = losses.sparse_depth_loss_func(
self.output_depth,
self.sparse_depth,
self.validity_map_sparse_depth)
# Construct smoothness loss
loss_smoothness = \
losses.smoothness_loss_func(self.output_depth, self.image0)
if self.w_prior_depth > 0.0:
# Using residual to determine where to enforce prior
if self.residual_threshold_prior_depth > 0.0:
# Project using prior
flow01_prior_depth = loss_utils.compute_rigid_flow(
tf.squeeze(self.prior_depth, axis=3),
pose=self.pose01,
intrinsics=self.intrinsics)
image01_prior_depth = \
tf.reshape(loss_utils.flow_warp(self.image1, flow01_prior_depth), self.shape)
# Compare residuals
delta_image01_output_depth = tf.reduce_sum(
tf.abs(self.image0 - image01),
axis=-1,
keepdims=True)
delta_image01_prior_depth = tf.reduce_sum(
tf.abs(self.image0 - image01_prior_depth),
axis=-1,
keepdims=True)
# If global residual < threshold
global_flag = tf.cond(
loss_color < self.residual_threshold_prior_depth,
lambda: 1.0,
lambda: 0.0)
local_weights = tf.where(
delta_image01_output_depth > delta_image01_prior_depth,
tf.ones_like(self.prior_depth),
tf.zeros_like(self.prior_depth))
w = global_flag * local_weights
else:
w = tf.ones_like(self.prior_depth)
loss_prior_depth = losses.prior_depth_loss_func(
self.output_depth,
self.prior_depth,
w)
else:
loss_prior_depth = 0.0
# Construct total loss
loss = self.w_color * loss_color + \
self.w_structure * loss_structure + \
self.w_smoothness * loss_smoothness + \
self.w_sparse_depth * loss_sparse_depth +\
self.w_prior_depth * loss_prior_depth
# Construct summary
with tf.name_scope('fusionnet'):
tf.summary.scalar('loss_color', loss_color)
tf.summary.scalar('loss_structure', loss_structure)
tf.summary.scalar('loss_smoothness', loss_smoothness)
tf.summary.scalar('loss_sparse_depth', loss_sparse_depth)
if self.w_prior_depth > 0.0:
tf.summary.scalar('loss_prior_depth', loss_prior_depth)
tf.summary.scalar('loss', loss)
self.delta_depth = \
(self.output_depth - self.prior_depth) / (self.prior_depth + 1e-6)
# Log histogram
tf.summary.histogram('output_depth_distro', self.output_depth)
tf.summary.histogram('output_scale_distro', self.output_scale)
tf.summary.histogram('output_residual_distro', self.output_residual)
tf.summary.histogram('prior_depth_distro', self.prior_depth)
tf.summary.histogram('delta_depth_distro', self.delta_depth)
# Visualize reconstruction
tf.summary.image(
'image0_image01_image02',
tf.concat([self.image0, image01, image02], axis=1),
max_outputs=3)
# Visualize depth maps
tf.summary.image(
'image0_output_prior_delta',
tf.concat([
self.image0,
log_utils.gray2color(
self.output_depth,
'viridis',
vmin=self.min_predict_depth,
vmax=self.max_predict_depth),
log_utils.gray2color(
self.prior_depth,
'viridis',
vmin=self.min_predict_depth,
vmax=self.max_predict_depth),
log_utils.gray2color(
self.delta_depth,
'cividis',
vmin=0.80,
vmax=1.20)], axis=1),
max_outputs=3)
with tf.name_scope('posenet'):
tf.summary.histogram('tx01_distro', self.pose01[:, 0, 3])
tf.summary.histogram('ty01_distro', self.pose01[:, 1, 3])
tf.summary.histogram('tz01_distro', self.pose01[:, 2, 3])
tf.summary.histogram('tx02_distro', self.pose02[:, 0, 3])
tf.summary.histogram('ty02_distro', self.pose02[:, 1, 3])
tf.summary.histogram('tz02_distro', self.pose02[:, 2, 3])
# Return total loss
return loss
| 30,700 |
https://github.com/dafyddj/inspec/blob/master/lib/inspec/version.rb
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,020 |
inspec
|
dafyddj
|
Ruby
|
Code
| 6 | 22 |
module Inspec
VERSION = "4.18.58".freeze
end
| 23,303 |
https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%20%D0%B7%20%D1%84%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%20%28U-19%29%202018%20%28%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Юнацький чемпіонат Європи з футболу (U-19) 2018 (кваліфікаційний раунд)
|
https://uk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Юнацький чемпіонат Європи з футболу (U-19) 2018 (кваліфікаційний раунд)&action=history
|
Ukrainian
|
Spoken
| 365 | 1,115 |
Юнацький чемпіонат Європи з футболу (U-19) 2018 кваліфікаційний раунд — відбірний етап, що складається з двох етапів, перший пройшов з 3 жовтня по 14 листопада 2017 року у 13 групах. Другий етап пройшов в березні 2018, сім переможців груп приєднаються до господарів чемпіонату збірної Фінляндії.
Рейтинг збірних
Перший груповий етап
На першому етапі 52 збірні було розділено на 13 груп по 4 збірні у кожній. Матчі відбудуться в одне коло на полі одного з учасників групи. Збірні які посядуть перше та друге місце у своїх групах кваліфікуються до Другого раунду.
1 група
Матчі пройшли 8 - 14 листопада 2017 в Хорватії.
|valign="top"|
2 група
Матчі пройшли 4 - 10 жовтня 2017 в Польщі.
|valign="top"|
3 група
Матчі пройшли 8 - 14 листопада 2017 в Люксембурзі.
|valign="top"|
4 група
Матчі пройшли 4 - 10 жовтня 2017 в Нідерландах.
|valign="top"|
5 група
Матчі пройшли 8 - 14 листопада 2017 в Македонії.
|valign="top"|
6 група
Матчі пройшли 3 - 9 жовтня 2017 в Австрії.
|valign="top"|
7 група
Матчі пройшли 4 - 10 жовтня 2017 в Ірландії.
|valign="top"|
8 група
Матчі пройшли 8 - 14 листопада 2017 в Болгарії.
|valign="top"|
9 група
Матчі пройшли 4 - 10 жовтня 2017 в Швеції.
|valign="top"|
10 група
Матчі пройдуть 8 - 14 листопада 2017 в Греції.
|valign="top"|
11 група
Матчі пройшли 8 - 14 листопада 2017 в Боснії і Герцеговині.
|valign="top"|
12 група
Матчі пройдуть 4 - 10 жовтня 2017 в Албанії.
|valign="top"|
13 група
Матчі пройшли 7 - 13 листопада 2017 в Туреччині.
|valign="top"|
Другий груповий етап
1 група
Матчі пройшли 21 - 27 березня 2018 в Німеччині.
|valign="top"|
2 група
Матчі пройшли 21 - 27 березня 2018 в Македонії.
|valign="top"|
3 група
Матчі пройшли 21 - 27 березня 2018 в Італії.
|valign="top"|
4 група
Матчі пройшли 21 - 27 березня 2018 в Румунії.
|valign="top"|
5 група
Матчі пройшли 21 - 27 березня 2018 в Португалії.
|valign="top"|
6 група
Матчі пройшли 21 - 27 березня 2018 в Іспанії.
|valign="top"|
7 група
Матчі пройшли 21 - 27 березня 2018 в Данії.
|valign="top"|
Збірні, що кваліфікувались на чемпіонат Європи
1 Жирним виділено чемпіонські роки. Курсивом перемоги на домашніх чемпіонатах.
Посилання
UEFA.com
Кваліфікації чемпіонату Європи з футболу (U-19)
2017 у футболі
2018 у футболі
| 6,224 |
sn88059319_1901-05-21_1_3_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,901 |
None
|
None
|
Danish
|
Spoken
| 5,642 | 8,069 |
Ft r.-..-j^- -f' «y i*-w .•%***&?+% X-JS^ V'-*' f»- -ii"' •*?, §s\?X& I&4.C& itiS -3%: *^Ct. ^-5#4 «r ^-ir $„•&,- Jk,.^A vy ^u/'Sv^' ^r, ',•,•«?, /", $$£&*> SlJ. iv ",#r'fc 5"L'r?rf** S^V-*#"*, .*1^_"^ •C' "^-"A.V Jl* &«. IK", J^V' 55-" *l»v %r scT •H.%? 'J. i.«* 4Uj *pii- 5V ?& «U J* £V. &<•»-" sur*'-*- 2^'"/ »«**Vv 4?" _§£r«i^' s^ap" X&p L-ZSSi-*. ••:5Vv.« *.* I I S 3&?fhs£.f- W.'~' \J, a* Pt-- &*•:£*. K*-i* -»-n g^irJ $¥*«* $v m4W~K •VA *t dfe W* -v 't, «-5^l As children, we have three children. Before the birth of the last one, my wife used four bottles of Mother's Friend. If you had the pictures of our children, you could see at a glance that the last one is healthiest, prettiest, and finest-looking of them all. My wife thinks Mother's Friend is the greatest and grandest remedy in the world for expectant mothers. Written by a Kentucky Attorney-at-Law, prevents nine-tenths of the suffering incident to childbirth. The coming mother's disposition and temper remain unruffled throughout the ordeal, because this relaxing, penetrating liniment relieves the usual distress. A good-natured mother is pretty sure to have a good-natured child, the patient is kept in a strong, healthy condition, which the child also inherits. Mother's Friend takes a wife through the crisis quickly and almost painlessly. It assists in her rapid recovery, and wards off the dangers that so often follow delivery. Sold by druggists for $1 a bottle. THE BRADFIELD REGULATOR CO. ATLANTA, GA. Send for our free illustrated book written expressly for expectant mothers. Manufacturers, Importers and Jobbers of a General Line of Veterinary Remedies and Specialties. EXCLUSIVELY WHOLESALE. Our Remedies for Sale in Crosse by Alliance Mercantile Agency. M. Barrett, F. C. Woellster, A. H. Burnett, Amundson & Lofthus. Wm. Kellow, Jr. —TRY OUR— Cure for Wire Cuts and Wounds, Sweeney, General Liniments, Thrush, Thistle, Harness Galls, Collar Boil, Colic, Udder Cure, Splint, Ring Bone, Spavin, Fistula, Distemper, Condition Powder, Heave Cure, Grease Heel Cure, Worm Cure, Kidney and Liver Cure. The above named dealers will refund your money If our remedies fail to give the satisfaction we claim. BEST FOR THE BOWELS If you haven't a regular, healthy movement of the bowels every day, you're ill or will be. Keep your bowels open, and be well. Force, in the shape of violent physic or pill poison, is dangerous. The smoothest, easiest, most perfect way of keeping the bowels clear and clean is to take CANDY CATHARTIC EAT 'EM LIKE CANDY Pleasant, Palatable, Potent. Taste Good, Do Good, Never Sicken, Weaken, or Gripe. 10, 25, and 50 cents per box. Write for free sample, and booklet on health. Address 43s STERLING REMEDY COMPANY, CHICAGO or NEW YORK. KEEP YOUR BLOOD CLEAR Dyspepsia Cure Digests what you eat. It artificially digests the food and Digests what you eat. aids Nature in strengthening and reconstructing the exhausted digestive organs. It is the latest discovered digestant and tonic. No other preparation can approach it in efficiency. It instantly relieves and permanently cures Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Heartburn, Flatulence, Sour Stomach, Nausea, Sick Headache, Gastralgia, Cramps and all other results of imperfect digestion. Price 50c. and $1. Large size contains 5 times a small size. Book all about dyspepsia mailed free. Prepared by E. C. DeWITT & CO., Chicago. FOfi Red'a Cross Tansy Pills The Ladies Supprcsssd Msnstruatlo* PAINFUL Minstruatlon And •PREVENTIVE lor IPBMALE" 1RFXGULA&1XIE8* I Are Safe and Rollabld* Perfectly HarmleM Purely Vflca* Ublel Sf PRICE$1.00 Sent postpaid on receipt ol price. Money refunded not we His de Cinchona Co. Dsp Moines. Xoira. Sold by J. H. Luesr Drug Co., Cres 00, and Lowry Drug Co., Chester. Dom '*%^f BE FOOLEDI Tfrhe tlie genuine, original ROCKY MOUNTAIN TEA Made only by Madison Medl* cine Co,, Madison* Wis* It keeps you well. Our trade mark cut on each package* Price, 35 cents. Never «old in bulk. Accept no substl* McoMonATcoidi tute. Ask your druggist. CANDY CATHARTIC 10c. lie. SOc. Genuine stamped C. C. C. Never sold In bulk. i. Beware of the dealer who tries to sell "V- "something Just as good." MO euro vonattpu(laii von««. rCathartia, lOoorl Take Cuftc^roia Candy Cathartii *dc.a bui mua.drauutt tt .. [Copyrighted i®co by the SYNOPSIS. so'llers re op CTIAPTEn I.—A party of cevalry cruits undvr charge of (,'orp. Connelly. 01 way to San Francisco, change care at Oc uen ani are connMrtlfd to boan] an old. un used car. A rrflned young private. Foster. Is one of the recruit*. At Offden Ueut. wtuyvesant boards the train and la struck the boauty of a yoftng female panr^n Pw: **e tries to make her acquaintance, but la unsuccessful. CJfAPTISR II.—Stuyvesaht dlstot-ers she is Marion Ray, dauchtor of Col. Ray. He has an encounter with a drunken recruit. Murray, who swears revenge. Early next morping the old recruit car is discovered onj A 0RU*ed by heatlncr of Journal boxes, barely escape with their lives. Stuyvesant hdps rescue Murray, but Is severely burned. MLss Ray helps tend the injured, lncludlns Stuyvesant. Fos ter, although Injured, declares he Is In need of no aid. CHAPTER III,—Miss Ray leaves train at Sacramento. On arrival at Oakland, Stuyvesant receives telegram saying Lieutenant Colonel Vinton's commission awaits Foster at San Francisco. In looking him up, it is discovered that he has disappeared. CHAPTER IV.—Stuyvesant, attached to Gen. Vinton's staff, is questioned by one Gen. Drayton as to knowledge of Foster's whereabouts. Drayton shows him letter from old friend, Foster's uncle, telling of Foster's meeting with Miss Ray some time previous in Kentucky and his infatuation for her. Stuyvesant suggests looking for him in Sacramento. CHAPTER V.—Murray, the unruly recruit, is discovered to be a deserter. Stuyvesant accidentally meets Lieut. Ray, brother of Miss Ray, at San Francisco. They accidentally speak of Foster, whom Ray knows, and he says his sister's determination not to marry outside the army must have caused Foster to enlist and endeavor to win the straps. CHAPTER VI.—Miss Ray, with her mother, comes to San Francisco, but Stuyvesant, although very anxious, has not the pleasure of meeting her. Lieut. Ray, while visiting them one evening, receives word that prisoners under his charge have escaped and his quarters have been robbed. When transport on which Stuyvesant sails is leaving harbor, he, with party of officers, boards an escort steamer to bid friends farewell. Miss Ray is aboard and he is introduced. They speak, and he expresses hope of meeting her upon his return from Manila. She smilingly answers: "I think you may see me—before that." CHAPTER IV—It is learned Murray is one of escaped prisoners and that the island is among the lost. Ray's missing property. CHAPTER VIII. Vinton's flotilla came steaming into Honolulu harbor just as the smoke of the Doric was fading away on the western horizon. Cheers and acclamations, a banquet tendered to the entire force in the beautiful grounds about the palace, and a welcome such as even San Francisco had not given awaited them. Three days were spent in coaling for the long voyage to Manila, and during that time officers and men were enabled to spend hours in sea bathing and sightseeing. Vinton, eager to push ahead, fumed with impatience over the slow and primitive methods by which his ships were coaled, but the junior officers found many a cause for rejoicing over their enforced detention. Dinners, dances, and surf rides were the order of every evening. Riding parties to the Pali and picnics at Pearl Harbor and the plantations along the railway filled up every hour of the long, soft, sensuous day. The soldiers explored every nook and corner of the town and, for a wonder, got back to ship without serious diminution in their number, and with a high opinion of the police, who seemed bent on protecting the bluecoats from the states and making the best of their exuberance of spirits. Only one row of any consequence occurred within the forty-eight hours of their arrival. Three of the Colorado volunteers playing billiards in a prominent resort were deliberately annoyed and insulted by some merchant sailors who had been drinking heavily at the expense of a short, thick-set burly fellow in a loud check suit and flaming necktie, a stranger to the police, who knew of him only that he had landed from the Doric and was waiting the coming of the Mowera from Vancouver for Australia. She was due on the morrow. He had taken quarters at a second rate sailors' lodging house and at first kept much to himself, but, once starting to drinking with his marital neighbors, he became noisy and turbulent, and called forth with four of his new-found friends, all half drunk and wholly bent on mischief. The sight of three quiet-mannered young fellows playing pool in the saloon was just the thing to excite all the blackguard instinct latent in their half sodden skins, and from sneering remark they had rapidly passed to deliberate insult. In less than a minute thereafter, the young volunteers, flushed and panting, were surveying the police and bystanders engaged in dragging out from under the tables and propping up some wrecks of humanity, while the head devil of the whole business, the burly civilian in the loud checked suit, pitched headlong out of a rear window, was stanching the blood from his broken nose at the hydrant of a neighboring stable. The volunteers were escorted to the landing with all honors, and their antagonists, barring the ringleader, to the police station. The affair was over so quickly that few had seen anything of it, and only one man had pitched in to the support of the soldiers—a civilian who came over on the Vanguard by the authority of Gen. Vinton, the ex-brakeman of the Southern Pacific. While the Colorado men had little to say beyond the statement that they had been wantedly insulted if not actually assailed by a gang of strangers, the railway man was ablaze with excitement and wrath over the escape of the leader of the vanquished party. "I've seen that cur dog face of his somewhere before," said he, "and the quicker you find and nab him the better. That man's wanted in more than one place or I'm a duffer." And so the police spent hours that night in search of the stranger, but to no purpose. He kept in hiding somewhere, and their efforts were vain. Search of his luggage at the lodging house revealed the fact that he had a lot of new shirts, underwear, etc., but not a paper or mark that revealed his identity. The proprietor said that he had fitted the name of Spence, but he heard two of the sailors call him Sackett. The following evening the general and his staff dined at the beautiful home of one of the old and wealthy residents, and towards nine o'clock Mr. Stuyvesant asked his general's permission to withdraw, as he had two calls to make before returning aboard ship. They were to sail at dawn. Hiding good night and good-bye to his charming hostess and declining the hospitable offer of a post-prandial "peg" from her genial lord, the young officer stepped blithely away down the moonlit avenue. It was a beautiful summer night. The skies were cloudless, the air soft and still. Somewhere, either at the park or in the grounds of the Royal Hawaiian, the famous band of Honolulu was giving a concert, and strains of glorious music rich and full, came floating on the gentle breeze. Here and there the electric lights were gleaming in the dense tropical foliage and sounds of merry chat and musical laughter fell softly on the ear. The broad thoroughfare of Beratania Street was well-nigh deserted, though once in a while the lights of a cab on noiseless wheel flashed by, and at rare intervals Stuyvesant met or overtook some blissful pair whispering in the deep shadows of the overhanging trees. It was quite a walk to the consul general's, his first objective point, but he enjoyed it and the brief visit that followed. Naturally the affair of the previous evening came up for discussion, and there was some conjecture and speculation as to the identity of the leader of the attack on the Denver boys. Stuyvesant repeated what his friend the brakeman said, that somewhere he had seen the fellow's face before, but he had only a second's glimpse of it, for the moment he launched into the aid of the volunteers the man in the check suit caught sight of him - and a simultaneous crack on the nose that sent him reeling towards the open window, through which he darted the instant he could recover balance, leaving the field equally divided, four to four in point of numbers, but otherwise with overwhelming advantage on the side of the clear heads and trained muscles of the soldiers. A grewsome sight those sailors had presented when called up for sentence in the morning, and a remorseful quartet they proved. Moreover, to the consul general, who had been called in in the interest of fair play for Jack, they declared that they were innocent of all evil intent. They only went in for a little fun with the soldiers. It was that San Francisco fellow who called himself Spence when he was sober and Sackett when he got drunk who brought on the row and then abandoned them to their fate. He had owned that he "had it in" for soldiers in general— hated the whole gang of them and wanted to see them well licked. He listened plenty of money and would pay their fines if the police "ran them in," and now had left them in the lurch. They had no money and were confronted with the probability of a month's labor with the "chain gang" on the public roads if the consul general. I couldn't get them off. So that amiable official had gone out to the flotilla and had a talk with the Colorado officers and the three brawny heroes of the billiard room battle, with the result that everybody agreed to heap all the blame on the vanished culprit in the check suit, and the sailors got off with a nominal fine and went home to nurse their bruises and their wrath against Spence, alias Sackett. That fellow shouldn't get away on the Mowera if they could help it. All this Stuyvesant was pondering over as, after stopping to leave his P. P. C. at the Pacific club, he strolled down Fort Street on his way to the boat landing. The big whistle of an incoming steamer had attracted his attention as he left the consul general's to make one more call, and at the club he heard someone say the Mowera had reached her dock and would sail for Australia in the morning. The sky, that had been so cloudless early in the evening, became somewhat overcast by it, and the moonlight was dim and vague as he reached the landing. In his several trips to and from the transport it happened that he had fallen frequently into the hands of a bright Kanaka boatboy whose admirable rowing and handling of the boat had pleased and interested him. "Be ready to take me out about 11:30," he had told him, and now where was he? Several officers and soldiers were there bargaining with the boatmen, and three or four of these amphibious Hawaiians precipitated themselves on Stuyvesant with appeals for a job, but he asked for Joe. "Him gone," was the answer of an eager rival. "Him other jobs," but even as they would have persuaded Stuyvesant that Joe was not to be had and his selection must be one of their number, Joe himself came running from the direction of a warehouse a short pistol shot away. "What kept you, Joe?" asked Stuyvesant, as the light boat danced away on the tide. "Feller want me take him outside, Mowera," was the answer) "him behind warehouse." "The deuce you say!" exclaimed Stuyvesant, turning about in the stern sheets and gazing back to shore. "Are there landing stairs at the warehouse, and is he waiting for you there?" "Huh," nodded Joe, "then here," said Stuyvesant, "shaking moonward and noting with satisfaction that the luminary was behind a thick bank of clouds. "Turn back and row to the warehouse steps. I want to look at that fellow." So saying, he quickly threw off his uniform coat with its gleaming shoulder straps and collar device, stowed his forage cap under the seat and sat bareheaded and in his shirt sleeves. Obedient to Joe's powerful strokes, the little boat was speedily gliding in among the shadows of the sailing ships moored along the quay, and presently her stern was swung round to a flight of stone steps, and Stuyvesant bounded ashore. Over at the boat landing the electric lights were gleaming and the sound of many voices chaffering over boat fares was heard. Here among the sheds and warehouses all was silence and darkness, but Stuyvesant unhesitatingly strode straight to the corner of the big building and into the blackness of the westward side, peeking right and left in search of the skulker who dared not come to the open dock, yet sought means. of reaching the Australian steamer. For a moment he could distinguish no living object, then paused to listen, and within ten seconds was rewarded. Somewhere close at hand between him and a low shed to his left there was the sound of sudden collision and a muttered oath. Some invisible body had bumped against some invisible box, and, turning sharply, Stuyvesant made a spring, and the next instant had grappled with some burly, powerful form and was dragging it, despite furious resistance, towards the light. He was conscious of the sickening odor of sour whisky, of a volley of mad threats and imprecations, of a stinging blow in the face that only served to make him cling the tighter to his prisoner. Then, as they swayed and struggled to and fro, he felt that he was not gaining ground and that this unseen ruffian might after all escape him. He lifted up his voice in a mighty shout: "Police! Police! This way!" Then he heard a savage oath, a squattering, savage "Let go, damn your soul!" and then felt a sharp, stinging pain in the right side—another—another and earth and sky reeled as his grasp relaxed, and with a moan of anguish he sank fainting on the deck. [To be continued] KING Suture's CURE: A Great Nerve Medicine: Celery King cleanses the system and builds it up. It makes the blood pure. It beautifies the complexion. It cures constipation and liver disorders. It cures headache and most other aches. Celery King cures Nerve, Stomach, Liver and Kidney. The Pun-American Exposition Held at Buffalo, N.Y. May 1st, to Nov. 1st, 1901. On April 30th, and daily thereafter, the Chicago Great Western Railway will sell through excursion tickets to Buffalo, good to return within 15 days, at a fare and one-third for the round trip. A special rate for every Tuesday in May will be ONE FAKE PLUS $1.00 FOR THE ROUND TRIP. These tickets will be good leaving Buffalo until midnight on the Saturday following the day of sale. The lowest rates will always be in force on the Chicago Great Western Railway, and its equipment and accommodations are unsurpassed. The company has issued a neat illustrated folder, giving a map of Buffalo and of the Exposition grounds, a list of hotels time-card of its trains and their Eastern connections, and much other valuable information. For full information and rates, address any Great Western Agent, or J. P. Elmer, General Passenger Agent, 113 Adams Street, Chicago. oct 1st RELIEF IN SIX HOURS Distressing Kidney and Bladder Diseases relieved in six hours by "NEW GREAT SOUTH AMERICAN KIDNEY Cure." It is a great surprise on account of its exceeding promptness in relieving pain in bladder, kidneys, and back, in male or female. Relieves retention of water almost immediately. If you want quick relief and cure, this is the remedy. Sold by Lomas & Milz Drug Co., Cresco, Iowa. Easy to Cure a Cold If you go about it right. Take two or three liras' Cold Cure Capsules during the day and two before retiring at night. This will insure. A good night's rest and a free movement of the bowels next morning. Continue the treatment next day and your cold will melt away. Price: 26c. Sold by Shuttleworth Drug Co., and E. J. Eckstein. De Witt's Little Early Risers, search the remotest parts of the bowels and remove the impurities speedily with no discomfort. They are famous for their efficacy. Easy to take, never gripe. —Shuttleworth Drug Co. AS BETWEEN FRIENDS The Touch of Nature Which Makes All Women Know. A little confidential chat on subject in which all of us are interested in speculation is wedding anniversaries. [Special Chicago Letter.] Nature never changes. Time circumstances may work revolution in social customs, but the old Adam and venerable mother still do business at the same stand. Cervantes, several centuries ago, sagely observed that "many go out for wool, and come home-shorn themselves." Few there are among our friends who have not gone through this identical experience. A moss-covered proverb, which lingers consolingly in many recalcitrant memories, says that "Doubtless the pleasure is as great of being cheated as to cheat." When we are inclined to kick, we very frequently find Consolation in the fact that while being "done up good and brown" we labored under the impression that we were taking advantage of somebody else. Our impression probably was based on erroneous premises from the start, but as long as it appeared as a living truth to us we were satisfied and even after we are compelled to admit that the joke was on us we persuade ourselves that others, if placed in similar circumstances, would have fared much worse than such clever persons as You, I & Reference is not had in this connection to ordinary swindling schemes. Bunco men and thieves of the ordinary stripe are altogether too coarse and vulgar to be considered in polite society. We have in mind those ambitions little social humbugs who make life interesting and by their comparatively inexpensive confidence games add zest to life and relieve the monotony of existence in the average American city. Man, who does battle with the world during the day to enable his wife to take her proper place in the social swim in the evening, takes a secondary part in the comedy of deception which is going on all around us. His name, it is true, appears first on the bill when "Mr. and Mrs. Josephus Breakemup request the honor of your company" at their "DID YOU GET MAMIE'S CARD?" The tenth wedding anniversary of the "DID YOU GET MAMIE'S CARD?" heads the procession, but madame, his wife, is the star actor, stage manager and impresario. He is surely one of the ciphers added to lend impressiveness to the show, like the gentleman-in-waiting in the old play who acts the thinking part to perfection. Woman"manipulates all of the puppets on the social board. And in moving them around she displays extraordinary generalship and a thorough comprehension of human nature. For her own breakfast, she'll project a scheme Nor let her tea without a stratagem." Marcus Aurelius, who had the happy faculty of condensing much practical wisdom into single sentence, said that "things that have a common quality ever seek their kind." That is probably the reason why women who are "fond of going out" soon become acquainted, even in large cities where the forming of friendships is not as easy as in smaller towns where everybody knows everybody else. And when you have found a woman who dotes on curd parties and evening "companies" you have, in nine cases out of ten, discovered a social schemer, a charming speculator who lets no wedding anniversary or similar happy occasion pass without levying tribute from her friends. "Harry, my boy," said a dejected looking passenger on a suburban train to a friend who had just entered the car, "did you get Mamie's card for our crystal wedding?" "We did." "Are you coming?" "Will, if I'm in town." "Wish you'd be out of town. Wish everybody that's been invited would be out of town. I'm dead tired of the whole thing. It's all Maine's doings. She said that. Mrs. Catehem celebrated her tin wedding last January and all her friends gave her nice presents. Now Maine doesn't want any (in coffee pots or dislipans, but she thought this crystal wedding party would be just the thing for getting a lot of cut glass tuck. 'I don't want to bleed my friends,' says I, 'if you want to entertain them put off your party and don't make everybody feel that you want their presents more than their company.' I might just as well have talked to a stone wall. She has made up her mind to get a lot of cut glass-s and unless the people that have been invited have more sense than I give them credit for she'll get it, too.' A party was quite a success. Her refreshments were served in borrowed cut-glass dishes. Before her guests departed, they left behind them a choice assortment of carafes, goblets, olive dishes, salad bowls, and tankards and hereafter she will have to borrow no more. Out it was not Mamie alone who was satisfied with the result of her social speculation. It made an equally soothing impression on the mind of Mrs. Skinner, whose supply of dishes was running desperately low. Mr. Skinner had repeatedly declined to invest his hard-earned dollars in fancy tableware, but he had never yet refused to welcome his friends or his wife's friends to his house. Mr. and Mrs. Skinner had been one for nearly 20 years and on the way home from the crystal wedding Mrs. S. succeeded in winning. THEY DOTE ON CARD PARTIES gested that it would be a good thing to celebrate their china wedding. "Celebrate what?" asked Mr. S. "Our china wedding, stupid. Our twentieth anniversary." "What for?" "Why, don't you see, we'd get a lot of nice things—china things that we couldn't afford to buy. Look at all the cut glass Mamie got tonight. It's worth all of $250, and her party didn't cost her more than $25. I've made up my mind to have a china wedding, no matter what you think about it. Why, I paid nine dollars for the salad bowl we gave Mamie, and we've got to get even some way." Mr. Skinner protested, but the cards went out and if his entertaining wife does not "get even" it will certainly not be her fault. The next day Skinner misfittings Jaggers at the club. "So you're going to celebrate your china wedding, old man," observed the latter. "My wife is," curtly responded Skinner. "Well, Mrs. Jaggers says it's a nice way of getting back part of the blackmail you have had to contribute to your friends," suggested the amiable Jaggers. "What do you mean, sir?" "Oh, don't get on your ear. You know well enough what I mean. Mrs. Jaggers has a habit of looking every financial proposition squarely in the face. 'Hennery,' she says to me when we got your card last January, we had to give the Ketchams a two-dollar coffee pot, the other day we gave the Baldeys a six-dollar cut glass carafe, next week we'll have to spend five dollars for the Skinners. Next fall, Henry, we celebrate our silver wedding, and what I say goes. I had nothing to say not because I like the idea, but because I know that Maria will have her way." Skinner listened to the explanation in silence, and then joined Jaggers in a bottle of Apollinaris. They felt dissatisfied with themselves and all the world, and caused the grass widower, who noticed their depression, to repeat his favorite quotation: "Wedlock. Indeed, had oft compared to public feasts, where meet a public rout Where they that are without would fain go in. And they that are within would fain go out." But in spite of the discomfiture of husbands, women will continue to play their amateur hold-up games. It's GOT A LOT OF CUT GLASS. in them to do it, and they can't help but take delight in getting just a bit ahead of their dear friends. Mrs. Jaggers, so the latest report goes, will send out 300 invitations for her silver wedding, which will be celebrated in the club house and is to be the great social event of the season. She expects to receive at least 200 presents, worth five dollars apiece on the average. She will, at the same time, pay all her social obligations, and retire from the field $600 ahead of the game. Her intimates already speak of her as the "female Napoleon of suburban society," and she will probably hold the title undisputed until next December, when, according to Dame Rumor, the venerable but wide-awake Mrs. Peccein will celebrate her golden wedding anniversary. G. W. WEIPPERT. The Soring Fever is a malady which no one can escape at this season of the year. The vitality is usually overtaxed during the winter months, and springs finds the system all run down. The blood is thinned and impure. The kidneys and liver are inactive—resulting in a loss of energy and appetite, and derangement of the nerves. Lichty's Celery Nerve Compound will purify your blood, tone up your nerves, and leave you feeling fresh and energetic. Sold by Shuttleworth Drug Co., and E. J. Eckstein. Dr. L. Detchou's Anti-Disease Cure may be worth to you more than $100 if you have a child who soils bedding from incontinence of water during sleep. Cures old and young alike. It arrests the trouble at once. Sold by Lomas & Milz Drug Co., Cresco, IA. PR. FEMNER'S Blood & Liver REMEDY AND NERVE TONIC. Over-Work Weakens Your Kidneys Make Impure Blood. All the blood in your body passes through your kidneys once every three minutes. The kidneys are your blood purifiers, they filter out the waste or impurities in the blood. If they are sick or out of order, they fail to do their work. Pains, aches and rheumatism come from excess of uric acid in the blood, due to neglected kidney trouble. Kidney trouble causes quick or unsteady heart beats, and makes one feel as though they had heart trouble, because the heart is over-working in pumping thick, kidney poisoned blood through veins and arteries. It used to be considered that only urinary troubles were to be traced to the kidneys, but now modern science proves that nearly all constitutional diseases have their beginning in kidney trouble. If you are sick you can make no mistake by first doctoring your kidneys. The mild and the extraordinary effect of Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root, the great kidney remedy is soon realized. It stands the highest for its wonderful cures of the most distressing cases and is sold on its merits by all druggists in fifty-cent and one-dollar sizes. You may have a sample bottle by mail. Home of Swamp-Root, free, also pamphlet telling you how to find out if you have kidney or bladder trouble. Mention this paper when writing Dr. Kilmer & Co., Binghamton, N.Y. OK WEST UNION, IA Ophthalmic Optician, has had phenomenal success in Cretco Decoruh, Fayette, West Union, Elkader, Postville and all Northeastern Iowa. IN THE PAST ELEVEN YEARS. SKILL AND MERIT ALWAYS WIN 107 pairs fitted at Decofah in 1900 152 pairs fitted at Wukon in 1900 142 pairs fitted at Wukon in 1900 22nd Regular Visit to CRESCO, IOWA FROM Mina, lay 2?, 1901, until Friday, May 31. Office in Streeter Building, Parlors. Hours 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. For the past eleven years, Dr. Fink has filled over 9000 pairs of glasses in the two different cities he makes regularly. You see he has eleven years of experience, five, for the present, as he charges nothing for examination of your eyes. NO AGENTS EMPLOYED - THEY TASTE "HSU" 0. M. & ST. P. TIME TABLE GOING EAST, Chicago Passenger and Express 1:20, p.m. 4:20 p.m. Freight for Calmar 8:00 a.m. 8:00 a.m. 11:25 a.m. GOING WEST Passenger for St. Paul, Minneapolis, 4:40 a.m. 12:50 p.m. Freight for Austin 1:30 p.m. 9:50 p.m. Daily except Sunday. Daily for Chicago, tally, except Sunday, for Milwaukee. Daily from Chicago except Sunday. Coupon tickets sold and baggage checked to all points. M.J. A. Kite, Albion NERVOUS WEAKNESS caused by abuse or other excesses and in unnecessary and resulting in exhaustion norvousness, weakness of body and brain, lack of vital power, sleeplessness, depression, and other ailments too SWW TABLETS The I quickly and surely restore IokS Vitality In old or young and fit a man for study, business or marriage. Prevent insanity and Consumption if taken in time. Insist upon having the genuine Ajax Tablets. They have cured thousands and will cure you. We give a positive written guarantee to effect a cure in all cases. Cable. For Sale in Cresco, la., by Lorna & Milz Drug Co., Druggists. TOBACCO SPIT S O E I -T'... Your Life Away! You can be cured of any form of tobacco using easily, be made well, strong, magnetic, full of new life, and vigor by taking MO-TO-BAC, that makes weak men strong. Many gain ten pounds in ten days. Over 800,000 cured. All druggists. Cure guaranteed. Booklet and advice FREE. Address STERLING REMEDY CO., Chicago or New York. 437 Educate Your Bowels With Cascarets. Candy Cathartic, cure constipation forever. We, too, It C.O.C. fail, druggists refund money.
| 49,403 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural%20Ditch%20%28kanal%20sa%20Tinipong%20Bansa%2C%20Montana%29
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Wikipedia
|
Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Agricultural Ditch (kanal sa Tinipong Bansa, Montana)
|
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agricultural Ditch (kanal sa Tinipong Bansa, Montana)&action=history
|
Cebuano
|
Spoken
| 58 | 91 |
Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang Agricultural Ditch.
Kanal ang Agricultural Ditch sa Tinipong Bansa. Ang Agricultural Ditch nahimutang sa kondado sa Madison County ug estado sa Montana, sa sentro nga bahin sa nasod, km sa kasadpan sa ulohang dakbayan Washington, D.C.
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Mga kanal sa Montana (estado)
| 21,018 |
https://github.com/Fiarcherry/EventHelper/blob/master/teams/src/main/java/dialight/teams/mixin/shadow/MixinScoreboard.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
EventHelper
|
Fiarcherry
|
Java
|
Code
| 95 | 477 |
package dialight.teams.mixin.shadow;
import dialight.teams.event.ScoreboardEvent;
import net.minecraft.scoreboard.ScorePlayerTeam;
import net.minecraft.scoreboard.Scoreboard;
import org.spongepowered.api.Sponge;
import org.spongepowered.api.event.Event;
import org.spongepowered.api.scoreboard.Team;
import org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.Mixin;
import org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.Shadow;
import org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.injection.At;
import org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.injection.Inject;
import org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.injection.callback.CallbackInfo;
import org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.injection.callback.CallbackInfoReturnable;
import org.spongepowered.common.mixin.core.entity.player.MixinEntityPlayerMP;
@Mixin(Scoreboard.class)
public abstract class MixinScoreboard {
@Shadow
public abstract ScorePlayerTeam getTeam(String teamName);
@Inject(method = "addPlayerToTeam", at = @At("RETURN"))
protected void onAddPlayer(String player, String newTeam, CallbackInfoReturnable<Boolean> ci) {
if(!ci.getReturnValue()) return;
Team scoreplayerteam = (Team) this.getTeam(newTeam);
Event event = new ScoreboardEvent.TeamMember.Add(scoreplayerteam, player);
Sponge.getEventManager().post(event);
}
@Inject(method = "removePlayerFromTeam", at = @At("RETURN"))
protected void onRemovePlayer(String username, ScorePlayerTeam playerTeam, CallbackInfo ci) {
Event event = new ScoreboardEvent.TeamMember.Remove((Team) playerTeam, username);
Sponge.getEventManager().post(event);
}
}
| 8,766 |
US-89086007-A_2
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USPTO
|
Open Government
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Public Domain
| 2,007 |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 2,183 | 2,513 |
As described above, the examples described by referring to FIGS. 8 and 9 enable the operator to know the information related to a damage to the observation body 19 and an image quality of an image when picking up image by combining parameters corresponding to the current position of the marker 56 before an actual image pickup.
As such, the microscope image pickup systems according to the individual embodiments described for the first and second embodiments are configured to adopt an upright microscope apparatus as the microscope apparatus 1; an inverted microscope apparatus can be adopted instead, however.
Also, the configuration and/or operation of the microscope image pickup system described for the embodiment 1 can be combined with the configuration and/or operation of the microscope image pickup system described for the embodiment 2.
While the present invention has been described in detail so far, the present invention can apparently be improved and modified in various manners possible within the scope thereof, in lieu of being limited by the embodiment described above.
As described above, the present invention is contrived to enable an application of an image process to a picked-up image as an image picked up by adjusting a control item(s) which is(are) an observation state and/or image pickup condition, such as a gain, brightness, exposure time, aperture stop, magnification, for actually operating a microscope image pickup system. Also enabled is a creation of an image by applying such an image process as if the image were picked up by controlling a microscope image pickup system a 1 a simulation, and therefore an operator is enabled to adjust the control item(s) until the completion of setting a complicated control item(s) without illuminating an observation body and pick up a desired image without causing a damage to the observation body as a result of picking up image by controlling to set an internal control item(s) for the microscope image pickup system so as to be able to pick up an image of the same image quality as, or better than, that of the image to which the image process has been applied.
Also provided is a capability to display a list of a plurality of images to which an image process has been applied by combining a plurality of control items, thereby making it possible to enable the operator to comprehend the function of control item(s) and the setup for picking up a desired image visually, thus shortening a work time, improving operability and reducing a load on the operator in great deal.
1. A microscope image pickup system having a microscope apparatus enabled to change an observation state by driving one or more optical members, comprising: an image pickup unit for picking up an image of an observation object; an image process unit for applying an image process to an image picked up by the image pickup unit; an input unit for inputting a process factor of the image process unit; a display unit for displaying an image to which an image process is applied by the image process unit based on the process factor input from the input unit; an observation state detection/setup unit for detecting and setting an observation state of the microscope apparatus; and an image pickup condition detection/setup unit for detecting and setting an image pickup condition of the image pickup unit, wherein an observation state of the microscope apparatus and/or an image pickup condition of the image pickup unit are set up and an image is picked up so as to pick up an image of an image quality being equal to, or better than, that of an image to which an image process is applied on the basis of the process factor input from the input unit.
2. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 1, wherein the process factor is equivalent to a control item of the microscope apparatus and/or that of the image pickup unit.
3. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 1, wherein the image process unit applies an image process by using a plurality of the process factors.
4. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 2, wherein the image process unit applies an image process by using a plurality of the process factors.
5. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 1, wherein the process factor includes either information of a stage, aperture stop, exposure time, gain, magnification, brightness, binning, objective lens, cube unit, light source voltage, ISO sensitivity, color temperature, optical filter.
6. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 2, wherein the process factor includes either information of a stage, aperture stop, exposure time, gain, magnification, brightness, binning, objective lens, cube unit, light source voltage, ISO sensitivity, color temperature, or optical filter.
7. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 3, wherein the process factor includes either information of a stage, aperture stop, exposure time, gain, magnification, brightness, binning, objective lens, cube unit, light source voltage, ISO sensitivity, color temperature, or optical filter.
8. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 4, wherein the process factor includes either information of a stage, aperture stop, exposure time, gain, magnification, brightness, binning, objective lens, cube unit, light source voltage, ISO sensitivity, color temperature, or optical filter.
9. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 1, further comprising an image selection unit for selecting an image from among a plurality of images which is displayed in the display unit and to which an image process is applied by the image process unit, wherein an observation state of the microscope apparatus and/or an image pickup condition of the image pickup unit are set up and an image is picked up so as to pick up an image of an image quality being equal to, or better than, that of an image selected by the image selection unit.
10. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 2, further comprising an image selection unit for selecting an image from among a plurality of images which is displayed in the display unit and to which an image process is applied by the image process unit, wherein an observation state of the microscope apparatus and/or an image pickup condition of the image pickup unit are set up and an image is picked up so as to pick up an image of an image quality being equal to, or better than, that of an image selected by the image selection unit.
11. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 3, further comprising an image selection unit for selecting an image from among a plurality of images which is displayed in the display unit and to which an image process is applied by the image process unit, wherein an observation state of the microscope apparatus and/or an image pickup condition of the image pickup unit are set up and an image is picked up so as to pick up an image of an image quality being equal to, or better than, that of an image selected by the image selection unit.
12. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 4, further comprising an image selection unit for selecting an image from among a plurality of images which is displayed in the display unit and to which an image process is applied by the image process unit, wherein an observation state of the microscope apparatus and/or an image pickup condition of the image pickup unit are set up and an image is picked up so as to pick up an image of an image quality being equal to, or better than, that of an image selected by the image selection unit.
13. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 5, further comprising an image selection unit for selecting an image from among a plurality of images which is displayed in the display unit and to which an image process is applied by the image process unit, wherein an observation state of the microscope apparatus and/or an image pickup condition of the image pickup unit are set up and an image is picked up so as to pick up an image of an image quality being equal to, or better than, that of an image selected by the image selection unit.
14. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 6, further comprising an image selection unit for selecting an image from among a plurality of images which is displayed in the display unit and to which an image process is applied by the image process unit, wherein an observation state of the microscope apparatus and/or an image pickup condition of the image pickup unit are set up and an image is picked up so as to pick up an image of an image quality being equal to, or better than, that of an image selected by the image selection unit.
15. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 7, further comprising an image selection unit for selecting an image from among a plurality of images which is displayed in the display unit and to which an image process is applied by the image process unit, wherein an observation state of the microscope apparatus and/or an image pickup condition of the image pickup unit are set up and an image is picked up so as to pick up an image of an image quality being equal to, or better than, that of an image selected by the image selection unit.
16. The microscope image pickup system according to claim 8, further comprising an image selection unit for selecting an image from among a plurality of images which is displayed in the display unit and to which an image process is applied by the image process unit, wherein an observation state of the microscope apparatus and/or an image pickup condition of the image pickup unit are set up and an image is picked up so as to pick up an image of an image quality being equal to, or better than, that of an image selected by the image selection unit.
17. A microscope image pickup method applied to a microscope image pickup system comprising: a microscope apparatus having a shutter unit for controlling an emission of an illumination light from a light source onto an observation specimen and comprising a drive unit capable of remotely operating each unit; an image pickup unit attached to the microscope apparatus; an image recording unit; an image display unit; an image process unit; an input unit for inputting a process factor of the image process unit; and a control unit connected to the microscope apparatus, wherein the process comprises opening the shutter unit and also pre-picking up image of the observation specimen at an initial setup, closing the shutter unit and also recording the pre-picked up image in the image recording unit, initiating an image process and also determining a process factor which is an image pickup condition for obtaining a desired image, while displaying a pre-picked up image in the image display unit, re-setting up the image pickup unit and microscope apparatus based on the determined process factor, opening the shutter unit and also properly picking up image of the observation specimen, and closing the shutter unit and also recording the properly picked-up image in the image recording unit.
18. The microscope image pickup method according to claim 17, wherein the process factor of the image process unit includes either information of a stage, aperture stop, exposure time, gain, magnification, brightness, binning, objective lens, cube unit, light source voltage, ISO sensitivity, color temperature, or optical filter.
19. The microscope image pickup method according to claim 17, wherein the image display unit comprises a graphical user interface (GUI) constituted by an image display unit and by an input unit.
20. A computer readable recording medium recording a control program for making a computer execute a microscope image pickup method applied to a microscope image pickup system comprising: a microscope apparatus having a shutter unit for controlling an emission of an illumination light from a light source onto an observation specimen and comprising a drive unit capable of remotely operating each unit; an image pickup unit attached to the microscope apparatus; an image recording unit; an image display unit an image process unit; an input unit for inputting a process factor of the image process unit; and a control unit connected to the microscope apparatus, wherein the microscope image pickup process comprises opening the shutter unit and also pre-picking up image of the observation specimen at an initial setup, closing the shutter unit and also recording the pre-picked up image in the image recording unit, initiating an image process and also determining a process factor which is an image pickup condition for obtaining a desired image, while displaying a pre-picked up image in the image display unit, re-setting up the image pickup unit and microscope apparatus based on the determined process factor, opening the shutter unit and also properly picking up image of the observation specimen, and closing the shutter unit and also recording the properly picked-up image in the image recording unit..
| 46,097 |
eWYbxSP8Vp8_1
|
Youtube-Commons
|
Open Web
|
CC-By
| null |
Accountant Client Privilege | Work Paper and Confidential Client Information Rule
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 1,561 | 1,843 |
Hello and welcome to the session in which we would look at few topics that are covered on the CPA exam, such as the accountant client privilege, the work papers, and the confidentiality rule between the accountant and the client. Before I start, I would like to remind you that if you are studying for your CPA exam, I strongly suggest you check out my website, rhatlectures.com. I don't replace your CPA review course. I can be a useful addition. I can add 10 to 15 points to your CPA exam score by explaining the material differently. No better, no less than your CPA review course. I can give you this alternative explanation, another option in addition to your CPA review course. Your risk is one month of subscription. Simply put, I can supplement. I can be the vitamin pill for your CPA course. Your potential gain is pass in the exam. And if not for anything, check out my website to find out how well your university doing or not doing on the CPA exam. I do have resources for other accounting and CPA sections. Please connect with me on LinkedIn and take a look at my LinkedIn recommendation. Students that already used my system to pass the exam, please like my YouTube, connect with me on Instagram and Facebook. So let's talk about the account and client privilege. And specifically, we're going to start by looking at the federal regulation or federal law. So what is the privilege, privilege communication? For example, we have an attorney, attorney, client privilege. For example, Saul right here, whatever you tell Saul, your lawyer, better call Saul from the show. They cannot testify against you. They cannot reveal this information. Why? Because you have this, we have this privilege. Now, you have to understand up front, there's no accounting client privilege. So the communication between the client and the accountant cannot be privileged. Simply put, you are not trying to protect the client. For example, the lawyer is trying to protect the client. You are not. Your job is to be neutral objective, prepare the financial statement according to the IRS rules or according to gap. So you're not really protecting the client. You are following rules and regulations versus an attorney that they will need that client privilege for sure. Okay. So if you are giving tax advice, and that tax advice is being given by a tax practitioner. So it's a tax advice and given by a tax practitioner. It means they have some sort of a license like a CPA, an attorney, enrolled agent or enrolled actuary. Then confidentiality privilege exists. Confidentiality privilege exists. Okay. The privilege is available in the following matter. If there is a civil cases. Okay. It means something to do with the internal revenue code and the penalty is monetary and federal court against the US government. The privilege apply, again, only to advice on legal issues. Okay. You have some sort of a confidentiality privilege for tax advice. Okay. Now, the privilege does not apply. This privilege does not apply to criminal tax matter. So remember, here we're talking about criminal. Once we come to criminal, if it applies, then it's you're acting like a lawyer. You're not a lawyer. If it's criminal tax matter, you cannot say the information is confidential. Okay. The private civil matter, private civil civil matter and disclosure to other federal regulatory bodies or state and local matters under those circumstances, you can throw out that confidentiality privilege that we talked about. Okay. Now, for tax shelters and reportable transaction and again criminal case, I mentioned the criminal case twice, privilege does not exist. This confidentiality privilege don't exist. Remember the reportable transactions, which are listed transaction transaction that the US Treasury believe they are either tax avoidance or tax evasion. And under those circumstances, you cannot say that information is confidential. Okay. Now, there's an exception for this. If an accountant is hired by an attorney, simply put, if soul, the lawyer, better called soul, hired an accountant to provide legal services for the case, then the client accountant client privilege will exist. But remember, the client now is the accountant. Okay. Now you have live lawyer client, the client is the accountant and the lawyer, you're hired to work for the lawyer. Therefore, everything that you do is is following the lawyer. Therefore, if you are preparing for any litigation, it is that information is privileged that information is privileged. Okay. However, sir, now, now we talked here about federal law in some states and minority of states around 15 states. There is an accountant client privilege, you know, obviously, certain low accountant lobbied and in 15 states that were able to get this privilege, but only in in a minority of states and we have to understand how these privileges work. I mean, because each state is differently, but you need to know a few things about the accountant client privilege under the state law. The privilege is to serve the client, not the accountant. So the privilege is to for the purpose of the client that obviously the client can waive the privilege if they want to because you're trying to protect them it's for their interests. And if any part of the privilege is disclosed simply put it's a total privilege or none. So if part of the privilege is disclosed by either party the accountant or the client, the privilege is completely lost you cannot no longer claim that's a privilege. Okay. Only state court not in federal court also you could be in a state, but you are standing in front of a federal judge, then this does not exist the accountant privilege under the state law don't exist because you are testifying in front of a federal judge work papers what are the work papers work papers are confidential you have that this is that this is the paper this is the accountant work to support any procedures perform evidence obtained in conclusion reach like for example when we do audit. We have we have the work paper to support the evidence. Now, those are confidential. Those are the property of the accountant those you know section a section B where we prepare Excel sheets and schedules and in the list of account receivable subsidiary ledgers so on and so forth. Those are our working papers. Now accountant is prohibited from showing the work papers except again there's always this except there is a subpoena by the court then you have to show it. It's to prospective buyer of the CPA practice let's assume someone is trying to buy the firm. They want to take a look at you know what business you have because they want to evaluate the business you can show them this but you have to block out confidential information maybe the name the social security of the client and their addresses. If you are in a defense of a lawsuit brought by a client. Okay. And I CPA or a state trial board to be used in defense of an official investigation or if gap requires it for disclosure of financial statement purposes so just know make sure you know the exceptions and you need to know the rules for If you are dealing in a non public company private company for dealing with companies you have to follow the state's status of limitation on legal action and defer from state to state for public companies you want to keep those record for at least seven years. Now we need to talk about the confidential client information rule. Well, guess what you owe a duty of confidentiality to your client per the AI CPA. Okay, simply put you must not disclose confidential information without the client consent actually there's a penalty if you do so. Okay, unless again there's always exception to the general rule exceptions disclosure for gap purposes you're okay with that subpoena by the court Basically, you are either being forced by the government or you are being forced by FASB accounting rules or the court peer review. For example, another CPA for a CPA firm is reviewing your work paper for peer review then that's fine. And within the firm itself on a need basis for example another person and the firm another partner, another tax preparer they will need the paperwork. For example, the K1 to prepare the income tax and you can that's fine you can reveal this information give it to them. Once again at the end of this recording I would like to remind you that if you are a CPA candidate or what I'm asking you is to try my alternative explanation alternative resources multiple choice through false that's going to help you prepare for the exam. Okay, it's only for a for a month right out how much are you going to lose one month worth of subscription. The potential gain is passed in the exam. That's the potential game and I set up my my my recordings to mirror your course. So it's very easy for you to kind of find out what am I looking for. I set up the course the same way so it's easy for you. Check out for lectures calm.
| 25,297 |
https://github.com/maru2020/RtkGps/blob/master/src/gpsplus/rtkgps/utils/ublox/Message.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-2-Clause
| 2,022 |
RtkGps
|
maru2020
|
Java
|
Code
| 709 | 2,200 |
package gpsplus.rtkgps.utils.ublox;
public class Message {
private static final int PAYLOAD_POS = 6;
private static final int SIZE_POS = 4;
public static final byte SYNC0 = (byte)-75;
public static final byte SYNC1 = (byte)98;
private static final byte[] HEADER = new byte[]{SYNC0, SYNC1};
private byte mMessageClass;
private byte mMessageId;
private byte[] mPayload;
public Message() {
}
public static boolean IsChecksumOK(byte[] message, int length) {
int ck_A = 0;
int ck_B = 0;
int i;
for (i=2; i<length - 2;i++)
{
ck_A = ck_A + message[i];
ck_B = ck_B + ck_A;
}
ck_A = ck_A & 0xFF;
ck_B = ck_B & 0xFF;
if ( ((message[length-2] & 0xFF)==ck_A) && ((message[length-1] & 0xFF)==ck_B)){
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
}
public static void buildChecksum(byte[] var0, int var1) {
for(int var2 = 2; var2 < var1 - 2; ++var2) {
int var3 = var1 - 2;
var0[var3] += var0[var2];
var3 = var1 - 1;
var0[var3] += var0[var1 - 2];
}
}
private static byte[] createMessage(byte var0, byte var1, byte[] var2) {
byte[] var3 = createMsgBuffer(var0, var1, var2.length);
System.arraycopy(var2, 0, var3, 6, var2.length);
buildChecksum(var3, var3.length);
return var3;
}
private static byte[] createMsgBuffer(byte var0, byte var1, int var2) {
byte[] var3 = new byte[HEADER.length + 2 + 2 + var2 + 2];
var3[0] = SYNC0;
var3[1] = SYNC1;
var3[2] = var0;
var3[3] = var1;
var3[4] = (byte)var2;
return var3;
}
/*
cold start: B5 62 06 04 04 00 FF FF 02 00 0E 61
warm start: B5 62 06 04 04 00 01 00 02 00 11 6C
hot start: B5 62 06 04 04 00 00 00 02 00 10 68
*/
public static byte[] coldStart() {
return createMessage((byte)6, (byte)4, new byte[]{(byte)0xFF, (byte)0xFF, 2, 0});
}
public static byte[] warmStart() {
return createMessage((byte)6, (byte)4, new byte[]{(byte)1, (byte)0, 2, 0});
}
public static byte[] hotStart() {
return createMessage((byte)6, (byte)4, new byte[]{(byte)0, (byte)0, 2, 0});
}
public static byte[] enableSbas() {
return createMessage((byte)6, (byte)22, new byte[]{1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0});
}
public static byte[] enableSbasCorrection() {
return createMessage((byte)6, (byte)22, new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0});
}
private static byte[] getEmptyMsg(byte var0, byte var1) {
byte[] var2 = new byte[]{SYNC0, SYNC1, var0, var1, 0, 0, 0, 0};
buildChecksum(var2, var2.length);
return var2;
}
public static byte[] getGnssConfig() {
return getEmptyMsg((byte)6, (byte)62);
}
public static byte[] getMeasurementRate() {
return getEmptyMsg((byte)6, (byte)8);
}
public static byte[] getNavEngineConfig() {
return getEmptyMsg((byte)6, (byte)36);
}
public static byte[] getNmeaConfig() {
return getEmptyMsg((byte)6, (byte)23);
}
public static byte[] getPortConfig() {
return getEmptyMsg((byte)6, (byte)0);
}
public static byte[] getSbasConfig() {
return getEmptyMsg((byte)6, (byte)22);
}
public static byte[] getSoftwareVersion() {
return getEmptyMsg((byte)10, (byte)4);
}
public static byte[] pollAidHui() {
return getEmptyMsg((byte)11, (byte)2);
}
public static byte[] setUbloxDynamicMode(Message.DynModel var0) {
byte[] var1 = new byte[]{-1, -1, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 16, 39, 0, 0, 5, 0, -6, 0, -6, 0, 100, 0, 94, 1, 0, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, -56, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
var1[2] = var0.mVal;
return createMessage((byte)6, (byte)36, var1);
}
public static byte[] setMeasurementRate(int var0) {
byte[] var1 = new byte[]{SYNC0, SYNC1, 6, 8, 6, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0};
writeU2(var1, 6, var0);
buildChecksum(var1, var1.length);
return var1;
}
public static byte[] setMessageRate(byte var0, byte var1, byte var2) {
byte[] var3 = new byte[]{SYNC0, SYNC1, 6, 1, 3, 0, var0, var1, var2, 0, 0};
buildChecksum(var3, var3.length);
return var3;
}
public static byte[] setNmeaMessageRate(Message.NmeaMsg var0, byte var1) {
return setMessageRate((byte)-16, var0.mId, var1);
}
private static void writeU2(byte[] var0, int var1, int var2) {
var0[var1] = (byte)(('\uff00' & var2) >> 8);
var0[var1 + 1] = (byte)(var2 & 255);
}
public static enum DynModel {
AIRBORANE4g(8),
AIRBORNE1g(6),
AIRBORNE2g(7),
AUTOMOTIVE(4),
PEDESTRIAN(3),
STATIONARY(0),
SEA(5),
PORTABLE(1);
private final byte mVal;
private DynModel(int model) {
this.mVal = (byte) model;
}
public byte getModel() {
return mVal;
}
public static DynModel getModel(int modelCole) {
switch (modelCole) {
case 0:
return DynModel.PORTABLE;
case 1:
return DynModel.STATIONARY;
case 3:
return DynModel.PEDESTRIAN;
case 4:
return DynModel.AUTOMOTIVE;
case 6:
return DynModel.AIRBORNE1g;
case 7:
return DynModel.AIRBORNE2g;
case 8:
return DynModel.AIRBORANE4g;
}
return DynModel.STATIONARY;
}
}
public static enum NmeaMsg {
DTM(10),
GBQ(68),
GBS(9),
GGA(0),
GLL(1),
GLQ(67),
GNQ(66),
GNS(13),
GPQ(64),
GRS(6),
GSA(2),
GST(7),
GSV(3),
RMC(4),
TXT(65),
VLW(15),
VTG(5),
ZDA(8);
private final byte mId;
private NmeaMsg(int var3) {
this.mId = (byte)var3;
}
}
}
| 29,006 |
fatamorganaarom01castgoog_8
|
US-PD-Books
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,904 |
Fata Morgana; a romance of art student life in Paris
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,691 | 10,589 |
**You mean a house in the country?" grand 'mire said. ''What house?'' No house," Mme. BiQois answered. Not in the open air, I suppose?" Exactly; in the open air!" The effect which Mme. Rigois had missed with **the fields" was produced by her **open air." **Is it possible!" grand 'mJre said, as she let her knit- ting fall. ' * People as rich as that sleep out of doors ? ' ' ' * Rich ! ' ' observed Mme. Rigois. * ' They could buy the town and turn it into wheat-fields !" ' * Then they must be crazy ! ' ' *'For that matter," Mme. Rigois went on, '*when I say that they sleep out of doors— ' ' "Do tell us— you 're laughing at us!" **No, no! Let me explain. They are going to sleep out of doors, but under tents— camping out, they call it in America. I know all about it. My husband has been in correspondence with the Rowrers and has had all the arrangements to make. The Comtesse de Donjeon asked them to come to her ch&teau for the summer. Miss Row- rer simply begged the comtesse to put at her disposal a comer of her estate, the most deserted and the most picturesque. She has taken the part she wished and set up her camp in it. She wanted to have it a surprise, and that is why I kept it a secret. It seems that camping out is delightful and Miss Rowrer intends starting the fashion of it in France." TEUFF-TEUFF! TEUFF! BRRR! 281 it Poor Prance ! ' ' grand 'mere exclaimed. * * We needed only that ! It 's just like the automobiles. I 'd rather be dragged about all my life in a cripple's go-cart than get into one/' **Not I!" said Yvonne. **I should love going in an auto!" ** Yvonne I" expostulated grand 'mere. Yvonne was silent, but thought, all the same, how de- lightful it would be to go here and there in the country and live under one's tent, by the bank of the river, along with Ethel. She listened absently to the remainder of the conversation, and looked far away at the highroad, golden with dust and with the green grass beside it. Grand 'mfere took up the discourse. ''What is camping out, anyway?" ' * Oh, it 's all very simple, ' ' Mme. Rigois answered. ' * I have heard my husband talking about it." "And I have heard Miss Ethel," said Yvonne. *'She describes it so well !" **But explain it to me," grand 'mfere said. They gave her an explanation, in all its details, of camping out and summer touring and fishing, of chape- rons and boys and girls. *'What!" grand 'mere cried, ** young men and young girls go camping out like that in the woods for weeks together, simply accompanied by a chaperon, and you consider that proper?" ^^Ma foi, yes," said Mme. Rigois. "I should have been • delighted with anything of the kind." Yvonne kept silence, but she asked herself what harm there could be in walking through the country with 282 FATA MORGANA Monsieur Will or Monsieur Phil. Miss Ethel did it- why should not shef '*So that is what you call progress," grand 'mere ob- served. **Milliardaires making their horses travel by express train and lodging them at the hotel, while they themselves wander along the highroads and sleep out of doors like vagabonds— you must acknowledge it does not sound well!" ''Perhaps you like that kind of thing better," Mme. RiQois retorted, pointing to the place. An omnibus was driving up from the station, loaded with trunks and packages, with its horses prancing heav- ily. A traveler, with a single glass in his eye, was look- ing out. The emotion aroused by the auto had scarcely calmed down. People were standing in the place in front of the hotel, which the last of the Rowrers' horses had just entered. A few curious faces were still to be seen at the windows. The traveler, evidently thinking that all this was in his honor, bowed all around in his satisfaction at their welcome. As he got out of the omnibus at the Lion d'Or, amiable smiles were awaiting him— a polite- ness which he repaid with a nod, as if to say, ''Greatly flattered, believe me!" "Him I recognize," said Yvonne. "I saw him two or three times in Paris. That is M. Caracal." But grand 'mere no longer listened. She had returned to her knitting. The place no longer interested her ; too many people were passing there. All this movement annoyed her. Why do not people stay at home ? Mean- while Caracal's manoeuvers were amusing Yvonne. TEUPP-TEUFFI TEUFP! BRRR! 283 *'Poor M. Caracal,'* she thought; ''there he is, politely bowing to every one. Really, he seems persuaded that they Ve all come out to welcome him ! If he knew that it was all for horses and an auto, his vanity as a writer would be wounded." Yvonne sympathized with him, but she could not help being amused at the sight of Caracal jumping about like a puppet, giving orders about his trunks, and at last, when the crowd had seen enough of him, entering the Lion d'Or behind the Rowrers' horses. CHAPTER II IN CAHP GRAND 'MtlRE de Grojean was talking about - camping out, with many an ^'esi-ce possible!'' and ^^ Grand Dieul" and Mademoiselle Yvonne was looking at the dust in the distance, while Miss Rowrer and grandma were already inspecting their camping- ground. How well off we shall be here, Ethel T' grandma said. What a capital idea ! We shall breathe freely and, in spite of being in an old country, we shall have new experiences. I like new things!" It was in full- July. For several weeks Miss Rowrer had had the intention of quitting Paris. First of all, it was hot, and there was nothing to see, now that the Grand Prix race had been run. Besides, the national holiday of the Fourteenth of July was drawing near, and then the sovereign people dance and eat and drink in the street, which is really too common! ' ' Let us hurry away ! ' ' Miss Rowrer said. * ' Let us not take back to America a bad opinion of France. We must not judge it by Paris. Let us go and see France at home —away from dust and dances and noise, away from punch d'indignation. The countess has invited us to 284 IN CAMP 285 pass the summer in her chateau; with her leave, we '11 pass it in her park. Let me arrange it." Miss Rowrer had chosen a hill from which you could see the whole country-side. Then she sent for a house- furnisher, told him her plans, saying: *'I want this— and this— and this." The tradesman remonstrated: **But, mademoiselle, that is never done!" She finished by making him understand, all the same, by dint of repeat- ing, ' * I wish this ! and this ! and this ! " At last, without any one knowing it except M. Bigois, who paid the bills, the camp was set up. Several square tents, with a flooring of boards, had been raised amid the trees. When the door-flaps were drawn back, Japanese mats were to be seen, and, behind dainty screens, little brass bedsteads and rocking-chairs and toilet furniture. The tent for Will and Phil had its beds concealed under Algerian rugs, which made lounges for the day- time. It served as a smoking-room for the dining-tent, which wais set up alongside very simply, with an abun- dance of flowers in rustic vases. Farther back, hidden in the shrubbery, were the kitchen and oflSces. Near by there was an inmiense water-butt, ingeniously made to furnish each tent with an inexhaustible supply of fresh water. There was also a tent for the auto and for the saddle-horses, when needed. * * It is perfect, Ethel ! ' ' grandma said, looking around. ' ' I am well pleased with it, my dear grandma, ' ' Ethel acknowledged. '*It is not as good as Tent City, on Coronado Beach at San Diego," she added, laughing, "but we shaU be more at home here and the view is 286 FATA MORGANA superb. How do you find it, Philf • Will, are you pleased?" And she waved her hand to the horizon. Prom their hilltop, across the river which wound be- low, they saw an immense plain. Its calm beauty im- pressed Ethel, fresh from noisy Paris. Prance had never seemed so large to her. Among the trees there were bell-towers rising above red roofs, and here and there high factory-chimneys crested with smoke. It was 'Hhe province," wide and active and silent. In the distance, fields stretched away to the horizon. It was like an immense sea, with waves forever motion- less. Wagons moved across it and boats glided along the waters of the river, and on the roads and in the fields members of the human ant-hill were stirring everywhere. **It is beautiful," Phil said, "and I am grateful to you for having invited me. Here I shall paint from nature, and you. Miss Rowrer, ought to do delightful water-colors. ' ' ''What do you think of my landscape. Will?" Ethel asked her brother, who was examining the auto. '*It 's all right— there 's something wrong with my carbureter," answered Will. **I '11 have to see to it at once. I'll look at the landscape later." ' ' That 's just like Will ! ' ' Ethel remarked. * ' You talk landscape to him and he answers with carbureters and floaters and all the rest. If you only listened to him you 'd think him the most earth-bound of mechanicians. And in his heart he is a poet— yes, a poet! He has a little blue flower in his heart ; perhaps it 's a forget-me- not!" ''The dinner-bell is ringing," observed Will. IN CAMP 287 **Well, let 's to table !" Ethel said. ''There 's nothing like forty miles an hour to give one an appetite." The dinner was delicious. There were the country dishes— soupe blanchie, artichokes and beans, an eel in bouillon, stewed chicken and a salad, an ice and the frit- ters of the province. The middle of the table was deco- rated with a magnificent bouquet of roses, while all around were wild flowers of the fields. The cook hired by Mme. Rigois had done things well,— too well, indeed. Over and above the flowers, the table was furnished with as many bottles as in an inn. "Take away those bottles of wine that litter up the table, ' ' Ethel said to the valet. ''But, mademoiselle, what are you going to drink f asked the cook, who was standing near. "We shall drink water— with ice in it/' "Water— with ice!'' "At every meal," Miss Rowrer added. "But after your ice-cream— to warm up the stom- achf" "Ice-water !" said Ethel. Over the cook's face there crept an expression of terror and pity. To console her, Ethel complimented her cookery, but the smile had vanished from the good woman's lips until they asked her recipe for the fritters. "I '11 take it back to Chicago with me, ' ' said grandma. "We '11 give a german, and we '11 have pastry just like that on the sideboard. It will be a novelty." Ethel, after the meal, pretended to light a cigarette, to put the men at their ease. Will picked out a cigar, and Phil, who patterned himself after Miss Rowrer, took 15 288 FATA MORGANA a whiflf at a cigarette and threw it away. Then he picked up his banjo. '*Play us the 'Arkansaw Traveler'!'' grandma asked. **The very turn of the tune makes me wish to dance." Ethel spoke up: ''What if we should map out our time for the two months we are to spend heref We have, first, the invitation from the countess and her friends— there are a raUye-paper and a chasse d courre,'' *'The hunt is much later— a few days before we leave for Morgania," observed Will. *'The good duke!" said Ethel; ''it seems things are not going at all well in his country. Who knows! By the time we get to Morgania there may be neither duke nor duchy!" **I 'd rather be a trapper in the far West than a duke in such a country," said grandma. ' ' As f or me, ' ' said Phil, stopping short the * ' Arkansaw Traveler," which he had been strumming lightly, **my picture is already there and I must put it up and retouch it on the spot. I shall go, whatever happens." '* Bravo!" Ethel answered. '* 'Whatever happens'! That 's talking! One ought to know what one has to do, and then do it, whatever happens ! But that has nothing to do with our camp," she went on, as she poured out a lemon squash. We must see the Grojeans. I do hope dear Yvonne will come and sketch with me; and we must visit the country fair,— they tell me it is •very curious. And then there will be our excursions, and photographs for our albums; and I must take a good deal of exercise. There are so many things to see that we shall have no time to bore ourselves." IN CAMP 289 The next day they completed the setting up of the camp. Ethel christened it ''Camp Bosemont/' looked over it with the eye of the master, and arranged everything for the meals. She had a flag-pole planted for the Stars and Stripes. The rumor ran through the country that circus people had come and were camp- ing under a tent in the open. Curious villagers came and looked on from a distance, stretching out their necks. ''Let the children come!" Ethel said. She stuffed them with sweetmeats, spreading bread and butter with jelly for them with her own hands. The little girls amused her most, with their braided hair and simple gowns and little wooden shoes. She met an inborn polite- ness in them-the refinement of ancient days ; they cur^ sied to her. "You 'd say they were fresh from the company of princesses," was Ethel's appreciation. True enough, their games, the volant, the graces, the dancing in a round, and the songs, in which they spoke of ladies and princes and knights, all told of the olden time of joust and tournament. "How nice you all are," Ethel said to them. "Will you come often f You are not afraid of me f " ' ' Oh, no, mademoiselle ! ' ' "Bring your little playmates. I shall always have cakes for you." ' ' Oh, no, mademoiselle ! ' ' "What! You do not wish to eat my cakes?" "Oh, not every day! Our parents would scold us! But you can tell us nice stories, and then you might give it 290 FATA MORGANA us tickets for the circus. Tou must look pretty when you go riding horseback." '*So you think I 'm a circus-rider ?" ''That 's what people say." '*Well, they are mistaken. I am,— I am"— Ethel did not find it easy to say just what she was. She could not say, ''I am a painter," or, *' I am a musician." So she contented herself with saying, '^I am an Amer- ican!" ** America— that is a country. Is it farther than Paris?" Oh, yes!" My papa has a machine to mow hay which eomes from Chicago. Is that a city? Is it as big as the city yonder!" ''It is as big as all that!" Ethel said, opening her arms to the boundless horizon. "And three times as high as the tallest tree." "My papa has been in Buenos Aires. Perhaps you saw him there?" "Never." "You were never bitten by serpents?" "Never." "Does everybody in your country sleep under tents as you do?" " No ; but in big, big houses. ' ' "That must be fine." "I '11 show you pictures, children, and tell you stories of my country and pretty stories of yours, too. Do you love your country very much?" "France? Oh, yes!" Ethel and the Little Peasant Girla IN CAMP 293 *'You are right, darlings, and I love it also. It is a beautiful country, which we all love in America. But we sha'n't be friends any longer if you won't eat my cakes. ' ' **0h, yes, mademoiselle!'' Ringing laughter followed, and they ate the cakes, and there were games, and dances in which there was some- thing of the majestic minuet and something of the light gavotte. **It does me good to see how happy they are," Ethel said to herself. **0h, how I should like to have all the world happy forever!" They were to visit the Grojeans later, when everything should be finished at the camp. The countess had not yet arrived at her chateau, and Ethel profited by this to explore the country round about. Phil and Will, and even Caracal, who was living at the hotel, from time to time accompanied them. They made sketches and water- colors and talked over their impressions. In her walks Ethel wore a gray serge skirt adorned with large plaits, a bolero of the same stuff edged with white, silk shirt- waist, and a white straw hat ; and with that she went up hill and down dale with the readiness of a college boy. They saw Prance at home. The endless parceling out of properties and labor astonished them. Every one was half peasant and half workman, and had his own house and fields and vineyards. Thanks to the spirit of saving, want was unknown ; and the variety of work made any- thing like a dead season impossible. When the work- shop closed its doors, the workman took up his spade and cultivated his garden. 294 FATA MORGANA *'I had no idea of anything like this," Will said, with deep interest. What a rest for him, who had just left Chicago and the business strife, to find himself in the open country, where everything smiled around him ! Sometimes they met a wedding-party on the way— the bride in white, the groom in black, the old men in their blouses. A fiddler, the village barber, marched at the head, scraping out airs of the good old time. They talked with housewives who were twirling their spindles on the threshold. They were asked to enter, and saw the great chimney with its fire-dogs, on which the soup was heating, and the dresser with its colored crock- ery shining in the shadow. Chickens pecked at their feet. When Phil and Will sat down at the old oaken table to taste the piquette (light wine) a familiar mag- pie perched on their shoulders and asked its share. Issuing forth, they met the ** priest-eater" of the vil- lage offering a pinch of snuff to Monsieur le Cur6. Boys were coming back from school, shouting and rattling military marches on imaginary drums. For the girls were dancing and the boys playing their soldier-games, just as in the days of yore, when only the brave deserved the fair. On the village signs, names and trades bore witness to the antiquity of the race and the power of its traditions. *'What dignity there is in this people!" Ethel said to Will. **See the old goodman there, with his spade on his shoulder, how he saluted us as he passed by. Our people would think it servility, but it is far from that; it is like the refined greeting of a marquis who does the honors of his land." IN CAMP 296 Will thought long over this. All these villages were the same now as they had been in other days. They had always been the refuge of simple ideas, and brave hearts had been bom and had died in them, content to consider the smoke of the horizon only from afar. These lowly lives had passed between the old church and the little cemetery on the hill, with its cypresses among the tombs. **Yes, here we breathe to the full filial piety and the reverence of forefathers,'' Ethel said. ''There is something good in all that, you know. You are right, M. Caracal, to prepare a romance on this country life. It 's a beautiful subject and full of striking pictures. Look at that village before us, with its gardens cut by a network of hedges and walls, and at the roofs pressed one against the other as if they were afraid of the hori- zon, and the smoke mounting straight up to the sky. " ''But all that smells of the stable," Caracal murmured, "the country— powafe/'' "It doesn't smell so strong as your Montmartre caf6s," Phil whispered in his ear. For his part, Phil was living strange days. The valley and hill and the woods he looked at mechanically, think- ing of Miss Rowrer the while. The deep charm of the young woman possessed him more and more; he no longer tried to resist it. She had taken possession of him without knowing it. Her mind was large, cosmopolitan, human. All Phil's happiness was now in being at her disposition, in living near her, and seeing and hearing her. He felt that he grew morally in her presence, and he was more in love with her soul than with her beauty. When he walked through the country with her, he fan- 296 FATA MORGANA cied that Columbia herself was at his side, explaining France to him. The feeling of his littleness in her presence gave him pain. He could not imagine himself letting her know what he felt, either by word or gesture— he would never dare. She was too immensely rich. Ah ! if he only could, he would give all the riches of the world that she might be poor! It was especially when evening came, with its melan- choly, that such thoughts arose in him. One night, after dinner, Phil, to please grandma, took his banjo and played the '^Arkansaw Traveler.-' The perfume of roses filled the tent, which was lighted dimly. The raised canvas showed a cloudless sky ; the stars were rising and the crystal notes of the banjo were lost in the great silence. ''What a beautiful night!" said Ethel, "and how calm ! It is like the infinite." ''But what are we in it all?" said Phil. "In a hun- dred years nothing of all this will remain; a new man- kind will take the place of our own. We count no more than the flower or the drop of water." "No," Miss Rowrer answered; "I am more than a drop of water, and more than a blade of grass. How, Phil, can you speak that wayf As for me, there are times when I feel myself the equal of the whole world. ' ' "Miss Rowrer," said Phil, "the whole world itself is nothing to the infinite." "And I say," replied the young girl, "that the end and aim of this whole boundless universe is the produc- tion and development of the soul, or, if you prefer it Pliil Listening to Ethel m CAliP 299 that way, of consciousness in man's perishable body. How do you know that Alfred Bussel Wallace is not right when he supposes the earth to be the center of the universe! The Bible always said so* What if science should prove itf *' Frankly, now," remarked Will, who was smoking a bad cigar (and yet the brand bore his name—it was enough to disgust one with earthly grandeur) ** frankly now, Ethel, can you suppose these little creatures that we are—" **But I will not be a little- creature!" cried Ethel. **The telescope seems to show that there is no such thing as an infinity of suns. Limited as they must be in number, they only form what is called a globular ag- glomeration, concentric with the Milky Way. I read that the other day. Our solar system is in the center of this agglomeration and so in the center of the Milky Way, which we see around us like a circle. And beyond, there is, perhaps, nothing at all. Our solar system is, then, in the center of the material universe ; and this earth of ours —that which is nothing to the infinite, according to Phil— on the contrary, occupies so privileged a place near its central sun that here only, it is probable, life can have been developed and man created, and so the whole universe must have its fulfilment in us! What do you think of such a theory 1 I had rather believe that than be only a flower or a drop of water," Ethel concluded, as she arose. From his comer in the shadow Phil saw her, in the full light of the lamp, standing out luminous against the dark horizon as if mingled with the stars. He admired her 300 FATA MORGANA superb self-confidence— why should he doubt himself T He vowed that before their departure for Morgania he would let Miss Rowrer know his feelings for her. Per- haps she suspected them a little. No matter, he would tell her ! As an extreme limit, so much did he feel the need of binding himself, he fixed the time for his decla- ration at the stag hunt. CHAPTER III GRAND 'm&BE versus GRANDMA THOUGHT the Grojeans were absent—their house has been all the time shut up," Caracal said to Ethel; "but I caught sight of them yesterday. They must be back. ' ' *'We '11 go to-day and invite them to tennis," Ethel said, **It will give so much pleasure to Mademoiselle Yvonne— and perhaps Will might be glad to see her again," Ethel added to herself. In the afternoon the auto, in all its splendor, flew along the way to the home of the Grojeans. Caracal was delighted. Miss Rowrer had been very gracious to him. He would have gone oftener to Camp Bosemont, but he had been content to shine from afar on account of the drafts and mosquitos under the ac- cursed tents. He kept to his lodgings at the Lion d'Or, a little inn full of flies and smelling of cabbage-soup. ''What a beautiful road this is!". Ethel observed. ''You would say it was an avenue in a park, every- thing has such a refined air, so prinked and pretty, with its flowers set here and there!" Every one was impressed by the gardens of flowers and the finished, distinguished look of everjrthing. Will 301 302 FATA MORGANA had the deepest enjoyment of it. His head may have been full of business, he may have handled his millions in his sleep, but he felt himself taken by this provincial charm. His love for it was the love of that which con- trasts with one's self. When he saw the hills crowned with oak and the inclosures bordered with roses, the variegated fields alive with vine and corn, a sweet country and a strong one, whose people greeted him with smiles, he seemed to forget all care, to be reading a poem. ''Will," Ethel remarked, ''is in love with Prance." Caracal kept his impressions to himself. A loftier anxiety was weighing on him : "The House of Glass" was about to appear. It was a thunderbolt which would soon burst and he would be famous ; and, after the town, the country should have its turn ! His work should be the life-encyclopedia of our day. He already had notes on the mosquitos, remarks on the grunting of pigs in their sties and the smells of the manure-heap. His novel would begin well. "Tell me, M. Caracal," Ethel chanced to ask just as he was thinking of all this, "have you found a title for your novel on country life which we were talk- ing about the other dayf " "I am hunting for one, Miss Rowrer," answered Ca- racal. "I hope every one will be allowed to read it, even young girls," she went on. Ah—" Caracal interrupted. Good!" Ethel said, "why should unpleasai^t things be written! Very dirty things some authors write, so (< a GBAND'MftRE VERSUS GRANDMA 303 I hear it said. I don't understand this fouling of one's own nest." Caracal hid his chagrin. To him a novel for the ''young person''— a ** proper" novel— was the lowest term of contempt. No, his would not be a rose-colored ro- mance ; it would be something that had been lived, thrill- ing with human passion, bleeding and fierce, even if it smelled of the stable and dung-hill— ah!— and he turned his Mephistophelian eye-glass toward the horizon. A writer for young persons ! The indignation which dictated his verses to Juvenal made Caracal find a title for his romance. '*Let 's see," he thought. '*In fact, what title shall I give itT It must be something sugges- tive. For the city I have 'The House of Glass'; would 'The Pigsty' do for the country! No, they 'd say it was a treatise on breeding. 'The Rose on the Dung-Hill 't No, they 'd say it was poetry. 'Dung-Hill' alone is too short. 'Worms from the Dung-Hill'— that's the thing! comparing the country to a vast manure-heap with worms crawling through it." Secretly satisfied with this stroke of his genius. Caracal rubbed his hands. As they drew near the town, the houses, scattered at first and amid gardens, became more numerous. The camping-party now jolted over the "King's Pavement." At a distance, above the low roofs, the spires of a church were seen. All at once they came out in the place where a few days before, through the blinds, when the sun-foun- tain marked four o'clock, the Grojeans had watched their passing by. "The Grojean house t" A person standing near 304 FATA MORGANA answered their inquiry: "It i3 the great doorway beyond there opening on the place." Brrr ! and the auto was in front of the house. There was a great door, studded with big iron nails, and a little wicket, with a grating in front of it, opening in the thickness of the wood. The front of the house, smooth and with drawn blinds, had a venerable look. The stroke of the knocker resounded long, as if re- echoing through an empty house. A moment passed. They had time to notice the fine grass which grew be- tween the stones of the walk and the foot of the wall, and the old escutcheon carved above the door. *'It is the Qro jeans' coat of arms," Ethel explained in a low voice. **They belonged to the old noblesse de rohe. One grandfather was a presiding judge, an- other was a chancellor." Just then the noise of the bolt was heard, the heavy door opened, and Mile, de Grojean welcomed them on the threshold. "I am delighted! What a pleasant surprise! You must excuse me for receiving you as I am. The servants have gone out and I was at work." *'But you are charming as you are!" answered Ethel. Mile. Yvonne was certainly very pretty in her bib and apron, with her graceful neck issuing from the wide white collar, and her refined head, with its hair rolled like^a helmet above it. "Do come in!" she exclaimed. The hallway, paved with marble, and with its lofty ceiling, surprised them by its coolness. To right and left. there were double doors. At one side rose a great stone GRAND»MERE VERSUS GRANDMA 305 staircase with an iron railing and without carpet. On the wall there were a few old pictures, and these, with two benches of the time of Charles X, formed the furniture of the hall. At the foot, through a glass door, there was a view on a terrace leading down to the garden. *' Grand 'mdre, here are my Paris friends,'* Mile. Yvonne said, as she brought the party into the salon: **Mme. Rowrer, Miss Rowrer, Monsieur William, Mon- sieur Phil Longwill. ' ' Caracal kept himself to one side, smiling as if it were understood that he, a celebrated man, was superior to these poor children of the soil. ''M. Caracal, of Paris," Miss Roiyrer said, presenting him. ''M. Caracal has come to study the country. He is preparing a book." "Ah! Monsieur is a professor of agriculture. You are welcome, monsieur," grand 'mdre said, with simplic- ity, leaving Caracal to that isolation which is the lot of psychologues once they leave the Boulevard. '*I shall surely put you into my novel !" Caracal mut- tered to himself, in his vexation. **If I had known, I would have taken the covers from the chairs," said Mile. Yvonne. *'But sit down all the same, I beg of you. Mama will be very glad to see you. She is coming back. I will go fetch her." ** Don't mind, Yvonne," said Ethel; **we will wait. You know," she added, ''everjrthing is delightful to us here. ' ' There was the same dim light on the silken hangings and the furniture, reflecting its brasses. The air was fine and sweet, like the fragrance of the caskets of our 306 FATA UOBGANA grandmothers in family 8tore-room& Through the win- dows, half open on the garden, they could hear the song of birds amid the groves. Mme. de Grojean now came in. The chairs were moved from their formal rows and every one sat down. Conversation began. The perfectly natural manners and air of high distinc- tion of Mile. Yvonne and Mme. de Grojean, found in the midst of their domestic occupations, were a pleasure to Will. ' * You were working at this water-color ? ' ' Ethel asked of Mile. Yvonne. "No. I 'm going to send that to a charity bazaar ; but I was working at this." **This muslin gownf" **Not just now," said Yvonne, **I was scraping lint." "Lint! For what?" "Why, for some expedition they are preparing; for the next war." Will and Ethel were in admiration at such simplicity of life, in which young girls sewed at their own muslin gowns for the yearly ball, and varied their employment by picking lint for the next war. "Just imagine!" Ethel said to herself. "I pitied her in Paris because she never went anywhere! Quite the contrary, she must have been having a thoroughly good time. Those days must have been regular es- capades, an excess of liberty, compared to this life of work and obscure duties." She looked in turn at Yvonne, in her high spirits, at it it it GRAND'mArE versus grandma 307 her mother, who was so self-effacing, and at the rigid, conservative, severe grandmother. Have you many amusements here?" Ethel asked. A theater, books, fine walks V Ob !'* answered Yvonne, **we hardly go to the theater -once or twice a year, perhaps-and we receive few books, we have so little time to read. But amusements are not wanting, I assure you. Sometimes I go to market, and there 's the care of the house, with preserves to make ; there are the garden and the fruits. We must have an eye to everything." ** Yvonne is very whimsical, too," said grand 'mSre; ''she wanted some canary birds ! Nowadays, young girls have nothing but pleasure in their heads!" ''But birds are so amusing," replied Yvonne. "Just now," she added, "we are in a hurry with our gift to the soldiers— there are lint, preserves and tobacco and liqueurs, and linen to send them. We have a committee here, and we occupy ourselves with it at our monthly meetings. And wheyi it is n't that, it 's something else. My cousin Henri accompanies me at the piano, or I read French history. or some treatise on education. I have n't a minute to myself, especially here, because grand 'mere is the president of the committee." "Alas! what a different idea of the Frenchwoman psychological novelists have been giving!" was Phil's thought as he looked at Caracal, with his monocle glisten- ing in the shadow. "In your place, madame," said grandma, speaking directly to grand 'mfere, "I 'd start a committee for gen- eral disarmament. ' ' 16 308 FATA MORGANA Mme. de Qrojean opened her eyes wide. Ethel, who saw the effect which had been produced, hastened to say, "Orandma is joking." "Not at all, Ethel," replied grandma. "The country is very pretty, with ita flowers and its soldiers; bnt I prefer our Western plains, and I 'd give all the military music in the world for our peaceful tunes." Grand 'm&re and grandma were face to face; they formed a perfect contrast to each other. Grandma seemed to have in her clear eyes the sheen of the sea and of the prairies, where new dawns had arisen for her. Incredible energy could be read on her nervous features. One would have said that she was still young and active, and full of ambition ; and, if she was able to talk with grand *mdre, it was because during the past months she had begun again to speak and read French with as much ardor as a school-girl. She did not feel herself growing old so long as she improved her- self. She detested things which never changed, homes too shut in, too hushed a silence, and too passive obe- dience. Leaning forward, she looked into the eyes of grand 'mSre. The latter was the majestic representative of changeless things, of tradition that must not be touched. Of what use is it to learn so much, since all sin comes from knowledge 1 And why change, since all through the centuries men have gone to war, while women stayed at home and spun. Seated squarely back in her arm-chair, she looked like the Middle Ages, ready for the assault. She er batteries and took from her arsenal replies years old, with which to overwhelm the as- GRAND'MilRE VERSUS GRANDMA 309 sailant. To grandma asking, ''Why not change?" grand 'mSre would answer, ''What use to change! " She had the proverbs of her ancestors all in line. Against the taste for travel she could throw this bomb : ''Each in his place!" She would stifle the spirit of adventure with "A rolling stone gathers no moss!" Against the pursuit of progress her ammunition was ready: "The better is the enemy of the good." And the daring ones who would attempt to climb up, in the name of modem ambition and equality for all, would receive from her mitrailleuse: "There was a frog who tried to become as big as an ox, and who burst in the endeavor !" Last of all, if the enemy should really force a way into the stronghold, she had the crushing reply: ^^Ca ne se fait pas [It isn't done] 1" But grandma was not to be intimidated, and her best argument was Ethel herself. "In America," said grandma, "we haven't the same idea of education. It 's the young girl's Paradise!" "But I am very happy here," Yvonne said, smiling. "Ignorance is bliss," grandma thought to herself. "With us," Ethel said aloud, "a young girl like Yvonne, who has a taste for painting^ would go to Paris to study." "Ah! Seigneur! how could you imagine my going to live in Paris at my age!" exclaimed Yvonne's mother. ' ' But you would remain here, ' ' grandma said. ' ' Your daughter would go alone." ^^Est-U possible!'' grand 'm6re exclaimed. "It is so pleasant," grandma went on, "to have the whole world before you; it is so exciting to be in the 310 FATA MORGANA. strife and to feel one's self alive at twenty. It is done every day with us and we are none the worse for it. On. the contrary—" **That I can see/' grand 'm^re admitted, looking at Ethel. Grand 'mere found her charming, and could not understand how a young girl brought up with such lib- erty should be so nice. Grandma continued: **The will ought to develop itself freely, just like the body. Women must know how to de- liberate, to be fit companions for strong men; and a young girl ought to have some experience of life to make her way later and to choose her husband." **To choose a husband!" grand 'm^re cried; **but I suppose that is the parents' concern f" *'Well, I declare!" was the answer of grandma, who did not declare often. Yvonne was beginning to ask herself whether, since they were talking of husbands, they would not, quite by chance, send her to look for something which had been forgotten on the garden bench. Ethel, to get away from the subject, spoke up : ''Mme. de Grojean, I have a great favor to ask of you." '*I grant it in advance," said Mme. Grojean. "It is this," said Ethel. ''We are camping in the grounds of the Comtesse de Donjeon. Oh ! the establish- ment is quite simple, and more agreeable than a hotel, I assure you. We go fishing and walking and painting; we play the banjo. It is so pleasant to live in the open air, and I would be so glad if Yvonne could come with us. We should amuse ourselves so much." ''And it would be so good to have these young people "They went down into the garden" GRAND'MilRE VERSUS GRANDMA 313 around me/' grandma added. **I love life and move- ment/' *'We shall go about the country in our auto/' Ethel continued. **We shall get up picnics, we shall have impromptu plays, with lanterns, when we have guests of an evening; and I count on Yvonne, Mme. de Grojean. It is granted in advance!" **I should like it, if mama pleases," ventured Yvonne, with a blush of pleasure. **It is for grand 'mSre to decide, my dear Yvonne. Ask grand 'mere. I am willing, if she is." The judge was about to pronounce. She meditated a moment. Mme. Rowrer and Miss Ethel were very kind, it was true. But would they always be present to look after Yvonne ? Might not Yvonne sometimes go out alone with Monsieur William or Monsieur Phil? Her grand- daughter walking with men ! She hesitated no longer. * * It is impossible, ' ' she said. * * I thank you very much. Mile. Rowrer, but it is impossible." The judge had pronounced, without appeal I **Ah!" thought Ethel, **I understand how a young girl in France should take the husband they choose for her with eyes shut. It is to her own interest to escape from such family tyranny." But we shall go to see Miss Ethel?" Yvonne asked. Oh, certainly! We shall go to pass an afternoon with you," Mme. de Grojean said, encouraged by an in- dulgent smile from grand 'm^re, who, seated squarely in her arm-chair, murmured between her lips: '*Ah! how insatiable for pleasure young people are nowadays ! As if birds and flowers in the garden were it 314 FATA MORGANA not enough ! Soon we shall have girls playing like boys ; they will talk of the theater and sport, of tennis and bi- cycles—horror ! ' ' Yvonne, gay as usual, and without any expression of bitterness, spoke low with her grandmother. '^ Grand 'm^re, what if I should prepare a light colla- tion for our visitors?'' "You are right, my child,'' said grand 'mftre; **here is the key of the preserve pantry." Every one was now talking. A visitor had just made her appearance— Mme. Ri^is, the banker's wife, alert and dimpling, as usual. Phil, Will, and Mme. de Grojean talked pleasantly together. Caracal, with an air of great importance, talked of bric-d,-brac to Mme. Ri^ois. Grand 'm^re and grandma made peace together. They found an admirable common ground of interest. Grand '- m^re showed grandma, who looked at them like a connois- seur, the photographs of her grandchildren, boys and girls, and grand-nephews and -nieces. Grandma gave grand 'mire a recipe for home-made pie. "The collation is ready," Yvonne said, as she opened from without one of the long windows on the terrace. Her joyful voice sounded through the salon as the floods of light came in with the perfume of mignonette and roses. Grand 'mire," Yvonne went on, "I have spread the collation under the arbor by the waterside. Is that right?" "You have done well, my child," said grand 'mire. Mile. Yvonne smiled with pride, like a soldier receiving his general 's compliment. Without any more ado, they GRAND'MfeRE VERSUS GRANDMA 315 all crossed the terrace and went down into the garden. It stretched out with straight alleys bordered by cut box ; and at each side thick trees isolated it from the rest of the world. In the center there was a little basin of rock- work. At the bottom of the garden, along the riverside, a trellis-work formed a shady arbor— a nook of dainty freshness. As they went down to it Yvonne threw bread-crumbs to the goldfish in the basin, and then showed her flower-borders, in which the blue and white and red blossoms were like a tricolor flag. **I water them myself,'' said Yvonne. The table was spread under a trellis covered with honeysuckle. There were biscuits and preserves, fruits, cool water, liqueurs and wine and beer— all set out in perfect taste. Yvonne served every one. '*Did you prepare all this yourself?'' Ethel asked, in wonder. **And you also found time to adorn the table with flowers— you are a real fairy!" A balustrade, over which ivy was growing, separated them from the river. On the other side of the water there spread out a vast plain, in which factory-chimneys were smoking.
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OpenAlex
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Open Science
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CC-By-SA
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Restoration of Energy for the Electric Vehicles
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Reddy Ganesh
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English
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Spoken
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Restoration of Energy for the Electric Vehicles
P. Venkatakrishnan1, Rodda Sai Ganesh2, Ravirala Achyuth Rao3,
Mohamood Mehamood4 1,2,3,4Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CMR Technical Campus, Hyderabad,
India 1,2,3,4Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CMR Technical Campus, Hyderabad,
India International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR)
E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: editor@ijfmr.com International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR)
E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: editor@ijfmr.com Abstract: The growing inclination towards electric vehicles (EVs) can be ascribed to their energy efficiency and
eco-friendliness. However, limited driving range of EVs continues to be a major concern for potential
buyers. This study explores various methods, including wireless charging, solar power, and regenerative
braking, for EV energy replenishment. This review assesses the benefits, challenges, and effectiveness
of several strategies for extending the range of electric vehicles. Providing insights on enhancing the
sustainability and feasibility of electric cars is the main goal, which will help to create a transportation
system that is more environmentally and energy efficient. Keywords: Solar Panel, Arduino software, LCD display, Buzzer, Relay, Sensors. Keywords: Solar Panel, Arduino software, LCD display, Buzzer, Relay, Sensors. 1. INTRODUCTION Renewable energy is becoming increasingly significant as the prices of fossil fuels continue to fluctuate. Solar energy is one of the most popular sources of renewable energy. It is a rich stream of energy,
available both directly as solar isolation and indirectly as wind energy. The sun emits energy in the form
of electromagnetic radiation, with a potential of 178 Billion MW, which is approximately 20,000 times
the world's demand. A portion of solar energy contributes to the evaporation of water, resulting in
rainfall and the formation of rivers. Additionally, some of it is utilized in photosynthesis, which is vital
for the sustenance of life on Earth. Numerous research projects have been undertaken to increase solar panel efficiency. Using a solar panel
tracking system is one practical strategy. This research article focuses on a microcontroller-based sun
tracking system. In order to ensure that the solar panel remains in a perpendicular alignment with the
sun's beams, solar tracking is essential for boosting energy production. For many years, there has been a
continuous process to create tracking systems for solar panels. Solar panels can maximize power output
by positioning themselves to absorb the optimum amount of solar energy by following the sun's
movement throughout the day. At present solar electric power generation systems are having fixed solar panels whose efficiency of
generation is less. The aim of the paper is to introduce the solar tracking to the existing fixed solar
panels, thus we are maintaining the constant maximum power output. Thus by using this tracking system
we can increase the conversion efficiency of the solar electric power generation. For this purpose, we
uses PIC microcontroller for sun tracking. Volume 6, Issue 2, March-April 2024 IJFMR240216719 1 2. RELATED WORKS METHODS/SOFTWARE
In this project we should download arduino software in order to write a code and dump it into Arduino 2. RELATED WORKS An electric vehicle (EV) with an extended driving range is known as a solar electric vehicle (SEV),
which uses photovoltaic cells on board to charge a set of batteries. In order to improve a solar electric
vehicle's energy management and ultimately extend its range, we have created a customized fuzzy logic
control system in this study. Although it is theoretically possible to power a solar automobile directly
with the energy produced by solar modules, using batteries as a stored energy source turns out to be a
more effective and ideal option solar cell modules; •
rechargeable energy storage system with batteries; •
electric drive motor and gear box; •
control system, which includes a maximum power point tracker (MPPT); •
electrical distribution system; •
wheels and tires; •
body, chassis, suspension. Figure 1 illustrates the block diagram of a typical SEV. Figure 1 illustrates the block diagram of a typical SEV. Solar modules and a Li-ion battery are used as energy sources, via MPPT; the output voltage is
compatible for charging the battery and for supplying the electric motor drive. Excess energy produced
by solar modules is diverted to charge batteries. Batteries also stored energy supplied by the electric
motor running on regenerative mode, during braking and downhill motion of the vehicle. The control system shares electrical energy between the battery and the drive system, and commands the
inverter. The speed of the traction motor is regulated by the Field Oriented Control (FOC) method. Fig. 1: Block diagram of solar electric vehicle Fig. 1: Block diagram of solar electric vehicle Solar cars can be designed for car races, considering the special driving rules of that race. The pilot,
striving to reach destination as soon as possible, needs to consider the remaining energy stored in
batteries, the level of solar cells charging and the remaining distance to destination. Further- more, the
track conditions such as up- and down-hill, and turns that effect energy consumption rate of a SEV need
consideration. For example, since the acceleration causes a higher rate of energy consumption, the pilot
needs to keep speed constant as long as possible without sacrificing the spirit of the race. Solar vehicles
can also be designed for transportation on short distances, as between departments of an organization or
golf areas. IJFMR240216719
Volume 6, Issue 2, March-April 2024
2
3. 3. METHODS/SOFTWARE IJFMR240216719
Volume 6, Issue 2, March-April 2024
2
In this project we should download arduino software in order to write a code and dump it into Arduino In this project we should download arduino software in order to write a code and dum Volume 6, Issue 2, March-April 2024 IJFMR240216719 2 International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR)
E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: editor@ijfmr.com
UNO. Fig 2: Downloading arduino software
In next step download library
Fig 3: Pasting libraries
Paste all the arduino software libraries into the file and launch it. The arduino interface consists of file,
edit, sketch, tools and help. Select new page and write the entire code which is required in order to perform the required task by the
t t
A d th
il it
d
if
C
t th
d i t
bi
fil
d d
i t
th A d i International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR)
E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: editor@ijfmr.com
UNO. Fig 2: Downloading arduino software International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) ional Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFM
ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: editor@ijfmr.com
Fig 2: Downloading arduino software E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: editor@ijfmr.com E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: editor@ijfmr.com Fig 2: Downloading arduino software In next step download library In next step download library
Fig 3: Pasting libraries
Paste all the arduino software libraries into the file and launch it. The arduino interface consists of file,
edit, sketch, tools and help. Fig 3: Pasting libraries Paste all the arduino software libraries into the file and launch it. The arduino interface consists of file,
edit, sketch, tools and help. Paste all the arduino software libraries into the file and launch it. The arduino interface consists of file,
edit, sketch, tools and help. Select new page and write the entire code which is required in order to perform the required task by the
prototype. And then compile it and verify. Convert the code into binary file and dump into the Arduino
UNO board. This board performs the operation which is defined in the code. IJFMR240216719
Volume 6, Issue 2, March-April 2024
3
Fig 4: Compling the code Fig 4: Compling the code Volume 6, Issue 2, March-April 2024 IJFMR240216719 Volume 6, Issue 2, March-April 2024 3 International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR)
E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: editor@ijfmr.com
The working operation is mentioned in below figure. START
FIRE SENSOR
VOLTAGE SENSOR
VS < 8
FS =1
LCD DISPLAY
BUZZER ON
MOTOR OFF
STOP
Yes
No
Fig 5: Flowchart for restoration of energy
This is the flowchart for a restoration of the energy for electric vehicles using Arduino, an LCD display,
an voltage and fire sensor, a buzzer, and solar & wind power i.e., solar panel and dynamo. 1. Start International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR)
E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: editor@ijfmr.com
The working operation is mentioned in below figure The working operation is mentioned in below figure. The working operation is mentioned in below figure. The working operation is mentioned in below figure. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) START
FIRE SENSOR
VOLTAGE SENSOR
VS < 8
FS =1
LCD DISPLAY
BUZZER ON
MOTOR OFF
STOP
Yes
No
Fig 5: Flowchart for restoration of energy Fig 5: Flowchart for restoration of energy This is the flowchart for a restoration of the energy for electric vehicles using Arduino, an LCD display,
an voltage and fire sensor, a buzzer, and solar & wind power i.e., solar panel and dynamo. IJFMR240216719
Volume 6, Issue 2, March-April 2024
1. Start
2. Initialize Arduino and components:
• Set up LCD display
• Set up motor
• Configure Voltage and fire sensor
• Initialize buzzer
3. Monitor sensors:
• Check for changes in voltage sensor readings
• Check for changes in fire sensor readings
• If no changes are detected, continue monitoring
• If changes are detected, go to step 4
4. Display alert on LCD:
• Show a message like “LOW VOLTAGE” on the LCD
5. Activate the buzzer:
• If fire sensor value is high
• Sound the buzzer to alert the user
• Continue sounding until user’s respond to the alert
6. Check for voltage and fire values:
• Check whether voltage value must be greater than 8volts and go to step 7
• If value is still less than 8volts, continue alerting
7. Turn off the alert:
• Stop the buzzer, if voltage sensor is greater than 8volts and fire sensor must be low IJFMR240216719
Volume 6, Issue 2, March-April 2024
1. Start
2. Initialize Arduino and components:
• Set up LCD display
• Set up motor
• Configure Voltage and fire sensor
• Initialize buzzer
3. Monitor sensors:
• Check for changes in voltage sensor readings
• Check for changes in fire sensor readings
• If no changes are detected, continue monitoring
• If changes are detected, go to step 4
4. Display alert on LCD:
• Show a message like “LOW VOLTAGE” on the LCD
5. Activate the buzzer:
• If fire sensor value is high
• Sound the buzzer to alert the user
• Continue sounding until user’s respond to the alert
6. Check for voltage and fire values:
• Check whether voltage value must be greater than 8volts and go to step 7
• If value is still less than 8volts, continue alerting
7. 4. RESULTS If fire sensor is ON, the relay and buzzer will become on which makes motor OFF. It helps the user from fire accident while travelling and rescue the life. • Clear the message in LCD display 8. Resume monitoring Voltage and Fire sensor International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) Turn off the alert:
• Stop the buzzer, if voltage sensor is greater than 8volts and fire sensor must be low Volume 6, Issue 2, March-April 2024 4 Volume 6, Issue 2, March-April 2024 4. RESULTS The prototype for this project is mentioned in below figure. Basically, it consists of Arduino UNO,
Voltage sensor, Fire sensor, Relay, WIFI module, Buzzer and LCD display. Voltage sensor, Fire sensor, Relay, WIFI module, Buzzer and LCD display. Firstly we should connect WIFI module to authority user in TELNET software by using local network
such as IP address i.e. 192.168.4.1 Firstly we should connect WIFI module to authority user in TELNET software by using local network
such as IP address i.e. 192.168.4.1 Fig 6: Prototype output measures voltage value Fig 6: Prototype output measures voltage value In above figure, there is 12v power supply through solar panel through Battery. In this case the motor is
ON and LCD display will display the current voltage value and relay, buzzer is OFF. If the resulted
voltage value is less than 5V then, it will display as “LOW VOLTAGE” and relay, buzzer will become
ON which makes the motor in OFF condition. In above figure, there is 12v power supply through solar panel through Battery. In this case the motor is
ON and LCD display will display the current voltage value and relay, buzzer is OFF. If the resulted
voltage value is less than 5V then, it will display as “LOW VOLTAGE” and relay, buzzer will become
ON which makes the motor in OFF condition. In other case, the prototype will work based on fire sensor. Here it will monitor the flame and starts its
functioning property. Fig 7: Prototype output measures flame condition
In above figure, there is 12v power supply through solar panel through Battery. Here it will measure the
flame or fire sensor. If fire sensor is ON, the relay and buzzer will become on which makes motor OFF. It helps the user from fire accident while travelling and rescue the life. Fig 7: Prototype output measures flame condition Fig 7: Prototype output measures flame condition In above figure, there is 12v power supply through solar panel through Battery. Here it will measure the
flame or fire sensor. If fire sensor is ON, the relay and buzzer will become on which makes motor OFF. It helps the user from fire accident while travelling and rescue the life. In above figure, there is 12v power supply through solar panel through Battery. Here it will measure the
flame or fire sensor. 5. CONCLUSION The current project involved the installation of a Solar PV Wind Hybrid Energy System. By utilizing
electricity generated from both wind and solar power, a portion of the energy needed for a private house,
farm house, small company, educational institution, or apartment house has been provided. This Volume 6, Issue 2, March-April 2024 International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR)
E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: editor@ijfmr.com • Clear the message in LCD display 6. FUTURE SCOPE Our project aims to address the global issues of global warming and energy crisis by harnessing solar
energy to generate electricity. Solar energy, being an infinite source of power, is key to reducing our
reliance on nonrenewable energy sources. Our main goal is to promote the use of renewable energy in
order to create a sustainable future. The solar inverter we have developed serves as a prototype for future
projects that will incorporate advanced technologies such as micro controlled solar tracking and charge
control. This demonstrates that solar inverters are not only cost-effective but also easy to install, making
the transition to renewable energy sources more feasible. With further advancements in this field, solar
energy will play a crucial role in revolutionizing the energy sector. rnational Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) approach decreases reliance on a single energy source, thereby enhancing reliability and improving
system efficiency compared to individual modes of generation. approach decreases reliance on a single energy source, thereby enhancing reliability and improving
system efficiency compared to individual modes of generation. REFERENCE 1. [1]. "Multi-inverter for grid-connected hybrid PV/wind power system," by Y.-M. Cheng, Y.-C. Liu,
S.-C. Hung, and C.-S. Cheng, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 1070–1076, May
2007. 2. Snyder, Brian, and Kaiser, Mark J. A comparison of the trends and forces driving the development of
offshore wind power in Europe and the US. 2009; Appl Energy: 1845–1865 2. Snyder, Brian, and Kaiser, Mark J. A comparison of the trends and forces driving the development of
offshore wind power in Europe and the US. 2009; Appl Energy: 1845–1865 3. Ouali Abderrazak, Francois Bruno, and Krichen Lotfi. A fuzzy logic supervisory system for wind
energy conversion with fixed speed that controls both active and reactive power. Power Systems
Research, 2007. 4. Prabhu SV, Kedare SB, Kamoji MA. Experiments using a modified Savonius rotor in one stage. 2009; Appl Energy: 1064–73. 5. De Almeida Lopes JA, Edgardo D. Castronuovo, Rogerio G. Wind farms should aim for optimal
generation control when fulfilling system operator requests. 5. De Almeida Lopes JA, Edgardo D. Castronuovo, Rogerio G. Wind farms should aim for optimal
generation control when fulfilling system operator requests. 6. [6]. Ostolaza JX, Tapia A, Tapia G. reactive power management for voltage control applications in
wind farms. Renew Energy in 2004. 6. [6]. Ostolaza JX, Tapia A, Tapia G. reactive power management for voltage control applications in
wind farms. Renew Energy in 2004. 7. Linders J., Thiriger Torbojorn. A fixed pitch wind turbine's rotor speed can be changed to operate
within a large speed range. 1993;8(3):520–6; IEEE Trans Energy Convers. 7. Linders J., Thiriger Torbojorn. A fixed pitch wind turbine's rotor speed can be changed to operate
within a large speed range. 1993;8(3):520–6; IEEE Trans Energy Convers. 8. Nagai Baku M, Roy Jitendro Nath, and Ameku Kazumasa. Operating characteristics of a 3 kW wind
turbine generator with adjustable pitch control. 2009; Appl Energy: 1774–1782. 9. Simoes Marcelo Godoy, Bose Bimal K, Spiegel Roland J. Intelligent control of a variable speed cage
machine wind generation system using fuzzy logic1997;12(1); IEEE Trans Power Electron. 9. Simoes Marcelo Godoy, Bose Bimal K, Spiegel Roland J. Intelligent control of a variable speed cage
machine wind generation system using fuzzy logic1997;12(1); IEEE Trans Power Electron. 10. In the IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications in 1996, Robin M. IJFMR240216719 5 REFERENCE presented a study on the
application of fuzzy logic control for a PWM inverter in a stand-alone wind energy conversion
system. The paper discusses the use of rules in this control system. 10. In the IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications in 1996, Robin M. presented a study on the
application of fuzzy logic control for a PWM inverter in a stand-alone wind energy conversion
system. The paper discusses the use of rules in this control system. 11. In 2000, ChedidZriad B, Karaki Sami H, and El-ChamaliChadi published a paper in the IEEE
Transactions on Energy Conversion. The paper introduces an adaptive fuzzy control system for a
wind-diesel weak power system. 11. In 2000, ChedidZriad B, Karaki Sami H, and El-ChamaliChadi published a paper in the IEEE
Transactions on Energy Conversion. The paper introduces an adaptive fuzzy control system for a
wind-diesel weak power system. 12. Tanaka T and Toumiya T conducted a study on output control for a small wind power generation
system in 1997. The study utilized a hill-climbing method to achieve the desired control. The
findings were published in the journal Renewable Energy. 12. Tanaka T and Toumiya T conducted a study on output control for a small wind power generation
system in 1997. The study utilized a hill-climbing method to achieve the desired control. The
findings were published in the journal Renewable Energy. Volume 6, Issue 2, March-April 2024 IJFMR240216719 6 6
| 606 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8755993
|
Wikidata
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Semantic data
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CC0
| null |
Category:People murdered in Oklahoma
|
None
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Multilingual
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Semantic data
| 90 | 296 |
Category:People murdered in Oklahoma
Wikimedia category
Category:People murdered in Oklahoma instance of Wikimedia category
Category:People murdered in Oklahoma category contains human
تصنيف:أشخاص قتلوا في أوكلاهوما
تصنيف ويكيميديا
تصنيف:أشخاص قتلوا في أوكلاهوما نموذج من تصنيف ويكيميديا
تصنيف:أشخاص قتلوا في أوكلاهوما يحتوي التصنيف على إنسان
زمرہ:اوکلاہوما میں مقتول افراد
ویکیمیڈیا زمرہ
زمرہ:اوکلاہوما میں مقتول افراد قسم ویکیمیڈیا کا زمرہ
زمرہ:اوکلاہوما میں مقتول افراد زمروں کا مجموعہ انسان
Kategori:Personer som blivit mördade i Oklahoma
Wikimedia-kategori
Kategori:Personer som blivit mördade i Oklahoma instans av Wikimedia-kategori
Kategori:Personer som blivit mördade i Oklahoma kategorin innehåller människa
| 24,851 |
https://github.com/Angelica-Jared/domo-node-embed-filters/blob/master/users.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
domo-node-embed-filters
|
Angelica-Jared
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 105 | 412 |
module.exports = [
{
username: 'mike',
config: {
visualization1: {
clientId: process.env.CLIENT_ID, clientSecret: process.env.CLIENT_SECRET, embedId: process.env.EMBED_ID,
//filters: [{"column": "Region", "operator": "IN", "values": ["West"]}]
filters: []
},
}
},
{
username: 'susan',
config: {
visualization1: {
clientId: process.env.CLIENT_ID, clientSecret: process.env.CLIENT_SECRET, embedId: process.env.EMBED_ID,
//filters: [{"column": "Region", "operator": "IN", "values": ["Northeast"]}]
filters: []
},
}
},
{
username: 'tom',
config: {
visualization1: {
clientId: process.env.CLIENT_ID, clientSecret: process.env.CLIENT_SECRET, embedId: process.env.EMBED_ID,
//filters: [{"column": "Country", "operator": "IN", "values": ["Canada"]}]
filters: []
},
}
},
{
username: 'rachael',
config: {
visualization1: {
clientId: process.env.CLIENT_ID, clientSecret: process.env.CLIENT_SECRET, embedId: process.env.EMBED_ID,
//filters: [{"column": "Country", "operator": "IN", "values": ["United States"]}]
filters: []
},
}
}
];
| 7,547 |
https://github.com/salisbury-robotics/jks-ros-pkg/blob/master/3rd_party_libs/chai3d-2.1/modules/GEL/CGELLinearSpring.cpp
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause
| 2,015 |
jks-ros-pkg
|
salisbury-robotics
|
C++
|
Code
| 137 | 535 |
//===========================================================================
/*
This file is part of the GEL dynamics engine.
Copyright (C) 2003-2010 by Francois Conti, Stanford University.
All rights reserved.
\author <http://www.chai3d.org>
\author Francois Conti
\version 2.1.0 $Rev: 322 $
*/
//===========================================================================
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "CGELLinearSpring.h"
#include "CGELMesh.h"
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//===========================================================================
// DEFINITION - DEFAULT VALUES:
//===========================================================================
// Physical properties:
double cGELLinearSpring::default_kSpringElongation = 100.0; // [N/m]
// Graphic properties:
cColorf cGELLinearSpring::default_color(1.0, 0.2, 0.2);
//===========================================================================
/*!
Constructor of cGELLinearSpring.
\fn cGELLinearSpring::cGELLinearSpring(cGELMassParticle* a_node0,
cGELMassParticle* a_node1)
\param a_node0 Node 0.
\param a_node1 Node 1.
*/
//===========================================================================
cGELLinearSpring::cGELLinearSpring(cGELMassParticle* a_node0, cGELMassParticle* a_node1)
{
// set nodes:
m_node0 = a_node0;
m_node1 = a_node1;
m_enabled = true;
// set default color
m_color = default_color;
// compute initial length
m_length0 = cDistance(m_node1->m_pos, m_node0->m_pos);
// set elongation spring constant [N/M]
m_kSpringElongation = default_kSpringElongation;
}
//===========================================================================
/*!
Destructor of cGELLinearSpring.
\fn cGELLinearSpring::~cGELLinearSpring()
*/
//===========================================================================
cGELLinearSpring::~cGELLinearSpring()
{
}
| 2,509 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20Conservation%20Service%20Site%201a%20Dam
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam
|
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam&action=history
|
Cebuano
|
Spoken
| 123 | 205 |
Ang Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam ngalan niining mga mosunod:
Heyograpiya
Tinipong Bansa
Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam (alihan sa tubig sa Tinipong Bansa, Callahan County), Texas,
Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam (alihan sa tubig sa Tinipong Bansa, Collin County), Texas,
Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam (alihan sa tubig sa Tinipong Bansa, Hill County), Texas,
Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam (alihan sa tubig sa Tinipong Bansa, Montague County, lat 33,65, long -97,64), Texas,
Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam (alihan sa tubig sa Tinipong Bansa, Montague County, lat 33,59, long -97,77), Texas,
Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam (alihan sa tubig sa Tinipong Bansa, Rockwall County), Texas,
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot 2017-02
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot Tinipong Bansa
| 34,582 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8198610
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Category:2010 in V8 Supercars
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 22 | 42 |
Category:2010 in V8 Supercars
Wikimedia category
Category:2010 in V8 Supercars instance of Wikimedia category
Category:2010 in V8 Supercars category combines topics 2010
| 29,828 |
https://github.com/smartbcity/archetypes-ui/blob/master/packages/components/src/Menu/index.ts
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
archetypes-ui
|
smartbcity
|
TypeScript
|
Code
| 8 | 15 |
export * from './MenuItem'
export * from './Menu'
| 5,306 |
https://github.com/abidanBrito/earth-33/blob/master/Assets/GamePlay/Scripts/UI/PossesionTutorial.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
earth-33
|
abidanBrito
|
C#
|
Code
| 167 | 465 |
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
public class PossesionTutorial : MonoBehaviour
{
public static bool possesionActivated = false;
public static bool enemyControledActivated = false;
public static bool attackActivated = false;
public bool onTrigger = false;
[SerializeField] private Text ayuda;
[SerializeField] private Transform player;
void Start(){
ClearText();
}
void Update()
{
if(possesionActivated == false && onTrigger == true){
possesionActivated = true;
ClearText();
ChangeText("Utiliza el modo Posesión para capturar seres y aprovechar sus habilidades.");
}
if(possesionActivated == true && onTrigger == true && enemyControledActivated == false && BaseGame.pet != null){
enemyControledActivated = true;
ClearText();
ChangeText("Utiliza el modo Ataque para derrotar al enemigo.");
}
if(enemyControledActivated == true && onTrigger && attackActivated == false && Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0) && BaseGame.sphereModes == 0){
attackActivated = true;
ClearText();
}
}
private void ClearText(){
ayuda.text = "";
}
private void ChangeText(string txt){
ayuda.text = txt;
}
private void OnTriggerExit(Collider other){
if(other.tag == GameConstants.PLAYER_TAG){
ayuda.enabled = false;
}
}
private void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other){
if(other.tag == GameConstants.PLAYER_TAG){
ayuda.enabled = true;
onTrigger = true;
}
}
}
| 1,961 |
https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%20%28%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
كت (مسلسل)
|
https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=كت (مسلسل)&action=history
|
Arabic
|
Spoken
| 520 | 1,534 |
كت هو مسلسل تلفزيوني سيت كوم وثائقي هزلي سعودي-أمريكي من صنف كوميديا الموقف. عُرض لأول مرة على قناة إم بي سي 4 وإم بي سي أكشن على قناة شاشة إم بي سي 2 على قناة إم بي سي 4 وإم بي سي أكشن أولا ثم على إم بي سي ماكس.، بدأ عرضه على شاشة إم بي سي 2 منذ عام 2017، ثم في الشرق الأوسط من خلال مركز تلفاز الشرق الأوسط على قناة إم بي سي 4 أولا ثم على إم بي سي ماكس وإم بي سي أكشن. ثم في الشرق الأوسط من خلال مركز تلفاز الشرق الأوسط على قناة إم بي سي 4 أولا ثم على إم بي سي ماكس وإم بي سي أكشن، وبالدبلجة الفارسية على إم بي سي الفارسية. في 27 أكتوبر 2017.
أنتج العمل من قبل "نوافذ للإنتاج الإعلامي" في الموسم 1 وصدر المسلسل أنتج العمل من قبل وعرض على قناة إم بي سي 2 (MBC2) إم بي سي ماكس (MBC Max) وإم بي سي 4 (MBC4) وإم بي سي أكشن (MBC Action) ومنصة شاهد من 27 أكتوبر 2017 إلى 12 يناير 2018.
قصة المسلسل
هو مسلسل سيت كوم كوميديا الموقف وثائقي هزلي; يحكي العمل تفاصيل حياة أربعة شباب وشابة من السعودية، يدرسون السينما في هوليوود، والمواقف التي يتعرضون لها سواءً في صناعة الأفلام أو حتى على المستوى الشخصي والإنساني. وتتناول أحداث المسلسل المواقف التي تواجه الطلاب الخمسة من اليوم الأول لدراستهم في أكاديمية الأفلام وتنتهي بحفل تخرجهم. يعتمد المسلسل على عدة خطوط درامية مُستقلة ومتشابكة تتعلق بطبيعة المشاكل والمواقف التي يتعرض لها أبطال ونجوم المسلسل في إطار العديد من المواقف الكوميدية.
طاقم العمل والشخصيات
فهد البتيري بدور عبد الرحمن البدر
يوسف الدخيل بدور باسم موفق
أسامة صالح بدور فيصل الصالح
محمد سيف بدور ساري الحسن
نورة البدر بدور رنا الماجد
البث الدولي
تم المسلسل إلى وعُرض على قناة إم بي سي 4 ثم على إم بي سي أكشن وإم بي سي 2 وإم بي سي ماكس. وبالدبلجة الفارسية على إم بي سي الفارسية.
المراجع
وصلات خارجية
مسلسل Cut على قاعدة بيانات الأفلام على الإنترنت
مسلسل Cut على شاهد
غلينديل (كاليفورنيا)
مسلسلات تلفزيونية سعودية بدأ عرضها في 2017
مسلسلات تلفزيونية سعودية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية أمريكية
برامج تلفزيونية باللغة الإنجليزية
عروض تلفزيونية تقع أحداثها في كاليفورنيا
عروض تلفزيونية صورت في كاليفورنيا
مسلسلات تلفزيونية أمريكية انتهت في 2018
مسلسلات تلفزيونية أمريكية بدأ عرضها في 2017
برامج تلفزيونية تقع أحداثها في الولايات المتحدة
عروض تلفزيونية صورت في الولايات المتحدة
هوليوود
هوليوود في الخيال
مسلسلات كوميديا موقف أمريكية
برامج تلفزيونية باللغة العربية
برامج تلفزيونية عربية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية كوميدية أمريكية في عقد 2010
مسلسلات تلفزيونية كوميدية أمريكية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية عن التلفاز
مسلسلات وثائقية هزلية تلفزيونية أمريكية في عقد 2010
مسلسلات وثائقية هزلية تلفزيونية أمريكية
أعمال عن إنتاج إعلامي
عروض تلفزيونية تقع أحداثها في لوس أنجلوس
عروض تلفزيونية تقع أحداثها في مقاطعة لوس أنجلوس (كاليفورنيا)
عروض تلفزيونية صورت في لوس أنجلوس
مسلسلات تلفزيونية كوميدية درامية أمريكية في عقد 2010
مسلسلات تلفزيونية كوميدية درامية أمريكية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية وثائقية أمريكية في عقد 2010
مسلسلات وثائقية تلفزيونية أمريكية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية أمريكية قصيرة
مسلسلات قصيرة أمريكية في عقد 2010
مسلسلات قصيرة كوميدية أمريكية في عقد 2010
مسلسلات قصيرة درامية أمريكية في عقد 2010
مسلسلات تلفزيونية أمريكية في عقد 2010
مسلسلات تلفزيونية من إنتاج تلفزيون تونتيث سينتشوري فوكس
| 5,302 |
https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%20%28%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
مقاطعة غرين (بنسيلفانيا)
|
https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=مقاطعة غرين (بنسيلفانيا)&action=history
|
Arabic
|
Spoken
| 59 | 215 |
مقاطعة غرين هي إحدى مقاطعات ولاية بنسيلفانيا في الولايات المتحدة. بلغ عدد سكانها 38686 نسمة في عام 2010 حسب إحصاء مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة.
أعلام
جوزيف موريس
جون إف. ويلي
إدوارد مارتن
بيل جورج
نيلسون بي. ماكورميك
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
www.co.greene.pa.us
أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1796
تأسيسات سنة 1796 في بنسيلفانيا
مقاطعات أبالاتشيا
مقاطعات ولاية بنسيلفانيا
مقاطعة غرين (بنسيلفانيا)
| 19,301 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/72568679
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,022 |
Stack Exchange
|
https://stackoverflow.com/users/8640988, plangjim
|
Slovenian
|
Spoken
| 454 | 1,106 |
How to dynamically set foreign key in a eloquent model laravel and how to use it with withCount
i have a column name in a table like below
Table Code 1
34222X234X4422
34222X234X4423
34222X234X4424
A1
A15
A15
A1
A6
A7
A3
A3
A3
A3
A3
A7
A5
A15
A8
Table Code 2
ID
cid
Code
Desc
1
4422
A1
desc 1
2
4423
A2
desc 2
3
4422
A3
desc 3
4
4424
A4
desc 4
and so on
I want to count how many record from table Code 2 are exist in table Code 1 column 34222X234X4422, 34222X234X4423, 34222X234X4424 depend on Code_2.cid using Eloquent Laravel withCount.
I am thinking of using Model Relation one-to-many, but the foreign key cannot be static.
Is it possible to passing parameter from controller to model relationship and how to input it in the withCount?
I am trying this:
class Code_2 extends Model
{
public function unit($id)
{
return $this->hasMany(Code_1::class, $id, 'code);
}
}
here is my controller
$column = '34222X234X4424';
$detail1 = Code_2::withCount(['unit => function(Builder $query) use ($column){
$query->on('code_1.'.$column, '=', 'code_2.code');
},])->get(['id', 'code', 'decs']);
Turn out to be error "Too few arguments to function App\Models\Code_2::unit()".
How can i fix this?
Thank you.
Note: I cannot change the database at all. Just view it only.
You can create a variable in model and pass value for it same as :
Model :
class Code_2 extends Model
{
protected $table = 'code_2';
protected $field;
public function __construct($field = 'code_2_id')
{
$this->field = $field;
}
public function unit()
{
return $this->hasMany(Code_1::class, $this->field, 'Code');
}
}
And Controller you can use :
$column = '34222X234X4424';
$model = new Code2($column);
$detail1 = $model->withCount('unit')->get(['id', 'code', 'decs']);
Thanks a lot, it worked for me! The method you suggests are never crossed my mind before.
you can't pass parametrized relations in with or withCount so i'd suggest to define 3 relations
// Code_2 model
public static $toCountRelations = [
'x22',
'x23',
'x24'
];
public function x22()
{
return $this->hasMany(Code_1::class, '34222X234X4422', 'Code');
}
public function x23()
{
return $this->hasMany(Code_1::class, '34222X234X4423', 'Code');
}
public function x24()
{
return $this->hasMany(Code_1::class, '34222X234X4424', 'Code');
}
/**
* note that this function will return 0 if no of above relations is loaded
*
* @return int
*/
public function getCodesCountAttribute()
{
$sum = 0;
foreach (self::$toCountRelations as $relation)
if ($this->relationLoaded($relation)) {
// this syntax for $relation = 'x22' will get value of
// $this->x22_count
$sum += $this->{$relation . '_count'};
}
return $sum;
}
// controller
$detailed = Code_2::withCount(Code_2::$toCountRelations)->get(['id', 'Code', 'Desc']);
at this step you have collection of models with values of x22_count, x23_count, x24_count and computed property codes_count returning global count of loaded relations so if in future columns list will change you can simply change $toCountRelations array with required relations
| 3,275 |
http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/e03e0de6-58d2-4dc5-a411-fe42c63ae251_1
|
Eurovoc
|
Open Government
|
CC-By
| 2,004 |
Atzinums par Priekšlikumu Eiropas Parlamenta un Eiropas Padomes direktīvai par dzelzceļa uzņēmumu licencēšanu (modificētā versija) — COM(2004) 232 galīgā red. - 2004/0074 (COD)
|
None
|
Portugueuse
|
Spoken
| 5,502 | 11,076 |
C 302/38 LV Eiropas Savienības Oficiālais Vēstnesis 7. 12. 2004. Atzinums par Priekšlikumu Eiropas Parlamenta un Eiropas Padomes direktīvai par dzelzceļa uzņē- mumu licencēšanu (modificētā versija) COM(2004) 232 galīgā red. - 2004/0074 (COD) (2004/C 302/09) 2004. gada 27. aprīlī Padome nolēma konsultēt Eiropas Ekonomikas un sociālo lietu komiteju atbilstoši Eiropas Kopienas dibināšanas līguma 71. pantam par: Priekšlikumu Eiropas Parlamenta un Eiropas Padomes direktīvai par dzelzceļa uzņēmumu licencēšanu (modificētā versija) infrastruktūras un Informācijas sabiedrības darba grupa, kas bija atbildīga par Transporta, enerģētikas, komitejas darba sagatavošanu attiecīgajā jautājumā, pieņēma savu atzinumu 2004. gada 10. jūnijā. Ziņo- jumu sniedza Čagasa (Chagas) kungs. Savā 410. plenārajā sesijā 2004. gada 30. jūnijā un 1. jūlijā (2004. gada 30. jūnijā sēdē), Eiropas Ekono- mikas un sociālo lietu komiteja ar 160 balsīm “par” un 10 “atturoties” pieņēma sekojošu atzinumu Atzinuma nolūks 1. ir modificēt Padomes 1995. gada 19. jūnija 95/18/EC direktīvu par dzelzceļu uzņēmumu licen- cēšanu (1). 2. Eiropas Kopienas tiesību vienkāršošana un izskaidrošana ir ļoti nozīmīga Eiropas tautu kontekstā, padarot likumdošanas aktus vienkāršākus un skaidrākus formā. Eiropas Parlaments, Padome un Komisija tādēļ ir izcēlusi nepieciešamību modificēt likumdošanas aktus, kas ir bieži grozīti un 1994. gada 20. decembrī noslēgušas starpinstitucionālo vienošanos, kas atļauj izmantot paātrināto procedūru. Modificēšana nevar skart attiecīgo direktīvu saturisko pusi. Komitejas atzinums pakļaujas šai prasībai un tāpēc EESK 3. nav iebildumu. Briselē, 2004. gada 30. jūnijā Eiropas Ekonomikas un sociālo lietu komitejas prezidents Roger BRIESCH (1) OV L 143, 27. 6. 1995. , 70. lpp. – EESK atzinums: OV C 393, 31. 12. 1994. , 56. lpp.
C 302/38 PT Jornal Oficial da União Europeia 7. 12. 2004 Parecer do Comité Económico e Social Europeu sobre a «Proposta de directiva do Parlamento às ferroviário» licenças das Europeu e do Conselho relativa (versão codificada) empresas de transporte COM(2004) 232 final — 2004/0074 (COD) (2004/C 302/09) Em 27 de Abril de 2004, o Conselho decidiu, nos termos do artigo 71. a do Tratado que institui a Comuni- dade Europeia, consultar o Comité Económico e Social Europeu sobre a proposta supra mencionada. A Secção Especializada de Transportes, Energia, Infra-estruturas e Sociedade da Informação, incumbida da preparação dos correspondentes trabalhos, emitiu parecer em 10 de Junho de 2004, sendo relator E. CHAGAS. Na 410. a reunião plenária de 30 de Junho e 1 de Julho de 2004 (sessão de 30 de Junho), o Comité Econó- mico e Social Europeu adoptou, por 160 votos a favor e 10 abstenções, o seguinte parecer. 1. O objectivo da presente proposta consiste em proceder a uma codificação da Directiva 95/18/CE do Conselho de 19 de Junho de 1995, relativa às licenças das empresas de transporte ferroviário (1). 2. No contexto da Europa dos cidadãos, a simplificação e a clarificação da legislação comunitária revestem-se de grande importância. Por isso, o Parlamento Europeu, o Conselho e a Comissão realçaram a necessidade de codificar os actos legisla- tivos que tenham sido objecto de alterações frequentes e cele- braram, em 20 de Dezembro de 1994, um Acordo Interinstitu- cional autorizando o recurso a um procedimento acelerado. Da codificação não pode resultar qualquer modificação substancial nos actos que dela são objecto. 3. A proposta da Comissão em apreço vem precisamente neste sentido, pelo que o CESE não tem qualquer objecção a apresentar. Bruxelas, 30 de Junho de 2004. O Presidente do Comité Económico e Social Europeu Roger BRIESCH (1) JO L 143 de 27. 6. 1995, p. 70 — Parecer do CESE, JO C 393 de 31. 12. 1994, p. 56.
C 302/38 PL Dziennik Urzędowy Unii Europejskiej 7. 12. 2004 Opinia Europejskiego Komitetu Ekonomiczno - Społecznego w sprawie propozycji dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie licencji dla przedsiębiorstw kolejowych (wersja skodyfikowana) (COM(2004) 232 final – 2004/0074 (COD)) (2004/C 302/09) Dnia 27 kwietnia 2004 r. Rada, zgodnie z artykułem 71 Traktatu ustanawiającego Wspólnotę Europejską, postanowiła zasięgnąć opinii Europejskiego Komitetu Ekonomiczno-Społecznego w sprawie wspomnianej powyżej. Sekcja ds. Transportu, Energii, Infrastruktury i Społeczeństwa Informacyjnego, odpowiedzialna za przygo- towanie prac Komitetu w tej kwestii, przyjęła swoją opinię dnia 10 czerwca 2004 r. Sprawozdawcą był Eduardo Manuel CHAGAS. Na 410 sesji plenarnej w dn. 30 czerwca i 1 lipca (posiedzenie z dnia 30 czerwca) Europejski Komitet Ekonomiczno-Społeczny przyjął niniejszą opinię 160 głosami za, przy 10 głosach wstrzymujących się. 1. Przedmiotem propozycji jest przystąpienie do kodyfikacji dyrektywy Rady nr 95/18/WE z dnia 19 czerwca 1995 r. w sprawie przedsiębiorstwom kole- licencji jowym (1). przyznawania w drodze umowy międzyinstytucjonalnej z dnia 20 grudnia 1994 r. możliwość zastosowania procedury przyśpieszonej. Do aktów stanowiących przedmiot kodyfikacji nie może zostać wprowadzona żadna zmiana merytoryczna. 2. W kontekście Europy obywateli uproszczenie i jasność prawa wspólnotowego nabierają dużej wagi. Dlatego też Parla- ment Europejski, Rada i Komisja podkreśliły konieczność kody- fikacji często zmienianych aktów legislacyjnych oraz uzgodniły 3. Niniejsza propozycja Komisji dokładnie odpowiada temu zamierzeniu i dlatego EKES nie zgłasza do niej żadnych zastrzeżeń. Bruksela, 30 czerwca 2004 r. Przewodniczący Europejskiego Komitetu Ekonomiczno – Społecznego Roger BRIESCH (1) Dz. U. WE L 143 z dn. 27. 6. 1995, str. 70 – Opinia EKES: Dz. U. WE C 393 z dn. 31. 12. 1994 r. , str. 56.
C 302/38 FI Euroopan unionin virallinen lehti 7. 12. 2004 Lausunto aiheesta ”Ehdotus Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston direktiiviksi rautatieyritysten toimiluvista” (kodifioitu toisinto) (KOM(2004) 232 lopullinen — 2004/0074 COD) (2004/C 302/09) Neuvosto päätti 27. huhtikuuta 2004 Euroopan yhteisön perustamissopimuksen 71 artiklan nojalla pyytää Euroopan talous- ja sosiaalikomitean lausunnon edellä mainitusta aiheesta. Asian valmistelusta vastannut lausuntonsa 10. kesäkuuta 2004. Esittelijä oli Eduardo Chagas. ”liikenne, energia, perusrakenteet, tietoyhteiskunta” -erityisjaosto antoi Euroopan talous- ja sosiaalikomitea hyväksyi 30. kesäkuuta ja 1. heinäkuuta 2004 pitämässään 410. täysis- tunnossa (kesäkuun 30. päivän kokouksessa) seuraavan lausunnon. Äänestyksessä annettiin 160 ääntä puolesta 10:n pidättyessä äänestämästä. 1 Komission ehdotuksella on tarkoitus kodifioida rautatieyri- tysten toimiluvista kesäkuun 19. päivänä 1995 annettu neuvoston direktiivi 95/18/EY (1). Kansalaisten Euroopassa yhteisön lainsäädännön yksinker- 2 taistaminen ja selkeys ovat erittäin tärkeitä. Euroopan parla- mentti, neuvosto ja komissio ovat sen vuoksi korostaneet tarvetta kodifioida usein muutettuja säädöksiä, ja ne ovat sopi- neet 20. joulukuuta 1994 tehdyllä toimielinten välisellä sopi- muksella nopeutetusta käsittelymenettelystä. Kodifioinnissa ei saa muuttaa kodifioitavien säädösten asiasisältöä. Käsillä oleva komission ehdotus noudattaa täysin kyseistä 3 sääntöä, eikä ETSK esitä niin ollen mitään huomautuksia. Bryssel 30. kesäkuuta 2004 Euroopan talous- ja sosiaalikomitean puheenjohtaja Roger BRIESCH (1) EYVL L 143, 27. 6. 1995, s. 70. — ETSK:n lausunto: EYVL C 393, 31. 12. 1994, s. 56.
C 302/38 HU Az Európai Unió Hivatalos Lapja 2004. 12. 7. Az Európai Gazdasági és Szociális Bizottság véleménye a következő témában: „Az Európai Parla- ment és a Tanács irányelvjavaslata a vasúti vállalkozások engedélyezéséről” (kodifikált változat) (COM(2004) 232 végleges – 2004/0074 (COD)) (2004/C 302/09) 2004. április 27-én a Tanács úgy határozott, hogy kikéri az Európai Gazdasági és Szociális Bizottság véle- ményét az Európai Közösséget létrehozó szerződés 71. cikkelye alapján a fent említett kérdésben. A „Közlekedés, energia, infrastruktúra és információs társadalom” szekció, melynek az volt a feladata, hogy a Bizottság munkáját előkészítse ezzel a témával kapcsolatban, június 10-én fogadta el véleményét. Az előadó E. M. CHAGAS volt. Az Európai Gazdasági és Szociális Bizottság 2004. június 30-án és július 1-jén tartott, 410. plenáris ülésén (a június 30-i ülésen) elfogadta a következő véleményt 160 igen szavazattal, 10 tartózkodás mellett. jogi intézkedéseknek a azoknak a iktatására, amelyeket gyakran módosítottak, és amelyekre az 1994. december 20-i intézményközi egyezmény értelmében alkalmaz- ható a gyorsított eljárás. A törvénybe iktatott határozatok lényegén már nem lehet módosítani. törvénybe Az Európai Bizottság javaslata megfelel ennek az elvá- 3. rásnak, ezért az EGSzB-nek nincs ellenvetése. az Európai Gazdasági és Szociális Bizottság elnöke Roger BRIESCH 1. Jelen javaslat célja az 1995. június 19-én kelt 95/18/EK számú, a vasúti vállalkozások engedélyezéséről (1) szóló tanácsi irányelv törvénybe iktatása. Ha Polgárok Európájáról beszélünk, nagyon fontos, hogy 2. a Közösség átláthatóbbak legyenek. Az Európai Parlament, a Tanács és az Európai Bizottság ezért mindig is hangsúlyozta, hogy szükség van egyszerűbbek jogszabályai és Brüsszel, 2004. június 30. (1) HL L 143. , 1995. 6. 27. , 70. o. – EGSzB-vélemény: HL C 393. , 1994. 12. 31. , 56. o.
C 302/38 ET Euroopa Liidu Teataja 7. 12. 2004 Arvamus, “Ettepanek Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu direktiiviks raudtee-ettevõtetele lubade andmise kohta (konsolideeritud tekst)”, COM(2004) 232 lõplik – 2004/0074 (COD) (2004/C 302/09) Nõukogu otsustas 27. aprillil 2004. a taotleda majandus- ja sotsiaalkomiteelt EÜ asutamislepingu artikli 71 kohaselt arvamust järgneva kohta: “Ettepanek Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu direktiiviks raudtee-ettevõte- tele lubade andmise kohta (konsolideeritud tekst)”. Transpordi, energia, infrastruktuuri ja infoühiskonna osakond, millele tehti ülesandeks ettevalmistuste tege- mine, võttis arvamuse vastu 10. mail 2004. a. Ettekandjaks oli hr Chagas. Euroopa Majandus- ja Sotsiaalkomitee võttis oma 410. täiskogu istungil 30. juunil ja 1. juulil 2004. a (30. juuni koosolekul) 160 poolt- ning 10 erapooletu häälega, vastu järgmise arvamuse: Ettepaneku eesmärgiks on nõukogu 19. 1. juuni 1995. a direktiivi 95/18/EÜ raudtee-ettevõtetele lubade andmise kohta konsolideerimine. (1) “Kodanike Euroopa” raames on väga oluline, et Ühenduse 2. õigusaktid omandaksid lihtsama, selgema vormi. Seetõttu rõhutasid Euroopa Parlament, nõukogu ja komisjon vajadust kõigi juba tihti muudetud õigusaktide konsolideerimiseks ja 20. detsembril 1994. a sõlmiti institutsioonidevaheline kokku- lepe, mis võimaldab kiirendatud menetlust. Konsolideerimise tõttu ei tohi tekkida mingeid muutusi vastavates õigusaktides. Kuna käesolev komisjoni 3. ettepanek on just suunatud, ei ole EMSK-l välja tuua mingeid vastuväiteid. sellele Brüsselis, 30. juuni 2004. Euroopa majandus- ja sotsiaalkomitee president Roger BRIESCH (1) EÜT L 143, 27. 6. 1995, lk 70 – EMSK arvamus: EÜT C 393, 31. 12. 1994, lk 56.
C 302/38 LT Europos Sąjungos oficialusis leidinys 2004 12 7 Nuomonė dėl „Pasiūlymo Europos Parlamento ir Tarybos direktyvai dėl geležinkelio įmonių licen- cijavimo“ (kodifikuota versija) (COM(2004) 232 galutinis — 2004/0074 (COD)) (2004/C 302/09) 2004 m. balandžio 27 d. Taryba, vadovaudamasi Europos Bendrijos steigimo sutarties 71 straipsniu, nusprendė paprašyti Europos Ekonomikos ir socialinių reikalų komiteto pateikti nuomonę dėl „Pasiūlymo Europos Parlamento ir Tarybos direktyvai dėl geležinkelio įmonių licencijavimo“ (kodifikuota versija). Transporto, energetikos, infrastruktūros ir informacinės visuomenės skyrius, atsakingas už komiteto darbo šiuo klausimu parengimą, 2004 m. birželio 10 d. patvirtino nuomonę. Pranešėjas buvo p. Chagas. 410-oje plenarinėje sesijoje, įvykusioje 2004 m. birželio 30 d. – liepos 1 d. (2004 m. birželio 30 d. posėdis) Europos Ekonomikos ir socialinių reikalų komitetas, 160 nariams balsavus „už“ ir 10 susilaikius, priėmė šią nuomonę. 1. Pasiūlymo tikslas yra kodifikuoti 1995 m. birželio 19 d. Tarybos direktyvą 95/18/EB dėl geležinkelio įmonių licencija- vimo (1). 2. Bendrijos teisės supaprastinimas ir aiškumas yra labai svarbus Europos tautų potekstėje. Europos Parlamentas, Taryba ir Komisija todėl pabrėžia poreikį kodifikuoti priimamus įsta- tymus, kurie dažnai keičiami, bei 1994 m. gruodžio 20 d. sudarė tarpžinybinę sutartį dėl greitesnių procedūrų panaudo- teisės aktas kodifi- jimo. Negalimi esminiai pakeitimai, kai kuotas. Komisijos pasiūlymas atitinka šį 3. EESRK neturi jokių prieštaravimų. reikalavimą ir todėl Briuselis, 2004 m. birželio 30 d. Europos ekonominio ir socialinių reikalų komiteto pirmininkas Roger BRIESCH (1) EESRK nuomonė, OL L 143, 1995 06 27, p. 70. OL C 393, 1994 12 31, p. 56.
C 302/38 NL Publicatieblad van de Europese Unie 7. 12. 2004 Advies van het Europees Economisch en Sociaal Comité over het „Voorstel voor een richtlijn van het Europees Parlement en de Raad betreffende de verlening van vergunningen aan spoorwegon- dernemingen” (gecodificeerde versie) COM(2004) 232 def. – 2004/0074 (COD) (2004/C 302/09) Op 27 april 2004 heeft de Raad besloten het Europees Economisch en Sociaal Comité overeenkomstig artikel 71 van het EG-Verdrag te raadplegen over voornoemd voorstel. De gespecialiseerde afdeling „Vervoer, energie, infrastructuur, informatiemaatschappij”, die met de voorbe- reiding van het advies was belast, heeft haar advies op 10 juni 2004 goedgekeurd. Rapporteur was de heer CHAGAS. Tijdens zijn 410e zitting op 30 juni en 1 juli 2004 (vergadering van 30 juni) heeft het Europees Econo- misch en Sociaal Comité het volgende advies uitgebracht, dat met 160 stemmen vóór (bij 10 onthou- dingen), is goedgekeurd. 1. Dit voorstel beoogt de codificatie van Richtlijn 95/18/EG van de Raad van 19 juni 1995 betreffende de verlening van vergunningen aan spoorwegondernemingen (1). 2. In de context van een „Europa van de burgers” is het van groot belang dat het Gemeenschapsrecht begrijpelijk en trans- parant is. Europees Parlement, Raad en Commissie hebben er dan ook op gewezen dat meermaals gewijzigde wetteksten een Interinstitutioneel gecodificeerd moeten worden; bij Akkoord van 20 december 1994 zijn zij een versnelde werkme- thode hiervoor overeengekomen. Bij codificatie mogen geen inhoudelijke wijzigingen in de betrokken wetteksten aange- bracht worden. 3. Het onderhavige Commissievoorstel voldoet helemaal aan het doel van codificatie; het EESC maakt er dan ook geen bezwaar tegen. Brussel, 30 juni 2004 De voorzitter van het Europees Economisch en Sociaal Comité Roger BRIESCH (1) PB L 143 van 27. 6. 1995, blz. 70; EESC-advies: PB C 393 van 31. 12. 1994, blz. 56.
C 302/38 IT Gazzetta ufficiale dell'Unione europea 7. 12. 2004 Parere del Comitato economico e sociale europeo in merito alla Proposta di direttiva del Parla- mento europeo e del Consiglio relativa alle licenze delle imprese ferroviarie (versione codificata) (COM(2004) 232 def. — 2004/0074 (COD)) (2004/C 302/09) Il Consiglio, in data 27 aprile 2004, ha deciso, conformemente al disposto dell'articolo 71 del Trattato che istituisce la Comunità europea, di consultare il Comitato economico e sociale europeo in merito alla proposta di cui sopra. La sezione specializzata Trasporti, energia, infrastrutture e società dell'informazione, incaricata di preparare i lavori del Comitato in materia, ha formulato il proprio parere in data 10 giugno 2004, sulla base del progetto predisposto dal relatore CHAGAS. Il Comitato economico e sociale europeo, in data 30 giugno 2004, nel corso della 410a sessione plenaria, ha adottato il seguente parere con 160 voti favorevoli e 10 astensioni. 1. Lo scopo della proposta di direttiva è quello di avviare la codificazione della direttiva 95/18/CE del Consiglio, del 19 giugno 1995, relativa alle licenze delle imprese ferroviarie (1). 2. Nel contesto dell'Europa dei cittadini, la semplificazione e la chiara formulazione della normativa comunitaria rivestono notevole il Parlamento europeo, il Consiglio e la Commissione hanno sottolineato la necessità di procedere alla codificazione degli atti legislativi che importanza. Per questo motivo, sono stati oggetto di modifiche frequenti; a tal fine, in data 20 dicembre 1994, hanno concluso un accordo interistituzio- ricorso a una procedura accelerata. nale che autorizza il Mediante la codificazione non possono essere introdotte modi- fiche sostanziali agli atti oggetto della stessa. La proposta in esame rispetta queste disposizioni: il CESE 3. non ha pertanto obiezioni in merito. Bruxelles, 30 giugno 2004. Il Presidente del Comitato economico e sociale europeo Roger BRIESCH (1) GU L 143 del 27. 6. 1995, pag. 70. Parere del CESE: GU C 393 del 31. 12. 1994, pag. 56.
C 302/38 ES Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea 7. 12. 2004 Dictamen del Comité Económico y Social Europeo sobre la «Propuesta de Directiva del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo sobre concesión de licencias a las empresas ferroviarias (versión codificada)» [COM(2004) 232 final — 2004/0074 (COD)] (2004/C 302/09) El 27 de abril de 2004, de conformidad con el artículo 71 del Tratado constitutivo de la Comunidad Europea, el Consejo decidió consultar al Comité Económico y Social Europeo sobre la propuesta mencio- nada. La Sección Especializada de Transportes, Energía, Infraestructuras y Sociedad de la Información, encargada de preparar los trabajos en este asunto, aprobó su dictamen el 10 de junio de 2004 (ponente: Sr. CHAGAS). En su 410o Pleno de los días 30 de junio y 1 de julio de 2004 (sesión del 30 de junio), el Comité Econó- mico y Social Europeo ha aprobado por 160 votos a favor y 10 abstenciones el presente Dictamen. 1. El objeto de la propuesta examinada es proceder a la codi- ficación de la Directiva del Consejo 95/18/CE, de 19 de junio de 1995, relativa al establecimiento de normas comunes para determinados transportes de mercancías por carretera (1). 2. la En el contexto de «La Europa de los ciudadanos», simplificación y claridad del Derecho comunitario revisten gran importancia. Por ello, el Parlamento Europeo, el Consejo y la Comisión subrayaron la necesidad de codificar los actos legisla- tivos que sufran frecuentes modificaciones y convinieron, mediante el Acuerdo interinstitucional de 20 de diciembre de 1994, en que podría adoptarse a tal fin un método de trabajo acelerado. La codificación no puede tener por resultado la introducción de ninguna modificación sustantiva en los actos objeto de la misma. La propuesta de la Comisión objeto de examen responde 3. precisamente a tal intención, por lo que el CESE la suscribe plenamente. Bruselas, 30 de junio de 2004. El Presidente del Comité Económico y Social Europeo Roger BRIESCH (1) DO L 143 de 27. 6. 1995, p. 70 — Dictamen del CESE: DO C 393 de 31. 12. 1994, p. 56.
C 302/38 EL Επίσηµη Εφηµερίδα της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης 7. 12. 2004 Γνωµοδότηση της Ευρωπαϊκής Οικονοµικής και Κοινωνικής Επιτροπής µε θέµα την «Πρόταση οδηγίας του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου και του Συµβουλίου σχετικά µε τις άδειες σε σιδηροδροµικές επιχειρή- σεις (κωδικοποιηµένη έκδοση)» [COM(2004) 232 τελικό — 2004/0074 (COD)] (2004/C 302/09) Στις 27 Απριλίου 2004, και σύµφωνα µε τις διατάξεις του άρθρου 71 της Συνθήκης περί ιδρύσεως της Ευρω- παϊκής Κοινότητας, το Συµβούλιο αποφάσισε να ζητήσει γνωµοδότηση της Ευρωπαϊκής Οικονοµικής και Κοινω- νικής Επιτροπής για την ανωτέρω πρόταση. Το ειδικευµένο τµήµα «Μεταφορές, ενέργεια, υποδοµές και κοινωνία των πληροφοριών», στο οποίο ανατέθηκε η προετοιµασία των σχετικών εργασιών της ΕΟΚΕ, υιοθέτησε τη γνωµοδότησή του στις 10 Ιουνίου 2004, µε βάση εισηγητική έκθεση του κ. E. Chagas. Κατά την 410η σύνοδο ολοµέλειας της 30ής Ιουνίου και 1ης Ιουλίου 2004 (συνεδρίαση της 30ής Ιουνίου 2004), η Ευρωπαϊκή Οικονοµική και Κοινωνική Επιτροπή υιοθέτησε µε 160 ψήφους υπέρ και 10 αποχές την ακό- λουθη γνωµοδότηση. Στόχος της παρούσας πρότασης είναι η κωδικοποίηση της 1. οδηγίας 95/18/EK του Συµβουλίου, της 19ης Ιουνίου 1995, σχε- τικά µε τις άδειες σε σιδηροδροµικές επιχειρήσεις (1). Στα πλαίσια της Ευρώπης των πολιτών, η απλούστευση και η 2. διασαφήνιση της κοινοτικής νοµοθεσίας έχουν ιδιαίτερη σηµασία. Ως εκ τούτου, το Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο, το Συµβούλιο και η Επιτροπή επισηµαίνουν την ανάγκη κωδικοποίησης των νοµοθετικών πράξεων που έχουν αποτελέσει αντικείµενο συχνών τροποποιήσεων και υπέγραψαν, στις 20 ∆εκεµβρίου 1994, διοργανική συµφωνία που παρέχει τη δυνατότητα προσφυγής στη διαδικασία του επείγον- τος. Η κωδικοποίηση δεν µπορεί να επιφέρει καµία επί της ουσίας τροποποίηση στις πράξεις στις οποίες εφαρµόζεται. Η υπό εξέταση πρόταση της Επιτροπής αποβλέπει ακριβώς 3. στο σκοπό αυτό και, ως εκ τούτου, η ΕΟΚΕ δεν έχει να προβάλει καµία αντίρρηση. Βρυξέλλες, 30 Ιουνίου 2004. Ο Πρόεδρος της Ευρωπαϊκής Οικονοµικής και Κοινωνικής Επιτροπής Roger BRIESCH (1) ΕΕ L 143 της 27. 6. 1995, σ. 70 — Γνωµοδότηση της ΕΟΚΕ: ΕΕ C 393 της 31. 12. 1994, σ. 56.
C 302/38 SV Europeiska unionens officiella tidning 7. 12. 2004 Yttrande från Europeiska ekonomiska och sociala kommittén om ”Förslag till Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv om tillstånd för järnvägsföretag (kodifierad version)” (KOM(2004) 232 slutlig – 2004/0074 COD) (2004/C 302/09) Den 27 april 2004 beslutade rådet att i enlighet med artikel 71 i EG-fördraget rådfråga Europeiska ekono- miska och sociala kommittén om ovannämda förslag. Facksektionen för transporter, energi, infrastruktur och informationssamhället, som svarat för kommitténs beredning av arbetet, antog sitt yttrande den 10 juni 2004. Föredragande var Eduardo Chagas. Vid sin 410:e plenarsession den 30 juni–1 juli 2004 (sammanträdet den 30 juni 2004) antog Europeiska ekonomiska och sociala kommittén följande yttrande med 160 röster för och 10 nedlagda röster. Syftet med förslaget är att åstadkomma en kodifiering av 1. rådets direktiv 95/18/EG av den 19 juni 1995 om tillstånd för järnvägsföretag (1). 2. Inom Medborgarnas Europa är det av stor vikt att förenkla och förtydliga gemenskapslagstiftningen. Därför beto- nade Europaparlamentet, rådet och kommissionen behovet av en kodifiering av de rättsakter som ofta ändrats och slöt den 20 december 1994 ett interinstitutionellt avtal om att påskynda förfarandet. Kodifieringen får inte leda till några innehållsmäs- siga ändringar i rättsakterna i fråga. Det aktuella förslaget från kommissionen är i linje med 3. detta, och därför har EESK inga invändningar. Bryssel den 30 juni 2004 Europeiska ekonomiska och sociala kommitténs ordförande Roger BRIESCH (1) EGT L 143, 27. 6. 1995, s. 70 – ESSK:s yttrande: EGT C 393, 31. 12. 1994, s. 56.
C 302/38 FR Journal officiel de l'Union européenne 7. 12. 2004 Avis du Comité économique et social européen sur la «Proposition de directive du Parlement euro- péen et du Conseil concernant les licences des entreprises ferroviaires» (version codifiée) (COM(2004) 232 final — 2004/0074 (COD)) (2004/C 302/09) Le 27 avril 2004, le Conseil a décidé, conformément à l'article 71 du traité instituant la Communauté euro- péenne, de saisir le Comité économique et social européen d'une demande d'avis sur la proposition susmentionnée. La section spécialisée «Transports, énergie, infrastructures, société de l'information», chargée de préparer les travaux du Comité en la matière, a adopté son avis le 10 juin 2004 (rapporteur: M. CHAGAS). Lors de sa 410ème session plénière des 30 juin 2004 et 1er juillet 2004 (séance du 30 juin 2004), le Comité économique et social européen a adopté le présent avis par 160 voix pour et 10 abstentions. 1. L'objet de la présente proposition est de procéder à la codification de la directive 95/18/CE du Conseil, du 19 juin 1995 concernant les licences des entreprises ferroviaires (1). Dans le contexte de l'Europe des citoyens, la simplifica- 2. tion et la clarté du droit communautaire revêtent une grande importance. Le Parlement européen, le Conseil et la Commis- sion ont donc souligné la nécessité de codifier les actes législa- tifs souvent modifiés, et ont convenu, par un accord interinsti- tutionnel du 20 décembre 1994, qu'une procédure accélérée pourrait être utilisée. Aucune modification de substance ne peut être introduite dans les actes qui font l'objet de la codifica- tion. 3. La présente proposition de la Commission correspond exactement à cette intention et le CESE n'a donc aucune objec- tion à formuler. Bruxelles, le 30 juin 2004. Le Président du Comité économique et social européen Roger BRIESCH (1) JO L 143 du 27. 6. 1995, p. 70 — Avis du CESE: JO C 393 du 31. 12. 1994, p. 56.
C 302/38 EN Official Journal of the European Union 7. 12. 2004 Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the ‘Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the licensing of railway undertakings (codified version)’ (COM(2004) 232 final — 2004/0074 (COD)) (2004/C 302/09) On 27 April 2004 the Council decided to consult the European Economic and Social Committee, under Article 71 of the Treaty establishing the European Community, on the abovementioned proposal. The Section for Transport, Energy, Infrastructure and the Information Society, which was responsible for preparing the Committee's work on the subject, adopted its opinion on 10 June 2004. The rapporteur was Mr Chagas. At its 410th plenary session (meeting of 30 June 2004) the European Economic and Social Committee adopted the following opinion with 160 votes in favour and ten abstentions: 1. The purpose of the proposal is to codify Council Directive 95/18/EC of 19 June 1995 on the licensing of railway under- takings (1). 2. Simplifying and clarifying Community law is a matter of great importance in the context of a people's Europe. The Euro- pean Parliament, Council and Commission have therefore underlined the need to codify legislative acts that have been frequently amended, and agreed by interinstitutional agreement of 20 December 1994 that an accelerated procedure may be used. No substantive changes may be made to acts when they are codified. The Commission proposal complies with this require- 3. ment, and the EESC therefore has no objections to raise. Brussels, 30 June 2004. The President of the European Economic and Social Committee Roger BRIESCH (1) OJ L 143 of 27. 6. 1995, p. 70 — EESC opinion: OJ C 393 of 31. 12. 1994, p. 56.
C 302/38 DE Amtsblatt der Europäischen Union 7. 12. 2004 Stellungnahme des Europäischen Wirtschafts- und Sozialausschusses zu dem „Vorschlag für eine Richtlinie des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates über die Erteilung von Genehmigungen an Eisenbahnunternehmen“ (kodifizierte Fassung) (KOM(2004) 232 endg. — 2004/0074 (COD)) (2004/C 302/09) Der Rat beschloss am 27. April 2004, den Wirtschafts- und Sozialausschuss gemäß Artikel 71 des EG- Vertrags um Stellungnahme zu folgender Vorlage zu ersuchen. Die mit den Vorarbeiten beauftragte Fachgruppe Verkehr, Energie, Infrastrukturen, Informationsgesellschaft nahm ihre Stellungnahme am 10. Juni 2004 an. Berichterstatter war Herr CHAGAS. Der Ausschuss verabschiedete auf seiner 410. Plenartagung am 30. Juni/1. Juli 2004 (Sitzung vom 30. Juni) mit 160 Ja-Stimmen bei 10 Stimmenthaltungen folgende Stellungnahme: 1. Ziel des Vorschlags ist die Kodifizierung der Richtlinie 95/ 18/EG des Rates vom 19. Juni 1995 über die Erteilung von Genehmigungen an Eisenbahnunternehmen (1). Im Rahmen des Europa der Bürger kommt es sehr darauf 2. an, dass die gemeinschaftlichen Rechtsakte eine einfachere, klarere Form erhalten. Daher haben das Europäische Parlament, der Rat und die Kommission die Notwendigkeit betont, alle schon häufig geänderten Rechtsakte zu kodifizieren, und am 20. Dezember 1994 ein interinstitutionelles Abkommen geschlossen, das ein beschleunigtes Verfahren ermöglicht. Aus der Kodifizierung darf sich keinerlei inhaltliche Änderung der jeweiligen Rechtsakte ergeben. 3. Da der vorliegende Kommissionsvorschlag genau in diese Richtung geht, hat der EWSA keinerlei Einwände vorzubringen. Brüssel, den 30. Juni 2004. Der Präsident des Europäischen Wirtschafts- und Sozialausschusses Roger BRIESCH (1) ABl. L 143 vom 27. 6. 1995, S. 70 — Stellungnahme des EWSA: ABl. C 393 vom 31. 12. 1994, S. 56.
C 302/38 SL Uradni list Evropske unije 7. 12. 2004 Mnenje Evropskega ekonomsko-socialnega odbora o „Predlogu Direktive Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o izdaji licenc prevoznikom v železniškem prometu (kodificirana različica)“ (KOM(2004) 232 končna verzija – 2004/0074 (COD)) (2004/C 302/09) Svet se je 27. aprila 2004 v skladu z 71. členom Pogodbe o ustanovitvi Evropske skupnosti odločil, da Ekonomsko-socialni odbor zaprosi za mnenje o naslednjem predlogu: „Predlog Direktive Evropskega parla- menta in Sveta o izdaji licenc prevoznikom v železniškem prometu (kodificirana različica)“. Strokovna skupina Promet, energija, infrastruktura, informacijska družba, ki je pooblaščena za pripravo, je 10. junija 2004 sprejela mnenje. Poročevalec je bil g. Chagas. Na svojem 410. plenarnem zasedanju dne 30. junija in 1. julija 2004 (zasedanje z dne 30. junija 2004) je Evropski ekonomsko-socialni odbor s 160 glasovi za in 10 vzdržnimi sprejel naslednje mnenje: da se kodificirajo vsi pogosto spremenjeni pravni akti in 20. decembra 1994 sklenjeni mednarodni sporazum, ki omogoča pospešeni postopek. Pri kodifikaciji ne sme priti do nobenih vsebinskih sprememb. Ker gre predloženi predlog Komisije v to smer, EESO ne 3. bo vložil nobenih ugovorov. Predsednik Evropskega ekonomsko-socialnega odbora Roger BRIESCH Namen predloga je kodificiranje Direktive Sveta 95/18/ES licenc prevoznikom v žele- junija 1995 o izdaji 1. z dne 19. zniškem prometu (1). V okviru Evrope državljanov je zelo pomembno, da 2. pravni akti Skupnosti ohranijo enostavno in jasno obliko. Evropski parlament, Svet in Komisija so zato poudarili potrebo, Bruselj, 10. junij 2004 (1) UL L 143, 27. 6. 1995, str. 70 – mnenje EESO: UL C 393, 31. 12. 1994, str. 56.
C 302/38 MT Il-Ġurnal Uffiċjali ta' l-Unjoni Ewropea 7. 12. 2004 Opinjoni tal-Kumitat Ekonomiku u Soċjali Ewropew dwar “Il-Proposta ta' Direttiva tal-Parlament Ewropew u l-Kunsill dwar l-għoti ta' liċenzji lill-intrapriżi tal-linji tal-ferroviji (verżjoni kodifi- kata)” COM(2004) 232 finali - 2004/0074 (COD) (2004/C 302/09) Fis-27 t'April 2004, il-Kunsill iddeċieda li jikkonsulta lill-Kumitat Ekonomiku u Soċjali Ewropew, skond Artikolu 71 tat-Trattat li jistabbilixxi il-Komunità Ewropea, dwar “Il-Proposta ta' Direttiva tal-Parlament Ewropew u l-Kunsill dwar l-għoti ta' liċenzji lill-intrapriżi tal-linji tal-ferroviji (verżjoni kodifikata)”. Is-Sezzjoni għat-Trasport, Enerġija, Infrastruttura u s-Soċjetà ta' l-Informatika, li kienet responsabbli għat- tħejjija tax-xogħol tal-Kumitat dwar is-suġġett, adottat l-opinjoni tagħha fl-10 ta' Ġunju. Ir-rapporteur kien Is-Sur Chagas. Waqt is-sessjoni plenarja nru. 410 tat-30 ta' Ġunju u l-1 ta' Lulju 2004 (laqgħa tat-30 ta' Ġunju), il-Kumitat Ekonomiku u Soċjali Ewropew adotta l-opinjoni segwenti, b'160 voti favur u 10 astensjonijiet. leġislattivi jiġu kodifikati atti irrimarkaw il-bżonn li li kienu emendati ta' spiss, u intlaħaq qbil inter-istituzzjonali, fl-20 ta' Diċembru 1994, li dan jista' jsir bi proċedura mgħaġġla. L-ebda bidliet sostanzjali ma jistgħu jsiru meta l-atti jiġu kodifikati. 3. KESE għalhekk m'għandu l-ebda oġġezzjonijiet xi jqajjem. Il-proposta tal-Kummissjoni tosserva din il-ħtieġa, u l- Il-President tal-Kumitat Ekonomiku u Soċjali Ewropew Roger BRIESCH 1. L-iskop tal-proposta hi l-kodifikazzjoni tad-Direttiva tal- Kunsill 95/18/KE tad-19 ta' Ġunju 1995 dwar l-għoti ta' liċenzji lill-intrapriżi tal-linji tal-ferroviji (1). Is-simplifikazzjoni u kjarifikazzjoni tal-liġi Komunitarja hi 2. materja ta' importanza kbira fil-kuntest ta' Ewropa tal-popli. Il- il-Kunsill u l-Kummissjoni għaldaqstant Parlament Ewropew, Brussel, 30 ta' Ġunju, 2004. (1) ĠU L143 of 27. 6. 1995, p. 70 – Opinjoni KESE: ĠU C393 tal- 31. 12. 1994, p. 56.
C 302/38 DA Den Europæiske Unions Tidende 7. 12. 2004 Det Europæiske Økonomiske og Sociale Udvalgs udtalelse om »Forslag til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv om udstedelse af licenser til jernbanevirksomheder« (Kodificeret udgave) KOM(2004) 232 endelig — 2004/0074 (COD) (2004/C 302/09) Rådet for Den Europæiske Union besluttede den 27. april 2004 under henvisning til EF-traktatens artikel 71 at anmode om Det Europæiske Økonomiske og Sociale Udvalgs udtalelse om det ovennævnte emne. Det forberedende arbejde henvistes til Den Faglige Sektion for Transport, Energi, Infrastruktur og Informati- onssamfundet, som udpegede Eduardo Chagas til ordfører. Sektionen vedtog sin udtalelse den 10. juni 2004. Det Europæiske Økonomiske og Sociale Udvalg vedtog på sin 410. plenarforsamling den 30. juni og 1. juli 2004, mødet den 30. juni, følgende udtalelse med 160 stemmer for og 10 hverken for eller imod. nødvendige i at kodificere retsakter, som ofte ændres, og har i en interinstitutionel aftale af 20. december 1994 fastsat, at der kan anvendes en hasteprocedure. Selve indholdet i de retsakter, som kodificeres, må ikke ændres. Kommissionens 3. stående, og EØSU har derfor ingen indvendinger. forslag stemmer overens med oven- Roger BRIESCH Formand for Det Europæiske Økonomiske og Sociale Udvalg 1. Formålet med dette forslag er at foretage en kodifikation af Rådets direktiv 95/18/EF af 19. juni 1995 om udstedelse af licenser til jernbanevirksomheder (1). I forbindelse med borgernes Europa er det vigtigt at gøre 2. EU-lovgivningen klarere og lettere tilgængelig. Europa-Parla- mentet, Rådet og Kommissionen har derfor understreget det Bruxelles, den 30. juni 2004 (1) EFT L 143 af 27. 6. 1995, s. 70 — EØSU's udtalelse EFT C 393 af 31. 12. 1994, s. 56.
C 302/38 CS Úřední věstník Evropské unie 7. 12. 2004 Stanovisko Evropského hospodářského a sociálního výboru týkající se Návrhu směrnice Evrop- ského parlamentu a Rady o vydávání licencí železničním podnikům (kodifikované znění) COM(2004) 232 final – 2004/0074 (COD) (2004/C 302/09) Dne 27. dubna 2004 se Rada rozhodla konzultovat Evropský hospodářský a sociální výbor na základě článku 71 Smlouvy o založení Evropského společenství ve věci Návrhu směrnice Evropského parlamentu a Rady o vydávání licencí železničním podnikům (kodifikované znění). Sekce pro dopravu, energetiku, infrastrukturu a informační společnost, která odpovídala za přípravu práce Výboru na tomto tématu, přijala své stanovisko dne 10. června 2004. Zpravodajem byl p. Chagas. Na svém 410. plenárním zasedání ve dnech 30. června a 1. července 2004 (zasedání ze dne 30. června 2004) přijal Evropský hospodářský a sociální výbor toto stanovisko počtem 160 hlasů pro a 10 členů se zdrželo hlasování. kovat legislativní akty, které byly často pozměňovány, a mezi- institucionální dohodou ze dne 20. prosince 1994 dohodly, že lze použít zrychlený postup. U aktů, které jsou kodifikovány, nelze provádět žádné podstatné změny. Návrh komise tomuto požadavku vyhovuje, a proto EHSV 3. nemá k němu žádné námitky. Prezident Evropského hospodářského a sociálního výboru Roger BRIESCH Účelem návrhu je kodifikovat směrnici Rady 95/18/EC ze železničním června 1995 o vydávání licencí 1. dne 19. podnikům (1). 2. Zjednodušení a vyjasnění práva Společenství je záležitostí, která má v kontextu lidové Evropy velkou důležitost. Evropský parlament, Rada a Komise proto zdůraznily potřebu kodifi- Brusel, 30. června 2004. (1) Úř. věst. L 143, 27. 6. 1995, s. 70 – Stanovisko EHSV: Úř. věst. C 393, 31. 12. 1994, s. 56.
C 302/38 SK Úradný vestník Európskej únie 7. 12. 2004 Stanovisko Európskeho hospodárskeho a sociálneho výboru k návrhu smernice Európskeho parla- mentu a Rady o udeľovaní licencií podnikom v železničnej doprave (kodifikovaná verzia) COM(2004) 232 fin - 2004/0074 (COD) (2004/C 302/09) Rada dňa 27. apríla 2004, rozhodla, v súlade s ustanoveniami článku 71 Zmluvy, ktorou sa zakladá Európske spoločenstvo požiadať o konzultáciu Európsky hospodársky a sociálny výbor vo veci „ Návrhu smernice Európskeho parlamentu a Rady o udeľovaní licencií podnikom v železničnej doprave“ (kodifiko- vaná verzia) Odborná sekcia pre dopravu, energetiku, infraštruktúru a informačnú spoločnosť poverená spracovaním materiálov k danej problematike, prijala svoje stanovisko dňa 10. júna 2004 Spravodajcom bol pán Chagas. Európsky hospodársky a sociálny výbor, dňa 30. júna a 1. júla 2004, na svojom 410. plenárnom zasadaní (schôdzi z 30. júna) prijal nasledujúce stanovisko počtom 160 hlasov za a 10 hlasujúcich sa hlasovania zdržalo. cembra 1994 uzavreli medziinštitucionálnu dohodu o možnosti zrýchleného konania. Kodifikáciou nesmie dôjsť k žiadnym podstatným zmenám v obsahu a náplni kodifikovaných práv- nych aktov. Návrh Komisie sa nesie presne v tomto duchu, a preto 3. EHSV nemá k nemu žiadne námietky a pripomienky. Predseda Európskeho hospodárskeho a sociálneho výboru Roger BRIESCH Cieľom predostretého návrhu je pristúpiť ku kodifikácii 1. Smernice Rady 95/18/ES z 19. júna 1995 o udeľovaní licencií podnikom v železničnej doprave (1). občianskej V kontexte 2. zjednodušenie a vyjasnenie práva Spoločenstva prvoradé postavenie. Európsky parlament, Rada a Komisia preto zdôraznili potrebu kodifikovať právne akty, ktoré boli často menené a dopĺňané, a 20. de- Európy má Brusel, 30. júna 2004 (1) Ú. v L 143 z 27. 6. 1995, str. 70 – Stanovisko EHSV: Ú. v. C 393 z 31. 12. 1994, str. 56.
| 15,990 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125523585
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Loaded
|
None
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Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 38 | 84 |
Loaded
Lied der Industrial-Rock-Band Unit:187
Loaded ist ein(e) musikalisches Werk/Komposition
Loaded künstlerische Form Lied
Loaded Titel
Loaded Interpret Unit 187
Loaded
Loaded instance of musical work/composition
Loaded form of creative work song
Loaded title
Loaded performer Unit 187
| 37,417 |
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenelle-la-Grande
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Frenelle-la-Grande
|
https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frenelle-la-Grande&action=history
|
Basque
|
Spoken
| 288 | 834 |
Frenelle-la-Grande Frantziako udalerria da, Vosgeak departamenduan dagoena, Ekialde Handia eskualdean. 2013an biztanle zituen.
Demografia
Biztanleria
2007an Frenelle-la-Grande udalerrian erroldatutako biztanleak 129 ziren. Familiak 48 ziren, horien artean 4 pertsona bakarrekoak ziren (4 bakarrik bizi ziren gizonak), 16 seme-alabarik gabeko familiak ziren, 24 seme-alabak dituzten bikoteak ziren eta 4 seme-alabak dituzten guraso-bakarreko familiak ziren.
Biztanleriak, denboran, ondorengo grafikoan ageri den bilakaera izan du:
Erroldatutako biztanleak
<noinclude>
Etxebizitza
2007an 52 etxebizitza zeuden, 50 familiaren etxebizitza nagusia ziren eta 2 hutsik zeuden. Etxebizitza guzti hauek 52etxeak ziren. 50 etxebizitza nagusietatik 45 bere jabearen bizilekua ziren, 4 alokairuan okupaturik zeuden eta 1 doan lagata zegoen; 1ek hiru gela zituen, 14 etxek lau zituzten eta 35 etxek bost zituzten. 34 etxek euren parking plaza propioa zuten azpian. 13 etxetan ibilgailu bat zegoen eta 31 etxetan bat baino gehiago zituzten.
Biztanleria-piramidea
2009an sexu eta adinaren araberako biztanleria-piramidea hau zen:
Ekonomia
2007an lan egiteko adina zuten pertsonak 92 ziren, horien artean 66 aktiboak ziren eta 26 inaktiboak ziren. 66 pertsona aktiboetatik 64 lanean zeuden (36 gizon eta 28 emakume) eta 2 langabezian zeuden (2 emakume eta 2 emakume). 26 pertsona inaktiboetatik 8 erretiraturik zeuden, 11 ikasten zeuden eta 7 "bestelako inaktibo" gisa sailkaturik zeuden.
Diru sarrerak
2009an Frenelle-la-Grande udalerrian 49 unitate fiskal zeuden, 121 pertsonek osaturik. Pertsona bakoitzeko diru-sarrera fiskalaren mediana urteko 19.443 euro zen.
Ekonomia jarduerak
2007an zeuden 2 komertzioetatik, 1 bestelako produktu industrialen fabrikazioko enpresa zen eta 1 ostalaritza eta jatetxe enpresa zen.
2000. urtean Frenelle-la-Grande udalerrian 5 nekazaritza-ustiategi zeuden.
Gertuen dauden herriak
Diagrama honek gertuen dauden herriak erakusten ditu.
Erreferentziak
Kanpo estekak
Résumé statistique INSEEren udalerriko estatistiken laburpena.
Évolution et structure de la population INSEEren udalerriko datuen fitxa.
France par comune Frantziako udalerri guztietako datu zehatzak mapa baten bitartez eskuragarri.
Vosgeetako udalerriak
| 33,219 |
https://github.com/hkwgc/open-potato/blob/master/op/PluginUserfile/P3_PluginEvalScript.m
|
Github Open Source
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Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,023 |
open-potato
|
hkwgc
|
MATLAB
|
Code
| 258 | 1,305 |
function varargout= P3_PluginEvalScript(scriptname, subscriptname,varargin)
% スクリプトプラグイン用：実行関数
%
% syntax: varargout= P3_PluginEvalScript(scriptname, subscriptname,varargin)
% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
% scriptname: ファイル名
% subscriptname: サブ関数名: 通常 "createBasicInfo"など
% (通常のスクリプトも実効可能)
% ======================================================================
% Copyright(c) 2019,
% National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
%
% Released under the MIT license
% https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
% ======================================================================
% 変更履歴
% 2014.03.12: 新規作成 MS
%----------------------
% 引数無し ：通常の feval
%----------------------
if nargin==1
if nargout,
[varargout{1:nargout}]=feval(scriptname);
else
feval(scriptname);
end
return;
end
%----------------------
% 特殊 Callback 経由
%----------------------
if ishandle(scriptname)
% !!-- バージョン依存する可能性有り --!!
a=scriptname;
b=subscriptname;
scriptname=varargin{1};
subscriptname=varargin{2};
varargin{1}=a;
varargin{2}=b;
%varargin(1:2)=[];
end
%----------------------
% Feval で実行
%----------------------
isnormal=true;
% 関数ポインタ?
if ischar(scriptname)
% *** MCR 用の配布スクリプト ？ ****** (スクリプト作成ツールと合わせる)
wk='PlugInWrapPS1_';
if strncmpi(wk,scriptname,length(wk))
isnormal=false; % プラグイン
end
% *** MCR 用の配布スクリプト ？ ****** (スクリプト作成ツールと合わせる)
wk='P3Scrpt_';
if strncmpi(wk,scriptname,length(wk))
isnormal=false; % スクリプト
end
end
%----------------------
% Feval で実行
%----------------------
if isnormal
if nargout,
[varargout{1:nargout}]=feval(scriptname,subscriptname,varargin{:});
else
feval(scriptname,subscriptname,varargin{:});
end
return;
end
%================================================================
% 検索パス設定
%=================================================================
fullname= P3_PluginGetScript(scriptname, subscriptname);
% スクリプト実行
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}]=fevalScriptMCR(fullname,nargout,varargin{:});
else
fevalScriptMCR(fullname,nargout,varargin{:});
end
%=================================================================
function varargout = fevalScriptMCR(fname,nout,varargin)
% スクリプト実行
% fname のスクリプトをvarargin/varargoutで実行する。
%=================================================================
if nargin<2,
error('too few arguments');
end
myScriptName=fname;
vai0=varargin;
%vao0=varargout;
nin=length(varargin);
for ii=1:nin
% vin1=varargin{1};
% vin2=varargin{2}; ....
eval(sprintf('vin%d=varargin{%d};',ii,ii));
end
% ファイル読込
[fd,msg]=fopen(fname,'r');
if(msg), error(msg);end
try
c_s = fread(fd,inf,'*char');
fclose(fd);
catch
fclose(fd);
rethrow(lasterror);
end
% 実行
% -- 該当ファイルの入力 --
% nin = 入力引数の数
% vin1 = 第一引数…
% nout = 出力変数の数
% -- 該当ファイルの出力 --
% vout1 = 第一出力引数: …
eval(c_s);
% 結果出力
for tmp_loop_index_xx__ = 1: nout
voutstr=sprintf('vout%d',tmp_loop_index_xx__);
if exist(voutstr,'var'),
varargout{tmp_loop_index_xx__} = eval(voutstr);
else
fprintf(2,'[%s]\n\t[Warn] varargout error in %s\n',fname,voutstr);
disp(C__FILE__LINE__CHAR);
varargout{tmp_loop_index_xx__} = [];
end
end
return;
| 28,111 |
https://github.com/ks78mk2/my-blog-server/blob/master/src/commons/guards/jwt-refresh.guard.ts
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
my-blog-server
|
ks78mk2
|
TypeScript
|
Code
| 85 | 271 |
import { Injectable, ExecutionContext } from '@nestjs/common';
import { AuthGuard } from '@nestjs/passport';
import HttpError from 'src/commons/exception/httpError';
import { TokenExpiredError, JsonWebTokenError, NotBeforeError } from 'jsonwebtoken'
@Injectable()
export class JwtRefreshGuard extends AuthGuard('jwt-refresh-token') {
constructor(){
super();
}
handleRequest(err, user, info: Error) {
if (info instanceof TokenExpiredError) {
throw new HttpError(401, "Refresh 토큰이 만료 되었습니다.", "0001")
} else if (info instanceof JsonWebTokenError) {
throw new HttpError(401, "잘못된 Refresh 토큰입니다.", "0002")
} else if (info) {
throw new HttpError(401, "Refresh 토큰이 존재하지 않습니다.", "0003")
}
return user;
}
}
| 35,112 |
sn86092392_1906-08-22_1_1_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,906 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 2,765 | 3,579 |
KING LAND GONE SLTTLED. Brief Outline of the History of the State’s Most Noted and Costly Law Suit. A conference has been held at Columbus, Ohio, between Henry C. King and others at which was concluded a compromise of the litigation between King, W. M. Ritter Lumber Co., Panther Lumber Co. and Hiram M. Sibley, the latter of New York, over certain timber boundaries claimed by King and adversaries to the parties just mentioned. Mr. King, it is understood, was paid $75,000 cash, and King relinquished his claim and title to certain tracts of land which he claimed as part of the 500,000 acre grant. The compromise disposes of part of the litigation known generally as the King Land Case, and removes from the case some of King’s most active and powerful adversaries. This history of the King land case began on May 4, 1894, when the State brought suit in Wyoming county against Henry C. King and other persons for the purpose of selling for the benefit of the school fund the West Virginia portions of the Robert Morris 500,000 acre grant which was patented by said Morris June 23, 1795. It was alleged that the said grant had been forfeited to the State because of non-charging thereof with State taxes for the five successive years following the year 1883, in which year said grant was alleged to have been redeemed by one Robert E. Ran dell by the payment of all taxes charged or chargeable up to and including said year. Later, on June 25, 1890, King filed his answer claiming to be the owner of the said Morris grant. The matter was referred to a commissioner in chancery. Afterwards the case was heard in court upon the report of the commissioner and a degree entered which set forth that H.C. King had fully redeemed said land. An appeal was taken to the supreme court which set forth that King had the right superior to all others to redeem said land, but reversed and remanded the cause on general terms. The case was afterwards removed to the circuit court of Logan county and afterwards removed to the circuit court of Cabell county, where King filed an amended bill in which he offered and asked to pay taxes on and redeem certain tracts of land within said 500,000 acre grant. The cause was then removed to the circuit court of Marion county when Henry C. King presented to the court his petition and Judge Mason held that much of the land claimed was no part of the Morris grant and therefore not subject to the sale or redemption of said suit and not within its scope nor within the jurisdiction of the court. Litigation has been going on in various courts ever since, and at the last legislature a bill was passed which had considerable bearing on the case and which lessened King’s chances to win. Virginia State Insurance Company, Richmond, Va. The above company, recently admitted to Indiana, makes an exhibit of its resources and liabilities that must be gratifying to its representatives. The company's statement is of June 30, 1900, and shows an increase of $29,000 in reserve during the first six months of the current year and $20,000 in assets. The Virginia State has a capital of $200,000, assets amounting to $744,851, of which $123,355 is surplus over capital, reinsurance reserve and all other liabilities. It was organized forty years ago, is conservative in its investments which consist largely of United States, State and municipal bonds and bank stocks. Its total San Francisco loss was less than $5,000, occasioned by a small reinsurance. It has heretofore limited its operations to its home State, “Olo Virginia," but is now gradually extending its field into the Middle West. Geo. L. Christian is president; Robert Lecky, Jr., vice president and secretary, and H. C. Martin, secretary of the Indianapolis Fire Insurance Company, is State manager for Indiana.—Rough Notes. P. T. McDongal is agent for the Virginia State for Wayne county. Why does the sun burn? Why does a mosquito sting? Why do we feel unhappy in the food Old Summer Time? Answer: we don’t. We use DeWitt’s Witch Hazel Salve, and these little ills don’t bother us. Learn to look for the name. On the box to get the genuine. Sold by The Hloss Drug Co., Curedo: H. Ney Williams, Konova. From the number of attempts made by people in that city to shuffle off this mortal coil, one is inclined to the belief that an epidemic of suicide has struck Huntington. End of Season Sacrifice Prices Have attracted many economical buyers the past few days hunting for Hot Weather Bargains, and although the season is nearing the end, we have many attractive Dress Fabrics and Ready-to-Wear Garments left; many of which we are offering at 1-4 to 1-2 Off. Our Remnant Table just now contains many short lengths. PRICE Very desirable. All Remnants go at ONE HALF. We have a few odd Corsets, too, some of them slight. We have a few, but most of them the regular $1.00 sellers that we have on our table at a uniform price of $1.00 to $2.50. A $9.50 and $10.00 Suits that were bought to retail at $5.50 and considered very cheap at that we are offering at $2.25. They come in Oxfords and Blues, and are strictly all-wool, stylish and well tailored. Ask to see them. Also at 6 o'clock every evening except Saturday. 10c curling allowed on purchases of $1 and over. Put the Poor Democrats. The poor Democrats certainly have been playing in hard luck in recent years. In 1900, they were boldly admitting that times were prosperous, but said that conditions were abnormal and that the bottom was sure to drop out in a few months. This was their plea from every stump and from every Democratic house. But did the bottom drop out? Did a reaction set in? Have their gloomy forebodings been justified? Has the unexampled prosperity of West Virginia received a setback since 1900? Not that anyone knows of. The capital of the manufacturing establishments of West Virginia, according to a census bulletin just issued, increased from 149,103,138 to 5,820,823 between 1900 and 1905. And yet everyone regarded 1900 as a highly prosperous year. There were 4,3,475 people earning days’ wages in these establishments in 1905 against only 33,089 in 1900. They received $21,152,012 in wages in 1905, whereas they received only 12,030,850 in 1900. Thus the average wages of the wage earners in West Virginia factories had increased from $382 in 1900 to $1 a year in 1905. And yet in 1900, the Democrats told the West Virginia workingman that the bottom would soon drop out and their wages would go down. And every workingman will recall how much better times were even in 1900 than they were in 1906, how much more wages they got and how much easier it was to get work. In fact, in 1900 times were so good by comparison with 1896 as to be styled by the Democrats “abnormal.” Furthermore, they said they were “too good to last.” Now when even such piping times of peace and plenty are outdone, when in five years capital increases 76 8 percent, when the earning capacity of the average wage earner increases 26 percent, in the same time to see that the goose which lays the golden egg is not killed again? The fact is that under Republican State and National rule West Virginia has prospered to an unheard-of degree. Why, West Virginian voters were so well satisfied with conditions in West Virginia in 1900 that they gave the Administration an unprecedently large vote that year. And the Republicans did not do more than to promise to keep the pace of prosperity that had already been set. It had not been for the wise, economic laws enacted by the Republican State and Federal Governments does anyone think that those great strides of progress of the past five years could have been made? When things are progressing so well, when everything and everybody is prospering, ought there be a change? If we want to risk a step backward, it would be foolish to make any sort of a change under these circumstances, to turn the Republican party out of power in the interest of any other party, but how much more so would it be when it is the old Democratic donkey that we are asked to pin our faith to! We tried him once! Times went back as fast then as they have gone forward under Republican policies. We followed him once and he led us through the wilderness of financial distress. Shall we leave off following the G.O. Republican which has ever led us through the midst of peace, plenty, and prosperity? Never before has “let well enough alone” been such good advice. And we predict right here that never before will it have been so generally followed as it will be here in West Virginia this year. The Republicans in Congress have helped enact the law which have made West Virginia no prosperous. Senator Klkinn played a conspicuous part in it. It was he who secured the tariff on lumber. It was he who helped put in a dozen schedules that have helped West Virginia in her growth. The Congressmen helped to do it, too. They deserve re-election and the State’s interests require it. The Legislature helped by framing wine and beneficial State laws. They should be returned and they will be, we predict.—Fairmont Went Virginian. Tried to Jump From the Car. Overcome by a mad desire to end her own life, a strange young woman attempted to jump from a tandem Interstate through car last night while it was running at full speed just above Ceredo. The young woman appeared to be about twenty-three years old. She had been sitting in the forward part of the car, when she suddenly got up and started for the front door. She had some difficulty in sliding the door apart and was assisted by a young man who had been sitting near her. The doors once opened, she sprang into the darkness beyond. Only at the last moment did the motorman, seeing her intention, catch her by the arm and by a supreme effort drag her back to the platform. There would have been little chance for her life had she been successful as the car was then on the trestle spanning Twelve Pole river. The girl made no resistance to the motorman and the car was not stopped. The conductor ran hurriedly to the front of the car and brought the young woman back in the car. The girl’s action was entirely unnoticed by the passengers, as it was done so quickly that they did not realize what her intentions were. When she was brought back in the car and her disheveled appearance noted, it was supposed that she had been taken sick. The girl was not heard to give a word of explanation. When the cars stopped in West Huntington, she got off and was seen no more. —Huntington Advertiser, Aug. 14. Galveston's Men Wall makes life now as safe in that city as on the higher uplands. B. W. Goodloe, who resides on Dutton St., in Waco, Tex., needs no sea wall for safety. He writes “I have used Dr. King’s New Discovery for Consumption for the past five years and it keeps me well and safe. Before that time I had a cough which for years had been growing worse. Now it's gone.” Cures chronic Coughs, Colds, Croup, Whooping Cough and prevents pneumonia. Pleasant to take. Every bottle guaranteed. Price $1 and $2. Trial Bottle free. By Bloss Drug Co, Ceredo, and K. Ney Williams, Kenov. Neuro Attemina to A* iijit Little Girl. What is believed to have been an attempt at criminal assault occurred in this city last night when Gertie, the little ten-year-old niece of Chas. Wheeler and wife, of Eighth St. and Fourth Avenue, was snatched by a negro, as she was crossing the alley on the west side of Tenth Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, about nine o'clock, and carried for some distance down the alley. Gertie, in company with another little companion, was walking about thirty feet ahead of an uncle and aunt going up Tenth Street. The little child’s screams attracted her uncle, who immediately ran after her, and the negro seeing the approach of a man, dropped the girl and ran. The child was. Slightly hurt by the fall. The uncle kept in his pursuit but the negro out dismounted him, as Mr. Wheeler is lame, and traces of him were soon lost. The little child was taken to her home on Fifth Street and a bloodhound was put on the track of the negro. Two colored men were arrested, but neither of them could be identified and they were turned loose. —11 uni- Washington, August. Fireman Charley Patton fell from his engine near Prichard the other day and received painful injuries. He was trying to get a drink from the tank when he lost his footing. KENNOVA NEWS. Items About People Whom You Know and Don't Know. Mrs. Will Ramsey is seriously ill. Mrs. Chas. Thacker is visiting friends on Sunday. A. Porter is attending court at Wayne this week. Herbert Heyward spent Sunday with friends in Columbus. Miss Lillian Adkins returned from Portsmouth Saturday. W. C. Smith was a business visitor to Catlettsburg recently. Squire Crosson now occupies the C. Coe property on Maple street. Mrs. W. R. Morris has returned from a visit to her parents at Pratt. A fine cow belonging to L. Yeager was killed by a train Sunday morning. C. G. Gibbs, of Catlettsburg, was a business visitor to our city Saturday. O. R. Carroll, the merchant of Shoals, was in our midst Tuesday evening. Miss Pearl Diamond, of Ashland, was calling on friends here Sunday afternoon. Miss Ada Jones attended the Shriners’ ball at Ashland, Wednesday evening. Miss Ada Jones attended the Shriners’ ball at Ashland, Wednesday evening. Our efficient board of city officials are giving the streets a general cleaning up. Mrs. Lewis and daughter, Miss Lucile, were visitors to Huntington last Friday. Mrs. Alex Southerland, of Arizona, are visiting the family of J. S. Crofton. J. Koudehush returned Saturday from an extensive trip over the lines of the N. & W. Anbury Jackson, of Camden Park, was the guest of his daughter Mrs. Harris, Sunday. Mrs. B. K. Clapp, of Beech St. entertained a number of friends Friday evening. Dutch Kirkpatrick, who has been on the sick list for several days, is reported no better. Mr. Dow Jackson, of Catlettsburg, was here last week the guest of his son, W. W. Jackson. Wm. Lambert, who has been on the sick list for the past few days, is somewhat better. Misses Nellie, Ida and Lou Osgood, of Huntington, were calling on friends here last Sunday. Dr. J. M. Prichard, eye specialist of Ashland, Ky., was here on professional business Saturday. Mr. Higgs is preparing to move his family to Mt. Albans, where he is engaged in the lumber business. Miss Annie Waddle returned Saturday afternoon after a month’s visit with relatives at Rural Retreat, Va. Miss Laura Miller returned Tuesday from the Kessler Hospital at Huntington where she had been receiving medical treatment. Miss Margaret Smith left Wednesday for her home at Waverly, O., after spending two weeks in our city with her aunt, Mrs. W. H. Jones. Engineer A. L. Jackson will move his family to Portsmouth next week. Mr. Jackson is one of the pioneer residents of Kenova and his estimable family will be greatly missed. Papt. Rouse reports that another brakeman was killed on the B. A. O. near Parkersburg last Friday. This is the third brakeman on that road to meet death under the wheels inside. Of ten days. Haven Kirk was called to his home near Roanoke, Va., last Sunday on account of the serious illness of his father. Upon arriving there, he found his parent improved to suit, an extent that he returned to Kenova Tuesday. Mr. Kirk had not been here but a few hours when he received a message that his father had died. In this state, it is not necessary to serve a five days' notice for eviction of a cold. Use the original laxative cough syrup, Kennedy's laxative Honey and Tar. No opiates. Sold by The Biew Drug Co., (registered); H. Noy Williams, Kenova.
| 3,201 |
<urn:uuid:4be11bfc-90b7-4cb7-9f8b-a1f34c4f583f>
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Various open data
| null |
https://www.ugap.fr/laboratoire-1/consommables-scientifiques-gauss-32634/verrerie-36281/verrerie-rodee-37406/valet-en-liege-pour-ballons-jusqu-a-120-mm-p2497766
|
ugap.fr
|
French
|
Spoken
| 298 | 625 |
Magazine Acheter Juste / Nos produits et services / Laboratoire /.../ Verrerie / Verrerie rodée Mortiers Densimètres Dessicateurs Bouchons, capsules Flaconnage échantillothèque Billes de verre Flaconnage de scintillation Piluliers Tubes de culture Ballons Flacons et bouteilles Cristallisoirs, capsules Fioles à vide Supports filtres Entonnoirs Cuves, cloches, verres Flacons de culture Erlenmeyers Béchers Eprouvettes Fioles jaugées Gauss Valet en liège pour ballons jusqu à 120 mm Références : UGAP : 2497766 |
Fournisseur : CORK-120-001 |
Constructeur : CORK-120-001 Fournisseur :
Description Valet en liège pour ballons jusqu'à 120 mm Points forts Positionnement prix Normes Documents annexes Page catalogue Fichier PDF Documentation technique Fichier PDF Caractéristiques Caracteristique(s)Dispositif stérile Non stérileGamme bbMarque LABBOXNomenclature CHU 18.54.Nomenclature Nacres NB.43Nomenclature INSERM NB.NB43Usage unique RéutilisableNomenclature IRSN 189Quantité 1Référence distributeur CORK-120-001Référence fabricant CORK-120-001Poids 0.066Téléphone du titulaire 03.80.56.52.32Délai de péremption 6Titulaire ODILLibellé produit fabricant Valet en liège pour ballons jusqu'à 120 mmLibellé produit habituel Valet en liège pour ballons jusqu'à 120 mmLieu de stockage FranceMatière liègeReprise en cas d’erreur client nonLieu de fabrication EspagneType de produit ValetNomenclature CNRS NB43Nomenclature CEA SHP16Diamètre 120Référence fabriquant similaire FSLP-001-001 Nos clients ont également acheté Boîte en carton de congélation pour 49 tubes à centrifuger de 15 mlPour consulter nos tarifs, veuillez-vous identifier ou nous contacter.QuantitéLa quantité choisie doit être comprise entre 1 et 999 999. 0 restants.Bobine de papier essuie-main 20 cm x 130 m 800 g x 6Pour consulter nos tarifs, veuillez-vous identifier ou nous contacter.QuantitéLa quantité choisie doit être comprise entre 1 et 999 999. 0 restants.Pissette de sécurité PEBD pour eau distilléePour consulter nos tarifs, veuillez-vous identifier ou nous contacter.QuantitéLa quantité choisie doit être comprise entre 1 et 999 999. 0 restants.Pissette de sécurité PEBD pour éthanolPour consulter nos tarifs, veuillez-vous identifier ou nous contacter.QuantitéLa quantité choisie doit être comprise entre 1 et 999 999. 0 restants.previousnext
| 1,087 |
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplec%20de%20Calella
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Aplec de Calella
|
https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aplec de Calella&action=history
|
Spanish
|
Spoken
| 330 | 546 |
El Aplec de Calella o Aplec Pairal de Cataluña, cuyo origen se remonta al 1926, es el decano de los encuentros de sardana, y se celebra en el Paseo Marítimo Manuel Puigvert y el Parque Dalmau de Calella como escenarios naturales.
El encuentro nació para conmemorar el segundo aniversario de la fundación de la Juventud Sardanística de Calella (antecesora de la actual Agrupación Sardanista de Calella), en una salida dominical a la fuente de Santiago, en el término vecino de Pineda de Mar. Así se acordó en la reunión de junta del 31 de enero de 1926 y el mes de mayo se percibía una cuota extraordinaria para afrontar el gasto que supondría hacer venir las parejas Barcelona y La Principal de la Bisbal, las dos mejores del momento. Ante el éxito alcanzado, se repitió cada año y se le llamó El encuentro Levantino de la Sardana.
A partir del 1929 la fiesta se trasladó al Parque Dalmau de Calella, que acababa de convertirse de propiedad municipal y se fijó una fecha definitiva: el primer domingo de junio. Desde entonces, se ha celebrado cada año, salvo dos años en el periodo de la Guerra Civil española.
Después de la Guerra Civil hasta el 1972, la organización estuvo a cargo de "Educación y Descanso". El año siguiente y hasta el 1976, fue una etapa de transición, a cargo del Patronato Municipal de Turismo.
Desde el 1977 hasta la actualidad, la Agrupación Sardanista es la encargada de organizar el encuentro. La visita en 1978 del Muy Honorable Josep Tarradellas, Presidente de la Generalidad de Cataluña, que volvía del exilio, dejó una gran huella en el encuentro.
Los últimos años se ha potenciado la víspera del Encuentro con un concierto la tarde del sábado y el traslado de la audición del domingo por la noche del sábado.
Notas y referencias
Enlaces externos
El encuentro en la Agrupación Sardanista de Calella
Festivales de música de Cataluña
Fiestas de Cataluña
aplec
Organizaciones fundadas en 1926
| 38,414 |
https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/38180
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,019 |
Stack Exchange
|
Iñaki Viggers, Martin Bonner supports Monica, https://law.stackexchange.com/users/18505, https://law.stackexchange.com/users/21143, https://law.stackexchange.com/users/333, https://law.stackexchange.com/users/4570, phoog, user27343
|
English
|
Spoken
| 524 | 701 |
College admissions scandal
During the U.S. attorneys' office press conference, Andrew Lelling said, "We're not talking about donating a building so that a school is more likely to take your son or daughter. We're talking about deception and fraud."
However, are schools really allowed to give some students preferential treatment if their family made significant donations to the university?
No, they are not allowed, as that defeats the purpose of certifying students' learning & aptitude (in the case of public universities, preferential treatment might further have constitutional implications). That being said, your question as it is right now is likely to get downvoted or VTC as off-topic (I'm not doing that, though) because it does not seem to be a question about law.
@IñakiViggers how is "are schools allowed..." not a question about law? What prohibits schools from giving preferential treatment to large donors or their family members?
There are many laws and precedents related to college admissions. And I just read they do allocate spots for legacy students or major donors under “institutional obligations.” I feel like this violates the civil rights act.
@phoog I was thinking from the angle of "Are parents allowed to give any sibling preferential treatment?" not being a question about law despite the detrimental effects from inept discretionary policies as to educating or certifying a student or child, accordingly. But I am glad to see that so far downvoters are applying self-restrain this time. Even if there is no statutory prohibition of preferential treatment to large donors, the value and prestige of pursuing & earning a degree in those schools drops if others can get room and/or diploma essentially by means of bribery.
@user27343 The Civil Rights Act sanctions discrimination on the bases of race/ethnicity, sexual preferences, gender, and few other categories, but it does not encompass economic status.
A private college or university is allowed to grant preferential treatment to anyone they please, except for oen of the reasons prohibited by relevant anti-discrimination law. Such laws vary by state, but generally prohibit preferences based on race, national origin, or gender. Some also include sexual preference or other categories. But I have never heard of a law preventing discrimination based on wealth, or specific donations. None of the Federal civil rights acts have such a provision.
Preferences for so-called "legacy" students -- that is students whose parent or parents (or possibly more remote ancestors) are alumni of the school are common, and I am not aware of any case in which they have been seriously challenged as unlawful discrimination. Preferences for military veterans are also common, and may be mandated for public schools.
For public schools justifying discrimination might be harder, and any relevant legislative polices will need to be considered, but even they can be free to make "rational" distinctions at least.
Not all discrimination is unlawful discrimination -- far from it.
Thanks. I hope one-day college admissions are based on merit alone.
Interesting I wonder if there is a race discrimination case to brought on the practise of legacy students? (In that, historically, students would have been predominantly white, so preferring legacy students is indirect discrimination.)
| 13,943 |
https://github.com/CaliiTapia/pastoral/blob/master/public/vendors/bower_components/jqTree/lib/mouse.widget.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
pastoral
|
CaliiTapia
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 458 | 1,712 |
"use strict";
var __extends = (this && this.__extends) || (function () {
var extendStatics = Object.setPrototypeOf ||
({ __proto__: [] } instanceof Array && function (d, b) { d.__proto__ = b; }) ||
function (d, b) { for (var p in b) if (b.hasOwnProperty(p)) d[p] = b[p]; };
return function (d, b) {
extendStatics(d, b);
function __() { this.constructor = d; }
d.prototype = b === null ? Object.create(b) : (__.prototype = b.prototype, new __());
};
})();
exports.__esModule = true;
/*
This widget does the same a the mouse widget in jqueryui.
*/
var simple_widget_1 = require("./simple.widget");
var MouseWidget = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
__extends(MouseWidget, _super);
function MouseWidget() {
var _this = _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
_this.mouseDown = function (e) {
// Is left mouse button?
if (e.which !== 1) {
return;
}
var result = _this._handleMouseDown(_this._getPositionInfo(e));
if (result) {
e.preventDefault();
}
return result;
};
_this.mouseMove = function (e) {
return _this._handleMouseMove(e, _this._getPositionInfo(e));
};
_this.mouseUp = function (e) {
return _this._handleMouseUp(_this._getPositionInfo(e));
};
_this.touchStart = function (e) {
var touch_event = e.originalEvent;
if (touch_event.touches.length > 1) {
return;
}
var touch = touch_event.changedTouches[0];
return _this._handleMouseDown(_this._getPositionInfo(touch));
};
_this.touchMove = function (e) {
var touch_event = e.originalEvent;
if (touch_event.touches.length > 1) {
return;
}
var touch = touch_event.changedTouches[0];
return _this._handleMouseMove(e, _this._getPositionInfo(touch));
};
_this.touchEnd = function (e) {
var touch_event = e.originalEvent;
if (touch_event.touches.length > 1) {
return;
}
var touch = touch_event.changedTouches[0];
return _this._handleMouseUp(_this._getPositionInfo(touch));
};
return _this;
}
MouseWidget.prototype.setMouseDelay = function (mouse_delay) {
this.mouse_delay = mouse_delay;
};
MouseWidget.prototype._init = function () {
this.$el.on("mousedown.mousewidget", this.mouseDown);
this.$el.on("touchstart.mousewidget", this.touchStart);
this.is_mouse_started = false;
this.mouse_delay = 0;
this._mouse_delay_timer = null;
this._is_mouse_delay_met = true;
this.mouse_down_info = null;
};
MouseWidget.prototype._deinit = function () {
this.$el.off("mousedown.mousewidget");
this.$el.off("touchstart.mousewidget");
var $document = jQuery(document);
$document.off("mousemove.mousewidget");
$document.off("mouseup.mousewidget");
};
MouseWidget.prototype._handleMouseDown = function (position_info) {
// We may have missed mouseup (out of window)
if (this.is_mouse_started) {
this._handleMouseUp(position_info);
}
this.mouse_down_info = position_info;
if (!this._mouseCapture(position_info)) {
return;
}
this._handleStartMouse();
return true;
};
MouseWidget.prototype._handleStartMouse = function () {
var $document = jQuery(document);
$document.on("mousemove.mousewidget", this.mouseMove);
$document.on("touchmove.mousewidget", this.touchMove);
$document.on("mouseup.mousewidget", this.mouseUp);
$document.on("touchend.mousewidget", this.touchEnd);
if (this.mouse_delay) {
this._startMouseDelayTimer();
}
};
MouseWidget.prototype._startMouseDelayTimer = function () {
var _this = this;
if (this._mouse_delay_timer) {
clearTimeout(this._mouse_delay_timer);
}
this._mouse_delay_timer = setTimeout(function () {
_this._is_mouse_delay_met = true;
}, this.mouse_delay);
this._is_mouse_delay_met = false;
};
MouseWidget.prototype._handleMouseMove = function (e, position_info) {
if (this.is_mouse_started) {
this._mouseDrag(position_info);
return e.preventDefault();
}
if (this.mouse_delay && !this._is_mouse_delay_met) {
return true;
}
if (this.mouse_down_info) {
this.is_mouse_started =
this._mouseStart(this.mouse_down_info) !== false;
}
if (this.is_mouse_started) {
this._mouseDrag(position_info);
}
else {
this._handleMouseUp(position_info);
}
return !this.is_mouse_started;
};
MouseWidget.prototype._getPositionInfo = function (e) {
return {
page_x: e.pageX,
page_y: e.pageY,
target: e.target,
original_event: e
};
};
MouseWidget.prototype._handleMouseUp = function (position_info) {
var $document = jQuery(document);
$document.off("mousemove.mousewidget");
$document.off("touchmove.mousewidget");
$document.off("mouseup.mousewidget");
$document.off("touchend.mousewidget");
if (this.is_mouse_started) {
this.is_mouse_started = false;
this._mouseStop(position_info);
}
};
return MouseWidget;
}(simple_widget_1["default"]));
exports["default"] = MouseWidget;
| 13,298 |
US-14234798-A_1
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 1,997 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 2,309 | 3,053 |
Method for data flow control between layers of a layered communication protocol
ABSTRACT
A method for data flow control in a device using a layered communication protocol, in which method data units are transmitted asynchronously between two adjacent layers, and the data transmission rate is adjusted by controlling the transmission of data units. In order to provide a method with which if would be easy to allow for interlayer delays and buffering of primitives, the known “sliding window” method is applied in the method so that a serial number (x) is assigned to each data unit to be transmitted, and the transmitting layer maintains a transmission window (W) consisting of a variable group of serial numbers and transmits the data unit to be transmitted only if the serial number of that particular data unit is a part of said group.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method described in the preamble of the attached claim 1 for data flow control in connection with layered communication protocols. In principle, the invention can be applied to any layered communication protocol, although it is preferably used in a system operating in accordance with the OSI model.
DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
The Open Systems Interconnection reference model (OSI) is a standard created by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and it describes the concepts used to define communication between computers. Systems operating in accordance with the OSI model are called open systems.
An open reference model defines the structure and functions of the communicating system. The structure is based on logical parts, i.e. layers, totalling seven, as shown in FIG. 1. The functions are divided into functions between devices on the same layer whose definitions are called protocols, and functions, or services, inside the devices between successive layers. The idea of a layered structure is that changes in one layer do not cause changes in any other layers. Hence layer specific standards may be developed independently.
An individual layer in the OSI model utilizes the services offered by a lower layer, processes them and offers its own services to upper layers. Two entities of layer (N), physically located in different devices, communicate using the protocol of that particular layer. Such entities are called peer entities.
FIG. 2 illustrates the interlayer operation in the OSI model. Entities in layer (N+1) obtain layer (N) services via layer (N) Service Access Points, (N)-SAP. Entity (N+1) may be simultaneously linked to one or more (N)-SAPs, which in turn are linked to one entity (N), i.e. only one entity of the layer is visible from one service access point.
Two peer entities in different devices communicate by exchanging data units PDU conforming with the layer (N) protocol. These units comprise Protocol Control Information, PCI, conforming with the layer (N) protocol, and layer (N) user data. Since PDUs are transferred between systems in the bit stream of the physical connection, each PDU needs a definition of its presentation as a bit string.
In transmission from layer (N+1) to layer (N), (N+1)-PDUs are disassembled (assembled in a reverse transmission direction) into (N) Service Data Units, (N)-SDU, which are transferred across the interlayer interface in layer (N) Interface Data Units (N)-IDU. An (N)-IDU comprises Interface Control Information (N)-ICI and a whole (N)-SDU or a part thereof. The interface data unit (N)-IDU is transferred via the (N)-SAP to layer (N) where it is again disassembled into a part of the (N)-SDU and ICI.
In layer (N) the (N)-SDU can be divided into one or more N-PDUs as (N) user data. If layer (N) does not disassemble the SDU obtained from layer (N+1) into several layer (N) PDUs, one layer (N) PDU corresponds to an SDU obtained from a higher layer.
The services offered by layer (N) to an upper layer are visible via the service point (N)-SAP. These interlayer services are abstract functions independent of the implementation, and called service primitives. (N) service primitives can be implemented as e.g. a group of interface data units (N)-IDU.
In the above the OSI model has been described in order to facilitate understanding the description presented below and the problem behind the invention. Since the actual invention is not associated with the OSI model proper, it will not be described in more detail here. The OSI model has been described e.g. in reference Leena Jaakonmä ki: Lä hiverkko-opas, ISBN 951-762-159-0, chapter 2.2.1, where the reader may find a more detailed description of the subject matter.
Most protocol layer service interfaces of the OSI or any other layer model do not define the mechanisms for controlling the flow of SDUs across the service interface. That is, neither the user of the service nor its provider has a defined way of refusing to receive SDUs or to limit their number. However, in most cases this function has to be implemented somehow or other (or the lack thereof has to be allowed for).
Methods used in known implementations vary widely. If there is interlayer flow control, it is usually rather primitive. As an example my be given a primitive used to notify one party that no more SDUs can be received (causing a total stop to the operation of the transmitting layer). The same or another primitive is used to notify that SDUs can again be received. This method is quite clumsy and ineffective in architectures where interlayer communication is asynchronous (i.e. the receiving layer performs buffering), and the effect of the primitive is not immediate. Known methods based on acknowledgement are also ineffective since the required acknowledgements essentially increase the amount of traffic.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to accomplish an improvement to the above drawback by providing a new kind of method for flow control in asynchronous data transmission between two successive layers. This object is achieved with the method of the invention, which is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of the attached claim 1.
The idea of the invention is to apply the “sliding window” method to interlayer flow control, characterized by communication between entities of the same layer in two physically separate devices, i.e. end systems. The solution of the invention is based on the idea that, due to buffering delay, interlayer communication is similar to peer-to-peer communication inside layers if interlayer communication is asynchronous.
The solution of the invention provides an easy way to allow for interlayer delays and buffering of primitives. At the same time it is possible to use also the SDU acknowledgement mechanism, useful in e.g. memory management.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following the invention and its preferred embodiments will be described in greater detail with reference to examples in accordance with FIGS. 3 and 4 in the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 illustrates the layered structure of the OSI model,
FIG. 2 illustrates the operation of a layer of the OSI model,
FIG. 3 illustrates the method for flow control of the invention, and
FIG. 4 illustrates the concept of a transmission window used in the method of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the following, interlayer communication (N+1) and (N) is considered by means of FIGS. 3 and 4. Primitives DATA.request(data) and DATA.indication(data) are assumed to have been defined in the service interface of the layers. By using the primitive DATA.request(data), entity (N+1) can request entity (N) to transmit one data unit, and by using primitive DATA.indication(data), entity (N) can request entity (N+1) to receive one data unit.
In the following, only the flow control of DATA.request primitives will be described. For this purpose, a positive integer M is defined. Each DATA.request primitive is assigned a serial number x starting with e.g. zero, so that the serial number of each DATA.request primitive is incremented by one, modulo M, compared with that of the previous one (i.e. if the previous serial number was M−1, the next serial number is again zero).
Entity (N+1) operating as the transmitter is assigned variables A and B with zero as initial value. These variables may be assigned values from zero to the value M−1, including the latter. Variables A and B define the transmission window of entity (N+1), illustrated in FIG. 4, where the transmission window is denoted by reference W. In the Figure the transmission window circles clockwise so that A determines its starting point and B its end point (in a window whose size deviates from zero, B always precedes A). Thus, the size of the transmission window may vary constantly.
A primitive by which entity (N) informs entity (N+1) that
a) entity (N) has received and processed the DATA.request primitives up to the serial number a (excluding a), and
b) entity (N) can receive DATA.request primitives up to the serial number b (excluding b)
is added to the service interface.
In the example of FIG. 3 this primitive is denoted by reference DATA.request.ack(a,b). On receiving primitive DATA.request.ack, entity (N+1) assigns values a and b to variables A and B, i.e. parameter a directly updates variable A and parameter b directly updates variable B.
It should be noted that entity (N+1) cannot transmit any DATA.request primitive before entity (N) has increased its transmission window by the DATA.request.ack primitive by assigning at least B a value deviating from zero.
The serial number n (0≦n<M−1) of primitive DATA.request is inside the transmission window if and only if:
A≦n<B when A<B,
0≦n<B or A≦n<M when B<A,
and is otherwise outside the transmission window.
In the example of FIG. 4, M=16, A=14 and B=4, i.e. values 0 to 3, 14 and 15 are inside the transmission window. The Figure also shows by a dashed line a second transmission window W, created from the transmission window W in the case of the receiving layer having received one DATA.request primitive (the value of A has incremented by one) and the receiving layer having permitted the transmitting layer to transmit two new additional primitives (the value of B has been incremented by two).
One of the following always applies to the serial number x of the DATA.request primitive to be transmitted next:
a) x is inside the transmission window, and the primitive can be transmitted, or
b) x=b, and the primitive cannot be transmitted.
The statuses of DATA.request primitives transmitted depend at each instant on the lower limit a of the transmission window. If the serial number of a transmitted DATA.request primitive is outside the transmission window, it is assumed that that particular primitive has been acknowledged by entity (N), and the data structures associated with it can be cleared.
Hence flow control operates in the following manner. Once the transmitting layer observes that it has data to be transmitted, it finds out the next serial number in turn. If the serial number is inside the transmission window, it is attached to the data to be transmitted and at the same time the serial number is incremented by one. Thus, the message is transmitted provided with a serial number (as the DATA.request primitive above, provided with serial number x). The receiving layer updates the information on the latest received serial number (i.e. assigns the value x to a). This value is used in the reply message until the next message is received, and then the value of a is again updated with the received value of x.
The value of parameter b transmitted by the receiving layer is dependent on the buffer space available to the receiving layer at each particular moment. Since the amount of buffer space is specific to the application, the definition of parameter b is not described in more detail here.
Flow control of DATA.indication primitives operates similarly, but the roles of entities (N) and (N+1) have been reversed since the transmission direction is reverse.
Although the invention has been described above with reference to examples in accordance with the accompanying drawings, it will be appreciated that the invention is not to be so limited, but may be modified within the scope of the inventive idea disclosed above and in the appended claims. In the above example the transmitting layer updated the starting point of the window after receiving acknowledgement from the receiving layer. It is also possible to update the starting point immediately after transmission of the message (without waiting for acknowledgement). Neither is it of any consequence to the invention whether or not the values corresponding to the starting and/or end points of the transmission window are considered to form part of the transmission window.
What is claimed is:
1. A method for data flow control in a device using a layered communication protocol, in which the method, comprises the steps of transmitting data units asynchronously between two successive layers; and adjusting a data transmission rate by controlling the transmission of data units, wherein a “sliding window” method is applied in the method, whereby a serial number is assigned to each data unit to be transmitted, and a transmitting layer maintains a transmission window consisting of a variable group of serial numbers and transmits the data unit to be transmitted only if the serial number of a particular data unit is a part of said group.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a value constituting a starting point of the transmission window is updated by means of serial number values transmitted by a receiving layer.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a value constituting an end point of the transmission window is updated by means of serial number values transmitted by a receiving layer.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein protocol layers conforming with the OSI model are used in the device.
5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the value constituting an end point of the transmission window is updated by means of serial number values transmitted by the receiving layer..
| 27,061 |
US-201716337786-A_1
|
USPTO
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Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,017 |
None
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None
|
English
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Spoken
| 4,043 | 4,595 |
Cooling water reservoir and passive cooling system comprising same for reactor containment building
ABSTRACT
An object of the present invention is to provide a cooling water storage reservoir capable of passive cooling a reactor containment building in order to prevent the reactor containment building from being re-pressurized and reheated in the event of a serious accident. The cooling water storage reservoir comprises: a storage tank forming a first storage space in which cooling water is stored; a compartment tank disposed inside the storage tank and forming a second storage space separated from the first storage space; and an inlet which is provided in the compartment tank and allows the cooling water in the first storage space to naturally flow into the second storage space when the water level in the second storage space decreases.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a cooling water storage reservoir and a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system including the same, and more particularly, to a cooling water storage reservoir for cooling a nuclear reactor building and a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system including the same.
BACKGROUND ART
In general, in the event of a severe accident at a nuclear power plant, a radioactive material is discharged together with steam into the nuclear reactor building and thus a temperature and pressure in the nuclear reactor building rise sharply. In this case, when the rising temperature and pressure are not adjusted, the nuclear reactor building may be destroyed. Therefore, a nuclear reactor building cooling system is provided in the nuclear reactor building and thus in the event of a severe accident, the rising temperature and pressure may be adjusted.
However, in the event of a severe accident, it is difficult for an operator to access to control the cooling system, and there is a problem that the cooling system does not operate properly due to a problem such as a power loss. Therefore, a passive cooling system is applied. The passive cooling system may include a cooling water storage reservoir installed outside the nuclear reactor building and a heat exchanger extended from the cooling water storage reservoir into the nuclear reactor building.
Therefore, in the event of a severe accident, as the heat exchanger operates, the nuclear reactor building is cooled. Here, at the beginning of the accident, thermal energy is smoothly removed by a low temperature of cooling water. However, when a temperature of cooling water rises due to repeated heat exchange, thermal energy may not be completely removed and thus there is a problem that a temperature and pressure of the nuclear reactor building rise again.
DISCLOSURE Technical Problem
The present invention provides a cooling water storage reservoir for preventing a nuclear reactor building from being re-pressed and reheated while cooling the nuclear reactor building in the event of a severe accident and a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system including the same.
Technical Solution
A cooling water storage reservoir capable of passively cooling a building includes: a storage tank forming a first storage space in which cooling water is stored; a compartment tank disposed inside the storage tank and forming a second storage space separated from the first storage space; and an inlet provided in the compartment tank and allowing the cooling water in the first storage space to naturally flow into the second storage space when a water level in the second storage space is decreased.
The reservoir may further include a heat exchanger which extends from the compartment tank to the building and cooling the building based on cooling water in the second storage space.
The compartment tank may be provided in an enclosure shape.
The compartment tank may be provided in a cylindrical shape.
A capacity of the second storage space may be smaller than a capacity of the first storage space.
The inlet may be provided as a plurality of inlets, and the plurality of inlets may be arranged at a same height.
Meanwhile, a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to the present invention is disposed adjacent to an outer wall of a nuclear reactor building to passively cool the nuclear reactor building and includes: a storage tank forming a first storage space in which cooling water is stored; a compartment tank disposed inside the storage tank and forming a second storage space separated from the first storage space; and an inlet provided in the compartment tank and allowing the cooling water in the first storage space to naturally flow into the second storage space when a water level in the second storage space is decreased.
The system may further include a heat exchanger extending from the compartment tank to the reactor containment building and configured to cool the reactor containment building based on cooling water in the second storage space.
The compartment tank may be provided in an enclosure shape.
The compartment tank may be provided in a cylindrical shape.
A capacity of the second storage space may be smaller than a capacity of the first storage space.
The inlet may be provided as a plurality of inlets, and the plurality of inlets may be arranged at a same height.
Advantageous Effects
A cooling water storage reservoir and a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system including the same according to the present invention can quickly stabilize a performance of the nuclear reactor building passive cooling system, thereby preventing performance deterioration of the nuclear reactor building passive cooling system.
Further, a cooling water storage reservoir and a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system including the same according to the present invention can continuously reduce a pressure and temperature of the nuclear reactor building, thereby suppressing occurrence of a secondary accident such as destruction. of the nuclear reactor building.
The technical effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other technical effects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a conceptual view schematically illustrating a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to the present embodiment taken along line I-I′ of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a cooling water storage reservoir of a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a cooling water storage reservoir of a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to the present embodiment taken along line II-II′ of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating changes in an internal pressure and temperature of a nuclear reactor building according to use of a cooling water storage reservoir of a conventional passive cooling system;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating changes in an internal pressure and temperature of a nuclear reactor building according to use of a cooling water storage reservoir of a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to the present embodiment; and
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a cooling water storage reservoir of a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to another embodiment.
MODE FOR INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. However, it should be understood that the present embodiment is not limited to embodiments described hereinafter, but may be implemented in various forms, and the present embodiments enable to complete the disclosure of the present invention and are provided to know completely the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawing, shapes of elements may be exaggeratingly expressed for better description, and like reference numerals designate like elements in the drawing.
FIG. 1 is a conceptual view schematically illustrating a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to the present embodiment taken along line of FIG. 1.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system 100 (hereinafter, referred to as a cooling system) according to the present embodiment includes a cooling water storage reservoir 110.
The cooling water storage reservoir 110 may be disposed in an upper area of an outer circumference of a nuclear reactor building 10. The cooling water storage reservoir 110 may supply cooling water to the inside of the nuclear reactor building 10, as needed, and in this case, even if main power of a reactor facility is shut off the cooling water storage reservoir 110 may be disposed in an upper area of the nuclear reactor building 10 so as to supply cooling water by natural drop. However, when it is unnecessary to supply cooling water to the inside of the nuclear reactor building 10, a height of the cooling water storage reservoir 110 may be changed.
The cooling water storage reservoir 110 may be disposed in the plural, FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment in which four cooling water storage reservoirs 110 are provided, and the number of the cooling water storage reservoirs 110 is not limited thereto.
A heat exchanger 130 is connected to the cooling water storage reservoir 110. One side of the heat exchanger 130 is disposed inside the cooling water storage reservoir 110 and the other side thereof is extended into the nuclear reactor building 10. For example, an outflow pipe 131 and an inflow pipe 133 of the heat exchanger 130 are extended to the cooling water storage reservoir 110, and a heat exchange unit 135 is disposed inside the nuclear actor building 10. Therefore, in the event of a severe accident, the heat exchanger 130 enables the nuclear reactor building 10 to be cooled based on cooling water stored in the cooling water storage reservoir 110.
The cooling water stored in the cooling water storage reservoir 110 may be received while being partitioned in the cooling water storage reservoir 110. Hereinafter, the cooling water storage reservoir 110 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, a detailed description of the above-described constituent elements is omitted and constituent elements identical to or corresponding to those according to the foregoing embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a cooling water storage reservoir of a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a cooling water storage reservoir of a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to the present embodiment taken along line II-II′.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the cooling water storage reservoir 110 according to the present embodiment includes a storage tank 111. The storage tank 111 may form an outer shape of the cooling water storage reservoir 110 and may be supported to an outer wall of the nuclear reactor building 10. Here, the storage tank 111 forms a space for receiving cooling water therein and may be provided in a substantially cubic shape, but a shape of the storage tank 111 is not limited thereto.
A partition unit is provided in the storage tank 111 to separate a cooling water storage space. The partition unit may be provided as a compartment tank 113. In the storage tank 111, the compartment tank 113 is disposed adjacent to the reactor containment building 10. As a result, a first storage space 111 a and a second storage space 111 c separated from the first storage space 111 a are formed in the cooling water storage tank 110. In this case, the heat exchanger 130 is connected to the second storage space 111 c. In addition, a capacity of the second storage space 111 c may be set to be smaller than a capacity of the first storage space 111 a. For example, the capacity of the second storage space 111 c may be equal to or less than 50% of the total capacity of the storage tank 111.
In addition, a steam discharging port 115 is formed on an upper wall of the storage tank 111. The steam discharging port 115 allows steam generated in response to cooling of the reactor containment building 10 to be discharged to the outside. As a result, breakage or damage of the storage tank 111 due to variation of internal pressure may be prevented.
In addition, a filter 115 a is mounted to the steam discharging port 115. The filter 115 a prevents that harmful matters possibly flowing into the storage tank 111 from the inside of the reactor containment building 10 upon breakage or damage of the heat exchanger 130, for example, radioactive materials, leak to outdoor atmosphere.
Meanwhile, an inlet may be provided in a lower area of the compartment tank 113 to allow the first storage space 111 a and the second storage space 111 c to communicate with each other. Such an input may be provided as a connection pipe 113 a. In this case, the connection pipe 113 a may be provided as a plurality of connection pipes. However, when the connection pipes 113 a is provided as a plurality of connection pipes, the plurality of connection pipes may be arranged at the same height in order to prevent cooling water from circulating by natural convection between the first storage space 111 a and the second storage space 111 c.
In addition, FIG. 4 shows an example in which three connection pipes 113 a are provided, but the number of connection pipes 113 a is not limited. In addition, the present embodiment describes that the connection pipe 113 a is disposed in the compartment tank 113 so as to allow the first storage space 111 a and the second storage space 111 c to communicate with each other. However, a hole, except the connection pipe 113 a, may be formed in the compartment tank 113, and the hole may be provided in any of various shapes including a circle and a slit.
In addition, the present embodiment describes that the compartment tank 113 is provided in an enclosure shape. However, the compartment tank 113 may be provided in a cylindrical shape, as shown in FIG. 8, and the shape of the compartment tank 113 is not limited.
Meanwhile, the connection pipe 113 a forms a path along which the cooling water stored in the first storage space 111 a flows into the second storage space 111 c.
More specifically, upon occurrence of a major accident, the second storage space 111 c connected to the heat exchanger 130 may reach saturation temperature in a short period of time. As a result, this contributes stability of heat removing performance of the cooling system 100, so that temperature and pressure of the reactor containment building 10 is stabilized quickly. As described above, the capacity of the second storage space 111 c is smaller than the capacity of the first storage space 111 a for this purpose.
Afterward, if a refrigerant of high temperature is introduced along the inlet pipe 131, the second storage space 111 c may reach the saturation temperature. In addition, cooling water of the first storage space 111 a is introduced into the second storage space 111 c by passing through the connection pipe 113 a, and the refrigerant of high temperature and the cooling water introduced from the first storage space 111 a circulates.
Accordingly, the cooling water storage reservoir 110 constantly maintains a heat removal performance of the cooling system 100 from the beginning of a severe accident to enable a pressure and temperature of the nuclear reactor building 10 to gradually reduce. Therefore, in a conventional cooling system, while a temperature and pressure of the nuclear reactor building 10 decrease, a heat removal performance decreases due to increase of the cooling water temperature and a problem can be solved that the pressure and temperature of the nuclear reactor building 10 is thus re-pressurized and reheated.
More specifically, the conventional cooling system and the cooling system 100 according to the present embodiment are compared as follows.
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating changes in an internal pressure and temperature of a nuclear reactor building according to use of a cooling water storage reservoir of a conventional passive cooling system. FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating changes in an internal pressure and temperature of a nuclear reactor building according to use of a cooling water storage reservoir of a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to the present embodiment.
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a conventional cooling system operates with temperature and pressure rise of the nuclear reactor building 10 in the event of a severe accident. In this case, the conventional cooling system may reduce a temperature and pressure of the nuclear reactor building 10.
However, in the conventional cooling system, after a predetermined time has lapsed, as cooling water is heated, efficiency of the cooling system is drastically lowered. As shown in a section “A” of FIG. 5, there is a problem that a temperature and pressure of the nuclear reactor building 10 increase again. Particularly, in such a process, the nuclear reactor building 10 may be broken or damaged due to stress applied to the nuclear reactor building 10.
However, in the cooling system 100 according to the present embodiment, when cooling water stored in the second storage space 111 c is converted into steam, cooling water stored in the first storage space 111 a is naturally introduced into the second storage space 111 c. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, temperature and pressure of the reactor containment building 10 may be reduced smoothly upon a serious accident, thereby solving a problem that the temperature and pressure of the reactor containment building 10 are increased again. As a result, it is possible to prevent stress from being applied to the reactor containment building 10.
Hereinafter, an operation of a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to the present embodiment will be described in more detail. However, a detailed description of the above-described constituent elements is omitted and constituent elements identical to or corresponding to those according to the foregoing embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system according to the present embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 7, the cooling system 100 according to the present embodiment may be operated in the event of a severe accident (S100). In this case, steam and radioactive materials are discharged from inside the nuclear reactor building 10, thereby increasing a temperature and pressure of an inner space of the nuclear reactor building 10.
Accordingly, cooling water in the heat exchanger 135 is heated, and the heated cooling water flows into the second storage space 111 c. In this case, the cooling water stored in the second storage space 111 c flows into the heat exchanger 130 to be provided to the heat exchange unit 135. As such, by allowing the cooling water to flow in and out, the cooling system 100 may circulate the cooling water based on a nature force (S200).
Meanwhile, as time passes after occurrence of a major accident, temperature of cooling water in the second storage space 111 c is increased to a boiling point (S300). However, the cooling water stored in the first storage space 111 a remains at an initial temperature without being mixed with the cooling water of the second storage space 111 c.
In addition, a time period required for the cooling water in the second storage space 111 c to reach the boiling point may be shorter than in an existing cooling water storage reservoir having the same capacity of the cooling water storage reservoir 110 according to the present embodiment. As a result, the cooling system 100 according to the present embodiment may be stabilized after a relatively short transition period.
In addition, as the cooling water of the second storage space 111 c evaporates, low-temperature cooling water of the first storage space 111 a may naturally flow into the second storage space 111 c (S400). Accordingly, as heat removing performance of the cooling system 100 is degraded due to the increase in temperature of the cooling water stored in the second storage space 111 c, it is possible to solve a problem that pressure and temperature of the reactor containment building 10 are increased again.
Therefore, a cooling water storage reservoir and a nuclear reactor building passive cooling system including the same can quickly stabilize a performance of the nuclear reactor building passive cooling system, thereby preventing performance deterioration of the nuclear reactor building passive cooling system.
Further, the cooling water storage reservoir and the nuclear reactor building passive cooling system including the same can continuously reduce a pressure and temperature of the nuclear reactor building, and thus a secondary accident such as destruction of the nuclear reactor building can be suppressed from occurring.
The embodiments of the present invention described above and shown in the drawings should not be construed as limiting the technical idea of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the matters described in the claims, and those skilled in the art can modify the technical idea of the present invention in various forms. Accordingly, such improvements and modifications will fall within the scope of the present invention as long as they are obvious to those skilled in the art.
1. A cooling water storage reservoir capable of passively cooling a building, the reservoir comprising: a storage tank forming a first storage space in which cooling water is stored; a compartment tank disposed inside the storage tank and forming a second storage space separated from the first storage space; and an inlet provided in the compartment tank and allowing the cooling water in the first storage space to naturally flow into the second storage space when a water level in the second storage space is decreased.
2. The reservoir of claim 1, further comprising a heat exchanger extending from the compartment tank to the building and cooling the building based on cooling water in the second storage space.
3. The reservoir of claim 2, wherein the compartment tank is provided in an enclosure shape.
4. The reservoir of claim 2, wherein the compartment tank is provided in a cylindrical shape.
5. The reservoir of claim 1, wherein a capacity of the second storage space is smaller a capacity of the first storage space.
6. The reservoir of claim 1, wherein the inlet is provided as a plurality of inlets, and wherein the plurality of inlets are arranged at a same height.
7. A nuclear reactor building passive cooling system disposed adjacent to an outer wall of a nuclear reactor building and capable of passively cooling the nuclear reactor building, the system comprising: a storage tank forming a first storage space in which cooling water is stored; a compartment tank disposed inside the storage tank and forming a second storage space separated from the first storage space; and an inlet provided in the compartment tank and allowing the cooling water in the first storage space to naturally flow into the second storage space when a water level in the second storage space is decreased.
8. The system of claim 7, further comprising a heat exchanger extending from the compartment tank to the nuclear reactor building and cooling the nuclear reactor building based on cooling water in the second storage space.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the compartment tank is provided in an enclosure shape.
10. The system of claim 8, wherein the compartment tank is provided in a cylindrical shape.
11. The system of claim 7, wherein a capacity of the second storage space is smaller than a capacity of the first storage space.
12. The system of claim 7, wherein the inlet is provided as a plurality of inlets, and wherein the plurality of inlets are arranged at a same height..
| 47,744 |
b2170417x_9
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French-PD-diverse
|
Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,815 |
Cours de fièvres
|
Demorcy-Delletre J. B. E | Grimaud J.-C.-M.-G. de (Jean-Charles-Marguerite-Guillaume), 1750-1789 | Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
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French
|
Spoken
| 6,540 | 9,714 |
Mais il ne suffit pas pour comprendre toutes les variations que l’on peut observer à cet égard, de distinguer les fièvres, comme l’ont fait la plupart des nosologistes, en simples et composées. Il est assez rare qu’une fièvre d’un genre quelconque se présente dans un état de parfaite simplicité. L’espèce simple de ces genres ne comprend ainsi qu’un seul cas particulier, le plus rare de tous, tandis que les espèces composées embrassent un nombre considérable de ces différences qui doivent être soigneusement distinguées d’après les rapports des éléments de cette complication. M. Pinel a reproché à Selle d’avoir méconnu les règles de la méthode analytique, en formant les espèces dans chaque genre de fièvre, des complications de ces fièvres avec des inflammations ou d’autres affections locales. Il pense que, dans une méthode vraiment analytique, les fièvres doivent être entièrement séparées des inflammations et des autres maladies aiguës, et il considère les fièvres qui se joignent à ces maladies, comme ne pouvant être que des fièvres symptomatiques ou secondaires. Mais nous avons vu que souvent les rapports de la fièvre avec les inflammations ou les affections particulières qu’elle accompagne, sont bien différents de ceux qui lient les fièvres symptomatiques ou secondaires aux maladies qui les produisent ; que les fièvres concomitantes sont liées d’une manière bien plus intime aux inflammations et aux autres affections locales qui existent avec elles. C’est principalement à raison de ces rapports intimes des fièvres avec d’autres affections malignes, que l’on ne peut point les considérer comme formant une classe naturelle de maladies. Plusieurs, qui n’ont classé les maladies que d’après les différences de leurs symptômes, ont fait une classe particulière des fièvres, qu’ils ont entièrement séparée des inflammations et des autres maladies aigues. Linné, Cullen, qui ont cherché à établir leurs classifications sur les différences plus essentielles de la nature des maladies, n’ont pas cru devoir séparer d’une manière aussi tranchante les fièvres des autres maladies aiguës. Ils ont réuni dans une même classe toutes ces maladies dont ils ont ensuite formé plusieurs ordres. Linné, dans la classe des maladies fébriles, sépare les maladies exanthématiques, des critiques et des phlogistiques, et range les fièvres dans le second ordre. Cullen (Syph. nosol. method., cl. I) dans sa classe des pyrexies, établit un ordre pour les fièvres essentielles ; les phlegmasies, les exanthèmes, les hémorragies forment les autres ordres de cette classe. Vogel (De fig. med., cl. IV) a fait du typhus un ordre distinct dans la même classe des pyrexies. Génération morbide, classe I - encore plus confondue les fièvres avec... Cela ne peut qu'être avantageux de fonder les différences de leurs espèces, sur celles de leur complication, non-seulement pour distinguer ces espèces d'après leurs différences les plus importantes, mais aussi pour les conserver telles qu'elles se présentent le plus souvent à l'observation. Les fièvres de chaque genre se déclarent quelquefois, quoique rarement, dans un état de parfaite simplicité; elles n'offrent alors à l'observateur d'autres caractères que ceux du genre auquel elles appartiennent, et forment l'espèce simple et essentielle de ce genre. Lorsque au contraire une fièvre d'un genre quelconque existe avec une autre maladie, elle peut... Puisqu'il a rangé ces dernières dans la classe des fièvres, et qu'il en a formé un ordre particulier sous le titre de fièvres composées. Selle, dans sa Pyretologie, a également réuni les fièvres aux inflammations, mais sans les confondre, puisque sa méthode suppose une classe particulière d'inflammations, dont les divers genres, en se réunissant à ceux de la classe des fièvres, forment les espèces compliquées de cette dernière classe. M. Pinel, en s'écartant de cette méthode, s'est rapproché de celles de Sauvages et de Sagar. avoir avec elle divers rapports qui établissent, comme nous avons vu, les caractères des fièvres concomitantes, des fièvres symptomatiques et des fièvres compliquées. Ces différences doivent indiquer celles des espèces, et chacune de ces espèces présente encore de nombreuses variétés. Les espèces concomitantes de chaque genre doivent différer entre elles à raison de la nature et du siège de la maladie à laquelle la fièvre se trouve réunie. Les espèces symptomatiques présentent des variétés analogues, mais moins nombreuses. Il en est de même des fièvres compliquées, qui d’ailleurs pouvant se former de la réunion accidentelle d’une maladie quelconque avec une fièvre simple ou essentielle, comme avec une fièvre symptomatique, doivent présenter un plus grand nombre de variétés. Nous verrons, en nous occupant de chaque genre en particulier, quelles sont celles de ces combinaisons qui leur sont les plus familières ; car les fièvres de tous les genres ne se combinent pas de la même manière et sous les mêmes rapports avec toute sorte de maladies. Il faut remarquer que toutes ces divisions et subdivisions sont encore insuffisantes pour indiquer toutes les différences et toutes les variétés des fièvres ; et les méthodes nosologiques n’indiquent ainsi qu’une partie des rapports sous lesquels toutes les fièvres peuvent se présenter. COURS COMPLET DE FIÈVRES. CHAPITRE PREMIER. Description générale des maladies. La maladie considérée d’une vue générale, au moins dans ce qu’elle a d’actif, est un être de même ordre que la vie, qui dépend du même principe, qui tend essentiellement aux mêmes fins, et qui est assujetti à des lois communes. Comme la vie nous est absolument inconnue dans sa nature, comme tout ce que nous en savons se réduit aux phénomènes que nous avons pu saisir, et que l’ensemble ou la collection systématique de ces phénomènes, observés pendant l’état de santé, compose, à proprement parler, tout le fond de notre science physiologique, ainsi que nous l’avons dit ailleurs; de même, pour acquérir sur l’état maladif des connaissances solides, il faut suivre la même route, il faut observer de la même manière; il faut également amasser des faits pour nous procurer des idées; et ces idées seront d’autant plus lumineuses, elles seront d’autant plus éminemment applicables à la pratique, que nous aurons plus multiplié ces faits, et que l’ordre de distribution que nous aurons établi entre eux répondra plus exactement à leurs rapports naturels de dépendance et de succession. Aussi m’attacherai-je principalement à décrire avec soin les différentes fièvres dont j’aurai l’occasion de vous parler. Mais avant d’entrer dans les détails, je m’arrêterai un moment sur la description générale des maladies, d’autant mieux que ce sujet nous mènera comme naturellement à exposer quelques principes qui pourront nous être utiles dans la suite de ce Cours. L’historien des maladies doit s’attacher avant tout aux maladies simples, primitives, élémentaires; et pour saisir chacune de ces maladies dans toute sa vérité, pour se mettre en état d’en former un tableau, dont les traits fortement prononcés puissent s’appliquer sans peine à toutes ses nuances et à toutes ses dégradations indéfiniment variées, il faut qu’il l’étudie dans l’âge, le sexe, le tempérament, le climat, le régime, l’habitude, dont l’observation a démontré la convenance avec elle. Car chaque maladie, comme chaque être de la nature, ne paraît ce qu'elle est, et ne jouit de toute la plénitude de son existence, qu'au moment qu'elle se forme et qu'elle se développe sous un concours de circonstances qui lui sont analogues et qui tendent également à favoriser sa production. Les anciens étudiaient les maladies dans leurs éléments, Galien, Meth. med., p. 64. Pour écrire avec autorité de l'art de guérir, disait Galien, il faut, comme faisaient les anciens, Hippocrate surtout, décrire exactement le traitement de chaque maladie dans sa plus grande simplicité réelle : il est facile de voir ensuite de quelle manière on doit varier ce traitement simple, selon le degré de complication des maladies. "Sanæ solennis veteribus et doctrina [qua uti nunc in usu esset] maxime naturalis est. Quippe et simplicis cujusque affectus propriam curationem dicunt, praecipueque omnium Hippocrates. Medendi methodus ad hunc modum bellissime procedet, si de singulis simplicibus seorsim praecipimus, post deinde de compositis omnibus aliquam methodum indicaverimus." Liber III, pag. 74 ? Meth. med., edit. Froben. L'ordre dans lequel se suivent les phénomènes constitutifs d'une maladie, est sans contredit une des circonstances essentielles qui composent la partie la plus intéressante de son histoire ; et nous verrons dans la suite que cette circonstance est une de celles qui vont le plus directement à distinguer les fièvres, et à établir bien nettement leurs différences réelles. Cet ordre cependant, tout important qu’il est, ne suffit pas; et nous aurons l’occasion de nous convaincre que des fièvres qui ne présentent qu’un seul acte, et dont le mouvement se soutient constamment au même degré de vigueur; que d’autres, au contraire, dont le mouvement total est coupé en plusieurs actes détachés qui se répètent à différents intervalles, et qui laissent entre eux, soit une suspension totale de fièvre, soit une simple rémission, et qui, par conséquent, présentent dans leur développement respectif des caractères de différence bien marqués; nous aurons, dis-je, l’occasion de nous convaincre que ces fièvres (si différentes les unes des autres par leur marche et par l’ordre dans lequel se présentent leurs phénomènes) soutiennent souvent entre elles des analogies multipliées, et qu’elles peuvent réellement tenir à un seul et même fond de maladie. En sorte que la division ordinaire des fièvres en continentales, continues, intermittentes, telle qu’on l’entend dans l’école, interdit cette méthode, a fait un singulier aveu. La distinction des espèces de fièvres, et même celle des genres, est, dit-il, un travail inutile au moins, eu regard à l’état actuel des connaissances, puisque toutes les fièvres, les rémittentes, les continues, les intermittentes quotidiennes, tierces, doubles-tierces, etc., demandent à-peu-près le même traitement : la saignée, les purgatifs, et le quinquina quand ces premiers moyens ne réussissent pas, et qu’il n’y a point d’affection purulente. Ainsi, M. de Sauvages ne se livrait à ce travail que comme à un objet de pure curiosité; "In est une division mal entendue qui coupe, sépare, désunit des choses qui sont nécessairement liées dans le système naturel des maladies. Vous pouvez consulter Stoll, 2ème volume, qui a parfaitement reconnu la nécessité d’un nouvel ordre dans la distribution des maladies fébriles, et surtout Selle, Rud. pjretol. Ce sont parmi les modernes ceux qui ont exposé les idées les plus analogues à celles que je tâcherai de vous faire connaître. Nous verrons aussi par la suite qu’une maladie, sans changer de nature, c’est-à-dire, étant toujours entretenue par la même cause matérielle, peut marcher rapidement, ou ne développer ses phénomènes que dans un espace de temps fort considérable ; en sorte que la division ordinaire des maladies en aiguës et en chroniques n'intéresse pas le médecin; car, comme disait Hippocrate à Galien, "le temps en soi n’indique pas", et le médecin ne doit s’appliquer qu aux sources réelles d’indication; il ne doit considérer dans les maladies que les circonstances qui vont à éclairer la méthode de traitement ayant : toute autre circonstance, quoique vraie en elle-même, n’est pas d’une vérité médicale, et ne doit pas entrer dans le système des faits vraiment propres à cette science. "Nullam esse ad tempore, . . In quolibet affectu indicat". Galien, Meth. med. pag. 104; "car je m’attacherai sur tout à vous faire sentir la conformité des idées que je vous exposerai avec la doctrine d’Hippocrate, le premier de tous les médecins. Nous devons cependant remarquer ici que, quoique des maladies aiguës et chroniques puisse être essentiellement de même nature, cependant elles présentent dans leur comparaison un caractère de différence important, c'est que dans les maladies aiguës la nature agit, au lieu que dans les maladies chroniques elle n’agit que d’une manière faible, incomplète, et quelquefois même absolument nulle : aussi peut-on établir que les moyens d’excitation sont plus généralement utiles dans le traitement des maladies chroniques. Mais il faut convenir que le plus souvent ces moyens d’excitation sont livrés à l’empirisme, et qu’il est difficile d’en assujettir l’emploi aux lois de la méthode, parce qu’il est très-difficile, quelquefois même impossible, de déterminer jusqu’à quel point la nature excitée appliquera ses forces d’une manière utile ou pernicieuse; mais c’est sur quoi nous reviendrons dans la suite. Il faut donc principalement s’attacher, comme le disait Galien, à reconnaître une fièvre et plus généralement une maladie dans l’ensemble des phénomènes qu’elle produit, et non pas exclusivement dans son progrès, sa succession; et pour cela, il faut se familiariser avec chacun de ces phénomènes; il faut les étudier comme isolés, comme solitaires; il faut les arrêter pour ainsi dire, les considérer dans cet état de repos, et tâcher d’en saisir la manière, l’habitude, la forme, indépendamment de leur marche, de leur mouvement, de leur allure. On ne peut s’empêcher de reconnaître qu’une maladie considérée dans chaque individu, présente une foule de différences déterminées par le tempérament ou plutôt par l’ensemble des circonstances qui spécifient chaque individu, et le distinguent de tous les individus d’une même espèce; car, selon le principe des indiscérables de Leibnitz, il n’est pas dans la nature deux êtres absolument les mêmes; mais ces différences purement individuelles doivent nécessairement être négligées, et le médecin ne doit étudier dans les maladies que les rapports qui leur sont communs, et dont la comparaison puisse mener à l’établissement des préceptes applicables à plusieurs maladies; car la méthode n’est qu’un ensemble de dogmes ou de préceptes applicables à des faits particuliers. Or, parmi les rapports que soutiennent entre elles les maladies, et qui peuvent faire l’objet de l’étude du médecin, les plus importants, comme nous le rappellerons très-souvent dans la suite, sont ceux qui sont tirés des moyens curatifs naturels à chaque maladie, c’est aussi, à-peu-près ce qu’a dit Stoll, « in tanta febrilium causarum variate, quarum singulis respondebit sua humorum, solidorumque crasis vitiata, et sua febris, necessum omnino erit, febres esse non solum innumeras, sed etiam summoperè à se invicem differentes, quemadmodum ergo in febrium partitione non omnes omnibus febres complectimur, neque ob dictam rationem completi possumus, sed solum quasdam, easque cardinales ac primarias statuimus, reliquas verù in partitione non expressas, ad eam febrium cardiacalem reducimus, quâ cum aliquam, quoad causas, decursum, et maxime quoad methodum medendi analogiam habent, reducere solémus. Nous ne devons pas dénommer et caractériser chaque maladie individuelle, mais nous devons en faire de grandes partitions, de grandes divisions rapportées à la différence essentielle des méthodes curatives, qu’il ne faut pas confondre avec les remèdes, comme le font les ignorants. La description des maladies ne doit être composée que des phénomènes qui leur appartiennent essentiellement, et qui les constituent ce qu’elles sont; il faut sévèrement en écarter, du moins il faut marquer d’un caractère de distinction tous ceux qui ne s’y joignent que par accident, et qui ne tendent qu’à altérer leur pureté, qu’à les contraindre et à les masquer de différentes manières. Parmi les causes capables d’altérer une maladie, et de la charger d’accidents étrangers et supérflus, une des plus puissantes, sans contredit, est une sensibilité excessive qui déplace tout, qui exagère tout, et qui mettant sans cesse ce qu’elle imagine et ce qu’elle craint, à la place de ce qui est, ne sait plus trouver de ressource dans les moyens de la nature, ou plutôt qui tourne contre elle ces moyens mêmes, et les fait servir à sa destruction ; c’est ainsi que, dans l’ordre des affections morales, une sensibilité mal réglée va si souvent à la perte des animaux, et qu’une terreur excessive éteint complètement, et tout d’un coup, des forces dont l’exercice serait nécessaire pour dérober ces animaux aux dangers qui les menacent; il est vrai que ces désordres qui nous frappent tant à la première vue, ne sont tels que par rapport aux individus; il est vrai qu’ils s’évanouissent et disparaissent quand on les rapporte au tout, et qu’ils entrent dans le plan de la nature universelle, qui, pour borner l’exubérance de certaines espèces, et pour maintenir l’équilibre entre toutes, doit nécessairement faire servir les espèces infimes et trop nombreuses à la nourriture des espèces plus nobles et peu fécondes. « Omnia phœnomena metus persuadent mihi, non ad propriam conservationem metuentis in individuum, sed ad faciliorem destructionem eorum virium diminutiones cum metu conjunctas, à creatore destinari. » (Haller, Elementa physiol., lib. Je trouve que la terreur et tous les phénomènes qu’elle décide ne se rapportent pas à l'individu, mais à l'espèce. Cette excessive sensibilité vitale qui agit successivement sur les maladies pour les altérer, pour les corrompre, pour en troubler le cours, pour intervertir le cours, se trouve surtout, comme Fahrmann l'a bien vu, chez les personnes vigoureuses, et qui ont joui pendant longtemps, et joui sans interruption d'une santé ferme et bien assurée ; aussi est-il d'observation populaire que, généralement par lâche, les maladies sont pour ces personnes des accidents plus graves, et qui s'accompagnent de dangers plus grands ; tandis que les personnes faibles, d'une constitution délicate, et qui sont plus souvent malades, conçoivent, ce semble, plus nettement l'ordre des mouvements maladifs, et les déploient avec plus de sécurité, parce qu'ils y apportent plus de régularité, plus de fermeté, plus de constance ; en sorte qu'il en est de ceci comme de tous les autres actes de la vie. Car, comme chacun de ces actes dépend, comme nous l’avons dit souvent ailleurs, d’idées tracées dans la nature vivante, ces idées semblent se renforcer, et les actes qui en émanent deviennent d’une exécution plus sûre et plus facile, à mesure que la nature revient plus souvent sur ces idées, et qu’elle s’applique plus fréquemment, plus assidûment à les exprimer, à les réaliser. C’est là, pour le dire en passant, la véritable raison de la plus grande vivacité, vivacitas, aptitude à vivre contractée par l’âge, et de l’extrême moralité des êtres qui viennent de naître, et qui, pour ainsi parler, n’ont pas encore appris à vivre. Le jour le plus mortel est le premier jour de la vie, dit heureusement M. de Sauvages. Je pense qu’il est inutile de vous faire remarquer combien ce fait du moindre danger des maladies chez les personnes d’une constitution délicate, est contraire à tout ce qu’on établit communément sur les causes nécessaires de mort dans les maladies. Nous avons eu l'occasion de remarquer ailleurs, aussi d’après Stahl, que ces personnes faibles, souvent malades, et pour qui les maladies ne sont donc pas si dangereuses, atteignent cependant assez promptement le terme de la vie, et cela parce que les mouvements vitaux présentent plus d’intensité et de vigueur dans les maladies que dans l’état ordinaire de santé ; que dès lors ces personnes, plus souvent malades, vivent plus en moins de temps, et que faisant ainsi une déperdition plus considérable de forces et de mouvements, elles doivent épuiser et consommer plutôt la quantité qui doit fournir au développement total de la vie. Les phénomènes étrangers aux maladies, et qui doivent être rayés soigneusement du tableau qui les représente, dépendent encore très communément ou d’un état de sabure, de surcharge des premières voies, ou d’un état de pléthore. Et par rapport à ces deux causes d’épiphénomènes, c’est-à-dire, de symptômes ajoutés à la forme des maladies, et qui les dépravent, nous pouvons remarquer que la sabure des premières voies, est un accident qui paraît plus fréquent de nos jours, qu’il ne l’était autrefois, {Gai. De cris. p. 454 ;} et la véritable raison de ce phénomène n’est pas tant peut-être dans le luxe plus recherché de nos tables, comme on le dit communément, que dans la différence de notre régime comparé au régime des anciens. Car, comme les anciens faisaient beaucoup d’usage des frictions, des bains froids et qu’ils prenaient beaucoup d’exercice, l’application continuelle de ces moyens diététiques imprimait à l’organe externe, ou à l’organe de la peau, une force plus considérable, qui, se réfléchissant par voie de sympathie sur les organes digestifs, rendait plus parfaite la fonction de ces organes, et les déchargeait plus complètement des sucs hétérogènes qui n’avaient pu subir l’assimilation vitale, et qui devaient être chassés hors du corps. Au reste, en considérant ici la sabure des premières voies, et l’état du pléthore seulement comme des causes d’accidents qui s’établissent sur le fond d’une maladie et qui la dépravent diversement, je suppose que ces causes sont légères, et que leur impression n’a pas appuyé profondément. Ainsi nous verrons dans la suite que le pléthore bien décidé tend à porter dans les humeurs une disposition inflammatoire ; en sorte que cet état de pléthore peut être considéré comme une des nuances de l'état inflammatoire, ou plutôt comme un état inflammatoire imminent. Or, lorsque ce progrès est achevé, et que le pléthore est bien décidément transformé en affection inflammatoire ou phlogistique, cette circonstance n’est plus seulement une cause d’épiphénomènes, elle devient une maladie réelle, et qui demande une description à part. En faisant ici, d’une manière rapide et générale, l’énumération des causes capables de corrompre et d’altérer une maladie, ce serait sans doute commettre une omission considérable que de n’y pas faire entrer les vices de traitement, et de ne pas noter l’impérité des médecins, qui s’imaginent n’avoir rien fait digne de leur art, s’ils n’ont pas chargé le malade de médicaments, et qui se réservent toujours leur habileté sur le nombre et la variété des formules qu’ils savent prescrire. La nature se suffit à elle-même, disait Hippocrate; elle a reçu de son auteur le plan, l’ordre, l’idée des actes quelle doit opposer avec avantage aux causes de destruction qui l’assiègent. Mais le moyen qu’elle empire, lorsqu’à la maladie se joignent des traitements. temoins absurdes qui ne cessent d’agir contre elle, et de la solliciter à des mouvements directement contraires à ceux qu’elle a conçus et établis contre cette maladie. (Lancisi, p. i, p. 28.) Est-il étonnant, remarquait déjà Galien, que les observations d’Hippocrate ne se réalisent plus, et le moyen que la nature contrainte de tant de manières, puisse suivre sa marche constante, uniforme, périodique, réglée ? Les philosophes moralistes ont demandé que, pour connaître l’homme, on allât l’étudier loin de toute société, et dans des circonstances où tous les penchés natifs peuvent percer et se fortifier sans être pliés et modifiés par l’instruction ni par l’exemple. Ce serait aussi une entreprise digne d’un médecin philosophe d’aller étudier la nature là où elle est en pleine vigueur, là où tous ses moyens se développent librement et sans contrainte, et d’aller l’observer sur des hommes qui, vivant complètement livrés à ses lois, n’ont rien à attendre de nos arts, mais qui n’ont aussi rien à redouter de leur abus, et de leur application si souvent malheureuse. Le tableau historique des maladies doit présenter sans doute les causes extérieures et manifestes dont l’action a précédé l’invasion de ces maladies. Ce pendant il ne faut pas croire que la considération de ces causes puisse nous conduire à la connaissance exacte et précise de la nature des maladies qui suivent leur application sur le corps vivant. D’abord, c’est que l’action de ces causes n’est pas absolue et nécessaire; mais surtout, c’est que lorsque ces causes déterminent une maladie, cet effet tient toujours à des circonstances sur lesquelles nos moyens d’expérience n’ont point de prise, et qui sont seulement en rapport avec le sens vital intérieur, c’est-à-dire, le sens qui règle l’ordre des mouvements vitaux qui se passent dans l’intérieur du corps. Car, quoique ce sens vital intérieur dépende bien du même principe que celui qui anime les organes des sens, proprement dits, puisque la raison d’individualité d’un animal ne peut être que dans la simplicité, l’unité rigoureuse et absolue du principe qui le vivifie; cependant ce sens vital intérieur est appliqué à recevoir des impressions d’une toute autre espèce que celles qui affectent les sens extérieurs, et qui sont les seuls sur lesquels notre physique puisse s’exercer. Il suit de là que la considération des causes extérieures, manifestes ou procataractiques, comme on les appelle dans l’école, ne peut pas servir à établir le traitement méthodique d’une maladie, ou qu’elle ne indique pas par elle-même les moyens curatifs convenables à une maladie, et que ces moyens curatifs doivent être exclusivement déterminés par cette maladie, ou plutôt par les effets heureux ou malheureux observés antérieurement dans des états dont l’analogie avec la maladie présente est bien établie et constatée : « Nam externas nobis causarum curationis indicatricem esse, sed hujus indicationem ab ipso affectu initium habere. » Meth. med. Ub. IV. Il suit encore que ces causes manifestes ou sensibles ne peuvent pas nous servir à distribuer les maladies, et à former des espèces d’une manière lumineuse et vraiment applicable à la pratique. Cette prétention de déduire les espèces des maladies des causes manifestes qui les ont précédées, avait déjà été solidement attaquée par Hippocrate dans les médecins de l’école de Gide; et cette prétention, rappelée par quelques nosologistes fort modernes, les a conduits à des conséquences d’une absurdité vraiment frappante, comme vous pouvez vous en convaincre aisément par la lecture de leurs ouvrages. Je dis que les causes extérieures et manifestes ne peuvent pas indiquer à la rigueur les moyens de traiter une maladie, et dans cette assertion, je suppose que cette maladie est parfaitement établie, et que sa génération est absolument consumée. Car, si cette maladie n’avait qu’une existence fugitive et légère, si elle était encore dans l’acte de sa production, et que cette production qui s’avance dépendait de quelque cause évidente et manifeste, alors les moyens qui emporteraient cette cause, emporteraient aussi la maladie, non pas en agissant formellement contre cette maladie même, mais en enrayant, en fixant le progrès qui va se faire établir. Ainsi, il est peu de maladies, peut-être même n’en est-il point, qui ne puisse dépendre d’une affection de l’estomac; or, quand cette affection de l’estomac est une collection d’humeurs dépravées qui flottent librement dans sa cavité, (ce qui doit être rangé dans la classe des causes extérieures,) l’émétique donné dès le principe peut emporter tout d’un coup des maladies fort différentes en apparence; mais il faut pour cela que ces maladies soient encore sous la dépendance de la cause manifeste: il faut, pour ainsi parler, qu’elles n’ont pas appuyé profondément; car si une fois ces maladies sont pleinement établies, l’émétique, en débarrassant l’estomac, emporterait bien la cause manifeste, mais n’emporterait pas la maladie qui subsiste indépendamment de cette cause, et qui seule maintenant peut indiquer les méthodes de traitement qui lui conviennent. De (I) M. de Morgagni dit que, dans les temps où il régnait des maladies catarrhales, il s’en est souvent préservé et a arrêté les progrès de la maladie dont il commençait à éprouver les atteintes, en se tenant au lit plus couvert qu’à l’ordinaire, en prenant peu d’aliments, et surtout des végétaux, (le soir des choux,) et buvant le matin quelques tasses d’un bouillon fort léger, tiède, et soutenant par la chaleur les évacuations qu’il procurait communément par les sueurs ou les urines, et souvent par ces deux voies à-la-fois. Epist. 13; art. 4. Il est même point de maladies qui ne puissent être décidées par la suppression de la transpiration, et qui, avant d'être établies, ne puissent être prévenues par les moyens capables de rétablir la transpiration ; aussi, est-il facile de se convaincre que des maladies fort différentes ont été traitées avec avantage dans le moment de leur invasion par la méthode sudorifique ; et cette méthode, accréditée par ses succès, n’est devenue pernicieuse que parce qu’on n’a pas su distinguer, en l’employant, les maladies formées des maladies encore dans l’acte de leur formation ; "estimare et discernere an causa quae affectum excitavit" et "jam desideravit, an nunc quoque ipsum tum augeat, tum faciat". Sed omnino in quibus effectrix causa adhiscit remanet, ab hac inchoanda curatio est. Nous aurons occasion de parler fort au long d’un état dans lequel les maladies sont entretenues par des miasmes ou des corps étrangers qui flottent comme librement dans le tissu des chairs, et qui sont susceptibles d’être chassés par l’organe de la peau. Cet état se trouve assez communément dans les maladies aiguës contractées par voie de contagion ; il se retrouve aussi quelquefois dans des maladies chroniques ; et c’est cette forme, cet état de maladie que quelques auteurs allemands ont décrit sous le nom de pourpre chronique. CHAPITRE II. Suite de la description des Maladies. Je continuerai dans ce chapitre à parler de la description des maladies ; ces généralités abstraites et qui peuvent paraître obscures, s’éclairciront quand nous entrerons dans les détails. Les causes évidentes ou procataclysmiques, selon le langage de l'école, ne peuvent point servir, comme nous le disions, à distribuer les maladies, et à former des espèces d’une manière lumineuse et vraiment applicable à la pratique, parce que ces causes n’indiquent point en rigueur les moyens de traiter ces maladies ; ces causes cependant méritent d’être notées, comme pouvant fournir des aperçus précieux, lorsqu’à l’aide de l’observation, on sait déjà qu’une maladie d’une certaine espèce répond très-communément à l’impression de telle ou telle cause manifeste. Lorsqu’une maladie est bien décidée, dit Galien, il faut s’occuper uniquement de la nature de cette maladie pour trouver les remèdes convenables, et négliger les causes qui l’ont produite, et qui n’existent plus ; ces causes qui peuvent être de quelque utilité pour nous donner la connaissance de cette maladie, ne peuvent vous donner aucune lumière sur la manière de la traiter : « Nam ad holicam eorum quae adhibere non permanent incitationem sumi, ejus quoque exusta sit potest, sed propter quod ad eum affectum noscendum, qui omnino tum rationem, tum sensum lateat, sœpervis cogimur de externa causa inquirere ; opinatur vulgus hanc quaile sanationis rationem in dicere quod plane secus est. » C'est-à-dire, « une cause qui ne subsiste plus ne peut pas fournir d’indications ; mais parce que quelquefois nous nous servons heureusement des causes de cette espèce pour parvenir à la connaissance de la maladie, le peuple s’imagine qu’elles indiquent. On doit mettre dans la même classe, et noter d’après les mêmes vues l’état du sol, les productions qu’il fournit, les qualités des eaux, les phénomènes météoriques; parce que si, après une assez longue suite d’observations, on est parvenu à découvrir que telle espèce de maladie répond le plus ordinairement à tel concours de circonstances extérieures, on peut partir de ce fait comme d’une donnée pour présumer la nature d’une maladie, qui se présente dans un concours de circonstances à-peu-près semblables. Mais ces présomptions ont toujours besoin d’être confirmées par l’examen ultérieur de la maladie, étudiée dans l’ensemble des phénomènes qu’elle présente, parce que non-seulement nous pouvons nous abuser sur des circonstances qui nous paraissent semblables; (c’est ainsi que des saisons qui nous paraissent absolument les mêmes, à raison de leurs qualités sensibles, peuvent essentiellement différer les ones des autres par des qualités occultes, comme disait Sydenham, qui cependant sont peut-être les plus importantes dans l’ordre de la production des maladies.) Conf. Sydenham, Opéra omnia, t. 1, pag. 22, "à varice sunt annorum constitutiones quae neque calor neque frigori, non sicco humido ortum suum debent, sed ab occulta potissim et inexplicabili coartatione." Mais surtout, parce que, comme nous le disions, toutes les causes extérieures appliquées au corps vivant n’ont qu’un effet relatif à la disposition où il se trouve, et que cette disposition est le plus souvent parfaitement indépendante de l’ensemble des phénomènes qui l’environnent. La description des maladies doit présenter exactement l’ordre ou la suite des phénomènes par le moyen desquels la nature met une maladie en voie de terminaison, et la conduit à une solution heureuse; car il n’est point de maladies, au moins de maladie fébrile, depuis la peste jusqu’à la simple fièvre éphémère, qui ne tende essentiellement à la conservation du corps, quoiqu’elles n’y parviennent pas toujours, (car en pathologie il faut bien distinguer ce qui est bon en soi, de ce qui est suffisant,) il n’en est point qui dans son développement réglé et bien soutenu, ne présente un ensemble, un appareil, un système d’efforts exactement mesuré et proportionné sur l’activité de la cause de destruction dont le corps est atteint, et dont l’histoire ne doive par conséquent embrasser le rétablissement de la santé comme le phénomène majeur et fondamental auquel tous les autres sont attachés, et vers lequel ils convergent tous d’une manière nécessaire: et l’énumération de ces actes, de ces mouvements salutaires qui sont donc liés et coordonnés entre eux, et qui sont tous appliqués et tendus contre la cause de la maladie, est d’autant plus utile, ou plutôt, d’autant plus indispensable, que dans l’ignorance absolue où nous sommes de cette cause, tout notre art se réduit toujours à rappeler l’ordre de ces mouvements, à en presser la marche, ou à en modérer la vivacité, selon que la nature y apporte trop de lenteur, ou trop de précipitation. On ne saurait trop souvent rappeler le médecin à sa destination véritable, on ne saurait trop souvent lui répéter d’après Hippocrate, qu’il n’est que le ministre, l’interprète de la nature, qu’il ne peut sur elle qu’autant qu’il lui reste constamment asservi, et que son art est vain, illusoire, mensonger, si, à l’aide d’une assez grande quantité d’observations, il n’est pas venu à bout de connaître l’ordre des mouvements auxquels la conservation du corps est attachée, et dans l’état de santé et dans l’état de maladie. Les "signes" qui indiquent qu’une maladie tend ou incline à la mort, sont des signes très importants et qui méritent bien aussi d'être notés avec soin : ces signes cependant appartiennent plutôt à un traité de pronostic, qu’à une histoire exacte des maladies ; car ces signes sont plutôt tirés des accidens qui se joignent à une maladie, que de la nature même de cette maladie ou de la cause réelle qui la produit. "Nonne et perperam in lecto serioelogiae scopo", hœc plerumque tum ad meram prognosi, neglectis causis ten. Dal Selle, pyret. introd. et celui qui s’y. Dans les maladies aiguës, l’événement ne peut se connaître bien précisément, d’après la cause ou la nature réelle de ces maladies, mais seulement d’après les accidens qui s’y joignent. (Il est évident en effet que toutes les causes des maladies pouvant être détruites et surmontées par quelques individus de l’espèce humaine, elles pourraient l’être toujours ; et que quand elles ne le sont pas, et qu’elles amènent la mort, c’est par quelques accidens qui, dès lors, leur doivent être étrangers : et c’est en quoi elles diffèrent des maladies chroniques. Qu’on distingue des maladies aiguës par le temps de leur durée, c’est-à-dire, par une circonstance absolument accidentelle, et non par la cause réelle qui les entretient, et à raison de laquelle elles sont absolument de même nature que les maladies aiguës, dont quelques-unes sont décidément mortelles par elles-mêmes. In acutis, salutis aut mortis. Attacherait exclusivement mériterait sans doute le reproche qu’Asclépiade faisait si injustement à Hippocrate, savoir, que ses ouvrages n’étaient que des méditations sur la mort. Ces signes n’ont guère pour nous d’autre utilité que de nous apprendre à borner nos espérances, et à marquer le terme au-delà duquel tous nos secours sont impuissants, parce que la nature n’est plus susceptible d’être rappelée à l’ordre de ses lois. » Prédictions vraies « quels que » supervenient « incidents » disparaissent, tutelles sont plus sûres dans les actuelles que dans les chroniques. Martian, Com. appl. 19, sect. II, pag. 305. » Il reste encore à celui qui est pénétré des vérités sublimes de la religion, à faire valoir les tendres motifs de consolation qu’elle présente. Des procédés simples et qui sont toujours les mêmes, elle marche à sa destruction par des routes dont il est impossible de fixer le nombre : mille chemins ouverts conduisent chez les morts, comme dit le poète : mille ad hanc aditus patent ; Sénèque le tragique, Théb. act. 1. Parmi les différents actes qui mènent une maladie à une solution heureuse, les plus importants sont les évacuations plus ou moins abondantes qui arrivent dans toutes les maladies, au moins dans toutes celles qui intéressent les forces digestives, comme nous le dirons dans la suite ; c’est-à-dire, dans toutes celles qui supposent une altération profondément établie dans quelque partie du corps, et qui, comme telles, ne peuvent se terminer complètement qu’autant que les produits sensibles de cette altération, ont été changés, élaborés et mis en état d’obéir librement à l’action des organes sécrétoires. Or, pour déterminer l’espèce d’une maladie, il faut avoir beaucoup plus d’égard à la matière évaluée, et aux qualités sensibles qu’elle présente, qu’aux organes par lesquels s’en fait l’évacuation; car, comme les organes qui servent de voie de décharge à la nature, sont très-généralement déterminés par les circonstances d’âge, de sexe, de tempérament, d’habitude, etc., c’est-à-dire, par des circonstances qui sont pleinement indépendantes du fond même de la maladie, il est clair que ces organes ne peuvent pas eux-mêmes en fixer et en déterminer l’espèce réelle. C’est ainsi que, dans une maladie qui a beaucoup d’activité et qui marche rapidement, l’effort critique éclate très-communément vers les parties supérieures, et l’évacuation qui la termine se fait alors par quelque organe situé supérieurement; au lieu qu’une maladie essentiellement la même, mais qui traîne en longueur, trouve sa crise dans des évacuations qui se font par des organes inférieurs, ou plutôt par des organes situés au-dessous du diaphragme, selon l’importante division établie par Hippocrate. Une fièvre décidément inflammatoire, qui, dans un jeune homme plein de vigueur, se termine par une hémorragie ou un flux de sang abondant par les narines, se termine par un flux d’hémorroïdes dans des hommes hémorroïdaires, et très-généralement dans les femmes par un flux de sang par la matrice, parce que cet organe étant plus fréquemment en action, la nature est comme invitée et sollicitée à porter sur lui tous ses mouvements. Nous pouvons observer ici qu’en général les maladies inflammatoires, et qui, comme telles, peuvent se terminer par des évacuations de sang, sont beaucoup moins dangereuses chez les femmes que chez les hommes, comme l’avait déjà observé Hippocrate; et la véritable raison de ce phénomène, c’est que dans les femmes, la nature ayant plus d’habitude des hémorragies, les hémorragies se produisent chez elles avec plus de facilité et plus de sûreté. Dans les maladies qui traînent en longueur, et qui, dès lors, se terminent par des abcès ou des dépôts, si verd lentus fuerit morbus, in his abcessus contingunt... Hippocr. Ces dépôts se forment très-généralement dans les parties du corps qui sont affectées d’une faiblesse relative, soit par différentes incommodités précédentes, comme blessure, luxation, contusion, soit par l’effet du genre de vie propre à chacun, comme l’a vu Hippocrate. Sed et si quid doluerit quis antequam œ protêt., ad eas partes injurious. Nous pouvons remarquer ici que dans les extrémités inférieures, les métastases de cette espèce, et en général les tumeurs, les varices, etc., arrivent plus communément dans l’étendue de la jambe, que sur le pied proprement dit, et sur la cuisse : Kokaki rapporte avec raison ce phénomène à ce que les cuisses trouvent leur émonctoire naturel dans les veines hémorroïdales, et que, par rapport au pied, la formation continuelle des ongles fait, en quelque sorte, office d’émonctoire. Dans les maladies, dont la crise embrasse un certain espace de durée, c’est-à-dire, dans les maladies qui se terminent par différentes évacuations, lesquelles se font pendant un espace de temps assez long; très-communément les premières évacuations se font par des organes supérieurs, et les dernières par des organes situés inférieurement. Si caput doleat, in pectus descendit, in hypochondrium, deinde in coxam. Ainsi dans une fièvre catarrhale, et ce sont les fièvres de cette espèce qui, comme nous le verrons, sont les plus sujettes à subir un certain nombre d’évacuations successives, parce qu’à tout prendre, ce sont celles qui marchent avec plus de lenteur.
| 33,609 |
https://pt.stackoverflow.com/questions/184243
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,017 |
Stack Exchange
|
Daniel Costa, Lucas Debatin, Neuber Oliveira, Woss, https://pt.stackoverflow.com/users/30031, https://pt.stackoverflow.com/users/53229, https://pt.stackoverflow.com/users/5878, https://pt.stackoverflow.com/users/66869
|
Portuguese
|
Spoken
| 684 | 1,835 |
Problema no upload de arquivos em PHP
Olá, estou com um problema no upload de arquivos do meu sistema. Ao colocar mais de 5 arquivos no campo "input multiple file" só são gravados 5 no banco de dados, ou seja, se eu colocar 18 arquivos somente vão ser gravados 5 arquivos.
O estranho, é que no arquivo php.ini o "max_file_uploads" está com o valor 20, o "post_max_size" e o "upload_max_filesize" estão com 64M.
Os arquivos são imagens e não chegam a 1mb.
Detalhes técnicos: PHP versão 5.5, Zend Framework 1.12.17
Trecho do controller que realiza o upload:
if (isset($_FILES ['fotos'])) {
$fotos = $_FILES ['fotos'];
//Inserção de multiplas imagens
for($i = 0; $i < count($fotos); $i++) {
//Inserção normal da imagem
if (!empty($fotos ['name'][$i])) {
$data_fotos = array();
$data_fotos ['type'] = $fotos ['type'][$i];
$data_fotos ['tmp_name'] = $fotos ['tmp_name'][$i];
$ite->inserirFoto($codalb, $codusu, $data_fotos);
}
}
}
Dei um "print_r($_files["fotos"])" no controller, segue abaixo o valor do array:
[name] => Array
(
[0] => 01 - Copia (2).jpg
[1] => 01 - Copia.jpg
[2] => 01.jpg
[3] => 02 - Copia (2).jpg
[4] => 02 - Copia.jpg
[5] => 02.jpg
[6] => 03 - Copia (2).jpg
[7] => 03 - Copia.jpg
[8] => 03.jpg
[9] => 05 - Copia (2).jpg
[10] => 05 - Copia.jpg
[11] => 05.jpg
[12] => 06 - Copia (2).jpg
[13] => 06 - Copia.jpg
[14] => 06.jpg
[15] => 07 - Copia (2).jpg
[16] => 07 - Copia.jpg
[17] => 07.jpg
)
[type] => Array
(
[0] => image/jpeg
[1] => image/jpeg
[2] => image/jpeg
[3] => image/jpeg
[4] => image/jpeg
[5] => image/jpeg
[6] => image/jpeg
[7] => image/jpeg
[8] => image/jpeg
[9] => image/jpeg
[10] => image/jpeg
[11] => image/jpeg
[12] => image/jpeg
[13] => image/jpeg
[14] => image/jpeg
[15] => image/jpeg
[16] => image/jpeg
[17] => image/jpeg
)
[tmp_name] => Array
(
[0] => /tmp/phpfcCVZ1
[1] => /tmp/phpXCYDdx
[2] => /tmp/phpiLuvr2
[3] => /tmp/phpFncCFx
[4] => /tmp/php1KEYT2
[5] => /tmp/phpQ8Fy8x
[6] => /tmp/php3eRkn3
[7] => /tmp/phpCGkqCy
[8] => /tmp/php3fxNR3
[9] => /tmp/phpZpvu7y
[10] => /tmp/phpk6Dpn4
[11] => /tmp/php5JhxDz
[12] => /tmp/phpIGZTT4
[13] => /tmp/php9gVwaA
[14] => /tmp/phptxyor5
[15] => /tmp/phpZmPtIA
[16] => /tmp/php8LTHZ5
[17] => /tmp/phpXna8gB
)
[error] => Array
(
[0] => 0
[1] => 0
[2] => 0
[3] => 0
[4] => 0
[5] => 0
[6] => 0
[7] => 0
[8] => 0
[9] => 0
[10] => 0
[11] => 0
[12] => 0
[13] => 0
[14] => 0
[15] => 0
[16] => 0
[17] => 0
)
[size] => Array
(
[0] => 186806
[1] => 186806
[2] => 186806
[3] => 192111
[4] => 192111
[5] => 192111
[6] => 277800
[7] => 277800
[8] => 277800
[9] => 220789
[10] => 220789
[11] => 220789
[12] => 265068
[13] => 265068
[14] => 265068
[15] => 175393
[16] => 175393
[17] => 175393
)
Como pode-se perceber ele vem com as 18 fotos.
Posta o trecho do código que faz o upload pra gente ver se tem algo estranho, não da nenhum erro? timeout? memória alocada?
verifica tambem o post_max_size e o upload_max_filesize é o limite de cada arquivo e o limite total do post, digamos que esteja como 5mb e cada arquivo seu tenha 1mb, so vai enviar 5 arquivos. É mais ou menos nessa linha que funciona.
Tem como dar um var_dump em $_FILES, antes do for, para saber se estão chegando todos os arquivos?
Percebe que o array $_FILES["fotos"] possui apenas 5 posições (name, type, tmp_name, error, size)? Por isso apenas 5 fotos são gravadas no banco.
Tente iterar sobre $fotos["name"], por exemplo:
if (isset($_FILES ['fotos']))
{
$fotos = $_FILES ['fotos'];
// --------------------------vvvvvvvv
for($i = 0; $i < count($fotos["name"]); $i++)
{
if (!empty($fotos ['name'][$i]))
{
$data_fotos = array();
$data_fotos ['type'] = $fotos ['type'][$i];
$data_fotos ['tmp_name'] = $fotos ['tmp_name'][$i];
$ite->inserirFoto($codalb, $codusu, $data_fotos);
}
}
}
Era isto mesmo! Obrigado. Como faço para finalizar ou marcar a pergunta como resolvida? Sou novo por aqui hahaha
No lado esquerdo da resposta, logo abaixo do sistema de votos, há o botão com ícone de um "certo", só clicar nele.
| 11,896 |
US-74989234-A_1
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 1,934 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 2,830 | 4,031 |
Antihalation layer for photographic films
March 14, 1939. Lv E. MUEHLER 2,150,695
ANTIHALATION LAYER FUR PHOTOGRAPHIC FILMS Filed Oct. 25, 1934 gin wanton dumm n Patented Mar. 14, 1939 2,150,695 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE v 2,150,695 ANTIHALATION LAYER FOB PHOTOGRAPH- rc FILMS Lowell E. Muehler, Rochester, N. Y., assignor, by
washed films or plates. By specifically suitable must decolorize the dye to give a colorless car- 10 is meant those dyes which have the property of binol or a colorless addition compound with sulbecoming and remaining colorless and remaining phite. i soluble and capable oi. diffusing away from a (2) The colorless carbinol or the colorless adgelatine layer during the usual photographic opdition compound With sulphite Should be u eerations of development, fixing and washing. (3) The colorless dye mp d Sh ld not 15 In the single figure of the accompanying drawattach themselves (mordant) t0 the gelatine during is a section on an enlarged scale of a film or s processing W plate embodying an example of my invention. As Included in the group of y flted amino t lthere illustrated, it comprises a support I of crylmethane ye Which conform to the e otransparent material such as glass, cellulosic malug requirements are certain a y ated trlamlno 20 terial as cellulose nitrate or acetate, or I other and alkylated diamino derivatives. The term transparent material, a light-sensitive material alkyiated amino throughout this specification is 2 on one face of th support and on t other taken to mean amino groups having either one face of the support a layer 3 formed by coating two hydrogen t eplaced. with a solution of an alkyl amino triarylmethane The dyes may contain one or more y ate 'l 25 dye or mixture of dyes forming the principal feaamino g depehdlhg upon e co or and t of myinvent1on properties desired. As a first structural require- Dyes suitable for this purpose are alkylated di ment f' an the dyes (bOth and (ii-amino and tri amino derivatives of triamlmethane derivatives) included in this specification the powhich contain suitable solub lizing groups such sittons in the aryl groups the arytmeth' as sulphonic acid, SO2(0H) or a quaternary one carbon atom must remain unsubst1tuted.
' ammonium group containing three alkyl radicals. This is essential in order that the dyes be decolbesides the single halogen atom characteristic of orized with alkali alkali Sulpmte or alkan a quaternary ammonium compound, e. g. sutpmte- 85 m in such a position mthe mo1e 0f the alkylated triamino derivatives the folcule t the dyes in gelatme (f example) are lowing are suitable for use in anti-halation layers: decolorized, remain soluble and readily diffuse (a) Dyes in Which one ompletely alkylatedaway from the gelatine when treated with soluamino group has been ed So that a quatertions containing alkali, alkali sulphite or alkali nary ammonium group is obtained such as Methyl 4o bisulphite. Other groups may also be used Green, Schultz Farbstofitabellen, 'lth edition, 40 stead of the sulphonic acid as hereinafter de- 783, C0101 Index. the Simller dyes scribed, Ethyl Green, Schultz, No. 789, Color Index, No.
It is generally known that many of the tri- 685, and Iodine Green. Schultz, N0. 790, Color arylmethane dyes bleach out'in solutions of sul- Index, T e dye Methyl Green is known 5 phurous acid or sulphurous acid salts; however, 35 hexamethyl d u mum in connec ion with the preparation of anti-halachloride ohlol'methylatetion backings and layers. only certain of the dyes D es w c c a ac d ups suc s are useful and remain decolorized in processing sulphonic acid as substitutents in one 01 more Of and washing. With many of the basic dyes whi h the three aryl nuclei in positions other than those 5 are not useful, the color of the dye layer disapt o to e erylmethahe carbon atom. for pears in the developer but returns in the fixing ample: Red Violet 5RS Schultz, No. 801, Color bath or upon washing. Water soluble benzylated Index, and Acid Violet Schultz, and arylated amino triarylmethane dyes are also Color e N h ucc form of the not suitable since, in spite of the fact that many dye Red Violet 5RS is 4-4" diamino 4' ethy of them decolorize in the processing solutions. 10 3' methyl triphenyl-methane dior trl-sul- 55 phonic acid, while that of the dye Acid Violet mesne assignments, to Eastman Kodak Com pony, Jersey City, N. J., a corporation of New Jersey Application October 25, 1934, Serial No. 749,892
14 Claims.
This invention relates to photographic materials and particularly to dyes for anti-halation backings or layers used to obtain screening effects with sensitive photographic emulsions.
The object of this invention is to provide dyes which are specifically suitable for, use in colloid anti-halation backings, anti-halation underlayers or screening layers so that the colors of the dyes 'do not appear in the developed, fixed and the decolorized compounds remain in the gelatine and are therefore susceptible to later return of the dye color. The failure of these classes of dyes to be removed after. decolorization is apparently due either to the insolubility oi the comthe propensity of the dye themselves (mordant) to compounds, three requirements appear to be es-' sential:
(1) Alkali, alkali sulphite, or alkali bisulphite 4R8 is 4-4 dimethyl-diamino 3 methyl 4" amino triphenylmethane dior tri-sulphonic acid.
(c) Dyes which contain acid groups such as sulphonic acid as substituents in the amino alkyl groups such as his (4 methyl 5 sulpho ethylamino phenyl) 4" dimethylamino phenylmethane.
In addition to the dyes given under (b) and similar dyes may be used which in the aryl nuclei or in the amino alkyl groups in place of sulphonic acid contain other negative or acid groups capable of forming alkali salts, for example: selenonic acid SeOz(OH), arsinic acid given for the triamino compounds in (a), (b),,,
and (0), above, are necessary that the dyes be suitable. An example of an alkylated diamino dye with the sulphonic acid group in one of the three aryl nuclei is Helvetia Green. Schultz, Farbstofltabellen, 7th edition, No. 759, Color Index No. 660. The dyes Methyl Green, Ethyl Green, and
Iodine Green, referred to above, are similar in color to the tetramethyl diamino triarylmethane dye, Helvetia Green. Consequently, they may be looked upon as derivatives of tetramethyl diamino triarylmethane, containing, a quaternary nitrogen group in the para position of the third aryl radical. The presence of the quaternary ammonium group is especially valuable in conferring water solubility on the carbinol form of the dye and upon the colorless addition compounds with alkali sulphite or bisulphite.
Other diamino derivatives which may be used. are those formed from the following leuco compounds:
4-4 tetramethyldiamino triphenylmethane 3" sulphonic acid.
4-4 tetramethyldiamino triphenylmethane 3", 5" disulphonic acid.
4-4 tetramethyl 4 methyl triphenylmethane 3" sulphonic acid.
4-4 tetramethyldiamino 4" hydroxy triphenylmethane 3" sulphonic acid.
4-4 tetramethyldiamino 4" methoxy triphenylmethane 3" sulphonic acid.
4-4 tetramethyldiamino 4" chloro triphenylmethane 3f sulphonic acid.
Bis (4 methyl 3 sulfo ethyl amino phenyl) phenylmethane.
Bis (4 methyl, ethyl sulphate amino phenyl) phenylmetlane.
As with the substituted triamino derivatives the negative or acid group, for example, sulphonic acid, must not appear in the position ortho to the triarylmethane carbon atom, nor must other nuclear substituents appear in such ortho position.
The compounds forming the subject of this invention may be prepared by methods known to the art. They may be considered as derivatives oi the corresponding alkyl amino triarylmethane basic dyes in which the substitution or addition of suitable groups has increased the water solubility of formed by treatment with alkali, and,
(2) The colorless addition compounds with sulphurous acid salts, such as sodium bisulphite or sodium sulphite.
(1) The colorless carbinol bases, which are.
In processing the films or plates which have attached layers containing these dye compounds. the films or plates are immersed in the developing solution which contains sodium sulphite or alkali and sodium sulphite. In this solution the dye is converted into a colorless carblnol form. The films or plates are subsequently treated in a fixing bath containing sulphurous acid salts. and at this point, as well as in the later washing treatment, it is necessary that the dye compounds should remain colorless and soluble.
Dyes heretofore-used, while becoming soluble in the alkaline developing baths, have had the disadvantage of reverting to a colored form in the fixing baths or during washing and it is this undesirable property which this invention is designed to overcome.
Suitable dyes as included in this specification, may be used in water, solution with a colloid such as gelatine, or with water or alkali soluble cellulose compounds, and coated either on transparent film base or glass, or an already coated emulsion. No exact statement of the amount of dye to be used can be given since this depends upon the thickness of the coating, the nature of the photographic material, and the type of use of the screening layer on the photographic material. However, in general, when used as an anti-halation backing, a quantity of dye should be used which gives a photographic transmission density of at least 0.3 over the part of the spectrum to which the emulsion is sensitive. An excessive quantity of the dye should be avoided since protection against halation at a given wavelength is usually obtained with a backing having a transmission density of 0.6 when measured photographically.
In addition to the property of these dyes of bleaching out and remaining colorless during subsequent treatment of the films or plates. they have the additional advantage of not mordanting to the gelatine. Dyes heretofore used which bleach to a colorless form and remain colorless during processing were found to attach themselves to the gelatine in such a way that they could not be subsequently washed out.
It has also been found that the acid dyes herein described stain the fllm base to a much lower degree than the corresponding basic dyes so that an intermediate gelatine layer between the dye layer and the film base need not be used. With certain of these dyes the desensitizing action on an emulsion is also much reduced so that a deflnite improvement in product results from their use in anti-halation backings.
It is to be understood that the modifications to which I refer in the specification are by way of example only and are not to be considered as limitations, since my invention may take other forms not herein specifically mentioned.
What I claim is:
1. A light-transmitting photographic element provided with an anti-halation layer comprising a dye of the alkyl amino triarylmethane series, said aryl being of the benzene series, and said dye containing no substituent group in a position ortho to the triarylmethane carbon, and contain ing at least one substituent group which confers high water solubility on the dye compounds resulting from treatment in alkaline solution and sulfite solution said substituent group being selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium containing three alkyl radicals and a single halogen atom, sulphonic acid, selenonic acid, arsinic acid, phosphonic acid and boric acid.
2. A light-transmitting photographic element provided with an anti-halation layer comprising a dye of the alkyl amino triarylmethane series, said aryl being of the benzene series, and said dye containing no substituent group in a position ortho to the triarylmethane carbon, and containing at least one sulphonic acid group which confers high water solubility on the dye compounds resulting from treatment in alkaline solution and sulfite solution.
3. A light-transmitting photographic element provided with an anti-halation layer comprising a dye having in the leuco form the formula of a 4-4 tetramethyl diamino triphenylmethane 3" sulphonic acid, the position ortho with respect to the triaryl methane carbon atom being unsubstituted.
4. A light-transmitting photographic element provided withan anti-halation layer comprising a dye having in the leuco form the formula 4-4 tetramethyl diamino 4" methoxy triphenylmethane 3" sulphonic acid, the position ortho with respect to the triaryl methane carbon atom being unsubstituted.
5. A light-transmitting photographic element provided with an anti-halation layer comprising a dye having in the leuco form the formula bis [4 methyl ,8 sulfo ethyl amino phenyl] phenylmethane, the position ortho with respect to the triaryl methane carbon atom being unsubstituted.
6. A non-halation photographic element comprising a light-transmitting support having on one face thereof a photographically sensitive layer, and on the other face a dye of the alkyl amino triarylmethane series, said aryl being of the benzene series, and said dye containing no substituent group in a position ortho to the triarylmethane carbon, and containing at least one substituent group which confers high water solubility on the dye compounds resulting from treatment in alkaline solution and sulfite solution said substituent group being selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium containing three alkyl radicals and a single halogen atom, sulphonic acid, selenonic acid, arsinic acid, phosphonic acid and boric acid.
7. A non-halation photographic element comprising a light-transmitting support having on one face thereof a photographically sensitive layer, and on the other face a dye of the alkyl amino triarylmethane series, said aryl being of the benzene series, and said dye containing no substituent group in a position ortho to the triarylmethane carbon, and containing at least one sulphonic acid group which confers high water solubility on the dye compounds resulting from treatment in alkaline solution and sulfite solution.
8. A light-transmitting photographic element provided with an anti-halation layer comprising a dye of the alkyl amino triarylmethane series, said aryl being of the benzene series, and said dye containing no substituents in the aryl groups in a position ortho to the triarylmethane carbon atom and at least one substituent group which confers high water solubility on the colorless dye compounds formed by treatment with solutions containing alkali and solutions containing sulfite said substituent group being selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium containing three alkyl radicals and a single halogen atom, sulphonic acid, selenonic acid, arsinic acid, phosphonic acid and boric acid.
9. A non-halation photographic element comprising a light-transmitting support having on one face thereof a photographically sensitive layer, and on the other face a colloid layer containing a dye of the alkyl amino triarylmethane series, said aryl being of the benzene series, and said dye containing no substituent group in a position ortho to the triaryhnethane carbon, and containing at least one substituent group which confers high water solubility on the dye compounds resulting from treatment in alkaline solution and sulfite solution said substituent group being selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium containing three alkyl radicals and a single halogen atom, sulphonic acid, selenonic acid, arsinic acid, phosphonic acid and boric acid.
10. A light-transmitting photographic element provided with an anti-halation layer comprising a dye of the alkyl amino triarylmethane series, said aryl being of the benzene series, and said dye containing no substituent group in a position ortho to the triarylmethane carbon, and containing at least one sulphonic acid group which confers high water solubility on the dye compounds resulting from treatment in alkaline solution and sulfite solution.
11. A light transmitting photographic element provided with an antihalation layer comprising a dye of the alkylamino triarylmethane series, said aryl being of the benzene series, and said dye having no substituent group in a position ortho with respect to the triaryl methane carbon atom, and having a quaternary ammonium group in the 4" position, said quaternary ammonium group containing three monovalent alkyl radicals, besides the single halogen atom characteristic of a quaternary ammonium compound.
12. A light-transmitting photographic element provided with an anti-halation layer comprising a dye of the alkyl amino triaryl methane series, said aryl being of the benzene series, and said dye containing no substituent group in a position ortho to the triaryl methane carbon atom, and containing at least one quaternary ammonium group containing three alkyl radicals and a halogen atom, which confers high water-solubility on the dye compounds resulting from treatment in alkaline solution and sulfite solution.
13. A light-transmitting photographic element provided with an anti-halation layer comprising a dye of the alkyl amino triaryl methane series, said aryl being of the benzene series, and said dye being unsubstituted in a position ortho with respect .to the triaryl methane carbon atom, and having a quaternary ammonium group in the 4" position, said quaternary ammonium group containing three alkyl radicals, besides the single halogen atom characteristic of a quaternary ammonium compound.
14. A non-halation photographic element comprising a light-transmitting support having on one face thereof a photographically sensitive layer, and on the other face a dye of the alkyl amino triaryl methane series, said aryl being of the benzene series, and said dye containing no substituent group in a position ortho to the triaryl methane carbon atom, and containing at least one quaternary ammonium group containing three alkyl radicals and a halogen atom, which confers high water-solubility on the dye compounds resulting from treatment in alkaline solution and sulfite solution.
IDWILL E. MUEHLER.
| 29,581 |
https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medina%20de%20Pomar%20%28Burgos%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Medina de Pomar (Burgos)
|
https://haw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medina de Pomar (Burgos)&action=history
|
Hawaiian
|
Spoken
| 19 | 42 |
He aupuni kiwikā ‘o , i ka panalā‘au o Burgos, ma Castille a Leon, ma Sepania.
Panalā‘au o Burgos
| 35,988 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31940237
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Category:Advisory bodies
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 80 | 321 |
Kategorie:Beratungsorgan
Wikimedia-Kategorie
Kategorie:Beratungsorgan ist ein(e) Wikimedia-Kategorie
Kategorie:Beratungsorgan Thema der Kategorie Beirat
Ангилал:Зөвлөх байгууллага
категорияд Ангилал
Ангилал:Зөвлөх байгууллага жишээ Викимедиа ангилал
Categorie:Adviesorgaan
Wikimedia-categorie
Categorie:Adviesorgaan is een Wikimedia-categorie
Categorie:Adviesorgaan hoofdonderwerp van categorie adviesorgaan
Categorie:Adviesorgaan
page de catégorie d'un projet Wikimédia
Categorie:Adviesorgaan nature de l’élément page de catégorie d'un projet Wikimédia
Categorie:Adviesorgaan sujet de la catégorie conseil consultatif
Category:諮問委員会
ウィキメディアのカテゴリ
Category:諮問委員会 分類 ウィキメディアのカテゴリ
Category:諮問委員会 カテゴリの中心主題 諮問委員会
Category:Advisory bodies
Wikimedia category
Category:Advisory bodies instance of Wikimedia category
Category:Advisory bodies category's main topic advisory board
| 7,760 |
https://github.com/sumit-anantwar/RxBinding/blob/master/rxbinding-viewpager2/src/main/java/com/jakewharton/rxbinding4/viewpager2/PageScrolledObservable.kt
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,022 |
RxBinding
|
sumit-anantwar
|
Kotlin
|
Code
| 160 | 614 |
@file:JvmName("RxViewPager2")
@file:JvmMultifileClass
package com.jakewharton.rxbinding4.viewpager2
import androidx.annotation.CheckResult
import androidx.viewpager2.widget.ViewPager2
import androidx.viewpager2.widget.ViewPager2.OnPageChangeCallback
import com.jakewharton.rxbinding4.internal.checkMainThread
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.android.MainThreadDisposable
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.core.Observable
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.core.Observer
/**
* Create an observable of page scroll events on `view`.
*
* *Warning:* The created observable keeps a strong reference to `view`. Unsubscribe
* to free this reference.
*/
@CheckResult
fun ViewPager2.pageScrollEvents(): Observable<PageScrollEvent> =
PageScrolledObservable(this)
data class PageScrollEvent(
val viewPager2: ViewPager2,
val position: Int,
val positionOffset: Float,
val positionOffsetPixels: Int
)
private class PageScrolledObservable(private val viewPager2: ViewPager2) : Observable<PageScrollEvent>() {
override fun subscribeActual(observer: Observer<in PageScrollEvent>) {
if (checkMainThread(observer)) {
RxPageChangeCallback(viewPager2, observer).run {
observer.onSubscribe(disposable)
viewPager2.registerOnPageChangeCallback(this)
}
}
}
private class RxPageChangeCallback(
private val viewPager2: ViewPager2,
private val observer: Observer<in PageScrollEvent>
) : OnPageChangeCallback() {
val disposable = object : MainThreadDisposable() {
override fun onDispose() {
viewPager2.unregisterOnPageChangeCallback(this@RxPageChangeCallback)
}
}
override fun onPageScrolled(
position: Int,
positionOffset: Float,
positionOffsetPixels: Int
) {
if (!disposable.isDisposed) {
observer.onNext(
PageScrollEvent(
viewPager2 = viewPager2,
position = position,
positionOffset = positionOffset,
positionOffsetPixels = positionOffsetPixels
)
)
}
}
}
}
| 27,280 |
https://github.com/yongjiajun/BitStat/blob/master/client/src/index.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
BitStat
|
yongjiajun
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 116 | 348 |
import React from 'react'
import { render } from 'react-dom'
import {Route, Router, hashHistory, Link} from 'react-router'
import { App } from './components/App'
import { Whoops404 } from './components/Whoops404'
import 'jquery'
import 'bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css'
import 'bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.js'
import './stylesheet/index.css'
import { Menu } from './components/Menu'
import { BannerChart } from './components/BannerChart'
import { Connectdot } from './components/Connectdot'
import { ViewDetails } from './components/ViewDetails';
import { Banner } from './components/Banner';
// Require the polyfill before requiring any other modules.
require('intersection-observer');
require('bootstrap')
render(
<Router history={hashHistory} basename={process.env.PUBLIC_URL}>
<Route path="*" component= { Menu }/>
</Router>,
document.querySelector("header")
)
render(
<Router history={hashHistory} basename={process.env.PUBLIC_URL}>
<Route path="/test" component={ Connectdot }/>
<Route path="/" component={ App }/>
<Route path="/details/:currency" component={App}/>
<Route path="*" component={ Whoops404 }/>
</Router>
,document.querySelector("#react-root")
)
| 42,987 |
sn83045462_1936-05-16_1_35_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 6,851 | 13,341 |
APARTMENTS—UNFURNISHED. (Continued.) NEW APTS. WEST SIDE 40th PL. AT BENTON ST. Now accepting applications for the most desirable flats in Wash. D. C. 2 and 3 rooms, dinette, kitchen porch and bath. Porches overlook Glover Park. Prices. Sol Up. Available about July 1. L. T. GRAVATTE, 789 15th St. Realtor. Natl. 0753. MODERN APTS. 3517 13th ST. N.W. 8 r., k., b., refrigeration $50.00 1300 TAYLOR ST. N.W. 8 r., dinette, k., b., free refrigeration $50.00 WOODFORD. 504 3rd ST. N.W. 4 b.—_...-j*u.uu , MCLLIN. 320 R. I. AVE. N.W. 4 r., foyer, k., b., free refrigeration $65.00 WHITECROFT. 1301 LONGFELLOW N.W. 8 r., dinette, k., b., refrigeration $65.50 See Janitors on Premises. FRANCIS A. BLUNDON CO., 805 H ST. N.W. THE FERNWOOD, 1458 COLUMBIA RD. N.W. 8 rooms, kitchen, bath, hall---$57.50 Elevator—Electric Refrigeration. MILO MANOR, 1451 PARK RD. N.W. 3 rooms, kit. bath-5fl Frigidaire House Current—Elevator. THE MELWOOD, 1803 BILTMORE ST. N.W. 1 room, kitchen, bath, gas, electricity, electricity, elevator, and switchboard. Elevator—Electric Refrigeration on H.C. Furnished if Desired. T. F. SCHNEIDER CORPORATION 1025 15th St N.W. National 0330. 1841 COLUMBIA RD N.W. 2 rms., kit., bath, porch: $57.50 and $62.50 2 rms., kit., bath, dinette, solarium: $72.50 Electric Refrigeration on House—Elevators, Switchboard. HAMPSHIRE GARDENS. 4912 N. H. AVE. 8 rooms, kitchen, bath, porch: $62.50 Electric Refrigeration on House. See Janitor. 2902 PORTER ST. N.W. 2 rms., kit., bath, porch: $55 Electric Refrigeration on House—Elevator. THE VAN CORTLAND. 1417 Belmont St. N.W. 3 rooms, kitchen, bath: $50 Electric Refrigeration—Elevator. THE WALTON. 1416 R St. N.W. 3 rooms, kitchen, bath: $45 1930 K ST. N.W. 1 room and bath: $32.50 H. G. SMITHY CO., 811 15th St. N.W. National 5903. 1424 16th ST. N.W. 2 bedrooms, living room, dining room, kitchen, 2 baths; corner apt.: $125. 2 master bedrooms, large living room, kitchen, enclosed porch, bath: $100. Electric refrigeration, elevator. Res. mgr. H. L. RUST CO., 1001 15th St. N.W. National 8100. STONELEIGH COURT 1025 Connecticut Ave. 2 rooms, kitchen, bath and foyer. Switchboard and Elevator Service. Mrs. Mary Poston. Res. Mgr., Na. 2206. ALTO TOWERS 3200 Wisconsin Ave. 3 rooms, kitchen and $77.50 Electric Refrigeration. Elevator. NEWELL & BROTHER, Washington Bldg. District 9486. VALLEY VILLAGE 2032 Belmont Rd. N.W. Very desirable apt. overlooking Park. Two bedrooms, 11th Ave. in dining room, kitchen, reception hall, bath, and the enclosed porch. Bridge One room, Murphy closet, dinette, kitchen, and bath. Also available, furnished, exceptionally desirable 2 bedrooms, living room, dining room, reception hall, kitchen, bath, inclosed porch; overlooking park. Resident Manager Decatur 5000. Walter K. Bachrach, Agt. SOUTH CATHEDRAL MANSIONS 2900 Connecticut Ave. 3 rooms, kitchen and bath. 4 rooms, kitchen and bath. Electric Refrigeration. Elevator, and Switchboard. THE LINDBERGH 300 Massachusetts Ave. N.W. $60 3 rooms, kitchen and bath. Refrigeration on House. Elevators and Switchboard. H. G. SMITHY CO. MUTT AND JEFF. Mutt Should Have Joined the Blind Man’s Union —By BUD FISHER NOW MERES A JUDGE AFTER MY OWN GET YOUR HAT AND GOT YOUR HEART HE DISMISSED A CASE AGAINST WHAT CHA WE'REGONNA MAKE AN A BLIND MAN WHO WAS SELLING PENCILS. To THOMAS, I SAYS IN TIMES LIKE THESE ANYBODY WHO TRIES TO MAKE AN HONEST CIVILIAN, MUTT. SHOULD BE APPRUDED I and not pinched: HEY, you SET ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE STREET. APARTMENTS—UNFURNISHED. THE DECATUR, 2131 FLORIDA AVE. N.W. $72.50. Ant. 28—Front outside apt. on second floor: one block from Conn, ave.: 2 bedrooms, living room, hall, dining room, kitchenette, bath. Resident Manager on Premises. R. MARBURY STAMP & CO. 212 Southern Bldg. District 8157, THE WILLSON 1405 Harvard Street N.W. $57 CO—Apt. 104. 3 rooms, kitchen and bath. Refrigeration on house current. THE CEDRIC 4120 14th Street N.W. Apt 23, 3 rooms, kitchen and bath. Refrigeration on house current. Available June 15, 1930. AMERICAN SECURITY AND TRUST COMPANY, Real Estate Dept., 15th and Pa. Ave. N.W. Natl. 4813. HAMMOND COURT, 30th and Q Streets N.W. Apt. 1—5 r., k. & b. $100.00. Electric ref. on house current— Available June 1. DANFORD, 1423 Harvard St. N.W. Apt 10—5 r., k. & b. $50.00. Apt. 12—2 r., k. & b. $43.00. Available June 1. HELTON, 425 D St. S.E. Apt. 11—2 r., k. & b. $42.50. LINVILLE, 116 6th St. N.E. Apt. 101—2 r., k. & b. $50.00. STERLING, 1915 Calvert St. N.W. Apt. 32—3 r.. k. A b. $600.00 Apt. 11—1 r.. k. A b. $70.00 WOODWORTH 1206 10th St. N.W. Apts 2 r.. k. A b. $13.00 and $17.50 •WASHINGTON •LOAN • AND -T RVST • COMPANY* Best Estate Dept. 9th and T St. N.W. National 3410. New Apartment Building 5000 and 5040 New Hampshire Ave. N.W. (At Farraiut Street) One building just completed and ready for immediate occupancy. The other will be ready about June 1. Electric refrigeration. Resident manager in apartment No. 104 at 5000. Two rooms, (over, kitchen and bath. $52.50 to $57.50 Three rooms, foyer, $57 PA kitchen and bath. B. F. SAUL CO. Nnt’l. 2100 925 15th St. N.W. (In (tfoartnient 9n(XPark/^ <Just near to rewind lenouh4.comJort cjjUkstchester duringtfee Ufet weather, life kaVe cutaifaHe suites eaclu niWfc. Call our rental e|y|jijce |jor-joarKcuJarvs. ^WESTCHESTER. , 4000 Cathedral Avenue Cleveland 7700 2800 ONTARIO RD N.W. 24-Hour Elevator Service, 4 rooms, kitchen & bath $100.00, DUNSMORE, 523 11th St. N.W. 2 rooms, kitchen & bath $55.00, 2701 CONN. AVE. 24-Hour Elevator and Switchboard Service, 8 rooms, kitchen & bath $75.00, FALKSTONE COURTS, 1401 Fairmont St. N.W. 24-Hour Elevator and Switchboard Service, 8 rooms, kitchen & bath $75.00, THE CORTLAND, 1708 Euclid St. N.W. 24-Hour Elevator and Switchboard Service, 2 rooms, kitchen & bath $60.00, 4 rooms, kitchen & bath $75.00, THE CHEVY CHASE, 863 Chevy Chase Parkway, At The Circle, 4 rooms, kitchen & bath $90.00, CHATHAM COURTS, 1707 Columbia Rd. N.W. 24-Hour Elevator and Switchboard Service, 1 room & bath $40.00, 2 rooms, kitchen & bath $65.00, 3 rooms, kitchen & bath $65.00, 3 rooms, kitchen & bath $65.00, THE CALVERTON, 1673 Columbia Rd. N.W. 24-Hour Elevator and Switchboard Service 2 rooms, kitchen, bath, $65.00 4 rooms, kitchen, bath, $100.00 ST. ALBANS 2310 Connecticut Ave. 24-Hour Switchboard and Elevator Service 1 room, kitchen, bath, $65.00 3 rooms, kitchen, bath, $100.00 THE WOODWARD 2311 Connecticut Ave. 24-Hour Elevator and Switchboard Service 2 rooms, kitchen, bath, $65.00 3 rooms, kitchen, bath, $100.00 THE WOODWARD 2311 Connecticut Ave. 24-Hour Elevator and Switchboard Service 2 rooms, kitchen, bath, $65.00 4 rooms, kitchen, bath, $100.00 THE WOODWARD 2311 Connecticut Ave. 24-Hour Elevator and Switchboard Service 2 rooms, kitchen, bath, $65.00 PARK ROAD COURTS 1316 Park Road 3 rooms, kitchen, bath, $75.00 A Few very Desirable Furnished Apartments, ELISS PROPERTIES APARTMENTS—UNFURNISHED. COLORED—2142 N. Y. AVE. N.W.—It R., b., elec; $25.50. M. FRANK RUPPERT. 1021 7th St, nw. COLORED—WE HAVE SEVERAL 3-ROOM apts. in Logan place n.w., available at $10.50 per month. To inspect, apply to Mr. WARE. 48 Pierce St. n.w., Apt. 4. FOR COLORED. We have several 3-room apts. in Logan place n.w., renting for $10.60 per month. To inspect, see MR. WARE. 48 Pierce St. n.e. APARTMENTS—SUBURBAN TWO FIRST-FLOOR, 2-ROOM APARTMENTS: next bath, electricity and gas, private porches, yard or garden; garage optional; $25 and $30 per month. Phone Cleveland 3808. No children. 17* 710 NO. CLEVELAND ST., LYON PARK. Va.—3 rooms, bath; well furnished, attractive; near busses, stores, etc. TWO-ROOM APT., FURNISHED; OR 3 rooms, unfurnished; large. Colonial house; cool, quiet. Phone Greenwood 213H-J. 17* 2nd FLOOR. PRIV. HOME; 2 ROOMS, kitchen with Frigidaire; bath. Can be seen Sunday, or after 5 p.m. week days. 3427 N. Washington bird. Clarendon, Va. 216 WEST MONTGOMERY AVE—2 room furnished and on ground floor, outside rooms porches and yard; next bath. Phone Rockville 310-J. SALE—CO-OPERATIVE APTS. — 50 PARKWOOD. 1746 K ST. N W.—7 rooms, bath; vacant; for residence or professional office. Price sharply reduced for cash. LEROY GADDIS. Jr., 1013 15th. National 1277. WANTED—APARTMENTS WANTED IMMEDIATELY — FURNISHED, one or two room apartment, kitchenette, bath, within four blocks Dupont Circle, side street preferred; references offered. Adult couple. State location, price, conveniences. C. H. RAMSDELL. 2024 R st. n.w. REFINED YOUNG COUPLE. WITH LITTLE girl, want small furnished apt., desirable location, reasonable. BROWN, 1730 P st. ny. HOUSES—FURNISHED. CHEVY CHASE, MD, NEAR COLUMBIA Country Club—Insulated; 7 rooms, 2 baths, maid's room and bath, 2-car garage. For July and August. Met, 1152. BEAUTIFULLY FURNISHED HOME. FROM June 1 to Sept. $65 per month; living room, dining room, breakfast room kitchen, 2 bed rooms and bath; to responsible Party, Address Box 144-K. Star office. Park Hotel—8 rooms and bath, also inclosed breakfast porch and sleeping porch; beautifully decorated and completely furnished: oil burner and Frieid alre. Occupancy June 15. Columbia 7475. NEAR DUPONT CIRCLE— 9 ROOMS AND 2 baths: for rent for the Summer months. $95 TYLER & RUTHERFORD, INC., 1520 K st. n.w. Phone National 0475. CHEVY CHASE, NEAR CIRCLE JUNE 1 to Sept. 21. Ideal for Summer, airy rooms, ample porch, grounds and shade trees. Wisconsin 2tf73. 3112 QUE ST N.W.—3 BEDROOMS, 2 living rooms, dining rm.: cool; until October 15 or longer: references. FURNISHED HOME IN CHEVY CHASE. 4 BEDROOMS, 2 baths, sleeping porch. $125 month. For Summer. Wisconsin 4H63. CATHEDRAL AVE —9 RMS. GAS HEAT. Refrigerator, gar.: beautifully furnished: $150. THOMAS P. BROWN. H15 4th ST SW GEORGETOWN—RECENTLY RESTORED 3 front rooms, 2 baths, shower, servant's bath, lavatory; terrace and small garden off 1st floor; electric refrigerator, insulation. To October. Rent adjusted for desirable tenant. Phone North 1525. JUNE AND JULY—COOL, ROOMY, FURNISHED HOUSE, DETACHED CHEVY CHASE, D.C., $75 per month. On bus line. CLEVELAND 3RD; IN CHEVY CHASE—1 ROOMS AND BATH, sleeping porch, garage, large grounds; cool, comfortable. June 1 to September 1; price reasonable; references required. Call Emerson 0245. GLOVER PARK—FOR SALE OR RENT. to January 1, 1917. Nicely furnished 6 rooms and bath, 2 large screened porches and garage. Phone Emerson 4071. ROOM HOUSE 2 BATHS, MAID'S room, garage. June 1 to September 1. $90, Phone Cleveland 7911. BLOCK EAST CHEVY CHASE CLUB—Summer season; cool, pleasant home. 8 rooms, 2 baths, 3 porches (2 screened); 2-car garage, large shaded yard; $135 per mo. Phone Wisconsin 4148. 127 WEST WOODBINE, CHEVY CHASE, Forest section—6 rooms, 2 baths, for Summer or longer; possession June 1 or earlier. Phone Wisconsin 5375. PARK SECTION—LOVELY, FURNISHED 8 rooms, 2 baths; $85, rent, 4 months. Longer Address Box 292-K, Star office. BEAUTIFULLY FURNISHED SEMI-DETACHED brick home: 7 rooms, bath, garage, automatic refrigeration and heat; $125 month. 315 Longfellow Street N.W. WAPLE & JAMES, INC. 1224 14th St. N.W. District 334T Beautiful New Detached Home. Completely furnished, 5 rooms, 2 baths, finished club room in basement, garage. Rent, $125. Inspection any time. 5726 1st ST. N.W. (Just above Madison St.) WAPLE & JAMES, INC. 1224 14th St. N.W. District 3347, HOUSES—FURNISHED AND UNFURNISHED. SEVERAL VERY ATTRACTIVE HOUSES in n.w. section, rent ranging from $57.50 to $200. PHILLIPS & CANBY INC., 1012 15th st. n.w. Phone National 4600. HOUSES—UNFURNISHED. VARNUM ST., OFF 10th ST—LOVELY. 8 rooms, 2 baths, maid’s room and bath, oil burner, Frigidaire, garage. Available at once. DIXIE REALTY CO., 1417 L St. n.w. National 8880. Eve. Potomac 2712, 1321 IRVING ST. N.W.—9 ROOMS, 3 baths, hot-water heat, oil burner; partly furnished. Open for inspection. DONNELLY & PLANT, INC., 1374 Park rd. Col. 0838. 0520 EASTERN AVE.—FIVE ROOMS AND bath, large lot, hot-water heat; $55. WM. H. SAUNDERS CO., 1519 K St. N.W. District 1015. 6-ROOM AND BATH DETACHED BUNGALOW on nice shaded lot in Chevy Chase, Md.; garage; electric refrigerator; now being renovated; $65. 424 Taylor st. Call Cleveland 9128. DUPONT CIRCLE (2010 O ST. N.W.)—Very attractive home: 8 large rooms, 2 baths, fireplaces, up-to-date kitchen, servant's quarters, laundry. Kelvinator, latest and most economical heating plant; newly decorated. For lease by the year to private family only: $126 mo. Open from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Call OWNER, Wisconsin 4240. 11th ST. BETWEEN FAIRMONT AND Girard n.w.—10 rooms, 2 baths, oil heat, garage. Rental, $100. E. P. SCHWARTZ, INC., 1014 Vt. ave, n.w. District. 4310 BRANDYWINE N.W—COR. BRICK. 0 r. and b., a.m.i., $70 D. H. JOHNSON 00. 041 New York ave. nw. CHEVY CHASE, MD. — DELIGHTFULLY cool home. 10 rooms, 3 baths, porch, 2-car garage; oak wood in back; available June 18 for 3 months: $450 for term. Phone Wisconsin 3075. CONN. AVE., CHEVY CHASE—LARGE, beautiful home, wonderful location: 11 rooms IV, baths, oil heat; lot 100x200; many flowers, plants. Ready now; $150 per month. Phone Columbia 7571. Evenings. Shepherd 3471. ATTRACTIVE 6-RM., 1-BATH HOUSE, built-in garage, in new n.w. section. JEROME S. MURRAY CO. _National 8740,_ NEW PALATIAL HOME. A REAL SHOW PLACE. WORTH $30,000—RENT, $250. NEVER OCCUPIED. Beautiful detached corner, over 200-ft. Frontage; 10 rooms (4 bedrooms), master bedroom 16x20). 3 baths, maid's room, unusually large recreation room. 2 large porches, large 2-car garage. Unusual opportunity. Call 11 National 8950. BURLEITH. 1705 37th St. NW—A modern home in this delightful community with 6 rooms, bath, double rear porches, electric refrigeration; $77.50 mo. SHANNON & LUCHS CO., 1505 H St. NW, National 2345. 18 WEST CYPRESS ST., CHEVY CHASE, MD. Detached house of 7 rooms and bath, 2-car garage, well-planted lawn. THOMAS J. FISHER CO., INC., 738 15th St. NW, District 6830. 16 FIFTH STREET N.E. 6 r. and b., all modern; garage, hardwood floors; walking distance to Capitol and surrounding Government buildings. Rent $55. 1805 B STREET S.E. 6 r. and b., all modern; garage; excellent condition; walking distance to Navy Yard and Eastern High School. Rent $60. JOS. A. HERBERT & SONS, 515 East Capitol ES. Lincoln 0128. HOUSES—UNFURNISHED. (Continued.) 1410 SHEPHERD ST. NW 8 rooms, a m i; semi-detached. Rental, $80. J. MERRILL CONNER. Investment Bldg., District 2002. 4100 LELAND ST, CHEVY CHASE, MD 0 room, bath, 2-car garage, electric refrigerator. A lovely home; $600. WEAVER BROS., INC., Washington Bldg., District 0480. FOR WHITE. HOUSES. 2830 27th st. n.w.—8 r., b—$600.00 3813 Warren st. n.w.—8 r., b—$600.00 500 Florida ave. n.e.—6 r., b—$45.00 1—1737 Bay st. s.e.—2 r., k, b—$34.00 No. 3, 1500 North Capitol st.—4 r., b—$30.00 B. F. SAUL CO., National 2100. 025 15th St. N.W. GEORGETOWN—NEW HOMES. 3 spacious rooms, 3 bed rooms, 2 baths. Beautiful club room, living room, fireplace, bright dining room, large kitchen and breakfast room. Built-In garage, automatic refrigeration and heat. 2 of these homes still available. Let only $65 per month. Open for Inspection, Sunday and Daily 2 to 6 P.M. 1010 35th St N.W. WAPLE & JAMES, INC. 1224 14th St. N.W. District 334. CHEVY CHASE, D.C. DETACHED BRICK. NEVER OCCUPIED. Six very large rooms, two baths, oil heat, insulated, fireplace, trees, deep yard; near schools; one block from bus. Call National 0850 for details. COLORED—NEAR NORTH CAPITOL AND H—6 rooms, bath, $25.50. Phone Columbia 7571. Evenings. Shepherd 34.1, COLORED. 915 0th ST S.E. 6 Rooms and Bath—$30,000. J DALLAS GRADY & SON 1104 Vermont Ave. N.W. District PI,0. COLORED. 531 20th st. n.w—8 rooms, 2030 Eye st n w—3 rooms, au M FRANK RUPPERT. 1021 7th N.W. FOR COLORED. HOUSES. 40 Defrees st. n w—6 r., b-$10.50. 129 Madison st n w—4 r., stove—$15.00. 33 Woodburn, D.C — 3 r., stove—$12.00. FLAT. 2nd fl., 4251a Bidge st. n.w.—3 r., k., stove—$10.00. B. F. SAUL CO., National 2100. 925 15th St. S W. WANTED TO RENT—HOUSES. UNFURNISHED 5-ROOM AND BATH BUNGAL Now District or nearby Maryland, adults, reasonable rent. Address Box -,00-K. Star office. 6 RMS DETACHED MODERN NEW OR new condition: in or near Washington: not over STO Columbia 5021. evenings. NORTHWEST—UNFURNISHED, 12 ROOMS, suitable for high-class rooming house. A. A. CORY phone North 0165. SUBURBAN—WANTED 4 OR 5 ROOM cottage or apt., convenient to city. Call National 3492. Apt. 105. evenings. WANTED — UNFURNISHED ROOMING house to 15 rooms good condition: reasonable: suitable for roomers. State full particulars. Address Box l.'10-K. Star office. UNFURNISHED HOUSE. N.W. PREFERRED responsible party: permanent; references. Phone Georgia 4T5T SALE—HOUSES. NEAR MONASTERY—BRICK 6 ROOMS. 2 baths, 1st-floor lavatory, recreation room, oil heat. 2-car built-in garage: high elevation: every convenience. Splendid value. Phone Georgia 8079. evenings. GEORGETOWN HOUSE. $21.0110: BUILT 1795. 8 rooms, 1 baths, up-to-date plumbing, 4 open fireplaces, garden. Call West Uli 2 or inspection. No agents. 12th ST SE. NEAR PA AVE.—7-R AND b. detached, h.w.h. elec., 2-car brick garage: new heat, plumbing, etc. Price only $3,500. Easy terms. E. A. GARVEY, District 4508, 1126 Vermont ave. n.w. ONE BLOCK OF DUPONT CIRCLE—NINE rooms, three baths, all modern, newly decorated: everything in perfect condition: yard to alley. Price reduced to $10,950; good terms. Property on this exclusive street is rarely for sale at any price. W. A. VON HERBULIS. phone National 2930 Evenings and Sunday. Adams 4564. BARGAIN IN — SIX-ROOM HOUSE. TWO lots, with garage: improvements: $2,700. 8 W BOOLEY phone Wisconsin 559. 17* CH. CH., D. C.—3 RECONDITIONED CENTER- hall homes: $8,950 to $10,950. Real bargains. L. H. THADEN Wisconsin 6440. CH. CH., D. C.—SEMI-DETACHED HOME. 6 bedrooms, automatic heat. This is a beautifully built home and the price is right: 1 block Conn ave. L. H. THADEN, phone Wisconsin 5440. 414 LURAY PL. N. W —2 STREET FRONT - ages: 6 rooms, bath, elec. gas furnace; cross ventilation in all bedrooms: 2-car brick garage. Room for another house on Lamont st. frontage. $6,000; terms. GEO. W. LINKINS CO., exclusive agents. 6039 RENO RD. NEAR WOODROW WILSON High School—4 bedrooms, den. 2 baths, lavatory: comparatively new: redecorated: considerably under original cost. OWNER. Cleveland 5787. AROUND CORNER FROM THE MONTERY—Beautiful 6-r. and b. home, all modern, new oil burner, kitchen cabinets, latest bath, stone fireplace: perfect condition: nice trees, shrubbery, etc. Price reduced to $6,950. Good terms. E. A. GARVEY. District 4508. 1126 Vermont Ave, n.w. CHEVY CHASE, MD.—ENGLISH Colonial. Beautiful garden, modern, insulated; will sacrifice. See owner, 4523 Stanford St. Open. 411 COLUMBIA RD N.W—SIX-ROOM, bath brick house: good condition, including new heating plant, garage. Convenient to stores, busses and street cars. Phone National 8740. 742 CRITTENDEN ST. N.W—BEAUTIFUL corner overlooking Sherman Circle. Nine rooms, two baths, shower, sun room, built-in garage; screened; spacious lawn. Open. Price. $10,950. Terms. LEO M BERNSTEIN CO., MET 5401. BEAUTIFUL 2-STORY COLONIAL HOME. 4 bedrooms: lovely yard. L. H. THADEN. sell immediately. OWNER TRANSFERRED. Modern brick 4-bedroom, 2-bath semi-bungalow, oil heat; excellent location; $1,950. Direct sale, no commissions. 1371 Somerset pi. n.w. Inspection by appointment. Telephone Georgia 9177. SACRIFICE—DUTCH COLONIAL BRICK. 9 rooms, 3 baths, automatic Bryant gas heater; roomy screened side porch, built-in garage; screened, weather-stripped and insulated. Situated in best section Chevy Chase, D.C., between Conn. and Wisconsin ave. Lot 70x205. Nicely landscaped and surrounded by wonderfully kept neighborhood. Grounds. Owner will sell at $7,000 off original cost and below assessed value. No trades. Address Box 396-K. Star office. For full particulars, 1106 Jefferson N.W., between Georgia and Illinois aves.—6 rms., a.m.l.; fine condition. Open 12-6 p.m. Saturday and Sunday. 99412 Georgia Ave.—SOLID BRICK. Colonial home, center-hall plan. Huge living room, 4 bedrooms, dandy veranda. See this bargain tonight or Sunday or call National 1438 for particulars. FROM OWNER. CHEVY CHASE, MD. Greatly reduced. Colonial, center-hall, 5 bedrooms, 2 baths, double garage, large corner lot, 7005 Meadow lane. Phone Wisconsin 3589. NEAR 36th AND 8th STS. N.W., ‘BURLEY’—Only $5,160. Modern two-story brick, six rooms and bath. Front and rear porches. Owner wants action. Walter A. Brown. 1415 Eye St. National 1652. YOUR RENT MONEY WILL BUY A HOME. Each month will see you further on the road to Independence. At $50 per month you have paid $9,000 in 16 years and $12,000 in 20 years. We will be glad to help you. Free of charge, find your lot or ready-built home and finance same for you. L. LYLE. 312 Southern Bldg. Phone National 3758. FOR SALE—GEORGETOWN HOME. 3009 P st —Eight rooms, two baths, hot-water heat: $10,000. CLEVELAND PARK. 3622 NORTON PL n.w.—Beautiful semi-detached brick home, newly decorated, oil heat; vacant: open Sunday. Priced right for quick sale. Located Just off Wisconsin ave., 5 squares north of Mass. ave. Call Mr. BOUDREN, National 4520 or Potomac 1714-J. 17* $7,950. New detached Colonial brick home. Edge moor, block from WU. ave.: 6 lovely rooms, faraae, large lot. Easy terms. Phone Adams 2218.17* SEE 211 KENNEDY ST. N.W. _ More for the money than you will find elsewhere. Values will Increase. A home a first commercial tone. Priced at $7,260 close an estate. Open for Inspection. 1224 14th St. NW. JAM“Strict 884T. SALE—BOUSES. (Continued.) CORNER. DETACHED. 7 ROOMS. BATH, lavatory, hardwood floors, automatic heat; $7,150. 5 101 Dorsett n.w. Oev. 2334. 1 l-RM, HOUSE, CENTRALLY LOCATED: 2 baths, 3 toilets, a.m.l. Call OWNER, Adams 1250. No agents need apply. 14th AND OAK STS—$7,950. Modern 7-room brick home, extra 2nd-fl. kitchen, porches, garage. Adams 2218. INWOOD RIDGE, BY OWNERS. 3004 17th st. n.e.—Detached house, 6 rooms, bath, attic, cellar, porches, garage, trees; lot 58x128. NEARBY VA.—$5,500-$7,450. $500-$750 down, reasonable mo. payments. VERY ATTRACTIVE NEW 6-8 room Colonial bricks, open fireplace: large wooded lots, beautifully landscaped: 15 minute bus McCLAINE, 2100 Wilson blvd., Clarendon Va. Phone Walnut 9292, day, eve, and Sunday. CHEVY CHASE, MD. 404 ROSEMARY ST. A beautiful detached center-hall home of 6 rooms, sun porch and 2 baths. Out-of-town owner wants to sell immediately. Inspect and make your offer. Vacant and open Sunday. 2-8 pm. DIST. JUT 17. W. L. MOORE, Georgia 280*. 3429 HOLMEAD PL. N W —10 ROOMS, 2 baths, oil heat, 2 apartments, double garage; good condition. Open week days after 8 p.m. HERE IS THE IDEAL HOME YOU ARE LOOKING FOR 811 OGLETHORPE ST N.W. See It and compare It with any house and you will agree It cannot be duplicated in price or location. For Information call MR. OREM. Georgia 4639. 4008 13th ST NW—BEAUTIFUL BRICK home arranged as a two-family apartment. One apt rented at a good rental and one apt of 4 rooms and bath ready for occupancy and double garage. Price, $7,500; reasonable cash payment and $56.70 per month covering all payments, including taxes. Call Mr. Raine, Cleveland 1751. WAPLE & JAMES, INC. 1224 14th St. N.W. District 3347. SEE TODAY—OPEN 2805 HAMLIN ST. N.E. Detached home, condition like new: large lot, garage. Six rooms, modern kitchen. Price, $6,950. Terms you can afford. WAPLE & JAMES, INC. 1224 14th St. N.W. District 3347. PARK PL N W FACING SOLDIERS' HOME GROUNDS. Six large rooms, porches: all modern. Possession May 20 to June 1. Call at 30 Newton pi, n.w. or Columbia 2184-J. $6,950—TERMS 1343 UWEB fL N.E. Six rooms, bath, new-house condition. Open, screened porches downstairs: glass inclosed porch unstairs: built-in garage. Convenient, close-in-town location. OPEN FOR INSPECTION Be sure to see this house. It is real value. WAPLE * JAMES, INC 1224 14th St. N.W. District 3.147. MARIETTA PARK ABOUT 8 YEARS OLD Sold for $10,350. Now $7,1150. Semi-detached brick, on one of the best streets out in that section; oil burner: $750 cash, balance easy with 5% interest. M B. WEAVER Cloverland 4944. District 3,146. NEW HOME 1308 STAPLES ST. N.E. Seven rooms and 3 baths, arranged for two families. Open till 9 p.m. WAPLE & JAMES, INC. 1224 14th St N.W. District 3,147. WOODRIDGE, D.C. 4028 24th St. N.E. —A new 6-room brick bungalow, in a distinctly new style; large rooms, porch and attic. 2-car garage: $1,000 down. $55 month. Other bungalows from $5,950 up. With monthly payments as low as $60. WOODRIDGE REALTY CO. 2377 Rhode Island Ave, N.E. North 7203, $21.25 LESS THAN RENT BUYS THIS modern 6-room brick in n.w.; auto, heat. Prigldalre, garage, screened porches; only $650 cash. Georgia 8300 or Columbia BUNGALOW—$6,850. TERMS. _ 854 VENABLE PL. N.W. Five large rooms, bath, open fireplace, garage. See It. Possession with deposit. WAPLE & JAMES, INC. 1224 14th St. N.W. District 3,347, NEAR HOLY COMFORTER CHURCH—7 R. brick, a m.l., ready for occupancy; price, $5,250; $750 cash. THOMAS P. BROWN, 615 4th st. s.w. Phone National 1819. WOODRIDGE. 3204 17th ST. N.E. OPEN SUNDAY 13 TO 6. $6,750—Six rooms, porches, h.-w.h., garage for 4 cars. If you want a home in Woodridge, inspect this. Financed through H. O. L. C. WAPLE & JAMES, INC. 1224_14th St. N.W_District 3,147. 4917 CHEVY CHASE BLVD —ALL MODERN New brick house. 5 rms. 1st floor, finished and floor. Owner leaving city, Phone Wisconsin 4614-J. HILLS—BUILT BY OWNER— Delightful story and half English-type home, 4 bedrooms, 2 baths; living room, small dining room, kitchen; built-in garage; beautiful location; large wooded lot. CLEVELAND 1054 01 CLEVELAND 2916. 4918 1st ST N.W. — NEW SEMI-DE LA;J]fd all-brick home in a restricted community, containing 6 cheerful rooms, tile bath with shower, hardwood floors throughout, furred walls, insulated roof, ultra-modern kitchen, automatic heat, and the price is $11,500; convenient terms. Open until 8 p.m. CHEVY CHASE, MD.—$11,950. 4 bedrooms, 2 baths, first-floor lavatory, lot 80x120. Cost over $60,000. NORTH CLEVELAND PARK. Detached, 6 rooms and bath, electric refrigeration, automatic heat, insulated garage; paved street and alley; lot 55x105, landscaped. EDGEMOOR SECTION—59,950. N.Iehm£vSfl'000 CMh and $69.50 monthly. Rooms - Paneled den, 2 baths, finished third floor; oil burner; wooded lot; near 18th and transportation. H. JONES & CO. INC 6620 - Conn. Ave. Cleveland 2,100. HIGH STREET AND AVE. N.E.—TWO STORY BRICK with garage. All modern conveniences. 512 E. Madison at Plavala 4 -room frame house and garage. E. W POWERS. Rush Rd., University Park, Md Greenwood 1378. 18* PINE ROOMS—ONE BATH $5,750. Landscaped lot. 5*5* Section- Hawthorne st., near Con '-'5Am!wtaCaJI Willnut 7940 or National, 95. Evenings. Walnut 0168. NEAR 4th AND NICHOLSON STS. N.W. 0?„'.av.u. r,ul **,n.1"* detached home, 7 rooms, * baths, large living room, fireplace large Bric*d to sell quickly; W.750* Call Mr. Boaze. Georgia H77H. j 004 * JAMES, INC. I--4 14th St. N.W. District 3347. $5,450. house for sale, 1700 pLIVraj_CARR._MlUs_Bl_d«., Natl. 2865. 1344 MONTAGUE ST. N.W. OPEN 6 TO 9 P.M. -.AUO SUNDAY AFTERNOON. Detached 8-room home, having 4 large windows, see this desirable home with large porch and yard, all light above first trust. Priced at $1,500. DONNELLY & PLANT, INC., 1374 Park Rd., Columbia 0838. BUILD IN ROLLINGWOOD. Developing 94 lots, highly restricted in deeds. Get in on the ground floor. Let our designer and architect talk to you. We will finance and build what you want. Call us now. MEZLER-Realtor, District 8600, 1106 Vermont Ave., N.W., Wisconsin 4543. 4600 NEW HAMPSHIRE AVE. OUTSTANDING CORNER, Bound by two streets and wide avenue, all improved: 8 good rooms, built-in garage; suitable for doctor or dentist. Owner anxious to sell. Price $1,500; terms. Cleveland 4944, District 3347. HILLCREST, 2800 33rd ST. S.E. This desirable home is just six months old. Large living room with open fireplace, nice dining room, beautiful tiled kitchen, three lovely bedrooms, tiled bath with shower, front porch, built-in garage; large corner lot 65x137.5 ft. See it Sunday. Open from 10:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. WAPLE & JAMES, INC., 1224 14th St. N.W., District 8346. $6,900. PETWORTH, Colonial brick, six rooms and tile bath, hot-water heat, two-car brick garage. A real buy on very easy terms. JOHN F. DONOHOE & SONS, $14 Prana. Ave. SB. SALE—HOUSES. VICINITY OF 13th AND SPRING RD. 3637 13th St. nw.—Modern 6-rm. Colonial brick, new-house condition, with double porches, deep yard to alley and garage. We recommend that you Investigate this house at once. Open evenings till 9 o'clock. Price, $6,950. D. C. REALTY CO., POT. 3292. 1405 SOUTH CAROLINA AVE. S.E. NOW OPEN. House over 20 ft. wide, just taken in trade by builder. Priced low for Quick sale, COLUMBIA 7079. $6,250—WOODSIDE PARK. Detached frame, bedroom and bath on first floor. 4 rooms and lavatory on 2nd floor; lot 50x150. Substantial cash payment. A real bargain. Call Mr. COVINGTON. Sterling 8664 or National 14:18. WOODRIDGE BUNGALOW. $6,950—terms—buys a 2-bedroom home on beautiful lot, 50x150; splendid, convenient location. PAUL P. STONE. Realtor, NORTH J7471. NR. LINCOLN PARK. $5,450—To close estate: 2-story and cellar brick, 20 feet wide; 6 rooms, bath, h.-w.h. elec., screens, weather strips, hardwood floors and trim. L. T. GRAVATTE, 729 15th St. REALTOR Natl. 0753. Evening Phone, Georgia 21*00. NEW AMERICAN HOMES IN ROLLINGWOOD. Adjoining Rock Creek Park at Beach drive and Leland st.—Beautiful detached homes on large wooded lots: 3 and 4 bedrooms, 2 baths, first-floor library, basement lounge, maid’s room and bath, built in 2-car garage. Open daily 1 to 6. Sunday 8:30 am to 9:30 pm. WAVERLY TAYLOR, INC., 1622 K St. National 1040. Ten rooms, 2 baths, first-class condition; fine location, near Union Station. Sacrifice price. $6,250; terms. Address Box 233-H. Star office. 7 SOLD—3 LEFT. SEE—$6,250—THIS Artistic Group of distinctive homes on large lots. Entrance hall, spacious living room, cabinets, large General Electric refrigerator, expensive sink and gas range. Armstrong linoleum, two large bedrooms, many closets, full tiled bath with shower, cellar, built-in garage. Storage room unequaled in quality and sound construction. Falkland drive; one-fare zone. Out Georgia ave one block beyond District line, turn right one-half block to properties. OPEN DAILY UNTIL 9 PM. OWNER'S PHONE-SHEPHERD: $4,500—VACANT. Md. ave n r.—Six-room and bath brick. Ho-water heat, garage. Can be purchased on terms of $500 cash, balance in monthly payments less than rent. JOHN F. DONOHOE & SONS, 314 Penna, Ave S E. MONTHLY PAYMENT ONLY $49.50. 1616 16th ST. S.E. Attractive, new, all-brick semi-detached house on deep lot; 5 large rooms, tile bath, hardwood floors throughout, large covered front porch; close to stores and transportation. If you can pay rent, you can own this house. Open for inspection Saturday and Sunday. Call Mr. Towbes 1404 K 3T. ll.W, CAPRITZ. DIST. 90*0 $6,450—TERMS. See this two-family brick home, located at 1153 Neal st. n e. A real opportunity to acquire a comfortable, convenient home at small monthly outlay. PAUL P. STONE. Realtor, NORTH 7471. PRICE—$6,450. 441 DELAFIELD PL. N.W. Six lovely rooms, tiled bath, built-in tub and shower, breakfast and sleeping porches, covered front porch, Bryant gas furnace, beautiful recreation room; house completely screened and weather-stripped. Venetian blinds, electric refrigerator, garage, paved street and alley, outside pantry. Reconditioned like new; close to schools, churches and transportation. THINK OF ALL OF THIS FOR $49,450. You must see this home to appreciate it. For sale by owner, or telephone Adams 9749-J. Terms can be arranged. $9,950—N.W. Pretty Colonial D detached brick home. Large rooms, 2 beautiful colored baths, large attic, rock wool insulation, walls furnished brick garage, automatic hot-water heat; beautiful lot completely sodded, big oak trees; excellent environment. Absolutely a bargain. Reasonable terms. MODERN GAS APPLIANCES. Call Columbia 7993. TO SETTLE ESTATE. 6-room and bath brick home near 1st and Adams sts.; h.-w.h., elec., good condition. Priced low at $55,750 for quick sale. Call Mr. REILLY. Cleveland 3574. ENGLISH HOMES IN FOXALL. Double, fronts, 6 and 8 rooms, 1 and 8 baths, open fireplace, double screened porches, garage; some with maid’s room. Model Home 1641 44th St. NW. Open 10 am to 9 pm. WAVERLY TAYLOR, INC., 1622 K St. National 1040. PETWORTH—$6,750. One square from St. Gabriel's Church, attractive detached home, 6 rooms, bath, hot-water heat, electricity, large lot. L. T. GRAVATTE, 729 15th St. REALTOR. Natl. 0753. Evening Phone. Georgia 2900. $6,750. Built on Dannun Close to Lincoln Park—Semi-detached, center hall, seven large rooms and bath, hot-water heat. Offered to settle an estate. Satisfactory terms can be arranged. JOHN F. DONOHOE & SONS, 314 Penna. Ave. SE. 919 EMERSON ST. NW. VACANT. 6 rooms, bath, hot-water heat, reconditioned like new; garage. Buy for home or investment; can save $1,500; right terms. Mr. Braswell. N. E. RYON CO., 3418 14th, Col. 1577. GLOVER PARK. 2221 38th St. NW.—Owner leaving country. Six rooms, bath, glass-inclosed porch, electric refrigeration; property in excellent condition; built-in garage. Priced under $8,000. See owner on premises. Emerson 0958, or phone Mr. MAL ONEY. Cleveland 7649, ___ 17* $7,850—TERMS. Call for appointment to see this 4-bedroom brick home, near 3rd and Upshur sts. n.w. PAUL P. STONE, Realtor, NORTH 7471._ $4,950. PARKVIEW SECTION. $950 CASH—$28.50 MONTHLY. 20-ft. Colonial brick home, 6 rooms, bath, h.-w.h., elec. This home taken in trade and must be sold: $4,000 first trust just being placed at 6½ for three years. A good buy for home or investment. Will rent for $55 per month. Call Mr. Parker. District 0620. ONLY $9,950—CH. CH., MD. 24 E. BRADLEY LANE. Detached, lot 70x130: 8 rooms, 2 baths, h.-w.h., elec., 2-car garage; one block to Chevy Chase Country Club. 901 B ST. N.E. Corner brick, 26 feet wide, 8 rooms, bath, h.-w.h., elec., front, and side porches, built-in A. L. T. GRAVATTE, 729 15th St. REALTOR. Natl. 0753. EXCELLENT N.W. SECTION. UNDER $7,000. HIGH ELEVATION. SOUTHERN EXPOSURE. 8 rooms and bath, beautiful recreation room, hardwood floors, extra pantry, screened rear porches, cornered front porch. EVERYTHING MODERN AND ABSOLUTELY LIKE NEW. Call Metropolitan 5034. Day or Night for Inspection. BRICK BUNGALOW. Blair Rd and MacDonald Pl. n.w —2 new brick bungalows to be completed in a few weeks of 5 large rooms, tile bath, fireplace, chestnut trim, large floored attic, large lot, garage: $8,500. To Inspect: Out New Hampshire ave. to Blair rd. n.w., left on block. GOOD. 8024 R. L Ave. N.E. Decatur 0817. SALE—HOUSES. BUNGALOW BARGAINS. Woodridge, 2001 25th St. n.e.—Attractive bungalow, 5 rms. and b., h.-w.h. fireplace, attic, large kitchen and large lot; garage. Price, $8,050. Near Woodridge, 1212 H St. n.e.—First time offered. Attractive bungalow in new-house condition; 5 rooms. and bath, modern kitchen, electric refrigeration, large lot, garage. Price $6,150. WM R. THOROWGOOD. 2024 R, I, Ave, N.E, Decatur 0317. 300 EMERSON ST. N.W. PETWORTH CORNER. ARRANGED FOR DOCTORS OFFICE. Just completed, with large finished reception room and adjoining reception room in basement, with private, direct entrance from sidewalk on street level. This beautiful center-hall brick dwelling has 8 large rooms, 2 complete baths, electric health kitchen, built-in garage, oil heat. Situated on highest elevation in Petworth, convenient to transportation, schools and stores. Open daily until 9 pm, or call CAFRITZ CO, District $500. BUY DIRECT FROM OWNER $1,000.00 cash and the assumption of a Home Owners’ Loan Corporation mortgage now on property will buy home at 4203 16th Street N.W., in a splendid neighborhood with all modern improvements; eight rooms, three baths with showers, hot-water heat, electricity. Complete house furnishings also for sale. Open for inspection until day and evening. Telephone occupant owner at Adams $675. “A SMALL ESTATE” In Woodland Acres $6,800 to $6,500 If you are looking for a beautiful home with plenty of ground and in a restricted, high-class development for a surprisingly low cost, visit Woodland Acres today. All homes front the highway on lots 100 feet wide by 100 feet deep. These homes are brick, have hot-water heat, hardwood floors throughout, tile baths and detached garages. Each lot is landscaped in a natural setting of oak, pine, holly and dogwood. Open Until 9 P.M. Daily Office on Property. Wilson & Roughton, Inc. To reach: Drive over Anacostia Bridge and take Good Hope Road to left. At top of hill bear right on Route No. 5, through Clinton. T.B. to Waldorf and on to Woodland Acres. Distinctive Group New, Detached Brick Homes $7,250 (West Chewy Chase) 5 Rooms, Tiled Bath, Electric Kitchen, Full Basement, Fireplace, Rock Wool Insulation. State Roof; Wide Lots. (Corner Houses, $7,450) Drive out Wisconsin Ave.—bear right at Bank of Bethesda 4 blocks, turn right on Highland Ave. Walker & Prescott, Inc. B°7rr NEW BRICK HOMES WOODRIDGE SAMPLES 2630 Newton St. N.E. 3626 28th St. N.E. 6 Urge Boob. # Ut 38x139 Tile Bath | Metal Garage Modern Kitchen | South Exposure Concrete Porch | Slate Roof Copper Gutters | Weather-stripped Oak Floors | Copper Screens Some with 4 bath on first floor. Fireplace; chestnut trim and large floored attic. Open Until 9 P.M. To Inspect—Out Rhode Island Ave. to 21st St. N.B., left 1 block to homes. Wm. R. Thorowgood -’’Oil R. I. Ave. N.E. Occidental 0317 A SALE—HOUSES. 4441 FARADAY PL. N.W. In Port Bayard Park. St. Ann a part where all homes are new; English "“me of 7 rooms. 1½ tiled baths. hotel and shower; reception 'vine room, open fireplace. with built-in bookcase, lovely dining room breakfast room, kitchen-bath fully equipped; 'l.*55-.etl.y a|.ran.ged bed rooms, plenty of closets; 2 of bed rooms will see commodate fun furniture sets, including furnace beds: dressing alcove off master bed room: daylight recreation room basement, toilet, built-in garage, refrigerator gas heat, electrically controlled: radiator covers made to order; awnings copper screens. House faces concrete entrance porch, large porch on east: beautiful shrubbery: In perfect condition: beautifully decorated throughout. For the best of all, the undivided guarantee of the builder is a perfect one. One-half block from bus and 2 blocks from street car. House high above street level. Owner will sell at a sacrifice. Directions: Drive out Wisconsin Ave. to Fettenden St. West for 5th St. and north at a few feet to Faraday Place. New Bungalows, Two Locations, 505-7 Taylor St., Chevy Chase, 4708-10 Rosedale St., Bethesda, 5 Large, Light Rooms, Beautiful tiled bath with shower, hardwood floors, washable wallpaper, General Electric refrigerators, large lots, $60 monthly, including taxes. Cars, schools, and churches convenient. Phone us for auto to inspect. ONLY $6,950 Open Until 8:30 P.M. HOWENSTEIN REALTY CORP. 1418 H St. N.W. Dist. 7877 Just Compare Values 6 Rooms and Recreation Roam. 3 Bed Rooms, 2 Baths j on 2nd floor. $8,450 5126 3rd St. N.W. ('AOKU 1 y>ii‘AiJy j Built-in Garage Automatic Gat Heat A REAL HOME In Beautiful Chevy Chasa, D. C. 6135 30th Street | All-Brick Detached Home. 8 Very Large Room?, Two Tiled Bathf. On Beautifully Wooded Lot. Extra Features. , Chestnut trim: screened and weath er-strlpped: finished attic: recreation room: automatic heat; detached garage. If You Are Looking For Real V*1' Don't Fail to See This Horn. The price Is surprisingly low and suitable terms can be arranged. "S mn am {JUtkwnem : L HEAIJH HOME Drive out to intersection o/ Utah Are. and Rittenhouse St. N.W.. noht one halt block to 30th St. and home. Goodloe & Kloeppinger 907 15th St. N.W. Notional 7793. COLOREDBARGAIN, $4,500. fi r.. b.. h.-w.h.. elec._Natlonal 8949. PROFESSIONAL—COLORED. 1526 CORCORAN ST. N.W. Will Be Open Sunday for Inspection From 2 to 4 P.M. Priced Low for Quick Sale. CHAS L NORRIS. 2135 Pa. Ave. N.W._West 0480. COLORED Better Homes CAPITAL VIEW America's Finest Colored Community PAY LIKE BENT See the new type homes—small down payment — all modern conveniences — recreation room and bar optional. PEERLESS FURNISHED Model Home, 31 53rd St. S.E. 5-room modern dwelling also 5334 East Capitol St. St. 5-room home—extra large bedrooms. MODEL HOMES OPEN 2 P.M. to 9 P.M. Daily and Sunday FREE BUS SERVICE Capital View bus meets H Street Car marked “District” at 48th Street. Capital View Realty Co. 937 New York Ave. N.W. National 971 WANTED TO BUY—HOUSES. HIGHSEST PRICES PAID for old brick houses: cash settlement. Address Box 359-J. Star office. OR 7 ROOMS IN GOOD WHITE LOCATION, not to exceed $600. Address Box 140-K. Star office. I WILL PAY ALL CASH FOR YOUR District property, brick or frame, white or colored condition and location immaterial. No commission charged. Get my price before you sell. G. O. DUTY, 1024 Vermont Ave. Phone National 4482. WILL PAY ALL CASH FOR YOUR PROPERTY, not over $7,500. Write or phone R. S. MOSES. 027 15th St, District 3121. TO 8 ROOMS: PREFER OLD HOUSE. Would like possession within 45 days. Must be in D. C. Can pay cash. E. A. GARVEY. phone District 4508 1128 Vermont ave. We have clients ready to buy homes, all sections of D. C. and nearby Maryland. MOSS REALTY CO., Tower Building. Metropolitan 1776. SALE—FARMS. 4 ACRES. GOOD 8-ROOM HOUSE WITH elec.; 8 miles from the Congressional Club, 1 mile from hard road. Price $1,850; terms. BUELL M. GARDNER. Rockville, Md. Phone 280, COLESVILLE, MD. ACREAGE—7 OR 13 acres, highest elevation in county. Beautiful home sites. HOAGLAND, phone Cleveland 5192, evenings. 17* FARM. 100 ACRES. NEAR WARRENTON, Va. 1 mile Lee Highway; large Colonial home, outbuildings; good condition; near stores, school, churches, H. H. HACKLEY. phone National H400. Extension 2458. 17_ 333 ACRES ON HARD ROAD. $24.50 PER acre: 30 miles from Washington; attractive old home: electricity a tillable: 1 mile to schools, stores, churches, etc.; has barn, tenant house, corn house and other outbuildings; good fencing; land lies mcely: large stream runs through entire property, rare opportunity to purchase a large tract at a low figure: convenient terms. COUNSELLMAN & O'BRIEN, phone Wisconsin 4240. QUICK SALE $600: HOUSE. BARN. 10 tc. or 35 ac. and include cottage, spring house; nice stream and woodland, for $2,156; 15 ml. D. C. R. D. GRAHAM. Fairfax 61 or 88. GOOD BARGAIN FOR RIGHT PARTY— Small ranch, about 100 acres, fine soil for grain. and grass, some woods: bit stream, livable new house 2 baths. 4 sleeping rooms: pretty good neighbors within calling distance: nice views: 5 minutes' drive from Rockville moving picture house. Price. $20,000. Will trade clear of debt for sound stocks or bonds or clear rented Washington property. OWNER. Address Box 67-K, Star office. SALE—ACREAGE. SUBURBAN ACREAGE. GOOD ELETCH. Field, woods, stream: convenient downtown; $26,000 acre up. BAUER. Beulah.
| 43,585 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32548499
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Thể loại:Phường, xã thuộc thành phố Thái Bình
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 24 | 53 |
Thể loại:Phường, xã thuộc thành phố Thái Bình
thể loại Wikimedia
Thể loại:Phường, xã thuộc thành phố Thái Bình là một thể loại Wikimedia
| 3,561 |
https://github.com/Hurtak/Tomatotim/blob/master/app/js/services/favicon.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,015 |
Tomatotim
|
Hurtak
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 174 | 537 |
TT.Services.Favicon = (function () {
'use strict';
var icon = document.getElementById('favicon-ico');
function init() {
// When we change .ico favicon, IE switches to otherwise unused .png icons,
// instead of using the changed one. If we remove these icons, dynamic
// favicon change works.
if (TT.Services.BrowserDetection.isIE) {
var favicons = document.querySelectorAll('[data-favicon-explorer]');
for (var index = 0; index < favicons.length; index++) {
document.head.removeChild(favicons[index]);
}
}
}
// type: 'work', 'break', 'longbreak'
function setFavicon(type) {
// Firefox: only uses .ico, changing href changes the icon
// Chrome: we need to delete icon and create new one
if (TT.Services.BrowserDetection.isFirefox || TT.Services.BrowserDetection.isIE) {
icon.rel = 'shortcut icon';
icon.href = 'icons/favicon-' + type + '.ico';
icon.id = 'favicon-ico';
} else {
// chrome, opera
// TODO: test with Safari
icon = document.createElement('link');
icon.rel = 'icon';
// TODO: maybe remove these?
icon.setAttribute('type', 'image/png');
icon.href = 'icons/favicon-16x16-' + type + '.png';
// TODO: maybe remove these?
icon.setAttribute('sizes', '16x16');
icon.id = 'favicon-png';
var oldIcon = document.getElementById('favicon-png');
if (oldIcon) {
document.head.removeChild(oldIcon);
}
document.head.appendChild(icon);
}
}
return {
init: init,
setFavicon: setFavicon
};
})();
| 25,268 |
https://github.com/JeiKeiLim/torch-kindle/blob/master/kindle/generator/yolo_head.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
torch-kindle
|
JeiKeiLim
|
Python
|
Code
| 198 | 627 |
"""YOLOv5 head generator.
- Author: Jongkuk Lim
- Contact: lim.jeikei@gmail.com
"""
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
import numpy as np
from torch import nn
from kindle.generator.base_generator import GeneratorAbstract
from kindle.modules.yolo_head import YOLOHead
class YOLOHeadGenerator(GeneratorAbstract):
"""Generate YOLO Head."""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.in_shape: Optional[Union[np.ndarray, List[List[int]]]] = None
self.input_size: Optional[List[int]] = None
@property
def out_channel(self) -> List[int]:
kwargs = self.kwargs
n_layers = len(kwargs["anchors"])
return [kwargs["n_classes"] + 5 for _ in range(n_layers)]
@property
def in_channel(self) -> List[int]:
assert self.in_shape is not None
return [s[0] for s in self.in_shape]
def compute_out_shape(self, size: np.ndarray, repeat: int = 1) -> List[List[int]]:
self.in_shape = size
out_channels = self.out_channel
return [[-1, o_channel] for o_channel in out_channels]
@property
def kwargs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
args = self.args
out_xyxy = False
if len(args) == 3:
out_xyxy = args[2]
args = args[:2]
kwargs = self._get_kwargs(YOLOHead, args)
kwargs["out_xyxy"] = out_xyxy
return kwargs
def __call__(self, repeat: int = 1) -> nn.Module:
assert self.in_shape is not None and self.input_size is not None
in_shape = self.in_shape
input_size = self.input_size
kwargs = self.kwargs
n_channels = [s[0] for s in in_shape]
strides = [input_size[0] / s[1] for s in in_shape]
kwargs["n_channels"] = n_channels
kwargs["strides"] = strides
module = YOLOHead(**kwargs)
return self._get_module(module)
| 47,752 |
6887000_1
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,022 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 1,650 | 2,114 |
HAMILTON, Circuit Judge.
The Hudson Motor Car Company invoked the jurisdiction of the Federal Court under Section 24(1) (a) of the Judicial Code, 28 U.S.C.A. § 41(1) (a), claiming that the taxing officials of the City of Detroit and the Treasurer of the County of Wayne, Michigan, and the Michigan State Tax Commission had arbitrarily determined the value of a part of its property for local taxation which resulted in inequality in appellant’s tax burden contrary to the Fourteenth Amendment. Appellant prayed for a declaratory judgment or decree pursuant to the Federal Declaratory Judgment Act. 28 U.S.C.A. § 400. The court on motion dismissed appellant’s petition without trial or joinder of issue, from which order this appeal is prosecuted.
In its complaint, appellant alleged that the Board of Assessors of the City of Detroit, the Common Council of the City of Detroit, sitting as a Board of Review with the approval of the Michigan State Tax Commission, valued appellant’s machinery and equipment, its furniture and fixtures and its inventory of supplies in excess of their true cash value in violation of the requirements of Section 7 of Article 10 of the Constitution of the State of Michigan and Title 6, ch. 2, Sec. 1 of the charter of the City of Detroit, and that as a result thereof it was deprived of its property without due process and in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment.
The gist of appellant’s contention is that the Board of Assessors of the City of Detroit, in determining the true cash value of the above property, used original cost less depreciation or book value with arbitrary adjustments and that the assessors refused to consider as evidence of the value of the property the earnings or losses of appellant as a going business concern and the market value of its stock. In other words, appellant contends that the assessing officials were required to treat all of its property as a unit assessing it as an entirety and any method of valuation which dissects it into fragmentary parts, leads to inequality and injustice, and by ignoring appellant’s earnings and losses and the price at which its stock sold to the public, appellees arbitrarily and capriciously assessed its property and are executing the tax laws of the state and city against appellant in such manner that in view of the mode in which other taxing laws are executed against a large part of the taxable property of the City of Detroit, appellees will impose upon appellant an unequal burden in violation of its rights under the State Constitution.
Two issues are urged on this appeal : (a) Did the court abuse its discretion in dismissing appellant’s petition; (b) Was the court without jurisdiction because of the provisions of the Act of August 21, 1937, Ch. 726, Sec. 1, 50 Stat. 738, amended Sec. 24 of the Judicial Code, 28 U.S.C.A. § 41 (1). Since there is no diversity of citizenship in the case at bar, there must be a federal question not in mere form but in substance, not a mere assertion but in essence and effect to give the court jurisdiction. Cuyahoga River Power Co. v. Northern Ohio Traction & Light Co., 252 U.S. 388, 397, 40 S.Ct. 404, 64 L.Ed. 626.
The Fourteenth Amendment was not intended to prevent a state or municipality from adjusting its system of taxation and administering its tax laws in all proper and reasonable ways. Absolute equality in taxation is unattainable. A tax is not in conflict with the Fourteenth Amendment unless its imposition clearly results in such flagrant and palpable inequality between the burden imposed and the benefit received as to amount to the arbitrary taking of property without com*577pensation. The matter of valuation is left largely to the discretion and judgment of assessing officials and equalizing boards, and when acting in good faith, their judgment should not be overthrown unless it is made to appear they proceeded upon an erroneous principle or adopted an improper method of estimating value. State of Missouri v. Dockery, 191 U.S. 165, 171, 24 S.Ct. 53, 48 L.Ed. 133, 63 L.R.A. 571; Sunday Lake Iron Co. v. Township of Wakefield, 247 U.S. 350, 353, 38 S.Ct. 495, 62 L.Ed. 1154; Baker v. Druesdow, 263 U.S. 137, 44 S.Ct. 40, 68 L.Ed. 212; Bell’s Gap R. Co. v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 134 U.S. 232, 237, 10 S.Ct. 533, 33 L.Ed. 892.
Assessing officials act in a quasi judicial capacity and their findings have the quality of a judgment. Hagar v. Reclamation District, 111 U.S. 701, 709, 4 S.Ct. 663, 28 L.Ed. 569; Turner v. Wade, 254 U.S. 64, 41 S.Ct. 27, 65 L.Ed. 134. A nondiscriminatory tax, although arising out of an excessive valuation, is beyond the pale of the Constitution.
When the Constitution is sought to be used as an instrument to set aside an assessment as unfair and partial, something more than error of judgment must be shown, something which indicates fraud or misconduct, or the application by assessing officials of a clearly improper method of estimating value.
There is no fact stated in appellant’s petition showing fraud or bad faith on the part of appellees. Giving due weight to all that appellant claims and all inferences to be drawn from the facts alleged in its petition, its contention boils down to the point that in valuing its assets for the purpose of measuring the tax it justly owed, the assessors lacked the authority to segregate its tangible assets into different groups for the purpose of valuation. It has been the practice in all of the states to treat corporations as distinct from individuals in the matter of taxation and it has also been the practice to classify corporations for the purpose of taxation, such as public service corporations and manufacturing companies.
Taxes may be imposed (a) upon the franchise of a corporation, (b) upon the capital stock in the hands of the corporation either at its par or actual value, (c) upon the tangible property of the corporation, real and personal, (d) upon the shares of the capital stock in the hands of the stockholders. Tennessee v. Whitworth, 117 U.S. 129, 136, 6 S.Ct. 645, 29 L.Ed. 830.
Under the constitution of Michigan, all assessments of property shall be at its cash value (Constitution 1908, Art. 10, § 7). This means not only the property which may be put to valuable uses but that which has a recognizable pecuniary value inherent in itself and not enhanced or diminished according to the person who owns or uses it. Perry v. City of Big Rapids, 67 Mich. 146, 34 N.W. 530, 11 Am.St.Rep. 570.
A tax upon the excess of the market value of the stock of a corporation over the value of its tangible property is a franchise tax. In the case of public service corporations, the special privileges granted to them, which are not possessed by individuals or private corporations, are a secondary franchise and a separate element of value. When separate articles of tangible property are joined together not simply by unity of ownership, but in unity of use, there is frequently developed a property intangible in character which in value exceeds the aggregate of the separate pieces of tangible property. Adams Exp. Co. v. Ohio State Auditor, 166 U.S. 185, 17 S.Ct. 604, 41 L.Ed. 965.
The power of the states and their subdivisions to tax all of the enumerated elements of taxable value of corporate wealth is not confined to a choice of a single one to the exclusion of any other and each element itself being distinct may be an appropriate subject of taxation without reference to any other element so long as duplication of value is avoided.
In general, real estate and tangible personal property of a manufacturing corporation having a fixed situs are valued for the purpose of taxation in the same manner as like property of individuals.
In estimating the value of the intangibles of a corporation, more facts may have to be considered than in estimating the value of tangibles, because ordinarily franchises have no market value separated from the corporation’s tangible assets. Therefore, in determining the fair cash value of franchises, the earnings of the corporation, its losses, the price at which the stock sells to the public, are weighty as evidence; but they are not material in valuing the tangible property of corporations although the use to which such property is put and its location may affect its fair cash value.
*578The rule of treating aggregations of property as a unit for the purpose of determining the assessed value thereof has no application to a manufacturing corporation such as appellant unless there is specific statutory authority requiring it. The assets in question are not so intertwined with other taxable assets of appellant that their withdrawal would substantially impair their use for other purposes, or would impair the use of the remaining assets.
Appellant makes no issue that if the assets in question may legally be segregated for the purpose of valuation that appellees have grossly or excessively assessed such properties or that their valuation was arrived at by the adoption of a fundamentally wrong principle. As we view appellant’s petition, it presents no facts that would entitle it to the protection of the Constitution.
Appellees invoke Section 24 of the Judicial Code as amended as a bar to this action. This section withdraws from the jurisdiction of the Federal Court any suit to enjoin, suspend or restrain the levy or collection of any tax imposed by a state where a plain, speedy and efficient remedy may be had by law or equity in the courts of such state. In view of the conclusion here reached, we find it unnecessary to consider the remedies appellant has under the laws of Michigan or whether the statute in question ousted the court of jurisdiction.
Judgment affirmed.
| 9,639 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125730880
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
frontières fortifiées de l'Europe
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 4 | 11 |
frontières fortifiées de l'Europe
| 20,648 |
https://github.com/rdkcmf/rdk-hdmicec/blob/master/ccec/src/DriverImpl.cpp
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,018 |
rdk-hdmicec
|
rdkcmf
|
C++
|
Code
| 877 | 3,022 |
/*
* If not stated otherwise in this file or this component's Licenses.txt file the
* following copyright and licenses apply:
*
* Copyright 2016 RDK Management
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
/**
* @defgroup hdmicec
* @{
* @defgroup ccec
* @{
**/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "osal/EventQueue.hpp"
#include "osal/Exception.hpp"
#include "ccec/Util.hpp"
#include "ccec/Exception.hpp"
#include "DriverImpl.hpp"
#include "ccec/OpCode.hpp"
using CCEC_OSAL::AutoLock;
CCEC_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
#include "ccec/driver/hdmi_cec_driver.h"
size_t write(const unsigned char *buf, size_t len);
void DriverImpl::DriverReceiveCallback(int handle, void *callbackData, unsigned char *buf, int len)
{
CECFrame *frame = new CECFrame();
frame->append((unsigned char *)buf, (size_t)len);
CCEC_LOG( LOG_DEBUG, ">>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >> >> >\r\n");
dump_buffer((unsigned char*)buf,len);
CCEC_LOG(LOG_DEBUG, "==========================\r\n");
try {
static_cast<DriverImpl &>(Driver::getInstance()).getIncomingQueue(handle).offer(frame);
}
catch(...) {
CCEC_LOG( LOG_EXP, "Exception during frame offer...discarding\r\n");
}
CCEC_LOG( LOG_DEBUG, "frame offered\r\n");
}
DriverImpl::DriverImpl() : status(CLOSED), nativeHandle(0)
{
CCEC_LOG( LOG_DEBUG, "Creating DriverImpl done\r\n");
}
DriverImpl::~DriverImpl()
{
{AutoLock lock_(mutex);
if (status != CLOSED) {
this->close();
}
}
}
void DriverImpl::open(void) throw(InvalidStateException, IOException)
{
{AutoLock lock_(mutex);
if (status != CLOSED) {
#if 0
throw InvalidStateException();
#else
return;
#endif
}
int err = HdmiCecOpen(&nativeHandle);
if (err != HDMI_CEC_IO_SUCCESS) {
throw IOException();
}
HdmiCecSetRxCallback(nativeHandle, DriverReceiveCallback, 0);
status = OPENED;
}
}
void DriverImpl::close(void) throw(InvalidStateException, IOException)
{
{AutoLock lock_(mutex);
if (status != OPENED) {
#if 0
throw InvalidStateException();
#else
return;
#endif
}
status = CLOSING;
/* Use NULL as sentinel */
rQueue.offer(0);
int err = HdmiCecClose(nativeHandle);
if (err != HDMI_CEC_IO_SUCCESS) {
throw IOException();
}
status = CLOSED;
}
}
void DriverImpl::read(CECFrame &frame) throw(InvalidStateException, IOException)
{
{AutoLock lock_(mutex);
if (status != OPENED) {
throw InvalidStateException();
}
}
CCEC_LOG( LOG_DEBUG, "DriverImpl::Read()\r\n");
bool backToPoll = false;
do {
backToPoll = false;
CECFrame * inFrame = rQueue.poll();
if (inFrame != 0) {
frame = *inFrame;
delete inFrame;
}
else {AutoLock lock_(mutex);
if (status != OPENED) {
/* Flush and return */
while (rQueue.size() > 0) {
inFrame = rQueue.poll();
frame = *inFrame;
delete inFrame;
}
throw InvalidStateException();
}
else {
backToPoll = true;
}
}
} while(backToPoll);
}
/*
* Only 1 write is allowed at a time. Queue the write request and wait for response.
*/
void DriverImpl::write(const CECFrame &frame) throw(InvalidStateException, IOException, CECNoAckException)
{
const uint8_t *buf = NULL;
size_t length = 0;
frame.getBuffer(&buf, &length);
{AutoLock lock_(mutex);
if (status != OPENED) {
throw InvalidStateException();
}
int sendResult = HDMI_CEC_IO_SUCCESS;
CCEC_LOG( LOG_DEBUG, "DriverImpl::write to call HdmiCecTx\r\n");
int err = HdmiCecTx(nativeHandle, buf, length, &sendResult);
CCEC_LOG( LOG_DEBUG, ">>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >> >> >\r\n");
dump_buffer((unsigned char*)buf,length);
CCEC_LOG(LOG_DEBUG, "==========================\r\n");
CCEC_LOG( LOG_DEBUG, "DriverImpl:: call HdmiCecTx DONE %x, result %x\r\n", err, sendResult);
if (err != HDMI_CEC_IO_SUCCESS) {
throw IOException();
}
if (sendResult != HDMI_CEC_IO_SUCCESS) {
if ((sendResult == HDMI_CEC_IO_INVALID_STATE) ||
(sendResult == HDMI_CEC_IO_INVALID_ARGUMENT) ||
(sendResult == HDMI_CEC_IO_LOGICALADDRESS_UNAVAILABLE) ||
(sendResult == HDMI_CEC_IO_SENT_FAILED) ||
(sendResult == HDMI_CEC_IO_GENERAL_ERROR) )
{
throw IOException();
}
}
if (((frame.at(0) & 0x0F) != 0x0F) && sendResult == HDMI_CEC_IO_SENT_BUT_NOT_ACKD) {
throw CECNoAckException();
}
/* CEC CTS 9-3-3 -Ensure that the DUT will accept a negatively for broadcat report physical address msg and retry atleast once */
else if (((frame.at(0) & 0x0F) == 0x0F) && (length > 1) && ((frame.at(1) & 0xFF) == REPORT_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS ) && (sendResult == HDMI_CEC_IO_SENT_BUT_NOT_ACKD))
{
throw CECNoAckException();
}
}
CCEC_LOG( LOG_DEBUG, "Send Completed\r\n");
}
int DriverImpl::getLogicalAddress(int devType)
{
{AutoLock lock_(mutex);
int logicalAddress = 0;
CCEC_LOG( LOG_DEBUG, "DriverImpl::getLogicalAddress called for devType : %d \r\n", devType);
HdmiCecGetLogicalAddress(nativeHandle,devType,&logicalAddress);
CCEC_LOG( LOG_DEBUG, "DriverImpl::getLogicalAddress got logical Address : %d \r\n", logicalAddress);
return logicalAddress;
}
}
void DriverImpl::getPhysicalAddress(unsigned int *physicalAddress)
{
{AutoLock lock_(mutex);
CCEC_LOG( LOG_DEBUG, "DriverImpl::getPhysicalAddress called \r\n");
HdmiCecGetPhysicalAddress(nativeHandle,physicalAddress);
CCEC_LOG( LOG_DEBUG, "DriverImpl::getPhysicalAddress got physical Address : %x \r\n", *physicalAddress);
return ;
}
}
void DriverImpl::removeLogicalAddress(const LogicalAddress &source)
{
// int LA[15] = {0};
{AutoLock lock_(mutex);
if (status != OPENED) {
throw InvalidStateException();
}
logicalAddresses.remove(source);
HdmiCecRemoveLogicalAddress(nativeHandle, source.toInt());
}
}
bool DriverImpl::addLogicalAddress(const LogicalAddress &source)
{
{AutoLock lock_(mutex);
if (status != OPENED) {
throw InvalidStateException();
}
int retErr = HdmiCecAddLogicalAddress(nativeHandle, source.toInt());
if (retErr == HDMI_CEC_IO_LOGICALADDRESS_UNAVAILABLE) {
throw AddressNotAvailableException();
}
else if (retErr == HDMI_CEC_IO_GENERAL_ERROR) {
throw IOException();
}
else {
logicalAddresses.push_back(source);
}
}
return true;
}
bool DriverImpl::isValidLogicalAddress(const LogicalAddress & source) const
{
bool found = false;
std::list<LogicalAddress>::const_iterator it;
for (it = logicalAddresses.begin(); it != logicalAddresses.end(); it++) {
if(*it == source) {
found = true;
break;
}
}
return found;
}
void DriverImpl::poll(const LogicalAddress &from, const LogicalAddress &to)
throw (InvalidStateException, IOException, CECNoAckException)
{
uint8_t firstByte = (((from.toInt() & 0x0F) << 4) | (to.toInt() & 0x0F));
CCEC_LOG( LOG_DEBUG, "$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ POST POLL [%s] [%s]$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$\r\n", from.toString().c_str(), to.toString().c_str());
{
CECFrame frame;
frame.append(firstByte);
write(frame);
}
#if 0
{
/* Send a Poll so indicate there is a device present */
CECFrame *frame = new CECFrame();
frame->append(firstByte);
rQueue.offer(frame);
}
#endif
}
DriverImpl::IncomingQueue & DriverImpl::getIncomingQueue(int nativeHandle)
{
if (status != OPENED) {
throw InvalidStateException();
}
return rQueue;
}
CCEC_END_NAMESPACE
/** @} */
/** @} */
| 28,776 |
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1203481
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,015 |
Stack Exchange
|
Frank, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/225922, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/59738, user225922
|
English
|
Spoken
| 232 | 876 |
Showing something is increasing
I am working with this
$h(p)=( \int _0 ^1|f(x)|^pdx)^{1/p}$
where $1 \leq p < \infty$ and I am trying to show h is increasing.
Attempt
$\operatorname{sng}(|f|)=1$
so $(\int_0 ^1 \operatorname{sng}(|f|)^q)^{1/q}=1$ thus we can consider
$$((\int_0 ^1 \operatorname{sng}(|f|)^q)^{1/q}= \int _0 ^1|f(x)|^p \, dx)^{1/p} \geq \int_0 ^1 |f(x) \operatorname{sqn}(f)|=\|f\|_1 $$
Basically using the holders inequality does this look good?
Let $1 \leq p < q < \infty$. The function $a(x):= x^{q/p}$ defined on non-negative reals is convex (it has non-negative second derivative).
By Jensen's inequality,
$$ \left( \int_0^1 |f|^p dx \right)^{q/p}= a \left( \int_0^1 |f|^p dx \right) \leq \int_0^1 a(|f|^p)dx = \int_0^1 |f|^q dx.$$
Take $q$th roots to see that
$$h(p) \leq h(q)$$
as required.
Is this possible without Jensen's inequality because I have never learned and it is an oddity to me. Thanks your the response
It's a pleasure. It is well worth just learning Jensen's inequality (and it's proof, which is simple). It's very useful, and this is the way you will find this problem done in any book.
You make a good point, I think the intake here is to Learn a new tool. Thank you so much
In fact, you can use the Holder Inequality to prove:
$$\int_0^1|f(x)g(x)|dx\le\left(\int_0^1|f(x)|^\alpha dx\right)^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\left(\int_0^1|g(x)|^\beta dx\right)^{\frac{1}{\beta}}$$
where $\alpha,\beta>1$ satisfy $\frac{1}{\alpha}+\frac{1}{\beta}=1$.
For $p_1<p_2$, choose $\alpha=\frac{p_2}{p_1}$ and then
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\left(\int_0^1|f(x)|^{p_1}dx\right)^{\frac{1}{p_1}}\\
&\le&\left[\left(\int_0^1(|f(x)|^{p_1})^\alpha dx\right)^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\left(\int_0^11^\beta dx\right)^{\frac{1}{\beta}}\right]^{\frac{1}{p_1}}\\
&\le&\left[\int_0^1(|f(x)|^{p_1\alpha} dx\right]^{\frac{1}{\alpha p_1}}\\
&=&\left(\int_0^1|f(x)|^{p_2}dx\right)^{\frac{1}{p_2}}
\end{eqnarray}
Thus $\left(\int_0^1|f(x)|^{p}dx\right)^{\frac{1}{p}}$ is increasing for $p>1$.
| 33,006 |
https://github.com/gaydin/journey/blob/master/generated/admin/oas_response_encoders_gen.go
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,023 |
journey
|
gaydin
|
Go
|
Code
| 422 | 1,749 |
// Code generated by ogen, DO NOT EDIT.
package admin
import (
"net/http"
"github.com/go-faster/errors"
"github.com/go-faster/jx"
"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
"github.com/ogen-go/ogen/conv"
"github.com/ogen-go/ogen/uri"
)
func encodeAdminV1APIBlogGetResponse(response *Blog, w http.ResponseWriter, span trace.Span) error {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
w.WriteHeader(200)
span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, http.StatusText(200))
e := jx.GetEncoder()
response.Encode(e)
if _, err := e.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
return errors.Wrap(err, "write")
}
return nil
}
func encodeAdminV1APIBlogPatchResponse(response *AdminV1APIBlogPatchOK, w http.ResponseWriter, span trace.Span) error {
w.WriteHeader(200)
span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, http.StatusText(200))
return nil
}
func encodeAdminV1APIImageDeleteResponse(response *AdminV1APIImageDeleteOK, w http.ResponseWriter, span trace.Span) error {
w.WriteHeader(200)
span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, http.StatusText(200))
return nil
}
func encodeAdminV1APIImagesNumberGetResponse(response *AdminV1APIImagesNumberGetOK, w http.ResponseWriter, span trace.Span) error {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
w.WriteHeader(200)
span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, http.StatusText(200))
e := jx.GetEncoder()
response.Encode(e)
if _, err := e.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
return errors.Wrap(err, "write")
}
return nil
}
func encodeAdminV1APIPostPatchResponse(response *AdminV1APIPostPatchOK, w http.ResponseWriter, span trace.Span) error {
w.WriteHeader(200)
span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, http.StatusText(200))
return nil
}
func encodeAdminV1APIPostPostResponse(response *AdminV1APIPostPostOK, w http.ResponseWriter, span trace.Span) error {
w.WriteHeader(200)
span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, http.StatusText(200))
return nil
}
func encodeAdminV1APIPostPostIdDeleteResponse(response *AdminV1APIPostPostIdDeleteOK, w http.ResponseWriter, span trace.Span) error {
w.WriteHeader(200)
span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, http.StatusText(200))
return nil
}
func encodeAdminV1APIPostPostIdGetResponse(response *Post, w http.ResponseWriter, span trace.Span) error {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
w.WriteHeader(200)
span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, http.StatusText(200))
e := jx.GetEncoder()
response.Encode(e)
if _, err := e.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
return errors.Wrap(err, "write")
}
return nil
}
func encodeAdminV1APIPostsNumberGetResponse(response []Post, w http.ResponseWriter, span trace.Span) error {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
w.WriteHeader(200)
span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, http.StatusText(200))
e := jx.GetEncoder()
e.ArrStart()
for _, elem := range response {
elem.Encode(e)
}
e.ArrEnd()
if _, err := e.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
return errors.Wrap(err, "write")
}
return nil
}
func encodeAdminV1APIUploadPostResponse(response []string, w http.ResponseWriter, span trace.Span) error {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
w.WriteHeader(200)
span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, http.StatusText(200))
e := jx.GetEncoder()
e.ArrStart()
for _, elem := range response {
e.Str(elem)
}
e.ArrEnd()
if _, err := e.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
return errors.Wrap(err, "write")
}
return nil
}
func encodeAdminV1APIUserIDGetResponse(response *User, w http.ResponseWriter, span trace.Span) error {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
w.WriteHeader(200)
span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, http.StatusText(200))
e := jx.GetEncoder()
response.Encode(e)
if _, err := e.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
return errors.Wrap(err, "write")
}
return nil
}
func encodeAdminV1APIUserPatchResponse(response *AdminV1APIUserPatchOK, w http.ResponseWriter, span trace.Span) error {
// Encoding response headers.
{
h := uri.NewHeaderEncoder(w.Header())
// Encode "Set-Cookie" header.
{
cfg := uri.HeaderParameterEncodingConfig{
Name: "Set-Cookie",
Explode: false,
}
if err := h.EncodeParam(cfg, func(e uri.Encoder) error {
if val, ok := response.SetCookie.Get(); ok {
return e.EncodeValue(conv.StringToString(val))
}
return nil
}); err != nil {
return errors.Wrap(err, "encode Set-Cookie header")
}
}
}
w.WriteHeader(200)
span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, http.StatusText(200))
return nil
}
func encodeAdminV1APIUseridGetResponse(response *AdminV1APIUseridGetOK, w http.ResponseWriter, span trace.Span) error {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
w.WriteHeader(200)
span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, http.StatusText(200))
e := jx.GetEncoder()
response.Encode(e)
if _, err := e.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
return errors.Wrap(err, "write")
}
return nil
}
| 35,362 |
https://github.com/yeffasol/unicorn/blob/master/gulpfile.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
unicorn
|
yeffasol
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 394 | 1,812 |
const gulp = require('gulp');
sync = require('browser-sync').create(),
del = require('del'),
runSequence = require('run-sequence'),
gulpIf = require('gulp-if'),
fileInclude = require('gulp-file-include'),
htmlmin = require('gulp-htmlmin'),
uglify = require('gulp-uglify'),
gutil = require('gulp-util'),
sourcemaps = require('gulp-sourcemaps'),
plumber = require('gulp-plumber'),
sass = require('gulp-sass'),
postcss = require('gulp-postcss'),
cssnano = require('gulp-cssnano'),
csscomb = require('gulp-csscomb'),
svgmin = require('gulp-svgmin'),
svgstore = require('gulp-svgstore'),
favicons = require("gulp-favicons"),
imagemin = require('gulp-imagemin'),
jpegtran = require('imagemin-jpegtran'),
optipng = require('imagemin-optipng'),
svgo = require('imagemin-svgo'),
pngquant = require('imagemin-pngquant'),
imageminJpegRecompress = require('imagemin-jpeg-recompress'),
path = require('path');
let processors = [
require('autoprefixer')(),
require('postcss-easysprites')({
imagePath: './src/images/',
spritePath: './src/images'
}),
require('postcss-flexibility'),//для поддержки flexbox в ie 8 & 9
require('postcss-line-height-px-to-unitless')(), //line-height из px в число
require('postcss-inline-svg')(), //вставка svg в css
require('postcss-filter-gradient'),//поддержка градиентов ниже ie9
require("postcss-color-rgba-fallback"),//добавляет цвет если нет поддержки прозрачности
require('postcss-rgb-plz'),//конвертирует hex в rgb
require('postcss-object-fit-images'),
require('postcss-assets')({
loadPaths: ['src/images/base64']
}),
require('css-mqpacker')({
sort: true
})
],
assets = [
'src/fonts{,/**}',
'src/libraries{,/**}',
'!src/html{,/**}',
'!src/styles{,/**}',
'!src/js/script.js',
],
NODE_ENV = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development';
gulp.task('copy', () => {
return gulp.src(assets)
.pipe(gulp.dest('./dest'))
});
gulp.task('html', () => {
return gulp.src('src/html/pages/*.html')
.pipe(fileInclude({
prefix: '@@',
basepath: '@file'
}))
.pipe(gulpIf(NODE_ENV === 'production',
htmlmin({collapseWhitespace: true})
))
.pipe(gulp.dest('dest'))
.pipe(sync.stream());
});
gulp.task('styles', () => {
return gulp.src('src/styles/style.scss')
.pipe(gulpIf(NODE_ENV === 'development',
sourcemaps.init()
))
.pipe(plumber({
errorHandler: function (error) {
gutil.log('Error: ' + error.message);
this.emit('end');
}
}))
.pipe(sass())
.pipe(postcss(processors))
.pipe(csscomb())
.pipe(gulpIf(NODE_ENV === 'development',
sourcemaps.write()
))
.pipe(gulpIf(NODE_ENV === 'production',
cssnano()
))
.pipe(gulp.dest('dest/styles'))
.pipe(sync.stream());
});
gulp.task('images', () => {
return gulp.src('src/images/*.+(jpg|JPG|png|svg)')
.pipe(imagemin({
svgo: {
removeViewBox: true
},
optipng: {
optimizationLevel: 5
},
jpegtran: {
progressive: true,
},
imageminJpegRecompress: ({
loops: 5,
min: 65,
max: 70,
quality: 'medium'
}),
pngquant: [{
quality: '65-70', speed: 5
}],
verbose: true
}))
.pipe(gulp.dest('dest/images'))
});
gulp.task('svg', () => {
return gulp.src('src/images/svg/*.svg')
.pipe(svgmin(function (file) {
let prefix = path.basename(file.relative, path.extname(file.relative));
return {
plugins: [{
cleanupIDs: {
prefix: prefix + '-',
minify: true
}
}]
};
}))
.pipe(svgstore())
.pipe(gulp.dest('src/images'))
});
gulp.task('server', () => {
sync.init({
notify: false,
open: false,
server: {
baseDir: 'dest'
}
});
});
gulp.task('watch', () => {
gulp.watch('src/html/**/*.html', ['html']);
gulp.watch('src/**/*.scss', ['styles']);
gulp.watch(assets, ['copy']);
});
gulp.task('clean', () => {
return del('dest/**/*');
});
gulp.task("favicons", function () {
return gulp.src("src/images/logo.png").pipe(favicons({
appName: "My App",
appDescription: "This is my application",
developerName: "Marat Shaymardanov",
developerURL: "http://tatarchap.p-host.in/",
background: "#020307",
path: "favicons/",
url: "http://haydenbleasel.com/",
display: "standalone",
orientation: "portrait",
start_url: "/?homescreen=1",
version: 1.0,
logging: false,
online: false,
html: "index.html",
pipeHTML: true,
replace: true
}))
.on("error", gutil.log)
.pipe(gulp.dest("dest/favicons"));
});
gulp.task('build', () => {
runSequence('clean', ['copy', 'images', 'styles', 'favicons'], 'html');
});
gulp.task('default', () => {
runSequence(['copy', 'images', 'styles'], 'html', 'server', 'watch');
});
| 34,898 |
W3207910695.txt_1
|
Open-Science-Pile
|
Open Science
|
Various open science
| 2,021 |
Sectional matrix system in reconstruction of proximal contact in class ii resin restoration
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 3,099 | 5,972 |
Original article
SECTIONAL MATRIX SYSTEM IN RECONSTRUCTION OF PROXIMAL
CONTACT IN CLASS II RESIN RESTORATION
N Nahar1*, AKM Bashar2, MA Gafur3, D H Jeorge4
AFFILIATION:
ABSTRACT:
1.
Dr. Norun Nahar
MS Resident (Phase-B)
Dept. of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU)
2.
Dr. A.K.M. Bashar
Associate Professor Dept. of Conservative Dentistry &
Endodontics,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU)
3.
Md. Abdul Gafur
Principle Scientific Officer
Pilot Plant and Process Development Centre,
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR)
4.
Dr. Didarul Haque Jeorge
Project Research Physician, ICDDRB
Article info.
Received: 03 July 2021
Accepted: 01 September 2021
Volume: Vol-11, Issue-2, October 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v11i2.56072
© Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first
publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative
Commons Attribution License CC - BY 4.0 that allows others to share
the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial
publication in this journal.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Publisher: Update Dental College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Web: www.updatedentalcollege.edu.bd
E-mail: updcj@hotmail.com
Scan QR code to see the latest issue
* Corresponding Author
Dr. Norun Nahar
MS Resident (Phase-B)
Dept. of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU)
Email: drnnahar01@gmail.com
Cell: 01675224618
Background: Clinicians always faces some challenges to reconstruct proper
proximal contact while restoring class-II cavity with composite resin due to its
viscosity, elastic property and polymerization shrinkage. It has been claimed
that use of sectional pre-contoured matrix band with separation ring will
produce more reliable result for reconstruction of optimal proximal contact in
class II composite resin restoration.
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of sectional pre-contoured matrix band with
separation ring for reconstruction of optimal proximal contact in class II resin
composite restoration. Methodology: One Nissin manikin model having the
facility of placing and screwing all upper and lower sets of artificial human
teeth and sixty-two (62) artificial human mandibular permanent 1st molar
teeth were collected. These 62 artificial human mandibular permanent 1st
molars were randomly assigned in two groups (A & B) having 31 teeth in each.
Standardized class II MO (mesio-occlusal) cavity were prepared on total 31
artificial 1st molar in group A. The 2nd premolar in the manikin model was
replaced by metal cast duplicate and permanently fixed into the socket. All the
Thirty-one (31) 1st molar teeth in group A, having Prepared class II cavity in
each, were replaced one by another in the manikin distal to cast duplicated 2nd
premolar and restored with composite resin by using sectional pre-contoured
matrix band with separation ring and another 31 uninstrumented intact
artificial 1st molars were include in group B as a reference group. After
completion of restoration, newly developed proximal contact points were
measured by using universal testing machine one after another. Same were
also done in intact reference Group B. Measurement was done to assess the
position of contact point, contact tightness and contact area of Group A and
Group B on the same typodont. The results were analyzed statistically with
post hoc Bonferroni test (P<0.05). Result: Teeth restored with sectional precontoured matrix with separation ring (group A) provided the tighter contact
and broadened area of contact where all the contact points were placed more
occlusally compared to that of the intact un-instrumented reference teeth
(group B).Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were produced in all the
three parameters with each other. Conclusion: Teeth restored with sectional
pre-contoured matrix band with separation ring failed to reconstruct the
optimal proximal contact in class-II composite resin restoration in comparison
to intact uninstrumented reference tooth.
KEYWORDS: Sectional matrix band, Proximal contact, Class II cavity, Resin
restoration.
INTRODUCTION
Reconstruction of the intact interproximal surface particularly
proper interproximal contact area is difficult by the clinician
during restoration of class II cavity with composite resin due to
its viscoelastic property1,2,3 and polymerization shrinkage4,5.
Two important factors are associated with establishment of
the proximal surface these are proximal contact tightness and
proximal contours. Different types of measures have already
been taken for composite resin placement to maintain the
anatomy of proximal contact area, special instrument such as
variety of matrix systems, wedges and separation rings have
been used to achieve the optimum proximal contour. The precontoured sectional matrix system is an excellent choice for
class II composite restoration. Sectional pre-contoured matrix
band with separation ring has been claimed to produce the
superior proximal contour and tight proximal contact6,7.
Proper reconstitution of this surface is largely depends on the
shape of the matrix band and its accuracy of its placement. This
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Update Dental College Journal (UpDCJ) : ISSN 2226-8715 eISSN 2307-3160,
E-mail: updcj@hotmail.com; Website: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UpDCJ
Update Dental College Journal (UpDCJ): Vol- 11, Issue-2 Oct. 2021
matrix band is anatomically correct, properly contoured
concave inner surface according to the tooth anatomy which
allow restoration of interproximal anatomy. Sectional matrix
band are designed not only with gingival contour but also with
marginal ridge contour as well, which when placed at the
appropriate height inter-proximally, it shapes the occlusal
embrasure. This matrix has a hole tab extension which allow
easy placement with pin tweezer and also has lateral holes to
facilitate easy removal after restoration.
Some in vivo8,9,10 and in vitro11,12,13 study reported the
effectiveness of this matrices to the reconstruction of contact
tightness. Use of separation ring in combination of sectional
matrix has been shown to achieve good contact tightness due
to interdental separation of the ring applies during restoration
and compensate the matrix thickness and material properties
and the key factor for producing the tight proximal contact is
obtaining the interdental separation during placement of
restoration.
However commercial matrices are continuously developed for
gaining the good proximal contact but no solid scientific
evidence to support their claims. Therefore, the goal of the
study was to assess the efficacy of pre-contoured sectional
matrix band in combination with separation ring for
reconstructing the optimal proximal contact in class II resin
composite restoration.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This in vitro study was carried out in the department of
Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bangabandhu Sheikh
Mujib Medical University and Pilot Plant and Process
Development Center, BCSIR. Considering all inclusion and
exclusion criteria, sixty two (62) artificial mandibular right
sided permanent 1st molar teeth (#46) and one Nissin manikin
model (typodont) (Nissin, KYOTO, JAPAN) having the facility of
placing and screwing all upper and lower sets of artificial
human teeth were collected. A removable metallic cast guide
(Fig-1A) was prepared to standardized preparation of the class
II cavity. The right sided mandibular second premolar (#45)
within this typodont was replaced by metal cast (Co-Cr)
duplicate (Fig-1B) of the same; which was remain fixed into the
corresponding socket of the typodont throughout the study.
PREPARATION OF CLASS II CAVITY:
A standardized MO (mesio-occlusal) class II cavity by
maintaining unique shape and dimension, was prepared in
thirty one (31) of the right sided artificial mandibular 1st molar
teeth (#46) from the collected sample by using diamond
straight fissured burs (Mani, ISO 111/016, SF-13) in a highspeed hand piece (speed 180,000 rpm) with appropriate
marking (on the individual bur by permanent marker according
to the measurement ). The measurement of the proximal box
of the prepared cavities were 1.5 mm mesio-distally, 4 mm
occluso-gingivally and 4 mm bucco-lingually and the occlusall
part of the prepared cavities were extended 2.5 mm mesio-
17| P a g e
Dr. Norun Nahar et al.
distally, 2 mm occluso-pulpally and 2 mm bucco-lingually. After
cavity preparation each of the thirty one (31) tooth was
inserted and screwed into the corresponding socket of manikin
model one after another in order to be filled with composite
resin by using sectional pre-contoured matrix band with
separation ring (palodont®V3, Dentsply chaulk, USA), thus
were included in group A; rest of the uninstrumented intact
thirty one (31) artificial right sided mandibular 1st molar (#46)
were considered as a control reference group B.
MATRIX BAND PLACEMENT
A pre-contoured sectional matrix band was selected and
grasped with pin tweezer and placed to the space to be
restored between the prepared class II cavity at the mesial
surface of mandibular right sided 1st molar and distal surface
of the 2nd premolar. Then gingival margin was closed by
anatomic plastic wedge and separation ring was placed
interproximally over the anatomic wedge (Fig-C)
RESTORING (FILLING) THE PREPARED CAVITY:
Packable type posterior composite resin restoration (G C Solar
Sculpt, India) was used to fill the prepared cavity in lower right
1st molar. The resin composite was inserted into the cavity in
three increments. Each increment was cured from the occlusal
side for 20 seconds with an LED light-curing unit (Coltolux LED,
Coltene,USA). Finally after removal of the matrix and wedge,
the restoration was receive additional 20 seconds curing both
from the buccal and lingual sides of the proximal box.
After completion of restoration process in each of the thirty
one (31) mandibular right sided 1st molar teeth in group A and
in each thirty one (31) intact uninstrumented reference teeth
in group B was placed into the manikin typodont one after
another. Contact area in cast duplicated 2nd premolar and
restored 1st molar were tested by using universal testing
machine (Tinius Olsen, Hounsfield-H10ks, 500N sensor, UK)
which was calibrated before use. A custom-made setup that
was used allowed the forces were applied vertically on the
interdental area of interest. A piece of 0.3 mm orthodontic
wire was inserted under the contact area in a bucco-lingual
direction. The wire was placed on a custom-made retainer
intended to fit on the other end of the tension meter; it helped
to hold down the wire at a horizontal direction throughout the
movement. The wire was raised at a speed of 5 mm/min in
occlusal direction and the resistance force was enrolled during
the movement (Fig-4). The maximum force (Fmax) was enrolled,
which was expressed the contact tightness (CT). The length of
the contact arc (LCA), was calculated as the distance in the Xaxis between the first force recording and the wire release
position which represented the proximal contact area.
Percentage (%) ratio of the location of the maximum force
(Fmax) in the X-axis and the LCA, which represent the location
Website: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UpDCJ
Update Dental College Journal (UpDCJ): Vol- 11, Issue-2 Oct. 2021
of the contact point. The obtained data was recorded in predeveloped data sheet. The values were subjected to statistical
analysis by post hoc Bonferroni test to define the difference
between groups (P<0.05).
RESULTS:
The sectional pre-contoured matrix system when used to
restore the prepared class II cavities (group A) in the artificial
simulated human mandibular molar teeth (typodont);
presented statistically significant tighter contact (Table-I) than
the intact un-instrumented reference teeth in the typodont.
In respect of the proximal contact area, A statistically
significant broadened (Table-I) contact area were found than
the intact uninstrumented reference teeth when precontoured sectional matrix system were used to reconstruct
the prepared class II cavity but failed to produce the optimal
contact area that is (1.5-2mm).
While considering the position of the contact point, Teeth
restored with sectional pre-contoured matrix band were
placed more occlusally (Table-I) but the optimal contact were
at the middle third of the crown as seen in the intact
uninstrumented reference group.
Table I: Comparison of Contact tightness (CT), Length of
contact arc (LCA) and % ratio of the position of the maximum
force between two groups.
Variables
Values(Mean ± SD)Range
Group A (n=31)
Group B (n=31)
P value
CT(N)
26.04±9.53
(5.70-53.30)
<0.001*
LCA(mm)
3.08±1.18
(0.586–5.30)
10.77±2.42
(6.87-17.60)
1.69±1.44
(0.718-9.03)
<0.001*
PCP (%)
2.41±1.19
1.11±0.46
<0.001*
(0.080-4.763)
(0.432-2.656)
Post hoc (Bonferroni test) were done to measure the level of significance
between groups. Data were expressed as Mean±SD. p-value ≤ 0.05 is
considered statistically significant.
Table I shows sectional matrix system provided the
significantly tighter proximal contact, broadened area of
contact and contact point was placed more occlusally
compared to that of the intact uninstrumented reference
group. Position of contact point (PCP) is calculated from the
percentage ratio of the position of maximum force and the
LCA. Higher the PCP value than optimal indicate more
occlusally the contact point is placed conversely lower the PCP
value more cervically the contact point is placed.
Figure 1: A) Metallic cast guide B) Metal cast of duplication mandibular 2nd
premolar C)Matrix band placed on the interproximal area between distal
surface of mandibular 2nd premolar and mesial surface of 1st molar on the
typodont D)Measurement procedure on Universal testing machine.
18| P a g e
Dr. Norun Nahar et al.
DISCUSSION:
Proximal contact is the physiodynamic entity which is greatly
influenced by tooth type, tooth location, postural change and
restorative procedure18.A significant variation in contact
tightness was seen both intra and inter individually and
optimal value of contact tightness is still not established9,10,18.
Abrams et al.19 found that tight contact hampers the passing
dental floss where loose contact lead to food impaction,
carious lesion. Whereas a six months clinical studies showed
that changes of contact tightness after restoration will not
remain stable overtime9
Loomans et al.16 concluded that proximal contact tightness in
restored teeth should be comparable to the situation before
treatment. Loomans et al.16 also showed in another study,
tighter proximal contact give most satisfactory clinical result.
So in this study when we compared proximal contact tightness
produced by sectional matrix with intact uninstrumented
reference teeth, sectional precontoured matrix band with
separation ring presented the tighter proximal contact from
the intact uninstrumented reference control teeth which
previously confirmed by Kampouropoulos at el. 14 who also
observed the tightest contact than intact uninstrumented
reference teeth & other matrix system. Saber at el. 15found that
sectional precontoured matrix band with separation ring
provided the highest contact tightness than the other matrix
system.
The use of separation ring with sectional matrix produce
important significant factor for gaining the superior proximal
contact tightness. Saber et al.15 showed that interdental
separation is found to proportional to the proximal contact
tightness. Along with the proximal contact tightness,
reconstruction of the anatomically correct proximal contour is
essential prerequisite for successful restoration. Contour is
determined by combined value of contact area and position of
contact point.
When we measured the proximal contact area, sectional
precontoured matrix band with separation ring provided the
significantly broadened contact area than the intact
uninstrumented control group and fail to produce the optimal
contact area. This finding was found by Kampouropoulos et
al.14 where sectional matrix band produced broadened contact
area than the other matrix system and intact uninstrumented
teeth. Broadened contact area indicates the over contoured
surface.
Whether tighter proximal contact and broadened contact area
after restoration in class II cavity than the intact tooth is still
now controversial though K. Phillips et al.17 concluded creating
contact tightness and contact area similar to its natural
adjacent and contralateral intact tooth is justified.
Considering the position of the contact point teeth restored
with sectional matrix placed more occlusally than the intact
uninstrumented teeth and fail to produce optimal position of
Website: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UpDCJ
Update Dental College Journal (UpDCJ): Vol- 11, Issue-2 Oct. 2021
the contact point is in the middle third of the crown which was
produced by the intact uninstrumented control teeth.
Kampouropoulous et al.14 also observed that sectional matrix
band fail to produce the optimal contact location like
reference teeth.
CONCLUSION:
Sectional precontoured matrix band with separation ring failed
to produce the acceptable proximal contact in class II
composite resin restoration in comparison to intact
uninstrumented reference tooth
Dr. Norun Nahar et al.
9.
10.
11.
Citation:
Norun Nahar, A.K.M. Bashar, Md. Abdul Gafur, & Didarul Haque
Jeorge. Sectional matrix system in reconstruction of proximal
contact in class ii resin restoration . Update Dental College
Journal, 11(2), 16–19. https://doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v11i2.56072
12.
13.
REFERENCES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Lee IB, Son HH, Um CM. Rheologic properties of flowable, conventional
hybrid, and condensable composite resins. Dent Mater. 2003
Jun;19(4):298-307.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0109-5641(02)00058-1
Lee IB, Cho BH, Son HH, Um CM. Rheological characterization of
composites using a vertical oscillation rheometer. Dent Mater. 2007
Apr;23(4):425-32.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2006.02.013
PMid:16566997
Rüttermann S, Krüger S, Raab WH, Janda R. Polymerization shrinkage and
hygroscopic expansion of contemporary posterior resin-based filling
materials--a comparative study. J Dent. 2007 Oct;35(10):806-13.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2007.07.014
PMid:17826883
Braga RR, Ballester RY, Ferracane JL. Factors involved in the development
of polymerization shrinkage stress in resin-composites: a systematic
review.
Dent
Mater.
2005
Oct;21(10):962-70
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2005.04.018
PMid:16085301
Demarco FF, Cenci MS, Lima FG, Donassollo TA, André Dde A, Leida FL.
Class II composite restorations with metallic and translucent matrices: 2year follow-up findings. J Dent. 2007 Mar;35(3):231-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2006.07.011
PMid:17034926
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Loomans BA, Opdam NJ, Roeters FJ, Bronkhorst EM, Burgersdijk RC,
Dörfer CE. A randomized clinical trial on proximal contacts of posterior
composites.
J
Dent.
2006
Apr;34(4):292-7..
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2005.07.008
PMid:16157438
Loomans BA, Opdam NJ, Roeters FJ, Bronkhorst EM, Burgersdijk RC,
Dörfer CE. A randomized clinical trial on proximal contacts of posterior
composites.
J
Dent.
2006
Apr;34(4):292-7.
doi:
10.1016/j.jdent.2005.07.008. Epub 2005 Sep 12. PMID: 16157438.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2005.07.008
PMid:16157438
Cenci MS, Lund RG, Pereira CL, de Carvalho RM, Demarco FF. In vivo and
in vitro evaluation of Class II composite resin restorations with different
matrix systems. The Journal of Adhesive Dentistry. 2006 Apr;8(2):127132.
Loomans BA, Opdam NJ, Roeters FJ, Bronkhorst EM, Plasschaert AJ. The
long-term effect of a composite resin restoration on proximal contact
tightness.
J
Dent.
2007
Feb;35(2):104-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2006.05.004
PMid:16904254
Kampouropoulos D, Paximada C, Loukidis M, Kakaboura A. The influence
of matrix type on the proximal contact in Class II resin composite
restorations.
Oper
Dent.
2010
Jul-Aug;35(4):454-62.
https://doi.org/10.2341/09-272-L
PMid:20672731
Saber MH, Loomans BA, El Zohairy A, Dörfer CE, El-Badrawy W.
Evaluation of proximal contact tightness of Class II resin composite
restorations.
Oper
Dent.
2010
Jan-Feb;35(1):37-43
https://doi.org/10.2341/09-037L
PMid:20166409
Loomans BA, Opdam NJ, Roeters FJ, Bronkhorst EM, Burgersdijk RC.
Comparison of proximal contacts of Class II resin composite restorations
in
vitro.
Oper
Dent.
2006
Nov-Dec;31(6):688-93.
https://doi.org/10.2341/05-133
PMid:17153978
Phillips K, Kois JC. Aesthetic peri-implant site development. The
restorative connection. Dent Clin North Am. 1998 Jan;42(1):57-70. PMID:
9421670
Dörfer CE, von Bethlenfalvy ER, Staehle HJ, Pioch T. Factors influencing
proximal dental contact strengths. Eur J Oral Sci. 2000 Oct;108(5):36877.
https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0722.2000.108005368.x
PMid:11037752
Abrams H, Kopczyk R. Gingival Sequela from a Retained Piece of Dental
Floss. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1983;106(1):5758.
https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1983.0030
PMid:6574168
Loomans BA, Roeters FJ, Opdam NJ, Kuijs RH. The effect of proximal
contour on marginal ridge fracture of Class II composite resin
restorations.
J
Dent.
2008
Oct;36(10):828-32.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2008.06.001
PMid:18621458
Peumans M, Van Meerbeek B, Asscherickx K, Simon S, Abe Y, Lambrechts
P, Vanherle G. Do condensable composites help to achieve better
proximal contacts? Dent Mater. 2001 Nov;17(6):533-41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0109-5641(01)00015-X
PMID: 11567692.
Loomans BA, Opdam NJ, Bronkhorst EM, Roeters FJ, Dörfer CE. A clinical
study on interdental separation techniques. Oper Dent. 2007 MayJun;32(3):207-11.
https://doi.org/10.2341/06-73
PMid:17555170
19| P a g e
Website: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UpDCJ.
| 28,516 |
https://github.com/Moffein/RiskyMod/blob/master/RiskyMod/Survivors/Bandit2/Components/SpecialDamageController.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
RiskyMod
|
Moffein
|
C#
|
Code
| 93 | 361 |
using RoR2;
using RoR2.Skills;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Networking;
namespace RiskyMod.Survivors.Bandit2.Components
{
public class SpecialDamageController : NetworkBehaviour
{
SkillLocator sk;
CharacterBody cb;
GenericSkill passiveSkillSlot;
public void Awake()
{
sk = base.GetComponent<SkillLocator>();
if (!sk)
{
Destroy(this);
}
else
{
cb = base.GetComponent<CharacterBody>();
if (!cb)
{
Destroy(this);
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < sk.allSkills.Length; i++)
{
if (sk.allSkills[i].skillFamily.variants[0].skillDef == Bandit2.Skills.Gunslinger)
{
passiveSkillSlot = sk.allSkills[i];
break;
}
}
}
}
}
public SkillDef GetPassiveSkillDef()
{
return passiveSkillSlot.skillDef;
}
[ClientRpc]
public void RpcResetSpecial()
{
if (base.hasAuthority && sk)
{
sk.special.Reset();
}
}
}
}
| 30,079 |
https://github.com/mac008008/LocalSearch/blob/master/LocalSearch/LocalSearchViewController.h
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,014 |
LocalSearch
|
mac008008
|
Objective-C
|
Code
| 57 | 201 |
//
// LocalSearchViewController.h
// LocalSearch
//
// Copyright (c) 2014 Newton Japan. All rights reserved.
//
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
@interface LocalSearchViewController : UIViewController <UISearchBarDelegate, UITableViewDelegate, UITableViewDataSource, MKMapViewDelegate>
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UISearchBar *searchBar;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet MKMapView *mapView;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITableView *tableView;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *routeInfoLabel; // 追加
- (void)closeNaviPage;
@end
| 773 |
sn86076216_1918-11-30_1_7_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 2,988 | 4,133 |
Don't trifle with a cold—it's dangerous. You can't afford to risk Influenza. Keep always at hand a box of CASCARA QUININE, Standard cold remedy for 30 years—in tablet form, no opiates—breaks up a cold in 3 days. Money if it fails. The genuine box has a Red top with Mr. Hill's picture. At All Drug Stores. Economy in Every Cake. There are three sets of twins, two of boys and the other of girls in the first grade of the Queen (N.H.) school. proven swamp swamp. AIDS WEAK KIDNEYS. The symptoms of kidney and bladder troubles are often very distressing and leave the system in a run-down condition. The kidneys seem to suffer most, as almost every victim complains of urine back and urinary troubles which should not be neglected, as these danger signals often lead to more dangerous kidney troubles. Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root which, so many people say, soon heals and strengthens the kidneys, is a splendid kidney, liver and bladder medicine, and, being an herbal compound, has a gentle healing effect on the kidneys, which it almost immediately noticed in most cases by those who use it. A trial will convince anyone who may be in need of it. Better get a bottle from your nearest drug store, and start treatment at once. However, if you wish first to test this great preparation, send ten cents to Dr. Kilmer & Co., Binghamton, N.Y., for a bottle. Sample bottle. When writing be sure and mention this paper.—Adv. Yank Had Honored Guest. * The proudest Yank in the whole ad vancing tinny wits one who hud hud un empty truck going forward. On bis way up he begun picking up refugees along the roml, old men, women, chil dren. crudles. baskets. But the proud est moment of Ida trip came when he saw a little girl not over four years old, sitting by the side of a road with a wee doll in tier anus. The Yank stopjied the Jnick, Jumited down and gave the pair, baity and doll, the seat of honor at Ills left. And from that |sdnt on he watched h's charge ns care fully as he did the jammed and crowd ed roud ahead.—Stars and Strlp«*s. « »»•*■ " - It Worked. “What I don't understand Is this.'' said Mr. J a gaby, as he reached home In the wee Mila' hours. “I told Sam at the poker club to tell you I was not there and he said. “Boss, de.v ain’t no use tryln’ to fmd de missus, 'cause she done got de goods on you.' ” “Oh, that’s easily explained,” an swered Mrs. Jagsb.v. “When he started to say you were not there I told him you were sitting right in front of the telephone and I could see you.—Birm ingham Age-Herald. Wireless messages from the Brook lyn navy yartf picked up by balloon crews at Arcadia, Cal. Time and tide wait for nn man—and a woman is always behind time. Thousands of under nourished people have found that G peHuts fbo<y—- - a scientific blend of nour ishing cereals -helps wonderfully in building health ana happiness. Needs no Sugar CHRISTMAS THEN AND NOW In the Old Days Otfts Were Tokens of IrOve, In Keeping With the Day Celebrated. What a vast difference there is in the Christmas of today, from the Christmas of our forefathers. In those days, there was not the hurry scurry shopping, and costly, somewhat useless gifts given with the thought that the receiver might give a finer one in return; The gifts given in those days were gifts of love, wholly in keeping with the day celebrated, says a correspondent in an exchange. For many weeks and months did mother spin, color and wind the yarn, and knit on wooden needles or a bone hook the warm neck scarf or mittens for her loved one, every stitch bearing a message of love. And then as the time drew near how savory the kitchen smelled every time one entered, but, of course, nothing was visible for mother or aunt or grandmother had safely hidden away the tender gingerbread and spice cakes, and the brittle molasses taffy, platters of butterscotch and other candy rinds in nut meats. What happy times when the stockings of all sizes, and almost all colors, were hung on the mantel shelf above the wide fireplace, where old Santa had no trouble at all to come down and deposit the numerous things from his pack in the dangling stockings. Everyone was remembered with some sort of a gift, none were forgotten, and I feel sure the home-made goodies were devoured with as much relish and with less after effects, as the store goodies of today. There were no coal tar dyes in the Christmas candy grandmother made. Then when the storm was hooked to the farm sled, with the farm wagon bed on it partly filled with straw and bed covers, what a fine ride to church over the shining snow, to hear a real Scripture sermon about the birth of our Savior, on earth peace, good will to men. The night that erst no name, had worn, To it a happy name is given, For in that stable lay, new born, The peaceful prince of earth and heaven, Alfred Dommett. Christmas Comes Again, come, glory night! Come, spirit light! Come, joy, thy sweet belle ringing! Behold! His star is shining bright; The angel choir is singing. But near—too near, the cannon’s roar, The shield and saber's rattle; The Christmas anthems sound no more. Across—the field of battle. Christmas spirit! Calm our fears, Close down in pity stooping. Alas! Thine eyes are filled with tears. Thy radiant wings are drooping. The happy bells, the joyous bells That set the echoes rolling Through silent streets and frosty dells, Are slowly, sadly tolling. Come, glory night! Come, spirit light! Come, joy, thy mute bells ringing! Through clouds the star is shining bright; Far off the choir is singing. Clara E. Putnam, in Oklahoma Farmer. ANIMALS ARE NOT FORGOTTEN Birds and Beasts Share In the Christmas Cheer in the Scandinavian Countries. The Christmas customs in Norway and Sweden are the most interesting of any country. It is a time of great rejoicing. To show that there are amicable feelings between everyone in the household, the shoes are placed in a row at night in the hall when retiring on Christmas eve, and, like the German custom, candles are left burning in the village windows all night to light the way for “Kristine,” who brings the gifts. The Christmas tree is largely decorated with candles and pretty cakes arranged in bright-colored baskets—all usually homemade. The richer households, send good things to the poor, and everywhere among both rich and poor are the animals and birds remembered. The boys and girls save up their pennies during the year for this purpose. Sheaves of grain are fastened to the window edges in town, and in the country the sheaves are fastened to long poles and renewed every day for a week, and many are the birds that spy this feast. On the barn floors of the peasants howls of hot porridge are set for poor “Robin Goodfellow” to comfort him because he has no "soul.” The cows and the horses share in the general happiness by having a double share of food given them. Be Joyful. Radiate as much of the Christmas spirit as possible. Safety First Don't allow children to touch the lighted tree. Don't remove presents from the tree while it is lighted. Don't leave anything highly inflammable near the tree. Don't set the tree up haphazardly. Be sure it is securely fastened so it will not tip over easily. Don't blow a candle out. The flame might be carried against a dry branch and set fire to the whole tree. Don't fasten any tinsel ornament near any lights on the tree. If one should ignite the blaze would spread all over the tree. Don't forget to fasten the candles securely to the tree if candles are used. Also avoid placing them under another branch. Always have a wet sponge convenient to the tree. A candle often burns up too quickly, and the sponge could be used to extinguish it. Don't leave the tree until you are sure the lights are all extinguished, and never trust the work of extinguishing the lights to children. Don't light the tree after it has stood in a warm room for three or four days. It becomes so dry it will burn almost as quickly as powder. Don't trim the tree with cotton to represent snow. Use an asbestos preparation which looks like cotton. This applies particularly to those who illuminate their trees with candles. Don't light the trees with anything but electric bulbs, if possible. Where it is impossible to use electricity, never leave the lighted tree alone and never allow children in the room unless accompanied by a grown-up person. Don't set the tree up near upholstered furniture. The danger of sparks setting it alive is great. A piece of such furniture might smolder for hours without being discovered—probably not until the family has been in bed some time. VALUE IS ONLY SENTIMENTAL Mistletoe One of Most Greatly Admired of Evergreen Plants But Is Practically Worthless. Perhaps none of our evergreen plants is more loved and admired than the mistletoe, with its modest yellowish-green leaves and its clusters of small white berries. For centuries it has been considered an important feature of the Christmus decoration. Yet, in regard to the real value of the plant, the mistletoe is practically worthless. It is a small shrub comprising more than four hundred known species, mostly tropical and parasitic. In the eastern and southern parts of the United States the common mistletoe grows on various species of deciduous trees. In Europe, it seems to prefer the apple-tree to any other host. It sends its roots through the bark of the tree and draws sustenance from the sap. However, it is only a partial parasite, for it has green leaves which enable it to work in making food for itself. In some species of mistletoe the flowers are showy, while those of other species are more modest. The pistils and stamens do not grow within the same flower, or even on the same plant, but the pistillate flowers grow on one plant and the staminate on another. The berries contain flat seeds, surrounded by a very sticky substance, from which birdlime may be made. This birdlime is spread upon places frequented by birds, to impede their movements and render them easily captured. In a similar way it may be used to secure ground-squirrels and other small animals. This is the only practical use that has ever been made of the Mistletoe. The plum grows very slowly, and "not until it is four years old does it bear its first white, translucent berries. However, it drains the vital juices necessary to the growth of the tree, and when many bunches find lodgment upon the same tree, they ultimately cause its decline and death." —Shining Light. The Circle of Divine Love. Christ, as reverses creation. One gave us man in the image of God, while the other gave us God in the image of man. The two complete the circle of divine love. That the gods should come down in the likeness of man was long recognized as a universal possibility. And yet Christ was standing alone. It has, no counterpart in all the recorded manifestations of deity. The story is natural when one recalls of whom it was written. That a man like Jesus should have entered the world by a special door is not strange. He was different from all others. The wine press of his life no one could tread but himself. That night belongs to no calendar. The very stars wore their brightest faces, when from before the depths of space God drew aside his curtains of richest blue. Jesus did not come alone. DANDRUFF MAKES HAIR ALL OUT A small bottle of “Danderine” keeps hair thick, strong, beautiful. Girls! Try this! Doubles, beauty of your hair in a few moments. Within ten minutes after in application of Danderine you can not find a single trace of dandruff or falling hair and your scalp will not itch, but what will. Please you most will be after a few weeks’ use, when you see new hair, fine and downy at first—yes—but really new hair—growing all over the scalp. A little Danderine Immediately doubles the beauty of your hair. No difference how dull, faded, brittle and scraggy. Just moisten a cloth with Danderine and carefully draw it through your hair, taking one small strand at a time. The effect is amazing—your hair will be light, fluffy and wavy, and have an appearance of abundance; an incomparable lustre, softness and luxuriance. Get a small bottle of Knowlton’s Danderine for a few cents at any drug store or toilet counter, and prove that your hair is as pretty and soft as any—that it has been neglected or injured by careless treatment—that’s all—you surely can have beautiful hair and lots of it if you will just try a little Danderine.—Adv. Japan has a glycerin manufacturing plant which has a capacity of about 300 tons a month. EAT A TABLET! DYSPEPSIA GONE PAPE'S DIAPEPSIN INSTANTLY RELIEVES SOUR, GAS, OR ACID STOMACHS. When meals hit back and your stomach is sour, acid, gassy, or you feel full, and bloated. When you have heavy lumps of pain or headache from indigestion, here is instant relief. Just as soon as you eat a tablet or two of Pape’s Diapepsin, all the dyspepsia, indigestion, and stomach distress ends. These pleasant, harmless tablets of Pape's Diapepsin never fail to make upset stomachs feel fine at once, and they cost very little. At drug stores. Adv. A witty girl is often a drug in the matrimonial market. Headaches, bloating, and indigestion are cured by taking May Apple. Also, Jalap made into Pleasant Pellets (Dr. Pierce's). Adv. Thanks are so cheap that there is no excuse for giving them grudgingly. ASTHMA INSTANTLY RELIEVED WITH OKBOMIT REFUNDED ASH ANY ORUGOIST WRIGLEY'S Announcement: To help meet the needs of the government, Wrigley’s has discontinued the use of tin foil as a wrapping for Christmas! Hereafter all three WRIGLEY flavors will be sealed in air-tight, pink-end packages. So look for WRIGLEY'S in the pink sealed wrapper and take your choice of flavor. Three kinds to suit all tastes. SEALED TIGHT-KEPT RIGHT Be SURE you get WRIGLEY’S— The Flavor Lasts! COLT DISTEMPER You can prevent this loathsome disease from running through your stable and cure all the colts suffering with It when you begin the treatment. No matter how young. SPOHN’S is safe to use on any colt. It is wonderful how It prevents all distempers, no matter how colts or horses at any age are "exposed." All good druggists and turf goods houses and manufacturers sell SPOHN’S at 60 cents and $1.15 a bottle. $5.50 and $11.00 a dozen. SPOHN MEDICAL, CO., Gashes, Ind., U. S. A. Not Quite as Expected. “Was I rude this afternoon?” a little girl asked her mother. “I hope not, my dear,” said the Mother, little girl—Well, our teacher was examining us in poetry—“Casablanca,” and she asked why did the boy stand on the burning deck, and I said because it was too hot for him to sit down; and she made me stand in the corner. —Stray Stories. Lives 200 Years! More than 200 years. Haarlem Oil, the famous national remedy of Holland, has been recognized as an infallible remedy for all forms of kidney and bladder disorders. Its very age is proof that it must have unusual merit. If you are troubled with pains or aches in the back, feel tired in the morning, headaches, indigestion, insomnia, painful or too frequent passage of urine, irritation or stone in the bladder, you will almost certainly find relief in GOLD MEDAL Haarlem Oil Capsules. This is the good old remedy that has stood the test for hundreds of years, prepared in the proper quantity and convenient form to take. It is imported direct from Holland laboratories, and you can get it at any drug store. It is a standard, old-time home remedy and needs no introduction. Each capsule contains one dose of five drops and is pleasant and easy to take. They will quickly relieve those stiffened joints, that backache, rheumatism, lumbago, sciatica, gallstones, gravel, “brick dust,” etc. Your money promptly refunded if they do not relieve you. But be sure to get the genuine GOLD MEDAL brand. In boxes, three sizes.—Adv. Natural Proving. “I assure you I am dead in earnest.” So I should judge from your grave expression.” Don’t believe all the good things you hear about yourself. WHITE SCOURS BLACKLEG Your Veterinarian can stamp them out with Cutter’s Anti-Calf Scour Serum and Cutter’s Germ Free Blackleg Filtrate and Aggressin, or Cutter’s Blackleg Pills. Ask him about them. If he hasn’t our literature, write to us for information on these products. The Cutter Laboratory Berkeley, Cal. Or Chicago, Ill. The Laboratory That Knows Boys and Girls Cleaning Skin With Cuticura W. N. U., Salt Lake City, No. 4A-191A You Are Dying By Acid When you have Heartburn, Gassy, Bloat, and that Full Feeling after eating. TAKE ONE FOR your stomach's sard Rids you of the Excess Acid and Overload and you will fairly feel the GAS driven out of your body—THE BLOAT GOES WITH IT. IT GIVES YOU REAL STOMACH COMFORT Sold by druggists generally—If your druggist can't supply you a big box of Eatonic for 60c, send us this ad with your name and address and we will send it to you—you can send us the 50c after you get It. Address Eatonic Remedy Co., 1018 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, III.
| 48,277 |
https://github.com/jfuku14/CMMPPT/blob/master/gsa/wit/COIN/Clp/dep/ClpLinearObjective.d
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
LicenseRef-scancode-cpl-0.5, Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
CMMPPT
|
jfuku14
|
Makefile
|
Code
| 26 | 225 |
AIX-O/ClpLinearObjective.o dep/ClpLinearObjective.d : ClpLinearObjective.cpp \
/u/wit/COIN/include/CoinPragma.hpp include/ClpModel.hpp \
include/ClpMatrixBase.hpp /u/wit/COIN/include/CoinPackedMatrix.hpp \
/u/wit/COIN/include/CoinError.hpp \
/u/wit/COIN/include/CoinPackedVectorBase.hpp \
/u/wit/COIN/include/CoinFloatEqual.hpp \
/u/wit/COIN/include/CoinFinite.hpp \
/u/wit/COIN/include/CoinShallowPackedVector.hpp \
/u/wit/COIN/include/CoinMessageHandler.hpp include/ClpParameters.hpp \
include/ClpObjective.hpp include/ClpLinearObjective.hpp
| 11,760 |
https://github.com/FarroTakeshi/animez-one/blob/master/app/Http/Controllers/Admin/PermissionController.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,018 |
animez-one
|
FarroTakeshi
|
PHP
|
Code
| 103 | 385 |
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\Models\Permission;
class PermissionController extends Controller
{
public function index() {
$permissions = Permission::all();
return view('permissions.index', compact('permissions'));
}
public function create(){
return view('permissions.create');
}
public function store(){
$this->validate(request(), [
'name' => 'required',
]);
$permission = Permission::create([
'permission_name' => request('name'),
'description' => request('description'),
]);
return redirect()->route('permissions.index')
->with('message', 'New permission registered successfully');
}
public function edit(Permission $permission){
return view('permissions.edit', compact('permission'));
}
public function update(Permission $permission){
$this->validate(request(), [
'name' => 'required',
]);
$permission->permission_name = request('name');
$permission->description = request('description');
$permission->save();
return redirect()->route('permissions.index')
->with('message', 'Permission updated successfully');
}
public function delete(Permission $permission){
$permission->delete();
return redirect()->route('permissions.index')
->with('message', 'Permission deleted successfully');
}
}
| 9,202 |
https://github.com/CyberMind-FR/crowdsec/blob/master/pkg/database/ent/migrate/schema.go
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
crowdsec
|
CyberMind-FR
|
Go
|
Code
| 740 | 2,864 |
// Code generated by entc, DO NOT EDIT.
package migrate
import (
"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/schema"
"entgo.io/ent/schema/field"
)
var (
// AlertsColumns holds the columns for the "alerts" table.
AlertsColumns = []*schema.Column{
{Name: "id", Type: field.TypeInt, Increment: true},
{Name: "created_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "updated_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "scenario", Type: field.TypeString},
{Name: "bucket_id", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true, Default: ""},
{Name: "message", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true, Default: ""},
{Name: "events_count", Type: field.TypeInt32, Nullable: true, Default: 0},
{Name: "started_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "stopped_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "source_ip", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true},
{Name: "source_range", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true},
{Name: "source_as_number", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true},
{Name: "source_as_name", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true},
{Name: "source_country", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true},
{Name: "source_latitude", Type: field.TypeFloat32, Nullable: true},
{Name: "source_longitude", Type: field.TypeFloat32, Nullable: true},
{Name: "source_scope", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true},
{Name: "source_value", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true},
{Name: "capacity", Type: field.TypeInt32, Nullable: true},
{Name: "leak_speed", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true},
{Name: "scenario_version", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true},
{Name: "scenario_hash", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true},
{Name: "simulated", Type: field.TypeBool, Default: false},
{Name: "machine_alerts", Type: field.TypeInt, Nullable: true},
}
// AlertsTable holds the schema information for the "alerts" table.
AlertsTable = &schema.Table{
Name: "alerts",
Columns: AlertsColumns,
PrimaryKey: []*schema.Column{AlertsColumns[0]},
ForeignKeys: []*schema.ForeignKey{
{
Symbol: "alerts_machines_alerts",
Columns: []*schema.Column{AlertsColumns[23]},
RefColumns: []*schema.Column{MachinesColumns[0]},
OnDelete: schema.SetNull,
},
},
Indexes: []*schema.Index{
{
Name: "alert_id",
Unique: false,
Columns: []*schema.Column{AlertsColumns[0]},
},
},
}
// BouncersColumns holds the columns for the "bouncers" table.
BouncersColumns = []*schema.Column{
{Name: "id", Type: field.TypeInt, Increment: true},
{Name: "created_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "updated_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "name", Type: field.TypeString, Unique: true},
{Name: "api_key", Type: field.TypeString},
{Name: "revoked", Type: field.TypeBool},
{Name: "ip_address", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true, Default: ""},
{Name: "type", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true},
{Name: "version", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true},
{Name: "until", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "last_pull", Type: field.TypeTime},
}
// BouncersTable holds the schema information for the "bouncers" table.
BouncersTable = &schema.Table{
Name: "bouncers",
Columns: BouncersColumns,
PrimaryKey: []*schema.Column{BouncersColumns[0]},
}
// DecisionsColumns holds the columns for the "decisions" table.
DecisionsColumns = []*schema.Column{
{Name: "id", Type: field.TypeInt, Increment: true},
{Name: "created_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "updated_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "until", Type: field.TypeTime},
{Name: "scenario", Type: field.TypeString},
{Name: "type", Type: field.TypeString},
{Name: "start_ip", Type: field.TypeInt64, Nullable: true},
{Name: "end_ip", Type: field.TypeInt64, Nullable: true},
{Name: "start_suffix", Type: field.TypeInt64, Nullable: true},
{Name: "end_suffix", Type: field.TypeInt64, Nullable: true},
{Name: "ip_size", Type: field.TypeInt64, Nullable: true},
{Name: "scope", Type: field.TypeString},
{Name: "value", Type: field.TypeString},
{Name: "origin", Type: field.TypeString},
{Name: "simulated", Type: field.TypeBool, Default: false},
{Name: "alert_decisions", Type: field.TypeInt, Nullable: true},
}
// DecisionsTable holds the schema information for the "decisions" table.
DecisionsTable = &schema.Table{
Name: "decisions",
Columns: DecisionsColumns,
PrimaryKey: []*schema.Column{DecisionsColumns[0]},
ForeignKeys: []*schema.ForeignKey{
{
Symbol: "decisions_alerts_decisions",
Columns: []*schema.Column{DecisionsColumns[15]},
RefColumns: []*schema.Column{AlertsColumns[0]},
OnDelete: schema.Cascade,
},
},
}
// EventsColumns holds the columns for the "events" table.
EventsColumns = []*schema.Column{
{Name: "id", Type: field.TypeInt, Increment: true},
{Name: "created_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "updated_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "time", Type: field.TypeTime},
{Name: "serialized", Type: field.TypeString, Size: 8191},
{Name: "alert_events", Type: field.TypeInt, Nullable: true},
}
// EventsTable holds the schema information for the "events" table.
EventsTable = &schema.Table{
Name: "events",
Columns: EventsColumns,
PrimaryKey: []*schema.Column{EventsColumns[0]},
ForeignKeys: []*schema.ForeignKey{
{
Symbol: "events_alerts_events",
Columns: []*schema.Column{EventsColumns[5]},
RefColumns: []*schema.Column{AlertsColumns[0]},
OnDelete: schema.Cascade,
},
},
}
// MachinesColumns holds the columns for the "machines" table.
MachinesColumns = []*schema.Column{
{Name: "id", Type: field.TypeInt, Increment: true},
{Name: "created_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "updated_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "last_push", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "machine_id", Type: field.TypeString, Unique: true},
{Name: "password", Type: field.TypeString},
{Name: "ip_address", Type: field.TypeString},
{Name: "scenarios", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true, Size: 4095},
{Name: "version", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true},
{Name: "is_validated", Type: field.TypeBool, Default: false},
{Name: "status", Type: field.TypeString, Nullable: true},
}
// MachinesTable holds the schema information for the "machines" table.
MachinesTable = &schema.Table{
Name: "machines",
Columns: MachinesColumns,
PrimaryKey: []*schema.Column{MachinesColumns[0]},
}
// MetaColumns holds the columns for the "meta" table.
MetaColumns = []*schema.Column{
{Name: "id", Type: field.TypeInt, Increment: true},
{Name: "created_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "updated_at", Type: field.TypeTime, Nullable: true},
{Name: "key", Type: field.TypeString},
{Name: "value", Type: field.TypeString, Size: 4095},
{Name: "alert_metas", Type: field.TypeInt, Nullable: true},
}
// MetaTable holds the schema information for the "meta" table.
MetaTable = &schema.Table{
Name: "meta",
Columns: MetaColumns,
PrimaryKey: []*schema.Column{MetaColumns[0]},
ForeignKeys: []*schema.ForeignKey{
{
Symbol: "meta_alerts_metas",
Columns: []*schema.Column{MetaColumns[5]},
RefColumns: []*schema.Column{AlertsColumns[0]},
OnDelete: schema.Cascade,
},
},
}
// Tables holds all the tables in the schema.
Tables = []*schema.Table{
AlertsTable,
BouncersTable,
DecisionsTable,
EventsTable,
MachinesTable,
MetaTable,
}
)
func init() {
AlertsTable.ForeignKeys[0].RefTable = MachinesTable
DecisionsTable.ForeignKeys[0].RefTable = AlertsTable
EventsTable.ForeignKeys[0].RefTable = AlertsTable
MetaTable.ForeignKeys[0].RefTable = AlertsTable
}
| 35,192 |
https://github.com/mmosemmle/struts_9805/blob/master/core/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/views/xslt/ServletURIResolver.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,020 |
struts_9805
|
mmosemmle
|
Java
|
Code
| 292 | 646 |
/*
* $Id$
*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
package org.apache.struts2.views.xslt;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.xml.transform.Source;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.URIResolver;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import java.io.InputStream;
/**
* ServletURIResolver is a URIResolver that can retrieve resources from the servlet context using the scheme "response".
* e.g.
*
* A URI resolver is called when a stylesheet uses an xsl:include, xsl:import, or document() function to find the
* resource (file).
*/
public class ServletURIResolver implements URIResolver {
private Logger log = LogManager.getLogger(getClass());
static final String PROTOCOL = "response:";
private ServletContext sc;
public ServletURIResolver(ServletContext sc) {
log.trace("ServletURIResolver: {}", sc);
this.sc = sc;
}
public Source resolve(String href, String base) throws TransformerException {
log.debug("ServletURIResolver resolve(): href={}, base={}", href, base);
if (href.startsWith(PROTOCOL)) {
String res = href.substring(PROTOCOL.length());
log.debug("Resolving resource <{}>", res);
InputStream is = sc.getResourceAsStream(res);
if (is == null) {
throw new TransformerException(
"Resource " + res + " not found in resources.");
}
return new StreamSource(is);
}
throw new TransformerException(
"Cannot handle protocol of resource " + href);
}
}
| 29,474 |
bub_gb_UGvfFyqgGbwC_138
|
Greek-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,662 |
Ambrosij Calepini Dictionarium, quanta maxima fide ac diligentia accurate emendatum, ... Adiectae sunt Latinis dictionibus Hebraeae, Graecae, Gallicae, Italicae, Germanicae, Hispanicae, atque Anglicae; ... Praeter alia omnia, quae in hunc vsque diem fuerunt addita, precipuè à Ioanne Passeratio, ... accesserunt etiam insignes l
|
Ambrogio Calepino
|
Greek
|
Spoken
| 7,739 | 28,336 |
εαυία ἴῃ χοται αιώτα «ομώπεδασας» ἔοτς γεῖς ἵπ Γρίαἷα Ι.ομμο: Ἱίη- φὔσεστας) 6 Ηίλς Εχαλοςτοιςοαιροβκωσαιζαίως βραι{ισακίουείι γ]ὰς [ῶ-. ΡΙὰ {ο Ίοσον ι αν ον : γΥἱοἑια (ο, γειαίς, {99 ῥέ([αδ. ὁ Ὁλκωσιρνχὲ λκομα. ΟΛΕΣ. Ρἱκταεἴρηνο-- Γαλ, δΙε[[ντν. Γτ Α.ΟΙΗΡΙΑΓΝΟΝΕΡΕΕ ΟΕΕΝ. ἄν[νάνιρα, Ελ λεν Γ{σσς- μπεριθ,οόνα εἰς ἴπραγ. Αν ος. Δίας ο α διίενν [νείμς.} ὅσηςς. πα δεγε- Άι ἵω ἀοίοιςς, ἀασνααν Υἱςσαοσςς ἑά]αστα ν΄ ΠΙΑ ΙΟ» μνοςς ἕεέωα «εἶεςα {ο [τοπαεβΠ μα {οσμσας αἴρισιας, ἃ εἰἁ ρἰσσυιἩ ελςώδας. ζἰλκώδεε σαιτ. ΡΙεν « υἱεεγε ινε έμγες ο δἱε(Γη γε ἶτ Ας. θέηο ΜΕ ΡΙΑΡΒΕ ΟΕΚ Μ. Ὁοίί αἴῇζοι οὓετ αε[ζρονάτεα, Ἠλα. {ἱλζαέὸ εδ ῥδώγεν ΑΝΟΙ.. Ἐν οἱ ὁγίε οἵ ὐ51- εώει. Ποιας κο. Ὀδεσς» Θκίω Μόν Άλεν αρογν 6) Εδέο Θα (01 ς η )ὲτ [γίατε ΕΟΤ, ο Νο [νε ἠ Μεν. κ ) ὶ δὶς Υἱεστοίαιη ἀ) κὶε ἐς Ἰα(ζαἷα. δε απΊαητο» (αὺά Ομρίάο Ίσσα Εεεῖτςα εκπίσατως. Τ{εοσείκας, Καλικὸς 2ὸ ἵνα ως απαρ Ἰµνοθη, δετυλός γαπποης, αχ ριορ(ἑ ταδίψο ον τά σι οὑίζασα Πίάίηις, αμοά γ]- ες νοζαωσ, 6 Τταπάβενας ὃς αὰ αενοτες, Ρ) η, Εδ.κ7 «6/«17. Δλις ομι- μία βεπιηπαθίςς Είτενε εοπαςμἰ κα 1ἱ γίᾳααα τ]κετοίαμ) εἰ{έ, ΑΕ το» του ασα, Ομἱἆαίη Άσε βοπας η α(ρισαπά ρα ρασαης δε ον ερ 3 Έλις ο Οἵαςο κκ Φ’ ἀεδιςί νἱάσταςν θμοά ρείπιαα νοςαί ει. Ἰαδει ΡΙΓΑ}. Τλ.. πα ον φ ῶ δον 9 π ὄχι ἰς, ἔατοχ τοῖς απαεἰαί αλ ἡἶσι(ςὰ αίρειίου, φαί τεεηεπά{ αατῖ ρα λος εν Ὀν νο μήν ομαὰ κ η κωώνας ἡή Πεί αν ίνα, Πδ γε. | ὼν Ἐγιτοσιηίς, Τεινα πατυναἰέδ, οκ τα παπηπαπα τεεςεὔς, Ἰπμίσδει- : τῶν πίας, τσ ο εέα ἐν αμάειΟ κυν Μόνον, ἁκεκνε[ἰε μρῖβιὃ,ὃτ Α..Ἠν» ηλ ήθαμΑίε εί ἕνα, ΟΕ Ακ. Ὅν παάήίσς [αιφειρεο ὃς αὔαι. Ην, Ἡορε ανά τί 4 α ειετα ΑΝ ον ΝΑΤ [ηνήτηε[]ε ο σπς. γης, α. Θέη:. 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Ῥιο Ίοςο 1η μο Ρο[ὲ [ωά λε) » αμς ωλάρωςαι γυβηςμώς ρε Ρεὶ δν. γκάμα νωθίο, {γγηυὉ κ κδάδ. κει, ἄλλμμα, Ολες Ον νε, πέρα, Ίται.. Ε[ο νηχετε ο) Ηιο). πα Με νλιαγ. ΑΝΟΝ. -” ἵφε. . Οἶεχλ.έε ες ὃ. Ἠας Ρικτειεα {ωρς ἵη Ἱεμίυυς ἂε γα» Βυα Ες γακίόρὸβ, δετωω]! νηέλατα εοἱἱνεωιμδε οαναἶν εἰ κ γοβπεαια, ὃν ζμε Ὑρρπεμίωαι. { [0 (ἰνόν. ἵνα Ἠριμείο. µύρν, ο ο ο Όσκν σι (ας, πο κανε. Άνοι. μα } Νο εξ μία εοιηρο[ιίο εεβὰ κ] «ἰεωιρί Υταθτως Δά γωἷηοια «ὐκλλά: (ςὰ «θµη» ποί(μο ἀἰμειίοτοια οὐοιααιιάόΐτο οἶεοιαὰ νοβωςθόα πι, ὃς ἠάχωθίας «Ἀα(4 ἱωυς οί, Χβίμικ, [ης χρίομας, νετετες Ὀύδμα, Υμ]» β0ε αΩζε1η ας ῥεοιαὶ(ζαωμ, δὲ [ειὲ ρα] αΠεῖς ἀῑεαεωα, ἄλμμας, αλλέν-, Αηδς ἐπάλαµµα, γοεα: Ἰοεβως, Υ ιάς αλλι «κε, δε ν{αλλικΊδε, πο [ή χω. έἴουεςδὲ που ἔχοιες νοςδης, Οικ ςί Πεηεμες κόγιάταὶ χρίσω , ας πα. ΑΊρβον µομβίβαµεως, Ἠμες Ἠκιπιο]αων, Γ]αυς, ΑΜοζι/ενκ.ι. Νο ροί. {ωῶς οπηῤες οἶειε νΏοµεη(α εχοείεα. Οἶε.{. /οπιίη. Ώυμαι ἴμιοιεα Άρεο- πως ΕΑΡΩΣ αἴεης ος [μαμα γαρµςηεο ρειξώςάσες, Ηοῖαίιν κήπο ἰε 7. Εως ελρας[]νως νῶραεμεα ἂς «ος λς, Ῥοιηρουήμα ἑαπιςὮ Ἱωιεςοοίη]-- εως εἰς, ας κανομηξοΝΜοιωνάν να, ὁν. | ή μκνεπέο, (ο δἷε γαρωεμία. εἴζεκ]μας καἰειωάμαῖς εαω[α εοπιρα ελα: : [ελ λικς βιλµίν Πως «ΑἴνςΩ(Α. ἀἴκυνως, δεταΐως αἷς ἔνος ΠοἴησΏ τοβνεΏ(μΙΏ Ώομ τεεῖρετε τ Πεης ωος. γυρο: νωρµειη γετὸ ῳ ἱναδεις. Ρ]αμί Εκ, (ευα « «η Ν πὔνενία , οὀοσα, κοιο]]αονα εομαἰμίο. πα πο σσ σ σσα ας Ὑεωκιένλας Ομρίδταῖ, ἴάεαν Ῥ[εμά. (εντ. κ.ὴ, Ψθμν]ρο, νΏρυς εί ο,ὃς Ρυρασισπείε.Ἰάεπι Οµγε(.1-α.ἳ. Όλος ν. Ῥτας τοῦ, Ααυίεὰ «βἰ. ς ννὴ [ς ναρµεωςίς δε ἂε εοεώσῃ έσω [Νίο οὖςις εειιο» γίὰε Ῥίαυς, 249β {ει γ-α.1. θπροζμ κά, νωρµερίο οὐ]ίυς. { ῥιμυμιμέόθ, Ολες. ΟὐΝᾶ «η Επ ται, ερ ο ονεκονίοι ΟΝΜ. (δεαίοε ) πιά (αἰδση ἐεβησ. Ην).
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https://github.com/apache/groovy/blob/master/subprojects/groovy-cli-picocli/src/main/groovy/groovy/cli/picocli/CliBuilder.groovy
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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BSD-3-Clause, Apache-2.0, MIT, CC-BY-2.5
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groovy
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apache
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Groovy
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Code
| 4,815 | 11,630 |
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* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
package groovy.cli.picocli
import groovy.cli.CliBuilderException
import groovy.cli.Option
import groovy.cli.TypedOption
import groovy.cli.Unparsed
import groovy.transform.Undefined
import org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods
import org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper
import org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.MetaClassHelper
import picocli.CommandLine
import picocli.CommandLine.ITypeConverter
import picocli.CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec
import picocli.CommandLine.Model.IGetter
import picocli.CommandLine.Model.ISetter
import picocli.CommandLine.Model.OptionSpec
import picocli.CommandLine.Model.ParserSpec
import picocli.CommandLine.Model.PositionalParamSpec
import picocli.CommandLine.Model.UsageMessageSpec
import java.lang.reflect.Field
import java.lang.reflect.Method
/**
* Provides a builder to assist the processing of command line arguments.
* Two styles are supported: dynamic api style (declarative method calls provide a mini DSL for describing options)
* and annotation style (annotations on an interface or class describe options).
* <p>
* <b>Dynamic api style</b>
* <p>
* Typical usage (emulate partial arg processing of unix command: ls -alt *.groovy):
* <pre>
* def cli = new CliBuilder(name:'ls')
* cli.a('display all files')
* cli.l('use a long listing format')
* cli.t('sort by modification time')
* def options = cli.parse(args)
* assert options // would be null (false) on failure
* assert options.arguments() == ['*.groovy']
* assert options.a && options.l && options.t
* </pre>
* The usage message for this example (obtained using <code>cli.usage()</code>) is shown below:
* <pre>
* Usage: ls [-alt]
* -a display all files
* -l use a long listing format
* -t sort by modification time
* </pre>
* An underlying parser that supports what is called argument 'bursting' is used
* by default. Bursting would convert '-alt' into '-a -l -t' provided no long
* option exists with value 'alt' and provided that none of 'a', 'l' or 't'
* takes an argument (in fact the last one is allowed to take an argument).
* The bursting behavior can be turned off by configuring the underlying parser.
* The simplest way to achieve this is by setting the posix property on the CliBuilder
* to false, i.e. include {@code posix: false} in the constructor call.
* <p>
* Another example (partial emulation of arg processing for 'ant' command line):
* <pre>
* def cli = new CliBuilder(usage:'ant [options] [targets]',
* header:'Options:')
* cli.help('print this message')
* cli.logfile(type:File, argName:'file', 'use given file for log')
* cli.D(type:Map, argName:'property=value', 'use value for given property')
* cli.lib(argName:'path', valueSeparator:',', args: '3',
* 'comma-separated list of 3 paths to search for jars and classes')
* def options = cli.parse(args)
* ...
* </pre>
* Usage message would be:
* <pre>
* Usage: ant [options] [targets]
* Options:
* -D= <property=value> use value for given property
* -help print this message
* -lib=<path>,<path>,<path>
* comma-separated list of 3 paths to search for jars and
* classes
* -logfile=<file> use given file for log
* </pre>
* And if called with the following arguments '-logfile foo -Dbar=baz -lib=/tmp,/usr/lib,~/libs target'
* then the following assertions would be true:
* <pre>
* assert options // would be null (false) on failure
* assert options.arguments() == ['target']
* assert options.D == ['bar': 'baz']
* assert options.libs == ['/tmp', '/usr/lib', '~/libs']
* assert options.lib == '/tmp'
* assert options.logfile == new File('foo')
* </pre>
* Note the use of some special notation. By adding 's' onto an option
* that may appear multiple times and has an argument or as in this case
* uses a valueSeparator to separate multiple argument values
* causes the list of associated argument values to be returned.
* <p>
* Another example showing long options (partial emulation of arg processing for 'curl' command line):
* <pre>
* def cli = new CliBuilder(name:'curl')
* cli._(longOpt:'basic', 'Use HTTP Basic Authentication')
* cli.d(longOpt:'data', args:1, argName:'data', 'HTTP POST data')
* cli.G(longOpt:'get', 'Send the -d data with a HTTP GET')
* cli.q('If used as the first parameter disables .curlrc')
* cli._(longOpt:'url', type:URL, argName:'URL', 'Set URL to work with')
* </pre>
* Which has the following usage message:
* <pre>
* Usage: curl [-Gq] [--basic] [--url=<URL>] [-d=<data>]
* --basic Use HTTP Basic Authentication
* -d, --data=<data> HTTP POST data
* -G, --get Send the -d data with a HTTP GET
* -q If used as the first parameter disables .curlrc
* --url=<URL> Set URL to work with
* </pre>
* This example shows a common convention. When mixing short and long names, the
* short names are often one character in size. One character options with
* arguments don't require a space between the option and the argument, e.g.
* <code>-Ddebug=true</code>. The example also shows
* the use of '_' when no short option is applicable.
* <p>
* Also note that '_' was used multiple times. This is supported but if
* any other shortOpt or any longOpt is repeated, then the underlying library throws an exception.
* <p>
* Short option names may not contain a hyphen. If a long option name contains a hyphen, e.g. '--max-wait' then you can either
* use the long hand method call <code>options.hasOption('max-wait')</code> or surround
* the option name in quotes, e.g. <code>options.'max-wait'</code>.
* <p>
* Although CliBuilder on the whole hides away the underlying library used
* for processing the arguments, it does provide some hooks which let you
* make use of the underlying library directly should the need arise. For
* example, the last two lines of the 'curl' example above could be replaced
* with the following:
* <pre>
* import picocli.CommandLine.Model.*
* ... as before ...
* cli << OptionSpec.builder('-q').
* description('If used as the first parameter disables .curlrc').build()
* cli << OptionSpec.builder('--url').type(URL.class).paramLabel('<URL>').
* description('Set URL to work with').build()
* ...
* </pre>
* As another example, the <code>usageMessage</code> property gives
* fine-grained control over the usage help message (see the
* <a href="http://picocli.info/#_usage_help_with_styles_and_colors">picocli user manual</a>
* for details):
*
* <pre>
* def cli = new CliBuilder()
* cli.name = "myapp"
* cli.usageMessage.with {
* headerHeading("@|bold,underline Header heading:|@%n")
* header("Header 1", "Header 2") // before the synopsis
* synopsisHeading("%n@|bold,underline Usage:|@ ")
* descriptionHeading("%n@|bold,underline Description heading:|@%n")
* description("Description 1", "Description 2") // after the synopsis
* optionListHeading("%n@|bold,underline Options heading:|@%n")
* footerHeading("%n@|bold,underline Footer heading:|@%n")
* footer("Footer 1", "Footer 2")
* }</pre>
*
* <p>
* <b>Supported Option Properties</b>:
* <table border="1" cellspacing="0">
* <tr>
* <th>Property</th>
* <th>Type</th>
* <th>Picocli equivalent</th>
* <th>Description</th>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <th><code>argName</code></th>
* <td>String</td>
* <td><code>names</code></td>
* <td>Short name for the option, will be prefixed with a single hyphen.</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <th><code>longOpt</code></th>
* <td>String</td>
* <td><code>names</code></td>
* <td>Long name for the option, will be prefixed with two hyphens
* unless {@link CliBuilder#acceptLongOptionsWithSingleHyphen acceptLongOptionsWithSingleHyphen}
* is <code>true</code>.
* An option must have either a long name or a short name (or both).</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <th><code>args</code></th>
* <td>int or String</td>
* <td><code>arity</code></td>
* <td><code>args</code> indicates the number of parameters for this option.
* A String value of '+' indicates at least one up to any number of parameters.
* The minimum number of parameters depends on the type (booleans require no parameters)
* and the <code>optionalArg</code> setting.
* <code>args</code> can often be omitted if a <code>type</code> is specified.
* </td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <th><code>optionalArg</code></th>
* <td>boolean</td>
* <td><code>arity</code></td>
* <td>If <code>optionalArg=true</code>, then <code>args=3</code>
* is the equivalent of <code>arity="0..3"</code> in picocli.
* When <code>optionalArg=true</code>, <code>args='+'</code>
* is equivalent to <code>arity="0..*"</code>.
* </td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <th><code>required</code></th>
* <td>boolean</td>
* <td><code>required</code></td>
* <td>If <code>true</code>, this option must be specified on the command line, or an exception is thrown.
* </td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <th><code>type</code></th>
* <td>Class</td>
* <td><code>type</code></td>
* <td>Option parameters are converted to this type. The underlying library has built-in converters for
* <a href="http://picocli.info/#_built_in_types">many types</a>.
* A custom converter can be specified with the <code>convert</code> property.
* </td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <th><code>convert</code></th>
* <td>Closure</td>
* <td><code>converter</code></td>
* <td>A closure that takes a single String parameter and returns an object converted to the <code>type</code> of this option.
* The picocli equivalent is the <code><a href="http://picocli.info/#_custom_type_converters">ITypeConverter</a></code> interface.
* </td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <th><code>valueSeparator</code></th>
* <td>char</td>
* <td><code>splitRegex</code></td>
* <td>The character used to split a single command line argument into parts.
* </td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <th><code>defaultValue</code></th>
* <td>String</td>
* <td><code>defaultValue</code></td>
* <td>The value the option should have if it did not appear on the command line.
* The specified String value will be split into parts with the <code>valueSeparator</code> and
* converted to the option <code>type</code> before it is set.
* </td>
* </tr>
* </table>
* See {@link groovy.cli.picocli.CliBuilderTest} for further examples.
* <p>
* <b>@-files</b>
* <p>
* CliBuilder also supports Argument File processing. If an argument starts with
* an '@' character followed by a filename, then the contents of the file with name
* filename are placed into the command line. The feature can be turned off by
* setting expandArgumentFiles to false. If turned on, you can still pass a real
* parameter with an initial '@' character by escaping it with an additional '@'
* symbol, e.g. '@@foo' will become '@foo' and not be subject to expansion. As an
* example, if the file temp.args contains the content:
* <pre>
* -arg1
* paramA
* paramB paramC
* </pre>
* Then calling the command line with:
* <pre>
* someCommand @temp.args -arg2 paramD
* </pre>
* Is the same as calling this:
* <pre>
* someCommand -arg1 paramA paramB paramC -arg2 paramD
* </pre>
* This feature is particularly useful on operating systems which place limitations
* on the size of the command line (e.g. Windows). The feature is similar to
* the 'Command Line Argument File' processing supported by javadoc and javac.
* Consult the corresponding documentation for those tools if you wish to see further examples.
* <p>
* <b>Annotation style with an interface</b>
* <p>
* With this style an interface is defined containing an annotated method for each option.
* It might look like this (following roughly the earlier 'ls' example):
* <pre>
* import groovy.cli.Option
* import groovy.cli.Unparsed
*
* interface OptionInterface {
* @{@link groovy.cli.Option}(shortName='a', description='display all files') boolean all()
* @{@link groovy.cli.Option}(shortName='l', description='use a long listing format') boolean longFormat()
* @{@link groovy.cli.Option}(shortName='t', description='sort by modification time') boolean time()
* @{@link groovy.cli.Unparsed} List remaining()
* }
* </pre>
* Then this description is supplied to CliBuilder during parsing, e.g.:
* <pre>
* def args = '-alt *.groovy'.split() // normally from commandline itself
* def cli = new CliBuilder(usage:'ls')
* def options = cli.parseFromSpec(OptionInterface, args)
* assert options.remaining() == ['*.groovy']
* assert options.all() && options.longFormat() && options.time()
* </pre>
* <p>
* <b>Annotation style with a class</b>
* <p>
* With this style a user-supplied instance is used. Annotations on that instance's class
* members (properties and setter methods) indicate how to set options and provide the option details
* using annotation attributes.
* It might look like this (again using the earlier 'ls' example):
* <pre>
* import groovy.cli.Option
* import groovy.cli.Unparsed
*
* class OptionClass {
* @{@link groovy.cli.Option}(shortName='a', description='display all files') boolean all
* @{@link groovy.cli.Option}(shortName='l', description='use a long listing format') boolean longFormat
* @{@link groovy.cli.Option}(shortName='t', description='sort by modification time') boolean time
* @{@link groovy.cli.Unparsed} List remaining
* }
* </pre>
* Then this description is supplied to CliBuilder during parsing, e.g.:
* <pre>
* def args = '-alt *.groovy'.split() // normally from commandline itself
* def cli = new CliBuilder(usage:'ls')
* def options = new OptionClass()
* cli.parseFromInstance(options, args)
* assert options.remaining == ['*.groovy']
* assert options.all && options.longFormat && options.time
* </pre>
*/
class CliBuilder {
/**
* The command synopsis displayed as the first line in the usage help message, e.g., when <code>cli.usage()</code> is called.
* When not set, a default synopsis is generated that shows the supported options and parameters.
* @see #name
*/
String usage = 'groovy'
/**
* This property allows customizing the program name displayed in the synopsis when <code>cli.usage()</code> is called.
* Ignored if the {@link #usage} property is set.
* @since 2.5
*/
String name = 'groovy'
/**
* To disallow clustered POSIX short options, set this to false.
*/
Boolean posix = true
/**
* Whether arguments of the form '{@code @}<i>filename</i>' will be expanded into the arguments contained within the file named <i>filename</i> (default true).
*/
boolean expandArgumentFiles = true
/**
* Configures what the parser should do when arguments not recognized
* as options are encountered: when <code>true</code> (the default), the
* remaining arguments are all treated as positional parameters.
* When <code>false</code>, the parser will continue to look for options, and
* only the unrecognized arguments are treated as positional parameters.
*/
boolean stopAtNonOption = true
/**
* For backwards compatibility with Apache Commons CLI, set this property to
* <code>true</code> if the parser should recognize long options with both
* a single hyphen and a double hyphen prefix. The default is <code>false</code>,
* so only long options with a double hyphen prefix (<code>--option</code>) are recognized.
* @since 2.5
*/
boolean acceptLongOptionsWithSingleHyphen = false
/**
* The PrintWriter to write the {@link #usage} help message to
* when <code>cli.usage()</code> is called.
* Defaults to stdout but you can provide your own PrintWriter if desired.
*/
PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(System.out)
/**
* The PrintWriter to write to when invalid user input was provided to
* the {@link #parse(java.lang.String[])} method.
* Defaults to stderr but you can provide your own PrintWriter if desired.
* @since 2.5
*/
PrintWriter errorWriter = new PrintWriter(System.err)
/**
* Optional additional message for usage; displayed after the usage summary
* but before the options are displayed.
*/
String header = null
/**
* Optional additional message for usage; displayed after the options.
*/
String footer = null
/**
* Allows customisation of the usage message width.
*/
int width = UsageMessageSpec.DEFAULT_USAGE_WIDTH
/**
* Not normally accessed directly but allows fine-grained control over the
* parser behaviour via the API of the underlying library if needed.
* @since 2.5
*/
// Implementation note: this object is separate from the CommandSpec.
// The values collected here are copied into the ParserSpec of the command.
final ParserSpec parser = new ParserSpec()
.stopAtPositional(true)
.unmatchedOptionsArePositionalParams(true)
.aritySatisfiedByAttachedOptionParam(true)
.limitSplit(true)
.overwrittenOptionsAllowed(true)
.toggleBooleanFlags(false)
/**
* Not normally accessed directly but allows fine-grained control over the
* usage help message via the API of the underlying library if needed.
* @since 2.5
*/
// Implementation note: this object is separate from the CommandSpec.
// The values collected here are copied into the UsageMessageSpec of the command.
final UsageMessageSpec usageMessage = new UsageMessageSpec()
/**
* Internal data structure mapping option names to their associated {@link TypedOption} object.
*/
Map<String, TypedOption> savedTypeOptions = new HashMap<String, TypedOption>()
// CommandSpec is the entry point into the picocli object model for a command.
// It gives access to a ParserSpec to customize the parser behaviour and
// a UsageMessageSpec to customize the usage help message.
// Add OptionSpec and PositionalParamSpec objects to this object to define
// the options and positional parameters this command recognizes.
//
// This field is private for now.
// It is initialized to an empty spec so options and positional parameter specs
// can be added dynamically via the programmatic API.
// When a command spec is defined via annotations, the existing instance is
// replaced with a new one. This allows the outer CliBuilder instance can be reused.
private CommandSpec commandSpec = CommandSpec.create()
/**
* Sets the {@link #usage usage} property on this <code>CliBuilder</code> and the
* <code>customSynopsis</code> on the {@link #usageMessage} used by the underlying library.
* @param usage the custom synopsis of the usage help message
*/
void setUsage(String usage) {
this.usage = usage
usageMessage.customSynopsis(usage)
}
/**
* Sets the {@link #footer} property on this <code>CliBuilder</code>
* and on the {@link #usageMessage} used by the underlying library.
* @param footer the footer of the usage help message
*/
void setFooter(String footer) {
this.footer = footer
usageMessage.footer(footer)
}
/**
* Sets the {@link #header} property on this <code>CliBuilder</code> and the
* <code>description</code> on the {@link #usageMessage} used by the underlying library.
* @param header the description text of the usage help message
*/
void setHeader(String header) {
this.header = header
// "header" is displayed after the synopsis in previous CliBuilder versions.
// The picocli equivalent is the "description".
usageMessage.description(header)
}
/**
* Sets the {@link #width} property on this <code>CliBuilder</code>
* and on the {@link #usageMessage} used by the underlying library.
* @param width the width of the usage help message
*/
void setWidth(int width) {
this.width = width
usageMessage.width(width)
}
/**
* Sets the {@link #expandArgumentFiles} property on this <code>CliBuilder</code>
* and on the {@link #parser} used by the underlying library.
* @param expand whether to expand argument @-files
*/
void setExpandArgumentFiles(boolean expand) {
this.expandArgumentFiles = expand
parser.expandAtFiles(expand)
}
/**
* Sets the {@link #posix} property on this <code>CliBuilder</code> and the
* <code>posixClusteredShortOptionsAllowed</code> property on the {@link #parser}
* used by the underlying library.
* @param posix whether to allow clustered short options
*/
void setPosix(Boolean posix) {
this.posix = posix
parser.posixClusteredShortOptionsAllowed(posix ?: false)
}
/**
* Sets the {@link #stopAtNonOption} property on this <code>CliBuilder</code> and the
* <code>stopAtPositional</code> property on the {@link #parser}
* used by the underlying library.
* @param stopAtNonOption when <code>true</code> (the default), the
* remaining arguments are all treated as positional parameters.
* When <code>false</code>, the parser will continue to look for options, and
* only the unrecognized arguments are treated as positional parameters.
*/
void setStopAtNonOption(boolean stopAtNonOption) {
this.stopAtNonOption = stopAtNonOption
parser.stopAtPositional(stopAtNonOption)
parser.unmatchedOptionsArePositionalParams(stopAtNonOption)
}
/**
* For backwards compatibility reasons, if a custom {@code writer} is set, this sets
* both the {@link #writer} and the {@link #errorWriter} to the specified writer.
* @param writer the writer to initialize both the {@code writer} and the {@code errorWriter} to
*/
void setWriter(PrintWriter writer) {
this.writer = writer
this.errorWriter = writer
}
public <T> TypedOption<T> option(Map args, Class<T> type, String description) {
def name = args.opt ?: '_'
args.type = type
args.remove('opt')
"$name"(args, description)
}
/**
* Internal method: Detect option specification method calls.
*/
def invokeMethod(String name, Object args) {
if (args instanceof Object[]) {
if (args.size() == 1 && (args[0] instanceof String || args[0] instanceof GString)) {
def option = option(name, [:], args[0]) // args[0] is description
commandSpec.addOption(option)
return create(option, null, null, null)
}
if (args.size() == 1 && args[0] instanceof OptionSpec && name == 'leftShift') {
OptionSpec option = args[0] as OptionSpec
commandSpec.addOption(option)
return create(option, null, null, null)
}
if (args.size() == 2 && args[0] instanceof Map) {
Map m = args[0] as Map
if (m.type && !(m.type instanceof Class)) {
throw new CliBuilderException("'type' must be a Class")
}
def option = option(name, m, args[1])
commandSpec.addOption(option)
return create(option, m.type, option.defaultValue(), option.converters())
}
}
return InvokerHelper.getMetaClass(this).invokeMethod(this, name, args)
}
private TypedOption create(OptionSpec o, Class theType, defaultValue, convert) {
String opt = o.names().sort { a, b -> a.length() - b.length() }.first()
opt = opt?.length() == 2 ? opt.substring(1) : null
String longOpt = o.names().sort { a, b -> b.length() - a.length() }.first()
longOpt = longOpt?.startsWith("--") ? longOpt.substring(2) : null
Map<String, Object> result = new TypedOption<Object>()
if (opt != null) result.put("opt", opt)
result.put("longOpt", longOpt)
result.put("cliOption", o)
if (defaultValue) {
result.put("defaultValue", defaultValue)
}
if (convert) {
if (theType) {
throw new CliBuilderException("You can't specify 'type' when using 'convert'")
}
result.put("convert", convert)
result.put("type", convert instanceof Class ? convert : convert.getClass())
} else {
result.put("type", theType)
}
savedTypeOptions[longOpt ?: opt] = result
result
}
/**
* Make options accessible from command line args with parser.
* Returns null on bad command lines after displaying usage message.
*/
OptionAccessor parse(args) {
CommandLine commandLine = createCommandLine()
try {
def accessor = new OptionAccessor(commandLine.parseArgs(args as String[]))
accessor.savedTypeOptions = savedTypeOptions
return accessor
} catch (CommandLine.ParameterException pe) {
errorWriter.println("error: " + pe.message)
printUsage(pe.commandLine, errorWriter)
return null
}
}
private CommandLine createCommandLine() {
commandSpec.parser(parser)
commandSpec.name(name).usageMessage(usageMessage)
if (commandSpec.positionalParameters().empty) {
commandSpec.addPositional(PositionalParamSpec.builder().type(String[]).arity("*").paramLabel("P").hidden(true).build())
}
return new CommandLine(commandSpec)
}
/**
* Prints the usage message with the specified {@link #header header}, {@link #footer footer} and {@link #width width}
* to the specified {@link #writer writer} (default: System.out).
*/
void usage() {
printUsage(commandSpec.commandLine() ?: createCommandLine(), writer)
}
private void printUsage(CommandLine commandLine, PrintWriter pw) {
commandLine.usage(pw)
pw.flush()
}
/**
* Given an interface containing members with annotations, derive
* the options specification.
*
* @param optionsClass
* @param args
* @return an instance containing the processed options
*/
public <T> T parseFromSpec(Class<T> optionsClass, String[] args) {
def cliOptions = [:]
commandSpec = CommandSpec.create()
addOptionsFromAnnotations(optionsClass, cliOptions, true)
addPositionalsFromAnnotations(optionsClass, cliOptions, true)
parse(args)
DefaultGroovyMethods.asType(cliOptions, optionsClass)
}
/**
* Given an instance containing members with annotations, derive
* the options specification.
*
* @param optionInstance
* @param args
* @return the options instance populated with the processed options
*/
public <T> T parseFromInstance(T optionInstance, args) {
commandSpec = CommandSpec.create()
addOptionsFromAnnotations(optionInstance.getClass(), optionInstance, false)
addPositionalsFromAnnotations(optionInstance.getClass(), optionInstance, false)
def optionAccessor = parse(args)
// initialize the boolean properties that were not matched
if (optionAccessor) {
optionAccessor.parseResult.commandSpec().options().each { option ->
if (!optionAccessor.parseResult.hasMatchedOption(option)) {
boolean isFlag = option.arity().max == 0 && option.type().simpleName.toLowerCase() == 'boolean'
if (isFlag) { option.value = false } // else default has already been applied
}
}
}
optionInstance
}
private void addOptionsFromAnnotations(Class optionClass, Object target, boolean isCoercedMap) {
optionClass.methods.findAll{ it.getAnnotation(Option) }.each { Method m ->
Option annotation = m.getAnnotation(Option)
ArgSpecAttributes attributes = extractAttributesFromMethod(m, isCoercedMap, target)
commandSpec.addOption(createOptionSpec(annotation, attributes, target))
}
def optionFields = optionClass.declaredFields.findAll { it.getAnnotation(Option) }
if (optionClass.isInterface() && !optionFields.isEmpty()) {
throw new CliBuilderException("@Option only allowed on methods in interface " + optionClass.simpleName)
}
optionFields.each { Field f ->
Option annotation = f.getAnnotation(Option)
ArgSpecAttributes attributes = extractAttributesFromField(f, target)
commandSpec.addOption(createOptionSpec(annotation, attributes, target))
}
}
private void addPositionalsFromAnnotations(Class optionClass, Object target, boolean isCoercedMap) {
optionClass.methods.findAll{ it.getAnnotation(Unparsed) }.each { Method m ->
Unparsed annotation = m.getAnnotation(Unparsed)
ArgSpecAttributes attributes = extractAttributesFromMethod(m, isCoercedMap, target)
commandSpec.addPositional(createPositionalParamSpec(annotation, attributes, target))
}
def optionFields = optionClass.declaredFields.findAll { it.getAnnotation(Unparsed) }
if (optionClass.isInterface() && !optionFields.isEmpty()) {
throw new CliBuilderException("@Unparsed only allowed on methods in interface " + optionClass.simpleName)
}
optionFields.each { Field f ->
Unparsed annotation = f.getAnnotation(Unparsed)
ArgSpecAttributes attributes = extractAttributesFromField(f, target)
commandSpec.addPositional(createPositionalParamSpec(annotation, attributes, target))
}
}
private static class ArgSpecAttributes {
Class type
Class[] auxiliaryTypes
String label
IGetter getter
ISetter setter
Object initialValue
boolean hasInitialValue
}
private ArgSpecAttributes extractAttributesFromMethod(Method m, boolean isCoercedMap, target) {
Class type = isCoercedMap ? m.returnType : (m.parameterTypes.size() > 0 ? m.parameterTypes[0] : m.returnType)
type = type && type == Void.TYPE ? null : type
Class[] auxTypes = null // TODO extract generic types like List<Integer> or Map<Integer,Double>
// If the method is a real setter, we can't invoke it to get its value,
// so instead we need to keep track of its current value ourselves.
// Additionally, implementation classes may annotate _getter_ methods with @Option;
// if the getter returns a Collection or Map, picocli will add parsed values to it.
def currentValue = initialValue(type, m, target, isCoercedMap)
def getter = {
currentValue
}
def setter = {
def old = currentValue
currentValue = it
if (!isCoercedMap && m.parameterTypes.size() > 0) {
m.invoke(target, [currentValue].toArray())
}
return old
}
if (isCoercedMap) {
target[m.name] = getter
}
def label = m.name.startsWith("set") || m.name.startsWith("get") ? MetaClassHelper.convertPropertyName(m.name.substring(3)) : m.name
new ArgSpecAttributes(type: type, auxiliaryTypes: auxTypes, label: label, getter: getter, setter: setter, initialValue: currentValue, hasInitialValue: isCoercedMap)
}
private Object initialValue(Class<?> cls, Method m, Object target, boolean isCoercedMap) {
if (m.parameterTypes.size() == 0 && m.returnType != Void.TYPE) { // annotated getter
if (!isCoercedMap) {
return m.invoke(target)
}
if (cls.primitive) {
if (cls.simpleName.toLowerCase() == 'boolean') {
return false
}
return 0
}
return target[m.name]
}
// annotated setter
if (List.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) { // TODO support other Collections in future
return new ArrayList()
}
if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
return new LinkedHashMap()
}
null
}
private ArgSpecAttributes extractAttributesFromField(Field f, target) {
def getter = {
f.accessible = true
f.get(target)
}
def setter = { newValue ->
f.accessible = true
def oldValue = f.get(target)
f.set(target, newValue)
oldValue
}
Class[] auxTypes = null // TODO extract generic types like List<Integer> or Map<Integer,Double>
new ArgSpecAttributes(type: f.type, auxiliaryTypes: auxTypes, label: f.name, getter: getter, setter: setter, initialValue: getter.call(), hasInitialValue: true)
}
private PositionalParamSpec createPositionalParamSpec(Unparsed unparsed, ArgSpecAttributes attr, Object target) {
PositionalParamSpec.Builder builder = PositionalParamSpec.builder()
CommandLine.Range arity = CommandLine.Range.valueOf("0..*")
if (attr.type == Object) { attr.type = String[] }
if (attr.type) { builder.type(attr.type) } // cannot set type to null
if (attr.auxiliaryTypes) { builder.auxiliaryTypes(attr.auxiliaryTypes) } // cannot set aux types to null
builder.arity(arity)
builder.description(unparsed.description())
builder.paramLabel("<$attr.label>")
builder.getter(attr.getter)
builder.setter(attr.setter)
builder.hasInitialValue(attr.hasInitialValue)
if (arity.max == 0 && attr.type.simpleName.toLowerCase() == 'boolean' && !attr.initialValue) {
attr.initialValue = false
}
try {
builder.initialValue(attr.initialValue)
} catch (Exception ex) {
throw new CliBuilderException("Could not get initial value of positional parameters: " + ex, ex)
}
builder.build()
}
private OptionSpec createOptionSpec(Option annotation, ArgSpecAttributes attr, Object target) {
Map names = calculateNames(annotation.longName(), annotation.shortName(), attr.label)
String arityString = extractArity(attr.type, annotation.optionalArg(), annotation.numberOfArguments(), annotation.numberOfArgumentsString(), names)
CommandLine.Range arity = CommandLine.Range.valueOf(arityString)
if (attr.type == Object && arity.max == 0) { attr.type = boolean }
OptionSpec.Builder builder = OptionSpec.builder(hyphenate(names))
if (attr.type) { builder.type(attr.type) } // cannot set type to null
if (attr.auxiliaryTypes) { builder.auxiliaryTypes(attr.auxiliaryTypes) } // cannot set aux types to null
builder.arity(arity)
builder.description(annotation.description())
builder.splitRegex(annotation.valueSeparator())
if (annotation.defaultValue()) { builder.defaultValue(annotation.defaultValue()) } // don't default picocli model to empty string
builder.paramLabel("<$attr.label>")
if (annotation.convert() != Undefined.CLASS) {
if (annotation.convert() instanceof Class) {
builder.converters(annotation.convert().newInstance(target, target) as ITypeConverter)
}
}
builder.getter(attr.getter)
builder.setter(attr.setter)
builder.hasInitialValue(attr.hasInitialValue)
if (arity.max == 0 && attr.type.simpleName.toLowerCase() == 'boolean' && !attr.initialValue) {
attr.initialValue = false
}
try {
builder.initialValue(attr.initialValue)
} catch (Exception ex) {
throw new CliBuilderException("Could not get initial value of option " + names + ": " + ex, ex)
}
builder.build()
}
private String[] hyphenate(Map<String, String> names) {
def both = acceptLongOptionsWithSingleHyphen
names.values().findAll { it && it != "_" }.collect { it.length() == 1 ? "-$it" : (both ? ["-$it", "--$it"] : ["--$it"]) }.flatten().toArray()
}
private String extractArity(Class<?> type, boolean optionalArg, int numberOfArguments, String numberOfArgumentsString, Map names) {
if (optionalArg && (!type || !isMultiValue(type))) {
throw new CliBuilderException("Attempted to set optional argument for single-value type on flag '${names.long ?: names.short}'")
}
if (numberOfArguments != 1 && numberOfArgumentsString) {
throw new CliBuilderException("You can't specify both 'numberOfArguments' and 'numberOfArgumentsString' on flag '${names.long ?: names.short}'")
}
def isFlag = type.simpleName.toLowerCase() == 'boolean' ||
(type.simpleName.toLowerCase() == 'object' && (numberOfArguments == 0 || numberOfArgumentsString == "0"))
String arity = "0"
if (numberOfArgumentsString) {
String max = numberOfArgumentsString.replace('+', '*')
arity = optionalArg ? "0..$max" : "1..$max"
} else {
if (!isFlag) {
arity = optionalArg ? "0..$numberOfArguments" : "1..$numberOfArguments"
}
}
if (arity == "0" && !(isFlag || type.name == 'java.lang.Object')) {
throw new CliBuilderException("Flag '${names.long ?: names.short}' must be Boolean or Object")
}
arity
}
private static boolean isMultiValue(Class<?> cls) {
cls.isArray() || Collection.class.isAssignableFrom(cls) || Map.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)
}
private Map calculateNames(String longName, String shortName, String label) {
boolean useShort = longName == '_'
if (longName == '_') longName = ""
def result = longName ?: label
[long: useShort ? "" : result, short: (useShort && !shortName) ? result : shortName]
}
// implementation details -------------------------------------
/**
* Internal method: How to create an OptionSpec from the specification.
*/
OptionSpec option(shortname, Map details, description) {
OptionSpec.Builder builder
if (shortname == '_') {
builder = OptionSpec.builder("--$details.longOpt").description(description)
if (acceptLongOptionsWithSingleHyphen) {
builder.names("-$details.longOpt", "--$details.longOpt")
}
details.remove('longOpt')
} else {
builder = OptionSpec.builder("-$shortname").description(description)
}
commons2picocli(shortname, details).each { key, value ->
if (builder.hasProperty(key)) {
builder[key] = value
} else if (key != 'opt') { // GROOVY-8607 ignore opt since we already have that
builder.invokeMethod(key, value)
}
}
if (!builder.type() && !builder.arity() && builder.converters()?.length > 0) {
builder.arity("1").type(details.convert ? Object : String[])
}
return builder.build()
}
/** Commons-cli constant that specifies the number of argument values is infinite */
private static final int COMMONS_CLI_UNLIMITED_VALUES = -2
// - argName: String
// - longOpt: String
// - args: int or String
// - optionalArg: boolean
// - required: boolean
// - type: Class
// - valueSeparator: char
// - convert: Closure
// - defaultValue: String
private Map commons2picocli(shortname, Map m) {
if (m.args && m.optionalArg) {
m.arity = "0..${m.args}"
m.remove('args')
m.remove('optionalArg')
}
if (!m.containsKey('defaultValue')) { // GROOVY-9599
m.remove('defaultValue') // don't default the picocli model to empty string
}
def result = m.collectMany { k, v ->
if (k == 'args' && v == '+') {
[[arity: '1..*']]
} else if (k == 'args' && v == 0) {
[[arity: '0']]
} else if (k == 'args') {
v == COMMONS_CLI_UNLIMITED_VALUES ? [[arity: "*"]] : [[arity: "$v"]]
} else if (k == 'optionalArg') {
v ? [[arity: '0..1']] : [[arity: '1']]
} else if (k == 'argName') {
[[paramLabel: "<$v>"]]
} else if (k == 'longOpt') {
acceptLongOptionsWithSingleHyphen ?
[[names: ["-$shortname", "-$v", "--$v"] as String[] ]] :
[[names: ["-$shortname", "--$v"] as String[] ]]
} else if (k == 'valueSeparator') {
[[splitRegex: "$v"]]
} else if (k == 'convert') {
[[converters: [v] as ITypeConverter[] ]]
} else {
[[(k): v]]
}
}.sum() as Map
result
}
}
| 46,288 |
https://github.com/Rupali409/CPP-Questions-and-Solutions/blob/master/CodeChef/Maximise the Subsequence Sum.cpp
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
CPP-Questions-and-Solutions
|
Rupali409
|
C++
|
Code
| 167 | 452 |
// question link :- https://www.codechef.com/START10C/problems/SIGNFLIP/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define N 100005
#define mod 1000000007
#define INF 2147483647
#define ll long long
#define ln "\n"
#define fast() ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0);
using namespace std;
int main()
{
fast();
// d is the number of test cases
int d;
cin>>d;
while(d--)
{
// taking the input from the user
ll n,k;
cin>>n>>k;
// we have declared an array of size n
ll array[n];
ll sum=0;
for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
{
cin>>array[j]; // taking the inputs as an array inside the loop
}
/* Here we have take two parameters, the beginning of the
array , the length n upto which we want the array to
be sorted */
sort(array,array+n);
for(int j=0;j<k;j++)
{
if(array[j]<0) // if the array is negative
{
array[j]=-array[j]; // turning the negative elements into positive one to maximise the sum
}
}
for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(array[j]>0)
{
sum+=array[j]; // total sum
}
}
cout<<sum<<ln; // prints the output
}
}
// This Code is contributed by Adarsh Kumar Singh (Username ----> Fury-MadMax)
| 42,446 |
bpt6k5520708g_11
|
French-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,935 |
Bulletin de la Société des professeurs d'histoire et de géographie de l'enseignement public
|
None
|
French
|
Spoken
| 6,983 | 11,505 |
La Région rhodanienne, avec son « beau fleuve, rapide, majestueux et émouvant », trace une marge opulente. Elle est le lien entre le Nord et le Sud : là s'affrontent l'influence semicontinentale et l'influence méditerranéenne qui lui « assurent un ciel lumineux, une tiédeur et une sécheresse relatives, des modes spéciaux de culture et de vie rurale ». Dans la plaine alluviale, exiguë, les arbres à fruits de toute sorte, puis les riches -cultures intensives, primeurs, betteraves, maïs, blé, luzerneSur les coteaux — les Côtes du Rhône —, un magnifique verger : vignobles réputés, cerisiers, pêchers, abricotiers, puis amandiers et oliviers. Et tout au long, de nombreuses bourgades; quelques-unes sont industrielles avec leurs moulinages et filatures de soie, surtout Cruas, le Teil et Viviers avec leurs carrières ■et leurs fours à chaux et à ciments, de réputation mondiale. Enfin, la région rhodanienne constitue une voie commerciale de premier plan, dont l'importance sera accrue par « l'aménagement du Rhône ». Les derniers chapitres donnent des tableaux détaillés et -complets sur les Voies de communication et le Commerce, les Ressources agricoles, les Industries et leur évolution. Leur lecture laisse l'impression profonde des difficultés à surmonter, de l'opiniâtreté du labeur des habitants. Rareté des bonnes voies, jusque vers le milieu du xix* siècle, fatigues extrêmes sur les vieux chemins de chèvre. Des précisions pittoresques illustrent ce tableau : « Jusque vers 1860, le paysan de Malarce ou Laflgère porte à dos ses châtaignes au marché des Vans, 4 à 5 heures de corvée par de durs sentiers. En 1900 encore, celui de Beaumont fait deux charges de bruyère de 80 kg., porte l'une '3 km., revient chercher l'autre, et ainsi jusqu'à Joyeuse; le même, ou celui de Genestelle, attachent leur porc gras sur une échelle ou un brancard, et le portent à quatre au marché de Joyeuse, d'Antraïgues. De là, pour eux, obligation de vendre a tout prix... » Evidemment, les voies ferrées, un excellent réseau de routes et.de chemins, ont changé tout cela, et l'automobile a prodigieusement accéléré la révolution dans les transports. C'est, avec les traits permanents du pays et de l'habitant, cette évolution' plus rapide aujourd'hui, que l'auteur a essayé de mettre en lumière dans ces derniers chapitres. « Médiocrement pourvu en matières premières et en capitaux, le Vivarais n'a jamais pu et ne peut guère devenir un pays industriel de quelque importance. Il a cependant, à force — 321 — d'application et d'ingéniosité, tiré de ses maigres ressources des résultats plus variés et plus profitables qu'on ne le croirait au premier abord ». Les gisements métallifères, galène, blende, minerai de fer, ne sont plus guère qu'un souvenir; l'industrie de la soie, naguère essentielle, subit une dure crise; de même les cuirs et peaux et la papeterie. Cependant, l'industrie des chaux et ciments, et celle des eaux minérales, sont toujours actives, et Privas demeure la capitale du marron glacé. De menues industries de demi-luxe naissent ici du là. Le tourisme est loin d'avoir atteint son maximum : la mise en valeur du pittoresque Vivàrois « doit être l'un des principaux revenus de ce pays et sa fierté ». En fin de livre, les 62 photos réunies en un magnifique Album donnent les aspects caractéristiques de ce beau pays de Vivarais. Comme conclusion, nous ne saurions mieux faire que répéter les termes dans lesquels M. André Siegfried présentait cet ouvrage à la séance du 17 novembre 1934 de l'Académie des Sciences morales et politiques : « Par de pareilles études, fidèles aux méthodes sérieuses de la géographie française contemporaine, s'établit, peu à peu, un tableau complet et combien utile de la géographie régionale de la France. » L. Baconnier (Privas). Marguerite Bourcet. — Le Jura (Collection Gens et Pays de Chez Nous), 175 pages, 1 carte, 94 hélio-photos, J. de Gigord, Paris (1934). Mlle Bourcet n'a pas voulu écrire un livre d'érudition et pourtant les professeurs d'histoire et de géographie ne sauraient, sans inconvénient, ignorer ce travail. Il ajoute une part certaine à la connaissance de l'âme du monde jurassien. A chaque page, l'homme apparaît en même temps que le paysage. Cette association est voulue et l'auteur a pris soin dès le début (page 5) de nous faire connaître son souci louable de faire oeuvre de géographie humaine : « Il n'est d'intérêt pour l'homme que dans l'homme. Qu'importent les aspects matériels d'une contrée, lorsque l'on reste ignorant de son âme. Ame de la race qui y vit, souffre, aime etmeurt, façonnée à l'image de la terre natale, et repétrissant à son tour la terre à sa propre ressemblance. » Voilà une définition qui n'aurait pas déplu à Jean Brunhes. Je parierais gros que Mlle Bourcet a lu et relu les principaux traités de géographie humaine et même de géographie sans éplthète. La science de l'auteur n'est pas, sévère; modeste, elle a comme la pudeur de s'étaler, elle se cache enveloppée dans un 322 style alerte, nourri de verve, imagé, si vivant que, la lecture^ achevée, le Jura n'est plus une montagne, c'est un être qui vit dans toutes ses parties : des pieds à la tête, du vignoble jusqu'à. la cime des hautes montagnes. Voici p. 123, sur les rivières, un exemple entre mille de cette interprétation humaine et fine des faits constatés : « Cette idée d'une eau capricieuse ayant sa personnalité, ses lubies et assimilée à un être vivant, se retrouve dans tout le Jura d'.une façon curieuse : dans les noms donnés aux rivières, soit en français, soit en patois, et qui souvent rappellent un animal : la Loue (la louve) ; la Serpentine, qui serpente du côté de Champagnole (1); l'Enragé, qui fracasse sa rage sur des rochers du côté de Saint-Claude; le Hérisson qui se brise en une cascade toute piquante et échevelée... Et j'ai gardé pour la fin ce Gravollon, un tout petit ruisseau, mais qui fait l'important et qui bouillonne et qui bourdonne et qui n'est pas seulement capable de porter un bateau, un « gravollon » en patois jurassien, c'est le bruyant et inutile frelon... » Sur le tableau de la vie humaine proprement dite, des touches puissantes et justes. Trois exemples seulement pour ne pas tout citer : Page 5 : « Ce caractère jurassien si solide, si typique... il s'explique doublement' par la terre, par l'histoire. Les Comtois sont bien les fils d'un sol escarpé; ils sont bien les fruits d'une âpre histoire qui n'a été pendant plus de mille ans qu'une montée douloureuse. » Page 104 : « Le premier gradin du Jura embaumait la vigne; le second sent le laitage et le bois taillé. » Page 162 : « Etrange petit pays de la haute montagne. Eglises trapues, ramassées, coiffées bas d'un bulbe de métal; maisons basses elles aussi, tapies contre la terre et comme accroupies...,, grands toits en pente aiguë descendant presque jusqu'au sol, doubles fenêtres hermétiques derrières lesquelles luisent les éclairs rouges des géraniums. » Pour ajouter encore à l'éclat de ce style qui fait impression, l'auteur a choisi avec goût et l'éditeur a reproduit avec art 94 hélio-photos puissamment évocatrices. Ce petit livre est un chef-d'oeuvre. On ne trouve guère à y redire, et les quelques critiques que nous lui adresserons ne songent pas à le diminuer;'mais dans une deuxième édition qui ne saurait tarder, peut-être serait-il bon de supprimer quelques petites erreurs. Nous aimerions la carte-préface plus grande, partant plus complète et plus exacte : le Haut-Jura y prend un aspect fantaisiste de paysage volcanique qui rappelle la chaîne des Puys. Au nord les petites villes de Luxeuil et de Faucogney seront surprises d'être baignées par la rivière la Lenterne. Gray a sa place «sur la rive gauche et non sur la rive droite de la Saône. La zone du vignoble, dénommée dans la légende « étage de la (1) Il serait plus exact de dire du côté de Nozeroy. 323 vigne », est figurée sur la carte aussi largement que la zone des plateaux ou « étage du bois » : le « Bon pays », malheureusement, n'a pas cette ampleur. Cette place exagérée entraîne d'autres erreurs : Amancey n'appartient pas au vignoble. Dans le même ordre d'idées, bien qu'il s'agisse cette fois du texte, il n'est guère permis d'écrire (p. 114) sans déformer la structure du Jura : « La plaisante ville que Champagnole... Sur le même plateau, une autre ville est le royaume du bois : Saint-Claude, le paradis des pipes. » Non, Saint-Claude n'appartient pas à la zone du plateau de Champagnole. Bien que moins élevée, à une altitude moyenne de 400 m. contre 550 à Champagnole, elle appartient déjà sans conteste à la zone fortement plissée de la haute montagne. Mlle Bourcet a été un peu embarrassée pour délimiter la zone du Jura et nous le comprenons. En bonne Franc-comtoise, elle aurait voulu embrasser toute la Franche-Comté, mais elle a vu (p. 114) que la coïncidence Jura, Franche-Comté serait un peu forcée : « Je m'en suis tenu aux limites naturelles... Que ceux de la Comté dont je ne parlerai pas veuillent me faire la grâce de m'absoudre d'avance. Je négligerai l'extrême nord de la plaine, la Haute-Saône. » Fort bien, encore que le mot plaine ne soit pas très exact. Pour justifier cet abandon, Mlle Bourcet donne deux raisons : « D'abord parce que si, historiquement, elle fait corps avec la Franche-Comté, elle me paraît, géographiquement, s'apparenter plus aux Vosges qu'au Jura... et ensuite parce que je la connais mal. » Cette seconde raison toute de probité intellectuelle est bonne; la première est discutable au moins en partie. Car, cette parenté de la Haute-Saône avec les Vosges n'est vraie que pour l'arrondissement de Lure, mais pour • ce qui est des plateaux calcaires entre Doubs et Ognon et entre Ognon et Saône, soit près des deux tiers du département, la géologie et la géographie les rattachent au Jura. Ceci dit, nous ne ferons rien pour enlever à Mlle Bourcet la grâce d'absolution qu'elle implore. Nous voudrions tourner la page 114 et pourtant un léger scrupule nous retient. Nous ne contesterons pas « l'azur sans défaut » du ciel de Champagnole, car Dieu merci, sur ce plateau de 500 à 600 mètres d'altitude ceint de sapinières, l'air pur circule librement, mais nous ne pouvons laisser écrire : « Ville d'industrie sans fumée, où la seule odeur dégagée est un sain et charmant parfum de bois. » Car si Champagnole est fière de son air pur et de ses scieries, elle ne l'est pas moins de ses importants fours à chaux et à ciment qui s'alimentent au flanc ouest du Mont Rivel et de ses aciéries au four électrique, ressources sans lesquelles Champagnole ne serait pas devenue une « ville industrielle » de 4.500 habitants. Page 123, nous avons découvert contre toute attente un peu d'imprécision : « La plus bizarre fantaisie préside au tracé de leurs parcours et il faudrait d'érudits commentaires géologiques pour expliquer comment telle rivière (la Loue par exemple) n'est 324 qu'un emprunt prélevé sur une autre rivière et émergeant (sic} à la surface après un long et mystérieux cheminement souterrain. » Il suffirait de dire, après les études géologiques du professeur Fournier, que la source de la Loue n'est qu'une résurgence des eaux du Doubs perdues dans les fissures du calcaire de leur lit entre Pontarlier et Morte au. Passons. Cette fois, p. 138, une erreur sur un point d'histoire : « Méfiance envers les choses : plus encore envers les gens. Le temps n'est plus sans doute où les horlogers de Besançon, voyant s'installer chez eux des Suisses, également virtuoses de l'horlogerie, s'écriaient sans plus de formalité : « C'est des Suisses ? Qu'on les pende ! » Nous croyons, après Henri Bouchot (1), Lucien Febvre (2) et Georges Gazier(3), que l'horlogerie n'existait pas à Besançon avant l'arrivée des Suisses et de Mégevant, vers 1793-94. Au panorama incomparable dont on jouit des cols de SaintCergue et de la Faucille : « les Alpes de Savoie, le Mont Blancr la Barre des Ecrins », Mlle Bourcet aurait pu ajouter (p. 174) POberland occidental, le tout formant un cadre grandiose au miroir du lac de Genève. In fine : Ceux qui, au bord d'un éperon rocheux, regarderont fuir à l'horizon la Bresse bleuâtre et douce, infinie comme la mer... » Et pour appeler ce beau rêve,. dès la page précédente (p. 173), une photographie, la seule peutêtre qui ne s'adapte pas au texte, car « A la Faucille » on ne verra jamais se dérouler « à l'horizon la Bresse bleuâtre et douce » qui vous tourne le dos très loin à 60 kil. masquée par toute l'épaisseur du Jura. Pour donner au lecteur cette vision de la plaine « infinie comme la mer », il fallait reproduire la vue, sans cesse répétée, qui s'étale vers l'Ouest du haut de Château-Chalon ou de Montaigu ou d'un culmen quelconque du Revermont ou même du Mont Roland, ce qui aurait permis à Mlle Bourcet, trop modeste, d'évoquer à la fois sa petite patrie doloise et ce merveilleux témoin d'âge primaire, le massif de la Serre, qui vit naître et grandir son cher « vieux Jura ». Malgré ces petits défauts, le livre de Mlle Bourcet reste excellent. Il nous apporte, dans un style agréable, des vues nettes sur des points d'histoire et de géographie, de folklore, des pays comtois. Il doit être lu avec ceux d'Henry Bouchot, Lucien Febbre et Georges Gazier, plus anciens mais toujours solides, si l'on veut comprendre l'âme "de la Comté en « ce qu'elle a d'original et d'émouvant ». Marcel Lanoir. Gaëtan Bernoville. — Le pays des Basques. Paris, s. d., Collection « Gens et Pays de chez nous » (J. de Gigord). (1) Henry BOUCHOT : ha Franche-Comté. Pion, 1904, p. 12. (2) Lucien FEBVRE : Histoire de Franche-Comté. Bolvin, 1912, T>. 250. (3) Georges GAZIEK : La Franche-Comté (Collection les Provinces françaises). Laurens, 1914, p. 106. — 325 Depuis que la côte basque a été mise à la mode par l'impératrice Eugénie, le Basque est en vogue et le snobisme s'en est mêlé. De là les innombrables chalets pseudo-basques qui déshonorent les stations balnéaires et les banlieues urbaines; de là cette attribution exclusive aux Basques de moeurs et d'usages qui ne leur sont nullement particuliers, tel le béret basque, qui est fort ancien dans toutes les Pyrénées et les Landes, et se fabrique à Oloron, quand ce n'est pas dans les Vosges, le linge basque qui est tissé en Béarn, les meubles basques qui viennent de Coarraze, voire l'etche basque, qui se retrouve hors du pays basque, comme l'a pertinemment montré Th. Lefèbvre. Il y a quelques mois l'Illustration, publiant des chansons enfantines, reproduisait la chanson gasconne de Yan petit, avec le texte basque (!). Je ne parle que pour mémoire de l'opéra Perkain le Basque, écrit à la gloire du pays basque, et où tous les airs populaires étaient béarnais, y compris la chanson du « ver dur et », dont le refrain commence par : « Ossau, mes amours »; l'Ossau n'est tout de même pas basque. Il est d'usage, quand on parle des Basques, de prendre le ton lyrique et le mode admiratif, et les auteurs arrivent ainsi à rendre odieuse une paisible population de paysans, de pasteurs et de pêcheurs, qui ne le mérite certes pas. Nous aurions aimé pouvoir dire que l'ouvrage de M. B. échappe à ce défaut, nous sommes bien obligés d'avouer qu'il y a encore, à côté d'une connaissance approfondie du pays basque, beaucoup trop de concessions au goût régnant. Que M. B. admire le traditionnalisme basque, fût-ce en l'exagérant quelque peu, c'est son droit absolu; mais, quand, dans une méditation à la Barrés, il prétend proposer le pays basque en exemple au reste de la France, le Gascon rejimbe. Et puis, quand il veut montrer un type de ce personnage spécifiquement basque qu'est le curé basque, pourquoi cite-t-il un prêtre dont le nom est aussi peu basque que celui du vénérable chanoine Abadie ? Cela dit, reconnaissons dans cet ouvrage une description assez exacte de certains coins et des moeurs du pays basque; tout cela est bien quelque peu embelli, mais après tout M. B. est homme de lettres, et non géographe; le panégyrique des moeurs basques est sans doute parfois bien systématique, mais enfin, libre à nous d'en prendre et d'en laisser. L'illustration est très belle et le plus souvent intéressante; j'aime moins les extraits de films qui nous montrent par exemple les contrebandiers surpris par les douaniers (p. 67); je doute que les uns et les autres, si c'était pour de bon, aient mis tant de complaisance à se prêter à la prise de vues; cela sent le truqué, et, pour tout dire, le cinéma. La collection « Gens et Pays de chez nous » se recommande d'ailleurs par son bon marché; on trouverait difficilement chez d'autres éditeurs l'équivalent, comme texte et illustration, pour le prix de douze francs. Paul Arqué. — 326 — Maurice Lanoire. — Le Bordelais. Paris, s. d. Collection ■« Gens et Pays de chez nous » (J. de Gigord). Bien que M. L. ne soit pas géographe de profession, son ouvrage peut rendre des services à la géographie; l'auteur sait observer et concrétiser ses observations. Il y a bien çà et là quelques allusions d'ordre politique ou social que le lecteur peut ne pas approuver; j'avoue que je ne vois pas l'utilité d'un double rappel, dans un ouvrage sur le Bordelais, des dévastations allemandes pendant la dernière guerre. Je ne partage pas du tout la manière de voir de l'auteur en ce qui concerne les Chartrons, qu'il considère comme la fleur, la quintessence, le « sel » de la cité, alors qu'ils n'y constituent qu'une minorité infime, voir un élément étranger, comme l'auteur le montre lui-même, étranger par son origine, étranger par sa vie quotidienne, ses occupations, ses distractions. La ville de Bordeaux ne me paraît pas découronnée par la disparition du mailcoach et de la trompette du marquis Cadiche Prom et l'administration municipale ne me semble nullement avoir périclité depuis qu'elle a échappé à l'aristocratie des armateurs et des marchands de vin. Ces réserves faites, il n'est que juste de reconnaître que M. L. a su, dans un style élégant sans affectation, faire ressortir les aspects variés du Bordelais : la ville, avec le contraste de la Rousselle et des Chartrons, le vignoble, la lande, la mer; il a notamment, dans un très remarquable chapitre, montré l'originalité de la région bazadaise dans le pays girondin. Il a campé un certain nombre de types spécifiquement bordelais; son « homme d'affaires », intendant du vignoble pour le compte du propriétaire, nous fait regretter qu'il n'ait pas dessiné cette autre silhouette pittoresque, le « maître de chai ». On trouvera dans ce livre des renseignements précis et précieux sur les origines d'Arcachon, le métayage bazadais, etc. En somme livre utile, de lecture agréable, et illustré avec goût et discernement. Paul Arqué. Fallon (Val.). — La population belge et son avenir, in-4°, 41 p. gravures 1934, Bruxelles, Ligue des Familles nombreuses de Belgique (125, rue du Trône). ID. La structure de la population belge, in-8°, 4 p. et 2 graphiques, 1933, Louvain, Fr. Centerick (66, rue Vital-Decoster). Extr. des Annales de la Société scientifique de Bruxelles, série Dt. LUI. ID. Les communes belges le plus gravement atteintes par la dénatalité, in-8°, 15 p., 1934, Louvain. Ibid. Extr. des Annales... t. LIV. On trouvera un compte rendu plus détaillé de ces brochures dans la Revue d'Economie Politique et il suffira de signaler ici l'intérêt qu'elles présentent pour notre enseigne — 327 — ment. La situation démographique de la France commence à être connue d'un certain nombre de gens — non certes de la majorité des hommes, même instruits, dont l'ignorance sur ce chapitre resfe prodigieuse. Mais la situation de notre pays est exceptionnelle, car il a présenté depuis longtemps une natalité réduite. Au contraire, la Belgique offre le cas bien plus fréquent de la baisse brusque d'une natalité jadis forte. Les conséquences actuelles de cette baisse, les prévisions qu'elle entraîne sont exposées ici de façon claire et frappante, surtout dans la première brochure. Tout ce qui est dit ici de la Belgique s'applique à l'Allemagne, avec en plus une conséquence qu'on n'a pas assez marquée. L'Allemagne a aujourd'hui une très forte proportion d'hommes de 20 à 35 ans, nés de 1900 à 1914, parce que sa natalité était alors bien plus forte qu aujourd'hui. Cette prépondérance des jeunes explique les caractères moraux et politiques de l'Allemagne actuelle, le mouvement hitlérien, les protestations contre le traité de Versailles et les menaces contre la paix de l'Europe. Mais dans vingt ou trente ans ces jeunes hommes auront atteint la maturité, ou approcheront de la vieillesse. C'est aux vieilles classes qu'appartiendra la prépondérance, tandis que les jeunes seront peu nombreux : ce seront les enfants d'aujourd'hui, nés en moitié moins grand nombre qu'il y a trente ans. L'Allemagne sera en décadence. Elle ne songera plus à dénier le droit de disposer d'eux-mêmes aux peuples qu'elle a jadis opprimés. On se demande souvent si le présent statut territorial de l'Europe pourra être maintenu indéfiniment ' malgré l'opposition allemande. On devrait se demander s'il pourra être maintenu encore vingt ans, car si la réponse est affirmative, comme nous le croyons, il pourra être maintenu aussi loin que les prévisions peuvent s'étendre. Qu'on excuse cette disgression propre à montrer les conséquences de toute sorte des faits démographiques. Jean Bourdon. J. Despois. — Le Djebel Nefousa (Tripolitaine). Etude géographique, 1 vol. in-8° de 325 p., avec 17 planches photographiques, 3 cartes hors texte, 29 figures et croquis (Paris, Larose, 1935). Notre collègue M. Jean Despois, professeur au Lycée Carnot (Tunis), 'àent de soutenir très brillamment ses thèses de doctorat, dont la principale porte sur le Djebel Nefousa. Familier des choses d'Afrique du Nord, M. Despois [qui a déjà publié un volume sur la Tunisie (Larousse 1931) oublié dans la bibliographie du dernier Bulletin^ nous donne une étude régionale remarquable, la meilleure, de loin, de celles — plutôt rares — ayant paru sur le Maghreb. Conçue selon les méthodes de l'école géographique française, elle débute par l'étude du milieu naturel, où l'auteur recherche une explication au problème suivant : pourquoi et 328 comment, dans ces montagnes arides de Tripolitaine, vit une population nombreuse, très originale et très différente par la langue et la religion des Arabes ? M. Despois insiste fortement sur le caractère'montagneux de la région qu'il étudie. Le Djebel Nefousa est en effet « la partie centrale du croissant montagneux dont les cornes touchent Gabès et Leptis ». Allongé sur 200 kms de l'W à l'E, large de 20, haut de 600 à 800 m., il s'oppose aux vastes étendues plates de la Djefarra qu'il domine vers le N, et au plateau doucement mamelonné du Dahar vers le S, continué par la Guibla prédésertique. Montagne un peu particulière en vérité : il s'agit d'un relief monoclinal, d'une « cuesta », rebord orienté au N., de la cuvette saharienne. Sa structure est d'une grande simplicité : une épaisse corniche de calcaire turonien dur couronne — et protège — une masse considérable, sans grande consistance, de marnes et argiles du cénomanien inférieur et de l'albien. La « côte », très festonnée par des vallées profondes séparées d'éperons abrupts, s'explique par l'érosion fluviale et en tenant compte d'un changement de climat plus ou moins ancien; mais la morphologie' actuelle parait être le résultat d'une évolution complexe, au cours de laquelle se sont enchevêtrés cycles climatiques et cycles d'érosion. Une formation superficielle — qui n'est pas la seule d'ailleurs — attire le regard par son ton rosé : la terre « hamri », terre sablonneuse, assez pauvre, d'origine éolienne, formant presque l'unique sol cultivable du djebel. Fait très important : la terre « hamri » couvre de grands espaces plats dans le Nefousa oriental, tandis qu'elle manque à peu près totalement dans le Nefousa occidental : première opposition entre l'W et l'E 1 du Djebel, qui s'opposeront aussi par leur climat, c'est-à-dire par leur économie et leur peuplement. Ce relief a une influence considérable sur le climat et la végétation, de par son interposition entre Méditerranée et Sahara : « le Nefousa doit à son relief de n'être pas un désert ». Les pluies en effet ne font pas défaut, mais elles ne dépassent jamais 250%, à l'E, 150% à l'W; en outre elles tombent en averses furieuses. Ce régime pluviométrique, le terrible « guibli » saharien, les températures très élevées maigre l'altitude, font néanmoins de la montagne « une annexe du Sahara ». De la sécheresse, découle un problème de l'eau : problème grave, car toute la vie en dépend. Or les conditions hydrostatique sont assez défavorables : quatre nappes hydrostatiques donnent plusieurs lignes de sources, de plus en plus nombreuse de l'W vers l'E. Malheureusement, leur débit est faible : quelques litres à la minute, à quelques exceptions près; pourquoi ? parce que le ruissellement est très fort sur les terrains en majorité imperméables. Les Nefousa devront s'ingénier à utiliser ces eaux de ruissellement pour leurs cultures, car l'irrigation est très difficile... L'étude du milieu naturel se clôt par un chapitre sur le paysage végétal, très ravagé du reste par les bêtes (chèvres et chameaux, surtout) et par les hommes. Ce paysage botanique est « un véritable enchevêtrement de formations et d'es — 329 — pèces maritimes, steppiques et sahariennes ». De l'W à l'E, on passe des steppes prédésertiques aux steppes maritimes, à une végétation méditerranéenne de plus en plus étendue". Partout, se note un contraste entre steppe à alfa, steppe à asphodèle, garrigue méditerranéenne plus ou moins maigre et la végétation exubérante auprès des sources, annonçant le contraste entre oasis et désert. Cette partie physique occupe un tiers environ de la thèse : toujours y apparaît le souci de préparer l'explication des phénomènes économiques et humains du Djebel. L'étude des « Modes de vie » et de « L'habitat actuel et l'habitat ancien » tait l'objet des II" et III" parties de l'ouvrage. Nous ne pouvons ici même pas donner une idée de l'analyse minutieuse à laquelle se livre l'auteur. Cette analyse constitue — à mon sens — la partie la plus intéressante, la plus curieuse, la plus ingénieuse aussi du livre. Voici quelques-unes des conclusions essentielles qui s'en dégagent : 1) Les Nefousa ont une économie qui associe les steppes voisines de la Djeffara et du Dahar au Djebel : cette association est une nécessité géographique indiscutable. Dans le Djebel, ils pratiquent l'arboriculture, comme le font tous les villageois d'Afrique du Nord : oliviers, figuiers et palmiers sont les trois arbres caractéristiques. Disséminés partout, ils s'étendent cependant en forêt (forêt d'oliviers surtout) à l'E, sur la terre « hamri » : l'E possède 6 fois plus d'arbres que l'W... La Djeffara est la zone de culture des céréales (blé et orge), culture des plus aléatoires, pratiquée sur les fonds alluviaux des oueds, des « garaa », et des « bahira »... Le Dahar et une partie de la Guibla offrent en hiver et*au printemps d'immenses étendues aux troupeaux, qui, en été, .broutent les chaumes de la Djeffara. Ces troupeaux comprennent un grand nombre de moutons barbarins (moutons a grosse queue), des chèvres, quelques têtes de gros bétail (bovins, chameaux, ânes et chevaux). L'augmentation du nombre des têtes de l'W à l'E souligne l'opposition climatique et végétale entre Djebel occidental et Djebel oriental. 2) C'est l'histoire qui, seule, explique la forte unité humaine de la région : le Djebel Nefousa, — dont la moitié orientale est à peu près trois fois plus peuplée que la moitié occidentale — a été une zone-refuge pour les Berbères. Aujourd'hui cependant, on y distingue « Arabes » et « Berbères »; en fait, il s'agit surtout de deux groupes qui diffèrent par la langue et la religion. Aux Berbères, musulmans ibâdites et berbérophones, s'opposent les « Arabes » qui sont en grosse majorité des Berbères arabisés, c'est-à-dire musulmans, orthodoxes, de rite malékite, et arabophones, — les autres « Arabes » étant des nomades (berbères ou arabes) installés dans la montagne. Ces deux populations, à peu près égales en nombre, vivent côte-à-côte, en étrangères... Leur opposition se traduit sur le plan économique : le Berbère est un montagnard, un « paysan »; 1' « Arabe » est plutôt un bédouin. 3) De l'économie agricole, associant obligatoirement Djebel — 330 Djeffara-Dahar, résulte à peu près fatalement un genre de vie semi-nomade. Le rythme des travaux (labours et ramassage des olives* « époque du lait », moisson, « époque des figues ») entraîne les Nefousa loin de chez eux et les contraint à vivre un bon tiers de l'année hors du village : ce sont des « nomades à court rayon de déplacement ». 4) Ces semi-nomades sont pourtant des villageois. Leurs maisons sont des plus variées et des plus curieuses : greniers fortifiés ou gaor (équivalent de ksar) constitués par un empilement de « ghorfas » où l'on met en sécurité les provisions quand on s'absente, — maisons où les pièces s'ordonnent autour d'une cour comme dans tout pays musulman, — habitations troglodytes qui se multiplient de nos jours « parce que la grotte coûte moins cher que la maison », tentes et gourbis enfin... La position des villages a été conditionnée par les événements historiques et les nécessités géographiques : l'insécurité les a obligés à se percher, mais il faut avoir l'eau à proximité et demeurer « dans la zone arboricole, plus ou moins à mi-chemin des terrains de la Djeffara et du Dahar ». Ces villages n'ont pas toujours occupé les sites actuels : à partir du XIe siècle, (invasion des Hilaliens et des Solayms) ils se sont déplacés en hauteur, surtou dans l'W, qui était auparavant un pays de villages de vallées (seules zones de culture), ou horizontalement à l'E, pays de villages de plateau (à cause de la terre « hamri »). De là le nombre considérable de ruines. L'étude attentive des déplacements des villages et des ruines, confirme l'impression générale de décadence que donne le pays. Elle révèle notamment que le Nefousa, encore surpeuplé, avait, avant le XP siècle, une population plus nombreuse que la population actuelle. N'en serait-il pas de même pour les autres montagnes-refuges de 4'Afrique du Nord ? Ainsi se trouverait infirmée l'opinion courante qui veut que ces montagnes aient été surpeuplées par suite des grandes invasions hilaliennes. L'ouvrage se termine par une IV partie intitulée « Les transformations de l'économie et du peuplement » où sont groupés « en un essai de synthèse les résultats partiels obtenus par l'analyse aussi poussée que possible » faite dans les chapitres précédents, et où sont retracées les vicissitudes du pays de 1911 à 1924, date de l'établissement définitif de la paix italienne. Trois cartes hors texte, 17 planches photographiques permettent de suivre avec fruit M. Despois, de Nalout à Djado, Yéfren et à tous les villages qu'il a lui-même visités... Une thèse est trop souvent difficile à lire : celle-ci fait exception. Aussi en recommanderai-je vivement la lecture aux étudiants d'agrégation qui y trouveront, en plus d'une magistrale étude sur le Djebel Nefousa, maints renseignements intéressant les régions voisines, notamment toute la Tripolitaine septentrionale (dont il est donné une carte des pluies) et le Sud-Tunisien. Marcel Calvet. — 331 — Jean Despois. — La colonisation italienne en Libye : problèmes et méthodes. Un vol. in-8°. Larose, Paris 1935. Tous ceux qui s'intéressent à la géographie humaine et plus particulièrement aux questions de colonisation liront avec profit le livre précis et documenté que M. Despois vient de présenter en Sorbonne comme thèse complémentaire. Les possessions de l'Italie en Afrique du Nord comprennent deux grandes régions que séparent plusieurs centaines de kilomètres de déserts et qui se distinguent par certains caractères physiques et humains. La Tripolitaine colonisable se présente sous la forme d'une plaine steppique, aux pluies très médiocres, aux sols relativement peu exigeants en eau, en partie /imitée vers l'intérieur par le massif du Djebel Nefousa. La Cyrénaïque est constituée par des plateaux karstiques d'altitude variée, suffisamment arrosés, assez boisés, aux sources très abondantes, mais rares. Par suite des conditions naturelles, c'est donc en face de problèmes différents que la colonisation italienne s'est trouvée en présence dans les deux territoires en question. Tandis qu'en Tripolitaine ce sont des problèmes d'ensemble qu'il faut résoudre, la Cyrénaïque, par la variété de son relief et de ses aptitudes naturelles, exige des solutions régionales. En Tripolitaine, sur l'initiative du Comte Volpi, nommé gouverneur en 1921, les Italiens entreprirent d'abord le système de la colonisation économique, c'est-à-dire la mise en valeur du sol par des capitalistes aidés d'une main-d'oeuvre indigène, la petite colonisation n'étant pratiquée que dans la banlieue de Tripoli. Mais, à partir de 1928, le gouvernement fasciste décide d'appliquer, dans les possessions d'Afrique, un nouveau système. Alors, sous la direction des gouverneurs de Bono, puis Badoglio, l'Italie entreprend la colonisation démographique. La Tripolitaine doit devenir une colonie de peuplement grâce à l'établissement, aux frais de l'Etat, de petits colons. Il s'agit de faire de la colonie une nouvelle province italienne, comme un prolongement de la métropole. Cette petite colonisation progresse rapidement, liée à la pratique de cultures arbustives comme celles de l'olivier, de la vigne, de. l'amandier, les céréales et l'élevage ne jouant qu'un rôle secondaire, tandis que les cultures maraîchères et fruitières se développent dans les environs immédiats de Tripoli. En Cyrénaïque, plus tardivement pacifiée, les conditions semblent beaucoup plus favorables au peuplement. Ici la colonisation a été entreprise de façon originale par 1' « Ente », organisme doté de l'autonomie financière et administrative et chargé d'installer des familles paysannes sur les plateaux verdoyants et arrosés du Djebel Akhdar. L'extension progressive de ce régime à l'ensemble de la Libye vient d'être récemment envisagée. Telles sont les solutions adoptées par l'Italie fasciste dans ses possessions Nord-Africaines. Il est encore trop tôt pour apprécier les résultats, et les méthodes employées subiront peut — 332 — être encore d'importantes retouches. Remercions M. Despois de nous avoir donné sur ces intéressants problèmes de colonisation un livre riche de faits et d'idées, dont il importe de souligner l'esprit de rigoureuse impartialité, ce qui n'est pas, tant s'en faut, l'un de ses moindres mérites. J. Niel (Tunis). Fernand Maurette. — Tour de Pacifique. Un vol. 224 p. in-16° Paris, Hachette, 1934, 12 frs. Sous ce titre un peu trop vaste, il ne s'agit guère ici, au retour d'un rapide voyage semi-officiel, que d'observations d'ordre économique et social sur la Chine et sur l'Empire japonais. Mais elles sont l'oeuvre d'un esprit alerte et délié entre tous, aussi habile à pénétrer d'un coup d'oeil les réalités qu'à manier les chiffres; et elles sont présentées en un raccourci si ferme, si substantiel, et fondées sur une information si large et si sûre — avec, ça et là, quelques touches de pittoresque vivant — que ce petit volume se lit avec intérêt et retient l'attention. Voici d'abord un aperçu sur le présent et l'avenir de l'énorme Chine. Elle contient 1/5" de l'humanité, et pourtant son commerce extérieur n'atteint même pas le 50e du total mondial; pourtant de 1927 à 1933, malgré les guerres intestines et la demi-anarchie où elle se débat, elle a doublé son réseau routier moderne, et Changhaï constitue une agglomération de 3 millions 1/2 d'hommes, qui, dans dix ans, en comptera sans doute 5 ou 6. L'avenir prochain de cette fourmilière humaine semble résider dans une transformation de l'agriculture, à la fois d'ordre social (division des grands domaines oisifs, accès à la propriété de la plupart des fermiers aujourd'hui obérés) et d'ordre technique (amélioration du rendement) — aussi dans un développement modéré de la grande inlustrie se concentrant dans les grands ports et dans les régions miniC-es. La deuxième partie, consacrée au Japon, bien qu'à peine plus étendue, est beaucoup plus explicite. Pour commencer, quelques données statistiques frappantes : une densité démographique presque double de celle de la Chine (176 contre 80); un excédent annuel des naissances d'un million; développement de deux agglomérations géantes : TokioYokohama et Osaka-Kobé, qui comptent, l'une et l'autre, 5 millions d'habitants. Grâce au perfectionnement rapide de ses procédés de culture et à l'extension de ses pêcheries (presque la moitié de la pêche mondiale), grâce aussi à la sobriété et à l'alimentation savamment dirigée de ses peuples, cet Empire surpeuplé suffit cependant à sa consommation. Sa supériorité industrielle présente tient avant tout du triomphe d'une technique mécanique, plus « jeune » aujourd'hui que celle de l'Amérique, renforcée de certaines améliorations ingénieuses de détail qui, outre leur valeur intrinsèque, permettent une adaptation plus parfaite aux conditions particulières de la main-d'oeuvre nipponne — le tout servi par une concentration progressive et — 333 — rationnelle des entreprises. Les qualités d'initiative d'un personnel industriel tle jour en jour plus entraîné y sont aussi pour quelque chose; mais l'auteur estime que l'explication par une sorte de dumping social est inadéquate; les chefs de la classe ouvrière là-bas en repoussent le soupçon comme une injure, et, s'il existe une certaine exploitation abusive de travailleurs réduits à un niveau de vie inférieur, c'est bien plutôt, selon M. Maurette, le fait des petits ateliers domestiques, qui représentent, il est vrai, encore les 3/5° de la production. Dans les grandes usines, les salaires assurent une existence sans doute très simple, mais honorable, et les centaines de milliers de jeunes filles de 16 à 20 ans qui, entre l'enfance et le mariage, peuplent les manufactures, n'auront pas à regretter leur passage « dans le paradis des dortoirs fleuris » : l'esprit familial éclairé qui anime le grand patronat leur aura été moins dur que celui plus étroit qui régnait trop souvent au foyer paternel. Quant à cette fameuse exportation japonaise qui déferle sur tant de marchés, elle ne forme guère plus, en 1933, que 3 % du commerce mondial : il est vrai que la part de la France est inférieure à 8 %, et qu'en 1929 l'Empire du Soleil Levant se contentait de 1,4 %. G. Weulersse. LIVRES REÇUS A. Demangeon et Ch. Gudin. — Paris et le département de la Seine. 1 vol. in-4°, 24 p. Paris, Bourrelier, 1934; 2 fr. 80. Abrégé scolaire de l'ouvrage plus important signalé Bulletin n" 81, p. 131. Henri Boucau. — France et Colonies Françaises. Classe de Première. Paris, Hatier, 1935 (Collection Jean Brunhes). COTISATIONS 1934-35 reçues du 31 décembre 1934 au 20 février 1935 en dehors des Nouveaux Membres MM. Adicéani, Allix, Ancel, Andral, Mlle Appert (15), MM. Audierne, Auzelet (15), Assada (15), Aymard., MM. Balagny (15), Béchalen (15), Bechtold, Bernard (Jean), — 334 — Bessière, Bézut (15)*, Bidault, Birot J. (15), Birot P. (15), Bordon (15), Boulmier (10), Mlle Boyer (15), M. Bréhier (15). MM. Capot-Rey (11), Chardonnet (15), Chatelard, Chassigneux (36), Clauzel, Choillot, Chrétien (15), Mlle Crétin (11), MM. Contamine, Coornaert, Croix. MM. Dégremont (15), Mme Degouy, Mlle Derrier (15), M. Desplanques (15), Mlle R. Dubos (15). MM. Eisenmann (15), Espointour, Mlle Evrard. M. Fardel (15), Mlle Fauque (50), Mlle Fernand (15), MM. Franc, Francillon. Mme Gallois, Mlle Gaudin (11), MM. Gossez (24), Grenu, Grosdidier, Grospefrin (11). M. Hamiaux (15). Mlle Jacq (15), Mlle Jouve (24). MM. Kapès (25), Kuntz. M. Lamalle, Mlle Laroche (15), Mlle Lascombe, M. Lasne (15), Mlle Lefèvre (20), M. Lestra, Mme Loeb (15), M. Luxembourg (15). Mlle Madiot (15), Mlle Mahey, MM. Mahias, Marciel (15), Maréchal (Mamers), Mlle Marques (15), Mlle Masson (15), MM. Mastier (15), Ménain (15), Mlle Maury (15), MM. Moulin, Monnet, Mme Moine, M. Montapagano (15). M. Nouvel. M. Oger. Mme Parriel, Mme Pauleau-Javaugues (30), Mme Petit, Mlle Pierrel (15), MM. Pichon (15), Pinton, Pic (15), Mlle Plésent (11), MM. Porchet, Proutier (15). Mme Roux (15), MM. Rousset (15), Ruayres (15), Rudolf. M. Schoeffer (10), Mlle Soubayrolles (10), Mme Surugue (15). M. Tapie, Mlle Texier, M. Testoz, Mlle Thomas (VictorDuruy, 15), M. Tramond, M. Turlot, Mme Turlot. M. Uhry (24). Mlle Vannier. MM. Weulersse (Jacques, 15), Zanetto. REGIONALES Besançon Mlle Chaton, Mme Dureuil, M. Mugnier-Pollet, Mme Mu, gnier-Pollet, Mlle Speckel, M. Villat (tous à 11 fr.). Dijon M. Mann (14). Lille M. Abraham (11), Mlle Conia (13), Mlle Dupont (11), MM. Harmand (11), Huberdeaux (11), Jaffres (11), Lecompt (11), Pilant (13), Thomas (11). — 335 — Montpellier Mlle Boncal, Mme Boussely, MM. Caudrillier, Dupont; Mlle Dussol, Mlle Gélain, Mlle Genestet, MM. Laurenties, Pont, Thomas (tous à 11 fr.). Nancy M. Bulard, Mlle Petitcolas (à 11 fr.). Rennes M. Corgne (11), Fauvel (14), Muzet (14), Mlle Spindler (11), M. Tostivint (14). Strasbourg MM. Baulig, Ehret, Mme Etienne, M. Godechot, Mme Letalon, MM. Lefebvre, Lhuillier, Maurer, Marbach, Pariset, Simon, Werner (tous à 11 fr.). Tunis La Régionale a fait parvenir 154 fr. sans les noms des sociétaires. M. Marcel Calvet est prié d'envoyer au plus tôt à la trésorière la liste des membres ayant versé leur cotisation à la Régionale de Tunis. ADDITION ET ERRATUM — Dans le.n° 81, p. 33, ajouter à la liste des admissibles à l'Agrégation masculine, celle des sous-admissibles : MM. Augrand, Arnollet, Boudot, Brelot, Champion, Chevalier, Chèvre, Mlle Demongeot, MM. Dufey, Dupouy, Ebersolt, Ferry, Giraud, Loirette, Luxembourg, Maréchal, Masure!, Mlle Mégray, MM. Miège, Niderst, Pierrein, Portai, Pradalié, Sander, Thouvenin. — Dans le n° 82, intervertir la ligne 29 de la page 194 avec la ligne 23 de la page 198. POST-SCRIPTUM Les Bureaux de la Société des Professeurs d'Histoire, de laSociété d'Histoire Moderne, et le Groupe des Etudiants d'Histoire de la Sorbonne ont pris, d'un commun accord, l'initiative d'ouvrir — 336— une souscription pour offrir à M. PAGES, à l'occasion de sa récente élection à l'Institut, un souvenir qui lui témoigne l'affection de ses Collègues, de ses Elèves et de ses Amis. Prière d'envoyer les souscriptions à M. Albert GIRARD, 69, av. de Villiers, Paris 17". Pour la Publicité dans ce Bulletin, s'adresser exclusivement à Mme H. Lussagnet, 2, rue Georges de Porto-Riche, Paris, 14". Téléphone : GLAcière 32-50. A. BREGER, Imprimeur-Gérant. A. BREGER Frères, Imp. 9, rue Thénard, Paris (Ve).
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https://github.com/9peso/gherkin/blob/master/java/src/main/java/gherkin/lexer/Hi.java
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference, MIT
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gherkin
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9peso
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Java
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Code
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// line 1 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
package gherkin.lexer;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import gherkin.lexer.Lexer;
import gherkin.lexer.Listener;
import gherkin.lexer.LexingError;
public class Hi implements Lexer {
// line 150 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
private final Listener listener;
public Hi(Listener listener) {
this.listener = listener;
}
// line 26 "java/src/main/java/gherkin/lexer/Hi.java"
private static byte[] init__lexer_actions_0()
{
return new byte [] {
0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1,
5, 1, 6, 1, 7, 1, 8, 1, 9, 1, 10, 1,
11, 1, 12, 1, 13, 1, 16, 1, 17, 1, 18, 1,
19, 1, 20, 1, 21, 1, 22, 1, 23, 2, 2, 18,
2, 3, 4, 2, 13, 0, 2, 14, 15, 2, 17, 0,
2, 17, 1, 2, 17, 16, 2, 17, 19, 2, 18, 6,
2, 18, 7, 2, 18, 8, 2, 18, 9, 2, 18, 10,
2, 18, 16, 2, 20, 21, 2, 22, 0, 2, 22, 1,
2, 22, 16, 2, 22, 19, 3, 4, 14, 15, 3, 5,
14, 15, 3, 11, 14, 15, 3, 12, 14, 15, 3, 13,
14, 15, 3, 14, 15, 18, 3, 17, 0, 11, 3, 17,
14, 15, 4, 2, 14, 15, 18, 4, 3, 4, 14, 15,
4, 17, 0, 14, 15, 5, 17, 0, 11, 14, 15
};
}
private static final byte _lexer_actions[] = init__lexer_actions_0();
private static short[] init__lexer_key_offsets_0()
{
return new short [] {
0, 0, 12, 13, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
31, 33, 44, 45, 46, 48, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 74,
78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,
91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 100, 107, 112, 116, 122, 125, 127,
133, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154,
155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 169, 171, 173, 175,
177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199,
201, 203, 205, 207, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225,
226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238,
239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252,
253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265,
266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277,
278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289,
298, 300, 309, 311, 313, 315, 317, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327,
329, 331, 333, 335, 337, 339, 341, 343, 345, 347, 349, 351,
353, 355, 357, 360, 362, 364, 366, 368, 370, 372, 375, 377,
379, 381, 383, 385, 387, 389, 391, 393, 395, 397, 399, 401,
403, 405, 407, 409, 411, 413, 415, 417, 419, 421, 423, 425,
427, 429, 431, 433, 435, 437, 439, 441, 443, 445, 447, 449,
451, 453, 455, 457, 459, 461, 463, 465, 467, 469, 471, 473,
475, 477, 478, 479, 488, 490, 499, 501, 503, 505, 507, 509,
511, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 523, 525, 527, 529, 531, 533,
535, 537, 539, 541, 543, 545, 547, 550, 552, 554, 556, 558,
561, 563, 566, 568, 570, 572, 574, 576, 578, 580, 582, 584,
586, 588, 590, 592, 594, 596, 598, 600, 603, 605, 607, 609,
611, 613, 615, 617, 619, 621, 623, 625, 627, 629, 631, 633,
635, 637, 639, 641, 643, 645, 647, 649, 651, 653, 655, 657,
659, 661, 663, 665, 667, 669, 671, 673, 675, 677, 679, 681,
683, 685, 687, 689, 691, 693, 695, 697, 699, 701, 703, 705,
707, 709, 711, 713, 715, 717, 719, 721, 723, 725, 727, 729,
731, 733, 735, 737, 739, 741, 743, 745, 747, 749, 751, 753,
755, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767,
768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779,
780, 781, 782, 791, 793, 802, 804, 806, 808, 810, 812, 814,
816, 818, 820, 822, 824, 826, 828, 830, 832, 834, 836, 838,
840, 842, 844, 846, 848, 850, 853, 855, 857, 859, 861, 863,
865, 868, 870, 872, 874, 876, 878, 880, 882, 884, 886, 888,
890, 892, 894, 896, 898, 900, 902, 905, 907, 909, 911, 913,
915, 917, 919, 921, 923, 925, 927, 929, 931, 933, 935, 937,
939, 941, 943, 945, 947, 949, 951, 953, 955, 957, 959, 961,
963, 965, 967, 969, 971, 973, 975, 977, 979, 981, 983, 985,
987, 989, 991, 993, 995, 997, 999, 1001, 1003, 1005, 1007, 1009,
1011, 1013, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024,
1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036,
1037, 1045, 1047, 1051, 1053, 1055, 1057, 1059, 1061, 1063, 1065, 1067,
1069, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1088, 1090, 1092,
1094, 1096, 1098, 1100, 1102, 1104, 1106, 1108, 1110, 1112, 1114, 1116,
1118, 1120, 1122, 1124, 1126, 1129, 1131, 1133, 1135, 1137, 1139, 1141,
1143, 1145, 1147, 1149, 1151, 1153, 1155, 1157, 1159, 1161, 1163, 1165,
1167, 1169, 1171, 1173, 1175, 1177, 1179, 1181, 1183, 1185, 1187, 1189,
1191, 1193, 1195, 1197, 1199, 1201, 1203, 1205, 1207, 1209, 1211, 1213,
1215, 1217, 1219, 1221, 1223, 1225, 1227, 1229, 1231, 1233, 1235, 1237,
1239, 1241, 1243, 1245, 1247, 1249, 1251, 1253, 1255, 1257, 1259, 1261,
1263, 1265, 1267, 1269, 1271, 1273, 1275, 1276, 1277
};
}
private static final short _lexer_key_offsets[] = init__lexer_key_offsets_0();
private static byte[] init__lexer_trans_keys_0()
{
return new byte [] {
-32, -17, 10, 32, 34, 35, 37, 42, 64, 124, 9, 13,
-92, -123, -119, -108, -102, -100, -92, -86, -81, -80, -32, -92,
-105, -32, -92, -80, 32, 10, 13, 10, 13, -32, 10, 32,
34, 35, 37, 42, 64, 124, 9, 13, 34, 34, 10, 13,
10, 13, 10, 32, 34, 9, 13, 10, 32, 34, 9, 13,
10, 32, 34, 9, 13, 10, 32, 34, 9, 13, 10, 32,
9, 13, 10, 32, 9, 13, 10, 13, 10, 95, 70, 69,
65, 84, 85, 82, 69, 95, 69, 78, 68, 95, 37, 13,
32, 64, 9, 10, 9, 10, 13, 32, 64, 11, 12, 10,
32, 64, 9, 13, 32, 124, 9, 13, 10, 32, 92, 124,
9, 13, 10, 92, 124, 10, 92, 10, 32, 92, 124, 9,
13, -32, 10, 32, 34, 35, 37, 42, 64, 124, 9, 13,
-32, -92, -90, -32, -92, -66, -32, -92, -71, -32, -92, -80,
-32, -92, -93, 58, 10, 10, -32, 10, 32, 35, 124, 9,
13, -92, 10, -80, 10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -126, 10, -32,
10, -92, 10, -86, 10, 10, 32, -32, 10, -92, 10, -78,
10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -121, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -106,
10, 10, 58, -32, 10, 32, 34, 35, 37, 42, 64, 124,
9, 13, -32, -91, -126, -32, -92, -126, -32, -92, -107, -32,
-92, -65, -32, -92, -84, -32, -92, -91, -84, -32, -92, -66,
-32, -92, -91, -80, -32, 32, -92, -65, -32, -92, -90, -32,
-91, -125, -32, -92, -74, -32, -91, -115, -32, -92, -81, 32,
58, -32, -92, -80, -32, -91, -126, -32, -92, -86, -32, -92,
-80, -32, -91, -121, -32, -92, -106, -32, -92, -66, 58, 10,
10, -32, 10, 32, 35, 37, 42, 64, 9, 13, -92, 10,
-123, -108, -102, -100, -92, -86, -81, -80, 10, -32, 10, -92,
10, -105, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -80, 10, 10, 32, -32,
10, -91, 10, -126, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -126, 10, -32,
10, -92, 10, -107, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -65, 10, -32,
10, -92, 10, -84, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -91, -84, 10,
-32, 10, -92, 10, -66, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -80, 10,
-32, 10, 32, -92, 10, -65, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -90,
10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -125, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -74,
10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -115, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -81,
10, 10, 58, -32, 10, -92, 10, -90, 10, -32, 10, -91,
10, -126, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -86, 10, 10, 32, -32,
10, -92, 10, -78, 10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -121, 10, -32,
10, -92, 10, -106, 10, 10, 95, 10, 70, 10, 69, 10,
65, 10, 84, 10, 85, 10, 82, 10, 69, 10, 95, 10,
69, 10, 78, 10, 68, 10, 95, 10, 37, 10, 10, -32,
10, 32, 35, 37, 42, 64, 9, 13, -92, 10, -123, -108,
-102, -100, -92, -86, -81, -80, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -105,
10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -80, 10, 10, 32, -32, 10, -91,
10, -126, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -126, 10, -32, 10, -92,
10, -107, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -65, 10, -32, 10, -92,
10, -84, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -91, -84, 10, -32, 10,
-92, 10, -66, 10, -32, 10, -92, -91, 10, -80, 10, -32,
10, 32, -92, 10, -65, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -90, 10,
-32, 10, -91, 10, -125, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -74, 10,
-32, 10, -91, 10, -115, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -81, 10,
10, 32, 58, -32, 10, -92, 10, -80, 10, -32, 10, -91,
10, -126, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -86, 10, -32, 10, -92,
10, -80, 10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -121, 10, -32, 10, -92,
10, -106, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -66, 10, 10, 58, -125,
10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -73, 10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -115,
10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -96, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -83,
10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -126, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -82,
10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -65, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -90,
10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -126, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -86,
10, 10, 32, -32, 10, -92, 10, -78, 10, -32, 10, -91,
10, -121, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -106, 10, 10, 95, 10,
70, 10, 69, 10, 65, 10, 84, 10, 85, 10, 82, 10,
69, 10, 95, 10, 69, 10, 78, 10, 68, 10, 95, 10,
37, -125, -32, -92, -73, -32, -91, -115, -32, -92, -96, -32,
-92, -83, -32, -91, -126, -32, -92, -82, -32, -92, -65, 58,
10, 10, -32, 10, 32, 35, 37, 42, 64, 9, 13, -92,
10, -123, -108, -102, -100, -92, -86, -81, -80, 10, -32, 10,
-92, 10, -105, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -80, 10, 10, 32,
-32, 10, -91, 10, -126, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -126, 10,
-32, 10, -92, 10, -107, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -65, 10,
-32, 10, -92, 10, -84, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -91, -84,
10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -66, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -80,
10, -32, 10, 32, -92, 10, -65, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10,
-90, 10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -125, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10,
-74, 10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -115, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10,
-81, 10, 10, 32, 58, -32, 10, -92, 10, -80, 10, -32,
10, -91, 10, -126, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -86, 10, -32,
10, -92, 10, -80, 10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -121, 10, -32,
10, -92, 10, -106, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -66, 10, 10,
58, -32, 10, -92, 10, -90, 10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -126,
10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -86, 10, 10, 32, -32, 10, -92,
10, -78, 10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -121, 10, -32, 10, -92,
10, -106, 10, 10, 95, 10, 70, 10, 69, 10, 65, 10,
84, 10, 85, 10, 82, 10, 69, 10, 95, 10, 69, 10,
78, 10, 68, 10, 95, 10, 37, -32, -92, -90, -32, -91,
-126, -32, -92, -86, 32, -32, -92, -78, -32, -91, -121, -32,
-92, -106, 58, 10, 10, -32, 10, 32, 35, 37, 64, 9,
13, -92, 10, -119, -86, -80, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -90,
10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -66, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -71,
10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -80, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -93,
10, 10, 58, -32, 10, -92, -91, 10, -80, 10, -32, 10,
-92, 10, -65, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -90, 10, -32, 10,
-91, 10, -125, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -74, 10, -32, 10,
-91, 10, -115, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -81, 10, 10, 32,
58, -32, 10, -92, 10, -80, 10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -126,
10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -86, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -80,
10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -121, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -106,
10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -66, 10, -125, 10, -32, 10, -92,
10, -73, 10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -115, 10, -32, 10, -92,
10, -96, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -83, 10, -32, 10, -91,
10, -126, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -82, 10, -32, 10, -92,
10, -65, 10, -32, 10, -91, 10, -126, 10, -32, 10, -92,
10, -86, 10, 10, 32, -32, 10, -92, 10, -78, 10, -32,
10, -91, 10, -121, 10, -32, 10, -92, 10, -106, 10, 10,
95, 10, 70, 10, 69, 10, 65, 10, 84, 10, 85, 10,
82, 10, 69, 10, 95, 10, 69, 10, 78, 10, 68, 10,
95, 10, 37, -69, -65, 0
};
}
private static final byte _lexer_trans_keys[] = init__lexer_trans_keys_0();
private static byte[] init__lexer_single_lengths_0()
{
return new byte [] {
0, 10, 1, 9, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2,
2, 9, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 5, 3, 2, 4, 3, 2, 4,
9, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 9, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1,
1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 7,
2, 9, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 1, 1, 7, 2, 9, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3,
2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 7, 2, 9, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
6, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 0
};
}
private static final byte _lexer_single_lengths[] = init__lexer_single_lengths_0();
private static byte[] init__lexer_range_lengths_0()
{
return new byte [] {
0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1,
1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
};
}
private static final byte _lexer_range_lengths[] = init__lexer_range_lengths_0();
private static short[] init__lexer_index_offsets_0()
{
return new short [] {
0, 0, 12, 14, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38,
41, 44, 55, 57, 59, 62, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 89,
93, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116,
118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 131, 138, 143, 147, 153, 157, 160,
166, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197,
199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 220, 223, 226, 229,
232, 235, 238, 241, 244, 247, 250, 253, 256, 259, 262, 265,
268, 271, 274, 277, 288, 290, 292, 294, 296, 298, 300, 302,
304, 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322, 325, 327,
329, 331, 333, 336, 338, 341, 343, 345, 347, 349, 351, 353,
355, 357, 359, 361, 363, 365, 367, 369, 371, 373, 375, 378,
380, 382, 384, 386, 388, 390, 392, 394, 396, 398, 400, 402,
404, 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418, 420, 422, 424, 426,
435, 438, 448, 451, 454, 457, 460, 463, 466, 469, 472, 475,
478, 481, 484, 487, 490, 493, 496, 499, 502, 505, 508, 511,
514, 517, 520, 524, 527, 530, 533, 536, 539, 542, 546, 549,
552, 555, 558, 561, 564, 567, 570, 573, 576, 579, 582, 585,
588, 591, 594, 597, 600, 603, 606, 609, 612, 615, 618, 621,
624, 627, 630, 633, 636, 639, 642, 645, 648, 651, 654, 657,
660, 663, 666, 669, 672, 675, 678, 681, 684, 687, 690, 693,
696, 699, 701, 703, 712, 715, 725, 728, 731, 734, 737, 740,
743, 746, 749, 752, 755, 758, 761, 764, 767, 770, 773, 776,
779, 782, 785, 788, 791, 794, 797, 801, 804, 807, 810, 813,
817, 820, 824, 827, 830, 833, 836, 839, 842, 845, 848, 851,
854, 857, 860, 863, 866, 869, 872, 875, 879, 882, 885, 888,
891, 894, 897, 900, 903, 906, 909, 912, 915, 918, 921, 924,
927, 930, 933, 936, 939, 942, 945, 948, 951, 954, 957, 960,
963, 966, 969, 972, 975, 978, 981, 984, 987, 990, 993, 996,
999, 1002, 1005, 1008, 1011, 1014, 1017, 1020, 1023, 1026, 1029, 1032,
1035, 1038, 1041, 1044, 1047, 1050, 1053, 1056, 1059, 1062, 1065, 1068,
1071, 1074, 1077, 1080, 1083, 1086, 1089, 1092, 1095, 1098, 1101, 1104,
1107, 1110, 1112, 1114, 1116, 1118, 1120, 1122, 1124, 1126, 1128, 1130,
1132, 1134, 1136, 1138, 1140, 1142, 1144, 1146, 1148, 1150, 1152, 1154,
1156, 1158, 1160, 1169, 1172, 1182, 1185, 1188, 1191, 1194, 1197, 1200,
1203, 1206, 1209, 1212, 1215, 1218, 1221, 1224, 1227, 1230, 1233, 1236,
1239, 1242, 1245, 1248, 1251, 1254, 1258, 1261, 1264, 1267, 1270, 1273,
1276, 1280, 1283, 1286, 1289, 1292, 1295, 1298, 1301, 1304, 1307, 1310,
1313, 1316, 1319, 1322, 1325, 1328, 1331, 1335, 1338, 1341, 1344, 1347,
1350, 1353, 1356, 1359, 1362, 1365, 1368, 1371, 1374, 1377, 1380, 1383,
1386, 1389, 1392, 1395, 1398, 1401, 1404, 1407, 1410, 1413, 1416, 1419,
1422, 1425, 1428, 1431, 1434, 1437, 1440, 1443, 1446, 1449, 1452, 1455,
1458, 1461, 1464, 1467, 1470, 1473, 1476, 1479, 1482, 1485, 1488, 1491,
1494, 1497, 1500, 1502, 1504, 1506, 1508, 1510, 1512, 1514, 1516, 1518,
1520, 1522, 1524, 1526, 1528, 1530, 1532, 1534, 1536, 1538, 1540, 1542,
1544, 1552, 1555, 1560, 1563, 1566, 1569, 1572, 1575, 1578, 1581, 1584,
1587, 1590, 1593, 1596, 1599, 1602, 1605, 1608, 1611, 1615, 1618, 1621,
1624, 1627, 1630, 1633, 1636, 1639, 1642, 1645, 1648, 1651, 1654, 1657,
1660, 1663, 1666, 1669, 1672, 1676, 1679, 1682, 1685, 1688, 1691, 1694,
1697, 1700, 1703, 1706, 1709, 1712, 1715, 1718, 1721, 1724, 1727, 1730,
1733, 1736, 1739, 1742, 1745, 1748, 1751, 1754, 1757, 1760, 1763, 1766,
1769, 1772, 1775, 1778, 1781, 1784, 1787, 1790, 1793, 1796, 1799, 1802,
1805, 1808, 1811, 1814, 1817, 1820, 1823, 1826, 1829, 1832, 1835, 1838,
1841, 1844, 1847, 1850, 1853, 1856, 1859, 1862, 1865, 1868, 1871, 1874,
1877, 1880, 1883, 1886, 1889, 1892, 1895, 1897, 1899
};
}
private static final short _lexer_index_offsets[] = init__lexer_index_offsets_0();
private static short[] init__lexer_indicies_0()
{
return new short [] {
1, 2, 4, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 3, 0,
11, 0, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 0,
21, 0, 22, 0, 14, 0, 23, 0, 24, 0, 25, 0,
26, 0, 28, 29, 27, 31, 32, 30, 1, 4, 3, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 3, 0, 33, 0, 34, 0, 36,
37, 35, 39, 40, 38, 43, 42, 44, 42, 41, 47, 46,
48, 46, 45, 47, 46, 49, 46, 45, 47, 46, 50, 46,
45, 52, 51, 51, 0, 4, 53, 53, 0, 55, 56, 54,
4, 0, 57, 0, 58, 0, 59, 0, 60, 0, 61, 0,
62, 0, 63, 0, 64, 0, 65, 0, 66, 0, 67, 0,
68, 0, 69, 0, 70, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72,
73, 72, 72, 75, 74, 71, 4, 76, 9, 76, 0, 77,
78, 77, 0, 81, 80, 82, 83, 80, 79, 0, 85, 86,
84, 0, 85, 84, 81, 87, 85, 86, 87, 84, 88, 81,
89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 89, 0, 96, 0, 97,
0, 98, 0, 99, 0, 100, 0, 101, 0, 102, 0, 103,
0, 104, 0, 105, 0, 106, 0, 107, 0, 108, 0, 109,
0, 110, 0, 111, 0, 113, 112, 115, 114, 116, 115, 117,
118, 118, 117, 114, 119, 115, 114, 120, 115, 114, 121, 115,
114, 122, 115, 114, 123, 115, 114, 124, 115, 114, 125, 115,
114, 126, 115, 114, 115, 127, 114, 128, 115, 114, 129, 115,
114, 130, 115, 114, 131, 115, 114, 132, 115, 114, 133, 115,
114, 134, 115, 114, 135, 115, 114, 136, 115, 114, 115, 137,
114, 138, 140, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 139, 0,
147, 0, 148, 0, 149, 0, 150, 0, 151, 0, 152, 0,
153, 0, 154, 0, 155, 0, 156, 0, 157, 0, 25, 0,
158, 0, 159, 0, 25, 0, 160, 0, 161, 0, 162, 25,
0, 163, 0, 164, 0, 25, 0, 165, 0, 166, 167, 0,
168, 0, 169, 26, 0, 170, 0, 171, 0, 172, 0, 173,
0, 174, 0, 175, 0, 176, 0, 177, 0, 178, 0, 179,
0, 180, 0, 181, 0, 182, 0, 183, 0, 184, 0, 185,
0, 186, 0, 187, 188, 0, 189, 0, 190, 0, 191, 0,
192, 0, 193, 0, 194, 0, 195, 0, 196, 0, 197, 0,
198, 0, 199, 0, 200, 0, 201, 0, 202, 0, 203, 0,
204, 0, 205, 0, 206, 0, 207, 0, 208, 0, 209, 0,
210, 0, 212, 211, 214, 213, 215, 214, 216, 217, 218, 219,
217, 216, 213, 220, 214, 213, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226,
227, 228, 214, 213, 229, 214, 213, 230, 214, 213, 222, 214,
213, 231, 214, 213, 232, 214, 213, 233, 214, 213, 214, 234,
213, 235, 214, 213, 236, 214, 213, 237, 214, 213, 238, 214,
213, 239, 214, 213, 240, 214, 213, 241, 214, 213, 242, 214,
213, 243, 214, 213, 244, 214, 213, 245, 214, 213, 233, 214,
213, 246, 214, 213, 247, 214, 213, 233, 214, 213, 248, 214,
213, 249, 214, 213, 250, 233, 214, 213, 251, 214, 213, 252,
214, 213, 233, 214, 213, 253, 214, 213, 254, 214, 213, 255,
214, 213, 256, 214, 234, 213, 257, 214, 213, 258, 214, 213,
259, 214, 213, 260, 214, 213, 261, 214, 213, 262, 214, 213,
263, 214, 213, 264, 214, 213, 265, 214, 213, 266, 214, 213,
267, 214, 213, 268, 214, 213, 269, 214, 213, 270, 214, 213,
271, 214, 213, 272, 214, 213, 273, 214, 213, 214, 234, 213,
274, 214, 213, 275, 214, 213, 243, 214, 213, 276, 214, 213,
277, 214, 213, 278, 214, 213, 279, 214, 213, 280, 214, 213,
281, 214, 213, 214, 282, 213, 283, 214, 213, 284, 214, 213,
285, 214, 213, 286, 214, 213, 287, 214, 213, 288, 214, 213,
289, 214, 213, 290, 214, 213, 273, 214, 213, 214, 291, 213,
214, 292, 213, 214, 293, 213, 214, 294, 213, 214, 295, 213,
214, 296, 213, 214, 297, 213, 214, 298, 213, 214, 299, 213,
214, 300, 213, 214, 301, 213, 214, 302, 213, 214, 303, 213,
214, 304, 213, 306, 305, 308, 307, 309, 308, 310, 311, 312,
313, 311, 310, 307, 314, 308, 307, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319,
320, 321, 322, 308, 307, 323, 308, 307, 324, 308, 307, 316,
308, 307, 325, 308, 307, 326, 308, 307, 327, 308, 307, 308,
328, 307, 329, 308, 307, 330, 308, 307, 331, 308, 307, 332,
308, 307, 333, 308, 307, 334, 308, 307, 335, 308, 307, 336,
308, 307, 337, 308, 307, 338, 308, 307, 339, 308, 307, 327,
308, 307, 340, 308, 307, 341, 308, 307, 327, 308, 307, 342,
308, 307, 343, 308, 307, 344, 327, 308, 307, 345, 308, 307,
346, 308, 307, 327, 308, 307, 347, 308, 307, 348, 349, 308,
307, 350, 308, 307, 351, 308, 328, 307, 352, 308, 307, 353,
308, 307, 354, 308, 307, 355, 308, 307, 356, 308, 307, 357,
308, 307, 358, 308, 307, 359, 308, 307, 360, 308, 307, 361,
308, 307, 362, 308, 307, 363, 308, 307, 364, 308, 307, 365,
308, 307, 366, 308, 307, 367, 308, 307, 368, 308, 307, 308,
369, 328, 307, 370, 308, 307, 371, 308, 307, 372, 308, 307,
373, 308, 307, 374, 308, 307, 375, 308, 307, 376, 308, 307,
377, 308, 307, 378, 308, 307, 379, 308, 307, 380, 308, 307,
381, 308, 307, 382, 308, 307, 383, 308, 307, 384, 308, 307,
385, 308, 307, 386, 308, 307, 387, 308, 307, 388, 308, 307,
389, 308, 307, 390, 308, 307, 308, 328, 307, 391, 308, 307,
392, 308, 307, 393, 308, 307, 394, 308, 307, 395, 308, 307,
396, 308, 307, 397, 308, 307, 398, 308, 307, 399, 308, 307,
400, 308, 307, 401, 308, 307, 402, 308, 307, 403, 308, 307,
404, 308, 307, 405, 308, 307, 406, 308, 307, 407, 308, 307,
408, 308, 307, 409, 308, 307, 410, 308, 307, 411, 308, 307,
390, 308, 307, 412, 308, 307, 413, 308, 307, 337, 308, 307,
414, 308, 307, 415, 308, 307, 416, 308, 307, 417, 308, 307,
418, 308, 307, 419, 308, 307, 308, 420, 307, 421, 308, 307,
422, 308, 307, 423, 308, 307, 424, 308, 307, 425, 308, 307,
426, 308, 307, 427, 308, 307, 428, 308, 307, 390, 308, 307,
308, 429, 307, 308, 430, 307, 308, 431, 307, 308, 432, 307,
308, 433, 307, 308, 434, 307, 308, 435, 307, 308, 436, 307,
308, 437, 307, 308, 438, 307, 308, 439, 307, 308, 440, 307,
308, 441, 307, 308, 442, 307, 443, 0, 444, 0, 445, 0,
446, 0, 447, 0, 448, 0, 449, 0, 450, 0, 451, 0,
452, 0, 453, 0, 454, 0, 455, 0, 456, 0, 457, 0,
458, 0, 459, 0, 460, 0, 461, 0, 462, 0, 463, 0,
464, 0, 465, 0, 467, 466, 469, 468, 470, 469, 471, 472,
473, 474, 472, 471, 468, 475, 469, 468, 476, 477, 478, 479,
480, 481, 482, 483, 469, 468, 484, 469, 468, 485, 469, 468,
477, 469, 468, 486, 469, 468, 487, 469, 468, 488, 469, 468,
469, 489, 468, 490, 469, 468, 491, 469, 468, 492, 469, 468,
493, 469, 468, 494, 469, 468, 495, 469, 468, 496, 469, 468,
497, 469, 468, 498, 469, 468, 499, 469, 468, 500, 469, 468,
488, 469, 468, 501, 469, 468, 502, 469, 468, 488, 469, 468,
503, 469, 468, 504, 469, 468, 505, 488, 469, 468, 506, 469,
468, 507, 469, 468, 488, 469, 468, 508, 469, 468, 509, 469,
468, 510, 469, 468, 511, 469, 489, 468, 512, 469, 468, 513,
469, 468, 514, 469, 468, 515, 469, 468, 516, 469, 468, 517,
469, 468, 518, 469, 468, 519, 469, 468, 520, 469, 468, 521,
469, 468, 522, 469, 468, 523, 469, 468, 524, 469, 468, 525,
469, 468, 526, 469, 468, 527, 469, 468, 528, 469, 468, 469,
529, 489, 468, 530, 469, 468, 531, 469, 468, 532, 469, 468,
533, 469, 468, 534, 469, 468, 535, 469, 468, 536, 469, 468,
537, 469, 468, 538, 469, 468, 539, 469, 468, 540, 469, 468,
541, 469, 468, 542, 469, 468, 543, 469, 468, 544, 469, 468,
545, 469, 468, 546, 469, 468, 547, 469, 468, 548, 469, 468,
549, 469, 468, 550, 469, 468, 469, 489, 468, 551, 469, 468,
552, 469, 468, 498, 469, 468, 553, 469, 468, 554, 469, 468,
555, 469, 468, 556, 469, 468, 557, 469, 468, 558, 469, 468,
469, 559, 468, 560, 469, 468, 561, 469, 468, 562, 469, 468,
563, 469, 468, 564, 469, 468, 565, 469, 468, 566, 469, 468,
567, 469, 468, 550, 469, 468, 469, 568, 468, 469, 569, 468,
469, 570, 468, 469, 571, 468, 469, 572, 468, 469, 573, 468,
469, 574, 468, 469, 575, 468, 469, 576, 468, 469, 577, 468,
469, 578, 468, 469, 579, 468, 469, 580, 468, 469, 581, 468,
582, 0, 583, 0, 155, 0, 584, 0, 585, 0, 586, 0,
587, 0, 588, 0, 589, 0, 590, 0, 591, 0, 592, 0,
593, 0, 594, 0, 595, 0, 596, 0, 597, 0, 598, 0,
599, 0, 600, 0, 602, 601, 604, 603, 605, 604, 606, 607,
608, 607, 606, 603, 609, 604, 603, 610, 611, 612, 604, 603,
613, 604, 603, 614, 604, 603, 615, 604, 603, 616, 604, 603,
617, 604, 603, 618, 604, 603, 619, 604, 603, 620, 604, 603,
621, 604, 603, 622, 604, 603, 623, 604, 603, 624, 604, 603,
625, 604, 603, 626, 604, 603, 627, 604, 603, 604, 628, 603,
629, 604, 603, 630, 631, 604, 603, 632, 604, 603, 633, 604,
603, 634, 604, 603, 635, 604, 603, 636, 604, 603, 637, 604,
603, 638, 604, 603, 639, 604, 603, 640, 604, 603, 641, 604,
603, 642, 604, 603, 643, 604, 603, 644, 604, 603, 645, 604,
603, 646, 604, 603, 647, 604, 603, 648, 604, 603, 649, 604,
603, 650, 604, 603, 604, 651, 628, 603, 652, 604, 603, 653,
604, 603, 654, 604, 603, 655, 604, 603, 656, 604, 603, 657,
604, 603, 658, 604, 603, 659, 604, 603, 660, 604, 603, 661,
604, 603, 662, 604, 603, 663, 604, 603, 664, 604, 603, 665,
604, 603, 666, 604, 603, 667, 604, 603, 668, 604, 603, 669,
604, 603, 670, 604, 603, 671, 604, 603, 627, 604, 603, 672,
604, 603, 673, 604, 603, 674, 604, 603, 675, 604, 603, 676,
604, 603, 677, 604, 603, 678, 604, 603, 679, 604, 603, 680,
604, 603, 681, 604, 603, 682, 604, 603, 683, 604, 603, 684,
604, 603, 685, 604, 603, 686, 604, 603, 687, 604, 603, 688,
604, 603, 689, 604, 603, 690, 604, 603, 691, 604, 603, 692,
604, 603, 627, 604, 603, 693, 604, 603, 694, 604, 603, 695,
604, 603, 696, 604, 603, 697, 604, 603, 698, 604, 603, 604,
699, 603, 700, 604, 603, 701, 604, 603, 702, 604, 603, 703,
604, 603, 704, 604, 603, 705, 604, 603, 706, 604, 603, 707,
604, 603, 627, 604, 603, 604, 708, 603, 604, 709, 603, 604,
710, 603, 604, 711, 603, 604, 712, 603, 604, 713, 603, 604,
714, 603, 604, 715, 603, 604, 716, 603, 604, 717, 603, 604,
718, 603, 604, 719, 603, 604, 720, 603, 604, 721, 603, 722,
0, 3, 0, 723, 0
};
}
private static final short _lexer_indicies[] = init__lexer_indicies_0();
private static short[] init__lexer_trans_targs_0()
{
return new short [] {
0, 2, 642, 13, 13, 14, 24, 26, 10, 40, 43, 3,
4, 49, 7, 88, 100, 103, 109, 506, 509, 5, 6, 8,
9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 25, 12, 13, 25, 15, 16, 17,
18, 17, 17, 18, 17, 19, 19, 19, 20, 19, 19, 19,
20, 21, 22, 23, 13, 23, 24, 13, 25, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 644, 41,
42, 13, 41, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 46, 44,
45, 46, 44, 47, 2, 48, 14, 24, 26, 10, 40, 43,
50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61,
62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 66, 67, 68, 67, 13, 69,
70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81,
82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 2, 13, 13, 14, 24, 26,
10, 40, 43, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97,
98, 99, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 373,
112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123,
124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 241, 132, 133, 134,
135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146,
147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 154, 155, 156,
155, 13, 227, 164, 157, 158, 161, 165, 177, 180, 186, 208,
211, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 87, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170,
171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184,
185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197,
198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 209, 210,
212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223,
224, 225, 226, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236,
237, 238, 239, 240, 13, 242, 243, 242, 243, 244, 243, 13,
359, 252, 245, 246, 249, 253, 265, 268, 274, 340, 343, 247,
248, 250, 251, 252, 87, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260,
261, 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 275,
276, 318, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286,
287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298,
299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310,
311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323,
324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335,
336, 337, 338, 339, 341, 342, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349,
350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 362,
363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 13, 374,
375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386,
387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398,
397, 398, 399, 398, 13, 492, 407, 400, 401, 404, 408, 420,
423, 429, 473, 476, 402, 403, 405, 406, 407, 87, 409, 410,
411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 421, 422, 424,
425, 426, 427, 428, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437,
438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449,
450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461,
462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 474,
475, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487,
488, 489, 490, 491, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500,
501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 13, 507, 508, 510, 511, 512, 513,
514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525,
526, 527, 528, 527, 528, 529, 528, 13, 628, 530, 531, 547,
612, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542,
543, 544, 545, 546, 87, 548, 549, 590, 550, 551, 552, 553,
554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565,
566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577,
578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589,
591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602,
603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 613, 614, 615,
616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627,
629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640,
641, 13, 643, 0
};
}
private static final short _lexer_trans_targs[] = init__lexer_trans_targs_0();
private static short[] init__lexer_trans_actions_0()
{
return new short [] {
43, 29, 0, 0, 54, 3, 1, 0, 29, 1, 35, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 57, 149, 126, 0, 110, 23, 0, 0, 7,
139, 48, 0, 102, 9, 5, 45, 134, 45, 0, 33, 122,
33, 33, 0, 11, 106, 0, 0, 114, 25, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
27, 118, 27, 51, 0, 0, 0, 37, 37, 54, 37, 87,
0, 0, 39, 0, 96, 0, 93, 90, 41, 96, 90, 99,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 57, 144, 0, 54, 84, 0, 81, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 21, 63, 31, 130, 60, 57, 31,
63, 57, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 57, 144, 0, 54, 84,
0, 78, 33, 84, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 57, 144, 0, 54, 84, 0, 75,
33, 84, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 17, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 17, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 57, 144,
0, 54, 84, 0, 72, 33, 84, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 57, 144, 0, 54, 84, 0, 69, 33, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 13, 0, 0
};
}
private static final short _lexer_trans_actions[] = init__lexer_trans_actions_0();
private static short[] init__lexer_eof_actions_0()
{
return new short [] {
0, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43,
43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43
};
}
private static final short _lexer_eof_actions[] = init__lexer_eof_actions_0();
static final int lexer_start = 1;
static final int lexer_first_final = 644;
static final int lexer_en_main = 1;
// line 159 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
public void scan(String source) {
String input = source + "\n%_FEATURE_END_%";
byte[] data = null;
try {
data = input.getBytes("UTF-8");
} catch(UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
int cs, p = 0, pe = data.length;
int eof = pe;
int lineNumber = 1;
int lastNewline = 0;
int contentStart = -1;
int currentLine = -1;
int docstringContentTypeStart = -1;
int docstringContentTypeEnd = -1;
int startCol = -1;
int nextKeywordStart = -1;
int keywordStart = -1;
String keyword = null;
List<String> currentRow = null;
// line 821 "java/src/main/java/gherkin/lexer/Hi.java"
{
cs = lexer_start;
}
// line 185 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
// line 828 "java/src/main/java/gherkin/lexer/Hi.java"
{
int _klen;
int _trans = 0;
int _acts;
int _nacts;
int _keys;
int _goto_targ = 0;
_goto: while (true) {
switch ( _goto_targ ) {
case 0:
if ( p == pe ) {
_goto_targ = 4;
continue _goto;
}
if ( cs == 0 ) {
_goto_targ = 5;
continue _goto;
}
case 1:
_match: do {
_keys = _lexer_key_offsets[cs];
_trans = _lexer_index_offsets[cs];
_klen = _lexer_single_lengths[cs];
if ( _klen > 0 ) {
int _lower = _keys;
int _mid;
int _upper = _keys + _klen - 1;
while (true) {
if ( _upper < _lower )
break;
_mid = _lower + ((_upper-_lower) >> 1);
if ( data[p] < _lexer_trans_keys[_mid] )
_upper = _mid - 1;
else if ( data[p] > _lexer_trans_keys[_mid] )
_lower = _mid + 1;
else {
_trans += (_mid - _keys);
break _match;
}
}
_keys += _klen;
_trans += _klen;
}
_klen = _lexer_range_lengths[cs];
if ( _klen > 0 ) {
int _lower = _keys;
int _mid;
int _upper = _keys + (_klen<<1) - 2;
while (true) {
if ( _upper < _lower )
break;
_mid = _lower + (((_upper-_lower) >> 1) & ~1);
if ( data[p] < _lexer_trans_keys[_mid] )
_upper = _mid - 2;
else if ( data[p] > _lexer_trans_keys[_mid+1] )
_lower = _mid + 2;
else {
_trans += ((_mid - _keys)>>1);
break _match;
}
}
_trans += _klen;
}
} while (false);
_trans = _lexer_indicies[_trans];
cs = _lexer_trans_targs[_trans];
if ( _lexer_trans_actions[_trans] != 0 ) {
_acts = _lexer_trans_actions[_trans];
_nacts = (int) _lexer_actions[_acts++];
while ( _nacts-- > 0 )
{
switch ( _lexer_actions[_acts++] )
{
case 0:
// line 16 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
contentStart = p;
currentLine = lineNumber;
if(keyword != null) {
startCol = p - lastNewline - (keyword.length() + 1);
}
}
break;
case 1:
// line 24 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
currentLine = lineNumber;
startCol = p - lastNewline;
}
break;
case 2:
// line 29 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
contentStart = p;
}
break;
case 3:
// line 33 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
docstringContentTypeStart = p;
}
break;
case 4:
// line 37 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
docstringContentTypeEnd = p;
}
break;
case 5:
// line 41 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
String con = unindent(startCol, substring(data, contentStart, nextKeywordStart-1).replaceFirst("(\\r?\\n)?([\\t ])*\\Z", "").replace("\\\"\\\"\\\"", "\"\"\""));
String conType = substring(data, docstringContentTypeStart, docstringContentTypeEnd).trim();
listener.docString(conType, con, currentLine);
}
break;
case 6:
// line 47 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
String[] nameDescription = nameAndUnindentedDescription(startCol, keywordContent(data, p, eof, nextKeywordStart, contentStart));
listener.feature(keyword, nameDescription[0], nameDescription[1], currentLine);
if(nextKeywordStart != -1) p = nextKeywordStart - 1;
nextKeywordStart = -1;
}
break;
case 7:
// line 54 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
String[] nameDescription = nameAndUnindentedDescription(startCol, keywordContent(data, p, eof, nextKeywordStart, contentStart));
listener.background(keyword, nameDescription[0], nameDescription[1], currentLine);
if(nextKeywordStart != -1) p = nextKeywordStart - 1;
nextKeywordStart = -1;
}
break;
case 8:
// line 61 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
String[] nameDescription = nameAndUnindentedDescription(startCol, keywordContent(data, p, eof, nextKeywordStart, contentStart));
listener.scenario(keyword, nameDescription[0], nameDescription[1], currentLine);
if(nextKeywordStart != -1) p = nextKeywordStart - 1;
nextKeywordStart = -1;
}
break;
case 9:
// line 68 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
String[] nameDescription = nameAndUnindentedDescription(startCol, keywordContent(data, p, eof, nextKeywordStart, contentStart));
listener.scenarioOutline(keyword, nameDescription[0], nameDescription[1], currentLine);
if(nextKeywordStart != -1) p = nextKeywordStart - 1;
nextKeywordStart = -1;
}
break;
case 10:
// line 75 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
String[] nameDescription = nameAndUnindentedDescription(startCol, keywordContent(data, p, eof, nextKeywordStart, contentStart));
listener.examples(keyword, nameDescription[0], nameDescription[1], currentLine);
if(nextKeywordStart != -1) p = nextKeywordStart - 1;
nextKeywordStart = -1;
}
break;
case 11:
// line 82 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
listener.step(keyword, substring(data, contentStart, p).trim(), currentLine);
}
break;
case 12:
// line 86 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
listener.comment(substring(data, contentStart, p).trim(), lineNumber);
keywordStart = -1;
}
break;
case 13:
// line 91 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
listener.tag(substring(data, contentStart, p).trim(), currentLine);
keywordStart = -1;
}
break;
case 14:
// line 96 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
lineNumber++;
}
break;
case 15:
// line 100 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
lastNewline = p + 1;
}
break;
case 16:
// line 104 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
if(keywordStart == -1) keywordStart = p;
}
break;
case 17:
// line 108 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
keyword = substring(data, keywordStart, p).replaceFirst(":$","");
keywordStart = -1;
}
break;
case 18:
// line 113 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
nextKeywordStart = p;
}
break;
case 19:
// line 117 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
p = p - 1;
currentRow = new ArrayList<String>();
currentLine = lineNumber;
}
break;
case 20:
// line 123 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
contentStart = p;
}
break;
case 21:
// line 127 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
String con = substring(data, contentStart, p).trim();
currentRow.add(con
.replace("\\|", "|")
.replace("\\n", "\n")
.replace("\\\\", "\\")
);
}
break;
case 22:
// line 136 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
listener.row(currentRow, currentLine);
}
break;
case 23:
// line 140 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
if(cs < lexer_first_final) {
String content = currentLineContent(data, lastNewline);
throw new LexingError("Lexing error on line " + lineNumber + ": '" + content + "'. See http://wiki.github.com/cucumber/gherkin/lexingerror for more information.");
} else {
listener.eof();
}
}
break;
// line 1089 "java/src/main/java/gherkin/lexer/Hi.java"
}
}
}
case 2:
if ( cs == 0 ) {
_goto_targ = 5;
continue _goto;
}
if ( ++p != pe ) {
_goto_targ = 1;
continue _goto;
}
case 4:
if ( p == eof )
{
int __acts = _lexer_eof_actions[cs];
int __nacts = (int) _lexer_actions[__acts++];
while ( __nacts-- > 0 ) {
switch ( _lexer_actions[__acts++] ) {
case 23:
// line 140 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
{
if(cs < lexer_first_final) {
String content = currentLineContent(data, lastNewline);
throw new LexingError("Lexing error on line " + lineNumber + ": '" + content + "'. See http://wiki.github.com/cucumber/gherkin/lexingerror for more information.");
} else {
listener.eof();
}
}
break;
// line 1121 "java/src/main/java/gherkin/lexer/Hi.java"
}
}
}
case 5:
}
break; }
}
// line 186 "/home/son/work/github/os97673/gherkin/tasks/../ragel/i18n/hi.java.rl"
}
private String keywordContent(byte[] data, int p, int eof, int nextKeywordStart, int contentStart) {
int endPoint = (nextKeywordStart == -1 || (p == eof)) ? p : nextKeywordStart;
return substring(data, contentStart, endPoint);
}
private String[] nameAndUnindentedDescription(int startCol, String text) {
String[] lines = text.split("\n");
String name = lines.length > 0 ? lines[0].trim() : "";
StringBuffer description = new StringBuffer();
for(int i = 1; i < lines.length; i++) {
description.append(lines[i]);
description.append("\n");
}
return new String[]{name, unindent(startCol+2, description.toString()).replaceAll("\\s+$", "")};
}
private String unindent(int startCol, String text) {
return Pattern.compile("^[\t ]{0," + startCol + "}", Pattern.MULTILINE).matcher(text).replaceAll("");
}
private String currentLineContent(byte[] data, int lastNewline) {
return substring(data, lastNewline, data.length).trim();
}
private String substring(byte[] data, int start, int end) {
try {
return new String(data, start, end-start, "utf-8");
} catch(java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Internal error", e);
}
}
}
| 37,444 |
oklahomaredbook00okla_4
|
US-PD-Books
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
The Oklahoma red book
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,764 | 13,243 |
L. W. Cruce, Ardmore... 6 Love, Carter, Garvin, McClain, Cleve- ^ land, Pottawatomie. STATE DEPARTMENTS 63 W. D. Ozmun, Fairfax. ... 6 Osage, Kay, Payne, Pawnee, Noble, Garfield. R. E. Seamans, McAlester 7 Hughes, Pittsburg, Latimer, Haskell, Seminole, Okfusiiee, Lincoln, Leflore. Dr. W. M. Ligon, Ada.... 8 Marshall, Pontotoc, Johnson, Atoka, Murray, Coal. Geo. F. Wyvell, Claremore I) Washington, Nowata, Rogers, Creek, Tulsa. M. M. Ballew, Cookson.. 10 Craig, Delaware, Ottawa, Cherokee, Adair. Ben "Watt, Muskogee 11 Muskogee, Sequoyah, Wagoner, Okmul- gee, Mcintosh, Mayes. Julius Ward, Hugo 12 Bryan, Choctaw, Pushmataha, McCur- tain. Bonded district deputy game wardens receive an annual salary of $800.00 and $600.00 for expenses. In addition to this salary and expense money, they receive 25 cents for each resident hunting license issued. Appropriations. S. B. No. 254 — Making appropriation out of the Game Protec- tion Fund for the use and benefit of the De- partment of Fish and Game (For 2 years) $62,200.00 64 OKLAHOMA RED BOOK 65 DEPARTMENT OF STATE COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH. The State Commissioner of Health is appointed by the governor for a term of four years. The commissioner has charge of all mat- ters relating to the public health and has the power to make and enforce all needful rules and regulations for the prevention and cure, and to prevent the spread of any contagious, infectious or malarial diseases and to establish quarantines. The commissioner has the authority of appointing county superintendents of public health. In the townships, the board of directors constitute the local board of health, and in cities of the first class, the mayor and common council have the power to appoint the city superintendent of public health. The work of the state chemist and the operation of the state lab- oratory, as well as pure food and drug inspection, are under the super- vision of the department. Personnel of Department. Name. Position. Salary. Dr. J. C. Mahr State Commissioner of Health $1,800 R. H. Riley Chief Clerk 1,200 Dr. Edwin DeBarr State Chemist* Dr. Gayfree Ellison. . .Bacteriologist* H. W. Russell Statistical Clerk 1,200 Food and Drug Division. U. S. Russell Assistant in charge 1,800 H. O. Tener Food Inspector 1,200 Caswell Bennett Food Inspector 1,200 W. G. Short Drug Inspector 1,200 Sanitary Inspection Division. A. J. Emery Inspector 1,200 Luke Allen Inspector 1,200 Stenograpiiers. Mayme Martin 1,200 Kathryn Cain 1,200 •Salaries fixed as employees of State University. Appropriations. 1912. 1913. H. B. No. 557 — Board of Health salaries and contingent, etc $18,900.00 $18,900.00 Pure Food and Drug Division salaries. Traveling, office and contingent expenses 10,000.00 10,000.00 Sanitary inspection and expens- es for two years 3,000,00 3,000.00 SraNOfiRD EUG- CO. QtiLO CfTV. Offlff. J^rAf\/OA,J^£t £/s/c W.J.Gaudill r STATE ENFORCEMENT OFFICER 1 iiuLO by I'iisevitch, OKlahcma <..Uj KIRBY FITZPATRICK Chief Examiner of Titles for School Land Commissioners \VM. P. CAMPBELJ. (^"ustodian of Oklahoma State Historical "Society p 4 4i STATE DEPARTMENTS 65 NATIONAL GUARD. The National Guard of Oklahoma consists of one regiment of infantry, one detachment of engineers, signal corps, and sanitary troops, which are attached to the first infantry. The total numerical strength of the organization is 1,012 commissioned and enlisted men, 60 officers and 952 enlisted men. The Governor of the state is commander-in-chief of the militia, and as such has supreme command of the military forces of the state while in the service of the state, or until they are ordered and accepted into service of the United Stats. The adjutant general is in control of the military department of the state and is subordinate only to the governor in matters pertaining to the department. The militia of the state is divided into two classes, the active and reserve militia. The active militia consists of the organized and uni- formed military forces of the state, which is known as the Oklahoma National Guard. The reserve militia consists of all those liable to service in the militia, or all able bodied men between the ages of 18 and 45 years who are or who have declared their intention of be- coming citizens and not serving in a National Guard of a State. Under provisions of the state law, there is an annual muster and' camp of instruction of the Oklahoma National Guard at Chandler, Okla., where the state rifle range is located, or such other place as may be ordered by the Governor or Adjutant General. K Officers and Employes of the Artjutant General's Department. Name. Position. Salary. Frank M. Canton Adjutant General $1,800.00 Earl Patterson Post Q. M. Sergt. & Chief Clerk 1,200.00 Clara Kinzer Stenographer 900.00 Gus Pietchner Storekeeper 600.00 V Appropriations. 1912. 1913. H. B. No. 557— Salaries $ 4,500.00 $ 4,500.00 Payment of troops ordered on duty 1,500.00 1,500.00 Freights and encampment 8,000.00 8,000.00 Armory rent 10,000.00 10,000.00 Contingent Expenses 2,495.00 2,495.00^ S. B. No. 209— Freight, armory rent, etc $2,517.35 Sig. 7. 66 OKLAHOMA RED BOOK Roster of Officers, O. N. G. Following is a roster of the officers of the Oklahoma National Guard, the organization, station, number of officers and number of enlisted men, according to companies: Name Lee Cruce F. M. Canton. . .. Alva J. Niles Roy V. Hoffman E. HL Jayne C. F. Barrett Mont F. Highley. J. M. Grimsley. .. Job Ingram Fred W. Hunter. A. L. Emery J. P. Alley Ross R. Way S. J. Foster Chas. D. Keller.. O. J. Perren Mark W. Tobin., M. P. Riley Rank Organization Station Governor and Com.-ln-Chief Brig.-Gen'l, Adjt.-Gen'l and Cliief-of-Staff Major and Judge Advocate.. Colonel Lieut. Colonel Major Major Major Chaplain Regular Adjutant Captain and Commander.... Captain and A. I. S. A. P. .. 1st Lieut, and Batt. Adjt... 1st Lieut, and Batt. Adjt... 1st Lieut, and Batt. Adjt... 2nd Lieut, and Batt. Q. M. and Commander 2nd Lieut, and Batt. Q. M. and Commander 2nd Lieut, Oklahoma City Pawnee Kingfisher Oklahoma City Watonga Norman Walter Oklahoma City Oklahoma City Pond Creek Oklahoma City Mustang f M STATE DEPARTMENTS 67 Name Hank Organization E. R. Perry S. Maxwell Smith R. F. MacArtliur Harry B. Gilstrap Frank O. McLean.... Oscar Soderstrom E. R. Waite Geo. M. Ciiristner. .. . , Robt. L. Flynn A. J. Arendell Leigliton E. Worthley Rufus A. Johnston... Chas. H. Johnson W. R. Einwaecliter. .. L. C. Johnson Wm. A. Green A. J. D. Howe C. R. Gilmore Wm. Hutchinson Wm. A. Worley Albert B. Hayes Walter Veach Wm, J. McClure Lewis Paulin, Jr Frank S. Wyatt Gus Hadwiger C. G. Williams.. Winfield Scott W. J. Otjen J. B. Cullison Victor M. Locke , Parris Pipkin J. Nelson Locke , S. H. Harrelson EUes Stephenson Frank B. King Archie C. Ennes , Enos H. Hurd James B. Taplin Jesse T. Ford Chas. W. McKowan.. Floyd H. Racer Hugh Scott F. H. Clark Floyd J. Bolend Arthur L. Edgington.. R. P. Blewer Captain. .. 1st Lieut. 2nd Lieut. Captain . .. 1st Lieut. 2nd Lieut. Captain. .. 1st Lieut.. 2nd Lieut. Captain. .. 1st Lieut. , 2nd Lieut. Captain. .. 1st Lieut. 2nd Lieut. Captain. .. 1st Lieut. 2nd Lieuc. Captain. .. 1st Lieut. 2nd Lieut. Captain. .. 1st Lieut. 2nd Lieut, Captain. .. 1st Lieut. 2nd Lieut. Captain. . , 1st Lieut. 2nd Lieut. Captain. .. 1st Lieut. 2nd Lieut. Captain. .. 1st Lieut. Captain. .. 1st Lieut. 2nd Lieut. Captain. .. 1st Lieut. 1st Lieut. Major Major Captain. .. Captain. .. Captain.. Chief Mu- sician of Band Co. A, 1st Infantry Co. A, 1st Infantry Co. A, 1st Infantryj Co. B, 1st Infantry Co. B, 1st Infantry Co. B, 1st Infantry! Co. C, 1st Infantry Co. C, 1st Infantry Co. C, 1st Infantry Co. D, 1st Infantry Co. D, 1st Infantry Co. D, 1st Infantry Co, E, 1st Infantryj Co. E, 1st Infantry Co. E, 1st Infantry| Co. F, 1st Infantry Co. F, 1st Infantry Co. F, 1st Infantry Co. G, 1st Infantry Co.'G, 1st Infantry; Co. G, 1st Infantry Co. H, 1st Infantry Co. H, 1st Infantry Co. H, 1st Infantry Co. I, 1st Infantry Co. I, 1st Infantry! Co. I, 1st Infantry Co. K, 1st Infantry Co. K, 1st Infantry Co. K, 1st Infantry Co. L, 1st Infantry Co. L, 1st Infantry Co. L, 1st Infantry Co. M, 1st Infantry Co. M, 1st Infantry. Corps of Engineers Corps of Engineers Corps of Engineers Signal Corps Signal Corps Signal Corps Medical Dept Medical Dept Medical Dept Medical Dept Ordinance Dept. . .. Band. Tuisa Tulsa Tulsa Chandler .. Chandler Ciiandler Shawnee .. Shawnee Shawnee McAlester , McAlester McAlester Pawnee ... Pawnee Pawnee Muskogee. Muskogee Muskogee Ardmore .., Ardmore Ardmore Durant . .'. Durant Durant Alva Alva Alva Enid Enid Enid Antlers Antlers Antlers Okla. City. Okla. City. Lawton ... Lawton Lawton Blackwell , Blackwell Blackwell Woodward Guthrie . ... 6S 57 69 66 75 66 78 71 58 46 60 21 0 28 •Machine gun platoon attached to Co. K, and stationed at Enid, Okla. 68 OKLAHOMA RED BOOK DEPARTMENT OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST. The territorial legislature of 1899 passed an act creating the oflBce of State Geologist, but provided that the office should be held by the pro- fessor of biology and kindred sciences of the State University and that he should serve without pay. The department was thus established at Norman. The geologist was at that time directed to begin and continue the geological survey of the state by counties or districts. The state geologist is also curator of the geological cabinet, museum, apparatus and library. The third state legislature provided for an enlargement of the bureau and appropriated a considerable amount of funds for the benefit of the department. Geologist. 1912. 1913. Dr. D. W. Ohern, Professor of Geology State University $2,500.00. $2,500.00' *Other appointments not made. Appropriations. 1912. 1913. H. B, No. 557— Office and incidental expenses $3,000.00 $3,000.00 Printing •. . 2,400.00 2,400.00 Field work 3,000.00 3,000.00 Co-operative work with U. S. survey and other federal field • bureaus : 3,000.00 3,000.00 Salaries of director, assistant, chemist, clerk, two stenograph- ers, and one laborer 10,480.00 10,480.0a STATE DEPARTMENTS 69 STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT. House Bill No. 318, passed by the third legislature, 1911, created the office of the State Highway Commissioner and established the de- partment of highways, prescribed the duties of the highway com- missioner and his compensation; and authorized a state license fee on automobiles to create a fund for establishing and maintaining the department. The commissioner is to receive a salary of $2,500.00 per annum, is appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and consent of- the state senate, and shall hold office for a term of four years. The commissioner shall also be allowed actual traveling ex- penses, not to exceed $1,500.00 per annum. The license fee required for the support of the department is fixed at one dollar for each automobile, assessed annually against the owners of automobiles. Commissioner and Assistants. Sidney Suggs Commisioner of Highways $2,500.00 Clark Hudson Assistant W. R. Goit Highway Engineer W. O. Gilbert .Secretary 70 OKLAHOMA RED BOOK DEPARTMENT OF STATE FIRE MARSHAL. House Bill No. 278, passed by the third legislature, 1911, created the office of State Fire Marshal, prescribed his duties and provided for the maintenance of the office and his compensation as such officer. The salary is $2,500 per annum and the term of office continues until a successor is named for the incumbent, the appointment being made by the governor. The office of chief assistant is also created, and this officer is to assume the duties of the office in case of a vacancy of the office of fire marshal or during the absence or disability of that officer. The marshal is to make an investigation of all fires occuring in the state in conjunction with the chiefs of the various city fire departments, the sheriff of the county in which the fire occurs, and the mayor of the village, city or town, which has no fire department, to ascertain the origin of such fires. The salary and ex penses incurred by the department shall be defrayed by the fire Insurance companies of the state, and a tax of one-fourth of one per centum is levied on the gross premium receipts of such companies to provide such a fund. Officers and Employes. C. C. Hammonds State Fire Marshal $2,500.00 J. O. Crawford Chief Assistant 1,500.00 C. W. McKeehen Bookkeeper 1,500.00 Legislative Department 72 OKLAHOMA RED BOOK LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. The legislative authority of the state shall be vested in a Legis- lature consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives; but the people reserve to themselves the power to propose laws and amend- ments to the Constitution and to enact or reject the same at the polls independent of the Legislature, and also reserve power at their own option to approve or reject at the polls any act of the Legislature. The Senate shall consist of not more than forty-four members and shall always be composed of forty-four members, except that in event any county shall be entitled to three or more senators at the time of any appointment such additional senator or senators shall be given such county in addition to the forty-four senators and the whole number to that extent. Senators hold office for a farm of four years. Under the re-apportionment act passed by the third state legis- lature, the representation in the House of Representatives shall be: 1912, 99; 1914, 98; 1916, 111; 1918, 104; and 1920, 92. The present number is 109. Representatives hold office for a term of two years. Sessions of the legislature are held biennially, beginning on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January, at twelve o'clock noon on the odd numbered years, provided, however, that the gov- ernor may call special sessions at any time. Members of the legislature receive six dollars per day for their services during the term of the legislature and ten cents per mile for every mile necessarily travelled in going to and returning from the place of meeting of the session. Members of the Senate shall be at least twenty-five years of age and members of the House of Representatives twenty-one years of age at the time of their election. The lieutenant governor is the presiding officer of the Senate. The House of Representatives choses one of its own members Speaker, who presides at the meetings. The lieutenant governor and the speaker of the House name the committees of the two branches of the legislature. THIRD LEGISLATURE. Officers of the Senate. J. J. McAlester President (Lieutenant Governor) . . . .McAlester J. Elmer Thomas President Pro Tempore Lawton T. M. Miller Secretary Cheyenne C. S. Gilkerson Reading Clerk Elk City H. S. Blair Chief Enrolling and Engrossing Clerk Pauls Valley J. ELMER THOMAS President Pro Tempore of Senate W. A. DURANT Speaker House of Representatives LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT 73 Sergeant-at-Arms Ada .Reporter Hugo .Journal Clerk Enid Chaplain Talihina .Calendar Clerk Waurika .Messenger Durant W. T. Dungan Secretary to Lieutenant Governor. . ..McAlester F. J. Etter A. M. Works Herbert Cook Rev. H. A. Tucker. C, V. Easterling. .. W. L. Pool STATE SENATORS. (Democrats) Name Postoffice CO 5 o d Counties Comprising District Harry K. Allen *F. W. Anderson. .. *Geo. W. Barefoot ♦Geo. A. Coffey H. J. Denton *R. E. Echols M .F. Es'gernian.. W. M Franklin Ardmore Waurika Chickasha Lone Wolf Hollis P:ik City Shawnee Madill 18 17 15 6 4 2 13 i!6 27 8 33 20 29 .5 18 30 20 2 14 10 25 23 15 21 24 17 19 13 31 6 19 Carter, Murray, Love Comanche, Jefferson, Stephens Grady, Caddo Custer, Washita, Kiowa Greer, Harmon Beckham, Roger Mills, Ellis, Dewey Pottawatomie, Lincoln Marshall. Johnston ♦Sid Garrett P. J. Goulding *Gid Graham J M. Hatchett ... ♦E C Harlin .... Ft. Gibson Enid Catoosa Durant Welch Muskogee, Mcintosh, Haskell Garfield Rogers, Nowata Bryan, Atoka, Coal Craig, Mayes ♦G P Horton Altus Jackson, Tillman *C. B. Kendrick... E. M. Landrum... Davis Tahiequah Murray, Love, Carter Cherokee, Delaware, Ottawa Atoka, Bryan. Coal E. L. Mitchell *Tom F. McMechat J. Q. Newell *W. N. Redwine. .. *R M Roddie Cheyenne Oklahoma Citj Jennings McAlester \da Beckham, Roger Mills, Ellis, Dewey Oklahoma, Canadian Pawnee, Noble Pittsburg * Pontotoc. Seminole A nadarko T\'"ilburton Caddo. Grady •E. T. Sorrells W^ P Stewart .. LeFlore. Latimer Choctaw, Pushmataha, McCurtain J. Elmer Thomas. *J. B. Thompson.. •Wm. Tilghmant .. ♦A. F. Vandeventer J. J. Williams R. P. Wynne Lawton Pauls . alley.. Chandler Bartlesville Weatherford.. Lexington Comanche, Stephens, Jefferson Garvin, McClain, Cleveland Lincoln, Pottawatomie W^ashington, Tulsa Custer, Washita, Kiowa Cleveland, McClain, Garvin (Republicans) H. B. Beeler B. F. Berkey E. D. Brownlee. . .. ♦Wm. A. Briggs.. E. B. Chapman... F. M. Colville J. H. Cloonan *W R. Dutton * J. J. Jones Sapulpa *J. H. Langston. ♦J. W. McCully. R. T. Potter F. L. Warren.. Checotah. .. Guthrie. . . . , Kingfisher. Woodward. Tonkawa. .. Edmond. . .. Bunch Foraker. . .. Guvmon. . .. Helena Okmulgee .. Holdenville. ♦Senators whose terms of office expire fResigned. Mcintosh, Muskogee, Haskell Logan Kingfisher, Blaine Woodward. Woods Kay, Grant, Osage Oklahoma, Canadian Adair, Sequoyah Grant, Kay, Osage Creek, Payne Texas, Cimarron, Beaver, Harper Alfalfa, Majors Okmulgee, Wagoner Hughes. Okfu skee in 1914. Others expire in 1912. 74 OKLAHOMA RED BOOK SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES. Rules of Procedure.— Vandeventer, Chairman; Thomas, Ex-Officio Chairman; Hatchett, Memminger, Wynne, Briggs. Legal Advisory. — Franklin, Chairman; Kendrick, Mitchell, Roddie, Stewart, Thomas, Warren. Judiciary No. 1. — Hatchett, Chairman; Echols, Landrum, Sorrells, Thompson, Vandeventer, Potter. Judiciary No. 2. — Kendrick, Chairman; Allen, Horton, Mitchell, Redwine, Wynne, Jones. Code Revision. — Stewart, Chairman; Allen, Hatchett, McMechan, Thomas, Thompson, Potter. Appropriations. — Memminger, Chairman; Anderson, Dento,n Echols, Garrett, Graham, Landrum, Newell, Williams, Chapman, McCully. Revenue and Taxation. — Mitchell, Chairman; Hatchett, Horton, Kendrick, McMechan, Smith, Jones. Privileges and Elections. — Allen, Chairman; Anderson, Eggerman,. Hatchett, Mitchell, Thompson, Vandeventer, Beeler, Briggs. Public Service Corporations. — Redwine, Chairman; Coffey, Gra- ham, McMechan, Newell, Tilghman, Brownlee. Private Corporations. — ^Brownlee, Chairman; Anderson, Denton^ Garrett, Briggs. Commerce and Labor. — Sorrels, Chairman; Allen, Franklin, Bare- foot, Goulding, Newell, Colville. Agriculture, Quarantine and Animal Industry. — Graham, Chairman; Barefoot, Eggerman, Hatchett, Harlin, Newell, Wynne, Button, McCully. Banks and Banking. — Roddie, Chairman; Barefoot, Goulding, Gra- ham, Harlin, Stewart, Beeler. Insurance. — Goulding, Chairman; Coffey, Denton, Landrum, Mem- minger, Tilghman, Cloonan. Public Buildings and Capitol. — Eggerman, Chairman; Barefoot, Echols, Franklin, Kendrick, Thompson, Vandeventer, Brownlee, Potter. School Lands. — Barefoot, Chairman; Anderson, Denton, Harlin, Roddie, Stewart, Thomas, Brownlee, Langston. Oil, Gas and Mineral Lands. — Vandeventer, Chairman; Allen, Franklin, Garrett, Graham, Memminger, Redwine, Berkey, Potter. Mines and Manufacturing. — Garrett, Chairman; Coffey, Redwine^. Sorrells, Tilghman, Wynne, Colville. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT 7& State and Legislative Affairs. — Williams, Chairman; Allen, Gould- ing, Kendrick, Brownlee. State and County Affairs. — Denton, Chairman; Garrett, Redwluo, Roddie, Smith, Williams, Warren. Federal Relations. — Potter, Chairman; Franklin, Horton, McMe- chan, Tilghman, Williams, Berkey. Indian Affairs. — Harlin, Chairman; Franklin, Graham, Landrum, Cloonan. Hospitals and Charities. — Goulding, Chairman; Kendrick, Mem- minger, McMechan, Newell, Williams, Chapman. Penal Institutions. — Coffey, Chairman; Allen, Denton, Redwine, Smith, Thompson, Briggs. Public Printing. — Anderson, Chairman; Landrum, Memminger, Mitchell, Thomas, Vandeventer, Dutton. Public Health. — Williams, Chairman; Coffey, Horton, Newell, Rod- die, Smith, Warren. Drugs and Pure Food. — Newell, Chairman; Anderson, Goulding, Sorrells, Stewart, Williams, Chapman. Fish and Game. — Thomas, Chairman; Barefoot, Kendrick, Roddie,^ Smith, Sorrells, Stewart, Jones. Military Affairs. — Tilghman, Chairman; Coffey, Horton, McMechan, Berkey. Enrolled and Engrossed Bills. — Coffey, Chairman; Mitchell, Langston. Prohibition Enforcement. — Horton, Chairman; Eggerman, Lan- drum, Sorrels, McCully. Legislative and Judicial Apportionment. — Thompson, Chairman; Barefoot, Echols, Garrett, Graham, Harlin, Kendrick, Newell, Roddie, Tilghman, Sorrells, Williams, Vandeventer, Briggs, Potter. Congressional Apportionment. — Echols, Chairman; Anderson, Eggerman, Goulding, Franklin, Hatchett, Harlin, Newell, Redwine, Stewart, Thomas, Thompson, Vandeventer, Brownlee, Potter. Senate Employes. Name. Position. Address. A. H. Murchison Asst. Journal Clerk Tahlequah Mrs. Lillian M. Roberts. Asst. Enrolling and Eng. Clerk Anadarko Alex C. Hull Asst. Enrolling and Eng. Clerk Edmond Mrs. Swanie Hampton.. Asst." Enrolling and Eng. Clerk Tecumseh Mrs. Lelia P. Catlin Auditor and Post Master Bartlesville P. T. Harris Assistant Sergeant-at-Arms Grandfield Claud C. Biard Doorkeeper Grant W. M. Childers Property Man Wann J. J. Conway Cloak Room Attendant Tulsa Thomas Bridge Day Watchman Chandler 76 OKLAHOMA RED BOOK H. H. Allen , Night Watcliman Davis W. M. Walde Chief Stenographer Pauls Valley Katherine Pierce Stenographer Oklahoma City Ellen Simmons Stenographer Oklahoma City Ethel Lawson Stenographer Ardmore Blanche Neill Stenographer Woodward Katherine Speice Stenographer Kingfisher Ida F. Hasley Stenographer ■. Oklahoma City Mrs. Madge Martin .... Stenographer McAlester Robert Alexander Page Alex Eddie Underwood Page Mill Creek Sam Grisswold. Page Guthrie Glenn Coffland Page Ardmore J. L. Pardue Chief Janitor Oklahoma City J. R. Hogan (col.) Janitor Chickasha W. M. Sulcer (col.) Janitor Shawnee LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT 77 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Officers of the House of Representatives. Name. Position. Address. * W. A. Durant Speaker Durant J. Roy Williams Speaker Pro Tempore Lawtou G. A. Crossett Chief Clerk Caddo J. S. Bell Sergeant-at-Arms Lookeba Rev. Snodgrass Chaplain Tulsa William L. Martin Official Reporter Muskogee Jane L. Marshall Official Reporter Oklahoma City N. A. Gordon Reading Clerk Oklahoma City Luther Harrison Assistant Reading Clerk Wetumka W. C. Murray Enrolling Clerk Marlow W. D. French Calendar Clerk Milburn Wm. P. Hill Journal Clerk McAlester Stephens Cleveland Jackson Pushmataha Bryan Pontotoc and Seminole Pottawatomie Oklahoma Sequoyah Love Members. Democrats: Name Post-Office W. B. Anthony Marlow Oliver H. Akin Norman S. G. Ashby Eldorado • H. S. P. Ashhy Antlers J. H. Baldwin Calera , J. S. Barham Wewoka , C. P. Barrett Shawnee H. L. Bolen Oklahoma City J. W. Breedlove Sallisaw W. H. Brooks Marietta Charles Broome Oak Lodge LeFlore Ross Brubaker Blackburn Pawnee W. S. Carson Tecumseh Pottawatomie Joe Chambers Claremore Rogers J. B. Champion Ardmore Carter H. N. Christian. Lookeba Caddo J. W. Clark Caney Atoka G. E. Clayton Waterloo Logan G. W. Cornell Weatherford Custer and Washita * W. L. Coughlin Frederick Tillman K. C. Cox Granite Greer Pete Coyne Estella Craig J. P. Crawford Ada •• Pontotoc W. A. Durant Durant Bryan and Atoka H. H. Edwards Stigler Haskell C. B. Emanuel Sulphur Murray Washington . Sequoyah and LeFlore Grady Caddo Tulsa Lon Fisher Bartlesville. S. J. Folsom Heavener. E. "W. Frey Amber G. M. Fuller Anadarko. J. I. Gillespie Tulsa R. L. Glover Rush Springs Grady E. I>. Green Purcell McClain W. A. Hammond Hartshorne Pittsburg and Hughes E. L. Harris Cordell Washita W. C. Jackson Muskogee Muskogee T. O. James Guymon Texas E. E. Jayne Wewoka Seminole *W. B. Anthony of Marlowe, was speaker of the special session, con- voked to locate the State capitol. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT^ 79 HOUSE STANDING COMMITTEES. Engrossment. — Akin, Chairman; Ashby (Jackson), Blackburn. Public Health and Sanitation. — Johnson, Chairman; Miller (No- wata), Jackson, Coughlin, Baldwin, Madden (Harmon;, Nisbett, Jones, Rose. Practice of Medicine. — Miller (Nowata), Chairman; Baldwin, Nis- bett, Johnson, Miller (Muskogee), Barrett, Emanuel, King, Anthony. Private Corporations. — Jayne, Chairman; Bolen, Frey, Harris, Pryor, Chambers, Madden (Rogers Mills), McClintic, Clark (Kay). Investigation of Judicial and Executive Department. — Jackson, Chairman; Killam, Webb, Williams (Comanche), Williams (Kay), Woodson, Rexroat, Rentfrow, Clark (Grant). Enrollment. — New, Chairman; Green, Clark (Grant). Levies, Drains, Ditches and Irrigation. — Barham, Chairman; Stock- ton, Ashby (Pushmataha), Glover, Pi,oland, Lennox, James, Blackburn, Christian. Libraries. — Moore (Ottawa), Chairman; Ashby (Pushmataha), Mar- shall, Lewis, Rentfrow. State Military. — Barrett, Chairman; Jones, Jayne, Fuller, Miller (Muskogee), Gillespie, Steen, Charles, De Ford. Pharmacy. — Hammond, Chairman; Madden (Harmon), Miller Nisbett, Clayton, Christian, Watrous. Dentistry. — Nisbett, Chairman; Baldwin, Glover, Brubaker, DeFord Constitutional Amendments. — Champion, Chairman; Clark (Atoka) Patchell, Peery, Green, Hammond, Madden (Rogers Mills), Testerman Porter. Cotton Warehouses and Grain Elevators. — Moore (Coal), Chair- man; Peery, Jeffords, LeftwicH, Moss, Fisher, James, Ashby (Jack son), Carson, Brubaker, Peters, Lennox, Jamison, Devereaux, Rose. Prohibition Enforcement. — Leftwich, Chairman; Williams (Com anche). Christian, Teehee, Patchell, Cox, Madden (Harmon), Milburn McDuffee, Roland, McElhaney, Lewis, Clark (Grant), Davison, Jamison Public Service Corporations. — Steen, Chairman; Woodson, Logan James, Moss, Barham, Semple, Gillespie, Searcy, Watrous, Campbell. Labor and Arbitration. — McDuffee, Chairman; Williams, (Com ^nche), Coyne, Barham, Bolen, McElhaney, Carson, Ashby (Pushma^ taha), Moore (Coal), Marshall, Clayton, Lewis. Lindsay, Watrous Brown. Initiative and Referendum and Legislative Departments. — Clark (Atoka), Chairman; Cornell, Broome, Lewis, Moss, Maxey, Clayton, Peebly, Fisher, Campbell, Acton. 80 OKLAHOMA RED BOOK Oil and Gas. — Gillespie, Chairman; Steen, Logan, Peters, Pryor, Fisher, Miller (Nowata), Rexroat, Smith (Creek). Purchase of Coal and Asphalt Lands. — Polsom, Chairman; Searcy, Smith (Adair), Moore (Coal), Knight, New, Semple, Ashby (Pushma- taha), Rexroat, Testerman, Shearer. Manufacturers and Commerce. — Searcy, Chairman; Williams (Kay), Tabor, Rexroat, Roland, Lennox, Lewis, Jeffords, Madden (Harmon), Jamison, Thrash. Protection of Birds, Fish and Game. — Knight, Chairman; Smith (Adair), Peery, Peebly, Coyne, Johnson, Glover, Milburn, Miller (Nowata), Watrous, Stockton. House Expenses and Public Accounts. — Webb, Chairman; Cox, Moore ( Ottawa), Peters, McDuffee, Williams (Kay), Watrous. Canals and Navigation. — ^Lindsay, Chairman; Glover, Tabor, Mad- den (Harmon), Ashby (Pushmataha), Cox, Roland, Brubaker, Vos- burgh, Blackburn, Lennox. Retrenchment and Reform. — Harris, Chairman; Ashby (Jackson), Glover, Green, Nisbett, Baldwin, Broome, Brubaker, Whitman, King, Stockton. Geological and Economic Survey. — Peery, Chairman; Cox, Jones, Williams (Kay), Cornell, Christian, Madden (Harmon), Blackburn, Acton. Impeachment and Removal From Office. — Moss, Chairman; An- thony, Folsom, Breedlove, Killam, Fisher, Peters, Marshall, Smith (Creek). State and School Lands. — Logan, Chairman; Anthony, Jones, Maxey, Frey, Crawford, Devereux, Tooley, Vogle, Smith ( Adair), Knight. « Mines and Mining — McElhaney, Chairman; Moore (Coal), Ed- wards, Webb, Smith (Adair), Cox, Chambers, Broome, Searcy. Insurance — Frey, Chairman; Jayne, Edwards, Anthony, Crawford, McClintic, Thrash, Shearer. Municipal Corporations — Bolen, Chairman; Jayne, Clark (Ataka), Madden (Roger Mills), Hammond, Killam, Porter, Anthony, Chambers. Agriculture and Agricultural Education — Peebly, Chairman; Bar- rett, Lenox, Fuller, Searcy, Smith (Adair), Tabor, Broome, Rexroat, Brooks, Prey, Williams (Comanche), James, Marshall, Ashby (Jack- son), Brubaker, Roland, Lewis, Folsom, Clarke (Kay), Davison. County and Township Organization and Government — Carson, Chairman; McElhaney, Fuller, McDuffee, Champion, Johnson, Mc- Clintic, Milburn, Brown. Relations to the Five Civilized Oklahoma Indian Tribes — Cham- bers, Chairman; Teehee, Smith (Adair), Semple, Breedlove, Knight, Folsom, Coyne, Lindsay, Blackburn, Jeffords. Federal Relations — Edwards, Chairman; Chambers, Cornell, Har- ris, Wright, Peters, Green, Barrett, Clark (Pawnee). Education — Williams (Comanche), Chairman; Woodson, Prey, Carson, Akin, Brooks, Milburn, New, Moore (Ottawa), Vosburgh, Kneeland. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT 81 Bank and Banking, Loan, Trust and Guaranty Companies — KUlam Chairman; McClintic, Jackson, Wright, Fuller, Moore (Coal), Miller (Nowata), Charles, Acton, Chambers. General Appropriations — Crawford, Chairman; Chambers, Cough- lin, Steen, Woodson, Logan, Barham, McEIhaney, Miller (Muskogee), McClintic, Semple, Charles, Jones, Miller (Nowata), Williams (Com- anche). Judiciary and Judicial Departments No. 1— Coughlin, Chairman; Bolen, Logan, Jones, Pryor, Semple, Crawford, Breedlove, Clark (Atoka), Clark (Grant), King. Judiciary and Judicial Departments No. 2— Maxey, Chairman; Ed- wards, Cornell, Champion, Chambers, Patchell, Hammond, Emanuel Jackson, Clark (Pawnee), Clayton, Wright. Criminal Jurisprudence— Semple, Chairman; Crawford, Maxey, Cor- nell, Wright, Logan, Harris, Coughlin, Miller (Muskogee), Jones. Clark (Kay). Public Printing— Whitman, Chairman; Emanuel, Moore (Coal) Anthony, Webb, Gillespie, Knight, Barrett, Devereux. Code Committee— Jones, Chairman; Crawford, Maxey, Patchell, Coughlin, Bolen, Breedlove, Champion, Edwards, Clark (Atoka) Tee- hee. Chambers, Semple, Emanuel, Pryor, Cornell, Clark (Grant) Clark (Pawnee). Private Corporations— Jayne, Chairman; Bolen, Frey Harris Pryor, Chambers, Madden (Roger Mills), McClintic, Clarke (Kay). " Pure Food and Drugs— Baldwin. Chairman; Madden (Harmon) Carson, Semple, Johnson, Nisbett, Miller (Nowata), Watrous, King. Elections— Breedlove, Chairman; Jayne, Miller (Muskogee), Craw- ford. Pryor, Coughlin, Jones, Anthony, Teehee, Charles, Vogle. « ^^Y'u^^ f^'^ Corrections— Coyne, Chairman; Anthony, Lindsey Peery, Ashby (Pushmataha), Gillespie. Logan. Cox, Vogle. rv ^^^K^^^^^°^^^ ^"^ Highways— Woodson, Chairman; Steen. Barrett Tabor. Leftwich, Ashby (Jackson), Glover, Brooks, Carson, ChrSan SmUr^Cr^ek)" ^°"^^^^' ^^^'^^^^^^ Coyne, Vosburgh, King. Searc?! Committee on Revenue and Taxation— Milburn, Chairman- An- thony, Coyne, Tabor, Killam, Rose and Tooley. Committee on Judicial and Senatorial Redlstrictmg— McClintic Chairman .-^Folsom, Moss, Jackson, Champion. Jayne! McDuffee' Coughhn, Williams (Kay), Clark (Kay), Thrash. Mcuuiree, h»n ^°'"7'"«e on Congressional Redistricting as follows: 17 mem- bers-Anthony Chairman; Crawford, Woodson, McClintic, Jayne Coyne Coughlin, Edwards, Tooley, Steen. Webb Maxey, Chanson' Kerr. Jones. Killam, Smith (Creek). v^nampion. T.r,o?°T"ll"®® on Rules— Pryor. Williams (Comanche), Crawford Jones, Anthony and Vogle. v>ia,Yvxv^xu, Journal Committee— Frey, Chambers, Campbell. Sig. 8. 82 OKLAHOMA RED BOOK Public Buildings — Teehee, Chairman; Crawford, Akin, Harris, Jackson, Jayne, Logan, Steen, Wright, Whitman, Smith (Adair), New, Charles, Kneeland, Testerman. Fees and Salaries — Miller (Muskogee) Chairman; Moss, Barham, Brooms, Edwards, Crawford, Rexroat, Fisher, Clark (Pawnee). Legal Advisory — Emanuel, Chairman; Maxey, Wright, Teehee, Harris, Patchell, Clark (Pawnee), House Employees. Sam A. Opliger Secretary to Speaker Tishomingo Syd. J. Wheeler JVIinute Clerk Kingston Jeannette Collar Asst. Journal Clerk Oklahoma City Robert M. Snelson Bill Clerk 'Checotah W. F. Durham Law and Record Clerk Tecumseh Roy E. Burks House Auditor Pauls Valley N. A. Gordon Reading Clerk Oklahoma City Luther Harrison Asst. Reading Clerk Wetumka J. S. Bell Sergeant-at-Arms Lookeba F. M. Tuttle AsslstantSergeant-at-Arms Guymon J. A. McLaughlin. Assistamt Sergeant-at-Arins . . . Chandler Seth Ledbetter Postmaster Oklahoma City Joe Haskell Messenger Muskogee J. B. Martin Messenger Muskogee Pearl Alspaugh Assistant Enrolling Clerk Shawnee Edna Bowers Assistant Enrolling Clerk Claremore Susie King Assistant Enrolling Clerk Oklahoma City Grey Moore Chief Engrossing Clerk Guthrie Helen Smith Assistant Engrossing Clerk Muskogee Delia B. Mitchell Assistant Engrossing Clerk Cherokee Albert Shields Chief Committee Clerk Enid Edna Thomas Committee Clerk Ardmore Ruth Hazel Committee Clerk Ardmore Janie Gwln Committee Clerk Ardmore Effie D. Botts Committee Clerk Hobart Garland Gale Committee Clerk Oklahoma City Pauline Bremlcker Committee Clerk Chlckasha Harry Wagner Committee Clerk Hobart Margaret Nichols Committee Clerk Oklahoma City Katherine Bremlcker Committee Clerk Chlckasha H. B. Butts Committee Clerk Muskogee A. F. Robertson Committee Clerk Tulsa J. L. King Committee Clerk Oklahoma City Anna Groves Committee Clerk Woodward Russell Ballard Messenger to Committee Guthrie R. D. Elklns Property Clerk Durant John Jels. Rankin Mail Carrier Chlckasha •C. H. Pinkley Telephone Operator Mt. Park Duncan H. Nash Custodian Valliant Raqdell Cobb Page to Speaker Wewoka Clyde Geo. Plsher Page Berwyn Louis Statton Page Guthrie Leroy F. Caateel Pa^e Boise City L.awrence Dewees Page Delhi Pay A. Bennett Page Alva Stanley Landrum Page Tahlequah Allen Wesson Page Hugo Richard King, Jr Page Duncan L. Z. Lasley Day Watchman Alva J. A. King Night Watchman Calera I. B. Littleton Cloak Room Attendant Earlsboro G. W. Oldham Cloak Room Attendant Vlnlta J. W. Singleton Cloak Room Attendant Temple W. R. Ferguson Cloak Room Attendant Lexington W, J. Harding Doorkeeper Checotah Sam H. Hargis Assistant Doorkeeper Cornish Wm. R. Reagin Assistant Law Clerk Oklahoma City LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT 83 LEGISLATIVE APPORTIONMENT, S. B. 243. (Repr«"^oitatives apportioned.) Adair Alfalfa Atoka Beaver-Harper. Beckham Blaine Bryan Caddo Canadian Carter Cherokee Choctaw Cimarron-Texas Cleveland Coal Comanche Craig Creek Custer Delaware Dewey Ellis Garfield Garvin , Grady Grant Greer Harmon , Haskell Hughes Jackson Jefferson Johnston , Kay Kingfisher Kiowa Latimer LeFlore Lincoln Logan Love McClain ! McCurtain Mcintosh , Major Marshall Mayes Murray Muskogee Noble Nowata Okfuskee Oklahoma Okmulgee Osage Ottawa Pawnee Payne Pittsburg Pontotoc 3 2 84 OKLAHOMA RED BOOK Pottawatomie Pushmataha Roger Mills Rogers Seminole Sequoyah Stephens Swanson (dissolved) Tillman Tulsa "Wagoner Washington Washita Woods Woodward 3 3 3 2 2 11111 11111 11111 112 Total 99 9S 111 104 92 LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT 85 HOUSE AND SENAT • RULES AND JOINT RULES OF THE TI IRD LEGISLATURE RULES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA. The Speaker's Duty. RULE 1. Section 1. The speaker of the House shall take the chair each day at the hour to which the House shall have adjourned, and Immediately call the House to order, and, except in the absence of a quorum, shall proceed to business in the manner prescribed by these rules. Section 2. He shall preserve order and decorum, and in debate shall prevent personal reflection and confine members to the question under discussion. When two or more members rise at the same time, he sha4l name the one entitled to the floor, and he shall not recognize a member who has risen and remained standing while another member is speaking provided any one rises after the speaker has yielded the floor, and no mem- ber shall be recognized unless he address the Speaker from his own seat. Section 3. He shall decide all questions of order subject to appeal to the House. On any appeal he shall have the right to assign his reason for decision. In case of such appeal, no member shall speak more than once. Section 4. He shall api alnt all committees except where the House shall otherwise order. Section 5. He may subst! tute any member to perform the duties of the chair, but such substitution shall not extend beyond adjournment. Section 6. He shall have general control of the corridors and passages to the House and shall assign the committee rooms for the various com- mittees. Section 7. He shall preserve order and decorum, and in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct in the galleries or In the lobby may cause the same to be cleared. Section 8. He shall certify the passage of all bills and resolutions as required by the Constitution. Section 9. He shall assign seats to authorized reporters of the press, who shall have the right to pass to and from such seats on entering or leaving the Chamber. No reporter shall appear before any of the com- mittees in advocacy of, or in opposition to, anything under discussion before such committee. A violation of this rule will be sufficient to cause the removal of such reporter. Removal for this cause shall be vested in the Speaker. 86 OKLAHOMA RED B0(/ K Section 10. In case of a ballot by the Ho ise, and on all questions where the ayes and nays are called, the Spea' er shall vote last, under the title of "Mr. Speaker." Section 11. He shall also be ex-officio men ber and chairman of the Committee on Rules. ORDER OF BUSINESS. RULE 2. Section 1 — 1. Prayer. 2. Roll Call. 3. Reading of Journal. 4. Petitions and Memorials. 5. Reports of Select Committees. 6. Reports of Standing Committees. 7. Motions, Resolutions and Notices. ■ 8. Unfinished Business. 9. Introduction of Bills. 10. Executive Messages or other Executive Communications. 11. Message from the Senate and Senate Amendments to House Bills. 12. Bills and Resolutions from the Senate on their First Reading. 13. House Bills and Joint Resolutions on Second Reading. 14. Senate Bills and Joint Resolutions on Third Reading. Section 2. The order of business prescribed in the second rule shall be used each day, beginning with the first item and going down to and Including the seventh item, before completing the catalog of items begun on the previous day; provided not more than one hour daily shall be devoted to so much of said order as is embriced in the fourth to the seventh inclusive. Section 3. The Journal shall be typewritt >n and after the same is approved, shall be signed by the Speaker and a Itested by the Chief Clerk In the presence of the House. ORDER AND DECORUM. RULE 3. Section 1. No member rising to debate, to give notice, make a motion or present a paper of any kind, shall proceed until he shall have addressed the Speaker, and has been recognized by him as entitled to the floor. "While the Speaker is putting the question or count is being had, no member shall speak or leave his place; and while a member is speaking no member shall enter into any private conversation or pass between him and the chair. Section 2. When a motion to adjourn, or for a recess shall be carried, no m'ember or officer shall leave his place until the adjournment or recess shall be declared by the Speaker. Section 3. No person, except members of the House and the officers thereof, shall be permitted within the Chief Clark's desk, or the room set apart for the use of the Chief Clerk during the sessions of the House, and no member or other person shall visit or re nain by the Chief Clerk's table while the ayes and nayes are being call© 1. Section 4. No member shall speak mor« than once on the sam« question, until every member desiring to spe.Jc on such question shall have spoken; nor more than twice on any question without leave of the House. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT 87 Section 5. All questions relating to the transgression of the rules of the House, the Speaker shall, or any member may, call him to order, In which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down, and shall not rise unless to explain or proceed in order. Section 6. All questions relating to the priority of one question or subject matter over another, under tlie same order of business or the suspension of any rule, shall be decided without debate. Section 7. No member or other person shall be permitted to smoke on the floor of the House or in the gallery during sessions. STANDING COMMITTEES AND THEIR DUTIES. RULE 4. Section 1. The Speaker of the House shall appoint the following standing committees to report upon the subjects named and such other matters as may be referred to them: (1 On Rules and Procedure, to consist of seven members. (2) On Judiciary No. 1, to consist of eleven members. On Judiciary No. 2, to consist of twelve members. On Criminal Jurisprudence, to consist of eleven members. On Legal Advisory, to consist of seven members. On General Appropriations, to consist of fifteen members. On Congressional Redistricting, to consist of seventeen members, On Judicial and Senatorial Redistricting, to consist of eleven (3 (4 (5 (6 (7 ( members (9 (10 (11 (12 (13 consist (14 (15 (16 (17 (18 (19 (20 (21 (22 (23 (24 (25 (26 (27 consist (28 consist (29 (30 (31 (32 (33 (34 On Public Service Corporations, to consist of eleven members. On Revenue and Taxation, to consist of seven members. On Education, to consist of eleven members. On General Agriculture to consist of twenty-one members. On Banks and Banking, Loan, Trust and Guaranty Companies, to of ten members. On State and School Lands to consist of sixteen members. On Public Buildings, to consist of sixteen members. On Charities and Corrections, to consist of nine members. On Public RoETds and Highways, to consist of eighteen members. On Prohibition Enforcement, to consist of eighteen members. On Elections, to consist of eleven members. On Labor and Arbitration, to consist of fifteen n>embers. On Pure Food and Drugs, to consist of nine members. On Practice of Medicine, to consist of nine members. On Oil and Gas, to consist of nine members. On Mines and Mining, to consist of nine members. On Insurance, to consist of nine members. On Municipal Corporations, to consist of nine members. On Initiative and Referendum and Legislative Departments, to of eleven members. On County and Township Organization and Government, to of nine members. On State Militia, to consist of nine members. On Pharmacy, to consist of seven members. On Dentistry, to consist of five members. On Code, to consist of eighteen members. On Constitutional Amendments, to consist of nine members. On Cotton Warehouses and Grain Elevators, to consist. of fifteen members. (35) On Relation to the Five Civilzied and other Indian Tribes of Oklahoma, to consist of eleven members. 88 OKLAHOMA RED BOOK (36) On Protection of Birds, Fish and Game to consist of eleven members. (37) On Purcliase of Coal and Asplialt Lands, to consist of eleven members. (38) On Manufacturers and Commerce, to consist of eleven members. (39) On Canals and Navigation, to consist of eleven members. (40) On House Expense and Public Accounts, to consist of seven members. (41) On Retrenchment and Reform, to consist of eleven members. (42) On Public Printing, to consist of nine members. (43) On Impeachment and Removal from Office, to consist of nine members. (44) On Geological and Economic Survey, to consist of nine members. On Public Health and Sanitation, to consist of nine members. On Private corporations, to consist of nine members. On Fees and Salaries, to consist of nine members. On Levees, Drains, Ditches and Irrigation, to consist of nin» (45) (46) (47) (47) members. (49) On Investigation of Judiciary and Executive Departments, consist of nine members. (50) On Enrollment, to consist of three members. (51) On Engrossment, to consist of three members. (52) On Federal Relations, to consist of nine members. (53) On Libraries, to consist of five members. to COMMITTEE ON PRINTING. RULE 5. Section 1. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Printing to examine and report on all questions referred to them; to examine from time to time, and ascertain whether the prices charged for printing and the quantities and qualities furnished are in conformity with the orders of the House, and the conditions fixed by it; to ascertain and report the number of copies to be printed and how distributed; and to report to the House, from time to time, any measures they may deem useful for the economical and proper management of the House printing. Section 2. It shall be the duty of the Committee on House Accounts and Expenses to Inquire into the expenditures of the House and whether proper vouchers exist for the same, and whether funds provided for the purpose are economically applied, and to report from time to time such regulations as may conduce to economy, and the proper disbursements of the moneys appropriated by law. Section 3. It shall be the duty of the Committee on House Accounts and Expenses to require the Chief Clerk to produce receipts for all sup- plies, furniture and fixtures bought by or on behalf of the House and no purchase shall be made unless ordered by said committee. COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE. RULE 6. Section 1. All appropriation bills shall be considered by the Com- mittee of .the Whole. All other bills may, on motion, be referred to the Committee of the Whole. All bills, and resoliltions shall be referred to the committees either by the Speaker or on motion of the House, unless the rules are suspended and the same placed on the calendar. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT 89 Section 2. Any matter may be committed to the Committee of the TVTiole after the report or discharge of a standing committee or select committee or by unanimous consent without report or discharge. The same rules shall be observed in Committee or the Whole as in the House, so far as the same are applicable, except that the previous qustion shall not apply nor the ayes and nays be taken. Section 3. A motion to "rise and report progress," shall be in order at any time and shall be decided without debate. A motion to "rise and report" is not in order until each section and the title have been considered unless the limit of time iias expired. Section 4. Proposed resolutions or bills and other matters shall be considered in Committee of the Wliole, in the following manner, viz: They shall first be read through by the clerk, and then read and considered by section. When the limit of time has expired, the provisions which have been- proposed and not acted upon shall be subject to consideration by the committee at a subsequent sitting, and the committee shall then arise and report in accordance with the action which it has taken. If the com- mittee shall have adopted and proposed provisions, the same shall be reported complete, with any amendments made in committee incorporated In their proper places. Section 5. No member in Committee of the Whole shall speak longer than ten minutes, except by consent of the committee. Section 6. In forming the Committee of the Whole, the Speaker shall leave the chair, having first appointed a chairman to preside in the Committee, who shall take his seat in the Speaker's chair and the Speaker shall occupy the chair vacated by the member acting as Chairman of the Committee of the Whole. MOTION TO RE-COMMIT. \ RULE 7. A motion may be made during the reading or consideration of any proposed bill, to re-commit it, with instructions but the instructions shall be in writing, and such motion shall not be debatable. RESOLUTIONS RULE 8. Section 1. The following classes of resolutions shall lie over one day for consideration, after which they may be called up as of course, under their appropriate order of business. Section 2. Resolutions containing calls for information from any of the Executive or Judicial departments, from territorial, tribal, county and municipal officers, or from any corporate bodies or persons. Section 3. Resolutions giving rise to debate, except such as shall relate to the disposition of business Immediately before the House, to the business of the day, on which they may be offered, or to adjournments or recesses, shall be referred to committees. Section 4. All resolutions for printing an extra number of documents shall be referred, as of course, to the standing committees on printing for its report thereon before final action by the House. Section 5. All resolutions authorizing or contemplating expenditures for the purposes of the House shall be referred to th standing committee on House Accounts and Expenses for its report thereon, before final action by the House, 90 OKLAHOMA RED BOOK ATTENDANCE OF MEMBERS. RULE 9. Section 1. No member shall absent himself from the sessions of the House without leave. Section 2. If, at any time during the daily sessions of the House a question shall be raised by any member as to the presence of a quorum the Speaker shall forthwith direct the clerk to call the roll and shall an- nounce the result, and these proceedings shall be without debate. Section 3. Wherever upon such a roll call it shall be ascertained that a quoruni is not present, a majority of the members present may direct the sergeant at arms to request, and, when necessary, to compel, the attendance of the absent members, which order shall be determined with- out debate; and pending its execution and until a quorum shall be present ' no debate or motion, except to adjourn, shall be in order. AUTHOR'S NAME. RULE 10. All bills, resolutions and memorials or other papers shall be accom- panied by the name of the member presenting the same, also the county or district he represents. ROLL CALL. J RULE 11.
| 32,713 |
https://github.com/mdkhyruzzaman/minipos/blob/master/app/Http/Controllers/UserReceiptsController.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
minipos
|
mdkhyruzzaman
|
PHP
|
Code
| 89 | 339 |
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\User;
use App\Receipt;
use App\Http\Requests\ReceiptRequest;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
class UserReceiptsController extends Controller
{
public function __construct() {
$this->data['tab_manu'] = 'receipts' ;
}
public function index($id) {
$this->data['user'] = User::FindOrFail($id);
return view('users.receipts.receipts', $this->data);
}
public function store(ReceiptRequest $request, $user_id) {
$formData = $request->all();
$formData['user_id'] = $user_id;
$formData['admin_id'] = Auth::id();
Receipt::create($formData);
return redirect()->route('users.receipts', [ 'id' => $user_id ])->with([ 'message' => 'Receipt Added Successfully' ]);
}
public function destroy($user_id, $receipt_id) {
Receipt::destroy($receipt_id);
return redirect()->route('users.receipts', [ 'id' => $user_id ])->with([ 'message' => 'Receipt Deleted Successfully' ]);
}
}
| 13,946 |
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledanapis%20pilupilu
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Caledanapis pilupilu
|
https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caledanapis pilupilu&action=history
|
Dutch
|
Spoken
| 37 | 79 |
Caledanapis pilupilu is een spinnensoort in de taxonomische indeling van de Dwergkogelspinnen (Anapidae).
Het dier behoort tot het geslacht Caledanapis. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1981 door Brignoli.
Dwergkogelspinnen
| 15,029 |
2021/Cover note_518/Cover note_FI.pdf_4
|
Eurlex
|
Open Government
|
CC-By
| 2,021 |
None
|
None
|
Finnish
|
Spoken
| 7,620 | 24,673 |
6.6 RE-C06-i03 T Aikuisten taitojen
parantamista tukeviin
toimenpiteisiin
osallistuvien määrän
lisäys Lukumäärä 0 145 50
0 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2025 Niiden aikuisten määrän lisäys (23+), jotka ovat
osallistuneet johonkin seuraavista koulutuksista: i)
aikuisille tarkoitetut B1/B2/B3 -tason
peruskoulutuskurssit, joita toteutetaan paikallisissa
hankkeissa, joissa hyödynnetään aikuislukutaitoa
koskevan kansallisen suunnitelman parantamista; ii)
vähän koulutettujen aiku isten pätevyyksien
tunnustamista, validointia ja sertifiointia koskevat
koulutuspolut (RVCC); ja iii) korkeakoulujen ja yritysten
yhteenliittymien järjestämät lyhytkestoiset korkea -asteen
kurssit.
6.7 RE-C06-i04 T Ciência Viva -kerhojen
määrän lisäys Lukumäärä 0 650 Kolm
as
neljä
nnes 2025 Ciência Viva -kerhojen verkostoon lisättyjen uusien
STEAM -aineisiin keskittyvien kerhojen määrä; kerhojen
tavoitteena on levittää tieteellisiä arvoja keskiasteen
kouluverkostossa muun muassa luomalla kumppanuuksia
yliopistojen ja tutkimuskeskusten kanssa sekä
järjestämällä seminaareja ja työpajoja.
6.8 RE-C06-i04 T STEAM -alojen
korkeakoulututkinnon
suorittaneiden
opiskelijoiden määrän Lukumäärä 0 7500 Ensi
mmä
inen
neljä2025 Korkea -asteen tutkinnon STEAM -aineissa
(luonnontieteet, teknologia, insinööritieteet, taideala ja
matematiikka) suorittaneiden määrän lisäys: alempi
korkeakoulututkinto ja lyhytkestoiset kurssit (1 ja 2
83
lisäys nnes vuotta) verrattuna vuoteen 2020.
6.9 RE-C06-i04 T STEAM -aineissa
korkeakoulututkinnon
suorittaneiden
opiskelijoiden määrän
lisäys Lukumäärä 7 500 10 000 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2025 Korkea -asteen tutkinnon STEAM -aineissa
(luonnontieteet, teknologia, insinööritieteet, taideala ja
matematiikka) suorittaneiden määrän lisäys: alempi
korkeakoulututkinto ja lyhytkestoiset kurssit (1 ja 2
vuotta) verrattuna vuoteen 2020.
6.10 RE-C06-i05-RAA T Azorien autonomisella
alueella keskiasteen
jälkeiseen ja korkea -
asteen koulutukseen
ilmoittautuneiden
aikuisten määrän
lisäys Lukumäärä 0 1 145 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2025 Azorien autonomisella alueella keskiasteen jälkeiseen ja
korkea -asteen koulutukseen ilmoittautuneiden aikuisten
määrän lisäys.
6.11 RE-C06-i05-RAA T Parannetut
ammattikoulut
Azorien autonomisella
alueella Lukumäärä 0 17 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2025 Niiden ammattikoulujen määrä, jotka ovat hyötyneet
työpajojen, laboratorioiden ja tietokonehuoneiden
kunnostamisesta ja uusien laitteiden hankinnasta
tekniikan kehityksen mukaisesti. Jos infrastruktuurin
parantamiseen liittyy rakennusten kunnostamista,
rakennusten energiatehokkuutta parantavat
peruskorjaukset ovat keskimäärin vähintään rakennusten
peruskorjauksista annetussa komission suosituksessa
(EU) 2019/786 määriteltyjä tasoltaan melk o perusteellisia
peruskorjauksia.
6.12 RE-C06-r14 V Koulutuspaikkojen
lisääminen Lukumäärä 0 20 000 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2025 Kansallisen tutkintoluettelon (CNQ) päivityksen jälkeen
avattujen uusien ammattikoulutuspaikkojen määrä
uusilla aloilla taitojen ennakointiselvityksen (SANQ)
perusteella.
6.13 RE-C06-r15 V Korkea -asteen
koulutukseen pääsyä
koskevien
erityishakujen
perustamisesta
annetun lain
voimaantulo Korkea -asteen
koulutukseen
pääsyä
koskevien
erityishakujen
perustamisesta
annetun lain
voimaantulo Toin
en
neljä
nnes 2020 Laki, jolla perustetaan erityishakuja korkea -asteen
koulutukseen pääsemiseksi opiskelijoille, jotka ovat
suorittaneet keskiasteen koulutuksen ammatillisten
kanavien ja taidealan erikoiskurssien kautta.
84
6.14 RE-C06-r15 V Korkeakoulujen
yhteistyötä
julkishallinnon ja
yritysten kanssa
sääntelevän uuden
oikeudellisen
kehyksen voimaantulo Korkeakoulujen
yhteistyötä
julkishallinnon
ja yritysten
kanssa
sääntelevän
uuden
oikeudellisen
kehyksen
voimaantulo Toin
en
neljä
nnes 2021 Korkea -asteen oppilaitosten yhteistyötä julkishallinnon ja
yritysten kanssa sääntelevän uuden oikeudellisen
kehyksen voimaantulo, mukaan lukien i) korkea -asteen
oppilaitosten yhteistyöverkostojen perustaminen
yhteistyössä työnantajien kanssa, muun muassa
edistämällä korkea -asteen peruskoulutusta,
innovaatiohankkeita ja yrityksille tarjottavia palveluja, ii)
oikeudellisen aseman muuttaminen sen selventämiseksi,
missä olosuhteissa ulkopuolinen asiantuntija voi suorittaa
opetus - tai johtotehtäviä korkea -asteen oppilaitoksissa
liikkuvuuden edistämiseksi korkeakoulujen ja liike -
elämän välillä; iii) vahvistetaan korkea -asteen
oppilaitosten ja yrit ysten
yhteishallinnointiyhteenliittymiä.
6.15 RE-C06-r16 V Säänneltyjä
ammatteja koskevan
lain voimaantulo Säänneltyjä
ammatteja
koskevan lain
voimaantulo Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2022 Sellaisen lain voimaantulo, jolla muun muassa i)
erotetaan toisistaan sääntely - ja edustustehtävät
ammatillisissa yhdistyksissä; ii) supistetaan säänneltyjen
ammattien luetteloa. Ammattiin pääsyä voidaan rajoittaa
ainoastaan perustuslaillisten etujen turvaamiseksi
tarpeellisuus - ja suhteellisuusperiaatteiden mukaisesti;
iii) poistetaan yrityspalveluja tarjoavien yritysten
omistusta ja johtamista koskevat rajoitukset edellyttäen,
että johtajat noudattavat eturistiriitojen ehkäisemistä
koskevaa oikeudellista järjestelmää; ja iv)
mahdollistetaan monialaiset yrityspalvelut.
6.16 RE-C06-r17 V Alustatyötä
sääntelevän lain
voimaantulo Alustatyötä
sääntelevän lain
voimaantulo Ensi
mmä
inen
neljä
nnes 2023 Alustatyön sääntelyä koskevan lain voimaantulo, jotta
voidaan vastata epätyypillisten työsopimusten
synnyttämiin uusiin haasteisiin Euroopan sosiaalisten
oikeuksien pilarin periaatteiden mukaisesti. Lain
tavoitteena on vahvistaa työmarkkinasuhteita ja
oikeuksien saatavuutta.
6.17 RE-C06-r18 V Vahvistetaan
Portugalin
samapalkkaisuuden
hallintajärjestelmä Sääntöjen
julkaiseminen Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2024 Säännöt ovat Islannin standardiin (ÍST 85: 2012)
perustuva vapaaehtoinen järjestelmä, jossa annetaan
julkinen tunnustus yrityksille, jotka ovat tosiasiallisesti
panneet täytäntöön samapalkkaisuuspolitiikkaa.
Todistuksilla vahvistetaan, että palkkapäätökset
perustuvat kokonaisuudessaan asiaankuuluviin
näkökohtiin.
6.18 RE-C06-r18 V Ilmoitus yrityksille,
joissa on yli 50
työntekijää ja joissa on Ilmoitus
yrityksille, joissa
on yli 50 Viim
eine
n 2024 Ilmoitus yrityksille, joissa on yli 50 työntekijää ja joissa on
merkittäviä eroja samaa työtä koskevissa sukupuolten
palkkatasoissa, velvollisuudesta toimittaa
85
merkittäviä
sukupuolten
palkkaeroja työntekijää ja
joissa on
merkittäviä
sukupuolten
palkkaeroja neljä
nnes työsuojelutarkastusosastolle toimintasuunnitelma
sukupuolten palkkaeroihin puuttumiseksi
toimintasuunnitelman täytäntöönpanon av ulla
86 G. KOMPONENTTI 7: Infrastruktuuri
Portugalin elpymis - ja palautumissuunnitelman tällä komponentilla vastataan vähäisen
alueellisen yhteenkuuluvuuden ja sisämaan yritysten heikon kilpailukyvyn haasteeseen, joka
johtuu riittämättömistä yhteyksistä tieverkkoon. Tämä aiheuttaa yrityksille
taustakustannuksia, kuten vähäisistä tieyhteyksistä johtuvia kuljetuskustannuksia tai
kustannuksia, jotka johtuvat vaikeuksista houkutella ammattitaitoista henkilöstöä. Toinen
haaste on tarve vähentää päästöjä liikenteessä ja yrityspuistoissa.
Komponentin tav oitteena on lisätä alueellista yhteenkuuluvuutta ja parantaa kilpailukykyä
sisämaan alueiden taloudellisen kehityksen edistämiseksi. Latausasemien käyttöönoton avulla
pyritään edistämään tieliikenteen hiilestä irtautumista.
Tätä varten komponentin tavoitt eena on tehdä yrityspuistoista kestävämpiä ja digitaalisempia
ja parantaa niiden yhteyksiä tieverkkoon. Sillä pyritään myös parantamaan tieliikenteen
yhteyksiä laajentamalla tieverkkoa, esimerkiksi rakentamalla puuttuvia yhteyksiä, myös
Azoreilla, ja tarjo amalla neljä rajat ylittävää yhteyttä. Sähköajoneuvojen julkisten
latausasemien verkon laajentamisen nopeuttamisen odotetaan auttavan pienentämään
Portugalin tieliikennealan hiilijalanjälkeä ja tekemään siitä kestävämmän. Tämä investointi on
täydentävä toi menpide tieinfrastruktuurin laajentamiseksi komission ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -
periaatetta koskevien ohjeiden mukaisesti (2021/C58/01).
Komponentilla tuetaan maakohtaista suositusta investointien kohdentamisesta vihreään
siirtymään siten, että otetaan hu omioon alueelliset erot (maakohtainen suositus nro 3, 2019 ja
maakohtainen suositus nro 3, 2020) ja tuetaan digitaaliteknologioiden käyttöä yritysten
kilpailukyvyn parantamiseksi (maakohtainen suositus nro 2, 2020).
Odotuksena on, ettei mistään tämän kompo nentin toimenpiteistä aiheudu asetuksen (EU)
2020/852 17 artiklassa tarkoitettua merkittävää haittaa ympäristötavoitteille, kun otetaan
huomioon toimenpiteiden kuvaus ja ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -periaatteesta annettujen
teknisten ohjeiden (2021/C58/01) mu kaiset lieventävät toimenpiteet, jotka on esitetty
suunnitelmassa.
G.1. Kuvaus uudistuksista ja investoinneista, joita rahoitetaan rahoitustuella,
jota ei makseta takaisin
Investointi RE -C07-i00: Sähköajoneuvojen latausverkon laajentaminen
Toimenpiteen tavoitteena on edistää tieliikenteen hiilestä irtautumista edistämällä sähköistä
liikkuvuutta.
Investoinnin tarkoituksena on varmistaa, että Portugalissa on toiminnassa 15 000 julkisesti
saatavilla olevaa latauspistettä. Se on liitännäistoime npide tieinfrastruktuuriin liittyville
investoinneille C07 -I02, I03, I04 ja I05, jotta voidaan varmistaa ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -
periaatteen noudattaminen ilmastonmuutoksen hillitsemisen sekä pilaantumisen ehkäisemisen
ja vähentämisen tavoitteiden osalta . Yksityisistä yhteisöistä on tullut verkon laajentamisen
päätoimijoita. Portugalin valtio keskittää investointinsa Mobi.E -verkon
hallinnointijärjestelmään ja markkinoiden toimintapuutteiden korjaamiseen tukemalla
investointeja alueilla, joilla yksityinen sektori ei varmista tarvittavaa kattavuutta.
Investointi on tarkoitus toteuttaa 31 päivään joulukuuta 2025 mennessä.
Investointi RE -C07-i01: Yritysten sijoittamisalueet
Toimenpiteen tavoitteena on nykyaikaistaa yritysten sijoittamisalueita, jotka ovat toi mistojen,
tehtaiden ja muiden yritysten sijaintipaikoiksi kaavoitettuja alueita. Yrityspuistojen
87 nykyaikaistaminen on yksi Portugalin vuoden 2030 kansallisessa
infrastruktuurisuunnitelmassa (PNI 2030) määritellyistä investointitarpeista.
Investointi koostu u valikoiduissa yrityspuistoissa toteutettavista toimista, joihin kuuluvat
uusiutuvan energian tuotanto - ja varastointijärjestelmien edistäminen, energiavakauden
parantamiseen tähtäävät pilottitoimet, sähkö - ja vetylatausasemien asentaminen, 5G -verkon
kattavuuden parantaminen ja aktiiviset palontorjuntatoimet. Nämä ympäristökestävyyteen ja
digitalisaatioon liittyvät toimet on toteutettava kymmenellä yritysten sijoittamisalueella, jotka
valitaan julkisella tarjouskilpailulla.
Investoinnin odotetaan valmistu van 31 päivään joulukuuta 2025 mennessä.
Investointi RE -C07-i02: Puuttuvat yhteydet ja verkoston kapasiteetin lisääminen
Toimenpiteen tavoitteena on parantaa alueellista yhteenkuuluvuutta ja kilpailukykyä
rakentamalla puuttuvia yhteyksiä tieverkossa. Nämä puuttuvat yhteydet heikentävät tieverkon
suorituskykyä ja johtavat yritysten kilpailukyvyn heikkenemiseen. Investoinnilla pyritään
myös puuttumaan ruuhkiin, parantamaan liikenneturvallisuutta ja ilmanlaatua sekä
vähentämään melua teiden läheisyydessä.
Investointi koostuu teiden rakentamisesta ja kunnostamisesta. Toimiin kuuluvat muun muassa
kaupunkiristeysten poistaminen ja raidekapasiteetin riittävyyden varmistaminen, tärkeimpien
liikennekäytävien ja multimodaalisten rajapintojen saavutettavuuden parantami nen.
Tukitoimiin sisältyvät TEN -T-verkkoon kuuluvien teiden, kuten IP2 Évoran itäisen ohitustien
tai IP8:n, parantaminen.
Odotuksena on, ettei tästä toimenpiteestä aiheudu asetuksen (EU) 2020/852 17 artiklassa
tarkoitettua merkittävää haittaa ympäristötav oitteille, kun otetaan huomioon toimenpiteen
kuvaus ja ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -periaatteesta annettujen teknisten ohjeiden (2021/C58/01)
mukaiset lieventävät toimenpiteet, jotka on esitetty elpymis - ja palautumissuunnitelmassa.
Erityisesti ”ei merkittävä ä haittaa” -periaatteen noudattaminen varmistetaan
liitännäistoimenpiteenä toteutettavalla investoinnilla C07 -I0 (sähköajoneuvojen latausverkon
laajentaminen). Kaikista tiehankkeista, joilla voi olla merkittäviä kielteisiä
ympäristövaikutuksia, tehdään dir ektiivin 2011/92/EU mukainen ympäristövaikutusten
arviointi, jotta varmistetaan, että hankkeessa noudatetaan tiukasti ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -
periaatetta infrastruktuurin rakennus -, käyttö - ja käytöstäpoistovaiheissa.
Hankkeessa rakennetaan tai paranneta an teitä yhteensä 111 kilometriä. Suunnitteilla on
seuraavat teitä koskevat toimet:
- EN14: Trofan/Santanan maantie -/rautatierajapinta, mukaan lukien uusi Ave -joen
ylittävä silta;
- EN14: Maia (Via Diagonal) -tien ja rautateiden rajapinta Trofassa;
- EN4: Ata laian ohitustie;
- IC35: Penafiel (EN15) / Rans;
- IC35: Rans / Entre -os Rios;
- IP2: Évoran itäinen ohitustie;
- yhteys Baiãosta Ermidan sillalle;
- tieakseli Aveiro –Águeda;
- EN344: 67 –75 km – Pampilhosa da Serra;
- EN125: Olhãon itäinen ohitustie;
- IC2 (EN1): Meirinhas (136 km) / Pombal (148 km);
- IP8 (EN121): Ferreira do Alentejo / Beja, mukaan lukien Beringelin ohitustie;
88 - IP8 (EN259): Sta. Margarida do Sadon / Ferreira do Alentejon, mukaan lukien
Figueira de Cavaleiros, ohitustie;
- IP8 (A26): Sinesin ja A2:n välisen yhteyden kapasiteetin lisääminen;
- EN211 – Quintãn/Mesquinhatan ohitustie.
Investointi on tarkoitus toteuttaa 31 päivään joulukuuta 2025 mennessä.
Investointi RE -C07-i03: Eri jäsenvaltioissa toimivien arvopaperikaupan
selvitysjärjestelmien väliset linkit
Toimenpiteen tavoitteena on edistää rajatylittävän liikkuvuuden kehittämistä ja parantaa
yritysten kilpailukykyä esimerkiksi edistämällä työvoiman liikkuvuutta. Suuren kapasiteetin
käytävien vahvistamisella pyritään myös mahdollistamaan infr astruktuurin, kuten Sanabrian
suurnopeusrautatien ja Bragançan lentopaikan, yleinen käyttö ja parantamaan
liikenneturvallisuutta.
Investointi koostuu tieinfrastruktuurin luomisesta ja parantamisesta rajat ylittävien yhteyksien
vahvistamiseksi Espanjan kanssa.
Odotuksena on, ettei tästä toimenpiteestä aiheudu asetuksen (EU) 2020/852 17 artiklassa
tarkoitettua merkittävää haittaa ympä ristötavoitteille, kun otetaan huomioon toimenpiteen
kuvaus ja ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -periaatteesta annettujen teknisten ohjeiden (2021/C58/01)
mukaiset lieventävät toimenpiteet, jotka on esitetty elpymis - ja palautumissuunnitelmassa.
Erityisesti ”ei me rkittävää haittaa” -periaatteen noudattaminen varmistetaan
liitännäistoimenpiteenä toteutettavalla investoinnilla C07 -I0 (sähköajoneuvojen latausverkon
laajentaminen). Kaikista tiehankkeista, joilla voi olla merkittäviä kielteisiä
ympäristövaikutuksia, teh dään direktiivin 2011/92/EU mukainen ympäristövaikutusten
arviointi, jotta varmistetaan, että hankkeessa noudatetaan tiukasti ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -
periaatetta infrastruktuurin rakennus -, käyttö - ja käytöstäpoistovaiheissa. Hankkeessa
rakennetaan tai p arannetaan teitä yhteensä 30 kilometriä. Suunnitteilla on seuraavat teitä
koskevat toimet:
- EN103: Vinhais/Bragança (ohitustie);
- yhteys Bragançasta Puebla de Sanabriaan (Espanja);
- kansainvälinen Sever -joen ylittävä silta;
- silta Alcoutim – Saluncar de Guadia na (Espanja).
Investointi on tarkoitus toteuttaa 31 päivään joulukuuta 2025 mennessä.
Investointi RE -C07-i04: Yritysten sijoittamisalueet – saavutettavuus teitse
Toimenpiteiden tavoitteena on parantaa yrityspuistojen kilpailukykyä parantamalla niiden
tieve rkkoyhteyksiä, millä edistetään maaseutualueiden uudelleenteollistamista.
Investointi koostuu tieinfrastruktuurin laajentamiseen ja parantamiseen tehtävistä
investoinneista. Se täydentää investointia RE -CCT -C7-I1, jolla pyritään nykyaikaistamaan
yrityspuis toja.
Odotuksena on, ettei tästä toimenpiteestä aiheudu asetuksen (EU) 2020/852 17 artiklassa
tarkoitettua merkittävää haittaa ympäristötavoitteille, kun otetaan huomioon toimenpiteen
kuvaus ja ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -periaatteesta annettujen teknisten ohjeiden (2021/C58/01)
mukaiset lieventävät toimenpiteet, jotka on esitetty elpymis - ja palautumissuunnitelmassa.
Erityisesti ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -periaatteen noudattaminen varmistetaan
liitännäistoimenpiteenä toteutettavalla investoinnilla C07 -I0 (sä hköajoneuvojen latausverkon
laajentaminen). Kaikista tiehankkeista, joilla voi olla merkittäviä kielteisiä
ympäristövaikutuksia, tehdään direktiivin 2011/92/EU mukainen ympäristövaikutusten
89 arviointi, jotta varmistetaan, että hankkeessa noudatetaan tiukast i ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -
periaatetta infrastruktuurin rakennus -, käyttö - ja käytöstäpoistovaiheissa. Hankkeessa
rakennetaan tai parannetaan teitä yhteensä 42 kilometriä. Suunnitteilla on seuraavat teitä
koskevat toimet:
- yhteys Mundãon teollisuuspuistoon : poistetaan rajoitukset tien EN229 Viseu/Sátão -
osuudella;
- yhteys Mundãon teollisuuspuistoon: EN229 – entinen IP5 / Mundãon teollisuuspuisto;
- pääsy Riachosin teollisuusalueelle;
- IC8:n (Ansião) yhteys Camporêsin yrityspuistoon;
- EN10 -4: Setúbal/Mitrena;
- yhteys Fontiscosin teollisuuspuistoon ja Ermidan (Santo Tirso) solmukohdan
kunnostaminen;
- A8:n liittäminen Torres Vedrasissa sijaitsevaan Palhagueirasin teollisuuspuistoon;
- A11:n liittäminen Cabeça de Porcan (Felgueiras) teollisuusalueeseen;
- EN 114:n li ittäminen Rio Maiorin teollisuusalueeseen;
- parannetaan pääsyä Lavagueirasin yritysalueelle (Castelo de Paiva);
- Campo Maiorin teollisuusalueen saavutettavuuden parantaminen;
- EN248 (Arruda dos Vinhos) – ohitustie;
- Aljustrelin ohitustie – parannetaan pääsyä kaivosalueelle ja yritysalueelle;
- Via do Tâmega (EN210) (Celorico de Basto) – ohitustie;
- IC2:n liittäminen Casarãon teollisuuspuistoon;
- Rio Liman uusi risteytys EN203:n (Deocriste) ja EN202:n (Nogueira) välillä ;
- liikenneympyrä EN246 ja pääsy Portalegren teollisuusalueelle;
- pääsy Aveparkiin – Tiede - ja teknologiapuisto Taipas (Guimarães);
- pääsy Vale do Neivan teollisuusalueelle A28:n solmukohdassa.
Investointi on tarkoitus toteuttaa 31 päivään joulukuuta 2025 mennessä.
Investointi RE -C07-i05-RAA: Logistiikkapiirit – Azorien alueellinen verkosto
Toimenpiteen tavoitteena on luoda edellytykset tasapainoisemmalle talouskehitykselle
tukemalla talouden to imijoita suurten kaupunkikeskusten ulkopuolella. Toimilla pyritään
myös lyhentämään matkoja ja matka -aikoja ja vähentämään ruuhkia.
Investointi koostuu Azorien tieinfrastruktuurin laajentamisesta ja parantamisesta. Sen
tavoitteena on parantaa väestökeskust en ja taloudellisen toiminnan solmukohtien sekä kunkin
saaren tärkeimpien sisääntuloinfrastruktuurien saavutettavuutta. Sen tarkoituksena on myös
tukea kiertoteiden rakentamista tärkeimpiin kaupunkikeskuksiin ja vähentää kaupunkien halki
kulkevia teitä.
Odotuksena on, ettei tästä toimenpiteestä aiheudu asetuksen (EU) 2020/852 17 artiklassa
tarkoitettua merkittävää haittaa ympäristötavoitteille, kun otetaan huomioon toimenpiteen
kuvaus ja ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -periaatteesta annettujen teknisten ohjeiden (2021/C58/01)
mukaiset lieventävät toimenpiteet, jotka on esitetty elpymis - ja palautumissuunnitelmassa.
Erityisesti ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -periaatteen noudattaminen varmistetaan
liitännäistoimenpiteenä toteutettavalla investoinnilla C07 -I0 (sähköajone uvojen latausverkon
laajentaminen). Kaikista tiehankkeista, joilla voi olla merkittäviä kielteisiä
ympäristövaikutuksia, tehdään direktiivin 2011/92/EU mukainen ympäristövaikutusten
arviointi, jotta varmistetaan, että hankkeessa noudatetaan tiukasti ”ei me rkittävää haittaa” -
periaatetta infrastruktuurin rakennus -, käyttö - ja käytöstäpoistovaiheissa. Hankkeessa
rakennetaan tai parannetaan teitä yhteensä 34 kilometriä. Suunnitteilla on seuraavat teitä
koskevat toimet:
90 - Ilha de Santa Maria
o Vila do Porton ohitus tie
- Ilha de São Miguel
o saavutettavuuden parantaminen Furnas/Povoação – 1. vaihe: Furnasin ohitustie
o Capelasin ohitustie
o São Roquen ohitustie
o Portal do Venton ohitustie
- Ilha Terceira
o esteettömyyden, liikkuvuuden ja liikenneturvallisuuden edistäminen – Via
Vitorino Nemésion ja Angra Circularin välinen yhteystie
- Ilha Graciosa
o E.R. 3 -2ª:n ja E.R. 4 -2ª:n välinen yhteys
- Ilha de São Jorge
o esteettömyyden, liikkuvuuden ja liikenneturvallisuuden edistäminen – pohjois -
etelä -yhteys
- Ilha do Pico
o Vila da Madalenaan joh tavan kiertotien rakentaminen
- Ilha do Faial
o Cidade da Hortan ohitustien toisen vaiheen rakentaminen.
Investointi on tarkoitus toteuttaa 31 päivään joulukuuta 2025 mennessä.
91
G.2. Seurantaa ja täytäntöönpanoa koskevat välitavoitteet, tavoitteet, indikaattorit ja aikataulu – rahoitustuki, jota ei makseta
takaisin
Numero Toimenpide
(uudistus tai
investointi) Välitavoite(V)
Nimi Laadulliset
indikaattorit
(välitavoittei
den osalta) Määrälliset indikaattorit
(tavoitteiden osalta) Alustava
toteutusaika -
taulu Kunkin välitavoitteen ja tavoitteen kuvaus ja
selkeä määrittely
Tavoite (T) Mitta -
yksikkö Perustaso Tavoi
te Vuo
sinel
jänn
es Vuosi
7.1 RE-C07-i00 T Sähköajoneuvojen
julkisten
latausasemien määrän
lisäys Lukumäärä 3 520 5 250 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2022 Sähköajoneuvojen julkisten latausasemien lukumäärä
(verrattuna vuoden 2021 neljännen neljänneksen
lähtötilanteeseen)
7.2 RE-C07-i00 T Sähköajoneuvojen
julkisten
latausasemien määrän
lisäys Lukumäärä 5 250 10 450 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2024 Sähköajoneuvojen julkisten latausasemien lukumäärä
(verrattuna vuoden 2022 neljännen neljänneksen
lähtötilanteeseen)
7.3 RE-C07-i00 T Sähköajoneuvojen
julkisten
latausasemien määrän
lisäys Lukumäärä 10 450 15 000 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2025 Sähköajoneuvojen julkisten latausasemien lukumäärä
(verrattuna vuoden 2024 neljännen neljänneksen
lähtötilanteeseen)
7.4 RE-C07-i01 V Liiketoiminnan
sijoittamisalueiden
valinta
ympäristökestävyyden
ja digitalisaation
parantamiseen
tähtääviin toimiin Liiketoiminnan
sijoittamis -
alueiden
valintaa
koskevan
julkisen
pöytäkirjan
allekirjoitta -
minen Toin
en
neljä
nnes 2021 Liiketoiminnan sijoittamisaluee t valitaan
tarjouskilpailumenettelyssä. Komissiolle on toimitettava
allekirjoitettu julkinen protokolla, jossa vahvistetaan, että
liiketoiminnan sijoittamisalueiden valinta on saatu
päätökseen, ja yksilöidään valitut liiketoiminnan
sijoittamisalueet.
7.5 RE-C07-i01 T Toimenpiteiden
loppuun saattaminen
valituilla yritysten Lukumäärä 0 10 Viim
eine
n 2025 Niiden yritysten sijoittamisalueiden lukumäärä, joilla on
tehty ympäristökestävyyden ja digitalisaation
parantamiseen tähtääviä töitä.
92 sijoittamisalueilla neljä
nnes Tarjouskilpailumenettelyssä toimenpiteiden kohteiksi
valitut yritysten sijoittamisalueet.
7.6 RE-C07-i02 V Sopimus allekirjoitettu
yhdestä tiehankkeesta Tiehankkeen
urakoitsijan
kanssa
allekirjoitettu
sopimus Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2021
Osapuolet allekirjoittavat asiakirjan, joka koskee niiden
rakennusurakoiden toteuttamiseen liittyviä velvoitteita,
julkise n tarjouskilpailun jälkeen.
7.7 RE-C07-i02 V Kahden tiehankkeen
osalta allekirjoitettu
sopimus Tiehankkeiden
urakoitsijan
kanssa
allekirjoitettu
sopimus Kolm
as
neljä
nnes 2022
Osapuolet allekirjoittavat asiakirjan, joka koskee niiden
rakennusurakoiden toteuttamiseen liittyviä velvoitteita,
julkisen tarjouskilpailun jälkeen.
7.8 RE-C07-i02 T Rakennetut tai
kunnostetut tiet km 0 111 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2025
kilometreinä mitatut tieosuudet, jotka on rakennettu tai
kunnostettu tarjouskilpailun teknisten eritelmien
mukaisesti ja joissa on otettu täysimääräisesti huomioon
kaikki ympäristövaikutusten arvioinnin tulokset ja ehdot.
7.9 RE-C07-i03 V Ensimmäinen
ympäristövaikutusten
arviointi valmis Ympäristövaikut
usten arvioinnin
loppuun
saattaminen Kolm
as
neljä
nnes 2022
Yhden tiehankkeen ympäristövaikutusten arviointi on
saatu päätökseen.
7.10 RE-C07-i03 T Rakennetut tai
kunnostetut tiet km 0 30 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2025
kilometreinä mitatut tieosuudet, jotka on rakennettu tai
kunnostettu tarjouskilpailun teknisten eritelmien
mukaisesti ja joissa on otettu täysimääräisesti huomioon
kaikki ympäristövaikutusten arvioinnin tulokset ja ehdot.
7.11 RE-C07-i04 V Sopimus allekirjoitettu
10 tiehankkeen osalta Tiehankkeita
koskeva
sopimus
urakoitsijan
kanssa Toin
en
neljä
nnes 2023
Osapuolet allekirjoittavat asiakirjan, joka koskee niiden
rakennusurakoiden toteuttamiseen liittyviä
velvollisuuksia, julkisen tarjouskilpailun jälkeen.
7.12 RE-C07-i04 T Rakennetut tai
kunnostetut tiet km 0 42 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2025
kilometreinä mitatut tieosuudet, jotka on rakennettu tai
kunnostettu tarjouskilpailun teknisten eritelmien
mukaisesti ja joissa on otettu täysimääräisesti huomioon
kaikki ympäristövaikutusten arvioinnin tulokset ja ehdot.
93 7.13 RE-C07-i05-RAA V Kahden tiehankkeen
osalta allekirjoitettu
sopimus Tiehankkeita
koskeva
sopimus
urakoitsijan
kanssa Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2021
Osapuolet allekirjoittavat asiakirjan, joka koskee niiden
rakennusurakoiden toteuttamiseen liittyviä
velvollisuuksia, julkisen tarjouskilpailun jälkeen.
7.14 RE-C07-i05-RAA V Sopimus allekirjoitettu
8 tiehankkeen osalta Tiehankkeiden
urakoitsijan
kanssa
allekirjoitettu
sopimus Toin
en
neljä
nnes 2023
Osapuolet allekirjoittavat asiakirjan, joka koskee niiden
rakennusurakoiden toteuttamiseen liittyviä
velvollisuuksia, julkisen tarjouskilpailun jälkeen.
7.15 RE-C07-i05-RAA T Rakennetut tai
kunnostetut tiet km 0 34.38 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2025
kilometreinä mitatut tieosuudet, jotka on rakennettu tai
kunnostettu tarjouskilpailun teknisten eritelmien
mukaisesti ja joissa on otettu täysimääräisesti huomioon
kaikki ympäristövaikutusten arvioinnin tulokset ja ehdot.
94 H. KOMPONENTTI 8: Metsät
Tässä komponentissa käsitellään seuraavia haasteita: Sosioekonominen ja väestörakenteen
heikkeneminen maaseutualueilla, laajat alueet, joilla ei ole aktiivista metsänhoitoa
metsäpalojen ehkäisemiseksi tai biologisen monimuotoisuuden suojelemiseksi, sekä ma an
erittäin hajanainen yksityisomistus. Väestön siirtyminen suuriin kaupunkikeskuksiin ja
maaseudun väestön asteittainen ikääntyminen ovat johtaneet maaseutualueiden ja perinteisten
alkutuotannon alojen hylkäämiseen. Tämä on johtanut suunnittelemattomien j a
hoitamattomien metsäalueiden asteittaiseen laajenemiseen ja niiden paloaineksen suureen
määrään. Nämä alueet altistuvat voimakkaasti maaseudun metsäpaloille, jotka voivat johtaa
ihmishenkien menetykseen, maan ja omaisuuden laajaan vahingoittumiseen sekä metsien ja
niiden tuottamien tavaroiden ja palvelujen tuhoutumiseen. Portugali on Etelä -Euroopan
maista se, jossa on eniten palaneita maa -alueita maaseutualueilla ja eniten metsäpaloja.
Euroopan metsäpalotietojärjestelmän (EFFIS) mukaan vuosina 2015 –2019 P ortugalissa paloi
keskimäärin 169 000 hehtaaria vuodessa.
Komponentin päätavoitteet ovat seuraavat:
- edistää haavoittuvan ja ympäristöarvoltaan merkittävän maa - ja metsätalousmaan
aktiivista suunnittelua ja hoitoa;
- suojella biologista monimuotoisuutta tu kemalla maa - ja metsätalouden ekosysteemien
ennallistamista erityisesti palaneilla maa -alueilla;
- edistää alueellista yhteenkuuluvuutta ja työpaikkojen luomista elvyttämällä
maaseutualueiden taloudellista toimintaa; ja
- parantaa näiden alueiden häiriönsiet okykyä vähentämällä metsäpalojen riskiä
tehokkailla ja tuloksekkailla palontorjuntatoimilla ja – palojen tapauksessa –
vähentämällä vahinkoja tehokkaalla ja tuloksekkaalla palontorjunnalla.
Komponentilla edistetään julkisen talouden laadun parantamista kos kevan maakohtaisen
suosituksen noudattamista asettamalla etusijalle kasvua edistävät menot (maakohtainen
suositus nro 1, 2019). Maaseudun kiinteistöjen rekisterin päivittämiseen liittyvät julkiset
menot edistäisivät niiden asianmukaista hallinnointia ja sa attaisivat lisätä maaseutualueiden
taloudellisen toiminnan dynaamisuutta. Lisäksi komponentilla edistetään merkittävästi
maakohtaista suositusta, joka koskee investointien kohdentamista vihreään siirtymään ja
digitaaliseen muutokseen ottaen huomioon alueel liset erot (maakohtainen suositus nro 3, 2019
ja maakohtainen suositus nro 3, 2020).
Tämän osa -alueen odotetaan edistävän sekä vihreää siirtymää että digitaalista muutosta.
Vihreän ulottuvuuden osalta osa -alue edistää suoraan ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumist a, sillä
sen tavoitteena on parantaa maaseutualueiden kykyä selvitä metsäpaloista. Lisäksi näiden
alueiden aktiivinen ja kestävä hoito auttaa ehkäisemään maaperän eroosiota, torjumaan
haitallisia lajeja ja tuholaisia sekä sitomaan hiiltä metsiin. Digitaali sen ulottuvuuden osalta
korostetaan toimenpiteitä, jotka liittyvät maanomistusrekisterijärjestelmään ja maanpeitteen
seurantajärjestelmään (SMOS), mukaan lukien LiDAR (valoon perustuva havainnointi ja
etäisyyden mittaus) ja korkean resoluution satelliittik uvat, koska tällaiset toimenpiteet
edistävät sähköistä hallintoa ja digitaalisia julkisia palveluja.
Odotuksena on, ettei mistään tämän komponentin toimenpiteistä aiheudu asetuksen (EU)
2020/852 17 artiklassa tarkoitettua merkittävää haittaa ympäristötavoi tteille, kun otetaan
huomioon toimenpiteiden kuvaus ja ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -periaatteesta annettujen
teknisten ohjeiden (2021/C58/01) mukaiset lieventävät toimenpiteet, jotka on esitetty
suunnitelmassa.
95 H.1. Kuvaus uudistuksista ja investoinneista, joita rahoitetaan rahoitustuella,
jota ei makseta takaisin
Uudistus RE -r19: Maiseman uudistaminen haavoittuvilla metsäalueilla.
Tämän toimenpiteen tavoitteena on muuttaa sellaisten haavoittuvien metsäalueiden maisemaa,
joihin liittyy laajoja hoitamattomia monokulttuurialueita ja suuria metsäpaloriskejä, jotta
voidaan ehkäistä maaseudun metsäpaloja ja parantaa ilmastokestävyyttä ja talouden
kestävyyttä.
Uudistus toteutetaan investoinnilla RE -C08-i01 (Maiseman uudistaminen haavoittuvilla
metsäalueilla). Uud istus koostuu seuraavista neljästä toisiaan täydentävästä toimenpiteestä:
- suunnittelu - ja hallintaohjelmat (PRGP);
- yhdennetty maisemanhoitoalue (AIGP);
- yhdennetty tukiohjelma metsäalueilla sijaitseville maaseutukylille; ja
- Emparcelar para Ordenar -ohjel ma.
Uudistus perustuu maiseman uudistamisohjelmaan ( Programa de Transformação da
Paisagem , PTP) ja tukee sitä tarvittavalla oikeudellisella kehyksellä. Tähän oikeudelliseen
kehykseen sisältyy vähintään lainsäädäntö, joka koskee maisemien muuttamista
maisemansuunnittelu - ja -hoito -ohjelmien ja yhdennettyjen maisemanhoitoalueiden avulla,
lainsäädäntö, jonka tarkoituksena on hyväksyä sellaisten haavoittuvien alueiden
määrittäminen, joihin voidaan soveltaa maisemansuunnittelu - ja hoito -ohjelmia ja
yhdenne ttyjä maisemanhoitoalueita, sekä lainsäädäntö, joka koskee maaseutumaan pakollista
hallintaa metsäalueilla.
Uudistus on tarkoitus toteuttaa 30 päivään syyskuuta 2021 mennessä.
Uudistus RE -r20: Maarekisterijärjestelmän ja maanpeitteen seurantajärjestelmän
uudelleenorganisointi
Tämän toimenpiteen tavoitteena on perustaa tällä hetkellä puuttuva monitoiminnallinen
maarekisteri ottamalla käyttöön ja kehittämällä järjestelmä maanomistuksen tunnistamiseksi
ja todentamiseksi sekä maanomistuksen rekisteröimiseksi. Tämä mahdollistaa
johdonmukaisen, ajantasaisen ja kokonaisvaltaisen kuvan alueesta, mikä lisää maan arvoa sen
omistajille ja antaa valtiolle mahdollisuuden kehittää konkreettisia, kestäviä ja monialaisia
julkisia politiikkoja.
Uudistus koostuu pilottihankk eesta, jonka tarkoituksena on luoda yksinkertaistettu kansallinen
maarekisteritietojärjestelmä, jossa yksilöidään maaseutualueiden maarakenne ja
maanomistusrakenne, ottaa käyttöön maanpeitteen seurantajärjestelmä (SMOS) ja kehittää
digitaalinen maarekister ijärjestelmä (BUPI). BUPI on fyysinen ja virtuaalinen kiinteistöjä
koskevaa georeferoitua tietoa sisältävä palvelu, joka kokoaa yhteen kiinteistöjen rekisteröintiä
varten tarvittavat tiedot ja helpottaa kansalaisten vuorovaikutusta julkishallinnon kanssa
maarekisterin soveltamisalalla. Uudistuksella luodaan myös tarvittava oikeudellinen kehys
investoinnin RE -C08-i02 toteuttamiseksi: Maaseudun kiinteistörekisteri ja maanpeitteen
seurantajärjestelmä. Uudistukseen sisältyy:
- sellaisen lain hyväksyminen, jolla p erustetaan tehtävärakenne yksinkertaistetun
maarekisteritietojärjestelmän laajentamiseksi. Kyseessä on julkinen elin, joka seuraa
yksinkertaistetun kansallisen maarekisteritietojärjestelmän laajentamista ja BUPI -
alustan kehittämistä;
- sellaisen säädöksen h yväksyminen, jolla perustetaan järjestelmä yksinkertaistetun
maarekisteritietojärjestelmän organisointi - ja kehittämismallin toimintaa ja
rahoittamista varten;
96 - annetaan laki maarekisteriä koskevan oikeudellisen järjestelmän hyväksymisestä; lailla
perustet aan kansallinen maarekisterijärjestelmä, joka on yhdistetty yksinkertaistettuun
maarekisterijärjestelmään, ja vahvistetaan maarekisterin peruskirja maarekisterin alaan
kuuluvan maan kansalliseksi kartaksi;
- hyväksytään säädös, jolla muutetaan 3 päivänä marr askuuta annettua asetusta nro 9 -
A/201734 ja jossa säädetään tarkemmin yksinkertaistetun maatietojärjestelmän ja
BUPI -alustan toiminnasta ja jolla hyväksytään toimenpiteitä maatalousmaan ja
monikäyttömaan maarakenteen ja omistuksen välitöntä tunnistamista va rten; ja
- laaditaan lakiehdotus maaseutumaan poikkeuksellisen rekisteröintijärjestelmän
perustamisesta ja maarekisterilain (CRP) muuttamisesta.
Uudistus on tarkoitus toteuttaa 31 päivään joulukuuta 2022 mennessä.
Uudistus RE -r21: Maaseudun metsäpalojen ehkäiseminen ja torjunta
Tämän toimenpiteen tavoitteena on lisätä maaseudun metsäpalojen ehkäisyä ja torjuntaa
perustamalla ensisijainen palonkatkaisulinjojen verkosto ja vahvistamalla maaseudun
metsäpalojen hallinnasta ja torjunnasta vastaavia tahoja.
Uudistus koostuu seuraavista:
- hyväksytään säädös maaseudun metsäpalojen integroitua hallintaa koskevan
kansallisen suunnitelman (PNGIFR) hyväksymisestä;
- hyväksytään laki maaseudun metsäpalojen yhdennetyn hallintajärjestelmän (SIGIFR)
perustamisesta; ja
- hyväksytään säädös maaseudun metsäpalojen integroitua hallintaa koskevan
kansallisen suunnitelman kansallisen toimintaohjelman hyväksymisestä.
Maaseudun metsäpalojen yhdennetyssä hallintajärjestelmässä (SIGIFR) esitetään kansallisella
tasolla makropolitiik at ja strategiset suuntaviivat, joilla vähennetään maaseudun metsäpalojen
riskiä ja muutetaan maaseudun omistajien, käyttäjien sekä suorien ja välillisten tuensaajien
käyttäytymistä. Järjestelmässä määritellään ministeriöiden väliset koordinointimallit, jo issa
vahvistetaan kunkin SIGIFR:n yksikön toimivaltuudet ja toiminta -ala ja jossa
päätöksentekoprosessin eri toimijoiden vastuuvelvollisuus on suurempi. Siinä esitetään
hallinto -, seuranta - ja arviointimalli, jolla edistetään julkisten politiikkojen ja ohj elmien
jatkuvaa parantamista.
Perustetaan maaseudun palotietojärjestelmä, jonka avulla voidaan koota ja levittää SIGIFR:n
kaikkia asiaankuuluvia teknisiä tietoja. Lisäksi määritellään riskien ehkäisyyn ja minimointiin
perustuva malli joko toteuttamalla va listustoimia tai perustamalla alueellisia
torjuntaverkostoja. Mallissa paloaineksen hallinta on merkittävässä asemassa
seuraamusjärjestelmässä.
Uudistus on tarkoitus toteuttaa 30 päivään syyskuuta 2021 mennessä.
Investointi RE -C08-i01: Maiseman uudistamine n haavoittuvilla metsäalueilla.
Tämän toimenpiteen tavoitteena on parantaa haavoittuvien alueiden kykyä sietää
ilmastonmuutokseen liittyviä riskejä, erityisesti maaseutualueilla esiintyviä metsäpaloja ja
biologisen monimuotoisuuden köyhtymistä, sekä edistä ä kestävää kasvua ja alueellista
yhteenkuuluvuutta. Nämä tavoitteet on tarkoitus saavuttaa muuttamalla maisemaa,
kasvattamalla maatalouskiinteistöjen keskikokoa, muuttamalla maankäyttöä ja
suunnittelemalla uutta taloudellista toimintaa.
34 § Decreto Regulamentar n.º 9 -A/2017: https://dre.pt/application/ conteudo/114152782
97 Investointi koostuu seuraavista ohjelmista:
- maisemansuunnittelu - ja hallintaohjelmat, joissa suunnitellaan tavoitteena oleva
maisema ja määritellään siirtymämatriisi keskipitkällä ja pitkällä aikavälillä ja joita
tuetaan rahoitusmallilla, jolla varmistetaan ohjelman täytänt öönpano;
- yhdennetyt maisemanhoitoalueet, joilla kasvatetaan hoidetun metsäalueen kokoa siten,
että saavutetaan mittakaava, joka edistää palonsietokykyä ja luonnonpääoman
hyödyntämistä ja luo tarvittavat edellytykset sellaisten yhdennettyjen
maisemanhoitot oimien kehittämiselle, joissa määritellään tukitoimien
ohjelmasuunnittelu, toimintamalli, myönnettävät taloudelliset resurssit sekä hallinto -
ja seurantajärjestelmä;
- metsäalueilla sijaitsevien maaseutukylien yhdennetty tukiohjelma, jolla tuetaan toimia,
joilla varmistetaan maankäytön muutos sekä paloaineksen hallinta maaseutukylien
ympäristössä; ja
- Emparcelar para Ordenar -ohjelma, jolla lisätään maatalouskiinteistöjen keskikokoa ja
edistetään siten niillä toimivien tai niille perustettavien maatilojen eli nkelpoisuutta ja
taloudellista kestävyyttä.
Investointi on tarkoitus toteuttaa 30 päivään syyskuuta 2025 mennessä.
Investointi RE -C08-i02: Maaseudun kiinteistörekisteri ja maanpeitteen
seurantajärjestelmä
Toimenpiteen tavoitteena on tarjota Portugalin valtiolle tietietopohja erityisesti maaseudun
kiinteistöjen tyypeistä ja rajoista, jotta maanomistajat voidaan tunnistaa. Tämä on olennaisen
tärkeää alueen asuttamista ja käyttöä koskevien päätösten suunnittelussa, hallinnoinnissa ja
tukemisessa.
Investointi käsittää yksinkertaistetun maarekisteritietojärjestelmän laajentamisen, BUPI -
alustan kehittämisen ja maanpeitteen seurantajärjestelmää (SMOS) koskevan viitekartoituksen
tuottamisen, mukaan lukien maan digitaalinen kolmiulotteinen esittäminen Li DAR -
tekniikalla, kasvillisuuskartat, biomassan ja puutavaran määräkartat, maanpeite ja käyttökartat
sekä satelliittikuvat. Nämä toimenpiteet täydentävät toisiaan ja mahdollistavat BUPI -alustan
täysimääräisen toiminnan varmistaen samalla kaikkien sellaisten käytössä olevien eri
tietojärjestelmien yhteentoimivuuden, jotka liittyvät maarekisterin geometriaan,
maarekisteriin ja veromatriiseihin, joita tällä hetkellä hallinnoivat eri viranomaiset, kuten
tulliviranomainen, rekisteröinti - ja notaariasioiden laitos ja alueiden pääjaosto. Kansalaisten,
yritysten ja kaikkien viranomaisten on hankittava kiinteistöilleen yksilöllinen tunnistenumero
(NIP), mukaan lukien tiedot kiinteistöjen rajoista ja ominaisuuksista. Edellä mainittujen
toimenpiteiden onnistuneen täytän töönpanon varmistamiseksi investointiin sisällytetään myös
kuntien, rekisterinpitäjien ja veroviranomaisten valtuutetulle tekniselle henkilöstölle
suunnattu koulutustoiminta.
Investointi on tarkoitus toteuttaa 31 päivään maaliskuuta 2025 mennessä.
Invest ointi RE -C08-i03: Palonkatkaisulinjat – ensisijainen verkosto
Tämän toimenpiteen tavoitteena on luoda horisontaalisia palonkatkaisulinjoja maisemaan
palonkatkaisulinjojen ensisijaisen verkoston (RPFGC) avulla. Verkoston tehtävänä on eristää
metsäpalot, suo jata viestintäreittejä, sosiaalisia infrastruktuureja ja laitteita, pienentää palojen
tuhoamaa keskimääräistä aluetta, helpottaa palontorjuntatoimia ja varmistaa palomiesten
turvallisuus luomalla poistumisreittejä.
Investointi sisältää seuraavat toimenpit eet:
98 - maan kartoitus ja maankäytön arviointi, myös palonkatkaisulinjojen ensisijaisessa
verkostossa;
- omistajien yksilöinti, korvauksen tason arviointi ja laskeminen sekä muut tekijät, jotka
johtavat yleishyödyllisyydestä ilmoittamiseen, maanomistajille ilm oittamiseen,
sopimusten tekemiseen ja niihin liittyvien korvausten maksamiseen;
- sisällytetään BUPI -alustaan georeferoitu graafinen esitys maaseutumaasta, jonka
hallinnollisen rasitteen perustaminen kattaa, jotta myöhempiä erityisiä
rekisteröintimenettelyjä voidaan käyttää; ja
- palonkatkaisulinjojen ensisijaisen verkoston toteuttaminen kansallisella tasolla.
Mitä tulee katkaisulinjojen luomiseen laajoilla rannikkomänty - ja ennen kaikkea
eukalyptuspuumonokulttuureilla, Portugali on sitoutunut siihen, että Serr as de Monchique e
Silvesin (PRGPSMS) maisemansuunnittelu - ja hoito -ohjelman eukalyptuspuun tuotantoalue
on hyvin rajallinen. Tätä varten investoinnissa RE -C08-i01(Maiseman uudistaminen
haavoittuvilla metsäalueilla) mahdollistetaan eukalyptuspuualueilla euk alyptuspuun
korvaaminen muilla lajeilla, erityisesti kotoperäisillä lajeilla, kuten korkkitammilla,
kirsikkapuilla tai mansikkapuilla ja muilla Portugalissa esiintyvillä ei -kotoperäisillä lajeilla,
kuten kastanja - tai saksanpähkinäpuilla.
Investointi on t arkoitus toteuttaa 31 päivään joulukuuta 2025 mennessä.
Investointi RE -C08-i04: Maaseudun metsäpalojen ehkäisy - ja torjuntakeinot
Toimenpiteen tavoitteena on vahvistaa maaseudun metsäpalojen ehkäisemiseen ja torjuntaan
osallistuvia valtion yksiköitä. Täss ä toimenpiteessä hyödynnetään erityisesti Portugalin
ilmavoimien sekä luonnon - ja metsiensuojeluinstituutin (ICNF) infrastruktuuri - ja
laitekapasiteettia, jotta voidaan lisätä niiden vaikuttavuutta ja tehokkuutta maaseudun
metsäpalojen ehkäisemisessä ja to rjunnassa. Lisäksi tällä toimenpiteellä parannetaan
riskinarviointia standardoimalla ja päivittämällä Portugalin merialueiden ja ilmakehän
tutkaverkko (IPMA).
Investointi koostuu kuuden kevyen ja kuuden keskiluokan palontorjuntahelikopterin
ostamisesta, u usien rakennusten rakentamisesta ja olemassa olevien rakennusten
kunnostamisesta (toimintakeskus ja huoltohallit), palontorjuntaan tarvittavien ajoneuvojen,
koneiden ja laitteiden, kuten henkilönsuojainten, palontorjunta -ajoneuvojen,
puskutraktoreiden ja t raktoreiden, ostamisesta sekä meteorologisen tutkaverkon
standardoinnista ja parantamisesta.
Odotuksena on, ettei tästä toimenpiteestä aiheudu asetuksen (EU) 2020/852 17 artiklassa
tarkoitettua merkittävää haittaa ympäristötavoitteille, kun otetaan huomio on toimenpiteen
kuvaus ja ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -periaatteesta annettujen teknisten ohjeiden (2021/C58/01)
mukaiset lieventävät toimenpiteet, jotka on esitetty elpymis - ja palautumissuunnitelmassa.
Erityisesti ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -periaatteesta ann ettujen ohjeiden (2021/C58/01)
noudattamiseksi varmistetaan, että hankittavat ajoneuvot, koneet ja laitteet ovat päästöttömiä.
Jos päästöttömiä vaihtoehtoja ei ole, ostettavat ajoneuvot, koneet ja laitteet edustavat alan
parasta saatavilla olevaa ympäristö tehokkuutta.
Investointi on tarkoitus toteuttaa 31 päivään joulukuuta 2025 mennessä.
Investointi RE -C08-i05: Lisää metsää -ohjelma
Toimenpiteen tavoitteena on parantaa palontorjuntajärjestelmää, siirtyä metsäpalojen
torjuntamallista ennaltaehkäisymalliin ja vahvistaa metsäntuottajaorganisaatioiden ja
99 metsäalan osaamiskeskusten toimintaa ottamalla mukaan asiantuntijoita ja parantamalla
kaikkien näihin yksiköihin osallistuvien toimijoiden teknistä pätevyyttä.
Investointi koostuu seuraavista toimenpiteistä:
- laajennetaan ”Turvallinen kylä” ja ”Turvalliset asukkaat” -ohjelmia, joilla pyritään
edistämään tiedotustoimia riskejä aiheuttavan käyttäytymisen ehkäisemiseksi,
tukemaan omaehtoisia suojelutoimia ja järjestämään evakuointisuunnitelmien
simulaatioita yhdes sä paikallisviranomaisten kanssa;
- vahvistetaan kansallisen pelastuspalveluviranomaisen (ANEPC) ja kansallisen
santarmilaitoksen (GNR) operatiivisia toimintavalmiuksia maaseudun metsäpalojen
torjunnassa erityisesti hankkimalla ajoneuvoja ja henkilönsuojaim ia, kunnostamalla
olemassa olevia infrastruktuureja ja luomalla uusia ANEPC:n alueellisia ja osa -
alueellisia rakenteita;
- tarjotaan koulutusta palontorjuntaan osallistuvalle operatiiviselle henkilöstölle ja
OPF:n teknikoille; ja
- vahvistetaan metsänomistajien järjestöjä ja osaamiskeskuksia metsävarojen
kestävyyden kannalta oleellisilla alueilla.
Investointi on tarkoitus toteuttaa 31 päivään joulukuuta 2025 mennessä.
100
H.2. Seurantaa ja täytäntöönpanoa koskevat välitavoitteet, tavoitteet, indikaattorit ja aikataulu – rahoitustuki, jota ei makseta
takaisin
Numero Toimenpide
(uudistus tai
investointi) Välitavoite(V)
Nimi Laadulliset
indikaattorit
(välitavoittei
den osalta) Määrälliset indikaattorit
(tavoitteiden osalta) Alustava
toteutusaika -
taulu Kunkin välitavoitteen ja tavoitteen kuvaus ja
selkeä määrittely
Tavoite (T) Mitta -
yksikkö Perustaso Tavoi
te Vuo
sinel
jänn
es Vuosi
8.1 RE-C08-i01 T Maisemansuunnittelu -
ja hoito -ohjelmien
(PRGP) kehittäminen
haavoittuviksi
määritellyillä alueilla. Lukumäärä 0 20 Kolm
as
neljä
nnes 2025 Hallituksen hyväksyntä maisemansuunnittelu - ja hoito -
ohjelmille 20:tä homogeenista haavoittuvaa aluetta tai
suurpalojen vahingoittamaa aluetta varten ottaen
huomioon Manner -Portugalin
maisemansuunnitteluyksiköiden peruskirjan ja
kansallisen aluesuunnittelupolitiikan ohjelman alueellisen
mallin.
8.2 RE-C08-i01 T Integroitujen
maisemanhoitotoi -
mien (OIGP)
julkaiseminen
Portugalin virallisessa
lehdessä (Diário da
Republica) Lukumäärä 0 60 Kolm
as
neljä
nnes 2025 Hyväksytään ja julkaistaan Portugalin virallisessa lehdessä
(Diário da Republica) 60 yhdennettyä
maisem anhoitotoimenpidettä, joissa määritellään
tukitoimien ohjelmasuunnittelu, toimintamalli,
myönnettävät rahoitusvarat sekä hallinto - ja
seurantajärjestelmä.
8.3
T Kylät, joissa on
paloaineksen
hallintahankkeita Lukumäärä 0 800 Kolm
as
neljä
nnes 2025 Tehdään ympäristörahaston ja tuensaajien (kunnat,
kuntayhtymät, paikalliset kehittämisjärjestöt) välillä
sopimuksia, joissa vahvistetaan paloaineksen
hallintahankkeisiin osoitettavaa rahoitusta koskevat
erityisedellytykset vähintään 800:ssa metsäalueilla
sijaitsevassa maaseutukylässä (kyläyhteisö).
RE-C08-i01
101 8.4 RE-C08-i02 V Siirtyminen BUPi 2.0 -
alustaan BUPi 2.0 -
alustan
tarjonnan
aloittaminen Ensi
mmä
inen
neljä
nnes 2022 Pilvipohjaisen BUPi 2.0 -alustan tarjoaminen, jolla
parannetaan ja laajennetaan BUPi -pilottihankkeessa jo
olemassa olevia toimintoja. BUPi 2.0 varmistaa eri
viranomaisten, myös vero - ja tulliviranomaisten, tällä
hetkellä hallinnoimien eri järjestelmien kat tavuuden ja
yhteentoimivuuden. BUPi 2.0 mahdollistaa yksilöllisten
kiinteistötunnusten asteittaisen käyttöönoton.
8.5 RE-C08-i02 T BUPI -koulutus Lukumäärä 0 10 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2023 Niiden neljännesvuosittaisten BUPi -alustaa koskevien
koulutusten lukumäärä, jotka on tarjottu graafisia
esityksiä laativille kansallisesti päteville teknikoille sekä
rekisteri - ja notaarilaitoksen (IRN), veroviranomaisten ja
rekisterivirastojen henkilöstöl le.
8.6 RE-C08-i02 V Maanpeite - ja
käyttökartat (COS)
2023 Maanpeite - ja
käyttökarttojen
julkaiseminen Ensi
mmä
inen
neljä
nnes 2025 Maanpeite - ja käyttökarttojen (COS) 2023 tuottaminen ja
julkaiseminen vastuuviranomaisten vahvistamien tietojen
perusteella. Maanpeite - ja käyttökartoissa on
maantieteellinen esitys Portugalin maa -alueesta, ja ne
antavat tietoa maan käytöstä sekä viljely - ja
metsätyypeistä.
8.7 RE-C08-i03 V Palonkatkaisulinjojen
ensisijaista verkostoa
(RPFGC) koskevan
sopimuksen
julkaiseminen Palonkatkaisulin
jojen
ensisijaista
verkostoa
(RPFGC)
koskevan
sopimuksen
julkaiseminen
osoitteessa
BASE.gov. Ensi
mmä
inen
neljä
nnes 2022 Toimivaltaisen viranomaisen palonkatkaisulinjojen
ensisijaisen verkoston (RPFGC) toteuttamisesta tekemä
sopimus horisontaalisten katkaisulinjojen luomiseksi
maisemaan palojen eristämiseksi.
8.8 RE-C08-i03 T Vakiintunut rasitealue ha 0 21 727 Kolm
as
neljä
nnes 2025 Rasitealue palonkatkaisulinjojen ensisijaisessa
verkostossa
8.9 RE-C08-i03 T Palonkatkaisulinjojen
ensisijaisen verkoston
(RPFGC)
toteuttaminen Lukumäärä 0 37 500 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2025 palonkatkaisulinjojen ensisijaiseen verkostoon (RPFGC)
kuuluva alue (hehtaareina) – horisontaalisten
katkaisulinjojen (paloaineksen hallintavyöhykkeet)
luominen maisemaan palojen eristämiseksi.
8.10 RE-C08-i04 T Ajoneuvojen,
koneiden ja laitteiden
toimitus Lukumäärä 0 179 Ensi
mmä
inen
neljä
nnes 2023 Palontorjunta -ajoneuvojen, -laitteiden ja -välineiden
toimittaminen sen jälkeen, kun on vahvistettu, että ne
täyttävät tekniset eritelmät ja muut sopimusvaatimukset,
tarjouskilpailumenettelyn mukaisesti.
102 8.11 RE-C08-i04 T Kevyiden ja
keskiluokan
palontorjuntahelikop -
tereiden
toimittaminen Lukumäärä 0 12 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2025 Kuuden kevyen palontorjuntahelikopterin (HEBL) ja
kuuden keskiluokan palontorjuntahelikopterin (HEBM)
toimittaminen sen jälkeen, kun on vahvistettu, että ne
täyttävät tekniset eritelmät ja muut sopimusvaatimukset.
8.12 RE-C08-i04 T Kaksoispolarisaatio -
tutkien asentaminen Lukumäärä 0 2 Toin
en
neljä
nnes 2023 Kahden kaksoispolarisaatiotutkan asentaminen
tarvittavine tietojenkäsittely - ja
arkistointijärjestelmineen, kaksi salamailmaisinta ja kaksi
sääsääasemaa. Päätökseen saatettu asennus sen jälkeen,
kun on vahvistettu, että laitteet vastaavat teknisiä
eritelmiä ja muita sopimusvaatimuksia.
8.13 RE-C08-i05 T Sisäasiainministeriön
yksiköiden
vahvistaminen
ajoneuvoilla ja
operatiivisilla laitteilla Lukumäärä 0 62 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2024 62 MAI -yksikön (ANEPC, GNR ja palokunnat)
varustaminen uusilla ajoneuvoilla (vähintään 20 000 000
euroa) ja operatiivisilla laitteilla (vähintään 14 000 000
euroa).
8.14 RE-C08-i05 T Kansallisen
pelastuspalveluvirano
maisen (ANEPC)
alueellisten ja
paikallisten
rakenteiden
perustaminen Lukumäärä 0 6 Toin
en
neljä
nnes 2022 Kahden alueellisen ja neljän paikallisen
pelastuspalveluyksikön toiminnan aloittaminen (sellaisina
kuin ne on määritelty 1 päivänä huhtikuuta 2019
annetussa asetuksessa nro 45/2019)
8.15 RE-C08-i05 V Luonnonsuojelu - ja
metsäinstituutin
ensimmäisen raportin
julkaiseminen
Luonnonsuojelu
- ja metsäinsti -
tuutin ja
metsänomistaja
järjestöjen
(OFP) sekä
osaamiskes -
kusten välisiä
ohjelmasopi -
muksia
koskevan
raportin
julkaiseminen Toin
en
neljä
nnes 2022 Kertomuksessa annetaan yksityiskohtaisia tietoja
luonnonsuojelu - ja metsä instituutin sekä
metsänomistajajärjestöjen ja osaamiskeskusten välisistä
ohjelmasopimuksista, mukaan lukien tiedot vuosittain
saavutettavista tavoitteista ja päämääristä. Ensimmäisen
kertomuksen jälkeen kertomus ohjelmasopimusten
täytäntöönpanosta ja edist ymisestä julkaistaan joka
vuosi.
103 8.16 RE-C08-i05 T Kansallisen
koulutusohjelman
toteuttaminen Lukumäärä 0 150 Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2025 150 metsänomistajajärjestöjen (OPF) teknikoille tarjottua
kurssia, joiden kesto on vähintään 684 tuntia.
Koulutuksessa keskitytään seuraaviin aiheisiin:
organisaation hallinta, maaseudun metsäpalojen
ehkäiseminen, hallittu palontorjunta, kasvien terveys,
kestävän metsänhoidon sertifiointi, metsäalueiden
monitoiminnallisuus, metsätuotteet, muut kuin
puupohjais et metsätuotteet, ekosysteemipalveluista
maksettavat korvaukset, biologinen monimuotoisuus,
metsäinfrastruktuuri, metsätaloushankkeet, metsän
arvioiminen ja maarekisteri.
8.17 RE-C08-r19 V Maaseutualueiden
pakollista hallintaa
metsätalousalueilla
koskeva oikeudellinen
kehys
Maaseutualuei -
den pakollista
hallintaa
metsätalous -
alueilla
koskevan
oikeudellisen
kehyksen
voimaantulo. Kolm
as
neljä
nnes 2021 Maaseutualueiden pakollisen hallinn an
metsätalousalueilla täytäntöönpanevan oikeudellisen
kehyksen voimaantulo. Pakollista hallintaa sovelletaan
ainoastaan, jos maanomistajat eivät ilmaise
sitoutumistaan yhdennetylle maisemanhoitoalueelle
(AIGP), jolla heidän kiinteistönsä sijaitsee, vahvis tetun
yhdennetyn maisemanhoitotoimen yhteydessä
määriteltyjen toimien toteuttamiseen.
Marraskuun 5 päivänä annetulla lailla nro 68/2020
hallitus valtuutetaan muuttamaan 30 päivänä toukokuuta
annettua lakia nro 31/2014 (jossa vahvistetaan yleiset
perusteet maa -alueita ja maankäytön suunnittelua
koskevalle yleiselle politiikalle, jotta voidaan hyväksyä
pakollinen hallintajärjestelmä).
8.18 RE-C08-r20 V Maanpeitteen
seurantajärjestelmä
(SMOS) Maanpeitteen
seurantajärjes -
telmän (SMOS)
voimaantulo Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2022 Maanpeitteen seurantajärjestelmän (SMOS)
voimaantulo, johon kuuluvat LiDAR -kattavuus,
digitaalinen maastomalli, viljelykasvi - ja kasvillisuusmalli,
viljelykasvi - ja kasvillisuuskartat, maanpeitekartat ja
satelliittikuvantamisen kattavuus.
104 8.19 RE-C08-r21 V Laki maaseudun
metsäpalojen
yhdennetyn
hallintajärjestelmän
(SGIFR)
perustamisesta Maaseudun
metsäpalojen
yhdennetyn
hallintajärjes -
telmän (SIGIFR)
perustamisesta
ja sen
toimintasään -
nöistä annetun
lain
voimaantulo. Kolm
as
neljä
nnes 2021 Maaseudun metsäpalojen yhdennetyssä
hallintajärjestelmässä (SGIFR) säädetään kansallisella
tasolla makropolitiikoista ja strategisista suuntaviivoista,
jotka auttavat vähentämään maaseudun metsäpalojen
riskiä ja muu ttamaan maaseutualueiden omistajien,
käyttäjien sekä suorien ja välillisten edunsaajien
käyttäytymistä. Järjestelmässä määritellään
ministeriöiden väliset koordinointimallit ja rajataan
kunkin SIGIFR:n yksikön toimivalta ja toiminta -ala.
Siinä määritellään maaseudun palonhallinnan
integroidun suunnittelun eri välineiden sisältö
kansallisella, alueellisella, paikallisella ja kuntatasolla.
Perustetaan maaseudun palotietojärjestelmä, jonka
tarkoituksena on koota ja levittää kaikkea SIGIFR:stä
saatu a asiaankuuluvaa teknistä tietoa; tässä yhteydessä
sitoudutaan selkeästi määrittelemään riskien ehkäisyyn ja
minimointiin perustuva malli joko toteuttamalla
tiedotustoimia avulla tai perustamalla alueellisia
torjuntaverkostoja. Mallissa paloaineksen hallin ta on
merkittävässä asemassa seuraamusjärjestelmässä. Lisäksi
siinä esitetään hallinto -, seuranta - ja arviointimalli, jolla
edistetään julkisten politiikkojen ja ohjelmien jatkuvaa
parantamista.
105 I. KOMPONENTTI 9: Vesienhoito
Tässä komponentissa käsitellään seuraavia haasteita: puututaan vesivaroja tarjoaviin
varastointijärjestelmiin kohdistuvaan suureen paineeseen ja parannetaan vesienhoidon
tehokkuutta, jotta voidaan torjua vuotuisen sademäärän odotetusta vähenemisestä, kuivuuden
yleistymisestä, kausiluonteisuudesta ja vesivuotojen lisääntymisestä johtuvia rajoitteita
Komponentin tavoitteena on lieventää veden niukkuutta ja varmistaa niiden alueiden
häiriönsietokyky, joilla on suurin kuivuusongelma ja jotka tarvitsevat ratkaisevasti tehokkaita
toimia Algarven, Alentejon ja Madeiran vesihuollon varmistamiseksi.
Vesivaroihin liittyvän häiriönsietokyvyn parantaminen on ensiarvoisen tärkeää näiden kolmen
alueen kehitykselle, sil lä se on myös ehdoton edellytys matkailulle ja ekosysteemeille
(erityisesti Algarvessa ja Madeiralla), maataloudelle (Alentejo ja Madeira), taloudellisen
toiminnan uudelleen suuntaamiselle (Alentejo) ja kastelutarpeista ja ihmisten kulutuksesta
johtuviin k ulutuspiikkeihin vastaamiselle (Madeira).
Komponentilla edistetään ilmastosiirtymään liittyviä investointeja koskevan maakohtaisen
suosituksen (maakohtainen suositus nro 3, 2020) noudattamista.
I.1. Kuvaus uudistuksista ja investoinneista, joita rahoitet aan rahoitustuella,
jota ei makseta takaisin
Investointi RE -C09-i01: Algarven alueellinen vesitehokkuussuunnitelma
Investoinnin tavoitteena on vastata Algarvessa esiintyvään veden niukkuuteen, joka pahenee
edelleen ilmastonmuutoksen vuoksi. Toimia tarvitaan taloudellisen toiminnan jatkamiseksi ja
kehittämiseksi sekä Algarven talouden monipuolistamiseksi.
Investointi k oostuu toimenpiteistä, joilla vähennetään Algarven kaupunkien ja maatalousalan
vesihävikkiä tehokkaamman kasteluteknologian avulla sekä edistetään käsitellyn jäteveden
uudelleenkäyttöä. Tarjonnan tasolla toimenpiteissä tarkastellaan olemassa olevan kapasit eetin
hyödyntämistä ja olemassa olevien varastojen häiriönsietokyvyn parantamista lisäämällä
virtaamista Odeleite -altaaseen Guadiana -joen vedenoton avulla, vahvistamalla strategisia
varantoja ja asentamalla suolanpoistolaite. Erityisesti näillä uusilla ves ilähteillä täydennetään
olemassa olevia lähteitä ilmastonmuutoksen ennakoitaviin vaikutuksiin vastaamiseksi.
Investointi sisältää myös toimenpiteitä, joilla tehostetaan seurantaa, lupamenettelyjä ja
täytäntöönpanon valvontaa.
Odotuksena on, ettei tästä toi menpiteestä aiheudu asetuksen (EU) 2020/852 17 artiklassa
tarkoitettua merkittävää haittaa ympäristötavoitteille, kun otetaan huomioon toimenpiteen
kuvaus ja ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -periaatteesta annettujen teknisten ohjeiden (2021/C58/01)
mukaiset lieve ntävät toimenpiteet, jotka on esitetty elpymis - ja palautumissuunnitelmassa,
sekä välitavoitteet ja tavoitteet, jotka Portugalin on saavutettava. Erityisesti kaikista
hankkeista, joilla voi olla merkittäviä ympäristövaikutuksia, tehdään ympäristövaikutuste n
arviointi, joka saatetaan päätökseen tiettyjen julkisten ja yksityisten hankkeiden
ympäristövaikutusten arvioinnista 13 päivänä joulukuuta 2011 annetun Euroopan parlamentin
ja neuvoston direktiivin 2011/92/EU mukaisesti, sekä asianmukaiset arvioinnit, jo tka liittyvät
yhteisön vesipolitiikan puitteista annettuun Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston direktiiviin
2000/60/EY eli EU:n vesipuitedirektiiviin, vaadittujen lieventävien toimenpiteiden
toteuttaminen mukaan luettuna, ja hankkeiden yhteydessä varmistetaa n ”ei merkittävää
haittaa” -periaatteen noudattaminen kyseisestä periaatteesta annettujen teknisten ohjeiden
mukaisesti (2021/C58/01). Kaikki ympäristövaikutusten arvioinnin yhteydessä yksilöidyt
toimenpiteet ja direktiivin 2000/60/EY mukainen arviointi, j otka ovat tarpeen ”ei merkittävää
106 haittaa” -periaatteen noudattamisen varmistamiseksi, on sisällytetty hankkeeseen, ja niitä
noudatetaan tarkasti infrastruktuurin rakennus -, käyttö - ja käytöstäpoistovaiheissa.
Vedenoton yhteydessä asiaankuuluva viranomainen myöntää tarvittavan luvan, jossa
täsmennetään olosuhteet, joilla estetään pilaantuminen ja varmistetaan, että vesistöt, joihin
vaikutukset kohdistuvat, säilyvät hyvässä ekologisessa tilassa vesipolitiikan puitedirektiivin
2000/60/EY vaatimuste n mukaisesti.
Investointi on tarkoitus toteuttaa 31 päivään maaliskuuta 2026 mennessä.
Investointi RE -C09-i02: Craton hydraulinen monitoimiyritys
Toimenpiteen tavoitteena on varmistaa juomavesihuolto, torjua alueen aavikoitumista,
monipuolistaa maataloutt a ja edistää alueen energiantuotannon koostumuksen
uudelleenmäärittelyä. Toimenpide koostuu seuraavista vaiheista: padon rakentaminen Craton
laaksoon, jotta voidaan varmistaa veden saanti ihmisten käyttöön ja maatalouden
koostumuksen uudelleenmäärittely; p adon rakentaminen tarjoaa samalla hyvin soveltuvan
paikan asentaa kelluvia aurinkosähköpaneeleja (jotka asennetaan vesipeiliin ja rahoitetaan
elpymis - ja palautumistukivälineen ulkopuolella) ja tuottaa sähköä itsenäisellä
minivesivoimalaitoksella. Jos asen nettu kapasiteetti on 75 MW, aurinkosähkölaitos täyttää yli
60 prosenttia alueen nykyisistä energiatarpeista ja vähentää hiilidioksidipäästöjä yli 80 000
tonnia vuodessa (perustettava järvialueen – 7,24 neliökilometriä – ja aurinkopaneelien
asennukseen mah dollisesti käytettävän enimmäispinta -alan mukaan kapasiteetti voi olla
enimmillään 200 MW). Toimenpiteellä myös osaltaan monipuolistetaan maataloustoimintaa
tällä väestörakenteeltaan heikolla alueella ja houkutellaan sille lisää asukkaita samalla kun
oteta an käyttöön tehokas vesienhoitojärjestelmä.
Kehittämisen kohteena oleva alue sijaitsee Tagus -joen valuma -alueella Guadianan
vesistöalueen rajaa lähellä olevalla vyöhykkeellä. Tämä investointi koskee Seda -joen lisäksi
myös kahta sivujokea, joista vesi valut etaan ja pumpataan padon takana olevaan säiliöön.
Investointi sisältää seuraavat vaiheet:
- Pato: Perustetaan 248 metrin korkeudelle varastoallas (korkeus 48 metriä), jonka
tulva -alue on 7,24 neliökilometriä, varastointikapasiteetti 116,1 hm3 ja vuotuinen
keskimääräinen tilavuus 57,83 hm3, mikä mahdollistaa 50,3 hm3 vuodessa julkista
juomavesihuoltoa varten; tämä lisämäärä on välttämätön, jotta voidaan varmistaa
riittävä veden tarjonta seuraavien alueiden väestölle (noin 55 000 henkeä): Alter do
Chão, Avis, C rato, Fronteira, Gavião, Nisa, Ponte de Sor ja Sousel.
- Minivesivoimala: Alajuoksussa olevan laakson kasteluun ohjattavien virtojen
energiakäyttö, jonka yhteydessä hyödynnetään patokorkeuden aiheuttamaa pudotusta.
Voimalaitoksen asennettu teho on 1,0 MW.
- Parannettu sisäänvirtausjärjestelmä: Otetaan käyttöön kahden vesilinjan vesivarat,
jotka yhdistyvät Pisãon padon alajuoksulla (oikealla rannalla oleva Chocanal -virta ja
vasemmalla rannalla oleva Linhares -virta), ja pumpataan vettä altaaseen, mikä
parantaa ko ko vesijärjestelmän tehokkuutta ja häiriönsietokykyä. Järjestelmä koostuu
alavirtaan kulkevasta ohitusputkesta, pumppausasemasta ja korotuslinjasta.
- Póvoan ja Meadasin patojen vesivarastojen kasvattaminen Pisão -padosta : rakennetaan
yhteys perustettavasta säiliöstä Póvoan ja Meadasin vedenpuhdistamoon Alter do
Chãon, Avisin, Craton, Fronteiran, Gaviãon, Nisan, Ponte de Sorin ja Souselin kuntien
vedenkulutukseen vastaamiseksi.
107 - Nykyisten maatalousalueiden tukemiseen tarkoitettu kasteluinfrastruktuuri: tähän
sisältyvät kasteluun tarkoitetut pumppausasemat, kanavat, tasausaltaat ja jakeluverkot,
kasteluverkostot ja maatalouden vedensaannin parantaminen, ja sen odotetaan luovan
5 078 hehtaaria uusia kastelulohkoja (Alter do Chão, Avis, Crato, Fronteira ja Sousel).
Kastelualue jaetaan osiin, joiden pinta -ala on enintään 100 hehtaaria.
- Aurinkosähkövoimalaitos (aurinkolevyt, invertterit, kellukkeet, matala - ja
keskijännitejohdot): aurinkosähköpaneelien asennus säiliön vesipeiliin. Toimenpide
rahoitetaan elpymis - ja palautumissuunnitelman ulkopuolella.
Odotuksena on, ettei tästä toimenpiteestä aiheudu asetuksen (EU) 2020/852 17 artiklassa
tarkoitettua merkittävää haittaa ympäristöta voitteille, kun otetaan huomioon toimenpiteen
kuvaus ja ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -periaatteesta annettujen teknisten ohjeiden (2021/C58/01)
mukaiset lieventävät toimenpiteet, jotka on esitetty elpymis - ja palautumissuunnitelmassa,
sekä välitavoitteet ja ta voitteet, jotka Portugalin on saavutettava. Osoitetaan, että sovellettavia
säännöksiä noudatetaan täysimääräisesti. Kun ympäristövaikutusten arvioinnin luonnos
julkaistaan julkista kuulemista varten, se sisältää 1) ennustetut vesivirtaamat vesistössä, joho n
vaikutukset kohdistuvat, perusskenaariossa (ei investointeja) ja investoinnin jälkeen ottaen
täysimääräisesti huomioon ilmastonmuutoksen haitalliset vaikutukset parhaan käytettävissä
olevan tieteellisen ennusteen perusteella, mukaan lukien uskottava pahi n mahdollinen
skenaario; ja 2) perustelut investoinnille verrattuna vaihtoehtoihin, joiden
ympäristövaikutukset ovat mahdollisesti vähäisemmät, sekä tavoitteiden (kasteltava pinta -ala
vs. maaseudun kestävä elvyttäminen) että niiden saavuttamiseksi käytettä vien keinojen (veden
kysynnän vähentäminen ja luontoon perustuvat ratkaisut) kannalta. Erityisesti kaikista
hankkeista, joilla voi olla merkittäviä ympäristövaikutuksia, tehdään ympäristövaikutusten
arviointi, joka saatetaan päätökseen direktiivin 2011/92/ EU mukaisesti, sekä asianmukaiset
arvioinnit, jotka liittyvät direktiiviin 2000/60/EY, vaadittujen lieventävien toimenpiteiden
toteuttaminen mukaan luettuna, ja hankkeiden yhteydessä varmistetaan ”ei merkittävää
haittaa” -periaatteesta annettujen teknisten ohjeiden noudattaminen (2021/C58/01).
Kaikki ympäristövaikutusten arvioinnin yhteydessä yksilöidyt toimenpiteet ja direktiivin
2000/60/EY mukainen arviointi, jotka ovat tarpeen ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -periaatteen
noudattamisen varmistamiseksi, on sisäl lytetty hankkeeseen, ja niitä noudatetaan tarkasti
infrastruktuurin rakennus -, käyttö - ja käytöstäpoistovaiheissa.
Ympäristövaikutusten arviointi perustuu uusimpiin, kattaviin ja tarkimpiin tietoihin, mukaan
lukien seurantatiedot biologisista laatutekijöis tä, jotka ovat erityisen herkkiä hydrologis -
morfologisille muutoksille, sekä vesistön odotettuun tilaan, joka on seurausta uusista
toiminnoista, verrattuna vesistön nykytilaan. Siinä arvioidaan erityisesti tämän uuden
hankkeen kumulatiivisia vaikutuksia ve sistöalueen muihin olemassa oleviin tai
suunniteltuihin infrastruktuureihin.
Asiaankuuluva viranomainen myöntää hankkeelle luvan, jossa eritellään kaikki teknisesti
toteutettavissa olevat ja ekologisesti merkitykselliset toimenpiteet, jotka on toteutettu
vaikutusten lieventämiseksi ja hyvän ekologisen tilan/potentiaalin saavuttamisen
varmistamiseksi asianomaisissa vesistöissä, ja varmistaa, että näiden toimenpiteiden
tehokkuutta seurataan, vesipuitedirektiivin 2000/60/EY vaatimusten mukaisesti.
Direktiivin 2000/60/EY noudattamiseksi osoitetaan, että kaikki mahdolliset vaikutukset
saman vesistöalueen vesistöjen tilaan ja suoraan vedestä riippuvaisiin suojeltuihin
luontotyyppeihin ja lajeihin on arvioitu ottaen erityisesti huomioon vedenottoon liittyvät
nykyi set paineet ja että tämän arvioinnin perusteella toimenpide
108 i) ei vaikuta merkittävästi tai peruuttamattomasti asianomaisiin vesistöihin eikä estä sitä, että
tietty vesistö, johon se liittyy, tai saman vesistöalueen muut vesistöt saavuttavat hyvän tilan
tai potentiaalin vuoden 2025 viimeisellä neljänneksellä; ja
ii) ei aiheuta merkittävää kielteistä vaikutusta suojeltuihin luontotyyppeihin ja lajeihin, jotka
ovat suoraan riippuvaisia vedestä.
Asiaankuuluva viranomainen myöntää hankkeelle luvan, jossa erite llään kaikki teknisesti
toteutettavissa olevat ja ekologisesti merkitykselliset toimenpiteet, jotka on toteutettu
vaikutusten lieventämiseksi ja hyvän ekologisen tilan/potentiaalin saavuttamisen
varmistamiseksi asianomaisissa vesistöissä vuoden 2025 viimei seen neljännekseen mennessä,
ja varmistaa, että näiden toimenpiteiden tehokkuutta seurataan, vesipuitedirektiivin
2000/60/EY vaatimusten mukaisesti.
Investointi on tarkoitus toteuttaa 31 päivään joulukuuta 2025 mennessä.
Investointi RE -C09-i03-RAM: Vesitehokkuutta ja Madeiran vesihuolto - ja
kastelujärjestelmien vahvistamista koskeva suunnitelma
Toimenpiteen tavoitteena on parantaa Madeiran saaren vesivarojen häiriönsietokykyä.
Investointi koostuu vesivarojen saatavuuden varmistamisesta tiheämmin asu tuilla alueilla
saaren eteläosissa optimoimalla olemassa olevien luonnonvarojen käyttöä, ottamalla
ylijäämävettä ilman, että tämä vaikuttaa ekosysteemeihin, perustamalla ja laajentamalla
strategisia varantoja sekä liittämällä yhteen eri vesilähteitä.
Odot uksena on, ettei tästä toimenpiteestä aiheudu asetuksen (EU) 2020/852 17 artiklassa
tarkoitettua merkittävää haittaa ympäristötavoitteille, kun otetaan huomioon toimenpiteen
kuvaus ja ”ei merkittävää haittaa” -periaatteesta annettujen teknisten ohjeiden (2 021/C58/01)
mukaiset lieventävät toimenpiteet, jotka on esitetty elpymis - ja palautumissuunnitelmassa,
sekä välitavoitteet ja tavoitteet, jotka Portugalin on saavutettava. Erityisesti kaikista
hankkeista, joilla voi olla merkittäviä ympäristövaikutuksia, t ehdään ympäristövaikutusten
arviointi direktiivin 2011/92/EU mukaisesti, sekä asianmukaiset arvioinnit, jotka liittyvät
direktiiviin 2000/60/EY ja direktiiviin 92/43/ETY, vaadittujen lieventävien toimenpiteiden
toteuttaminen mukaan luettuna.
Investointi on tarkoitus toteuttaa 31 päivään joulukuuta 2025 mennessä.
109
I.2. Seurantaa ja täytäntöönpanoa koskevat välitavoitteet, tavoitteet, indikaattorit ja aikataulu – rahoitustuki, jota ei makseta takaisin
Numero Toimenpide
(uudistus tai
investointi) Välitavoite
(V)/
Nimi Laadulliset
indikaattorit
(välitavoittei
den osalta) Määrälliset indikaattorit
(tavoitteiden osalta) Toteutusaika
taulu
Kunkin välitavoitteen ja tavoitteen kuvaus ja
selkeä määrittely Tavoite (T) Mitta -
yksikkö Perustaso Tavoi
te Vuo
sinel
jänn
es Vuosi
9.1 RE-C09-i01 T Asennettujen
pohjavesivarojen
lisäseurantapisteet
(SM3) Lukumäärä 32 82 Ensi
mmä
inen
neljä
nnes 2024 Pohjavesivarojen seuranta - ja valvontapisteiden
asentaminen (mukaan lukien pietsometrit ja
kaukomittausmittarit). Olemassa olevan 32:n
pietsometrin lisäksi asennetaan 50 pietsometriä.
9.2 RE-C09-i01 T Vesihävikin
vähentämiseen
tähtäävien verkkoa
koskevien toimien
loppuun saattaminen
(SM1) Km 0 125 Ensi
mmä
inen
neljä
nnes 2026 Verkkoa koskevien toimien loppuun saattaminen paineen
optimoimiseksi ja verkon kunnostamiseksi seuraavilla
toimilla: 1) paineen optimointi ja virtausmittaus, 2)
verkon kunnostaminen kaupunkialueilla/historiallisilla
alueilla 3) verkon kunnostaminen m aaseudulla tai
osittain maaseudusta muodostuvilla alueilla.
9.3 RE-C09-i01 T Maa -alueiden
nykyaikaistaminen
kollektiivisen ja
yksilöllisen kastelun
avulla (SM2) ha 0 10 300 Ensi
mmä
inen
neljä
nnes 2026 Ala, jota koskee tehokkaampien vedenjakelujärjestelmien
käyttöönotto korvaamalla kanavat kouruilla,
parantamalla verkon painetta, ottamalla käyttöön
kaukokartoitus - ja kulutuksenvalvontajärjestelmiä,
ottamalla käyttöön vuotojen havaitsemisjärjestelmiä
yhteisissä kastelujärjestelmissä ja ottamalla käyttöön
tehokkaampia ja valvottavia kastelujärjestelmiä
yksittäiseen kasteluun.
9.4 RE-C09-i01 T Käsittelylaitosten
lukumäärä käsitellyn
jäteveden tuotannon
ja puhdistuksen
varmistamiseksi (SM4) Lukumäärä 0 4 Ensi
mmä
inen
neljä
nnes 2026 Uusien käsittelylaitosten lukumäärä käyttövalmiin
käsitellyn jäteveden tuotannon varmistamiseksi
110 9.5 RE-C09-i01 V Ajan tasalle saatetun
suunnitelman
hyväksyminen
(tarvittaessa)
vedenottoa
koskevasta
toimenpiteestä
Guadianassa siten,
että siihen
sisällytetään
täysimääräisesti kaikki
ympäristövaikutusten
arvioinnin (SM5)
tulokset ja ehdot Päivitetyn
toimenpiteen
hyväksyminen
(tarvittaessa) Toin
en
neljä
nnes 2024 Hyväksytään (tarvittaessa) ajan tasalle saatettu
toimenpide, jossa on otettu täysimääräisesti huomioon
tarvittavat tulokset ja ehdot ympäristövaikutusten
arvioin nista, joka saatetaan päätökseen direktiivin
2011/92/EU mukaisesti, sekä direktiivin 2000/60/EY
yhteydessä tehdyistä asiaankuuluvista arvioinneista,
mukaan lukien tarvittavien lieventämistoimenpiteiden
toteuttaminen, millä varmistetaan ”ei merkittävää
haittaa” -periaatteesta annettujen teknisten ohjeiden
(2021/C58/01) noudattaminen.
Kaikki ympäristövaikutusten arvioinnin yhteydessä
yksilöidyt toimenpiteet ja direktiivin 2000/60/EY
mukainen arviointi, jotka ovat tarpeen ”ei merkittävää
haittaa” -periaatteen noudattamisen varmistamiseksi, on
sisällytetty hankkeeseen, ja niitä noudatetaan tarkasti
infrastruktuurin rakennus -, käyttö - ja
käytöstäpoistovaiheissa.
Vedenoton yhteydessä asiaankuuluva viranomainen
myöntää tarvittavan luvan, jossa täsmennetään
olosuhteet, joilla estetään pilaantuminen ja
varmistetaan, että vesistöt, joihin vaikutukset
kohdistuvat, säilyvät hyvässä ekologisessa tilassa
vesipolitiikan pui tedirektiivin 2000/60/EY vaatimusten
mukaisesti.
9.6 RE-C09-i01 V Vedenoton
aloittaminen
Guadianassa täysin
ympäristövaikutusten
arvioinnin (SM5)
tuloksia ja ehtoja
noudattaen Vedenoton
aloittaminen Viim
eine
n
neljä
nnes 2025 Vedenoton aloittaminen Guadianassa noudattaen täysin
direktiivin 2011/92/EU mukaisesti päätökseen saatetun
ympäristövaikutusten arvioinnin tuloksia, mukaan lukien
tarvittavien lieventämistoimenpiteiden täytäntöönpano,
millä varmistetaan ”ei merkittävää hai ttaa” -
periaatteesta annettujen teknisten ohjeiden
(2021/C58/01) noudattaminen.
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It does not contend that Congress may control the mere acquisi- tion or the mere ownership of stock in a state corporation engaged in interstate commerce. Nor does it contend that Congress can control the organization of state corporations authorized by their charters to engage in interstate and international commerce. But it does contend that Congress may protect the freedom of inter- state commerce by any means that are appropriate and that are lawful, and not prohibited by the Constitution. It does contend that no state corporation can stand in the way of the enforcement of the national will, legally expressed. What the government par- ticularly complains of — ^indeed, all that it complains of here — is the existence of a combination among the stockholders of competing railroad companies which, in violation of the act of Congress, re- strains interstate and international commerce through the agency of a common corporate trustee, designated to act for both compa- nies in repressing free competition between them. Independently of any question of the mere ownership of stock or of the organiza- tion of a state corporation, can it in reason be said that such a com- bination is not embraced by the very terms of the Anti-Trust Act? May not Congress declare that combination to be illegal? ♦ * * E^en if the state allowed consolidation, it would not follow that the stockholders of two or more state railroad corporations, having competing lines and engaged in interstate commerce, could law- 152 POWERS OF CONGRESS fully combine and form a distinct corporation to hold the stock of the constituent corporations, and, by destroying competition be- tween them, in violation of the act of Congress, restrain commerce among the states and with foreign nations. * * ♦ When Congress declared contracts, combinations, and conspira- cies in restraint of trade or commerce to be illegal, it did nothing more than apply to interstate commerce a rule that had been long applied by the several states when dealing with combinations that were in restraint of their domestic commerce. The decisions in state courts upon this general subject are not only numerous and instructive, but they show the circumstances under which the Anti- Trust Act was passed. * * * [After citing various state decisions upholding local anti-trust statutes;] The cases just cited, it is true, relate to the domestic commerce of the states. For the present, it has determined to go no farther than to protect the freedom of commerce among the states and with foreign states by declaring illegal all contracts, combinations, conspiracies, or COMMEBOIAL P0WBB8 153 monopolies in restraint of such commerce, and make it a public offense to violate the rule thus prescribed. How much further it may go, we do not now say. * * ♦ The suggestion is made that to restrain a state corporation from interfering with the free course of trade and commerce among the states, in violation of an act of Congress, is hostile to the reserved rights of the states. The federal court may not have power to for- feit the charter of the Securities Company ; it may not declare how its shares of stock may be transferred on its books, nor prohibit it from acquiring real estate, nor diminish or increase its capital stock. All these and like matters are to be regulated by the state which created the company. But to the end that effect be given to the national will, lawfully expressed, Congress may prevent that com- pany, in its capacity as a holding corporation and trustee, from carrying out the purposes of a combination formed in restraint of interstate commerce. * ♦ ♦ Upon like grounds the court can, by appropriate orders, prevent the two competing railroad companies here involved from co-operating with the Securities Com- pany in restraining commerce among the states. In short, the court may make any order necessary to bring about the dissolu- tion or suppression of an illegal combination that restrains inter- state commerce. * ♦ * So far as the Constitution of the United States is concerned, a state may, indeed, create a corporation, define its powers, prescribe the amount of its stock and the mode in which it may be trans- ferred. It may even authorize one of its corporations to engage in commerce of every kind, — domestic, interstate, and international. * * * But neither a state corporation nor its stockholders can, by reason of the nonaction of the state or by means of any com- bination among such stockholders, interfere with the complete en- forcement of any rule lawfully devised by Congress for the con- duct of commerce among the states or with foreign nations. ♦ * * Whilst every instrumentality of domestic commerce is subject to state control, every instrumentality of interstate commerce may be reached and controlled by national authority, so far as to compel it to respect the rules for such commerce lawfully established by Con- gress. * * * Decree affirmed.** !• In an omitted portion of his opinion (193 U. S. 354, 24 Sup. Ct. 436, 48 U Ed. 679), Harlan, J., stated that tiie Northern Securities Company was not a real purchaser or owner of the stocU, but merely a custodian to represent tbe combination of stockholders. In Harriman v. No. Secur. Ck>., 197 U. S. 244, 291, 25 Sup. Gt 493, 503, 49 L. Ed. 739 (1905), the SecurlUes Company was held to be an absolute owner ; Fuller, C. J., saying, referring to the prin- cipal case: "For the purposes of that suit it was enough that in any capacity tbe Securities Company had the power to vote the railway shares and to i^celve the dividends thereon. The objection was that the exercise of its powers, whether those of owner or of trustee, would tend to prevent com- petition, and thus to restrain commerce." 164 POWERS OF CONGRESS Mr. Justice Brewer, concurring. * ♦ ♦ [After stating that Congress could not deprive an individual of the right to purchase stock control of competing interstate railroads:] But no such in- vestment by a single individual of his means is here presented. There was a combination by several individuals, separately owning stock in two competing railroad companies, to place the control of both in a single corporation. The purpose to combine, and by combination destroy competition, existed before the organization of the corporation, the Securities Company. ♦ ♦ ♦ If the parties interested in these two railroad companies can, through the instrumentality of a holding corporation, place both under one control, then in like manner, as was conceded on the argument by one of the counsel for the appellants, could the con- trol of all the railroad companies in the country be placed in a single corporation. Nor need this arrangement for control stop with what has already been done. The holders of $201,000,000 of stock in the Northern Securities Company might organize another cor- poration to hold their stock in that company, and the new corpo- ration, holding the majority of the stock in the Northern Securi- ties Company, and acting in obedience to the wishes of a majority of its stockholders, would control the action of the Securities Com- pany and through it the action of the two railroad companies ; and this process might be extended until a single corporation whose stock was owned by three or four parties would be in practical control of both roads ; or, having before us the possibilities of com- bination, the control of the whole transportation system of the country. I cannot believe that to be a reasonable or lawful re- straint of trade. * * * Mr. Justice White [with whom concurred Fuller, C. J., and Peckham and Holmes, JJ.] dissenting. ♦ ♦ * [Quoting from Gibbons v. Ogden, ante, p. 109 :] "Commerce undoubtedly is traf- fic, but it is something more, — it is intercourse. It describes the commercial intercourse between nations and parts of nations in all its branches, and is regulated by prescribing rules for carrying on that intercourse" (Italics mine.) I think the ownership of stock in a state corporation cannot be said to be in any sense traffic between the states or intercourse be- tween them. If the acquisition of a large amount of property by an individual was deemed by Congress to confer upon him the power to* affect interstate commerce if he engaged in it. Congress could regulate that subject. If the wage-earner organized to better his condition and Congress believed that the existence of such organization would give power, if it were exerted, to affect interstate commerce. Con- gress could forbid the organization of all labor associations. In- deed, the doctrine must in reason lead to a concession of the right in Congress to regelate concerning the aptitude, the character, and capacity of persons. If individuals were deemed by Congress to be possessed of such ability that participation in the management of two great competing railroad enterprises would endow them with the power to injuriously affect interstate commerce. Congress could forbid such participation. * * * The general governmental [power] to reasonably control the use of property, affords no foundation for the proposition that there exists in government a power to limit the quantity and character of property which may be acquired and owned. The difference be- tween the two is that which exists between a free and constitutional government, restrained by law, and an absolute government, un- restrained by any of the principles which are necessary for the perpetuation of society, and the protection of life liberty, and prop- erty. * * ♦ [Hoi^MEs, J., also gave an opinion, in which concurred the other dissenting justices.] WELTON v. MISSOURI. (SnpFeme Ck>iirt of United States^ 1875. 01 U. S. 275, 23 L. Ed. 347.) [Error to the Supreme Court of Missouri. A statute required a license from all persons peddling in the state goods produced or manufactured elsewhere, but required no license for peddling do- mestic goods. Defendant was convicted of peddling, without a license, sewing machines made out of the state, and this was af- firmed by the state Supreme Court.] 156 POWERS OF CONGRESS Mr. Justice FiEi^d. * ♦ * The license charge exacted is sought to be maintained as a tax upon a calling. It was held to be such a tax by the Supreme Court of the state ; a calling, says the court, which is limited to the sale of merchandise not the growth or product of the state. The general power of the state to impose taxes in the way of licenses upon all pursuits and occupations within its limits is ad- mitted, but, like all other powers, must be exercised in subordina- tion to the requirements of the federal Constitution. Where the business or occupation consists in the sale of goods, the license tax required for its pursuit is in effect a tax upon the goods themselves. If such a tax be within the power of the state to levy, it matters not whether it be raised directly from the goods, or indirectly from them through the license to the dealer; but, if such tax conflict with any power vested in Congress by the Constitution of the United States, it will not be any the less invalid because enforced through the form of a personal license. * * * So, in like manner, the license tax exacted by the state of Mis- souri from dealers in goods which are not the product or manufac- ture of the state, before they can be sold from place to place within the state, must be regarded as a tax upon such goods themselves; and the question presented is, whether legislation thus discriminat- ing against the products of other states in the conditions of their sale by a certain class of dealers is valid under the Constitution of the United States. It was contended in the state courts, and it is urged here, that this legislation violates that clause of the Consti- tution which declares that Congress shall have the power to regu- late commerce with foreign nations and among the several states. The power to regulate conferred by that clause upon Congress is one without limitation; and to regulate commerce is to prescribe rules by which it shall be governed, — that is, the conditions upon which it shall be conducted ; to determine how far it shall be free and untrammelled, how far it shall be burdened by duties and im- posts, and how far it shall be prohibited. Commerce is a term of the largest import. It comprehends in- tercourse for the purposes of trade in any and all its forms, includ- ing the transportation, purchase, sale, and exchange of commodities between the citizens of our country and the citizens or subjects of other countries, and between the citizens of different states. The power to regulate it embraces all the instruments by which such commerce may be conducted. So far as some of these instruments are concerned, and some subjects which are local in their operation, it has been held that the states may provide regulations until Con- gress acts with reference to them; but where the subject to which the power applies is national in its character, or of such a nature as to admit of uniformity of regulation, the power is exclusive of all state authority. COMMERCIAL POWERS 157 It will not be denied that that portion of commerce with foreign countries and between the states which consists in the transporta- tion and exchange of commodities is of national importance, and admits and requires uniformity of regulation. The very object of investing this power in the general government was to insure this uniformity against discriminating state legislation. The depressed condition of commerce and the obstacles to its growth previous to the adoption of the Constitution, from the want of some single con- trolling authority, has been frequently referred to by this court in commenting upon the power in question. * * * The power which insures uniformity of commercial regulation must cover the property which is transported as an article of com- merce from hostile or interfering legislation, until it has mingled with and become a part of the general property of the country, and subjected like it to similar protection, and to no greater burdens. If, at any time before it has thus become incorporated into the mass of property of the state or nation, it can be subjected to any restric- tions by state legislation, the object of investing the control in Congress may be entirely defeated. If Missouri can require a license tax for the sale by travelling dealers of goods which are the growth, product, or manufacture of other states or countries, it may require such license tax as a condition of their sale from ordi- nary merchants, and the amount of the tax will be a matter resting exclusively in its discretion. The power of the state to exact a license tax of any amount being admitted, no authority would remain in the United States or in this court to control its action, however unreasonable or oppressive. Imposts operating as an absolute exclusion of the goods would be possible, and all the evils of discriminating state legislation, fa- vorable to the interests of one state and injurious to the interests of other states and countries, which existed previous to the adop- tion of the Constitution, might follow, and the experience of the last fifteen years shows would follow, from the action of some of the states. There is a difficulty, it is true, in all cases of this character, in drawing the line precisely where the commercial power of Congress ends and the power of the state begins. * * * it would be premature to state any rule which would be universal in its appli- cation to determine when the commercial power of the federal gov- ernment over a commodity has ceased, and the power of the state has commenced. It is sufficient to hold now that the commercial power continues until the commodity has ceased to be the subject of discriminating legislation by reason of its foreign character. That power protects it, even after it has entered the state, from any burdens imposed by reason of its foreign origin. The act of Mis- souri encroaches upon this power in this respect, and is therefore, in our judgment, unconstitutional and void. 158 POWERS OF CONGRESS The fact that Congress has not seen fit to prescribe any specific rules to govern interstate commerce does not affect the question. Its inaction on this subject, when considered with reference to its legislation with respect to foreign commerce, is equivalent to a declaration that interstate commerce shall be free and untram- melled. As the main object of that commerce is the sale and ex- change of commodities, the policy thus established would be de- feated by discriminating legislation like that of Missouri ♦ ♦ ♦ Judgment reversed. PHILADELPHIA & SOUTHERN MAIL S. S. CO. v. PENN- SYLVANIA. (Supreme Court of United States, 1887. 122 U. S. 826, 7 Sup. Ct Ilia 30 L. Ed. 1200.) [Error to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. A state statute imposed a tax of ®/io per cent, upon the gross receipts of every transportation company incorporated by or doing business in the state. The Philadelphia, etc., S. S. Company, a Pennsylvania cor- poration, denied the validity of this tax, as to its receipts derived from transportation by sea between different states and to foreign countries. From a decision against it, this writ was taken.] Mr. Justice Bradi^^y. The question which underlies the imme- diate question in the case is whether the imposition of the tax upon the steam-ship company's receipts amounted to a regulation of, or an interference with, interstate and foreign commerce, and was thus in conflict with the power granted by the Constitution to Congress. The tax was levied directly upon the receipts derived by the company from its fares and freights for the transportation of persons and goods between different states, and between the states and foreign countries, and from the charter of its vessels, which was for the same purpose. This transportation was an act of in- terstate and foreign commerce. It was the carrying on of such commerce. It was that, and nothing else. In view of the decisions of this court, it cannot be pretended that the state could constitu- tionally regulate or interfere with that commerce itself. But taxing is one of the forms of regulation. It is one of the principal forms. Taxing the transportation, either by its tonnage or its distance, or by the number of trips performed, or in any other way, would certainly be a regulation of the commerce, a restriction upon it, a burden upon it. Clearly, this coula not be done by the state with- out interfering with the power of Congress. Foreign commerce has been fully regulated by Congress, and any regulations imposed by the states upon that branch of commerce would be a palpable interference. If Congress has not made any express regulations COMMEBCIAL POWERS 159 with regard to interstate commerce, its inaction, as we have often held, is equivalent to a declaration that it shall be free in all cases where its power is exclusive; and its power is necessarily exclu- sive whenever the subject-matter is national in its character, and properly admits of only one uniform system. See the cases col- lected in Robbins v. Shelby Taxing-Dist., 120 U. S. 489, 492, 493, 7 Sup. Ct. 592, 30 L. Ed. 694. Interstate commerce carried on by ships on the sea is surely of ihis character. If, then, the commerce carried on by the plaintiff in error in this case could not be constitutionally taxed by the state, could the fares and freights received for transportation in carrying on that commerce be constitutionally taxed? If the state cannot tax the transportation, may it, nevertheless, tax the fares and freights re- ceived therefor? Where is the difference? Looking at the sub- stance of things, and not at mere forms, it is very difficult to see any difference. The one thing seems to be tantamount to the other. It would seem to be rather metaphysics than plain logic for the state officials to say to the company : "We will not tax you for the transportation you perform, but we will tax you for what you get for performing it." Such a position can hardly be said to be based on a sound method of reasoning. * * * Of what use would it be to the ship-owner, in carrying on interstate and foreign com- merce, to have the right of transporting persons and goods free from state interference if he had not the equal right to charge for such transportation without such interference? The very object of his engaging in transportation is to receive pay for it. If the regulation of the transportation belongs to the power of Congress to regulate commerce,, the regulation of fares and freights receiv- able for such transportation must equally belong to that power; and any burdens imposed by the state on such receipts must be in conflict with it. To apply the language of Chief Justice Marshall, fares and freights for transportation in carrying on interstate or foreign commerce are as much essential ingredients of that com- merce as transportation itself. * * * [After discussing the Case of the State Freight Tax, 15 Wall. 232, 21 L. Ed. 146, which held invalid, as applied to interstate traf- fic, a Pennsylvania tax of several cents a ton upon all freight car- ried in the state:] If this case stood alone, we should have no hesi- tation in saying that it would entirely govern the one before us ; for, as before said, a tax upon fares and freights received for transportation is virtually a tax upon the transportation itself. But at the same time that the Case of State Freight Tax was decided [another case], that of State Tax on Railway Gross Receipts, was also decided, and the opinion was delivered by the same member of the court. 15 Wall. 284, 21 L. Ed. 164. * ♦ * [This case in- volved a state tax of % per cent, upon all the gross receipts of 160 POWERS OF C0NQRBS8 transportation companies incorporated in Pennsylvania, payable semi-annually.] The same line of argument was taken at tbe bar as in the other case. This court, however, held the tax to be con- stitutional. The grounds on which the opinion was based, 'in or- der to distinguish this case from the preceding one, were two: First, that' the tax, being collectible only once in six months, was laid upon a fund which had become the property of the company, mingled with its other property, and incorporated into the general mass of its property, possibly expended in improvements or other- wise invested. The case is likened, in the opinion, to that of tax- ing goods which have been imported after their original packages have been broken, and after they have been mixed with the mass of property in the country, which, it was said, are conceded in Brown V. Maryland [12 Wheat. 419, 6 L. Ed. 678] to be taxable. This reasoning seems to have much force. But is the analogy to the case of imported goods as perfect as is suggested? When the latter become mingled with the general mass of property in the state, they are not followed and singled out for taxation as im- ported goods, and by reason of their being imported. If they were, the tax would be as unconstitutional as if imposed upon them while in the original packages. * * * [Referring to Welton v. Mis- souri, ante, p. The second ground on which the decision referred to was based was that the tax was upon the franchise of the corporation granted COMMERCIAL POWBBS 161 to It by the state. We do not think that this can be affirmed in the present case. It certainly could not have been intended as a tax on the corporate franchise, because, by the terms of the act, it was laid equally on the corporations of other states doing business in Pennsylvania. If intended as a tax on the franchise of doing business, — ^which in this case is the business of transportation in carrying on interstate and foreign commerce, — it would clearly be unconstitutional. * * * j^ ^as held by this court in the case of Gloucester Ferry Co. v. Pennsylvania, 114 U. S. 196, 5 Sup. Ct. 826, 29 L. Ed. 158, that interstate commerce carried on by corpo- rations is entitled to the same protection against state exactions which is given to such commerce when carried on by individuals. In that case [a Pennsylvania tax was held invalid which] was laid upon the capital stock of a ferry company incorporated by New Jersey, and engaged in the business of transporting passengers and freight between Camden, in New Jersey, and the city of Phila- delphia. ♦ * * It is hardly necessary to add that the tax on the capital stock of the New Jersey Company, in that case, was de- cided to be unconstitutional, because, as the corporation was a for- eign one, the tax could only be construed as a tax for the privilege or franchise of carrying on its business, and that business was inter- state commerce. The decision in this case, and the reasoning on which it is founded, so far as they relate to the taxation of interstate commerce carried on by corporations, apply equally to domestic and foreign coq)orations. No doubt, the capital stock of the former, regarded as inhabitants of the state, or their property, may be taxed as other corporations and inhabitants are, provided no discrimination be made against them as corporations carrying on foreign or interstate commerce, so as to make the tax, in effect, a tax on such commerce. But their business as carriers in foreign or interstate commerce cannot be taxed by the state under the plea that they are exercising a franchise. * * * Can the tax in this case be regarded as an income tax? And, if it can, does that make any difference as to its constitutionality? * * * Conceding, however, that an income tax may be imposed on certain classes of the community, distinguished by the charac- ter of their occupations, this is not an income tax on the class to which it refers, but a tax on their receipts for transportation only. * * * It is unnecessary, therefore, to discuss the question which would arise if the tax were properly a tax on income. * * * The corporate franchises, the property, the business, the income of corporations created by a state may undoubtedly be taxed by the state ; but, in imposing such taxes, care should be taken not to interfere with or hamper, directly or by indirection, interstate or Hall Cases Gonst.L. — 11 162 POWERS OF CONGRBS8 foreign commerce, or any other matter exclusively within the ju- risdiction of the federal government. * * ♦ Judgment reversed. ALLEN V. PULLMAN'S PALACE CAR COMPANY. (Supreme Court of United States, 1903. 191 U. S. 171, 24 Sup. Ct 39. 48 L Ed. 134.) [Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Middle District of Tennessee. The Pullman Company sued Allen, the comptroller of Tennessee, to recover back taxes paid by it under protest for the years 1887 to 1893. From a judgment in its favor, Allen took this writ. The yearly gross receipts of the company from interstate business extending into the state were $500,000. The similar receipts from its purely local business in the state were $25,000. Other facts appear in the opinion.] Mr. Justice Day. The taxes in controversy were levied under certain revenue laws of the state of Tennessee. Those for the years 1887 and 1888 provided : "That the rate of taxation on the following privileges shall be as follows : Sleeping cars : Each company doing business in the state, on each car, per annum, $500." Section eight of the act provided : "That any and all parties, firms, or corpora- tions exercising any of the foregoing privileges must pay this tax, as set forth in this act, for the exercise of such privilege, whether they make a business of it or not." The Tennessee act of 1877, imposing a tax upon the running of sleeping cars, was before this court for consideration in the case of Pickard v. Pullman Southern Car Co., 117 U. S. 34, 29 L. Ed. 785,6 Sup. Ct. 635. * * * It was [there] held that the tax was a burden upon interstate commerce, and void because of the exclusive power of Congress to regulate commerce between the states. Unless the statute now under consideration can be distinguished from the one then con- strued, the Pickard Case is decisive of the present case. * * * In the act of 1877 the running and using of sleeping cars on rail- roads in the state, when the cars are not owned by the railroads upon which they are run, is declared to be a privilege. Under the act of 1887, the tax is specifically imposed upon a privilege. Under the act of 1877, the tax imposed was $50 for each car or coach used or run over the road. Under the act of 1887, each company doing business in the state is required to pay $500 per annum for the same privilege. The distinction, except in the amount of annual tax exacted, is without substantial difference. Under the earlier act the tax is required for the privilege of running and using sleep- ing cars on railroads not owning the cars. In the later act it is en- acted for the privilege of doing business in the state. The railroads upon which the cars are run are lines traversing the state, but not confined to its limits. The cars of the Pullman Com- pany run into and beyond the state as well as between points with- in the state. The act in its terms applies to cars running through the state as well as those whose operation is wholly intrastate. It applies to all alike, and requires payment for the privilege of running the cars of the company, regardless of the fact whether used in interstate traffic or in that which is wholly within the bor- ders of the state. There is no decision of the supreme court of Tennessee limiting the act in its operation to intrastate traffic. * * « The statute now under consideration requires payment of the sum exacted for the privilege of doing any business, when the principal thing to be done is interstate traffic. We are not at lib- erty to read into the statute terms not found therein or necessarily implied, with a view to limiting the tax to local business, which the legislature, in the terms of the act, impose upon the entire business of the company. We are of opinion that taxes exacted under the act of 1887 are void as an attempt by the state to impose a burden upon interstate commerce. Other considerations apply in the construction of the act of 1889, under which, or acts identical in terms, taxes were collected from 1889 to 1893, inclusive. It provides : "Sec. 4. The rate of taxation on the following privileges shall be as follows, per annum : * * * Sleeping car companies (in lieu of all other taxes except ad valorem tax) for one or more passengers taken up at one point in this state and delivered at another point in this state, and transported wholly within the state, per annum $3,000.*' Its terms apply strictly to business done in the transportation of passengers taken up at one point in the state and transported wholly within the state to an- other point therein. It is not necessary to review the numerous cases in this court in which attempts by the states to control or regulate interstate commerce have been the subject of considera- tion. While they show a zealous care to preserve the exclusive right of Congress to regulate interstate traffic, the corresponding right of the state to tax and control the internal business of the state, although thereby foreign or interstate commerce may be in- directly affected, has been recognized with equal clearness. In the late case of Osborne v. Florida, 164 U. S. 650, 41 L. Ed. 586, 17 Sup. Ct. 215, Mr. Justice Peckham, speaking for the court, said: "It has never been held, however, that when the business of the company, which is wholly within the state, is but a mere incident 164 POWERS OF CONGRESS to Its interstate business, such fact would furnish any obstacle to the valid taxation by the state of the business of the company which is entirely local. So long as the regulation as to the license or tax- ation does not refer to, and is not imposed upon, the business of the company which is interstate, there is no interference with that commerce by the state statute/' Granting that the right exists whereby a state may impose privi- lege or license fees upon business carried on wholly within the state, it is argued that the tax of $3,000 per annum, collected for carrying one or more local passengers on cars operating within the state, is assessed upon traffic which bears such small proportion to the entire business of the company within the state that it could not have been levied in good faith upon purely local business, and is but a thinly disguised attempt to tax the privilege of interstate traffic. If the payment of this tax was compulsory upon the com- pany before it could do a carrying business within the state, and the burden of its payment, because of the minor character of the domestic traffic, rested mainly upon the receipts from interstate traffic, there would be much force in this objection. Upon this proposition we are unable to distinguish this case from Pullman Co. V. Adams, 189 U. S. 420, 47 L. Ed. 877, 23 Sup. Ct. 494, de- cided at the last term, wherein it was held that the privilege tax imposed by the state of Mississippi, upon each car carrying passen- gers from one point in the state to another therein, was a valid tax, notwithstanding the fact that the company offered to show that its receipts from the carrying of the passengers named did not equal the expenses chargeable against such receipts. This conclu- sion was based upon the right of the company to abandon the busi- ness if it saw fit. It was urged that under the Constitution of Mississippi the Pullman Company was a common carrier, required to carry passengers, and therefore could not be taxed for the privi- lege of doing that which it was compelled to do ; but in view of a decision of the supreme court of Mississippi, sustaining the tax, it was assumed that no such objection existed under the state Con- stitution. Speaking upon this subject, Mr. Ct. 851. On the other hand, if the Pullman Company, whether called a common carrier or not, had the right to choose between what points it would carry, and therefore to give up the carriage of passengers from one point to another within the state, the case COMMERCIAL POWBRB 165 is governed by Osborne v. Florida, 164 U. S. 650, 41 L. Ed. 586, 17 Sup. Ct. 214. The company cannot complain of being taxed for the privilege of doing a local business which it is free to renounce. Both parties agree that the tax is a privilege tax." ♦ * * [Under section 3046, Shannon's Tenn. Code, it was held that Tennessee had abrogated the common law rule requiring inn-keep- ers and passenger carriers to serve all, and that the Pullman Com- pany was under no obligation to receive passengers in the state.] It follows that a tax imposed upon domestic business, under the circumstances shown, cannot be a burden upon interstate com- merce in such sense as will invalidate it. Under the judgment of the court below, the Pullman Company was permitted to recover for license taxes levied under both acts. In so far as it permitted a recovery for taxes under the act of 1889 and identical laws of other years, the judgment should be modified. GALVESTON, H. & S. A. RY. CO. v. TEXAS. (Supreme Court of United States, 1908. 210 U. S. 217, 28 Sup. Gt 638, 52 L. Ed. 1031.) [Error to the Supreme Court of Texas. A state statute imposed upon each railroad, whose lines lay wholly within the state, an annual tax "equal to 1 per cent, of its gross receipts." In an action by the state to collect such taxes this statute was upheld by the state courts.] Mr. Justice Holmes. * * * The lines of the railroads con- cerned are wholly within the state, but they connect with other lines, and a part, in some instances much the larger part, of their gross receipts is derived from the carriage of passengers and freight coming from, or destined to, points without the state. In view of this portion of their business, the railroads contend that the case is governed by Philadelphia & S. Mail S. S. Co. v. Pennsylvania, 122 U. S. 326, 30 L. Ed. 1200, 1 Interst. Com. Rep. 308, 7 Sup. Ct. 1118. The counsel for the state rely upon Maine v. Grand Trunk R. Co., 142 U. S. 217, 35 L. Ed. 994, 3 Interst. Com. Rep. 807, 12 Sup. Ct. 121, 163, and maintain, if necessary, that the later over- rules the earlier case. In Philadelphia & S. Mail S. S. Co. v. Pennsylvania, supra, it was decided that a tax upon the gross receipts of a steamship cor- poration of the state, when such receipts were derived from com- merce between the states and with foreign countries, was uncon- stitutional. We regard this decision as unshaken and as stating established law. * * * jj^ Maine v. Grand Trunk R. Co., supra, the authority of the Philadelphia Steamship Company Case was accepted without question, and the decision was justified by the 166 POWERS OF CONaBESB majority as not in any way qualifying or impairing it. The validity of the distinction was what divided the court. It being once admitted, as of course it must be, that not every law that affects commerce among the states is a regulation of it in a constitutional sense, nice distinctions are to be expected. Regu- lation and commerce among the states both are practical rather than technical conceptions, and, naturally, their limits must be fixed by practical lines. As the property of companies engaged in such commerce may be taxed (Pullman's Palace Car Co. v. Penn- sylvania, 141 U. S. 18, 35 L. Ed. 613, 3 Interst. Com. Rep. 595, 11 Sup. Ct. 876), and may be taxed at its value as it is, in its organic relations, and not merely as a congeries of unrelated items, taxes on such property have been sustained that took account of the augmentation of value from the commerce in which it was engaged. Adams Exp. Co. v. Ohio State Auditor, 165 U. S. 194, 41 L. Ed. 683, 17 Sup. Ct. 305 ; Adams Exp. Co. v. Kentucky, 166 U. S. 171, 41 L. Ed. 960, 17 Sup. Ct. 527; Fargo v. Hart, 193 U. S. 490, 499, 48 L. Ed. 761, 765, 24 Sup. Ct. 498. So it has been held that a tax 'on the property and business of a railroad operated within the state might be estimated prima facie by gross income, computed by adding to the income derived from business within the state the proportion of interstate business equal to the proportion between the road over which the business was carried within the state to the total length of the road over which it was carried. Wisconsin & M. R. Co. V. Powers, 191 U. S. 379, 48 L. Ed. 229, 24 Sup. Ct. 107. Since the commercial value of property consists in the expecta- tion of income from it, and since taxes ultimately, at least, in the long run, come out of income, obviously taxes called taxes on prop- erty, and those called taxes on income or receipts, tend to run into each other somewhat as fair value and anticipated profits run into each other in the law of damages. The difficulty of distinguishing them became greater when it was decided, not without much de- bate and difference of opinion, that interstate carriers' propert}' might be taxed as a going concern. In Wisconsin & M. R. Co. v. Powers, supra, the measure of property by income purported only to be prima facie valid. But the extreme case came earlier. In Maine v. Grand Trunk R. Co. supra, "an annual excise tax for the privilege of exercising its franchise" was levied upon everyone op- erating a railroad in the state, fixed by percentages, varying up to a certain limit, upon the average gross receipts per mile multiplied "by a number of miles within the state, when the road extended outside. This seems at first sight like a reaction from the Phila- -delphia & Southern Mail Steamship Company Case. But it may not have been. The estimated gross receipts per mile may be said to have been made a measure of the value of the property per mile. COMMERCIAL POWERS 167 That the effort of the state was to reach that value, and not to fasten on the receipts from transportation as such, was shown by the fact that the scheme of the statute was to establish a system. The buildings of the railroad and its lands and fixtures outside of its right of way were to be taxed locally, as other property was taxed, and this excise with the local tax were to be in lieu of all taxes. The language shows that the local tax was not expected to include the additional value gained by the property being part of a going concern. That idea came in later. The excise was an at- tempt to reach that additional value. The two taxes together fairly may be called a commutation tax. See Ficklen v. Taxing District, 145 U. S. 1, 23, 36 L. Ed. 601, 607, 4 Interst. Com. Rep. 79, 12 Sup. Ct. 810; Postal Teleg. Cable Co. v. Adams, 155 U. S. 688, 697, 39 L. Ed. 311, 316, 5 Interst. Com. Rep. 1, 15 Sup. Ct. 268, 360; Mc- Henry v. Alford, 168 U. S. 651, 670, 671, 42 L. Ed. 614, 621, 18 Sup. Ct 242. "By whatever name the exaction may be called, if it amounts to no more than the ordinary tax upon property or a just equivalent therefor, ascertained by reference thereto, it is not open to attack as inconsistent with the Constitution." Postal Teleg. Cable Co. v. Adams, supra. See New York, L. E. & W. R. Co. v. Pennsylvania, 158 U. S. 431, 438, 439, 39 L. Ed. 1043, 1045, 1046, 15 Sup. Ct. 896. The question is whether this is such a tax. It appears sufficiently, perhaps from what has been said, that we are to look for a practical rather than a logical or philosophical distinction. The state must be allowed to tax the property, and to tax it at its actual value as a going concern. On the other hand, the state cannot tax the interstate business. The two necessities hardly admit of an abso- lute logical reconciliation. Yet the distinction is not without sense. When a legislature is trying simply to value property, it is less likely to attempt or to effect injurious regulation than when it is aiming directly at the receipts from interstate commerce. A prac- tical line can be drawn by taking the whole scheme of taxation into account. That must be done by this court as best it can. Nei- ther the state courts nor the legislatures, by giving the tax a par- ticular name or by the use of some form of words, can take away our duty to consider its nature and effect If it bears upon com- merce among the states so directly as to amount to a regulation in a relatively immediate way, it will not be saved by name or form. Stockard v. Morgan, 185 U. S. 27, 37, 46 L. Ed. 785, 794, 22 Sup. Ct. 576; Asbell v. Kansas, 209 U. S. 251, 254, 256, 28 Sup. Ct. 485, 52 L. Ed. 778, 14 Ann. Cas. 1101.
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1267130_2005_6
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SEC
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Open Government
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Public Domain
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English
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Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash equivalents consist of commercial paper and other investments that are readily convertible into cash and have maturities at date of purchase of three months or less. Unpresented checks net of bank balance in a single bank account are classified as current liabilities. WFB had $58,147 and $77,237 of cash and cash equivalents in fiscal years 2004 and 2003, respectively. Due to regulatory restrictions the Company is restricted from using this cash for non-banking operations, including for working capital for the direct and retail businesses.
Securitization of Credit Card Loans - WFB sells a substantial portion of its credit card loans. Thus a majority of the credit card loans are classified as held for sale and are carried at the lower of cost or market. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income. Although WFB continues to service the underlying credit card accounts and maintains the customer relationships, these transactions are treated as sales and the securitized receivables are removed from the consolidated balance sheet. WFB retains certain interests in the loans, including interest-only strips, cash reserve accounts and servicing rights.
Under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, gains or losses are recognized at the time of each sale. These gains or losses on sales depend in part on the carrying amount assigned to the loans sold allocated between the assets sold and retained interest based on their relative fair values at the date of transfer. For the fiscal years ended 2004, 2003 and 2002, WFB recognized gains on sale of $8.9 million, $5.9 million and $7.7 million, respectively, which are reflected as a component of financial services revenue.
Since WFB receives adequate compensation relative to current market servicing rates, a servicing asset or liability is not recognized.
For interest-only strips, WFB uses its best estimates for fair values based on the present value of future expected cash flows using assumptions for credit losses, payment rates and discount rates commensurate with the risks involved. The future expected cash flows do not include interchange income since interchange income is only earned when and if a charge is made to a customer’s account. However, WFB has the rights to the remaining cash flows (including interchange fees, if any) after the other costs of the trust are paid. Consequently, interchange income on securitized receivables is included within securitization income of financial services revenue. Financial services revenue is presented in Note 20.
WFB is required to maintain a cash reserve account as part of the securitization program. In addition, WFB owns Class B certificates from one of its securitizations. The fair value of the cash reserve account is
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
estimated by discounting future cash flows using a rate that reflects the risks commensurate with similar types of instruments. For the Class B certificates, the fair value approximates the book value of the underlying receivables. These retained interests (interest-only strip, cash reserve account and Class B certificates) are measured like investments in debt securities classified as trading under SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.
Inventories - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the last-in, first-out method (dollar value, link-chain) for all inventories except for those inventories owned by Van Dyke Supply Company, and Wild Wings, LLC, subsidiaries of the Company, which use the first-in, first-out method. If all inventories had been valued using the first-in, first-out method, which approximates replacement cost, the stated value would have been greater by $0 and $48 as of the fiscal years ended 2004 and 2003, respectively. All inventories are in one inventory class and are classified as finished goods. A provision for shrink is estimated, based on historical cycle count adjustments and periodic physical inventories. The allowance for damaged goods from returns is based upon historical experience. Inventory is adjusted for obsolete or slow moving inventory based on inventory aging reports and, in some cases, by specific identification of slow moving or obsolete inventory. Provisions for inventory losses included within cost of merchandise sales were approximately $1,862, $4,756, and $2,362 for fiscal years ended 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Accounting for Vendor Allowances - Vendor allowances include allowances, rebates and cooperative advertising funds received from vendors. These funds are determined for each fiscal year and the majority is based on various quantitative contract terms. Amounts expected to be received from vendors relating to purchase of merchandise inventories are recognized as a reduction of costs of goods sold as the merchandise is sold. Amounts that represent a reimbursement of costs incurred, such as advertising, are recorded as a reduction to the related expense in the period that the related expense is incurred. Fair value of expenses reimbursed is determined using actual costs incurred, such as print and production costs for media or catalog advertising. Reimbursements received from vendors that exceed related expenses are classified as a reduction of merchandise costs of goods sold when the merchandise is sold.
The Company records an estimate of earned allowances based on the latest projected purchase volumes. Historical program results, current purchase volumes, and inventory projections are reviewed when establishing the estimate for earned allowances, and a reserve based on historical adjustments is recorded as a reduction to the total estimated allowance.
Deferred Catalog Costs and Advertising - The Company expenses the production cost of advertising as the advertising takes place, except for catalog advertising costs, which are capitalized and amortized over the expected period of future benefits.
Catalog advertising consists primarily of catalogs for the Company’s products. The capitalized costs of the advertising are amortized over a four to twelve month period following the mailing of the catalogs.
At fiscal year ends 2004 and 2003, $26,592 and $26,928, respectively, of catalog costs were included in prepaid expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Advertising expense was $157,623, $146,062 and $129,090 for the fiscal years ended 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Advertising vendor allowances recorded as a reduction to advertising expense, included in the amounts above were approximately $3,290, $4,044 and $2,254 for the fiscal years ended 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively.
Store Preopening Expenses - Non-capital costs associated with the opening of new stores are expensed as incurred.
Property and Equipment - Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided for in amounts sufficient to relate the cost of depreciable assets to operations over their
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
estimated service lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lives of the respective leases or the service lives of the improvements whichever is shorter. The straight-line method of depreciation is used for financial reporting. Assets held under capital lease agreements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease term. Major improvements that extend the useful life of an asset are charged to the property and equipment accounts. Routine maintenance and repairs are charged against earnings. The cost of property and equipment retired or sold and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any related gain or loss is included in earnings. Long-lived assets used by the Company are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company capitalizes interest costs on construction of projects while they are being constructed and before they are placed into service. For the fiscal years ended 2004, 2003 and 2002, the Company capitalized $0, $246 and $151 of interest costs.
The Company follows the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement of Position (“SOP”) No. 98-1, Accounting for the Cost of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use. In accordance with SOP No. 98-1, the Company capitalizes all costs related to internally developed or purchased software and amortizes these costs on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.
Intangible Assets - Intangible assets consist of purchased credit card relationships, deferred financing costs, non-compete agreements and goodwill. Purchased credit card relationships represent the intangible value of acquired credit card relationships. Recorded goodwill is tested annually for impairment by comparing the fair value of the Company’s reporting units to their carrying value. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2003 and 2004. Fair value was determined using a discounted cash flow methodology. As a result of these tests, no impairments were recognized and there were no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill.
Marketable Securities - Economic development bonds (“bonds”) that are issued by the state and local municipalities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as “held-to-maturity” and recorded at amortized cost. WFB holds mortgage backed securities from the Nebraska Investment Finance Authority (NIFA), which are classified as “held-to-maturity” and recorded at amortized cost. For bonds classified as available-for-sale where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are estimated using present value or other valuation techniques. The fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on available market information and judgments about the bonds, such as estimates of timing and amount of expected future cash flows. Such estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular bond, nor do they consider the tax impact of the realization of unrealized gains or losses.
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values, are classified as “available-for-sale” and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of related income taxes, excluded from earnings and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Declines in the fair value of held-to-maturity and available-for-sale bonds and securities below cost that are deemed to be other than temporary are reflected in earnings as realized losses. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific identification method.
Investment in Equity and Cost Method Investees - Companies that are 50% or less owned by the Company have been excluded from consolidation. The Company reflects its 33% investment in Three Corners LLC at cost plus its equity in undistributed net earnings or losses since acquisition reduced by dividends. Dividends received from Three Corners LLC were $150, $0, and $0 for the fiscal years ended 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. In December 2004, the Company disposed of its investment in Great
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
Wolf Lodge, LLC, and recorded a gain in other income of $2,532. The Company reflected its 17.5% investment in Great Wolf Lodge, LLC at cost due to the preferred nature of its investment, which did not provide for sharing in the earnings and losses, and was adjusted only for other-than-temporary declines in fair value. Distributions received in excess of earnings, subsequent to the date of investment were considered a return on investment and is recorded as a reduction of the cost of the investment. Distributions received from Great Wolf Lodge, LLC were $995, $182 and $0 for the fiscal years ended 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Government Economic Assistance - In conjunction with the Company’s expansion into new communities, the Company often receives economic assistance from the local governmental unit in order to encourage economic expansion in the local government’s area. This assistance typically comes through the use of proceeds from the sale of economic development bonds and grants. The bond proceeds and grants are made available to fund the purchase of land (where not donated), construction of the retail facility and infrastructure improvements. The economic development bonds issued to fund the project, in certain cases, will be repaid by sales taxes generated by the Company’s facilities, while in other cases the economic development bonds are repaid through property taxes generated within a designated tax area. The government grants have been recorded as deferred grant income and have been classified as a reduction to the cost basis of the applicable property and equipment. The deferred grant income is amortized to earnings, as a reduction of depreciation expense over the average useful life of the project.
In order to facilitate the transaction, the Company generally agrees to purchase these economic development bonds, and in one case, has agreed to guarantee any deficiency. In the one case the Company has agreed to guarantee the deficiency of an economic development bond, the term of the bond and the guarantee is through October, 2014. Each period the Company estimates the remaining amount of the governmental grant to be received associated with the project. If it is determined that Company will not receive the full amount remaining, the Company will adjust the deferred grant income to appropriately reflect the change in estimate and the Company will immediately record a cumulative additional depreciation charge that would have been recognized to date as expense, in the absence of the grant.
Additionally, in connection with these arrangements, local governments at times donate land to the Company. Land grants typically include the land where the retail store is constructed as well as other land which is divided into parcels for future sale and development. The Company records the fair value of the land granted with a corresponding credit to deferred grant income that is classified as a reduction to the basis of the land. The deferred grant income is recognized as grant income over the life of the related assets constructed upon it. As parcels of land are sold any appreciation or decline in the value of the land is recognized at the time of sale. Land received by the Company under government economic assistance totaled $14,384, $1,201 and $6,400 for the fiscal years ended 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
In certain cases, the Company has agreed to guarantee any deficiency in tax proceeds that are used for debt service of the economic development bonds. In those situations in which the Company guarantees the economic development bonds, the Company records the obligation as debt on its balance sheet in accordance with EITF 91-10, Accounting for Special Assessments and Tax Increment Financing Entities. Such amounts are recorded in long-term debt (See Note 8). As of the fiscal years ended 2004 and 2003, the Company has guaranteed total outstanding economic development bonds of $4,430 and $4,635, respectively. As of January 1, 2005, it does not appear that any payments which might be required by the Company under these guarantees, would have a material impact on the Company’s financial position.
As a condition of the receipt of certain grants, the Company is required to comply with certain covenants. The most restrictive of these covenants are to maintain certain employment levels, maintain retail stores in certain locations or to maintain office facilities in certain locations. For these types of grants, the Company records the grants as a component of deferred grant income, and recognizes them as
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
the milestones associated with the grant are met. As of the fiscal years ended 2004 and 2003, the Company was in compliance with all material requirements.
Credit Card Reward Program - Every Cabela’s Club VISA cardholder receives Cabela’s points based on the dollar amount transacted on WFB’s credit card. Cabela’s points can be redeemed at any Cabela’s store or through a Cabela’s catalog or internet purchase. Classic or Gold cards are issued. Classic Cardholders receive 1% in points for every dollar spent and 2% in points for purchases at Cabela’s. Gold Cardholders receive 1% in points for every dollar spent and 3% in points for purchases at Cabela’s. There is no limit or expiration on points that can be earned by a cardholder. Points are accrued and expensed as the cardholder earns them. The expense is shown as a reduction of financial services revenue. The amount of unredeemed credit card points was $38,552 and $30,946 as of the fiscal years ended 2004 and 2003, respectively. In addition to credit card points, vouchers and gift certificates are issued to card members at Club events and to new members when they apply for the card membership. These vouchers and gift certificates are used to purchase Cabela’s merchandise. All of these items are part of the customer rewards program. The amount of credit card rewards expensed as an offset to financial services revenue was $52,939, $39,876 and $31,129 in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Income Taxes - The Company files consolidated federal and state income tax returns with its wholly owned subsidiaries. The consolidated group follows a policy of requiring each entity to provide for income taxes in an amount equal to the income taxes that would have been incurred if each were filing separately. The Company’s tax year-end is the Saturday closest to September 30.
Deferred income taxes are computed using the liability method under which deferred income taxes are provided on the temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reported amounts.
Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Stock-Based Compensation - The Company follows Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees and related interpretations. The Company has adopted the disclosure-only provisions of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, as amended by SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation - Transition and Disclosure. Under SFAS No. 123, the fair value of stock option awards to employees is calculated through the use of option pricing models, even though such models were developed to estimate the fair value of freely tradable, fully transferable options without vesting restrictions, which differ from the Company’s stock option awards. These models also require subjective assumptions, including future stock price volatility and expected time to exercise, which affect the calculated values. The Company’s calculations are based on a single option valuation approach and forfeitures are recognized as they occur. Stock-based compensation costs are reflected in net income where the options granted under those plans had an exercise price that is less than the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant.
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the options granted is amortized to expense over the options’ vesting period. The Company’s pro forma net income for 2004, 2003 and 2002 were as follows:
The fair value of options granted subsequent to the filing of the initial public offering were estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions. The expected stock price volatility was 50%; the risk free interest at grant date was 3.57% and the expected term was 4.5 years. Prior to the May 1, 2004 option grant, the Company used a binomial model and did not include a volatility factor.
Financial Instruments and Credit Risk Concentrations - Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, are primarily cash, investments and accounts receivable. The Company places its investments primarily in tax-free municipal bonds or commercial paper with short-term maturities, and limits the amount of credit exposure to any one entity. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable are limited due to the nature of the Company’s receivables.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments - The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, credit card loans held for sale, retained interests in asset securitizations, accounts payable, notes payable to banks and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. The fair values of each of the Company’s long-term debt instruments are based on the amount of future cash flows associated with each instrument discounted using the Company’s current borrowing rate for similar debt instruments of comparable maturity. The fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time and the underlying assumptions are subject to change based on market conditions. At fiscal year ended 2004 and 2003, the carrying amount of the Company’s long-term debt was $148,152 and $142,651, respectively, with an estimated fair value of approximately $150,910 and $149,597, respectively. For purposes of estimating fair value, time deposits are pooled in homogeneous groups and the future cash flows of those groups are discounted using current market rates offered for similar products. At fiscal year end 2004 and 2003, the carrying amounts of the Company’s time deposits were $100,659 and $81,664, respectively, with an estimated fair value of approximately $100,636 and $82,917, respectively.
Derivatives - The Company uses derivatives for the purpose of hedging exposure to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The fair value of each derivative is recognized in the balance sheet within current assets or current liabilities. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized immediately in the income statement for derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting. For derivatives designated as a hedge and used to hedge an anticipated transaction, changes in the fair value of the derivatives are deferred in the balance sheet within accumulated other comprehensive income
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
to the extent the hedge is effective in mitigating the exposure to the related anticipated transaction. Any ineffectiveness associated with the hedge is recognized immediately in the income statement. Amounts deferred within accumulated other comprehensive income are recognized in the income statement in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.
Comprehensive Income - Comprehensive income consists of net income, derivative adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, net of related income taxes.
Earnings Per Share - Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted average number of shares outstanding plus all additional common shares that would have been outstanding if potentially dilutive common share equivalents had been issued.
Reclassifications - Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year financial statements and the notes to conform to the current year presentation.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information - The following table sets forth non-cash financing and investing activities and other cash flow information.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - At the March 17-18, 2004 EITF meeting the Task Force reached a consensus on Issue No. 03-1. The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments. Issue 03-1 provides guidance for determining when an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired that is incremental to the consideration in this Issue- specifically, whether an investor has the ability and intent to hold an investment until recovery. In addition, Issue 03-1 contains disclosure requirements that provide useful information about impairments that have not been recognized as other than temporary for investments within the scope of this Issue. The guidance for evaluating whether an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired should be applied in other-than-temporary impairment evaluations made in reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2004. The disclosures are effective in annual financial statements for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2003, for investments accounted for under SFAS No. 115 Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities and SFAS No. 124 Accounting for Certain Investment Held by Not-for-Profit Organizations. For other investments within the scope of this Issue, the disclosures are effective in annual financial statements for fiscal years ending after June 15, 2004. The additional disclosure for cost method investments are effective for fiscal years ending after June 15, 2004. Comparative information for periods prior to initial application is not required. The adoption of this Issue did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In September 2004, the FASB issued Staff Position 03-1-1 which deferred the effective date for the measurement and recognition guidance contained in EITF paragraphs 10-20 of Issue 03-1. This delay does not suspend the requirement to
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
recognize other-than-temporary impairments as required by existing authoritative literature. The delay of the effective date for paragraphs 10-20 of Issue 03-1 will be superseded concurrent with the final issuance of FSB EITF Issue 03-1a.
On December 16, 2004, the FASB issued Statement No. 153 Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets, an amendment of APB Opinion No. 29. This statement was a result of an effort by the FASB and the IASB to improve financial reporting by eliminating certain narrow differences between their existing accounting standards. One such difference was the exception from fair value measurement in APB Opinion No. 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions, for nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets. Statement 153 replaces this exception with a general exception from fair value measurement for exchanges of nonmonetary assets that do not have commercial substance. A nonmonetary exchange has commercial substance if the future cash flows of the entity are expected to change significantly as a result of the exchange. This statement shall be applied prospectively and is effective for nonmonetary asset exchanges occurring in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. Earlier application is permitted for nonmonetary asset exchanges occurring in fiscal periods beginning after the date of issuance of this Statement. The adoption of FASB No. 153 will not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
On December 16, 2004, the FASB issued Statement No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment. Statement 123(R) requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of the share-based payments (e.g., stock options and restricted stock) granted to employees or by incurring liabilities to an employee or other supplier (a) in amounts based, at least in part, on the price of the entity’s shares or other equity instruments or (b) that require or may require settlement by issuing the entity’s equity shares or other equity instruments. This Statement is a revision of FASB Statement No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. This Statement supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and its related implementation guidance. This Statement is effective for public entities that do not file as small business issuers as of the beginning of the first interim or annual reporting period that begins after June 15, 2005. The Company will adopt this statement at its effective date in the third fiscal quarter of 2005. The Company expects to record pre-tax compensation expense of approximately $2.0 to $3.0 million during the second half of 2005 after this statement is adopted.
2.
SALE OF CREDIT CARD LOANS
WFB has established a trust for the purpose of routinely selling and securitizing credit card loans. WFB maintains responsibility for servicing the securitized receivables and receives 1.25% (annualized) of the average outstanding receivables in the trust. Additionally, WFB earns 0.75%, but only to the extent that the trust generates sufficient interchange income to make that portion of the payment. Servicing fees are paid monthly. The trust issues commercial paper, long term bonds or long term notes. Variable bonds and notes are priced on a floating rate basis with a spread over a benchmark rate. The fixed rate notes are priced on a five-year swap rate plus a spread. WFB retains rights to future cash flows arising after investors have received the return for which they are entitled and after certain administrative costs of operating the trust. These retained interests are known as interest-only strips and are subordinate to investor’s interests. The value of the interest-only strips is subject to credit, payment rate and interest rate risks on the loans sold. The investors have no recourse to WFB’s assets for failure of debtors to pay. However, as contractually required, WFB establishes certain cash accounts, known as cash reserve accounts, to be used as collateral for the benefit of investors.
WFB owned $2,562 and $3,550 of the Series 2003-2 Class B certificates at fiscal year end 2004 and 2003, respectively.
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
Retained Interests:
Retained interests in securitized receivables consist of the following at fiscal years ended 2004 and 2003:
Credit card loans held for sale and credit card loans receivable consist of the following at fiscal years ended 2004 and 2003:
Key economic assumptions used throughout 2004 and 2003 to estimate the fair value of the interest only strips resulting from the securitization of credit card loans were as follows:
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
Key Assumptions:
Sensitivity Analysis:
At fiscal year ended 2004, key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of the current fair value of retained interests of $28,723 to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in those assumptions are as follows:
The sensitivity analysis is hypothetical and is as of a specific point in time. As a result, these scenarios should be used with caution. As the table indicates, changes in fair value based on 10 percent variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair values of interest-only strips are calculated without changing any other assumption; in reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities.
Cash Flows from Securitizations:
Cash flows received from the securitization trust during 2004, 2003 and 2002 were as follows:
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
Other cash flows represent the total cash flows received on retained interest by the transferor other than servicing fees.
Certain restrictions exist related to securitization transactions that protect certificate holders against declining performance of the credit card loans. In the event performance declines outside stated parameters and waivers are not granted by certificate holders, note holders and/or credit enhancement providers, a rapid amortization of the certificates could potentially occur. At fiscal years ended 2004, 2003 and 2002, the credit card loans were performing within established guidelines.
3.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment include the following at each fiscal year end:
4.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets consist of the following at each fiscal year end:
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
Aggregate amortization expense was $1,458, $1,206 and $2,350 for the fiscal years ended 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for the fiscals years shown is as follows:
5.
MARKETABLE SECURITIES
Marketable securities consist of the following at each respective year-end:
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
The amortized cost and fair value of economic development bonds by contractual maturity at fiscal 2004 is as follows:
Realized gains of $264, $587 and $588 and in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, are included in other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
6.
TIME DEPOSITS
WFB accepts time deposits only in amounts of at least one hundred thousand dollars. All time deposits are interest bearing. The aggregate amount of time deposits by maturity as of fiscal year ended 2004 are as follows:
7.
REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITIES
On May 6, 2004 the Company renewed and amended its unsecured revolving loan agreement with several banks for $230,000. This revolving facility, which expires on June 30, 2007, provides for a London Interbank Offered Rates (“LIBOR”) based rate of interest plus a spread, which adjusts based upon certain financial ratios achieved by the Company and ranges from .80% to 1.425%. During the term of the facility, the Company was also required to pay a facility fee, which ranges from .125% to .25%. The principal amount was undrawn as of the end of 2004 and 2003. The average borrowing of principal amounts outstanding was: $1,667, $2,440 and $36,933 for 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
The loan agreement permits the issuance of up to $100 million in letters of credit and standby letters of credit, the notional amount of which are applied against the overall credit limit available under the revolver. At January 1, 2005 and January 3, 2004, the Company had outstanding commercial letters of credit aggregating approximately $31,088 and $26,145, respectively, for the purchase of merchandise. In addition, at January 1, 2005 the Company had outstanding standby letters of credit of $6,525. These
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
related to the Company’s self-funded property insurance and worker’s compensation and to various construction projects.
The agreement contains several provisions, which, among other things, require the maintenance of certain financial ratios and net worth, and limit the payment of dividends. The significant financial ratios and net worth requirements in the loan agreement are as follows:
•
A current consolidated assets to current consolidated liabilities ratio of no less than 1.15 to 1.00 as of the last day of any fiscal year;
•
A fixed charge coverage ratio (the ratio of the sum of consolidated EBITDA plus certain rental expenses to the sum of consolidated cash interest expense plus certain rental expenses) of no less than 2.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of the any fiscal quarter; and
•
A minimum tangible net worth of $300 million plus 50% of cumulative consolidated net income beginning in 2004. Tangible net worth is our equity less intangible assets.
In addition, the note contains cross default provisions to other outstanding debt. In the event the Company fails to comply with these covenants and the failure to comply goes beyond 30 days, a default is triggered. In the event of default, the obligations shall automatically become immediately due and payable. All outstanding letters of credit and all principal and outstanding interest would immediately become due and payable.
The Company was in compliance with all covenants as of each fiscal year end presented.
On October 7, 2004, WFB entered into an unsecured Federal Funds Sales Agreement with a financial institution. All Federal Funds transactions will be on a daily origination and return basis. Daily interest charges are determined based on mutual agreement by the parties. The maximum amount of funds which can be borrowed is $25,000 of which no amounts were borrowed during fiscal year 2004. On October 8, 2004, WFB entered into an unsecured Federal Funds Line of Credit agreement with a financial institution. The maximum amount of funds which can be borrowed is $40,000 of which no amounts were outstanding at fiscal year end 2004. The interest rate for the line of credit is based on the current Federal funds rate.
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
8.
LONG-TERM DEBT AND CAPITAL LEASES
Principal amounts of long-term debt and net carrying amount of capital leases consists of the following at each fiscal year end:
Certain of the long-term debt agreements contain various covenants and restrictions such as the maintenance of minimum debt coverage, net worth and financial ratios. The significant financial ratios and net worth requirements in the long-term debt agreements are as follows:
•
A limitation of funded debt to be less than 60% of consolidated total capitalization.
•
Cash flow fixed charge coverage ratio (the ratio of the sum of consolidated EBITDA plus certain rental expenses to the sum of consolidated cash interest expense plus certain rental expenses) of no less than 2.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of the any fiscal quarter; and
•
A minimum consolidated adjusted net worth of $150 million plus 25% of cumulative consolidated net income beginning in 2002. Adjusted net worth is consolidated equity less equity in WFB, plus the LIFO reserve and deferred income taxes.
In addition, the debt contains cross default provisions to other outstanding credit facilities. In the event the Company fails to comply with these covenants and the failure to comply goes beyond 30 days, the Company will trigger a default. In the event of default, the obligations shall automatically become immediately due and payable. All principal and outstanding interest would immediately become due and payable.
The Company was in compliance with all covenants at each fiscal year end presented.
The Company entered into a lease agreement for a distribution facility in Wheeling, West Virginia. The lease term is 30 years, with monthly installments of $42 and contains a bargain purchase option at the end of the lease term. The Company is accounting for this lease as a capital lease and has recorded the leased asset at its present value of the future minimum lease payments using a 4% implicit rate. The leased asset was recorded at $8,728 and is being amortized on a straight-line basis over 30 years.
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
Aggregate expected maturities of long-term debt and scheduled capital lease payments in the future are as follows:
9.
OTHER INCOME
Other income (expense) consists of:
Interest income from economic development bonds consists of income earned on bonds associated with various economic development agreements entered into by the Company.
10.
INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes consists of the following for each respective year-end:
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rate is a follows:
Deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following at each respective year-end:
Included on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets under the following captions:
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
11.
DERIVATIVES
The Company is exposed to market risks including changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates. The Company may enter into various derivative transactions pursuant to established Company policies to manage volatility associated with these exposures.
Foreign Currency Management - The Company may enter into forward exchange or option contracts for transactions denominated in a currency other than the applicable functional currency in order to reduce exposures related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. This primarily relates to hedging against anticipated inventory purchases.
Hedges of anticipated inventory purchases are designated as cash flow hedges. The gains and losses associated with these hedges are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the anticipated transaction is consummated and are recognized in the income statement in the same period during which the hedged transactions affect earnings. Gains and losses on foreign currency derivatives for which the Company has not elected hedge accounting are recorded immediately in earnings.
For the fiscal years ended 2004 and 2003, there was no ineffectiveness associated with the Company’s foreign currency derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. There were no discontinued foreign currency derivative cash flow hedges during the fiscal years ended 2004 and 2003.
Generally, the Company hedges a portion of its anticipated inventory purchases for periods up to 12 months. As of fiscal year ended 2004, the Company has hedged certain portions of its anticipated inventory purchases through January of 2005, while other portions are hedged through the majority of 2005.
The fair value of foreign currency derivatives assets or liabilities is recognized within either other current assets or liabilities. As of fiscal years ended 2004 and 2003, the fair value of foreign currency derivative assets was $235 and $553, respectively and, the fair value of foreign currency derivative liabilities was $0 and $0, respectively.
As of fiscal years ended 2004 and 2003, the net deferred gain recognized in other comprehensive income/(loss) was $(205) and $238, net of tax, respectively. The Company anticipates a gain of $151, net of tax, will be transferred out of accumulated other comprehensive income and recognized within earnings over the next 12 months. Gains of $296, $430 and $172, net of tax, were transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income into income from operations in fiscal years 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Interest Rate Management - On February 4, 2003, in connection with the Series 2003-1 securitization the securitization trust entered into a $300 million notional swap agreement in order to manage interest rate exposure. The exposure is related to changes in cash flows from funding credit card loans which include a high percentage of accounts with floating rate obligations that do not incur monthly finance charges. The swap converts the interest rate on the investor bonds from a floating rate basis with a spread over a benchmark note to a fixed rate of 3.699%. Since the trust is not consolidated, the fair value of the swap is not reflected on the financial statements. The Company entered into a swap with similar terms with the counter-party whereby the notional amount is zero unless the notional amount of trust’s swap falls below $300 million. The Company has not elected to designate this derivative as a hedge and, therefore, the derivative is marked to market through the statement of income. Market is currently determined to be zero. WFB pays the Company a fee for the credit enhancement provided by this swap, which was $610 and $552 in 2004 and 2003, respectively.
CABELA’S INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
12.
| 46,627 |
https://github.com/MvcCore-PHP/mvccore/blob/master/src/MvcCore/View/GettersSetters.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause
| 2,021 |
mvccore
|
MvcCore-PHP
|
PHP
|
Code
| 329 | 919 |
<?php
/**
* MvcCore
*
* This source file is subject to the BSD 3 License
* For the full copyright and license information, please view
* the LICENSE.md file that are distributed with this source code.
*
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2016 Tom Flidr (https://github.com/mvccore)
* @license https://mvccore.github.io/docs/mvccore/5.0.0/LICENSE.md
*/
namespace MvcCore\View;
/**
* @mixin \MvcCore\View
*/
trait GettersSetters {
/**
* @inheritDocs
* @return \MvcCore\View
*/
public static function CreateInstance () {
/** @var \MvcCore\View $result */
$result = new static();
return $result;
}
/**
* @inheritDocs
* @return string
*/
public static function GetExtension () {
return static::$extension;
}
/**
* @inheritDocs
* @param string $extension An extension with or without leading dot char.
* @return string
*/
public static function SetExtension ($extension = '.phtml') {
return static::$extension = $extension;
}
/**
* @inheritDocs
* @return string
*/
public static function GetDoctype () {
return static::$doctype;
}
/**
* @inheritDocs
* @param string $doctype
* @return string
*/
public static function SetDoctype ($doctype = \MvcCore\IView::DOCTYPE_HTML5) {
return static::$doctype = $doctype;
}
/**
* @inheritDocs
* @return string
*/
public static function GetLayoutsDir () {
return static::$layoutsDir;
}
/**
* @inheritDocs
* @param string $layoutsDir
* @return string
*/
public static function SetLayoutsDir ($layoutsDir = 'Layouts') {
return static::$layoutsDir = $layoutsDir;
}
/**
* @inheritDocs
* @return string
*/
public static function GetScriptsDir () {
return static::$scriptsDir;
}
/**
* @inheritDocs
* @param string $scriptsDir
* @return string
*/
public static function SetScriptsDir ($scriptsDir = 'Scripts') {
return static::$scriptsDir = $scriptsDir;
}
/**
* @inheritDocs
* @param \MvcCore\Controller $controller
* @return \MvcCore\View
*/
public function SetController (\MvcCore\IController $controller) {
$this->controller = $controller;
return $this;
}
/**
* @inheritDocs
* @return \MvcCore\Controller
*/
public function GetController () {
return $this->controller;
}
/**
* @inheritDocs
* @param string $controller
* @return \MvcCore\View
*/
public function SetEncoding ($encoding) {
$this->__protected['encoding'] = strtoupper($encoding);
return $this;
}
/**
* @inheritDocs
* @return string
*/
public function GetEncoding () {
return $this->__protected['encoding'];
}
}
| 17,393 |
https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80%20%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6%20%28%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AC%20%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Փիթեր Ջեքսոն (այլ կիրառումներ)
|
https://hy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Փիթեր Ջեքսոն (այլ կիրառումներ)&action=history
|
Armenian
|
Spoken
| 21 | 117 |
Փիթեր Ջեքսոն կարող է վերաբերվել.
Փիթեր Ջեքսոն (ծնվ. 1948), բրիտանացի պատմաբան։
Փիթեր Ջեքսոն (ծնվ. 1961), նորզելանդացի կինոռեժիսոր, սցենարիստ, դերասան և պրոդյուսեր։
| 1,411 |
8700248_1
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
| 4,470 | 6,313 |
ORDER ON MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
RICARDO S. MARTINEZ, District Judge.
Plaintiff Martin Monetti, Jr., appearing through counsel, filed this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981 and 1983, naming two individual police officers, Shandy Cobane and Mary Woollum, and the City of Seattle. The complaint also asserts state law claims of assault and battery, outrage, negligent infliction of emotional distress, and negligence. The matter is before the Court for consideration of defendants’ motion for summary judgment. Dkt. # 24. Oral argument was heard on June 13, 2012. For the reasons set forth below, the Court shall grant the motion in part and deny in part.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
This action arises from an investigatory stop of the plaintiff and two other men suspected of an armed robbery. The following facts are not in dispute and are supported by the record. Just after 1 a.m. on the morning of April 17, 2010, Seattle Police Department’s 911 Dispatch received a call reporting an armed robbery in the parking lot of the China Harbor Nightclub. The caller, Walter Flores-Cruz, reported that he had been robbed by four or five Latino men who were armed with a handgun and a large knife that he described as a “machete.” At almost the same time another call came in to 911 from a second individual, Eliezer Duran-Acosta, reporting that he and his girlfriend had been assaulted in the parking lot of the China Harbor by several Latino males. Duran indicated that one of the assailants was armed with a handgun while another had brandished a large machete.
A total of sixteen officers responded to the parking lot of China Harbor in re*1226sponse to the 911 call, including the defendants, Det. Cobane and Ofc. Woollum. K9 Ofc. Hairstrom also responded to the scene and immediately began searching the parking lot for suspects matching descriptions given by the victims. Upon seeing three Latino-appearing males, two of whom matched the description of the suspects, walking away from China Harbor some distance removed, Ofc. Hairstrom stopped the three men at gunpoint, ordered them to the ground, and immediately radioed his position to the other officers. He then handcuffed one of the suspects, Denis Garcia Garcia. All three men were lying face-down on the cement sidewalk in the prone position, with the plaintiff in the middle. Det. Cobane and Ofc. Woollum responded to Ofc. Hairstrom’s- call. Part of what follows was captured on videotape by a freelance videographer positioned across the street.
As a number of officers surround the suspects,' Ofc. Cobane crouched near the plaintiff and said, “Keep your fucking head on the ground. Don’t you start. You got me? I’ll beat the fucking Mexican piss out of you, homey. You feel me?” Declaration of Shandy Cobane, Dkt. # 26. When the plaintiff moved his right hand toward his face, Det.'Cobane used his right foot to step forcefully on the hand of the plaintiff and remained standing on his hand for about twenty seconds. After plaintiffs hand is trapped, Ofc. Woollum walks over to the plaintiff and forcefully steps on his right calf. At no time while lying prone on the ground were the suspects searched for the weapons in question. The officers never attempted to handcuff the plaintiff despite numerous officers surrounding him throughout the incident. A few moments later the plaintiff was lifted from the sidewalk and ultimately released. Facts are in dispute about the nature and extent of the force caught on videotape, as well as force and comments alleged to have occurred before the recording began.
Plaintiff filed this complaint, asserting seven causes of actions: Count One for unreasonable use of force in violation of the Fourth Amendment and 42 U.S.C. § 1983, against the individual defendants; Count Two, intentional discrimination in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981 and 1983, against the individual defendants; Count Three, Liability of the City of Seattle for Policies, Practices and/or Customs in violation of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments and 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981 and 1983; Count Four, Assault and Battery, against the individual defendants; Count Five, Negligence, against the City of Seattle; Count Six, Outrage, against the individual defendants; Count Seven, Negligent Infliction of Emotional Harm, against the individual defendants. The Court has supplemental jurisdiction over the state law claims pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1367.
Plaintiff has' filed a motion to compel discovery (Dkt. # 19) and Defendants moved to bifurcate discovery and trial (Dkt. # 21). These two motions were struck from the Court’s calendar without prejudice to renewal (Dkt. #46), pending a ruling by the Court on the motion for summary judgment. Plaintiff and defendants also make a number of motions to strike in the plaintiffs response to the motion for summary judgment (Dkt. # 52) and the defendant’s reply (Dkt. # 55).
DISCUSSION
I. Legal Standard
Summary judgment is proper where “the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a). An issue is *1227“genuine” if “a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party” and a fact is material if it “might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). The evidence is viewed in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. Id. However, “summary judgment should be granted where the nonmoving party fails to offer evidence from which a reasonable jury could return a verdict in its favor.” Triton Energy Corp. v. Square D Co., 68 F.3d 1216, 1221 (9th Cir.1995). It should also be granted where there is a “complete failure of proof concerning an essential element of the non-moving party’s case.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986).
II. Qualified Immunity Analysis
Qualified immunity shields public officials from civil damages for the performance of their discretionary functions. The defense of qualified immunity is more than a “mere defense to liability”, but is actually a complete immunity from suit, and from all the risks, distractions and “inhibition[s] of discretionary action, and deterrence of able people from public service,” that go along with being a defendant in a civil lawsuit. Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526, 105 S.Ct. 2806, 86 L.Ed.2d 411 (1985). The purpose of this doctrine is to recognize that holding officials liable for reasonable mistakes might unnecessarily paralyze their ability to make difficult decisions in challenging situations, thus disrupting the effective performance of their public duties. Mueller v. Auker, 576 F.3d 979, 993 (9th Cir.2009).
Both individual officers here have asserted the defense of qualified immunity from plaintiffs § 1983 claims. In determining whether qualified immunity applies, the Court engages in a two-step process. First, the Court considers whether, taking the facts in the light most favorable to plaintiff, they show that the officer’s conduct violated a constitutional right. Saucier v. Katz, 533 U.S. 194, 201, 121 S.Ct. 2151, 150 L.Ed.2d 272 (2001). If the answer is no, then the inquiry ends there. However, if a violation could be demonstrated from a view of the evidence favorable to plaintiffs position, then the question for the Court is whether the right violated was so clearly established that a reasonable officer would understand that his conduct violated that right. Id. The Court has discretion to consider these two factors in reverse order, as appropriate. Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 236, 129 S.Ct. 808, 172 L.Ed.2d 565 (2009).
A. Excessive Force
Plaintiff contends that his Fourth Amendment right to be free from excessive use of force was violated. We first analyze the second prong of the Saucier test, whether or not the plaintiffs right to be free from excessive force was clearly established in April, 2010. Put another way, did the officers have “fair warning” that the force used on the plaintiff was excessive? Hope v. Pelzer, 536 U.S. 730, 740, 122 S.Ct. 2508, 153 L.Ed.2d 666 (2002). The Supreme Court has also made clear that “officials can still be on notice that their conduct violates established law even in novel factual circumstances.” Id. at 741, 122 S.Ct. 2508. If the inquiry shows that the officers had no such warning, the officers are entitled to qualified immunity. However, if it shows that the officers had notice, the Court must consider whether the plaintiffs rights were violated by the officers’ conduct.
It is beyond dispute that it was clearly established before April, 2010 that “force is only justified when there is a need for *1228force.” Blankenhorn v. City of Orange, 485 F.3d 463, 481 (9th Cir.2007) (citing Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 109 S.Ct. 1865, 104 L.Ed.2d 443 (1989)). The application of handcuffs in a rough manner was held to be excessive force in 1989. Hansen v. Black, 885 F.2d 642, 645 (9th Cir.1989). Further, in Palmer v. Sanderson, 9 F.3d 1433, 1436 (9th Cir.1993), the court found that application of handcuffs in a way that causes bruising and pain is an unreasonable use of force. While these cases are not factually identical, logical reasoning follows that restraining a suspect’s hand by stomping on it and pinning it to the cement sidewalk or stomping on his calf, could also be unreasonable. The plaintiff claims the stomp on his hand caused a scratch and left a scar that he bears to this day. Declaration of Martin Monetti, Dkt. # 50, ¶ 4. He further claims that the stomp on his leg, the forcing down of his head, a knee to the back, and kicks to the head all caused additional pain and injury. Id. at ¶ 5-7. Because we must assume at this point all facts presented by the non-moving party are true, a reasonable officer would have had fair warning that causing unnecessary pain to restrain a suspect’s hands and legs is excessive force.
We now turn to whether the officers violated the plaintiffs constitutional rights. Use of excessive force is analyzed under the Fourth Amendment’s objective reasonableness standard. Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 109 S.Ct. 1865, 104 L.Ed.2d 443 (1989). The inquiry is a fact specific balancing test and requires that the Court consider (1) the severity of the crime at issue, (2) whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others, and (3) whether he is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade police by flight. Id. at 396, 109 S.Ct. 1865. The most important of the Graham factors is the threat posed to the officers and bystanders. See Chew v. Gates, 27 F.3d 1432, 1441 (9th Cir.1994). Additional factors can be considered, including the availability of less intrusive methods than the force employed. See Bryan v. MacPherson, 630 F.3d 805 (9th Cir.2010). Reasonableness should be judged “from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with the 20/20 vision of hindsight.” Graham, 490 U.S. at 396, 109 S.Ct. 1865. Additionally, the reasonableness “must embody allowance for the fact that police officers are often forced to make split-second judgments — in circumstances that are tense, uncertain, and rapidly evolving — about the amount of force that is necessary in a particular situation.” Id. at 396-97,109 S.Ct. 1865.
Applying the Graham factors to this case requires factual determinations regarding the safety risk and the flight risk, which must be left to the jury. The defendants apply Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S. 372, 380-381, 127 S.Ct. 1769, 167 L.Ed.2d 686 (2007), stating that the videotape shows plainly that the version of facts posed by the plaintiff are untrue, and thus summary judgment is required. The defendants also argue that the plaintiff has created materially disputed facts only by contradicting himself on the record, and they have moved to strike such contradictions. The defendants arguments are without merit. First of all, Scott v. Harris is distinguishable because the video in this case did not capture the entire incident and is susceptible to differing interpretations. The Court finds that a reasonable jury could find that the video actually supports the plaintiffs theory that the threat to officer and bystander safety was actually quite low, and that the plaintiff was not a flight risk. Further, the Court disagrees with the defendant’s argument that the tactics of the police department are irrelevant to the excessive force claim. The *1229availability of alternatives to force is a factor to be considered, and offers insight into whether the officer’s conduct was reasonable in light of the totality of the circumstances. For these reasons, what the video actually shows must be left for the fact-finder to determine.
As for the defendant’s arguments that contradictions in the plaintiffs statements are being used to create a material issue of fact, the Court disagrees. It is true that a party cannot use a sham affidavit to contradict a prior statement to create a material issue for the purpose of overcoming summary judgment. Radobenko v. Automated Equipment Corp., 520 F.2d 540, 543-44 (9th Cir.1975). However, affidavits contradicting prior testimony that result from “an honest discrepancy, a mistake, or the result of newly discovered evidence” and not a “sham” are acceptable by the Court. Kennedy v. Allied Mut. Ins. Co., 952 F.2d 262, 267 (9th Cir.1991). The Ninth Circuit reversed a summary judgment motion based on a sham affidavit theory where the contradiction was not made in a prior sworn statement, but rather in unsworn letters. See Leslie v. Grupo ICA, 198 F.3d 1152, 1158 (9th Cir.1999). While the plaintiff has made some changes to his testimony, most of these changes are reasonable in light of the circumstances. The plaintiff was lying face-down, in a semi-lit parking lot, in an intoxicated state, while numerous officers circled around him. It is not unreasonable that the nature of the force used and the comments made, as well as the exact officer involved for each contact during the “20-30 minutes” these three men were prone on the concrete, was precisely retained by the plaintiff. See Hairston Dep., p. 72. Reasonable corrections to the record should be allowed and the plaintiffs credibility should be determined by the jury.
Defendant argues that the allegation by the plaintiff of an injury to his hand is inadmissible as it contradicts a prior admission. See Dkt. 56, Exh. 1. The Court recognizes that this issue is somewhat different than the issue above because the seemingly contradictory statement was made after the plaintiff had time to take note of his injuries. However, in order for the Court to exclude the allegation of injury to Mr. Monetti’s hand, it would first have to conclude that the allegation was a “sham”. Kennedy, 952 F.2d at 267. The Court is unable to so conclude. The plaintiff argues that the injury is actually on the plaintiffs wrist, which, if believed, explains the answer to the OPA’s question as to his hand. The Court cannot conclude the declaration of the plaintiff is a “sham” for the purpose of creating a disputed issue of fact, and leaves credibility determinations appropriately to the jury.
For the above reasons, the defendant’s motion for summary judgment on the excessive force claim is DENIED as to both individual defendants.
B. Equal Protection
With respect to plaintiffs claim of discrimination in violation of his right to equal protection, the Court first turns to the question of whether the plaintiffs constitutional right to be free from discrimination on the basis of race or national origin was violated by the defendants. In order to prove discrimination in violation of § 1983, a defendant must have acted with the intent to discriminate. Peters v. Lieuallen, 746 F.2d 1390, 1393 (9th Cir.1984). The burden shifting analysis requires the plaintiff first establish a prima facie case that the officer’s conduct was motivated by a discriminatory purpose. Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp., 429 U.S. 252, 271 n. 21, 97 S.Ct. 555, 50 *1230L.Ed.2d 450 (1977). The burden then shifts to the defendants to show that there was no discriminatory effect or that the officers acted no differently because of the discrimination. Id. The plaintiff must then show that the reasons given are merely pretext. Id.
At the summary judgment stage, § 1983 cases are “remarkably similar” to Title VII claims. Federal Deposit Ins. Corp. v. Henderson, 940 F.2d 465, 471-72 & n. 14 (1991). The Ninth Circuit has held that a single statement, such as “dumb Mexican”, is direct evidence of discriminatory animus and can create an inference of discriminatory intent. Cordova v. State Farm Ins. Companies, 124 F.3d 1145, 1149 (9th Cir.1997). See also Sischo-Nownejad v. Merced Community College Dist., 934 F.2d 1104, 1112 (9th Cir.1991) (“stereotyped remarks ... made ... at the same time that they were subjecting [plaintiff] to less favorable working conditions is sufficient to raise an inference of discriminatory intent”)..
The plaintiff has provided direct evidence of discrimination as to Det. Co-bane. Det. Cobane is not disputing that he directed the comment, “I’ll beat the fucking Mexican piss out of you, homey” at the plaintiff. The plaintiff also asserts that he heard an unidentified officer say “You fucking Mexicans are making my job harder.” Declaration of Martin Monetti, Dkt. # 50. While this has not been attributed to Det. Cobane directly because of the downward facing position of the plaintiff throughout the incident, in light of Det. Cobane’s other comments, it could reasonably be inferred to be the comment of Det. Cobane. While this would bolster the plaintiffs case, the first comment alone is enough to raise an inference of discriminatory intent. The plaintiff has carried his burden of showing evidence of a prima facie case as to Det. Cobane.
Det. Cobane attempts to rebut the evidence of discriminatory intent by claiming that the entire phrase was merely a control tactic. This is a disputed issue of material fact for the jury. Det. Cobane fails to offer clear evidence to shift the burden back to the plaintiff. While he claims that the entire comment can be explained as necessary force, he fails to show clear evidence as to why the term “Mexican” was necessary to help control the plaintiff. The jury must determine whether the comment made by the defendant was discriminatory abuse by a police officer or a control mechanism as claimed by the officer.
However, the plaintiff has failed to carry his burden to make out a prima facie case that Ofc. Woollum acted with discriminatory intent. The plaintiff argues that because Ofc. Woollum heard the comment of Det. Cobane, failed to show any disapproval, and moments later stomped on the plaintiffs right calf, this is evidence of discriminatory motive as to her actions. The plaintiff fails to cite authority for the proposition that a failure to chastise a fellow officer for derogatory remarks, or using physical force against a suspect after hearing a racially charged comment, is sufficient evidence to show discriminatory intent as to Ofc. Woollum. Therefore, plaintiffs equal protection claim against Ofc. Woollum fails and shall be dismissed.
The Court now turns to the question of whether the plaintiffs right to equal protection was clearly established in April, 2010. Even if the constitutional rights of the plaintiff were violated, unless the right is clearly established, the officer is entitled to qualified immunity. Saucier, 533 U.S. at 201, 121 S.Ct. 2151. “The constitutional right to be free from such invidious discrimination is so well established and so essential to the preservation *1231of our constitutional order that all public officials must be charged with knowledge of it.” Flores v. Pierce, 617 F.2d 1386, 1392 (9th Cir.1980). A case with materially similar facts is unnecessary to show a right is clearly established, and is “especially true in equal protection cases because the non-discrimination principle is so clear.” Elliot-Park v. Manglona, 592 F.3d 1003, 1008 (2010). The defendant alleges that he could not have known that adding the term “Mexican” into his “control mechanism” comment would be unlawful discrimination. However, the Court finds a reasonable officer should have known that inserting racially charged language into “control mechanisms” clearly violates the principles of equal protection.
For the above reasons, the defendant’s motion for summary judgment on the equal protection claim is DENIED as to Det. Cobane and GRANTED as to Ofc. Woollum.
III. State Law Claims
A. Assault and Battery
Assault is apprehension of imminent physical violence caused by a perpetrator’s actions or threats. Brower v. Ackerley, 88 Wash.App. 87, 92, 943 P.2d 1141 (1997). Battery is a harmful or offensive contact with a person which is the result of an act intended to cause a plaintiff or another person such a contact. McKinney v. City of Tukwila, 103 Wash.App. 391, 408, 13 P.3d 631 (2000). Washington provides qualified immunity for officers who (1) carry out a statutory duty, (2) according to procedures dictated to him by statute and superiors, and (3) acts reasonably. Luchtel v. Hagemann, 623 F.3d 975, 984 (9th Cir.2010) (citing Staats v. Brown, 139 Wash.2d 757, 778, 991 P.2d 615 (2000)). Plaintiff has raised disputed issues of material fact as to whether assault and battery occurred. He has also presented sufficient evidence to preclude summary judgment on the basis of qualified immunity. The videotape provides evidence of threats and harmful or offensive touching. Dkt. 27, Ex. C. The Plaintiff has also presented evidence that the defendants acted unreasonably. Summary judgment for assault and battery and qualified immunity is DENIED.
B. Outrage
The elements for the tort of outrage are “(1) extreme and outrageous conduct, (2) intentional or reckless infliction of emotional distress, and (3) actual result to the plaintiff of severe emotional distress.” Dicomes v. State, 113 Wash.2d 612, 630, 782 P.2d 1002 (1989) (quoting Rice v. Janovich, 109 Wash.2d 48, 61, 742 P.2d 1230 (1987); Restatement (Second) of Torts § 46 (1965)). Conduct must go “beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community.” Grimsby v. Samson, 85 Wash.2d 52, 59, 530 P.2d 291 (1975). The Court must determine whether or not reasonable minds could differ as to whether the conduct was sufficiently outrageous. Phillips v. Hardwick, 29 Wash.App. 382, 387, 628 P.2d 506 (1981).
Plaintiff fails to allege conduct that rises to the level of outrage. Reasonable jurors could not conclude that verbal insults and the physical force used here was so unconscionable as to rise to the level of outrage, nor is there evidence of severe emotional distress suffered by the plaintiff. See Strong v. Terrell, 147 Wash.App. 376, 386, 195 P.3d 977 (2008) (summary judgment was proper where plaintiff alleged only conduct of screaming and ridiculing insults and indignities, over a two-year period); Womack v. Von Rardon, 133 Wash.App. 254, 261, 135 P.3d 542 (2006) (record is insufficient to establish the req*1232uisite intent or the necessary severity in an outrage claim where teenagers stole a cat and set it on fire, causing its death and distress to its owner). The alleged conduct of Det. Cobane and Ofe. Woollum is not more outrageous than the cases cited above, nor did the plaintiff allege emotional distress beyond nightmares and general anxiety. The defendant’s motion for summary judgment as to the claim of outrage is GRANTED.
C. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress
In addition to the basic elements necessary to prove negligent infliction of emotional distress, the plaintiff must provide evidence of objective symptomatology. Hunsley v. Giard, 87 Wash.2d 424, 434-36, 553 P.2d 1096 (1976). To satisfy the symptomatology requirement, “a plaintiffs emotional distress must be susceptible to medical diagnosis and proved through medical science.” Hegel v. McMahon, 136 Wash.2d 122, 135, 960 P.2d 424 (1998). “Nightmares ... [and] fear may be sufficient. However ... they must constitute a diagnosable emotional disorder.” Id. While the plaintiff has alleged suffering from nightmares and general fear, he has failed to provide any evidence that this has caused a disorder supported by medical science. Summary judgment on plaintiffs claim of negligent infliction of emotional distress is GRANTED.
D. Negligence
The plaintiff complains that the city negligently breached its duty to use reasonable care in the training, supervising, and retraining of the defendants. This claim is directly connected to the Monell claim of municipal liability, which was withdrawn by defense counsel during oral argument. The city’s liability, including the negligence claim, is thus not at issue in this summary judgment motion.
IV. Motions to Strike
A. Plaintiffs Motion to Strike Evidence Asserting Plaintiff was Involved in Robbery
Defendant argues that this evidence is offered for “context”. However, what the officers discovered after the incident is irrelevant and is properly excluded under Federal Rule of Evidence 401. The Motion to strike is GRANTED.
B. Plaintiffs Motion to Strike Opinions in Report of Grant Fredericks
Defendant argues that the opinions of Grant Fredericks will aid the jury because of his extensive knowledge of the technology surrounding video imaging. However, the Court believes that the jury is capable of viewing the videotape and making a factual determination as to what it shows. Therefore, the opinions of Grant Fredericks are excluded for failure to satisfy Federal Rule of Evidence 702(a), which requires “the expert’s scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will help the trier of fact to understand the evidence or determine a fact at issue.” The motion to strike Grant Frederick’s report is GRANTED.
C. Defendant’s Motion to Strike Declaration of Johnny “Gil” Jurado and the Department of Justice Report
Defendant declined to argue the admissibility of the DOJ Report because they withdrew their summary judgment motion insofar as it concerns the Monell claim and the city’s liability. The Court agrees the issue is unnecessary to the motion currently before it and declines to rule on the admissibility of the DOJ report at this time. The Declaration of Johnny “Gil” *1233Jurado was offered regarding the Motion to Compel, which was stricken from the Court’s docket until resolution of the summary judgment motion. The Court defers ruling on this motion to strike.
D. Defendant’s Motion to Strike Various Exhibits
Defendant argues that the statements and opinions of Thomas Gahan, the statements by Frank Clark, the letter of Gregory McKnight, and Tag Gleason’s Proposed Disposition for the OPA-IS Case should all be stricken from the record because they are inadmissible hearsay. Because the Court did not rely on these statements, the Court does not rule on their admissibility at this time.
CONCLUSION
Defendants’ motion for summary judgment is DENIED as to plaintiffs claim of excessive force. Defendant’s motion for summary judgment is DENIED as to plaintiffs claim of unlawful discrimination regarding Det. Cobane and GRANTED as to Ofc. Woollum. Summary judgment for the state law claims of assault and battery is DENIED. Summary judgment is GRANTED as to the claims for outrage and negligent infliction of emotional distress.
| 39,460 |
https://github.com/almiao/dbblog/blob/master/dbblog-backend/dbblog-manage/src/main/java/cn/dblearn/blog/manage/book/service/impl/BookNoteServiceImpl.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,022 |
dbblog
|
almiao
|
Java
|
Code
| 270 | 1,522 |
package cn.dblearn.blog.manage.book.service.impl;
import cn.dblearn.blog.common.enums.ModuleEnum;
import cn.dblearn.blog.common.util.PageUtils;
import cn.dblearn.blog.common.util.Query;
import cn.dblearn.blog.entity.book.BookNote;
import cn.dblearn.blog.entity.book.dto.BookNoteDTO;
import cn.dblearn.blog.entity.book.vo.BookNoteVO;
import cn.dblearn.blog.mapper.book.BookNoteMapper;
import cn.dblearn.blog.manage.book.service.BookNoteService;
import cn.dblearn.blog.manage.book.service.BookService;
import cn.dblearn.blog.entity.operation.Category;
import cn.dblearn.blog.manage.operation.service.CategoryService;
import cn.dblearn.blog.manage.operation.service.TagService;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.plugins.pagination.Page;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;
/**
* bookNoteAdminServiceImpl
*
* @author bobbi
* @date 2018/11/21 12:48
* @email 571002217@qq.com
* @description
*/
@Service
public class BookNoteServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<BookNoteMapper, BookNote> implements BookNoteService {
@Autowired
private TagService tagService;
@Autowired
private CategoryService categoryService;
@Autowired
private BookService bookService;
/**
* 分页查询笔记列表
*
* @param params
* @return
*/
@Override
public PageUtils queryPage(Map<String, Object> params) {
Page<BookNoteVO> page = new Query<BookNoteVO>(params).getPage();
List<BookNoteVO> bookNoteList = baseMapper.listBookNoteVo(page, params);
// 查询所有分类
List<Category> categoryList = categoryService.list(new QueryWrapper<Category>().lambda().eq(Category::getType,ModuleEnum.BOOK.getValue()));
// 封装BookNoteVo
Optional.ofNullable(bookNoteList).ifPresent((bookNoteVos ->
bookNoteVos.forEach(bookNoteVo -> {
// 设置所属书本
bookNoteVo.setBook(bookService.getById(bookNoteVo.getBookId()));
// 设置类别
bookNoteVo.setCategoryListStr(categoryService.renderCategoryArr(bookNoteVo.getCategoryId(),categoryList));
// 设置标签列表
bookNoteVo.setTagList(tagService.listByLinkId(bookNoteVo.getId(),ModuleEnum.BOOK_NOTE.getValue()));
})));
page.setRecords(bookNoteList);
return new PageUtils(page);
}
/**
* 保存笔记笔记
*
* @param bookNote
*/
@Override
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public void saveBookNote(BookNoteDTO bookNote) {
baseMapper.insert(bookNote);
tagService.saveTagAndNew(bookNote.getTagList(),bookNote.getId(),ModuleEnum.BOOK_NOTE.getValue());
}
/**
* 更新笔记
*
* @param bookNote
*/
@Override
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public void updateBookNote(BookNoteDTO bookNote) {
// 删除多对多所属标签
tagService.deleteTagLink(bookNote.getId(),ModuleEnum.BOOK_NOTE.getValue());
// 更新所属标签
tagService.saveTagAndNew(bookNote.getTagList(),bookNote.getId(), ModuleEnum.BOOK_NOTE.getValue());
// 更新笔记
baseMapper.updateById(bookNote);
}
/**
* 获取笔记对象
*
* @param bookNoteId
* @return
*/
@Override
public BookNoteDTO getBookNote(Integer bookNoteId) {
BookNoteDTO bookNoteDto = new BookNoteDTO();
BookNote bookNote = this.baseMapper.selectById(bookNoteId);
BeanUtils.copyProperties(bookNote,bookNoteDto);
// 查询所属标签
bookNoteDto.setTagList(tagService.listByLinkId(bookNoteId,ModuleEnum.BOOK_NOTE.getValue()));
return bookNoteDto;
}
/**
* 判断该类别下是否有笔记
*
* @param categoryId
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean checkByCategory(Integer categoryId) {
return baseMapper.checkByCategory(categoryId) > 0;
}
/**
* 批量删除
*
* @param bookNoteIds
*/
@Override
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public void deleteBatch(Integer[] bookNoteIds) {
//先删除笔记标签多对多关联
Arrays.stream(bookNoteIds).forEach(bookNoteId -> {
tagService.deleteTagLink(bookNoteId,ModuleEnum.BOOK_NOTE.getValue());
});
this.baseMapper.deleteBatchIds(Arrays.asList(bookNoteIds));
}
}
| 19,733 |
US-33358081-A_1
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 1,981 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 2,412 | 3,150 |
Musical toy
ABSTRACT
A musical toy having audio-visual characteristics. A plurality of identical pneumatic systems, each for actuation of one of a plurality of vertically moveable ornaments, are positioned in the interior of a housing. Each of the pneumatic systems consists essentially of an air manifold in fluid communication with a bellows, a whistle and a vertical tube having a piston moveably positioned therein. Each of the bellows is operatively positioned in an access opening through the housing and the upper end of each of the vertical tubes extends out of an opening through the housing. Each of the pistons extends out of the upper end of its respective tube. One of the vertically moveable ornaments is affixed to the upper end of each of the pistons. When one of the bellows is compressed, air is simultaneously forced through the associated whistle to create a whistling sound and through the associated vertical tube to move the associated piston and vertically moveable ornament upward for their maximum distance of travel. When the bellows is released, the piston and ornament return to their at rest position. If the vertically moveable ornaments resemble the heads of birds, the simultaneous whistling sound and vertical movement creates an illusion of whistling birds.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a musical toy having audiovisualcharacteristics.
Musical toys for young children are well known in the art. Usually, suchtoys are essentially reduced size models of known musical instruments,such as pianos, clarinets, trumpets, drums and xylophones. Of course,the structures of such musical toys are substantially less complex thanthe structures of the corresponding musical instruments and aremanufactured from materials which are substantially less expensive thanthose used for manufacture of the corresponding musical instruments.
Unless a child is skilled in playing the toy as a musical instrument,the primary appeal of most known musical toys is limited to the initialstimulation of the child's basic sense of hearing and sound whichresults from the child's first attempts to play the toy as a musicalinstrument. Unfortunately, most young children do not have welldeveloped musical skills, and, therefore, are very limited in theirabilities to play musical toys as musical instruments. Accordingly, mostknown musical toys have only limited play value after their initialperiod of use.
It is well known that most young children are intrigued by visualexperiences. For this reason, a musical toy which creates a simultaneousvisual effect would have substantially greater play value for sustainedtime periods than is the case with most known musical toys. Such amusical toy would be particularly suitable for use by young children whodo not have well developed musical skills. And, of course, such amusical toy should be both inexpensive to manufacture and safe and easyfor use by young children.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a musical toy having audio-visualcharacteristics. When the preferred embodiment of the musical toy of thepresent invention is operated, the resulting audio-visual effect,namely, the illusion of whistling birds, is intriguing to many youngchildren. The musical toy of the present invention is both inexpensiveto manufacture and safe and easy for use by young children.
The exterior of the musical toy of the present invention comprises ahousing, a plurality of parallel bellows, and a plurality of parallel,vertically moveable ornaments. A plurality of identical pneumaticsystems, each for actuation of one of the vertically moveable ornaments,are positioned in the interior of the housing. Each of the bellows isoperatively positioned in an opening through a lower platform of thehousing with its open end fitted over the inlet port of the air manifoldof one of the pneumatic systems.
The air manifold of each of the pneumatic systems is essentiallyE-shaped with a first outlet port and a second outlet port in additionto its inlet port. Each of the air manifolds has a conventional whistlefitted over its first outlet port and an elongated tube fitted over itssecond outlet port. The various whistles have different musicalcharacteristics to provide a range of musical sounds for the musicaltoy. The upper end of each of the elongated tubes extends out of anopening through an upper platform of the housing.
An elongated piston is moveably positioned in each of the elongatedtubes by suitable centering means. Each of the pistons has a flexible,cup-shaped seal on its lower end. The upper end of each of the pistonsextends out of the upper end of its respective tube and has one of thevertically moveable ornaments attached thereon. A stop is provided atthe upper end of each of the tubes to limit the upward travel of therespective piston and vertically moveable ornament.
When one of the bellows is compressed, air in its associated airmanifold is simultaneously forced through the first outlet port into itsassociated whistle and through the second outlet port into itsassociated elongated tube. A whistling sound is created as the airpasses through the whistle and discharges to the atmosphere. The pistonin the elongated tube, and its associated vertically moveable ornament,move upward for their maximum distance of vertical travel. When thebellows is released, the piston and ornament return to their at restposition.
These and many other features and objects of the present invention willbe apparent from the following Brief Description of Drawings, DetailedDescription of the Preferred Embodiment, and Claims, and theaccompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the musical toy of thepresent invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view in partial cross section illustrating a typicalpneumatic system and associated elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The preferred embodiment of the musical toy of the present invention isillustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the musical toy which is illustrated isdesignated generally by the reference numeral 10. In essence, theexterior configuration of the musical toy 10 is defined by a rigidhousing 12, a plurality of parallel bellows 14, and a plurality ofparallel, vertically moveable ornaments 16. A plurality of identicalpneumatic systems, each for actuation of one of the vertically moveableornaments 16, are positioned in the interior of the housing 12. Each ofthe bellows 14 functions as a fluid pump for one of the pneumaticsystems.
Each of the ornaments 16 is preferably an essentially hollow, moldedplastic body having a geometrical shape or surface ornamentation, orboth, which gives it the appearance of an animal or human head. Whenornaments 16 having the appearance of animal or human heads are usedwith the musical toy 10, it is desirable to provide a plurality ofstationary ornamental elements 18, each of which resembles the upperportion of the body of the particular animal or human form selected forthe corresponding moveable ornament 16, to complement the appearance ofthe moveable ornaments 16. Vertically moveable ornaments 16 andstationary ornamental elements 18 which respectively resemble the headsand bodies of birds are believed to be particularly suitable for usewith the musical toy 10 because of its inherent musical characteristicsand features.
The housing 12 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 consists essentially ofthree components, namely, a front cover 20, a rear cover 22 and a bottomplate 24. The number and configuration of these components was selectedfor convenience in molding the housing 12 from suitable plasticmaterials in the conventional manner. If it is desirable to fabricatethe housing 12 from other suitable materials, the specific number andconfiguration of the individual components of the housing 12 can bevaried to accomodate the fabrication process which is selected. While itis not essential for operation of the musical toy 10, it is desirable toprovide a means for supporting small sheets of musical paper 26 on thehousing 12. An elongated, upwardly open U-shaped channel 27 on the faceof the front cover 20 has proved to be particularly suitable for thispurpose. It is also desirable that the rear cover 22 extend upward to aheight above the maximum height of the vertically moveable ornaments 16and terminate in a horizontal projection 23 over the ornaments 16 toshield the ornaments 16 from physical damage.
The interior configuration and operation of the musical toy 10 can beunderstood most easily by reference to the cross-sectional view in FIG.2 which illustrates one of a plurality of identical pneumatic systems,each for actuation of one of the vertically moveable ornaments 16. Abellows 14 is shown operatively positioned in a cylindrical opening 28through the lower platform 30 of the front cover 20. The open end 32 ofthe bellows 14 is fitted over the inlet port 34 of an essentiallyE-shaped air manifold 36 having a first outlet port 38 and a secondoutlet port 40 such that the bellows 14 and air manifold 36 are coupledfor fluid communication. The air manifold 36 illustrated in FIG. 2 ismolded from a suitable plastic material in the conventional manner andcemented to the interior surface 42 of the bottom cover 24 to form anair tight passageway. Of course, the air manifold 36 could be fabricatedby other suitable fabrication processes and from other suitablematerials.
The air manifold 36 has a conventional whistle 44 fitted over its firstoutlet port 38 such that the air manifold 36 and the whistle 44 arecoupled for fluid communication. The diameter of the first outlet port38 and the length, diameter and other structural characteristics of thewhistle 44 determine the pitch, tone and other musical characteristicsof the whistle 44 in the conventional manner. Each of the air manifolds36 is in fluid communication with a whistle 44 having musicalcharacteristics different from the other whistles 44. An open-ended,elongated tube 46 is fitted over the second outlet port 40 of the airmanifold 36 such that the air manifold 36 and the tube 46 are coupledfor fluid communication. The tube 46 extends upward in the interior ofthe housing 12 and terminates in the interior of the stationaryornamental element 18 at a point above the plane of the upper platform48 of the front cover 20. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the ornamentalelement 18 is fixedly positioned in a cylindrical opening through theupper platform 48 of the front cover 20.
A light weight, elongated piston 50 is moveably positioned in the centerof the tube 46 by suitable centering means, such as a lower flange 52and a centering ring 54 which rests on an upper flange 56. A cup-shapedseal 58 formed from a suitable flexible material, such as soft rubber,is attached to the lower end of the piston 50. The piston 50 extendsupward through the open end of the tube 46 and the interior of thestationary ornamental element 18 and terminates in the interior of thevertically moveable ornament 16 such that the ornament 16 is attachedthereon. While it is not essential for operation of the musical toy 10,it is desirable to provide a relatively small diameter, longitudinalbore 60 along the central axis of the piston 50. The lower end of thebore 60 is open to that portion of the interior of the tube locatedbelow the cup-shaped seal 58 by means of a relatively small, concentricopening through the wall of the seal 58 and the upper end of the bore 60is open to the outside atmosphere by means of a relatively small,concentric orifice 62 through the wall of the vertically moveableornament 16. Finally, a washer 64 or other suitable stop is provided atthe upper end of the tube 46 to engage the centering ring 54 when thepiston 50 moves upward in the tube 46, and, thereby, limit the upwardmovement of the vertically moveable ornament 16.
It should be apparent from the foregoing structural description that themusical toy 10 has exceedingly simple and reliable operatingcharacteristics. One merely selects a bellows 14 and presses it downwardin the manner illustrated in FIG. 1. As the bellows 14 is compressed,air in its associated air manifold 36 is simultaneously forced throughthe first outlet port 38 into the whistle 44 and through the secondoutlet port 40 into the tube 46. The air passing through the whistle 44creates a whistling sound in the conventional manner as it is dischargedto the atmosphere. Simultaneously, the mainstream of the air in the tube46 acts on the lower side of the cup-shaped seal 58 to move the piston50 and vertically moveable ornament 16 upward until the centering ring54 on the piston 50 engages the washer 64 at the upper end of the tube46. A secondary stream of air in the tube 46 travels upward through theopen bore 60 of the piston 50 and discharges to the atmosphere to dampthe starting motion of the piston 50 and correct off center motion ofthe piston 50 for smoother operation of the piston 50 and verticallymoveable ornament 16. When the bellows 14 is released, the piston 50 andvertically moveable ornament 16 move downward until the neck or lowerportion 66 of the ornament 16 engages the upper surface of the interiorflange 68 of the stationary ornamental element 18.
While the present invention has been disclosed in connection with itspreferred embodiment, it should be understood that there may be otherembodiments which fall within the scope and spirit of the invention asdefined by the claims.
We claim:
1. A musical toy, comprising:(a) a housing; (b) a plurality ofair manifolds positioned in the interior of said housing, each of saidair manifolds having an inlet port, a first outlet port and a secondoutlet port; (c) a plurality of bellows operatively positioned inopenings through said housing, each of said bellows having its open endin fluid communication with said inlet port of one of said airmanifolds; (d) a plurality of whistles positioned in the interior ofsaid housing, each of said whistles having one of its ends in fluidcommunication with said first outlet port of one of said air manifolds;(e) a plurality of tubes positioned essentially vertically in theinterior of said housing, each of said tubes having its lower end influid communication with said second outlet port of one of said airmanifolds and its upper end extending out of an opening through saidhousing; (f) a plurality of pistons moveably positioned in said tubes,each of said pistons having a flexible seal on its lower end, a lowerflange, an upper flange, a centering ring resting on said upper flangeand its upper end extending out of said upper end of one of said tubes;(g) means for limiting the distance of travel of said pistons; and (h) aplurality of moveable ornaments exterior to said housing, each of saidmoveable ornaments being connected to one of said pistons.
2. A musicaltoy as recited in claim 1, wherein said means for limiting the distanceof travel of said pistons comprises a stop at said upper end of each ofsaid tubes to engage said centering ring on said piston moveablypositioned therein.
3. A musical toy as recited in claim 2, wherein eachof said pistons has an open bore along its central axis..
| 666 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8306318
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Category:Books by Clive Barker
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 74 | 180 |
Category:Books by Clive Barker
Wikimedia category
Category:Books by Clive Barker instance of Wikimedia category
Category:Books by Clive Barker category combines topics Clive Barker
Category:Books by Clive Barker category combines topics book
Category:Books by Clive Barker category contains book
Kategori:Bøger af Clive Barker
Wikimedia-kategori
Kategori:Bøger af Clive Barker tilfælde af Wikimedia-kategori
Kategori:Bøger af Clive Barker kategorien kombinerer emnerne Clive Barker
Kategori:Bøger af Clive Barker kategorien kombinerer emnerne bog
Kategori:Bøger af Clive Barker kategori indeholder bog
| 13,916 |
https://github.com/It4innovations/rsds/blob/master/src/scheduler/task.rs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
rsds
|
It4innovations
|
Rust
|
Code
| 439 | 1,439 |
use crate::common::{HasCycle, Map, Set};
use crate::scheduler::protocol::{NewFinishedTaskInfo, TaskId, TaskInfo};
use crate::scheduler::worker::WorkerRef;
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum SchedulerTaskState {
Waiting,
AssignedFresh,
Assigned,
AssignedPinned,
Finished,
}
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Task {
pub id: TaskId,
pub state: SchedulerTaskState,
pub inputs: Vec<TaskRef>,
pub consumers: Vec<TaskRef>,
pub computed_metric: i32,
pub unfinished_deps: u32,
pub assigned_worker: Option<WorkerRef>,
pub placement: Set<WorkerRef>,
pub future_placement: Map<WorkerRef, u32>,
pub size: u64,
pub take_flag: bool, // Used in algorithms, no meaning between calls
}
pub type OwningTaskRef = crate::common::CycleOwner<Task>;
pub type TaskRef = crate::common::WrappedRcRefCell<Task>;
impl Task {
#[inline]
pub fn is_waiting(&self) -> bool {
match self.state {
SchedulerTaskState::Waiting => true,
_ => false,
}
}
#[inline]
pub fn is_finished(&self) -> bool {
match self.state {
SchedulerTaskState::Finished => true,
_ => false,
}
}
#[inline]
pub fn is_pinned(&self) -> bool {
match self.state {
SchedulerTaskState::AssignedPinned => true,
_ => false,
}
}
#[inline]
pub fn is_fresh(&self) -> bool {
match self.state {
SchedulerTaskState::AssignedFresh => true,
_ => false,
}
}
#[inline]
pub fn is_assigned(&self) -> bool {
match self.state {
SchedulerTaskState::AssignedFresh
| SchedulerTaskState::Assigned
| SchedulerTaskState::AssignedPinned => true,
_ => false,
}
}
#[inline]
pub fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
self.unfinished_deps == 0
}
pub fn remove_future_placement(&mut self, worker_ref: &WorkerRef) {
let count = self.future_placement.get_mut(worker_ref).unwrap();
if *count <= 1 {
assert_ne!(*count, 0);
self.future_placement.remove(worker_ref);
} else {
*count -= 1;
}
}
#[inline]
pub fn set_future_placement(&mut self, worker_ref: WorkerRef) {
(*self.future_placement.entry(worker_ref).or_insert(0)) += 1;
}
pub fn sanity_check(&self, task_ref: &TaskRef) {
let mut unfinished = 0;
for inp in &self.inputs {
let ti = inp.get();
if !ti.is_finished() {
unfinished += 1;
}
assert!(ti.consumers.contains(task_ref));
}
assert_eq!(unfinished, self.unfinished_deps);
match self.state {
SchedulerTaskState::Waiting => {
for c in &self.consumers {
assert!(c.get().is_waiting());
}
}
SchedulerTaskState::Finished => {
for inp in &self.inputs {
assert!(inp.get().is_finished());
}
}
_ => { /* TODO */ }
};
}
}
impl HasCycle for Task {
#[inline]
fn clear_cycle(&mut self) {
// consumers are not cleared, it's enough to break one direction of the cycle
self.inputs.clear();
self.assigned_worker = None;
self.placement.clear();
self.future_placement.clear();
}
}
impl OwningTaskRef {
pub fn new(ti: TaskInfo, inputs: Vec<TaskRef>) -> Self {
let mut unfinished_deps = 0;
for inp in &inputs {
let t = inp.get();
if !t.is_finished() {
unfinished_deps += 1;
}
}
let task_ref = Self::wrap(Task {
id: ti.id,
inputs,
state: SchedulerTaskState::Waiting,
computed_metric: 0,
unfinished_deps,
size: 0u64,
consumers: Default::default(),
assigned_worker: None,
placement: Default::default(),
future_placement: Default::default(),
take_flag: false,
});
{
let task = task_ref.get();
for inp in &task.inputs {
let mut t = inp.get_mut();
t.consumers.push(task_ref.clone());
}
}
task_ref
}
pub fn new_finished(ti: NewFinishedTaskInfo, placement: Set<WorkerRef>) -> Self {
Self::wrap(Task {
id: ti.id,
inputs: Default::default(),
state: SchedulerTaskState::Finished,
computed_metric: 0,
unfinished_deps: Default::default(),
size: ti.size,
consumers: Default::default(),
assigned_worker: None,
placement,
future_placement: Default::default(),
take_flag: false,
})
}
}
| 446 |
https://github.com/ShinyTeeth/One-Vote/blob/master/src/onevote/Repositories/CandidateRepository.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
One-Vote
|
ShinyTeeth
|
C#
|
Code
| 25 | 75 |
using System.Collections.Generic;
using onevote.Models;
namespace onevote.Repositories
{
public class CandidateRepository : ICandidateRepository
{
public Candidate GetByID(int id)
{
return new Candidate("Alex", "Z.");
}
}
}
| 44,711 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69104316
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,021 |
Stack Exchange
|
Clemens, carols, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1136211, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2991714
|
English
|
Spoken
| 604 | 1,768 |
WPF ItemsControl can't bind Command
I'm a newbie in wpf and i know that this question has been asked other times, and i tried to implement some solutions that i found. But it's not working. I'm doing something wrong but i can't see what it is.
I've created a new simple application to test this problem.
namespace WpfApp3
{
public class MyElement
{
public string Text { get; set; }
public MyElement(string t)
{
Text = t;
}
}
public class MyCommand : ICommand
{
public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
{
return true;
}
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;
public void Execute(object parameter)
{
_handler(parameter);
}
private Action<object> _handler;
public MyCommand(Action<object> handler) { _handler = handler; }
}
public class MyItemsControlViewModel
{
ObservableCollection<MyElement> _items;
public ObservableCollection<MyElement> MyElementItems { get { return _items; } set { _items = value; RaisePropertyChanged("MyElementItems"); } }
ObservableCollection<MyElement> _temporayList;
private ICommand _itemClicked;
public ICommand ItemClicked { get { return _itemClicked; } }
public MyItemsControlViewModel()
{
_items = new ObservableCollection<MyElement>();
_temporayList = new ObservableCollection<MyElement>();
_itemClicked = new MyCommand(OnItemSelected);
AddItem("Element 1");
AddItem("Element 2");
AddItem("Element 3");
UpdateList();
}
public void UpdateList()
{
MyElementItems = _temporayList;
}
public void AddItem(string t)
{
MyElement item = new MyElement(t);
_temporayList.Add(item);
}
public void OnItemSelected(object param)
{
Debug.WriteLine("Executed!");
}
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
private void RaisePropertyChanged(string propertyName)
{
if (this.PropertyChanged != null)
this.PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
}
}
XAML
<UserControl x:Class="WpfApp3.MyUserControl"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp3"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="1080" d:DesignWidth="570"
x:Name="myCustomControl">
<Grid >
<Button x:Name="btnOutsideItemsControl" Width="100" Height="100 " VerticalAlignment="Top" Command="{Binding ItemClicked}" />
<ItemsControl
x:Name="listItems"
ScrollViewer.PanningMode="None"
IsEnabled="False"
Background = "Transparent"
HorizontalAlignment="Center"
ItemsSource="{Binding MyElementItems}" Margin="0,152,0,0" Width="549">
<ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<WrapPanel HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="50,0,0,0"
Background="Transparent" Orientation="Vertical"/>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<Button
Content="{Binding Text}"
Command="{Binding ElementName=listItems, Path=DataContext.ItemClicked}"/>
</DataTemplate>
</ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
</ItemsControl>
</Grid>
</UserControl>
The component is used in MainWindow.xaml.
namespace WpfApp3
{
/// <summary>
/// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
private MyItemsControlViewModel _myViewModel;
public MyItemsControlViewModel MyViewModel { get { return _myViewModel; } }
public MainWindow()
{
_myViewModel = new MyItemsControlViewModel();
InitializeComponent();
myCustomControl.DataContext = MyViewModel;
}
}
}
XAML
<Window x:Class="WpfApp3.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp3"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
<Grid>
<local:MyUserControl x:Name="myCustomControl"/>
</Grid>
</Window>
When i run the application i can see correctly the list of 3 items with the correct text.
But if i click on one of the button of the list i can't see the output of Debug.WriteLine("Executed!");
But if i click on the button btnOutsideItemsControl that is outside the ItemsControl, it works. I can see the output of Debug.WriteLine("Executed!");
So i think that also the definition of the command is correct.
To bind correctly the Command property of Button inside the ItemsControl i try this
<Button Command="{Binding ElementName=listItems, Path=DataContext.ItemClicked}">
And also this
<Button Command="{Binding DataContext.ItemClicked, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor,AncestorType=ItemsControl}}">
But it not works.
Please help!
This is confusing. The view model has a empty OnItemSelected method that is supposed to be executed by the ItemClicked, but you are talking about a OnMyItemSelected method. Where is that? Try to reduce your code to a minimal reproducible example. Remove things that are unrelated to the problem.
As a note, UpdateList() will not notify the UI, since you set the backing field, but not the property MyElementItems.
Thanks @Clemens for your reply and suggestions. I changed the question. I've created a new application WpfApp3 and add the minimum code needed to see my problem. If it is still confusing, please tell me. Thanks!
You're gonna kick yourself once I tell you.
Your problem is that you set IsEnabled="False" on your ItemsControl. Remove it and all will be well with the universe.
Yes I definitely want to kick myself! I don't know how I didn't see it! Thank you very much
| 25,433 |
https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%20%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%20%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
विधु विनोद चोपड़ा
|
https://mai.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=विधु विनोद चोपड़ा&action=history
|
Maithili
|
Spoken
| 38 | 238 |
विधु विनोद चोपड़ा भारतीय चलचित्र क्षेत्रक एक निर्देशक छी ।
बाल्यकाल
व्यक्तिगत जीवन
प्रमुख चलचित्रसभ
प्रसिद्धि
सन्दर्भ सामग्रीसभ
बाह्य जडीसभ
एहो सभ देखी
सन् १९५२ मे जन्म
भारतीय चलचित्र निर्देशकसभ
भारतीय चलचित्र निर्मातासभ
फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार विजेतासभ
जीवित लोक
| 33,631 |
umhomemdebrios00brangoog_126
|
Portuguese-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,869 |
Um homem de brios
|
Camilo Castelo Branco
|
Portugueuse
|
Spoken
| 8,580 | 11,972 |
O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais. A condição de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. 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| 15,263 |
https://github.com/jiucaiProductions/appframework/blob/master/src/main/java/org/jiucai/appframework/Version.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
ECL-2.0, Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
appframework
|
jiucaiProductions
|
Java
|
Code
| 22 | 58 |
package org.jiucai.appframework;
/**
* 版本信息
*
* @author zhaidangwei
*/
public class Version {
public static final String VersionNumber = "3.0.0";
}
| 18,647 |
https://github.com/jess-monter/chopstore/blob/master/src/main/java/choppr/chopstore/ChopstoreApplication.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
chopstore
|
jess-monter
|
Java
|
Code
| 71 | 176 |
package choppr.chopstore;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
/**
* Clase que inicia la aplicación
* @author Eric Toporek Coca
* @author Francisco Alejandro Arganis Ramı́rez
* @author Jessica Monter Gallardo
* @version 1.0
*/
@ SpringBootApplication
public class ChopstoreApplication {
/**
* Inicia la ejecución de la aplicación
* @param args son argumentos de la línea de comandos
*/
public static void main (String [] args) {
SpringApplication.run (ChopstoreApplication.class, args);
}
}
| 45,608 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29622585
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Ci Nangka
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 618 | 1,674 |
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia-förgreningssida
Ci Nangka instans av Wikimedia-förgreningssida
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia disambiguation page
Ci Nangka instance of Wikimedia disambiguation page
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia-Begriffsklärungsseite
Ci Nangka ist ein(e) Wikimedia-Begriffsklärungsseite
Ci Nangka
page d'homonymie de Wikimedia
Ci Nangka nature de l’élément page d'homonymie de Wikimédia
Ci Nangka
pagina di disambiguazione di un progetto Wikimedia
Ci Nangka istanza di pagina di disambiguazione di un progetto Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
página de desambiguación de Wikimedia
Ci Nangka instancia de página de desambiguación de Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka is 'n Wikimedia dubbelsinnigheidsbladsy
Ci Nangka
pachina de desambigación
Ci Nangka instancia de pachina de desambigación de Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
páxina de dixebra de Wikimedia
Ci Nangka instancia de páxina de dixebra de Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka natur an elfenn pajenn disheñvelout eus Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
pàgina de desambiguació de Wikimedia
Ci Nangka instància de pàgina de desambiguació de Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
rozcestník na projektech Wikimedia
Ci Nangka instance (čeho) rozcestník na projektech Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka enghraifft o'r canlynol tudalen wahaniaethu Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia-flertydigside
Ci Nangka tilfælde af flertydig
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia-Begriffsklärungsseite
Ci Nangka ist eine Instanz von Wikimedia-Begriffsklärungsseite
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia-Begriffsklärungsseite
Ci Nangka ist eine Instanz von Wikimedia-Begriffsklärungsseite
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia disambiguation page
Ci Nangka instance of Wikimedia disambiguation page
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia disambiguation page
Ci Nangka instance of Wikimedia disambiguation page
Ci Nangka
Vikimedia apartigilo
Ci Nangka estas Vikimedia apartigilo
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia täpsustuslehekülg
Ci Nangka üksikjuht nähtusest Wikimedia täpsustuslehekülg
Ci Nangka
Wikimediako argipen orri
Ci Nangka honako hau da Wikimediako argipen orri
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia-täsmennyssivu
Ci Nangka esiintymä kohteesta Wikimedia-täsmennyssivu
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka sampla de leathanach idirdhealaithe Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
páxina de homónimos de Wikimedia
Ci Nangka instancia de páxina de homónimos de Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia-Begriffsklärigssite
Ci Nangka isch e Wikimedia-Begriffsklärigssite
Ci Nangka
razdvojbena stranica na Wikimediji
Ci Nangka jest razdvojba na Wikimediji
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka instantia de pagina de disambiguation
Ci Nangka
halaman disambiguasi Wikimedia
Ci Nangka adalah halaman disambiguasi Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
aðgreiningarsíða á Wikipediu
Ci Nangka er Wikimedia aðgreiningarsíða
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia-Homonymiesäit
Ci Nangka ass eng/e(n) Wikimedia-Homonymiesäit
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia-verdudelikingspazjena
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
laman disambiguasi
Ci Nangka adolah laman disambiguasi
Ci Nangka
laman nyahkekaburan
Ci Nangka contoh laman nyahkekaburan Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia-pekerside
Ci Nangka forekomst av Wikimedia-pekerside
Ci Nangka
Sied för en mehrdüdig Begreep op Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka is een deurverwiesziede
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia-doorverwijspagina
Ci Nangka is een Wikimedia-doorverwijspagina
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia-fleirtydingsside
Ci Nangka førekomst av Wikimedia-fleirtydingsside
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka natura de l'element pagina d'omonimia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
strona ujednoznaczniająca w projekcie Wikimedia
Ci Nangka jest to strona ujednoznaczniająca w projekcie Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
página de desambiguação da Wikimedia
Ci Nangka instância de página de desambiguação da Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka instância de página de desambiguação da Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
pagină de dezambiguizare Wikimedia
Ci Nangka este un/o pagină de dezambiguizare Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka esimplari di pàggina di disambiguazzioni di Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Wikimedia disambiguation page
Ci Nangka instance o Wikimedia disambiguation page
Ci Nangka
rozlišovacia stránka
Ci Nangka je rozlišovacia stránka
Ci Nangka
razločitvena stran Wikimedie
Ci Nangka primerek od razločitvena stran Wikimedie
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka je višeznačna odrednica na Vikimediji
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka ni mfano wa ukarasa wa maana wa Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka istansa de pajina de omonimìa de on projeto Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
trang định hướng Wikimedia
Ci Nangka là một trang định hướng Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka nateure di l’ elemint pådje d' omonimeye di Wikimedia
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
Ci Nangka
| 30,119 |
hal-01522749-manuscript_version%20finale_legendre_sabatier.txt_1
|
French-Science-Pile
|
Open Science
|
Various open science
| 2,017 |
The puzzle of older workers' employment: Distance to retirement and health effects. International Journal of Manpower, 2017, 38 (1), pp.45-61. ⟨10.1108/IJM-02-2016-0042⟩. ⟨hal-01522749⟩
|
None
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
| 7,617 | 12,612 |
The puzzle of older workers’ employment: Distance to
retirement and health effects
Bérangère Legendre, Mareva Sabatier
To cite this version:
Bérangère Legendre, Mareva Sabatier. The puzzle of older workers’ employment: Distance to retirement and health effects. International Journal of Manpower, 2017, 38 (1), pp.45-61. �10.1108/IJM02-2016-0042�. �hal-01522749�
HAL Id: hal-01522749
https://hal.science/hal-01522749
Submitted on 15 May 2017
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
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publics ou privés.
The puzzle of older workers’ employment:
Distance to retirement and health effects
By Bérangère Legendre1 and Maréva Sabatier2
Abstract
This article investigates the extent to which the distance to retirement affects low employment rates among European older workers, taking into account a key but often neglected
determinant: health status. To begin, the study amends McCall’s job search model, in
which the job search behavior is treated as age dependent. Agents are heterogeneous
according to two attributes: distance to retirement and health. This model leads to clear
predictions, such that the closer the retirement, the greater the reservation wage and the
lower people’s search effort. Older workers also exhibit lower exit rates from unemployment, an effect that gets enhanced by health problems. This empirical work, based on a
French survey, confirms the existence of a distance effect but also puts the greater impact
of health status into perspective. The distance effect explains only part of the puzzle of
older workers’ employment.
Key words : distance to retirement, older workers’ employment, health
JEL Codes: I10, J26, J64
1 IREGE - Université de Savoie - 4, chemin de Bellevue - BP 80439, 74 944 Annecy-Le-Vieux Cedex
2 IREGE - Université de Savoie - 4, chemin de Bellevue - BP 80439, 74 944 Annecy-Le-Vieux Cedex ; LIEPP
- Science Po. Paris
1
1
Introduction
Since the 1970s, European employment rates have remained far below the U.S. employment
rate. This difference seems especially pronounced among older workers (over 55 years). In 2014,
the average employment rate of older workers in the European Union (EU27) was 51.8%, versus
61.4% in the United States. Europe in turn has been deprived of a segment of its workforce and
a potential source of growth. Such trends also call into question the sustainability of European
pension systems, which mainly are based on a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) approach that already
has been challenged by the aging of the population. France seems particularly worrisome. In
1975, the employment rate of elderly aged from 55 to 59 reached 60,1%. In 1995, it was only
43.9%. Only in the 2000’s, this employment rate has increased again. In 2014, the employment
rate of older workers (48.6%) remains 3.2 points lower than the EU average and 12.8 points
lower than the U.S.
To explain these differences between Europe and the United States, several authors (Nickell[40],
1997 ; Abowd et al.[1], 1999 ; Blanchard and Wolfers[11], 2000 ; Saint-Paul, 2009[44]) emphasize
the role of institutions (e.g, minimum wage, employment protection, taxation, unemployment
benefits) which tend to be stronger in Europe and particularly in France. These institutions
create rigidities in the labor market that might help to explain low employment rates. For
older workers, institutional retirement conditions, such as the presence of a legal retirement
age, seem influential : if the legal retirement age is low, older workers feel encouraged to leave
the labor market earlier. This negative correlation between retirement age and older workers’
employment rate can be clearly observed in OECD countries.
This stylized fact also implies a distance effect, such that the legal retirement age acts as a
deadline for older workers. Life-cycle supply models (Seater, 1977[45] ; Bettendorf and Broer,
2003[10]) demonstrate how this deadline affects both labor demand and the search behavior of
older workers. Because their employment horizon is shorter, older workers expect lower returns
to their job search, which lowers their incentives to the point that older workers rationally
display lower search effort (Ljungqvist and Sargent, 2008[35]). This negative effect gets reinforced by the presence of generous unemployment benefits, pensions, or pre-retirement plans
(Hairault, Langot and Sopraseuth (2010[27]). In those cases, the affordability of retirement is
not a question : in France and in other european countries, the public pension system provides
sufficiently high benefits to cover basic needs. Symmetrically, a shorter employment horizon
also decreases the returns to hiring an older worker, such that hiring and training costs might
appear too high, compared with the limited flow of expected returns (Hutchens, 1986[30] and
1988[31]). Moreover, with a shorter horizon, firms might have difficulties monitoring older workers or offering them incentives based on delayed compensation schemes (Lazear, 1979, 1981 ;
Hirsch et al., 2000[29]). Finally, according to Cheron, Hairault and Langot (2007[19], 2011[20]),
2
the distance effect creates an incites for firms to fire older workers in response to economic difficulties appear. Older workers have less time to identify new opportunities so the separation
decisions for older workers depend mainly on instantaneous profit. The closer the date of retirement, the lower the expected value of employing a senior and the greater the risk of being
laid-off becomes. This risk is even reinforced if older workers suffer from a technological bias
that assigns greater importance to skill obsolescence (Aubert, Caroli and Roger, 2006[5]).
This theoretical framework helps clarify why older workers’ employment rate is lower in Europe and France, as well as point to directions for solving the problem. Postponing the legal
retirement age would almost automatically increase the older workers’ employment rate, as
well as restore the funding capacity of the PAYG system by increasing the number of active
people and limiting the number of retirees. Because of this double dividend, several countries
have decided to delay the legal retirement age. In France, it has increased gradually from 60
years (in 1983) to 62 years (following the 2010 reform), leading older workers retire to later
(Bozio, 2008 [15]). But these workers also experience significant difficulties in finding jobs. In
France for example, the proportion of older people (over 55 years) in employment rose from
7.5% in 1995 to 12.9% in 2011, even as their share in unemployment doubled, from 4.3% in
1995 to 8,9% in 2011. That is, postponing the retirement age led the activity rate of older
workers to increase, but so did their unemployment rate. The effect on the employment rate
also seems less important than predicted by life-cycle models.
Although attractive, the distance effect framework cannot piece together the entire puzzle of
older workers’ employment in Europe or in France, likely because life-cycle supply models suffer
from two limitations that limit the scope of their predictions for economic policies in Europe.
First, life-cycle job search models rely on rather unrealistic hypotheses for European labor markets, such assuming that older workers have lower reservation wages than young unemployed
people (Hairault, Langot, Sopraseuth, 2010). However, in most European countries, seniority
pay systems ensure that older workers receive higher wages than younger workers in equivalent positions. In addition, unemployment benefits generally are calculated according to the
most recent salary received, so European older workers are likely to have higher reservation
wages. Second, in life-cycle models agents are heterogenous in age but match in their other
characteristics. However, workers often differ in terms of their health status, particularly at
the end of their careers. A growing literature stream (Currie and Madrian (1999[21] ; Gruber
and Wise (1999[24]) ; Cai and Kalb, 2006[18] and 2007 ; Barnay, 2005[7] and 2008[8] ; Blanchet
and Debrand, 2005[12] ; Jones, Rice and Roberts, 2010[32] ; Garcia-Gomez, 2011[23]) shows
that health is a key determinant of early retirement in that health problems can decrease labor
productivity and weaken the position of older workers. These problems also can make workers
3
more sensitive to poor working conditions and enhance labor opportunity costs, especially if
financial compensation is available, which often depends on the severity of the disability. Poor
health can expose workers to discriminatory practices by employers too (Madden, 2004[36]).
Overall then elderly workers with poor health may have a strong incentive to retire earlier.
Our main goal with this research therefore is to specify the contribution of the distance effect
to the low employment rate of European older workers, taking into account both health status
and the specificities of European labor markets. To fulfill that goal, we first amend McCall’s
(1970) job search model, in which job search behavior is solely dependent on age. However, we
do not assume several homogenous cohorts of workers, as in Ljungqvist and Sargent (2008[35])
or Hairault, Langot and Sopraseuth (2010[27]). Instead, we anticipate that agents are clearly
heterogenous according to two attributes : distance to retirement and health. As our main
theoretical contribution, we predict that search behavior (both the job offer arrival rate and
search costs) depends on the distance to retirement and health status. We also endogenize
the separation rate, which depends negatively on retirement distance. Our model in turn offers clear predictions, in that when the distance to retirement is lower, the reservation wage
increases, whereas search effort declines. Finally, older workers exhibit lower exit rates from
unemployment and thus lower employment rates, effects enhanced by health problems.
In order to test empirically whether the distance to retirement and the health status impact
the employment status, we use a French data set on health and career paths, the “Santé et
Itinéraires professionnels” survey (SIP), conducted in 2006 by the France’s health and labour
ministries. This original survey provides retrospective information on both employment and
health status. We focus on men who entered the labor market after 1960, and exploit the panel
dimension of the survey. The data pertain to more than 3700 individuals, with information on
them between 1 and 46 years. For each worker, we can calculate the distance to retirement
annually on the basis on the legal rules in place. Using dynamic probit models and controlling
for initial conditions (Heckman, 1981), we estimate the distance effect on the probability of
being employed, and we test the influence of health on this distance effect.
The next section presents the job search model, with which we take into account the impact
of the distance to retirement and health status. Section 3 presents the data and the empirical
approach. In Section 4 we present the results, and Section 5 concludes.
4
2
Theoretical Model
In McCall’s (1970) job search model, the distance to retirement and health status both have
an on impact the agent’s search effort and probability of getting a job.
2.1
Hypotheses
We consider a partial equilibrium job search model with endogenous individual search intensity
(Burdett and Mortensen, 1980[17] ; Mortensen, 1986[39]). This framework allows us to analyse
search behavior and thus employment rates of heterogenous individuals in terms of distance
(and health) at time t. Individual job search is thus assumed to be stationary. This hypothesis
does not allow us to study how search behavior varies when an individual gets closer to his
retirement date. Complementary to our analysis in a stationary environment, non-stationary
analyse is in fact very difficult since it would require knowing the future evolution of legal
rules on retirement date. However, these dates fluctuate with reforms that are difficult to
anticipate. We here thus decide to focus on the heterogenity among individuals and not on the
heterogeneity over time.
The arrival rate of job offers for an agent i , denoted λi , depends on the job search effort (ei )
and an efficiency parameter αi ∈ [0, 1], such as :
i
λi = eα
i
(1)
λ0 (e) > 0 and λ00 (e) < 0
This efficiency parameter can be defined as :
αi = si Di
(2)
where si ∈ [0, 1], such that 0 indicates poor health conditions, and Di ∈ [0, 1], such that Di is
equal to 0 when the agent retires.
Unlike Ljungqvist and Sargent (2008[35]) or Hairault, Langot, and Sopraseuth (2010[27]) but
in line with recent work on search effort in Europe (Kahn, 2009[33]), we assume that the
distance to retirement does not affect search effort directly, but rather does so indirectly through
the efficiency parameter. That is, older workers might devote the same amount of time to
job search as younger unemployed people do, but to be less efficient in this activity. The
obsolescence of human capital and lower control over new job search techniques, such as using
the Internet and computers (Borghans and TerWeel, 2007[13]) could help explain this lower
efficiency. Older workers thus suffer from a technological bias (Aubert, Caroli, Roger, 2006[5])
5
that limits their search efficiency. Moreover, we assume that poor health decreases the search
efficiency parameter, by complicating access to job offers and contacts with potential employers.
Finally, λi can be written as :
λ = esi i Di
(3)
Search costs depends on the job search effort and the efficiency parameter, which in turns
reflects health status and distance to retirement. The closer the retirement date and the poorer
the person’s health, the lower the search efficiency and the greater the search costs are. The
search cost, c(ei ), then can be defined as :
c(ei ) =
e2i
si Di
(4)
where c0 (e) > 0 and c00 (e) > 0.
Following Cheron, Hairault and Langot (2007[19], 2011[20]), we assume that the distance to
retirement also affects the separation rate, q :
qi = γ (1 − Di )
(5)
where γ is the preference for young employees (γ ∈ [0, 1]).
Note that when the retirement date is close, D tends toward 0, and the separation rate depends
only on γ. If firms have a strong preference for young workers, older workers get laid off more.
Because European labor legislation protects workers with health problems, firms cannot fire
workers because of these problems, so separation rate officially should not depend on s.
In each search period, dt, an unemployed worker chooses a search intensity, ei and receives
unemployment compensation b. These benefits can include all pre-retirement schemes that
allow older workers to remain in unemployment until they reach the official retirement date
(Gruber and Wise, 2005[25]). If the unemployed person finds a job and accepts it, he or she
receives a wage, denoted ω, where f (ω) and F (ω) are the density and distribution functions,
respectively. If the seeker does not find a job, he or she remains unemployed or chooses to retire.
With this latter option, the retired worker receives a pension, p that we assume is exogenous.
2.2
Reservation wage and optimal search effort
Let Vt denote the value of the optimization problem of an unemployed worker and Wt the
value of the optimization problem of a worker paid ω. The Bellman equations can be written
as follows :
6
Vt =
Z
Z ∞
ω∗
1
(b − c(e))dt + (1 − λ(e)dt)Vt + λ(e)dt
Vt dF (ω) +
Wt dF (ω)
1 + rdt
0
ω∗
(6)
1
and Wt =
ωt dt + (1 − q dt)Wt + q dt Vt
1 + rdt
(7)
where r represents the interest rate.
By equalizing Vt and Wt , we obtain the reservation wage ω∗ :
λ(ei )
H(ω)
r + qi
(8)
(ω − ω∗)dF (ω)
(9)
ω∗ = b − c(ei ) +
where :
Z ∞
H(ω) =
ω∗
The reservation wage equation provides a means to study the trade-off made by an unemployed
agent. At each time period, the present value of the expected utility due to employment gets
compared against the utility of unemployment, as well as with the expected value of inactivity.
Given the possibilities of retiring early, the near-to-retirement worker considers two main options : remain in an active employment situation that depends on the wage proposals receivedor retire. The incomes provided by public insurance and/or employers for an early retirement
thus become a key factor. If ω∗ is greater than p, the worker remains in the labor market. If
the wage offer ω is above ω∗, the unemployed person accepts the job ; otherwise, he or she
remains unemployed. But if ω∗ is lower than p, the worker retires.
Using the previous equation, we can write :
λ(ei )
H(ω)
r + qi
(10)
(ω − ω∗)dF (ω)
(11)
c(ei ) = b − ω ∗ +
with
λ0 (ei )
c (ei ) =
r + qi
0
Z ∞
ω∗
Then by combining Equations 8 and 11, we obtain :
ω∗i = b − c(ei ) +
or, in our case,
7
λ(ei ) 0
c (ei )
λ0 (ei )
(12)
ω∗i = b + e2i
2 − si Di
(si Di )2
(13)
with implies that :
e2 (sD−4)
∂ω∗
i
<0 ,
∂D =
s2 D 3
and ∂ω∗
∂s =
e2i (sD−4)
s3 D 2
<0.
Our model first predicts that the reservation wage increases with the proximity of the retirement
date. Because older workers are less efficient in their job search, they face higher search costs
and rationally claim higher reservation wages in contrast with the results offered by Ljungqvist
and Sargent (2008[35]) or Hairault, Langot and Sopraseuth (2010[27]). This argument is more
consistent with the stylized facts in European countries. Morevover, this distance effect becomes
enhanced if older workers have poor health. Optimal search intensity thus depends on distance
to retirement and health.
From Equation 11, we have :
2
sDesi i Di −1 H(ω)
ei =
sD
r + qi
ei ∗ =
2 γ(1 − Di ) + r
H(ω)s2i Di2
(14)
1
si Di −2
(15)
and therefore :
2
∂e∗
=−
∂s
2
∂e∗
=−
∂D
1
sD−2
1
sD−2
γ+r−γD
Hs2 D 2
γ+r−γD
Hs2 D 2
1
sD−2
sD log
2(γ+r−γD)
Hs2 D 2
+ 2sD − 4
>0
s(sD − 2)2
1
sD−2
sD(γ + r − γD) log
2(γ+r−γD)
Hs2 D 2
(16)
− (sD − 2)(γD − 2γ + 2r))
>0
D(sD − 2)2 (γ + r − γD)
(17)
Poor health (a lower value of s) complicates the job search and increases search costs, so
workers with health problems display lower optimal search effort.
Knowing the reservation wage and the optimal effort, we can define the unemployment exit
rate, θi , as the product between the job offers arrival rate and the probability of receiving a
wage offer higher than the reservation wage :
8
θi = λi [1 − F (ω∗)]
= esi i Di [1 − F (ω∗)]
(18)
θi
> 0. Our model thus leads to clear predictions, because older
We have ∀ i, dd θsii > 0, and ddD
i
workers and in particlar those who have health problems demand higher reservation wages and
display lower effort. Our model also explains why people may prefer to retire. If pensions p are
higher than ω∗, older workers leave the labor market. As in Ljungqvist and Sargent (2008[35])
or Hairault, Langot and Sopraseuth (2010[27]), generous pensions incite older workers to retire.
These theoretical predictions therefore argue for the existence of a distance effect : closer is
the retirement date, lower is the employment rate, amplified by a poor state of health. Using
French data, we propose then to estimate the probability of being employed according to the
distance to retirement and the health status.
3
Empirical analysis
3.1
Data and statistics
We use the French “Santé et Itinéraires Professionnels” (SIP) survey, conducted in France in
2006 by the health and labour ministries. This survey is original, in that it provides information
about both labor market transitions, including retirement, and health status. A representative
sample of the French metropolitan population (more than 13,000 people) was interviewed. Each
respondent retrospectively declared all known employment events and any illness suffered up
until the survey date. These data allowed for the construction of a full calendar of activity
(and inactivity) and health events. However, the survey registers only events that last longer
than one year, such that it follows that workers who experience a period of unemployment (or
inactivity) shorter than one year are considered as employed for that year.
For our analysis, we restrict the sample to male workers in the private sector and who entered
the labor market after 1960. This choice is mainly driven by data availability and consistency.
Women’s professional trajectories are more frequently discontinuous, due to maternity or family commitments, which makes it complicated to estimate an accurate date of retirement. To
avoid measurement errors, we focus only on men. Furthermore, in France, the pension calculation rules and retirement date differ in the public sector compared with the private one. We
thus include only private sector workers, so that we can investigate workers facing homogenous
rules. The final sample includes individuals from the date of entry in the labour market and
9
until 2006. Part of them (14.7%) are older workers (over 55 years) in 2006. Individuals can be
unemployed, employed or retired.
Our final sample includes 3,730 men observed for an average of 29 years. By exploiting the
panel dimension of the survey, we obtained 90,629 observations.
In addition to individual attributes (see table A1 in the appendix), the SIP survey provides
information on the key variables of our theoretical model, namely, employment status, distance
to retirement, and health. Note that the SIP survey does not have information on search effort
and the reservation wage but only on employment status, which is the outcome of the search
behavior, as described in the theoretical part. By following the male workers throughout their
careers, we can identify their position in the labor market at each moment in time. On average,
94.59% of the observations referred employed men, though this high employment rate varies
strongly with distance to retirement and health status.
The French pension system is based on a statutory PAYG system. The state pension is calculated on the basis of the person’s wage, rate of contribution, and length of period of contribution.
The complementary schemes, which complement the general State regime and are compulsory,
are also financed on a PAYG basis. To calculate distance to retirement, we use the distance to
the age at which full pension can be obtained, which takes into account the legal retirement
age, as well as the age at which people are eligible to receive an automatic, full pension, together with the impact of each pension reform on the contributive annuities required to obtain
a full pension.
Specifically, to evaluate the distance, we first calculate the full pension age as :
F ull pension agei = year of f irst job + number of required annuities − birth year
If workers are eligible for a full pension before the legal retirement age, they still must wait
until this age, which is 60 years for men of our sample.3 All members of the workforce obtain
the automatic full pension rate at the age of 65 years. Consequently, the distance to retirement
(Dit ) is calculated as :
Dit = min max [60, F ull pension agei ]; 65 − ageit
(19)
Figure 1 reveals that the employment proportion dramatically decreases with the distance to
3 Since the reform of 2003, the legal retirement age is 62 years ; this reform also introduced the possibility
that people with long careers could retire before the age of 60 years, in some conditions.
10
retirement. These descriptives statistics strongly indicate a distance effect, as we predicted in
the theoretical part.
Figure 1 : Frequencies of employment according to distance to retirement
Source : SIP Survey, 2006
Descriptive statistics also show a strong state dependence. Among individuals who are not in
employment (in unemployment or in inactivity) at time t-1, 34.75% were in employment in t.
This rate raises to 98.78% when individuals were employed at time t-1. This is clearly in line
with the literature on employment transitions that highlight that employment status relates
closely to status on the labor market in the previous period (Arulampalam, 2002[2] ; Fougere
and Kamionka (2005[22]).
In addition to distance to retirement and past events in the labour market, health status seems
linked with employment. In the SIP survey, health status is defined with an objective indicator,
the occurence of at least one illness during the year. This objective measure has two advantages
compared with subjective measures, in that it avoids socio-cultural (Bound, 1991[14]) and justification biases.4 But objective health and ability to work also tend to correlate strongly. If
the activity has a direct impact on health status, it might imply an endogeneity bias (Kerkhofs
and Lindeboom, 2002[34]), so we adress this concern in the following estimates.
Because health status differs significantly among individuals, we also consider illness severity.
Serious diseases are those that pose a life-threatening or a disability risk, according the CIM
Classification. The criterion reveals that 19.98% of respondents declared they had experienced
an illness over the previous year (Table 1), and 3.60% had a serious disease.
4 The desire to rationalize an early withdrawal from the labor market can prompt near-to-retirement persons
to justify their lack of“search activity” by their poor health.
11
Our descriptive statistics also highlight that the employment rate is lower when illnesses are
reported (90.77% versus 94.59% for total sample). This employment rate is even lower for
men who face a severe desease (87.67%). Moreover, health and distance to retirement seem to
interact, as in our job search model. Table 1 indicates that the proportion of sick individuals
in employment decreases with distance to retirement. Whereas 94.59% of our observations are
employed, only 81.77% remain in employment when the distance to retirement is less than 5
years. Only 72.15% of sick individuals remain employed when the distance is less than 5 years,
and 61.70% are employed when they suffer from a serious disease. These statistics clearly signal that worsening health status limits people’s ability to work, especially at the end of their
careers (Currie and Madrian, 1999 [21] ; Au et al., 2005 [4] ; Garcia-Gomez, 2011[23]), as we
modelled in Section 1.
Table 1 : Descriptive statistics : active men
Any Distance
10 < Di
5 < Di ≤ 10
Di ≤ 5
% in employment
94.59%
94.99%
90.87%
81.77%
% of sick observations
19.98%
18.48%
41.67%
46.60%
% of seriously sick observations
3.60%
3.35%
7.68%
6.67%
90.77%
92.32%
83.77%
72.15%
87.65%
90.50%
69.81%
61.70%
% of sick observations
in employment
% of seriously sick
observations in employment
Source : SIP survey, 2006
Our descriptive statistics clearly indicate that distance to retirement and health status can
influence the probability of being employed, as defined in our job search model. To specify
their respective impacts on employment, we next present results from an econometric analysis.
3.2
Method
To analyse the impact of the distance to retirement and health events on the probability
of being employed among active men, we use panel probit models, following Hairault et al.
(2010[27]). Five configurations are estimated. Focusing on the employment status allows us to
capture elder workers’ behavior, but also indirectly to take into account labor demand effects :
12
an employment relationship is regarded as a match between labor demand and labour supply.
The first model is written as :
yit ∗ = Xit β + it , i = 1, ..., N and t = 1, ..., Ti
(20)
Where :
yit = 1 if yit ∗ > 0 and 0 otherwise.
it = νit + ui
where yit is equal to 1 if the individual i is employed at time t, X represents the vector of
regressors, it is the composed error term, and ui is the unobserved, individual specific heterogeneity, assumed to be unrelated to X. The regressors X include classical employment
determinants (educational level, household composition, nationality) and the distance to retirement, calculated for each individual, in each period.
In the second model, we allow for lagged effects, to test for the presence of state dependence.
We thus estimate a dynamic random effect model, defined as :
yit ∗ = Xit β + γ yi,t−1 + ui + νit
(21)
The presence of a lagged variable for employment status also raises a question about the initial
conditions (Heckman, 1981[28]), because the beginning of a career affects the entire path in
the labor market. We then have :
yi0 ∗ = Zi0 θ + δui + µi
(22)
though yi0 and the unobserved heterogeneity term also might be correlated. In Equation 21,
E(ui ) = 0, but E[ui |yi0 ] 6= 0 when δ 6= 0.
To address the initial conditions problem, we use Orme’s (1997[41]) two-step estimator. This
method, according to Arulampalam and Stewart (2009, [3]) is robust as it is not dominated by
other popular techniques as those proposed by Heckman’s (1981[28]) or Wooldridge (2005[47])
ones. However, note that Miranda(2007, [38]) stressed that the Heckman method may be more
robust in the case of high correlation between unobservable terms affecting initial conditions
and dynamic equations. This method yet requires a strong hypothesis about the distribution
function of unobservable terms. For these reasons, we prefer to use the Orme’s method, which
is a two steps method. In a first step, we estimate employment status in t0 by including
Zi0 characteristics (individual attributes and the national employment rate in t0 ). Then in
a second step, we estimate the following dynamic random effects probit model (assuming a
normal distribution for ui ) :
13
yit ∗ = Xit β + γ yi,t−1 + σ E[ui |yi0 ] + ui ∗ +νit
(23)
in which E[u|yi0 ] has been estimated in the first step as :
E[u|yi0 ] = E[ui |δui + µi ≥ −Zit θ] =
φ(Zit θ)
Φ(Zit θ)
(24)
In model 3, we introduce health status, in line with our theoretical development, both directly
and crossed with distance to retirement. Model 4 is thus a reduced form of our job search model.
Model 4 also takes into account the potential endogeneity of health status (Currie and Madrian, 1999[21] ; Kerkhofs and Lindeboom, 2002[34], Madden, 2004[36] ; Brown et al., 2005[16] ;
Haan and Myck, 2009[26]). We again adopt a two-step method : first estimating health status,
by introducing individual attributes and an instrument that measures the number of illnesses
experienced before labor market entry. We also consider the initial conditions problem.5 Considering the number of illnesses experienced before labor market entry allows capturing the effects of childhood deseases. A large literature suggests indeed that childhood circumstances
have lasting effects on morbidity later in life (Barker 1995[6] ; Peck 1994[42] ; Preston, Hill
and Drevenstedt 1998[43] ; Wadsworth 1986[46]). Social and economic deprivation, nutrition,
or exposure to environmental toxins and infectious diseases during childhood can influence
adult health. Moreover, several empirical analyses support the hypothesis that poor health in
childhood is associated with a higher probability of metabolic syndrome in young adulthood
(Margolis, 2008[37]).
Finally, the fifth model is a dynamic probit model, with correction of the endogeneity bias caused by the health variable, except that we change the health variable. That is we consider only
severe deseases, so that we can test the sensitivity of the distance effect to a more qualitative
measure of health.
3.3
Results
The main results appear in table 2 ; the intermediate estimates (initial conditions for the employment equation and endogeneity treatment of the illness status) are in the appendix (Tables
A2-A6).
5 Health status in t is instrumented by the medical density, calculated as the ratio between the number of
0
doctors and specialists.
14
Table 2 : Probability of being employed : distance and health
Variables
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Model 4
Model 5
Constant
1.317
0.222
0.621
-0.172
-1.241
ns
0.213
0.210ns
0.009
0.025
∗∗∗
Distance to retirement
0.061
0.212
0.012
0.023
∗∗∗
∗∗∗
0.002
Foreign citizenship
0.001
-0.201
0.040
∗∗∗
0.071
Having a foreign father
-0.128
Having no diploma
Having a high-school diploma
Having A-level
0.065
0.012
∗∗∗
0.001
0.033
0.063
ns
0.002
∗∗∗
0.001∗∗∗
-0.112
-0.025
ns
0.065ns
0.064
-0.112
-0.112
-0.143
∗
0.061
0.061
∗
0.061
∗
0.061∗∗
-0.001
-0.147
-0.153
-0.085
ns
∗∗
∗∗
ns
ns
0.089
Living in a couple
ns
0.211
ns
-0.111
0.085
Having a foreign mother
ns
0.065
0.066
0.066
-0.04
0.067ns
0.959
0.143
0.134
0.443
0.475
0.023∗∗∗
0.080∗
0.079∗
0.079∗∗∗
0.029∗∗∗
-0.237
-0.593
-0.546
-0.379
-0.381
0.075 ∗∗∗
0.062∗∗∗
0.061∗∗∗
0.062∗∗∗
0.066∗∗∗
0.145
-0.362
-0.326
-0.100
-0.109
0.052∗∗∗
0.062∗∗∗
0.063∗∗∗
0.063∗∗∗
0.041∗∗∗
-0.045
-0.203
-0.179
-0.118
-0.158
0.062ns
0.050∗∗∗
0.050∗∗∗
0.049∗∗∗
0.054∗∗∗
2.404
2.362
2.358
2.398
Employment (t-1)
∗∗∗
0.029
Iinitial conditions in employment
-1.813
∗∗∗
0.415
status (Mills ratio)
Having a disease
∗∗∗
0.028
-1.739
∗∗∗
0.417
0.028
∗∗∗
-1.721
0.416
∗∗∗
0.028∗∗∗
-1.748
0.417∗∗∗
-0.822
0.063∗∗∗
Disease * Distance
0.019
0.002∗∗∗
Having a disease (predicted)
-0.861
0.071∗∗∗
Disease (predicted) * Distance
0.019
0.003∗∗∗
Having a severe disease (predicted)
-0.819
0.121∗∗∗
Severe disease (predicted) * Distance
0.018
0.006∗∗∗
Sigma
Loglikelihood
Number of observations
0.914
0.449
0.447
0.449
0.449
0.018∗∗∗
0.019∗∗∗
0.018∗∗∗
0.019∗∗∗
0.089∗∗∗
-14,548
-7,814
-7,716
-7,714
-7,781
90,629
86,899
86,899
∗ ∗ ∗p < 0.01, ∗ ∗ p < 0.05, ∗p < 0.1
86,899
86,899
These estimates confirm the distance effect, as suggested in life-cycle models (Seater, 1977[45] ;
Ljungqvist and Sargent, 2008[35]). Using a panel probit model, similar to Hairault, Langot and
15
Sopraseuth (2010[27]) or Benallah et al. (2008[9]), we find a significant effect of distance but
with smaller intensity (cf. model 1). Being one year closer to the age of retirement decreases
the probability of being employed by 1.2 percentage points. The difference in size of marginal
effect, compared with previous works, might be attributed to the nature of our data, which
follow individual workers throughout their career and not just during a defined period of time
(i.e., 46 years in our data versus 7 years at most in other studies). Our distance effect is thus
estimated over a longer period. The distance to retirement thus appears to act as a deadline that decreases the probability of
being employed. However, this distance effect must be qualified. When we introduce the health
condition as an additional explanatory variable, as suggested by our theoretical framework
(Section 1), we find two further interesting facts. First, health status has a significant effect
on the probability of being employed. From an empirical view, neglecting health status, as
previous studies of the distance to retirement and employment have done, actually creates a
biased estimate of the distance effect. This bias potentially is quite high, because the marginal
effect of health on the probability of being employed is greater than the effect of distance (see
model 3). For example, having a disease decreases the probability of being employed by 82
pourcentage points, whereas coming one year closer to the retirement date reduces this same
probability by just 1.2 pourcentage points. In addition, our results establish that health status
interacts with distance to retirement. For people in poor health, being one year closer to their
retirement date decreases the probability of being employed by 3%– two times the importance
we found for a healthy person. This finding confirms one of our theoretical predictions (see
Section 1) : poor health reinforces the distance effect.
Second, to test the robustness of the results established in model 3, we address the endogeneity
of the health variable (model 4) and introduce a more qualitative measure of health (model 5).
We thus can conclude that health status (with or without accounting for the severity of the
disease) is well and truly endogenous (See tables A3-A6), as suggested by Madden (2004[36]),
Brown et al. (2005[16]), Haan and Myck (2009[26]). It depends on three main factors : prior
health status, indivdual attributes, and health environment characteristics (medical density),
though prior health status (and initial conditions) offers the greatest explanatory power in
relation to current health status. When we correct for this endogeneity of health in the em-
16
ployment equation, the conclusions driven from model 3 remain true, because health persists
as a key factor explaining the probability of having a job, and its effect largely depends on the
distance to retirement. Moreover, the results do not change with illness severity.
4
Conclusion
This research has attempted to specify the contribution of the distance effect to the low employment rate of French older workers, by taking health status into account. To that end, we
amend McCall’s job search model and study the case of heterogenous agents, according to
their distance to retirement and their health status. With this theoretical approach, we confirmed the distance effect and also determined that this effect gets reinforced by poor health
conditions. Contradicting previous studies (Ljunqvist and Sargent, 2008[35] ; Hairault et al.,
2010[27]), but consistent with stylized facts, we find that the reservation wage increases with
the proximity of the retirement date. Because they are less efficient in their job search, near-toretirement workers face higher search costs, which get amplified even further if they are sick.
Consequently, they exhibit lower search effort, leading to reduced job opportunities.
To assess the consistency of our theoretical predictions, we estimated the impacts of the distance
to retirement and health status on the probability of being employed, according to individual
attributes, using a French data set. We confirm a deadline effect, which remains after we
control for persistence effects in the employment equation. Our key results highlight that
health, neglected in previous research, actually has a substantial effect on the employment
probability. Neglecting health status would lead to important biases, in that its impact is even
greater than that of distance. Being ill decreases the probability of employment by a massive
82 pourcentage points, whereas coming one year closer to retirement reduces this probability
by only 1.2 pourcentage points. Our conclusions hold even when we address the endogeneity
of health in the employment equation, and consider a more qualitative variable of health.
Finally, our findings should not be taken as a challenge to the existence of a distance effect ;
rather they add nuance to our understanding of its impact. This result has important consequences for economic policy. Specifically, the existence of a distance effect suggests postponing
the retirement age, which will encourage people to stay in the labor market longer as predicted
by life cycle models. But the benefits of such a policy may be less significant than expected,
because they also depend on the health status of the prospective workers. Thus, raising the
age of retirement could create inequalities between healthy and sick members of the workforce.
Our study however face two limits. First, in the theoretical framework, it will be useful to go
beyond the partial analysis and to develop an equilibrium search model, in order to take into
account firms’ behaviours. On the empirical side, our dataset does not provide enough complete
17
observations about women’ careers, and our study is limited to men working in the private
sector. Finally, in this article, family interactions are not taken into account. But we know
from the literature that not only family commitments but also household organization have
an impact on retirement behaviour. For this reason, further research exploring these avenues
would be useful to capture more precisely the nature of retirement behaviour.
18
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[43] S.H. Preston, M.E. Hill, and G.L. Drevenstedt. Childhood conditions that predict survival
to advances ages for african americans. Social Science and Medicine, 47:1231–46, 1998.
[44] G. Saint-Paul. Does Welfare State Make Older Workers Unemployable? IZA Discussion
Papers 4440, 2009.
[45] J. Seater. A Unified Model of Consumption, Labor Supply, and Job Search. Journal of
economic theory, 14:349–372, 1977.
[46] M.E. Wadsworth. Serious illness in childhood and its association with laterlife achievement. Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, pages 50–74, 1986.
[47] J. Wooldridge. Simple solutions to the initial conditions problem in dynamic, nonlinear
panel data models with unobserved heterogeneity. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 20:39–
54, 2005.
22
Appendix
Table A1 Descriptive statistics (2)
Proportion of individuals...
| 8,562 |
ca89b8eb5289c9ac343c2a881587b19f
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Licence ouverte
| 1,983 |
LOI n° 83-634 du 13 juillet 1983, article 24
|
LEGI
|
French
|
Spoken
| 123 | 189 |
La cessation définitive de fonctions qui entraîne radiation des cadres et perte de la qualité de fonctionnaire résulte : 1° De l'admission à la retraite ; 2° De la démission régulièrement acceptée ; 3° Du licenciement ; 4° De la révocation. La perte de la nationalité française, la déchéance des droits civiques, l'interdiction par décision de justice d'exercer un emploi public et la non-réintégration à l'issue d'une période de disponibilité produisent les mêmes effets. Toutefois, l'intéressé peut solliciter auprès de l'autorité ayant pouvoir de nomination, qui recueille l'avis de la commission administrative paritaire, sa réintégration à l'issue de la période de privation des droits civiques ou de la période d'interdiction d'exercer un emploi public ou en cas de réintégration dans la nationalité française.
| 30,124 |
https://github.com/megahertz0/android_thunder/blob/master/dex_src/com/aplayer/aplayerandroid/c.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
android_thunder
|
megahertz0
|
Java
|
Code
| 144 | 683 |
package com.aplayer.aplayerandroid;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder.Callback;
// compiled from: APlayerAndroid.java
final class c implements Callback {
final /* synthetic */ APlayerAndroid a;
c(APlayerAndroid aPlayerAndroid) {
this.a = aPlayerAndroid;
}
public final void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder, int i, int i2, int i3) {
APlayerAndroid.access$0();
new StringBuilder("surface Changed format=").append(i).append(", width=").append(i2).append(", height=").append(i3);
if (!APlayerAndroid.access$1(this.a)) {
APlayerAndroid.access$19(this.a, APlayerAndroid.access$18(this.a), APlayerAndroid.access$2(this.a));
APlayerAndroid.access$20(this.a);
}
}
public final void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder) {
APlayerAndroid.access$0();
if (!APlayerAndroid.access$1(this.a)) {
APlayerAndroid.access$21(this.a, surfaceHolder.getSurface());
if (this.a.IsSystemPlayer()) {
APlayerAndroid.access$16(this.a).a(APlayerAndroid.access$18(this.a));
}
APlayerAndroid.access$19(this.a, APlayerAndroid.access$18(this.a), APlayerAndroid.access$2(this.a));
int GetState = this.a.GetState();
if ((GetState == 3 || GetState == 2 || GetState == 5 || GetState == 4) && APlayerAndroid.access$22(this.a)) {
APlayerAndroid.access$0();
i access$23 = APlayerAndroid.access$23(this.a);
if (access$23.a != null) {
access$23.a(access$23.c);
}
this.a.SetPosition(APlayerAndroid.access$24(this.a));
}
}
}
public final void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder) {
APlayerAndroid.access$19(this.a, null, APlayerAndroid.access$2(this.a));
if (!this.a.IsSystemPlayer() && APlayerAndroid.access$22(this.a)) {
APlayerAndroid.access$0();
APlayerAndroid.access$23(this.a).c();
APlayerAndroid.access$25(this.a, this.a.GetPosition());
}
if (APlayerAndroid.access$26(this.a) != null) {
APlayerAndroid.access$26(this.a);
}
}
}
| 32,695 |
2014053101478
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Licence ouverte
| 2,014 |
PROTECTION DU 6 RUE SAINT-LAZARE (RUE SAINT LAZARE).
|
ASSOCIATIONS
|
French
|
Spoken
| 13 | 28 |
amélioration de l'habitat et défense des copropriétaires du 6 rue Saint-Lazare, 75009 Paris.
| 38,511 |
https://github.com/Noddy76/data-highway/blob/master/agent/loading-bay/truck-park/core/src/main/java/com/hotels/road/truck/park/ConsumerRecordWriter.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
data-highway
|
Noddy76
|
Java
|
Code
| 328 | 1,089 |
/**
* Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Expedia, Inc.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.hotels.road.truck.park;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import java.util.function.LongConsumer;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
import org.apache.avro.Schema;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData.Record;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.hotels.road.io.AbortableOutputStream;
import com.hotels.road.truck.park.metrics.Metrics;
import com.hotels.road.truck.park.spi.AbortableOutputStreamFactory;
import com.hotels.road.truck.park.spi.RecordWriter;
import com.hotels.road.truck.park.spi.Writer;
@Component
@lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor
class ConsumerRecordWriter implements Writer<ConsumerRecord<Void, Record>> {
private static final long ZERO = 0L;
private final Map<Schema, Writer<Record>> writers;
private final Supplier<String> keySupplier;
private final RecordWriter.Factory recordWriterFactory;
private final AbortableOutputStreamFactory outputStreamFactory;
private final long flushBytesThreshold;
private final Metrics metrics;
@lombok.Getter
private final AtomicLong byteCounter = new AtomicLong(ZERO);
@lombok.Getter
private final AtomicLong recordCounter = new AtomicLong(ZERO);
@Autowired
ConsumerRecordWriter(
Supplier<String> keySupplier,
RecordWriter.Factory recordWriterFactory,
AbortableOutputStreamFactory outputStreamFactory,
@Value("${writer.flushBytesThreshold:134217728}") long flushBytesThreshold,
Metrics metrics) {
this(new HashMap<>(), keySupplier, recordWriterFactory, outputStreamFactory, flushBytesThreshold, metrics);
}
@Override
public void write(ConsumerRecord<Void, Record> record) throws IOException {
Schema schema = record.value().getSchema();
writers.computeIfAbsent(schema, this::newRecordWriter).write(record.value());
recordCounter.getAndIncrement();
metrics.consumedBytes(record.serializedValueSize());
metrics.offsetHighwaterMark(record.partition(), record.offset());
if (byteCounter.getAndAdd(ZERO) >= flushBytesThreshold) {
flush();
}
}
@Override
public void close() throws IOException {
flush();
}
@Override
public void flush() throws IOException {
for (Writer<Record> writer : writers.values()) {
writer.close();
}
writers.clear();
metrics.uploadedBytes(byteCounter.getAndSet(ZERO));
metrics.uploadedEvents(recordCounter.getAndSet(ZERO));
}
@VisibleForTesting
Writer<Record> newRecordWriter(Schema schema) {
String key = keySupplier.get();
AbortableOutputStream outputStream;
try {
outputStream = outputStreamFactory.create(key);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Error creating output.", e);
}
LongConsumer consumer = x -> byteCounter.getAndAdd(x);
ConsumerCountOutputStream output = new ConsumerCountOutputStream(outputStream, consumer);
try {
return recordWriterFactory.create(schema, output);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Error creating writer.", e);
}
}
}
| 28,058 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18109591
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
楊敏華
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 34 | 169 |
楊敏華
楊敏華 隶属于 人類
楊敏華 姓氏 楊
楊敏華 图像 Yang Min-Hua.jpg
楊敏華 性別 男
楊敏華 就读于 北京大学
楊敏華 职业 政治人物
楊敏華 國籍 中華民國
楊敏華 担任职务 中華民國國民大會代表, 议会任期 第三届国民大会
楊敏華 出生日期 1958
楊敏華 出生地 臺中市
| 17,889 |
5445113_1
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
| 1,058 | 1,298 |
Harrison, J.
The petitioner was convicted in the police court of the city and county of San Francisco of a misdemeanor, for visiting a house of ill-fame, and on the seventh day of March, 1890, was sentenced to “pay a fine of four hundred dollars, and in default of payment thereof, that he be imprisoned in the county jail of said city apd county at the rate of one day for each one dollar of fine until said fine is satisfied.” Under a commitment issued upon this judgment he was immediately taken into the custody of the sheriff, and has since that day been confined in the county jail of San Francisco.,
Section 33, order No. 1587, as amended by order No. 1955, of the board of supervisors of the city and county of San Francisco, under which his conviction was had, is as follows: “It shall be unlawful for any person in the city and county of San Francisco to keep or maintain, or become an inmate of, or a visitor to, or in any manner to contribute to the support of, any disorderly house, or house of ill-fame, or place for the practice of gambling, or knowingly let or underlet or transfer the possession of any premises for use by any person for any of said purposes. Every person who shall violate any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and punished by a fine of not less than twenty dollars, or imprisonment not less than ten days.”
The maximum amount of the punishment for this offense is not defined, but is left to the discretion of the court, except as it, is qualified by the provisions of section 1 of order 1587, which reads as follows: “Any person violating any of the provisions of this order shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and be punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.”
Construing these two sections together as defining the extent of the punishment by fine for the offense, it results that the ordinance provides that the penalty for *101visiting a house of ill-fame shall be not less than twenty dollars, nor more than one thousand dollars.
Municipal ordinances must be reasonable, and the penalties prescribed for their violation must also be reasonable as well as definite. It is not essential, however, that the precise amount of the penalty for each offense shall be designated in the ordinance. It is sufficient if it be left to the discretion of the court, within fixed, reasonable limits. The maximum limit must, however, be reasonable. (Dillon on Municipal Corporations, secs. 338, 341.)
The legislature (Stats. 1861, p. 552) has given to the city and county of San Francisco power “ to determine the fines, forfeitures, and penalties that shall be incurred for the breach of regulations established by its board of supervisors,” with the maximum limit of one thousand dollars, or six months’ imprisonment, or- both. But it does not follow that the city is authorized to affix this maximum penalty for the violation of every regulation that it may establish under its general power to define offenses, and prescribe penalties therefor. It is not justified in prescribing the same penalty for each offense which it may define. Penalties should be prescribed with reference to the offenses which are committed, rather than to the power under which they may be prescribed. This power to “ determine ” the penalties which shall be incurred for the breach of its regulations has been conferred upon the city, and must be exercised by its board of supervisors, and not left to the discretion of the judge before whom the offense is tried. (Matter of Frazee, 63 Mich. 408.) The board of supervisors must itself fix, within limits which are reasonable, the penalty to be incurred for the violation of each offense. If, however, the board of supervisors does not determine the penalty in any other terms than that it shall not be less than twenty dollars, but leaves to the judge the power to affix the maximum *102amount of punishment which the legislature has authorized to be affixed for the violation of any offense, instead of fixing the penalty within reasonable limits, it gives to the judge the discretion of determining what the penalty shall be for each offense. This has the same effect as if it had itself fixed the maximum limit of the penalty at one thousand dollars. In the exercise of the power conferred upon it to “ regulate all practices which are contrary to public order and decency,” by virtue of which this ordinance was adopted (Stats. 1863, p. 540), it was incumbent upon the city to frame the ordinance, so far as practicable, in harmony with the general laws of the state. (Ex parte Kearny, 55 Cal. 225; Dillon on Municipal Corporations, sec. 319.)
The act of which the petitioner was convicted is not enumerated among the crimes which are defined in the Penal Code, but is made an offense solely by virtue of the ordinance. The legislature has not deemed it necessary to prescribe any punishment therefor, ánd from the statutes which it has adopted upon kindred topics, the penalty allowed by the ordinance in question must be held to be not in harmony with its general policy. By the provisions of section 647 of the Penal Code, a person “ who lives in and about houses of ill-fame” is punishable only by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding ninety days; and by section 315 of that code the extent of punishment to be inflicted upon the person who “ keeps ” a house of ill-fame is limited to imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding six months, or a fine not exceeding five hundred dollar's, of both.
• We are of the opinion that so much of the ordinance *103in question as permits a fine of one thousand dollars to be imposed as the penalty for visiting a house of ill-fame is unreasonable, and not in harmony with the laws of the state, and therefore void. The petitioner must therefore be discharged from custody.
It is so ordered.
De Haven, J., Sharpstein, J., Paterson, J., Garoutte, J., and Beatty, C. J., concurred.
| 11,381 |
Subsets and Splits
Token Count by Language
Reveals the distribution of total tokens by language, highlighting which languages are most prevalent in the dataset.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Provides a detailed breakdown of document counts and total word/token counts for English documents in different collections and open types, revealing insights into data distribution and quantity.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Provides a count of items in each collection that are licensed under 'CC-By-SA', giving insight into the distribution of this license across different collections.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Counts the number of items in each collection that have a 'CC-By' license, providing insight into license distribution across collections.
Bulgarian Texts from Train Set
Retrieves all entries in the training set that are in Bulgarian, providing a basic filter on language.
License Count in Train Set
Counts the number of entries for each license type and orders them, providing a basic overview of license distribution.
Top 100 Licenses Count
Displays the top 100 licenses by their occurrence count, providing basic insights into which licenses are most common in the dataset.
Language Frequency in Dataset
Provides a simple count of each language present in the dataset, which is useful for basic understanding but limited in depth of insight.
French Spoken Samples
Limited to showing 100 samples of the dataset where the language is French and it's spoken, providing basic filtering without deeper insights.
GitHub Open Source Texts
Retrieves specific text samples labeled with their language from the 'Github Open Source' collection.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query performs basic filtering to retrieve specific records from the dataset, which could be useful for preliminary data exploration but does not provide deep insights.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query retrieves all English entries from specific collections, which provides basic filtering but minimal analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves all English language documents from specific data collections, useful for focusing on relevant subset but doesn't provide deeper insights or analysis.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves a specific subset of documents from the dataset, but does not provide any meaningful analysis or insights.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves a sample of 10,000 English documents from the USPTO with an open government type, providing a basic look at the dataset's content without deep analysis.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query performs basic filtering to retrieve entries related to English language, USPTO collection, and open government documents, offering limited analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves metadata of entries specifically from the USPTO collection in English, offering basic filtering.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query filters for English entries from specific collections, providing a basic subset of the dataset without deep analysis or insight.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query performs basic filtering, returning all rows from the 'StackExchange' collection where the language is 'English', providing limited analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query filters data for English entries from specific collections with an 'Open Web' type but mainly retrieves raw data without providing deep insights.
Filtered English Wikipedia Articles
Filters and retrieves specific English language Wikipedia entries of a certain length, providing a limited subset for basic exploration.
Filtered English Open Web Texts
Retrieves a subset of English texts with a specific length range from the 'Open Web', which provides basic filtering but limited insight.
Filtered English Open Culture Texts
Retrieves a sample of English texts from the 'Open Culture' category within a specific length range, providing a basic subset of data for further exploration.
Random English Texts <6500 Ch
Retrieves a random sample of 2000 English text entries that are shorter than 6500 characters, useful for quick data exploration but not revealing specific trends.
List of Languages
Lists all unique languages present in the dataset, which provides basic information about language variety but limited analytical insight.