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https://github.com/lTBeL/fiction/blob/master/app/src/main/java/sjj/novel/widget/RotateLoading2.kt
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,018 |
fiction
|
lTBeL
|
Kotlin
|
Code
| 51 | 153 |
package sjj.novel.widget
import android.content.Context
import android.util.AttributeSet
import com.victor.loading.rotate.RotateLoading
import sjj.alog.Log
class RotateLoading2 @JvmOverloads constructor(
context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet? = null, defStyleAttr: Int = 0
) : RotateLoading(context, attrs, defStyleAttr) {
fun setLoading(boolean: Boolean) {
if (boolean && !isStart) {
start()
} else if (!boolean && isStart) {
stop()
}
}
}
| 12,728 |
https://github.com/ChainGit/funny-demos/blob/master/demo05-convert-number-into-chinese/ConvertNum.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,018 |
funny-demos
|
ChainGit
|
Java
|
Code
| 904 | 2,917 |
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.Choice;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.TextField;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ItemEvent;
import java.awt.event.ItemListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedList;
public class ConvertNum {
private static final String[] xxpy = new String[] { "ling", "yi", "er", "san", "si", "wu", "liu", "qi", "ba",
"jiu" };
private static final String[] dxpy = new String[] { "LING", "YI", "ER", "SAN", "SI", "WU", "LIU", "QI", "BA",
"JIU" };
private static final String[] xxhz = new String[] { "零", "一", "二", "三", "四", "五", "六", "七", "八", "九" };
private static final String[] dxsz = new String[] { "零", "壹", "贰", "叁", "肆", "伍", "陆", "柒", "捌", "玖" };
private static final String[] xxpydw = { "", "shi", "bai", "qian", "", "wan", "yi" };// ge是""
private static final String[] dxpydw = { "", "SHI", "BAI", "QIAN", "", "WAN", "YI" };// ge是""
private static final String[] xxhzdw = { "", "十", "百", "千", "", "万", "亿" };// 个位是""
private static final String[] dxhzdw = { "", "拾", "佰", "仟", "", "万", "亿" };// 10,11,12,13,14,15,16
private String[] its = { "大写格式", "小写格式", "小写拼音", "大写拼音", };
private static String[] nums = null;
private static String[] units = null;
private Frame frm;
private Button btn;
private Choice cio;
private TextField tfdi, tfdo;
private LinkedList<Byte> dlst;
public ConvertNum() {
nums = dxsz;
units = dxhzdw;
init();
}
private void init() {
initFrame();
initFrameEvent();
initComponents();
initComponentsEvent();
frm.setVisible(true);
}
private void initComponentsEvent() {
tfdi.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER)
procConvert();
}
});
btn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
procConvert();
}
});
cio.addItemListener(new ItemListener() {
@Override
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
String str = (String) e.getItem();
if (str.equals(its[0])) {
nums = dxsz;
units = dxhzdw;
print(dlst);
} else if (str.equals(its[1])) {
nums = xxhz;
units = xxhzdw;
print(dlst);
} else if (str.equals(its[2])) {
nums = xxpy;
units = xxpydw;
print(dlst);
} else {
nums = dxpy;
units = dxpydw;
print(dlst);
}
}
});
}
private void initComponents() {
tfdi = new TextField(70);
frm.add(tfdi);
btn = new Button("转化");
frm.add(btn);
cio = new Choice();
for (String s : its)
cio.addItem(s);
frm.add(cio);
tfdo = new TextField(65);
frm.add(tfdo);
}
private void initFrameEvent() {
frm.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
private void initFrame() {
frm = new Frame("转化金额数字为文本");
frm.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
frm.setBounds(100, 200, 600, 110);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ConvertNum();
}
private void procConvert() {
String input = tfdi.getText();
if (input == null || input.length() < 1)
return;
char[] arr = input.toCharArray();
arr = preProcess(arr);
if (arr == null)
return;
LinkedList<Byte> dlst = change(arr);
print(dlst);
}
private char[] preProcess(char[] arr) {
// 判断长度
int len = arr.length;
if (len > 12) {
tfdo.setText("输入过长,最多支持12位!");
return null;
}
// 判断是否都是数字
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
if (arr[i] < 48 || arr[i] > 57) {
tfdo.setText("输入包含非数字!");
return null;
}
// 去除开头的零
boolean isZeroStart = arr[0] == 48 ? true : false;
int m = 0;
for (; isZeroStart && m < len; m++) {
if (arr[m] == 48)
continue;
else
break;
}
// 将数组重新整合
arr = Arrays.copyOfRange(arr, m, len);
len -= m;
// 打印最终预处理后的数组值
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
sb.append(arr[i]);
if (i < len - 1 && (len - i - 1) % 4 == 0)
sb.append(",");
}
tfdi.setText(sb.toString());
return arr;
}
private LinkedList<Byte> change(char[] arr) {
// 根据数组值转化为中间链表
dlst = new LinkedList<>();
int last = arr.length - 1;
for (int i = last; i > -1; i--) {
int p = last - i;
if (p % 4 == 0)
dlst.add((byte) (14 + p / 4));
int tmp = arr[i] - 48;
if (tmp != 0)
dlst.add((byte) (10 + p % 4));
// 不考虑特殊情况
dlst.add((byte) tmp);
}
Collections.reverse(dlst);
// 去除"10"读作十而非一十
if (dlst.get(0) == 1 && dlst.get(1) == 11)
dlst.remove(0);
// 将多余的0先变成-1
for (int i = 0; i < dlst.size(); i++)
if (dlst.get(i) == 0) {
int j = i + 1;
for (; j < dlst.size() && dlst.get(j) == 0; j++)
dlst.set(j, (byte) -1);
if (dlst.get(j) > 13)
dlst.set(i, (byte) -1);
i = j;
}
// 删除所有的-1
int len = dlst.size();
boolean isClear = false;
while (!isClear) {
isClear = true;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
if (dlst.get(i) == -1) {
dlst.remove(i);
isClear = false;
len--;
}
}
// 删除没有意义的""
len = dlst.size();
isClear = false;
while (!isClear) {
isClear = true;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
int b = dlst.get(i);
if (b == 10 || b == 14) {
isClear = false;
dlst.remove(i);
len--;
}
}
}
// 删除亿万连在一起
len = dlst.size();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
if (dlst.get(i) == 16 && dlst.get(i + 1) == 15) {
dlst.remove(i + 1);
break;
}
// 删除亿万开头
if (dlst.get(0) == 16 || dlst.get(0) == 15)
dlst.remove(0);
// tfdo.setText(dlst);
return dlst;
}
private void print(LinkedList<Byte> arr) {
if (arr == null)
return;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int last = arr.size() - 1;
for (int i = 0; i < last; i++) {
int da = arr.get(i);
if (da == 10 || da == 14 || da == -1)
continue;
else if (da < 10)
sb.append(nums[da]);
else
sb.append(units[da - 10]);
if (da != 14 || da != 10)
sb.append(" ");
}
int tmp = arr.get(last);
if (tmp < 10)
sb.append(nums[tmp]);
else
sb.append(units[tmp - 10]);
tfdo.setText(sb.toString());
}
}
| 11,887 |
US-37487206-A_1
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,006 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 3,586 | 5,086 |
Nocturnal muscle enhancing composition and method
ABSTRACT
A method and nutrient supplement composition for nocturnal administration to human subjects where the nutrient supplement composition includes both a sustained timed release portion and a rapid release portion, both portions containing a mixture of edible food proteins and edible amino acid building blocks with a portion of these key components being microencapsulated for sustained timed release in a the human body during the growth hormone spikes that generally occur during nocturnal sleep.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to health supplements and, more particularly, to novel systems and methods for counteracting nocturnal post-absorptive muscle catabolism using slowly assimilated proteins, herbs, and minerals.
BACKGROUND
Nocturnal Post-Absorptive Muscle Catabolism, known in bodybuilding circles as “NPMC”, is a subject very few trainers and bodybuilding experts know how to address. It is widely known that NPMC reduces muscle growth during what should be the most productive muscle-building cycle: during sleep. In the past, there has been nothing that could be done about this phenomena.
NPMC is a naturally occurring phenomena in the human body. It occurs every night during the later hours of sleep, after the release of the body's growth hormone has abated, and drastically cuts the body's ability to synthesize new protein.
Understanding the causes of NPMC requires returning to the fundamental understanding of how and why the human body builds muscle. When a person stresses his or her muscles past their normal capacity, microscopic “rips” or “tears” are produced deep in muscle tissue. Repairing these rips or tears during recovery adds mass (growth) to the muscles. Recovery, therefore, is an essential concept to producing muscle growth and is achieved, in part, by proper rest.
Another key to achieving muscle growth and repair is having an adequate supply of available proteins when growth hormone is released by the body. Important to this concept is that about 90% of the body's daily supply of growth hormone is released during the first four (4) hours that a person sleeps. Thus, during this all-important period of sleep, compound proteins and nutrients need to be made readily available to muscles, so that the body can successfully perform the muscle-repairing, muscle-rebuilding processes that ultimately result in increased muscle size and strength.
“High Tech” protein supplements in the forms of solid foods and drinks abound. Therefore, one might naturally attempt to wake up during the night to consume one of the many protein supplements during this four (4) hour “peak” of growth hormone production. The fact is, this method does not work and may actually be counterproductive to gaining lean muscle mass. This is because high-tech protein compounds, by their very nature, have been designed and developed for rapid absorption.
Highly specialized “workout” proteins, while effective in enhancing muscle growth when used just before and just after strength training, can't help overcome sleep-induced muscle catabolism because they are assimilated so rapidly. In addition, their proteins are rapidly used up after only the first hour or so of sleep, leaving little protein to be used as “muscle-building blocks” during the most productive period of “Delta” (slow-wave) sleep, when about 90% of the body's growth hormone is released. Waking up in the middle of the night to consume another serving of a typical “high tech” protein supplement is ultimately counterproductive, since the practice results in disruption of sleep patterns, increased cortisol and decreased testosterone. These “stress factors” greatly reduce the probability that the protein serving will contribute to protein synthesis and will also disrupt whatever constructive synthesis may be taking place at the moment of waking. The only viable solution to the problem is invention envisioned herein, whereby proteins, fats and carbohydrates are provided in a manner that doesn't disrupt slow wave sleep, GH release or IG-F metabolism, but in fact helps to promote them.
Therefore, in order to combat NPMC and maximize muscle growth, necessary proteins and nutrients need to be provided to the body to utilize during this growth hormone “spike” and subsequent increase in endogenous IGF-I levels that occurs secondary to the growth hormone a spike and lasts for several hours. Providing proteins and nutrients throughout the night time period is important in order to make full use of the anabolic and anticatabolic properties of both GH and IGF-I In this way, muscle and strength loss due to sleep induced catabolism may be reduced. That is, the body needs to be provided with the proper building blocks during the NPMC stage in order to maximize muscle growth.
BRIEF SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF INVENTION
In view of the foregoing, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a combined timed-and rapid nocturnal release protein and nutrient composition and a method for oral nocturnal administration of this composition to human subjects to contribute to muscle size and growth in these human subjects, while reducing the effects of nocturnal post-absorptive muscle catabolism.
Consistent with the foregoing objects, and in accordance with the invention as embodied and broadly described herein, both a method and nutrient supplement composition for nocturnal administration are provided where the nutrient supplement composition includes a sustained timed release portion and a rapid release portion, both portions containing a mixture of edible food proteins and edible amino acid building blocks. A portion of these key components are microencapsulated for sustained timed release in the body during the growth hormone spikes that generally occur during nocturnal sleep. Administration of the sustained release portion acts to complement the components administered in rapid release form. In addition, the supplement of the present invention helps counteract “Nocturnal Post-Absorptive Muscle Catabolism” following the release of growth hormone and subsequently IGF-I in the body due to its sustained and rapid release portions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with this invention, a composition and method of administering this composition to human subjects have been discovered which enhance or promote muscle growth in these human subjects. In this manner a method for building muscle mass (protein) occurs during deep nocturnal sleep when the body produces peak natural growth hormone release by the pituitary gland.
In accordance with this invention, muscle growth is provided during sleep by orally administering a nutritional supplement, containing a mixture of nutritional food proteins and edible amino acids, in two portions to the human subject just prior to retiring for nighttime sleep. The first portion of this mixture is administered in the form of microencapsulated particles containing this mixture for sustained time release during the sleep period and the second portion of this mixture is administered in the form for rapid release during the sleep period.
In this manner the release of these proteins and amino acids occurs to coincide with the bodies' peak release of natural growth hormones. In this way the NPMC can be reduced and new muscle proteins can be synthesized.
Through the method using the nutritional supplement composition of this invention, muscle mass is built during the period of diurnal sleep cycle popularly known as deep sleep or Delta sleep, in association with the normal diurnal release by the pituitary gland of growth hormone. This nutritional supplement supplies the needed anabolic and anti-catabolic nutrients. This is the precise time of the 24 hour day in which high growth hormone levels are present, which utilize the nutrients for anabolic purposes. In this manner the need to catabolize proteins from other tissues to meet the anabolic demand put on the body by this growth hormone release is substantially reduced.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with this invention, a nutritional supplement composition and method for administering this composition to human subjects is provided to promote or enhance muscle growth by administering the composition so it is effective during the peak hours when proteins are catabolized to meet the bodies by high growth hormone release.
This method comprises orally administering to a human subject, just prior to nighttime sleep, a mixture of nutritional food proteins and edible amino acids at a daily dosage of from about 10 to about 250 grams, preferably from about 10 to about 150 grams and most preferably from about 10 to about 50 grams. This mixture, which contains nutritional food proteins and edible amino acids, can be administered in such a way that a portion of this mixture of nutritional food proteins and edible amino acids is microencapsulated for sustained release while the remaining or second portion of this mixture is in a form for simple, rapid release. These two portions can be orally administered in two separate doses or administered as a single oral dose. For example these two potions can be taken together as a powder which is mixed with an edible liquid, such as, water, milk, juice, etc. and drunk before going to bed. When the compositions of this invention are prepared as a powder in a single unit dosage form they contain from about 10 to about 250 grams of the aforementioned mixture of nutritional food proteins and edible amino acids. Generally it is preferred that these unit dosage forms contain these mixtures in an amount of from about 10 to about 100 grams and most preferably from about 10 to about 50 grams. In the case where the mixture is administered as a powder for addition to an edible liquid, the powdered composition containing the mixture of nutritional food proteins and edible amino acids can be formulated as individual packets which contain from about 10 grams to about 50 grams of this mixture On the other hand, the powdered mixture can be formulated into any conventional unit oral dosage form such as tablets, capsules, etc. If desired these unit dosage forms containing both the time release and the rapid release form can be prepared in divided unit dosage forms so that when administered they can provide a total dose of from about 10 to about 50 grams of the mixture to the subject on a daily basis before the subject retires to sleep. In accordance with this invention, the composition should be administered during nighttime just before the human subject retires to bed for extended sleep. Generally, the mixture is administered within two hours prior to retiring for nocturnal sleep. In general, best results are achieved when the mixture is administered within one half hour prior to retiring for nocturnal sleep.
It has been found that best results are achieved when the nightly administration occurs where the mixture contains from about 15% to about 70% by weight of the mixture (preferably from about 30% to 70% by weight) of nutritional food proteins and edible amino acids administered in the sustained release form, i.e., in the microencapsulated form and the remainder of the mixture being administered in said rapid release form. While good results are achieved through the use of these proportions of the sustained release to the rapid release forms of the mixture, it is preferred to utilize approximately equal proportions of this mixture for a given nightly administration, i.e., from about 45% to about 55% by weight being administered in the slow release form with the remainder of the mixture being administered in rapid release form.
In addition, the results of this invention are achieved by providing a mixture, which contains from about 10% to about 95% by weight of the mixture of the edible nutritional food proteins and the remainder, i.e., from about 5% to about 90% by weight of mixture, of the edible dietary amino acids. However, best results are achieved by providing a mixture of from about 65% to about 95% of the protein with the remainder being the amino acids in an amount of from about 5% to about 35% by weight of the mixture. In accordance with this invention any of the conventional, nutritional proteins contained in food can be utilized to provide the proteins in this mixture. Among the preferred proteins are milk proteins, whey proteins, wheat proteins, soy proteins or mixtures thereof. These edible food proteins are the important proteins in muscles building. Furthermore, any of the conventional amino acids which are edible can be utilized in this invention. Among the preferred amino acids are the essential amino acids, i.e., leucine, lysine, threonine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, methionine or tryptophan, as well as conventional edible dietary amino acids such as arginine, cysteine, cystine, glutamine, histadine, alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glycine, ornithine, serine, proline, tyrosine or mixtures thereof.
In preparing microencapsulated sustained release portion containing the mixture of dietary proteins and amino acids, any conventional means of microencapsulating this powdered mixture in a sustained release coating or semi-permeable membrane can be utilized. Microencapsulation is a known method whereby tiny particles of gas, liquid or solid, used as the active ingredient are enclosed in a secondary material in order to shield the active ingredient from its surrounding environment. The microcapsules of this invention may measure from about two microns to several millimeters for the purpose of releasing the mixture of nutritional food proteins and edible amino acids in a sustained manner. General procedures for forming microcapsules for sustained release dispensing of pharmaceuticals are disclosed in various U.S. patents such as U.S. Pat. No. 5,192,549 and are conventional in the art. They utilize organic polymers which are tough yet flexible and form the outer skin for final microcapsule. In accordance with the composition of this invention, these microcapsules are solid and can be mixed together with the second or rapid release portion to form a powder that can be utilized for administering the dietary proteins and amino acids mixture. As previously pointed out these powders can be used as individual packets or further formulated into oral dosage forms if desired in accordance with usual tablet or capsule forming methods.
In accordance with a further embodiment of this invention, various ingredients which enhance the activity of this composition can be added to the composition to augment or enhance the properties of the aforementioned mixture. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, the composition contains in addition to the mixture, conventional anabolic materials suitable for human ingestion in an amount of from about 2% to about 10% by weight of the total composition. Any conventional anabolic material, suitable for human ingestion, can be utilized such as vitamin B6, zinc chelazome and magnesium aspartate. Generally these materials are present in the rapid release portion in an amount of from about 2% to about 10% by weight based upon the weight of the entire composition. In these compositions these dietary edible anabolic agents enhance the activity of the protein and amino acid mixture in building body mass. They also increase protein synthesis. In addition to anabolic agents it is preferred that the composition contain nutritional agents such as micronutrients. These micronutrients are present in the rapid release portion in an amount of from about 0.1% to 2% by weight of the total composition. Any conventional edible or dietary micronutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin E, selenium and copper can be present. The micronutrients also enhance the synthesis of proteins. Additionally, if desired the composition may contain nutritional agents such as dietary fats and carbohydrates that aid in the anabolic functions. These dietary fats and carbohydrates are usually present in the rapid release potion of this composition in an amount of from about 5% to 25% by weight, based upon the weight of the total composition. Among the dietary fats and carbohydrates are included dietary fats such as liquid soy and lecithin and carbohydrates such as fructose and fructo-oligosaccharide.
In addition it is also desirable to incorporate edible sleep inducing agents in this composition to ensure that deep sleep is produced and that there is a release of human growth hormone by the pituitary gland so that it coincides with the release of the dietary proteins and amino acids from the composition of this invention. Any conventional dietary accepted sleeping agent such as passion flower extract, chamomile extract, valerian root extract or melatonin can be incorporated into the composition of this invention for the purpose of inducing sleep. Generally these sleep inducing agents are present in the rapid release portion in an amount of from 0.1% to 1% by weight based upon the total weight of the composition. In addition, various ingredients such as L-taurine and acetyl-L-carnitine can be added for increasing a nighttime release of growth hormone and coinciding this release with the release of the dietary and nutrient proteins and amino acids.
The composition of this invention, may contain conventional carriers flavorents, coloring agents and/or other incipients to enhance the taste, feel and flavor of the composition. These include such ingredients as sucrose, sweeteners, or flavorings, etc. In addition, vitamins, herbs, minerals and nutrients can be added to this composition and provide desired properties which are conventional in the art.
Some modifications to the embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art by the foregoing description. The description and the following examples are to be considered as illustrative only for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art how to carry out the invention.
EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of 48 gram Powder Grams % by weight Microencapsulated Protein Mix Milk Protein concentrate: 3.0 g 6.3% Whey Protein concentrate: 3.0 g 6.3% L-Leucine 0.6 g 1.3% Isoleucine 0.3 g 0.6% Valine 0.3 g 0.6% Glutamine 1.0 mg TOTAL 7.2 g 15.1% Above Microencapsulated Protein Whey Protein concentrate: 8.407 1 7.52% Milk Protein concentrate: 7.600 15.83% Wheat Protein concentrate: 2.250 4.69% L-leucine 1.140 2.38% Isoleucine 0.370 0.77% Valine 0.320 0.67% Fructose 7.678 16.00% Acesulfame K 0.090 0.19% Cocoa 10/12 3.750 7.81% Vanilla Flavor 0.225 0.47% Soy creamer 4.950 10.31% Fructo-oligosaccharide 0.450 0.94% Vitamin Blend 0.090 0.19% Vitamin A 1250 IU Vitamin E 7.5 IU Selenium 17.5 mcg Copper .5 mg Soy Oil 0.405 0.84% Lecithin 0.225 0.47% Anabolic Mix Magnesium aspartate 2.300 4.79% Zinc chelazome 0.144 0.30% Vit B6 0.01125 0.02% DEEP SLEEP MIX Passion Flower Extract 0.1125 0.23% (1.5% isoflavones) Chamomile Extract 0.1125 0.23% (1.2% flavonoids) Valerian root Extract 0.16875 0.35% (0.85 valeric acid) TOTAL 48.000 g 100.00%
EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of 45.15 gram Packet Grams % by weight Microencapsulated Protein Mix Milk Protein concentrate: 3.0 g 6.3% Whey Protein concentrate: 3.0 g 6.3% L-Leucine 0.6 g 1.3% Isoleucine 0.3 g 0.6% Valine 0.3 g 0.6% Glutamine 0.001 g TOTAL 7.2 g 15.9% Above Microencapsulated Protein Mix Whey Protein concentrate: 8.407 18.62% Milk Protein concentrate: 7.600 16.83% Wheat Protein concentrate: 2.250 4.98% L-leucine 1.140 2.52% Isoleucine 0.370 0.82% Valine 0.320 0.71% Fructose 7.678 17.01% Acesulfame K 0.090 0.20% Cocoa 10/12 3.750 8.30% Vanilla Flavor 0.225 0.50% Soy creamer 4.950 10.96% Fructo-oligosaccharide 0.450 1.00% Vitamin Blend 0.090 0.20% Vitamin A 1250 IU Vitamin E 7.5 IU Selenium 17.5 mcg Copper .5 mg Soy Oil 0.405 0.90% Lecithin 0.225 0.50% TOTAL 45.151 g 100.00%
EXAMPLE 3
Preparation of 48 grams of the Composition Grams % by weight Microencapsulated Protein Mix Milk Protein concentrate: 3.0 6.2% Whey Protein concentrate: 3.0 6.2% L-Leucine 0.6 1.3% Isoleucine 0.3 0.6% Valine 0.3 0.6% Glutamine 0.001 — TOTAL 7.201 g 14.9% Above Microencapsulated Protein Mix Whey Protein concentrate: 8.407 17.48% Milk Protein concentrate: 7.600 15.80% Wheat Protein concentrate: 2.250 4.68% L-leucine 1.140 2.37% Isoleucine 0.370 0.77% Valine 0.320 0.66% Glutamine Peptide 0.500 1.04% Fructose 7.678 15.96% Acesulfame K 0.090 0.19% Cocoa 10/12 3.750 7.80% Vanilla Flavor 0.225 0.47% Soy creamer 4.950 10.29% Fructo-oligosaccharide 0.450 0.93% Vitamin Blend 0.090 0.19% Vitamin A 1250 IU Vitamin E 7.5 IU Selenium 17.5 mcg Copper .5 mg Soy Oil 0.405 0.84% Lecithin 0.225 0.47% A-C Mix: Bovine Colostrum - 10% 0.750 1.56% Taurine 1.0 2.08% Acetyl-L-Carnitine (HCL) 0.400 0.83% Alpha Lipoic Acid 0.100 0.21% NIGHTTIME FORMULA 4: DEEP SLEEP MIX Passion Flower Extract 0.0563 0.12% (1.5% isoflavones) Chamomile Extract 0.0563 0.12% (1.2% flavonoids) Valerian root Extract 0.0844 0.17% (0.85 valeric acid) Melatonin 0.0005 — TOTAL 48.0980 g 100.00%
1. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the nutritional food proteins are present in the mixture in an amount of from about 10% to about 95% by weight of the mixture and the amino acids are present in an amount of from about 5% to about 90% by weight of the mixture.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the mixture is administered within two hours prior to nocturnal sleep.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the two portions are administered so that from about 15% to about 70% by weight of the mixture is administered in said sustained release form with from about 30% to about 85% of the mixture being administered in said rapid release form.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the mixture is administered as a solid powder which is mixed into a liquid carrier suitable for oral ingestion.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixture further includes one or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of: aspartic acid, asparagines, glycine, ornithine, serine, glutamine, arginine, cysterine, histadine, proline or mixtures thereof.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture further comprises from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of an anabolic mixture.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the anabolic mixture comprises at least one of vitamin B6, zinc chelazome, and magnesium aspartate.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture further comprises a sleep enhancing mixture selected from the group consisting of passion flower extract, chamomile extract, valerian root extract, melatonin, and mixtures thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the proteins are present in the mixture in an amount of from about 65% to about 95% by weight of the mixture..
| 34,093 |
https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%20%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%20%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%27%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B9
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
উতবাহ ইবনে রাবি'আহ
|
https://bn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=উতবাহ ইবনে রাবি'আহ&action=history
|
Bengali
|
Spoken
| 84 | 486 |
উতবাহ ইবন রাবি'আহ () (আ.৫৬৩-৬২৪), যিনি আবুল ওয়ালিদ ( নামেও পরিচিত ছিলেন) ছিলেন কুরাইশ বংশের বনু তামিম গোত্রের একজন অন্যতম অংশীবাদী (মুশরিক) নেতা এবং মুসলিমদের প্রতিপক্ষ। তিনি হিন্দ বিনতে উতবাহ,ওয়ালিদ ইবনে উতবাহ এবং আবু হুযাইফা ইবন উতবার পিতা ছিলেন। তিনি তার কন্যাকে কুরাইশের আরেক নেতা আবু সুফিয়ান ইবন হারবের সাথে বিয়ে দিয়েছিলেন।
মৃত্যু
উতবাহ ইবন রাবি'আহ বদরের যুদ্ধে হামযা কর্তৃক সম্মুখ সমরে পরাস্ত ও নিহত হন।
তথ্যসূত্র
৫৬০-এর দশকে জন্ম
৬২৪-এ মৃত্যু
৬ষ্ঠ শতাব্দীর আরব ব্যক্তি
৭ম শতাব্দীর আরব ব্যক্তি
বদর যুদ্ধে নিহত সাহাবা
| 34,675 |
sn85033781_1890-02-05_1_1_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,890 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 3,355 | 4,965 |
ill VOLUME XXXV. NUMBER 50. PAW PAW, VAN BUREN COUNTY, MICHIGAN, FEBRUARY 5, 1890. WHOLE NUMBER 1820. W. j SELLICK & SON-DRY r Now is AND TO Z3TJ""ST p 11 Ul Or, if it is CHILDREN'S GARMENTS you aro in need, of wo can assuro you Than you havo ever dreamed of. On many Garments PRICES ARE CUT IN TWO! lave Ton Sees Our 80.00 0 That we are selling for $5.00. They cost $6.00 to Manufacture. "WE ALSO HAVE ALL-WOOL OVERCOAT, SELLING AT $7.50. Actually worth $12.00 To bo had only at SEXJLiXCOS: c5s SOHST'S. N. B. Berlin Zephyrs, in all Colors, only 5 cents an ounce. . E. OILMAN BOOTS AND SHOES. Wishing to go Out of Business ! I O I'M" I E1TTIEE STOCZ: E00TS m SHOES AT AGTUAL'GOST! EVERYTHING GOING WITH A RUSH. OIL8Q0RROW HARDWARE. FRED. BILSB0RR0W WOULD CALL THE ESPECIAL ATTENTION OF ALL TO THE FACT THAT HE CARRIES THE FINEST LINE OF Ever Brought Our Stock is, as usual, full of SHELF and HEAVY HARDWARE in all its details. DOZ TTS OVEE. N. B.Wc handle the STOVE in this market. QOODS, BOOTS AND SHOES. the Day ! una Ktln wnoac3BfitaaBsJ mug C It to this Market. ONLY GENUINE ROUND OAK Fred. Bilsborrow. TRUE NORTHERNER, MAKl'IN & lvTON, riihlUhfiM. a. mai;t:x, C. L. KATON, MAN AO Kit KDITOli Largest Circulation in the Coimiy. -sunscKirnox, l.."o a ykak. BUSINESS NOTICES. Heekert .t Cliiiinllcr, Attorneys and Solicitors. Do h general law business. Taw, Mich. ITS 'i. r.. u imieii. ;j. i.. I'm planning to visit our store, located at the corner of Main and Washington Streets. We offer a wide variety of products, including those for the kitchen, kitchen, and kitchen. Our store is known for its high-quality products, and we strive to provide our customers with the best possible service. At the store, we understand the importance of quality and service. We strive to provide our customers with the best possible service. Whether you're looking for a new piece of furniture, a unique piece of furniture, or simply want to browse our extensive inventory, we have something for everyone. At the store, we understand the importance of quality and service. We strive to provide our customers with the best possible service. Our team of experts is here to assist you with all your needs. At the store, we understand the importance of quality and service. We strive to provide our customers with the best possible service. Whether you're looking for a new piece of furniture, a unique piece of furniture, or simply want to browse our extensive inventory, we have something for everyone. We understand the importance of quality and service. We strive to provide our customers with the best possible service. Our team of experts is here to assist you with all your needs. We invite you to visit our store today to see our latest offerings and to experience the difference of quality and service. We look forward to serving you soon. Physician and Surgeon, Paw Paw Mich. Office in Louisville Block. Special attention given to diseases of the Lungs, Liver and Kidneys, Private Diseases, Piles and Female Complaints to all Chronic Diseases. City Market. Try the City market, first door east of Chappell's, where you will find everything new, neat and clean. Fresh, smoked, dried and salt meats; choice beef, pork, veal, lamb, hams, bacon, lard, corned beef, sausage, etc. Foultry, game, fish and oysters in season. The highest market price paid for fat cattle, sheep and hogs. Cash for hides and pelts. W. H. Wilson. 1781tf For Sale or Rent. The house and lot formerly occupied by Jas. A. Leach, on the west side of the river. Impure of John I. Harkness. The Willard Home Farm. As a 10-cent.chich and sale sale. Don't leave your teams standing out in the "weather" any more. Sale of Sackey Iron. Capital Stock $50,000. F. W. Stokes, Pres., E. A. Chase, Vice Pres., E. A. Chase, Vice Pres., John V. Freck, Cashier. Board of Directors. J. J. Woodman, Daniel Lyle, John H. T. Har, William Lyle, John W. Fbee, Edwin Mabtin, F. W. Stokes, William J. Stokes, Edgab A. Chase. Turn Wanted. I will pay the highest market price for furs of all kinds delivered at my office in Paw Paw. H. P. McFadden. W.C.J. V. Fishel, L.L.D. Dental Parlor. Painless extraction of teeth by the use of Nitrous Oxide Gas. Single extraction, twenty-five cents. Special attention given to the preservation of the natural teeth. Satisfaction guaranteed. Rooms over Savings Bank, Paw Paw, Mien. Money on Farm. On long time, easy payments and moderate rates. Large sums preferred. Cane & Harkness. Go to Schaefer. Hert T. Hryar, Agent for some of the oldest Fire Insurance Companies in America. Office over Avery's store. Office over Avery's store. Photography at Lawton. I have come to Lawton to stay and will offer a great inducement to all who want pictures, as follows: I will make my best cabinets in certain styles for $2.00 per dozen and guarantee satisfaction. Place your orders for holiday pictures early as we are apt to have a good deal of dark weather at this time of year. Call and see my frames. I also have constantly on hand a complete line of Picture Frames. Satisfaction guaranteed. K. CILLIS, Went Lawton, Midi. "Miller, the Tailor, Can put you up as nice, neat and nobby a suit of clothes, at as low a cost, as an tailor in the country. Work first-class. Fit guaranteed. Pepairing done. Rooms in the new Longwell block, Paw Paw, Mich. fT-ly Dyckman Line Livery Line. I take pleasure in announcing to my friends and the public that I have purchased from J. M. Longwell the stock, fixtures and good-will of the Dyckman House Livery and Feed Pains, including the 'Pus Line and Drays, and respectfully solicit a share of the public patronage. Careful and trustworthy ostlers always in attendance. Mtf Frank Clancy The national bank of Paw Paw. ESTABLISHED 1866. Capital $100,000 Surplus and Undivided Profits. $12,000 Additional Liability of Stockholder $100,000 K. Smith, K. F. Parks, President. Cashier. A general banking business transacted. Different kinds on Certificate of Deposit, For Sale. The subscriber has two houses and lots for sale in the village of Paw Paw. For Sale. The subscriber has two houses and lots for sale in the village of Paw Paw. For Sale. I have a full blood Jersey Hull at my barn in Paw Paw. Paw, at the service of breeders. Terms, $2 the season. O. K. HUTCHINSON. Improved farms and wood lots, from 20 acres up. Also village property. The Union House. I would announce to the public that I have thoroughly renovated the Union House, outside and inside; newly furnished it, and added commodious sample rooms for the convenience of commercial travelers. No pains will be spared to make the Union worthy of a share of the public patronage. Good stabling in connection with the house. Terms, $7.50 per day, or $5 per week. I. Wilson Lk Prop'r. W. It. Unit km. Broker. Money loaned and collections made in all parts of Van Buren county. Hemittances promptly made. Office opposite Dyckman House, Paw Paw, Mich. For Sale. One Percheron work, I make the following desirable proposition to my patrons: One dozen cabinets and an enlarged 10x20 picture for only $0.00. A large supply of frames and mouldings constantly on hand. Easels in great variety. The firm of Hartram & Millington having been dissolved by mutual consent, the subscribers request the settlement of all accounts owing to them at once to save costs. Call at the "Wolverine." E. W. Harkins, 20th F. S. Millington. Local Department. Geo. C. Lawton was among our callers yesterday. John McMillan, of Keeler, was in Paw Paw last Saturday. K. W. Noves is putting a new coat of shingles on his dwelling. No pains were spared by its promoters to make the Carnival a success. President Dodge, of the village of Lawton, was on our streets Saturday. K. W. Noves has been making a short visit to family and friends in Paw Paw. Jason Woodman, Lecturer of the State Grange, is in Branch county this week. Geo. H. Brooks was analyzed before Justice Mason last Thursday. Result acquittal. Capt. and Mrs. Whitmer, of Sturgis, spent Sunday in town, guests at the M. H. parsonage. Commander Geo. H. Prentice, of Lawton, was granted an increase of pension last week. Very little sympathy is felt for a calf that will persistently tip over the pail and spill the milk. Nothing like it has been seen in Paw Paw before. Like what? Why, like the Carnival, of course. C. S. Adams, the live hardware man, of Lawton, made a business trip to the county seat last Saturday. Uncle Charles Hilsborough is quite sick. We hope to be able to chronicle his complete recovery soon. Dr. E. W. Hartram is in Detroit attending the sessions of the State Veterinary Medical Association. Dr. and Mrs. McCahon, formerly of Paw Paw, now of Newark, Ohio, are the parents of a fine boy baby. Everybody, in company with his wife, is The Sisters, cousins and aunts, attended the Business Men's Carnival last night. The members of Brodhead post have arranged for and will hereafter hold their meetings in the Grand Hall. It is believed that this change will meet with the approval of all of the boys. Head what the new firm of L. Pellegrino & Co. have to say in this issue. Henry Shaefer makes an attractive offer in his new "ad." this week. Miss Georgie Koons is visiting her friend, Miss Laura Johnson, in Kalamazoo. W. H. Galpin, of Kalamazoo, is spending a few days in Paw Paw, the guest of Ed. Hawkins. The Opera House ought to be crowded on the occasion of the presentation of the cantata Queen Esther. We print a well-written article this week on the Michigan Pension Agency, taken from the Lawton Librarian. W. H. Sellick & Son are offering some interesting inducements. It will pay you to look over their large stock. To give a list of those suffering from the grippe, would be to name a large majority of residents of the village. Dana P. Smith has finally located at Jacksonville, Florida. He is in the employ of the Everett Hotel as chief engineer. The remains of the late Mrs. H. C. Nash were given final sepulture in the family lot at Prospect Hill last Thursday afternoon. The praise service, given at the M. E. church last Sunday evening, was of a very interesting character, and was largely attended. About one half the working force of this office is tired of the grippe; the other half "no better than they ought to be." Married, in Paw Paw, Feb 4th, 1891, by Rev. H. P. Talley, Eugene E. Anderson, of Three Oaks. and Miss Nina Howe, of Lawrence. S. P. Wilson, of South Haven, made us a very pleasant call yesterday. Sam reports business as good, family well and prospects flattering. The following letters remained uncalled for at the post office in this village, on the 8th, inst: Mrs. Elizabeth Clum, and Mrs. Lizzie Smith. The boys who have got skates and sleds are in despair, while those who have neither take a very philosophical view of the weather, and say it is all right. C. W. Reynolds read an interesting paper before the Paw Paw grange at its session last Friday night. His subject was: "Life as a bachelor; or ill experience in butter making." Everyone is expecting to witness the crowning musical event of the season Queen Esther. If careful, painstaking effort, coupled with good musical talent, will insure success, no fears need be indulged in regarding the result of this entertainment. A large number of witnesses have been summoned to appear in behalf of the people in the Tabor disbarment case which opens today. We understand that Tabor has summoned not less than a hundred on his side. The case will doubtless be an interesting one. Thos. H. Hill, of Mattawan, was lodged in McFarlin's boarding house last Friday by Under Sheriff McCabe, on account of his failure to pay the costs of his recent trial on the charge of trespass. Hill announces his intention to remain in jail till his wife wearies of paying for his board. M. J. Fanning, the well-known temperance orator, of Jackson, will speak in Paw Paw on Tuesday, the 18th inst. His subject will be "The County Option Movement." It is hoped that all interested in this important matter will hear him. The place of meeting is not yet determined. M. J. Fanning, of Jackson, the well-known temperance orator, will speak in the interest of the County Option movement in Van Buren county as follows: At Hartford, Thursday, February 13th; Lawrence, Friday, 11th; Hanover, Saturday, 10th; South Haven, Sunday, 11th; Charles, Monday, 17th; Paw Paw, Tuesday, 18th; Decatur, Wednesday, 19th. At the Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge held at Lansing last week, Hon. John S. Cross, of Hunger, was elected Grand Master for the ensuing year. That Mr. Cross will fill this important place with ability, there can be no doubt. He has held various subordinate positions in that both, and enjoys the confidence of all with whom he has been associated. He will make a dignified, courteous and conscientious presiding officer. Mrs. Lucinda Tuckey, mother of John and Thos. Tuckey, of this place, died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. S. Britton, in Kalamazoo, January 26th. The funeral services were conducted by Rev. Mr. Armstrong, of the M. E. church. Deceased was early left a widow with a family of young children to care for, which task she performed by her own unaided efforts, rearing her children as only a Christian mother can. For the past seven years Mrs. Tuckey has been the victim of paralysis and during the last months of her life was a great sufferer, but in all her trials she was sustained by an unfaltering Christian. Faith. A Vealy IN'Traln. 'Twas a kiltny, sprightly morn Win 11 the O'ur, r calf KOt louse. An l i rickly spf l away I mm tli worn and Moketi noose; Ailown tl.e suet t it ('! I'ost store, ami mill, ami cot. An 1 rri I. witli very hl.it. I'.-ivrott! l'.o)C;tt! boycott! Tl. In the midst of the tumult, the scene shifts to the scene, a testament to the enduring spirit of the community. The scene shifts to the scene, a testament to the enduring spirit of the community. The judge, Mr. T. H. Kply and family, of Pawtucket, California, and Mrs. George Garfield, of Olivet, Eaton County, Michigan, are visiting at Mr. H. M. Hall's, near Pawtucket. Our music-loving citizens are promised a rich treat, in the cantata of Queen Esther, which is in process of preparation. The best musical talent of this vicinity is engaged in its interest and there can be no doubt regarding the outcome. Lawyers Houleman, of Kalamazoo, and Tryon, of Dowagiac, are in Pawtucket to assist Mr. Tabor in the conduct of his defense in the disbarment case. Judge Noah P. Loveridge, of Coldwater, is occupying the place of Judge Buck during the trial. The large, enthusiastic, and appreciative audience is here. In attendance at the Business Men's Carnival last night, must have been very pleasing to those ladies who have given so much attention to the preparation of the interesting programme presented. The result must have been pleading to them beyond their most sanguine expectations. Similar entertainments have been held in various of our sister villages with invariably pleasing results. Pearl Pritchard personated Uncle Sam to perfection. McKellar was fortunate in making the selection. The banners of the different business firms were very pretty and most excellent taste was shown in their arrangement. The M. E. Aid Society desires to extend thanks to the young ladies and others who contributed so much to the success of the Carnival. The following ladies took part in the Carnival and dressed in appropriate and becoming costumes, presented a charming appearance as they were grouped together upon the stage. Misses Frankie Grannis, Eva Sexton, Jennie Whitmer, Lizzie Pugley, Lulu Hall, Annice Moon, Clara Haydon, Anna Whitman, Nellie Lewis, Cora Sheldon, Rose Hinckley, Lottie Showerman, Jennie Towers, Host; Jordan, Jennie Bishop, Ellie Owen, Eva Brown, Mabel Cinnings, Nellie Richardson, Florence Hutler, Julia Amiable, Nina Hubert, Kittie McFarlin, Jessie Chapin, Lillie Welch, Ella Stevens, Daisy Longwell, Lena Hubert, Chloe Winchell, Ada Engle, Hertha Setchell, Clara Melchor, Kittie Huckhout, Vein Van Fossen, Sadie Whitman, Minnie Welch, Lula Sherman, Hena Cross, Lile Huckhout, Jennie Hale, Eva McCabe, Cora Hinckley, Jennie Horning, Mrs. Connor, Mrs. Hassett and Mrs. Briggs of The Landmarks. Col. Hawkins of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Iowa, saw Michigan Lone Age. Paw Paw, Jan. One of the landmarks of this county is Win. H. Hawkins, familiar known as Col. Hawkins, although the only claim he has to a military title is his intense patriotism and his geniality. The colonel, who is about 30 years of age, was one of the pioneers of this county, and nothing delights him more than to relate his experience of the early days, when western Michigan was little less than a howling wilderness. By close attention to business, he has accumulated a snug little fortune. For 111:1113' 3'ears he has been engaged in the business of a broker and money lender. Main stories are told about his anxiety for percent, but, really, he is honorable in his deal, wants his interest regularly and promptly, and as long as that is forthcoming don't care a sou marquee about his principal. The old gentleman is a man of strong prejudices, a rabid republican, don't think there is or can be a good in any other political organization, and hates the word "rebel" worse than a cat hates hot soap, and, during the war, was always ready to fight a "copperhead." Nothing delights him more than to attend a pioneer meeting and be called on to sing "The Sword of Bunker Hill," and he seldom fails of invitation to do so. Few men would be more missed from this community than Col. Hawkins. Kalamazoo Telegraph. The above does the genial Colonel a slight injustice. The fact is, he is fully entitled to the honorable title of Col., as he was commissioned as such by Gov. W. L. Many, of New York, in 1883, and is probably the only surviving commissioned officer of that early period. County Option. Editor Northumber: Dear Sir: You ask me to state briefly "Why the County Option bill should receive the support of all good citizens." Doubtless all such desire the abolition of intemperance and associate sins; but, if so broad a wish cannot be realized at once, let the Millennium Come piecemeal! Asiatic cholera may breathe death over a continent; but there are cities here and there whose sanitary laws and quarantine save their populations from destruction. Good generalship involves details. Hattles are not won by clamor and stampede, but by fractional and local victories that lead up in cumulative mastery to the last huzza to the final redoubtable when the flag of the foe goes down. That scene of ultimate temperance triumph lies beyond our age far up the slopes of the future, but our generation will register its bravely in well-wrought effort toward the finish of the long campaign. Loral option! This is second to universal option, but is better by far than no option. If we cannot exercise our entire world of evil, let us drive the demons out of localities, thus adding province to province, until, even in our days, the realm of manhood and solitude shall be state-wide or national. The rotten warfare, under this provision, is preliminary, and Van Huren marches first! We are at the front; the first in the light; the vanguard champions of a grave moral issue. It is the cause of all others to enlist our patriotism, our domestic interests, our faith in the justice of God and the welfare of man. E. H. Haverly.
| 49,495 |
https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/k8s-config-connector/blob/master/third_party/github.com/hashicorp/terraform-provider-google-beta/google-beta/resource_privateca_certificate_generated_test.go
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0, MPL-2.0
| 2,023 |
k8s-config-connector
|
GoogleCloudPlatform
|
Go
|
Code
| 1,291 | 5,181 |
// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// *** AUTO GENERATED CODE *** Type: MMv1 ***
//
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// This file is automatically generated by Magic Modules and manual
// changes will be clobbered when the file is regenerated.
//
// Please read more about how to change this file in
// .github/CONTRIBUTING.md.
//
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
package google
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
"testing"
"github.com/hashicorp/terraform-plugin-sdk/v2/helper/resource"
"github.com/hashicorp/terraform-plugin-sdk/v2/terraform"
"github.com/hashicorp/terraform-provider-google-beta/google-beta/acctest"
"github.com/hashicorp/terraform-provider-google-beta/google-beta/envvar"
"github.com/hashicorp/terraform-provider-google-beta/google-beta/tpgresource"
transport_tpg "github.com/hashicorp/terraform-provider-google-beta/google-beta/transport"
)
func TestAccPrivatecaCertificate_privatecaCertificateConfigExample(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
context := map[string]interface{}{
"project": envvar.GetTestProjectFromEnv(),
"random_suffix": acctest.RandString(t, 10),
}
acctest.VcrTest(t, resource.TestCase{
PreCheck: func() { acctest.AccTestPreCheck(t) },
ProtoV5ProviderFactories: acctest.ProtoV5ProviderFactories(t),
CheckDestroy: testAccCheckPrivatecaCertificateDestroyProducer(t),
Steps: []resource.TestStep{
{
Config: testAccPrivatecaCertificate_privatecaCertificateConfigExample(context),
},
{
ResourceName: "google_privateca_certificate.default",
ImportState: true,
ImportStateVerify: true,
ImportStateVerifyIgnore: []string{"pool", "name", "location", "certificate_authority"},
},
},
})
}
func testAccPrivatecaCertificate_privatecaCertificateConfigExample(context map[string]interface{}) string {
return acctest.Nprintf(`
resource "google_privateca_ca_pool" "default" {
location = "us-central1"
name = "tf-test-my-pool%{random_suffix}"
tier = "ENTERPRISE"
}
resource "google_privateca_certificate_authority" "default" {
location = "us-central1"
pool = google_privateca_ca_pool.default.name
certificate_authority_id = "my-authority"
config {
subject_config {
subject {
organization = "HashiCorp"
common_name = "my-certificate-authority"
}
subject_alt_name {
dns_names = ["hashicorp.com"]
}
}
x509_config {
ca_options {
is_ca = true
}
key_usage {
base_key_usage {
cert_sign = true
crl_sign = true
}
extended_key_usage {
server_auth = true
}
}
}
}
key_spec {
algorithm = "RSA_PKCS1_4096_SHA256"
}
// Disable CA deletion related safe checks for easier cleanup.
deletion_protection = false
skip_grace_period = true
ignore_active_certificates_on_deletion = true
}
resource "google_privateca_certificate" "default" {
location = "us-central1"
pool = google_privateca_ca_pool.default.name
certificate_authority = google_privateca_certificate_authority.default.certificate_authority_id
lifetime = "86000s"
name = "tf-test-my-certificate%{random_suffix}"
config {
subject_config {
subject {
common_name = "san1.example.com"
country_code = "us"
organization = "google"
organizational_unit = "enterprise"
locality = "mountain view"
province = "california"
street_address = "1600 amphitheatre parkway"
}
subject_alt_name {
email_addresses = ["email@example.com"]
ip_addresses = ["127.0.0.1"]
uris = ["http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"]
}
}
x509_config {
ca_options {
is_ca = true
}
key_usage {
base_key_usage {
crl_sign = false
decipher_only = false
}
extended_key_usage {
server_auth = false
}
}
name_constraints {
critical = true
permitted_dns_names = ["*.example.com"]
excluded_dns_names = ["*.deny.example.com"]
permitted_ip_ranges = ["10.0.0.0/8"]
excluded_ip_ranges = ["10.1.1.0/24"]
permitted_email_addresses = [".example.com"]
excluded_email_addresses = [".deny.example.com"]
permitted_uris = [".example.com"]
excluded_uris = [".deny.example.com"]
}
}
public_key {
format = "PEM"
key = filebase64("test-fixtures/rsa_public.pem")
}
}
}
`, context)
}
func TestAccPrivatecaCertificate_privatecaCertificateWithTemplateExample(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
context := map[string]interface{}{
"project": envvar.GetTestProjectFromEnv(),
"random_suffix": acctest.RandString(t, 10),
}
acctest.VcrTest(t, resource.TestCase{
PreCheck: func() { acctest.AccTestPreCheck(t) },
ProtoV5ProviderFactories: acctest.ProtoV5ProviderFactories(t),
CheckDestroy: testAccCheckPrivatecaCertificateDestroyProducer(t),
Steps: []resource.TestStep{
{
Config: testAccPrivatecaCertificate_privatecaCertificateWithTemplateExample(context),
},
{
ResourceName: "google_privateca_certificate.default",
ImportState: true,
ImportStateVerify: true,
ImportStateVerifyIgnore: []string{"pool", "name", "location", "certificate_authority"},
},
},
})
}
func testAccPrivatecaCertificate_privatecaCertificateWithTemplateExample(context map[string]interface{}) string {
return acctest.Nprintf(`
resource "google_privateca_ca_pool" "default" {
location = "us-central1"
name = "tf-test-my-pool%{random_suffix}"
tier = "ENTERPRISE"
}
resource "google_privateca_certificate_template" "default" {
location = "us-central1"
name = "tf-test-my-certificate-template%{random_suffix}"
description = "An updated sample certificate template"
identity_constraints {
allow_subject_alt_names_passthrough = true
allow_subject_passthrough = true
cel_expression {
description = "Always true"
expression = "true"
location = "any.file.anywhere"
title = "Sample expression"
}
}
passthrough_extensions {
additional_extensions {
object_id_path = [1, 6]
}
known_extensions = ["EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE"]
}
predefined_values {
additional_extensions {
object_id {
object_id_path = [1, 6]
}
value = "c3RyaW5nCg=="
critical = true
}
aia_ocsp_servers = ["string"]
ca_options {
is_ca = false
max_issuer_path_length = 6
}
key_usage {
base_key_usage {
cert_sign = false
content_commitment = true
crl_sign = false
data_encipherment = true
decipher_only = true
digital_signature = true
encipher_only = true
key_agreement = true
key_encipherment = true
}
extended_key_usage {
client_auth = true
code_signing = true
email_protection = true
ocsp_signing = true
server_auth = true
time_stamping = true
}
unknown_extended_key_usages {
object_id_path = [1, 6]
}
}
policy_ids {
object_id_path = [1, 6]
}
}
}
resource "google_privateca_certificate_authority" "default" {
location = "us-central1"
pool = google_privateca_ca_pool.default.name
certificate_authority_id = "my-authority"
config {
subject_config {
subject {
organization = "HashiCorp"
common_name = "my-certificate-authority"
}
subject_alt_name {
dns_names = ["hashicorp.com"]
}
}
x509_config {
ca_options {
# is_ca *MUST* be true for certificate authorities
is_ca = true
}
key_usage {
base_key_usage {
# cert_sign and crl_sign *MUST* be true for certificate authorities
cert_sign = true
crl_sign = true
}
extended_key_usage {
server_auth = false
}
}
}
}
key_spec {
algorithm = "RSA_PKCS1_4096_SHA256"
}
// Disable CA deletion related safe checks for easier cleanup.
deletion_protection = false
skip_grace_period = true
ignore_active_certificates_on_deletion = true
}
resource "google_privateca_certificate" "default" {
location = "us-central1"
pool = google_privateca_ca_pool.default.name
certificate_authority = google_privateca_certificate_authority.default.certificate_authority_id
name = "tf-test-my-certificate%{random_suffix}"
lifetime = "860s"
pem_csr = file("test-fixtures/rsa_csr.pem")
certificate_template = google_privateca_certificate_template.default.id
}
`, context)
}
func TestAccPrivatecaCertificate_privatecaCertificateCsrExample(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
context := map[string]interface{}{
"project": envvar.GetTestProjectFromEnv(),
"random_suffix": acctest.RandString(t, 10),
}
acctest.VcrTest(t, resource.TestCase{
PreCheck: func() { acctest.AccTestPreCheck(t) },
ProtoV5ProviderFactories: acctest.ProtoV5ProviderFactories(t),
CheckDestroy: testAccCheckPrivatecaCertificateDestroyProducer(t),
Steps: []resource.TestStep{
{
Config: testAccPrivatecaCertificate_privatecaCertificateCsrExample(context),
},
{
ResourceName: "google_privateca_certificate.default",
ImportState: true,
ImportStateVerify: true,
ImportStateVerifyIgnore: []string{"pool", "name", "location", "certificate_authority"},
},
},
})
}
func testAccPrivatecaCertificate_privatecaCertificateCsrExample(context map[string]interface{}) string {
return acctest.Nprintf(`
resource "google_privateca_ca_pool" "default" {
location = "us-central1"
name = "tf-test-my-pool%{random_suffix}"
tier = "ENTERPRISE"
}
resource "google_privateca_certificate_authority" "default" {
location = "us-central1"
pool = google_privateca_ca_pool.default.name
certificate_authority_id = "my-authority"
config {
subject_config {
subject {
organization = "HashiCorp"
common_name = "my-certificate-authority"
}
subject_alt_name {
dns_names = ["hashicorp.com"]
}
}
x509_config {
ca_options {
# is_ca *MUST* be true for certificate authorities
is_ca = true
}
key_usage {
base_key_usage {
# cert_sign and crl_sign *MUST* be true for certificate authorities
cert_sign = true
crl_sign = true
}
extended_key_usage {
server_auth = false
}
}
}
}
key_spec {
algorithm = "RSA_PKCS1_4096_SHA256"
}
// Disable CA deletion related safe checks for easier cleanup.
deletion_protection = false
skip_grace_period = true
ignore_active_certificates_on_deletion = true
}
resource "google_privateca_certificate" "default" {
location = "us-central1"
pool = google_privateca_ca_pool.default.name
certificate_authority = google_privateca_certificate_authority.default.certificate_authority_id
name = "tf-test-my-certificate%{random_suffix}"
lifetime = "860s"
pem_csr = file("test-fixtures/rsa_csr.pem")
}
`, context)
}
func TestAccPrivatecaCertificate_privatecaCertificateNoAuthorityExample(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
context := map[string]interface{}{
"project": envvar.GetTestProjectFromEnv(),
"random_suffix": acctest.RandString(t, 10),
}
acctest.VcrTest(t, resource.TestCase{
PreCheck: func() { acctest.AccTestPreCheck(t) },
ProtoV5ProviderFactories: acctest.ProtoV5ProviderFactories(t),
CheckDestroy: testAccCheckPrivatecaCertificateDestroyProducer(t),
Steps: []resource.TestStep{
{
Config: testAccPrivatecaCertificate_privatecaCertificateNoAuthorityExample(context),
},
{
ResourceName: "google_privateca_certificate.default",
ImportState: true,
ImportStateVerify: true,
ImportStateVerifyIgnore: []string{"pool", "name", "location", "certificate_authority"},
},
},
})
}
func testAccPrivatecaCertificate_privatecaCertificateNoAuthorityExample(context map[string]interface{}) string {
return acctest.Nprintf(`
resource "google_privateca_ca_pool" "default" {
location = "us-central1"
name = "tf-test-my-pool%{random_suffix}"
tier = "ENTERPRISE"
}
resource "google_privateca_certificate_authority" "default" {
location = "us-central1"
pool = google_privateca_ca_pool.default.name
certificate_authority_id = "my-authority"
config {
subject_config {
subject {
organization = "HashiCorp"
common_name = "my-certificate-authority"
}
subject_alt_name {
dns_names = ["hashicorp.com"]
}
}
x509_config {
ca_options {
is_ca = true
}
key_usage {
base_key_usage {
digital_signature = true
cert_sign = true
crl_sign = true
}
extended_key_usage {
server_auth = true
}
}
}
}
lifetime = "86400s"
key_spec {
algorithm = "RSA_PKCS1_4096_SHA256"
}
// Disable CA deletion related safe checks for easier cleanup.
deletion_protection = false
skip_grace_period = true
ignore_active_certificates_on_deletion = true
}
resource "google_privateca_certificate" "default" {
location = "us-central1"
pool = google_privateca_ca_pool.default.name
name = "tf-test-my-certificate%{random_suffix}"
lifetime = "860s"
config {
subject_config {
subject {
common_name = "san1.example.com"
country_code = "us"
organization = "google"
organizational_unit = "enterprise"
locality = "mountain view"
province = "california"
street_address = "1600 amphitheatre parkway"
postal_code = "94109"
}
}
x509_config {
ca_options {
is_ca = false
}
key_usage {
base_key_usage {
crl_sign = true
}
extended_key_usage {
server_auth = true
}
}
}
public_key {
format = "PEM"
key = filebase64("test-fixtures/rsa_public.pem")
}
}
// Certificates require an authority to exist in the pool, though they don't
// need to be explicitly connected to it
depends_on = [google_privateca_certificate_authority.default]
}
`, context)
}
func testAccCheckPrivatecaCertificateDestroyProducer(t *testing.T) func(s *terraform.State) error {
return func(s *terraform.State) error {
for name, rs := range s.RootModule().Resources {
if rs.Type != "google_privateca_certificate" {
continue
}
if strings.HasPrefix(name, "data.") {
continue
}
config := acctest.GoogleProviderConfig(t)
url, err := tpgresource.ReplaceVarsForTest(config, rs, "{{PrivatecaBasePath}}projects/{{project}}/locations/{{location}}/caPools/{{pool}}/certificates/{{name}}")
if err != nil {
return err
}
billingProject := ""
if config.BillingProject != "" {
billingProject = config.BillingProject
}
_, err = transport_tpg.SendRequest(transport_tpg.SendRequestOptions{
Config: config,
Method: "GET",
Project: billingProject,
RawURL: url,
UserAgent: config.UserAgent,
})
if err == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("PrivatecaCertificate still exists at %s", url)
}
}
return nil
}
}
| 2,595 |
https://github.com/zxqymr/test/blob/master/lllls/app/Http/Controllers/admin/Banner.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
test
|
zxqymr
|
PHP
|
Code
| 377 | 1,615 |
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers\admin;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\admin\Banners;
use DB;
use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
class Banner extends Controller
{
/**
* Display a listing of the resource.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function index()
{
$pagesize = config('app.pageSize');
$data = Banners::paginate($pagesize);
return view('admin.banner.list',['data'=>$data]);
}
/**
* Show the form for creating a new resource.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function create()
{
return view('admin.banner.add');
}
/**
* Store a newly created resource in storage.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function store(Request $request)
{
$data = $request->except('_token','id');
// dd($data);
$validator = \Validator::make($request->all(), [
'banner_name' => 'required|unique:banner|max:10',
'banner_sort' => 'required',
'banner_url' => 'required',
'banner_img' => 'required',
'banner_status' => 'required',
],[
'banner_name.required' => '链接名称必填',
'banner_name.unique' => '链接名称唯一',
'banner_name.max' => '链接名称最多10个字符',
'banner_sort.required' => '链接排序必填',
'banner_url.required' => '链接网址必填',
'banner_img.required' => '链接图片必填',
'banner_status.required' => '链接状态必填',
]);
if ($validator->fails()) {
return redirect('admin/banner/add')->withErrors($validator)->withInput();
}
// dd($request->hasFile('banner_img'));
if($request->hasFile('banner_img')){
$res = $this->upload($request,'banner_img');
// dd($res);
if($res['code']){
$data['banner_img'] = $res['imgurl'];
}
}
$res = Banners::create($data);
if($res){
return redirect('/admin/banner/list');
}
}
// 文件上传
public function upload(Request $request,$file){
if($request->file($file)->isValid()){
$photo = $request->file($file);
$store_result = $photo->store(date('Ymd'));
return ['code'=>1,'imgurl'=>$store_result];
}else{
return ['code'=>0,'message'=>'上传过程出错'];
}
}
/**
* Display the specified resource.
*
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function show($id)
{
//
}
/**
* Show the form for editing the specified resource.
*
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function edit($id)
{
// $data = DB::table('banner')->where('banner_id',$id)->first();
$data = Banners::find($id);
// dd($data);
return view('admin.banner.edit',compact('data'));
}
/**
* Update the specified resource in storage.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function update(Request $request, $id)
{
$data = $request->except('_token');
// dd($data);
$validator = \Validator::make($data, [
'banner_name' => [
'required',
'max:10',
Rule::unique('banner')->ignore($id,'banner_id'),
],
],[
'banner_name.required' => '链接名称必填',
'banner_name.unique' => '链接名称唯一',
'banner_name.max' => '链接名称最多10个字符',
]);
if ($validator->fails()) {
return redirect('admin/banner/edit/'.$id)->withErrors($validator)->withInput();
}
if($request->hasFile('banner_img')){
$res = $this->upload($request,'banner_img');
// dd($res);
if($res['code']){
$data['banner_img'] = $res['imgurl'];
}
}
$res = Banners::where('banner_id',$id)->update($data);
// dd($res);
if($res){
return redirect('/admin/banner/list');
}
}
/**
* Remove the specified resource from storage.
*
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function destroy($id)
{
$res = Banners::destroy($id);
if($res){
return ['code'=>1,'msg'=>'删除成功'];
}else{
return ['code'=>2,'msg'=>'删除失败'];
}
}
// 检查名称唯一性
public function checkName(Request $request){
$banner_name = $request->banner_name;
// dd($banner_name);
if($banner_name){
$where['banner_name'] = $banner_name;
$count = Banners::where($where)->count();
return ['code'=>1,'count'=>$count];
}
}
}
| 28,333 |
anelementarytre27peirgoog_4
|
English-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,919 |
The man nobody knew
|
Hall, Holworthy, 1887-1936 | Underwood, Clarence F., 1871- ill | Dodd, Mead & Company. pbl
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,986 | 11,405 |
7. A cistern containing 210 buckets, may be filled by 2 pipes. By an experiment, in which the first was open 4, and the second 5 hours, 90 buckets of water were obtained. By another experiment, when the first was open 7, and the other 3£ hours, 126 buckets were obtained. How many buckets does each pipe discharge in an hour ? Ans. The first pipe discharges 15, and the second pipe discharges 6 buckets. 8. There is a fraction such, that if 1 be added to its nu- merator its value becomes = £ ; and if 1 be added to its denominator its value becomes = £. What fraction is it T Ans. &. 9. Required to find two numbers such, that if the first be increased by a, and the second by b, the product of these two sums exceeds the product of the two numbers them- 8elves,by c ; if, on the other hand, the first be increased by CH. III. § IV.] EQUATIONS OP THE FIRST DEGREE. 93 Equations of the First Degree solved by Elimination by Substitution. a', and the second by b' t the product of these sums exceeds the products of the two numbers themselves by c'. a tiu c * • a ' c — ac'+aa'b' — aafb . _ Arts. The first is -{ , the second a! b — a b' . bd — b'c + abb'— a'bb' IS J -. a' 6 — a b* 10. A person had two barrels, and a certain quantity of wine in each. In order to obtain an equal quantity in each, he poured out as much of the first cask into the second, as the second already contained ; then, again, he poured out as much of the second into the first as the first then con- tained, and lastly, he poured out again as much from the first into the second as the second still contained. At last he had 16 gallons of wine in each cask. How many gal- lons did they contain originally 1 Ans. The first 22, the second 10 gallons. 11. 21 lbs. of silver lose 2 lbs. in water, and 9 lbs. of cop- per lose lib. in water. Now, if a composition of silver and copper weighing 148 lbs. loses 14$ lbs. in water, how many_ lbs. does it contain of each metal 1 Ans. 112 lbs. of silver, and 36 lbs. of copper. 12. A given piece of metal, which weighs plbs., loses elbs. in water. This piece, however, is composed of two other metals A and B such, that j)lbs. of A lose albs, in water, and plbs. of B lose 6 lbs. How much does this piece contain of each metal ? Ans. ^=^lb8. of A, and ^=^lbs. of B. b — a b — a 13. According to Vitruvius, the crown of Hiero, king of Syracuse, weighed 201bs., and lost l£lbs. in water. Assum- ing that it consists of gold and silver only, and that 19,64 lbs. of gold lose' lib. in water, and 10,5 lbs; of silver lose lib. in 94 ALGEBRA. [CH. III. § IV Equations of the First Degree solved by Elimination by Substitution. water. How much gold, and how much silver, did this crown contain? Ans. 14,77 . . . lbs. of gold, and 5,22 . . . lbs. of silver. 151. Problem. To solve any number of equations* of the first degree with the same number of unknown quantities. Solution. Let there be three equations with three un- known quantities; these equations may, by art. 140, be reduced to the forms A x + B y + Cz + M=0 9 A'z + B'y + C'z + M^O, A lt z+B"y-{-C"z + M"=Q. The value of x, given by the first of these equations, is — By—Cz — M X ~ A which, being substituted in the other two equations, and the resulting equations being reduced, as in art. 140, gives (A B'—A' B) y +(A C—A' C) z +A M'—A' M = 0, (4 B"—A"B) y + (A C'—A»C)z+A M"—A"M = 0. These equations, being solved, as in art. 146, give _ (A l O'—A"Q)M+(A"C—A OQlf -Kit C— A'tyM" y ~" \A'B"—A''B')C+(A"B—AB'')C+(AB t —A'B)C 1 ' 9 __ (A"B'—A'B")M+(AB»—A"B)M'+(A f B-AB')M> m Z ~~ (A'B"—A''B')C+(A"B—AB")0+iAB'-~A'B)C' i in which the terms are arranged in groups in order to dis- play the symmetry of the result ; and these values, being substituted in the value of z, give (B"C—B'C')M+(BQ'—B"C)M I +(B'C—BC)M" X ~" {A I B"—A«B')C+(A»B—AB»)C + (AB'—A'BW CH. HI. § IV.] EQUATIONS OF THE FIRST DEGREE. 95 Examples to be solved by Elimination by Substitution. If this method of solution be applied to a greater number of equations, it will lead to similar results. 152. EXAMPLES. 1. Solve the three equations ' * + y + z = 6 » 3x + 7y+ 52: = 32 - Arts. z = l, y =2, z = 3. 2. Solve the three equations y + £s = 41, * + i* = 20£, y + *z = 34. Ans. x = 18, y = 32, z = 10. 3. Solve the three equations « — **-*** = y— 109, i* + iy=26, 5 y = 4 z. ilns. x = 64, r/ = 80, z=100. 4. Solve the four equations *.+ y+ * + *=!» 16s-j- 8y + 4i-f? M = 9 > 81x-f27y+ 9z + ^« = 36, 256«+ 64 y + 16z + 4 «= = 10 °- ilws. y = i,y = J, « = i, « = 0. 5. The sums of three numbers, taken two and two, are a t b, c. What are they ? Ans. i(a + ^ — c )> ifa + s — &)i i(b-\-c — a )* 6. A, B, C compare their fortunes. A says to B, " give me $ 700 of your money, and I shall have twice as much 96 ALGEBRA. [CH. III. § IV. Examples to*be solved by Elimination by Substitution. as you retain ; " B says to C, " give me $ 1400, and I shall have thrice as much as you have remaining ; " C says to A, " give me $ 420, and then I shall have 5 times as much as you retain." How much has each ? Ans. A $ 980, B $ 1540, € $ 2380. 7. Three soldiers, in a battle, make $ 96 booty, which they wish to share equally. In order to do this, A, who made most, gives B and C as much as they already had ; in the same manner, B then divided with A and C; and after this, C with A and B. If, by these means, the intended equal division is effected, how much booty did each soldier make ? Ans , 4 $ 52, H $ 28, C $ 16. 8. A 9 B, C 9 D, E play together on this condition, that he who loses shall give to all the rest as much as they already have. First A loses, then J5, then C 9 then D, and at, last also E. All lose in turn, and yet at the end of the 5th game they all have the same sum, viz. each $ 32. How much had each when they began to play 1 Ans. A $81, B $41, C$21, D $11, E $6. / 153. Second Method of solving the Problem of art. 142, called that of Elimination by Comparison. Find the value of either of the unknown quantities in all the equations in which it is contained ; place either of the values thus obtained equal to each of the others, and the equations thus formed will be one less in number than those from which they are ob- tained, and will contain one unknown quantity less. By continuing this process on these new equations, the number of equations will finally be reduced to one. Cfl. III. § IV.] EQUATIONS OF THE FIRST DEGREE. 97 Examples to be solved by Elimination by Comparison. 154. EXAMPLES. 1. To solve any two equations of the first degree with two unknown quantities. Solution. These equations may, as in art. 146, be re- duced to the forms Az + By + M = $ A'x+B'y-\-M' = 0. The values of z, obtained from these equations, are -By-M x = A • — B'y — M! which, being placed equal to each other, give — By — M _ — B' y — M' A ~ A' whence A'M—AM y ~~AB' — A'B 9 and, therefore, _ B M ' — B' M x ~ AB' — A' B ; being the same values as those obtained in art. 146. 2. Solve the three equations 1 1 i 13 X + 1 + z — \2 9 1 1 1 7 z + y _ z ~~12' 1 i 1 5 X 9 y + z " -12' 98 ALGEBRA. [CH. III. § IV Examples to be solved by Elimination by Comparison. Solution. The values of z, obtained from these equa- tions, are 12 yz X= lZyz—VZz—Vily' _ 12yz x "7yz— 12z+12y* — I3yz. *~~5yz+l2z— 12y ; the first of which being placed equal to each of the others gives, by reduction, z=4, y = 3;. whence we get, from either value of x, by substitution, x = 2. • 3. Solve the two equations 7y= 2x — 3y, 19x = 60y + G21±. Ans. x=88f,y=l7J> 4. Solve the three equations 3a? + 5y=161, 7s-j-2* == 209 > 2y + *=89. ^In5. 2 = 17, y=22, « = 45. 5. Solve the three equations 1 r 1 x ■ z — 4- — ss c, y { x 2 2 Q Ans - * - rn—/ y = r— m* = a +6 _ c ' y "" a— b + c> * "" 6-fc— a GR. Iff. § IV.] EQUATIONS OF THE FIRST DEGREE. Examples \ to be solved by Elimination by Comparison. 6. Soke the three equations 2 X 5y^ x -i 1 4x 1 y * % fi 11 72 5 6x y ' 2 - w » .4ns. #=6, y=9, s =*. 7 A person has two horses, and two saddles, one of which cost $50, the other $2. If he places the best sad- dle upon the first horse, and the worst upon the second, then the latter is worth $ 8 less than the other ; but if he puts the worst saddle upon the first horse, and the best upon the other, then the latter is worth 3f times as much as the first. What is the value of each horse ? Ans. The first $30, the second $70. 8. What fraction is that, whose numerator being doubled, and denominator increased by 7, the value becomes § ; but the denominator being doubled, and the numerator increased by 2, the value becomes £ ? Ans. £. 9. A wine merchant has two kinds of wine. If he mix 3 gallons of the worst with 5 of the best, the mixture is worth $ 1 per gallon ; .but, if he mix 3£ gallons of the worst with 8£ gallons of the best, the mixture is worth $ 1,03£ per gallon. What does each wine cost per gallon ? Ans. The best $ 1,12, the worst $0,80. 10. A wine merchant has two kinds of wine. If he mix a gallons of the first with o gallons of the second, the mix- ture is worth c dollars per gallon ; but, if he mix a' gallons of the first with V gallons of the second, the mixture is worth d dollars per gallon. What does each wine cost per gallon ? 100 ALGEBRA. [CH. III. § IV. Examples to be solved by Elimination by Comparison. Ans . The first (a + 6) t' & C ,Z ( a "' 6 +6 ' )6<:, doll « s . «" second («W^-W*'W' dollaM. a'b — a b' 11. Three masons, A, B, C, ace to build a wall. A and B, jointly, could build this wall in 12 days; B and C could accomplish it in 20 days ; A and C would do it in 15 days. What time would each take to do it alone ? Ans. A requires 20, B 30, C 60 days. 12. Three laborers are employed in a certain work. A and B would, together, complete it in a days ; A and C require b days; B and C require c days. In what time would each accomplish it singly ? Ans. A in - — ; T days, B in -. — , — - days, oc-J-ac — ab * bc-f-ab — ac rt . Zabc , C in -T-y j- days. ao-j-ac — be 13. A cistern may be filled by three pipes, A, B f C. By the pipes A and B t it could be filled in 70 minutes ; by the pipes A and C, in 84 minutes ; and by the pipes B and C 9 in 140 minutes. In what time would each pipe fill it? Ans. A in 105, B in 210, Cin 420 minutes. 14. A, B, C play faro. In the first game A has the bank, B and C stake the third part of their money, and win. In the second game B has the bank, A and C stake the third part of their money and also win. Then C takes the bank, A and B stake the third part of their money and also win. After this third game they count their money, and find that they have all the same sum of 64 ducats. How much had each when they began to play ? Ans. A had 75, B 63, C54. CH. III. § IV <] EQUATIONS OF THE FIRST DEGREE. 101 Elimination by the method of the Greatest Common Divisor. 15. Five friends, A 9 B t C, D, E, jointly spend $879 at an inn. This sum is to be paid by one of them ; but, on consultation, they find that none of them had, alone, enough for this purpose. If, then, one of them is to pay it, the others must, give him a part of their money. A can pay, if he receives one fourth ; B, if he receives one fifth ; C, if he receives one sixth ; D> if he receives one seventh ; and JB, if he receives one eighth of the others' money. How much has each 1 Ans. A $319, B 9 459, C 9 543, D 9 599, E 9 639. 155. Third Method of solving the Problem of art 142, called that of Elimination by the method of the greatest Common Divisor. Solution. This method is generally inapplicable to trans- cendental equations, but can be successfully applied in all other cases to eliminate one unknown quantity after an- other, until the given equations are reduced to one. In order to eliminate an unknown quantity from two equations which contain it, reduce them as in arts. 105 and 118, and arrange their terms accord- ing to the powers of the quantity to be eliminated, taking out each power as a factor from the terms which contain it. It being now recollected that the second member of each of these equations is zero, it will appear evident that, if the first members are divided one by the other, the remainder arising from this division must likewise be equal to zero; for this remainder is the difference between the dividend .and a certain multiple of the divisor, that is, between zero and a certain multiple of zero. 102 ALGEBRA. [CH. III. § IT. Elimination by the method of the Greatest Common Divisor. • Hence, divide one of these first members by the other, and proceed, as in arts. 60, 8fc, to find their greatest common divisor ; each successive remainder may be placed equal to zero. But a remainder will at last be obtained, which does not contain the quan- tity to be eliminated; and the equation, formed from placing this remainder equal to zero, is the equation from which this quantity is eliminated. By eliminating, in this way, the unknown quan- tity from either of the equations which contain it, taken with each t of the others, a number of equations is formed one less than that of the given equations, and containing one less unknown quantity ; and to which this process of elimination may be again ap- plied until one equation is finally obtained. 156. Scholium. It sometimes happens, that the first members have a common divisor which contain the given unknown quantity ; and, in this case, the process cannot be continued beyond this divisor. But as the given first members are multiples of their com- mon divisor, they must be rendered equal to zero by those values of the unknown quantities which render the com- " mon divisor equal to zero ; that is, the two given equations are satisfied by such values of the unknown quantities; so. that, though they are in appearance distinct equations, they are, in reality, equivalent to but one equation, that is, to the equation formed by placing their common divisor equal to zero. 157. Scholium. Care must be taken that no fac- tor be suppressed which may be equal to zero. CH. III. § IV.] EQUATIONS OF THE FIRST DEGREE. 103 Examples of elimination by the method of the Greatest Common Divisor. 158. EXAMPLES. 1. Obtain one equation with one unknown quantity from the two equations x3+y*2 — y3+5 = 0, a^ -f y a x — 5 = 0, by the elimination of x. Solution. Divide the first members as follows: sS + ys 2 — 3^ + 5 [ s3-|_ y a a ._ 5 s 3 + y 2 s — 5 | i 1st Rem. yi»- y*x — y 3 + 10. Divide the preceding divisor by this remainder after mul- tiplying by y to render the first term divisible. ya^+y 3 * — 5 y l ys 9 — y 2 s— y3+io yx 3 — y 2 * 2 — y 3 a?+10x|a? + y y 2 x 2 + (2y 3 — 10)x — 5y y 2 ^ 2 — y 3 g — y 4 + 10y 2d Rem. (3y 3 — 10) x + y 4 — 15 y. Divide the preceding divisor by this remainder after mul- tiplying by (3 y 3 — 10) to render the first term divisible. y* 8 - 3y3. -y*x— y3+10 -10 3yS -10 ya .2_ 3y5 + 10 y 9 yx2-J- y5 — 15y* *_ 3 y 6_ 100 -f-40y 3 * 3^1*+ y* — 10 1 — 15y 3y3 — 10 yx, — 4y* +25 y» — 4y s +25y 9 *_ 3y« — 100 +40 y* Multiply by (3y3_10), 3y 3 — 10 (3y 3 — 10) (— 4y 5 +25y 2 ) x — 9y9+150y6— 700y 3 +1000 (3y 3 — 10)(— 4y 5 -f25y 2 )g— 4y 9 -|- 85 yg— 375 y 3 — 5y9 + 65 f — 325 y 3 +1000, whence the required equation is — 5y9 +65y* — 325 y 3 + 1000 = 0. 104 ALGEBRA. [CH. III. § IV Examples of Elimination by the method of the Greatest Common Divisor 2. Obtain one equation with one unknown quantity from the two equations a? -J- y 3 = a, ' *5 + y5 = 6, by the elimination of x. Ans. (y3_ a )5_( y 5_ft)3 == 0. 3. Obtain one equation with one unknown quantity from the two equations i\ 0^ + ^ = 2, by the elimination of z. Ans. y* — 4y*-|-14y*--a0y»-f9 = a 4. Obtain one equation with one unknown quantity from the two equations x* + xy+y* = \ $ *3 + ^ = 0, by the elimination of x. Am. 4y 6 — .6y* + 3y 8 — 1=0. 5. Obtain one equation with one unknown quantity from the two equations s 3 + V & + z + y = 4, * 3 + * 2 + y* = 3, oy the elimination of x. Ans. Eithery— 1 = 0, ory 9 — 3y+21 = 0. 6. Obtain one equation with one unknown quantity from the three equations z + y + z = a, zz + zy + yz=b, xyz = c 9 by the elimination of x and y. Ans. z 3 — a* 2 -f &* — c = 0. CH. III. § IV.] EQUATIONS OP THE FIRST DEGREE. 105 Examples of Elimination by the method of the Greatest Common Divisor. 7. Obtain one equation with one unknown quantity from the three equations x + V + z = «» jjS -f- y 2 -j- z a = b, zy + zz+yz = c, by the elimination of z and y. Ans. These three equations involve an impossibility unless a 9 — 6 — 2c = 0; and in case this equation is satisfied by the given values of a, b f and c, the three given equations are equivalent to but two, one of them being superfluous, and, by the elimination of x, they give the indeterminate equation with two unknown quantities y 9 + tf s + z 9 — ay — o2 + « = 0. 8. Obtain one equation with one unknown quantity from the three equations * + y s = 4, y + * 9 = 2, z + x 9 = 10, by the elimination of z and y. Ans. z*_ 8 s«+ I6z*+z — 10=0. 9. Obtain one equation with one unknown quantity from the four equations x + y+z + u = a, xy-\-zz + xu + yz + yu+zu=zb, xyz-\-zyu-\-xzu-{-yzu = c 9 zyzu = e, by the elimination of x, y, and z. Ans. u 4 — att 3 + 6ti 2 — cu + e = 0. 106 ALGEBRA. [CH. HI. $ IV. Elimination by Addition and Subtraction. 10. Solve the two equations y* 3 — z3 + x = 3, y s (y * 2 + 1 ) — a? + x = 6. Solution. The elimination of z gives 3 y — 3 = 0, or y = 1 ; which, being substituted in the first of the given equations produces * = 3. 11. Solve the two equations z*y*—8y»z*+16z*==90zy+6O(z— y 8 ) — 720 (y— 1) (y» — 4y +4)o? _ 3 12 5 *" iliw. x=4, y=2. 12. Solve the three equations x V + * = 5, x y z -|- z 2 = 15, a?y 2 + s 9 y — 2x + 2s=8. Ans. x = 2, y = 1, z = 3. 159. Problem. To solve two equations of the first degree by Elimination by Addition and Subtraction. Solution. The given equations may, as in art. 146, be reduced to the forms 4*+JBy + Jf = 0, A* x + By + M* = 0. The process of the preceding article, being applied to these equations in order to eliminate x, will be found to be the same as to Multiply the first equation by A' the coefficient of x in the second, multiply the second by A the co- efficient of x in the first, and subtract the first of these products from the second. CB. in. $ IV.] EQUATIONS OF THE FIRST DEGREE. 107 Examples of Elimination by Addition and Subtraction. Thus, these products are A A' z+A'By + A' M = 0, A A'x + A B'y + A IP = 0; and the difference is (AB' — A'B)y + AM<~A'M=0i whence A' M— A W y= AB' — A' B' In the same way y might have been eliminated by multi- plying the first equation by B', and the second by B, and the difference of these products is {A B' — A' B ) x + B 1 M — B M ' *=* ; whence _ BM — B*M *~~ AB' —A'B' the values of x and y thus obtained being the same as those given in art. 146. 160. Obrollary. This process may be applied with the same facility to any equations of the first degree. 161. EXAMPLES. 1. Solve, by the preceding process, the two equations 1 3 a? + 7 y — 34 1 = 7£ y + 43* *, 2* + *y = l. Ans. x = — 12,y=50. 2. Solve, by the preceding process, the two equations Ans. x = 12,y=:16. 108 ALGEBRA. [CH. III. § IV. Examples of Elimination by Addition and Subtraction. 3. Solve, by the preceding process, the three equations z+ y -f z = 30, 8x+4y +2z = 50, 27* +9y+3z = 64. Ans. z = f,y= — 7, 2 = 36£. 4. Solve, by the preceding process, the three equations 3 x — 100 = 5 y + 360, 2£a? + 200= 16£z — 610, 2 y + 3 * = 548. Ans. x = 360, y = 124, s = 100. 5. Solve, by the preceding process, the four equations x— 9y + 3z — I0ti = 21, 2a? + 7y— z — u = 683, 3x4- y -|-5z + 2t* = 195, 4s_6y— 2«— 9w = 516. Ans. x = 100, y== 60, « = — 13, ti= — 50. 6. Solve, by the preceding process, the four # equations i* + iV + f 2 = 58, i*+tV + ** = 76, i* + t* + i«=79, y 4- « + . u = 248. Ans. x = 12, y =30, z= 168, «=50. 7. Solve, by the preceding process, the six equations x + y + z + t + u=20 9 x-\-y+z 4-« + «> = 21, * + y + z + * + «> = 22, « + » + « + * + « = **. x4-2 + M + ^ + w = 2 4» Ans. a; =2, y=3, z=4, w = 5, *=6, w*7. CH. 111. § IV.] EQUATIONS OF THE FIRST DEGREE. 109 Examples of Elimination by Addition and Subtraction. 8. A person has two large pieces of iron whose weight is required. It is known that fths of the first piece weigh 96 lbs. less than |ths of the other piece ; and that £ths of the other piece weigh exactly as much as fths of the first How much did each of these pieces weigh 1 Ans. The first weighed 720, and the second 512 lbs. 9. $2652 are to be divided amongst three regiments, in such a way, that each man of that regiment which (ought best, shall receive $1, and the remainder is to be divided equally among the men of the other two regiments. Were the dollar adjudged to each man in the first regiment, then each man of the two remaining regiments would receive $ £ ; if the dollar were adjudged to the second regiment, then each man of the other two regiments would receive $ £ ; finally, if the dollar were adjudged to the third regi- ment, each man of the other two regiments would receive $ £. What is the number of men in each regiment ? Ans. 780 men in the first, 1716 in the second, and 2028 in the third regiment. 10. To find three numbers such that if 6 be added to the first and second, the sums are to one another as 2 : 3 ; if 5 be added to the first and third, the sums are as 7 : 1 1 ; but if 36 be subtracted from the second and third, the re- mainders are as 6 : 7. Ans. 30, 48, 50. 110 ALGEBRA. [CH. IV. § I. Indeterminate Coefficient*. CHAPTER IV. NUMERICAL EQUATIONS. SECTION I. Indeterminate Coefficient!, 162. Theorem. If a polynomial is such, as to be equal to zero independently of x, that is, if it is equal to zero whatever values are given to x, it must always be the case that A = 0, B = 0, C = 0, D = 0, E = 0, &c; that is, that the aggregate of all the coefficients of each power ofxis equal to zero, and also the aggre- gate of all the terms which do not contain x is equal to zero. Proof. Since the equation A + Bx + Cx* + 2>*3 + &c. = is true for every value which can be given to x, it must be true when we make x = 0; in which case all the terms of the first member vanish ex cept the first, and we have 4 = 0. CH. IV. § I.] NUMERICAL EQUATIONS. Ill Indeterminate Coefficients. This equation, being subtracted from the given equation, gives Bx + Cx* + Dx*+&c. = 0; and, dividing by x, B + Cx + D x* + &c. = ; whence we may prove as above, that JB = 0. By continuing this process, we can prove that C= 0,D = 0,E = 0, &c. 163. Theorqm. If two polynomials A + Bx+Ca? + Da* + E ar 4 + &c, A'+B'x+C'x 2 + D'x* + E'x A + &c. •• are identical, that is, equal, independently of x, it must always be the case that A = A!,B = B', C=C' i D = &,bc. Proof For the equation A+Bx-{-Cz*-{-&c.=A , +B'x + Ox*+&c gives, by transposition, (A — A') + (B — B')x + (C— C')x 2 + &c. = 0; whence, by the preceding theorem, 4— A'=0,B— JB' = 0, C— C' = 0,&c; that is, A = A 1 , B = B' t C= C\ &c. 112 ALGEBRA. [CH. IV. § II. A Function 3 iU Variable, and Rate of Change. section n. Derivation. 164 Definition. When quantities are so connect- ed that their values are dependent upon each other, each is said to be a function of the others ; which are called variables when they axe supposed to be changeable in their values, and constants when they are supposed to be unchangeable. Thus if y = a x + b y is a function of the a, 6, and x ; but if x is variable while a and b are constant, it is more usual to regard y as simply a function of x. 165. Definition. In the case of a change in the value of a function, arising from an infinitely small change in the value of one of its variables, the rela- tive rate of change of the function and the variable, that is, the ratio of the change in the value of the function to that in the value of the variable, is called the derivative of the function. The derivative of the derivative of a function is called the second derivative of the function ; the de- rivative of the second derivative is called the third derivative ; and so on. 166. Corollary. The derivative of a constant is zero. 167. Corollary. The derivative of the variable, regarded as a function of itself, is unity; and the second derivative is zero. .a IV. § II.] NUMERICAL EQUATIONS. 113 The Derivative of the sum of any Functions. 168. Theorem. The derivative of the sum of two functions is the sum of their derivatives. Proof. Let the two functions be u and v, and let their values, arising from an infinitesimal change t in the value of their variable, be u* and v f ; the increase of their earn will be („> + „/)_(„ + „) or u' — u -|- & — 1% and therefore the derivative of the sum is u' — u . »' — t? which is obviously the sum of their derivatives. 169. Corollary. By reversing the sign of v, it may be shown, in the same way, that the derivative of the difference of two functions is the difference of their derivatives. 170. Corollary. The derivative of the algebraic sum of several functions connected by the signs -f- and — is the algebraic sum of their derivatives. 171. Corollary. If, in this sum, any function is repeated any number of times, its derivative must be repeated the same number of times ; in other words, if a function is multiplied by a constant its deriva- tive must be multiplied by the same constant. Thus, if the derivatives of u, v, and w are respectively U, V, and W y and if a, b, c, and e are constant, the deriv- ative of QU-l-bv — cw -\-e is a U+b V—cW. 10« 114 ALGEBRA. [CH. IV. § II. The Derivative of a Power. 172. Problem. To find the derivative of any power of a variable. Solution. Let the variable be a and the power a n , and let b differ infinitely little from a ; the derivative of a* is then b n — a n b — a * Now when b is equal to a, the value of this quotient is, by art. 51, n a"* 1 ; and this must differ from the present value of this quotient, by an infinitely small quantity, which being neglected gives na*-* for the derivative of a n. The derivative of any power of a variable is, therefore, found by multiplying by the exponent, and diminishing the exponent by unity. 173. Corollary. The derivative of m a" when m is con- stant and a variable is nma n " 1. 174. Problem. To find the derivative of any power of a function. Solution. Let the variable be a, the function u, and the power u n ; let b differ infinitely little from a, and let v be the corresponding value of u ; if U is the derivative of u and IP that of « w , we have v n — w» v — II U =-= , and U= -r. 6 — a b — a But, by art. 51, t? n — u" , = mi"—*, v — u which multiplied by u= v -» b — a' CH. IV. § II.] NUMERICAL EQUATIONS. 115 The Derivative of a Power. gives t>* tt n V U V n U n , , r IP = . £ = -r = nu n ~ l U. v — u b — a o — a The derivative of any power of a function isj therefore, found by multiplying by the exponent and by the derivative of the function, and diminishing the exponent by unity. 175. EXAMPLES. Find the derivatives of the following functions in which x is the variable. 1. x 2 . Ans. 2 x. 2. x 3 . Ans. 3 x 2. 3. x w -j- a z m -j- b xp -j- &c. Ans. n z n ~* 1 -\-ma z m " 1 -j- p b zp* 1 -j- &c. 4. A -\- B x + Cz*-{- D *>+ E z* -{- Fz5+&,c. Ans. JB+2Cz-f-3J0* 3 +4J3z3+5 JV-j-fcc. 5. a-j-x. Ans. 1. 6. (a -f x) 2 . Ans. 2 (a -j- x). 7. (a + x) 3 . Ans. 3(a + *) 2. 8. (a -f x) n . Ans. n(a-\- x) n ~ l. 9. (a + 6 a:) 9 . -*»*■ 2 A (a + 6 x). 10. (a -f- 6 x)\ Ans. n b (a + b *)»-*. 176. Problem. To find the derivative of the pro* duct of two functions. Solution. Let u and v be the functions, and U and V their derivatives ; then, since the derivative is the rate of change of the function to that of the variable, it is evident 116 ALGEBRA. [CH. IV $ II The Derivative of a Product. that when the variable is increased by the infinitesimal t, that the functions will become « -|- U i and v -j- V u The product will therefore change from u v to (ti+ Ui) (v-\- Vi) z=mv + v Ui + u Vi+UVF, and the increase of the product is vUi + uVi+UVP; the ratio of which to t is v U+uV+UVi, or, neglecting the infinitesimal U Vi, it is vU+uV; that is, the derivative of a product of two functions is equal to the sum of the two products obtained by multiplying each function by the derivative of the other Junction. 177. Corollary. The derivative of (x — a) n v is, then, n(x — a)»-iv-{-(x — a)» V t because the derivative of is CH. IV. § III.] NUMERICAL EQUATIONS. 117 Solution of Numerical Equations. section m. Numerical Equations. 178. Definition. A numerical equation is one all whose coefficients are given in numbers, so that it involves no literal expressions except those denoting the unknown quantities. 179. Problem. To solve a numerical equation. Solution. Let the equation be reduced qs in arts. 105 and 118, to the form u = 0. Find by trial a value of the unknown quantity x which nearly satisfies this equation, and let, this value be a; substitute this value in the given equa- tion, and let the corresponding value of u be m. A correction e in the value of a is then to be found, which shall reduce the value of u from m to zero. Now, if U is the derivative of u, and if IS. is the value of U which corresponds to x = a, M is, by art. 165, the rate at which u changes in comparison with x, so that when x = a + e u = m-\-Me = 0, and therefore m . m e= ~W *=« + *=«— jjjr- By this means a value of x is found which is not 118 ALGEBRA. [CH. IV. § III Kate of Approximation. perfectly accurate, because M is not the rate at which u varies'during the whole interval from x = a to x = a -|- e\ but only while x differs infinitely little from a. Calling, therefore, a' this approximate value of x, we have , m a = a -M> which may be used in the same way in which'Q. was, in order to find a new approximate value a" of x; and if m' and M' denote the corresponding values of u and U, % we shall have a = a zzf M In the same way, may the approximation be con- tinued to any degree of accuracy. 180. Problem. To determine the rate ofapprozi* motion in the preceding solution. Solution. This is a most important, practical point, and the determination of it will be found to facilitate the solution. Now, it may be observed, that since e is the correction of a, its magnitude show* the degree of accuracy which belongs to a, and the accuracy of e is, obviously, the same with that of a? = a -f- «. The comparative accuracy of the approximate value of a, and the succeeding approximate value af 9 is, then, the same with the magnitude of e compared with the error of e. Now, in determining e, M was supposed to be the rate at which u changed throughout the whole interval in the change of x from a jto a + e. But if the rate of change of CH. IV. § III.] NUMERICAL EQUATIONS. 119 Rate of Approximation. M is denoted by N, that is, if N is the derivative of if, the value of if, at the end of this interval when x is a-f-e, must be increased to M + Ne. In the middle of the interval when x is a + £ e 9 the value of M is which may be regarded as the average value of the rate of it's increase, throughout the interval. When x, therefore, becomes a -f- e, u becomes m + (M + iNe)e=:0 9 or whence by transposition and division — m N. e ~~ M 2Jf which differs from m C — •""" M by the term iV A 2 if ° » which may, therefore, be regarded as the error of e; and its comparison with e gives the ratef f approximation. 181. Corollary. If the value of a is accurate to a given place of decimals, as the gth, this will be shown by the magnitude of e, for we shall find and, consequently, *<-±- 120 ALGEBRA. [CH. IV. § HI. Rate of Approximation. N If also the value of ^inr is found to be such that 2M ^ 10*' then the inaccuracy of e 2 or of a 1 is 2M ^ 10 2 *+*' fAa* is, a! is accurate to the (% g -{- k)th place of decimals and the division ofmbyN. may be carried to this extent. 182. Corollary. When the given equation has the form u = h, in which A is a given number, it may be brought to the form u — h = 0, so that the value of the final member when x = a is m — h 9 while the value of the derivative is M, because h does not vary, and, therefore, m — h h — m which is often a more convenient form in practice than that of art. 179. CH. IT. § III.] NUMERICAL EQUATIONS. 12l Solution of Numerical Equations. 183. EXAMPLES. t 1. Solve the equation *3 — 3a? = — 1, which has three roots, the first being nearly 2, the second nearly 0, and the third nearly — 2. Solution. This equation, compared with arts. 179-182, gives u = x 3 — 3 x, h = — 1, U=3z* — 3; deriv. of U=z6x. Hence, if « = 2, m = 8 — 6 = 2, M = 12 — 3 = 9, N= 12, ^ 12 / 1 7 ft A — m — 1 — 2 , A <= "^- = — g— = -*=-*.* = * a' = a + c = 2— 03 = 1-7, A — m' = - -813, M' = 5-67, ef = — -15, g* = 0, a*= 1-55, A — m" = — 073875, JP = 4-2075, e" = — -018, £" = 1 , a" = 1-532, h — ro'" = 0000359232, M'" = 4041072, e'" = 000008889, g"' = 4, a"' = 1-53208889, which is accurate to 2 g 1 " = 8 places of decimals. This process may be arranged in the following form, in the first column of which, h is placed at the top, and the successive values of — m above each horizontal line with those of h — m below it. In the second column are placed the successive values of the divisor M. In the third column the first approximation a is placed at the top of the table, 11 122 ALGEBRA, [CH. IV. § in. Solution of Numerical Equations. and the successive values of e, above each line with those of a -|- e below it. h.— 1- — m. — 2- *— m.— 3- 0187 —0-813 0-926125 , I - ^ *vt —0073875 1000359232 0000359232 M. 9- 5-67 • 42075 M KC 2- -0 3 1-7 —0-15 155 — 0018 a. e. a-j-e. ^ 6' / <%, + ■& r 1-532 « 000008389 4041072 1-53208889 In the same way may the second and third roots be found, as follows. When x = 0-3, //< N 2M 180 546' = ^, k. — 1- 0- -1- 0-873 —0-127 0980696 0019304 — 1000009615183 0000009615183 —273 —2-6532 —263814813 :0. 0- 03 03 004 0-34 00073 03473 —00000036446 When The second root = 03472963554 £=0. N ' 2 2M — 1- 2- 9- 7-83 7-6032 — 2- 1- 01 1-159 — 1-9 0159 002 1004672 — 1-88 0004672 0000614 The third root = — 1-879386 CH. IV. § III.] NUMERICAL EQUATIONS. 123 Solution of Numerical Equations. 2. Solve the equation a* — 12*= — 132, which has a root nearly equal to — 6. f7 2T7/ 7^73<]£ t Ans. — 5-8720526& 3. Solve the equation s4-|_8x 2 + 16a? = 440, which has two roots, the first being nearly 4 and the second nearly —4. Ans. 3-97601 and —4350577. 4. Solve the equation 2x 4 — 20 z = — 19, which has two roots, the first being nearly 1, and the second nearly 2. Ans. 10928 and 1-59407. 5. Solve the equation 5x 3 -6z=-2, which has three roots, the first being nearly 1, the second nearly 0, and the third nearly — 1. Ans. 0856, 03785, —1-2345. 184 Problem. To find any root of a number. Solution. If the required root is the nth root of the num- ber h 9 this problem is equivalent to solving the equation x n = h ; so that, if the preceding solution is applied to this case, we have u = x n , U= n a**"" 1. 185. Corollary. When x = a, m = a n , M=zn a*" 1 , N=n(n — l)a n " 9 N _ n(n — l)g"- 2 _ w — 1 2if ~~ 2no n - 1 "~ 2a ' 186. Corollary. It may be observed, since (10*e)« = 10»*e»; 124 ALGEBRA. [CH. IV. § III. Extraction of Hoots. so that if, e < 10, 10»«<10H-i, (10* e)*< 10* <*+*>; and if e>h 10*c>10\ (10*e)»>10* 6 ; that is, if the root is between 10 6 and 10 6 + 1 the nth power is between 10 n6 and 10 n *+ n ; or, otherwise, if the left hand significant figure of the root is b places' from the decimal point, that of the power must be as many as b times n places from this point, and less than 6-|-l times n places from it ; which, combined with the preceding articles, gives the following rule for finding the root of a number. Divide the given number into portions or periods beginning with the decimal point, and let each por- tion or period contain the number of places denoted by the exponent of the power. Find the greatest integral power contained in the left hand period ; and the root of this power is the left hand figure of the required root, and is just as many places distant from the decimal point as the corresponding period is removed by periods from this point Raise the approximate root thus found to the given powtr and subtract it from the given number, and leave the remainder as a dividend. Raise, again, this approximate root to the power next inferior to the given power, and multiply it by the exponent of the given power for a divisor. The quotient of the dividend by the divisor gives the next figure or figures of the root. CH. IV. § III.] NUMERICAL EQUATIONS. 125 Extraction of Roots. The new approximate root, thus found, is to be used in the same waif for a new approximation. The number of places to which each division may usually be carried, is so far as to want but one place of doubling the number of places, to which the pre- ceding approximation was found to be accurate. 186. EXAMPLES. 1. Find the fourth root of 5327012345-641. Solution. In the following solution, the columns are the same as the first and second columns in art. 183, except that the top number of the second column is the root which is separated by space into the parts obtained by each suc- cessive-division, and the number at the top of the first column is divided by spaces into periods. 2 7* 016 32000000 78732000 Ans. 27016.
| 45,794 |
https://github.com/UnGaucho/StarDrive/blob/master/Ship_Game/GameScreens/Espionage/AgentListItem.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
StarDrive
|
UnGaucho
|
C#
|
Code
| 190 | 707 |
using System;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
namespace Ship_Game.GameScreens.Espionage
{
public class AgentListItem : ScrollListItem<AgentListItem>
{
public Agent Agent;
public override void Draw(SpriteBatch batch)
{
SubTexture spy = ResourceManager.Texture("UI/icon_spy");
SubTexture star = ResourceManager.Texture("UI/icon_star");
var r = new Rectangle((int)X, (int)Y, 25, 26);
batch.Draw(spy, r, Color.White);
var namecursor = new Vector2(r.X + 30, r.Y);
batch.DrawString(Fonts.Arial12Bold, Agent.Name, namecursor, Color.White);
namecursor.Y += (Fonts.Arial12Bold.LineSpacing + 2);
batch.DrawString(Fonts.Arial12, Localizer.Token(Agent.MissionNameIndex), namecursor, Color.Gray);
for (int j = 0; j < Agent.Level; j++)
{
var levelRect = new Rectangle((int)Right - 18 - 12 * j, (int)Y, 12, 11);
batch.Draw(star, levelRect, Color.White);
}
if (Agent.Mission != AgentMission.Defending)
{
if (Agent.TargetEmpire.NotEmpty() && Agent.Mission != AgentMission.Training &&
Agent.Mission != AgentMission.Undercover)
{
Vector2 targetCursor = namecursor;
targetCursor.X += 75f;
string mission = Localizer.Token(2199) + ": " +
EmpireManager.GetEmpireByName(Agent.TargetEmpire).data.Traits.Plural;
batch.DrawString(Fonts.Arial12, mission, targetCursor, Color.Gray);
}
else if (Agent.TargetGUID != Guid.Empty && Agent.Mission == AgentMission.Undercover)
{
Vector2 targetCursor = namecursor;
targetCursor.X += 75f;
string mission = Localizer.Token(2199) + ": " + Empire.Universe.PlanetsDict[Agent.TargetGUID].Name;
batch.DrawString(Fonts.Arial12, mission, targetCursor, Color.Gray);
}
if (Agent.Mission != AgentMission.Undercover)
{
Vector2 turnsCursor = namecursor;
turnsCursor.X += 193f;
string mission = Localizer.Token(2200) + ": " + Agent.TurnsRemaining;
batch.DrawString(Fonts.Arial12, mission, turnsCursor, Color.Gray);
}
}
}
}
}
| 45,631 |
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu%C5%9Ftan%20metabolizma%20bozukluklar%C4%B1
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Doğuştan metabolizma bozuklukları
|
https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doğuştan metabolizma bozuklukları&action=history
|
Turkish
|
Spoken
| 223 | 828 |
Doğuştan metabolizma bozuklukları metabolizma bozukluklarını içeren genetik hastalıklardan oluşan geniş bir tanı grubudur. Bunların çoğunluğu bir maddenin başka bir maddeye çevrilmesini kolaylaştıran enzimleri kodlayan tek gen hatalarından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bozuklukların çoğunda sorunlar toksik maddelerin birikmesi ya da normal işlev için gerekli maddelerin sentezlenememesi sonucu yeteneklerin azalması ile görülür. Doğuştan metabolizma bozuklukları konjenital metabolik hastalıklar ya da kalıtımsal metabolik hastalıklar olarak da adlandırılır.
Kalıtımsal metabolik hastalıkların başlıca kategorileri
Geleneksel olarak kalıtımsal metabolik hastalıklar karbonhidrat metabolizması, aminoasit metabolizması, organik asit metabolizması ya da lizozomal depo hastalıkları kategorilerinde incelenmekteydi. Son yıllarda yüzlerce yeni kalıtımsal metabolik hastalığın ortaya çıkarılmasından sonra bu kategorilerin sayısı da artmıştır. Aşağıdakiler konjenital metabolik hastalıkların başlıca kategorileridir ve her birinde bazı örnekler verilmiştir. Birçok diğer hastalık bu kategorilere girmez. Mümkün olan yerlerde ICD-10 kodları verilmiştir.
Karbonhidrat metabolizması bozuklukları
örneğin glikojen depo hastalığı (E74.0)
Aminoasit metabolizması bozuklukları
örneğin fenilketonüri (E70.0), akçaağaç şurubu kokulu idrar hastalığı (E71.0), glutarik asidemi tip 1
Organik asit metabolizması bozuklukları (organik asidüriler)
örneğin alkaptonüri (E70.2)
Yağlı asit oksidasyonu ve mitokondriyal metabolizma bozuklukları
örneğin orta zincir asil dehidrojenaz eksikliği (glutarik asidemi tip 2)
Porfirin metabolizması bozuklukları
örneğin akut intermitan porfiri (E80.2)
Pürin ya da pirimidin metabolizması bozuklukları
örneğin Lesch Nyhan sendromu (E79.1)
Steroid metabolizması bozuklukları
örneğin konjenital adrenal hiperplazi (E25.0)
Mitokondriyal işlev bozuklukları
örneğin Kearns Sayre sendromu (H49.8)
Peroksizomal işlev bozuklukları
örneğin Zellweger sendromu (Q87.8)
Lizozomal depo bozuklukları
örneğin Gaucher hastalığı (E75.22)
| 40,642 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37264093
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Lorenze
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 2,310 | 7,184 |
Lorenze
family name
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze instance of family name
Lorenze Cologne phonetics 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze native label
Lorenze writing system Latin script
Lorenze Wolfram Language entity code Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze attested in 2010 United States Census surname index
Lorenze Geneanet family name ID LORENZE
Lorenze Commons category Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
achternaam
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze is een familienaam
Lorenze Keulse fonetiek 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze label in oorspronkelijke taal
Lorenze schriftsysteem Latijns alfabet
Lorenze Wolfram Language-entiteitscode Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze GeneaNet-identificatiecode voor familienaam LORENZE
Lorenze Commonscategorie Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze is 'n van
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze inheemse etiket
Lorenze skryfstelsel latynse alfabet
Lorenze Commons-kategorie Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
apelliu
Lorenze instancia de apelliu
Lorenze Categoría en Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
apellíu
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze instancia de apellíu
Lorenze fonética de Colonia 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nome nativu
Lorenze sistema d'escritura alfabetu llatín
Lorenze códigu d’entidá en Wolfram Language Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze categoría de Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze sistem panyuratan Aksara Latin
Lorenze
Schreibnam
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze is a Schreibnam
Lorenze Commons-Kategorie Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
anv-tiegezh
Lorenze natur an elfenn anv-tiegezh
Lorenze anv er yezh a orin
Lorenze lizherenneg Lizherenneg latin
Lorenze rummad eus Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
prezime
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze je prezime
Lorenze Cologne fonetika 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze izvorni naziv
Lorenze pismo latinica
Lorenze kategorija na Commonsu Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
cognom
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze instància de cognom
Lorenze fonètica de Colònia 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nom en la llengua original
Lorenze alfabet alfabet llatí
Lorenze codi d'entitat en Wolfram Language Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze atestat a índex de cognoms del cens dels Estats Units del 2010
Lorenze identificador Geneanet de cognom LORENZE
Lorenze categoria de Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze categuria in Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
příjmení
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze instance (čeho) příjmení
Lorenze kolínská fonetika 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze v původním jazyce
Lorenze písmo latinka
Lorenze kategorie na Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
nôzwëskò
Lorenze to je nôzwëskò
Lorenze
cyfenw
Lorenze enghraifft o'r canlynol cyfenw
Lorenze label yn yr iaith frodorol
Lorenze system ysgrifennu yr wyddor Ladin
Lorenze dynodwr Wolfram Language (endid) Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze categori Comin Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
efternavn
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze tilfælde af efternavn
Lorenze Kølnfonetik 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze lokalt navn
Lorenze skriftsystem latinske alfabet
Lorenze Commons-kategori Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Familienname
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze ist ein(e) Familienname
Lorenze Kölner Phonetik 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze Name in Amts- oder Originalsprache
Lorenze Schrift lateinisches Schriftsystem
Lorenze Wolfram-Language-Entitätscode Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze bestätigt in 2010 United States Census Familiennamen-Index
Lorenze Geneanet-Familiennamen-Kennung LORENZE
Lorenze Commons-Kategorie Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Familienname
Lorenze ist eine Instanz von Familienname
Lorenze Name in Amts- oder Originalsprache
Lorenze Commons-Kategorie Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Familienname
Lorenze ist eine Instanz von Familienname
Lorenze Commons-Kategorie Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
family name
Lorenze instance of family name
Lorenze writing system Latin script
Lorenze Commons category Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
surname
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze instance of surname
Lorenze Cologne phonetics 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze writing system Latin script
Lorenze Wolfram Language entity code Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze Commons category Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
familia nomo
Lorenze estas familia nomo
Lorenze kolonja fonetiko 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nomo en originala aŭ oficiala lingvo
Lorenze skribo latina alfabeto
Lorenze ento-kodo de programlingvo Wolfram Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze Komuneja kategorio Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
apellido
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze instancia de apellido
Lorenze fonética de Colonia 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nombre en la lengua nativa
Lorenze alfabeto alfabeto latino
Lorenze código de entidad en el lenguaje de programación Wolfram Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze atestiguado en índice de apellidos del censo de los Estados Unidos de 2010
Lorenze identificador Geneanet de apellido LORENZE
Lorenze categoría en Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
perekonnanimi
Lorenze üksikjuht nähtusest perekonnanimi
Lorenze omakeelne nimetus
Lorenze kiri ladina kiri
Lorenze Commonsi kategooria Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
abizen
Lorenze honako hau da abizen
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze jatorrizko izena
Lorenze alfabetoa latindar alfabetoa
Lorenze Commons-eko kategoria Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze nombri nativu
Lorenze
Lorenze lesdinkeejum
Lorenze
sukunimi
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze esiintymä kohteesta sukunimi
Lorenze Kölnin fonetiikka 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nimi alkuperäiskielellä
Lorenze kirjoitusjärjestelmä latinalaiset aakkoset
Lorenze sukunimen Geneanet-tunniste LORENZE
Lorenze Commons-luokka Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
sukunimi
Lorenze
Lorenze
ættarnavn
Lorenze er eitt ættarnavn
Lorenze Commonscat Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
nom de famille
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze nature de l’élément nom de famille
Lorenze algorithme phonétique de Cologne 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nom dans la langue d'origine
Lorenze système d'écriture alphabet latin
Lorenze code d'entité du langage de programmation Wolfram Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze attesté dans index des noms de famille recensés aux États-Unis en 2010
Lorenze identifiant Geneanet d'un nom de famille LORENZE
Lorenze catégorie Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze as en bääftnööm
Lorenze nööm uun aanj spriak
Lorenze skraft latiinsk alfabeet
Lorenze Commons-kategorii Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
efternamme
Lorenze is in efternamme
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze Commons-kategory Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
sloinne
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze sampla de sloinne
Lorenze foghraíocht Köln 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze lipéad sa teanga dhúchais
Lorenze córas scríbhneoireachta aibítir Laidineach
Lorenze catagóir Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
sloinneadh
Lorenze eisimpleir de sloinneadh
Lorenze ainm dùthchasach
Lorenze roinn-seòrsa Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
apelido
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze instancia de apelido
Lorenze fonética de Colonia 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nome na lingua orixinal
Lorenze alfabeto alfabeto latino
Lorenze código de entidade en Wolfram Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze identificador Geneanet de apelido LORENZE
Lorenze categoría en Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze héra iñe'ẽteépe
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Familiename
Lorenze isch e Familiename
Lorenze Name i de Amts- oder Originalsprooch
Lorenze Alphabet latynischs Alphabet
Lorenze Commons-Kategori Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
sliennoo
Lorenze lipaid dooghyssagh
Lorenze
Lorenze iri sunan gida
Lorenze suna a harshen gida
Lorenze tsarin rubutu Baƙaƙen boko
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
prezime
Lorenze jest prezime
Lorenze ime u domaćem jeziku
Lorenze pismo latinica
Lorenze kategorija na Zajedničkom poslužitelju Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze je swójbne mjeno
Lorenze w hamtskej rěči
Lorenze alfabet łaćonski alfabet
Lorenze kategorija na Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze se yon non fanmi
Lorenze
vezetéknév
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze osztály, amelynek példánya családnév
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze saját nyelvén
Lorenze írásrendszer latin betűs írás
Lorenze Geneanet-családnévazonosító LORENZE
Lorenze Commons-kategória Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze nomine original local
Lorenze systema de scriptura alphabeto latin
Lorenze categoria in Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
nama keluarga
Lorenze adalah nama keluarga
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze label dalam bahasa asli atau resmi
Lorenze sistem penulisan aksara Latin
Lorenze kode entitas Wolfram Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze kategori di Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
ahà nnà
Lorenze Igwe ekwentị LRNS11
Lorenze N'ụdị ndị dị ka ahà nnà
Lorenze Igwe okwu Cologne 5768
Lorenze akara ala
Lorenze Ngalaba commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze panagsurat a sistema sinuratan a Latin
Lorenze kategoria ti Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
surnomo
Lorenze esas surnomo
Lorenze kategorio di Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
eftirnafn
Lorenze er ættarnafn
Lorenze Commons flokkur Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
cognome
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze istanza di cognome
Lorenze fonetica Cologne 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nome originale locale
Lorenze sistema di scrittura alfabeto latino
Lorenze codice entità Wolfram Language Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze identificativo Geneanet LORENZE
Lorenze categoria su Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze serese mupli lazme'e
Lorenze
efternavn
Lorenze
jeneng pancer
Lorenze minangka jeneng pancer
Lorenze kategori ing Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze jergilikli atı
Lorenze jazıw sisteması Latın jazıwı
Lorenze Commons kategoriyası Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze isem aẓaran
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
tek, ata-tek, äwlet esim
Lorenze
tek, ata-tek, äwlet esim
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Nohnahme
Lorenze es e Beischpell för e(n(e)) Nohnahme
Lorenze Saachjobb op Wikkimehdija Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze mînakek ji bo paşnav
Lorenze kategoriya Commonsê Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
hanow
Lorenze ensampel a hanow teylu
Lorenze label teythyek
Lorenze klass Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
nomen gentilicium
Lorenze est nomen gentilicium
Lorenze categoria apud Communia Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
alkunya
Lorenze
Familljennumm
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze ass eng/e(n) Familljennumm
Lorenze Kölner Phonetik 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze Numm an der Amts- oder Originalsprooch
Lorenze Alphabet laténgescht Alphabet
Lorenze Wolfram-Sprooch-Entitéitscode Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze Commons-Kategorie Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze sistem de scrive Alfabeta latina
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze nom in la lengua original
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
pavardė
Lorenze tai yra pavardė
Lorenze pavadinimas originalo kalba
Lorenze rašto sistema lotynų abėcėlė
Lorenze Vikitekos kategorija Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
uzvārds
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze ir uzvārds
Lorenze Ķelnes fonētika 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nosaukums oriģinālvalodā
Lorenze alfabēts latīņu alfabēts
Lorenze Commons kategorija Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze sokajy Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
ingoa whānau
Lorenze
nama keluarga
Lorenze contoh nama keluarga
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze label asli
Lorenze sistem tulisan tulisan Rumi
Lorenze kod entiti Bahasa Wolfram Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze kategori Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
kunjom
Lorenze istanza ta' kunjom
Lorenze kategorija tal-Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze
etternavn
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze forekomst av etternavn
Lorenze Köln-fonetikk 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze lokalt navn
Lorenze alfabet det latinske alfabetet
Lorenze Wolfram Language-id Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze Geneanet familienavn ID LORENZE
Lorenze Commons-kategori Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Familiennaam
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze is en Familiennaam
Lorenze Naam in de Amts- oder Originalspraak
Lorenze Schriftsystem latiensch Alphabet
Lorenze Kategorie op Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze kategory up Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
etternamn
Lorenze førekomst av slektsnamn
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze lokalt namn
Lorenze alfabet det latinske alfabetet
Lorenze Wolfram Language-id Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze Commons-kategori Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
nom d’ostal
Lorenze natura de l'element cognòm
Lorenze nom dins la lenga originala
Lorenze alfabet alfabet latin
Lorenze categoria Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze alimbawa ning apelyídu
Lorenze tubung awus
Lorenze sistema ning pamagsulat Alpabetung Latin
Lorenze Kategoriya ning Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze ta un fam
Lorenze nòmber nativo
Lorenze kategoria di Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze catégorie de wikipedia commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
nazwisko
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze jest to nazwisko
Lorenze Kölner Phonetik 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nazwa oryginalna
Lorenze system pisma alfabet łaciński
Lorenze kod obiektu w języku Wolfram Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze poświadczone w Indeks nazwisk w spisie powszechnym USA z 2010 r.
Lorenze identyfikator nazwiska Geneanet LORENZE
Lorenze kategoria Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
cognòm
Lorenze
Lorenze
sobrenome
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze instância de apelido
Lorenze fonética Cologne 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nome nativo
Lorenze alfabeto alfabeto latino
Lorenze código de entidade na linguagem Wolfram Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze categoria da Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
nome de família
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze instância de sobrenome
Lorenze fonética Cologne 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nome nativo
Lorenze sistema de escrita alfabeto latino
Lorenze código de entidade na linguagem Wolfram Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze categoria na Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
nume de familie
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze este un/o nume de familie
Lorenze fonetica Köln 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nume în limbile autohtone
Lorenze sistem de scriere alfabetul latin
Lorenze categorie la Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze categoria de Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze nomu nativu
Lorenze alfabbetu alfabbetu latinu
Lorenze catigurìa di Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
faimily name
Lorenze instance o faimily name
Lorenze native label
Lorenze writin seestem Laitin script alphabet
Lorenze Commons category Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
goargu
Lorenze lea sohkanamma
Lorenze čállinvuohki latiinnalaš alfabehta
Lorenze Commons-kategoriija Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
maŋŋepnamma
Lorenze
priezvisko
Lorenze je priezvisko
Lorenze v pôvodnom jazyku
Lorenze písmo latinské písmo
Lorenze kategória na Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
priimek
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze primerek od družinsko ime
Lorenze kölnska fonetika 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze ime v domačem jeziku
Lorenze abeceda latinica
Lorenze oznaka entitete Wolfram Language Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze potrjeno v Cenzusni imenik priimkov Združenih držav Amerike 2010
Lorenze kategorija v Zbirki Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
fuelhkienomme
Lorenze
maŋepnamma
Lorenze
Mazita eMhuri
Lorenze
Lorenze
mbiemër
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze instancë e mbiemër
Lorenze Fonetikë e Këlnit 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze emërtimi në gjuhën amë
Lorenze sistemi i shkrimit alfabeti latin
Lorenze kategoria në Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
prezime
Lorenze je prezime
Lorenze kategorija na Ostavi Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
efternamn
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze instans av familjenamn
Lorenze Kölnfonetik 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze originalnamn
Lorenze skriftsystem latinska alfabetet
Lorenze entitets-id i Wolfram language Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze belagt i efternamnsindex för folkräkningen i USA 2010
Lorenze Geneanet familjenamn-ID LORENZE
Lorenze Commons-kategori Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
jina la ukoo
Lorenze ni mfano wa jina la ukoo
Lorenze mfumo wa uanadishi alfabeti ya Kilatini
Lorenze Jamii ya vitu vya kawaida Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze ôryginalne miano
Lorenze kategoryjŏ Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
soyadı
Lorenze Caversham ses bilgisi LRNS11
Lorenze nedir soyadı
Lorenze Köln ses bilgisi 5768
Lorenze sesli dizinde L652
Lorenze yerel dildeki adı
Lorenze yazı sistemi Latin alfabesi
Lorenze Wolfram Dili varlık kodu Entity["Surname", "Lorenze"]
Lorenze Geneanet aile adı kimliği LORENZE
Lorenze Commons kategorisi Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze Ntlawa wa Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze Wikicıyıntıqta törkem Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze Caverphone LRNS11
Lorenze istansa de cognome
Lorenze algoritmo fonètego de Cologne 5768
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nome inte ła łéngua orizenałe
Lorenze alfabeto alfabeto latin
Lorenze ID Geneanet de nome de fameja LORENZE
Lorenze categoria Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
họ
Lorenze là một họ
Lorenze Soundex L652
Lorenze nhãn bản ngữ
Lorenze hệ thống chữ viết bảng chữ cái Latinh
Lorenze thể loại ở Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
Lorenze
no d’ famile
Lorenze nateure di l’ elemint no d' famile
Lorenze
apelyidu
Lorenze
Lorenze
ifani
Lorenze
Lorenze àkórí orúkọ ẹbí
Lorenze Ẹ̀ka Commons Lorenze (surname)
Lorenze
Lorenze
isibongo
Lorenze isibonelo se isibongo
| 38,901 |
https://github.com/jtwray/artificial-artist-be/blob/master/videos/video_model.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
artificial-artist-be
|
jtwray
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 87 | 374 |
const db = require("../data/db_config");
module.exports = {
add,
find,
findBy,
findById,
update,
remove,
};
async function add(data) {
const [ id ] = await db("videos").insert(data, "id");
return id;
// return findById(id);
}
function find() {
return db("videos")
.join('songs', 'songs.id', 'videos.song_id')
.select("videos.id", "videos.video_title", "videos.location", "videos.song_id", "songs.title", "songs.artist_name");
}
function findBy(filter) {
return db("videos").where(filter);
}
function findById(id) {
return db("videos")
.join('songs', 'songs.id', 'videos.song_id')
.select("videos.id", "videos.video_title", "videos.location", "videos.song_id", "songs.title_short", "songs.artist_name")
.where({ 'videos.id': id })
.first();
}
function update(data, id) {
return db("videos").where("id", id).update(data).returning("id");
}
function remove(id) {
return db("videos").where(id).del();
}
| 29,129 |
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney-ABC%20Domestic%20Television
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Disney-ABC Domestic Television
|
https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disney-ABC Domestic Television&action=history
|
French
|
Spoken
| 388 | 596 |
Disney-ABC Domestic Television est une filiale de la Walt Disney Company pour la syndication des émissions de télévision produite par les différentes filiales de Disney. Elle a été créée en 1985 sous la coupe de Buena Vista Distribution sous le nom Buena Vista Television (BVTV). Depuis 2004 elle est rattachée au Disney-ABC Television Group.
Elle assure la distribution des émissions auto-produites, des productions (émissions et téléfilms) d'ABC depuis la création de la chaîne. Elle assure aussi la diffusion des films de Walt Disney Pictures, Caravan Pictures, Touchstone Pictures, Hollywood Pictures, Miramax Films et Dimension Films. Mais elle ne gère pas les productions de Walt Disney Television ou d'ESPN.
Sa filiale Disney-ABC International Television (ex Buena Vista International Television) gère des contrats de diffusion des programmes des différentes filiales de Disney sur 1300 chaînes de 240 pays.
Historique
Buena Vista Television a été créée en 1985 sous la coupe de Buena Vista Distribution.
Elle a été rattachée en 1996 à ABC mais diffuse des émissions sous son propre nom au Canada. Buena Vista Television est devenu le second (puis en 1999 le seul) organe de syndication d'ABC. Le premier était WorldVision tandis que les films était produit par ABC Circle Films.
Le , avec la création du ABC Entertainment Television Group, Disney regroupe le Walt Disney Television Studio, les Buena Vista Television Productions et la ABCs Prime Time Division sous la même direction.
En 2004 elle est rattachée au Disney-ABC Television Group.
Le , cette filiale a été renommée Disney-ABC Domestic Television .
Le , Charter Communications a signé un contrat de VOD avec Disney-ABC Domestic Television pour des films familiaux
Le , Magyar Telekom signe un contrat de VOD avec Disney pour diffuser des épisodes de Revenge et Once Upon a Time en exclusivité 72 heures après leur sortie américaine.
Séries produites
C-16: FBI
Gargoyles
Mike Land
The Tony Danza Show
La Garde du Roi lion
Ebert & Roeper
Who Wants to Be a Millionnaire
Unsolved Mysteries
Live with Regis and Kelly produit par la chaîne WABC-TV mais dont les droits appartient à BVTV
The Golden Girls
Home Improvement
Boy Meets World
Legend of the Seeker : L'Épée de vérité
Notes et références
Liens externes
Vista Television sur IMDb
Syndicated Network Television Association-Buena Vista Television
Filiale de la Walt Disney Company
Disney Media Networks
Entreprise fondée en 1985
| 48,921 |
https://github.com/bolt/core/blob/master/assets/js/app/editor/Components/Markdown.vue
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,023 |
core
|
bolt
|
Vue
|
Code
| 62 | 247 |
<template>
<div>
<vue-easymde :id="name" v-model="val" :name="name" :configs="config"></vue-easymde>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import VueEasymde from 'vue-easymde';
export default {
name: 'EditorMarkdown',
components: {
VueEasymde,
},
props: {
value: String,
name: String,
},
data: () => {
return {
val: null,
config: {
spellChecker: false,
status: false,
toggleFullScreen: true,
},
};
},
mounted() {
this.val = this.$options.filters.strip(this.value);
},
};
</script>
<style scoped>
@import '~easymde/dist/easymde.min.css';
</style>
| 40,893 |
developmentofrat00smitrich_22
|
US-PD-Books
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
The development of rates of postage; an historical and analytical study
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,271 | 10,200 |
p. 462. " It may happen (quite acceptably) that a surplus comes in from an under- taking which is primarily carried on for administrative purposes alone. A striking instance of this is afforded by the letter post. If the administrative purpose in question admitted of no aim beyond the covering of its own expenses, such a surplus would have no meaning, or at any rate no other meaning than that of a surplus in the hands of a consumers' club, which is returned to the members, on the closing of the accounts for the year, in the proportion in which they have contributed to it. The fact that the postal service not only retains any such surplus but even (with due regard to its primarily administrative function) consciously seeks it, is to be explained on the ground that, without hindrance to the administrative function, the difierent abilities of the citizens to contribute to public purposes may be drawn on by this means, with desirable results which are not attainable in any other way." — G. Cohn, op. cit., p. 94. Cf. The Development of the Post Office, Fabian Kesearch Department, London, 1916, pp. 43-7. * The extent to which any such disadvantage may be experienced is, of course, largely minimized by the existence of a low rate containing no element of tax, (see supra Chapter IV) for most of the formal documents of commerce. "^ " It is wholly misleading to point to the fact that the business of the Post Office now yields a very considerable profit, and to suggest that increased remuneration can easily be provided from that source. That profit is not in a bag to be drawn upon at will. It goes into the National Exchequer, and forms part of the revenue of the country, and if two or three millions is taken from it, the deficit in the Exchequer must be made good in other ways. And it has never been admitted, nor can it now be admitted, that the profits of the Post OflSioe belong in equity to the stafi rather than to the taxpayer. The Post Office is not like a private business. Parliament has established a monopoly, and has jBxed certain rates of postage. If Parliament chose to relax that monopoly, or APPENDIXES 367 to reduce those rates of postage, the profit would straightway disappear. It does not do so, because it desires to retain for the Exchequer the sums so brought. " Parliament has also established the sixpenny telegram, extended the tele- graph service into remote rural districts, and has given very cheap rates to the Press. This has resulted in the telegraphs being worked at a loss of over a million a year. No one would suggest that it would be just, because of this loss, to reduce the wages of the men and women employed in the telegraph service, and it is equally beside the mark to quote the profits on the postal side as though the pay of the staff should be determined by their amount." — The Right Hon. Herbert Samuel, British Postmaster General, to a deputation from the staff, 19th November 1913. 368 RATES OF POSTAGE VII. GRAPHS /ii UNITED KINGDOM 5 m INLAND RATES OF POSTAGE im^ AND NEfvRAres /^rROOOCeo /^ l^ i f^r f^ovjEMa£R. /9/sr / //-: hf- / PARCEL / /> RATE 1 1 .t / / UMiT/IfL /^ 1 i .V / s< li ^7 / 8< i / / ^ / .^ ^ ^^ / 7^ ^1 iS ^^ y / /^ ^^ y^ NEiV J^&WSPAP£R RATS ^j / •' ^^ / ^^ L/M/r S/6. 6* 1 ■' /^ l^ Si i/^/ l< I / / LfMlT6fL k^ — "~ » x - _ i A/c u/t^oj oen a a re "2 — ■ ■ ■ 1 Ntrwor'ArcH riATc r l/M/TSfh. HL a/L 2/L lt/6 S/i eJh 7/h 8/6 9/h W/h ///6 /E> APPENDIXES 369 25 370 RATES OF POSTAGE &000 %T es S.500 ee ii S.OOO to /y 4SOO /# ifiOO /# tSOO lO 9 ifiOO $ 7 LSOO € e tpOO 4 3 / 0 0 UNITED KINGDOM im-m) TOTAL Ml/MBeit Of POSVU PMt(£T3 OtUVEftBO CROSS AeveAft/e sxPCMDiTvme om *>osrAL seju^/ces. /; h A TOTAL RLVENUt -f t»90 090 EXPEND!) % iMmoDucnoM ofwiiFOitM pgMA/y PosrAcr f e/t/tue/i NUMBCAS Mor Am/LABie \ O/ANOe IN MCTHOO OfACeOUMT/Mt f^JEJ ■ \RIVENIJE luo m6o '8TO lago /ato i90o tvo mo APPENDIXES 371 WWOMS ISO UNITED KINGDOM More. Mines tre/te REDUCeO IN MAY t886, JUAfe 1&S7. AND JULr/906, 1993 1988 /S93 1898 f905 /908 /f/S 372 RATES OF POSTAGE / Zoo lerrEfts /00.000.000 POSTCAKDi BOOK fwau fAKClLi MliUOMS *90 SS /SO /so so no to /oo /TO £7 90 9 80 fSO etf TO 8 60 ao St so 7 40 t40 18 so 6 20 ISO /6 to S O /SO t» 4 (to 9 no 6 90 S 80 O UNITED KINGDOM MOVBMm OF SnTISTICS OF POSTAL TtlAfr/C A / / LBrre/iS oeuyeneo HMTCMROt _ fAficeis — I9SO APPENDIXES 373 UNITED KINGDOM / \ £NCi^iHO NUMBSR OFL£TT£fiS D£Uy£R£D P£M H£AD ! OF POPULATtON (/8S4 -f9/4) / /^ / iuNITBD t 1 K/NCDOM . / / / .^ j / A •' •^~* / tt/^n-rt M tu y J I SCOTlAA/ / / / /""•s // /^^^'^ / "■''' J y ,/ .^^^ f J J f 1 / ^t^BLAND / / j f' ■^ / ^ / f' f' / t^ ."'' r"' / r r'^y^r^ (' '''' / r"^"^ J -' r-f-s^ •* • r^r^ ^"^ ■ ,.^j/p ^..'^ \y^'/ ^. '^ -^— -^ '''* ,.^'^-'''"' ,''^''' ,--— »^' (' l%S4 l&GO IS70 /S80 /S90 /900 i9fO /920 APPENDIX B DOCUMENTS AND EXTRACTS ILLUSTRATING ASPECTS OF POSTAL HISTORY (i) Ancient Posts. Persia [circa B.C. 500). " In Darius's idea of government was included rapidity of com- munication. Eegarding it as of the utmost importance that the orders of the Court should be speedily transmitted to the provincial Governors, and that their reports and those of the royal secretaries should be received without needless delay, he established along the lines of route already existing between the chief cities of the Empire, a number of post-houses, placed at regular intervals, according to the estimated capacity of a horse to gallop at his best speed without stopping. At each post-house were maintained, at the cost of the State, a number of couriers and several relays of horses. When a despatch was to be forwarded, it was taken to the first post-house along the route, where a courier received it, and immediately mounting on horse- back, galloped with it to the next station. Here it was delivered to a new courier, who, mounted on a fresh horse, took it the next stage on its journey ; and thus it passed from hand to hand till it reached its destination. According to Xenophon, the messengers travelled by night as well as by day ; and the conveyance was so rapid that some even compared it to the flight of birds. Excellent inns or caravanserais were to be found at every station ; bridges or ferries were established upon all the streams ; guard-houses occurred here and there, and the whole route was kept secure from the brigands who infested the Empire. Ordinary travellers were glad to pursue so convenient a line of march ; it does not appear, however, that they could obtain the use of post-horses, even when the Government was in no need of them. '* Note. — It was not the distance a horse ridden gently could 374 APPENDIXES 375 accomplish in the entire day, but the distance he could bear to be galloped once a day. From the account which Herodotus gives of the post-route between Sardis and Susa, we may gather that the Persians fixed this distance at about fourteen miles." — George Eawlinson, The Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World, London, 1871, vol. iii. pp. 426-7. Boman Empire. "The advantage of receiving the earliest intelligence, and of conveying their orders with celerity, induced the Emperors to establish throughout their extensive dominions the regular institu- tion of posts. Houses were everywhere erected at the distance only of five or six miles ; each of them was constantly provided with forty horses, and, by the help of these relays, it was easy to travel an hundred miles in a day along the Koman roads. The use of the posts was allowed to those who claimed it by an Imperial mandate ; but though originally intended for the public service, it was sometimes indulged to the business or conveniency of private citizens (Pliny, though a favourite and a minister, made an apology for granting post-horses to his wife on the most urgent business)." — Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, London, ed. 1896, vol. i. p. 50. Arabia. " The first traces of the Arabian postal arrangements date from about fifty years after the death of Mahomed. Calif Mdowija, who died in 679, is regarded as the founder of the Arabian posts. Kodama, a native of Bagdad, who died in 959, gives an account of the service in his work called The Book of Taxes. There were 930 postal stations on the six great highroads starting from Bagdad. At some stations there were relays of horses, but in Syria and Arabia the messengers rode on camels ; and in Persia the letters were conveyed from station to station by messengers on foot. The postal service under the Califs was an independent branch of the administration, and in addition to the conveyance of despatches and travellers was added the supervision of all the authorities in outlying possessions. Of the two classes of superior postal officers, the nowaqquium was the postmaster who received the postal packets and letters and attended to their conveyance, whereas the farwaneqqyun was a kind of chief postmaster at the capital of a province, who controlled the work of the postmasters and made his own report on all the civil and military authorities to 376 RATES OF POSTAGE the central office in Bagdad. These reports were so valuable that Calif Abu Djafar Manssur is credited with the statement: 'My throne rests on four pillars, and my power on four men — a blame- less kazi (judge), an energetic chief of police, an honest minister of finance, and a faithful postmaster who gives me reliable information on everything.' It has been said that the Eoman cursus publicus, the frumentarii, the agentes in rebus, and the curiosi served a similar purpose, but the Arabian arrangement was more systematic. In the Post Office of the Califs the letters and packets posted, as well as those received from other places, were entered in special lists, where their number and address had to be stated. This prac- tice was observed in India till a few years ago, and it will thus be seen that the letter bill of the modern posts was in use already among the Egyptians in 270 B.C., and also among the Arabs. From the information that has been preserved, it is inferred that the Arabian posts did, to a certain extent, transmit private letters, but this was not done officially, and the couriers and postmasters conveyed such correspondence, along with the official despatches, on their own account." — I. G. J. Hamilton, Outline of Postal History, Calcutta, 1910, p. 4. Mexico. " Communication was maintained with the remotest parts of the country by means of couriers. Post-houses were established on the great roads, about two leagues distant from each other. The courier, bearing his despatches in the form of a hieroglyphical painting, ran with them to the first station, where they were taken by another messenger and carried forward to the next ; and so on till they reached the capital. These couriers, trained from child- hood, travelled with incredible swiftness — not four or five leagues an hour, as an old chronicler would make us believe, but with such speed that despatches were carried from one to two hundred miles a day. Fresh fish was frequently served at Montezuma's table in twenty-four hours from the time it had been taken in the Gulf of Mexico, two hundred miles from the capital. In this way intelH- gence of the movements of the royal armies was rapidly brought to Court ; and the dress of the courier, denoting by its colour the nature of his tidings, spread joy or consternation in the towns through which he passed."— W. H. Prescott, History of the Con- quest of Mexico, London, 1903, pp. 20, 21. A similar system existed in Peru (W. H. Prescott, History of tJie Conquest of Peru, Philadelphia, 1874, vol. i. p. 69). APPENDIXES 377 China. " From the city of Kanbulu ^ there are many roads leading to the different provinces, and upon each of these, that is to say, upon every great highroad, at the distance of twenty-five or thirty miles, accordingly as the towns happen to be situated, there are stations, with houses of accommodation for travellers, called yainb or post- houses. These are large and handsome buildings, having several well-furnished apartments hung with silk, and provided with every- thing suitable to persons of rank. Even kings may be lodged at these stations in a becoming manner, as every article required may be obtained from the towns and strong places in the vicinity ; and for some of them the Court makes regular provision. At each station four hundred good horses are kept in constant readiness, in order that all messengers going and coming upon the business of the grand khan, and all ambassadors, may have relays, and, leaving their jaded horses, be supplied with fresh ones. . . . When it is necessary that messengers should proceed with extraordinary despatch, as in the cases of giving information of disturbance in any part of the country, the rebellion of a chief or other important matter, they ride two hundred, or sometimes two hundred and fifty miles in the course of a day." — Travels of Marco Polo the Venetian, London, 1904, pp. 190 et seq. (ii) Nunc 1 1 and Cursores. •' The Royal Nuncii et Cursores constituted a very important branch of the Royal Establishment, and the payments to them form a very large and important item in the Household and Wardrobe Accounts from the earliest period when those accounts exist. *' These Messengers were employed both in England and in foreign parts, and as well on affairs of State as what may be con- sidered as the private and confidential business of the Crown and Royal Family and the individuals attached to or composing the Royal Court. These Messengers, so attached to the Court, became the foundation of the establishment, which about the time of Henry VIII, or somewhat earlier, assumed the form of the regular establishment of the Post ; and the information connected with them is important, as showing that the institution was intimately connected with the person of the sovereign, and that, in the first instance, it was his convenience that was sought. Those servants who, by usage, were more particularly employed on State affairs, probably became those who are now specially termed the ' Queen's • Pekin. 378 RATES OF POSTAGE Messengers.' " — Beport from Secret Committee on the Post Office (Commons), 1844, Appx., p. 21. (iii) WiTHERiNGs' Scheme for the Reform of the Posts, 1635. A Proposition for setling of Staffets or pacquet posts betwixt London and all parts of his Maiesties dominions, for the carry- ing and recarrying of his subiects Ires. The cleere proffitt whereof to goe towards the payment of the Postm" of y® Roades of England, for w^*" his Ma*'® is now chardged w*^ 3400/. p ailm. In the first place, a certen office or compting house to be by his Ma**® appointed w*Mn the cittie of London, of pm-pose for carrying out & receiving in of all Lfes to be conveyed from y® cittie of London into all p*" w*^in his Ma*^ dominions & answers thereof retorned to the said Cittie of London, according as occasion shall serve. Inprimis, for the Northerne and Scotland roade. All lfes to be put into one Portmantle that shalbe directed to Edenburgh in Scotland, and for all places of the s^ roade, or neere the s^ roade, to be accordinglie put into y® s^ Portmantle, w*^ pticuler baggs directed to such Postm" as live upon the Road neere unto any Cittie or Towne Corporate. As for Example — One Bagge to be directed to Cambridge w*^ such lfes therein as shalbe directed to that place or neere thereunto ; to take port for them as is now p3 to the Carriers, w°^ is Two pence a single Ire, and so accordinglie as they shalbe in bignes. At Cambridge a footpost to be provided, w*^ a knowne badge of his Ma*° Armes, whome upon the markett dales is to goe to all Townes w'^'in 6 : 8 : or 10 miles, there to receive & deliver all such lies as shalbe directed to those places. The lfes that the s* footpost shall then and there receive, hee is to bring them to the s** Towne of Cambridge before the retorne of the Portmantle out of Scotland, w^^ is to retorne at a certen dale & houre, by w°^ meanes they male be upon the verie instante comeing back of the s** Portmantle, as before, put into a little bagge, w*^^ s^ bagg is to be put into y® q^ Portmantle as aforesaid. It is alwaies to be understood that upon the verie instant cominge of the Portmantle to Cambridge, the bagg of lfes for that place & thereaboutes ymmediatly to be tooke out of the s^ Portmantle ; the said Portmantle being presentlie to goe forwards, night and day, w^^'out stay, to Huntingdon, w*^ fresh horse & man. At w*'^ place the like rule is to be observed as before at Cambridge, & so the s* APPENDIXES 379 Portmantle is to goe from Stage to Stage, night & day, till it shall come to Edenburgh. The bags of Ires to be left at all Stages as at Cambridge and Huntingdon, as before. Only it is to be understood, that the further the Ires shall goe, the port thereof is to be advanced, as to S**, 4**, & 6**, & to Scotland more. By this way of carrying and recarrying of Ires, His Ma*" subjects shall, once in 6 dales, receive answer from Edenburgh in Scotland, and so consequently from all p'" betwixt London & Scotland. The dale and howre of the comeing and going of the s*^ Portmantle to and from London to be alwaies certaine. By w°^ meanes all Stages upon the Eoad will knowe at what certen howre the Port- mantle is to come to y* place. It is truth it male be alledged, that some Citties & Townes of noate will lye so farre from any of the mayne Koads of England, as Hull & other Townes of noate upon the Sea coasts, as that it wilbe impossible for a footman to carry and recarry the s* Ires w^'in such time as shalbe limitted : for remedie thereof a horse is to be pro- vided for the s* footpost, for the execucon of the s* service w*** more expedicon. The like rule is to be observed to Westchester & so to Ireland. The Hke rule is to be observed to Oxford, Bristoll, & so to Ireland. The like rule is to be observed to Worcester, Shrewesbury, and so to y* Marches of Wales. The like rule to be observed to Exceter, & so to Plymouth. The like rule to be observed to Canterbury, & so to Dovo'. The like rule to be observed to Chelmesford, Colchester, and so to Harw*^^- The like rule to be observed to Newmarket, Bury, Norw***, and so to Yarmouth. In the first place, it wilbe a great furtherance to the corre- spondency betwixt London & Scotland, & London & Ireland, and great help to Trades, & true afifeccbn of his Ma'" subiects betwixt theis kingdomes, which, for want of true correspondency of Ires, is now destroyed, & a thing above all things observed by all other nations. As for Example — If anie of his M*'" subiects shall write to Madrill, in Spain, hee shall receive answer sooner & surer then hee shall out of Scotland or Ireland. The Ires being now carried by carriers or footposts 16 or 18 miles a day, it is full two monthes before any answer can be received from Scotland or Ireland to London, w*'** by this Con- veyance all Ires shall goo 120 miles at y® least in one day & night. 380 RATES OF POSTAGE It will Secondlie be alledged, that it is a wrong to the Carriers that bring the said letters. To which is answered, a Carrier setts out from Westchester to London on the Mundaie, w"^ is 120 miles. The s* Carrier is 8 dales upon the Eoad, and upon his cominge to London delivers his letters of advise for his relodinge to West- chester againe, and his forced to stale in London two dales at extraordinary charges before he can get his loding redy. By this Conveyance Ires wilbe fro Westchester to London in one day & night, so that the s^ Carriers loading wilbe made ready a weeke before the s^ Carriers shall come to London, and they no sooner come to London but male be redy to depte againe. The like will fall out in all other pts. Besides, if at any time there should be occasion to write from anie of the coast Townes in England or Scotland to London, by this Conveyance Ires wilbe brought ymmediatly : & from all such places there wilbe weekely advise to & from London. As for Example — Anie fight at Sea : any distress of his Ma*^ shipps, (w***" Godd for- bidd), anie wrong offered by any other nation to any of y® Coaste of England, or anie of his Ma*^ forts : the Posts being punctually paid, the newes will come sooner then thought. It wilbe, thirdlie, alledged that this service male be ptended by the Lo : Stanhope to be in his graunt of Post M' of England. To w°** is answered, neither the Lo : Stanhope, nor anie other that ever enjoyed the Postm^ place of England, had any benefitt of the carrying and recarrying of the subiects Lfes : beside, the profitt is to pale y® Posts of the Road, w°^ next unto his Ma"®, belong to y® office of the s"* Lo : Stanhope, and upon determinacTon of any of the s^ Posts places, by death or otherwise, the Lo : Stanhope will make as much of them as hath heretofore bin made by this said advancement of all theire places. The Lord Stanhope now enioying what either bee or any of his Predecessor hath ever heretofore done to this day. (Indorsed by Sec. Coke) "Proposition for Missive Letters." — Beport from Secret Committee on the Post Office (Commons), 1844, Appx., pp. 55-6. (iv) The Monopoly and the General Farm of the Posts. No. 1. " Whereas heretofore sundry wayes have bene devised to redresse the disorders among the postes of our realme in generall, and par- APPENDIXES 381 ticularly to prevent the inconveniences, both to our owne service and the lawfull trade of the honest merchants, by prohibiting that no persons whatsoever should take upon them, pubhquely or privately, to procure, gather up, receive . . . any packets or letters to or from the countreys beyond the seas, except such our ordinarie posts and messengers for those parties, etc." — Royal Proclamation, April 26th 1591, No. 2. " There has long been a constant trade betwixt London and Norwich in sundry sorts of stuffs and stockings made in Norwich and Norfolk, which trade has always been maintained by the merchants of Norwich employing their stocks in buying wares of the makers and sending them up weekly in carts by common carriers to London, whence they are dispersed into all parts of this kingdom, and also exported to foreign parts, in which intercourse of trade we always had our letters safely and speedily carried by our common carrier, by a horseman, not in manner of postage by change of horses, but as is usual by common carriers, and for little or no charge to us. Of late Mr. Witherings has intercepted our letters and molested our carriers, forbidding them to carry any of our letters otherwise than to go along with their carts, and no faster." — Petition to Privy Council, 1638 ; J. W. Hyde, The Post in Grant and Farm, London, 1894, p. 131. No. 3. " . . . By a Proclamation dated about July 1635 his Majestie did expresse his pleasure, that Thomas Witherings should have the carriage of the said letters who would settle it in a better and more speedy course ; thereupon he undertook the said work, and for a long time, after his said undertaking, it cost him some weeks 20Z. 301. 40Z. more than he received, to the great weakening and hazard of the ruine of his estate. It is verie true, that untill he had his patent of his Office granted unto him for his Ufe, which was in the yeare 1637, he did in some places lay horses of his owne, in others he did make use of the ordinarie Post-horses, and because he desired quick dispatch, hee paid them for a guide and a horse to Carrie the male 6d. per mile, after not conceiving a guide necessarie he made only use of one horse, and paid 3d. per mile. ... for the other Posts, they have 3d. per mile which is more than ordinarie pay. But the objection which seems to carrie the greatest shew, pr Qplouj: of probabilitie with it is ; That the P°"' had formerly 382 RATES OF POSTAGE 4,000Z. per annum fee, onely for carrying his Majesties packets, that Witherings hath reduced this to 2,053Z. per annum, and yet puts a greater burthen upon them by carrying his male ; hath displaced many of them and received 4,000Z. for Post places." — Full and cleare answer to a false and scatidalous Paper entituled : The humble Bemon- s trance of the grievances of all his Majesties Posts of England, together with Carriers, Waggoners, etc., 1641, pp. 2, 3. No. 4. Eeasons presented to the Committee for Postmasters why the office should not be farmed : — (1) What is of public interest, if farmed, often becomes a great public grievance. (2) The postmasters who have served faithfully and others who run best to Lynn, Yarmouth, etc., must be restrained and will com- plain as they did in 1642 to the late Parliament which ordered them redress. (3) By farming, the pay of postmasters will be made so incon- siderable that they will grow careless. (4) The expectations of the people now at this juncture so highly raised to hopes of ease and freedom, will be disappointed when they see new monopolies. Suggestions for reducing the office into one channel, for easing the people, encouraging the postmasters and raising money for the public : — 1. To declare it unsafe for private persons to erect post stages without licence. 2. To chose faithful persons in all the roads and appoint a super- visor on each road. 3. To declare that you have appointed them postmasters and give power to their controller only to sign labels for speedy convey- ance of mails and give them writs of assistance. Signed by Eobert Girdler and seven others. — Calendar of State Papers {Domestic Series), 26th November, 1652. No. 5. Offers of the well-affected postmasters to the Posts' Com- mittee. . .. The order of the Council in the case of the Inland Post Office being that it be improved to the greatest advantage either by farm or account, they conceive the advantages consist not so much in the APPENDIXES 383 advance of money, as the service and safety of the State, and beg to offer, 1. That persons of known integrity may be employed in all parts, and a suflQcient salary allowed, as becomes a trust of that great concernment. 2. That a fit person be appointed for the control thereof, according to orders from the State, etc. 3. As righteousness exalteth a nation, it is hoped that after the expense of so much blood and treasure, the very things adjudged and condemned in others (viz. monopolies) will not now be practised, but that next to public safety, you will be tender of the people's just liberty ; for both by the laws of God and man it is lawful for every man to employ himself in a lawful calling, especially in that to which he has been bred, and it is also lawful for divers men to employ themselves in one calhng, otherwise there must be as many callings as men. 4. For avoiding of many inconveniencies that will follow in the farming of it, viz. The persons depositing or obliging themselves for so much money a year, will not lay out themselves and their estates without expectation of profit, which must arise either out of the people's letters or postmasters' labour, besides the hazard to the Common- wealth ; for notwithstanding the faithfulness of the postmasters yet if they will not do their work at their rates (which may prove an oppression too heavy, like that in Egypt) others shall. — Calendar of State Papers (DoTuestic Series), May 1653. No. 6. " Petition of John Mann, Mayor, and 22 aldermen & inhabitants of Norwich : — *' Having much commerce with London we have always employed a faithful and careful messenger to carry letters, bills of exchange, etc., but he has lately been molested by John Manley whose agents have not only rifled and detained our letters and goods, but charged more than double price for small parcels of ware, which is a greater burden to many of us than the monthly assessment. . .. " Having bought our liberties at vast expense of blood and treasure, we hope not again to be troubled with distasteful mono- polies but to have liberty to convey our letters freely." — Calendar of State Papers {Domestic Series), 1653-4, p. 25. No. 7. " Also it hinders a man to be as civil as otherwise he would, or might be, in having, or returning an accompt to, or from his friend, 384 RATES OF POSTAGE many a man in these times being forced to set a greater value of 6d. or 3d. then of three times as much in former times, when money- was more plentiful ; and certainly any man but a Farmer wil confess it to be a strange imposition, that a man cannot have an accompt of the condition of his Wife or Family, without paying thrice as much as he need ; & it seems as unreasonable for a man to be forced to pay 3d. for what may be done for a penny, (in relation to Letters) as for a man to be compelled to pay thrice as much for meat or any other commodity, as the price currant." — J. Hill, A Penny Post, London, 1659, p. 7. No. 8. 1657, Cap. 30. Postage of England, Scotland, and Ireland settled. " Whereas it hath been found by experience, That the Erection and Settling of one General Post Office, for the speedy Conveying, Carrying, and Ee-carrying of Letters by Post, to and from all Places within England, Scotland and Ireland, and into several parts beyond the Seas, hath been, and is the best means, not only to maintain a certain and constant Intercourse of Trade and Commerce betwixt all the said Places, to the great benefit of the People of these Nations, but also to convey the Publique Despatches, and to discover and prevent many dangerous, and wicked Designs, which have been and are daily contrived against the Peace and Welfare of this Commonwealth, the Intellegence whereof cannot well be Communicated, but by Letter of Escript, "Be it Enacted by His Highness the Lord Protector and the Parliament, And it is Enacted and Ordained by Authority thereof, That from henceforth there be one General Office, to be called and known by the name of the Post Office of England, and one Officer from time to time to be nominated, etc." — H. Scobell, A Collection of Acts and Ordinances, London, 1658, p. 511. (v) Extract from '' The Present State of London," By Tho. de Laune, Gent., London, 1681. Of the Post-office. This Office is now kept in Lumbard- street, formerly in Bishops- gate-street, the Profits of it are by Act of Parliament settled on his Eoyal Highness the Duke of York. But the King by Letters Patents, under the Great Seal of England, constitutes the Post- Master-General. APPENDIXES 385 From this General OflQce, Letters and Packets are dispatched : On Mondays — To France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Flanders, Sweedland, Denmark, Kent, and the Downs. On Tuesdays — To Holland, Germany, Sweedland, Denmark, Ireland, Scotland, and all parts of England and Wales. On Wednesdays — To all parts of Kent, and the Downs. On Thursdays — To France, Spain, Italy, and all parts of England and Scotland. On Fridays — To Flanders, Germany, Italy, Sweedland, Denmark, Holland, Kent, and the Downs. On Saturdays — All parts of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Letters are returned from all parts of England and Scotland, certainly every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday ; from Wales every Monday and Friday ; and from Kent and the Downs every day : But from other parts more uncertainly, in regard of the Sea. A Letter containing a whole sheet of Paper is convey'd 80 Miles for 2d. two sheets for 4d. and an Ounce of Letters for 8d. and so proportionably ; a Letter containing a sheet is conveyed above 80 miles for 3d. two sheets for 6d. and every Ounce of Letters for 12d. A sheet is conveyed to Dublin for 6d. two for a shilling, and an Ounce of Letters for 12d. This Conveyance by Post is done in so short a time, by night as well as by day, that every 24 hours, the Post goes 120 Miles, and in five days, an answer of a Letter may be had from a Place 300 Miles distant from the Writer. Moreover, if any Gentlemen desire to ride Post, to any Principal Town of England, Post Horses are always in readiness, (taking no Horse without the consent of his owner) which in other Kings Eeigns was not duly observed ; and only 3d . is demanded for every English Mile, and for every Stage to the Post-Boy, 4d. For conducting. Besides this Excellent convenience of conveying Letters, and Men on Horse-back, there is of late such an admirable com- modiousness, both for Men and Women of better rank, to travel from London, and to almost all the Villages near this great City, that the like hath not been known in the World, and that is by Stage-Coaches, wherein one may be transported to any place, sheltred from foul Weather, and foul ways, free from endamaging 26 386 RATES OF POSTAGE ones Health or Body by hard jogging, or over violent motion ; and this not only at a low price, as about a shilling for every five Miles, but with such velocity and speed, as that the Posts in some Foreign Countries, make not more Miles in a day ; for the Stage- Coaches, called Flying-Coaches, make forty or fifty Miles in a day, as from London to Oxford or Cambridge, and that in the space of twelve hours, not counting the time for Dining, setting forth not too early, nor coming in too late. The several Bates that now are and have been taken for the Carriage of Letters, Pacquets, and Parcels, to or from any of His Majesties Dominions, to or from any other parts or places beyond the Seas, are as followeth, that is to say. Morlaix, St. Maloes, Caen, Newhaven, distance, Carriage paid to Rouen and places of like Hamburgh, Colen, Frankfort, Carriage paid to Antwerp, is Venice, Geneva, Legorn, Rome, Naples, Messina, and all other parts of Italy by way of Venice, Franct pro Mantua Single Double Treble Ounce Single Double Treble Ounce Single Double Treble Ounce Single Marseilles, Smirna, Constantinople, Aleppo, and all parts of J Double Turky, Carriage paid to Marseilles And for Letters brought from the same places to England The Carriage of Letters brought into England, from Calice, Diep, Bulloigu, Abbeville, Amiens, St. Omers, Montrel Rouen Genoua, Legorn, Rome, and other parts of Italy by way of j Lyons, Franct pro Lyons I The Carriage of Letters Outwards — To Bourdeaux, Rochel, Nants, Orleans, Bayon, Tours, and places of like distance. Carriage paid to Paris 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 2 1 f Ounce 2 V Ounce 2 Single Double Treble Ounce Single Double Treble Ounce Single Double Treble Ounce Single Double 2 f Ounce 2 Ounce 3 Single 0 Double 1 Treble 2 Ounce 2 d. 6 0 6 6 8 4 0 0 9 6 3 8 0 0 9 8 8 4 0 0 4 8 0 0 6 0 6 6 0 0 9 9 9 6 3 0 APPENDIXES 387 Letters brought from the same places into England Paris 8. d. Single 1 0 Double 2 0 J Ounce 3 0 Ounce 4 0 The Carriage of Letters Outwards — . Single 1 0 To Norembourgh, Bremen, Dantzick, Lubeck, Lipswick, and J Double 2 0 other places of like distance, Carriage paid to Hamburgh I | Ounce 3 0 \ Ounce 4 0 Single 0 9 Double 1 6 Treble 2 3 Ounce 2 0 Dunkirk, Ostend, Lisle, Ipers, Cambray, Ghent, Bruxels, Bruges, / Single 0 8 Antwerp, and all other parts of Flanders. Double 1 4 Sluce, Flushing, Middleburgh, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Delph, Treble 2 0 Hague, and all other parts of Holland and Zealand. Ounce 2 0 All Merchants Accounts, not exceeding a Sheet, Bills of Exchange, Invoices, Bills of Lading, shall be allowed without rate in the price of the Letters, and also the Covers of the Letters not exceeding a Sheet, to Marseilles, Venice, or Legorn, towards Turkie. The said Office is managed by a Deputy, and other Officers to the Number of seventy seven persons; who give their actual attendance respectively, in the dispatch of the business. Upon this Grand Office, depends one hundred eighty two Deputy- Post-Masters in England and Scotland; most of which keep Eegular Offices in their Stages, and Sub-Post- Masters in their Branches ; and also in Ireland, another General Office for that Kingdom, which is kept in Dublin, consisting of Eighteen like Officers, and Forty-five Deputy-Post-Masters. The Present Post-Master-General, keeps constantly, for the transport of the said Letters and Pacquets ; / France, two Pacquet-Boats. ^ , X-. , 3 3 Flanders, two Pacquet-Boats, Between England and ^^,,. ,, _^ t3„_„^, t^_,. 1 Holland, three Pacquet-Boats. Ireland, three Pacquet-Boats. And at Deal, two Pacquet-Boats for the Downs. All which Officers, Post-Masters, Pacquet-Boats, are maintained at his own proper Charge. And as the Master-piece of all those good regulations, estabUshed by the present Post-Master-General, for the better Government of the said Office, he hath annexed and appropriated the Market-Towns of England, so well to their Respective Post-Stages, that there is no considerable Market-Town, but hath an easie and certain Con- 388 RATES OF POSTAGE veyance for the Letters thereof, to and from the said Grand Office, in the due course of the Males every Post. Though the Number of Letters Missive in England, were not at all Considerable in our Ancestors days, yet it is now so prodigiously great, (since the meanest People have Generally learned to write) that this Office is Farmed for above 40, rather 50,000Z. a Year. (vi) The Cboss Posts.^ No. 1 (a). To the E*. Hon"«. Sidney L'*. Godolphin Lord High Trearer of England. May it please y'. Lo^^. My Lord Grandville and seaverall Gentlemen of Cornwell having represented to Us that by reason of the Post Eoad passing along the South Coast of Cornwell seaverel Inland Towns are under great disadvantages in their Correspondence paying two pence p' Letter over & above the Common Postage being serv'd only by a By Post ; We did give directions to Our Deputys of Exeter, Plym°, and Lanceston to meet and Consult what Method might be proper to serve those parts more conveniently, and at as Easie an Expence to Her Ma*'®, as might be, and to Report to Us their Opinion of that Matter with an Estimate of the Charge ; which they accordingly did, and have proposed a Scheme of that Matter how 'tis to be performed with the Charge of each Stage, which amounts according to their Computation to about £260 p' Ann a Sum more considerable than We at first apprehended ; but We doubt the Charge Her Ma"^ will be put to will Scarce be recompenced by the increase of Letters upon Setthng such a Stage, especially when We consider the great Number of Letters for that Country which pass Frank : If Y' Lo***". shall think fitting a Post be Settled for the Midland Towns, as well as for the South Coast, We shall upon y' Directions endeavour to do it with the best Husbandry We can, and as We hope to the Satisfaction of the Country, and shall lay before Y'. Lo^^. an Estab- lishm*. to be approved by Y'. Lo**"^. We have indeed found by Experience in other Places, That where We have made the Correspondence more Easie and Cheap, the Number of Letters has been thereby much increased ; and therefore do believe such a Settlement may be attended with the like effect in those Parts. All which is humbly Submitted to y'. Lo^'. R. C. T. F. Gen^. Post Office, 22"*. Novemb\ 1703. * Prom the British Official Records. APPENDIXES 389 No. 1 (b). After my hearty Comendations, Whereas my very good Lord John Lord Grandville and seaveral Gentlemen of Cornwall have Kepre- sented to you, That by reason of the Post Eoad passing along the South Coast of Cornwall, Seaveral Inland Towns are under great disadvantages in their Correspondence ; Whereupon you have pro- posed to Me the Settlement of a New Post for the Midland Towns, as well as for the South Coast, the better to Serve those parts, the Charge whereof will Amount to Two hundred and Sixty pounds p. Ann I approve of what you have proposed. And do hereby Authorize and Require you to Settle and Establish such a Post accordingly. But you are at twelve months End to Represent to Me or the Lord High Treasurer or Commiss". of the Treasury then being, how far such a Post doth answer the Expence Her Ma"®, is at in Settling the Same. And for so doing this shall be y'. Warrant. Whitehall Treary Chambers the 7th December 1703. GODOLPHIN. To my very loving Friends S'. Rob*. Cotton Kn*. and S'. Thom". Frankland Bar*. Her Ma"«*. Post-M'. Gen». No. 2. S'. Robert Cotton Kn*. and Sir Thomas Frankland Baronet Her M""*.
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https://github.com/CredentialEngine/CredentialFinderEditor/blob/master/Data/Views/Entity_PropertyOtherSummary.cs
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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Apache-2.0
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CredentialFinderEditor
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CredentialEngine
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C#
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Code
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <auto-generated>
// This code was generated from a template.
//
// Manual changes to this file may cause unexpected behavior in your application.
// Manual changes to this file will be overwritten if the code is regenerated.
// </auto-generated>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace Data.Views
{
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public partial class Entity_PropertyOtherSummary
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public Nullable<int> parentEntityId { get; set; }
public string parentEntityType { get; set; }
public int EntityId { get; set; }
public string EntityType { get; set; }
public string EntityName { get; set; }
public Nullable<int> BaseId { get; set; }
public System.Guid EntityUid { get; set; }
public int CategoryId { get; set; }
public string Category { get; set; }
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| 31,850 |
sammlungderseit00gergoog_13
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German-PD
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,812 |
Sammlung der seit dem 2ten jenner 1812 in zoll- und accissachen ergangenen verordnungen und instructionen für das grossherzogthum Baden. ..
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Baden (Germany) Laws, statutes, etc
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German
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Spoken
| 7,706 | 14,912 |
In Beziehung auf die Gtrede Wegs, wofür bie GrenzZoller den DurchgangsZoll zu erheben haben, find folgende Fälle zu unterfcheiden: A.) Bom reinen Tranfitgut, d. i. ſolchein, welches direkt durch das Land geht, muß der Zoll, a,) wenn zwifchen dem Eintrittöpunft und ber Yuß b, B.) tritt8Station keine Intermediärgoliftätte ift, für dieſe ganze Strede fogleich bei der EintrittsStation erhoben, ) wenn der Fuhrmann aber auf feiner Route durd das Land eine oder mehrere IntermediaͤrZollſtationen betritt; fo hat er die Wahl, ob er den Zoll für den ganzen Weg, den er durch das Land macht, oder nut für die Strede vom Eintrittspunft bis zur naͤchſten oder zweiten Intermediärzoliftätte entrichten will. — Wenn ein inländifcher Spediteur, die Berfendung des Durchgangsguts beſorgt, ſo iſt zu unterſcheiden: } Haupt: und Wehr-Greng- dolle. 131 a) Benn der Speditions Platz, wo der inlaͤndiſche Spe⸗ diteur wohnt, der EintrittsStation näher liegt, als eine SntermediärZofftätte, und der Fuhrmann baher den Speditions Platz zuerft betritt; fo muß der Durchs gangsZoll nur bie zum Speditiond Plag bezahlt wer⸗ den. Der Zoller darf den Zoll nicht für eine weitere Strede erheben. b.) Wenn zwifchen der EintrittöStation und dem Spes ditions Platze eine IntermediaͤrZollſtaͤtte liegt, die der Fuhrmann alſo fruͤher betritt, als den Speditions⸗ Ort, ſo hat er die Wahl, ob er den TranſitZoll, bis zum SpeditionsPlatz oder nur bis zur Intermediaͤr⸗ Zollſtaͤtte bezahlen will. Fuͤr eine weitere Strecke, als bis zum SpeditionsPlatz, darf er aber den Durchs gangszoll nicht zahlen. | C.) In Anfehung der Waaren, welche auf dem Poſtwa⸗ gen durchs Land gehen, haben diejenigen Hauptzoller, weldhe an einem der im $. 71. der ZollOrdnung bes nannten Orte wohnen, dasjenige zu beobadıten, was im 6. 7. der Inftruftionfür die Zoller in Orten, wo Spes ‘ bition getrieben wird, oder eine Pofterpedition eriftirt, vorgefchrieben worden iſt. | $. 3% | Eingangs » Zoll. Der EingangsZoll wird bei der Eintritt8ßtation von | allen Waaren erhoben, die an inländifche Eigenthümer ger ben, Spebiteurs werden nicht ald Eigenthümer vermuthet ; wie daher Waaren an dieſe addreſſirt find, die als Spe⸗ | %3 132 Inſtruktion für die ditiondgut decharirt werden, fo ift nicht der Eingangs Fol, fondern der DurchgangsZoll zu erheben, wenn nicht ber im $. 48. Abf. 2. der Zoll Ordnung und im $. 2. Abf. 2. dieſer Inftruftion, erwaͤhnte Kal eintritt, wo nämlid dem Speditiondgut reines Tranſitgut, daB von einem und demfelben Berfender herruͤhrt, beigeladen iſt, und für das Speditionsgut kein beglaubigter Frachtbrief vorgezeigt werden kann. a Die Zoller haben fich bier folgende Fälle zu bemerken: 1.) Das Eingangsgut macht entweder Die ganze Ladung aus, oder’ed ift demſelben Tranſitgut beigeladen. Hier wird nach $. 2, Abf. 4. verfahren. 2.) Die eingehenden Waaren find entweder für infäne difhe Eigenthuͤmer beftimmt, oder fie gehören in Die Glaffe derjenigen Waaren, worüber der Abjchnitt VIE der ZolDrdnung handelt, a.) Wenn die Waaren an einen innfändifen Eigen» thümer geben, fo wird der Zoll nah dem Tarife sub Lit. K. angefezt. ' b,) MarktWaaren werden nach den befondern Tarifen, die dem HauptTarife sub Nro, 1. und 2. ange hängt find, verzoflt. | c.) Sanz oder zum Theil . von dem EingangsZoll befreit: 1.) Die Baumwolle, welche von auswärtigen Eigen thbumern zum Berfpinnen mit der Hand an Diefleitige Unterthanen gefendet wird, Haupt und Wehr⸗-Grenz⸗Zoller. 133 3) Eben fo feine Leinwand und BaummwollenZeuge‘, welche von fremden Eigenthümern zum Sticken eine geführt werben, 3.) Bon dem inländifhen Vich, das auf ausländifche Waıden getrieben oder im Ausland zur Stallfütterung eingeftellt worden war, und zurud kommt, wird fein EingangsZoll bezahlt. Ausgenommen find Schaafe, Die gefhoren zuruͤckkommen. 4.) Bon inländifhem Vieh, das auf auswärtige Märkte getrieben wurde, und Pad auf dem nemlichen Weg innerhalb 3 Tagen zurudfommt, und 5.) Bon Früchten, Hanfs Flachs⸗ und Leinen Waaren, die auf frempe Märkte ausgeführt werden, und inner⸗ halb 3 Sagen hei der nemfichen Zollftätte wiederum eingehen, wird nur der halbe EingangsZoll erhoben, wenn die geloͤsten AusgangsZollzeichen vorgelegt wer⸗ den koͤnnen. 6.) Bon Früchten, Hanf⸗ Flachſs⸗ und LeinenWaaren, die Ausländer auf inländifhe Märkte führen, wird ebenfalld nur bie Hälfte des EingangsZolls entrichtet. 7.) Bon fremdem Mehl, das zum Vermahlen, yon Tuch und Garn, das zum Bleichen, pon Tuchzeng und Garn, das zum Färben eingeht, wird gegen Einhaͤn⸗ digung der gelösten EingangsZollzeichen der bezahlte EingangsZoll zur Hälfte zurüdbezgbit, wenn diefe Waaren mit einem — die inländifche Berarbeitung nachweifenden Zeugniß des Müllers, Bleicherd oder Särbers verfehen, wiederum ausgeführt werben. 134 Inſtruktion für die 8.) Von fremden Schaafen, die auf inländifhe Waiden getrieben, wenn fie während ihres ‚vorherigen lezten Aufenthalts im Lande gefchoren, die Wolle im Lande verfauft wurde, und durch ein obrigfeitliche® Zeugniß nachgewiefen wird, daß dies diefelben Schaafe fepn, wird, wenn fle an berfelben Zollftätion eingehen, wo fie das leztemal ausgiengen, nur der halbe Eingangs: Zoll bezahlt. 9.) Bon der allgemeinen Regel, daß der Eingangezoll gleih an der Grenze bezahlt werden muß, kommen zwei Ausnahmen vor; a.) Wenn an dem Wohnort des Hauptzollers Spes bition getrieben wird, und Waaren, die ald Durchs gangsgut verzollt und in dad Lagerhaus nieberges legt worden find, fpäterhin für den inländifchen Handel beftimmt, und alfo an inländifche Eigen, thümer abgegeben werben, fo muß der Eingangs; Zoll, an dem der bezahlte TranfitZol in Abrech⸗ nung fommt, bezahlt werden. b.) Wenn ein Krämer feine Marttwaaren über 6 Wos hen lang in einem Privats oder Wirthéhauſe lies gen laſſen will, muß er eben fo den vollen Ein, gangsZoll bezahlen. c) Wenn Waaren auf dem Poftwagen eingehen; fo gefchieht die Verzollung am Abgabsort. Befteht an den Wohnort ded Haupt zZollers eine Pofterpedition, fo muß er alles beobachten, was im $. 7. und 8. der Inſtruktion für Zoller an Digen, wo Spedition Haupt « und Wehr⸗Grenz⸗Zoller. 135 . getrieben wird, oder eine Pofterpedition beſteht, vorgefehrieben iſt. Zu diefem Ende werden alle folhe Hauptzoller ein Eremplar. diefer Inſtruttion erhalten. *) $. % Die Grenzzoller haben den AusgangsZoll von allen Waaren zu erheben, die aus ihrem Wohnort unmittelbar. in dad Ausland verführt werden. So die Waaren an der Grenzftation ankommen, hat der Zoller zu unterſuchen: ob es Tranſitgut oder Aus⸗ gangsgut iſt? Wenn die Ladung als Tranſitgut angege⸗ ben wird, ſo muß er die Declarations Bollete ſich vorzeigen laſſen, und damit die Ladung vergleichen, um ſich zu über» zeugen, daß feine Beiladung von AusgangsGuͤtern vors gegangen iſt. Die geldsten Zollzeichen bat er dem Fuhr⸗ mann abzunehmen, Eben fo nimmt er dem Fuhrmann oder Trager die gelöiten AusgangsZollzeichen ab, wenn die Waaren als Ausgangsgut declarirt werden, und vergleidht die Declas rationsBollete mit ber Ladung. | Die Berzollung muß nah dem Tarif sub Lit. K, geſchehen ſeyn, wenn nicht einer ber befondern Fälle ein⸗ tritt, die in der Inftruftion für die AusgangsZoller 5. 3. aufgezählt find, Iſt einer diefer Källe vorhanden, fo muß er fich Abers zeugen: ob die Bedingungen erfüllt find, unter denen die geſezliche gelindere Behandlung ſtatt finden ſoll, z. B. bei *) Siehe in Bezug auf Poſtwagens Gegenſtaͤnde im Anhang‘ die. Mo: vifitationen zur Zollordnung. — 136 Iuftruktion für Die Fruͤchten, für die nur 4 ded Ausgangs Zolls bezahlt wurde, ob im DeclarationsBollet außgebrudt iſt, daß fie.auf eis nem Fruchtmarkt gefauft wurden; bei ausgehenden Bich, für welches feine Zollzeichen gelöst wurden, ob ein Paſſir⸗ ſchein einer Marftftätte vorgezeigt werben kann; bei ges färbten. Tuͤchern, wofür feine AusgangsZollzeichen gelöst wurden, ob dad Atteftat des Faͤrbers und bie gelödten Eingangszollzeihen abgegeben werden koͤnnen, u. ſ. f. Defraudanten find fogleidh anzuhalten, und von dem eins ſchlaͤgigen Bezirksamt gerichtlich zu verfolgen. Wenn Wein, Bier, Branntwein oder Effig in plom⸗ beten Fäflern oder Krügen ausgeführt wird, fo haben die GrenzZoller zu unterfuchen,, ob die Plombage unvers ſehrt ift, und ob die Faſſer Die declarirte Fluͤſſigkeit auch wirklich enthalten. Sie nehmen daher die Plombage ab. Die Unverfehrgheit derfelben atteftiren fie auf dem Declas gationdBollet, dad ihnen der Fuhrmann porzeigen muß, und dad fie ihm zurücgeben, $. 5. Die Zoller an den Grenzftationen haben endlich den Accid und das Ohmgeld vom Bier und Branntwein, den Accis von Effig, Mehl, Brod, Oehl und Fleiſch nebit dem EingengsZolle zu erheben, 5.6. Auſſer den Ruͤckzahlungen des halben EingangsZolles in den im Zten $. 7. erwähnten Faͤllen haben die Grenz⸗ Zoller gar nichts auszugeben. — ! Haupt⸗ und Wehr-Grenzdoler, 137 $. 7. . Die Bücher, beren freue und genaue Führung ben BrenzZollern obliegt, find folgende: 1.) ein TranfitzolManupf, 2.) ein Eingangszoll Manual, 3.) ein Ausgangszoll Manual, 4.) ein Accis Manual, -5) ein Controll Buch für die Zollzeichen, 6.) eines für Die Accjdgeihen, und 7.) ein Manual’ über zurüdbezahlten Zoll. .. Den drei ZolMandien muͤſſen Regifterbogen ange: hängt werben, in welde jede Nummer mit dem erhobenen. Zollbetrag eingefohrieben ift, damit mit dem Schluffe des Monats, fo wie jeden Tag, bei unvermutheten Kaffens Stürzen, die einzelnen Poften leicht addirt werden Tönnen. Der Eintrag gefhieht nach der Vorſchrift der ZollOrbnung. In das AccisManual find nur die Einnahmen zu fhreiben, welche der Zoller nah $. 5. diefer Inſtruktion | zu machen hat. Wenn Bier, Branntwein, Eſſig, Oehl, Brod oder Fleiſch eingeführt wird, fo muß davon ſowohl der Zoll, ald der Accid, und vom Bier und Branntwein noch befonderd das Ohmgeld entrichtet werben; der Zell, betrag wird in dad EingangeManual, der Accis und Dhmgeldsbetrag in das Accis Manuel eingetragen, und für dieſen und jenen erhält der Fuhrmann befondere De clarationeBollete und Zeichen. Sn das ZollzeihenControllbuch wird bie Zahl und der Betrag der Zollzeichen gefchrieben, die der Zoller von dem ı38 | Inſtruktion für die Dber&innebnter erhält. Für jeden Monat wird ein Blatt eröffäet. In die erften Colonnen wird der Borrath am erften eines jeden Monats eingetragen, die Zeichen, wels che der Zoller bei der Abrechnung mit dem Ober Einneh⸗ mer erhaͤlt, unter die Rubrik erſter Empfang, und was er weiter an Zeichen im Tarif des Monats zugeſchikt er⸗ haͤlt, in die Colonne mit der Rubrik zter und Zter Empfang. Ehen fo wird das AcciszeichenControllbuch geführt. Das Manual über zurüdigahlten Zoll, wird nad dem angefchloffenen Formular geführt. $. 8. Nach Berfluß des Monats rechnet der GrenzZoller, "Die einzelnen Poften der ZolManualien jufammen, vers gleicht die Nummern der Einnehmen in diefen Manualier mit der Ausgabe an Zollzeichen, und mit dem GeldBorrath. D Melde gefhieht mit dem Accid Manual und den Accis Zeichen. | Die ZeihenSturze find in die ControllBuͤcher in Ge⸗ genwart des OrtsVorgeſezten oder eines Gerichts Verwand⸗ ten, vorzunehmen, der den Vorrath zu beſtaͤtigen hat. Der GrenzZoller hat ſich an dem Tage, den ihm der OberEinnehmer ein für allemal als den monatlichen Abs rechnungs Tag beftimmen wird, mit feinen Danualien, Controll Buͤchern und übrigen Scripturen und den im vers Haupt⸗ und Wehr-Grenzedoller. . 139 floffenen Monat eingenommenen Geldern an den Obers Einnehmereißig zu begeben und abzurehnen. Er Täßt diefem feine Manualien in Handen, nimmt aber die Eon» troll Buͤcher mit einem hinlänglihen neuen Vorrath von Zollzeichen zuruͤck. Die Ausgabe an zuruͤckgezahlten Zoll wird dem Ober⸗ Einnehmer als baare Lieferung aufgerechnet. Er wird fuͤr die Mifgelieferten Gelder in einer dop⸗ pelten Fertigung quittirt. Eine diefer Quittungen behält er zurüd, die andere giebt er vor feiner Abreife vom Ober@innehmereißig auf die Poſt, und addreffirt fie an die Eontrollfammer der indi- recten Steuern bei dem Großherzoglichen Steuer Depars tement, ° 140 Snftruftion für bie Haupt: und Wehr⸗Grenz⸗Zoller. Manual über zur&dbezahlten Zoll nad Borjhrift der Zoll Ordnung. Monat N. erhält zuruͤckbezablt für ' Die Hälfte des bezahlten Eingangs Zolls mit fl. fr. wofür er andurch quittirt, und dad Eingangs» DeclarationsBollet mit den gelösten Zollzeis | chen und das vorgefchriebene Att Mat uͤber⸗ giebt, die unter N. anliegen. Zollſtaͤtte N. den ten 181 Unterſchrift des Fuhrmanns. Der Eintrag geſchieht, wie folgt; Joh. Seb. Seifenfelder erhaͤlt zuruͤckbezahlt für g Mitr, Korn, flcer aus dem Würtembergifben auf die biefige Mühle zum Mahlen geführt hat, and wovon 193% er das Mehl zurüdbringt. Die Hälfte des gelötten EingangsZolls mit Wofür er andurch quittirt nd das Eingangs Decla⸗ ration:Bollet mit den gelösten Zollzeichen und das vor⸗ geſchriebene Atteſtat uͤbergiebt, die sub Nris. 1. 2. u. 3. anliegen. Pforzheim, den ıten May 1812. Joh. Sebaſt. Seifenfelder. 141 Rechnungs-Inſtruktion kuͤr die Ober:Einnehbmen, ) | ueberſicht des Inhalts der RechnungsInſtruktion für die Ober⸗ Einnehmer der Zoll⸗ Accid = und Ohmgelds Gefaͤlle. $. 1. N gaemeine Beftimmungen, 8. 2. Von den Einsahmen und Einnahıp6Belegen. $ 3. Ton den Aufgaben und YAusgabsBelegen. $. 4. Bon der Gontrolie der Zoller und Acciſer. $. 5. Tom Verfahren bei der Abrechnung mit den Zollern und Acciſern. | | | 6. 6. Bon der Reviflon der Arbeiten der Zoller und Accifer nach gepflogener Abrechnung. S. 7. Bon dem SubordinationsBerhältniß der OberEin⸗ nehmer gegen die KreisDirektorien und die Controls Kammer. $. 8. Nahere Beſtimmungen über das Verhaͤltniß der OberEinnehmer zur ControlKammer und Generals Staats Kaſſe. | — & | 2 142 Inſtruktion für die 1. Sn Beziehung auf Eontrolfe. $. 9. 2. In Beziehung auf Gelvauflieferungen, 10. 3. In Beziehung auf das Rechnungsweſen. 11. Formen der Comptabilität. a 5 + 7 1. Von den Buͤchern, weiße bie Ober Einneh⸗ mer zu fuͤhren haben, a. Journal. 6. 12. b, Controllbuͤcher. §. 13. c. Collectives Hauptbuch. F. 14. 2. Huͤlfstabellen. $. 15. Sitnations Etats und Monats Rechnung. §. 16. Schlußbemerkung. 5. is Allgemeine Beftimmungen. Die durch die neue Zolls Accids und OhmgeldsOrd⸗ nungen eingeführten Abgaben, bilden eine befondere Ber mwaltung. Die Grenz» und Ortözoller und DrtöXccifer flehen auf der unterften Stufe derfelben, und find in allem, was dad Rechnungsweſen betrifft, den Ober&innehmern untergeben. © Bei diefen unterften Behörden fpaltet fih die dm waltung in zwei befondere Zweige, in die Verrechnung der Zollgefälle und in die Verrechnung der Accis⸗ und Ohmgeldsgefaͤlle. Beide Zweige werden aber bei da DberEinnehmern in der Verrechnung der neuen indirekten Abgaben vereinigt. Dber&innehmer. | 2143 Gegenwaͤrtige Inſtruktion, welche ſich an die, den GrenzOrtszollern und Orts Acciſern ertheilte Inſtruktion ans ſchließt, handelt von der Verwaltungs Ordnung, welche die OberEinnehmer als Verrechner dieſer indirekten Steuern zu beobachten haben. Leber andere direkte oder indirekte Abgaben, deren Verwaltung ihnen noch uͤbertragen wer⸗ den kann, werden fie befondere Inſtruktionen erhalten, | 6. 2 Von den Einnahmen und ihren Belegen Die Ober@innehmer haben ald Berrechner der indis recten Steuern 1.) die Zollgefälle, 2.) die Accids und Ohmgeldsgefaͤlle, 3) den Betrag der fehlenden Geldzeichen, monatlich von den Ortszollern und Ortsacciſern, 4.) die fallenden Strafen unmittelbar von den Aemtern zu erheben, es moͤgen darunter die einfachen Zoll⸗ und Accis Anſaͤtze enthalten ſeyn over nicht; die Dis⸗ poſi tion des $. 119. der Zollordnung wird das durch aufgehoben. ® 5.) Als Einnahmen find auch die Geldzufchüfle zu bes handeln, welche eine Ober Einnehmerei auf Anmeifung der Generalfaffe von einer andern empfungt, um auf Rechnung diefer Kaffe Zahlungen zu leiften, wozu fie diefer Zuſchuͤſſe bedarf. | 6.) Wenn andere zufällige, unvorhergefehene Einnah⸗ men vorkommen follten, fo werden darüber befondere Decreturen erfolgen. ‘ f 144 Inſtruktion fuͤr die Die Ober@innehmer haben daher EHER vo zweierlei Art, 1.) folhe, melde fie in folle von den Unter&rhebern erhalten, und die durch Zeichen controllirt find, und 2.) ſolche, welche ſie ſelbſt unmittelbar in den einzelnen vorkommenden Faͤllen machen, und die ug Bus Zeichen controllirt werden, Die Belege der Einnahmen, welche die OberEinneh⸗ mer von den Ortszollern und Acciſern erheben. find die Manualien dieſer Rechnungspflichtigen mit ſaͤmmtlichen Beilagen. Die Einnahmen an Gtrafgeldern und Zoll⸗ oder Acidgefällen, welche darunter enthalten find, wer den durch dad Urtheil beſcheinigt, welches in lezter Inſtanz die Strafe ausgefprochen hat, Der Erloͤs aus confiscirten Waaren muß noch weiter mit dem VerſteigerungsProtokoll urkundlich nachgewiefen werden. $. 2 Bon den Ausgaben und AusgabsBelegen. Aus dem Ertrag der Zölle, des Accifes und des Ohm⸗ gelds werden nur diejenigen Ausgaben, geleiftet, welche die Adminiſtration diefer Gefälle felbft veranlaßt. Die Ortözoller und Acciſer müffen ihre volle Bruttos Einnahmen aufliefern. Nur die GrenzZoller dürfen in ben drei inf $. 78. der ZollÖrdnung aufgeführten Fällen die Zurüdzahlung des halben Eingangszolls leiſten. Ihre ganze Brutto@innahme lauft jedoch durch die OberEins nehmereiRechnung, indem ſie die Quittungen uͤber die geſchehene vd Ober Eimehmer. 149 geſchehene Ruͤckverguͤtungen, die ihr Ausgabsmanual Bils den, ftatt baarem Gelde aufliefern. Ale in einem Obereinnehmerey Bezirk vorkommende Zahlungen, welche die Adminiſtration des Zolls und des Acciſes in dieſem Bezirk veranlaſſen, find von der Ober⸗ einnehmeren zu leiften. N Diefe Zahlungen find entweder — sn fe eine allgemeine Legitimation erhalten, oder folche, wor zu fie einer befondern Decretur der Controlllammer bedürfen. ' Zu den erften gehören: 1.) Die Befoldungen der Obereinnehnter,, und was das runter enthalten ift, fo wie die Traftamente ihrer Scribenten. 3 Die Beftimmung ob unter der Befoldung ein Avers fum für Schreibmaterialien, Padrequifiten, Poſtſcheine u. dgl. begriffen wird, bleibt zur Zeit noch ausgeſezt. Statt der Befcheinigung diefer Nusgabe liefert der Obereinnehmer die Quittung für feine surüdbehaltene Befoldung auf. i 2.) Die Hebgebühren, welche den Drtözollern und Acci⸗ fern und vielleichse den Obereinnehmern werden ver: milligt werden. Diefe Ausgaben find dur die Quittungen derſel⸗ ben zu befcheinigen. | 3.) Die Befoldungen des AuffichtöPerfonals, in fo weit . fie auf die EinnehmerepCaffen werden angemiefen werden. A. Merosdnungen, 2ter Theil. K — 146 Inſtruktion fuͤr die 4.) Die den Muͤllern zugeſicherte 2 fr. für jedes Mal⸗ ter Bier⸗ oder Eſſig Malz, das auf ihre Muͤhle ger bracht worden, und das ſie in die zu fuͤhrende Re⸗ giſter eingetragen haben, nach 6. 30 der’ Accidords nung. Die Muller befheinigen den Empfang auf dad Regiſter, welches fodann als Beleg zu diefer Ausgabe gilt. 6.) Die den Landes, Siandeds und Brundherrlichen Eörftern bewilligte zwen Pret. von dem Werthe der Accisgeihen, Die fie denjenigen abgenommen haben, welche Holz aus dem Walde abführen. Mit den Quittungen der Förfter, mit den von ih⸗ nen vierteljährig zu übergebenden Regiftern und ven dazu gehörigen Zeichen muͤſſen diefe Zahlungen befcheinigt wer⸗ den. 6.) Alle Rüdvergütungen, welche nach der Zoll s Accide und Ohmgelds Ordnung vorkommen können. Gie fins den in folgenden Fällen ftatt: a.) Wenn ein Wirth, der zugleich patentifirter Wein⸗ händler ift, aus feinem Wirthſchaftskeller Wein im Großen in dad Ausland verfauft, fo er: hält er per Fuder 6 fl. 40 fr. für den bezahlten Accis und 18 fl. für dad Ohmgeld ruͤckverguͤtet. . db) Wenn ein Bierbrauer Bier in das Ausland abfezt, fo erhält er 8 fl. zo fr. per Fuder und c.) ein jeder, der Branntwein ind Ausland verführt, nad Berfchiedenheit der Faͤlle 33 fl. 20 fr, oder 50 fl. per Fuder ald Vergütung ausbezahlt. — DOber Einnehmer. 247 d.) Bem Effig, der im Lande fabrizirt oder von wel⸗ chem der Eonfumtien3Accid an der Grenze entrichtet worden ift, werden per Fuder 4 fl. 10 fr. ruͤckerſezt. BZ Wenn ein Wirth, er mag Weinhändler fenn oder nicht, Wein im Großen aus feinem Wirtbfchaftsteller im Lande verkauft, oder wenn ein Wirth, der nicht patentifirter Weinhaͤndler ift, -aus feinem: Wirths⸗ ſchaftskeller Wein im Großen ind Ausland verführt, fo werden nur ı8 fl. per Fuder neuen Maaſes für dad Ohmgeld, für den Accis hingegen a... vers gutet, f.) Die Ruͤckzahlungen des Accifed von Immobilien Tin, nen in den Faͤllen, wo diefelbe gefezlih ausgefpros hen find, nur auf die Legitimation des Kreisdirec- toriums erfolgen. g) Die Rüdzahlungen des Zolles, melde nach $. 78. der Zollordmung vorfommen koͤnnen, werden von den Grenzzollern, auf Rechnung der Obereinnehmeren ger feiftet. Die Ruͤckzahlung des Tabaksacciſes erfcheint nicht in Rechnung, da fie effective nur durch Die Abs rehnung an dem Ausgangszollfage geleiftet wird. Ale dieſe Ruͤckzahlungen von a — g Werden durch die Quittungen der Empfänger, und in allen Faͤl⸗ len wo die Rüdvergütung wegen ftatt gehabter Aus; fuhr ind Ausland gefhicht, noch durch die Atteftate belegt, deren Form sub Nro. XIV. der Inſtruktion für die OrtöAccifer, vorgeſchrieben ift. j Ra 148 Inſtruktion für Die | Sn dem sub Lit. G. angeführten Falle ift das Ausgabs Manual der Brenzzoller fammt Beilagen die gältige- Befcheinigung. 7.) Es gehören auch hieher noch die Rüdzaplungen von unrichtig angefezten und erhobenen oder aus Gnade nachgelaffener Acciss-Zolls oder ChmgelddBeträgen, deren Rüderfaz defretirt wurde. Um diefe Ruͤck⸗ zablungen von den sub Nro. 6. aufgeführten mit eis nem Auddrud zu unterfcbeiden, follen diefelben im⸗ mer unter der Rubrit Ruͤckerſaz, und jene sub Nro, 6. sub rubro Rüdzahlungen aufgeführt werden. Die Ausgabsbelege find bier die Weifungen ber KreisDirectorien und die Quittungen der Ems pfänger. 8.) Die Koften der gerichtlihen Berfolgung der De— fraudanten. Hieher gehören: a.) Die Unterfuchungs > und fonftige Koften, wenn Jemand von einem beftellten Auffeber als Defraudant angellagt und vom Gericht freis gefprochen. worden if. Sn foldyen Fällen, wo der Fiscus unterliegt, werben zwar feine Taren und Sporteln angefezt, allein es koͤnnen fonft Koften aufgelaufen feyn, z. B. durch Augens ſcheine, Zeugenabhoͤre, Aufenthaltsloften der ans geblichen Defrandanten u.f. f. auf deren Erfaz der Richter fprechen kann. Solche Koften. darf aber. der Obereinnehmer nicht cher zahlen, als bis die Decretur des einfhlägigen KreisQirecs un Ober Einnehmer. 149 toriums erfolgt iſt. Dieſe Decreturen und die Quittungen der- Empfänger find Die ‚Belege dies ſes Ausgabspoſtens. b.) Wenn die Defraudation erwieſen, die Geldſtrafe auch ausgeſprochen iſt, wegen" Unvermoͤgenheit des Defraudanten aber in eine Leibes ſtrafe vers wandelt wird, fo erhaͤlt der Denunciant' 3 fl! Anzeigs Gebuͤhr, und für jeden "Gang 'dfe tars ordnungmaͤßige Gebuͤhr. 35 Als Beleg einer ſolchen Ausgabe iſt ein Atteſtat des Amts, das der Fall, wofür dieſe Sebuͤhren angeſptochen werden, von ber angegebenen Art ſey, und eine Decretur der Gangsgebuͤhren von demſelben Beizußringen. 9) Die Diäten der Zoller- und Accifer, welche zur Ab⸗ redhnung,an den Obereinnehmerey Siz fommen. Diefe Diäten find nach der Enkfernung des Wohnorts des Zollers oder Acciſers vom Abrechnungsort beftimmt. Die geſchehenen Zahlungen-werben durch Dpittungen der Empfänger befcheinigt. 10.) Die Belohnung der Boten, welche die, auf dem Poſtwagen zu verfendende Gelder an die nächfte Poſt⸗ flatton :Aberbringen. Diefe Zahlung kann nur bei Ben wenigen Obereiünehmern vorfommen, an deren Wohnſiz fein Poftamt oder feine PoſtErpeditien be: ſtehet. - Sie wird ebenfalls — die ——— des Empfaͤngers belegt. 11 ) Die Bezahlung des Weins, der auf Rechnung der Staatskaſſe einzelnen Accispflichtigen nach $. 5. ber 150 Inſtruktion für bie Juſtruktion für die OrtsAcciſer abgenommen wurde. Dieb ift eigentlich nur ein Borfhuß, da folher Bein auf der Stelle sffentlich verlauft werden muß. Es Tommt daher nur die Hälfte des Berluftd, ber etwa bei dem Berfauf entfteben Tann, in Rechnung, fonft müßte die Bezahlung des Weins in Ausgabe . und ber Erlös in Einnahme genommen werben. Soüte ein folder Fall, der immer zu den auffers ordentlichen gehört, vorkommen, fo müflen bie Quittungen des Acciöpflihtigen über die Bezahlung des ihm abgenommenen Weind und des Berfaufss Protofolld..ald Beilagen beigebracht werden. Died find die Zahlungen, zu denen die Obrteins nehmereyen eine allgemeine Autorifation erhalten. 12.) Andere Zahlungen, ald die hier aufgeführten darf der Obereinnehmer nicht leiſten, wenn er nidt eine | befondere Weiſung hiezu von der Eontrolffammer er» Hält. Die Koften ber Unterhaltung der Einnehmes reyGebaͤude liegen, da diefelben zu den Staat3Dos mainen gehören, auf den DomainenGaffen. $%. 4 Controlle der Zoller und Accifer. Die Einnahmen der DOrtözoller und Accifer werben durch Geldzeichen und durch die Zahl der Manualbogen, durch Atteftate und Negifter controllirt. Aus den eins zelnen Inftruftionen für diefe Unterverrechner if das Detail der Controlle zu erfehen. OberEinnehmer.. 151 Alle vorgefchriebene Beilagen der Mamalien find als Mittel zur Controlle anzufehen. ine vorzügliche Aufs merkſamkeit müffen fie den Atteftaten und Fafiionen über die Weinpreife und dem Regifter der Müller über das, aus ihren Mühlen gebrachte Malz, fo wie dem Gontroll- regifter uber dad veracciste Malz und bie — nahmen widmen. Wenn ſie finden, daß die Weinpreiſe auffallend nie⸗ der angegeben worden ſind, ſo haben ſie ſich an den Ober⸗ Inſpeltor zu wenden, damit dieſer eine Unterſuchung veranlaſſen kann. Sie werden dabei vorzuͤglich auf die Gegenden Ruͤckſicht nehmen, woher der Wein kommt, ſich in beſtaͤndiger Kenntniß der Weinpreiſe in den verſchiede⸗ nen Gegenden des Landes, und benachbarten Weinlaͤndern zu unterhalten ſuchen und daruͤber, ſo wie uͤberhaupt uͤber alle dergleichen Gegenſtaͤnde, bei jeder Gelegenheit mit dem Oberinſpektor und den Bezirksinſpektoren Ruͤck⸗ ſprache nehmen. Die Regiſter der Muͤller über das auf ihre Muͤhlen gebrachte Biers und EffigMalz muͤſſen fie ſorgfaͤltig mit den Manualien der Accifer vergleichen, und unterfuden, ob jeder Bierbrauer, der im Negifter des Muͤllers vors fommt, aud in dad Manual des Aceiferd und zwar mit benfelben Malz Quantitäten eingetragen ift. Da die Biers Brauer häufig ihr Malz auf Mühlen bringen mäflen, bie ſich nicht in ihrem Wohnort befinden, und derfelbe Acci⸗ fer, der den Accis einnimmt, nicht auch dad Negifter des Muͤllers "erhält, jene Bergleihungen alfo nicht anftellen L} 153 | Inſtruktion für die Tann; fo ift es nothwendig, daß die Obereinnebmer fich dieſe Controlle ebenfalls angelegen feyn laflen. Die Res gifter über die Suttaufnahmen erhaften fie erft nad Ver⸗ fluß des Jahrs. Diefe follen ihnen Dazu dienen, aus der Quantität ded gebrauten Biers zu ermefien, ob der Ac⸗ cis von dem hiezu nöthig same Malz richtig bezahlt worden ſey. Die Obereinnehmer haben zu verſehen: a.) Alle Zolfer mit den nöthigen Zoll Geldzeichen und Zoll zeichen Controllbuͤchern. | b) Die Grenzzoller mit Durchgangs⸗ Eat s und Ausgangszoll auch mit Accis Manualien, Accis Geld⸗ zeichen, Accis Controllbuͤchern und Ruͤckzahlungs Mes nualien. c.) Die Zoller an Speditions orten mit Durchgangs⸗ Eingangs⸗ und Ausgang 8Zoll Manualien, d.) die Zoller an Orten, wo eine PoſtExpedition bes ftehet, *) mit dem Ausgangs⸗ und Eingangszoll Manusf, und wenn an einem foldhen Ort auch Spedition ge⸗ trieben wird, oder der Durchgangszoll von Waaren, die auf Poftwägen verführt werben, erhoben werben fol, aud mit den Durchgangszoll Manualien. e.) die SntermediärZoller insbefondere nody mit den Sceinen, die sub Lit. H. der Zollordnung vorge: fhrieben find, , £.) die Zoller an Viehmarktsorten indbefondere a mit ben Pafiterfcheinen sub Lit, L. der Zollordnung ⸗ *) jest die Poſtwagens Erpeditionen. DberEinnehmer. | 153 8.) die Ausgangszoller mit den Ausgangszoll Manua⸗ lien h.) ſaͤmmtliche Acciſer mit Accisgeldzeichen, Accis Ma⸗ nualien, Controllbuͤchern, ſodann mit ſaͤmmtlichen Formularien, deren fie nach ihrer beſondern Inſtruk⸗ tion und nach den Ortsverhaͤltniſſen beduͤrfen. Es ſind jedem Zoller und Acciſer ſo viele Geldzei⸗ chen einzuhaͤndigen, daß er für einen ganzen Monat da⸗ mit ausreichen Tann. Verlangt er im Laufe des Monats einen neuen Vorrath, fo hat ihm der Dbereinnehmer ge: gen Quittung fo viele Zeichen abzugeben, daß er nit Leicht in den Fall fommt, eine zweite Lleferung zu vers langen. Mehr ald drei Abgaben, eine zur ‚Zeit der Ab⸗ rechnung, eine zweite und dritte im Laufe des Monats tönnen wohl nicht vorfommen, wenn der Dbereinnehmer diefe Borfchrift befolgt, und follte auch nicht vorkommen, weil das Gontrollbuch des Acciferd nur auf 3 Lieferun⸗ gen geſtellt ift. Sedem Zoller und Xccifer find jährlich 7 Bogen aß Controllbuch ——— welche für zwölf Monate hin⸗ reichen. | $. 5. » Berfahren bei der Abrehnung mit den Zollern und Acciſern. Die Obereinnehmer haben mit den Ortözollern und Accifern monatlich) abzurechnen, und Die Zolls und Accis⸗ einnahme vom verfloffenen Monat zu erheben. Es müß einem jeden ein für allemal ein Tag beftimmt wers 154 Inſtruktion für bie ha den, an dem er fih am ObereinnebmereyGige zur Ib rechnung ftellen muß. Die Abrechnunggzeit für jeden ver ‚Koffenen Monat läuft vom ıten bis zum ı5ten ded new angehenden Monats, fo daß bei der Ausdehnung der Obereinnehmerey Diftrifte in einem Tage mehrere Zoller und Accifer abgefertigt werden müflen. Damit für bie Zoller und Acciſer fo wenig Zeit als möglich verlohren gehe, ift denſelben die Zeit genau zu beſtimmen, wo die Abrechnung mit ihnen gepflogen werden fol. Sollten die Zolls Accis⸗ u. Ohmgeldögefälle an einem Ort fi unbedeutend ſeyn, dag die Koften der monatlichen Abreir sehnung im Berhältnig zum monatlichen Betrag biefe Gefälle zu hoch fteigen würden, fo kann, menn ein fol her Ort dem ObereinnehmereySiz nicht ganz zahe liest, für die Zoller und Acciſer in demfelben ein, zwei oder det monatliher Abrechnurfgstermin beftimmt werden. € mus jedoch in einem jeden folhen Kalle bei der Controb kammer vorberfamft darüber angefragt werden. ben ſe find die Zolfer und Xccifer anzuweifen ihren Geldvorrath nie fo ſehr anwachſen zu laſſen, daß fie wegen ſicheret Verwahrung der Gelder in Verlegenheit kommen koͤnnen. In einem ſolchen Falle hat er ſogleich dem Obereinneh' mer eine Abſchlagszahlung zu leiſten, wofür er eine Je terimsQuittung erhält, und die in das Obereinnehmert‘ Sournal nur innerhalb Falzes eingetragen, alfo nid! ausgeworfen wird, da die ganze Einnahme von jeder Monate erft zur Ahrechnungszeit in dem Jeurnal ausge⸗ worfen werden darf, um reine Monatsrechnungen zu erhalten. — SOber Einnehmer. 155 Was die Abrechnung ſelbſt betrifft, fo haben die Ober⸗ einnehmer | 1.) die Manualien quo ad calculum in Gegenwart der Rechnungspflichtigen zu prüfen und zu unterfus hen, ob die, nah den Inſtruktionen der Zoller und Acciſer erforderlihen Beilagen vorhanden find, 2.) Die Summen der Accis@innahmen und der ZollEin⸗ nahmen find befonderd zu ziehen, wenn gleich ein Ac⸗ cifer zugleich Zoller ſeyn follte. 3.) In dem Controllbuch find die gezogenen Summen des Empfangd und des Vorraths zu prüfen, die ein, getragenen Empfangsfummen mit den Büchern der Obereinnehmer zu vergleichen, der eingetragene Bors xath am erften des neuen Monats , von der Summe des Vorraths am erften des verfloffenen Monats und bes Empfangs im Laufe deffelben abzuziehen, und auf dieſe Weiſe der Verbrauch an Zeichen herzuſtellen. Dieſer Verbrauch iſt mit der Einnahme nach den Ma⸗ nualien zu bilanziren. Wenn mehr Zeichen verbraucht wurden, als die Einnahme nach den Manualien betraͤgt, ſo iſt der Mehr⸗ verbrauch dem Rechnungspflichtigen zu Laſt zu ſezen. Es iſt dabey zu bemerken, daß fuͤr Zollzeichen und Acciszeichen beſondere Controllbuͤcher gehalten werden, daß alſo die Summe der AccisEinnahmen nad dem Mas nual mit dem Verbrauch an Aceiszeichen und die Summe der Zoll@Einnahmen, nah den Durhgangss Eingangs 156 Infteuttion für die - und Ausgangs Manualien, mit diem Verbrauch an Zoll⸗ zeichen zu controlliren ift. | 4.) So viel die Einnahme nah den Accis⸗ und Zoll⸗ Manualien und refp. der Verbrauch an Zollzeichen nach dem Controllbuch, in dem verfloſſenen Monat betragen hat, ſo viel muͤſſen die Acciſer und Zoller an baarem Gelde aufliefern. Die Graͤnzzoller, welche nach $.78. der Zollordnung eine Ruͤckverguͤtung zu leiſten haben, liefern wie, bereits erwähnt wurde, die Quittungen über die geſchehene Rudı zahlung ftatt baarem Gelde auf. 5.) Die Accis-Durchgangs-Eingangs⸗ und Ausgangszoll Manualien, und das Manual über zuruͤckbezahlte Zölle nehmen die Ober@innehmer den Xeccifern und Zollern mit allen fpeziellen und allgemeinen Beilagen ab. Sie geben ihnen aber das Controllbuch mit einem neuen hinlänglihen Zeihen®Borrath zuruͤck, den ſie ſelbſt in die mit den Worten ıter Empfang uͤberſchriebene Cor Ionne in das für den neu angefangenen Monat eröffnete Blatt eintragen. Den Acciſern laſſen fie noch die Regis fter Über die Accis Schuldigkeiten der MWeinProduzenten und Weinhändler, fo mie die Regiſter über die Bierfutts Aufnahmen, und das DriginalVerzeichniß über den Accis von Immobilien und Erbfchaften in Händen, von wel chem Leztern fie aber jeden Monat eine Abſchrift erbaften. 6.) Nah vollendeter Abrechnung ſtellen die Obereinnch» mer über die empfangenen Gelder Quittungen auß, und zwar, wenn ein Accifer zugleich Zoller ift, oder, 4 Ober Einnehmer. 157 wenn ein Graͤnzzoller AccisEinnahmen aufgeliefert hat, beſondere Quittungen uͤber die aufgelieferte Ac⸗ cis⸗ und Zollgefaͤlle. Dieſe Quittungen haben die Form, welche die Beilagen sub Nro. I. u. IL. dars | fiellen, und werden in duplo angefertigt, wovon eine ald Beweis der Zahlung vom Öbereinnehmer, - die andere ald Gegenſchein von dem Zoller oder Acs cifer zu unterzeichnen ift., Die legtere nimmt der DObereinnehmer zur Hand, und fehidt fie feiner Zeit mit den Manualien zur Sontrollfammer ein. Hierauf bat der OÖbereinnehmer 7.) die Hebgebühren zu berechnen, welche den Zolfern und Acciſern von den aufgelieferten Geldern verwil⸗ | ligt werden follen, denfelben den beredn Betrag und die geordneten Diäten auszuzahlen "und ſich dafür eine Quittung audftellen zu laffen. 8.) Sollte ein Ortszoller oder XAccifer im Laufe Yes Monats gar feine Zolls oder AccisGefaͤlle eingenom⸗ men haben, fo muß er dies fchriftlich betätigen, und ſich durd Borzeigung feiner Geldzeichen und ber ManualBogen daruber ausweiſen. ⸗ In unbedeutenden Orten kann dieſer Fall in N Mr fehung des Ausgangszolls, bei Graͤnzzollern in Anſehung des Acciſes von eingehenden Conſumtions Artikeln oͤf⸗ ters eintreten. Wenn ein J nicht ſo viel Geld auf⸗ zuliefern im Stand iſt, als er nach dem Manual einge⸗ nommen bat; fo muß der Obereinnehmer dem betreffen x 158 ” Inſtruktion für die den Amte auf der Stelle die Anzeige davon machen, und unter Communication mit dem Oberinſpector bei dem KreidDirectorium auf die Entfernung defielben vom Dien⸗ fte, und auf die fchleunigfte Wiederbefesung feiner Stelle antragen, auch fogleih ein taugliches Eubject, wenn demfelben ein folched befannt ift, in Vorſchlag bringen, welches dad Amt in dringenden Fällen ohne weiters pro viſoriſch zu beftätigen bat. j Sollte ein Zoller oder Accifer zwar den nach dem Accis⸗ Manual eingenommenen Betrag aufliefern, jedoch mehr : Zeichen verbraudt haben, als die Einnahme nad tem Manual beträgt, und nicht im Stande ſeyn, dad Deftit dur abzugebende verdorbene Zeichen zu deden, fo hat fi der Ya warn das Deficit nicht bedeutend ift, zu Pfhugen, den fehlenden Betrag an ben Erhebungd gebühren und Diäten des Nechnungspflichtigen zuräd zu behalten, wenn aber der an Zeichen fehlende Betrag be deutend ift; fo bat derfelbe dem Oberinſpector Nadridt davon zu Zeben, bamit diefer die nähere Unterſuchung veranlaflen fann, den Zeichenverluft dem Zoller oder Ar eifer einftweilen zur Laft zu fegen, und die Erhebungs⸗ gebühren einzuhalten. $. 6. Reviſion der Arbeiten der Zoller und Aceiſet nach gepflogener Abrehnung. Wenn der Obereinnehmer mit allen Zollern und Ac⸗ eifern feined Diſtrikts abgerechnet hat; fo muß er die zuruͤckbehaltenen Arbeiten derfelben einer nochmaligen ge⸗ Ober Einnehmer. | 159 nauern Prüfung unterwerfen "und unterfuchen: ob vie Einträge in die Manualien den Vorſchriften gemäß eins gerichtet worden find, welche die Jnſtruktionen für die Zoller und Xccifer und die Zollorbnung felbft enthalten, ob die Anfäge nah den Zolls und AcciöTarifen gemacht und richtig berechnet, und die erforderlihen Beilagen überall in der vorgefchrivbenen Form beigebracht worden find. Die Zeit der nächften Abrechnung ift fodann zu bes | nugen, um die Zoffer und Accifer in ihrer Geſchaͤftsfuͤh⸗ rung zu unterrichten , fie auf die materielle und formelle Gebrechen ihrer Dienftführung, welche der Obereinnchs mer in den Manunlien ded verflofenen Monats, erft nah geflogener Abrechnung entdeden konnte, auf unrich⸗ tige Anwendungen der Gefeze, auf gefezwidrige Anfäze aufmerffam zu machen, fie zur richtigen Führung ber Manualien und Regifter und vorſchriftsmaͤßigen Ausftels lung der vorfommenden Atteftate anzuweifen, fie zu prüs fen: ob fie die erforderliche Fertigkeit in Reduktionen ihrer Orts Maaſe auf das neue Maas erlangt haben, und ihnen, wo es noͤthig ift, darin Unterricht zu ertheilen, Eine vorzüglihe Aufmerkſamkeit hat der Obereinnehe wer auf die vorfchriftemäfiige Führung der HulfsRegifter zu richten, worüber die Vorfchriften im $. 18. der In: ftruftion für die Accifer gegeben worden find. Die in Diefe Regifter eingetragene Zahlungen müffen genau mit Dem Accis Manual übereinftimmen. Auch in Beziehung auf Ausflände, welche allein bei den in dieſe Verzeichniße eingetragenen Schuldigfeiten vorfommen koͤnnen, wird 160 Inſtruktion fuͤr die ihnen die genaueſte Aufmerkſamkeit empfohlen, und die ſchleunigſte Beitreibung der Ruͤckſtaͤnde zur vorzuͤglichſten Pflicht gemacht. | Wenn fie aus den Manualien entnehmen, daß einem Accis- oder Zollpflihtigen mehr abgenommen, oder ne niger angefezt wurde, als er fhuldig war, und dad Ob⸗ ject nicht ganz unbedeutend iſt, fo haben ſie darüber:an das Kreis Directorium Bericht zu erſtatten, und ſich die Legitimation zu erbitten, das zu viel Erhobene zuruͤch be zahlen, oder das zu wenig Bezahlte durch die Ortoͤ Atü— fer nachträglich einziehen zu lafien, welche Leztern tie Einnahme in ihr Manual tragen, und dad gemöhnlide DeclarationdBollet fammt eldzeichen abgeben mul, worauf fie zu inftruiren find. Um die Berichtö@rftattun gen nicht zu vervielfältigen, find ale ſolche Fälle in ein Berzeihniß zu tragen, Dad dem KreisDirectorium monat lich zur Prüfung vorzulegen ift. Die Obereinnebmer find für die rihtige Dienftfuh, rung ihrer Untergegebenen verantwortlih, und mülm fi daher genau mit den Inſtruktionen bekannt madhen welche denfelben gegeben worden find, was fchon um dei willen unumgänglich nothwendig it, weil: ihre eigene Berrihtungen in dem engften Zufammenhang mit dA Gefhäften der Zoller und Acciſer ftehen, und die ihn für ihre eigene Gefhäftsführung gegebene Inftruftion fi auf jene bezieht, und dadurch zum Theil vervoliftändig wird. Jedes Ober Einnehmer. 161 Jedes Dienſtgebrechen ihrer Untergebenen, welches ihnen bei der Abrechnung oder ſonſt bekannt wird, und dad eine Entfernung derfelben vom‘ Dienfte, oder fonft eine Ahndung nach ihrem Ermeffen nach ſich ziehen folfte, haben fie dem Kreisdirektorium gemeinfchaftlich mit dem Oberinſpektor einzuberichten, und von demfelben, den oben $. 5. Artikel 8. erwähnten dringenden Fall ausge⸗ nommen, wo ſie gemeinſchaftlich mit dem Amte proviſo⸗ riſch einſchreiten koͤnnen, die Reſolution zu erwarten. | $. 7. | Bon dem Subordinationd » Verhältnig der Dber@innehmer gegen die Kreisdireftorien und die Controllfammer. Die Ober@innehmer ftehen. ald Berrechner der Zolls Accis⸗ und Ohmgeldsßefälle in einem doppelten Subors dinations Verhaͤltniß. Dem Kreisdirektorium ſteht die Aufſicht uͤber ihre Dienſtfuͤhrung, die ganze DienſtPolizey, das Recht der DienſtUnterſuchung, der Anordnung ſchneller unvorherge⸗ ſehener KaſſenStuͤrze, und die Befugniß zu, auf die Ober⸗ EinnehmereiKaſſen ſolche Zahlungen anzuweiſen, wozu nad $. 3. dieſer Inſtruktion die Decretur des Kreisdirek⸗ toriums namentlich erfordert wird. Sn allen Streitigs Teiten der Ober@innehmer mit andern Landesherrlichen Standes⸗ oder grundherrlichen Behörden, die Bezug auf Die, Verwaltung der indirecten Steuern haben, und in Streitigteiten derfelben mit einzelnen Accispflichtigen oder mit den OrtsAcciſern oder Zollern, kommt dem Kreisdis ®. Verorbnungen. ater heil. e 262 Inſtruktion für die | rektorio die Entfheidung zu. An diefes haben fie in allen Gegenftänden,, die das Materielle ihres Dienftes betreffen, Berichte zu erflatten, und ihre Anfragen zu richten. Alle Weifungen, welche fie von demfelben erhalten, müffen fie ſtreyg und unverzuͤglich befolgen. Nur das Rechnungsweſen im engern Sinne, und die eigentlichen KaſſenOperationen ſtehen nicht unter der Lei⸗ tung des Kreisdirektoriums. In dieſer Beziehung ſind die Ober Einnehmer unmit⸗ ‚telbar ber Sontrol Kammer zu Karlsruhe untergeordnet, welche bei dem Großherzog. Finanz Minifterium (Steuer Departement) aufgeftellt ift, und der Generalfafle zur Seite fteht. $. 8. Mähere Beftimmungen über das Berpättnig Bier OberEinnehmereien zur Controllfammer und Generalfaffe. a.) In Beziehung auf Sontrolle. So wie die Unter@rbeber von den Ober@innehmern, fo werden diefe Letztere von ber Control Kammer durch Geldzeichen controlirt. Die Ober Einnehmer werden fi hieraus felbft den Schluß: ziehen, daß fie fehr forgfältig und vorfichtig mit diefem Papiergeld zu verfahren haben. Sie erhalten daſſelbe unmittelbar von der Control» Kammer, an die fie fih bei Abnahme ihres Vorraths, jedesmal bei Zeiten zu wenden haben, damit ſie nie in den Fall kommen, die AbgabsForderungen der Zoller und Acciſer nicht befriedigen zu koͤnnen. Der Mangel eines Ober Einnehmer. 163 Sinfängfigen Vorraths an Geldzeihen, dem der Ober⸗ Einnehmer nicht zu ‚einer Zeit zuvorzufommen füchte, we er noch bis zum eintretenden Mangel eine Lieferung von der EontrollKammer auf dem Poftwagen erwarten Tonnte, wird als ein wahres Dienfigebrehen angefehen und bes ſtraft. Da es dieſer Behörde oft ſchwer fallen Tann, mehrere Forderungen auf einmal zu honoriren, aud der | Poftwagen oft nicht Raum genug bat, ftarfe Sendungen anzunchmen ; fo wird ihnen die allgemeine Vorſchrift ers theilt, ihren Borrath nie unter die Summe des wahr⸗ ſcheinlichen Verbrauchs an jeder Gattung für dref Monate berabfinfen zu laffen. Die Entfhuldigung, daß fie ein Sqreiben auf die Poſt gegeben haͤtten, das verloren gegangen ſeyn muͤſſe, wird nicht fuͤr guͤltig angenommen, wenn dieſe Angabe nicht durch einen Poſtſchein beſtaͤtigt werden kann. Sollte der Fall eintreten, daß dem Ober Einnehmer | die verlangten Zeichen nicht zur gehörigen Zeit zufommen; fo hat er ſich einftweilen an bie benachbarte Ober Einneh⸗ merei’zu wenden, und fi, fo viel dieſe an Zeichen ent⸗ behren Tann, gegen RüdErfaß in natura fogfeih beim Empfang ded neuen Vorraths auszubitten, damit wenig» ſtens das augenblidliche Beduͤrfniß gedeckt wird. Fuͤr die Zeichen, welche ſie von der Controll Kammer erhalten, quittiren ſie auf den ihnen zugeſchickten Sorten⸗ Zettel mit umgehender Poſt. | Sie eröffnen in Gegenwart ihres ie: oder anderer glaubwürdiger Perfonen das ankommende Paquet, ge 164 Inſtruktion für bie damit fie durch diefe den etwaigen Abmangel an Zeichen gegen den SortenZettel befcheinigen können. | $. 9 b,) In Beziehung auf BeldEinfendungen. Die GeneralStaats Kaſſe ift die CentralKaſſe der indis retten Steuern, wohin alle Einnahmen der OberEinneh⸗ mer nad) Abzug der auf der Adminiftration felbft haften ben Locals und Diſtrikts Ausgaben fliegen muͤſſen. 1.) Die Zahlungen an die General Kaſſe koͤnnen auf zweierlei Weiſe geſchehen, a.) durch baare Lieferungen, b.) durch A ContoZahlungen. 2.) Die baaren GeldEinſendungen geſchehen auf dem Poſtwagen. Wenn ſich an dem Wohnſiz des Ober Einnehmers kein Poſtamt oder keine Poſtexpedition befindet; fo muß derſelbe die einzuſendenden Gelder durch einen fihern Boten, oder durch fonft eine fichere Gelegenheit an die nächfte Poftftation abfchiden. Da dem Ober@innehmer die Wahl des Voten oder der Gelegenheit zufteht; fo gefchieht die Berfendung auf feine Gefahr. Es darf fein Geld auf den Poſtwagen gegeben wer: den, ohne daß dafür ein Poftfchein genommen, und bie Generalfaffe zu gleicher Zeit von der gefchebenen Aufgabt benachrichtigt wird. Die GeneralKaffe wird dem Oben Einnebmer den Empfang des Geldes jedesmal unverweilt | anzeigen. u Anzeige, die dem Ober Einnehmer ald Interim$Quittung dienen fol, innerhalb 3 Bo chen vom Tage der Aufgabe auf die Poſt an, gerechnet, L d . Ober@innehmer. | 166 nicht ankommt; ſo hat derſelbe die GeneralKaſſe zu moniren, und zu aller Vorſorge das Poſtamt ein ſtweilen davon in Kenntniß zu ſetzen. 3.) à ContoZahlungen werden nur auf erfolgende An⸗ weiſungen der GeneralKaſſe und auf Rechnung der⸗ ſelben geleiſtet. Der OberEinnehmer iſt verbunden, jede Anweiſung der GeneralStaats Kaſſe ohne allen Verzug zu honoriren, ſo weit es der Zuſtand ſeiner Kaſſe erlaubt. Dieſe Anweiſungen muͤſſen aber beſtimmt auf Zahlungen aus der indirecten Steuer Kaffe für Rechnung der GeneralKaſſe lauten, wenn einem Ober Einnehmer neben der Berwaltung der Accis⸗ Ohmgelds- und Zollgefälle, noch eine andere Vers rechnung, 3. B. die der directen Steuer übertragen ſeyn ſollte. Kommt in einem foldhen Falle, wo nämlih ein Dber@innehmer in Anfehung mehrerer folher Verrechnungen mit der GeueralKaſſe in Beruͤh⸗ rung und Abrehnung fteht, eine unbeftimmte Anweis. fung an, fo ift fie nicht aus der indirecten Steuer Kaffe, fondern aus andern Gefällen zu honoriren. Die Anmweifungen der GeneralKaſſe find von dreierlei Art. Sie kann die OberEinnehmer beauftragen: a.) eine einzelne beſtimmte Zahlung , oder b.) beftimmte, zu gewiſſen Zeiten immer wiederkeh⸗ rende Zahlungen, 3. B. PenfiondZahlungen, ober c,) einer andern Ober&innehmerei, oder auch anderen Verrechnungen einen Geldzufhuß für fie zu leiften; jeder Ober@innehmer, der einen folgen Zuſchuß u nn a a en — s 166 Inſtruktion für die erhält, ift verbunden, fogleich mit umgehender Poſt dafür zu quittiren. 4.) Bis zu Ende eined jeden Monats müffen der Ger neralKaffe alle Gelder aufgeliefert worden ſeyn, wels he im Laufe befielben eingegangen find. Da fogleid mit dem erften des nächften Monats von den Zollern und Xccifern die LocalCinnabmen vom verfloflenen Monat aufgeliefert werden, und die Kaſſe des Ober Einnehmerd daher ſogleich wiederum angefuͤllt wird, fo kann und muß derfelbe feine ganze Cinnahme des laufenden Monats bis zu Ende deffelben, ohne einen KaffenReft zurüdzubehalten, zur Generalfaffe einfenden, in fo fern er dieſe Gelder nicht nöthig hat, um die etwa bereit3 eingelaufenen Anweifungen derfelhen ho⸗ noriren zu koͤnnen. Diefen Ieztern Kal ausgenoms men, darf er nie über 1,000 fl. länger als 8 Tage in, der Kaffe liegen laffen, fondern muß, wie er biefe Summe beifammen bat, bdiefelbe jedesmal im Laufe des Monats an die GeneralKaſſe abfenden. Am lezten Poſttag vor Ablauf des Monats liefert er fodann den vollen Reft feiner Einnahme von demfelben auf. 5.) Es wird mit der GeneralStaats Kaſſe monatlid auf folgende Weife abgeredynet. Der Ober&innehmer fertigt jedesmal am Lezten dei Monats oder in den erfien Tagen des neuen Monats ein Berzeichniß-über die auf Anmweifung der General Kaſſe gelei⸗ ſtete Zahlungen, dem er die Belege anſchlleßt. Ober Einnehmer. 267 Sodann entwirft er eine Quittung uͤber alle zu ſpe⸗ zifizirende GeldEinſendungen, die er im Laufe des ver⸗ floſſenen Monats an die GeneralKaſſe gemacht hat, unter jedesmaliger Bemerkung des Tages, wo die Aufgabe auf die Poſt geſchah, ſezt am Ende die Summe der auf Rech⸗ nung der GeneralKaſſe geleiſteten Zahlungen unter Bezug auf das anzulegende Verzeichniß, und die demfelben ange: fhloffenen Belege bei, und zieht die Totalsumme, für die er eine MonatöQuittung zu erwarten hat.. Diefe Quittung wird von ihm felbft in triplo ent: worfen. Zwei Eremplarien werden der Generalfaffe mit ſaͤmmtlichen Beilagen zugefendet, welche ein Exemplar dem OberEinnehmer unterfchrieben zurädfchicdt, und das ans dere zuruͤckbehaͤlt. Das dritte Eremplar ift an die Con; troll Kammer einzufenden. Diefe DQuittungen find ganz Reinfach, wie die Beilage sub Nro, 2, zeigt, deren lezte Colonne frei zu laſſen ift, damit die GeneralKaſſe den Datum des Empfangs und das Folium des Journals eins ſetzen kann. Die OberEinnehmer dürfen fi durch nichts, ed mag Namen haben weldhen es will, abhalten laſſen, diefer Anordnung Folge zu leiften. Sollten noch höhere darauf Bezug habende Refolutionen ausftehen, fo ift deſ⸗ fen unerachtet abzufchlieffen, und der Anftand in der Abs sehnung zu bemerken. Es ift beinahe uͤberfluͤſſig, dabei zu erwaͤhnen, daß, wenn auch die Abrechnung erſt im Lauf des kuͤnftigen Monats, z. B. am zten Dit. gefertigt und abgeſchickt wird, diefelbe doch nur ſolche Rechnungs Pofitionen ent x 168 E Inſtruktion für die halten dürfe, welche in den verflofienen Monat gehören. Bis zum 15. eined jeden Monats laͤngſtens, muß die Quittung und refp. Abrechnung uber die Geldauflieferun gen und & ContoZahlungen auf die naͤchſte Poft gegeben werden. Der Berrechner darf daher nie den Testen Poſt⸗ tag vor dem 15. verfäumen. ‚An dem Tage, wo biefelbe bei der. Generalſaſſe ans fommen follte, und nicht einlangt, wird von diefer Stelle das betreffende Kreisdireftorium fogleich erfudht, einen Boten an den fäumigen Verrechner abzufenden, der fih fo lange an dem OberCinnehmereiSige aufhält, bis der OberEinneh⸗ mer die verfpäteten Arbeiten gefertigt, und ibm, dem Boten eingehändigt hat. Der Leztere überbringt ſodam die Abrechnung dem Kreisdireftorium, welches diefelbe der Poft übergeben läßt. Es verfteht ſich dabei, dag die Abs fendung des Boten auf Koften ded Verrechners gefchieht. Da, wo die Abſchickung eined Boten nicht ftatt findet, wo naͤmlich der Ober Einnehmer am Siz des Kreisdirel⸗ toriums wohnt, tritt an die Stelle derſelben eine Strafe von 3 fl. — | = $. 10. c,) In Beziehung auf das Rechnungs weſen. 1.) Der ControllKammer iſt die CentralBuchhaltung, das iſt die richtige und fortſchreitende Darſtellung aller Einnahmen an Zoll⸗Accis- und Ohmgelds Gefaͤllen, und aller darauf haftenden Ausgaben, 2.) die Controll der mittlern Rechnungsbehoͤrden, d- i. der Ober@innehmereien, Ober Einnehmer. 169 3.) die Reviſion und Abhoͤr der — derſelben uͤbertragen. Die OberEinnehmer ſtehen daher in Beziehung uf ReviſionsGeſchaͤfte, RehnungsStellung, und überhaupt auf Comptabilität unmittelbar unter der Controll Kammer, und muͤſſen alle dahin Bezug habenben — der⸗ ſelben puͤnktlich befolgen. Um dieſe Stelle in den Stand zu * die ihr ob⸗ liegende Geſchaͤfts Verbindlichkeiten in ihrem ganzen Um⸗ fang zu erfüllen, erhalten die Ober@innehmer folgende Vorſchriften, welchen fie genau nachkommen muͤſſen. So wie die OberEinnehmer im Laufe eines jeben' Monats vom ı. bid zum 13 längftens mit jedem Zoller und Acciſer über die Einnapm® dom verfloffenen Monat abzurechnen haben, eben. fo müflen fie der Controll Kam⸗ mer vom 1. bis laͤngſtens zum 15. eined jeden Monats über ihre Einnahmen und Ausgaben tabellarifhe Rech» nungen und Etats ftellen, denen fie ale Manualien der Zoller und Acciſer mit den ſaͤmmtlichen RehnungsBelegen und eine Abfeprift ihres Journals, fo wie bie übrigen Etats anfchließen, von denen weiter unten gehandelt wer den fol.
| 28,693 |
sn88061252_1950-08-18_1_2_1
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US-PD-Newspapers
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| null |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 393 | 805 |
Celebrating Our 11th Anniversary To Elks In Illinois and Wisconsin GREETINGS: It is my privilege to thank you for your confidence and your support throughout the years. I shall expect to see you in the Windy City next week where we shall continue the fine work of the order. Until then, good wishes. Dr. A. L. Frazier, Pres. 128 E. MAIN ST. DANVILLE, ILL. NOW IN PROGRESS At 102 E. MAIN ST. DANVILLE, ILLINOIS Meis Thrilling, Exciting Treasure Chest Values COME IN AND GET YOUR KEY! If your key opens the lock on our Chest, you will find one of the 1,724 valuable prizes, worth a total of $8,119.24. Try your key in the link of our treasure Chest every day till August 20... locks are changed daily... if your key does not fit one day, it might fit the next. Everyone is eligible to receive and try a key except persons under 10 years of age or employees of Meis Bros., and their families. Congratulations on your 11th Anniversary Guy W. Stanner FIELD SEEDS WASHINGTON and HICKORY St. Phone 2142 CHAMPAIGN, Ill. 11th ANNIVERSARY BEST WISHES ON YOUR - MODEL LAUNDRY CO. AND SOUDER CLEANERS Established 1866 518 S. NEIL ST. Phone 5224 CHAMPAIGN, Ill. Kresge's Classroom Success! SCHOOL DRESSES -- - $1.98 and $2.95. MINATURE PLAID WESC OATS - JOHNNY COLLARS SIMULATED BOLEROES, MATCHING YOKES AND SKIRT BOORDERS ~ SIZES 7-12 SOME REALLY ADORABLE STYLES FOR THE ELEMENTARY CROWD - SIZES 3 - 6x - $1.95 $1.98 LARGE VARIETY OF WASH FAST COLORS - 25c MISSES & CHILDREN’S AN KLETS - WHITE & FALL COLORS - 15c—25c BOY’S SCHOOL SOX S. S. Kresge’s Co. 2 MAIN ST. r, 215 N. NEIL ST. IT’S THE SURPLUS STORE’S ANNUAL JACKET JAMBREE All kinds of Jackets for Fall and Winter. Hundreds of fine garments to choose from. Be sure to come in and SEE the most spectacular jacket values in the Twin Cities BUY NOW ON LAY AWAY Have your Jacket Daid for when winter arrives. PRICED FROM $2.98 to $29.94 - CHAMPAIGN WAR SURPLUS STORE 115 S. NEIL ST. Phone 6-4703 GOOD WISHES FOR YOUR Success on This Your 11th ANNIVERSARY May We Work Together For Good of Our Country Illinois Water Service Co. 122 N. Walnut st. Champaign, Ill. 117 S. Race St. Urbana, Ill. 6-1861 Phone 7-2600 — I ■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
| 47,439 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlton%20Slough
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Charlton Slough
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https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlton Slough&action=history
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Cebuano
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Spoken
| 59 | 91 |
Suba ang Charlton Slough sa Tinipong Bansa. Nahimutang ni sa kondado sa Beaverhead County ug estado sa Montana, sa sentro nga bahin sa nasod, km sa kasadpan sa Washington, D.C. Ang Charlton Slough mao ang bahin sa tubig-saluran sa Mississippi River ang ulohan sa nasod.
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Mississippi River (suba) tubig-saluran
Mga suba sa Montana (estado)
| 32,945 |
LarousGrdictionnXIX14bnf_719
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French-PD-diverse
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,866 |
Grand dictionnaire Universel du XIXe siècle, vol. 14
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Larousse, Pierre
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French
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Spoken
| 7,003 | 11,057 |
Ensuite Hilarion prend la figure d'un ar change et s'appelle la Science ; sous cette forme nouvelle il dévoile le secret de l'uni vers, les lois de la matière et de l'étendue, il détruit toutes les illusions et les remplace par la réalité. Pour donner une idée exacte de cette dernièje partie de l'ouvrage, nous citerons quelques lignes empruntées à un compte rendu donné par le journal le Temps: ■ Mon royaume, dit Hilarion, est de la di » mension de l'univers. Je vais affranchissant » l'esprit et pesant les mondes... On m'ap » pelle la Science. » Antoine veut écouter l'harmonie des planètes. « Tu ne lçs enten » dras pas. Tu ne verras pas non plus l'an » tichthone de Platon, le foyer de Philolaùs, » les sphères d'Aristote, ni les sept cieux, des » Juifs, avec les grandes eaux par-dessus la » voûte de cristal... Jamais le soleil ne se » couche. La terre n'est pas le centre du » monde. — Mais, s'écrie le malheureux » moine, quel est le but de tout cela? — lln'y » a pas de but... L'exigence de ta raison fait » elle la loi des choses? — Pourtant, la créa » tion? — Si Dieu a créé l'univers, sa provi » dence est superflue. Si la providence existe, » la création est défectueuse. — Mais la jus » tice suprême? — Le mal et le bien ne con » cernent que toi. — Mais la prière? — Tu " désires que Dieu ne soit pas Dieu; car s'il » éprouvait de l'amour, de la colère ou de la » pitié, il passerait de sa perfection à une » perfection plus grande ou plus petite. — » Un jour, cependant, je le verrai. — Avec » les bienheureux, n'est-ce pas? Quand le fini » jouira de l'infini dans un endroit restreint » enfermant l'absolu? » » Après avoir assené avec une implacable rudesse ces phrases qui portent coup, Hila rion, le diable, la science, s'attaquant à l'u nique fondement de nos connaissances, la certitude de la sensation, lance le trait final : « Peut-être qu'il n'y a rien? » Le rêve d'Antoine so prolonge jusqu'aux premiers rayons du jour. Le solitaire se ré veille, ne conservant qu'un vague souvenir des angoisses qu'il a souffertes dans sa chair et dans son esprit. Tentation (la), comédie en cinq actes et six tableaux, en prose, par M. Octave Feuil let ; théâtre du Vaudeville (19 mars 1860). Camille de Vardes est mariée depuis dix-huit ans, c'est-à-dire qu'elle abordera bientôt la quarantaine, et elle se prend à pleurer la perte de ses illusions, elle regrette de ne pou voir recommencer la vie. Entourée de sa mère, une vieille coquette, et de sa belle mère, une vieille prude, elle n'a personne qui la comprenne, elle n'a pas un cœur où elle puise déverser le trop-plein du sien. Son mari, Gontran de Vardes, ne l'aime plus que par habitude, et, un jour qu'elle se plaint à lui de son indifférence, il lui répond qu'il ne peut 'passer sa vie à ses pieds, et qu'après dix-huit ans de ménage il a cru pouvoir déposer la guitare. C'est bien là ce dont Camille se plaint, car il lui semble sentir en elle une éciosion nouvelle de désirs et d'aspirations. Sa fille, la rieuse et insouciante Hélène, ne peut comprendre l'air mélancolique et rêveur qui assombrit sans cesse les yeux de sa mère, et c'est pour celle-ci un nouveau sujet de tristesse. Cependant un jeune diplomate, George de Trévélyan, l'inconnu après lequel, sans le savoir, Camille de Vardes aspire de puis si longtemps, fait son apparition dans le château, et, fidèle à sa profession de sé ducteur, il dresse aussitôt ses batteries con tre la vertu de Camille , qui se débat molle ment et ne demande qu'à céder. Elle veut pourtant tenter un dernier effort en se déci dant à quitter Paris avec son mari, qui ne désire rien tant, depuis bien des années, que de mener dans ses terres la vie de chasseur et de centaure. Aussi, pour faire ses adieux au monde, Camille donne dans son hôtel un grand bal, où elle signifie sa résolution à M. de Trévélyan. Mais au moment où elle éloigne le diplomate, elle acquiert la preuve de l'infidélité de son mari. La révolte s'em. pace de son àme. Ahl si M. de Trévélyan re venait! Il revient en effet, et Gontran se trouve là, par hasard, à portée d'entendre ses protestations de dévouement, ses projets de fuite adressés à Camille. Alors le carac tère du mari, jusqu'alors sacrifié, se révèle et se relève tout à coup. Il dépouille ses fa çons de sportsman pour redevenir gentil homme et, après avoir forcé sa femme de rentrer dans le bal, il engage avec M. de Trévélyan une querelle futile et justifie ainsi TENT 1615 aux yeux du monde le duel qui aura lieu le lendemain. Avant de se rendre sur le terrain, Gontran signifie à sa femme qu'ils continue ront à vivre sous le même toit, mais que, le jour où leur fille Hélène se mariera, ils fein dront une discussion d'intérêts qui motivera de leur part une rupture complète. Six mois se passent, en effet, et les deux époux, con vaincus mutuellement de leurs torts, se ré concilient la veille du mariage d'Hélène avec son cousin Achille de Kérouare, un des ca ractères les mieux réussis de la pièce. <■ La Tentation, dit M. Emile Montégut, est une combinaison de la Crise, du Cheveu blanc et du Pour et le contre, en sorte que cette pièce n'est autre que la donnée favorite des Pro verbes de M. Octave Feuillet, agrandie et augmentée de manière à répondre aux exi gences de l'optique et de l'acoustique théâ trale, i Cela est vrai; mais la combinaison est ingénieuse; l'auteur a su y joindre une foule de détails piquants, et en faire surgir quelques scènes véritablement dramatiques et émouvantes. Plusieurs caractères sont analysés avec une finesse remarquable, ceux entre autres d'Achille de liérouare et de Tré vélyan; enfin, il est presque superflu de van ter l'élégance et la distinction du style de M. Octave Feuillet. M. Paul de Saint-Victor a relevé avec son tact et son esprit habituels cette sorte de parenté qui relie la plupart des pièces de M. Feuillet, et l'a caractérisée en ces termes : « M. Octave Feuillet, dit-il, est quelque chose comme le sonneur du tocsin conjugal, et il en tire des mélodies plaintives ou moqueuses qui moralisent sur les plus doux airs... Tentation dans le désert (LA) OU la Tenta tion du CurUt. Iconogr. Au sujet de la ma nière dont il convient de représenter cet épi sode évangélique, voici les renseignements que donnent les Analecta juris pontifiai (22e livraison), revue publiée k Rome : ■ Outre les affreux rochers dont les peintres remplis sent le désert que Notre-Seigneur choisit pour sa retraite, ils feront bien d'y représen ter des bêtes sauvages, suivant ce que nous lisons dans saint Marc : Eratque cuni bestiis. On peut représenter le tentateur sous forme humaine : les gens instruits goûtent même qu'on le peigne sous la forme d'un homme grave prenant tout l'extérieur de la sainteté, ce qui n'empêche pas de placer de petites cornes sur la tête, ainsi que des griffes aux pieds, pour la plus grande intelligence du spectateur. On peut croire que le démon changea de forme dans la seconde tentation, et qu'il se présenta sous la forme d'un ange, car l'enlèvement de Jésus-Christ sur le pi nacle du temple est plus convenablement opéré par un ange que par un homme. Dans la troisième tentation, par laquelle Satan promettait tous les royaumes du inonde, on peut croire qu'il se présenta dans tout l'ap pareil de la majesté royale. Le pinacle était une balustrade qui entourait le toit du tem ple. Comment expliquer que Satan ait pu présenter tous les royames de la terre aux yeux de Notre-Seigneur? C'est vraisembla blement par l'effet d'une opération magique, qui présenta ce que le monde aime par-des sus tout, des palais magnifiques, des mon ceaux d'or et d argent, des trônes resplen 1616 TENT dissants , des habits de pourpre , etc. • La scène que les artistes représentent ordinni rement est celle que saint Matthieu raconte en ces termes : « Le diable le transporta en core sur une montagne fort haute, et, lui montrant tous les royaumes du monde et toute la gloire qui les accompagne, il lui dit : «Je te donnerai toutes ces choses, si, en te «prosternant devant moi, tu m'adores. » Mais Jésus lui répondit : a Retire-toi , Satan , car « il est écrit : Vous adorerez le Seigneur « votre Dieu, et vous n'adorerez que lui seul, s Rubens avait représenté ce sujet dans un tableau qui a malheureusement péri dans l'incendie de l'église des jésuites, à Anvers, en 1718, mais dont la composition nous a été conservée par une estampe de Christophe Jegher. Le ïintoret a peint une Tentation du Christ qui a été gravée par P. Van Lisebet ten. Berseneff a gravé une figure du Tenla teur d'après le Titien pour la galerie du duc d'Orléans. Un tableau de J. Kônig, signé et daté de 1663 et qui a fait partie de la galerie Pommersfelden, représente Jésus rencontrant Satan au milieu d'un paysage très-accidenté. Une composition pittoresque et quelque peu fantastique a été gravée par Hieronymus Gock au xvi« siècle; le paysage, qui repré sente un bois et les bords d'un vaste lac, est dans le style de P. Breughel, qui pourrait bien, d'ailleurs, être l'auteur de la composi tion entière. D'autres gravures sur le même sujet ont été exécutées par Abraham Bosse, Gustave-Adolphe Muller (d'après Brandi), John King (d'après J. Breughel), Nicolas de Bruyn (1650J , M. -A. Cerquozzi , P. van den Berge (d'après Gérard de Lairesse), Crispin de Passe, G. Testana (d'après i). Piola), Perd. Landerer (d'après M. -J. Schmidt, 1760), Adr. Collaert (d'après Martin de Vos), etc. Plusieurs peintres de notre époque ont re présenté la Tentation dans le désert. Nous décrivons ci-après le remarquable tableau dans lequel cette scène a été retracée par Ary Scheffer; parmi les autres compositions, it nous suffira de citer celles d'Edouard Ber lin (Salon de 1841), Félix de Boischevalier (Salon de 1844], C.-J. Lecointe (Salon de 1SS1). Bida et Gustave Doré ont fait sur le même sujet de beaux dessins pour des édi tions illustrées des Evangiles. Un sculpteur de talent, Capellaro, a exposé au Salon de 1868 un groupe représentant le Christ mon trant le ciel à Satan accroupi k ses pieds et qui lui tend un sceptre royal ou impérial surmonté d'un aigle. Tentation du Ciirlm (la), tableaux d'Ary Schetfur. La scène représentée est celle ou Satan montre au Christ, du haut de la mon tagne, tous les royaumes de l'univers. Il se rait difficile de voir une figure plus calme, plus noble et empreinte d'une sérénité plus surhumaine que celle de Jésus debout sur la hauteur et jetant un regard de superbe in différence sur le spectacle qui lui est offert. Satan, placé au second plan , est d'un très beau caractère aussi et d'un beau dessin. Cette toile, qui n'a pas moins de 3>n,38 de hauteur sur 2m,35 de largeur, appartient au musée du Louvre. C'est une des dernières œuvres de Scheffer qui, par un travail de plusieurs années, s'est efforcé d'y atteindre aux dernières limites de L'expression. Tentation de «alnt Antoine. IcOIlOgr. « Les peintres qui ont voulu représonter des l'en talions de saint Antoine n'ont pas toujours respecté la décence; le Tintoiet, par exem ple, a laissé échapper de son pinceau des compositions bien inconvenantes.» Ainsi s'ex prime une revue dogmatique publiée à Rome sous le titre à' Analeeta juris pontifiai (22e li vraison). Nous ne connaissons du ïintoret qu'une seule Tentation de saint Antoine, qui a été peinte par le grand artiste pour l'église des Saints-Gervais-et-Protais, & Venise, et qui a été gravée par Augustin Carrache (1582) et par Battista da Parma (1586); on y voit une femme très-décolletée qui remplit le rôle de tentatrice. Une peinture analogue de Paul Véronèse, qui appartenait autrefois à la cathédrale de Mantoue, fut apportée en France après le traité de Tolentino et se voit aujourd'hui au musée de Caen; un dé mon, sous les traits d'une femme aux robus tes appas, s'est précipité sur le saint ermite et l'empêche de se relever, taudis qu'un se cond, d'un aspect moins séduisant, le menace d'un pied de cheval dont il est armé, comme d'une massue. Vasari parle de ce tableau, et Cadioli, dans sa Descrizione délie pitture di Atantova, le signale comme un chef-d'œuvre digne de figurer dans la plus belle galerie du inonde ; la couleur a malheureusement beau coup poussé au noir. Vasari a donné de grands éloges à une Tentation de saint Antoine peinte, vers 1410, par Lippo Fiorentinodans le cloître du couvent de Sant'Antonio, à Flo rence. Parmi les autres compositions de l'é cole italienne sur le même sujet, nous men tionnerons celles d'Annibal Carrache (gravée par G. Audran, par Benoît Farjat et par Claude Stella), de Giulio Benso (église Saint | Antoine, à la Fieve del Tecco, près de Gê j nés), de Stefano di Giovanni (galerie de | l'Institut des beaux-arts, àSienne),deR.Ma netti (église Saint-Augustin, à Sienne), de Camillo froeaccini (gravée par A. Bloote iingh et par V. Vaillant), de Salvutor Rosa. (au palais Pitti , gravée par Dequevauvii ler), etc. La Tentation de saint Antoine a été pour TENT les artistes des écoles du Nord un prétexte à mettre en scène des démons aux formes les plus bizarres , les plus monstrueuses. Un chef-d'œuvre en ce genre est l'estampe de Martin Schôngauer que nous décrivons ci après. Les gravures de Lucas Cranacb (1500), Lucas de Leyde (1509) et Jérôme Bosch (1522) sont aussi des plus curieuses. A l'exem ple de Martin SehOngauer, Cranuch a repré senté saint Antoine enlevé à son ermitage et porté dans les airs par les démons. L'es tampe de Lucas de Leyde diffère peu du ta bleau peint par le même maître et qui ap partient à la galerie de Dresde : le vieil er mite s'est retiré à l'écart pour prier; il est assis nu pied d'un arbre, sur un rocher, ayant près de lui une croix et un livre ouvert, et tenant des deux mains un chapelet (dans la gravure, il appuie une main sur son livre); devant lui se dresse le diable , non plus un horrible monstre, mais un très-joli démon femelle vêtu d'une robe élégante, ayant une chaîne d'or au cou, présentant à l'er mite un sceptre et un vase d'or, symboles de la puissance et de lu richesse; n'était un bout «le corne qui sort du bonnet de la dame, il faudrait être saint Antoine lui-même pour deviner Lucifer en cette charmante per sonne. Le vieux moine baisse les yeux et fait une moue dédaigneuse que sa barbe blanche explique autant que sa sainteté. Ce tableau, qui est de forme ronde et qui n'a pas plus de 10 pouces de diamètre, est exécuté avec une remarquable iinasse. Il a été gravé au trait dans la Galerie de l'histoire et des arts de Réveil (VII, pi. 6). Outre son estampe datée de 1522, Jérôme Bosch a consacré plusieurs peintures à la l'enialion de saint Antoine. Il y en a trois au musée de Madrid, deux, au musée du Belvédère, à Vienne, et une au musée d'Anvers ; celle-ci est la plus remar quable: le saint est agenouillé dans une tour en ruine au milieu d'une multitude de dé mons aux formes les plus fantastiques. Le musée d'Anvers possède une Tentation de saint Antoine par Martin de Vos ; la com position se divise en deux parties; dans la partie inférieure , le peintre a figuré une femme jeune, belle et richement parée, qui, serait, dit-on, le portrait de sa propre épouse; il l'a couronnée d'un bois de cerf et lui a mis dans les mains une cassette pleine d'or qu'elle offre à saint Antoine occupé à porter le ca davre de son ami saint Paul vers une fosse creusée par deux lions; des musiciens infer naux, montés, sur des oiseaux grotesques, forment un concert dont l'harmonie n'a pas l'air de captiver l'ermite. Dans la partie su périeure, saint Antoine, en robe rouge et manteau noir, est transporté à travers l'es pace par une légion de démons plus ou moins hideux. Divers épisodes de la vie du saint ermite sont représentés dans le fond du pay sage, sur le devant duquel se passe la scène de la tentation. Ce tableau formait autrefois le sujet central d'un triptyque qui ornait Ja chapelle de saint Antoine, dans la cathédrale d'Anvers. Une Tentation de saint Antoine, par Henri de Blés, peintre flamand qui florissait au commencement du xvie siècle, se voit au musée de Bruxelles. Le saint est assis près d'un tertre, à l'entrée d'un ermitage con struit entre deux vieux troncs d'arbres ; deux femmes nues, accompagnées dune vieille duègne vêtue de rouge, viennent le tenter; l'une d'elles lui présente un plat contenant une petite figure fantastique. Des diableries indescriptibles complètent cette composition. Au fond, des gens se baignent dans une ri vière , sans se douter de la scène infernale qui se passe non loin d'eux. La Tentation de saint Antoine, par Breu gheld'Enfer.que possède le muséede Dresde, est une véritable fantasmagorie. Le bon saint, agenouillé à l'entrée d'une cabane construite sous un grand arbre, joint dévotement les mains et lit dans un grand livre ouvert de vant lui; une belle jeune femme, en costume Catherine de Mèdicis, lui pose gentiment la main sur le bras pour attirer son attention; mais celte jolie souveraine a un cortège de diablotins si bizarres, si grotesques, si hor ripilants, que l'on conçoit très-bieu que l'er mite n'ose pas lever les yeux; il y en a par tout, sur chaque pointe de rocher, sur le toit de la cabane , sur les branches des arbres et il en tombe des nuages. Un paysage très accidenté, avec une ville incendiée, forme le fond du tableau. Réveil a donné une gravure au trait de cette composition dans sa Galerie de l'histoire et des arts (VIII, pi. 83). Un ta bleau de Breughel de Velours sur le même sujet appartient au musée du Belvédère ; la scène se passe dans une grotte, au clair de la lune; le démon est représenté par une jo lie femme , qui ne réussit pas a détourner le saint ermite de la lecture pieuse à laquelle il se livre. Au musée de Madrid, il y a une Tenta tion de saint Antoine de Juachiin Patenier, peintre flamand, contemporain de Henri de Blés. Saint Antoine, vêtu d'une espèce de robe de chambre, est assis sur une pierre; un grand diable le tire par sa cordelière et le fait chavirer, tandis qu'une jeune femme, en costume du commencement du xvic siè cle, lui offre une pomme; deux autres jou vencelles viennent agacer aussi le bon er mite, et l'une d'elles se permet de lui pren dre le menton. Une horrible mégère guide ce trio séducteur. Plus loin, on voit encore TENT d'autres sémillantes diablesses tenter saint Antoine; deux sont attablées dans une bar que que dirige la duègne, et l'une de ces deux soupenses est absolument nue. Teniers est le peintre par excellence de la Tentation de saint Antoine; il a été précédé par les divers maîtres dont nous avons décrit les œuvres et il a sans doute profité de quel ques-unes de leurs inventions, mais il a dé ployé lui-même une richesse d'imagination vraiment prudigieuse. Outre le tableau du Louvre auquel nous consacrons ci-après un article spécial, il a peint sur ce sujet plus de dix compositions différentes; il y en a une au musée de l'Ermitage, deux au musée de Madrid flitbograpbiées dans le recueil publié par Madrazo), deux au muséede Dresde, une dans la collection La Caze (au Louvre), une au musée de Florence, une au musée de Ber lin, une au musée d'Amsterdam, etc. Diver ses compositions ont figuré dans les ventes de la comtesse de Verrue (1737), Pasquier (1755), de Calonne (178s), Monlribiond (1754), Morelli (1786), Patureau (1857), Snn-Donato (1868), etc. Il serait trop long de décrire les nombreuses fantaisies imaginéespar Teniers; à défaut des œuvres originales, on peut con sulter les gravures de Richard Houston, Ber nard Baron, J.-Ph. Le Bas, L. Sullivan, Van den Wyngaerde, etc. Notre Callot a gravé deux Tentations qui, pour l'abondance des détails et l'étrongeté des figures, ne le cèdent point à celtes de Teniers; nous décrivons ci-après la première composition : « Callot, qui croyait au diable, sa fût bien gardé d'en rire, a dit M. Arsène Houssaye. Il faut s'en prendre à son talent capricieux s'il a fait lo diable si espiègle. Tous les accessoires de son grand tableau nous paraîtraient moins grotesques si nous pouvions nous-mêmes croire un peu plus au diable. Toutes les allégories imaginées par Callot sont étranges, mais très-orthodoxes. L'idée de la Tentation lui vint à la lecture du Dante; il relut le grand poste italien , il al luma son imagination aux rayons lumineux et fantastiques de cet astre de poésie; enfin, il créa à son tour un poëme sur cuivre digne de l'autre poème par la fougue, la force et le délire, poème étrange qui sent bien son enfer et qui ferait peur au diable lui-même, » Le dessin original de cette estampe, que les amateurs appellent la Grande tentation, a paru h. la vente Quentin de Lorengère en 1744. L'estampe a été copiée dans le même sens par Pierre Picault, de Blois, et en con tre-partie par Pacot et par J.-C. Baur; il y en a une reproduction sur bois dans VHis toire des peintres de tontes les écoles. Des Tentations de saint Antoine ont été gravées par Adr. Collaert, Wolfgang Hamer, J. de Vivien (d'après A. van Heuvel), G. Nyts (eau-forte), B. Moncornet, A. Both, Juste Chevillet (d'après B. Beschey), Noël Cochin (d'après H. peyne et P. de Lussy), Ch.-Nic. Cochin le fils, etc. Citons aussi un tableau de Sébastien Frank, au musée de Dresde. Plusieurs artistes de notre siècle ont peint des Tentât ions de saint Antoine; il nous suf fira "de nommer : PaulDelaroche (petit tableau sur bois, payé 10,200 francs à la vente Pour talès en 1865), Aug. van den Berghe (Salon de 1839), Jules Duval Le Camus (Salon de 1844), O. Tassaert (Salon de 1849 et Exposi tion universelle de 1885), E. Bertier (Salon de 1852), Louis Gallait (gravé par Joseph Bal), Eugène Isabey (Salon de 1869), Anatole Vely (même Salon), J.-S. Vibert (Salon de 1867). Inutile de dire que ces divers auteurs, laissant de côté la fantasmagorie diabolique des anciens maîtres, ont représenté le dé mon sous les dehors vraiment tentateurs du beau sexe. C'est ainsi que Paul Delaroche a représenté le vieil ermite enlacé par cinq jeunes femmes. T. Gautier a dit à propos du tableau de Tassaert : « Les Tentations de Teniers et de Callot sont absurdes et le diable n'était guère tin de faire danser sous les yeux de l'ermite des fantaisies hideuses et dégoû tantes. Un pauvre ascète, perdu dans les so litudes de la Thébaïde", halluciné par le jeûne, brûlé tout le jour aux réverbérations d'un soleil ardent, doit en effet être tenté, lorsque tout le personnel d'un opéra satani que vient exécuter autour de lui le ballet des séductions mondaines. Malgré son crâne jaune comme une tête de mort , sa barbe grise épanchée à flots senties sur sa Bible, sou corps de squelette disséqué sous le froc par les macérations, le saint homme a besoin du secours de la croix pour ne pas se laisser séduire à ces blanches nudités que la lune glace d'argent et qui se tordent dans la va peur bleue, faisant reluire les rondeurs de leur torse, arrondissant leurs bras comme des écharpes, cambrant leurs reins souples avec des attitudes' provocatrices et voluptueuses Il rendre jalouses la Dolorés et la Peter Ca inara. Tentation de saint Antoine (LA) OU Saint Antoine tounucnio par Icb démon», célèbre estampe de Martin Schûngauer. Le second titre est beaucoup plus juste que le premier, car ce n'est pas une tentation, mais une vé ritable torture que les démons infligent au vénérable ermite. Ils l'ont transporté dans les airs, au-dessus des rochers arides où il a établi sa solitude, et ils le tiraillent en tous sens. Une horrible vieille, aux seins pendants, aux cornes de bélier et aux ailes de chauve souris, lui arrache les cheveux et lui gratte l'oreille en ricanant. Trois autres démons le menacent de leur massue; l'un a le corps velu, la barbe d'un bouc, le museau d'un singe et la crête d'un oiseau; le second a le corps d'un insecte et le bec d'un oiseau de proie et tend une langue à deux dards, comme celle d'un reptile ; le troisième a quelque res semblance avec un poisson et est pourvu d'une espèce de trompe. Une sorte do sala mandre, dont le museau est orné d'une pointe, est suspendue au bras droit de l'ermite et cher che à lui dérober sa gibecière. Quatre antres diables, armés de griffes et de cornes, sont accrochés à son manteau, Usa cordelière et se livrent aux plus affreuses contorsions; l'un d'eux a des ailes sans plumes, garnies de suçoirs. Et, au milieu de celte sarabando infernale, le bon Antoine garde une imper turbable sérénité. Cette composition , d'un caractère très fantastique et très-original, charma tellement Michel-Ange, que ce maître, dans sa jeu nesse, en coloria un exemplaire. Elle a été reproduite en contre-partie par un graveur anonyme du xvi» siècle et par Raphaël de Moy ; l'estampe de ce dernier porte cette inscription : Qui non est tentaius quid scit? « Que sait celui qui n'a pas été tenté? » Tentation de ceint Antoine (la), par Callot. Malgré l'énorme quantité île diables ef frayants, de monstres, de squelettes et de choses sans nom qui grouillent, rampent ou volent dans cette immense composition, elle est d'un aspect calme et sévère dans sa dis position. Un diable énorme se détache en noir dans le haut de la planche ; la tête en bas, le torse en perspective, il plane sur la terre entière. Ses ailes de chauve-souris se dé ploient; une lourde chaîne l'attache par sa patte d oiseau fabuleux à une roche noire qui s'étend au bord de l'encadrement; de sa gueule ouverte s'échappent des légions de diables qui s'en vont en gambadant, avec d'affreuses grimaces, se joindre aux innom brables démons et aux bêles étranges qui s'a gitent en bas. Saint Antoine est k gauche, sous une voûte en ruine, en tout sens ti raillé par un groupe d'êtres sans nom. Il y a de tout, des serpents à tête de singe, des rats a. bec d'oiseau et à carapace de tortue, des crapauds monstrueux, à masque de vieillard en lunettes et qui portent l'épée an côté; il y a même une femme, et elle est jolie, malgré se3 cornes et ses griffes. Elle montre, pour agacer le pauvre ermite , une plantureuse poitrine, des flancs souples et un visage sé duisant; mais elle se retire, désespérée d'une résistance inattendue et peu flatteuse pour elle. Deux squelettes ventrus , à carcasse de vautour, à crAne de bœuf, à hure de san glier, sont debout au premier plan sur un éclat de rocher. Ces graves personnages pa raissent prendre en grande pitié les souf frances du saint, doni ils regardent la lutte avec intérêt; l'un d'eux en est tellement oc cupé qu'il abandonne la lecture d'un vieux bouquin. Derrière ces énormes bêtes, un tou darci, qui possède une face de pore, des lu neltes et porte le mousquet à la main, guette le moment d'ajuster saint Antoine. Il sourit, en attendant, de voir devant lui le pauvre compagnon de l'ermite, le fameux cochon, courir tout affolé de l'opération bizarre que lui fait, par derrière, un diablotin facétieux. Un superbe saumon se prélasse dans une ar mure de chevalier moyen a.ge; il est monté sur deux roues attachées à ses flancs bardés de fer et porte fièrement un petit sabre de bois ; c'est à la fois un saumon, un chevalier et an canon ; un caniche à cheval sur son dos le tient par la bride, pendant qu'un artilleur met le feu derrière. A travers des tourbil lons de flamme et de fumée, le saumon-che valier-canon lance un terrible pêle-mêle de toutes les armes connues au temps d? Callot. Cette mitraille est à l'adresse de saint An toine. A gauche, du haut d'un sombre rocher une légion de soldats de l'enfer, avec ui diable noir en guise de drapeau, s'élancenc dans la mêlée; un peu plus bas, au second plan, une femme aussi jolie que la première s'assied en riant sur les dernières vertèbres d'un squelette colossal dont les côtes tou chent le sol. Deux grands animaux, qui tien nent ensemble de l'éléphant, du dindon, ae l'homme, du dromadaire, s'avancent portant TENT Bur le dos deux diables musiciens. Tout au tour, en grappes pittoresques, des démons gambadent dans le vide. Il y a dans ces grou pes innombrables une variété de mouvements et d'allures qui effraye l'imagination. Tentation de «ainl Antoine (LA), tableau de David Teniers le jeune ; musée du Louvre, n» 514. Dans une grotte le saint, vu de profil, tourné à dioite, est agenouillé, les mains jointes, devant un livre placé contre une tête de mort qui repose sur un fragment de roche , ainsi qu'un crucifix en bois, un sa blier, une cruche sur laquelle est perché un oiseau fantastique, moitié œuf, moitié poulet. Un démon, coitfé d'un chapeau où est atta chée une carotte, met sa griffe droite sur le capuchon du saint et lui présente de l'autre un verre de vin. A gauche, un animal a tête décharnée, portant une chouette sur son dos. Plus loin, une vieille femme avec des cornes lit un papier qu'elle tient à la main. Derrière elle, près d'une ouverture de la grotte, trois animaux, monstrueux. Dans la partie supé rieure, une chauve-souris volant, un poisson et d'autres bêtes hideuses sur un rocher. Par terre, au premier plan, à droite, trois livres et une séljile de bois. Signé : D. Teniers fecit. Ce sujet, déjà traité de mut ti de maître par Lucas et par P. Breughel, l'a été plusieurs fois par Teniers lui-même, et le musée seul de Madrid possède trois Tentations de lui; mais aucune n'a été traitée avec plus de verve, plus d'ingénieuse drôlerie que celle de ce maître, finement touchée comme toujours, admirablement peinte et composée. Celte toile a été gravée par Filhol. Elle faisait par tie de la collection de Louis XV11I. TENTATIVE s. f. (tan-ta-ti-ve — rad. ten ter). Action ayant pour but de faire réussir un projet : Tentative de meurtre. Faire une tentative, une tentativb inutile. De fausses tentatives peuvent nuire aux meilleurs moyens. {J.-J. Rouss.) Le complot n'est qu'une tentative de crime, souvent même un simple projet de tentative. (Guizot.) — Théo], Thèse qui constituait le premier essai de celui qui voulait être reçu bachelier en théologie : Il asouienu sa tentative. — Encycl. Jurispr. La culpabilité morale d'un homme, depuis le moment où il conçoit un crime ou un délit jusqu'à celui où il l'exé cute, passe par trots périodes bien distinctes. Dans la première période, il a l'idée du crime ou du délit; il s'arrête à cette idée et forme une résolution. Cette résolution formée, il se livre à la préparation du crime ou du délit, qui est la deuxième période. La préparation terminée, il ne reste plus que l'exécution, qui constitue la troisième période. Il peut arriver que les trois périodes ne soient pas parcou rues entièrement et que l'agent ne parvienne point à la consommation du crime, soit par un motif indépendant de sa volonté, soit qu'il abandonne son projet proprio motu. Dans l'ordre moral, la culpabilité commence à la première période-, mais suivant lus idées gé néralement reçues aujourd'hui, pour que le mal moral soit punissable, il est nécessaire qu'il soit nuisible à autrui, qu'il porte atteinte au droit soit de la so.-iété, soit des individus. Par conséquent, la culpabilité qui ne franchit point la première période ne saurait être at teinte par la loi, car elle n'est encore qu'un acte interne hors du domaine de la justice ; car la pensée ne peut d'ailleurs être contrô lée, asservie, réprimée, tant qu'aucun acte matériel ne vient la dévoiler. La tentative n'est donc punissable qu'autant qu'il y a des actes extérieurs d'exécition qui viennent la prouver. L'ancienne législation punissait la tentative •suivant la gravité des actes commis; elle admettait à cet égard une distinction entre les actes prochains et les actes éloignés. Elle punissait les actes prochains , c'est-à-dire ceux qui touchaient à l'exécution du crime, comme le crime même dans les crimes les plus graves (lèse-majesté, parracide, assas sinat) et elle appliquait la peine inférieure pour les autres crimes. Quant aux actes éloi gnés, ils n'étaient punis que d'un faible châ timent, parce que, disait-on, ils laissent tou jours espérer le repentir. Les jurisconsultes modernes admettent une autre division et ils distinguent les actes ex téiieurs'de la tentative en actes préparatoires et actes d'exécution. Les actes extérieurs préparatoires sont ceux qui sont commis afin de faciliter la réalisation d'une intention cou pable, i Ils la peuvent faire supposer, disent MAI. Chauveau et Fauslin Héhe , mais ils ne la prouvent pas, et d'ailleurs il y a encore trop de distance entre eux et l'action accom plie pour supposer que l'agent eût franchi cette distance sans s'arrêter. • Aussi ne sont ils, en thèse générale, l'objet d'aucune incri mination. « Ainsi, dit Bourguignon [Justice criminelle), l'individu trouve porteur d'un trousseau de fausses clefs ou d'instruments propres à fracturer les portes ou les meu bles n'est passible d'aucune peine, malgré la présomption qui pèse sur lui de ne s'en être muni que pour commettre un vol. » Mais lors qu'il est prouvé que le crime eût été con sommé si une cause fortuite ne l'eût inter rompu, la présomption de la -loi change, et la répression de la tentative est légitime, néces saire. • Toute tentative do crime, dit l'arti cle 2 ûu code pénal, qui aura été manifestée par un commencement d'exécution, si elle TENT n'a pas été suspendue ou si elle n'a manqué son effet que par des circonstances indépen dantes de la volonté de son auteur est consi dérée comme le crime même. « Pour devenir punissable, la tentative doit donc réunir deux caractères essentiels : l°commencement d'exécution; 2° possibilité de la part de l'auteur d'un désistement vo lontaire. Tels sont les deux éléments admis par la législation française, qui diffère nota blement en ce point des législations étran gères. En Angleterre, il n'existe point de théorie générale de la tentative. C'est ainsi que la tentative d'empoisonnemeat est un crime ca pital, tandis que la tentative de vol sans ef fraction, lorsqu'elle n'a pas abouti, n'est pas punie de la même peine que si le vol avait été consommé. Blakstone, dans ses Lois an glaises, fait connaître que celui qui tente de détruire un enfant vivant dans le ventre de sa mère est puni de mort, alors même que cet enfant n'en aurait pas souffert et que, dans le cas où il est fait usage de médecines ou autres moyens pour amener une fausse cou che, dans le cas où il n'est pas prouvé que la femme soit alors enceinte d'un enfant déjà vivant, les coupables peuvent être condam nés à l'amende, à, la prison, au pilori ou au fouet, ou à l'une ou à plusieurs de ces puni tions, ou à la déportation pendant quatorze ans au plus. D'après le code pénal d'Autriche, la loi ne peut contraindre personne à rendre compte de ses pensées, de ses projets intérieurs, tant qu'il n'a pas entrepris une action extérieure punissable. La législation prussienne déclare punissa ble, mais frappe toutefois d'une peine infé rieure à celle du crime consommé, l'individu qu'un pur accident a empêché d'accomplir le crime. En Espagne, on distingue du délit con sommé le délit manqué et la simple tenta tive; mais n'est pas considéré comme coupa ble de tentative celui qui, après un commen cement d'exécution, s'est désisté volontaire ment. Les statuts de NewYork ne punissent la tentative qu'autant qu'elle est accompagnée de quelque acte d'exécution ; la peine est alors proportionnée à la gravité du délit tenté. Si le fait tenté est puni de mort, la tentative est punie de dix ans d'emprisonne ment; si le fait tenté est passible de l'empri sonnement, la peine appliquée à la tentative est moitié inoindre. Nous allons examiner successivement les différences qui existent entre la tentative de crime, la tentative de délit et la tentative de contravention. 1» Tentative de crime. Ainsi que nous l'a vons dit, tout crime manqué, toute tentative interrompue par une cause étrangère à la volonté de son auteur est assimilée au crime même, Il résulte de ce principe qu'un indi vidu, mis en jugement comme coupable d'un certain crime, peut être jugé et condamné comme coupable de la tentative de ce crime, s'il est établi dans les débats qu'il y a eu simple ment tentative et non exécution eutière.Couime aucune loi n'a déterminé les faits qui carac térisent les tentatives, c'est aux juges qu'il appartient de les apprécier; ce soin est en tièrement abandonné à leur conscience. Tou tefois, la jurisprudence de la cour suprême a émis à ce sujet un grand nombre d'arrêts qui peuvent être considérés comme le code de la matière. Nous allons examiner quelques espèces. L'escalade, l'effraction, l'usage de fausses clefs sont-ils par eux-mêmes des actes sim plement préparatoires ou constituent-ils un commencement d'exécution? MM. Chauveau et Hélie disent : « L'escalade, l'effraction, de même que l'usage des fausses clefs, sont évi demment en dehors de l'action criminelle; ils la précèdent, ils la préparent, mais elle n'est pas encore commencée. Comment sou tenir, en effet, que l'escalade, par exemple, est un commencement de vol? Cet acte ne peut -il pas avoir pour but la perpétration d'uu tout autre crime, d'un rapt, d'un viol, d'un assassinat?... Cependant, si l'escalade était suivie d'un acte quelconque d'exécution, quelque léger qu'il fût, il est évident qu'il y aurait tentative. Ainsi, le déplacement d'uu objet, l'ouverture d'un meuble suffiraient, dans ce cas, pour constituer le crime. » Cette doctrine est contraire à la jurisprudence con stante de la cour de cassation, et elle est victorieusement réfutée par M. d'Auviiliers : « On dit, expose ce jurisconsulte, que l'usage des fausses clefs, l'escalade ou l'effraction ne constituent pas par eux seuls une tenta tive de vol parce qu'ils peuvent avoir pour but un rapt, un viol, un assassinat. Personne ne conteste cette proposition. Toutes les fois que rien ne révélera le but auquel tendent les circonstances qu'on vient de rappeler, ou lorsqu'il y aura incertitude sur leur but, ou enfin lorsque leur but reconnu ne sera pas prévu parla loi pénale, il y aura évidemment impossibilité de voir dans l'acte le commen cement d'un vol ou de tout autre crime ; mais aussi lorsque le but certain et démontré est de commettre un crime déterminé dont la consommation devait être la conséquence immédiate, que pourrait-on exiger de plus pour constituer la tentative? Il y a ordinai rement dans chaque affaire des circonstances TENT de moralité qui viennent se joindre nu fait matériel et qui lui donnent une signification positive. Nous concevrions qu'on exigeât un acte quelconque, tel que le déplacement d'un objet ou l'ouverture d'un meuble, s'il y avait des raisons de douter du but que Se proposait le prévenu. Nous ne le concevons pas lorsque les éléments de la cause lient nécessairement au crime le vol, l'escalade, l'effraction ou l'usage des fausses clefs. On ne veut point que ces circonstances puissent servir tout à la fois de circonstances aggra vantes et de commencement d'exécution. Quelle est donc la raison qui s'y oppose? L'escalade, l'effraction, etc., ne font-elles pas partie essentielle du crime? Elles peuvent sans doute en être isolées; mais, dès qu'elles y sont rattachées par des considérations mo rales qui en fixent invinciblement le carac tère, dès qu'elles présentent le criminel à l'œuvre, comment est-il possible de dire que l'exécution du crime n'est pas consommée? Vainement trouverait-on dans une espèce don née un fait intermédiaire qui n'entre pas dans l'ordre nécessaire et habituel des choses. La loi s'en est remise à la sagesse des tribunaux. Quand leur conviction reposera sur les bases que nous avons indiquées, ils n'auront pas à s'égarer. » Legraverend et Rauter estiment qu'il n'y a pas tentative punissable de la part de l'homme qui a chargé un autre de com mettre un crime, qui a manifesté sa volonté à cet égard par des actes extérieurs et n'a rien fait pour en empêcher l'exécution, si ces intentions n'ont point été remplies parce que le mandataire a refusé d'agir. L'opinion de ces criminalistes nous parait inadmissible. En effet, celui qui a charge quelqu'un de com mettre un crime et qui l'a manifesté par des actes extérieurs doit être réputé coupable et tomber sous l'application de la loi, puisque, dans l'espèce, si le crime n'a point été con sommé, ce n'est que par suite d'une circon stance indépendante de sa volonté. La cour d'Agen a déclaré (8 décembre 1849) que le fait de tirer sur une personne dans l'inten tion de lui donner ia mort avec un fusil que l'auteur de ce fait avait chargé dans ce but, mais qui avait été déchargé à son insu, con stitue une tentative d'homicide volontaire. La cour d'appel de Paris, dans un arrêt du 28 juillet 1848, a décidé que l'individu qui couche en joue une personne avec l'intention de faire feu sur elle et qui n'est arrêté que parla crainte qu'il éprouve pour sa propre personne, en voyant plusieurs fusils dirigés contre lui-même, se rend coupable de tenta tive de meurtre.
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This is the `state_pod` metricset of the Kubernetes module.
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Electrochromic Devices and Controllers
FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional axonometric view of an embodiment of an IGU 102 that includes two window panes or lites 216. In various embodiments, IGU 102 can include one, two, or more substantially transparent (e.g., at no applied voltage) lites 216 as well as a frame, 218, that supports the lites 216. For example, the IGU 102 shown in FIG. 9 is configured as a double-pane window. One or more of the lites 216 can itself be a laminate structure of two, three, or more layers or lites (e.g., shatter-resistant glass similar to automotive windshield glass). In IGU 102, at least one of the lites 216 includes an electrochromic device or stack, 220, disposed on at least one of its inner surface, 222, or outer surface, 224: for example, the inner surface 222 of the outer lite 216.
In multi-pane configurations, each adjacent set of lites 216 can have an interior volume, 226, disposed between them. Generally, each of the lites 216 and the IGU 102 as a whole are rectangular and form a rectangular solid. However, in other embodiments other shapes (e.g., circular, elliptical, triangular, curvilinear, convex, concave) may be desired. In some embodiments, the volume 226 between the lites 116 is evacuated of air. In some embodiments, the IGU 102 is hermetically-sealed. Additionally, the volume 226 can be filled (to an appropriate pressure) with one or more gases, such as argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), or xenon (Xn), for example. Filling the volume 226 with a gas such as Ar, Kr, or Xn can reduce conductive heat transfer through the IGU 102 because of the low thermal conductivity of these gases. The latter two gases also can impart improved acoustic insulation due to their increased weight.
In some embodiments, frame 218 is constructed of one or more pieces. For example, frame 218 can be constructed of one or more materials such as vinyl, PVC, aluminum (Al), steel, or fiberglass. The frame 218 may also include or hold one or more foam or other material pieces that work in conjunction with frame 218 to separate the lites 216 and to hermetically seal the volume 226 between the lites 216. For example, in a typical IGU implementation, a spacer lies between adjacent lites 216 and forms a hermetic seal with the panes in conjunction with an adhesive sealant that can be deposited between them. This is termed the primary seal, around which can be fabricated a secondary seal, typically of an additional adhesive sealant. In some such embodiments, frame 218 can be a separate structure that supports the IGU construct.
Each lite 216 includes a substantially transparent or translucent substrate, 228. Generally, substrate 228 has a first (e.g., inner) surface 222 and a second (e.g., outer) surface 224 opposite the first surface 222. In some embodiments, substrate 228 can be a glass substrate. For example, substrate 228 can be a conventional silicon oxide (SO_(x))-based glass substrate such as soda-lime glass or float glass, composed of, for example, approximately 75% silica (SiO₂) plus Na₂O, CaO, and several minor additives. However, any material having suitable optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties may be used as substrate 228. Such substrates also can include, for example, other glass materials, plastics and thermoplastics (e.g., poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polycarbonate, allyl diglycol carbonate, SAN (styrene acrylonitrile copolymer), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), polyester, polyamide), or mirror materials. If the substrate is formed from, for example, glass, then substrate 228 can be strengthened, e.g., by tempering, heating, or chemically strengthening. In other implementations, the substrate 228 is not further strengthened, e.g., the substrate is untempered.
In some embodiments, substrate 228 is a glass pane sized for residential or commercial window applications. The size of such a glass pane can vary widely depending on the needs of the residence or commercial enterprise. In some embodiments, substrate 228 can be formed of architectural glass. Architectural glass is typically used in commercial buildings, but also can be used in residential buildings, and typically, though not necessarily, separates an indoor environment from an outdoor environment. In certain embodiments, a suitable architectural glass substrate can be at least approximately 20 inches by approximately 20 inches, and can be much larger, for example, approximately 80 inches by approximately 120 inches, or larger. Architectural glass is typically at least about 2 millimeters (mm) thick and may be as thick as 6 mm or more. Of course, electrochromic devices 220 can be scalable to substrates 228 smaller or larger than architectural glass, including in any or all of the respective length, width, or thickness dimensions. In some embodiments, substrate 228 has a thickness in the range of approximately 1 mm to approximately 10 mm. In some embodiments, substrate 228 may be very thin and flexible, such as Gorilla Glass® or Willow™ Glass, each commercially available from Corning, Inc. of Corning, N.Y., these glasses may be less than 1 mm thick, as thin as 0.3 mm thick.
Electrochromic device 220 is disposed over, for example, the inner surface 222 of substrate 228 of the outer lite 216 (the pane adjacent the outside environment). In some other embodiments, such as in cooler climates or applications in which the IGUs 102 receive greater amounts of direct sunlight (e.g., perpendicular to the surface of electrochromic device 220), it may be advantageous for electrochromic device 220 to be disposed over, for example, the inner surface (the surface bordering the volume 226) of the inner pane adjacent the interior environment. In some embodiments, electrochromic device 220 includes a first conductive layer (CL) 230 (often transparent), an electrochromic layer (EC) 232, an ion conducting layer (IC) 234, a counter electrode layer (CE) 236, and a second conductive layer (CL) 238 (often transparent). Again, layers 230, 232, 234, 236, and 238 are also collectively referred to as electrochromic stack 220.
A power source 240 operable to apply an electric potential (V_(app)) to the device and produce Very across a thickness of electrochromic stack 220 and drive the transition of the electrochromic device 220 from, for example, a bleached or lighter state (e.g., a transparent, semitransparent, or translucent state) to a colored or darker state (e.g., a tinted, less transparent or less translucent state). In some other embodiments, the order of layers 230, 232, 234, 236, and 238 can be reversed or otherwise reordered or rearranged with respect to conductive layer 238.
In some embodiments, one or both of first conductive layer 230 and second conductive layer 238 is formed from an inorganic and solid material. For example, first conductive layer 230, as well as second conductive layer 238, can be made from a number of different materials, including conductive oxides, thin metallic coatings, conductive metal nitrides, and composite conductors, among other suitable materials. In some embodiments, conductive layers 230 and 238 are substantially transparent at least in the range of wavelengths where electrochromism is exhibited by the electrochromic layer 232. Transparent conductive oxides include metal oxides and metal oxides doped with one or more metals. For example, metal oxides and doped metal oxides suitable for use as first or second conductive layers 230 and 238 can include indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), doped indium oxide, tin oxide, doped tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, doped zinc oxide, ruthenium oxide, doped ruthenium oxide, among others. As indicated above, first and second conductive layers 230 and 238 are sometimes referred to as “transparent conductive oxide” (TCO) layers.
In some embodiments, commercially available substrates, such as glass substrates, already contain a transparent conductive layer coating when purchased. In some embodiments, such a product can be used for both conductive layer 238 and conductive layer 230 collectively. Examples of such glass substrates include conductive layer-coated glasses sold under the trademark TEC Glass™ by Pilkington, of Toledo, Ohio and SUNGATE™ 300 and SUNGATE™ 500 by PPG Industries of Pittsburgh, Pa. Specifically, TEC Glass™ is, for example, a glass coated with a fluorinated tin oxide conductive layer.
In some embodiments, first or second conductive layers 230 and 238 can each be deposited by physical vapor deposition processes including, for example, sputtering. In some embodiments, first and second conductive layers 230 and 238 can each have a thickness in the range of approximately 0.01 μm to approximately 1 μm. In some embodiments, it may be generally desirable for the thicknesses of the first and second conductive layers 230 and 238 as well as the thicknesses of any or all of the other layers described below to be individually uniform with respect to the given layer; that is, that the thickness of a given layer is uniform and the surfaces of the layer are smooth and substantially free of defects or other ion traps.
A primary function of the first and second conductive layers 230 and 238 is to spread an electric potential provided by a power source 240, such as a voltage or current source, over surfaces of the electrochromic stack 220 from outer surface regions of the stack to inner surface regions of the stack. As mentioned, the voltage applied to the electrochromic device experiences some Ohmic potential drop from the outer regions to the inner regions as a result of a sheet resistance of the first and second conductive layers 230 and 238. In the depicted embodiment, bus bars 242 and 244 are provided with bus bar 242 in contact with conductive layer 230 and bus bar 244 in contact with conductive layer 238 to provide electric connection between the voltage or current source 240 and the conductive layers 230 and 238. For example, bus bar 242 can be electrically coupled with a first (e.g., positive) terminal 246 of power source 240 while bus bar 244 can be electrically coupled with a second (e.g., negative) terminal 248 of power source 240.
In some embodiments, IGU 102 includes a plug-in component 250. In some embodiments, plug-in component 250 includes a first electrical input 252 (e.g., a pin, socket, or other electrical connector or conductor) that is electrically coupled with power source terminal 246 via, for example, one or more wires or other electrical connections, components, or devices. Similarly, plug-in component 250 can include a second electrical input 254 that is electrically coupled with power source terminal 248 via, for example, one or more wires or other electrical connections, components, or devices. In some embodiments, first electrical input 252 can be electrically coupled with bus bar 242, and from there with first conductive layer 230, while second electrical input 254 can be coupled with bus bar 244, and from there with second conductive layer 238. The conductive layers 230 and 238 also can be connected to power source 240 with other conventional means as well as according to other means described below with respect to a window controller. For example, as described below with reference to FIG. 10, first electrical input 252 can be connected to a first power line while second electrical input 254 can be connected to a second power line. Additionally, in some embodiments, third electrical input 256 can be coupled to a device, system, or building ground. Furthermore, in some embodiments, fourth and fifth electrical inputs/outputs 258 and 260, respectively, can be used for communication between, for example, a window controller or microcontroller and a network controller.
In some embodiments, electrochromic layer 232 is deposited or otherwise formed over first conductive layer 230. In some embodiments, electrochromic layer 232 is formed of an inorganic and solid material. In various embodiments, electrochromic layer 232 can include or be formed of one or more of a number of electrochromic materials, including electrochemically cathodic or electrochemically anodic materials. For example, metal oxides suitable for use as electrochromic layer 232 can include tungsten oxide (WO₃), molybdenum oxide (MoO₃), niobium oxide (Nb₂O₅), titanium oxide (TiO₂), copper oxide (CuO), iridium oxide (Ir₂O₃), chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃), manganese oxide (Mn₂O₃), vanadium oxide (V₂O₅), nickel oxide (Ni₂O₃), and cobalt oxide (Co₂O₃), among other materials. In some embodiments, electrochromic layer 232 can have a thickness in the range of approximately 0.05 μm to approximately 1 μm.
During operation, in response to a voltage generated across the thickness of electrochromic layer 232 by first and second conductive layers 230 and 238, electrochromic layer 232 transfers or exchanges ions to or from counter electrode layer 236 resulting in the desired optical transitions in electrochromic layer 232, and in some embodiments, also resulting in an optical transition in counter electrode layer 236. In some embodiments, the choice of appropriate electrochromic and counter electrode materials governs the relevant optical transitions.
In some embodiments, counter electrode layer 236 is formed of an inorganic and solid material. Counter electrode layer 236 can generally include one or more of a number of materials or material layers that can serve as a reservoir of ions when the electrochromic device 220 is in, for example, the transparent state. In some embodiments, counter electrode layer 236 is a second electrochromic layer of opposite polarity as electrochromic layer 232. For example, when electrochromic layer 232 is formed from an electrochemically cathodic material, counter electrode layer 236 can be formed of an electrochemically anodic material. Examples of suitable materials for the counter electrode layer 236 include nickel oxide (NiO), nickel tungsten oxide (NiWO), nickel vanadium oxide, nickel chromium oxide, nickel aluminum oxide, nickel manganese oxide, nickel magnesium oxide, chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃), manganese oxide (MnO₂), and Prussian blue. In some embodiments, counter electrode layer 236 can have a thickness in the range of approximately 0.05 μm to approximately 1 μm.
During an electrochromic transition initiated by, for example, application of an appropriate electric potential across a thickness of electrochromic stack 220, counter electrode layer 236 transfers all or a portion of the ions it holds to electrochromic layer 232, causing the optical transition in the electrochromic layer 232. In some embodiments, as for example in the case of a counter electrode layer 236 formed from NiWO, the counter electrode layer 236 also optically transitions with the loss of ions it has transferred to the electrochromic layer 232. When charge is removed from a counter electrode layer 236 made of NiWO (e.g., ions are transported from the counter electrode layer 236 to the electrochromic layer 232), the counter electrode layer 236 will transition in the opposite direction (e.g., from a transparent state to a darkened state).
In some embodiments, ion conducting layer 234 serves as a medium through which ions are transported (e.g., in the manner of an electrolyte) when the electrochromic device 220 transitions between optical states. In some embodiments, ion conducting layer 234 is highly conductive to the relevant ions for the electrochromic and the counter electrode layers 232 and 236, but also has sufficiently low electron conductivity such that negligible electron transfer occurs during normal operation. A thin ion conducting layer 234 with high ionic conductivity permits fast ion conduction and hence fast switching for high performance electrochromic devices 220. Electronic leakage current passes through layer 234 during device operation. In some embodiments, ion conducting layer 234 can have a thickness in the range of approximately 0.01 μm to approximately 1 μm.
In some embodiments, ion conducting layer 234 also is inorganic and solid. For example, ion conducting layer 234 can be formed from one or more silicates, silicon oxides, tungsten oxides, tantalum oxides, niobium oxides, and borates. The silicon oxides include silicon-aluminum-oxide. These materials also can be doped with different dopants, including lithium. Lithium-doped silicon oxides include lithium silicon-aluminum-oxide.
In some other embodiments, the electrochromic and the counter electrode layers 232 and 236 are formed immediately adjacent one another, sometimes in direct contact, without separately depositing an ion conducting layer. For example, in some embodiments, electrochromic devices having an interfacial region between first and second conductive electrode layers rather than a distinct ion conducting layer 234 can be utilized. Such devices, and methods of fabricating them, are described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/772,055 and 12/772,075, each filed 30 Apr. 2010, and in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/814,277 and 12/814,279, each filed 11 Jun. 2010, all four of which are titled ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES and name Zhongchun Wang et al. as inventors. Each of these four applications is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
In some embodiments, electrochromic device 220 also can include one or more additional layers (not shown), such as one or more passive layers. For example, passive layers used to improve certain optical properties can be included in or on electrochromic device 220. Passive layers for providing moisture or scratch resistance also can be included in electrochromic device 220. For example, the conductive layers 230 and 238 can be treated with anti-reflective or protective oxide or nitride layers. Other passive layers can serve to hermetically seal the electrochromic device 220.
Additionally, in some embodiments, one or more of the layers in electrochromic stack 220 can contain some amount of organic material. Additionally, or alternatively, in some embodiments, one or more of the layers in electrochromic stack 220 can contain some amount of liquids in one or more layers. Additionally, or alternatively, in some embodiments, solid state material can be deposited or otherwise formed by processes employing liquid components such as certain processes employing sol-gels or chemical vapor deposition.
Additionally, transitions between a bleached or transparent state and a colored or opaque state are but one example, among many, of an optical or electrochromic transition that can be implemented. Unless otherwise specified herein (including the foregoing discussion), whenever reference is made to a bleached-to-opaque transition (or to and from intermediate states in between), the corresponding device or process described encompasses other optical state transitions such as, for example, intermediate state transitions such as percent transmission (% T) to % T transitions, non-reflective to reflective transitions (or to and from intermediate states in between), bleached to colored transitions (or to and from intermediate states in between), and color to color transitions (or to and from intermediate states in between). Further, the term “bleached” may refer to an optically neutral state, for example, uncolored, transparent or translucent. Still further, unless specified otherwise herein, the “color” of an electrochromic transition is not limited to any particular wavelength or range of wavelengths.
Generally, the colorization or other optical transition of the electrochromic material in electrochromic layer 232 is caused by reversible ion insertion into the material (for example, intercalation) and a corresponding injection of charge-balancing electrons. Typically, some fraction of the ions responsible for the optical transition is irreversibly bound up in the electrochromic material. Some or all of the irreversibly bound ions can be used to compensate “blind charge” in the material. In some embodiments, suitable ions include lithium ions (Li+) and hydrogen ions (H+) (i.e., protons). In some other embodiments, however, other ions can be suitable. Intercalation of lithium ions, for example, into tungsten oxide (WO_(3-y) (0<y≤˜0.3)) causes the tungsten oxide to change from a transparent (e.g., bleached) state to a blue (e.g., colored) state.
In particular embodiments described herein, the electrochromic device 220 reversibly cycles between a transparent state and an opaque or tinted state. In some embodiments, when the device is in a transparent state, a potential is applied to the electrochromic stack 220 such that available ions in the stack reside primarily in the counter electrode layer 236. When the magnitude of the potential on the electrochromic stack 220 is reduced or its polarity reversed, ions are transported back across the ion conducting layer 234 to the electrochromic layer 232 causing the electrochromic material to transition to an opaque, tinted, or darker state. In certain embodiments, layers 232 and 236 are complementary coloring layers; that is, for example, when ions are transferred into the counter electrode layer it is not colored. Similarly, when or after the ions are transferred out of the electrochromic layer it is also not colored. But when the polarity is switched, or the potential reduced, however, and the ions are transferred from the counter electrode layer into the electrochromic layer, both the counter electrode and the electrochromic layers become colored.
In some other embodiments, when the device is in an opaque state, a potential is applied to the electrochromic stack 220 such that available ions in the stack reside primarily in the counter electrode layer 236. In such embodiments, when the magnitude of the potential on the electrochromic stack 220 is reduced or its polarity reversed, ions are transported back across the ion conducting layer 234 to the electrochromic layer 232 causing the electrochromic material to transition to a transparent or lighter state. These layers may also be complementary coloring.
The optical transition driving logic can be implemented in many different controller configurations and coupled with other control logic. Various examples of suitable controller design and operation are provided in the following patent applications, each incorporated herein by reference in its entirety: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/049,623, filed Mar. 16, 2011; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/049,756, filed Mar. 16, 2011; U.S. Pat. No. 8,213,074, filed Mar. 16, 2011; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/449,235, filed Apr. 17, 2012; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/449,248, filed Apr. 17, 2012; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/449,251, filed Apr. 17, 2012; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/326,168, filed Dec. 14, 2011. The following description and associated figures, FIGS. 9 and 10, present certain non-limiting controller design options suitable for implementing the drive profiles described herein.
In some embodiments, electrical input 252 and electrical input 254 receive, carry, or transmit complementary power signals. In some embodiments, electrical input 252 and its complement electrical input 254 can be directly connected to the bus bars 242 and 244, respectively, and on the other side, to an external power source that provides a variable DC voltage (e.g., sign and magnitude). The external power source can be a window controller (see element 114 of FIG. 10) itself, or power from a building transmitted to a window controller or otherwise coupled to electrical inputs 252 and 254. In such an embodiment, the electrical signals transmitted through electrical inputs/outputs 258 and 260 can be directly connected to a memory device to allow communication between the window controller and the memory device. Furthermore, in such an embodiment, the electrical signal input to electrical input 256 can be internally connected or coupled (within IGU 102) to either electrical input 252 or 254 or to the bus bars 242 or 244 in such a way as to enable the electrical potential of one or more of those elements to be remotely measured (sensed). This can allow the window controller to compensate for a voltage drop on the connecting wires from the window controller to the electrochromic device 220.
In some embodiments, the window controller can be immediately attached (e.g., external to the IGU 102 but inseparable by the user) or integrated within the IGU 102. For example, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/049,750 (Attorney Docket No. SLDMP008) naming Brown et al. as inventors, titled ONBOARD CONTROLLER FOR MULTISTATE WINDOWS and filed 16 Mar. 2011, incorporated by reference herein, describes in detail various embodiments of an “onboard” controller. In such an embodiment, electrical input 252 can be connected to the positive output of an external DC power source. Similarly, electrical input 254 can be connected to the negative output of the DC power source. As described below, however, electrical inputs 252 and 254 can, alternately, be connected to the outputs of an external low voltage AC power source (e.g., a typical 24 V AC transformer common to the HVAC industry). In such an embodiment, electrical inputs/outputs 258 and 260 can be connected to the communication bus between the window controller and a network controller. In this embodiment, electrical input/output 256 can be eventually (e.g., at the power source) connected with the earth ground (e.g., Protective Earth, or PE in Europe) terminal of the system.
Although the voltages plotted in FIGS. 7 and 8 may be expressed as DC voltages, in some embodiments, the voltages actually supplied by the external power source are AC voltage signals. In some other embodiments, the supplied voltage signals are converted to pulse-width modulated voltage signals. However, the voltages actually “seen” or applied to the bus bars 242 and 244 are effectively DC voltages. Typically, the voltage oscillations applied at terminals 246 and 248 are in the range of approximately 1 Hz to 1 MHz, and in particular embodiments, approximately 100 kHz. In various embodiments, the oscillations have asymmetric residence times for the darkening (e.g., tinting) and lightening (e.g., bleaching) portions of a period. For example, in some embodiments, transitioning from a first less transparent state to a second more transparent state requires more time than the reverse; that is, transitioning from the more transparent second state to the less transparent first state. As will be described below, a controller can be designed or configured to apply a driving voltage meeting these requirements.
The oscillatory applied voltage control allows the electrochromic device 220 to operate in, and transition to and from, one or more states without any necessary modification to the electrochromic device stack 220 or to the transitioning time. Rather, the window controller can be configured or designed to provide an oscillating drive voltage of appropriate wave profile, considering such factors as frequency, duty cycle, mean voltage, amplitude, among other possible suitable or appropriate factors. Additionally, such a level of control permits the transitioning to any state over the full range of optical states between the two end states. For example, an appropriately configured controller can provide a continuous range of transmissivity (% T) which can be tuned to any value between end states (e.g., opaque and bleached end states).
To drive the device to an intermediate state using the oscillatory driving voltage, a controller could simply apply the appropriate intermediate voltage. However, there can be more efficient ways to reach the intermediate optical state. This is partly because high driving voltages can be applied to reach the end states but are traditionally not applied to reach an intermediate state. One technique for increasing the rate at which the electrochromic device 220 reaches a desired intermediate state is to first apply a high voltage pulse suitable for full transition (to an end state) and then back off to the voltage of the oscillating intermediate state (just described). Stated another way, an initial low frequency single pulse (low in comparison to the frequency employed to maintain the intermediate state) of magnitude and duration chosen for the intended final state can be employed to speed the transition. After this initial pulse, a higher frequency voltage oscillation can be employed to sustain the intermediate state for as long as desired.
In some embodiments, each IGU 102 includes a component 250 that is “pluggable” or readily-removable from IGU 102 (e.g., for ease of maintenance, manufacture, or replacement). In some particular embodiments, each plug-in component 250 itself includes a window controller. That is, in some such embodiments, each electrochromic device 220 is controlled by its own respective local window controller located within plug-in component 250. In some other embodiments, the window controller is integrated with another portion of frame 218, between the glass panes in the secondary seal area, or within volume 226. In some other embodiments, the window controller can be located external to IGU 102. In various embodiments, each window controller can communicate with the IGUs 102 it controls and drives, as well as communicate to other window controllers, the network controller, BMS, or other servers, systems, or devices (e.g., sensors), via one or more wired (e.g., Ethernet) networks or wireless (e.g., WiFi) networks, for example, via wired (e.g., Ethernet) interface 263 or wireless (WiFi) interface 265. See FIG. 10. Embodiments having Ethernet or WiFi capabilities are also well-suited for use in residential homes and other smaller-scale non-commercial applications. Additionally, the communication can be direct or indirect, e.g., via an intermediate node between a master controller such as network controller 112 and the IGU 102.
FIG. 10 depicts a window controller 114, which may be deployed as, for example, component 250. In some embodiments, window controller 114 communicates with a network controller over a communication bus 262. For example, communication bus 262 can be designed according to the Controller Area Network (CAN) vehicle bus standard. In such embodiments, first electrical input 252 can be connected to a first power line 264 while second electrical input 254 can be connected to a second power line 266. In some embodiments, as described above, the power signals sent over power lines 264 and 266 are complementary; that is, collectively they represent a differential signal (e.g., a differential voltage signal). In some embodiments, line 268 is coupled to a system or building ground (e.g., an Earth Ground). In such embodiments, communication over CAN bus 262 (e.g., between microcontroller 274 and network controller 112) may proceed along first and second communication lines 270 and 272 transmitted through electrical inputs/outputs 258 and 260, respectively, according to the CANopen communication protocol or other suitable open, proprietary, or overlying communication protocol. In some embodiments, the communication signals sent over communication lines 270 and 272 are complementary; that is, collectively they represent a differential signal (e.g., a differential voltage signal).
In some embodiments, component 250 couples CAN communication bus 262 into window controller 114, and in particular embodiments, into microcontroller 274. In some such embodiments, microcontroller 274 is also configured to implement the CANopen communication protocol. Microcontroller 274 is also designed or configured (e.g., programmed) to implement one or more drive control algorithms in conjunction with pulse-width modulated amplifier or pulse-width modulator (PWM) 276, smart logic 278, and signal conditioner 280. In some embodiments, microcontroller 274 is configured to generate a command signal V_(COMMAND), e.g., in the form of a voltage signal, that is then transmitted to PWM 276. PWM 276, in turn, generates a pulse-width modulated power signal, including first (e.g., positive) component V_(PW1) and second (e.g., negative) component V_(PW2), based on V_(COMMAND). Power signals V_(PW1) and V_(PW2) are then transmitted over, for example, interface 288, to IGU 102, or more particularly, to bus bars 242 and 244 in order to cause the desired optical transitions in electrochromic device 220. In some embodiments, PWM 276 is configured to modify the duty cycle of the pulse-width modulated signals such that the durations of the pulses in signals V_(PW1) and V_(PW2) are not equal: for example, PWM 276 pulses V_(PW1) with a first 60% duty cycle and pulses V_(PW2) for a second 40% duty cycle. The duration of the first duty cycle and the duration of the second duty cycle collectively represent the duration, T_(PWM) of each power cycle. In some embodiments, PWM 276 can additionally or alternatively modify the magnitudes of the signal pulses V_(PW1) and V_(PW2).
In some embodiments, microcontroller 274 is configured to generate V_(COMMAND) based on one or more factors or signals such as, for example, any of the signals received over CAN bus 262 as well as voltage or current feedback signals, V_(FB) and I_(FB) respectively, generated by PWM 276. In some embodiments, microcontroller 274 determines current or voltage levels in the electrochromic device 220 based on feedback signals I_(FB) or V_(FB), respectively, and adjusts V_(COMMAND) according to one or more rules or algorithms to effect a change in the relative pulse durations (e.g., the relative durations of the first and second duty cycles) or amplitudes of power signals V_(PW1) and V_(PW2) to produce voltage profiles as described above. Additionally, or alternatively, microcontroller 274 can also adjust V_(COMMAND) in response to signals received from smart logic 278 or signal conditioner 280. For example, a conditioning signal V_(CON) can be generated by signal conditioner 280 in response to feedback from one or more networked or non-networked devices or sensors, such as, for example, an exterior photosensor or photodetector 282, an interior photosensor or photodetector 284, a thermal or temperature sensor 286, or a tint command signal V_(TC). For example, additional embodiments of signal conditioner 280 and V_(CON) are also described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/449,235, filed 17 Apr. 2012, and previously incorporated by reference.
In certain embodiments, V_(TC) can be an analog voltage signal between 0 V and 10 V that can be used or adjusted by users (such as residents or workers) to dynamically adjust the tint of an IGU 102 (for example, a user can use a control in a room or zone of building 104 similarly to a thermostat to finely adjust or modify a tint of the IGUs 102 in the room or zone) thereby introducing a dynamic user input into the logic within microcontroller 274 that determines V_(COMMAND). For example, when set in the 0 to 2.5 V range, V_(TC) can be used to cause a transition to a 5% T state, while when set in the 2.51 to 5 V range, V_(TC) can be used to cause a transition to a 20% T state, and similarly for other ranges such as 5.1 to 7.5 V and 7.51 to 10 V, among other range and voltage examples. In some embodiments, signal conditioner 280 receives the aforementioned signals or other signals over a communication bus or interface 290. In some embodiments, PWM 276 also generates V_(COMMAND) based on a signal V_(SMART) received from smart logic 278. In some embodiments, smart logic 278 transmits V_(SMART) over a communication bus such as, for example, an Inter-Integrated Circuit (I²C) multi-master serial single-ended computer bus. In some other embodiments, smart logic 278 communicates with memory device 292 over a 1-WIRE device communications bus system protocol (by Dallas Semiconductor Corp., of Dallas, Tex.).
In some embodiments, microcontroller 274 includes a processor, chip, card, or board, or a combination of these, which includes logic for performing one or more control functions. Power and communication functions of microcontroller 274 may be combined in a single chip, for example, a programmable logic device (PLD) chip or field programmable gate array (FPGA), or similar logic. Such integrated circuits can combine logic, control and power functions in a single programmable chip. In one embodiment, where one lite 216 has two electrochromic devices 220 (e.g., on opposite surfaces) or where IGU 102 includes two or more lites 216 that each include an electrochromic device 220, the logic can be configured to control each of the two electrochromic devices 220 independently from the other. However, in one embodiment, the function of each of the two electrochromic devices 220 is controlled in a synergistic fashion, for example, such that each device is controlled in order to complement the other. For example, the desired level of light transmission, thermal insulative effect, or other property can be controlled via a combination of states for each of the individual electrochromic devices 220. For example, one electrochromic device may be placed in a colored state while the other is used for resistive heating, for example, via a transparent electrode of the device. In another example, the optical states of the two electrochromic devices are controlled so that the combined transmissivity is a desired outcome.
In general, the logic used to control electrochromic device transitions can be designed or configured in hardware and/or software. In other words, the instructions for controlling the drive circuitry may be hard coded or provided as software. In may be said that the instructions are provided by “programming”. Such programming is understood to include logic of any form including hard coded logic in digital signal processors and other devices which have algorithms implemented as hardware. Programming is also understood to include software or firmware instructions that may be executed on a general-purpose processor. In some embodiments, instructions for controlling application of voltage to the bus bars are stored on a memory device associated with the controller or are provided over a network. Examples of suitable memory devices include semiconductor memory, magnetic memory, optical memory, and the like. The computer program code for controlling the applied voltage can be written in any conventional computer readable programming language such as assembly language, C, C++, Pascal, Fortran, and the like. Compiled object code or script is executed by the processor to perform the tasks identified in the program.
As described above, in some embodiments, microcontroller 274, or window controller 114 generally, also can have wireless capabilities, such as wireless control and powering capabilities. For example, wireless control signals, such as radio-frequency (RF) signals or infra-red (IR) signals can be used, as well as wireless communication protocols such as WiFi (mentioned above), Bluetooth, Zigbee, EnOcean, among others, to send instructions to the microcontroller 274 and for microcontroller 274 to send data out to, for example, other window controllers, a network controller 112, or directly to a BMS 111. In various embodiments, wireless communication can be used for at least one of programming or operating the electrochromic device 220, collecting data or receiving input from the electrochromic device 220 or the IGU 102 generally, collecting data or receiving input from sensors, as well as using the window controller 114 as a relay point for other wireless communications. Data collected from IGU 102 also can include count data, such as a number of times an electrochromic device 220 has been activated (cycled), an efficiency of the electrochromic device 220 over time, among other useful data or performance metrics.
The window controller 114 also can have wireless power capability. For example, window controller can have one or more wireless power receivers that receive transmissions from one or more wireless power transmitters as well as one or more wireless power transmitters that transmit power transmissions enabling window controller 114 to receive power wirelessly and to distribute power wirelessly to electrochromic device 220. Wireless power transmission includes, for example, induction, resonance induction, RF power transfer, microwave power transfer, and laser power transfer. For example, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/971,576 (Attorney Docket No. SLDMP003) naming Rozbicki as inventor, titled WIRELESS POWERED ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS and filed 17 Dec. 2010, incorporated by reference herein, describes in detail various embodiments of wireless power capabilities.
In order to achieve a desired optical transition, the pulse-width modulated power signal is generated such that the positive component V_(PW1) is supplied to, for example, bus bar 244 during the first portion of the power cycle, while the negative component V_(PW2) is supplied to, for example, bus bar 242 during the second portion of the power cycle.
In some cases, depending on the frequency (or inversely the duration) of the pulse-width modulated signals, this can result in bus bar 244 floating at substantially the fraction of the magnitude of V_(PW1) that is given by the ratio of the duration of the first duty cycle to the total duration t_(PWM) of the power cycle. Similarly, this can result in bus bar 242 floating at substantially the fraction of the magnitude of V_(PW2) that is given by the ratio of the duration of the second duty cycle to the total duration t_(PWM) of the power cycle. In this way, in some embodiments, the difference between the magnitudes of the pulse-width modulated signal components V_(PW1) and V_(PW2) is twice the effective DC voltage across terminals 246 and 248, and consequently, across electrochromic device 220. Said another way, in some embodiments, the difference between the fraction (determined by the relative duration of the first duty cycle) of V_(PW1) applied to bus bar 244 and the fraction (determined by the relative duration of the second duty cycle) of V_(PW2) applied to bus bar 242 is the effective DC voltage V_(EFF) applied to electrochromic device 220. The current IEFF through the load—electrochromic device 220—is roughly equal to the effective voltage V_(EFF) divided by the effective resistance (represented by a resistor network comprising resistor 418, 422, and 448) or impedance of the load.
| 9,835 |
https://github.com/IQ-tech/blueberry/blob/master/src/flavors/react/components/Button/Button.stories.tsx
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
blueberry
|
IQ-tech
|
TypeScript
|
Code
| 328 | 889 |
import React from "react";
import { Meta } from "@storybook/react/types-6-0";
import Button from "./index";
import {
OutlinePlus,
OutlineArrowLeftOne,
OutlineCalendar,
} from "../icons/generated/outline";
//@ts-ignore
import "core/components/Button.styl";
export default {
title: "Components/Button",
component: Button,
parameters: {
docs: {
description: {
component: "Default button component",
},
},
},
} as Meta;
const Template = (args) => <Button {...args} />;
export const Primary = Template.bind({});
Primary.args = {
children: "Primary button",
};
export const PrimaryInverted = Template.bind({});
PrimaryInverted.args = {
children: "Primary inverted button",
color: "inverted",
};
PrimaryInverted.parameters = {
backgrounds: { default: "dark" },
};
export const PrimaryDanger = Template.bind({});
PrimaryDanger.args = {
children: "Primary danger button",
color: "danger",
};
export const PrimaryDisabled = Template.bind({});
PrimaryDisabled.args = {
children: "Primary disabled button",
disabled: true,
};
export const PrimaryLoading = Template.bind({});
PrimaryLoading.args = {
children: "Primary loading button",
loading: true,
};
export const Secondary = Template.bind({});
Secondary.args = {
children: "Secondary button",
type: "secondary",
};
export const SecondaryInverted = Template.bind({});
SecondaryInverted.args = {
children: "Secondary inverted button",
type: "secondary",
color: "inverted",
};
SecondaryInverted.parameters = {
backgrounds: { default: "dark" },
};
export const SecondaryDisabled = Template.bind({});
SecondaryDisabled.args = {
children: "secondary disabled button",
type: "secondary",
disabled: true,
};
export const TextButton = Template.bind({});
TextButton.args = {
children: "Text button",
type: "text",
};
export const TextButtonInverted = Template.bind({});
TextButtonInverted.args = {
children: "Text inverted button",
type: "text",
color: "inverted",
};
TextButtonInverted.parameters = {
backgrounds: { default: "dark" },
};
export const Small = Template.bind({});
Small.args = {
children: "Small button",
size: "small",
};
export const Medium = Template.bind({});
Medium.args = {
children: "Medium button",
size: "medium",
};
export const Large = Template.bind({});
Large.args = {
children: "Large button",
size: "large",
};
const IconTemplate = (args) => <Button {...args} />;
export const IconButton = IconTemplate.bind({});
IconButton.args = {
Icon: OutlineCalendar,
children: "Icon Button",
};
export const RightIconButton = IconTemplate.bind({});
RightIconButton.args = {
Icon: OutlineArrowLeftOne,
children: "Right Icon Button",
iconRight: true,
};
export const OnlyIconButton = IconTemplate.bind({});
OnlyIconButton.args = {
Icon: OutlinePlus,
onlyIcon: true,
};
| 6,955 |
https://github.com/ScalablyTyped/Distribution/blob/master/a/ant-design__cssinjs/src/main/scala/typings/antDesignCssinjs/anon/210.scala
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,023 |
Distribution
|
ScalablyTyped
|
Scala
|
Code
| 40 | 183 |
package typings.antDesignCssinjs.anon
import typings.csstype.mod.Property.Cursor
import typings.std.NonNullable
import org.scalablytyped.runtime.StObject
import scala.scalajs.js
import scala.scalajs.js.annotation.{JSGlobalScope, JSGlobal, JSImport, JSName, JSBracketAccess}
@js.native
trait `210` extends StObject {
var value: js.UndefOr[
Cursor | (js.Array[
js.UndefOr[
js.Array[NonNullable[js.UndefOr[Cursor]]] | Cursor | NonNullable[js.UndefOr[Cursor]]
]
])
] = js.native
}
| 47,590 |
https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6-%D0%93%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD-%D0%93%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD-%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%20%28%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Вілледж-Грін-Грін-Ридж (Пенсільванія)
|
https://uk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Вілледж-Грін-Грін-Ридж (Пенсільванія)&action=history
|
Ukrainian
|
Spoken
| 250 | 743 |
Вілледж-Грін-Грін-Ридж () — переписна місцевість (CDP) в США, в окрузі Делавер штату Пенсільванія. Населення — особи (2010).
Географія
Вілледж-Грін-Грін-Ридж розташований за координатами (39.863654, -75.425754). За даними Бюро перепису населення США в 2010 році переписна місцевість мала площу 4,84 км², уся площа — суходіл.
Демографія
Згідно з переписом 2010 року, у переписній місцевості мешкали особи в домогосподарстві у складі родин. Густота населення становила 1614 осіб/км². Було 3105 помешкань (641/км²).
Расовий склад населення:
До двох чи більше рас належало 0,9 %. Частка іспаномовних становила 1,8 % від усіх жителів.
За віковим діапазоном населення розподілялося таким чином: 21,6 % — особи молодші 18 років, 60,7 % — особи у віці 18—64 років, 17,7 % — особи у віці 65 років та старші. Медіана віку мешканця становила 43,1 року. На 100 осіб жіночої статі у переписній місцевості припадало 94,9 чоловіків; на 100 жінок у віці від 18 років та старших — 92,5 чоловіків також старших 18 років.
Середній дохід на одне домашнє господарство становив долари США (медіана — ), а середній дохід на одну сім'ю — долар (медіана — ). Медіана доходів становила долари для чоловіків та доларів для жінок. За межею бідності перебувало 1,2 % осіб, у тому числі 0,0 % дітей у віці до 18 років та 2,5 % осіб у віці 65 років та старших.
Цивільне працевлаштоване населення становило осіб. Основні галузі зайнятості: освіта, охорона здоров'я та соціальна допомога — 23,8 %, роздрібна торгівля — 12,0 %, виробництво — 11,6 %.
Примітки
Джерела
Переписні місцевості Пенсільванії
Населені пункти округу Делавер (Пенсільванія)
| 12,327 |
https://github.com/dotnet/arcade/blob/master/src/Microsoft.DotNet.VersionTools/lib/src/Dependencies/BuildOutput/FileRegexPackageUpdater.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,023 |
arcade
|
dotnet
|
C#
|
Code
| 97 | 306 |
// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
namespace Microsoft.DotNet.VersionTools.Dependencies.BuildOutput
{
public class FileRegexPackageUpdater : FileRegexUpdater
{
public string PackageId { get; set; }
protected override string TryGetDesiredValue(
IEnumerable<IDependencyInfo> dependencyInfos,
out IEnumerable<IDependencyInfo> usedDependencyInfos)
{
var matchingBuildInfo = dependencyInfos
.OfType<BuildDependencyInfo>()
.FirstOrDefault(d => d.RawPackages.ContainsKey(PackageId));
if (matchingBuildInfo == null)
{
usedDependencyInfos = Enumerable.Empty<IDependencyInfo>();
Trace.TraceError($"Could not find package version information for '{PackageId}'");
return $"DEPENDENCY '{PackageId}' NOT FOUND";
}
usedDependencyInfos = new[] { matchingBuildInfo };
return matchingBuildInfo.RawPackages[PackageId];
}
}
}
| 1,332 |
https://github.com/Atomic-Reactor/Reactium-Admin-Plugins/blob/master/reactium_modules/@atomic-reactor/reactium-admin-core/registered-components/RichTextEditor/_plugins/withButton.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
Reactium-Admin-Plugins
|
Atomic-Reactor
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 92 | 220 |
import React from 'react';
import RTEPlugin from '../RTEPlugin';
import Reactium, { useHookComponent } from 'reactium-core/sdk';
const Plugin = new RTEPlugin({ type: 'button', order: 100 });
Plugin.callback = editor => {
const element = ({ text, ...props }) => {
const { Button } = useHookComponent('ReactiumUI');
return <Button {...props} children={text} />;
};
// register leaf formats
const leafs = ['button', 'submit'];
leafs.forEach(leaf => Reactium.RTE.Format.register(leaf, { element }));
// Editor overrides
const { isInline } = editor;
editor.isInline = element =>
element.type === Plugin.type ? true : isInline(element);
return editor;
};
export default Plugin;
| 11,452 |
https://github.com/otrebu/prisma/blob/master/server/prisma-rs/libs/database-inspector/src/empty_impl.rs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,020 |
prisma
|
otrebu
|
Rust
|
Code
| 31 | 70 |
// use crate::*;
// pub struct EmptyDatabaseInspectorImpl;
// impl DatabaseInspector for EmptyDatabaseInspectorImpl {
// fn introspect(&self, schema: String) -> DatabaseSchema {
// DatabaseSchema { tables: Vec::new() }
// }
// }
| 2,152 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125495604
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
جائزة أخلاقنا
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 2 | 10 |
جائزة أخلاقنا
| 12,680 |
sn83030272_1897-02-25_1_6_2
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 1,767 | 2,397 |
Paws, Feb. 12.-The events of the last few weeks, I might almost say, have done much to bring men of all shades of political feeling together. It fell that the moment has come when the fate of the country should precede every other continental ration, and that, in the deliberations of the House of Commons, the hand of the Government should be strengthened, no longer in dealing with internal questions. With this object, a proposition has been made that the leaders of the different parliamentary groups should form a regular committee, who would thus constitute an advisory committee of any Ministerial Question, to enter into relations with them, in the name of the Chamber, matters in which the national interest might be at stake. The decisions are arranged at once, and the committee, which, on the faith of its representatives, would accept that with the diplomacy required by the government, and without the delay that at the moment might be made with danger. Tho nvont rr rlntinn nf the measures pin poso.1 h) the Herman general staff for the mass-iiih- of an enormous Ui.1. of triup on the rrpuct frontier immediate!) mi an nut break of war have created an Intense henssllnn all over Franco, though, jimbahl) for prudent iul reasons, the Paris papers have giten thtm but a passing notice. The public mind is rstber preoccupied with what is occurring on the Nile and in Greek wnlor. The mail from Itussla bring new of Important prepiratlons for the provisioning and motemem of large bodies of troops ul Klmphe ropol and rieUistopol In the r'rlmea, and at ().w-ti; and in the truuM surasus military preparations hate been going on for eotuo Umo on a larre Male. Ills lore ul ttrmarkable. Yom the Srwark Sunday Call. "There wa a etrauge man here ta Bee you to day. Papa," said UtUo KuUel, who met her father in Uie hall us he came home on Wednesday night. " Kid he hut e a hill I" asked Rink. "No, papa. Ue had Just a plain cose.'' JL atOJUir TJC9ACT TOM rJUaUTAErr jpjcxsxxr. Th BistasMs CaatoUlMS - U Oanass Cat lft tt Mr. ClvvalaaC WASumorow. Fsh. . Next wk Mr. der. land will turn orer the Cuban question to Presi dent McKlnley In a rery tangled and dtplorsbl oondlUon, Cleveland's policy in the case from first to last has been thst of evasion, disguise, subserriency, pusillanimity, and diasirnulstion. He has moved out of the sight of the American people. He may have regarded but conduct a patterned after that of the Old World diplomats, but it has lacked the skill of the trained schemers, who always seek to carry the people along with them; and it has been unlike the conduct of England and France in the east of France. But once has he come out into the open, and that was when he sent his message to Congress in December last, and when he held out a foolish and impractical programme, that was acceptable neither to his own country nor yet to Spain, though it favored Spanish pretensions in Cuba. He had previously manifested his design when he cast aside the belligerency resolutions of Congress and announced public sentiment in the Spanish interest, and he had manifested it also by rendering such practical service as was desired by Spain; but not until the delivery of his message was the country made aware of the character of the negotiation with the Spanish monarchy in which he had made an effort to engage. His scheme was spurned by both of the parties at war, at also by the American Congress to which it was presented after the worthlessness of it had been demonstrated. There has been no international treatment of the Cuban question. Then he has been no sagacious or honest leadership in the part of the Administration. Arno Ticon, patriotism, and the interests interests have been... All boen disregarded. It is not often that any President has had such an opportunity for writing his name high in the nation's history as that which came to the master, who is about to leave office with a discredited record. He might have cared the United States from dangers which must confront them so long as Cuba, the "key to the Gulf of Mexico," remain in the hand of the Government of Spain. He might have given a most useful lesson to such foreign powers as may ever entertain a design of encroaching upon American rights, and might have provided for the guard, leg of the Southern seaboard for all time to come. He might have promoted the advancement of liberty, though it must admit that this is a sentimental consideration, which may be regarded as undeserving of the attention of a strong government. There was no seed that Mr. Clereland should give any cause of offense to the Madrid monarchy by his policy. There was certainly no need that he should invoke war with Spain, or get into any kind of trouble with her. All desirable end could have been gained by peaceful means. Spain is not such a fool as to strike an attitude of hostility toward a Government merely because it asserted a right which any Government may assert under international laws, and one which the Government has frequently asserted in other cases; or because this Government took effective step for the protection of its citizens in Cuba; or because this Government sought redress for wrongs suffered by individuals upon Spanish soil; or because it entered a protest against Spain's violation of the custom of civilized warfare; or because it directed indemnity for American property destroyed, or even because it recognized the belligerent rights or acknowledged the independence of Cuba. Mr. Clereland has neglected every opportunity that he might have seized without giving Spain any reason to take offense. In the case of the Island of Crete, the combined European power have adopted measures far more energetic than it has ever been necessary for this country to adopt in the case of the island of Cuba. They have not scrupled to bring both Turkey and Greece under the strong hand. The example they have not one not to be followed by the United States in any event; but it illustrates the extent to which they will carry their interference when their own interest is involved. S are a stake. The policy of Mr. Cleveland has been designed to discourage Cuba, and has given great encouragement to Spain. The Cubans say: "The American Government is against us, and would confirm the rule of Spain over us." The Spaniards say: "The American President is on our side, and help us, as for a reason, against the rebels." But most fortunately for the Cubans, it can be said that no discouragement from Washington has had any influence in breaking their great purpose or in weakening their arm. A for the Spaniards, it is to be said that all the encouragement they have received from Washington has not brought success to them in their insurgent colony. Mr. Cleveland has received praise from the Spanish monarchist such as no other President ever received from a foreign country. "The President is our faithful friend," said the Queen Regent last year. "We place perfect trust in Mr. Cleveland," are words that have often been publicly uttered by the Spanish Premier. Gen. Weyler has commended his policy as that which is dramatic for Spain, and Weyler's speech at Havana, Gen. Abumadn, but this week expressed his approval of it. The most reasonable assurance of the politicians of Spain, and the most savage of Spain's General in Cuba, are the men who most sardonicly admire Mr. Cleveland's Spanish policy. This is surely a singular circumstance in the history of the two countries. The exceeding secrecy of Cleveland's inception in the case of Cuba is inexplicable, Congress has been unable to obtain the documents in the case or to learn the nature of the correspondence that has been carried on between Madrid and Washington, or to ascertain the character of the despatches that have been sent from Havana by Gen. Lee. Under the circumstances, without the necessary documentary information and without knowing of the underground operation of the Administration or of the answering voice of Spain, it has been very difficult for Congress to adopt such measures applicable to the case as a situation has assuredly required. Its desire has been frustrated by Mr. Cleveland, who has not taken the trouble to state the reason for his conduct. There is no precedent for such a course to which, undoubtedly, Mr. Cleveland has been prompted by his self-confidence, diplomacy, and for Congress, and contempt for the nation will. A British Minister would never be permitted by Parliament to act as Mr. Cleveland has acted. It is customary for the House of Commons to obtain all necessary statements such as such matter a concern the vital interest of the country. ll is undesirable that Congress ahonld sor quently have to nsk for information m posses sion nf Uie Administration, or Uiul information aliould lw withheld under pretext that are ud worth) of the executive office. The President ought alway to lie willing to cnd lo Congre uch Information a may be needed for it gui dance; and he could well afford to send It al time while yol unasked for Mr Cleveland, how ever, likes to "meddle and muddle" w.Ui o little interference a ixwsitile from Uie ixo ple s re pi osentatit es in CongTuis. Sir. Cleveland leave an uuwricoroe legacy u his s.iocuMior iu onioe, along wiih an unenviao. record for himself. All the skli'. of Uie luoomltf President and his Secretary of Stat will h needed for the disjHiHltlnn of 11 In such a way a will he honorable and adrantagrona for In country l.t cry patriotic American musi vnas for their sui-s. Twelie American tl cnea. From tKf IUchter Jvtnitrrat and r-Arrmsnla. Tn hrs asked to name the ten American wotne who will live lou'oel In history. Fives thu aliswsri Martha TYLrhlhtrliiu. Ueteccs Itulft- j'ltv'ahoLlaf Molly Pitcher. EltzaUlt Illackwrll C itbhelb a ' Muntou, pnseiiu Alien, rius uih, 51 iiier - , Marls Mltcue'l llsrrlt't IK e hi r l, e iu ntu the liuilltt r ouirhl ti. tjatr iN'en lent, k. Miu. l Anttioii) olul ltjiHi.lHla llurr u iptil Or a. teu A " Icstlk tutl lie.er (TSJe lu IJH-ci ktl U," a till tux - Aaron llurr's Usutlful and oucomplULad dauchK. FIrkI raahlae. mm (a m, Lruu ntpvbxu. BaeenUy It wa th Trilby eras now It U ta.
| 28,364 |
sn83045487_1913-11-15_1_28_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,913 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 594 | 799 |
In the Carlisle-Harvard game, 1903, the ball, on the kickoff, was slipped under Charley Dillon's sweater, and surrounded by his mates, Dillon ran 105 yards for a touchdown, while Harvard floundered about looking for the man with the ball. Earl Sprackling, Brown captain, All-American quarter in 1909, caught the Carlisle kick-off on his 1-yard line and ran 105 yards for a touchdown. Arthur Poe, one of Princeton's greatest stars, wrenched the ball from a Yale man in 1899 and fled 100 yards for the touchdown that gave the Tigers the game. Sammy White, Princeton, was hero of the other two, which revolutionized football. In 1911, against Harvard, White grabbed a loose ball, instead of falling upon it, and ran 90 yards for a touchdown. Two weeks later, against Yale, White grabbed a fumbled ball and sprinted 60 yards. Six players, in addition to White, have made two touchdowns following runs of more than 50 yards. They are: Gustav Welch, Carlisle, 1911; 100 yards against Pennsylvania and 80 against Cornell. Walter Camp, Yale, 1878; 90 against Penn; in 1880, 60 against Penn. J. H. Sears, Harvard, 1886; 80 against Penn; in 1888, 60 against Princeton. G. O. Barclay, Lafayette, 1895; 80 against Penn; in 1888, 60 against Cornell. Jim Thorpe, Carlisle, 1908; 60 against Penn; 1911, 80 against Penn. Editor of Day Book: I am writing this for The Day Book because it's the only paper that stands strictly for the laboring class. Yesterday, while in the music department of Knox's ten-cent store, two well-dressed men lounged over the counter and began a conversation with the two salesladies. I didn't notice just what was said until I saw one lady's face turning fiery red, the other's eyes were blazing, and they moved away from the men. Then he called her back by asking for "My Boy" and "When I Dream of Old Erin." She laid them out and walked away again without a word. Then he called to her and she came back, and he tried to get her to put in a large order for both songs. Then she blazed out: "Nothing doing. I'll not boost your music after such remarks." Then these "fresh gents" tried to get a little fresher by asking for another song which their firm didn't publish, and which, by omitting part of the song title, sounded somewhat suggestive. When business firms hire such brutes as these men were there is only one resource for the public protection, and that is to turn on the limelight and let the public know the inside workings. I never saw any of these four parties before yesterday, but I do wish to say in behalf of the manager of the Marvin Lee Publishing House, Frank Clark, that it was not Frank Clark. And had Frank Clark have witnessed what we customers did there would have been some sudden changes in the Marvin Lee Pub. Co. I am not interested in any publishing house, nor do I belong to the "Knockers' Union," but I felt sorry for these two young ladies, because they acted like ladies, and will doubtless again be forced to submit to brutal remarks, and they are helpless to protect themselves in any way. I know, or at least always feel, when I see a bright young girl standing and working from dawn till dark for the pittance which State street stores pay, they must be very brave and plucky little women or they'd have given up in despair long ago. And I honor and respect them for it. Constant Reader.
| 38,128 |
https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglewood%20%28Nebraska%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Inglewood (Nebraska)
|
https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inglewood (Nebraska)&action=history
|
Min Nan Chinese
|
Spoken
| 26 | 76 |
Inglewood sī Bí-kok Nebraska chiu Dodge kūn ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu (village).
Jîn-kháu
Chit ūi tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu-sò͘ sī 325 lâng.
Nebraska ê chng-thâu
| 39,639 |
https://github.com/RobbiNespu/Rummage/blob/master/tests/test_rumcore.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
Rummage
|
RobbiNespu
|
Python
|
Code
| 2,358 | 10,897 |
"""Tests for rumcore."""
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import unittest
import os
import re
import regex
import codecs
import datetime
import tempfile
import textwrap
from backrefs import bre
from backrefs import bregex
from rummage.lib import rumcore as rc
from rummage.lib import util
from rummage.lib.util import epoch_timestamp as epoch
from rummage.lib.rumcore import text_decode as td
class TestHelperFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
"""Test helper functions."""
def test_to_ascii(self):
"""Test unicode coversion to ascii."""
unicode_string = "test"
self.assertTrue(isinstance(util.to_ascii_bytes(unicode_string), util.bstr))
def test_re_flags(self):
"""Test the re flag settings."""
if util.PY3:
default = re.ASCII
else:
default = 0
self.assertEqual(rc._re_pattern(r"test").flags, default)
self.assertEqual(rc._re_pattern(r"test", rc.MULTILINE).flags, re.MULTILINE | default)
self.assertEqual(rc._re_pattern(r"test", rc.DOTALL).flags, re.DOTALL | default)
self.assertEqual(rc._re_pattern(r"test", rc.IGNORECASE).flags, re.IGNORECASE | default)
self.assertEqual(rc._re_pattern(r"test", rc.UNICODE).flags, re.UNICODE)
self.assertEqual(rc._re_pattern(br"test", rc.UNICODE, binary=True).flags, default)
self.assertEqual(
rc._re_pattern(r"test", rc.UNICODE | rc.DOTALL | rc.IGNORECASE | rc.MULTILINE).flags,
re.UNICODE | re.DOTALL | re.IGNORECASE | re.MULTILINE
)
def test_re_literal_flags(self):
"""Test the literal re flags."""
if util.PY3:
default = re.ASCII
else:
default = 0
self.assertEqual(rc._re_literal_pattern(r"test").flags, default)
self.assertEqual(rc._re_literal_pattern(r"test", rc.IGNORECASE).flags, re.IGNORECASE | default)
self.assertEqual(
rc._re_literal_pattern(r"test", rc.UNICODE | rc.DOTALL | rc.IGNORECASE | rc.MULTILINE).flags,
re.IGNORECASE | re.UNICODE
)
def test_bre_flags(self):
"""Test the bre flag settings."""
if util.PY3:
default = re.ASCII
else:
default = 0
self.assertEqual(rc._bre_pattern(r"test").flags, default)
self.assertEqual(rc._bre_pattern(r"test", rc.MULTILINE).flags, bre.MULTILINE | default)
self.assertEqual(rc._bre_pattern(r"test", rc.DOTALL).flags, bre.DOTALL | default)
self.assertEqual(rc._bre_pattern(r"test", rc.IGNORECASE).flags, bre.IGNORECASE | default)
self.assertEqual(rc._bre_pattern(r"test", rc.UNICODE).flags, bre.UNICODE)
self.assertEqual(rc._bre_pattern(br"test", rc.UNICODE, binary=True).flags, default)
self.assertEqual(
rc._bre_pattern(r"test", rc.UNICODE | rc.DOTALL | rc.IGNORECASE | rc.MULTILINE).flags,
bre.UNICODE | bre.DOTALL | bre.IGNORECASE | bre.MULTILINE
)
def test_bre_literal_flags(self):
"""Test the literal bre flags."""
if util.PY3:
default = re.ASCII
else:
default = 0
self.assertEqual(rc._bre_literal_pattern(r"test").flags, default)
self.assertEqual(rc._bre_literal_pattern(r"test", rc.IGNORECASE).flags, bre.IGNORECASE | default)
self.assertEqual(
rc._bre_literal_pattern(r"test", rc.UNICODE | rc.DOTALL | rc.IGNORECASE | rc.MULTILINE).flags,
bre.IGNORECASE | bre.UNICODE
)
def test_regex_flags(self):
"""Test the re flag settings."""
self.assertEqual(rc._regex_pattern(r"test").flags, regex.ASCII | regex.V0)
self.assertEqual(rc._regex_pattern(r"test", rc.VERSION1).flags, regex.ASCII | regex.V1 | regex.FULLCASE)
self.assertEqual(
rc._regex_pattern(r"test", rc.FULLCASE).flags, regex.ASCII | regex.V0 | regex.FULLCASE
)
self.assertEqual(rc._regex_pattern(r"test", rc.MULTILINE).flags, regex.ASCII | regex.V0 | regex.MULTILINE)
self.assertEqual(rc._regex_pattern(r"test", rc.DOTALL).flags, regex.ASCII | regex.V0 | regex.DOTALL)
self.assertEqual(rc._regex_pattern(r"test", rc.IGNORECASE).flags, regex.ASCII | regex.V0 | regex.IGNORECASE)
self.assertEqual(rc._regex_pattern(r"test", rc.WORD).flags, regex.ASCII | regex.V0 | regex.WORD)
self.assertEqual(rc._regex_pattern(r"test", rc.POSIX).flags, regex.ASCII | regex.V0 | regex.POSIX)
self.assertEqual(rc._regex_pattern(r"test", rc.BESTMATCH).flags, regex.ASCII | regex.V0 | regex.BESTMATCH)
self.assertEqual(rc._regex_pattern(r"test", rc.ENHANCEMATCH).flags, regex.ASCII | regex.V0 | regex.ENHANCEMATCH)
self.assertEqual(rc._regex_pattern(r"test", rc.REVERSE).flags, regex.ASCII | regex.V0 | regex.REVERSE)
self.assertEqual(rc._regex_pattern(r"test", rc.UNICODE).flags, regex.UNICODE | regex.V0)
self.assertEqual(rc._regex_pattern(br"test", rc.UNICODE, binary=True).flags, regex.ASCII | regex.V0)
self.assertEqual(
rc._regex_pattern(
r"test",
rc.DOTALL | rc.IGNORECASE | rc.MULTILINE | rc.WORD |
rc.BESTMATCH | rc.ENHANCEMATCH | rc.REVERSE | rc.FULLCASE | rc.POSIX
).flags,
regex.V0 | regex.ASCII | regex.DOTALL | regex.IGNORECASE | regex.MULTILINE |
regex.WORD | regex.ENHANCEMATCH | regex.BESTMATCH | regex.REVERSE | regex.FULLCASE |
regex.POSIX
)
self.assertEqual(
rc._regex_pattern(
r"test",
rc.UNICODE | rc.DOTALL | rc.IGNORECASE | rc.MULTILINE | rc.FULLCASE |
rc.WORD | rc.BESTMATCH | rc.ENHANCEMATCH | rc.REVERSE | rc.VERSION1 | rc.POSIX
).flags,
regex.V1 | regex.UNICODE | regex.DOTALL | regex.IGNORECASE | regex.MULTILINE |
regex.WORD | regex.ENHANCEMATCH | regex.BESTMATCH | regex.REVERSE | regex.FULLCASE |
regex.POSIX
)
def test_regex_literal_flags(self):
"""Test the literal re flags."""
self.assertEqual(
rc._regex_literal_pattern(r"test").flags, regex.V0 | regex.ASCII
)
self.assertEqual(
rc._regex_literal_pattern(r"test", rc.IGNORECASE).flags, regex.V0 | regex.ASCII | regex.IGNORECASE
)
self.assertEqual(
rc._regex_literal_pattern(
r"test",
rc.UNICODE | rc.DOTALL | rc.IGNORECASE | rc.MULTILINE |
rc.WORD | rc.BESTMATCH | rc.ENHANCEMATCH | rc.REVERSE | rc.FULLCASE | rc.VERSION0
).flags,
regex.IGNORECASE | regex.V0 | regex.UNICODE | regex.FULLCASE
)
def test_bregex_flags(self):
"""Test the re flag settings."""
self.assertEqual(rc._bregex_pattern(r"test").flags, bregex.ASCII | bregex.V0)
self.assertEqual(rc._bregex_pattern(r"test", rc.VERSION1).flags, bregex.ASCII | bregex.V1 | bregex.FULLCASE)
self.assertEqual(
rc._bregex_pattern(r"test", rc.FULLCASE).flags, bregex.ASCII | bregex.V0 | bregex.FULLCASE
)
self.assertEqual(rc._bregex_pattern(r"test", rc.MULTILINE).flags, bregex.ASCII | bregex.V0 | bregex.MULTILINE)
self.assertEqual(rc._bregex_pattern(r"test", rc.DOTALL).flags, bregex.ASCII | bregex.V0 | bregex.DOTALL)
self.assertEqual(rc._bregex_pattern(r"test", rc.IGNORECASE).flags, bregex.ASCII | bregex.V0 | bregex.IGNORECASE)
self.assertEqual(rc._bregex_pattern(r"test", rc.WORD).flags, bregex.ASCII | bregex.V0 | bregex.WORD)
self.assertEqual(rc._regex_pattern(r"test", rc.POSIX).flags, regex.ASCII | regex.V0 | bregex.POSIX)
self.assertEqual(rc._bregex_pattern(r"test", rc.BESTMATCH).flags, bregex.ASCII | bregex.V0 | bregex.BESTMATCH)
self.assertEqual(
rc._bregex_pattern(r"test", rc.ENHANCEMATCH).flags, bregex.ASCII | bregex.V0 | bregex.ENHANCEMATCH
)
self.assertEqual(rc._bregex_pattern(r"test", rc.REVERSE).flags, bregex.ASCII | bregex.V0 | bregex.REVERSE)
self.assertEqual(rc._bregex_pattern(r"test", rc.UNICODE).flags, bregex.UNICODE | bregex.V0)
self.assertEqual(rc._bregex_pattern(br"test", rc.UNICODE, binary=True).flags, bregex.ASCII | bregex.V0)
self.assertEqual(
rc._bregex_pattern(
r"test",
rc.DOTALL | rc.IGNORECASE | rc.MULTILINE | rc.WORD |
rc.BESTMATCH | rc.ENHANCEMATCH | rc.REVERSE | rc.FULLCASE | rc.POSIX
).flags,
bregex.V0 | bregex.ASCII | bregex.DOTALL | bregex.IGNORECASE | bregex.MULTILINE |
bregex.WORD | bregex.ENHANCEMATCH | bregex.BESTMATCH | bregex.REVERSE | bregex.FULLCASE |
bregex.POSIX
)
self.assertEqual(
rc._bregex_pattern(
r"test",
rc.UNICODE | rc.DOTALL | rc.IGNORECASE | rc.MULTILINE | rc.FULLCASE |
rc.WORD | rc.BESTMATCH | rc.ENHANCEMATCH | rc.REVERSE | rc.VERSION1 | rc.POSIX
).flags,
bregex.V1 | bregex.UNICODE | bregex.DOTALL | bregex.IGNORECASE | bregex.MULTILINE |
bregex.WORD | bregex.ENHANCEMATCH | bregex.BESTMATCH | bregex.REVERSE | bregex.FULLCASE |
bregex.POSIX
)
def test_bregex_literal_flags(self):
"""Test the literal re flags."""
self.assertEqual(
rc._bregex_literal_pattern(r"test").flags, bregex.V0 | bregex.ASCII
)
self.assertEqual(
rc._bregex_literal_pattern(r"test", rc.IGNORECASE).flags, bregex.V0 | bregex.ASCII | bregex.IGNORECASE
)
self.assertEqual(
rc._bregex_literal_pattern(
r"test",
rc.UNICODE | rc.DOTALL | rc.IGNORECASE | rc.MULTILINE |
rc.WORD | rc.BESTMATCH | rc.ENHANCEMATCH | rc.REVERSE | rc.FULLCASE | rc.VERSION0
).flags,
bregex.IGNORECASE | bregex.V0 | bregex.UNICODE | bregex.FULLCASE
)
def test_exception(self):
"""Test retrieval of exceptions."""
try:
test = 3 + "3"
except TypeError:
test = None
error = rc.get_exception()
self.assertTrue(test is None)
self.assertTrue(error[0].startswith('TypeError'))
class TestRummageFileContent(unittest.TestCase):
"""Tests for _RummageFileContent."""
def test_string_bin(self):
"""Test passing a binary string."""
encoding = td.Encoding('bin', None)
rfc = rc._RummageFileContent("buffer", None, encoding, b'test')
with rfc as bfr:
text = bfr
self.assertEqual(rfc.encoding.encode, 'bin')
self.assertEqual(text, b'test')
def test_string_unicode(self):
"""Test passing a binary string."""
encoding = td.Encoding('unicode', None)
rfc = rc._RummageFileContent("buffer", None, encoding, 'test')
with rfc as bfr:
text = bfr
self.assertEqual(rfc.encoding.encode, 'unicode')
self.assertEqual(text, 'test')
def test_bin(self):
"""Test bin file."""
encoding = td.Encoding('bin', None)
name = "tests/encodings/binary.txt"
rfc = rc._RummageFileContent(name, os.path.getsize(name), encoding)
with rfc as f:
text = f[:]
with open(name, 'rb') as f:
text2 = f.read()
self.assertEqual(rfc.encoding.encode, 'bin')
self.assertEqual(text, text2)
def test_utf8(self):
"""Test utf-8 file."""
encoding = td.Encoding('utf-8', codecs.BOM_UTF8)
name = "tests/encodings/utf8_bom.txt"
rfc = rc._RummageFileContent(name, os.path.getsize(name), encoding)
with rfc as f:
text = f[:]
with codecs.open(name, 'r', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
text2 = f.read()
self.assertEqual(rfc.encoding.encode, 'utf-8')
self.assertEqual(text, text2)
def test_utf16(self):
"""Test utf-16 file."""
encoding = td.Encoding('utf-16-be', codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE)
name = "tests/encodings/utf16_be_bom.txt"
rfc = rc._RummageFileContent(name, os.path.getsize(name), encoding)
with rfc as f:
text = f[:]
with codecs.open(name, 'r', encoding='utf-16') as f:
text2 = f.read()
self.assertEqual(rfc.encoding.encode, 'utf-16-be')
self.assertEqual(text, text2)
def test_utf32(self):
"""Test utf-8 file."""
encoding = td.Encoding('utf-32-be', codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE)
name = "tests/encodings/utf32_be_bom.txt"
rfc = rc._RummageFileContent(name, os.path.getsize(name), encoding)
with rfc as f:
text = f[:]
with codecs.open(name, 'r', encoding='utf-32') as f:
text2 = f.read()
self.assertEqual(rfc.encoding.encode, 'utf-32-be')
self.assertEqual(text, text2)
def test_rummageexception(self):
"""Test RummageException with file."""
encoding = td.Encoding('ascii', None)
name = "tests/encodings/does_not_exist.txt"
rfc = rc._RummageFileContent(name, 10, encoding)
self.assertRaises(rc.RummageException, rfc.__enter__)
def test_bin_rummageexception(self):
"""Test RummageException with a bin file."""
encoding = td.Encoding('bin', None)
name = "tests/encodings/does_not_exist.txt"
rfc = rc._RummageFileContent(name, 10, encoding)
self.assertRaises(rc.RummageException, rfc.__enter__)
def test_wrong(self):
"""Test wrong encoding failure."""
encoding = td.Encoding('utf-32-be', codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE)
name = "tests/encodings/utf8.txt"
rfc = rc._RummageFileContent(name, os.path.getsize(name), encoding)
with rfc as f:
text = f[:]
with open(name, 'rb') as f:
text2 = f.read()
self.assertEqual(rfc.encoding.encode, 'bin')
self.assertEqual(text, text2)
class TestDirWalker(unittest.TestCase):
"""Test the _DirWalker class."""
def setUp(self):
"""Setup the tests."""
self.errors = []
self.skipped = []
self.files = []
def crawl_files(self, walker):
"""Crawl the files."""
for f in walker.run():
if hasattr(f, 'skipped') and f.skipped:
self.skipped.append(f)
elif f.error:
self.errors.append(f)
else:
self.files.append(f)
def test_non_recursive(self):
"""Test non-recursive search."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
'*.txt', False,
None, False,
False, False,
None, None, None,
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 3)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 1)
self.assertEqual(os.path.basename(self.files[0].name), 'a.txt')
def test_non_recursive_inverse(self):
"""Test non-recursive inverse search."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
'*.*|-*.file', False,
None, False,
False, False,
None, None, None,
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 2)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 2)
def test_non_recursive_inverse_backup(self):
"""Test non-recursive inverse search with backup."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
'*.*|-*.file', False,
None, False,
False, False,
None, None, None,
'rum-bak', False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 3)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 1)
def test_recursive(self):
"""Test non-recursive search."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
'*.txt', False,
None, False,
True, False,
None, None, None,
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 3)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 1)
self.assertEqual(os.path.basename(self.files[0].name), 'a.txt')
def test_recursive_hidden(self):
"""Test non-recursive search."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
'*.txt', False,
None, False,
True, True,
None, None, None,
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 4)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 2)
self.assertEqual(os.path.basename(sorted(self.files)[0].name), 'a.txt')
def test_recursive_hidden_folder_exclude(self):
"""Test non-recursive search."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
'*.txt', False,
'.hidden', False,
True, True,
None, None, None,
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 3)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 1)
self.assertEqual(os.path.basename(self.files[0].name), 'a.txt')
def test_recursive_hidden_folder_exclude_inverse(self):
"""Test non-recursive search with inverse."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
'*.txt', False,
'*|-.hidden', False,
True, True,
None, None, None,
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 4)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 2)
self.assertEqual(os.path.basename(sorted(self.files)[0].name), 'a.txt')
def test_recursive_hidden_re_folder_exclude(self):
"""Test non-recursive search."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
'*.txt', False,
r'\.hidden', True,
True, True,
None, None, None,
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 3)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 1)
self.assertEqual(os.path.basename(self.files[0].name), 'a.txt')
def test_re(self):
"""Test regex search."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
r'.*?\.txt', True,
None, False,
False, False,
None, None, None,
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(walker.regex_mode, rc.RE_MODE)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 2)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 2)
self.assertEqual(os.path.basename(sorted(self.files)[0].name), 'a.txt')
def test_bre(self):
"""Test bre search."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
r'.*?\.txt', True,
None, False,
False, False,
None, None, None,
None, False,
rc.BRE_MODE
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(walker.regex_mode, rc.BRE_MODE)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 2)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 2)
self.assertEqual(os.path.basename(sorted(self.files)[0].name), 'a.txt')
def test_regex(self):
"""Test regex search."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
r'.*?\.txt', True,
None, False,
False, False,
None, None, None,
None, False,
rc.REGEX_MODE
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(walker.regex_mode, rc.REGEX_MODE)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 2)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 2)
self.assertEqual(os.path.basename(sorted(self.files)[0].name), 'a.txt')
def test_bregex(self):
"""Test bregex search."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
r'.*?\.txt', True,
None, False,
False, False,
None, None, None,
None, False,
rc.BREGEX_MODE
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(walker.regex_mode, rc.BREGEX_MODE)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 2)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 2)
self.assertEqual(os.path.basename(sorted(self.files)[0].name), 'a.txt')
def test_bad_regular_expression_mode(self):
"""Test bad regular expression mode search."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
r'.*?\.txt', True,
None, False,
False, False,
None, None, None,
None, False,
-1
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(walker.regex_mode, rc.RE_MODE)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 2)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 2)
self.assertEqual(os.path.basename(sorted(self.files)[0].name), 'a.txt')
def test_abort(self):
"""Test aborting."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
'*.txt', False,
None, False,
True, True,
None, None, None,
None, False
)
records = 0
for f in walker.run():
records += 1
walker.kill()
self.assertEqual(records, 1)
def test_abort_early(self):
"""Test aborting early."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
'*.txt', False,
None, False,
True, True,
None, None, None,
None, False
)
walker.kill()
records = 0
for f in walker.run():
records += 1
self.assertEqual(records, 1)
def test_size_less(self):
"""Test size less than x."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
r'*.*', False,
None, False,
True, True,
("lt", 1), None, None,
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 1)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 5)
def test_size_greater(self):
"""Test size greater than x."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
r'*.*', False,
None, False,
True, True,
("gt", 1), None, None,
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 5)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 1)
def test_size_equal(self):
"""Test size equals than x."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
r'*.*', False,
None, False,
True, True,
("eq", 0), None, None,
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 1)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 5)
def test_time_modified_less(self):
"""Test modified time less than x."""
future = datetime.datetime.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=2)
date = "%02d/%02d/%04d" % (future.month, future.day, future.year)
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
r'*.*', False,
None, False,
True, True,
None, ("lt", epoch.local_time_to_epoch_timestamp(date, '00:00:00')), None,
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 6)
def test_time_modified_greater(self):
"""Test modified time greater than x."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
r'*.*', False,
None, False,
True, True,
None, ("gt", epoch.local_time_to_epoch_timestamp('07/07/1980', '00:00:00')), None,
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 6)
def test_time_created_less(self):
"""Test created time less than x."""
future = datetime.datetime.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=2)
date = "%02d/%02d/%04d" % (future.month, future.day, future.year)
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
r'*.*', False,
None, False,
True, True,
None, None, ("lt", epoch.local_time_to_epoch_timestamp(date, '00:00:00')),
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 6)
def test_time_created_greater(self):
"""Test created time greater than x."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker',
r'*.*', False,
None, False,
True, True,
None, None, ("gt", epoch.local_time_to_epoch_timestamp('07/07/1980', '00:00:00')),
None, False
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 6)
def test_backup_folder_no_backup(self):
"""Test directory search with backup disabled and folder backup."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker_folder_backup',
r'*.txt', False,
None, False,
True, True,
None, None, None,
None, True
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 2)
def test_backup_folder_with_backup(self):
"""Test directory search with backup disabled and folder backup."""
walker = rc._DirWalker(
'tests/dir_walker_folder_backup',
r'*.txt', False,
None, False,
True, True,
None, None, None,
'.rum-bak', True
)
self.crawl_files(walker)
self.assertEqual(len(self.errors), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.skipped), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(self.files), 1)
class TestFileSearch(unittest.TestCase):
"""Test file searching."""
def get_file_attr(self, name):
"""Get the file attributes."""
return rc.FileAttrRecord(
name,
os.path.getsize(name),
rc.getmtime(name),
rc.getctime(name),
False,
None
)
def test_literal_search(self):
"""Test for literal search."""
search_params = rc.Search()
search_params.add('search1', None, rc.IGNORECASE | rc.LITERAL)
file_id = 0
encoding = None
context = (0, 0)
flags = 0
backup_ext = 'rum-bak',
max_count = None
fs = rc._FileSearch(
search_params,
self.get_file_attr('tests/searches/searches_unix_ending.txt'),
file_id,
flags,
context,
encoding,
backup_ext,
max_count
)
results = [r for r in fs.run()]
print(results)
self.assertEqual(len(results), 2)
def test_literal_chain_search(self):
"""Test for literal search."""
search_params = rc.Search()
search_params.add('search1', None, rc.IGNORECASE | rc.LITERAL)
search_params.add('search2', None, rc.IGNORECASE | rc.LITERAL)
file_id = 0
encoding = None
context = (0, 0)
flags = 0
backup_ext = 'rum-bak',
max_count = None
fs = rc._FileSearch(
search_params,
self.get_file_attr('tests/searches/searches_unix_ending.txt'),
file_id,
flags,
context,
encoding,
backup_ext,
max_count
)
results = [r for r in fs.run()]
print(results)
self.assertEqual(len(results), 4)
def test_literal_chain_replace(self):
"""Test for literal search and replace."""
before = textwrap.dedent(
'''search1
search1
search2
search2
search3
search3
search1, search2, search3
'''
)
after = textwrap.dedent(
'''replace1
replace1
replace2
replace2
search3
search3
replace1, replace2, search3
'''
)
search_params = rc.Search(True)
search_params.add('search1', 'replace1', rc.IGNORECASE | rc.LITERAL)
search_params.add('search2', 'replace2', rc.IGNORECASE | rc.LITERAL)
file_id = 0
encoding = None
context = (0, 0)
flags = 0
backup_ext = 'rum-bak',
max_count = None
f = None
try:
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile('wb', delete=False) as f:
f.write(before.encode('utf-8'))
fs = rc._FileSearch(
search_params,
self.get_file_attr(f.name),
file_id,
flags,
context,
encoding,
backup_ext,
max_count
)
for result in fs.run():
if result.error is not None:
print(''.join(result.error))
with codecs.open(f.name, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
self.assertEqual(f.read(), after)
finally:
if f is not None:
os.remove(f.name)
def test_literal_binary_search(self):
"""Test for literal search."""
search_params = rc.Search()
search_params.add('search1', None, rc.IGNORECASE | rc.LITERAL)
file_id = 0
encoding = 'bin'
context = (0, 0)
flags = rc.PROCESS_BINARY
backup_ext = 'rum-bak',
max_count = None
fs = rc._FileSearch(
search_params,
self.get_file_attr('tests/searches/searches_unix_ending.txt'),
file_id,
flags,
context,
encoding,
backup_ext,
max_count
)
results = [r for r in fs.run()]
print(results)
self.assertEqual(len(results), 2)
def test_literal_chain_binary_search(self):
"""Test for literal search."""
search_params = rc.Search()
search_params.add('search1', None, rc.IGNORECASE | rc.LITERAL)
search_params.add('search2', None, rc.IGNORECASE | rc.LITERAL)
file_id = 0
encoding = 'bin'
context = (0, 0)
flags = rc.PROCESS_BINARY
backup_ext = 'rum-bak',
max_count = None
fs = rc._FileSearch(
search_params,
self.get_file_attr('tests/searches/searches_unix_ending.txt'),
file_id,
flags,
context,
encoding,
backup_ext,
max_count
)
results = [r for r in fs.run()]
print(results)
self.assertEqual(len(results), 4)
def test_literal_chain_binary_replace(self):
"""Test for literal search and replace."""
before = textwrap.dedent(
'''search1
search1
search2
search2
search3
search3
search1, search2, search3
'''
)
after = textwrap.dedent(
'''replace1
replace1
replace2
replace2
search3
search3
replace1, replace2, search3
'''
)
search_params = rc.Search(True)
search_params.add('search1', 'replace1', rc.IGNORECASE | rc.LITERAL)
search_params.add('search2', 'replace2', rc.IGNORECASE | rc.LITERAL)
file_id = 0
encoding = 'bin'
context = (0, 0)
flags = rc.PROCESS_BINARY
backup_ext = 'rum-bak',
max_count = None
f = None
try:
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile('wb', delete=False) as f:
f.write(before.encode('utf-8'))
fs = rc._FileSearch(
search_params,
self.get_file_attr(f.name),
file_id,
flags,
context,
encoding,
backup_ext,
max_count
)
for result in fs.run():
if result.error is not None:
print(''.join(result.error))
with codecs.open(f.name, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
self.assertEqual(f.read(), after)
finally:
if f is not None:
os.remove(f.name)
| 39,687 |
https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94%20%28%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
היד השחורה (קומיקס)
|
https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=היד השחורה (קומיקס)&action=history
|
Hebrew
|
Spoken
| 1,332 | 4,370 |
היד השחורה (באנגלית: Black Hand, גם: "האנד השחור") הוא דמות בדיונית של נבל-על המופיעה בחוברות הקומיקס ביקום DC קומיקס, בעיקר בגרין לנטרן. הדמות הופיעה לראשונה בחוברת "Green Lantern Vol.2 #29" מיוני 1964 ונוצרה על ידי הכותב ג'ון ברום והמאייר גיל קיין.
היד השחורה הוא האלטר אגו של ויליאם האנד (Hand, יד), והוא מופיע במהלך אירועי הלילה האפל ביותר משנים 2009–2010.
ביוגרפיה בדיונית
ויליאם האנד הוא ממציא גאון, המפתח הרגל משונה לדבר בקלישאות. משפחתו ידועה מאוד בקרב תושבי קוסטוויל (פרוור של קוסט סיטי, עיר הולדתו של האל ג'ורדן), אך הוא גדל לתעב אותה ומנסה להתרחק מהשפעתה. אחת הדרכים לעשות זאת היא לפנות לחיי פשע. לאחר מחקר מקיף, הוא הופך לפושע מיומן ומצליח להתחמק ללא הרף מהמשטרה. התנהגותו הנפשעת מחריפה והוא נוטל את זהות "היד השחורה" (בדיחה פנימית שמתייחסת למעמדו כ"כבשה שחורה" במשפחת האנד).
כהכנה לקרב בלתי נמנע עם הגרין לנטרן האל ג'ורדן, האנד ממציא את אחת מהמצאותיו החשובות ביותר. המכשיר שהוא ממציא מאפשר את ספיגת האנרגיה של טבעת הכוח הירוקה מכל חפץ בה היא נוגעת. כאשר המכשיר מתודלק באנרגיה הזו, הוא מסוגל לתפקד בדיוק כמו טבעת הכוח.
מעט לפני אירועי גרין לנטרן: לידה מחדש, המכשיר שברשותו של האנד מאתר טבעת כוח רזרבית הנמצאת אצל החץ הירוק למקרה חירום. הוא נעצר על ידי החץ הירוק והאל ג'ורדן, המשרת כגלגולו הנוכחי של הספקטר. כאשר האנד מנסה להשתמש בטבעת, קשת האמרלד מצמיד את ידו לקיר בעזרת חץ, בשעה שג'ורדן הופך את ידו לפחם, באומרו כי כעת יוכל להצדיק את שמו. האנד נמלט, כשידו הימנית חסרה והוא נדחף לכדי שיגעון מהטראומה. כשהוא שומע על תחייתו המחודשת של ג'ורדן, האנד מחליט להתגורר בקוסט סיטי מתוך מטרה להישאר קרוב אל יריבו. בעת ששהה על מטוס, הוא נחטף בידי חייזרים מסתוריים העורכים עליו ניסויים ומגבירים את כוחותיו. מאז, האנד הופיע באירועי המשבר האינסופי ונראה כשהוא צופה בקאל-L מארץ-2 ובסופרבוי פריים.
סיפור מקורו לאחר המשבר
סיפור מקורו של היד השחורה שוכתב לאחר המשבר האינסופי במיני סדרה "Green Lantern: Secret Origin", ונחקר לעומק יותר באירועי הלילה האפל ביותר.
בסיפור זה, הוריו של האנד ניהלו משרד לחוקרי מוות ובית לוויות, אשר את סמלו האנד מאמץ במהלך קריירת הפשע שלו. בצעירותו, האנד מראה סימני אובססיה למוות ולנקרופיליה, ללא כל סיבה נראית לעין. בתחילה, האנד מנסה לשלוט בדחף זה ומתעסק בפחלוץ, אך תחביב זה הופך לגורם מדאיג לאחר שהוא הורג את כלב המשפחה לצורך פחלוצו. מנקודה זו והלאה, האנד נשלח לפסיכולוגים שונים למשך שארית חייו עם משפחת האנד. הוא מבטל כל ניסיון "לרפאו", ולומד כיצד להסתיר את תאוותו המוזרה.
כחלק מסיפור הרקע של הדמות, מתקן ספיגת האנרגיות שלו נבנה כעת בידי אטרוסיטוס, אויבם של שומרי היקום ומנהיג חיל הפקחים האדומים. אטרוסיטוס מגיע לכדור הארץ כדי לחפש את הישות אשר תביא בסופו של דבר לאירועי "הלילה האפל ביותר", וישות זו מתגלה כוויליאם האנד. הוא מוצא אותו ומתקיפו, בהאמינו כי הכוח השחור שוכן בתוך גופו. הוא נעצר בידי האל ג'ורדן וסינסטרו, בשעה שקול מסתורי אומר להאנד להימלט יחד עם המכשיר. הוא נראה מאוחר יותר בחדר מתים של בית חולים, מנסה לגנוב גופה. מאבטח מוצא אתו, והאנד הורג אותו בעזרת המכשיר.
אותו קול מסתורי ששידל אותו לגנוב את המכשיר מאטרוסיטוס משתלט על הווייתו וגורם לו לשנוא את חיל הפקחים הירוקים. כקרני אור, עצם קיומם מערער את האיזון בין אפלה ומוות. האנד מחליט שעליו לכבות את אורו של כוח הרצון, אך כדי לעשות זאת עליו להתעמת מול הפקחים הירוקים בתחפושת. הוא יוצר לעצמו תלבושת משק מתים ומתחיל לקרוא לעצמו "היד השחורה". במשך השנים, האנד המשיך להתעמת עם ג'ורדן, אך הובס בכל פעם ונמלט לבית הקברות - שם מצא מנוחה ונחמה.
הלילה האפל ביותר
בשעה שהוא מובל לכלא, האנד נתקף לפתע בפרץ אנרגיה שהורג את שומריו ומקבל חזיונות של כוכב הלכת המת ריוט ושל סוללת הכוח השחורה. לאחר החזיונות, הוא נודד במדבר, כשהמוות קורא לו. הוא מורה לו להשיג בחזרה את כל הנשמות שהמוות איבד ביקום DC, בין היתר גם נשמותיהם של סופרמן והאל ג'ורדן. האנד חוזר לבית משפחתו, רוצח אותם ומתאבד. במהלך האירועים מופיעה שומרת היקום סקאר ומודיעה שקורבנו מרצה אותה והיא יוצרת את טבעת הכוח השחורה הראשונה, שמחזירה לחיים את האנד. היא מגלה לו כי הוא התגלמותו הגשמית של המוות, באותו אופן שאיון הוא התגלמות כוח הרצון, פאראלקס הוא התגלמות הפחד והטורף הוא התגלמות האהבה. האנד מכריז כי הוא ישתמש בכוחו כדי לכבות את אותו אור.
האנד מרגל אחרי ג'ורדן ופלאש בשעה שהם חולקים כבוד לקברו הלא מסומן של באטמן. לאחר שהם עוזבים, האנד מחלץ את הגופה מהקבר ומתחיל בתהליך גיוסו של גיבור העל המת:
כאשר הוא מחזיק בגולגולתו של ברוס וויין, היד השחורה אומר לכוח המסתורי שעומד מאחורי הפקחים השחורים (ושוכן בסקטור 666) שאף אחד לא נמלט מהמוות. מאוחר יותר, הוא נראה כשהפקחים השחורים האיש המוארך ואשתו סו דיבני הורגים את קרטר הול ואת קנדרה סונדרס. הוא נכנס לחדר ואומר שלא ימלטו הפעם מהמוות. שתי טבעות כוח שחורות עפות מתוך גולגולתו של באטמן ופוקדות על שני גיבורי העל המתים לקום לתחייה. הוא גם נוכח כאשר הספקטר נשלט בידי הטבעת השחורה, ושמח לאידו שכוחות הקסם של גיבורי על כמו זטאנה לא עומדים בפני עוצמתו של "אדונו".
כשרמת הכוח של הפקחים השחורים מגיעה למאה אחוזים, סוללת הכוח השחורה משגרת את עצמה אל מחוץ לקוסט סיטי, בדיוק מעל חדר המתים של משפחת האנד. האנד מביט בשביעות רצון כאשר נקרון עולה מן המתים, וטבעות כוח שחורות נוספות מגייסות את תושבי העיר שמתו בהשמדתה (באירועי דמדומי הברקת). כשבארי אלן תוקף את נקרון, היד השחורה משתמש בגולגולת של באטמן כאמצעי לרסנו ולהחלישו.
האנד מובס בסופו של דבר כאשר אור לבן של הבריאה הופך מספר פקחים שחורים לפקחים לבנים, וטבעת כוח לבנה מתחברת אליו, מחייה אותו מחדש וגורמת לו ליצור טבעות כוח לבנות מתוך גופו, לשחרר את אנטי-מוניטור ולהשמיד את צורתו הגשמית של נקרון. הוא נראה לאחרונה כשהוא בשבי שבט אינדיגו.
בחוברת "Blackest Night #2" מתוארים זכרונותיו של ויליאם האנד מתקופת ילדותו, וכן מחשבותיו הפרטיות לגבי כל אחד משבעת הצבעים שבספקטרום הרגשי.
היום הבהיר ביותר
האנד מתגלה במקום כלשהו על כדור הארץ, כשהוא לכוד בתוך פרוסליט, התגלמות החמלה של שבט אינדיגו, וחברי השבט מתקבצים סביבם.
כשהיד השחורה ואינדיגו-1, מנהיגת השבט, מתעמתים מול האל ג'ורדן, בארי אלן, סינסטרו, סיינט ווקר (מחיל הפקחים הכחולים) ולארפליז (הסוכן הכתום), האנד מסביר שטבעת הכוח הלבנה ריפאה אותו ממחלתו. הדבר גורם לכולם להבין ששבט אינדיגו אינו מסוגל להרגיש שום רגש אחר מעבר לחמלה. ג'ורדן מרמז שבהתחשב למעשיו של האנד בלילה האפל ביותר, כמה מחברי שבט אינדיגו עשו מעשים נפשעים בעברם. אף על פי ששבט אינדיגו מציע לקחת את ישויות הרגש הנותרות למשמורת, ג'ורדן מסרב להצעה באומרו שאין הוא יכול לסמוך עליהם בחיפושו אחר הישויות כשברשותם המידע החדש שרכשו. בדיוק באותו רגע, הדמות המסתורית אשר אחראית לחטיפתן של ישויות הרגש מופיעה יחד עם פאראלקס ומודיעה כי אין אפשרות להאמין לכל אלה המציגים רגשות.
כוחות ויכולות
מתקן אנרגיה
היד השחורה מחזיק במכשיר אשר מסוגל לתמרן אנרגיה מטבעות הכוח של הפקחים הירוקים. המכשיר משיג את האנרגיה על ידי ריקונה ישירות מטבעת הכוח או מהמשקעים שהטבעות משאירות מאחוריהן. אולם, כמו הטבעות, גם המכשיר צריך להתמלא מחדש באנרגיה על בסיס קבוע כדי לפעול. האנד בדרך כלל מטעין את המכשיר במהלך קרבות עם פקחים ירוקים, ומשתמש בו כדי לאתר טבעות כוח קרובות. לאחרונה נודע כי המכשיר נוצר בידי אטרוסיטוס.
הניסויים שנערכו על האנד בידי חייזרים העניקו לו את היכולת לכלות את כוח החיים של יצורים חיים כדי ליצור מחדש את ידו, שנהרסה בידי הספקטר באירועי "גרין לנטרן: לידה מחדש".
טבעת הכוח השחורה
לאחר התאבדותו, סקאר מעניקה לו את טבעת הכוח השחורה הראשונה ובכך מחזירה אותו לחיים והופכת אותו לפקח השחור הראשון. טבעת הכוח השחורה - המחפשת ללא ליאות אחר "בשר" - נטענת על ידי הריגתם של יצורים חיים והסרת לבבותיהם. כל לב ממלא עשירית אחוז מכמות הכוח של טבעות הכוח בחיל. פקחים שחורים מסוגלים גם לקרוא את רגשותיהם של יצורים חיים, אשר נראים כהילה של צבעי הספקטרום הרגשי השונים (אדום לזעם, סגול לאהבה, ירוק לכוח רצון, כחול לתקווה, אינדיגו לחמלה וצהוב לפחד).
טבעת הכוח האינדיגו
לאחר שהוחזר לחיים, האנד מומר לחבר שבט אינדיגו שטבעת הכוח שלו מסוגלת לחוש בחמלה באחרים ולאלץ חמלה באלה אשר לא קיים בהם הרגש. באופן פרדוקסלי, לאור האינדיגו יש את היכולת לרפא באמפתיה גדולה ולחשוף יצורים חיים לכאב אותם גרמו לאחרים. טבעות הכוח מסוגלות לשגר את העונדים אותן ואת אלה שבסביבתם למרחקים עצומים ביקום. יכולת זו מרוקנת את טבעת הכוח, וחברי החיל משתדלים שלא להשתמש בה לעיתים קרובות.
קישורים חיצוניים
דף הדמות, בפרויקט ויקיה של DC קומיקס
נבלי-על ב-DC קומיקס
גרין לנטרן
| 26,261 |
https://github.com/marketphase/input/blob/master/tests/Constraint/GuidValueTest.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause
| 2,021 |
input
|
marketphase
|
PHP
|
Code
| 73 | 613 |
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace Linio\Component\Input\Constraint;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
class GuidValueTest extends TestCase
{
public function testIsCheckingInvalidData(): void
{
$constraint = new GuidValue();
$this->assertFalse($constraint->validate('0dga84b2-639d-4b06-bc87-7ab5ae3f5d4f'));
$this->assertFalse($constraint->validate('0dca4b2-639d-4b06-bc87-7ab5ae3f5d4f'));
$this->assertFalse($constraint->validate('0dca84b2-19d-4b06-bc87-7ab5ae3f5d4f'));
$this->assertFalse($constraint->validate('0dca84b2-639d-406-bc87-7ab5ae3f5d4f'));
$this->assertFalse($constraint->validate('0dca84b2-639d-4b06-c87-7ab5ae3f5d4f'));
$this->assertFalse($constraint->validate('0dca84b2-639d-4b06-bc87-ab5ae3f5d4f'));
$this->assertFalse($constraint->validate(null));
$this->assertFalse($constraint->validate([]));
$this->assertFalse($constraint->validate(new \stdClass()));
}
public function testIsCheckingValidData(): void
{
$constraint = new GuidValue();
$this->assertTrue($constraint->validate('0dca84b2-639d-4b06-bc87-7ab5ae3f5d4f'));
$this->assertTrue($constraint->validate('0DCA84B2-639D-4B06-BC87-7AB5AE3F5D4F'));
}
public function testIsGettingErrorMessage(): void
{
$constraint = new GuidValue();
$this->assertFalse($constraint->validate('0dga84b2-639d-4b06-bc87-7ab5ae3f5d4f'));
$this->assertEquals('[field] Invalid GUID format', $constraint->getErrorMessage('field'));
}
public function testErrorMessageIsCustomizable(): void
{
$constraint = new GuidValue('CUSTOM!');
$this->assertSame('[field] CUSTOM!', $constraint->getErrorMessage('field'));
}
}
| 24,769 |
US-12567008-A_1
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,008 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,104 | 9,022 |
Key generation techniques
ABSTRACT
In one or more embodiments, an integrated circuit includes a programmable memory, a key generation module and a module. The programmable memory is to maintain a first key portion. The key generation module is to generate a key using the first key portion from the programmable memory and a second key portion received via a memory interface. The module is to encrypt or decrypt data using the key.
RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/939,400, filed on May 22, 2007, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The subject matter of this patent application relates to data processing.
BACKGROUND
The importance and value of secure data storage is ever increasing. For example, data may be stored that is sensitive to one or more users, such as confidential business information (e.g., business ledgers, contact lists), personally identifiable information (e.g., full legal name, social security number, birthday), financial information (e.g., banking account numbers, billing addresses), and so on. Consequently, as the value of this data increases so does the motivation for malicious parties to gain unauthorized access to this data.
Encryption and decryption techniques were developed to protect data. These techniques typically use a “key” to encrypt or decrypt data using one or more algorithms. For example, data encrypted with a particular key may then be accessed using the same key (e.g., using symmetrical encryption/decryption techniques) or a different key (e.g., using asymmetrical techniques that use a private key/public key pair).
Use of some traditional encryption techniques, however, may cause the key to be exposed, which may enable a malicious party to gain unauthorized access to the encrypted data. Additionally, as previously described, because the value of the data that is protected is ever increasing, so too is the sophistication of techniques employed by malicious parties to gain access to the data. Therefore, traditional techniques that do not address the increasing sophistication of malicious parties may result in exposure of the data.
SUMMARY
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In one or more embodiments, an integrated circuit comprises a programmable memory, a key generation module and a module. The programmable memory is to maintain a first key portion. The key generation module is to generate a key using the first key portion from the programmable memory and a second key portion received via a memory interface. The module is to encrypt or decrypt data using the key.
In one or more other embodiments, a method is performed by an integrated circuit. The method includes receiving a first key portion from a programmable memory of the integrated circuit and receiving a second key portion via a memory interface of the integrated circuit. A key is generated using the first key portion and the second key portion and data is encrypted or decrypted using the key.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The use of the same reference numbers in different instances in the description and the figures may indicate similar or identical items.
FIG. 1 is an illustration of an example operating environment that is configured to employ one or more key generation techniques.
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram that depicts a procedure in an example implementation in which an integrated circuit is manufactured and used to encrypt and/or decrypt data using a key generated by the integrated circuit.
FIG. 3 is an illustration of an example implementation of an apparatus that incorporates an integrated circuit manufactured as described in relation to FIG. 2 that employs one or more key generation techniques.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram that depicts a procedure in an example implementation in which a key is generated from first and second key portions and used to encrypt or decrypt data.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram that depicts a procedure in an example implementation in which a root key of FIG. 3 is verified upon boot-up.
FIG. 6 is an illustration of an example system in which digital signature verification is divided into two parts to discourage a warehouse attack on firmware used to implement encryption/decryption of an integrated circuit.
FIGS. 7-13 illustrate some examples of various devices that can each be implemented as a device that employs encryption/decryption techniques that leverage the previously described key generation techniques.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Overview
Encryption and decryption techniques were developed to protect data from malicious parties. For example, a hard disk drive may be configured to encrypt data using a key and a traditional encryption algorithm. In some traditional implementations, however, the key may be stored in memory (e.g., flash memory) that may be “snooped” by a malicious party. For example, in one traditional technique firmware is used to generate the key, which is then stored in flash memory that may be compromised, such as by taking apart a chip package and scanning the flash memory in an attempt to locate the key.
Techniques are described to generate a key, which may be used in conjunction with encryption and/or decryption techniques. For example, a key may be generated by hardware from two or more portions, e.g., a first key portion and a second key portion and/or additional portions. One or more of the portions (e.g., the first key portion), for instance, may be stored in programmable memory while at least one of the other portions (e.g., the second key portion) may be stored in a different memory such as a flash memory. The portions may then be combined using a key generation algorithm (e.g., implemented by a key generation module) for use by an encryption and/or decryption module. Thus, in this example a “complete” key is not stored by a system that incorporates this technique that could be scanned or read when the system is powered down, thereby preventing “snooping” of flash memory to obtain the key that was a concern using traditional techniques. A variety of other examples are also contemplated, further discussion of which may be found in relation to the following sections.
In the discussion that follows, example operating environments are described that may incorporate the key generation techniques. Example procedures are also described that may be employed in the example operating environments, as well as other environments. Thus, in instances in the discussion of the example procedures reference will be made to the example environments by way of example. Therefore, implementation of the example procedures is not limited to the example environments.
Example Operating Environment
FIG. 1 illustrates an example operating environment 100 that is configured to employ one or more key generation techniques. The illustrated operating environment 100 includes an integrated circuit 102 that has access to a first key portion 104 and one or more additional key portions such as the illustrated second key portion 106 for use by a key generation module 108 to generate a key 110. The additional key portions may be obtained from a variety of sources, such as other flash, external from a host (e.g., a smartcard), and so on.
The first key portion 104 is illustrated as being stored in programmable memory 112 that is included as a part of the integrated circuit 102. The programmable memory 112 may be configured in a variety of ways. For example, the programmable memory 112 may be configured as one-time-programmable memory that may not be changed once data is written to the memory. The first key portion 104 may be configured in a variety of ways, such as by using a serial number or other data input by a variety of entities, further discussion of which may be found in relation to FIG. 2.
The second key portion 106 is accessible by the key generation module 108 through a memory interface 114 of the integrated circuit 102. In the illustrated example operating environment 100, the key generation module 108 may receive the second key portion 106 from flash memory 116 via the memory interface 114 that is “outside” (e.g., external) of the integrated circuit 102, e.g., on another integrated circuit in a circuit package. Although flash memory 116 is described, a variety of other types of memory may also be accessed by the memory interface 114.
In the illustrated embodiment, the key generation module 108, which may be implemented via hardware, is representative of functionality to employ a key generation algorithm 118 to generate the key 110 from the first and second key portions 104, 106, respectively. The key generation algorithm 118 may be representative of a wide variety of key generation techniques, such as an “XOR” operation, one or more National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standards for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) key generation, and so on. Although the key generation module 108 of the example environment 100 of FIG. 1 is described as being implemented via hardware of the integrated circuit 102, a variety of other implementations are also contemplated such as firmware, firmware/hardware, and so on.
The key 110 generated by the key generation module 108 is illustrated in FIG. 1 as being passed to an encryption/decryption module 120. The encryption/decryption module 120, may then store the key 110, e.g., in volatile memory. For instance, the key 110 may be stored within hardware which is used to implement and/or is accessible by the encryption/decryption module 120 such that the key 110 is difficult to “snoop”, e.g., by cutting traces of flash memory as possible using traditional techniques. Thus, in this implementation the key 110 “exists” when the integrated circuit 102 is operational (e.g., “running”) and does not exist otherwise, thereby preventing snooping of the key 110 when the integrated circuit 102 is not in an operational state.
The encryption/decryption algorithm 122 of the encryption/decryption module 120 may then use the key 110 to encrypt data 124 to form encrypted data 126, decrypt encrypted data 126 to form data 124, and so on. A variety of encryption/decryption techniques may be employed, including symmetrical and/or asymmetrical techniques. Consequently, the integrated circuit 102, and more particularly the functionality of the key generation module 108 and/or the encryption/decryption module 120 may be employed by a variety of devices, such as a communication device to communicate encrypted data and/or decrypt data that was encrypted for communication; a media storage device (e.g., a hard drive) to provide secure storage of data (an example of which is further described in relation to FIG. 3), and so on.
Thus, in the example operational environment 100 of FIG. 1, portions (e.g., the first and second key portions 104, 106) used to generate the key 110 are “split” between programmable and nonvolatile memory (e.g., one-time programmable memory and flash memory 116) such that the key 110 itself is not stored in nonvolatile memory, further discussion of which may be found in relation to FIG. 3. Although the example operating environment 100 includes first and second key portions 104, 106, a variety of numbers of key portions and/or storage locations for the key portions are contemplated without departing from the scope of the techniques described herein.
Example Procedures
The following discussion describes key generation techniques that may be implemented utilizing the previously described systems and devices, as well as other systems and devices. Aspects of each of the procedures may be implemented in hardware, firmware, or software, or a combination thereof. The procedures are shown as a set of blocks that specify operations performed by one or more devices or users and are not necessarily limited to the orders shown for performing the operations by the respective blocks.
FIG. 2 depicts a procedure 200 in an example implementation in which the integrated circuit 102 of FIG. 1 is manufactured and used to encrypt and/or decrypt data using a key generated by the integrated circuit 102. An integrated circuit is manufactured that has an encryption/decryption module 120 (e.g., configured in firmware and/or hardware) that is to encrypt or decrypt data using a key 110, a programmable memory 112 to store a first key portion 104, a memory interface 114 to receive a second key portion 106 and a key generation module 108 to generate the key 110 from the first key portion 104 and the second key portion 106 (block 202).
The programmable memory is then programmed with the first key portion (block 204), which may be performed in a variety of ways. For example, the first key portion 104 may correspond to a serial number of the integrated circuit 102 and may therefore be input at the time of manufacture of the integrated circuit 102.
In another example, the first key portion 104 may be input by a manufacturer of an apparatus that incorporates the integrated circuit 102, such as a communication device manufacturer, storage device manufacturer, and so on, an example of which is shown in FIG. 3. Thus, in this example the first key portion 104 is kept secret from a manufacturer of the integrated circuit 102.
In a further example, the first key portion 104 may be input by a user, such as through a user interface presented by a device that incorporates the integrated circuit 102. In this example, the first key portion 104 may therefore be kept secret from the integrated circuit manufacturer and the device manufacturer. A variety of other examples are also contemplated.
In the illustrated and described embodiment, a key 110 is generated using the first and second key portions (block 206). For example, the key 110 may be generated using a variety of techniques, such as through an XOR operation, use of one or more AES key generation algorithms, user of one or more NIST approved deterministic random number generation techniques that takes in the key portions as input key material to generate the key, and so on, further discussion of which may be found in relation to FIG. 3.
Data 124 is encrypted by the integrated circuit 102 using the encryption/decryption module 120 without exposing the key 110 to access outside of the integrated circuit (block 208). Likewise, data received by the integrated circuit may be decrypted using the encryption/decryption module 120 without exposing the key 110 to access outside of the integrated circuit (block 210). The key generation module 108, for instance, may be isolated from access outside of the integrated circuit 102, e.g., by lack of ports or other communication interfaces that may be used to directly access and/or modify the key generation module 108. Further, the key 110 may be stored in volatile memory of the encryption/decryption module 120 (e.g., within RAM that forms a part of the encryption/decryption module 120) such that the key 110 is not accessible when the encryption/decryption module 120 and/or the integrated circuit is off. A variety of other techniques may also be employed to prevent external access without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
Implementation Examples
FIG. 3 illustrates an example implementation of an apparatus 300 that incorporates an integrated circuit 302 manufactured as described in relation to FIG. 2 that employs one or more key generation techniques. The integrated circuit 302 is illustrated as incorporated within an integrated circuit package 304 that is used by a media drive 306 to provide encryption and decryption.
The integrated circuit 302 is configured to utilize a root key 308 to decrypt security parameters 310 stored in media 312 of the media drive 306. The integrated circuit 302 in the illustrated instance utilizes a firmware Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) engine 314 with the root key 308 to derive data encryption keys 316 that are illustrated as being stored in volatile memory 318. For example, the root key 308 may be implemented as a cipher key that is used for encrypting each of the security parameters 310 of the media drive 306. In accordance with an NIST Standard for AES Key Wrapping, the root key 308 may be configured as a Key-Encryption-Key (KEK) which is used to encrypt data encryption keys 316, which are illustrated as stored in volatile memory 318. The data encryption keys 316 may be used for a variety of purposes, such as to encrypt user data in different Logical Block Address (LBA) ranges of the media 312.
A partial root key 320 is illustrated as stored in non-volatile flash memory 322 (e.g., an information page of the flash memory 322), which may be “stacked above” the integrated circuit 302 (e.g., when configured as a system-on-chip (SoC)) of the integrated circuit package 304. In the illustrated implementation, a security parameters address 324 is also stored in the flash memory 322 to locate the security parameters 310 in the media 312. In another implementation, however, the security parameters 310 may also be stored in the flash memory 322.
In this particular example, the integrated circuit 302 also includes a one-time programmable memory 326 that includes a serial number 328 (e.g., a serial number of the integrated circuit 302, integrated circuit package 304 and/or media drive 306) that is used in combination with the partial root key 320 to derive the root key 308, further discussion of which may be found in relation to the following figure.
FIG. 4 depicts a procedure 400 in an example implementation in which a key is generated from first and second key portions and used to encrypt or decrypt data. A first key portion is received from a programmable memory of an integrated circuit (block 402) and a second key portion is received at the integrated circuit (block 404). Continuing with the example of FIG. 3, the partial root key 320 may be received from flash memory 322 included in the integrated circuit package 304, and thus in this example the partial root key 320 corresponds to the second key portion.
The serial number 328 in this example corresponds to the first key portion, and may be configured in a variety of ways. The serial number 328, for example, may be received from one-time programmable memory 326 of the integrated circuit. The serial number 328 may be a logical grouping of bits that are stored using one or more registers of the one-time programmable memory 326. Thus, once the bits of the serial number 328 are set in the one-time programmable memory 326, the bits cannot be modified, thus “fixing” the serial number 328 for the life of the integrated circuit 302.
A key is generated using the first key portion and the second key portion (block 406). Continuing with the previous example, the root key 308 is a cipher key used to encrypt and decrypt security parameters 310. The partial root key 302 is combined with the serial number 328 to recover the root key 308 by a key derivation function 330, such as through an XOR operation, NIST approved key derivation function, and so on.
Once the root key 308 is generated, which is a key-encryption-key (KEK) in this example, the root key 308 is loaded into the firmware AES engine 314 to decrypt or encrypt data using the key (block 408). For example, the firmware AES engine 314 may use the root key 308 to perform key unwrapping by first locating the security parameters address 324 in the flash memory 322. This address may then be used by the AES engine 314 (e.g., in firmware and/or hardware) to load the security parameters 310 from the media 312, which may then be decrypted into data encryption keys 316. The data encryption keys 316, for instance, may be configured as one or more security parameter tables (including a table of encryption keys for different LBA ranges) that are stored in the volatile memory 318.
Thus, in this example, the partial root key 320 is stored in flash memory 322 such that even if a malicious party successfully “decaps” the integrated circuit package 304 to access the flash memory 322, just the partial root key 320 and the security parameters address 324 may be recovered. The malicious party, however, is not able to retrieve the serial number 328 from the one-time programmable memory 326 and therefore is not able to decrypt (e.g., unwrap) the security parameters 310. In an implementation, the serial number 328 is readable by firmware of the integrated circuit 302 (e.g., firmware used to implement the key generation module 108), but the firmware is secured by one-time-programmable lockout of each access port of the integrated circuit 302, e.g., which configured as a system-on-chip (SoC). Similarly, the data encryption keys 316 are further protected within the integrated circuit 302 (e.g., a SoC) due to the volatile nature of the memory 318, e.g., erasure of the data encryption keys 316 through hard resets or power cycles. A variety of other examples are also contemplated, such as by disabling debug ports of the integrated circuit 302.
FIG. 5 depicts a procedure 500 in an example implementation in which the root key 308 of FIG. 3 is verified upon boot-up of the integrated circuit 302. During manufacture of the media drive 306 and/or integrated circuit 302, functionality may be implemented to help ensure future validity of the root key 308. For example, the partial root key 320 stored on the flash memory 322 may include a plurality of bits (e.g., 128 bits) that are randomly generated during manufacture, and may be input at the same time as the serial number 328. A hash value of the partial root key 320 (e.g., using SHA-256) may then be computed and encrypted by the root key 308 and stored on the media 312 of the media drive 306. This hash value may then be used for integrity checking of the particular root key 320 in future boot processes, further discussion of which may be found in relation to the following blocks. Alternatively, the hash value may also be written to a one-time-programmable register and the integrity of the partial root key in the flash is checked (using this stored hash value) prior to key generation.
The serial number 328 in the one-time programmable memory 326 may be configured in a variety of ways as previously described in relation to FIG. 2, such as by being burned during a manufacturing phase of the integrated circuit 302. This may be beneficial in that the serial number 328 may be considered a random string (e.g., 128 bits) that is generated within a system-on-chip (SoC), knowledge of which is not provided to a device manufacturer (e.g., media drive 306 manufacturer) or even SoC manufacturer. Thus, the serial number may provide a one-time pad for encryption purposes. A variety of other techniques may also be performed, such as through use of a 32 bit serial number that may be “XORed” to the partial root key 320, a NIST approved key derivation function using a concatenated serial number 328 and the partial root key 320 to derive the root key 308, and so on.
During a boot process, a partial root key is loaded and a hash value is computed of the root key (block 502), such as by using a SHA-256 hashing algorithm. A serial number 328 is loaded and combined with the partial root key 320 to derive the root key 308 (block 504). The root key is then used by the encryption/decryption module 120 to encrypt the hash value (block 506).
The encrypted hash value is then compared with a value stored in media to determine validity (block 508), such as the encrypted hash value that was stored as previously described. When the encrypted hash value is not valid, the root key is not valid, therefore the boot-up process is terminated and an error code is sent to a host (block 510). When the encrypted hash value is valid, the root key 308 is used to decrypt security parameters 310 (block 512) as previously described in relation to FIGS. 3 and 4.
FIG. 6 depicts a system 600 in an example implementation in which digital signature verification is performed to discourage a warehouse attack on firmware used to implement encryption/decryption of the integrated circuit 102. Reliance on firmware to perform cryptographic tasks may open up a security vulnerability of a warehouse attack, in which malicious firmware that is installed may be configured to bypass verification as described in relation to FIG. 5.
The system 600 depicts a technique that may be employed to foil such an attack, in which digital signature verification is divided into two parts. A first part, firmware cryptographic library 602, includes a firmware component that loads an incoming digital signature, hashes an incoming message contained in the signature, and performs encryption using an asymmetric algorithm, e.g., RSA. A second part, hardware comparator 604, includes hardware that performs a comparison of the encrypted hashed message with the stored value.
In the illustrated example, the hardware comparator 604 controls a bit register that determines whether AES round keys 606 are accessible (e.g., visible) to an AES hardware engine 608, e.g., through use of a switch 610. In an implementation, this bit register is not accessible by firmware and is controlled by the hardware comparator 604 alone.
If malicious firmware attempts to bypass authentication, the AES round keys 606 are not made available to the AES hardware engine 608. Instead, there may be a default set of rounds keys that are made accessible to the AES hardware engine 608. Therefore, in such an instance data that is output is decrypted with the “wrong” keys thus providing useless data.
In another implementation, the AES hardware engine 608 may be stalled by refusing access to the correct AES round keys 606, and an error message is sent back to a host to request another round of authentication. If this repeats for more than a certain number of times, a tamper-resistant response may be activated by “zeroing out” each key and sending a message to the host. The message may request that the device (e.g., the media drive 306) be brought into the manufacturer for failure analysis and/or reloading of firmware.
FIGS. 7-13 illustrate some examples of various devices that can each be implemented as any form of a device to implement various embodiments of the previously described key generation techniques. For example, any of the various devices can be implemented as a device that uses encryption and/or decryption using the generated key. The techniques may be employed within signal processing and/or control functionality of the devices, examples of which are as follows.
FIG. 7 illustrates an example device that may be embodied as a digital versatile disc (DVD) drive 700, which includes signal processing and/or control circuit(s) generally identified at 702. The DVD drive 700 can also include an optical storage media 704, mass data storage 706, and/or a memory 708, such as random access memory (RAM), a low-latency nonvolatile memory such as flash memory, read only memory (ROM), and/or other suitable electronic data storage. The mass data storage 706 can store data in a nonvolatile manner, and may include a hard disk drive (HDD) (or media drive) such as described with reference to FIG. 3, which may be a mini HDD that includes one or more platters having a diameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8 inches.
In various implementations, the signal processing and/or control circuit(s) 702 can be implemented to process data (e.g., any of encoding, decoding, encryption, and/or decryption), perform data calculations, format data, and/or any other signal processing functions associated with a DVD drive. The data can be written to and/or read from at least the optical storage media 704 and/or the memory 708. In addition, the DVD drive 700 can communicate with an output device (not shown) such as a computer, television, and/or other devices via one or more wired or wireless communication links 710. Data communicated by the device, whether internally or externally, may be encrypted and/or decrypted using the previously described techniques as represented by the signal processing and/or control 702.
FIG. 8 illustrates an example device that may be embodied as a high definition television (HDTV) 800, which includes signal processing and/or control circuit(s) generally identified at 802. The HDTV 800 can also include mass data storage 804 and/or a memory 806, such as random access memory (RAM), a low-latency nonvolatile memory such as flash memory, read only memory (ROM), and/or other suitable electronic data storage. The mass data storage 804 can store data in a nonvolatile manner, and may include an optical storage media as described with reference to FIG. 7, and/or a media drive such as described with reference to FIG. 3, which may be a mini HDD that includes one or more platters having a diameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8 inches.
In various implementations, the signal processing and/or control circuit(s) 802 can be implemented to process data (e.g., any of encoding, decoding, encryption, and/or decryption), perform data calculations, format data, and/or any other signal processing functions associated with an HDTV. The data can be output to and/or received from at least the memory 806. In addition, the HDTV 800 includes a wireless local area network (WLAN) interface 808 via which input signals can be received in either a wired or wireless format. HDTV output signals can be generated for a display 810. Data communicated by the device, whether internally or externally, may be encrypted and/or decrypted using the previously described techniques as represented by the signal processing and/or control 802.
FIG. 9 illustrates an example device that may be embodied as a vehicle 900, which includes a powertrain control system 902 and, optionally, additional vehicle control system(s) 904. The powertrain control system 902 can receive data inputs from one or more sensors 906 such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, rotational sensors, airflow sensors, and/or any other suitable sensors. The powertrain control system 902 can receive the data inputs and generate one or more output control signals 908, such as engine operating parameters, transmission operating parameters, braking parameters, and/or other control signals.
Additional control system(s) 904 may likewise receive data signals from one or more input sensors 910 and/or generate output control signals 912 to one or more output devices. In various implementations, a control system 904 may be part of an anti-lock braking system (ABS), a navigation system, a telematics system, a vehicle telematics system, a lane departure system, an adaptive cruise control system, and/or a vehicle entertainment system such as a stereo, DVD, compact disc, and the like.
The vehicle 900 can also include mass data storage 914 and/or a memory 916, such as random access memory (RAM), a low-latency nonvolatile memory such as flash memory, read only memory (ROM), and/or other suitable electronic data storage. The mass data storage 914 can store data in a nonvolatile manner, and may include an optical storage media as described with reference to FIG. 7, and/or a media drive such as described with reference to FIG. 3, which may be a mini HDD that includes one or more platters having a diameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8 inches. In addition, vehicle 900 includes a wireless local area network (WLAN) interface 918 via which input signals can be received in either a wired or wireless format. The powertrain control system 902 also may support connections with a WLAN via the WLAN interface 918. Data communicated by the device, whether internally or externally, may be encrypted and/or decrypted using the previously described techniques as represented by the signal processing and/or control 902.
FIG. 10 illustrates an example device that may be embodied as a television set-top box 1000, which includes signal processing and/or control circuit(s) generally identified at 1002. The set-top box 1000 can also include mass data storage 1004 and/or a memory 1006, such as random access memory (RAM), a low-latency nonvolatile memory such as flash memory, read only memory (ROM), and/or other suitable electronic data storage. The mass data storage 1004 can store data in a nonvolatile manner, and may include an optical storage media as described with reference to FIG. 7, and/or a media drive such as described with reference to FIG. 3, which may be a mini HDD that includes one or more platters having a diameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8 inches.
The set top box 1000 can receive data signals from a source 1008, such as a broadband source, and can then output standard and/or high definition audio/video signals suitable for a display 1010, such as a television, monitor, and/or other video and/or audio output devices. In various implementations, the signal processing and/or control circuit(s) 1002 can be implemented to process data (e.g., any of encoding, decoding, encryption, and/or decryption), perform data calculations, format data, and/or any other signal processing functions associated with a television set-top box. The data can be output to and/or received from at least the memory 1006 and/or the source 1008. In addition, the set-top box 1000 includes a wireless local area network (WLAN) interface 1012 via which input signals can be received in either a wired or wireless format. The set-top box 1000 may also support connections with a WLAN via the WLAN interface 1012. Data communicated by the device, whether internally or externally, may be encrypted and/or decrypted using the previously described techniques as represented by the signal processing and/or control 1002.
FIG. 11 illustrates an example node device that may be embodied as a cellular phone 1100, which includes a cellular antenna 1102 and signal processing and/or control circuit(s) generally identified at 1104. The cellular phone 1100 can also include mass data storage 1106 and/or a memory 1108, such as random access memory (RAM), a low-latency nonvolatile memory such as flash memory, read only memory (ROM), and/or other suitable electronic data storage. The mass data storage 1106 can store data in a nonvolatile manner, and may include an optical storage media as described with reference to FIG. 7, and/or a media drive such as described with reference to FIG. 3, which may be a mini HDD that includes one or more platters having a diameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8 inches.
In various implementations, the signal processing and/or control circuit(s) 1104 can be implemented to process data (e.g., any of encoding, decoding, encryption, and/or decryption), perform data calculations, format data, and/or any other signal processing functions associated with a cellular phone. The data can be output to and/or received from at least the memory 1108. In addition, the cellular phone 1100 includes a wireless local area network (WLAN) interface 1110 via which input signals can be received in a wireless format. The cellular phone 1100 may also support connections with a WLAN via the WLAN interface 1110. In some implementations, the cellular phone 1100 can include a microphone 1112, an audio output 1114 such as a speaker and/or audio output jack, a display 1116, and/or an input device 1118 such as a keypad, pointing device, voice actuation, and/or other input device. Data communicated by the device, whether internally or externally, may be encrypted and/or decrypted using the previously described techniques as represented by the signal processing and/or control 1102.
FIG. 12 illustrates an example device that may be embodied as a media player 1200, which includes signal processing and/or control circuit(s) generally identified at 1202. The media player 1200 can also include mass data storage 1204 and/or a memory 1206, such as random access memory (RAM), a low-latency nonvolatile memory such as flash memory, read only memory (ROM), and/or other suitable electronic data storage. The mass data storage 1204 can store data, such as compressed audio and/or video content, in a nonvolatile manner. In some implementations, compressed audio files include files that are compliant with an MP3 format or other suitable compressed audio and/or video formats. The mass data storage 1204 may include an optical storage media as described with reference to FIG. 7, and/or a media drive such as described with reference to FIG. 3, which may be a mini HDD that includes one or more platters having a diameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8 inches.
In various implementations, the signal processing and/or control circuit(s) 1202 can be implemented to process data (e.g., any of encoding, decoding, encryption, and/or decryption), perform data calculations, format data, and/or any other signal processing functions associated with a media player. The data can be output to and/or received from at least the memory 1206. In addition, the media player 1200 includes a wireless local area network (WLAN) interface 1208 via which input signals can be received in either a wired or wireless format. The media player 1200 may also support connections with a WLAN via the WLAN interface 1208. In some implementations, the media player 1200 can include an audio output 1210 such as a speaker and/or audio output jack, a display 1212, and/or an input device 1214 such as a keypad, touchpad, pointing device, voice actuation, and/or other input device. In various implementations, media player 1200 may employ a graphical user interface (GUI) that typically includes menus, drop down menus, icons, and/or a point-and-click interface via display 1212 and/or user input 1214. Data communicated by the device, whether internally or externally, may be encrypted and/or decrypted using the previously described techniques as represented by the signal processing and/or control 1202.
FIG. 13 illustrates an example node device that may be embodied as a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phone 1300, which includes an antenna 1302 and/or is implemented in connection with a VoIP box that enables a conventional telephone to be plugged in and utilized with VoIP technology. The VoIP phone 1300 also includes signal processing and/or control circuit(s) generally identified at 1304. The VoIP phone 1300 can also include mass data storage 1306 and/or a memory 1308, such as random access memory (RAM), a low-latency nonvolatile memory such as flash memory, read only memory (ROM), and/or other suitable electronic data storage. The mass data storage 1306 can store data in a nonvolatile manner, and may include an optical storage media as described with reference to FIG. 7, and/or a media drive such as described with reference to FIG. 3, which may be a mini HDD that includes one or more platters having a diameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8 inches.
In various implementations, the signal processing and/or control circuit(s) 1304 can be implemented to process data (e.g., any of encoding, decoding, encryption, and/or decryption), perform data calculations, format data, and/or any other signal processing functions associated with a VoIP phone. The data can be output to and/or received from at least the memory 1308. In addition, the VoIP phone 1300 includes a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) communication module 1310 via which communication links with a VoIP network can be established. In some implementations, the VoIP phone 1300 can include a microphone 1312, an audio output 1314 such as a speaker and/or audio output jack, a display 1316, and/or an input device 1318 such as a keypad, pointing device, voice actuation, and/or other input device. Data communicated by the device, whether internally or externally, may be encrypted and/or decrypted using the previously described techniques as represented by the signal processing and/or control 1302.
Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A System-on-Chip (SoC) comprising: a memory interface; a one-time programmable memory to maintain a first key portion, wherein the first key portion is based on a serial number of the SoC that is not accessible from outside of the SoC; a flash memory maintaining a second key portion, the flash memory stacked above the SoC within a package of the SoC effective to render the one-time programmable memory of the SoC inaccessible if the SoC package is physically accessed; a key generation module to generate a key using the first key portion received from the one-time programmable memory and the second key portion received from the flash memory via the memory interface; and a module to encrypt or decrypt data using the key.
2. The SoC as described in claim 1, wherein the one-time programmable memory is to store the first key portion during manufacture of the SoC.
3. The SoC as described in claim 2 further comprising a deterministic random bit generator configured to generate a value useful to create the first key portion during the manufacture of the SoC.
4. The SoC as described in claim 1, wherein the serial number of the SoC is not accessible by an apparatus that includes the SoC.
5. The SoC as described in claim 1, wherein physically accessing the SoC includes de-capping the package of the SoC.
6. The SoC as described in claim 1, wherein the key generation module is implemented using firmware or hardware, the firmware or hardware prevented from accessing the one-time programmable memory when a data or debug port of the SoC is open.
7. The SoC as described in claim 1 further comprising volatile memory and wherein: the module is to perform one or more techniques in accordance with an National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Key Wrapping; the key is a root key; and the data includes security parameters written to the volatile memory of the SoC.
8. The SoC as described in claim 7, wherein the security parameters include a plurality of encryption keys, each for a different range of Logical Block Addresses (LBA).
9. The SoC as described in claim 1, wherein physically accessing the SoC includes attempting to physically access or remove the flash memory.
10. The SoC as described in claim 1 further comprising non-volatile flash memory communicatively coupled with the memory interface, the non-volatile flash memory maintaining the second key portion.
11. An apparatus including the SoC as described in claim 1, further comprising media communicatively coupled to the module of the SoC to store data encrypted by the module.
12. The apparatus including the SoC as described in claim 11, wherein the SoC and the media form at least a portion of a hard disk drive.
| 46,408 |
https://github.com/dongdage/project/blob/master/app/Models/OrderTemplete.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
project
|
dongdage
|
PHP
|
Code
| 21 | 69 |
<?php
namespace App\Models;
class OrderTemplete extends Model
{
protected $table = 'order_templete';
protected $fillable = ['name', 'contact_person', 'contact_info', 'address', 'is_default'];
}
| 27,618 |
https://github.com/dujijun007/chronic-disease-project/blob/master/kafka-eagle-web/src/main/webapp/media/js/monitor/control.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference, Apache-2.0, MIT
| 2,018 |
chronic-disease-project
|
dujijun007
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 586 | 2,409 |
/// 规定全局字典数据
var metadata = {
'blood-pressure': new Set(['systolic_blood_pressure', 'diastolic_blood_pressure']),
'body-fat-percentage': new Set(['body_fat_percentage']),
'heart-rate': new Set(['heart_rate']),
'body-temperature': new Set(['body_temperature'])
}
// 初始化被选中的source
$(document).ready(function () {
var block = $('.block_tmpl')
block.each(function () {
initFunc($(this))
})
})
function initFunc(new_block){
var selects = new_block.find($(".source select"))
selects.each(function () {
$(this).empty()
var t = $(this)
$.each(metadata, function (k, _) {
t.append("<option value='" + k + "'>" + k + "</option>")
})
}
)
selects.selectpicker('refresh')
// 为SourceSelect创建更改事件监听
new_block.find($('.source select')).each(function () {
$(this).change(function () {
var selectedOptions = []
$(this).find("option:selected").each(function () {
selectedOptions.push($(this).text())
})
// 更新其它块中的source记录
update(selectedOptions, new_block, ".calculation", "c_source", "c_measure")
update(selectedOptions, new_block, ".filter", "f_source", "f_measure")
update(selectedOptions, new_block, ".select", "s_source", "s_meaOrCal")
})
})
// 为其它Block的source和measure创建联动事件
readyForBlock(new_block, ".calculation", "c_source")
readyForBlock(new_block, ".filter", "f_source")
readyForBlock(new_block, ".select", "s_source")
// 为Calculation块的name输入框创建联动事件
onCalNameDefine(new_block)
}
// 为source和measure创建联动事件
function readyForBlock(this_block, blockClass, sourceName){
this_block.find($(blockClass + ' [name="'+ sourceName +'"]')).each(function () {
var measure = $(this).parent().next().find("select")
onchange($(this), measure)
})
}
// 更新各控件
function update(selectedOptions, this_block, block_class, sourceName, measureName) {
// 找到对应的select块
var selects = this_block.find($(block_class + ' select'))
selects.each(function () {
var t = $(this)
var name = t.attr('name')
if (name == sourceName) {
$(this).empty()
$(selectedOptions).each(function () {
t.append("<option value='" + this + "'>" + this + "</option>")
})
}
else if (name == measureName) {
$(this).empty()
var sourceBlock = t.parent()
.parent()
.prev()
.find("select")
var source = sourceBlock.find("option:selected")
.first().text()
if(source != ""){
// 把原有metadata加入到option项下
metadata[source].forEach(function (value) {
t.append("<option value='" + value + "'>" + value + "</option>")
})
// 找到所有的新增的calculation名称
if(sourceBlock.attr('name') != 'c_source'){
var calRoot = sourceBlock.parents('.block_tmpl').find($('.calculation_templ'))
calRoot.each(function () {
var cSource = $(this).find($('[name="c_source"] option:selected'))
if(source == cSource.text()){
var calName = $(this).find($('input')).val();
t.append("<option value='" + calName + "'>" + calName + "</option>")
}
})
}
}
}
})
selects.selectpicker('refresh')
}
// 创建触发函数
function onchange(sourceBlock, measureBlock){
sourceBlock.change(function () {
var source = $(this).find("option:selected").first().text()
measureBlock.empty()
metadata[source].forEach(function (value) {
measureBlock.append("<option value='" + value + "'>" + value + "</option>")
})
// 添加
if($(this).attr('name') != "c_source"){
var calRoot = sourceBlock.parents('.block_tmpl').find($('.calculation_templ'))
calRoot.each(function () {
var cSource = $(this).find($('[name="c_source"] option:selected'))
if(source == cSource.text()){
var calName = $(this).find($('input')).val();
measureBlock.append("<option value='" + calName + "'>" + calName + "</option>")
}
})
}else{
// 手动触发事件更新内容
var pBlock = $(this).parents('.block_tmpl')
var selectSources = pBlock.find($('.select select[name="s_source"]'))
var filterSources = pBlock.find($('.filter select[name="f_source"]'))
selectSources.each(function () {
var measureBlock = $(this).parent().parent().next().find('select')
changeContent($(this), measureBlock)
})
filterSources.each(function () {
var measureBlock = $(this).parent().parent().next().find('select')
changeContent($(this), measureBlock)
})
}
measureBlock.selectpicker('refresh')
})
}
function changeContent(sourceBlock, measureBlock) {
var source = sourceBlock.find("option:selected").first().text()
measureBlock.empty()
metadata[source].forEach(function (value) {
measureBlock.append("<option value='" + value + "'>" + value + "</option>")
})
if(sourceBlock.attr('name') != 'c_source'){
var calRoot = sourceBlock.parents('.block_tmpl').find($('.calculation_templ'))
calRoot.each(function () {
var cSource = $(this).find($('[name="c_source"] option:selected'))
if(source == cSource.text()){
var calName = $(this).find($('input')).val();
if (calName != "")
measureBlock.append("<option value='" + calName + "'>" + calName + "</option>")
}
})
}
measureBlock.selectpicker('refresh')
}
// 为添加aggregationName增加触发事件
function onCalNameDefine(this_block, nameBlock){
// 如果没有定义nameBlock的话, 直接进行所有nameBlock的工作
if(nameBlock == undefined)
nameBlock = this_block.find($('.calculation input[name="c_name"]'))
nameBlock.blur(function () {
var pBlock = $(this).parents('.block_tmpl')
// 手动触发事件更新内容
var selectSources = pBlock.find($('.select select[name="s_source"]'))
var filterSources = pBlock.find($('.filter select[name="f_source"]'))
selectSources.each(function () {
var measureBlock = $(this).parent().parent().next().find('select')
changeContent($(this), measureBlock)
})
filterSources.each(function () {
var measureBlock = $(this).parent().parent().next().find('select')
changeContent($(this), measureBlock)
})
})
}
function addListenerForBlock(this_block, blockClassName, blockSourceName) {
var sourceSelected = this_block.find($(".source select"))
var sources = sourceSelected.children('option:selected')
var curBlock = this_block.find($(blockClassName)).children().last()
// 添加选中元素
var sourceBlock = curBlock.find($('select[name="' + blockSourceName + '"]'))
sourceBlock.empty()
sources.each(function () {
sourceBlock.append("<option value='" + $(this).text() + "'>" + $(this).text() + "</option>")
})
sourceBlock.selectpicker('refresh')
// var sourceVal = sourceBlock.find("option:selected").text()
var measureBlock = sourceBlock.parent().parent().next().find('select')
// 创建触发函数
onchange(sourceBlock, measureBlock)
// 依据source里的值修改measure的值
changeContent(sourceBlock, measureBlock)
}
function checkTopicEmpty(this_block) {
var sourceSelected = this_block.find($(".source select"))
var sources = sourceSelected.children('option:selected')
if (sources.length < 1) {
alert("请先选择数据源")
return false
}
return true
}
function checkWindowIntervalNotEmpty(block){
}
| 4,146 |
https://github.com/thesecretlab/NonCombativeFPS/blob/master/Solitude/Assets/Prefabs/Multi/Corridors/BackWall2x2(S).prefab
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
CC-BY-3.0, MIT
| 2,017 |
NonCombativeFPS
|
thesecretlab
|
Unity3D Asset
|
Code
| 1,921 | 8,965 |
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| 23,958 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/74289922
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,022 |
Stack Exchange
|
https://stackoverflow.com/users/15169145, tomleb
|
English
|
Spoken
| 330 | 908 |
I want to send the value in useEffect to the parent component, what should I do?
I made a useEffect that receives the API and I want to pass the value in useEffect to the parent component. I'm trying to send the value of userData.data.isSuccess, but an error occurs because it's not a function. I know I have to make it into a function, but I don't know how to make it. Can you tell me how to make and pass it? I'd appreciate it if you let me know thanks
SignUpUserInput:
this is child component
import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
import styled from 'styled-components';
import redX from '../../resources/images/img/redX.png'
import axios from 'axios';
const InputWrap = styled.div`
align-items: center;
-webkit-appearance: none;
background: rgb(250, 250, 250);
border: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);
border-radius: 3px;
`
function SignUpUserInput({userName,setUserName,toParentUser}) {
useEffect (()=> {
async function fetchData () {
try{
const userData = await axios({
method : 'get',
url : `https://cors-anywher.herokuapp.com/https://clone-instagram.shop:8080/users/checkid?id=${userName}`
});
//I want to send this..
toParentUser(userData.data.isSuccess)
console.log(userData.data.isSuccess);
}
catch(error) {
alert(error);
}
}
fetchData();
},[userName])
return (
<InputWrap isUserName={isUserName}>
<label className='inputLabel'>
<span className='inputHover'>
사용자 이름
</span>
<input className='inputInput' value={userName} onChange={(e)=>{setUserName(e.target.value); onCheckName(e);}}/>
</label>
</InputWrap>
)
}
export default SignUpUserInput;
SignUp:
and this is parent component. I want deliver serData.data.isSuccess to this component
import React, { useState } from 'react'
import styled from 'styled-components';
import SignUpUserInput from '../components/SingUp/SignUpUserInput';
const SignUpWrap = styled.div`
flex-direction: column;
display: flex;
position: relative;
z-index: 0;
margin-bottom: calc(-100vh + 0px);
`
function SignUp() {
const toParentUser = (x) => {
console.log('well done', x)
}
const [userName, setUserName] = useState("");
return (
<SignUpWrap>
<div className='signUpInputContent4'>
<SignUpUserInput userName={userName} setUserName={setUserName} />
</div>
</SignUpWrap>
)
}
export default SignUp;
You are not passing toParentUser to the component...
To elaborate on the comment mentioned above,
You didn't pass the function as a prop to the child component.
You only passed other props and forgot to pass the toParentUser props.
You did:
<SignUpUserInput userName={userName} setUserName={setUserName} />
Instead of:
<SignUpUserInput userName={userName} setUserName={setUserName} toParentUser={toParentUser} />
| 14,031 |
<urn:uuid:ea107929-fb58-4b14-b81e-e41900fa905f>
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Various open data
| null |
https://www.ina.fr/ina-eclaire-actu/video/i07116871/fabienne-thibeault-et-daniel-balavoine-monopolis
|
ina.fr
|
French
|
Spoken
| 37 | 89 |
Fabienne Thibeault et Daniel Balavoine "Monopolis"
Fabienne THIBEAULT et Daniel BALAVOINE chantent en duo "Monopolis", extrait de "Starmania", en public et accompagnés par l'Orchestre Symphonique d'Antenne 2, sous la direction de Michel BERNOHLC.
Orchestre symphonique d'Antenne 2,
| 23,654 |
sn83016751_1863-04-17_1_10_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 5,170 | 7,665 |
Rights and Duties under the Constitution. Speech of George Ticknor Curtin, Esq. The following is an extract from an address lately delivered in New York by George T. Curtis, Esq., one of the ablest lawyers of the country, and the historian of the Constitution. After discussing the true meaning of loyalty and the rights and duties of citizens, he continued as follows: There is no valid reason why a State should forcibly assert its constitutional rights, any more than that an individual should do the same thing. While a State remains a member of the Union, it is bound to vindicate its constitutional rights and powers in the mode which is consistent with the preservation of that Union; and it can at any time, under any supposed violation of its rights or the rights of its people, make a case for judicial determination. Forcible resistance is open revolution; and nothing but intolerable oppression, cutting off all judicial remedy, can make revolution a necessity and duty. Again—there is another equally good reason, which shows that no popular tumult, and no forcible resistance, are either legally or morally justifiable, while the ballot box remains untouched. If the people of a State have reason to believe that measures of the Federal Government are subversive of the Constitution, it is their right and their duty to correct the evil by a change of their rulers. In cases of supposed extensive violations of the Constitution, to which the attention of the whole country is called, the remedy of elections is ordinarily sufficient to reverse, and is in our system held to reverse erroneous constructions of that instrument, as well as errors of policy. The popular tribunal may not be quite so precise in its action as the judicial, but there can be no mistaking the judgment of the people, when it is pronounced upon an issue clearly made with an Administration which is charged with infringing the Constitution. These principles no one, I presume, will be inclined to dispute. But there is thrust in, to intercept their application to the present crisis in our affairs, a doctrine which I, for one distinctly repudiate. That doctrine is, in substance, that all questioning of the measures of the Administration should be postponed while we are in a civil war; that there should be but one party; and that all should rally in an “unconditional support of the constituted authorities.” This dogma needs examination. If by an unconditional support of the constituted authorities, it is intended to claim that we must all recognize the fact that we are engaged in a civil war, and that we must conduct it, while it lasts, through those authorities, and must hold no irregular intercourse with the public enemy. I readily accede to the proposition. But if it is meant that we are not to question the methods which the Administration pursues in the prosecution of the war; that we have no rightful control over their measures; or that we are to refrain from demanding a change of their policy — I reject the doctrine without the slightest hesitation. The very issue which you make with the Administration of itself refutes that doctrine. That issue is, that their course of action subverts the Constitution; makes the war an attack upon the social system of the South; and renders it impossible to succeed in that war, without destroying, for the South and for the North, the whole principle of State sovereignty, on which the Union was necessarily founded, as one of its corner-stones. It is in vain to say that the acts of the Administration, of which you complain, are military measures. In every civil war there are political considerations which must qualify the military action, or that action can result only in disaster. A government that undertakes to suppress a great revolt of powerful and organized communities, at the same time furnishing the strongest of moral motives for resistance, is in the same situation as he who lights his enemy with one hand, and supplies him through the other with the munitions of war. In the present case we have made the conquest one of infinite difficulty, by first declaring that we waged the war solely for the supremacy of the Constitution, and then turning round and making the overthrow of the Constitution absolute result of our success. This result will not be confined to the condition of the revolted States, if the war continues to be prosecuted as it has been for the past six months. You cannot acquiesce in the measures of the Administration, involving, as they do, the exercise of many powers that lie wholly outside of the Constitution, without leaving this country hereafter to be ruled by powers that will rest upon nothing but what the judgment of a party or a faction, or a clique, shall deem public necessities. In this as to our affairs, I cannot avoid a word of earnest appeal to all reflecting men, to consider what fate must attend the securities of property, as well as the rights of person, if we permit the Constitution to be lost. There are five great securities of property, the continuance of which in this country is dependent on the preservation of the Constitution of the United States. Let me enumerate them. They are: 1. A uniform metallic currency, as the basis and standard of all values. 2. The power to establish a uniform system of bankruptcies, whenever the interests of commerce require it. 3. The inviolability of contracts by State Legislatures. 4. The provision which places property under the protection of the Constitution, as against Federal power, so that no man can be deprived of it without legal process. 5. The prohibition which restrains the Federal power of eminent domain, so that private property cannot be taken for public use without just compensation. Now no rational being can suppose that those guarantees can be extorted anew from that centralized despotism which is but too likely to be the only successor that the Constitution of the United States can ever have. I care not what ideas men may form of that “stronger government," which some allow themselves to wish for in the place of our present system. My reason and my instincts both teach me that that government will be an unchecked and uncontrolled despotism; and we need not look far for the signs of its approach. Consciously or unconsciously, there are many agencies at work to promote its advent; one of the most potent of them is the false doctrine of “loyalty,” against which I contend, and another is the perilous idea that you can safely trifle with a fixed constitution. We have made such vast strides towards a system entirely unknown to the Federal Constitution, that we can now see the nature of the only power that will ever replace it. When that power has fully come, the present securities of property will have been swept away with the securities of person. Both will disappear with the Federal Constitution; and we shall never extort them as concessions from the new power, or place them beyond reach, if we can extort them. There are no barons on this our American earth to make a new Magna Gliarta; our race will never see another Runnymede; and we shall never see another Washington, another Madison, another Hamilton, another Jay, another Patrick Henry, another Samuel Adams. Even the States with their separate constitutions, their bills of rights, and their present capacity to protect their people, will fall beneath the new and unchecked power to which the nation will surrender itself, when it cuts aloof from the Federal Constitution; and if they should not, every intelligent man, who has had much to do with accumulation, knows, or should know, that property, deprived of the support which it derived from the Federal Constitution system, can maintain but a feeble and precarious existence. We must remember that long, long centuries ago—in a state of society in one sense rude, but when the manly virtues of our ancestors gave them a historic splendor that we can only reflect, it providentially happened that the rights of property and the rights of persons were indefinitely blended in one immortal maxim, that was laid, for all time, at the basis of the civilization of our race. Whatever may happen in other civilizations, or in other climes, liberty and property for us must flourish or perish together. My friends, it is time that the warfare upon opinion, and thought, and speech should cease. It is time we had ascertained that our national difficulties can never be cured without the action of the people. It is time we had exploded the fallacy that patriotism and party are incompatible in any conceivable circumstances of our country. You, at any rate, let me hope, reject this dogma as a delusion; for in all the gloom of the present, in all the dark uncertainties of the future, I put my hopes in the great Democracy of the Union. I see nothing else to which we can look. I see you, it is true, occasionally distracted by the tactics of your opponents, occasionally disturbed by the indiscretion of your friends. But I also see you animated by a patriotism which I fully believe will guide you aright, and which, in spite of all that men say of you, commands my respect and confidence. Permit me then, with such freedom as may be taken by one who neither has nor seeks any special place in your organization, to offer you a word of friendly counsel. What you need, as it seems to me, is to be fully impressed with a belief in your mission and in your capacity to fulfill it. That mission is to save the Constitution of the United States. By saving it, I mean of course that you are to save it for the whole Union, for the South and the North, for the East and the West, with every right which it protects completely established. I can see no other mode of saving it; for it is to my mind apparent, that a war prosecuted against the South for the acquisition of powers over their domestic institutions which the Constitution expressly withholds from the Federal Government, can result in nothing but the establishment of a system under which there can be no local rights of self-government left for any section or State. This it is your mission to prevent. You cannot prevent it by uniting with those who proffer support to the war without the slightest protest against the unconstitutional policy with which it is prosecuted. In all the late popular proceedings looking to the establishment of what are styled “Loyal Leagues,” I have not seen one word of indignant remonstrance against the unconstitutional measures of the Administration. You cannot expect, and need not look for such remonstrance from assemblies largely composed of those who are the peculiar supporters of the Administration, and who are more or less responsible for its measures. Public opinion, if it is to make itself heard and felt against all violations of the Constitution, must make its utterances through the action of the voice of those who have never failed to protest against the policy that has created for us so much peril. If that public opinion fails to recognize this necessary channel of expression—if it yields itself to a fatal attack, then it will be the result of a united effort to secure the rights of the people. athy, or will not see how it can at once give a government and change an Administration—the one that will be lost, and there will remain to us only the consolation that we have individually done our duty. You are, then, permitted to add, to seek by every constitutional and upright method, to obtain the control of all the organisms of government. If in the meantime you cannot induce the present Executive of the United States to change his policy, then, remembering his position, possess your souls in patience until you can give him a constitutional successor. Let everything be prepared with one fixed and unselfish purpose, namely: to make every successive election reverse the doctrines and dogmas and usurpations which you know you should condemn. By this course of action, instead of weakening, you will strengthen your government; for you will make it apparent for the whole world that the present arbitrary rule is to be succeeded by a period when the Constitution is once more, in all its beneficence and all its power, to be “the supreme law of the land.” Fail to do this, and the nation, losing heart and hope, will lose sight of the methods by which a constitutional succession can be preserved to a better day, and will yield itself to the despair which welcomes despotism, or to the rage which welcomes anarchy. I know the difficulties of your position; but you must not falter, and you must not admit that you can fail. High virtues are demanded of you. You must live down slander, you must despise obloquy, you must watch your own motives, you must chasten your own spirits, you must "stretch every nerve" and press with vigor on" to the salvation of your country. You must win public confidence by your purity; you must challenge public respect by your intelligence. Above all, and before all, without one instant’s hesitation, without pleading one solitary excuse, you must be true to the principles of civil liberty. You must learn that these principles are no chance production of the "principal times of peace," but that they are rules which in all times of tranquility and all times of commotion have been evolved out of the wisdom of ages, to save us from the mad thirst of arbitrary power that has again and again seized upon highly civilized nations, and destroyed the hopes of mankind. Preparing yourselves in this way for the great task that is before you, you will be able to approach the difficult problem of this war with a firm and fearless step. You will see that this problem presents to you the alternatives of consenting to a dismemberment of the country, or of preventing that dismemberment by a reversal of the popular and governmental action which has made it so nearly an accomplished fact. You will soon hear it said, by those who have urged on the war upon this most disastrous policy, that it is too late now; that the breach can never be closed; that the South must be permitted to go in peace. Just here, then, precisely here, before all is given up to the control of the extremists, North and South, to do so. You must interpose. You have a right to have other measures and other counsels tried. You are numerically a majority in at least four of the largest States in the Union. You may rightfully demand that the Constitution with all its guarantees be tendered to the revolted States; and you may rightfully do all that can assure the people of the South of its protection, without calling upon your government to change its military attitude. I know well enough the insidious answer that is made to this suggestion; how confidently we are told that the South would reject your offer with scorn. But I tell you that history has never seen a case of war, foreign or civil, in which a nation could absolve itself from the moral responsibility of doing right, by asserting beforehand that it knew its adversary would do wrong. The elements of a moral judgment do not exist in advance of such an offer, either in the controversies of nations or in the controversies of individuals. Whatever others may think or say, or do, you, I trust, will act upon a principle which I am persuaded rests upon a moral foundation that no sophistry and no casuistry can successfully assail. It, after such an offer, the war must still be carried on, no language can overstate the advantage that would be gained in the vigor of its prosecution. And here, gentlemen, I close. One path of duty is clearly open before us. I can see no other now. Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof, sufficient unto the day is the duty thereof. He who does that one duty in a firm and humble faith in the providence of God, prepares himself for a clear perception of the next that may arise in the future. The Loss of the Mississippi. The loss of the Mississippi is an event that brings grief to the heart, even among the exultations of victory. A gallant ship, “like a thing of life,” finds its way into our hearts, and the warmest affections cling thickly and tenderly to every plank and spar. Staunch, noble and reliable, she was ever the pride of the American sailor. Twice around the world she carried the proud ensign of our country, a wedeome guest to every land and port. Twice in the fierce cyclone that swept the eastern seas did she safely ride the waves. Gallantly streamed her colors in the smoke and thunder under the very walls of Vera Cruz. Faithfully did she guard the coast in the early days of the blockade, and he roically did she fight her way to fame at Forts Jackson and St. Philip. And now, to crown her career, she sinks entombed in the bosom of the mighty stream that gave her name. Is it not a fitting grave? Built where integrity yet ruled the public heart, when unity and greatness were the pride of all the States, and freedom their glory—not a timber or bolt was put into her but had the true ring of loyalty; not a plunk or bulkhead but spoke of strength and stability. She was one of the few things left suggestive of our former strength and power. Well, there is this consolation: her history will have no stain. Not a plank or rope was polluted by a traitor’s touch. The same proud flag she bore for more than twenty years, through calm and storm, through smoke and battle, over every dime and sea, floated at her peak when her death knell shook the very earth on which the traitors stood. The match that lit her destruction was fixed by the hand that loved her most. Let narrow, perjured hearts rejoice at her destruction; they never loved their country’s flag, the one she bore, much less her who has borne it with so much honor. But all true patriots will mourn her loss. No Orleans Era. A correspondent at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, says that the putting of the place into fighting trim to the utmost capacity is progressing; if surely to completion. A limited column of columns have recently been landed, and other pieces of heavier caliber are expected to arrive. INTENTIONAL DUPLICATE AJT? COST! AT COST! GREAT BARGAINS!! The scarcity of GOLD among the people, and the peculiar circumstance of the present season, have induced us to offer, FOR TWO WEEKS, AT COST, AT WHOLESALE AND RETAIL FOR CASH. OUR ENTIRE STOCK OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN CALICOES, ENGLISH AND SCOTCH GINGHAMS LANCASTER, CLINTON AND GLASSWARE AMERICAN GINGHAMS, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN BELLAS Lonsdale, Wyoght, Bates, Norton, Avon and other BLEACHED MUSLINS, Lawrence “C,” Indian Head, Pocasset, Elephant, Agawam, and other BRO W IV SHEETINGS. BRADLEY'S CELEBRATED HOOP SKIRTS, AS FOLLOWS: “PRIZE OF THE WORM,” “TIP-TOP,” “FLEXIBLE HATS “L.9CE H O RE,” WITH OTHER STYLES. Our stock of THESE GOODS is large. Come one—come all—to the store of St. Paul, April 3, 1863. apt D, W. INGUISCOLL & CO. EDWARD H. BIG DRUGGIST Presley’s Block, Third St. BET. ROBERT AND MINNESOTA ST! ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA Wholesale and Retail Dealer in DRUGS, MEDICINES, CHEMICALS, PAINTS, OILS, TURPENTINE, WINDOW GLASS, PUTTY, COLORS, DRY AND IN OIL, PATENT MEDICINES, BRUSHES, PERFUMERY, FANCY GOODS, AND ALL ARTICLES APPERTAINING TO A GENERAL DRUG BUSINESS, To which he invites the attention of purchasers, assuring them they shall have the BEST OF marsd&w 1862. WINTER 1863. ARRANGEMENT. Minnesota Stage Company Northwestern Express AND THE UNITED STATES MAIL. The Roads are well stocked with first class horses Concord Coaches, with careful and experienced Drivers, all under the control of competent Agents. SCHEDULE OF DEPARTURES FROM SAINT PAUL For Hastings, Red Wing, Lake City, Reed’s Landing, Wabashaw, Minneiska, Winona and La Crosse, connecting with the La Crosse and Milwaukee Railroad, every morning, at 5 a.m. For Stillwater—Daily at 8 o’clock, a.m. For Shakopee, Jordan, St. Lawrence, Belle Plaine, Henderson, Le Sueur, Traverse de Sioux, St. Peter and Mankato—daily at 5 p.m. For Rosemont Castle Rock, Northfield, Cannon City, Faribault, Medford, Clinton Falls and Owatonna, connecting at Owatonna for Wilton, St. Mary’s, Winnebago Agency and Mankato, also for Rice Lake, Claramount, Wascoja, Mantorville, Rochester, Chatelle and Winona—daily, at 4 a.m. For Indianapolis, Anoka, Orono, Orlando, Monticello, Clear Water, St. Augusta, and St. Cloud—daily at 5 a.m. For Sauk Rapids, Belle Prairie, Fort Ripley and Crow Wing—Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, at 5 a.m. For Richmond, Sauk Centre, Alexandria, Chipman, Pomme de Terre, Breckinridge, Fort Abercrombie—Mondays and Wednesdays, at 5 a.m. For Sunrise, with connections for Superior and Bayfield—Every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 7 a.m. For further particulars enquire at the General Office on Third Street. J. C. BURBANK & CO., Proprietors. St. Paul, July 24, 1802. PACKAGES ASSORTED FRUITS, Consisting of Prunes, Plums, Currants and Citron, all new crop. For sale at prices to suit the times, at J. C. & H. C. BURBANK & CO. A GRANT’S PATENT FANNING MILLS, for Sale at manufacturer’s prices, at J. C. & H. C. BURBANK & CO. JIT A DOZEN DuIJOIS BEST CAST O\J STEEL AXES. Also, Hi) dozen Red River AXES, 25 boxes assorted BLIND TACKS, first quality, at J. C. & H. C. BURBANK & CO. JUST EAST HAVE JUST RECEIVED A large supply of “WESTERN RESERVE” CHEESE, which we can offer very low for cash. J. C. & H. C. BURBANK & CO. June 7, 1859 SARDINES. Iv 7 20 cases in and X boxes, choice 50 cases 2 qt. cans fresh Cove Oysters 10 do do Lobsters 10 do do Salmon J. C. & H. C. BURBANK & CO., Lower Levee. > LARGE STOCK OF FINE LI /5L (Ji'Olt and CIGARS, which are offered so low that will insure quick sales at J. C. & H. C. BURBANK & CO., Lower Levee. *5 A A WHOLE, HALF AND QRS. Boxes RAISINS, crop of 1801, at J. O. & K. C. BURBANK & CO. “AA KEGS OF NAILS & SPICES <? 9 \J 250 boxes assorted Window Glass 10 gross pt llanks 5 casks Prunes 5 casks Currants 2 cases Nutmegs 10 matts Cassia 50 cans Mustard' 15 bags Whole Pepper and Pimento 4 cans English and French Mustard 5 bbls Vinegar 10 cases Salad Oil 700 boxes Babbitt’s Pure Saleratus to Boxes S. C. Soda 50 coils assorted Manilla Cordage 10 dozen Bed Cords 15 boxes Vermicelli and Maccaroni 4 bbls Sago and Tapioca 50 boxes Starch 10 dozen 2 and 3 Hooped Pails 51 dozen assorted Tubs and Keelers 50 gross Playing Cards 500 boxes G. D. Caps—and Ely’s and Coke's water 10,000 lbs Bar Lead 1000 sacks shot J. C. & H. C. BURBANK & CO., Lower Levee. Of C. B. XES SOAP 40 do Castile do T. C. & H. C. BURBANK & CO. GOODS, and at FAIR PRICES. AUDITOR’S OFFICE, Saint Paul, March 16,1863. Notice is hereby given that proposals will be re ceived by the County Commissioners of Ramsey county, at the Auditor’s office in the city of St Paul, until the first day of May, a. t>. 1803, for the pur chase of the following real estate and personal prop erty belonging to the county of Ramsey, to wit: S y t NE X Section 22, Town 30, Range 23. WtfSEjf “ “ 44 Lot 1, Section 23, Town 30, Range 23. 44 2, “ 41 44 44 44 44 SW X NW X Section 23, Town 30, Range 23. EXSW X “ “ “ “ 44 44 Lot 1, Block 44 “ 44 44 Also, one superior steam engine and boiler. All of the above property will be sold to the highest bidder, either for cash, Ramsey county orders, or past due Ramsey county bonds. Lots 1 and 2, block 16, Robert & Randall's Addition to St Paul, will be subdivided into fifty feet lots, fronting on Jackson street and numbered as follows, to wit: Commencing at the corner of Eighth and Jackson streets, and numbering from one to six, inclusive. The remainder of the property will be subdivided in such a manner as will render it the most desirable to the purchaser, and the most advantageous to the county. Plats of the above property can be seen at the County Auditor’s office, and the engine and boiler can be examined by making application at the Sheriff’s office. N. B.—The Commissioners reserve the right to reject all bids that, in their opinion, are not for the best interest of the county. WM. H. FORBES, marlS-wedAw County Auditor. DIL. GALEN’S PRIVATE DISPENSARY, And Medical and Surgical Office, ESTABLISHED IN ST. PAUL, JUNE, 1862, For the cure of the following complaints: CHRONIC and PRIVATE DISEASES, including the VENEREAL DISEASES in all its forms, Stricture, Piles, Fistula, Rupture, Diseases of the Kidneys, Bladder, Ac. To Young Men, particular attention given to the secret infirmities of youth and manhood, arising from certain secret habits. Middle Aged and even Old Men, Who feel a debility in advance of their years, restored to vigor. To the Ladies.—Female Diseases Cured, such as Leucorrhea, Menstrual Diseases, Menstrual Diseases, Falling of the Womb, Ulceration of the Uterus, &c. For sale, Dr. Dewee's Female Pills for obstructions, irregularities, etc. Safe and certain at all times, but should not be used during pregnancy, as they would produce miscarriage. Price $1 per box, and may be sent by mail. A Do, Dr. GALEN'S PREVENTIVE, for those wishing to limit their offspring—will last a lifetime, and warranted not to injure the health. Price $2, and may be sent by mail. PATIENTS AT A DISTANCE—Treated by correspondence, and Medicines sent under seal to cure any case at home. N.B. For particulars concerning the above matters, send for our Medical Record on a New Method of Treatment, containing 61 pages, 30 engravings, and numerous cases, sent under seal, on receipt of ten cents or stamps. In addition to a Regular Medical Education, the Doctor has had many years' experience in the treatment of the above Diseases, and by devoting himself exclusively to this department of practice, and preparing his own Medicines, he is enabled to cure all cases within the reach of medical aid, without risk or exposure, in the shortest possible time. Separate apartments always in reserve, so that patients see no one but the Doctor, and all interviews confidential. Office in Concert Hall, Third Street. OFFICE HOURS daily from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. Sundays 2 to 5 p.m. Address all communications to DP. GALEN'S DISPENSARY, ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA. jan'J. Confessions and Experience or AN INVALID. Published for the benefit, and as a warning and a caution to you, no men, who suffer from Spermatorrhea, Nervous Debility, Premature Decay, etc., supplying, at the same time, THE MEANS OF SELF-CURE. By one who has cured himself after being put to great expense and injury through medical humbug and quackery. By enclosing a post-paid addressed envelope, single copies may be had of the author. NATHANIEL MAYFAIR, Esq., Bedford, Kings Co., N.Y. GAR AND MOLASSES! 3 to 5 lbs prime Porto Rico 150 Cases Crushed, Powdered and Clarified—in store, and to arrive. J. C. & H. C. BURBANK & CO., Lower Levee. "PRINTERS’ INK—All Colors. For sale by J. C. & H. C. BURBANK & CO., Lower Levee. "So pen!-ni> flici centr.h our pnrs. For the abode boundless Continent is ours." VOCALITY 1,732. Y,000 "VAS Have been introduced to the public for more than six years, and have acquired an Vowvwv, 'Co\vwVv\v, far exceeding any Family Medicines of a similar nature in the market. An appreciating public was not long In discovering they possessed remarkable and hence their success and consequent profit to the Proprietor, thus enabling him to expend thousands of dollars each year in advertising their merits, and publishing the following: The peculiarity of the Vodka C.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V. Old Sores, Fever and Pimples, Leucorrhea, Sick Headache, Erysipelas, St. Anthony's Fire, Pumors, Eruptions, Fits, Scrofulous Consumption, etc. ONE person writes, her daughter was cured of fits of nine years’ standing, and St. Vitus' dance of two years. ANOTHER writes, his son was cured after his flesh had almost wasted away. The doctors pronounced the case incurable. ANOTHER was cured of Fever and Ague after trying every medicine in his reach. ANOTHER was cured of Fever Sore which had existed fourteen years. ANOTHER of Rheumatism of eight years. Cases innumerable of Dyspepsia and Liver Complaint could be mentioned in which the Purifier and Fills are the most active and thorough pills that have ever been introduced. They act so directly upon the Liver, exciting that organ to such an extent as that the system does not relapse into its former condition, which is too apt to be the case with have used them, and they will say they are and you should try them before going for a physician. Get a pamphlet or Almanac of my local agent, and read the certificates, and if you have ever doubled you will be convinced. As a proof that the Blood Purifier and Tills are purely vegetable, I have 11 jo certificates of those eminent chemists. Professors Chilton of New York, and Locke of Cincinnati. Dr. Roback's Sped and Notices and Certificates published in a conspicuous part of this Paper from time to time. Price of the Sea and in a valuable Vegetable Blood Purifier, $5 per bottle, or $5 per half dozen. Of the Scandinavian Vegetable Blood Tills, $5 per box, or $5 per half dozen. Of the Scandinavian Vegetable Blood Tills, $5 per box, or $5 per half dozen. Principal Office and Salesroom, No. 6 East Main St., 3rd Building from Main St., Cincinnati, O. Laboratory, No. 18 Hammond St. For Sale: Day & Jenkins, Saint Patti. If. C. Smith, Le Sueur. How & Weiser, Shakopee. W. U. Leonard & Co., Minneapolis. A. M. Pett Hastings. J. S. Kellogg, Red Wing. Chas. Benson, Winona. J. Weinstock & Co., Minneapolis. E. C. Preston, Rochester. V. & Owatonna. V. L. Clark & Co., Austin. J. H. Wheeler, Faribault. W. H. Stevens, Paribault. Lathrop & Paul, Saint Peter. Louis Theobald, New York. And all Druggists everywhere. W. H. Stevens, Paribault. Lathrop & Paul, Saint Peter. Louis Theobald, New York. And all Druggists everywhere. 10 Barrels. Stuart’s Drips—in store and for sale. J. C. & H. C. BURBANK & CO. S.YYYYt\. (Dizziness, etc.)
| 44,169 |
https://github.com/QuinnDamerell/phuzei/blob/master/app/src/main/java/com/alirezaafkar/phuzei/data/api/TokenApi.kt
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| null |
phuzei
|
QuinnDamerell
|
Kotlin
|
Code
| 78 | 409 |
package com.alirezaafkar.phuzei.data.api
import com.alirezaafkar.phuzei.CLIENT_ID
import com.alirezaafkar.phuzei.CODE_GRANT_TYPE
import com.alirezaafkar.phuzei.REDIRECT_URI
import com.alirezaafkar.phuzei.REFRESH_GRANT_TYPE
import com.alirezaafkar.phuzei.data.model.Token
import io.reactivex.Single
import retrofit2.Call
import retrofit2.http.Field
import retrofit2.http.FormUrlEncoded
import retrofit2.http.POST
/**
* Created by Alireza Afkar on 14/9/2018AD.
*/
interface TokenApi {
@FormUrlEncoded
@POST("https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v4/token")
fun request(
@Field("code") code: String,
@Field("client_id") client_id: String = CLIENT_ID,
@Field("redirect_uri") redirect_uri: String = REDIRECT_URI,
@Field("grant_type") grant_type: String = CODE_GRANT_TYPE
): Single<Token>
@FormUrlEncoded
@POST("https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v4/token")
fun refresh(
@Field("refresh_token") refresh_token: String?,
@Field("client_id") client_id: String = CLIENT_ID,
@Field("grant_type") grant_type: String = REFRESH_GRANT_TYPE
): Call<Token>
}
| 7,490 |
https://github.com/raviVoraiOS/ArtistDBApp/blob/master/ArtistApp/ArtistApp/CustomCell/ArtistListCell.swift
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
ArtistDBApp
|
raviVoraiOS
|
Swift
|
Code
| 105 | 345 |
//
// ArtistListCell.swift
// ArtistApp
//
// Created by Admin on 20/07/19.
// Copyright © 2019 Admin. All rights reserved.
//
import UIKit
class ArtistListCell: UITableViewCell {
@IBOutlet weak var artistLabel: UILabel!
@IBOutlet weak var artistImageView: UIImageView!
override func awakeFromNib() {
super.awakeFromNib()
// Initialization code
}
override func setSelected(_ selected: Bool, animated: Bool) {
super.setSelected(selected, animated: animated)
// Configure the view for the selected state
}
func setArtistDetails(currentArtist:SavedArtistList?) {
if currentArtist != nil {
self.artistLabel.text = currentArtist?.name!
if currentArtist?.image != nil {
DownloadManager.sharedManager.downloadImage(currentArtist!.image!,placeHolderImage: UIConstant.Images.noImageMedium, completion: { (image:UIImage?) -> Void in
self.artistImageView.image = image
})
}
else {
artistImageView?.image = UIImage(named: UIConstant.Images.noImageSmall)
}
}
}
}
| 38,292 |
https://github.com/nullvoid121/chaac/blob/master/fw/chaac/hw/bsp/chaac_v1p2/src/hal_bsp.c
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
chaac
|
nullvoid121
|
C
|
Code
| 1,375 | 5,910 |
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include "os/mynewt.h"
#if MYNEWT_VAL(UART_0) || MYNEWT_VAL(UART_1)
#include <uart/uart.h>
#include <uart_hal/uart_hal.h>
#endif
#include <hal/hal_bsp.h>
#include <hal/hal_gpio.h>
#include <hal/hal_flash_int.h>
#include <hal/hal_timer.h>
#if MYNEWT_VAL(SPI_0_MASTER) || MYNEWT_VAL(SPI_0_SLAVE)
#include <hal/hal_spi.h>
#endif
#include <stm32l432xx.h>
#include <stm32l4xx_hal_dma.h>
#include <stm32l4xx_hal_adc.h>
#include <stm32l4xx_hal_rcc.h>
#include <stm32l4xx_hal_pwr.h>
#include <stm32l4xx_hal_flash.h>
#include <stm32l4xx_hal_gpio_ex.h>
#include <mcu/stm32l4_bsp.h>
#include "mcu/stm32l4xx_mynewt_hal.h"
#include "mcu/stm32_hal.h"
#include "hal/hal_i2c.h"
#if MYNEWT_VAL(ADC_1)
#include <adc_stm32l432/adc_stm32l432.h>
#endif
#include "bsp/bsp.h"
#if MYNEWT_VAL(UART_0)
static struct uart_dev hal_uart0;
#endif
#if MYNEWT_VAL(UART_1)
static struct uart_dev hal_uart1;
#endif
#if MYNEWT_VAL(UART_0) || MYNEWT_VAL(UART_1)
static const struct stm32_uart_cfg uart_cfg[UART_CNT] = {
[0] = {
.suc_uart = USART2,
.suc_rcc_reg = &RCC->APB1ENR1,
.suc_rcc_dev = RCC_APB1ENR1_USART2EN,
.suc_pin_tx = MCU_GPIO_PORTA(2),
.suc_pin_rx = MCU_GPIO_PORTA(3),
.suc_pin_rts = -1,
.suc_pin_cts = -1,
.suc_pin_af = GPIO_AF7_USART2,
// TODO - tx and rx have different af mapping
// tx is GPIO_AF3_USART2 and rx is GPIO_AF7_USART2
.suc_irqn = USART2_IRQn
},
[1] = {
.suc_uart = USART1,
.suc_rcc_reg = &RCC->APB2ENR,
.suc_rcc_dev = RCC_APB2ENR_USART1EN,
.suc_pin_tx = MCU_GPIO_PORTB(6),
.suc_pin_rx = MCU_GPIO_PORTB(7),
.suc_pin_rts = -1,
.suc_pin_cts = -1,
.suc_pin_af = GPIO_AF7_USART1,
.suc_irqn = USART1_IRQn
}
};
#endif
#if MYNEWT_VAL(I2C_0)
static struct stm32_hal_i2c_cfg i2c_cfg0 = {
.hic_i2c = I2C1,
.hic_rcc_reg = &RCC->APB1ENR1,
.hic_rcc_dev = RCC_APB1ENR1_I2C1EN,
.hic_pin_sda = MCU_GPIO_PORTA(10),
.hic_pin_scl = MCU_GPIO_PORTA(9),
.hic_pin_af = GPIO_AF4_I2C1,
.hic_10bit = 0,
.hic_timingr = 0x00303D5B, /* 100KHz at 16MHz of SysCoreClock */
};
#endif
#if MYNEWT_VAL(SPI_0_SLAVE) || MYNEWT_VAL(SPI_0_MASTER)
struct stm32_hal_spi_cfg spi0_cfg = {
.ss_pin = MCU_GPIO_PORTA(4),
.sck_pin = MCU_GPIO_PORTA(5),
.miso_pin = MCU_GPIO_PORTA(6),
.mosi_pin = MCU_GPIO_PORTB(5),
.irq_prio = 2,
};
#endif
static const struct hal_bsp_mem_dump dump_cfg[] = {
[0] = {
.hbmd_start = &_ram_start,
.hbmd_size = RAM_SIZE
},
};
#if MYNEWT_VAL(ADC_1)
struct adc_dev my_dev_adc1;
#define STM32L432_ADC_DEFAULT_INIT_TD {\
.ClockPrescaler = ADC_CLOCK_ASYNC_DIV1,\
.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B,\
.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT,\
.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_DISABLE,\
.EOCSelection = ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV,\
.LowPowerAutoWait = DISABLE,\
.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE,\
.NbrOfConversion = 1,\
.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE,\
.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START,\
.ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_NONE,\
.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE,\
.Overrun = ADC_OVR_DATA_PRESERVED,\
.OversamplingMode = ENABLE,\
.Oversampling = {\
.Ratio = ADC_OVERSAMPLING_RATIO_256, \
.RightBitShift = ADC_RIGHTBITSHIFT_8, \
.TriggeredMode = ADC_TRIGGEREDMODE_SINGLE_TRIGGER, \
.OversamplingStopReset = ADC_REGOVERSAMPLING_CONTINUED_MODE, \
},\
}
#define STM32L432_DEFAULT_ADC1_HANDLE {\
.Init = STM32L432_ADC_DEFAULT_INIT_TD,\
.Instance = ADC1,\
.DMA_Handle = NULL,\
.Lock = HAL_UNLOCKED,\
.State = 0,\
.ErrorCode = 0,\
.InjectionConfig={0,0}\
}
ADC_HandleTypeDef adc1_handle = STM32L432_DEFAULT_ADC1_HANDLE;
// VBATT
#define ADC_CH10_SAC_CFG {\
.c_refmv = 3300,\
.c_res = 12,\
.c_configured = 1,\
.c_cnum = 10\
}
// LIGHT
#define ADC_CH11_SAC_CFG {\
.c_refmv = 3300,\
.c_res = 12,\
.c_configured = 1,\
.c_cnum = 11\
}
// WDIR
#define ADC_CH15_SAC_CFG {\
.c_refmv = 3300,\
.c_res = 12,\
.c_configured = 1,\
.c_cnum = 15\
}
// VSOLAR
#define ADC_CH16_SAC_CFG {\
.c_refmv = 3300,\
.c_res = 12,\
.c_configured = 1,\
.c_cnum = 16\
}
#define STM32L432_ADC1_DEFAULT_CONFIG {\
.sac_chan_count = 17,\
.sac_chans = (struct adc_chan_config [17]){\
{0},\
{0},\
{0},\
{0},\
{0},\
{0},\
{0},\
{0},\
{0},\
{0},\
ADC_CH10_SAC_CFG, /* BATT pin (PA5) */ \
ADC_CH11_SAC_CFG, /* LIGHT pin (PA6) */ \
{0},\
{0},\
{0},\
ADC_CH15_SAC_CFG, /* WDIR pin (PB0) */ \
ADC_CH16_SAC_CFG, /* VSOLAR pin (PB1) */ \
},\
.sac_adc_handle = &adc1_handle,\
}
struct stm32l432_adc_dev_cfg adc1_config = STM32L432_ADC1_DEFAULT_CONFIG;
#endif
extern const struct hal_flash stm32_flash_dev;
const struct hal_flash *
hal_bsp_flash_dev(uint8_t id)
{
/*
* Internal flash mapped to id 0.
*/
if (id != 0) {
return NULL;
}
return &stm32_flash_dev;
}
const struct hal_bsp_mem_dump *
hal_bsp_core_dump(int *area_cnt)
{
*area_cnt = sizeof(dump_cfg) / sizeof(dump_cfg[0]);
return dump_cfg;
}
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};
/**Configure LSE Drive Capability
*/
HAL_PWR_EnableBkUpAccess();
__HAL_RCC_LSEDRIVE_CONFIG(RCC_LSEDRIVE_LOW);
/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSE|RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.LSEState = RCC_LSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = 0;
RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_6;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
assert(HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) == HAL_OK);
/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_MSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
assert(HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) == HAL_OK);
PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART1|RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART2
|RCC_PERIPHCLK_I2C1|RCC_PERIPHCLK_ADC;
PeriphClkInit.Usart1ClockSelection = RCC_USART1CLKSOURCE_PCLK2;
PeriphClkInit.Usart2ClockSelection = RCC_USART2CLKSOURCE_PCLK1;
PeriphClkInit.I2c1ClockSelection = RCC_I2C1CLKSOURCE_PCLK1;
PeriphClkInit.AdcClockSelection = RCC_ADCCLKSOURCE_PLLSAI1;
PeriphClkInit.PLLSAI1.PLLSAI1Source = RCC_PLLSOURCE_MSI;
PeriphClkInit.PLLSAI1.PLLSAI1M = 1;
PeriphClkInit.PLLSAI1.PLLSAI1N = 8;
PeriphClkInit.PLLSAI1.PLLSAI1P = RCC_PLLP_DIV7;
PeriphClkInit.PLLSAI1.PLLSAI1Q = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;
PeriphClkInit.PLLSAI1.PLLSAI1R = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;
PeriphClkInit.PLLSAI1.PLLSAI1ClockOut = RCC_PLLSAI1_ADC1CLK;
assert(HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) == HAL_OK);
/**Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
*/
assert(HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE2) == HAL_OK);
/**Enable MSI Auto calibration
*/
HAL_RCCEx_EnableMSIPLLMode();
}
void
hal_bsp_init(void)
{
int rc;
(void)rc;
SystemClock_Config();
SystemCoreClockUpdate();
#if MYNEWT_VAL(BOOT_SERIAL)
// Bootloader needs to enable XBEE to communicate
hal_gpio_init_out(XBEE_nSBY_PIN, 0);
// Configure boot pin to see who triggered the reset
hal_gpio_init_in(MYNEWT_VAL(BOOT_SERIAL_DETECT_PIN),
MYNEWT_VAL(BOOT_SERIAL_DETECT_PIN_CFG));
if(hal_gpio_read(MYNEWT_VAL(BOOT_SERIAL_DETECT_PIN)) ==
MYNEWT_VAL(BOOT_SERIAL_DETECT_PIN_VAL)) {
// If the boot pin is not low, use the xbee uart
rc = os_dev_create((struct os_dev *) &hal_uart1, "uart0",
OS_DEV_INIT_PRIMARY, 0, uart_hal_init, (void *)&uart_cfg[1]);
assert(rc == 0);
} else {
// If the boot pin was used to reboot, select debug uart for bootloader
rc = os_dev_create((struct os_dev *) &hal_uart0, "uart0",
OS_DEV_INIT_PRIMARY, 0, uart_hal_init, (void *)&uart_cfg[0]);
assert(rc == 0);
}
#else
#if MYNEWT_VAL(UART_0)
rc = os_dev_create((struct os_dev *) &hal_uart0, "uart0",
OS_DEV_INIT_PRIMARY, 0, uart_hal_init, (void *)&uart_cfg[0]);
assert(rc == 0);
#endif
#if MYNEWT_VAL(UART_1)
rc = os_dev_create((struct os_dev *) &hal_uart1, "uart1",
OS_DEV_INIT_PRIMARY, 0, uart_hal_init, (void *)&uart_cfg[1]);
assert(rc == 0);
#endif
#endif
#if MYNEWT_VAL(ADC_1)
rc = os_dev_create((struct os_dev *) &my_dev_adc1, "adc1",
OS_DEV_INIT_KERNEL, OS_DEV_INIT_PRIO_DEFAULT,
stm32l432_adc_dev_init, &adc1_config);
assert(rc == 0);
#endif
#if MYNEWT_VAL(TIMER_0)
hal_timer_init(0, TIM15);
#endif
#if MYNEWT_VAL(TIMER_1)
hal_timer_init(1, TIM16);
#endif
#if MYNEWT_VAL(TIMER_2)
hal_timer_init(2, TIM2);
#endif
#if MYNEWT_VAL(OS_CPUTIME_TIMER_NUM) > 0
rc = os_cputime_init(MYNEWT_VAL(OS_CPUTIME_FREQ));
assert(rc == 0);
#endif
#if MYNEWT_VAL(SPI_0_MASTER)
rc = hal_spi_init(0, &spi0_cfg, HAL_SPI_TYPE_MASTER);
assert(rc == 0);
#endif
#if MYNEWT_VAL(SPI_0_SLAVE)
rc = hal_spi_init(0, &spi0_cfg, HAL_SPI_TYPE_SLAVE);
assert(rc == 0);
#endif
#if MYNEWT_VAL(I2C_0)
rc = hal_i2c_init(0, &i2c_cfg0);
assert(rc == 0);
#endif
}
/**
* Returns the configured priority for the given interrupt. If no priority
* configured, return the priority passed in
*
* @param irq_num
* @param pri
*
* @return uint32_t
*/
uint32_t
hal_bsp_get_nvic_priority(int irq_num, uint32_t pri)
{
/* Add any interrupt priorities configured by the bsp here */
return pri;
}
void NMI_Handler() {while(1);}
void HardFault_Handler() {while(1);}
void MemManage_Handler() {while(1);}
void BusFault_Handler() {while(1);}
void UsageFault_Handler() {while(1);}
void WWDG_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void PVD_PVM_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void FLASH_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void RCC_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void EXTI0_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void EXTI1_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void EXTI2_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void EXTI3_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void EXTI4_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void ADC1_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void CAN1_TX_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void EXTI9_5_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void TIM1_BRK_TIM15_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void TIM1_UP_TIM16_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void TIM1_CC_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void TIM2_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void I2C1_EV_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void I2C1_ER_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void SPI1_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void USART1_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void USART2_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void SPI3_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void TIM7_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void DMA2_Channel4_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void DMA2_Channel5_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void COMP_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void LPTIM1_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void LPTIM2_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void USB_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void DMA2_Channel6_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void DMA2_Channel7_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void LPUART1_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void QUADSPI_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void I2C3_EV_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void I2C3_ER_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void SAI1_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void SWPMI1_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void TSC_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void RNG_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void FPU_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
void CRS_IRQHandler () { while(1);};
| 11,548 |
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hector%20Halsband
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Hector Halsband
|
https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hector Halsband&action=history
|
Dutch
|
Spoken
| 277 | 568 |
Hector Halsband (Aarschot, 20 februari 1878 - Antwerpen, 25 juni 1955) was activist en lid van de Raad van Vlaanderen.
Levensloop
Halsband was ambtenaar-vertaler bij het Ministerie van Spoorwegen, Postwezen en Telegrafen maar werd nog voor de Eerste Wereldoorlog afgedankt. Men had sterke vermoedens dat hij had meegewerkt aan een campagne gericht tegen het als te weinig Vlaamsgezind beschouwde beleid van minister Joris Helleputte.
Tijdens de oorlog werd hij lid van de Brusselse vereniging Vrienden der Vlaamsche Zaak en vanaf 1916 sloot hij aan bij Jong-Vlaanderen. Dit bracht mee dat hij lid werd in februari 1917 van de Raad van Vlaanderen en er zetelde in de Commissie Nijverheid en Openbare Werken. Hij evolueerde en stelde zich stilaan op tegen de radicale separatisten van Jong-Vlaanderen om aan te sluiten bij de unionisten, die de voorkeur gaven aan een federaal België. In maart 1917 werd hij afdelingsoverste in het ministerie van wetenschap en kunst.
In november 1918 vluchtte hij naar Nederland, terwijl hij in België bij verstek veroordeeld werd tot twaalf jaar hechtenis. Dankzij de 'uitdovingswet' van 1929 kwam hij naar België terug. Hij werd lid van het VNV en werd redactiesecretaris van de Vlaams-nationalistische kranten De Schelde en De Dag. Hiervoor werd hij na de Tweede Wereldoorlog tot zes jaar gevangenis veroordeeld.
Literatuur
A. L. FAINGNAERT, Verraad of zelfverdediging?, 1933.
C. ROUSSEEUW, In memorial Hector Halsband, in: Vlaanderen, 1955.
Daniel VANACKER, Het aktivistisch avontuur, 1991.
Luc BOEVA, Hector Halsband, in: Nieuwe encyclopedie van de Vlaamse Beweging, Tielt, 1998.
Bruno DAEMS, Leven van een cultureel tussenpersoon. Jules Spincemaille (1882 - 1954) en de Vlaamse Beweging', licentiaatsverhandeling RUG (onuitgegeven), 2004.
Vlaams activist (Eerste Wereldoorlog)
Belgisch collaborateur in de Tweede Wereldoorlog
| 3,038 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21796134
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Category:1813 in Kentucky
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 177 | 513 |
Category:1813 in Kentucky
Wikimedia category
Category:1813 in Kentucky instance of Wikimedia category
Category:1813 in Kentucky category combines topics 1813
Category:1813 in Kentucky category combines topics Kentucky
Category:1813 in Kentucky follows Category:1812 in Kentucky
Category:1813 in Kentucky followed by Category:1814 in Kentucky
زمرہ:کینٹکی میں 1813ء
ویکیمیڈیا زمرہ
زمرہ:کینٹکی میں 1813ء قسم ویکیمیڈیا کا زمرہ
زمرہ:کینٹکی میں 1813ء زمرے کا مشترکہ موضوع 1813ء
زمرہ:کینٹکی میں 1813ء زمرے کا مشترکہ موضوع کینٹکی
زمرہ:کینٹکی میں 1813ء پچھلا زمرہ:کینٹکی میں 1812ء
زمرہ:کینٹکی میں 1813ء اگلا زمرہ:کینٹکی میں 1814ء
تصنيف:1813 في كنتاكي
تصنيف ويكيميديا
تصنيف:1813 في كنتاكي نموذج من تصنيف ويكيميديا
تصنيف:1813 في كنتاكي التصنيف يجمع المواضيع 1813
تصنيف:1813 في كنتاكي التصنيف يجمع المواضيع كنتاكي
تصنيف:1813 في كنتاكي سبقه تصنيف:1812 في كنتاكي
تصنيف:1813 في كنتاكي تبعه تصنيف:1814 في كنتاكي
Catégorie:1813 au Kentucky
page de catégorie de Wikimedia
Catégorie:1813 au Kentucky nature de l’élément page de catégorie d'un projet Wikimédia
Catégorie:1813 au Kentucky sujets associés à la catégorie 1813
Catégorie:1813 au Kentucky sujets associés à la catégorie Kentucky
Catégorie:1813 au Kentucky précédé par Catégorie:1812 au Kentucky
Catégorie:1813 au Kentucky suivi par Catégorie:1814 au Kentucky
| 13,638 |
199500450369
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Licence ouverte
| 1,995 |
ASSOCIATION DES PARENTS DES ANCIENS ELEVES DU CM 2 PAUL-BERT B DE NOGENT-SUR-OISE
|
ASSOCIATIONS
|
French
|
Spoken
| 7 | 14 |
convivialité, rencontres des parents des anciens élèves
| 45,344 |
bpt6k47180808_1
|
French-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
La Petite presse : journal quotidien...
|
None
|
French
|
Spoken
| 7,467 | 11,582 |
LA PETITE PRESSE 15 cent. le numéro ! JOURNAL — QUOTIDIEN — 1 cent. le numéro ABONNEMENTS. — Trois mois. Six MOIS. Prix. Paris 5 fr. 6 fr. 15 fr. — Départements. 8 fr. 22 fr. Administrateur : E. DELSAUX. 4me année. — JEUDI L'AVRIL 1869. — N° 1078 Propriétaire : Rédacteur en chef ; A. IDE BALATHIER - DE GELONNE BUREAUX D'ABONNEMENT : 9, rue GAUDI. (ADMINISTRATION : 13, quai Voltaire. PARIS, 31 MARS 1869 LES DEUX INSTITUTRICES À M. Mézières, Professeur à la Faculté des lettres de Paris. Je viens de recevoir, monsieur, votre volume intitulé "La Société française". Sous ce titre, vous avez réuni une série d'études, — le paysan, l'ouvrier, la bourgeoisie, l'aristocratie, les gens de lettres, — écrites dans un esprit conservateur sans doute, mais en même temps conciliant et libéral. Si vous ne prenez pas le taureau par les cornes, du moins vous le regardez en face. Vos intentions sont excellentes et la plupart de vos observations sont vraies. Ce que je préfère peut-être dans votre revue des problèmes sociaux contemporains, c'est ce que vous dites de l'éducation des femmes. Le trait particulier des Françaises, c'est leur vivacité et la facilité de l'intelligence. Elles saisissent vite, comprennent à mi-mot, répondent nettement aux questions qu'on leur adresse, possèdent à un degré supérieur l'esprit de repartie, qui est l'esprit naturel, et la finesse. Qu'on prenne la plus pauvre, qu'on lui donne une robe de soie et des leçons de maintien, qu'on mette un cabinet de lecture à sa portée, on aura certainement, — ne dirai pas une archiduchesse, mais, au moins, une femme du monde, gracieuse, aimable, et très-capable de bavarder pendant une heure sans trop de déraison. Aura-t-on une ménagère et une mère de famille? Non, à coup sûr. Il faut avoir le courage de l'avouer, nos femmes, — les mieux douées qui sont, grâce au mauvais emploi qu'elles font de leurs facultés, de leurs facultés, sont inférieures aux Allemandes et aux Anglaises. Sommes compagnes et comme mères. Dans un salon, dans un comptoir, dans une loge de théâtre, la Française est la première des femmes. Au logis, elle n'est que la seconde; et, si l'on en cherche la raison, on trouvera que cela tient surtout à l'éducation qu'elle a reçue. Certes, les exceptions sont nombreuses; mais ne devons-nous pas précisément à celles de nos mères et de nos sœurs qui ont su la mission, de la dignité et des devoirs de la femme, — d'être sincères et de ne pas flatter une société par des exceptions? Ce qui manque le plus aux jeunes filles en France, ce sont les goûts vrais et sérieux. On néglige trop d'éveiller en elles l'amour de l'étude, de leur faire lire et apprécier les chefs-d'œuvre de l'esprit humain. Le beau touche au vrai; qui voit grand, voit juste. La science chez nous ne rend pas rai de, et le bas-bleuisme ne tuera jamais la coquetterie. En revanche, une instruction plus solide fera préférer les joies pures et hautes de l'esprit à ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler les plaisirs et le monde. A qui nous adresserons-nous, sinon aux mères, pour redonner de l'énergie et du ressort aux fils? Les femmes fières inspirent à leurs maris leur propre fierté. Si l'homme, sur le point de commettre une capitulation de conscience, était certain de trouver le mépris ou le blâme chez sa compagne, il hésiterait peut-être. Le succès est un but sans doute; mais on le poursuivrait moins par tous les moyens, si l'on savait que l'amour sur lequel on s'appuie ne peut exister sans l'estime. Donc, des femmes chastes, laborieuses, arrivées par l'instruction à la dignité et à la solidité de relations, qui font la force et la tranquillité de la vie, — tel est le meilleur espoir de la société française en voie de transformation. Voilà, monsieur, ce que je vous indique à merveille, ce dont je vous remercie. Maintenant, permettez-moi, en regard des femmes instruites de l'avenir, de mettre sous vos yeux un fait divers qui concerne les institutrices du présent... Le numéro 1,481 du Bulletin des Lois contient un décret, approuvant 69 liquidations de pensions civiles, du 19 février 1869. Parmi ces pensions figurent les deux suivantes : Jeanne Bory, institutrice publique à Billère (Basses-Pyrénées), 35 ans de service, pension : 35 FRANCS ; Marie-Jeanne Delachaux, institutrice publique à Douery (Haute-Marne), 45 ans de service, pension : 70 FRANCS. On m'a reproché de retenir trop souvent, avec trop d'acharnement et d'insistance, sur la question des petits pointements. Prêchez la résignation, m'ont dit de bons esprits, au lieu de vous faire l'écho de la plainte. Eh bien ! non ; je ne me tairai pas, et toujours, quand je trouverai trente-cinq ans de service et 38 francs de pension, je dirai ce que j'ai sur le cœur, et je prendrai parti pour les victimes. A Dieu ne plaise que je sois injuste. J'ai envoyé au ministère de l'instruction publique; j'ai voulu savoir à quoi m'en tenir. Certes, le Bulletin des Lois est une autorité, mais je pouvais n'avoir pas compris. Au ministère, on m'a fait remettre un exemplaire de la nouvelle loi sur l'instruction primaire, promulguée le 10 avril 1867, et j'ai trouvé à la seconde page un article ainsi conçu : "Les institutrices communales sont divisées en deux classes. « Le salaire de la première classe ne peut être inférieur à cinq cents francs, et celui de la seconde à quatre cents francs. » Cinq cents francs et quatre cents francs sont des sommes inférieures aux nécessités de la vie; je ne veux pas oublier néanmoins que les institutrices habitent la campagne pour la plupart et qu'un autre article de la loi enjoint à la commune de leur fournir un local convenable, tant pour leur habitation que pour la tenue de l'école, ainsi que le mobilier de classe. Reste la question des retraites. L'effet de la dernière loi sur les pensions de retraite ne remonte qu'à 1850. Pour avoir droit à une pension équivalente à la moitié du traitement actif, trente ans de service sont nécessaires. Donc, en 1880, les institutrices — qui seront entrées en fonction en 1850 — auront droit à leur pension. Quelque restreint que soit ce progrès, il faut remercier hautement le ministre de l'instruction publique qui l'a su réaliser. Mais, en dehors des institutrices admises au bénéfice de la loi, il y a celles dont les années de service remontent à 1835 ou à 1840, et qui par conséquent se retireront avant 1880. Il a été décidé pour celles-là que elles recevraient la pension à laquelle leur donnerait droit leur service depuis 1850, et que le chiffre de cette pension serait calculé sur la moyenne des six dernières années. Ainsi, une institutrice s'est retirée en 1865; sa pension est calculée sur dix-huit ans d'exercice. Cette pension, à quelques variations près, peut aller à 90 francs. Et si, comme pour mes deux pauvres femmes de tout à l'heure, elle n'atteint même pas ce chiffre ? Il existe au ministère de l'instruction publique un fonds de secours, — secours qui n'ont rien de légal ni d'obligatoire, — mais qui du moins permettent à M. la grand-mère de l'Université de France de compléter, dans une petite mesure, les retraites trop faibles, et qui sauvent de la faim les personnes qui ont appris à lire à nos enfants. J'espère que les deux instituteurs des Alpes et des Pyrénées recevront là-bas une petite part de ce secours. Dans les montagnes, on vit de peu ; encore faut-il qu'on vive. Je ne crois pas que pensée plus désolante que celle-ci puisse assiéger l'esprit : Deux femmes ont instruit les mères, les frères et les petites filles d'un village. Rien, dans le pays, qui n'ait reçu d'elles le bienfait de la lecture et de l'écriture. Et, quand les fermières au coin de leur feu, entourées de leurs enfants, vieilliraient aisées et honorées, — qui se seraient dévouées pendant toute leur vie, n'auraient ni toit pour s'abriter, ni feu pour réchauffer leurs membres, ni aliments pour satisfaire leur faim... Ce serait là un de ces drames de la vie privée qui feraient tache à l'honneur d'un pays et d'une civilisation, drames impossibles, n'est-ce pas? quand on paye trois sous pour un fauteuil d'orchestre pour assister à une première représentation de M. Sardou!... TONY RÉVILLON. ROCAMBOLE LES DÉMOLITIONS DE PARIS PROLOGUE LES AMOURS DU LIMOUSIN XL 40 Sir Wood, landais doublé d'Américain, était un homme froidement audacieux. Sous son regard, d'œil il avait jugé la situation. La fered était un piége qu'on lui avait habilement tendu. VI: l'arrosoi, set, son commissaire du malin, en regardant le soir, Solitude, Muzon et les autres personnes apparaissaient derrière eux, étaient ces amis mystérieux vers lesquels l'homme gris avait tourné les yeux du fond de sa prison. Le message envoyé à miss Ellen était parvenu à son adresse. Voici les numéros à partir du 23 février. Comment ? Sir James Wood ne chercha point à le savoir, il n'avait pas le temps de raisonner; il lui fallait tenir tête à Forage, et l'orage, il le sentait, était menaçant. Pourtant son visage demeura impassible, pas un muscle ne tressaillit, pas un geste d'effroi ne lui échappa. Il eut même aux lèvres un demi-sourire et parut chercher des yeux quel était le chef de cette petite coalition. Marmouset ne lui laissa pas cette peine longtemps, — Sir James Wood, dit-il, vous êtes trop intelligent pour ne pas comprendre. Sir James fit un geste de tête. — Vous êtes en notre pouvoir, continua Marmouset. Sir James jetait autour de lui des regards effrésés. Sir James lui fit un signe qui voulait dire : — Ne crains rien, nous nous en tirerons. Marmouset reprit : — Nous sommes dans un quartier désert. Les fenêtres de cette maison donnent sur un jardin; vainement essayeriez-vous de crier, on ne vous aurait pas entendu. — Je le sais, dit Sir James. Et il ne manifestait aucune émotion. Vous devinez, n'est-ce pas? poursuivit Marmouset, ce que nous attendons de vous. — Je ne devine jamais rien, répondit la détective. — Bien. Alors nous allons vous aider. — Comme il vous plaira. — Vous nous aviez constitué le gardien de miss Ellen Palmure? — Parfaitement. — Et pourtant elle a disparu. Qu'en avez-vous fait? — C'est mon secret. — Le hasard m'ayant appris où elle était, dit Marmouset, je ne vous ferai pas de querelle à son endroit. — Puisque vous le savez, il est parfaitement inutile de me le demander. — Vous avez conduit miss Ellen dans une maison de fous d'abord. Puis vous avez demandé à Londres des nouveaux instructions, que vous avez portées à la préfecture de police, et là, le chef de la sûreté, pressé par l'ambassade d'une part, fort du consentement que lord Palmure envoyait par écrit, a ordonné qu'elle serait transférée à Saint-Lazare. — Tout cela est exact, dit sir James. — Mais, dit Uffuzet, il vous suffit d'écrire un mot, et miss Ellen sera relâchée. — Ces mots, je ne les ai pas criés, dit sir James. — En vérité ! — Je ne me fais pas d'illusion, poursuivit le detective. Vous ne m'avez pas attiré ici pour me laisser aller librement ensuite. Il est même possible que vous m'assassiniez. Seulement, je dois vous prévenir que je serai vengeux. — Ah ! dit Marmouset avec un sourire. — Vous pensez bien, continua sir James en désignant Helen, que ce matin, en voyant monter dans le cabinet du Club de la sécurity, j'ai deviné. Monsieur était l'homme que cherchait miss Ellen, et je n'ai pu éviter un seul instant. — Ah ! ah ! — Je suis venu en France munis de pouvoirs réguliers, et la police française sera aide et appui. Le chef de la sûreté est déjà prévenu. Trois agents sont postés au coin des Champs-Elysées, trois autres à l'autre bout de la rue et m'ont permis d'entrer ici. Maintenant, si vous voulez m'assassiner, dit froidement, sachez que vous devez d'avance. LA CUEILLETTE Je l'avais dit en vérité, la mode se mêle à tout, même à l'amour, même au veuvage. Dans nos contrées, Artémise affiche sa douleur en remontant son chagrin et en portant le deuil six mois durant, et quelquefois plus, si cela lui va bien. Dans les Indes, où règne encore la tradition des temps barbares, la veuve ne se croit pas quitte envers la mémoire du défunt si elle ne se tient toute vive en témoignage de ses regrets. Autre cas, par exemple, chez les sujets de la reine Pomaré, le code du cérémonial du veuvage. Un savant voyageur, M. Max Radiguet, dans le dernier numéro de la Revue scientifique, nous initie à ce côté touchant des mœurs intimées du beau sexe fépulien. La scène se passe entre M. Radiguet, un lieutenant de vaisseau nommé Haroia, un Gérois abandonné sur l'île et servant d'interprète, et Vanea, fille de Panaao, l'un des notables de l'île. Harold a demandé à Vanoa : Si je mourais, serais-tu joyeuse ou pleurerais-tu? et Vanoa lui répond, comme si elle psalmodiait des versets : Fenani (Français), fenani, si tu mourais, je te pleurerais longtemps, longtemps, et je pleurerais ma chair avec des coquilles pointues et des dents de requin ; je te couvrirais d'une tape (étoffe fine fabriquée avec l'écorce du mûrier à papier), et je m'endormirais près de toi en roulée dans cette tape, puis je te mettrais dans le paha (cercueil en forme de pirogue), le paha à côté de moi sur ma natte, et, la nuit, je frotterais ton corps avec de l'huile de coco parfumée, et en chantant les chants de la mort. Fenani, si fenani, quand ton esprit aurait tout à fait quitté ton corps, je mettrais tes ongles à mon col, tes dents à mes oreilles, tes cheveux clairs à mes mains et à mes pieds, ta barbe au pigne (coiffe en plume), un de tes os sculpté au manche de mon éventail.... L'interprète traduisait à mesure. — Bon! dis-je, vous allez voir qu'elle finira par couvrir de votre peau les tamtams des fêtes publiques. Un utilitaire n'imaginerait pas mieux. Le Génois transmet la supposition. — Non, répondit Vanoa avec l'imperturbable sérieux de la candeur, non, elle serait trop fine; celles du requin ou du calmar de mer sont plus fortes et valent mieux. Après tout, nous qui nous étonnons de cette singulière façon de porter le deuil de l'osier aimé, nous voyons tous les jours chez nous des coutumes presque aussi bizarres et sur lesquelles l'habitude a durci les yeux. Exemple, ce dialogue populaire sténographié par "JEAN DE PARIS", dans l'Incidence Bégède : Dans certaines classes, on a conservé l'usage des rapports de funérailles chers aux Romains, et au sortir du cimetière on se met volontiers à table. Or ça, drôle bravo citoyen qui n'y entendait pas malice étaient l'autre jour arrêtés sur l'esplanade des Invalides, causant entre eux. Et comme je passais : — Comment ! fit l'un, ce pauvre X... est mort ! — Mon Dieu, oui, c'est demain le convoi. — Ah ! à quel restaurant l'enterre-t-on ? Parlez-moi de ces pauvres Américains digne émule d'Hercule et du père Grandet, qui veulent, par un irait de génie, de contrer les égards dont sont couverts les cendres (on les traita avec l'attachement qu'on doit à ses êtres chers). Voici l'histoire, telle qu'elle nous la raconte un voyageur arrivé d'Amérique : Un riche propriétaire de New-York apprend que son fils, qui voyageait en Californie, est mort au retour d'une exploration dans les placerts. Aussitôt il prend passage sur un navire en partance pour San-Francisco. Arrivé dans cette ville, il se rend à l'hôtel où logeait son fils, pénètre dans la chambre mortuaire et donne, aux yeux des assistants, profondément émue, les signes du plus grand désespoir. Après ces témoignages de douleur, il songe à faire transporter le corps dans sa ville natale. En conséquence, il se rend auprès d'un capitaine d'un paquebot à vapeur, qui lui demande une somme que notre Crésus trouve exorbitante. Celui-ci ne pouvant se résigner à dépenser tant d'argent, recourt à l'ingénieux moyen que voici : Il fait exhumer le cadavre, enterré depuis peu de jours, le coupe par morceaux et le tasse dans un tonneau, en ayant soin de le saler pour en assurer la conservation. Cette opération faite, il place le colis sur une brouette, et le conduit lui-même au port. Là, il déclare que le baril renferme de la salaison et le fait enregistrer sous le titre : tonneau de morue. Mais à New-York, où la douane est aussi sévère pour les exportations que pour les importations, on vérifie le contenu et on constate qu'il renferme les quartiers d'un corps humain. Tableau !!!... Tels sont les faits résultant de l'enquête ouverte par les magistrats. Ce qu'on croyait d'abord un horrible attentat n'était qu'une affaire d'économie. Terminons cette courte sépulture par quelque chose de plus folâtre. C'est au Monde illustré que j'emprunte cette petite scène de famille, jouée comme la précédente, entre un père et son fils, mais où domine l'élément comique. X..., un limonadier connu au boulevard, a un fils dont il désire faire son successeur. Il a eu malheureusement l'imprudence de le faire élever au collège, ce qui explique que le jeune homme se oppose avec résistance à la profession paternelle. Mais X... est entêté et il insiste. L'autre jour encore, frond conflit. — Non, décidément, s'écriait le fils, jamais je ne m'habituerai à porter une serviette sous mon bras. Était-tu naïf, ô tendre père, fais comme j'ai fait moi-même. Habitue-toi à vivre avec des mots de poche!... LE FIACRE PROVIDENTIEL Tout en se promenant à la foire au pain d'épice, faubourg Saint-Antoine, un entrepreneur de menuiserie, le sieur Ernest P... et fait de fréquentes stations chez les marchands de vins, et l'ivresse commence à le gagner, lorsqu'il entre dans la baraque d'un saltimbanque. Là, tout en se réjouissant à la vue des tours de force des hébreux et des lutteurs, il entame une conversation avec une jeune femme avec laquelle il sortit de la baraque, et qu'il accompagna chez elle. Le soir, vers cinq heures, un fiacre amène à son domicile Ernest P..., il était dans un état complet d'ivresse. Son concierge et le cocher l'aidèrent à monter à sa chambre, puis on le coucha et il s'endormit profondément. Le lendemain matin, à son réveil, il ne retrouva plus son porte-monnaie qui contenait trois cent cinquante francs, ni sa chaîne, ni sa montre en or. Il se souvint bien de son aventure, mais il lui fut impossible de se rappeler en quel lieu il avait été conduit par la femme qui, sans doute, l'avait dévalisé. Hier, passant rue de Rivoli, Ernest P... est hélé par un cocher. — Eh! bourgeois, ça va mieux, aujourd'hui? — Pourquoi me demandez-vous ça ? — C'est moi qui vous ai ramené, vous étiez bien. Oh ! je ne réclame rien, on m'a bien payé ma course. — Alors vous savez où vous m'avez pris ? — Je vais vous y conduire, si vous voulez. — Oui, mais d'abord menez-moi chez le commissaire. Le magistrat, mis au courant de l'affaire, et deux de ses agents et Ernest P..., guidés par le cocher, arrivèrent bientôt devant une maison isolée du cours de Vincennes. — L'autre jour, déclara le cocher, un homme est venu me chercher à la station des fortifications, m'a amené ici, puis, soutenu par une femme, M. P... est sorti de cette maison. On m'a donné son adresse imprimée en me disant de le conduire à son domicile. C'est ce que j'ai fait. Ernest P.. se rappela que son porte-monnaie contenait plusieurs de ses cartes. Ayant pénétré dans la maison indiquée, qui est sans portier, le commis-prise découvrit, dans un logement au rez-de-chaussée, la femme qu'il cherchait, une nommée Marie S..., que reconnurent aussitôt Ernest et le cocher. Elle avoua sans hésiter qu'elle avait reçu chez elle l'entrepreneur de menuiserie; mais elle nia lui avoir pris son argent et sa montre. Malheureusement pour elle, la perquisition opérée dans le domicile de Marie S..., a mené à la découverte du porte-monnaie, dans lequel étaient encore 200 fr., de la chaussure et de la montre, qui étaient cachés dans un pot à fleurs. — Un Individu nommé V..., — celui qui était allé chercher le fiacre, — a été arrêté comme complice de Marie, et tous deux ont été conduits à la justice. P. LE LAVEMENT DES PIEDS DES APOTRES Nous trouvons dans une correspondance adressée de Rome à la Liberté les curieux détails qu'on va lire sur cette cérémonie légendaire, célébrée le Jeudi Saint: Tandis que le canon grondait sur les bastions du château de Saint-Ange et que les intérieurs militaires lançaient leurs fanfares, Pie IX descendit à Saint Pierre pour le lavement des pieds. Cette cérémonie se fait dans la nef de droite de la basilique. Ceux qui représentent les apôtres sont treize prêtres de différentes nations; chaque ambassadeur a le droit d'en désigner un. Le pape leur lave un pied, le droit, le baise et leur donne en même temps un bouquet et une médaille d'or d'une valeur de 16 écus romains (85 francs). Après le lavement des pieds, le pontife se repose un peu et prend une tasse de consommé, et les apôtres montent dans la salle supérieure du portique de la basilique, où une somptueuse table est préparée pour eux. Le saint-père les rejoint bientôt, et la Cène commence. Les cardinaux diacres attachent autour du corps du pontife un tablier garni de dentelle, lui mettent en main une cuiller, et un monsignor lui apporte une grande soupière pleine de soupe (la soupe maigre), qu'il distribue à pleine assiette aux apôtres. Après la soupe, le saint-père verse du vin aux apôtres, leur passe trois plats : poissons et légumes, les bénit, et quitte la salle pour aller dîner à son tour. Les apôtres restent encore une heure à table, servis par des monsignori ; et ce qu'ils ne peuvent manger, on le leur donne dans des corbeilles qu'on fait porter chez eux. Tout cela est fort intéressant à voir; aussi les étrangers, les femmes en particulier, s'y portent-ils en foule. Hier, chose assez rare, il était impossible de circuler dans Saint-Pierre au moment du lavement des pieds. Plus de cinquante mille personnes se pressaient, c'est le mot, dans l'immense temple et dans la salle où avait lieu la Cène. TEMPS PROBABLE Jeudi 1er avril Il y a eu ce matin une légère hausse barométrique, mais le temps reste extrêmement variable. Ciel. FAITS DIVERS PARIS Toute la famille de l'ex-reine Isabelle va se trouver réunie à Paris. La reine Marie-Christine, sa Mère, est arrivée hier, et on attend aujourd'hui sa fille et son gendre, le comte et la comtesse Girgenti. Les dispositions requisaient-elles sur l'eau? On ne signale le profond désespoir de la dame V..., demeurant rue de Sèvres, n. 8, dont le mari, professeur de mathématiques, a disparu de chez elle, avant-hier soir, vers six heures, et n'est pas encore rentré à la maison. M. V... paraissait ne pas jouir, depuis quelque temps, de toutes ses facultés. Sa femme, d'après l'ordre du médecin, devait le surveiller activement. C'est pendant une courte absence de celle-ci que le professeur prit la clé des champs. M. le commissaire de police du quartier a immédiatement adressé un rapport au préfet sur cette disparition. — A. B. Nous ne saurions trop signaler à l'indignation générale les fils assez impies pour porter la main sur leurs mères. La dame D..., demeurant rue Constantin, ayant eu, avant-hier soir, devoir faire des observations à son fils Gustave, jeune homme de 22 ans, sur sa funeste habitude de rentrer tard au logis, celui-ci commença par l'insulter, puis il la frappa au visage. La dame D... cria au secours, et plus elle criait, plus son fils redoublait les coups. Il l'a même jusqu'à terrasser sa mère et à lui serrer le col. Il faut croire, par pudeur, que le sieur Gustave D... ne possédait pas complètement sa raison pour s'être ainsi oublié. La dame D... a fait appeler un sergent de ville, qui a conduit au poste, pour l'y consigner, cet enfant démenti. A. B. Un inconnu d'une mise convenable et même d'un extérieur distingué, dit la Presse, se présenta avant-hier, vers cinq heures du soir, au quartier de l'École-Militaire, en demandant un artilleur nommé Alfred R..., ordonnance d'un capitaine. Lorsqu'il fut en présence du soldat, l'inconnu pria celui-ci de le conduire chez son officier, auquel il avait, dit-il, une communication à faire. Arrivé au logement du capitaine, situé avenue de Lamotte-Piquet, l'ordonnance, n'y trouvant pas le capitaine, laissa l'inconnu seul pendant quelques instants dans le salon, puis descendit avec lui pour aller chercher l'officier à son restaurant. Lorsqu'ils furent tous les deux au bas de l'escalier, l'individu pria l'artilleur de lui prêter la clé de sa montre pour remonter la sienne ; mais une fois en possession de cet objet, il enleva prestement la montre d'argent de l'ordonnance et prit la fuite. Le soldat le poursuivit en criant au voleur! dans la direction du Champ-de-Mars, et plusieurs personnes se joignirent à lui ; mais, au premier détour, l'inconnu fit un crochet et devint invisible. En revenant dans la chambre du capitaine, l'ordonnance s'aperçut que plusieurs objets déposés sur la cheminée en avaient disparu. Le voleur, s'étant assis près de la cheminée de l'appartement le plus naturel du monde, avait adroitement fait passer ces objets dans les poches de son paletot. "ils viendront à mon aide et me redemanderont mort ou vivant." Milon eut un geste d'inquiétude. Mais Marmouset se prit à rire : "Vous êtes un homme de sans-froid, sir John, dit-il, et vous avez imaginé cette histoire soluble à un petit roman ; car c'est un roman..." — Vous croyez? — Je le crois et le prouve. — Comment? — Vous êtes sorti ce matin avec Milon, de ce fait le chef de la sûreté. — Cela est vrai. — Vous n'avez donc pas pu lui communiquer vos soupçons. D'ailleurs, vous n'aviez pas de soupçons. — J'avais vu le chef de la sûreté dans la journée." — Non, si James, car je vous ai fait suivre et je vais vous dire l'emploi de votre temps depuis ce matin. — Vous me le direz, le m'a répondu Sir James. Mais Marmouset l'a repris : — Nous n'avons pas le temps de nous amuser aux niaiseries. J'ai un ennemi de faire interrogatoire à Ellen de Saint-Lazare. Hasons Ellen et participons à l'enquête et le sonu. Vous ne savez ce que vous en avez fait, Sir James, et il faut nous le dire. Sir James haussa les épaules. — Vous ne le saurez pas, dit-il. — Bah ! reprit Marmouset, nous savons bien des choses déjà. D'abord celle-ci : vous êtes un février apostat, vendu à l'Anglais. Cette fois, Sir James perdit un peu de son assurance, et on le vit légèrement pâleur. — Or, poursuivit Marmouset, vous savez quel sort épouvantable est réservé au février qui trahit ses frères. Les lois mystérieuses qui régissent l'association disent ceci : « Le frère qui aura trahi sera poursuivi et amené devant un tribunal qui le condamnera à mort. On commencera par lui couper la langue, puis les mains et les pieds, et on lui crèvera les yeux ; puis, on le laissera mourir de faim. » Est-ce ce que vous appelez une punition, Sir James ? — Très-exact, dit le détective. Or, poursuivit Marmouset, nous avons les moyens de vous envoyer en Irlande, comme un colis de messageries, et de vous livrer à ceux que vous avez trahis. Refuserez-vous encore de nous dire où est l'Irlandaise et son enfant ? — Je refuserai, dit sir James, et je refuse parce que la répercussion de ma trahison, conséquence logique et bien humaine, vous en conviendrez, est une haine violente pour mes anciens amis. — Vous êtes un homme bien trempé, sir James. Mais peut-être nous passerons-nous encore de vous, car nous savons un nom : Chapparot. Sir James tressaillit, et Marmouset le remarqua. — Chapparot ! s'écria Jean le Boucher ; je le connais ! c'est un charbonnier. Si c'est lui... Sir James avait retrouvé son impassibilité première, mais pas assez vite pour que Marmouset n'eût saisi l'émotion imperceptible qu'il avait éprouvée. Et se tournant vers ses compagnons, Marmouset leur dit : — Nous allons causer là-bas ; venez. Sir James, voici votre prison. Et ils se dirigèrent vers la porte. Sir James et Smith ne bougèrent. — Ils croient m'effrayer, dit sir James quand la porte se fut refermée, mais ils n'y parviendront pas. — En attendant, nous sommes prisonniers... dit Smith. Et il montra les fenêtres cadenassées. — Qu'est-ce que cela pour toi ? N'as-tu pas tes outils ? — Pardonne ! Mais comme Smith disait cela, il trébucha et jeta un cri. — Hein ? fit sir James. Et il trébucha à son tour. Alors ces deux hommes, de sang-froid jusqu'alors, se regardèrent avec une mystérieuse épouvante. Le parquet, machiné sans doute dans la journée, comme un plancher de théâtre, descendait lentement sous eux, grâce à un ressort qu'on avait fait mourir dans la pièce voisine. Le sol descendait, et les fenêtres, les portes semblaient monter lentement, au fur et à mesure. Et le sol descendait toujours, et sir James et Smith le serrurier comprirent avec terreur qu'ils allaient s'abîmer dans quelque profondeur inconnue... PONSON DU TERRAIL. (La suite à demain.) tel nommé très Firon (Charles-Edmond) et Roté (Midiel Joseph) viennent d'être transférés à la Conciergerie pour y atteindre leur comparution devant la cour d'assises de la Seine, qui aura lieu le 13 avril prochain. Ils sont accusés, le premier, de l'assassinat de Céline Nagy, domestique de M. de Tessier, rue Mont Thabor, le second, de s'être rendu complice du vol commis par Firon après le crime. Firon a avoué le crime, mais il prétend ne l'avoir pas prémédité. Il serait allé, dit-il, chez Céline Nagy, sans autre but que de lui demander de l'argent; elle lui aurait répondu par un refus formel et par de vifs reproches sur sa conduite. La colère l'aurait emporté, il aurait saisi le couteau qui se trouvait fortuitement dans sa poche et il l'aurait frappée. C'est alors seulement que la pensée du vol lui serait venue et qu'il aurait eu, dit-il, la faiblesse d'y céder. Rozé soutient qu'il ignorait la provenance des objets dont il a disposé et qu'il croyait la légitime propriété de son ami Firon. À la suite d'une altercation survenue après une partie de jeu, dans un de nos principaux cercles, une rencontre devint nécessaire entre deux membres de ce club, un Allemand, l'autre Français. Le combat a eu lieu lundi matin à Meudon. Il avait été décidé tout d'abord que l'on se battrait à l'épée, mais le gentilhomme allemand, qui avait le choix des armes, exigea que l'on se battit au sabre, la seule arme qu'il connaissait. Après un court engagement, notre compatriote a été attaqué à l'épaule droite par un violent coup de sabre, qui après lui avoir fait une large blessure, le fit gémir, et, du même coup, lui fit une entaille à l'avant-bras. Le combat dut cesser immédiatement. Les témoins du gentilhomme allemand étaient le prince de L... et M. B... Ceux de son adversaire, M. le baron de la B... et M. de L... La dame au sujet de laquelle MM. Olonga et de la Jara se sont battus en duel vient d'entrer dans un couvent. M. Payen, raconte le Moniteur, en montant en voiture, s'était fait une plaie au tibia. Il a dû être opéré vendredi par M. Nélaton, qui a déclaré à la séance de l'Académie que l'accident n'aurait pas de suite fâcheuse, que M. Payen était dans un meilleur état de santé, qu'il n'avait pas quitté ses travaux, et qu'il pourferait reprendre ses habitudes ordinaires de vie d'ici à quelques jours. On savait, dit le Gaulois, que le baron de Rothschild avait laissé une fortune colossale; mais il a fallu plusieurs mois pour en connaître au juste le chiffre, car le financier possédait de sombres propriétés, des mines, des exploitations dans toutes les parties du monde. Les héritiers ne connaissaient que depuis quelques jours le chiffre exact : il s'élève à près de 1700 millions. DÉPARTEMENTS ET COLONIES Une vieille femme de quatre-vingt-dix-neuf ans, dit le Journal de la Ville, la nommée Marie Fouquault, née et domiciliée à Charroux, étant occupée mardi dernier à ramasser du bois mort près d'un fossé situé à l'entrée de la commune, fit un faux pas et tomba dans l'eau du fossé, assez profonde, où elle ne tarda pas à se noyer. Ce qu'il y a de plus triste à dire, c'est qu'au moment où les gendarmes sont arrivés, plusieurs personnes réunies près du fossé regardaient tranquillement le corps plongé dans l'eau sans chercher à le retirer, et que la fille ne serait peut-être sauvée si l'un des témoins de l'accident, arrivé au moment où l'asphyxie n'était pas complète, avait eu le courage de se mettre à l'eau pour la retirer, ce qui lui était très facile et ne lui aurait fait courir d'autre danger que celui d'un mal de cerveau. Vu journal, le Cadet Roussel de Bordeaux, était poursuivi par Mlle Rose-Marie, pour diffamation. Le tribunal a condamné le gendre 18 jours de prison et 25 fr. d'amende, l'imprimeur à 50 fr., tous deux solidairement à 500 fr. de dommages-intérêts. Qu'est-ce qu'en a dit Mlle Rose-Marie, artiste lyrique? Dimanche, 14 mars, la paroisse d'Oullier avait sa première communion. Comme le matin, avant la messe, on se demandait à l'église pourquoi l'une des jeunes filles, qui s'était préparée, manquait à l'appel ; ses parents vinrent tout en pleurs prévenir M. le curé que, la veille au soir, en revenant, après avoir reçu l'absolution, et sautant, riant, toute joyeuse, près d'une pièce d'eau du jardin, y était tombée par mégarde, et, se trouvant seule alors, n'avait pu être secourue à temps. Survenu en de si tristes circonstances, cet événement a produit une vive impression sur toute la paroisse, qui était déjà sous l'influence des émotions ordinaires d'un beau jour. Aussi le lendemain, au moment des funérailles, était-ce un deuil public et un vrai triomphe pour la jeune défunte, dont les habits de fête s'étaient tout de suite changés en vêtements funèbres. Le cercueil était couvert de couronnes de fleurs; à côté brûlait le cierge de première communion qui devait écarter un jour de joie et qui éclairait un jour de larmes. Puis, au milieu d'une nombreuse assistance, se déroulait, comme une guirlande blanche, la suite des jeunes filles de la première communion. Toutes, avec leur robe de la veille, avaient voulu accompagner jusqu'à la tombe leur jeune et bonne compagne, qui les avait sitôt quittées pour les précéder au ciel. (La Semaine catholique de Lyon.) ÉTRANGER La Petite Presse a raconté, dans un de ses derniers numéros, l'acte d'agression dont un avocat de Bruxelles, M. L..., avait été l'objet de la part d'un officier, à la suite d'une plaidoirie dans une affaire de divorce. L'Etonnement de Tournai donne, sur les causes de cette agression, les renseignements suivants : Un employé d'un de nos ministères a cru devoir repousser par la voie du divorce sa femme, dont il avait à se plaindre; comme moyen de divorce, il invoquait l'inconduite de sa moitié, qui passait une forte partie de son existence à cheval, dans la société d'un officier des guides, M. V... L'autre se plaidait samedi, et M. V. était mêlé comme témoin avec deux ou trois de ses camarades du régiment. M. L-, l'avocat du mari, frisait valoir les griefs de son client et exposait que Mme L, après des cavalcades infiniment prolongées, rentrait chez elle passé minuit. L'officier témoin affirmait, lui, que Mme L n'était jamais rentrée après dix heures ; c'est là-dessus que l'avocat L, humant l'habitude de l'officier et l'inexactitude de ses assertions, fut maltraité comme nous l'avons dit. Cette affaire cause à Bruxelles une sensation énorme. On écrit de Calais, 29 mars, à la Presse. La grande revue des volontaires anglais, à Douvres, qui a eu lieu aujourd'hui, a été l'occasion d'une excursion de cinq cents de ces volontaires à Calais. Après avoir passé le jour de Pâques dans notre ville, ils se sont répartis pour Douvres au milieu d'une tempête affreuse qui a causé bien des histoires, entre autres la perte d'une frégate anglaise de douze canons, venue en rade de Douvres pour le simulacre d'attaque des forts et du château. Le même jour un trois-mâts a fait naufrage. Le navire est totalement perdu, mais l'équipage, sauf deux marins, est parvenu à se sauver. À New-York, la police a établi des lieux de refuge pour les malheureux qui se trouvent sans asile pendant la nuit. Durant l'année dernière, 93,071 personnes y ont trouvé un abri hospitalier, si l'on peut appeler ainsi ces bouges infectés. Écoutez plutôt ce que raconte un feuilletoniste américain qui les a visités : "L'air qu'on y respire est suffocant et chargé des sensographies les plus variées. D'une salle qui contient vingt personnes, plus de cinquante ont été encastrées. Comment peuvent-elles vivre douze heures dans une pareille atmosphère ? Un seul bec de gaz répand des lueurs douteuses sur les formes fantastiques que l'on aperçoit çà et là. Comme il fait très chaud dans ces refuges, les dorures des deux sexes sont en chemise. Ici un nègre se chauffe à la flamme fumante du charbon de terre. Là, dans un coin, trois drôles s'entretiennent du coup qu'ils feront le lendemain." Un homme entre, il est salué par la foule. C'est le professeur des voleurs et des assassins, ah ! quelles ruses il tisse, dit-on, toutes les ruses qui font échapper à l’œil vigilant de la police ? À part cela, sa conduite est irréprochable. À sept heures et demie du matin, un agent ouvre la porte et annonce en hiver le lever de l'aurore. Celui qui ne se lève pas aussitôt reçoit sur la 16e un coup de bâton. Tous sortent, mais tous ne sont pas mis en liberté, car les policiers examinent les passants et arrêtent les suspects. Le vapeur à hélice Leda, allant d'Opport à Londres, est entré à Plymouth pour faire du charbon. Il avait à bord les survivants de l'équipage du vapeur Italie qui s'est perdu dans la traversée de Toulon à Liverpool. Le 20 de ce mois, à deux heures de l'après-midi, ce navire toucha une roche entre deux eaux, à 12 milles du cap Finistère, et en peu d'instants coula par l'avant. Il avait à bord trente-neuf hommes d'équipage et trois passagers; vingt-six hommes et les trois passagers ont péri. En Amérique, un petit cheval noir, le Prince, appartenant à M. Thompoun, vient de mourir à 39 ans; il était connu dans toute la contrée comme excellent cheval de trait. Les infections ne lui avaient pas fait perdre sa vigueur; deux jours encore avant de mourir, il prenait de folles ébats comme un poulain. Il fut enterré au pied du mont Washington avec les honneurs dus à un phénomène; le corps était traîné par six chevaux blancs; quarante de ses compagnons d'écurie suivaient, menés à la main par des grooms. Un monument en marbre va être élevé sur le lieu où reposent ses restes. Le Courrier des Etats-Unis raconte le fait suivant : M. Peter Me Nally passait en voiture dans Atlantic avenue, à Brooklyn. En arrivant près de Clove Road, le cheval fait un écart, et l'équipage roule en bas d'un talus assez profond. Pendant que M. Me Nally cherchait vainement à se dépêtrer, il voit venir trois passants et les appelle à son aide. Ceux-ci descendent au bas du talus, retrouvent et vident tranquillement les poches de M. Me Nally, puis s'éloignent sans plus se soucier de ses cris. QUADRUPLE ASSASSINAT D'AMANZÉ Nous recevons de notre correspondant de Charolles la nouvelle d'un crime horrible qui a été commis dans le canton de La Clayette. Dans la nuit du 27 au 28 courant, le sieur François Panier, journalier, âgé de cinquante et un ans, demeurant à Amanzé, s'arma d'une hache et se précipita avec fureur sur deux de ses propres enfants, qu'il massacra. Ces deux premières victimes étaient un petit garçon de cinq ans et une petite fille âgée de trois ans. Un autre de ses enfants a reçu plusieurs coups de hache. Le sieur Chizel, entendant des cris, alla pour porter secours; mais au moment où il se montra, le meurtrier se jeta sur lui et le tua. Le sieur Chizel était père de famille, il était veuve et il laisse quatre enfants. La brigade de gendarmerie de La Clayette est arrivée sur les lieux dans la matinée du 8, pour procéder à l'arrestation du meurtrier, dont plusieurs courageux habitants auraient fini par se rendre maîtres. On prétend que François Panier n'a résisté que sous l'influence d'une attaque de folie furieuse ; c'est, du reste, ce que l'enquête commencée nous fera bientôt connaître. Nous tiendrons, jour par jour, nos lecteurs au courant des suites de ce drame sanglant. CORRESPONDANCE À M. Tony Révillon, à LA PETITE PRESSE Paris, le 27 mars 1869. Monsieur, Aujourd'hui seulement, on me communique votre article inséré dans le numéro du 23 mars. Vous forme de lettres, du dixième arrondissement et dans lequel vous signalez la situation misérable de deux enfants ont demandé l'aumône dans le faubourg Saint-Martin. Vous demandez que la bienveillance de l'administration vienne en aide à la mère de ces enfants, et que ceux-ci soient envoyés dans nos écoles communales. Sincèrement vôtre, Le rédacteur. Je suis toujours disposé à soulager, autant que je le puis, les misères qui me sont signalées. Je regrette donc que, dans votre pensée charitable, vous ne soyez pas informé de l'adresse de cette femme. Le manque absolu d'indication à cet égard me laisse peu d'espoir de la retrouver; d'autant plus que j'ai souvent constaté par moi-même que la mendicité est presque toujours exercée dans le dixième arrondissement par des indigents habitant les arrondissements les plus annexés à l'ancien Paris. Néanmoins, si je puis retrouver les traces de cette femme, vous pouvez être assuré, Monsieur, que la mère inscrite au bureau de bienfaisance, si elle habite le dixième arrondissement, et que les enfants seront envoyés dans nos écoles. Permettez-moi d'ajouter, Monsieur, que l'organisation intérieure des bureaux de bienfaisance est telle que la sollicitude de l'administrateur vient en aide à l'indigent dans toutes les circonstances de la vie. Je vous remercie, Monsieur, de votre lettre et de la confiance que vous m'accordez. Je vous souhaite, etc., etc., Le Maire: Thibaudeau. LA DAME AUX AVENTURES Paris qui s'amuse n'a certainement pas oublié M. H., ayant, sur le petit théâtre de la Tour d'Avègne, vu plutôt mal que bien, dans le rôle d' Hermione, une tragédienne étrangère dont le nom, un des plus beaux de l'aristocratie hongroise, fut pour nous, en pareil lieu, l'objet d'une grande curiosité et d'une juste grande surprise. Il y a de cela trois ou quatre ans, sauf erreur. Depuis lors, depuis ce formidable saut mémorable, la noble artiste fit le plongeon très propre, et l'on n'entendait plus parler de Mme la comtesse B. Mais la voici revenue sur l'eau, l'eau de Seine, et, s'il faut en croire le Sport, qui signale sa présence à Paris, cette dame, après sa brusque disparition, aurait fort bien employé son temps. Etranges ses aventures et curieuses ses métamorphoses. De Montmartre aux Pyrénées, le lendemain de son échec, elle ne fit qu'un saut. Une étoile la menait. Ses aptitudes dramatiques, que la France avait méconnues, furent mieux appréciées en Espagne, à Madrid. Elle charma, dit-on, la ville et la cour, et même son dernier, son savoir, sa haute naissance, lui concilient d'augustes sympathies. Comme elle goûtait les joies de ce premier triomphe, un orage éclata en Castille, celui dont Prim et Serrano avaient assemblé les nuages : guerre civile, révolte magistrale, et bientôt la chute de la dynastie. Au premier bruit de canon, la comtesse, qui peut-être n'avait pas encore joué les travestis, endossa le costume masculin, ceignit l'épée et courut au feu. C'est ainsi que, de Montmartre aux Pyrénées, Biribi s'illustra. LES MÉMOIRES DE BIRIBI XIII APRÈS LE DÉPART Deux valets allaient et venaient, apportant force paquets, et aidés par un troisième personnage qui semblait jouir, dans la maison, d'une grande liberté d'allure, nous pourrions même dire d'une grande autorité de paroles... Il portait un costume de velours bleu foncé, une casquette à bordeaux de loutre, et la médaille de cuivre qui pendait accrochée à une boutonnière de sa veste disait éloquemment à tous qu'il appartenait à la respectable corporation des commissaires. Il n'avait fallu qu'un coup d'oeil à Paul pour reconnaître Biribi sous cet accoutrement, d'ailleurs lui aurait particulièrement fallu, après tout, il était naturel que Biribi voulut rester jusqu'au dernier moment auprès et c'était quant au déguisement qu'il fit, social uni des ses vieilles habitudes.
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fz185py8723_1
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Open Government
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Various open data
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Interim Report of the Group to the Committee on Trade and Development
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None
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English
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Spoken
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COM .TD/D/3
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON RESTRICTED 25 February 1966
TARIFFS AND TRADE Limited Distribution
Committee on Trade and Development
Group on Expansion of Trade Among
Less-Developed Countries
INTERIM REPORT OF THE GROUP TO THE COMMITTEE
ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT
1. The Group was established by the Committee on Trade and Development in
March 1965, and was instructed to examine problems involved in the expansion of
trade among less-developed countries, with particular reference to the rôle of
preferences in this regard, and to perform certain related tasks. The full
terms of reference of the Group are given in Annex I to this report.
2. The Group held its first meeting in June 1965, and the discussion at that
meeting was summarized in a secretariat note (COM.TD/D/2), which was transmitted
to the Committee and discussed at its meetings in July and December 1965
(COM.TD/10 and 12). The comments made by the Committee on these occasions have
served as further guidance for the Group in the pursuance of the tasks entrusted
to it.
3. The Group had before it certain documents specially prepared for it,
including a background note on past discussions of the subject (COM.TD/D/W/2),
and a general review of trade among developing countries (COM.TD/D/W/3), as well
as a pilot study, as referred to in paragraph 3 of the Group's terms of reference
(COM.TD/D/W/1).
Preferences
4. In discussing the rôle of preferences among developing countries in
promoting their mutual trade, the Group had before it two proposals which had
been submitted to the Committee on the Legal and Institutional Framework, and
remitted to the Committee on Trade and Development. The first of the proposals,
submitted by the United Arab Republic, envisaged the establishment of general
preferences among less-developed countries and the other, submitted by the United
States, related to preferential arrangements among countries in the same
geographic or economic region. These proposals provided a starting point for the
Group's deliberations and the questions raised on them and answers provided by
the proposing delegations, as well as certain general and specific comments on
their various elements, are summarized in the notes annexed hereto (see Annex II). COM.TD/D/3
Page 2
5. The Group was aware that the value of the exchange of preferences among
less-developed countries in increasing the foreign exchange earnings if these
countries, and in diversifying their economies had been widely recognized in
past discussions in GATT. There had also been a largo measure of agreement on
the principle involved in the granting of such preferences, even though views on
the exact form of the preferential arrangements to be adopted had tended to differ.
The discussion in the Group has led it to the unanimous conclusion that the
establishment of preferences among less-developed countries, appropriately
administered and subject to the necessary safeguards, can make an important con-
tribution to the expansion of trade among less-developed countries and to the
attainment of the objectives of the General Agreement. The general view of the
less-developed countries, as reflected in the discussions in the Group, is that
such preferences should be granted and applied on a non-discriminatory basis and
that less-developed countries should be in a position to exchange preferences
with other less-developed countries in general and not only in the context of
regional schemes of integration. Some delegations held the view that any
preferential agreements proposed should be examined by the CONTRACTING PARTIES
and they felt that it was desirable to censure that any preferences extended should
provide a reasonable expectation of increased productivity through the enlargement
of markets for the products concerned. Many other delegations pointed out that
the value of preferences in expanding trade among developing countries would also
be affected by other considerations, including those relating to balance-of-payments
difficulties.
6. It was also the general view that the establishment of such preferences
should most appropriately be the subject of negotiations between developing
countries. In such exchange of reciprocal preferences due account would be taken
of the different stages of economic development of the negotiating partners.
7. The Group further noted that, while the negotiation of any preferential,
arrangements among less-developed countries must be the responsibility of the less-
developed countries themselves, adequate provision should be made to ensure that
the interests of the other contracting parties are not unnecessarily damaged.
8. The Group felt that, before attempting to draw up specific legal provisions,
or formulae for the exchange if preferences, it would be helpful to see what
concrete proposals or arrangements might in practice be made or negotiated by
less-developed countries acting within the spirit of Part IV. The representatives
of the less-developed countries stated that they proposed to enter into exploratory
talks at an carly date. The Group recommends that arrangements should be made for
the examination of any such proposals,or arrangements when they are received. COM.TD/D/3
Page 3
Other measures
9. While discussion in the Group was concentrated on the proposals on
preferences, a number of other aspects of the problem of trade expansion among
less-developed countries were also taken up. In this regard the Group again was
guided by past discussions in GATT. In particular the Committee on Trade and
Development had, at its meeting in July 1965, referred to a number of measures
other than preferences and had given attention to the trade and payments aspects
of the problem, particularly:
(a) the dismantling of quantitative restrictions affecting intra-trade;
(b) non-tariff arrangements to overcome payments limitations;
(c) avoidance of tied loans.
It had also been suggested in the Committee that a specific programme of action
aimed at trade expansion among developing countries, limited in scope at the
beginning and capable of being expanded subsequently in keeping with the needs
of the contracting parties concerned, might be drawn up.
10. At the meeting in January-February 1966, the Group took up these points
and heard certain specific suggestions from the Indian representative. These
suggestions related to a number of measures aimed at giving greater flexibility
to less-developed countries in the planning and implementation of their commercial
policies and at directly incrcasing the imports of less-developed countries from
other less-developed countries on a reciprocal and non-discriminatory basis.
They included the following:
(a) A target rate be adopted for the annual expansion of trade among
less-developed countries.
(b) Less-developed countries should try to identify, from their lists of
products notified as being of export interest to them, those items the
export of which to other less-developed countries appear to be capable of
expansion. The products thus identified should be notified to the
CONTRACTING PARTIES together with any relevant data on trade, production,
production plans, etc. Such notifications should be collated and circulated
for the information of all less-developed contracting parties. Less-
developed countries should then be asked to supply data concerning their
present and future import capacity for those products. COM.TD/D/3
Page 4
(c) Less-developed countries should be asked to indicate what special
measures they consider should be taken by importing countries under
Part IV, or by international organizations, for the expansion of this
trade.
(d) In addition to the exchange of tariff preferences, such measures as
the exchange of import quotas might be resorted to by less-developed
countries in order to enable them to obtain imports over and above that
which could be offected on the basis of their overall foreign exchange
availabilities.
(e) Where imports were made by governments, or State agencies, rules might
be evolved to ensure that maximum possible preference was given to
purchases from sources in less-developed countries.
(f) Guidelines or rules might be adopted to ensure that aid given to less-
developed countries by developed countries, or by international institutions,
were untied, or at least that a part of the foreign exchange thus made
available was usable for payments for imports from other less-developed
countries.
(g) A fund be set up, within the framework of the appropriate international
financial institution, for the provision of loams needed to finance imports
by less-developed countries from less-developed countries.
(h) The exchange, on a regular basis of information about their
development plans and import requirements, so as to maximize imports.
(i) Measures should be taken to prevent the operation of licensing and
similar arrangements, entered into by firms in less-developed countries
with foreign firms, from operating in such a way as adversely to affect
trade among less -developed countries.
(j) Measures should be taken to solve any transport, communication, and
marketing difficulties which might, be limiting the expansion of trade
among less-developed countries.
(k) Since the Kennedy Round provided an immediate opportunity for
implementing these and other ideas for general expansion of trade among
less-developed countries, maximum advantage should be taken of the
Kennedy Round to expand trade among less-developed countries. COM.TD/D/3
Page 5
11. The representative of India further urged that maximum possible flexibility
should be provided to the less-developed countries in working out arrangements for
expansion of trade among themselves in a non-discriminatory manner. The only
requirement should be for establishing reporting and consultation procedures after
the arrangements have been worked out.
12. The points in paragraphs 10 and 11 were presented by the Indian delegation as
suggestions to facilitate discussion in the Group and not as official proposals by
the Indian Government. In view of the lack of time, the Group did not enter into
any detailed discussion of the merits of, or the technicalities involved in, the
suggested measures. Some members of the Group, however, did take the opportunity
to engage in a preliminary exchange of views on some of the points. Some members
stressed the importance which they attached to such measures as the provision of
untied loans, the earmarking of governmental purchases, and the exchange of import
quotas, which, in their view, would make a significant contribution to the expansion
of trade among developing countries. Some members of the Group pointed out the
difficulties inherent in these points. As regards the exchange of import quotas
among the less-developed countries, it was pointed out that Article XIV:2 could
also be utilized for expanding trade among the less-developed countries. Some
members of the Group, while agreeing that these suggestions warranted careful study,
did not feel that thé GATT, being an organization having competence primarily in
the field of commercial policy, was an appropriate forum for the discussion of
certain problems which lay in the field of finance and payments. Other members
considered, however, that the GATT, precisely because of its responsibility in the
field of international trade, could not disassociate itself from international
financial problems related to trade.
13. The Group draws the attention of the Committee on Trade and Development to the
work being undertaken in other organizations, particularly relating to the problems
of aid, loans and credit facilities. The Group believed that it was important for
contracting parties to keep abreast of developments in these fields in order that
GATT could, where appropriate, collaborate in seeking feasible methods for
expanding the international trade and exchange earnings of developing countries.
14. Members of the Group suggested that it would be useful for the less-developed
countries, in considering ways and means of expanding trade among themselves,
including the reduction of' tariffs and other barriers to trade on a most-favoured-
nation basis, to have available to them statistical data relating to imports and
exports of particular commodities and information on some of the points mentioned by
the Indian representative. This information would also be of particular value in
the immediate context of the Kennedy Round. The Group agreed that such statistical
data would have to be supplied largely by the less-developed countries themselves.
The secretariat was asked to provide appropriate assistance in the collection and
the co-ordination of such material. COM.TD/D/3
Page 6
ANNEX I
Terms of Reference of the Group on Expansion
of Trade among Developing Countries1
- To examine the problems involved in the expansion of trade between
less-developed countries, with particular reference to the rôle of
preferences between less-developed countries in promoting such trade,
and taking full account of the work done earlier in the Working Party
on Preferences and its findings;
to examine in this context, any specific proposals submitted by
contracting parties for the establishment of preferences between
less-developed countries;
- to examine the pilot studies on trade flows between less-developed
countries produced by the secretariat and to arrange for the extension
of these studies to additional lists of products;
- to report, with appropriate findings and recommendations, to the
Committee on Trade and Development at the next meeting of the Committee
and to transmit its findings also to the Working Group on references.
1 See L/2410, paragraph 42. COM . TD/D/3
Page 7
Secretariat Note on the Discussions at the
Second Meeting of the Group
1. The present secretariat note is intended to summarize the discussion at the
second meeting of the Group, held from 31 January-7 February 1966 inclusive. It
does not cover all points already noted in the report of the Group which alone
constitutes its official record.
A. Preferences among developing countries
2. The discussion was opened by a statement1 of the United Arab Republic
representative in which he recalled briefly some of the major problems affecting
trade among less-developed countries, the still very low level of trade among these
countries, and the major provisions of the United Arab Republic proposal relating
to preferences. This proposal (see COM.TD/W/2, Annex II) envisaged the establish-
ment of preferences on selected products by means of agreements negotiated between
interested developing countries to .which other developing countries could also
accede. In selecting the products account would be taken of the negotiating
countries' respective need for industrial protection and for customs revenue,
etc. It was not envisaged to draw up any common list of products for the granting
of such preferences, and the choice of types of products to be covered would be
determined through negotiation, which would also ensure a proper balance of
benefits and obligations among the participating countries. The preferential
arrangement would apply not only to tariff rates but also to non-tarif measures.
One would also expect that such preferences should provide benefits for imports
from less-developed countries no less favourable than those at present accorded
by certain developing countries to imports from certain developed countries. As
regards the question of safeguarding the interests of third countries, the United
Arab Republic proposal provided for the accession of other developing countries
to any agreement concluded, and for recourse by any contracting party considering
its interests impaired to the provisions of Article XXXVII:5. The United Arab
Republic proposal also contained provisions on time-limits for the validity of
the preferences so that they would not be in force longer than was necessary for
the purposes for which they were granted. The representative of the United Arab
Republic considered that the envisaged preferences could be implemented within the
framework of Part IV of the General Agreement.
1The full text of the statement by the representative of the United Arab
Republic was circulated to the Group in document Spec(66)2. COM.TD/D/3
Page 8
3. The representative of the United States recalled briefly the major con-
siderations underlying the United States proposal (COM.TD/W/2, Annex IA).1 First,
it was the view of the United States that the establishment of preferences among
less-developed countries should be closely linked to the co-ordinated development
of production and trade among the participating countries and that co-ordinated
development could most easily be achieved between countries having common interests
and practical facilities for collaboration, which would normally mean countries in
the same region. Secondly, preferential arrangements might be desirable because
the countries concerned might not always find it possible to establish free-trade
areas or customs unions, while wishing to make progress nevertheless towards
co-ordinated development in a more limited manner. Such arrangements would enable
them to collaborate in establishing or expanding their industries, through the
creation of a wider market, sheltered from outside competition for a specified
period of time. For this purpose an exception might be made to the provisions of
Article I of the General Agreement to enable developing countries to enter into
preferential arrangements. The criteria for justifying such a deviation from
Article I should be, first, that the arrangements in question could be expected to
lead to a rise in efficiency and productivity in the industries concerned so as to
enable it eventually to withstand foreign competition, and secondly, that they
would not cause undue damage to the interests of third countries. In his statement
the United States representative also commented on the specific questions raised
at the first meeting of the Group (see COM.TD/D/2, paragraph 29). The points made
by him are noted in the following paragraphs which summarize the discussion of the
various aspects of the general question of preferences.
4. In discussing the general objectives of such arrangements, representatives of
some less-developed countries pointed out that the less-developed countries expected
the preferences to make a contribution to their development more immediate and
substantial than the benefits that they might eventually derive from regional
economic integration arrangements. In present balance-of-payments circumstances,
for example, the establishment of tariff preferences, coupled with other appropriate
measures, might open up new avenues of trade, creating trade that would not
otherwise have been possible owing to the constraints imposed by the scarce foreign
exchange resources of less-developed countries.
5. Some representatives pointed out that preferential arrangements among less-
developed countries must be aimed at making industries more competitive; for
otherwise they would not achieve the final objective of increasing standards of
living, but merely burden the economy with the higher economic and social costs
involved in obtaining imports from higher cost suppliers. The implications of
this element for the balance of payments were particularly important if account
were taken of the capital outlays which would be needed for the ensuing expansion
of Industrial production.
1The full text of the statement was circulated to the Group in
document Spec(66)3. COM.TD/D/3
Page 9
6. Representatives s from less-developed countries explained that they placed
emphasis on the creation of trade which would otherwise not exist. While, in the
short-term, the preferences might involve a shift towards higher cost suppliers,
it was their hope that, once production for a larger market got under way,
developing countries would become increasingly competitive suppliers of the goods
in question. As regards the effect of preferences on the balance of payments,
representatives of developing countries noted that, there being a scareity of
exchange resources in convertible currencies, imports at lower nominal prices in
terms of convertible currencies might well be far more costly to the less-developed
countries than those at higher prices but payable in non-convertible currencies
which they could carn through expanding their mutual trade. At any rate, even if
a loss was involved this would be outweighed by the direct and indirect benefits
deriving from the development production and trade which would otherwise not have
been there.
7. On the question of regional versus a more generalized system of preferences
among developing countries, representatives of less-developed countries also felt
that preferences embracing a few countries confined to a given region would not
provide them with the flexible instrument which they felt was required for
obtaining the maximum benefit from preferences. Such advantages of regional
co-operation as the greater case for collaboration among countries situated close
to each other, a more intimate knowledge of each others markets, and the generally
lower transport costs were likely to be less significant and fundamental than the
accompanying disadvantages, such as the often, found lack of complementarity, on
account of similarity in resource endowments and in the stage and pattern of
industrial development, etc. On balance one would think therefore that inter-
regional trade among developing countries should be just as easy to develop and
expand through the establishment of preferences as would intra-regional trade.
8. The United States representative explained that for the purposes of the
United States proposal, the term "economic region" need not necessarily be taken
strictly in the geographic sense, but might broadly denote any group of countries
which were considered capable of co-operating with each other for their integrated
development. Other members of the Group felt that any tying of preferences to
the concept of economic regions would introduce an undesirable limitation, which
was not envisaged in the generalized language used in Part IV of the General
Agreement. Furthermore, many members noted that regional trading arrangements
among developing countries could be covered by the provisions of Article XXIV of
the General Agreement.
9. As regards the mechanism to be used for establishing preferences among
developing countries, the Group generally considered that any preferential arrange-
ments would have to issue from negotiations among developing countries. Members of
the Group explained that such agreements would probably have to be negotiated
between a limited number of interested countries on the basis of reciprocal
concessions and to be broadened thereafter by the accession of other less-developed
countries. Due allowance would have to be made in the negotiations for differences
in the stage of economic development of the negotiating partners. The methods and
procedures evolved in the GATT tariff negotiations in the past might serve as a
guidance for the less-developed countries. COM.TD/D/3
Page 10
10. Certain members stated that preferences in their view should be exchanged
mainly on manufactured and semi-manufactured products. One member of the Group
referred to the generally low level of duties on raw materials and to the need to
minimize raw materials cost in industry, and considered it particularly inadvisable
to apply preferences on primary products. Other members of the Group felt that
there was no need to spell out, at this stage, the type of products that could be
covered by such preferences; the advantages or the disadvantages of using
preferences for specific products would have to be weighed and compared in the
course of the negotiations.
11. As regards commercial policy measures to be covered, the representative of the
United States explained that the United States proposal related only to the customs
tariff preferences since, under the General Agreement, this was to be the main
instrument of protection that could be accorded to domestic industries. He agreed,
however, that one could examine the possibility of extending the use of such
preferences to other commercial policy measures, for example in the administration
of quantitative import quotas and restrictions, although this was not covered by
the United States proposal.
12. Reference was made in the discussion to the effect of preferential arrangements
at present in force between certain developed and certain developing countries.
It was suggested by certain members of the Group that the margins of the new
preferences should be at least as large as those granted to imports from the
developed country. As an alternative, soma members suggested the preferential
treatment at present in force for imports from the developed country might be
withdrawn.
13. Members of the Group discussed the question of safeguards for the interest
of third countries. Some members of the Group etressed that the preferences should
not be established through an increase in the most-favoured-nation rate, nor should
the existing most-favoured-nation rates be raised for the purpose of providing
larger margins of preference. Particularly in cases where existing rates were
high, there should be some limitation on the permitted preferential margin, so as
to ensure an equitable share of the market for suppliers in third countries. Some
members noted that they did not think preferences should be extended to non-tariff
measures such as quotas precisely because of the greater danger of adverse effects
in the interests of third countries. If it should be agreed that preferences should
cover import quotas, especially careful attention must be given to ensuring that
third countries' fair share of the market was not excessively affected.
14. There was general agreement that, as one of the safeguard measures, adequate
provision would have to be made for consultations with affected contracting
parties. Reference was also made to the provision in the United States
proposal for compensation to be given to third countries in case of injury
resulting from the preferences. Some members of the Group were of the view
that any preferential agreements negotiated should be submitted to the
CONTRACTING PARTIES for prior approval. Other members stressed that sufficient COM. TD/D/3
Page 11
flexibility must be left with developing countries in the negotiation of such
agreements, and that there should be no cumbersome procedures which might delay
action. They felt that the provisions of Part IV provided sufficient scope for
the use of such preferences. One delegation pointed out that, whatever provisions
of the General Agreement were invoked to cover such schemes, it would. be useful
to draw up, at an appropriate time, guidelines or procedural provisions for
adoption by the contracting parties which were to formulate the establishment and
operation of such preferences.
15. Several members of the Group stated that they intended to avail themselves
of the opportunity offered by the Kennedy Round to hold exploratory talks with
other contracting parties on ways and means of expanding trade among less-developed
countries.
16. In the course of formulating its conclusions on this subject (see
paragraphs 5-8 of the report), the Group took note of a statement made by
Ambassador Valenzuela (Chile) on behalf of the less-developed countries represented
at the second meeting of the Group. Ambassador.Valenzuela stated that the
discussions in the Group had shown a general consensus that preferences among
less-developed countries constituted a useful means for the expansion of their
mutual trade. There appeared also to exist among all members of the Group a
genuine desire to explore the possibilities open to contracting parties for action
in this regard. The less-developed countries were aware of the similarities, as
well as the complementary features, of their economies and were mindful of the
common links in the objectives of their national development programmes. Taking
these into account they were in favour of general, non-discriminatory preferences
among less-developed countries, to be established on the basis of negotiations
in which due account would be taken of the different stages of economic development
of the different countries and of the interest of third countries. The less-
developed countries in GATT would take the first opportunity to enter into
exploratory talks within the spirit of Part IV and in the light of economic
realities, on the most appropriate form and procedures to be adopted in order to
bring about practical and viable preferential schemes among developing countries.
At this stage of the discussion, the less-developed countries would not wish to ask
contracting parties to undertake any commitments, or to bind themselves with regard
to the modus operandi or any specific formulae to be adopted, on the establishment
of preferences among developing countries.
B. Other measures for the expansion of trade among less-developed countries
17. In the course of discussion the representative of India presented a number of
suggestions which might constitute a programme of action for the expansion of trade
among less-developed countries (see paragraphs 10 and 11 of the report). The
establishment of such a programme of action had been suggested by the Committee on
Trade and Development at its meeting in July 1965 (COM.TD/10, paragraph 31). Members
of the Group pointed out that, since they had not yet had time to study the issues
involved in these suggestions, they could make only observations of a preliminary
nature. These points made by the representative of India and other members of the
Group are noted below: COM . TD/D/3
Page 12
(a) Adoption of a target rate for the expansion of trade among less-developed
countries: The representative of India noted that in view of the still very low
level of trade among developing countries, it should not be unrealistic to envisage
a target of expansion of between 15-20 per cent per year. Some members of the
Group agreed that the establishment of target rates for the expansion of trade
might be of some value in providing a focussing point for action. They felt,
however, that the actual target to be adopted would have to be examined on the
basis of statistical data on the pattern of export production, etc.
(b) Identification of products particularly worthy of attention in the mutual
trade of less-developed countries: The Indian representative suggested that the
products might be chosen from those already notified as being of export interest
to less-developed countries, but that they need not be confined strictly to this
category. Members of the Group agreed that such an indication should be of value
in this regard. Some members noted in this connexion that the data so far compiled
by the secretariat related in general to broader commodity headings while, to be
really useful for the purpose of exploring possibilities for trade expansion, they
should be fairly specific. It would therefore be in the interest of the less-
developed countries to supply the secretariat with all relevant data relating to
specific export production. Members expressed the hope that the collection of
further material would not in any way delay any immediate action that might be
open to the less-developed countries.
(c) Suggestions on special measures importing countries might take: One member
suggested that action to be taken by developing countries might relate to the
reduction of high rates of duty, the relaxation of non-tariff barriers, etc.
(d) Exchange of foreign exchange and import quotas. In the course of this
discussion a reference was made to the provisions of Article XIV:2 of the General
Agreement which might conceivably be invoked to cover action in this field. Some
members pointed out that, in view of the scarcity of foreign exchange in developing
countries, these countries should endeavour to make the best possible use of their
exchange resources, and avoid imports from higher cost countries. One member,
representing a developed country, expressed concern that action by developing
countries along these lines, by favouring a return to bilateralism, might lead to
trade diversion. Representatives of developing countries noted that the purpose of
such action would be to create additional trade among developing countries, for
instance trade in certain types of consumer goods which would not have been possible
were it not for the foreign exchange facilities thus made available. Reference was
made during the discussion to the possible exchange of tariff quotas in the context
of the Kennedy Round. Some members thought that tariff quotas applying to imports
from certain contracting parties, but not those from others, would be contrary to
the existing provisions of the GATT and that no provision had been made for this
measure in the negotiating rules of the Kennedy Round. COM. TD/D/3
Page 13
(e) Earmarking of State agencies purchases: Some members of the Group supported
the suggestion. Other members of the Group expressed the view that an undue
reliance on government purchasing policies for the purpose in question might easily
lead to an undesirable diversion of trade.
(f) Untied loans: Some members of the Group from devoloped countries noted that
the provision of an united loan was financially more burdensome to the lending
country than loans which did not include the use of its convertible currency
resources; insistance on untied loans would thus simply mean that fewer loans could
be granted. They stated that their delegations would be prepared to discuss the
financial assistance measures operated by their governments if it was the wish of
to Group to examine the experience of aid-giving countries. Some members of the
Group noted that the issues involved related not only to the trade implication of
aid, but also to developments in the international financial situation and that the
matter was under discussion in other international institutions more directly
concerned with problems of international payments.
(g) Fund for the provision of loans needed to finance trade among developing
countries: One member of the Group recalled the operation of the Export and Import
Bank of the United States, and the contribution which it had made to the expansion
of trade in the inter-war and post-war periods. Many members stressed the need
to give adequate attention to the payments aspects of the problems encountered by
developing countries in expanding their trade. Some members referred to the work
being undertaken by other institutions in this field and recalled the view of
contracting parties that the GATT could make a contribution by providing advice on
the trade aspects of international financial arrangements. Other members noted
that the fact that these matters were under examination in other institutions should
not prevent the contracting parties from addressing themselves to problems so
intimately linked to international trade. Some members suggested that the Indian
suggestion be given serious consideration by governments, and be taken up again in
the Group at an early date.
(h) Exchange of information among developing countries on development plans and
import requirements: Several members of the Group stated that such an exchange
of information should indeed be helpful. One member suggested that countries in
each region might wish to consult with each other on their development plans with a
view to eliciting the pattern of their production and exports.
(i) Avoidance of harmful affects of industrial licensing arrangements: There was
no discussion on this point.
(j) Measures to overcome difficulties in transport, communications and marketing:
Ne discussion. COM.TD/D/3
Page 14
(k) Making use of the Kennedy Round: Members from a number of developing
countries stated that their governments were anxious to make the greatest
possible use of the opportunities thus afforded.
18. In presenting those specific suggestions, the representative of India stated
that his Government considered it important that the less-developed countries
should enjoy sufficient flexibility in the establishment, operation and adaptation
of any necessary and justifiable measures. For instance, less-developed countries
should be free to take action within the framework of Part IV of the GATT without
having in each case to bring it before the CONTRACTING PARTIES for approval or
formal action. In most cases it should be sufficient if action taken under Part IV
were reported to the CONTRACTING PARTIES and adequate opportunity were provided for
consultations to be held where such action was considered to have an adverse effect
on the trade of third countries. The consultations would serve to explore what
needs to be done in order to avoid any such unnecessary damage and what alternative
measures were available for the purpose of expanding trade among less-developed
countries.
20. Members of the Group noted that the preliminary exchange of views on some of
the Indian suggestions had been useful, but that it would not be possible to enter
into a full discussion at the present meeting. Members generally agreed to revert
at a later stage to those points, if possible on the basis of more detailed
suggestions..
| 11,487 |
https://github.com/koelnkalkverbot/EventFahrplan/blob/master/app/src/main/java/nerd/tuxmobil/fahrplan/congress/details/EventDetailFragment.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| null |
EventFahrplan
|
koelnkalkverbot
|
Java
|
Code
| 1,010 | 4,542 |
package nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.details;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.res.AssetManager;
import android.graphics.Typeface;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.text.Html;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.text.method.LinkMovementMethod;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import org.ligi.tracedroid.logging.Log;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.BuildConfig;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.MyApp;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.R;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.alarms.AlarmTimePickerFragment;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.calendar.CalendarSharing;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.contract.BundleKeys;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.models.Lecture;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.navigation.RoomForC3NavConverter;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.repositories.AppRepository;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.schedule.FahrplanFragment;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.sharing.LectureSharer;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.sharing.SimpleLectureFormat;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.sidepane.OnSidePaneCloseListener;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.utils.EventUrlComposer;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.utils.FahrplanMisc;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.utils.StringUtils;
import nerd.tuxmobil.fahrplan.congress.wiki.WikiEventUtils;
public class EventDetailFragment extends Fragment {
private final String LOG_TAG = "Detail";
public static final String FRAGMENT_TAG = "detail";
public static final int EVENT_DETAIL_FRAGMENT_REQUEST_CODE = 546;
private static final String SCHEDULE_FEEDBACK_URL = BuildConfig.SCHEDULE_FEEDBACK_URL;
private static final boolean SHOW_FEEDBACK_MENU_ITEM = !TextUtils.isEmpty(SCHEDULE_FEEDBACK_URL);
private String event_id;
private String title;
private Locale locale;
private Typeface boldCondensed;
private Typeface black;
private Typeface light;
private Typeface regular;
private Typeface bold;
private Lecture lecture;
private int day;
private String subtitle;
private String spkr;
private String abstractt;
private String descr;
private String links;
private String room;
private Boolean sidePane = false;
private boolean requiresScheduleReload = false;
private boolean hasArguments = false;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
MyApp.LogDebug(LOG_TAG, "onCreate");
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater,
ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
if (sidePane) {
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.detail_narrow, container, false);
} else {
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.detail, container, false);
}
}
@Override
public void setArguments(Bundle args) {
super.setArguments(args);
day = args.getInt(BundleKeys.EVENT_DAY, 0);
event_id = args.getString(BundleKeys.EVENT_ID);
title = args.getString(BundleKeys.EVENT_TITLE);
subtitle = args.getString(BundleKeys.EVENT_SUBTITLE);
spkr = args.getString(BundleKeys.EVENT_SPEAKERS);
abstractt = args.getString(BundleKeys.EVENT_ABSTRACT);
descr = args.getString(BundleKeys.EVENT_DESCRIPTION);
links = args.getString(BundleKeys.EVENT_LINKS);
room = args.getString(BundleKeys.EVENT_ROOM);
sidePane = args.getBoolean(BundleKeys.SIDEPANE, false);
requiresScheduleReload = args.getBoolean(BundleKeys.REQUIRES_SCHEDULE_RELOAD, false);
hasArguments = true;
}
@Override
public void onViewCreated(View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
FragmentActivity activity = getActivity();
if (hasArguments) {
AssetManager assetManager = activity.getAssets();
boldCondensed = Typeface.createFromAsset(assetManager, "Roboto-BoldCondensed.ttf");
black = Typeface.createFromAsset(assetManager, "Roboto-Black.ttf");
light = Typeface.createFromAsset(assetManager, "Roboto-Light.ttf");
regular = Typeface.createFromAsset(assetManager, "Roboto-Regular.ttf");
bold = Typeface.createFromAsset(assetManager, "Roboto-Bold.ttf");
locale = getResources().getConfiguration().locale;
FahrplanFragment.loadLectureList(activity, day, requiresScheduleReload);
lecture = eventIdToLecture(event_id);
TextView t;
t = view.findViewById(R.id.date);
if (lecture != null && lecture.dateUTC > 0) {
DateFormat df = SimpleDateFormat
.getDateTimeInstance(SimpleDateFormat.SHORT, SimpleDateFormat.SHORT);
t.setText(df.format(new Date(lecture.dateUTC)) + " - " + room);
} else {
t.setText("");
}
t = view.findViewById(R.id.lectureid);
if (t != null) {
t.setText("ID: " + event_id);
}
// Title
t = view.findViewById(R.id.title);
setUpTextView(t, boldCondensed, title);
// Subtitle
t = view.findViewById(R.id.subtitle);
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(subtitle)) {
t.setVisibility(View.GONE);
} else {
setUpTextView(t, light, subtitle);
}
// Speakers
t = view.findViewById(R.id.speakers);
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(spkr)) {
t.setVisibility(View.GONE);
} else {
setUpTextView(t, black, spkr);
}
// Abstract
t = view.findViewById(R.id.abstractt);
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(abstractt)) {
t.setVisibility(View.GONE);
} else {
abstractt = StringUtils.getHtmlLinkFromMarkdown(abstractt);
setUpHtmlTextView(t, bold, abstractt);
}
// Description
t = view.findViewById(R.id.description);
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(descr)) {
t.setVisibility(View.GONE);
} else {
descr = StringUtils.getHtmlLinkFromMarkdown(descr);
setUpHtmlTextView(t, regular, descr);
}
// Links
TextView l = view.findViewById(R.id.linksSection);
t = view.findViewById(R.id.links);
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(links)) {
l.setVisibility(View.GONE);
t.setVisibility(View.GONE);
} else {
l.setTypeface(bold);
MyApp.LogDebug(LOG_TAG, "show links");
l.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
links = links.replaceAll("\\),", ")<br>");
links = StringUtils.getHtmlLinkFromMarkdown(links);
setUpHtmlTextView(t, regular, links);
}
// Event online
final TextView eventOnlineSection = view.findViewById(R.id.eventOnlineSection);
eventOnlineSection.setTypeface(bold);
final TextView eventOnlineLink = view.findViewById(R.id.eventOnline);
if (WikiEventUtils.containsWikiLink(links)) {
eventOnlineSection.setVisibility(View.GONE);
eventOnlineLink.setVisibility(View.GONE);
} else {
eventOnlineSection.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
eventOnlineLink.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
final String eventUrl = new EventUrlComposer(lecture).getEventUrl();
final String eventLink = "<a href=\"" + eventUrl + "\">" + eventUrl + "</a>";
setUpHtmlTextView(eventOnlineLink, regular, eventLink);
}
activity.invalidateOptionsMenu();
}
activity.setResult(FragmentActivity.RESULT_CANCELED);
}
private void setUpTextView(@NonNull TextView textView,
@NonNull Typeface typeface,
@NonNull String text) {
textView.setTypeface(typeface);
textView.setText(text);
textView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}
private void setUpHtmlTextView(@NonNull TextView textView,
@NonNull Typeface typeface,
@NonNull String text) {
textView.setTypeface(typeface);
textView.setText(Html.fromHtml(text), TextView.BufferType.SPANNABLE);
textView.setLinkTextColor(ContextCompat.getColor(getActivity(), R.color.text_link_color));
textView.setMovementMethod(new LinkMovementMethod());
textView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}
@Override
public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu, inflater);
inflater.inflate(R.menu.detailmenu, menu);
MenuItem item;
if (lecture != null) {
if (lecture.highlight) {
item = menu.findItem(R.id.menu_item_flag_as_favorite);
if (item != null) {
item.setVisible(false);
}
item = menu.findItem(R.id.menu_item_unflag_as_favorite);
if (item != null) {
item.setVisible(true);
}
}
if (lecture.has_alarm) {
item = menu.findItem(R.id.menu_item_set_alarm);
if (item != null) {
item.setVisible(false);
}
item = menu.findItem(R.id.menu_item_delete_alarm);
if (item != null) {
item.setVisible(true);
}
}
}
item = menu.findItem(R.id.menu_item_feedback);
if (SHOW_FEEDBACK_MENU_ITEM) {
if (item != null) {
item.setVisible(true);
}
} else {
if (item != null) {
item.setVisible(false);
}
}
if (sidePane) {
item = menu.findItem(R.id.menu_item_close_event_details);
if (item != null) {
item.setVisible(true);
}
}
item = menu.findItem(R.id.menu_item_navigate);
if (item != null) {
boolean isVisible = !getRoomConvertedForC3Nav().isEmpty();
item.setVisible(isVisible);
}
}
@NonNull
private String getRoomConvertedForC3Nav() {
String currentRoom = getActivity().getIntent().getStringExtra(BundleKeys.EVENT_ROOM);
if (currentRoom == null) {
currentRoom = room;
}
return RoomForC3NavConverter.convert(currentRoom);
}
@NonNull
private Lecture eventIdToLecture(String eventId) {
if (MyApp.lectureList == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("Lecture list is null.");
}
for (Lecture lecture : MyApp.lectureList) {
if (lecture.lecture_id.equals(eventId)) {
return lecture;
}
}
throw new IllegalStateException("Lecture list does not contain eventId: " + eventId);
}
@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (requestCode == EVENT_DETAIL_FRAGMENT_REQUEST_CODE &&
resultCode == AlarmTimePickerFragment.ALERT_TIME_PICKED_RESULT_CODE) {
int alarmTimesIndex = data.getIntExtra(
AlarmTimePickerFragment.ALARM_PICKED_INTENT_KEY, 0);
onAlarmTimesIndexPicked(alarmTimesIndex);
}
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
}
private void showAlarmTimePicker() {
AlarmTimePickerFragment.show(this, EVENT_DETAIL_FRAGMENT_REQUEST_CODE);
}
private void onAlarmTimesIndexPicked(int alarmTimesIndex) {
FragmentActivity activity = getActivity();
if (lecture != null) {
FahrplanMisc.addAlarm(activity, lecture, alarmTimesIndex);
} else {
Log.e(getClass().getName(), "onAlarmTimesIndexPicked: lecture: null. alarmTimesIndex: " + alarmTimesIndex);
}
refreshUI(activity);
}
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
Lecture l;
FragmentActivity activity = getActivity();
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.menu_item_feedback: {
Uri uri = Uri.parse(String.format(SCHEDULE_FEEDBACK_URL, event_id));
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(intent);
return true;
}
case R.id.menu_item_share_event:
l = eventIdToLecture(event_id);
String formattedLecture = SimpleLectureFormat.format(l);
Context context = getContext();
if (!LectureSharer.shareSimple(context, formattedLecture)) {
Toast.makeText(context, R.string.share_error_activity_not_found, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
return true;
case R.id.menu_item_add_to_calendar:
l = eventIdToLecture(event_id);
CalendarSharing.addToCalendar(l, activity);
return true;
case R.id.menu_item_flag_as_favorite:
if (lecture != null) {
lecture.highlight = true;
AppRepository.Companion.getInstance(getActivity()).updateHighlight(lecture);
}
refreshUI(activity);
return true;
case R.id.menu_item_unflag_as_favorite:
if (lecture != null) {
lecture.highlight = false;
AppRepository.Companion.getInstance(getActivity()).updateHighlight(lecture);
}
refreshUI(activity);
return true;
case R.id.menu_item_set_alarm:
showAlarmTimePicker();
return true;
case R.id.menu_item_delete_alarm:
if (lecture != null) {
FahrplanMisc.deleteAlarm(activity, lecture);
}
refreshUI(activity);
return true;
case R.id.menu_item_close_event_details:
closeFragment(FRAGMENT_TAG);
return true;
case R.id.menu_item_navigate:
final Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intent.setData(Uri.parse(BuildConfig.C3NAV_URL + getRoomConvertedForC3Nav()));
startActivity(intent);
return true;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
private void refreshUI(@NonNull FragmentActivity activity) {
activity.invalidateOptionsMenu();
activity.setResult(FragmentActivity.RESULT_OK);
if (activity instanceof FahrplanFragment.OnRefreshEventMarkers) {
((FahrplanFragment.OnRefreshEventMarkers) activity).refreshEventMarkers();
}
}
private void closeFragment(@NonNull String fragmentTag) {
FragmentActivity activity = getActivity();
if (activity != null && activity instanceof OnSidePaneCloseListener) {
((OnSidePaneCloseListener) activity).onSidePaneClose(fragmentTag);
}
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
MyApp.LogDebug(LOG_TAG, "onDestroy");
}
}
| 25,580 |
https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%20%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
ياسر قاضي
|
https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ياسر قاضي&action=history
|
Arabic
|
Spoken
| 240 | 764 |
أبو عمار ياسر القاضي محاضر ومدرس إسلامي وقد ألف عدة كتب عن الإسلام. وهو داعية إسلامية معروف في كثير من الأوساط الإسلامية في الولايات المتحدة، وكندا، والمملكة المتحدة وأستراليا.
ترجمة
ولد ياسر قاضي في هيوستن بولاية تكساس جنوب الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية لأبوين باكستانيين عام 1975م.
تعلم في ثانوية بجدة في المملكة العربية السعودية.
نال شهادة بكالوريوس في الهندسة الكيميائية من جامعة هيوستن, ثم اشتغل في الشركة الكيميائية داو .
بعدها قرر دراسة الإسلام فحصل على بكالوريوس اختصاص الحديث من الجامعة الإسلامية بالمدينة المنورة.
أكمل الدكتوراه في الدراسات الإسلامية في جامعة يال في نيو هيفن بولاية كونيتيكت الأمريكية.
يدرس حاليا في قسم الدراسات الدينية بكلية رودز في ممفيس بولاية تينيسي الأمريكية.
نشاطاته
يعمل حاليا معلما وموجها في معاهد إسلامية، ويشارك في برامج تلفزيونية على القناة الإسلامية في بريطانيا, قناة الهدى في السعودية، قناة الفجر في مصر وقناة السلام بأمريكا وبريطانيا والهند, حيث يرشد في الدين ويقدم دروسا في السيرة، قراءة القرآن ومسائل أخرى، كماأنه يدون في موقع MuslimMatters.org.
مؤلفاته
الدعاء: سلاح المؤمن
شرح أصول الشرك الأربعة
مدخل إلى علوم القرآن
دراسة نقدية للشرك
الرياء: شرك - خفي
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أكاديميون أمريكيون من أصل باكستاني
أمريكيون من أصل باكستاني
أمريكيون من أصل هندي
باحثون عن الإسلام مسلمون سنة أمريكيون
حفاظ القرآن
خريجو الجامعة الإسلامية بالمدينة المنورة
خريجو جامعة هيوستن
خريجو جامعة ييل
دعاة غربيون
علماء الدراسات الإسلامية
علماء عقيدة مسلمون
لاهوتيون مسلمون في القرن 21
مسلمون سنة أمريكيون
مغتربون أمريكيون في السعودية
مهاجير
مواليد 1975
مواليد في هيوستن (تكساس)
| 31,871 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61390756
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,020 |
Stack Exchange
|
English
|
Spoken
| 127 | 314 |
Python Function unable to start: Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage
I created a Python function with "TimerTrigger" template like this:
func init ProducerFunction --worker-runtime python --docker
func new --name ProducerFunction --template "TimerTrigger"
func start
And I am getting this error:
[04/23/2020 13:09:09] The listener for function 'Functions.ProducerFunction' was unable to start.
[04/23/2020 13:09:09] The listener for function 'Functions.ProducerFunction' was unable to start. Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage: Settings must be of the form "name=value".
SDKs:
$ func --version
3.0.2245
$ python3.8 --version
Python 3.8.2
Set the value for AzureWebJobsStorage in local.settings.json. Do not commit this file.
When in production (cloud), this should be set using the Function app settings blade.
{
"IsEncrypted": false,
"Values": {
"FUNCTIONS_WORKER_RUNTIME": "python",
"AzureWebJobsStorage": "{AzureWebJobsStorage}"
}
}
CLI to get the connection string:
az storage account show-connection-string -g <group> -n <name>
| 32,922 |
|
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34918887
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Haranesodden
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 112 | 291 |
Haranesodden
point in Norway
Haranesodden coordinate location
Haranesodden instance of point
Haranesodden GeoNames ID 9700117
Haranesodden country Norway
Haranesodden located in the administrative territorial entity Nærøy Municipality, end time 2019
Haranesodden located in the administrative territorial entity Namsos Municipality, start time 2020
Haranesodden SSR place name number 560734
Haranesodden
Haranesodden
Haranesodden geokoordinater
Haranesodden forekomst av pynt
Haranesodden GeoNames-identifikator 9700117
Haranesodden land Norge
Haranesodden ligger i administrativ enhet Nærøy, sluttdato 2019
Haranesodden ligger i administrativ enhet Namsos, startdato 2020
Haranesodden SSR stedsnummer 560734
Haranesodden
Haranesodden geografiske koordinatar
Haranesodden GeoNames-identifikator 9700117
Haranesodden land Noreg
Haranesodden ligg i administrativ eining Nærøy kommune, sluttidspunkt 2019
Haranesodden ligg i administrativ eining Namsos, starttidspunkt 2020
Haranesodden stadnummer 560734
| 7,191 |
https://github.com/EdutechSRL/Adevico/blob/master/3-Business/1-OldProject/COL_Questionario/Presenter/GenerateQuestionnaireUrlPresenter.vb
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
Adevico
|
EdutechSRL
|
Visual Basic
|
Code
| 235 | 871 |
Imports COL_Questionario.Business
Imports lm.Comol.Core.Business
Imports lm.Comol.Core.DomainModel
Imports lm.Comol.Core.ModuleLinks
Imports System.Linq
Public Class GenerateQuestionnaireUrlPresenter
Inherits lm.Comol.Core.DomainModel.Common.DomainPresenter
#Region "Initialize"
Private _ModuleID As Integer
Private _Service As ServiceQuestionnaire
'private int ModuleID
'{
' get
' {
' if (_ModuleID <= 0)
' {
' _ModuleID = this.Service.ServiceModuleID();
' }
' return _ModuleID;
' }
'}
Public Overridable Property CurrentManager() As BaseModuleManager
Get
Return m_CurrentManager
End Get
Set(value As BaseModuleManager)
m_CurrentManager = value
End Set
End Property
Private m_CurrentManager As BaseModuleManager
Protected Overridable ReadOnly Property View() As IViewGenerateQuesionnaireUrl
Get
Return DirectCast(MyBase.View, IViewGenerateQuesionnaireUrl)
End Get
End Property
Private ReadOnly Property Service() As ServiceQuestionnaire
Get
If _Service Is Nothing Then
_Service = New ServiceQuestionnaire(AppContext)
End If
Return _Service
End Get
End Property
Public Sub New(oContext As iApplicationContext)
MyBase.New(oContext)
Me.CurrentManager = New BaseModuleManager(oContext)
End Sub
Public Sub New(oContext As iApplicationContext, view As IViewGenerateQuesionnaireUrl)
MyBase.New(oContext, view)
Me.CurrentManager = New BaseModuleManager(oContext)
End Sub
#End Region
Public Sub InitView()
If UserContext.isAnonymous Then
View.DisplaySessionTimeout(Service.GetQuestionnaireIdCommunity(View.PreloadedIdQuestionnnaire))
Else
Dim q As LazyQuestionnaire = Service.GetItem(Of LazyQuestionnaire)(View.PreloadedIdQuestionnnaire)
If IsNothing(q) Then
View.DisplayUnknownQuesionnaire()
Else
Dim p As Person = Service.GetItem(Of Person)(UserContext.CurrentUserID)
If IsNothing(p) OrElse (p.TypeID = UserTypeStandard.Guest OrElse p.TypeID = UserTypeStandard.PublicUser) Then
View.DisplayAccessError(Service.GetItemName(q.Id, UserContext.Language.Id))
Else
Dim permission As ModuleQuestionnaire = Service.GetCommunityPermission(q.Id)
If permission.Compile AndAlso (q.ForCommunityUsers OrElse q.ForCommunityUsers) Then
View.GotoQuestionnaire(q.Id, UserContext.CurrentUserID)
ElseIf q.ForInvitedUsers Then
If Service.ExistInvitedUser(q.Id, UserContext.CurrentUserID) Then
View.GotoQuestionnaire(q.Id, UserContext.CurrentUserID)
Else
View.DisplayAccessError(Service.GetItemName(q.Id, UserContext.Language.Id), p.Name, p.Surname)
End If
Else
View.DisplayAccessError(Service.GetItemName(q.Id, UserContext.Language.Id), p.Name, p.Surname)
End If
End If
End If
End If
End Sub
End Class
| 10,948 |
https://github.com/embedded-graphics/embedded-graphics/blob/master/src/primitives/rounded_rectangle/ellipse_quadrant.rs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT, LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference, Apache-2.0
| 2,023 |
embedded-graphics
|
embedded-graphics
|
Rust
|
Code
| 464 | 1,791 |
use crate::{
geometry::{Dimensions, Point, Size},
primitives::{
ellipse::{self, EllipseContains},
rectangle::Rectangle,
ContainsPoint,
},
};
/// A quadrant around an origin
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash, Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "defmt", derive(::defmt::Format))]
pub enum Quadrant {
TopLeft,
TopRight,
BottomRight,
BottomLeft,
}
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash, Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "defmt", derive(::defmt::Format))]
pub(in crate::primitives) struct EllipseQuadrant {
bounding_box: Rectangle,
center_2x: Point,
ellipse: EllipseContains,
}
impl EllipseQuadrant {
pub fn new(top_left: Point, radius: Size, quadrant: Quadrant) -> Self {
let ellipse_top_left = match quadrant {
Quadrant::TopLeft => top_left,
Quadrant::TopRight => top_left - radius.x_axis(),
Quadrant::BottomRight => top_left - radius,
Quadrant::BottomLeft => top_left - radius.y_axis(),
};
Self {
bounding_box: Rectangle::new(top_left, radius),
center_2x: ellipse::center_2x(ellipse_top_left, radius * 2),
ellipse: EllipseContains::new(radius * 2),
}
}
}
impl Dimensions for EllipseQuadrant {
fn bounding_box(&self) -> Rectangle {
self.bounding_box
}
}
impl ContainsPoint for EllipseQuadrant {
fn contains(&self, point: Point) -> bool {
self.ellipse.contains(point * 2 - self.center_2x)
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
use crate::{
draw_target::DrawTarget,
geometry::{Point, Size},
iterator::PixelIteratorExt,
mock_display::MockDisplay,
pixelcolor::BinaryColor,
primitives::PointsIter,
Pixel,
};
fn draw_quadrant<D: DrawTarget<Color = BinaryColor>>(
quadrant: &EllipseQuadrant,
target: &mut D,
) -> Result<(), D::Error> {
quadrant
.bounding_box
.points()
.filter(|p| quadrant.contains(*p))
.map(|p| Pixel(p, BinaryColor::On))
.draw(target)
}
#[test]
fn quadrants_even_size() {
let cases = [
(
Quadrant::TopLeft,
&[
" ####",
" #######",
" #########",
"##########",
"##########",
],
),
(
Quadrant::TopRight,
&[
"#### ",
"####### ",
"######### ",
"##########",
"##########",
],
),
(
Quadrant::BottomRight,
&[
"##########",
"##########",
"######### ",
"####### ",
"#### ",
],
),
(
Quadrant::BottomLeft,
&[
"##########",
"##########",
" #########",
" #######",
" ####",
],
),
];
for (quadrant, expected) in cases.iter() {
let ellipse_quadrant =
EllipseQuadrant::new(Point::new(0, 0), Size::new(10, 5), *quadrant);
let mut display = MockDisplay::new();
draw_quadrant(&ellipse_quadrant, &mut display).unwrap();
display.assert_pattern(*expected);
}
}
#[test]
fn quadrants_equal_even_ellipse() {
let mut display = MockDisplay::new();
let radius = Size::new(10, 5);
let top_left = Point::new(0, 0);
draw_quadrant(
&EllipseQuadrant::new(top_left, radius, Quadrant::TopLeft),
&mut display,
)
.unwrap();
draw_quadrant(
&EllipseQuadrant::new(top_left + radius.x_axis(), radius, Quadrant::TopRight),
&mut display,
)
.unwrap();
draw_quadrant(
&EllipseQuadrant::new(top_left + radius, radius, Quadrant::BottomRight),
&mut display,
)
.unwrap();
draw_quadrant(
&EllipseQuadrant::new(top_left + radius.y_axis(), radius, Quadrant::BottomLeft),
&mut display,
)
.unwrap();
display.assert_pattern(&[
" ######## ",
" ############## ",
" ################## ",
"####################",
"####################",
"####################",
"####################",
" ################## ",
" ############## ",
" ######## ",
]);
}
#[test]
fn quadrants_equal_odd_ellipse() {
let mut display = MockDisplay::new();
let radius = Size::new(7, 9);
let top_left = Point::new(0, 0);
draw_quadrant(
&EllipseQuadrant::new(top_left, radius, Quadrant::TopLeft),
&mut display,
)
.unwrap();
draw_quadrant(
&EllipseQuadrant::new(top_left + radius.x_axis(), radius, Quadrant::TopRight),
&mut display,
)
.unwrap();
draw_quadrant(
&EllipseQuadrant::new(top_left + radius, radius, Quadrant::BottomRight),
&mut display,
)
.unwrap();
draw_quadrant(
&EllipseQuadrant::new(top_left + radius.y_axis(), radius, Quadrant::BottomLeft),
&mut display,
)
.unwrap();
display.assert_pattern(&[
" #### ",
" ######## ",
" ########## ",
" ############ ",
" ############ ",
" ############ ",
"##############",
"##############",
"##############",
"##############",
"##############",
"##############",
" ############ ",
" ############ ",
" ############ ",
" ########## ",
" ######## ",
" #### ",
]);
}
}
| 10,730 |
5485157_1
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
| 66 | 76 |
On the Court’s own motion, appeal dismissed, without costs, upon the ground that the orders appealed from do not finally determine the proceedings within the meaning of the Constitution. Motion for leave to appeal dismissed upon the ground that the orders sought to be appealed from do not finally determine the proceedings within the meaning of the Constitution. Motion for poor person relief dismissed as academic.
| 16,297 |
https://github.com/michalhosna/Sylius/blob/master/src/Sylius/Bundle/ThemeBundle/Tests/Functional/TestBundle/Resources/views/Templating/lastThemeTemplate.txt.twig
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
Sylius
|
michalhosna
|
Twig
|
Code
| 1 | 19 |
TestBundle:Templating:lastOverriddenTemplate.txt.twig
| 35,600 |
https://github.com/amaurybrisou/prebid-server/blob/master/adapters/avocet/avocet.go
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,020 |
prebid-server
|
amaurybrisou
|
Go
|
Code
| 336 | 1,307 |
package avocet
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"net/http"
"github.com/mxmCherry/openrtb"
"github.com/prebid/prebid-server/adapters"
"github.com/prebid/prebid-server/errortypes"
"github.com/prebid/prebid-server/openrtb_ext"
)
// AvocetAdapter implements a adapters.Bidder compatible with the Avocet advertising platform.
type AvocetAdapter struct {
// Endpoint is a http endpoint to use when making requests to the Avocet advertising platform.
Endpoint string
}
func (a *AvocetAdapter) MakeRequests(request *openrtb.BidRequest, reqInfo *adapters.ExtraRequestInfo) ([]*adapters.RequestData, []error) {
if len(request.Imp) == 0 {
return nil, nil
}
headers := http.Header{}
headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8")
headers.Add("Accept", "application/json")
body, err := json.Marshal(request)
if err != nil {
return nil, []error{&errortypes.FailedToRequestBids{
Message: err.Error(),
}}
}
reqData := &adapters.RequestData{
Method: http.MethodPost,
Uri: a.Endpoint,
Body: body,
Headers: headers,
}
return []*adapters.RequestData{reqData}, nil
}
type avocetBidExt struct {
Avocet avocetBidExtension `json:"avocet"`
}
type avocetBidExtension struct {
Duration int `json:"duration"`
DealPriority int `json:"deal_priority"`
}
func (a *AvocetAdapter) MakeBids(internalRequest *openrtb.BidRequest, externalRequest *adapters.RequestData, response *adapters.ResponseData) (*adapters.BidderResponse, []error) {
if response.StatusCode == http.StatusNoContent {
return nil, nil
}
if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
var errStr string
if len(response.Body) > 0 {
errStr = string(response.Body)
} else {
errStr = "no response body"
}
return nil, []error{&errortypes.BadServerResponse{
Message: fmt.Sprintf("received status code: %v error: %s", response.StatusCode, errStr),
}}
}
var br openrtb.BidResponse
err := json.Unmarshal(response.Body, &br)
if err != nil {
return nil, []error{&errortypes.BadServerResponse{
Message: err.Error(),
}}
}
var errs []error
bidResponse := adapters.NewBidderResponseWithBidsCapacity(5)
for i := range br.SeatBid {
for j := range br.SeatBid[i].Bid {
var ext avocetBidExt
if len(br.SeatBid[i].Bid[j].Ext) > 0 {
err := json.Unmarshal(br.SeatBid[i].Bid[j].Ext, &ext)
if err != nil {
errs = append(errs, err)
continue
}
}
tbid := &adapters.TypedBid{
Bid: &br.SeatBid[i].Bid[j],
DealPriority: ext.Avocet.DealPriority,
}
tbid.BidType = getBidType(br.SeatBid[i].Bid[j], ext)
if tbid.BidType == openrtb_ext.BidTypeVideo {
tbid.BidVideo = &openrtb_ext.ExtBidPrebidVideo{
Duration: ext.Avocet.Duration,
}
}
bidResponse.Bids = append(bidResponse.Bids, tbid)
}
}
return bidResponse, nil
}
// getBidType returns the openrtb_ext.BidType for the provided bid.
func getBidType(bid openrtb.Bid, ext avocetBidExt) openrtb_ext.BidType {
if ext.Avocet.Duration != 0 {
return openrtb_ext.BidTypeVideo
}
switch bid.API {
case openrtb.APIFrameworkVPAID10, openrtb.APIFrameworkVPAID20:
return openrtb_ext.BidTypeVideo
default:
return openrtb_ext.BidTypeBanner
}
}
// NewAvocetAdapter returns a new AvocetAdapter using the provided endpoint.
func NewAvocetAdapter(endpoint string) *AvocetAdapter {
return &AvocetAdapter{
Endpoint: endpoint,
}
}
| 23,770 |
https://github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-java-sdk/blob/master/ddosbgp-20171120/src/main/java/com/aliyun/ddosbgp20171120/models/DescribeTopTrafficRequest.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,023 |
alibabacloud-java-sdk
|
aliyun
|
Java
|
Code
| 440 | 1,196 |
// This file is auto-generated, don't edit it. Thanks.
package com.aliyun.ddosbgp20171120.models;
import com.aliyun.tea.*;
public class DescribeTopTrafficRequest extends TeaModel {
/**
* <p>The end of the time range to query. This value is a UNIX timestamp. Unit: seconds.</p>
*/
@NameInMap("EndTime")
public String endTime;
/**
* <p>The ID of the on-demand instance.</p>
* <br>
* <p>> You can call the [DescribeOnDemandInstance](~~152120~~) operation to query the IDs of all on-demand instances.</p>
*/
@NameInMap("InstanceId")
public String instanceId;
/**
* <p>The CIDR block of the on-demand instance that you want to query.</p>
*/
@NameInMap("Ipnet")
public String ipnet;
/**
* <p>The number of the page to return. Default value: **1**.</p>
*/
@NameInMap("PageNo")
public Integer pageNo;
/**
* <p>The number of entries to return on each page. Default value: **10**. Maximum value: **50**.</p>
*/
@NameInMap("PageSize")
public Integer pageSize;
/**
* <p>The region ID of the on-demand instance.</p>
* <br>
* <p>> You can call the [DescribeRegions](~~118703~~) operation to query the most recent region list.</p>
*/
@NameInMap("RegionId")
public String regionId;
/**
* <p>The ID of the resource group to which the on-demand instance belongs in Resource Management.</p>
* <br>
* <p>If you do not specify this parameter, the instance belongs to the default resource group.</p>
*/
@NameInMap("ResourceGroupId")
public String resourceGroupId;
/**
* <p>The number of IP addresses from which the most traffic is forwarded. Default value: **1**, which indicates the IP address from which the most traffic is forwarded.</p>
*/
@NameInMap("Rn")
public Integer rn;
/**
* <p>The beginning of the time range to query. This value is a UNIX timestamp. Unit: seconds.</p>
*/
@NameInMap("StartTime")
public String startTime;
public static DescribeTopTrafficRequest build(java.util.Map<String, ?> map) throws Exception {
DescribeTopTrafficRequest self = new DescribeTopTrafficRequest();
return TeaModel.build(map, self);
}
public DescribeTopTrafficRequest setEndTime(String endTime) {
this.endTime = endTime;
return this;
}
public String getEndTime() {
return this.endTime;
}
public DescribeTopTrafficRequest setInstanceId(String instanceId) {
this.instanceId = instanceId;
return this;
}
public String getInstanceId() {
return this.instanceId;
}
public DescribeTopTrafficRequest setIpnet(String ipnet) {
this.ipnet = ipnet;
return this;
}
public String getIpnet() {
return this.ipnet;
}
public DescribeTopTrafficRequest setPageNo(Integer pageNo) {
this.pageNo = pageNo;
return this;
}
public Integer getPageNo() {
return this.pageNo;
}
public DescribeTopTrafficRequest setPageSize(Integer pageSize) {
this.pageSize = pageSize;
return this;
}
public Integer getPageSize() {
return this.pageSize;
}
public DescribeTopTrafficRequest setRegionId(String regionId) {
this.regionId = regionId;
return this;
}
public String getRegionId() {
return this.regionId;
}
public DescribeTopTrafficRequest setResourceGroupId(String resourceGroupId) {
this.resourceGroupId = resourceGroupId;
return this;
}
public String getResourceGroupId() {
return this.resourceGroupId;
}
public DescribeTopTrafficRequest setRn(Integer rn) {
this.rn = rn;
return this;
}
public Integer getRn() {
return this.rn;
}
public DescribeTopTrafficRequest setStartTime(String startTime) {
this.startTime = startTime;
return this;
}
public String getStartTime() {
return this.startTime;
}
}
| 38,762 |
https://github.com/BrianOdhiambo/Bank-Term-Deposit-Prediction/blob/master/src/models/main.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
Bank-Term-Deposit-Prediction
|
BrianOdhiambo
|
Python
|
Code
| 17 | 49 |
from sklearn.tree import DescisionTreeClassifier
from Data import data_loader
from predict_model import model_classifier
if __name__ == "__main__":
model_classifier()
| 29,928 |
sn86076999_1894-07-28_1_4_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,894 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 1,589 | 3,240 |
MORNING APPEAL TfeaCrletoil lV."fV V3 7 S ,p TVt. . .wr-ra MOt ViVVQ -.Si F2LLS. nronrtW il n n !IVf! PHI. luWgnot iinvi'. ot ruin a ixtni:. Cwalust. Cheapest. Easiest to Take. Howare of Imitation. rotttiJnlni; Poisonous Mn1fr:il. Alwuy nsk f.ir lr. 1'ierce'a 1'elH'ts wlilrli ire little sJ'ij;ar-c(.ttt.l I'tiu, or Anti- JioiiM Orumilt'S. ft l-'JZlt I -s j I f -I 1 - it' si ln Purely VerM:ile. T)r. riorpp'R Pel- j viMn,ii'nufHMiiiiui iiiMuruaiice to tln'Hvstcm t.tr occupation, i-nt up in Kins vi:tU. Imr fui'tt.nllv u-v,!. Alw.iVH fr.-sh mid rt liutir. vr.ey i-..i npotitio l:iiCt '. .,r un w-tivu pur v. u-k.u-.ami; i" wu.e t" ik.ze. DONUTBU x A V J- iV-S 's SfOKHEADAOHE Xinn ;i CTontlnrlir. I't- CARSON CITY- - NEVADA. S WING HACHINB . . ..T;:''.fWfx.S '". f ittiii)Hiiii, in. ,T3L. t; lvr,Hon liiini 3 hfli., ami till rli rana l it? y?V itu(4 1 the ! m:n lt SV&'T" '4U'I li'iwrN, urc .n lii'tl. .ft v relieved un.l p.riuut titlv r .' i, 'jr r:7a hy the T rr. ?..,, V.'PW'x l'lcn:'i!t t,lk-Hrti i vUi t. Il ! of i n- n iiif ti il in,., ir i t these l over f i Tiufn varirty t diseases. !t iiuty truthfully Im n..i 1 th;it ..i.cir iwi.n iipmi ln system iinivi d. i..t :i Klaml or tissue w i:.- their hunii' influence. Hol.l tv In., .-.u. f r2.i ii'im viiil. Xannfaotured u't 'in 4 :nM.ii':il hihorai en of World's lusi'KV v iy Mii:.t. Ast iatio.v, o. Ui3 Main Itll'liilo. .N. Y - v 00 REWARD IVJj'Sv 'rs of lr Saac's Catarrh j? Ilemeily, for a case of u- tarrb In tlic ISenri which they cannot cure. !VMITO,5H OF CATAIMtU Pull, henvy bou'huiie, o iruction of the nasal puisiu'es, i.".c;irtrR'S f;.linic from the head inli lljt throat, sometimes pror.iwe. water.. . mid urrld, at others, fiilfk. t'iuM.'ii:!. mucous, j.uruletit, til.. !y aiol pi.trul , the eye are weak u:i I watery ; t ..ere is a rlnr.iii:? tu tho ars, tli-atnes, li.u-kirt; or eriih'li i"! flear the throat, oxpert'i.-.itioii of olteiiMVC m.itter, t.i;etln r with seuhs front ul Tls the v ail is chaneil j;ui h.43 n ' nasn! Tt!iHK": the breath is otli-aiive; Hiiie'.l uivi (tisto uro inipaireil , there a seiiSiiti;i:i of ilizzi .iess, v. u li metit'il ilepressloTi, hacking 'ou-;h tt ;fMieral ilehiiity. nly u 1"V of thcalow .-auie l Ryniptuuis are likely to lie present iri i.y one oasi". TIiousu'kLs of r'i aiiiiu:il'y, jjfio.'.t n jileHt nn half ot ! v syni( oiaa, res:il iA consumption il i! in the : .. i .:ni use Ls m o in . i '. o and Jannerous, or less ui . : st . .1 by ihv- jians. ty its mlM, "oothlnn and h. , f - : r pertlrs, rr. ;sair'--'.s fi'tarrlt I'-me.ly ' i worst ,-h.sci of 4 .it.irrli. oiit : : -It.- ..eail," Vory n-i al.rr!iii lie; ..'.true jrugrglsts everyvber , .rie. ..ts. "I'ntolJ Asony from m;rri." Trof. W. IIrsNFB, the f.unoiis inesmorlst, rf Itinra, N. Y., writes: S me ten years iu;t I Buffered untold dijony from chrir'o n-isal ca tarrh. My family li'ivsician pa.' -c - n;i as inffiir''.e. and Mid I must ;ie. Jl- case was irnrh a had one, that every il..y, t nvards sunset, my v.'lco wool I become i hoarse I could kii'.. 1'pealt glHv a wliiitxr. - '!:o morning X. ocngiiiug and clearum f throat would toirostHtraulme. Hy the Vst of Hr. Satre's liiairrli Kemedy, in three month. I was u wll nd the cute has beea permanent." (cn.otaally Hawking and Splttlns " TnoMs J. RrsmNO, Esq., 2902 Tine Street, Pt. I.nuts, Mo., writes : " I was a great sufferer from catarrh for three years. At times I could tmrxiiv hraatbe, ai:i was constantly hawkint? ai:J Fplttlic and for taa last elcht months could not breath thrauch the nostril. I thought uothirff could be tlone fc r me. Luckily, I was nJvlstti titry lr. Hape'a Catarrh Hmdy, and X uu now a well man. I heliero It to be the Wily air rameiir fjt cau.rrh now manufac tured, and ene has only to ctvo It a fair trial to experience astounding result and a permanent cur " A rompM Treatise on Catarrh, irtvlnjr raln 0M hints ns to dothtog, Ht and other matters of importance, will be mailed, post-paid to any address, on reecl;t of a two-ent .r -we sutmp. Aiiiiexs, WotU"s DbpnMry Bed leal AssorUtloo, Vo. e9S Main Straat. BTTrrUA IC.T. v COPYRIGHTS. V COPYRIGHTS CAN I ORTATN A PATENT 1 For tiona strictly confidential. A Handbook of In formation concerning Patents and bow to ob tain to em sent free. Also a catalogue 01 mecnan- icai ana scieniinc dooks seni iree. Patents taken tbrousb Munn ft Co. reeelre speoial notice In the Scientific American, and thus are bro lght widely before the public wttb. oat coat to lhe inventor. This splendid paper, issued weekly, eleeai.i ly illustrated, has by far the largest circulation of any scientific work in the world. ;l r, year. urtiple copies sent free. Building K ution, monthly, tlM year, tinitle copies, 't& cents. Every number contains beau, tlful plates, in colors, and photographs of new houses, with lana, enabline nuilders to show the lutest deslirri- and se-ure contracts. Address ilL'.NN St CO, 'KW VUKK, J CI BKOAOWiT, Careats. Trads-msrks, Design Patents, Coprightj, And all Patent business conducted for MODERATE FEES. Information and advice given to Invent or without CbaTgo. Address PRESS CLAIMS CO.. JOHN WEDDERBURN, Managing Attorney, P. O. Box 46S. Washington, D. C. 9"Thti Company ls mans (red by a combination of the larpest and most Influential newspapers In the United States, for the express purpose of protect f nfr their ubeerlbere against unscrupulous and incompetent Patent Agents, and each pa;-cr printing this advertisement vouches for the rcipmiU JbUlty and hlh standing of the Press Claims Company. irroa want ihformatios about I Address a letter or postal csrd to TBK PHCM IXAENS fOHPAHT, IWH WEDDERBURN, Managing Attorney, P.O.Box 3. WASUiKUlON.D.C. . rrtSIONS PBOCCRED FOR SOLDIERS. WIDOWS. CHILDREN, PARENTS. A lso, for Soldiers and Sailors disabled in the line of fluty in the rwsrwlmr Army or Navy alnrothe war. Survivors of the Indian wars of 1K12 to 1843, and tuelr widows, now entitled. Old and rejected claims a spontslty. Thousands entitled to lilerher rates. Bead for new laws, iio cnarge for advice. Ho fee uual successful. v7 i i i Job Work of. Every Kind. EXECUTED IN THE BEST STYLE. OM A DISTANCE VE SEEX THE G TilcLoughlin, o!s Agsn! CAKSOX CITY. XKVA1JA Will Receive Prompt Attention. The Best of Material Constantly on Hand. Briefs, Transcripts, Letter Heads, Nate Heads, Bill Heads, Statements, Business Cards, Vouchers, Pay Rolls, Express Tags. Weddinsr Cards. Ball xu v inuuuuu) o 7 n Tickets, Visiting Cards, Hand Bills, En velopes, Posters, Circulars and Stock Circulars. ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY FURNISHED. t b 3 r .C mri -i -i 2 O M t-ei -t t - -1 B! S3 - 5 S " 3 . - 7 n i5: p - - o - & fl - - m e '' '. g - ::::sy;i;r( 1 - - XV PENSIONS! Being located near the Govern ment Departments we are able to give your claims better attention than attorneys located elsewhere. Special attention given to difficult and rejected claims. If your present attorney does not suit you, and is slow, write us. Soldiers who havo lost their discharges can obtain new ones. Charges of desertion removed. No fee unless you get a pension. Advice FREE. Soldiers pensioned at less than twelve ($12) per month, and suffering from disability in addi tion to that named in their pension certificate may obtain increase under the new law. It is not nec&sary for you to have gotten any ailiueots in war to get pensioned under the new law. Pensions for widows and child ren without regard to cause of sol dier's death; mothers and fathers who are now dependent, whether they were dependent on soldier when he died or not. Pensions obtained for service rendered in Mexican and Indian wars. Mexican pensions can now be increased to $12 a month. Suspended pensions restored. PATENTS. Caveats, Trade Marks, Designs, Copyrights and all Patent business conducted for Moderate Fees. In formation and advice given to inven tors without charge. Address, The Aorniaii Claim Agency, Box 1U7. Washington, D. C sll PHOTOGRAPH GALLiElti. 838 MARKET STREET. T' Bfiiading Gallery In San Frai.i claco, Cal. s-TorTJLAB Prices. nit'.; Poultry supplies and Appliances Incubators and Brooders. Sole Agents for Hydro Safety Lamps for Incubators and Brooders. Cynolina for disinfecting and killing ver mine. Raven's Horse, Cattle and Poultry Food. Nish bet's Tonic Poultry Powder. Manufacturer of Croley's California Poultry Remedy for roup, swelled-head and all diseases of tho head, e'es and throat of fowls. Anglo-American ltemeaies. 1. varieties, warranted to cure. No. G Pills fr Piir,ems Kvfry thing for Fanciers and Breeders. Write for what 3'ou want. sT Easily, Quick!;, Permanently Ref tcred. WEAKNESS, NERVOUSNESS, DEBILITY, and all the train of evils f romoarly erroi H) r later xc-se. the results of ovei-w ork, sickness, worry, etc. Full strength, development n.l t,.n ftlven to every organ and tK.rtlon f the IvKly. Simple, natural met In mIs. ImiiiediateiniproiremeDt seen. Failure Impon-thle. a.l"J referene-H. explanation and proofs mulled (sealed ) free. ERIE MEDICAL CO. BUFFALO. N. Y. (ESTABLISHED 1879.) TALUMA INCUBATOR 0(5! Petaluma, Cal. o INCUBATORS, BROODERS, B0NTE MILLS, WIRE NETTING, LATH FENCING, EGG FOOD, ROOP-CURE, POULTRY BOOKS, CAPONIZING INSTRUMENTS, all kinds of O S tf.
| 28,498 |
https://github.com/NovacaineWinter/NBCclone/blob/master/resources/assets/public/setup/bootstrap.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
NBCclone
|
NovacaineWinter
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 185 | 786 |
import Vue from 'vue';
import axios from 'axios';
import VueRouter from 'vue-router';
import vueSmoothScroll from 'vue-smooth-scroll';
import VueCarousel from 'vue-carousel';
import { fas } from '@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons'
import { library } from '@fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core'
import { FontAwesomeIcon } from '@fortawesome/vue-fontawesome'
//add FA icons that we use
import { faPencilAlt } from '@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons'
library.add(faPencilAlt)
import { faQuestionCircle } from '@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons'
library.add(faQuestionCircle)
import { faStoreAlt } from '@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons'
library.add(faStoreAlt)
import { faMapMarkerAlt } from '@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons'
library.add(faMapMarkerAlt)
import { faArrowCircleDown } from '@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons'
library.add(faArrowCircleDown)
import { faTwitter } from '@fortawesome/free-brands-svg-icons'
library.add(fas, faTwitter)
import { faFacebookSquare } from '@fortawesome/free-brands-svg-icons'
library.add(fas, faFacebookSquare)
import { faInstagram } from '@fortawesome/free-brands-svg-icons'
library.add(fas, faInstagram)
import { faLinkedin } from '@fortawesome/free-brands-svg-icons'
library.add(fas, faLinkedin)
import { faYoutube } from '@fortawesome/free-brands-svg-icons'
library.add(fas, faYoutube)
import './setupRoutes.js';
import './navbarItems.js';
import '../base/baseSetup.js';
/*Load module components*/
import '../loadComponents';
/*load dynamic components*/
window.axios = axios;
window.Vue = Vue;
window._ = require('lodash');
/* Setup Axios */
window.axios.defaults.headers.common['X-Requested-With'] = 'XMLHttpRequest';
window.axios.defaults.baseUrl = document.head.querySelector("[property=siteurl]").content;
let token = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="csrf-token"]');
if (token) {
window.axios.defaults.headers.common['X-CSRF-TOKEN'] = token.content;
} else {
console.error('CSRF token not found: https://laravel.com/docs/csrf#csrf-x-csrf-token');
}
/* setup vue */
Vue.use(VueRouter);
Vue.use(vueSmoothScroll);
Vue.use(VueCarousel);
//vue component for FA icons
Vue.component('font-awesome-icon', FontAwesomeIcon)
| 29,897 |
bub_gb_bSoOSreS5XQC_3
|
Italian-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,833 |
Specimen de fortuna latinitatis ; Accedunt poemata varia meditata et extemporalia
|
Marco Faustino Gagliuffi
|
Italian
|
Spoken
| 6,676 | 12,899 |
Chi muse ed arti han culto; d’umano ardir miracolo Mole riva qui s’erge del Vaticano pinnacolo; Qui tutto ha vita, e tributaria l’onda Cerchia e feconda — alla città il senso. Digitized by Google Qui militanti pulcherrimo agmine Te subsequetur gentis amor tuo : Adesto, adesto. Audite, eia Caesar adest, iterate plausum, Hicne a gi, tot qui rite laboribus Insigne vovit magnanimus caput Ut victor Europa stupenti Jura dare et placitamque pacem l Serena frons est, blandum oculis jubilus Totus benigna nocte quietior Fultus renidet; pulsa gratis Interea fremuit aura votis. Sic victurus olim qui sapientiae Commotus aura Rex prior extulit Fatale templum, foederisque Perpetui celebravit arcam , Fertur paralis impiger otiis Fidele Orontis myrrhae lituus Tyrumque palmosamque Idumen, Et pelago data vela Rubro : , Il lume anteihat publica faustitas Spargens frequentem flore viam novo , Il lume et peregrinis adibat Leda 'coelis redimita serit s ; Curru ille ab alto desiliens, velut Si cara natis brachia panderet , Explere prudens gestiebat Lavacuiae hifacecta legis. 77 Chi di volante campo, chi di falange immobile Ti sarà Tamer di’ sudditi pompa e corteo più nobile ... Vieni invocato, ah Vindex •••• Ecco, mirate. Plausi iterate — Viene Augusto, e vieni. Che vengo? è questi il Grande, quei che sacro magnanimo Di tante cure al pondo l’augusto capo e l’animo, Onde all’Europa che stupisce e tace Leggi e pace — daresse vincitori Calma serena ha in fronte, splendor ne’ rai vivifico, Qual cheta notte estiva, o il volto suo pacifico ; Mentre d’intorno a lui l’eco giuliva Replica i viva — di letizia e onore. Tale l’augurato erede della magnifica Cui tanta in mente e in petto aura spirato fatidica, Quel saggio Re che all’arca dell’eterno Patto superno — il fatale tempio alzò. Felice peregrino percorse l’odorifera Piaggia del Sirio Oronte, Tiro e Idumea palmifera E del mare Eritreo l’onda fedele A cui le vele — di Sion fidò: Lui, prima non vista, ingenui mirti spargendo ed edere, Godeva la sorridente felicità precedere, E a lui molti accorrean Prenci coperti D’estranii serti — offrendo omaggio e fè ; Egli per via degnando dall’alto cocchio scendere. Qual se volesse ai figli le care braccia stendere, Vedeva contento in suo sapere compiuti ‘ Gli almi statuti — del Profeta e Re. ANNOTAZIONI Fu veramente solenne e lietissima l’entrata dell' Imperatore Francesco in Milano. Si allude alla porta detta Renza od Orientale, tanto ammirata per il bellissimo corso denominato da essa. POEMATA AB AVCTORE RECOGNITA INDEX Prolegomena. 4. .... Pag. 35 Navis Ragusina. ... » 38 Versione del signor Lazzaro Papi. » 39 Annotazioni. » 53 Pietas domestica ,. » 56 Versione del conte Spitalieri di Cessole , » 87 Annotazioni ...» 63 Consolatio. ... ' ’. » 66 Versione del precessore Isnardi. ...» 67 Annotazioni. •. • » 72 Felix adventus. • ”74 Versione del signor Felice Romani. » 75 Annotazioni .... » 77 POEMATA EXTIMPORALIA AB AMICIS COLLECTA ET ITALICIS COMMENTARIIS ILLUSTRA PROOEMUM Carminum extemporalium, quibus fortuitam et prope semper jocosam opem aedimus, ipsa etiam cura sonitii memoria periisset, nisi alieno consilio fuissent conservata et edita. Licet autem in quibusdam rebus nostrarum collectionibus nimis indulgenter et nimis honorifice de nobis disseratur, aperte tamen agemur, publica quaedam et solemnia illustrium virorum testimonia saepe nobis in incerta fortuna miser incipere arrisisse. Quum enim quidam homines, calamitosis temporibus pertranstabat, nostram sentiendi agendaque rationem leviter iudicarent, nulloque nobiscum caritatis et justitiae vinculo tenere viderentur, optandum nobis erat, ut aliqua, eorum etiam ad aures, fama perveniret non tam ingenti quam dignitatis et patientiae nostrae. Despueerimus et nos aliquando (quotus autem quisque est qui auderett innocentiam praesalire, lapidemque in desipientes proiacere?); sed Deus nobis testis est, nos ita maxima aetatis partem exegisse, ut mel adolescentes qui nos audiebant et diligebant frequentissimi, ad virtutem et laborem impelleremus, vel inopes et infelicis qui auxilium implorabant, tota animi contentionae tueremur, vel, quum ab utroque et magisterii et patrocinii munere sineulla culpa recesseramus, non omnino otiosi nobisque ipsis iniucundi perrnemus. In Deo posita erat spes nostra. Philosophiam christianam secutis iniurias tamquam morbos Digilized by Google Ho Sacerdotem benebaciis tamquam bona valetudine ad hilaritatem utebamur. Amicos nacti sumus, quales vulgo esse solent, Umores; quales vero esse debent, paucissimos sed egregios sed integerrimos, sed nobis vita prope ipsa carissimos. Lettera del signor Marchese Gian Carlo di Negro al signor Avvocato Nicola Tavesio Il mio Gagliuso mi scrive che voi avete già le collezioni dei suoi versi latini estemporanei stampate in Parigi, in Verona, in Venezia, in Alessandria, ed in Milano. Io vi mando una che ho avuta manoscritta dal defunto avvocato Giuseppe Scaramucci di Roma, ed una che ho formata io stesso in vari viaggi fatti in compagnia dell’amico, e nella mia antica famiglia – quelli con lui. Spero che per graziosa ricompensa della mia puntualità mi manderete a posta corrente un esempio dell’edizione vostra. Dite intanto al Gagliuso che per me, e per gli amici nostri comuni sarà il giorno solenne quello in cui sarà consacrato nella mia villetta il monumento che desideriamo da molti anni, ma sarà giorno anche più lieto quello in cui abbracceremo lui stesso. Con tutta considerazione, Gian Carlo di Negro. Risposta. Grazie alla vostra gentilezza. Le due raccolte Romana e Genovese, che vi compiacete affidarmi, onde siano riunite con quelle che mi erano già presenti, renderanno molto più cara agli amatori delle lettere la collezione generale degli improvvisi del nostro Siro Gagliuni. Io mi sono dilettato nell’ordinarla in un modo semplicissimo ed opportuno all’interno. Valendomi quasi sempre delle parole dei raccoglitori rispettabili che hanno dato splendide testimonianze della loro stima ed amicizia all’egregio latinista, io non avrò che il merito di aver con poca fatica assicurato l’esistenza materiale d’un bel monumento letterario. La moderazione che mi è stata prescritta dallo stesso autore di tanti versi ammirabili, non mi permette neppure del proemio dopo quello che egli stesso mi ha incaricato di porre innanzi alla tua collezione; ma non potrò dispensarmi dal cominciare collassi col graziosissimo saluto vostra che gli è tanto onorifica, e di questa mia che sarà un pegno della mia distinta considerazione verso di voi, signor Marchese gentilissimo, a cui mi raccomando. Digizzato da Google RACCOLTA ROMANA 83 Questa raccolta si deve alla lettera seguente manoscritta del signor marchese avvocato Scanagatti al signor marchese Di Nigro, in data di Roma, 8 giugno 1818. Nessuna inchiesta potevate farmi che mi fosse più gradita. Discepolo del Gagliano negli miei verdi anni, mi ricordo con trasporto di tenerezza i suoi precetti ed i tratti di sua amicizia. E permettete che io vi dica che non saprei se ami più il Gagliano per il suo carattere ingenuo e benigno, o lo stimo per i suoi rari talenti. Io ho fatte tutte le diligenze per raccogliere il più che si potesse dei suoi improvvisi latini nell’Arcadia, ed in altre Società illustri di Roma; ma con sommo mio rincrescimento ora dico, che non ho trovato che poche cose o ritenute da altri, o scritte da lui stesso ad istanza di quelli che lo circondavano ed impegnavano a scriverle, finché ne aveva calda la sua prodigiosa memoria. Giovi il dirti, per illustrare la storia del fenomeno, di cui si tratta, che il Gagliuffi non pensava neppure ad essere improvvisatore latino. Un onesto sdegno lo rendeva tale; ed ecco come. Il chiarissimo sig. Gherardo de Rossi in una privata adunanza arcadica recitò un sonetto. Era presente il celebre traduttore dell’Iliade signor abate Cunich concittadino ed amico del giovetto professore a cui disse = Questo sonetto potrebbe tradursi in un epigramma di due distici = Il Gagliuffi percosso da queste parole s'immerso nel pensiero della traduzione, e senza prestare veruno’ attenzione ad altri componimenti che si recitarono, disse sul finire dell’arcadia la traduzione appunto in due distici. Colpito il signor de Rossi protestò non aver dato a veruno conoscenza di questo sonetto. La compagnia fece plauso a questo saggio del Gagliuffi, Disgraziatamente o fortunatamente il famoso signor conte Gastone della Torre Rezzonico disse in una compagnia che lo sforzo supposto del Gagliuffi era probabilmente un accordo col Rossi. Il Gagliuffi lo seppe, e nobilmente provò al signor Conte il torto del sospetto. Infatti otto giorni dopo vi fu adunanza solenne degli arcadi, alla quale intervenne la marchesa Chiara Cacciapiatti di Novara. Il conte della Torre che qualche ora prima aveva sentito da questa signora la disposizione d’intervenire, s’impegnò a comporre e compose, senza scrivere, un sonetto che poi recitò nell’Arcadia, dicendo = Mi si conceda di dire un sonetto estemporaneo = Fu detto; ma che? Terminato appena la recita, si alza in piedi il Gagliuffi acceso in volto, e disse = Traduzione dei sonetto estemporaneo = È incredibile il piacere che fu destato in tutta la brigata, tanto più che il Conte abbracciò e baciò in pubblico il suo traduttore, dicendo = Il mio sonetto può dirsi estemporaneo, ma la traduzione che mi sorprende, è veramente tale = Allora presto, presto fu scritto l’originale e la traduzione; ed ecco entrambi uno e l’altra. SONETTO Del Conte Giovanni Gastone della Torre Rezzonico per la marchesa Cacciapiatti e progli arcadi Leucippe, del 3 febbraio 1792. Se torni al margine del sonante Anfitrione, Febo, d’Admeto oblia il armento Per mirar di Leucippe il roseo viso, Che vai ben cento buoi, pecore cento. Tu dal desiderio d’amore vinto e conquiso Sarai, che unqua non fosti ad arder lento. Ma pur la nuova Dafne in lei ravviso, E sino preda i tuoi sospiri del vento. Tu già l’insegui, ma pietoso il finemente Se anche mutasse in verde allora coste, Tu nulla ne trarresti, o biondo Numine Che io tutte a piena mano carpir vorrei Le care fronde, e lieto oltre il costume D’averne ombreggiata la mia fronte andrei. FINE F. Gagliuffi Se forte Amphitrite riede al pascolo, Febo, Sperne Thessaliaei, qui placuere, greges Leucippe et visa, caris torquebere curas; Altera sed Daphne est illa, futura libens. Persequere: incedet vani secura furoris; Vita sed arboribus carpare si steterit. Nulla tibi hinc mercès. Unus folia omnia carpam, Temporaque insueto laeta decoro tegam. Finisce Roma conveniente con questa tradizione era migliore Del originale. Io intanto mi ricordo che era preciale, quando animato da questo successo, pochi mesi dopo, Traduceva nell’Arcadia anche gli improvvisi interi della celebre Bandettini, e quando interrogato, come poteva superare sì grande difficoltà, rispose all’erudito signor Cardinale Borgia = Eminenza, il mio caro Virgilio lo dica per me. Hos successus alit: possunt, quia possent videri: ed io dopo il primo tentativo non infelice nel tradurre il sonetto del conte della Torre, posso dire che potei, quia potebam. Intanto, poche furono le adunanze arcadiche nelle quali il Gagliardi non facesse delle traduzioni improvvise dei componimenti di Godard, di Monti, di Lombardi, di Bondi, di Berardi, e altri poeti di grido. Alcune di quelle furono scritte, ma non si trovano, e moltissime tra sciolte dall’autore che le riguardava come scherzi. Ne avete qui pochissimi. Il marchese ambasciatore Angelucci recitò un sonetto mandatogli dal marchese Gregorio Casali sulla morte di Tisbe, cagnuletto schiacciato dalla ruota di una carrozza; ed invitò il Gagliardi a tradurlo. Non ho l'originale; ma la traduzione fu giudicata molto migliore. Essa era più chiara, più semplice, e molto più bella. Ecco: "O rota, siste gradum, vet, si cupis ustique moveri, Multas, et dalaes solis inire vias. Sed quid vana loquor! Calali heu! nil tale timentis Pars melior factis evolat exuvis!" Ipse novum sidus geminas ubi viserit Arctos, Olii, spero quidem, Sitius invideat. At rota Tartareis ardens, immota qua in umbris Esto iuxta tristior una rota. Suscitatore in men, ubi stantem vides posse Quid frustra in terris deprecor dominam. Illas animas iter, quas tertius excipit aether. Est tali visa in aquis palchra, severa minuta, Arreptaque manu, mecum in istis aedibus, inquit Excipere, meus me nisi fallit amor. Ipsa ego sum, tantae quae te per opaca vidi Duxit, et expletos occidit ante dies. Humana litigi nequeunt mea gaudio mente. Te modo qua, quasque tibi tam nituisse canis, Quasque libens posui, supera haec ut regna tenerem. Formosi exuvias corporis, ipsa moror. Ah! quis dicentem rapuit Deus! Ah! mihi sanctam, Cur sanctam invidit protinus illa nimium?! Nam mihi tantillum deerat pia dicta bibenti, Ne Comes aeterni sis coercer ipse chori. Digitized by Google Il Gagliuso era più contento della traduzione d’altro Sonetto celebre, quello cioè del Zappi sulla statua di Mosè fatta dal Bonarroti = Chi è costui? Ecquis in hoc tantus sedet heros marmore a quo nihil Arte laboratuii splendidiore fuit! La hara ecquis tali motat spirantia mota, Potior iam vera illinc surgere verbo putem. En Moese, Barham novi, quae plurima mento est, Et - quae bina gravi coma fronte micant. En Moese! sacro tantus de vertice venit, Viso 'piena gerens pectora et ora Deo. Talis erat Olympis, lucus disiunxit aquas, Coniunctisque hostes obruit aequoribus. O qui olim vitulo, lapidi huic si thura dedisses, Heu! Iudaee, minari fors tua culpa fors. Simile alla precedente è la traduzione del bellissimo Sonetto del Filicaia sull'Provvidenza = Qual madre i figli ecc. Ceu gnatos circum aspiciens dulcissima mater Tota pios avido pascit amore oculos : Basiat huic fontem, fovet hunc amplexibus et dot Alteri habere pedes, alteri habere gena: Atque ubi mohilium variantia vota animorum Agnovity lacrimas conscia et ora tuens Huic blanda arridens verbis hunc increpat, uno Ira sed et risus sunt in amore pares ; Haud secus aeterni vis provida Numine instat Usque vigilis recreat, consulit, audit, adest. Et quum dona negar, vel vult prece supplice flecti, Felix et quae tute libens sibi negata, dedit. Digitized by Google Simile è anche la traduzione del celebre Sonetto del Marini = Aperì uomo infelice cec Quum puerum miserae satis virulorum iucundam Vitae Materno gravis hic excipit aura sinu, Ante oculos lacrimis pascit quam lice, tenaces Detrectans vincto corpore fascinodis. Tum vero assueto depulsus ab ubere matris Inviso sequitur tempora longa sors, Quod postquam valida evulsit cervice, molestas Ancipiti mutai sorte et amore vices. Quot dein et quantos miser huic dolet usque dolores, Quum regit effoetum sordida arando latus ! Iamque obit et parva ignotus putatur in urna ! Hei mihi, nonne ortum iungi obitumque putes ? Vi sono moltissimi simili componimenti del Gagliardi, cioè; poemetti, elegie, inni, odi liriche, epigrammi che formerebbero un grosso volume. Io non credo opportuno raccogliere tante cose da lui scritte con maturità, mentre voi cercate degli improvvisi. Eccovi due improvvisi fatti, uno in casa mia, l’altro in pubblica scuola. Il mio buon padre parlando della precisione delle lingue chiese al Gagliardi se si potrebbe tradurre in due versi l’epigramma del Boileau = Ci sono mia moglie: questo è bene Per il mio riposo e per il suo. Gagliuffi pensò un momento, e sorridendo disse: In due non saprei, in uno sì; eccolo = Heic mea sta coniux; benefactum! sic bene utrique est. Ed in due, rispose il mio padre? Il Gagliuffi allora; Hoc iacet in tumulo mea coniux: o benefactum! Olii sic requies, sic mihi parta quies. In pubblica scuola un mio compagno chiese con una bonomia, che ci fece ridere tutti, se era vero che il diavolo avesse scritto quel distico : Flos fueratactus, florem fortuna sfolit: Florentem horenm florida flaret Il Gagliuffi colla solita piacevolezza, per cui era adorato dai suoi migliori scolari, gli rispose : Amico, se mai il diavolo fosse autore di questi versi, ditegli, vi prego, se avrete la disgrazia di trovarvi con lui, che in verità compone assai male, accoppiando parole senza senso. E rivoltandosi a noi, facciamo, disse, qualche cosa di meglio. Io lo pregai che si facesse un distico, cominciando ogni parola col D, e noi stessi col suo aiuto in pochi minuti abbiamo messo assieme il distico esplicitamente un voto degli scolari alla dea Diana : Debita discipulus divae Dianae: Votesci discipulo det dea dextra dies. Cercherò altre cose, e non mancherò di mandarvelene; ma mentre era per chiudere questa lettera ormai lunga, trovo copia stampata d’un improvviso che fu fatto in una numerosa compagnia, in cui si propose per la traduzione un sonetto in lode della celeberrima cantatrice signora Bertinotti. Virginiae miserum dum belle imitari amorem, Et facili argutos exitus ore modos, Fou' tua dulce sonant, ceu fons Heliconidi undae, Aut philomela sui deliotium nimioris. Tu potes admirare fidibus calamovem in superbela, L'entiere attonita auritus iniuria. Et quaeumque malus potitur pudore et tua virtus, Corda inhiantum in te flectere romulidum. Salve, o dulce decus charitum, formosa puellula, Salve, o castalis inter habenda dea. Scilicet Euterpe si te audiat ipsa concinentem, Tantillum, credo, palleat invidia. Siamo obbligati della conservazione di questo bel pezzo al dottissimo signore Luigi Lamberti, che pregò il Gagliuffi di scriverlo subito, e che, disse me presente = Che bella aurea cosa! Il mio cuore giubìlo, come giubilò nel salutare voi, mio stimatissimo signore Marchese. Giuseppe Andrea Scaramucci. RACCOLTA PARIGINA I signori marchese Gaspare Sauli e cavaliere Luigi Lamberti, per opera di amanuensi, procurarono che si scrivesse ciò che nella conversazione del signor cavaliere Giuseppe Fravega, ministro plenipotenziario in Parigi, avrebbe improvvisato il famoso Gianni, e ciò che il professore Gagliuffi avrebbe, come si sperava, tradotto all’improvviso, e coll’aiuto della sola sua memoria. L’esperimento fu finito, e se ne ebbero l'indomani gli esemplari colle stampe Didot. A tenore però d’une istruzione speciale dello stesso Gagliuffi, qui non si riporta dalla raccolta Didot, se non la traduzione opportuna modificata delle diciotto ottave italiane sull’assedio di Genova. Sublimi mecitans e rupe Britannia vidit Italiana extremis am dantem cum catenis; Et leviter risi. Ligures sed conscia turres Austria stare inquit, sociamque invitae ad arma. Annuit illa libens: nutu maria omnia turbai Et tua monstra jubet scopulis erumpere ab altis. Pestifero alterius manat de lumine terror, Terror supremae per litora nuntius liorae: 'Alteis macies, qua se det cumque videndam. Per miseros ieiuna cadunt animantia canipos: Quod superest, niovet arma feijox, aut incitai ignem, Cunctaque sanguineis gaudet miscere ruinis. Erupere! Fx’emens, eia ile, Britannia clamai, O Furiae ; et bellum pestemque famemque parate. Vix ea : mars ligurem terra m , penuria litus Obtinuit, volitansque cava mors nube pependit. Quis mihi det centum liuguas , ut cuncta dolenti Dinumerem mala dura sono, slupeanique nepoles Digilìzed by Googl 95 m povlis murisque adstant, socia agmina , Galli, t Ligures pectus prò libertate datori, nivomis contra protecti navibus hgsles , la datur, Edum properant discìndcre vallimi, t obsessa cobors , none ceu marpesia rupes enibus insislit , nunc campo infertur aperto, in , non sic rapido fluvius sata corripit alveo, caelum Enceladus llaminis et pumice adurget, •ra nec ^Ipestres quassat treniefacta penates, patrio in luctù ligiiris furit iinpetus irae. < c strident contorti enses ciirrusque miuaces, c quadrupes moriens morientia corpora tundit, ra tonént, reboant montes, premitui’que viro vir; nova semianimes meditantiir vulnera turmae. istriadas suns Urget bonor, sua fama Rritannos: la salus Liguri Galloque baud velie salutem; um furia undanli nondum satiala cruore erlitur, ut Lybicos impasta leaena per agros. cd quae spes urbi ? terraque raarique minatur lostis atrox, clausisque instai circum undique portis. on trilicum feri ulla ralis , non villicus agnam: Pugna'ces slernuntur equi calulique fideles. liostili in campo renim omnis copia. Moesti Panem, orant panem moesto cum milite cives ; Et miserae matres pueris lacrimantibus , ebeu ! Vbera protendunt iam lacle carentia dulci. Perculiunt aliae pectus : furit altera ponlum Inspiciens , saevique , iiiquit, miserescile naulae , Ilic, qui utero latitai, puer ecquid praestilit? olii Parcite, crudeles, reliquia si parcere durum est. Altera prolem inhians, sicca et tellure moveri Posse negar, pressoque trahens suspiria corde, Dum gemitum ingeminans puer ipso in pectore malris Lactis aegitis, clausisque oculis moriturus adhaerect. Nec mora: delirius monstrum secreta venenae, Expirat, et nigro conspergit moloria tabo ! Ait silet, dulcedine tecturatur caligine caeli, Attonitique trahunt sese iuvenesque senesque. Froh! Superi. Obscurus vapores omnia compita replet, Ignotusque agitat praecordia languida motus. Quaque solatii ratio? misera sedet ille sub umbra, Hic male curvato trepidat vix poplite nixus; Est et qui subito prostratus turbine vanam Foschit opem, et media moritur resupinus in urbe. Nocte nulla quies : pluit ignis : concremit aether ! Nil sub sole novo, nisi peior mortis auctor. Fandis aptus, frustra imperat acrior hostis: Effera libertas recipit hostem in tecta recusat. O Genua, o quondam felix ! quis talia cernens, Quis teneat lacrimas ? nullo non sterneris hoste ; Dira fames et dira lues et dira voluntas Imminet! infelix ! non sola Britannia, non te Austria sola premit: serpunt in moenibus angues.. Sed satis, heu! tantos refugit mea musa labores. RACCOLTA SECONDA PARIGINA Per gentilezza del chiarissimo signor dottore Trompeo, che nell'arco decorso si è trovato in Parigi col professore Gagliuffi, abbiamo quanto segue: Il barone Cuvier, di cui la repubblica letteraria ha recentemente pianto la perdita, trovandosi in casa del signor Domenico André, per compagnia di alcuni bambini che gli stavano accanto, intagliava con le forbici e con ammirabile prestezza sulle carte da gioco bellissimi cani, cervi, e cose simili. Il professore Gagliuffi, sorpreso anche da questa abilità di quel grand'uomo, disse scherzando che il Cuvier era un savio spaventevole, e fu obbligato a rendere ragione di questo detto, scrivendo sulle sei carte che rimanevano i seguenti sei distici: Te dixi horrendum, Cuvier, et dicere possum: Horror prodigiis religiosus inest, Quod si te horrendum dicit piget, obequisco te Prodigium Verbo simpliciore voco! Quidni? cunctarum doctrina et gratia rerum Quando ullum quaerent invenientque parem? Nec tibi scire sat est, quod millia multa sophorum, Multa potiorum millia scire queunt, Ast, ut mihi video, cervosque equitesque canesque Tara facile artifici scis simulare manu, Ut prope clamorim, te certe aut aether ab alto, Aut helleno stygio numen adesse lacu. La signora duchessa Brignole d'Alberga disse al professore, che egli aveva fatto dei versi per la sua madre, e per lei stessa, né doveva negarne qualcuno per la sua alitta. Il professore rivolto alla damigella, disse: Multa aviae matrique tuae mea carmina vovi; Haec noudum, o virgo, debita vota libens; Nam sis palam licet, sis daro e sanguine nata, Sis pia, sis studiis fortiter apta bonis. Pace tua, qual satis est. Tunc te landabere, quum te Quisque aviae aut matri dixent esse parem. Il celebre professore Andrieux, che faceva la sua lezione sulla sensibilità, veduto il Gaglio nella folla, lo salutò sul fin dell'aula eccitandolo a lasciare un distico in memoria del suo intervento. Il latinista epilogò in versi tutti i capitoli dell’ allora sentita lezione, e fu obbligato a scrivere i versi che disse, sullo stesso scritto del signor Andrieux. Eccoli; Audivi et stupui! Nemo te suavior uno est, Andrieux, o palmaris mens et honorque lyrae. Audivi, qualis feliciter excita motu lucundis gaudet mens animi lucebris. Audivi, qualis crudeli ter excita motu Mens animi vario saepe dolore dolet. Audivi, ut mentem corpus vel temperamentum actas, Ut trepidai certos nympha pudica dies, Ut melior mens est studiis nutrita Latinis, Ut laudanda bonus praelia Francus agit, Ut fluit ingenui Fontaini fabula simplex, Digna quidem ingenio, dare Poeta tuo. Audivi; et quamvis latiali ex aequore quondam Adfuerit votis lux sat amica mens, Nunc tamen haud ausim veteres Tennovare labores, Sic praesente meam tollere sole facem. Plaudite vos, Vati, qui Franciae ad praemia lauri Vos idem exemplo consilioque trahas: Plaudite; nam plausus dare iustus atque mereri Vos bona sub tanto Mentore fata jubent. » Scilicet obstupui tua primum lumina ceriens, Quis, quisnam, ignoro, sed tamen ignis inest, Obstupui toto circum peiintentia muro Ipsa tua sepultuaria. haec monumenta manus; Obstupui; et quoniam nunc vis me maior adurget, Accipe, quae laeta singulitere famam. Musa mea est paucis, tua gentibus obvia cunclis: Laetabor, tabulam tu caput, mutus ego; Et, qui pinxisti laureatim magna Corinnae, Et quod Ducis risit in ore decus, Cantharumque meum et gustam Talmamque dolentes, Maiorem et magnis Napoleona viris; Finge aliquem nostrum, mutato nomine, Theseum. Noscentem quidquid terra erebusque tenent, Finge tot egregios, qui te venerantur araicos: Gloria multa illis, gloria multa tibi; Quin, si vis, par-Tum in turba me pinge poetam. Donantem capiti laurea sua tuo. La dotta ed esemplare signora contessa De Bradi invitò il professore a dire qualche scherzo sul merito, d’una giovinetta, che aveva cantato; ed egli disse: Quorum parva est nido primam petit arboris umbram Incertos tentai sic philomela modos, DigiliZato da Google LVSVS 'POETICVS FAVSTINI * GAGNIVS DIE • xnn • ANTE • GAL ' DEC • MDCCCXXXI QVA ; DIE • LVTETVM • REVISENS • COMITEM • ANTONIVM t SORGVM SIRI ’ OCCVRRENTEM salvatavit Salve o , nec fallor , Sorge o suavissime Sorge, En te meque decem post prope seda simul. Eloquere , et ride , veteremque amplectere amicum , Et , quali liceat vīvei'e in urbe , doce, Haec ne urbs francigenum , victis quae clarior Umbria Extulerat tantum sidera ad alta caput? Lagrangaeus ubi est? Vbi Gambacerius? Anne Mongaeum cecidit Laplaciumque decus ? ^ Quid Deliliaeum memorera divina canentem, Quid tot laurigeros, nomina prima, duces , Fatalemque virum , quo cuncta domante stupebant, Quo domito gentes obstupuere magia? Digīlzatum by Google Sed tulerunt. vlla /ata aUos; |anct te adfore salvum Aspectus alacrem gratulor esse meo. Nobis ! quoties A’vei , quum te languere , tuaque Audivi vix te scribere posse manu ! ' Veiussem, iuro; sed , ne securus abirem ^ ; Obstabant vario signa nefasta modo. Interea illusit mihi sol, atque auspice sole Optatum vidi, quod meditabar, iter. Nos, eia, banc totam , parvo hoc lucente camino, Hanc totam deceat fallere , amice , diem , Et, quam sors nostris det caussam "cumque loquelis, Sillit amota qualibet arte loqui , Atque agere , ut geminae post parvula pensa sorores Lusitantem patrii flota vireta-soli , Quae nunc Vamo agitant fontem, nunc currere gaudent, Aut ornant facili pectora pura tymo ; Non illas curiabit vano spes excita vīsu , Non cura, iniustae mentis acerba coines. Queste raccolte uscite dalle stampe Paolo Libanti si devono alle cure del dotto signor conte Giuseppe dalla Riva, di cui giova il riportare la prefazione e gli argomenti delle poesie che abbiamo estratte. POESIA Il celebre Gagliuffo, tornato dalla Baviera in compagnia del conte Francesco Annoni, soggiornò alcune settimane in Verona, e partì di qui lasciando cara e perenne ricordanza. La Musa di Virgilio e di Orazio a lui familiare non si rimase dall'ispirargli anche sulle rive dell'Adige molti di quei versi estemporanei, che in altre contrade d'Italia ed oltramonti, o creasse egli o traducesse, ammirati già furono come cimento piuttosto unico che raro. Li cercavano con amore i Veronesi: crebbe in fine il desiderio di averne in entera la raccolta. Parve a me che aggiungere la veronese alle già pubblicate raccolte tornasse non dovesse dispiacere. Molto allettò anche questa idea; e nulla poteva più ritardare poi che il gentilissimo conte Annoni mi fu cortese. A altri versi dettati dal signor Gagliuffo nel viaggio per la Svizzera e per la Baviera, dei quali è tanta la venustà e la robustezza, che forza era dividerne con molti il diletto facendoli colla stampa di pubblica ragione. Debbo dirlo? Anche io amai di onorar me stesso con rendere solenne testimonianza della stima particolare che io professo all'autore per altri bei titoli egregio. Ecco dunque il volume dei tuoi Scherzi Empolaneschi Latini col titolo da lui desiderato, a molti dei quali nelle colte e gentili adunanze della mia patria ebbi io stesso la ventura di essere presente. Ne formano tre parti: i versi fatti nella Svizzera, in Monaco ed in Perona. Ad ogni componimento precede un cenno delle occasioni onde fu mossi la vena indefinita del nostro Poeta. Questa raccolta è destinata a conservare versi degni del bronzo, che dati erano in custodia all'inutile memoria o a sparsi fogli, talvolta cori matita, incompostamente affidati. Coloro che hanno nel petto il santo amore delle lettere, lo avranno caro, carissimo, spero, i colti abitatori del bel paese, al cui si pubblica, già avvezzo ai numeri di Catullo e del Fracastoro. Possa il desiderio degli amici restarne pago, e ogni mio voto sarà compiuto. Il signor Gagliuffi, viste in Annecy le spoglie mortali di S. Francesco di Sales e trattenuto sulla porta del Tempio da una pioggia dirotta, scrisse con la matita: Hoc ne igitur corpus, quod non gladio abasa, Non limo horrentes impediere viae, Ne raeret quocumque serges et iuvenesque vocassent, Omnique omnigena tempore ferret opem! Nunc iacet immotum! Immotum venerandi minor alpes, Vosque Annessiaci litora fausta lacus; Nec gemini aethereis Testes Franciscus ab oris Utile Praetorium gaudet adesse Water. In Ferney, dinanzi al tempietto celebre per l'iscrizione "Erexit Deo Voltaire" cantò il sig. Gagliuffi, e scrisse il conte Annoni: Erexit Deo templum Volterius unum Dicitur ! quot necis manibus cecidisse suis ! Poco stante, innanzi ad un bellissimo olmo già piantato dal' Voltaire, disse il nostro Latinista: Quam parvam ridens posuit Voltaire ulmum, Nunc serpentes tollit in hermina. Farce, o Pioebe pater ; ut te Paeis haberet lam lauro atque ulmo par datus esset bonos." Presso Girafvara si uniscono il Rodano e l'Arve, e nello stesso letto scorrono alcun tempo, conservando il primo la mirabile sua limpidezza da una parte, ed il secondo il suo colore di fango dall'altra. Questo singolare fenomeno ammirato dal Conte Annoni, fu causa ai seguenti versi morali dell’ amico suo Flumina bina vident ? vitro fulgentior ipso. It Rhodanus : luteis Arva propinqua aquis.. Conveniunt, unoque fluunt concorditer alveo; Sed distinctus adhuc restat utrique color. Heu! breve prodigium est Heu! fit color unus et idem: Heu! Rhodano sordes intueat Arva suas. Vidisti ? ahi Lycidam fuge, Ti tire : sordidus ille est, Sed tua candidulo vestìs honore nitet' Digilìzed by Google io3 Partendoril nostro Latinista da Ginévra , così", dal celebre giurisprudente signor Rossi eqcitato, la salutava; « * ' ' ■ Vrbs montes inter, ^uos pulcber dfGumit horror, Frugiferique inter- iugexa laeta soli, Maenia hàbet variòs dccus et tntamen in usus,' . . Et prope mirandi stagna opulenta lacus : Tecta hahet haud magnis distincta ornatibùs, at quae Sat fortunatis civibus apta niteht : Nomen habet clrirum, quod semper clarius augent ArtibuS. egregi!, consiliisque viri ; Hospes amiqa' patet, si Rhenum forte; viator^, ' . , Aut sequanana, aut italum. gestii adire Padum, Vrbs Genevensis ave,: concessis utere donis; Splendidiora potens -tibi- dona Deus, Dal bastimento a vapore sbarcato essendo il signor GagliufE sotto a Losanna; osservate le belle:tze del luogo, e inteso che di lì non guari: lontanò, presso al paesello dal Rousseau celebrato ’neU\Eloisa, l’ antico Divikone coa- dotliete di troppa elvetica • avea sconlìtlo un’ •armala ro-<- tuana , disse e scrisse alla sponda del Lemano : ■ Mota vapore ratis facilem. quum venit ad oram. Qua surgunt alti moenia Lausonìi , Obstupui cernens, quot diva potentia miris Ludit, et exhilarat scenica saxa modis , Quotque indefesso prudenter adacta labore Quaelibet altrices tei’ra ministrat opes. Non ego nunc quaeram , qua saevus parte Lemani Divikoq. Latias fi’egerit insidias. Id quoque potius, qua laetus parte Lemani Gaudeat intactas ducere pastor oves: Nam, quocumque oculos verto, mihij tota videtur Hic natura unam premere laelitiam. Nella Isola del Lago di Bienna, nella quale il Rousseau ebbe dimora alcun tempo, e forse dimorato avrebbe sino alla morte, se l’autorità bernese, cedendo alle opinioni allora dominanti in Ginevra, non avesse cacciato da sì vaga solitudine quell’uomo di selvagge idee, ma scrittore maraviglia: fu pregato il sig. Gagliuffi di non perdere quest’occasione per qualche discorso. Eccone l'epigramma di toccante originalità: Semel vinum quondam creta labyrintus in alta Vidit maudentem corpora viva bovem Semiferum, et miro miscentem absynthis aælla Haec stupuit cernens insula parva virum. Fasiphae antiqua peperit turpissima monstrum; Fallas insolito tacta dolore novum. Nei contorni di Friburgo, sulle sponde del lago di Morat, si incontra un monumento coll’iscrizione = patriam XXII Jun. MCCCCLXXI. Patria Concordia Partam Novo Signa Lapide Respublica Friburgo. MDCCCXXII. Qui accadde la memorabile disfatta di Carlo detto il Temerario, e qui il signor Gagliuffi esclamò: Heu! quanto bumani fusum est hic sanguinis olimi Horret adhuc oculis unda Moretta meis. Hoc tantum laetor, quod vis temeraria fracta est, Sapere et patriae tricis honestus amor. Tra Friburgo e Berna ammirasi un singolare romitorio, detto di S. Maddalena, composto da una Chiesa, da un campanile, e da molte stanze, pur grandi, tutto in una sola pietra smisurata, in parecchi anni cavata da un uomo solo per forza di solo ferro. Il signor Gagliuffi ne fa menzione da poeta filosofo in questi versi, che, assai bene starebbero su quella pietra: Hic neunire lapis est? Unus, non fallimur: uno Credere vix possum, quod video, in lapide, Jam vidi haud parvum, terarum, turrimque profundam» Nunc lustro attiguae plurima septa domus. Non licet artifices flammas polvere multihoe; Ferro uno haec unus cuncta peregit homo. Ah! nisi si tanta foret patientia, quid un Ingenio posset vincere quisque'suum In Berna, fra molte cose ammirabili, avviene una collezione di animali volatili e quadrupedi della Svizzera: e tra i secondi conservasi un grosso cane, già appartenente al Convento di S. Bernardo, che salvò l'avita ad uomini quaramluno. Il custode sorridendo disse alla comitiva, che pochi medici fatto avevano alzare il tanalo; ed il signor Gagliuffi tradusse il pensiero, dicendo: Quadraginta homines servavit et insuper unum Hic, nocturna inter saxa nivosa, Canis.' O ulitam in teculis casu levior qua dolentes Servasset totidem quilibet Hippocrates ! Fuori di Zurigo, e colà dove i due fiumi Limmat e Rhine insieme si congiungono, sta il monumento del saggioso poeta Gessner in mezzo ad alberi. Ecco i versi cantati dal Poeta nostro: Hic, Limmati et Rhine concors ubi confluit unda, Attracta nicbim in arboribus, Quae bene Gessneri monumentum patria vicit Quo uti candidissimus simplicissimus fluit. Digilizzato da Google Melito valle di Lausena osserva il viaggiatore la grande caduta del Reno, che già grande uscendo dalle alpi vicine, precipita per dirupi in un nuovo ampio letto. Il sig. Gaglioffi da questo spettacolo colpito, fece nel luogo stesso l'infra scritto componimento; del quale, udendolo poi leggere dal Conte Annoni, egli medesimo, e a buono diritto, si compiacque: Horrendo suono per sasche abrupte volutus, Spumanti in praecepse gargane Rhenus abit. Lausenburg reboanti valles, tremit ima vorago: Occupat ille alveum persequiturque novum. Probi si vicinia nunc tantus ab alpibus exit, Quum caelum vincet flumina, quantus erit! Rhene vale: te multa unum, te regna salutant; Ipse tuo oceanus gaudeat hosptio; Sed, si motae odii adeant tua litora gentes; Surge o, pugnantes divide, rumpe nefas. Sopra la facciata dell’armeria di Sciaffusa ha una iscrizione così concepita: "Armamentarium, in quo arma Reipublicae ad legitimam defensionem pro salute patriae asservantur." Il sig. Gaglioffi inviando i suoi poetici saluti a quella casa, notava con questi versi l'importanza morale dell’iscrizione: Salve, sancta domus. Videat le quisque viator, Atque legiscripta avido pectore verba bibat. Salve, sancta domus: tua scilicet arma parantur, Ne pereat patriae jure tuenda salus. Haec probat arma Deus: Deus improbat arma lauronum; Defendi est pietas, quaerere furia scelus. La stampa originale del libro di G. B. Gaglioffi, Poesie e prose scorse, pubblicato a Milano nel 1831, è conservata presso la Biblioteca Braidense. Nel momento che il professore Gagliuffi entrò con il signor Conte Francesco Annoni nella capitale della Baviera, tutto era pieno di lutto per i funerali che si apprestavano al Re Massimiliano. Mentre intanto si aspettava il funebre convoglio, il professore eccitato dal dotto bibliotecario signor Scherer scrisse la seguente Ode Alcaica che fu tosto stampata sul giornale tedesco, la Flora. Tune illa faustae fausta Bavaria Vrbs cara civi, carior advenae ? Ecequ gomentem squallidamque Et video, stupefactus bospes ? Quae prima vidi tympana, lugubri Obducta panno flebiliter strepunt : Quocumque me vertam, severus Obiituit loca cuncta luctus. Heil! Regi adempso funera publicis Solvenda pompis ? Ingemisco ; plango : Agnosco vulnus : iure, tali Luctu viduata Rege. At nil timendum; nam similis patri Adest, resurgant gaudia, filius. Alter quiescat, vivat alter Spes patrii columenque regni. Il giorno di novembre, in cui grande era il concorso al rinomato cimitero di Monaco, il signor Gagliuffi tornando anch’esso dalla pia visitazione di quel sacro luogo, si avvide tra la folla che il nuovo Re Luigi, non da servi, non da guardie accompagnato, passeggiava tra l’amore e la venerazione del suo Popolo, guidando a mano un suo piccolo, figlio. Toccato da tal vista, recitò al signor Scherer ed al conte Annoni, non guari dopo incontrali, l’Epigramma seguente, che senza molta tenerezza e commozione non sarà chi non legga: Ibat homo, natumque manu ducere hat euntem : Illuin unum et denso credideram numero. Cuncta salutavit sed gens concinxit unum : Filanda ille advertens lumina, laetus erat. Ecquis hic ? oravi. Rex noster. Inermis ? Amicus. Proh Deus et regi gratulor et populo. Arrivato il sig. Gagliuffi in Verona, si recò tosto alla casa del nostro Cavaliere Ippolito Pindemonte. Il colloquio loro, che memorie carissime svegliare doveva, fu dal Cavaliere Giuliari per poco d’ora interrotto, e il sig. Gagliuffi intanto sopra un pezzo di carta stampata, venutagli a caso tra le mani, lasciò nei versi che seguono un pegno della sua venerazione all’Uomo di ogni virtù, al cui tavolino sedevasi. Talem ille Hyppolitus, quem firma aetate vigentem Arcadico vidi non semel in nemore ? Nunc te (ne miror, nam nulla arcere senectam Carmina, iucundam reddere pulchra queunt) Longaevum saperor, sed eundem et semper, ut olim, Miscentem parcis dicta severa iocis. O me felicem! tua patria, pace Catulli, Fit mihi, te viso, pulchrior et melior. Un esemplare di dialoghi sopra l’Ottica Newtoniana, scritti dall’Aigliotti per la marchesa sua allieva, fu da lui mandato alla nobile donna Morosini con questi versi : Se la marchesa mia quale tu sei 'Stata si fosse, gentil Morosina, Molto a me avrebbe appreso, io nulla a lei. Digita da Coogle Li portò in casa a Verca il Cavaliere Pindemonte; ed il sig. Gagliuffi così di subito li tradusse : Se mea nympha tua similis, Morosina, fuisset; Ipse bauississem aliquid doctius, illa nihil. . L’ amico nostro, il nobile signore Bennassù Montanari, ragionando degli altri sulla Saffo sorridente del Canova, citò i due versi su questo soggetto composti, cioè : Ipe di Pindo, amore dei Leli lidi, Dimmi, Paone, o al tuo scultore sorridi! Mosse taluno questione intorno al valore epigrammatico del secondo verso : ed il signor Gagliuffi, essendosi provocato, rispose con questa traduzione : Te vidi attonito, teque arridere Phaoni Frotinus, o Virgo Lesbia, credideram. Sed te iam spretam reputans fugisse sub umbras, Teque videus, tacitum marmore, marmoream, Dico: vel pulchra minus tu viva fuisti, Vel, qui te potuit spernere, coecus erat. Ed detto da taluno che nell’epigramma latino mancava il nome dello Scultore, egli rispose con questo distico introducendo a parlare la stessa Fanciulla di Lesbo: Chi me perdiderà, ora ode amare Fhaoon: Canovam, chi me vivo fece, amo. Il nobile signor Antonio Pompei era dolente per la cara sua madre: ed il signor Gagliuffi, per questa rispettabile Donna per veduta non conosceva, volgendosi al figlio con tale poetico conforto : Aegram iure doles, Pompei carissime, matrem; Meque tui socium, crede, doloris habes. Olamaquidem haud unquam vidi; tamen inclyta habenda est, Quae talem natum fertur habere, parens. Parlandosi un’altra sera in casa Verza delle tragedie d’Alfieri, il cavaliere Pindemonte recitò un suo epigramma a lode dell’Astigiano, che inedito essendo qui riportiamo : Melpomene torna col crin reciso Fideli muse e annuvolata in viso. Quella tra loro che Talia si noma; Suora, ovè, disse, la tua lunga chioma del morto Alfieri all’ onorato sepolto Fammi, rispose, e la vedrai su quello. Il signor Gagliuffi lo tradusse rapidamente in questo modo: Melpomene subito tonsa videre sorores: Quorum, ubi crinis, ait prima Thalia, tuus? Pia autem; crinis si tangit cura videndi. Alfieri sanctos, o soror, ad cinerea. Giunse in Verona manoscritto ed opportunamente, acciò che si avesse un altro saggio della felice prontezza del latinista nella traduzione, il sonetto estemporaneo, che qui riportasi per intero. Con questo il cavaliere Vincenzo Monti si scusa della sua taciturnità in un - Digliizzato da Google Ili In via di amici, che festeggiavano il ritorno della signora Costanza sua figlia: SONETTO ESTEMPORANEO Nel fisso riguardar l’amato oggetto Del mio lungo desir, tanta è la piena, La dolce piena del paterno affetto, Che il gaudio turba a vaneggiar mi mena. L’anima tutta abbandonando il petto Corre negli occhi, e amor vi l’incatena; Nella ogni altro sentire l’alto diletto E vivo il respirar mi mostra appena. Ah voi che all’amore mio qui cerchio state Cortesi amici, in cui s’ accoglie e splende Quanta puote in bell’ alma esser bontà; Se in di si lieto il mio tacer v’offende. Se da me son diviso, ah! perdonate; Il soverchio gioir muto mi rende.
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Comparison of efficacy and safety of first-line treatment options for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis
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Luqing Zhao
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Luqing Zhao The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Zhiting Zhao The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Zhiting Zhao q
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Fei Wu The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Ning Sun The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Renhong Guo The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Xiao Hu
The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Suqian First Hospital
Jif
F
( jif
f
@163
) The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Xiao Hu The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Suqian First Hospital
Jifeng Feng ( jifeng feng@163.com ) The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Shaorong Yu The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Shaorong Yu Comparison of efficacy and safety of first-line treatment options for
unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis Luqing Zhao
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Zhiting Zhao
The Air Force Hospital from Eastern Theater of PLA
Xiaoqi Yan
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Fei Wu
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Ning Sun
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Renhong Guo
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Xiao Hu
The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Suqian First Hospital
Jifeng Feng
(
jifeng_feng@163.com
)
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Shaorong Yu
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Luqing Zhao
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Zhiting Zhao
The Air Force Hospital from Eastern Theater of PLA
Xiaoqi Yan
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Fei Wu
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Ning Sun
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Renhong Guo
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Xiao Hu
The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Suqian First Hospital
Jifeng Feng
(
jifeng_feng@163.com
)
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research
Shaorong Yu
The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Introduction Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 2.2 million new cases and 1.8
million deaths in 2020[1]. NSCLC accounts for about 85% of all diagnosed lung cancer cases, and stage III disease accounts for approximately one third of
these cases. The expected 5-year survival rate for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC is between 13% and 36%[2]. The treatment goal for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC is to prevent local recurrence and reduce the occurrence of distant metastases. cCRT is the
traditional standard therapy for this population, which have reported positive results in several phase III clinical trials and meta-analyses. In the RTOG 9410
trail, cCRT showed a long-term survival benefit compared with sCRT (median overall survival: 17.0 vs. 14.6 months; 5-year survival rate: 16% vs. 10%)[3]. Unfortunately, most patients progress after cCRT, with median PFS of 8-12 months and a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of 15-25%[4]. Subsequent phase
II/III trials on the cCRT-based integrated approach (CALGB III;; RTOG0617 Phase II; SWOG S0023 Phase III) similarly failed to show improved survival in such
patients[5–7]. In 2017, the PACIFIC trail, a phase III placebo-controlled trial, demonstrated that patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC who were treated with
durvalumab, as consolidation therapy following CCRT, experienced significantly better survival outcomes compared to placebo (PFS: 16.8 vs. 5.6 months,
HR=0.52; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.65, p<0.001; 5-year rates for OS: 42.9% vs. 33.4%; 5-year rates for PFS: 33.1% vs. 19.0%)[8,9]. Based on these encouraging results,
programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors durvalumab as consolidation therapy following cCRT has been a new standard treatment for unresectable
stage III NSCLC. Since then, some further studies (LUN 14–179 trail; DETERRED trial) have confirmed that other checkpoint-inhibitors as consolidation
therapy after cCRT are similar to the efficacy of durvalumab, supporting the importance of immunotherapy in this new era of treatment[10,11]. Stage III NSCLC comprises a heterogeneous group of patients, for whom dedicated discussion within an experienced multidisciplinary team is mandatory. Retrospective series showed that only half of the patients with stage III NSCLC are treated with CRT in clinical practice[12]. Besides, not all the patients
treated with cCRT are eligible for adjuvant durvalumab due to residual toxicity and disease progression[13,14]. What does this article add? For patients with wild type driver genes, the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in the initial treatment were essential to significantly improve
the efficacy. For patients with mutant driver genes, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and the combination of radiotherapy and targeted therapy showed similar
short-term efficacy. Research Article Research Article
Keywords: unresectable stage III NSCLC, chemoradiotherapy, immunotherapy, initial treatment, efficacy
Posted Date: November 28th, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3402054/v2
License:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License. Read Full License
Additional Declarations: No competing interests reported. License:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License. Read Full License Page 1/10 What is already known about this topic? Based on PACIFIC trail, durvalumab as consolidation therapy following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) has been a new standard treatment for
unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Abstract Background:Based on PACIFIC trail, durvalumab as consolidation therapy following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) has been a new standard
treatment for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In clinical applications, there are heterogeneous adjustments or novel strategies
following specialized discussions in experienced multidisciplinary teams. This study retrospectively compared the efficacy and safety of different first-line
treatments for unresectable stage III NSCLC. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 397 patients who received first-line treatment for unresectable stage III NSCLC. Comparisons and statistical analyses
of treatment were made in terms of efficacy and safety. Adverse events and responses were assessed using CTCAE v5.0 and RECIST v1.1. The progression-
free survival (PFS) wasestimated using the Kaplan-Meier method or Cox survival regression model and compared using the log-rank test. Results:In wild type driver genes group, the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and median PFS (mPFS) were prolonged in the
radiotherapy group than in the non-radiotherapy group (ORR: 50.94% vs. 30.06%, p＜0.001; DCR: 98.11% vs. 80.37%, p＜0.001; mPFS: 21.00 vs. 8.20 months, p
＜0.001). The incidence of pneumonia at any grade in the radiotherapy group was higher than that in the non-radiotherapy group (9.43% vs. 2.45%, p=0.008). In the radiotherapy group, the chemoradiotherapy (CRT) plus immunotherapy subgroup had longer mPFS than the CRT subgroup, with increased toxicity at
any grade (24.60 vs. 17.90 months, p=0.025; 83.17% vs. 65.52%, p=0.011). In the non-radiotherapy group, the DCR and mPFS were higher in the
chemotherapy plus immunotherapy subgroup than in the chemotherapy subgroup, with increased toxicity at any grade (DCR: 93.67% vs. 67.86%, p＜0.001;
mPFS: 13.53 vs. 5.07 months, p＜0.001; 68.35% vs. 41.67%, p=0.001). In mutant driver genes group, the efficacy did not significantly differ among
radiotherapy subgroup, targeted therapy subgroup and radiotherapy plus targeted therapy subgroup (ORR: p=0.633; mPFS: p=0.450). Conclusions: For unresectable stage III NSCLC patients with wild type driver genes, the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in the initial
treatment were essential to significantly improve the efficacy. For patients with mutant driver genes, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and the combination of
radiotherapy and targeted therapy showed similar short-term efficacy. Data collection and response assessment Medical records were reviewed and extracted on clinical pathologic features and treatment histories. Treatment outcomes were extracted objective response
rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), along with progression-free survival (PFS) after the start of first-line therapy. The ORR was defined as the complete
response (CR) or partial response (PR) rate. The DCR was defined as the percentage of patients with ORR and stable disease (SD). The PFS was defined as
the time between the date of treatment initiation and the date of progressive, death, or last follow-up. Response was assessed using the Response
Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. Adverse events (AEs) were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse
Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Patients We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 397 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC from January 1, 2013 to April 30, 2023. Study measures
(i.e., patients’ basic information, clinical characteristics and treatment patterns) were summarized with descriptive statistics. The inclusion criteria were as
follows: (1) patients histologically or cytologically diagnosed with unresectable stage III NSCLC; (2) patients who scored 0-2 on the Eastern Cooperative
Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS); (3) patients who had not received any previous treatment; (4) patients included in this study had at least
one measurable disease. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study was approved by the
Academic Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, approval number (NO. [2018]074), and individual consent for this retrospective analysis was
waived. Statistical analysis Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test. The PFS was determined by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by the
log-rank test. The Cox proportional model was used to evaluate the various prognostic factors. All statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS
(version 26.0) and R software (version 3.6.3). p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Patient characteristics A total of 397 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC received first-line treatment from January 1, 2013 to April 30, 2023. The patients were divided into
two groups. There were 322 patients in wild type driver genes group and 75 patients in mutant driver genes group. Baseline clinical and pathological
features are summarized in Table 1. Introduction The update results from PACIFIC trail showed
that PFS and OS in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive group were significantly lower than those in the whole group and the
EGFR mutation-negative group[9,15]. And in multiple immunotherapy-related clinical trials for advanced lung cancer, results have shown that patients with
EGFR mutation do not benefit from immunotherapy[16–18] . According to these, in some clinical applications, targeted monotherapy or combination therapy Page 2/10 Page 2/10 is used to treat unresectable stage III NSCLC patients carrying driver gene mutations. An exploratory analysis from the Pacific Study also suggests that
durvalumab treatment given early (≤14 days) after cCRT may benefit more[8]. Therefore, the simultaneous combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with cCRT
has potential clinical benefits. As of now, several larger Phase III trials of immunosynchronous therapy modalities are ongoing, including NCT 03519971 and
NCT-04092283. In some clinical applications, the time of immunotherapy combined with CRT is advanced, that is, from immunotherapy consolidation
therapy to immunotherapy synchronization therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the efficacy and safety of different first-line
treatment options for unresectable stage III NSCLC. is used to treat unresectable stage III NSCLC patients carrying driver gene mutations. An exploratory analysis from the Pacific Study also suggests that
durvalumab treatment given early (≤14 days) after cCRT may benefit more[8]. Therefore, the simultaneous combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with cCRT
has potential clinical benefits. As of now, several larger Phase III trials of immunosynchronous therapy modalities are ongoing, including NCT 03519971 and
NCT-04092283. In some clinical applications, the time of immunotherapy combined with CRT is advanced, that is, from immunotherapy consolidation
therapy to immunotherapy synchronization therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the efficacy and safety of different first-line
treatment options for unresectable stage III NSCLC. Treatment characteristics All 397 patients were assessable for response (Table 1). In wild type driver genes group, 159 (49.38%) patients received radiotherapy and 163 (50.62%)
patients didn’t receive radiotherapy. In the radiotherapy group, 58 patients received CRT with or without bevacizumab and 101 patients were treated with CRT
plus immunotherapy. In the non-radiotherapy group, 84 patients received chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab and 79 patients received
chemotherapy plus immunotherapy. In mutant driver genes group, 14 patients received radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, 31 were treated with
targeted therapy with or without chemotherapy, and 16 received radiotherapy plus targeted therapy with or without chemotherapy. Discussion This study retrospectively compared the efficacy and safety of different first-line treatments for unresectable stage III NSCLC after grouping patients
according to wild type or mutant driver genes. In wild type driver genes group, the presence of radiotherapy significantly improved efficacy. Single-modality
radiotherapy was the standard for unresectable stage III NSCLC in the 1980s based on the RTOG 7301 trail[19]. Additionally, some following studies
demonstrated improvement in symptoms after radiation treatment[20]. Our results are consistent with these results, which suggests that radiotherapy is
associated with improved survival in patients with unresected stage III NSCLC. And further multivariate analysis showed that radiotherapy was indeed a
significant factor affecting the PFS in the wild type driver genes group (p＜0.001). In order to meet the urgent need for better efficacy, there has been progress in the treatment modalities for unresectable stage III NSCLC. Recently, immunotherapy has shown striking survival improvement in unresectable stage III NSCLC. Our study showed similar positive findings. Further
subgroup analysis showed that immunotherapy had significantly better survival compared to chemotherapy whether patients with or without radiotherapy
in wild type driver genes group. And the most obvious improvement was found in the immunotherapy in combination with CRT group, which further confirm
the results of the PACIFIC trail. The potential reason might be that the drugs of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition could synergize the effect of CRT. Since
radiotherapy generates in situ vaccination which can be substantially potentiated by immunotherapy, the abscopal effect of radiotherapy has become more
meaningful[21]. Furthermore, radiotherapy can stimulate anti-tumor adaptive immunity, modulating the tumor microenvironment and induce tumor PD-L1
levels[21–23]. Collectively, for patients with wild type driver genes, the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy are critical components of definitive treatment to
significantly improve outcomes. At present, there are some clinical trials to explore further progress based on the success of the combination of CRT and
immunotherapy. An exploratory analysis of the PACIFIC study also suggests that durvalumab treatment given earlier (≤14 days) after cCRT may benefit
more. Subgroup analysis found that the subgroup initiated with durvalumab ≤2 weeks after radiotherapy significantly delayed disease progression. This
suggests the potential for simultaneous immunotherapy with CRT, but this model is still in the exploratory stage. Preliminary data from the Phase II clinical
study DETERRED show that atezolizumab is feasible when administered concurrently with CRT followed by chemotherapy-atezolizumab consolidation. Discussion This
treatment strategy did not increase the incidence of radiation-related pneumonia in terms of safety. In terms of effectiveness, the rates of 1-year PFS and OS
are 66% and 77%, respectively. It appears to be better on the rate of 1-year PFS (55.9%) compared to the PACIFIC, but the rate of 1-year OS (83.1%) is slightly
worse[11]. At the same time, the ETOPNICOLAS Phase II clinical study also showed that cCRT synchronization with nivolumab and then nivolumab
maintenance in unresectable stage III NSCLC was feasible. And no increased risk of unintended adverse events or severe pneumonia was observed. The
median PFS was 12.7 months, the median OS was 38.8 months, and the 1-year PFS and OS rates were 53.7% and 75.7%, respectively[24]. In our trial, the
ORR in the synchronization therapy subgroup was lower than that in the consolidation therapy subgroup. However, this was a retrospective, nonrandomized
study, which may have led to bias in the results due to the limited sample size. And there was no statistical difference in mPFS and the rate of pneumonia
between the two groups. Our trial, like previous trials, suggests the potential for simultaneous immunotherapy with CRT. Several large-scale Phase III trials of
immunosynchronous therapy modalities are ongoing, including NCT 03519971 and NCT-04092283. maintenance in unresectable stage III NSCLC was feasible. And no increased risk of unintended adverse events or severe pneumonia was observed. The
median PFS was 12.7 months, the median OS was 38.8 months, and the 1-year PFS and OS rates were 53.7% and 75.7%, respectively[24]. In our trial, the
ORR in the synchronization therapy subgroup was lower than that in the consolidation therapy subgroup. However, this was a retrospective, nonrandomized
study, which may have led to bias in the results due to the limited sample size. And there was no statistical difference in mPFS and the rate of pneumonia
between the two groups. Our trial, like previous trials, suggests the potential for simultaneous immunotherapy with CRT. Several large-scale Phase III trials of
immunosynchronous therapy modalities are ongoing, including NCT 03519971 and NCT-04092283. There is concern that toxicity could be further aggravated when immunotherapy and radiotherapy are given. Although the radiotherapy group increased the
rate of pneumonia at any grade (9.43%), there was no statistical differences in the incidence of grade 3/4 pneumonia between the two groups. Safety As shown in Table 4.1, in wild type driver genes group, 65.53% (211/322) of patients experienced treatment-related adverse events (AEs), and 19.88%
(64/322) patients experienced grade 3 or 4 treatment-related AE. The most common treatment-related AE was anemia (23.29%), followed by leukopenia
(21.43%), neutropenia (21.43%), thrombocytopenia (14.60%), and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate transaminase (AST) (9.63%). No
grade 5 treatment-related AE was reported. Compared to non-radiotherapy group, the incidence of AEs at any grade was higher in radiotherapy group
(78.62% vs. 54.60%, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of AEs at grade 3 and grade 4 between the two groups (22.64% vs. 17.28%, p=0.219). The incidence of pneumonia at any grade in the radiotherapy group was higher than that in the non-radiotherapy group (9.43% vs. 2.45%,
p=0.008), among which radiation-related pneumonia accounted for 73.33%. But the difference in the incidence of pneumonia at grade 3 and grade 4
between the two groups was not statistically significant (1.89% vs. 0.61%, p=0.423). In non-radiotherapy group, the incidence of AEs at any grade in the
chemotherapy plus immunotherapy subgroup was significantly higher compared to the chemotherapy subgroup (68.35% vs. 41.67%, p=0.001), there was no
significant difference in the incidence of AEs at grade 3 and grade 4 between the two groups (20.25% vs. 14.29%, p=0.313). In radiotherapy group, the
incidence of AEs at any grade in the CRT plus immunotherapy group was significantly higher than the chemotherapy group (83.17% vs. 65.52%, p=0.011),
however grade 3 or 4 toxicity was similar in both groups (23.76% vs. 20.69%, p=0.656). As shown in Table 4.2, among the treatment-related AEs in the mutant driver genes group, neutropenia had the highest incidence (22.67%), followed by
anemia (20.00%), leukopenia (17.33%), elevated ALT or AST (13.33%), febrile neutropenia (10.67%). No statistically significant differences in the incidence of
AEs were observed among the radiotherapy subgroup, targeted therapy subgroup and radiotherapy plus targeted therapy subgroup (any grade: 64.39% vs. 29.03% vs. 31.35%, p=0.064; grade 3/4: 21.43% vs. 9.68% vs. 12.50%, p=0.541). Efficacy In the wild type driver genes group, the ORR, DCR and mPFS were prolonged in the radiotherapy group than in the non-radiotherapy group (ORR: 50.94% vs. 30.06%, p＜0.001; DCR: 98.11% vs. 80.37%, p＜0.001; mPFS: 21.00 vs. 8.20 months, p＜0.001, Figure 1A). Furthermore, in radiotherapy group, CRT plus
immunotherapy subgroup had longer mPFS than CRT subgroup (24.60 vs. 17.90 months, p=0.025, Figure 1B). The ORR of immunotherapy consolidation
therapy subgroup was higher than that of immunotherapy synchronization therapy subgroup (67.57% vs. 42.19%, p=0.014, Table 3). But there was no
statistical difference in mPFS between the two groups (24.60 vs. 22.60 months, p=0.910, Figure 1C). In non-radiotherapy group, the DCR and mPFS of the
chemotherapy plus immunotherapy subgroup were significantly higher than those of the chemotherapy subgroup (DCR: 93.67% vs. 67.86%, p＜0.001; mPFS:
13.53 vs. 5.07 months, p＜0.001, Figure 1D). In the mutant driver genes group, the efficacy did not significantly differ among radiotherapy subgroup, targeted therapy subgroup and radiotherapy plus
targeted therapy subgroup (ORR: 57.14% vs. 48.39% vs. 62.50%, p=0.633; mPFS: 12.80 vs. 15.70 vs. 17.70 months, p=0.450, Figure 2). Page 3/10 Page 3/10 With or without radiotherapy was a significant factor affecting the PFS in the wild type driver genes group (p<0.001, Table 2). Age, sex, history of smoke,
ECOG score, and histology were not the major factors affecting the PFS in both groups. With or without radiotherapy was a significant factor affecting the PFS in the wild type driver genes group (p<0.001, Table 2). Age, sex, history of smoke,
ECOG score, and histology were not the major factors affecting the PFS in both groups. Disclosures None of the authors has a conflict of interest to disclose. Author contributions: (I) Conception and design: S Yu; (II) administrative support: J Feng; (III) provision of study materials or patients: L Zhao; (IV) collection
and assembly of data: L Zhao and Xiaoqi Yan; (V) data analysis and interpretation: L Zhao and Z Zhao; (VI) manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) final
approval of manuscript: All authors. Conclusions For unresectable stage III NSCLC patients with wild type driver genes, the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in the initial treatment were
essential to significantly improve the efficacy. For patients with mutant driver genes, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and the combination of radiotherapy and
targeted therapy showed similar short-term efficacy. Discussion Based on the above results, it may not urgent to add radiotherapy to first-line
treatment to improve the efficacy for patients with mutant gene driver. However, the limited number of patients and the retrospective nature of this analysis
do not lead to obtain firm conclusions, further prospective studies should aim to confirm these results. There are several limitations in this study. This analysis was based on a small sample from a single institution. And the study was retrospective in design,
which is inherently affected by selection bias and missing data. Moreover, reliance on electronic health records may mean that some events may be
underestimated. Therefore, our results suggest the possibility of clinical treatment, rather than reaching definitive conclusions. Larger prospective studies are
needed to confirm our findings. Discussion Furthermore,
in PACIFIC trail, rates of grade 3/4 AEs of any cause were similar for durvalumab compared with placebo (29.9% vs. 26.1%)[25]. Several prospective trails
(LUN14-179; BTCRC LUN16-081) have also confirmed that the toxicity of consolidation immunotherapy after CRT is tolerable[10,26]. Similarly, our study
showed no differences in grade 3/4 AEs between immunotherapy group and cCRT or chemotherapy group. Page 4/10 About patients with EGFR mutations, the subgroup analysis of PACIFIC trail showed that them might not benefit from maintenance immunotherapy[15]. ESMO expert consensus does not recommend the use of adjunctive durvalumab in patients with EGFR mutations. Another treatment should thus be
explored for this population. Some studies suggest many stage III NSCLC patients have driver mutations such as EGFR (10–30% of patients)[27]. In our
study, EGFR-mutant patients account for about 50% in mutant driver genes group while others have anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangements
(ALK+), v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutations and so on. Among patients with advanced NSCLC with oncogenic driver
mutations, molecular targeted drugs have been recommended for the first-line therapy, which dramatically changed the standard treatment. Preclinical
studies have shown that EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) could have a radio sensitizing effect, which showed the combination of EGFR-TKIs and
radiotherapy seems to be a reasonable approach[28,29]. However, there are few recommendations indicating whether radiotherapy is effective for patients
with mutant driver genes. Thus, it was worth to explore the efficacy of radiotherapy for this population given that it significantly improved the survival for
patients with wild type driver genes. In our study, there were no differences in short-term efficacy among radiotherapy subgroup, targeted therapy subgroup
and radiotherapy plus targeted therapy group, which showed radiotherapy seemly failed to improve outcomes whether combined with targeted therapy. Although several phase II clinical experiments (RECEL trail; WJOG 6911L trail) showed the potential value of concurrent targeted therapy with
radiotherapy[30,31], no phase III trails have yet demonstrated similar results. Based on the above results, it may not urgent to add radiotherapy to first-line
treatment to improve the efficacy for patients with mutant gene driver. However, the limited number of patients and the retrospective nature of this analysis
do not lead to obtain firm conclusions, further prospective studies should aim to confirm these results. g
p
p
(
;
)
p
g
py
radiotherapy[30,31], no phase III trails have yet demonstrated similar results. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, 82172872; Social Development Project of Jiangsu Province, BE2021746;
“Six Talent Peaks” of Jiangsu Province, WSN-039; Suqian Sci & Tech Program, S202208. Disclosures Tables Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients and clinical activity of first-line treatment Page 5/10 Page 5/10 Page 5/10 Page 5/10 Characteristic
Wild type driver genes group (n=322)
Mutant driver genes group (n=75)
Patients
number
(%)
CR
PR
SD
PD
ORR
(%)
p
DCR
(%)
p
Patients
number
(%)
CR
PR
SD
PD
ORR
(%)
p
DCR
(%)
p
Sex
Female
36
(11.18)
0
16
18
2
44.44
0.597
94.44
0.422
23
(30.67)
0
12
10
1
52.17
0.743
95.65
1.000
Male
286
(88.82)
0
114
139
33
39.86
88.46
52
(69.33)
0
25
24
3
48.08
94.23
Age
≤60
70
(21.74)
0
33
27
10
47.14
0.192
85.71
0.299
28
(37.33)
0
10
15
3
35.71
0.069
89.29
0.144
＞60
252
(78.26)
0
97
130
25
38.49
90.08
47
(62.67)
0
27
19
1
57.45
97.87
History of smoke
No
249
(77.33)
0
97
124
28
38.96
0.339
88.76
0.689
64
(85.33)
0
31
30
3
48.44
0.708
95.31
0.477
Yes
73
((22.67)
0
33
33
7
45.21
90.41
11
(14.67)
0
6
4
1
54.55
90.91
ECOG
performance
status
0
53
(16.46)
0
20
25
8
36.73
0.840
84.91
0.486
18
(24.00)
0
8
10
0
44.44
0.670
100.00
0.580
1
255
(79.19)
0
105
125
25
41.18
90.20
47
(62.67)
0
25
19
3
53.19
93.62
2
14
(4.35)
0
5
7
2
35.71
85.71
10
(13.33)
0
4
6
0
40.00
100.0
Histology
Adenocarcinoma
104
(32.30)
0
36
58
10
34.62
0.300
90.38
0.764
65
(86.67)
0
34
28
3
52.31
0.285
95.38
0.191
Squamous
204
(63.35)
0
87
93
24
42.65
88.24
3 (4.00)
0
2
1
0
0
66.67
Other
14
(4.35)
0
7
6
1
50.00
92.86
7 (9.33)
7
0
3
4
42.86
100.00
Combined
with
radiotherapy
No
163
(50.62)
0
49
82
32
30.06
<0.001*
80.37
<0.001*
31
(41.33)
0
19
12
0
61.29
0.082
100.00
0.138
Yes
159
(49.38)
0
81
75
3
50.94
98.11
44
(58.67)
0
18
22
4
40.91
90.91
Treatment
with
radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
58
(18.01)
0
29
28
1
50.00
0.857
98.28
1.000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Chemotherapy
plus
immunotherapy
101
(31.37)
0
52
47
2
51.49
98.02
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Treatment
without
radiotherapy
-
Chemotherapy
84
(26.09)
0
21
36
27
25.00
0.146
67.86
<0.001*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Chemotherapy
plus
immunotherapy
79
(24.53)
0
28
46
5
35.44
93.67
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Treatment
in
mutant
driver
genes
Radiotherapy
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
(18.67)
0
8
6
0
57.14
0.633
100
0.729
Targeted
therapy
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
31
(41.33)
0
15
14
2
48.39
93.55
Radiotherapy
plus
targeted
therapy
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
(21.33)
0
10
6
0
62.50
100
Total
322
0
130
157
35
40.37
89.13
75
0
37
34
4
49.33
94.67
CR, complete response; PR, partial response; SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease; ORR, objective response rate; DCR, disease
control rate; *, p<0.05; -, no applicable. Tables CR, complete response; PR, partial response; SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease; ORR, objective response rate; DCR, disease
control rate; *, p<0.05; -, no applicable. Table 2 Univariate analysis of factors of progression-free survival
Wild type driver genes group
Mutant driver genes group
HR (95% CI)
p value
HR (95% CI)
p value
Age
1.10 (0.75-1.60)
0.600
1.40 (0.72-2.70)
0.320
Sex
Smoke
1.50 (0.86-2.70)
0.78 (0.52-1.20)
0.150
0.230
1.00 (0.56-1.90)
1.60 (0.65-3.80)
0.920
0.310
ECOG score 0 vs. ECOG score 1 vs. ECOG score 2
1.00 (0.67-1.60)
0.890
1.10 (0.60-2.00)
0.770
Histology
1.10 (0.83-1.50)
0.460
1.20 (0.72-1.90)
0.520
Radiotherapy vs. non-radiotherapy
0.36 (0.26-0.50)
＜0.001*
0.58 (0.31-1.10)
0.096 Page 6/10
Table 3 The efficacy of different subgroup in CRT plus immunotherapy group
immunotherapy consolidation therapy (n=37)
immunotherapy synchronization therapy (n=64)
p
CR
0
0
PR
25
27
SD
11
36
PD
1
1
ORR (%)
67.57
42.19
0.014
DCR (%)
97.30
98.44
1.000
Any grade toxicities (%)
Pneumonia (%)
83.78
8.11
82.81
14.06
0.900
0.373
Grade 3–4 toxicities (%)
Pneumonia (%)
18.92
2.70
26.56
3.13
0.385
1.000 Table 4.1 Treatment-related adverse events for total patients and patients with wild type driver genes
Event
Total
patients
(n=322)
Non-radiotherapy (n=163) vs. Radiotherapy
(n=159)
Non-radiotherapy group
Radiotherapy group
Chemotherapy(n=84) vs. Chemotherapy plus
immunotherapy(n=79)
CRT
(n=58)
vs. CRT
plus
immunotherapy(n=101)
Any
grade
Grade
3 or 4
Any grade
p
Grade 3 or 4
p
Any grade
p
Grade 3 or 4
p
Any grade
p
Grade 3
or 4
p
Any event
211
(65.53)
64
(19.88)
89
vs. 122
(54.60
vs. 78.62)
<0.001
28
vs. 36
(17.18
vs. 22.64)
0.219
35
vs. 54
(41.67
vs. 68.35)
0.001
12
vs. 16
(14.29
vs. 20.25)
0.313
38
vs. 84
(65.52
vs. 83.17)
0.011
12 v. 24
(20.69
vs. 23.76)
0.656
Leukopenia
69
(21.43)
21
(6.52)
21 vs. 48 (12.88
vs. 30.19)
7 vs. 14 (4.29
vs. 8.81)
12
vs. 9
(14.29
vs. 11.39)
4 vs. 3 (4.76
vs. 3.80)
23
vs. 25
(43.10
vs. 24.75)
10 vs. 9
(17.24
vs. 8.91)
Thrombocytopenia
47
(14.60)
8
(2.48)
13 vs. 34 (7.98
vs. 21.38)
1 vs. 7 (0.16
vs. 4.40)
4 vs. 9 (4.760
vs. 11.39)
1 vs. 0 (1.19
vs. 0)
14
vs. 20
(24.14
vs. 19.80)
5 vs. 2
(8.62
vs. 1.98)
Neutropenia
69
(21.43)
24
(7.45)
25 vs. 44 (15.34
vs. 27.67)
13
vs. 11
(7.98 vs. 6.92)
9
vs. 16
(10.71
vs. 20.25)
3
vs. Tables 10
(3.57
vs. 12.66)
15
vs. 29
(25.86
vs. 28.71)
4 vs. 7
(6.90
vs. 6.93)
Anemia
75
(23.29)
5
(1.56)
29 vs. 46 (17.79
vs. 28.93)
5 vs. 0 (3.07
vs. 0)
9
vs. 20
(10.71
vs. 25.32)
2 vs. 3 (2.38
vs. 3.80)
11
vs. 35
(18.97
vs. 34.65)
0 vs. 0
(0 vs. 0)
Febrile
neutropenia
25
(7.76)
24
(7.45)
15 vs. 10 (9.20
vs. 6.29)
14
vs. 10
(8.59 vs. 6.29)
4 vs. 11 (4.76
vs. 13.92)
4
vs. 10
(4.76
vs. 12.66)
4 vs. 6 (6.90
vs. 5.94)
4 vs. 6
(6.38
vs. 6.19)
Nausea/vomiting
11
(3.42）
1
(0.31)
4 vs. 7 (2.45 vs. 4.40)
0 vs. 1 (0 vs. 0.63)
4 vs. 0 (4.76
vs. 0)
0 vs. 0 (0 vs. 0)
3
vs. 4
(5.178
vs. 3.96)
0 vs. 1
(0
vs. 0.99)
Decreased
appetite
15
(4.66)
1
(0.31)
9 vs. 6 (5.52 vs. 3.77)
1 vs. 0 (0.61
vs. 0)
8 vs. 1 (9.52
vs. 1.27)
1 vs. 0 (1.19
vs. 0)
1 vs. 5 (1.73
vs. 4.95)
0 vs. 0
(0 vs. 0)
Pneumonia
19
(5.90)
4
(1.24)
4 vs. 15 (2.45
vs. 9.43)
0.008
1 vs. 3 (0.61
vs. 1.89)
0.423
0 vs. 4 (0 vs. 5.06)
0 vs. 1 (0 vs. 1.27)
3
vs. 12
(5.17
vs. 11.88)
0 vs. 3
(0
vs. 2.97)
Elevated ALT or
AST
31
(9.63)
0
12
vs. 19
(7.36
vs. 11.95)
0 vs. 0 (0 vs. 0)
3 vs. 9 (3.57
vs. 11.39)
0 vs. 0 (0
vs. 0)
2
vs. 17
(3.45
vs. 16.83)
0 vs. 0
(0
vs. 0)
Fatigue
7
(2.17)
0
6 vs. 1 (3.68
vs. 0.63)
0 vs. 0 (0 vs. 0)
3 vs. 3 (3.57
vs. 3.80)
0 vs. 0 (0
vs. 0)
0 vs. 1 (0
vs. 0.99)
0 vs. 0
(0
vs. 0)
Hypothyroidism
3
(0.93）
0
1 vs. 2 (0.61
vs. 1.26)
0 vs. 0 (0 vs. 0)
0 vs. 1(0 vs. 1.27)
0 vs. 0 (0
vs. 0)
0 vs. 2 (0
vs. 1.98)
0 vs. 0
(0
vs. 0)
Rash
7
(2.17)
0
3 vs. 4 (1.84
vs. 2.52)
0 vs. 0 (0 vs. 0)
1 vs. 2 (1.19
vs. 2.539)
0 vs. 0 (0
vs. 0)
1
vs. 3
(1.72
vs. 2.97)
0 vs. 0
(0
vs. 0)
Myocarditis
1
(0.31)
0
1 vs. 0 (0.62
vs. 0)
0 vs. Tables 0 (0 vs. 0)
0 vs. 1 (0
vs. 1.27)
0 vs. 0 (0
vs. 0)
0 vs. 0 (0
vs. 0)
0 vs. 0
(0
vs. 0) Table 4.2 Treatment-related adverse events for patients with mutant driver genes
Event
Total patients (n=75)
Radiotherapy（n=14）vs. Targeted therapy (n=31) vs. Radiotherapy plus targeted therapy (n=16)
Any grade
Grade 3 or 4
Any grade
p
Grade 3 or 4
p
Any event
44 (58.67)
14 (18.7)
9 vs. 9 vs. 5 (64.29 vs. 29.03 vs. 31.25)
0.064
3 vs. 3 vs. 2(21.43 vs. 9.68 vs. 12.50)
0.541
Leukopenia
13 (17.33)
5 (6.67)
6 vs. 0 vs. 1(42.86 vs. 0 vs. 6.25)
2 vs. 0 vs. 1 (14.29 vs. 0 vs. 6.25)
Thrombocytopenia
7 (9.33)
2 (2.67)
2 vs. 1 vs. 1 (14.29 vs. 3.23 vs. 6.25)
1 vs. 0 vs. 0 (7.14 vs. 0 vs. 0)
Neutropenia
17 (22.67)
2 (2.67)
6 vs. 2 vs. 2 (42.86 vs. 6.45 vs. 12.50)
0 vs. 2 vs. 2 (0 vs. 6.45 vs. 12.50)
Anemia
15 (20.00)
1 (1.63)
4 vs. 2 vs. 1 (28.57 vs. 6.45 vs. 6.25)
0 vs. 0 vs. 0 0 vs. 0 vs. 0)
Febrile neutropenia
8 (10.67)
8 (10.67)
0 vs. 2 vs. 0 (0 vs. 6.45 vs. 0)
0 vs. 2 vs. 0 0 vs. 6.45 vs. 0)
Nausea/vomiting
5 (6.67)
0
2 vs. 2 vs. 0 (14.29 vs. 6.45 vs. 0)
0 vs. 0 vs. 0 (0 vs. 0 vs. 0)
Decreased appetite
4 (5.33)
0
1 vs. 1 vs. 0 (7.14 vs. 3.23 vs. 0)
0 vs. 0 vs. 0 (0 vs. 0 vs. 0)
Pneumonia
2 (2.67)
0
1 vs. 0 vs. 0 (7.14 vs. 0 vs. 0)
0 vs. 0 vs. 0 (0 vs. 0 vs. 0)
Elevated ALT or AST
10 (13.33)
1 (1.63)
2 vs. 2 vs. 2(14.29 vs. 6.45 vs. 12.50)
0 vs. 1 vs. 0 (0 vs. 3.23 vs. 0)
Fatigue
1 (1.33)
0
0 vs. 0 vs. 0 (0 vs. 0 vs. 0)
0 vs. 0 vs. 0 (0 vs. 0 vs. 0)
Hypothyroidism
2 (2.67)
0
0 vs. 0 vs. 1 (0 vs. 0 vs. 6.25)
0 vs. 0 vs. 0 (0 vs. 0 vs. 0)
rash
2 (2.67)
0
0 vs. 2 vs. 0 (0 vs. 6.45 vs. 0)
0 vs. 0 vs. 0 (0 vs. 0 vs. 0)
Number of patients with an event (percent). 2. P. Goldstraw, K. Chansky, J. Crowley, R. Rami-Porta, H. Asamura, W. E. E. Eberhardt, A. G. Nicholson, P. Groome, A. Mitchell, V. Bolejack, P. Goldstraw, R.
Rami-Porta, H. Asamura, D. Ball, D. G. Beer, R. Beyruti, V. Bolejack, K. Chansky, J. Crowley, F. Detterbeck, W. E. Erich Eberhardt, J. Edwards, F. Galateau-Sallé, D.
Giroux, F. Gleeson, P. Groome, J. Huang, C. Kennedy, J. Kim, Y. T. Kim, L. Kingsbury, H. Kondo, M. Krasnik, K. Kubota, A. Lerut, G. Lyons, M. Marino, E. M.
Marom, J. Van Meerbeeck, A. Mitchell, T. Nakano, A. G. Nicholson, A. Nowak, M. Peake, T. Rice, K. Rosenzweig, E. Ruffini, V. Rusch, N. Saijo, P. Van Schil, J.-P.
Sculier, L. Shemanski, K. Stratton, K. Suzuki, Y. Tachimori, C. F. Thomas, W. Travis, M. S. Tsao, A. Turrisi, J. Vansteenkiste, H. Watanabe, Y.-L. Wu, P. Baas, J.
Erasmus, S. Hasegawa, K. Inai, K. Kernstine, H. Kindler, L. Krug, K. Nackaerts, H. Pass, D. Rice, C. Falkson, P. L. Filosso, G. Giaccone, K. Kondo, M. Lucchi, M.
Okumura, E. Blackstone, F. Abad Cavaco, E. Ansótegui Barrera, J. Abal Arca, I. Parente Lamelas, A. Arnau Obrer, R. Guijarro Jorge, D. Ball, G. K. Bascom, A. I.
Blanco Orozco, M. A. González Castro, M. G. Blum, D. Chimondeguy, V. Cvijanovic, S. Defranchi, B. De Olaiz Navarro, I. Escobar Campuzano, I. Macía Tables ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase Table 4.2 Treatment-related adverse events for patients with mutant driver genes
Event
Total patients (n=75)
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A. C. Chen, Y. Shen, F. E. Nathan, C. T. Harbison, and S. 31. H. Akamatsu, H. Harada, S. Tokunaga, N. Yoshimura, H. Ikeda, S. Oizumi, N. Sugimoto, T. Takano, H. Murakami, Y. Nishimura, N. Yamamoto, and K.
Nakagawa, ''A Phase II Study of Gefitinib With Concurrent Thoracic Radiotherapy in Patients With Unresectable, Stage III Non–small-cell Lung Cancer
Harboring EGFR Mutations (WJOG6911L),'' Clinical Lung Cancer, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. e25–e27, 2019. Figures Page 9/10 Figure 1
Kaplan–Meier curves in wild type driver genes group. (A) Progression-free survival (PFS) in the non-radiotherapy group and radiotherapy group. (B) PFS in
CRT group and CRT plus immunotherapy group. (C) PFS comparison between immunotherapy synchronization therapy and immunotherapy consolidation
therapy in CRT plus immunotherapy group. (D) PFS in chemotherapy group and immunotherapy plus chemotherapy group for patients with non-
radiotherapy. Figure 1 Kaplan–Meier curves in wild type driver genes group. (A) Progression-free survival (PFS) in the non-radiotherapy group and radiotherapy group. (B) PFS in
CRT group and CRT plus immunotherapy group. (C) PFS comparison between immunotherapy synchronization therapy and immunotherapy consolidation
therapy in CRT plus immunotherapy group. (D) PFS in chemotherapy group and immunotherapy plus chemotherapy group for patients with non-
radiotherapy. Figure 2
Kaplan–Meier curves in mutant driver genes group. PFS in radiotherapy group, targeted therapy group, and radiotherapy plus targeted therapy group. Figure 2 Kaplan–Meier curves in mutant driver genes group. PFS in radiotherapy group, targeted therapy group, and radiotherapy plus targeted therapy group. Kaplan–Meier curves in mutant driver genes group. PFS in radiotherapy group, targeted therapy group, and radiotherapy plus targeted therapy group. Page 10/10 Page 10/10
| 32,872 |
https://github.com/ryanspoone/autocpu2006/blob/master/autocpu2006
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
autocpu2006
|
ryanspoone
|
Shell
|
Code
| 2,334 | 6,896 |
#!/bin/bash
##############################################################################
# autocpu2006 - This utility performs SPEC CPU2006 benchmarking using
# GCC. Capabilities include in installing prerequisites, building
# and installing SPEC CPU2006, and running reportable integer and
# floating-point runs.
#
# Required file tree:
#
# |-- lib
# | |-- setup.sh
# | |-- system_info.sh
# | `- user_input.sh
# |
# |-- config
# | |-- linux32-arm32-gcc.cfg
# | |-- linux32-intel32-gcc.cfg
# | |-- linux64-arm64-gcc.cfg
# | |-- linux64-intel64-gcc.cfg
# | |-- linux64-powerpc-gcc.cfg
# | `- flags/
# | |-- linux-arm32-gcc.xml
# | |-- linux-arm64-gcc.xml
# | |-- linux-intel32-gcc.xml
# | |-- linux-intel64-gcc.xml
# | `- linux-powerpc-gcc.xml
# |
# `- autocpu2006
#
#
# Usage: autocpu2006 [OPTIONS]...
#
# Option GNU long option Meaning
# -h --help Show this message.
# -s --speed Run runspec speed. Default is rate.
# -g --ignore Ignore runspec build errors.
# -r --rebuild Force SPEC CPU2006 rebuild and
# installation.
# -b --build-only Only build CPU2006.
# -o --one-copy Do a single copy run.
# -i --integer Run integer micro-benchmarks.
# -f --floating-point Run floating-point micro-benchmarks.
# -m [name] --machine [name] Manually set the machine setting.
# -c [n] --copies [n] Override the number of copies to use.
# -t [range] --taskset [range] Set the core IDs to test.
# (e.g., 0,2,5,6-10)
# -T [n] --iterations [n] Override the number of iterations to
# use.
# -a --no-affinity Disable taskset and numactl for
# runspec runs.
# -p --prerequisites Install prerequisites.
# -n --info-only Display system and config info only.
#
##############################################################################
#
# Last Updated:
# 12/14/2016
#
# Authors/Contributors:
# Ryan Spoone (ryanspoone@gmail.com)
#
##############################################################################
############################################################
# Make sure we are working in the this script's source
# directory
############################################################
AUTO_CPU_DIR=$(cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd)
cd "$AUTO_CPU_DIR" || exit
export AUTO_CPU_DIR
############################################################
# Import sources
############################################################
# shellcheck disable=SC1091,SC1090
source "$AUTO_CPU_DIR/lib/user_input.sh"
# shellcheck disable=SC1091,SC1090
source "$AUTO_CPU_DIR/lib/setup.sh"
# shellcheck disable=SC1091,SC1090
source "$AUTO_CPU_DIR/lib/system_info.sh"
############################################################
# Argument switch variables
############################################################
REBUILD=false
PREREQUISITES=false
COPY_OVERRIDE=false
MODE='rate'
INT=false
FP=false
NO_COPY=false
IGNORE=false
INFO_ONLY=false
TASKSET_ENABLED=false
TASKSET_RANGE=''
ITERATIONS_OVERRIDE=false
BUILD_ONLY=false
AFFINITY=true
MACHINE_OVERRIDE=false
CPU_TYPE=""
PROGRAM_START=$(date +"%s")
############################################################
# Argument parsing
############################################################
if [[ "$#" -gt 0 ]]; then
while [ "$1" ]; do
ARG="$1"
if [[ "$ARG" == "-o" || "$ARG" == "--one-copy" ]]; then
COPY_OVERRIDE=true
NO_COPY=true
shift
elif [[ "$ARG" == "-s" || "$ARG" == "--speed" ]]; then
MODE='speed'
shift
elif [[ "$ARG" == "-c" || "$ARG" == "--copies" ]]; then
COPY_OVERRIDE=true
COPIES=$2
shift
shift
elif [[ "$ARG" == "-r" || "$ARG" == "--rebuild" ]]; then
REBUILD=true
shift
elif [[ "$ARG" == "-b" || "$ARG" == "--build-only" ]]; then
BUILD_ONLY=true
shift
elif [[ "$ARG" == "-p" || "$ARG" == "--prerequisites" ]]; then
PREREQUISITES=true
shift
elif [[ "$ARG" == "-i" || "$ARG" == "--integer" ]]; then
INT=true
shift
elif [[ "$ARG" == "-f" || "$ARG" == "--floating-point" ]]; then
FP=true
shift
elif [[ "$ARG" == "-m" || "$ARG" == "--machine" ]]; then
MACHINE="$2"
MACHINE_OVERRIDE=true
shift
shift
elif [[ "$ARG" == "-T" || "$ARG" == "--iterations" ]]; then
ITERATIONS_OVERRIDE=true
ITERATIONS="$2"
IGNORE=true
shift
shift
elif [[ "$ARG" == "-g" || "$ARG" == "--ignore" ]]; then
IGNORE=true
shift
elif [[ "$ARG" == "-n" || "$ARG" == "--info-only" ]]; then
INFO_ONLY=true
shift
elif [[ "$ARG" == "-t" || "$ARG" == "--taskset" ]]; then
TASKSET_ENABLED=true
TASKSET_RANGE="$2"
shift
shift
elif [[ "$ARG" == "-a" || "$ARG" == "--no-affinity" ]]; then
AFFINITY=false
shift
elif [[ "$ARG" == "-h" || "$ARG" == "--help" ]]; then
echo "Usage: autocpu2006 [OPTIONS]..."
echo
echo "Option GNU long option Meaning"
echo
echo " -h --help Show this message."
echo
echo " -s --speed Run runspec speed. Default is"
echo " rate."
echo
echo " -g --ignore Ignore runspec build errors."
echo
echo " -r --rebuild Force SPEC CPU2006 rebuild and"
echo " installation."
echo
echo " -b --build-only Only build CPU2006."
echo
echo " -o --one-copy Do a single copy run."
echo
echo " -i --integer Run integer."
echo
echo " -f --floating-point Run floating-point."
echo
echo " -m [name] --machine [name] Manually set the machine setting."
echo
echo " -c [n] --copies [n] Override the number of copies to"
echo " use."
echo
echo " -T [n] --iterations [n] Override the number of iterations"
echo " to use."
echo
echo " -t [range] --taskset [range] Set the core IDs to test."
echo " (e.g., 0,2,5,6-10)"
echo
echo " -a --no-affinity Disable taskset and numactl for"
echo " runspec runs."
echo
echo " -p --prerequisites Install prerequisites."
echo
echo " -n --info-only Display system and configuration"
echo " information only."
echo
exit 0
else
echo "autocpu2006: invalid operand ‘$ARG’"
echo "Try 'autocpu2006 --help' for more information."
echo
echo "Usage: autocpu2006 [OPTIONS]..."
echo
echo "Option GNU long option Meaning"
echo
echo " -h --help Show this message."
echo
echo " -s --speed Run runspec speed. Default is"
echo " rate."
echo
echo " -g --ignore Ignore runspec build errors."
echo
echo " -r --rebuild Force SPEC CPU2006 rebuild and"
echo " installation."
echo
echo " -b --build-only Only build CPU2006."
echo
echo " -o --one-copy Do a single copy run."
echo
echo " -i --integer Run integer."
echo
echo " -f --floating-point Run floating-point."
echo
echo " -m [name] --machine [name] Manually set the machine setting."
echo
echo " -c [n] --copies [n] Override the number of copies to"
echo " use."
echo
echo " -T [n] --iterations [n] Override the number of iterations"
echo " to use."
echo
echo " -t [range] --taskset [range] Set the core IDs to test."
echo " (e.g., 0,2,5,6-10)"
echo
echo " -a --no-affinity Disable taskset and numactl for"
echo " runspec runs."
echo
echo " -p --prerequisites Install prerequisites."
echo
echo " -n --info-only Display system and configuration"
echo " information only."
echo
exit 1
fi
done
fi
############################################################
# Double check if user really meant no integer and
# floating-point runs
############################################################
if [[ $INT == false && $FP == false && $INFO_ONLY == false && $BUILD_ONLY == false ]]; then
echo -n "You picked neither integer or floating-point runs. Is this correct (y/n)? "
read -r NORUN
if [[ "$NORUN" == *"n"* ]]; then
echo -n "Would you like an integer run (y/n)?"
read -r INT_ANS
if [[ "$INT_ANS" == *"y"* ]]; then
INT=true
fi
echo -n "Would you like an floating-point run (y/n)?"
read -r FP_ANS
if [[ "$FP_ANS" == *"y"* ]]; then
FP=true
fi
fi
fi
# Set environment stack size to unlimited
ulimit -s unlimited
# Clear file system page cache
if [ -f /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches ]; then
echo '1' > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
fi
############################################################
# Exports
############################################################
export COPY_OVERRIDE
export ITERATIONS_OVERRIDE
############################################################
# Install Prerequisites
############################################################
if [[ $PREREQUISITES == true ]]; then
echo
echo '*************************************************************************'
echo
echo 'Checking if prerequisites need to be installed and installing if necessary...'
echo
prerequisites
echo
echo '*************************************************************************'
echo
fi
############################################################
# Get and set all required system information
############################################################
getSystemInfo
############################################################
# Get and set appropriate run commands
############################################################
############################################################
# Select the proper config file
############################################################
if [[ "$CPU" == *'Intel'* || "$CPU" == *'intel'* || "$CPU" == *'INTEL'* ]]; then
CPU_TYPE="Intel"
if [[ "$ARCH" == '32' ]]; then
CONFIG='linux32-intel32-gcc'
else
CONFIG='linux64-intel64-gcc'
fi
elif [[ "$CPU" == *'Arm'* || "$CPU" == *'arm'* || "$CPU" == *'ARM'* ]]; then
CPU_TYPE="ARM"
if [[ "$ARCH" == *'32'* ]]; then
CONFIG='linux32-arm32-gcc'
else
CONFIG='linux64-arm64-gcc'
fi
elif [[ "$CPU" == *'AMD'* || "$CPU" == *'amd'* ]]; then
CPU_TYPE="AMD"
CONFIG='linux64-amd64-gcc'
elif [[ "$CPU" == *'Power'* || "$CPU" == *'POWER'* || "$CPU" == *'power'* || "$CPU" == *'ppc'* ]]; then
CPU_TYPE="IBM"
CONFIG='linux64-powerpc-gcc'
else
echo
echo 'Unable to determine which config file to use.'
echo
processorArchitecture
fi
export CPU_TYPE
export CONFIG
############################################################
# Select the proper machine flag for the config file
#
# This limits the system to only machines defined in the
# configuration file
############################################################
if [[ $MACHINE_OVERRIDE == false ]]; then
if [[ $(containsElement "${KNOWN_MTUNE_MARCH[@]}" "$MTUNE") == 'y' ]]; then
if [[ ( $CPU != *'Intel'* || $CPU != *'AMD'* ) && "$MTUNE" != "generic" ]]; then
MACHINE=$MTUNE
else
if [[ $(containsElement "${KNOWN_MTUNE_MARCH[@]}" "$MARCH") == 'y' ]]; then
MACHINE=$MARCH
else
echo
echo 'We cannot determine your machine architecture.'
echo
getMachine
fi
fi
else
if [[ $(containsElement "${KNOWN_MTUNE_MARCH[@]}" "$MARCH") == 'y' ]]; then
MACHINE=$MARCH
else
echo
echo 'We cannot determine your machine architecture.'
echo
getMachine
fi
fi
else
# if machine override name is found in config
if grep -q "$MACHINE" "$AUTO_CPU_DIR"/config/"$CONFIG".cfg; then
echo
echo 'Config is already setup for this machine override.'
echo
else
# write new machine parameters in config
{
echo ""
echo '################################################################'
echo '#' >> "$AUTO_CPU_DIR"/config/"$CONFIG".cfg
echo '################################################################'
echo "default=default=default=$MACHINE:"
echo "COPTIMIZE = -march=$MACHINE"
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
echo 'CXXOPTIMIZE = $(COPTIMIZE)'
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
echo 'FOPTIMIZE = $(COPTIMIZE)'
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
echo 'F77OPTIMIZE = $(COPTIMIZE)'
} >> "$AUTO_CPU_DIR"/config/"$CONFIG".cfg
# copy over the config files if the build is already setup
if [ -f "$AUTO_CPU_DIR/src/config/$CONFIG.cfg" ]; then
cp -R "$AUTO_CPU_DIR"/config "$AUTO_CPU_DIR"/src/
fi
fi
fi
export MACHINE
############################################################
# Building the CPU2006 run commands
############################################################
INT_COMMAND="runspec --config $CONFIG --machine $MACHINE --$MODE --copies $COPIES"
FP_COMMAND="runspec --config $CONFIG --machine $MACHINE --$MODE --copies $COPIES"
if [[ $IGNORE == true ]] || [[ $COPIES_OVERRIDE == true ]]; then
# run non-reportable
if [[ $ITERATIONS_OVERRIDE == true ]]; then
# override iterations from 3 to #
INT_COMMAND="$INT_COMMAND --iterations $ITERATIONS --ignore_errors --noreportable"
FP_COMMAND="$FP_COMMAND --iterations $ITERATIONS --ignore_errors --noreportable"
else
# use the default 3 iterations
INT_COMMAND="$INT_COMMAND --ignore_errors --noreportable "
FP_COMMAND="$FP_COMMAND --ignore_errors --noreportable"
fi
else
# run reportable
INT_COMMAND="$INT_COMMAND --reportable"
FP_COMMAND="$FP_COMMAND --reportable"
fi
if [[ $TASKSET_ENABLED == true ]]; then
int_args=( -c "'$TASKSET_RANGE'" "$INT_COMMAND" )
fp_args=( -c "'$TASKSET_RANGE'" "$FP_COMMAND" )
INT_COMMAND="taskset ${int_args[*]}"
FP_COMMAND="taskset ${fp_args[*]}"
fi
if [[ $AFFINITY == false ]]; then
INT_COMMAND="$INT_COMMAND --define no-taskset"
FP_COMMAND="$FP_COMMAND --define no-taskset"
else
if hash numactl &>/dev/null; then
INT_COMMAND="$INT_COMMAND"
FP_COMMAND="$FP_COMMAND"
elif hash taskset &>/dev/null; then
INT_COMMAND="$INT_COMMAND --define no-numa"
FP_COMMAND="$FP_COMMAND --define no-numa"
else
INT_COMMAND="$INT_COMMAND --define no-taskset"
FP_COMMAND="$FP_COMMAND --define no-taskset"
fi
fi
INT_COMMAND="$INT_COMMAND int"
FP_COMMAND="$FP_COMMAND fp"
export INT_COMMAND
export FP_COMMAND
############################################################
# Display system information and warnings
############################################################
echo
echo '*************************** System Information **************************'
echo
echo "CPU: $CPU"
echo "Architecture: $ARCH bit"
echo "OS: $OS $VER"
echo "Logical cores: $LOGICAL_CORES"
echo "Total RAM: $RAM_GB GB"
echo "Compiler: GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) $GCC_VER"
echo
echo '*************************** Runspec Information *************************'
echo
echo "Copies: $COPIES"
echo "Mode: $MODE"
echo "Config file: $CONFIG"
if [[ $INT == true ]]; then
echo "GCC INT command: $INT_COMMAND"
fi
if [[ $FP == true ]]; then
echo "GCC FP command: $FP_COMMAND"
fi
echo
echo '******************************* Warnings ********************************'
if [[ $RAM_GB -ge $REQUIRED_RAM ]]; then
echo
echo ' None'
echo
else
echo
echo "The number of copies has been changed from $LOGICAL_CORES to $COPIES."
echo
if [[ $NO_COPY == false ]] && [[ $COPY_OVERRIDE == false ]]; then
echo "This because there isn't enough memory to support the number of CPUs on"
echo 'this machine. Please add more memory to this machine to run the optimal'
echo 'amount of copies.'
echo
fi
fi
echo '*************************************************************************'
echo
if [[ $INFO_ONLY == true ]]; then
exit 0
fi
echo 'Please exit now if this information is not correct. [Ctrl+C]'
echo
echo 'Otherwise, press [Enter] to continue.'
echo
echo '*************************************************************************'
echo
read -r
# Run Setup
echo
echo '*************************************************************************'
if [[ $REBUILD == false ]]; then
echo
echo 'Checking if CPU2006 needs to be installed and installing if necessary...'
setup
echo
else
echo
echo 'Rebuilding CPU2006...'
rebuildSPECCPU
echo
fi
echo '*************************************************************************'
echo
if [[ $BUILD_ONLY == true ]]; then
echo
echo 'Building complete. Exiting now.'
echo
if [[ $ICC != true ]]; then
exit 0
fi
fi
# Run INT
if [[ $INT == true ]]; then
echo
echo '*************************************************************************'
echo
echo 'Running all the int benchmarks...'
eval "$INT_COMMAND"
echo
INT_STOP=$(date +"%s")
echo '*************************************************************************'
echo
fi
sleep 10
# Run FP
if [[ $FP == true ]]; then
echo
echo '*************************************************************************'
echo
echo 'Running all the fp benchmarks...'
eval "$FP_COMMAND"
echo
FP_STOP=$(date +"%s")
echo '*************************************************************************'
echo
fi
sleep 5
PROGRAM_STOP=$(date +"%s")
DIFF=$((PROGRAM_STOP-PROGRAM_START))
READABLE_DIFF=$(echo -n "$DIFF" | awk '{printf "%02d:%02d\n",int($1/60), int($1%60)}')
echo
echo "The total elapsed time: $READABLE_DIFF"
echo
sleep 5
############################################################
# Display results directory and files within, in addition to
# the commands used.
############################################################
RESULTS_DIR="$AUTO_CPU_DIR/src/result"
if [[ $INT == true || $FP == true ]]; then
cd "$RESULTS_DIR" || (echo "Cannot find the results directory. Exiting." && exit)
echo '*************************************************************************'
echo
echo 'Results directory:'
echo
echo "$RESULTS_DIR"
echo
echo '*************************************************************************'
echo
echo 'All files in directory:'
echo
ls "$RESULTS_DIR"
echo
echo
echo '*************************************************************************'
############################################################
# Display results if applicable
############################################################
echo
echo '******************************** Results ********************************'
echo
if [[ $INT == true ]]; then
cd "$RESULTS_DIR" || exit
LATEST_INT_FILE=$(find . -name '*CINT2006*.ref.txt' -printf "%T+\t%p\n" | sort -r | head -1 | awk '{ print $NF }')
if [[ "$LATEST_INT_FILE" != '' ]]; then
LATEST_INT_FILE_MODIFIED=$(date +"%s" -r "$LATEST_INT_FILE")
LATEST_INT_FILE_MODIFIED_DIFF=$((LATEST_INT_FILE_MODIFIED-PROGRAM_START))
INT_PROGRAM_RUN_TIME=$((INT_STOP-PROGRAM_START))
if [[ "$LATEST_INT_FILE_MODIFIED_DIFF" -le "$INT_PROGRAM_RUN_TIME" ]]; then
if [[ "$MODE" == 'speed' ]]; then
INT_BASE_RESULT=$(grep "SPECint(R)_base2006" "$LATEST_FP_FILE" | sed 's/Est.\s*SPECint\(R\)_base2006\s*//' | tr -d "\t\n\r[:space:]")
INT_PEAK_RESULT=$(grep "SPECint2006" "$LATEST_FP_FILE" | sed 's/Est.\s*SPECint2006\s*//' | tr -d "\t\n\r[:space:]")
else
INT_BASE_RESULT=$(grep "SPECint(R)_rate_base2006" "$LATEST_FP_FILE" | sed 's/Est.\s*SPECint\(R\)_rate_base2006\s*//' | tr -d "\t\n\r[:space:]")
INT_PEAK_RESULT=$(grep "SPECint_rate2006" "$LATEST_FP_FILE" | sed 's/Est.\s*SPECint_rate2006\s*//' | tr -d "\t\n\r[:space:]")
fi
echo "Integer run succeeded. Your results file is ${LATEST_INT_FILE}."
echo
echo "Base: ${INT_BASE_RESULT}"
echo "Peak: ${INT_PEAK_RESULT}"
else
echo "Integer run failed. Check the logs in ${RESULTS_DIR}."
fi
else
echo "Integer run failed. Check the logs in ${RESULTS_DIR}."
fi
fi
echo
if [[ $FP == true ]]; then
cd "$RESULTS_DIR" || exit
LATEST_FP_FILE=$(find . -name '*CFP2006*.ref.txt' -printf "%T+\t%p\n" | sort -r | head -1 | awk '{ print $NF }')
if [[ "$LATEST_FP_FILE" != '' ]]; then
LATEST_FP_FILE_MODIFIED=$(date +"%s" -r "$LATEST_FP_FILE")
LATEST_FP_FILE_MODIFIED_DIFF=$((LATEST_FP_FILE_MODIFIED-PROGRAM_START))
FP_PROGRAM_RUN_TIME=$((FP_STOP-PROGRAM_START))
if [[ "$LATEST_FP_FILE_MODIFIED_DIFF" -le "$FP_PROGRAM_RUN_TIME" ]]; then
if [[ "$MODE" == 'speed' ]]; then
FP_BASE_RESULT=$(grep "SPECfp(R)_base2006" "$LATEST_FP_FILE" | sed 's/Est.\s*SPECfp\(R\)_base2006\s*//' | tr -d "\t\n\r[:space:]")
FP_PEAK_RESULT=$(grep "SPECfp2006" "$LATEST_FP_FILE" | sed 's/Est.\s*SPECfp2006\s*//' | tr -d "\t\n\r[:space:]")
else
FP_BASE_RESULT=$(grep "SPECfp(R)_rate_base2006" "$LATEST_FP_FILE" | sed 's/Est.\s*SPECfp\(R\)_rate_base2006\s*//' | tr -d "\t\n\r[:space:]")
FP_PEAK_RESULT=$(grep "SPECfp_rate2006" "$LATEST_FP_FILE" | sed 's/Est.\s*SPECfp_rate2006\s*//' | tr -d "\t\n\r[:space:]")
fi
echo "Floating-point run succeeded. Your results file is ${LATEST_FP_FILE}."
echo
echo "Base: $FP_BASE_RESULT"
echo "Peak: $FP_PEAK_RESULT"
else
echo "Floating-point run failed. Check the logs in ${RESULTS_DIR}."
fi
else
echo "Floating-point run failed. Check the logs in ${RESULTS_DIR}."
fi
fi
fi
echo
echo '*************************************************************************'
echo
exit 0
| 11,604 |
https://es.stackoverflow.com/questions/247450
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,019 |
Stack Exchange
|
Hello World, https://es.stackoverflow.com/users/45300
|
Spanish
|
Spoken
| 154 | 248 |
¿Se puede usar php 7 en wampserver2.4 win xp 32 bits?
hola a todos ante todos gracias por su atención mi problema es que no tengo una pc capas de correr windows7 y por ende no puedo instalar ni wampserver, ni xamp u otro programa similar por lo menos en versiones modernas la ultima que he podido instalar es la de wampserver2.4 pero todos mis proyectos estan en php 7 intente actualizar pero si bien me aparece la verion7.3.3 de php al seleccionarla el icono de wamperver se queda en naranja y nunca me inician los servidores he escuchado que pudiera ser por window xp ¿alguien sabe como solucionar el problema?
Hace tiempo averiguando un poco descubri que no hay forma de instalar php 7 en win xp por cuestiones de compatibilidad
Esto realmente no responde a la pregunta, por favor lee [answer]
Creo que la pregunta no corresponde a algo específico de programación.
| 3,242 |
1951916_2
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
| 7,271 | 10,253 |
In upholding the court's sequential presentation of capital murder and felony murder, Cooper distinguished felony murder from the passion/provocation manslaughter offense implicated in Coyle. When evidence of passion/provocation manslaughter is produced, in order to obtain a conviction for murder the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the purposeful killing was not the product of passion based on reasonable provocation. State v. Powell, 84 N.J. 305, 314-16, 419 A.2d 406 (1980). In that sense, the mental states for a purposeful killing and passion/provocation manslaughter "were interrelated." Cooper, supra, 151 N.J. at 369, 700 A.2d 306. Conversely, felony murder is a strict-liability crime. Id. at 369-70, 700 A.2d 306. Thus, because "there is no connection between the required mental state for purposeful-or-knowing murder and that for felony murder," id. at 369, 700 A.2d 306, we sustained a sequential charge of capital murder and felony murder. Id. at 370, 700 A.2d 306.
The threshold issue is whether accomplice-liability murder is an alternative theory of murder that should be considered simultaneously with death-eligible purposeful-or-knowing murder.
When the Legislature enacted the New Jersey Death Penalty Act (Act), L. 1982, c. 111, it "resurrect[ed] the distinction between a principal and an accomplice" in determining whether a defendant is a candidate for the death penalty. State v. Brown, 138 N.J. 481, 509, 651 A.2d 19 (1994) (quoting Gerald, supra, 113 N.J. at 93, 549 A.2d 792). Pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3c, a person found guilty of murder is eligible for the death penalty only if he murdered by his own conduct, procured the murder by payment or promise of payment of anything of pecuniary value, or commanded or by threat or promise solicited the murder as the leader of a narcotics trafficking network. However, the own-conduct requirement is unrelated to the State's burden of proof to obtain a conviction of purposeful-or-knowing murder:
The requirement that the homicidal act be committed by the defendant's own conduct is simply irrelevant to the question of *413 whether defendant is guilty of purposeful or knowing murder. During guilt-phase proceedings, the jury first must determine whether defendant should be convicted of murder, considering, where appropriate, principles of vicarious liability under N.J.S.A. 2C:2-6. Only after it has unanimously found defendant guilty of purposeful or knowing murder should the jury turn to the question of whether defendant committed the homicidal act by his or her own conduct.
[Gerald, supra, 113 N.J. at 100, 549 A.2d 792.]
Thus, the own-conduct requirement is not an element of purposeful-or-knowing murder; it acts solely as a "trigger" with regard to whether a death-penalty phase of a trial will occur. Brown, supra, 138 N.J. at 510, 651 A.2d 19; State v. Moore, 207 N.J.Super. 561, 576, 504 A.2d 804 (Law Div.1985); see also Gerald, supra, 113 N.J. at 93, 549 A.2d 792 ("The legislative history of the Act makes it clear ... that in enacting N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3(c), the Legislature intended to distinguish, for purposes of punishment only, a murderer who actually killedthe `triggerman'from one whose conviction rests on a theory of vicarious liability....")(emphasis added); see also N.J.S.A. 2C:2-6a ("A person is guilty of an offense if it is committed by his own conduct or by the conduct of another person for which he is legally accountable, or both.").
Therefore, because both principal and accomplice are equally guilty of purposeful-or-knowing murder under New Jersey's statutory scheme, accomplice-liability murder is an alternative and not lesser-included form of murder. See Mejia, supra, 141 N.J. at 484, 662 A.2d 308 (noting that because one who intends not to cause death but serious bodily injury that results in death is still a murderer, "serious-bodily-injury murder is an alternative form of homicide, not a lesser-included offense of `intent to kill' murder"); cf. Cooper, supra, 151 N.J. at 369, 700 A.2d 306 (distinguishing felony murder, because no connection links the required mental states for purposeful-or-knowing murder and felony murder); Coyle, supra, 119 N.J. at 221, 574 A.2d 951 (noting that "a purposeful killing can be either murder or passion/provocation manslaughter").
We reaffirm our adherence to the proposition that when a rational basis exists for a jury to convict a capital defendant of a non-death-eligible alternative form of homicide, a trial court should charge that offense in a manner that allows the jury to consider it simultaneously with death-eligible purposeful-or-knowing murder. That requirement affords us the necessary assurance that a capital jury has properly considered all available options before rendering a death-eligible verdict, an important safeguard in light of the "qualitative difference between the death penalty and other penalties." Brown, supra, 138 N.J. at 511, 651 A.2d 19 (quoting State v. Bey, 112 N.J. 123, 156, 548 A.2d 887 (1988) (Bey II)).
Here, the court explicitly told the jury on at least four separate occasions that it did not have to consider accomplice liability unless it first acquitted of own-conduct murder. Presented in that manner, the instructions improperly focused the jury's attention on the State's theory of the case and "had the potential to foreclose jury consideration," Coyle, supra, 119 N.J. at 222, 574 A.2d 951, of the non-death-eligible alternative. Moreover, the sequential instructions, standing alone, effectively required the jury to reject own-conduct murder in order to reach accomplice liability. That framework contravened our holding in Brown, supra, 138 N.J. at 509-22, 651 A.2d 19, that the own-conduct determination may be nonunanimous, in which event the penalty phase would be avoided.
The finding of error does not end our inquiry. Rather, "[o]ur assessment of the prejudicial capacity of a sequential charge is grounded in the `circumstances of the case.'" Mejia, supra, 141 N.J. at 484, 662 A.2d 308 (quoting Zola, supra, 112 N.J. at 406, 548 A.2d 1022). Here, because defendant did not object to the instructions at trial, we must determine whether the court's improper sequential charge was plain error possessing the clear capacity to bring about an unjust result. See R. 2:10-2; State v. Harvey, 151 N.J. 117, 153, 699 A.2d 596 *414 (1997); State v. Hock, 54 N.J. 526, 538, 257 A.2d 699 (1969), cert. denied, 399 U.S. 930, 90 S.Ct. 2254, 26 L. Ed.2d 797 (1970);
We are fully satisfied that under the circumstances presented by this record any error in the court's sequential presentation of own-conduct murder and accomplice-liability murder was harmless. We ground this conclusion on the practical realization that based on the facts of this case, the alternatives of own-conduct murder and accomplice-liability murder presented the jury with one indivisible issue to resolve. Because only one individual pulled the shotgun's trigger, the jury's assessment of the own-conduct issue also served as the functional equivalent of a simultaneous deliberation on accomplice liability. The court made clear to the jury that the State had to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant committed the murder by his own conduct. Thus, the jury's finding beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant was the shooter necessarily reflected its consideration and rejection of the alternative theory of defendant as accomplice. Although the ideal instruction would have expressly required the jury to consider both theories simultaneously, we do not perceive any likelihood that the court's instructions affected the outcome of the jury's deliberations.
Moreover, a fair reading of the record reveals that defense counsel considered the jury's resolution of the own-conduct issue to constitute a simultaneous deliberation on accomplice-liability murder. During the court's review of the verdict sheet with the jury, the State noted the lack of a specific accomplice-liability option on the verdict sheet and asked the court to highlight that issue:
[State]: [Y]ou have charged them about accomplice liability, but nowhere on hereand saying he can either be guilty of murder [as a principal] or of murder as an accomplice, yet its not beenit's not on the verdict sheet as a choice. So, it may be confusing to them.
[Defense]: I object to that, your honor.
[State]: Where that is applicable, the accomplice liability is applicable.
[Defense]: I think you explained it. To highlight it now it suggests, I feel, it's the proper verdict. I think it's been properly explained to them. The verdict sheet properly reflects it and I strenuously object.
The Court: I think you're right. I think it's been explained clearly and I think that's implicit and clear in the own conduct portion.
Defense counsel's objection is most likely indicative of a trial strategy aimed at avoiding a compromise verdict and securing a complete acquittal for defendant. Nevertheless, the clear implication remains that defense counsel considered the own-conduct question to encompass adequately the issue of accomplice liability.
In view of our conclusion that the sequential charge did not prejudice defendant, we need not address the State's contention at oral argument that there was not a rational basis in the evidence for the court to instruct the jury on accomplice-liability murder. Indeed, the rational-basis test poses a low threshold for a defendant to meet. Mejia, supra, 141 N.J. at 489, 662 A.2d 308 (citing State v. Crisantos, 102 N.J. 265, 278, 508 A.2d 167 (1986)); Harris, supra, 141 N.J. at 549, 662 A.2d 333. However, we note the lack of evidence in this record supporting the conclusion that anyone other than defendant was the principal actor in this murder. Defendant borrowed the gun from Kaighn and stored it in Shiplee's trunk. On the night of the murder, he pursued several other possible rides from the Columbia Cafe before leaving with Millssuggesting that whoever drove with defendant was unimportant to the execution of defendant's plan. Most importantly, defendant's inculpatory statements on multiple occasions revealed his status as the triggerman. Conversely, aside from the fact that Mills accompanied defendant from the Columbia Cafe, no evidence adduced at trial suggested that he played more than a minor role in the murder of Keith Donaghy.
In capital cases that present a jury question whether a defendant is guilty of death-eligible own-conduct murder or accomplice-liability murder, the trial court, after instructing the jury on the requisite elements of the charged offenses, *415 should instruct the jury first to determine whether the defendant is guilty of purposeful-or-knowing murder. See Gerald, supra, 113 N.J. at 100, 549 A.2d 792. The jury should be instructed that only if it unanimously reaches a guilty verdict on that offense should it then determine whether the defendant committed the murder "by his own conduct" or, alternatively, as an accomplice, the charge emphasizing that because those alternatives are mutually exclusive the jury should consider them simultaneously. During the course of its instructions, the court should make clear to the jury that it need not be unanimous on the own-conduct determination, and it must inform the jury of the legal consequences of its own-conduct finding. Brown, supra, 138 N.J. at 514, 651 A.2d 19.
We emphasize that the jury's initial determination of guilt or innocence on the charge of purposeful-or-knowing murder is not intended to resolve whether the defendant acted as principal or accomplice. Only subsequent to a guilty verdict of purposeful-or-knowing murder will the jury specifically consider what form of murderaccomplice liability or own conductsupports the murder conviction. Our case law supports that view of the jury's deliberations. See, e.g., Mejia, supra, 141 N.J. at 486-87, 662 A.2d 308 (suggesting that whether defendant intended to cause death or serious bodily injury resulting in death be considered after initial finding of guilt on unspecified form of murder); Brown, supra, 138 N.J. at 519, 651 A.2d 19 ("We do not accept the State's premise that to convict defendant of purposeful or knowing murder, the jury was required unanimously to agree that the State had proved a specific theory of liability beyond a reasonable doubt."); State v. Parker, 124 N.J. 628, 633-34, 592 A.2d 228 (1991) (recognizing jury unanimity on theory of defendant's guilt is not required), cert. denied, 503 U.S. 939, 112 S.Ct. 1483, 117 L. Ed.2d 625 (1992).
B. Jury Knowledge of Nonunanimity Option
Defendant asserts that inconsistent instructions regarding the need for unanimity left the jury confused and under the impression that it had to be unanimous on the own-conduct determination to return a valid murder conviction. In addition to the sequential charge on accomplice-liability murder, the court consistently emphasized the need for jury unanimity:
As I previously instructed, any verdicts rendered must be unanimous on any of these charges, whether it be murder, aggravated manslaughter, reckless manslaughter, [or] accomplice liability. Your verdicts must be 12 to 0 to be a verdict. I'm going to give you further instructions on that as we go along. All 12 jurors must agree that he's either guilty or not guilty of any one of the charges that you are considering.
The court reminded the jury of the need to be unanimous on at least three other occasions during its charge. Nonetheless, the court also made clear that the specific form of murder and the own-conduct determination were "special findings" that need not be unanimous:
If you have a reasonable doubt as to whether the killing was by his own conduct or if you are unable to reach a unanimous decision beyond a reasonable doubt as to whether the defendant committed the murder by his own conduct, as distinguished from being responsible for it as an accomplice, that is a permissible final verdict on this issue and that, again, would result in the imposition of a mandatory sentence for murder of at least 30 years in prison, up to life, but at least 30 [years] without parole.
After reminding the jury that it had to be unanimous with regard to its verdicts, the court again stressed the acceptability of a nonunanimous own-conduct determination near the end of its instructions:
As to the special questions that I've already discussed with you and which I'll go over with you again on the verdict sheet, not as to guilty or not guilty, but the special questions, regarding the specific form of murder, if you find the defendant guilty of murder, and regarding the by his own conduct question, if you have found him guilty of murder and if it becomes *416 appropriate for you to reach that question, those do not have to be unanimous, as I already explained to you.
The verdict sheet reiterated that direction. In pertinent part, it read:
IF YOU HAVE FOUND DEFENDANT GUILTY OF MURDER AND CHECKED (1) ABOVE THEN CHECK "a" OR "b" BELOW.
a. BY HIS OWN CONDUCT ______________ /______/
(Case will proceed to penalty phase for a decision by you as to whether the punishment is death or imprisonment for at least 30 years.)
b. NOT BY HIS OWN CONDUCT OR UNABLE TO AGREE UNANIMOUSLY ON "a"__________________/______/
(Defendant will receive a mandatory sentence of at least 30 years in prison without parole.)
The court also made the permissibility of a nonunanimous own-conduct determination clear when it reviewed the verdict sheet with the jury:
[M]aybe you all agree on [own conduct] or that you're unable to agree unanimously whether it was by his own conduct or not beyond a reasonable doubt and that's okay if that's your finding and if you make that finding, regardless of whether it's 11 to 1 or 6 to 6 one way or the other, we're not asking what the vote would be, but if that's your finding then you would check that, that you either concluded that it was not by his own conduct or that you're simply unable to unanimously agree whether it's been proven beyond a reasonable doubt that it was by his own conduct and if that's your finding, then he's still guilty of murder and he would still get the minimum mandatory prison sentence of at least 30 years without parole, but the case would not go into a second phase for determination of [a] possible death penalty.
After reviewing that aspect of the verdict sheet, the court added: "That's the murder part. Is there anybody, if it's unclear tell me. If after you're deliberating there's something unclear with this or anything else let me know and I'll bring you out and try to reexplain it, try to clear it up."
A charge "is a road map to guide the jury, and without an appropriate charge a jury can take a wrong turn in its deliberations." Brown, supra, 138 N.J. at 522, 651 A.2d 19 (quoting State v. Martin, 119 N.J. 2, 15, 573 A.2d 1359 (1990)). We regard clear and accurate instructions as an essential ingredient of a fair trial. See e.g., Brown, supra, 138 N.J. at 522, 651 A.2d 19 (citing State v. Martini, 131 N.J. 176, 271, 619 A.2d 1208 (1993), and Martin, supra, 119 N.J. at 15, 573 A.2d 1359). In the context of a capital case, adequate instructions are crucial in view of "the jury's responsibility to determine whether a defendant will live or die." Mejia, supra, 141 N.J. at 487, 662 A.2d 308 (quoting Bey II, supra, 112 N.J. at 162, 548 A.2d 887). Moreover, clearly erroneous instructions usually are considered "poor candidates for rehabilitation under the harmless error philosophy." Brown, supra, 138 N.J. at 522, 651 A.2d 19 (quoting State v. Harmon, 104 N.J. 189, 213, 516 A.2d 1047 (1986)); State v. Simon, 79 N.J. 191, 206, 398 A.2d 861 (1979).
In Brown we concluded that jury unanimity was required for the State to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that a defendant committed a murder by his own conduct. 138 N.J. at 510-11, 651 A.2d 19. Conversely, "unanimity is not required to support a verdict that a defendant guilty of murder did not commit the murder by his own conduct." Id. at 511, 651 A.2d 19. We grounded this distinction on our recognition of the qualitative difference between a death sentence and imprisonment, and on our acceptance of the principle that "non-unanimous findings should be given legal effect when those findings weigh in favor of the imposition of a life sentence" rather than the death penalty. Ibid. (citing Bey II, supra, 112 N.J. at 156, 548 A.2d 887). When a jury is unable to agree unanimously that a defendant committed a murder by his own conduct, that constitutes a valid final verdict resulting in a mandatory sentence of at least thirty years' imprisonment under N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3b. Ibid.
*417 In Brown, the trial court omitted an instruction informing the jury that nonunanimity on the own-conduct determination was permissible and would constitute a valid verdict. Id. at 514-16, 651 A.2d 19. Additionally, the court told the jury that if it was unable to agree unanimously that defendant committed the murder by his own conduct, it instead had to be unanimous that defendant committed the murder as an accomplice or co-conspirator. Id. at 514, 651 A.2d 19. Because the facts in Brown indicated that there was a basis for finding that the defendant had not committed the murder by his own conduct, "the failure to inform the jury that it had the option of returning such a [nonunanimous own-conduct] verdict was clearly capable of prejudicing defendant." Id. at 526, 651 A.2d 19.
We are satisfied that this court's instructions and the verdict sheet adequately imparted to this jury its ability to be nonunanimous on whether defendant committed the murder by his own conduct. Concededly, the court stressed the nonunanimity option near the end of its instructions, only after having focused the jury's attention on the need to be unanimous with regard to each of the underlying offenses.
However, unlike Brown, in which the jury remained uninformed about its ability to be nonunanimous on the own-conduct issue, id. at 514, 651 A.2d 19, the court here on at least three separate occasions stressed to the jury that it had the option to return a non-unanimous own-conduct verdict. That contingency also was set forth clearly on the verdict sheet. Moreover, the court told the jury that the return of a nonunanimous own-conduct verdict would result in a valid murder conviction carrying a sentence of at least thirty years in jail. Rather than isolate certain aspects of the instructions, we are obligated to view the charge as a whole. State v. Delibero, 149 N.J. 90, 106, 692 A.2d 981 (1997); State v. Ramseur, 106 N.J. 123, 280, 524 A.2d 188 (1987), aff'd sub nom. Ramseur v. Beyer, 983 F.2d 1215 (3d Cir.1992), cert. denied, 508 U.S. 947, 113 S.Ct. 2433, 124 L. Ed.2d 653 (1993); State v. Wilbely, 63 N.J. 420, 422, 307 A.2d 608 (1973). Doing so here, we are unable to conclude that the charge was "clearly capable of misleading the jury." Brown, supra, 138 N.J. at 526, 651 A.2d 19 (quoting Harmon, supra, 104 N.J. at 213, 516 A.2d 1047). We are confident that this jury was not confused concerning its ability to return a nonunanimous own-conduct finding.
III
Publicity and Pretrial Issues
A. Impanelment of Salem County Jury, Midtrial Voir Dire, and Postverdict Polling of the Jury
Defendant advances a three-pronged attack on the trial court's responses to the risk that prejudicial publicity affected the integrity of the jury's verdicts. Defendant contends that the court abused its discretion by empaneling a jury from Salem County instead of Cumberland County; that it committed reversible error by failing to conduct individualized voir dire regarding the jury's exposure to midtrial publicity; and that it erred by not individually polling the jurors after the death sentence about their knowledge of the other murder with which defendant was charged.
Unlike our recent decision in State v. Harris, 156 N.J. 122, 716 A.2d 458 (1998), this case does not involve saturated media coverage creating a presumption of prejudice to a defendant. See State v. Koedatich, 112 N.J. 225, 273, 548 A.2d 939 (1988)(Koedatich I), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 1017, 109 S.Ct. 813, 102 L. Ed.2d 803 (1989); State v. Biegenwald, 106 N.J. 13, 33, 524 A.2d 130 (1987)(Biegenwald II). Where a presumption of prejudice has arisen in a capital case, the appropriate response is to transfer the trial to another county. Harris, supra, 156 N.J. at 134, 716 A.2d 463.
Rather, defendant here raises a more discrete claim attacking the sufficiency of the measures the court adopted to prevent prejudice. Although defendant concedes that impanelment of a Salem County jury reduced the level of prejudice against defendant, he argues that the court's duty was to minimize prejudice, an obligation that would have been effectuated if the court selected jurors from Cumberland County. As noted, defendant *418 was to be tried separately for the October 31, 1993 stabbing death of Ronald Pine, another gas station attendant. Much of the media coverage, although factual and not inflammatory in nature, contained references to the second murder. That reporting was contained primarily in The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia and southern New Jersey), The Courier Post (Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties), The Gloucester County Times (Gloucester County), and Today's Sunbeam (Salem County). Recognizing the obvious prejudice to defendant if jurors with knowledge of his implication in the second murder sat on the jury, the trial court began jury selection in Gloucester County believing that voir dire would eliminate those with knowledge of the second murder.
Problems associated with Gloucester County jury selection soon became apparent. Most significantly, it was difficult to determine whether potential jurors knew of the second murder without asking the question directly. Defendant moved for a change of venue. Citing the relatively limited and non-inflammatory coverage of the murders, and because the coverage was concentrated some two years prior to jury selection, the court denied the motion without prejudice. However, the court's faith in the Gloucester County jury pool was soon undermined. A number of jurors who were excused for other reasons revealed during post-dismissal questioning their knowledge of the second murder. The indirect manner in which voir dire attempted to elicit a potential juror's knowledge of the second murder obviously was ineffective. After conducting extensive voir dire in Gloucester County over several weeks, the court halted jury selection:
It's my conclusion based upon between 150 and 200 jurors that have been interviewed that I cannot satisfy myself as the individual who is vested with this broad discretionary power and upon whom a reviewing court would rely to a significant extent and pay significant deference to in determining whether or not the voir dire was able to assure the selection of an impartial jury.
I cannot say that I have sufficient confidence in the results of this voir dire to be so assured. As probing as it's been, with the considerable efforts of counsel on both sides, as well as by this Court, I simply do not have the confidence level that I feel I should have to be assured that this process will yield a fair and impartial jury, consisting of no one who is likely to have heard about the other murder and this defendant's implication in it.
There have been a number of jurors, prospective jurors, who were very close to being qualified, who almost offhandedly or as an afterthought acknowledged that they knew something about the other murder. Sometimes it was vague information.
....
The fact that in every article without exception, although the number of articles has not been that great, it really hasn't, but the fact that in every article these 2 cases have been linked and the results of the publicity come through to me with these prospective jurors, that there is a pervasive knowledge among the citizens of this county that the same person is charged in these 2 gas station murders, they're just linked, from the day he was arrested they've been linked, because I cannot ask detailed enough questions, nor can counsel, to ferret out that information with reasonable assurance, because by going too far with pointed questions prejudice would be created and because of that it is my conclusion that the motion for a change of venue should be granted, in order to avoid the likelihood of prejudice to the defendant resulting from pretrial publicity.
After concluding that a change of venue was necessary, the court stated that a further decision would be made regarding whether to move the trial or simply impanel a foreign jury to sit in Gloucester County. Defense counsel expressed no preference for one option over the other, explaining that "[t]he issue is the purity of the jurors we get, not where the court is held." The court accepted that concession and, taking into account the convenience to witnesses, family members and attorneys, concluded that a foreign jury would be impaneled to hear the case in Gloucester County.
*419 Defendant contended that the proper choice would be a jury from Cumberland County, because media penetration there was less intensive than in surrounding counties. The court, however, relying on the Appellate Division's decision in State v. Harris, 282 N.J.Super. 409, 660 A.2d 539 (1995), concluded for several reasons that Salem County would be the source of the foreign jury. Although the murders were the subject of more press coverage in Salem County than in Cumberland County, the court observed that the articles published in Salem County's Today's Sunbeam were shorter, fewer in number, and less prominently placed than articles in the other papers. Additionally, the court noted that Salem County possessed a reserve juror panel sufficient to satisfy the court's need for a large jury pool, whereas Cumberland County would have required several months to assemble an adequate pool. Moreover, the demographic makeup of Salem County approximated that of Gloucester County more closely than Cumberland County.
Finally, the court determined that because of the possibility of a second trial for the Ronald Pine murder, Cumberland County should be reserved for that case. The court reasoned that in view of its closer link to Gloucester County, Salem County would experience publicity no matter where the first trial was held. Thus, Salem would be a problematic location for a second trial. Conversely, holding the first trial in Gloucester County with a Salem County jury would be unlikely to result in significant publicity in Cumberland County, which is more detached from newsworthy events in Gloucester County, thereby preserving Cumberland for the possible second trial.
Because a criminal defendant is guaranteed the right to an impartial jury, Irvin v. Dowd, 366 U.S. 717, 722, 81 S.Ct. 1639, 1642, 6 L. Ed.2d 751, 755 (1961), a trial court must observe significant precautions to minimize adverse pretrial and midtrial publicity that is capable of affecting juror perception of the case. State v. Williams, 93 N.J. 39, 63, 459 A.2d 641 (1983) (Williams I). Whether a "realistic likelihood of prejudice from pretrial publicity," id. at 67-68 n. 13, 459 A.2d 641, exists is the standard to be applied by trial courts in resolving what precautionary measures to take. Available options include a change of venue, selection of a foreign jury, and augmentation of the jury pool. Id. at 67, 459 A.2d 641; Biegenwald II, supra, 106 N.J. at 32, 524 A.2d 130; see also R. 3:14-2 (authorizing change of venue or foreign jury if "a fair and impartial trial cannot otherwise be had"). A court must also conduct adequate voir dire to guard against the dangers of hidden bias. Williams I, supra, 93 N.J. at 68, 459 A.2d 641; Biegenwald II, supra, 106 N.J. at 32, 524 A.2d 130 (noting that "searching voir dire examinations" are means of protecting defendant's constitutional rights). We place great reliance on a trial court's voir dire examinations in determining a juror's actual bias. Koedatich I, supra, 112 N.J. at 274, 548 A.2d 939 (citing Patton v. Yount, 467 U.S. 1025, 1038-39, 104 S.Ct. 2885, 2892-93, 81 L. Ed.2d 847, 858 (1984)).
In criminal prosecutions in which the level of pre-trial publicity does not justify a trial court in presuming prejudice to the defendant, we ordinarily will affirm a trial court's determinations regarding appropriate prophylactic measures unless they constitute an abuse of discretion. See State v. Marshall, 123 N.J. 1, 76, 586 A.2d 85 (1991), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 929, 113 S.Ct. 1306, 122 L. Ed.2d 694 (1993). Here, the trial court relied on Harris, supra, 282 N.J.Super. at 421, 660 A.2d 539, an Appellate Division decision that adopted the American Bar Association's recommended test to determine the source of a foreign jury or the appropriate venue. That test is comprised of five factors:
(1) The nature and extent of pretrial publicity, if any, in the proposed venue;
(2) The relative burdens on the respective courts in changing to the proposed venue;
(3) The relative hardships imposed on the parties, witnesses, and other interested persons with regard to the proposed venue;
(4) The racial, ethnic, religious and other relevant demographic characteristics of the proposed venue, insofar as they *420 may affect the likelihood of a fair trial by an impartial jury;
(5) Any other factor which may be required by the interests of justice.
[Ibid. (quoting Criminal Justice Standards: Trial by Jury ABA Criminal Justice Section Standard 15-1.4 (3d ed.1993)).]
We are confident that impanelment of a Salem County jury was an appropriate exercise of the court's discretion. First, as this was not a case of sustained, inflammatory publicity, see Harris, supra, 156 N.J. at 145, 716 A.2d 469, defendant concedes that a change of venue was not mandatory. Although Salem County was shown to have a higher level of publicity than Cumberland County, it was by no means inundated with publicity about the murders. Also, Cumberland County's lack of a large reserve juror pool weighed in favor of empaneling a Salem County jury. Additionally, the demographic makeup of Salem more closely reflected that of Gloucester County. The court meticulously identified and discussed each relevant factor and concluded that Salem County was the appropriate source for defendant's jury. We agree.
Moreover, the searching voir dire conducted by both the court and counsel in Salem County reassures us that the jury considering defendant's case was fair and impartial. In addition to filling out a thirteen-page questionnaire, each potential juror who revealed his or her familiarity with either the defendant or any facts of the case was automatically excused. The court took that extra precaution even though we have not mandated automatic excusal for jurors whose impartiality is intact but who may have been exposed to publicity about some aspects of a pending prosecution. Marshall I, supra, 123 N.J. at 77, 586 A.2d 85. In sum, we have no reason to believe "that any juror was so tainted by pretrial publicity as to affect the deliberative process." Id. at 78, 586 A.2d 85.
During the trial itself, the court continuously admonished the jury to avoid any exposure to publicity about the case. The following comment is representative of the court's reminders to the jury:
Continue please, to follow the instructions that I've given you all along. Do not discuss this case. Do not read anything about it. There's been quite a bit of coverage of this case. Be sure if you want to read the papers you have someone screen those papers for you ahead of time and pull out or cut out any articles that deal with this case in any way directly or indirectly.
Additionally, on one occasion during the penalty phase the court stated on the record that it ordered sheriff's officers to place themselves in front of a newspaper vending box that contained a newspaper with a headline about the case.
On at least three instances during the trial defense counsel requested individualized voir dire to determine whether jurors were exposed to prejudicial publicity. The court declined in each instance, choosing instead to conduct a collective voir dire of the jury. None of the jurors volunteered that they had heard or read anything about the case.
During the penalty-phase deliberations, defense counsel requested that the court conduct individualized voir dire after the return of a verdict, and to ask each juror directly whether they had received any information about the second murder, either before or during the trial. The court denied this request, characterizing it as "speculative and not a realistic possibility." The court discharged the jury without having inquired, either individually or collectively, about their knowledge of the second murder.
Defendant contends that the court erred in failing to conduct individualized voir dire during the trial, and by rejecting defendant's request to poll the jury individually after its penalty-phase verdict to uncover any possible knowledge of the Pine murder. In the context of another death penalty case, we recently stated the principles that guide us in resolving these claims of prejudice based on alleged prejudicial publicity:
Of particular significance here is that aspect of impartiality mandating "that the jury's verdict be based on evidence received in open court, not from outside *421 sources." As expressed by Justice Holmes, "[t]he theory of our system is that the conclusions to be reached in a case will be induced only by evidence and argument in open court, and not by any outside influence, whether of private talk or public print." ... The Court has consistently required trial courts to protect both jurors and their deliberations from illegitimate influences that threaten to taint the verdict. [T]rial judges must "seek out and expose outside factors impinging upon the jury's freedom of action and its impartiality and essential integrity."
[Harris, supra 156 N.J. at 142, 716 A.2d 467-68 (quoting State v. Bey, 112 N.J. 45, 75, 548 A.2d 846)(1988) (Bey I) (citations omitted).]
We address the problem of midtrial publicity in much the same manner as prejudicial pretrial publicity. Bey I, supra, 112 N.J. at 74-78, 548 A.2d 846; Williams I, supra, 93 N.J. at 63, 459 A.2d 641. Whether midtrial voir dire is necessary to uncover jury exposure to prejudicial publicity depends upon (1) the publicity's ability to prejudice the defendant, and (2) whether there is a "realistic possibility that such information may have reached one or more of the jurors," focusing on the "extent, notoriety, and prominence of the media coverage." Bey I, supra, 112 N.J. at 83-86, 548 A.2d 846. Although noting that individualized voir dire was more likely to ferret out a juror's exposure to prejudicial publicity than an en banc examination, we declined to adopt a hard and fast rule mandating individualized jury voir dire. Id. at 86-87 n. 26, 548 A.2d 846.
In the context of this case, we find no error in the court's collective voir dire of the jury during the trial. We note that this was a trial that did not engender extensive publicity. Moreover, the "realistic possibility that [prejudicial publicity] may have reached one or more of the jurors," id. at 86, 548 A.2d 846, was minimized by the court's extensive pretrial voir dire and continuous instructions throughout the trial admonishing the jurors to avoid any publicity regarding the case. Unlike Bey I, supra, 112 N.J. at 79-80, 548 A.2d 846, this was not a case in which the court simply told the jurors to come forward if they were ever exposed to publicity; the court did conduct collective voir dire on several occasions during the course of the trial. We find the court's discharge of its obligations in this regard to be cautious and conscientious, and do not perceive any abuse of discretion.
Similarly, we find no error in the court's refusal to poll the jurors individually after the penalty-phase verdict to determine whether they had been exposed to publicity regarding the other murder. We have previously rejected similar contentions. See State v. Loftin, 146 N.J. 295, 382, 680 A.2d 677 (1996)(Loftin I) and Koedatich I, supra, 112 N.J. at 288-89, 548 A.2d 939. We note that defendant's claim here is weaker than those presented in Loftin I and Koedatich I because he has not presented any evidence suggesting that any juror obtained prejudicial information. Defendant's assertion that this case is different because the request to poll was made before the jury was discharged is of no moment. "Good cause" must still be shown to poll jurors after a verdict under Rule 1:16-1, a showing that defendant has failed to make.
In sum, defendant has not offered a persuasive reason either to question the adequacy of the trial court's precautionary measures or to undermine our confidence in the integrity of defendant's jury or in their verdict.
B. Disqualification of Susan Vasile
We are fully satisfied that Susan Vasile was properly excluded from serving on defendant's jury. After a long and searching voir dire examination, the court concluded that Vasile's "extreme reluctance to acknowledge that she'd be able to vote for the death penalty ... would substantially impair her ability to function."
Vasile was examined thoroughly by the court, the prosecutor, and defense counsel. Defendant points out that although Vasile expressed cautious views regarding the death penalty, she did say that she would be able to follow the law as instructed. However, Vasile repeatedly equivocated on whether she could vote to impose the death penalty, frequently framing her responses to indicate *422 that she "would like to think" she could vote for the death penalty but that it would depend on the facts of the case. When confronted with a fact pattern justifying imposition of the death penalty under New Jersey law, Vasile still could not say that she could impose a sentence of death. Indeed, Vasile said flatly that if she voted for a death sentence, "I would feel like I'm committing a murder."
In Ramseur, supra, 106 N.J. at 256, 524 A.2d 188, we adopted the Adams/Witt test for excluding jurors for cause. Wainwright v. Witt, 469 U.S. 412, 105 S.Ct. 844, 83 L. Ed.2d 841 (1985); Adams v. Texas, 448 U.S. 38, 100 S.Ct. 2521, 65 L. Ed.2d 581 (1980). That test requires a finding whether, in the court's discretion, a prospective juror's beliefs or attitudes would substantially interfere with his or her deliberative duties.
This prospective juror repeatedly equivocated concerning her ability to impose the death penalty. She also volunteered the belief, without prompting from the court or counsel, that she would feel like a "murderer" if she voted to impose the death penalty. We therefore find the court's dismissal of Vasile to be an appropriate exercise of its discretion.
IV
Guilt-Phase Issues
A. Prosecutorial Misconduct in Guilt-Phase Summation
The State's case was based almost exclusively on the inculpatory statements made by defendant after the murder. The State presented evidence that defendant and Mills sought to borrow a car and that both men left the Columbia Cafe in Renee Burkhardt's car, with Michael Mills in the driver's seat. The State also provided circumstantial evidence suggesting that the two men had a gun in their possession, and that they returned to the bar roughly one hour after they had left. However, the State presented no evidence other than the fact that Donaghy was murdered and robbed, along with defendant's later descriptions of the murder, to show what actually occurred during that time frame.
Nevertheless, during the State's summation the prosecutor sought to provide some of the missing pieces:
So what happens? Around 8:00 Mills and [defendant] pull out. Mills is the driver. Somewhere along that route this man's first act of intent to kill, first act of purpose, preplanned, premeditated, intent to kill occurs. He takes the shotgun and loads it with the slug.
Defense counsel immediately objected, asking for support in the record justifying the comment. The court stated that it was a permissible inference to be drawn, and ordered defense counsel to sit down.
The prosecutor continued:
Well, maybe he doesn't do it during the ride, but the act of putting this slug into this weapon is an intent, an intent to use this gun, use it with a slug. It's not the bird shot, or whatever you would use for small game. This is a slug, this is a three quarter ounce piece of lead. That's his first act of intent.
....
[T]his man and Mills are headed towards the gas station with him intent on killing Keith. As [Wr]igley puts it, he wanted to feel what it was like to kill. And what you find from the pictures and the [crime-scene] video is that's what his intent was when he went in that station, first to kill.
What do they do? They drive down the front. Here is Ogden Road. They drive in front of the station. And here are the windows. Keith is seated here. They can see that he's alone, seated there doing his job. They continue down. And they go down the road between the Texaco and
Again, defense counsel objected, asking for support in the record. The court admonished the prosecutor not to ask for speculation. The prosecutor continued: "[Mills and defendant] [p]ulled down Georgetown Road and park. Mills is going tohe's going to be the getaway driver. What does [defendant] do? It's loadednot now." Counsel objected for the third time. The court characterized the statement as a permissible inference to ask the jury to draw based on facts in *423 the record. At side bar, the court recited the facts contained in the record supporting such an inference:
The Court: Fact one, Mills and [defendant] leave the bar together. Fact two, they take a car to which Mills got the keys and was seen as the driver driving it when it left the bar. Fact three, they returned to the bar and Mills hands the girl back the keys. Fact four, [defendant] admits to several people that while they were out he killed this guy.
I think it is a logical and reasonable inference that can be drawn, doesn't have to be drawn, but is a permissible and reasonable and logical inference that he was the driver and [defendant] was the killer.
[Defense]: How about that he said he would be the getaway car driver?
[Prosecutor]: I never said that.
The Court: I don't think he did, either.
| 26,708 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26060717
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StackExchange
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,014 |
Stack Exchange
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Dingredient, Hardik Patel, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2267958, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2386700
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English
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Spoken
| 196 | 373 |
How to get instance of RemoteWebDriver Selenium Grid?
public RemoteWebDriver driver;
public void Login() throws Exception {
if (driver instanceof ChromeDriver || driver instanceof FirefoxDriver) {
driver.get(URL);
} else if (driver instanceof InternetExplorerDriver) {
driver.get(URL2);
enterCred();
} else if (driver instanceof OperaDriver) {
driver.get(URL2);
}
}
I am trying to get the instance of the RemoteWebDriver but the code above doesn't seem to work. I have to get a 2 separate URLs because of how internet explorer handles the login procedure. The code above worked when I was using just a normal webdriver but now that it is a RemoteWebDriver, IE is not being able to get the proper URL.
It will work if I take out everything from login to driver.get(URL); but only for Chrome and Firefox.
think i figured it out. i get do driver.toString(); and it will get something like this. [RemoteWebDriver: firefox on WINDOWS (6101278d-fc76-4459-9545-cf0e0052e30b)]
You should post this as an answer, and then accept it.
think i figured it out. i get do driver.toString(); and it will get something like this. [RemoteWebDriver: firefox on WINDOWS (6101278d-fc76-4459-9545-cf0e0052e30b)].
After i got that i just looked for the keyword "firefox", "chrome", or "internet explorer"
| 14,589 |
baltimorecitydir00boyd_28
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US-PD-Books
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,858 |
The Baltimore city directory ..
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 8,831 | 15,652 |
Cabinet furniture and upholstery warehouse, 13 Calvert, mahogany and lumberyard, 130 s Charles Williams Joseph, machinist, 62 s Poppleton Williams Joseph, rigger, 43 Pell, dw 272 El stern av Williams Joseph, huckster, cor Fayette and Durham Williams Joshua B. Monument square Williams Joshua B. book-keeper Chesapeake Bank, s e cor North and Fayette Williams Lewis H. 200 n Howard Williams Lloyd W. & G. G. attorneys, McEldowney's building, s w cor Charles and Fayette Williams 'Phomas, shoemaker, 84 Hamburg Williams Capt. Thomas W. 12 n Bond Williams Lawrence, milkman, Dolphin near Bolton Williams Maurice, 19 w Pratt Williams Margaret, grocer, 158 Ross Williams Maria, 57 n Pexeter Williams Mary, 19 w Pratt Williams Mary A. 28 Jefferson Williams Mary, 77 n Charles Williams Mrs. Mary Ann, 16 n Bond Williams Mrs. Mary A. fashionable dress maker, 303 Franklin Williarn-st (Eleth.) Church, William near Church WILLIAMS N. counsel at law, nw cor. Lexington and Calvert Williams Nathan, proprietor omnibus, 303 Franklin Williams Nathaniel F. 47 Mulberry Williams Otho H. (Wm. Howell & Son,) 44 Mount Vernon place Williams Owen, oak cooper, 143 Carpentier al Williams Patrick, laborer, 5 Camden WILLIAMS DR. PHILIP C. 87 n Charles Williams Richard, wagoner, 242 Aisquith Williams Philip, varnisher, 61 s Durham Williams Samuel 'P. coach trimmer, s w cor Caroline and Hampstead Williams Samuel O. clerk, 47 Mulberry Williams Sarah, 192 Aliceanna Williams Susan, 20 s Republican Williams Rev. Stephen, city missionary, 107 Mulberry Williams Thomas, chair maker 14 Jefferson WILLIAMS Thomas S. jr. carpenter, 50 French Williams Thomas, 48 Pennsylvania av Williams Thomas C. carpenter, 52 n Caroline Williams Thomas S. sr. collector, 146 Mulberry Williams Thomas W. 33 Lexington Williams Thomas, 819 W Baltimore Williams Thomas smelter, Clinton near Boston, Canton Williams Underwood R. 4 Parkin Williams Walter, cart driver, 4 President Williams William L. 26 s Broadway Williams William, smelter, Clinton near Boston, Canton Williams Wm. mariner, Chapel near Gough Williams Wm. clerk, 104 Guugh Williams Wm. C. planing mill, 11 n Eden Williams Wm. C. machinist, 11 n Eden Williams Wm. carpenter, cor Lee and Howard, dw 177 Lee Williams Wm. chairmaker, 19 w Pratt, dw 179 Mulberry Williams Wm. H. 78 Preston Williamson Charles A. of Union Bank and vice consul for Sardinia, 50 Centle Williams C. James, butcher, 20 May Williamson James P. druggist, 126 N Gay Williamson James P. teacher, 126 Ensor Williamson Jane, grocery, 73 Preston Williamson Mary, 144 Ensor Williamson Riley P. teacher, Calverton Mills near Almshouse Williamson Wm. F. deputy warden jail, 118 Hreslon Williamson Wm. M. shoemaker, 18 Ensor Williamson Wm. nail maker, 34 President Williamson Andrew J. 571 W Fayette Williamson George P. superd. letter carriers post office, dw 330 W Fayette Williamson Henry K. cattle dealer, 176 Franklin Williamson Wm. A. (Samuel Bevan & Co.) 187 Franklin Willard Win. clerk, 6 Aisquith Willard James A. silversmith, 170 Chesnut Williamson George, jr. music store, 1 in Charles, (Iw 111) Mulberry Willard Harry, clerk, 14 Mulberry Willard Joseph, clerk, 140 Mulberry Willinger, Willinger Michael, feed store, nw cor Central av and Chase Willis, Mrs. Amelia, boarding house, 17 McHenry, Willis Ashley, Chapel near Pratt Willis, Beale, clerk, 53 n Fremont Willis, Benj. F. general commission merchant, 88 Light, dw 415 w Fayette Willis, Conelius L. ship joiner, 77 Block Willis & Co. flour and produce commission merchants, 286 w Pratt and 52 s Howard Willis, George, upholsterer, 616 boarding house, 106 Mullikin Willis Riclid, apothecary, 353 w Lombard Willis Thomas, gardener, 529 Lexington Willis Thomas, tailor, 182 E Fayeite Willis Thomas, carpenter, 562 w Baltimore, will Republican near Lexington Willis Thomas, clerk, 42 n Fremont Willis Michael, dyer, 19 Low Will Jacob, milk dealer, 155 s Eden Wills Benj F. halter, 125 Aisquith WILLS BUCHANAN, clerk at N. R. Woodward's livery stables, 35 North Wills, David clerk, 21 s Howard, Wills, John, (McJillon & W.) 142 n Charles, Wills, John, plasterer, 245 Hoffman, Wills, Mary Ann, dress maker, 213 e Monument, Wills, Rich, C. plasterer, 351 Pranklin, Wills, Wm. plasterer, 245 Hoffman, Willey, George, laborer, 214 Cross, WILLSON & CANBY, Abbitt's City Block, Mills, at drawbridge, West Fair av. — [Seep. 52] advertisements] Willson, F. W., 11 s Broadway, Willson, Robert M., clerk, 16 n Eutaw, Wilmer, Charles, 49 Lexington, Wilmer, James C., carpenter, 199 e Eager, Wilmer, John, comrais, merchant, over Bowly's wharf, 169 w Lombard, Wilmer, Lewis, driver, ice wagon, 582 Penn. av, Wilmes, Bernard, clothier, cor Pratt and Schroeder, Wilmor, Emanuel, brickmaker, 177 Mullikin Wilmot John G. crier Superior court, 21 s Bond Wilson Allen, carpenter, 122 Holins Wilson Andrew L. tinner, 550 Saratoga Wilson Andrew, stone cutter, Republican near Franklin Wilstm Ann M. 180 w Madison Wilson Aquilla, 199 e Lombard Wilson Archibald, jr. clerk, 60 President Wilson Archibald, laborer, 168 Orleans WILL BALTIMORE DIRECTORY. Wilson Archibald, tavern, 60 President Wilson Archibald, weigher, 60 President Wilson Archibald, wholesale grocers Wilson Bernard, clerk, 60 Greene Wilson Catherine, 3 Walnut at Wilson Capt. Charles, 1 Lombard Wilson Charles, mate, 1 Regesier Wilson Charles, carpenter, 21 Barre Wilson Charles, ladies' shoemaker, corner Saratoga and Poppleton Wilson David, plasterer, 200 Central av Wilson David S. (Win. Wilson & Sons,) 47 Charles Wilson David, carpenter, 2126 E Monument Wilson Eleanor, 131 S Pacific Wilson Edward, pilot, 145 S Ann Wilson Edward J. bricklayer, corner Lombard and Strieker Wilson Edward J. 421 n Gay Wilson Elizabeth, plain sewing, 159 Sarah Ann Wilson Elizabeth, seamstress, 10 Jackson's ci Wilson E. H. attorney, 84 Brondway Wilson E. F. harness maker, 203 n Eden Wilson Edw'd, (Coleman & W.) 145 s Ann Wilson Emma, 56 Albemarle Wilson Francis, carpenter. Mount 3 doors n of McHenry Wilson Capt. Francis B. ()3 s Ann Wilson George, painter, 154 East Wilson George, butcher, 197 Penna. av Wilson George A. 2 s.Ann Wilson George ship carpenter. '206 Forrest Wilson Greenbury B. ^1 St. Paul WILSON GREENBURY. clerk, 55 Greenmount av Wilson Dr. H. R. C. 72 n Greene Wilson Henry R. (Win Wilson & Sons,) 8:} w Monument Wilson Dr. Henry M. 300 w Fayette Wilson Henry K. ethereal oil agent, 30 n Fremont Wilson Mrs. Hannah, 404 n Gav WILSON & HINDES, slave depot, 11 (Jamden Wilson Naac, officer steamboat Louisiana, 5S e Lombard Wilson J. C. & Co. wholesale grocers, 2 and 3 Exchange place, dw J. C. W. 73 n Charles Wilson James, com. merchi. dw 20 Hiday Wilson James B. clerk, 251 n Howard Wilson James, 550 Saratoga Wilson James A. bakes 86 St. Paul Wilson James R. rarpenier, 550 Saratoga Wilson James, 68 n Dallas Wilson James, brif-klaver, 208 e Fayette Wilson James G. (Win. W. & Sons,) 47 n Charles Wilson James, salesman, 119 n Gay Wilson James S. brickmaker, cor Strieker and Lombard Wilson James, baiter and confectioner 51 n Greene Wilson James, collector and produce merchants. 121 North, dw 97 St. Paul Wilson James, car regulator, 190 Ramsay Wilson James J. collector and property agent. 84 George Wilson, Mrs. James N. 56 Mt. Vernon place Wilson Jacob, blacksmith, 117 Columbia Wilson Jane, 14 Watson Wilson Joseph C. Entaw House Wilson John W. (W. & Canby,) T.O. Albe-marle Wilson Capt. John, 34 s Broadway Wilson John, laborer, 42 s Durham Wilson John, laborer, 42 s Durham Wilson John, grocer and feed dealer, 132 s Washington Wilson John, porter, 21 East WILSON JOHN E. commission merchant. 55 Second Wilson John T. Shosmaker, 748 W. Baltimore Wilson John H. Bookkeeper, 254 Penn. Ave Wilson John, laborer, 68 N. Dallas Wilson John Painter, 36 N. Dallas Wilson John Painter, 36 N. Dallas Wilson John Painter, 36 N. Dallas Wilson Jonathan M. (W. & H. B. & Co.) 11 Camden Wilson Joseph, gunsmith, 185 E. Lombard WILSON JOSEPH E. paper hanger, 109 Howard, dw 55 Garden Wilson Joseph, gunsmith, Lombard Caroline Wilson Joseph, 434 W. Lombard Wilson Joseph, grocer, 86 Holland Wilson Joseph, private watchman, 116 E. Lombard Wilson Julia A. boarding house, 8 W. Cor Entaw and Fayeite Wilson Joseph G. clerk, 410 Lexington Wilson Joseph, bricklayer, 26 N. Bethel WILSON LOUIS, officer public store, 63 Hollins Wilson Margaret, 17 High Ave Wilson Matthew, laborer 536 Saratoga Wilson Nancy, 71 Centre Wilson Oliver, plasterer, 209 n Central av Wilson Peregrine T. regalia dealer, 43 n Gay, dvv 188 Hanover Wilson Rachel, 6 s Front Wilson Robert, property agent and collector, 172 Aisquili Wilson Robeii, clerk, Lombard nr. Amity Wilson Robeii, plumber, 45 Greenmount av Wilson Robeii, plumber, 45 Greenmount av Wilson Robeii, moulder, 25 Philpot av Wilson Samuel, painter, 5 Orlean. Wilson Samuel, miller, 27 Gouirh Wilson Samuel, painter, 41 Bovd, dw 71 Hollins Wilson Sarah, 29 Chew Wilson Mrs. Sarah, 40 George Wilson Mrs. Sarah, 40 George Wilson Thos. paper slainer, 68 Richmond WILSON T. OSWALD, tobacco and grain merchant, over n e cor Gay and Pratt, dw 146 w Lombard Wilson Capl. Th Wilson, Thos. J. (Wm. W. & Sons,) 91 Park WIL JOHN W. WOODS WIN Wilson, Rev. Franklin, west end Franklin Wilson, Thomas & Co. shipping and commission. Meicnts. G2 s Gay, dwT.W. ISLe^xington Wilson Thos. laborer, 87 Walson Wilson Thos. blacksmith, Hollins nr Carey Wilson Vincent T. clerk, 131 s Paca Wilson Walter S. carpenter, 129 Hollins Wilson Wm. jr. (W. & Burns,) Eutaw House Wilson Wm. jr. (W. & Burns,) Eutaw House Wilson Wm. 2 Calendar Wilson Wm. wholesale grocer and commission merchant, 37 n Howard, dw 274 Saratoga Wilson Wm. plasterer, 35 Camden Wilson Wm. carpenter, 51 Perry Wilson Wm. die sinker & engraver, 93 Thames Wilson Wm. moulder, 117 Columbia Wilson Wm. moulder, 117 Columbia Wilson Wm. V. engineer, 59 Granby Wilson Young 0. bricklayer, 174 Hanover Wilz George, scale maker, 145 Orleans Wimmel Sarah, 193 e Baltimore Wimmer George, piano maker, 175 Lemmon Wimmer, John, piano maker, 49 Portland Wimsett Francis, 37 E. Pratt, Wimsett Robert W. painter, 223 S. Paca, Winans De Witt Clinton, cor Parkin and Hollins, Winans Thomas, 30 Hollins, Winans Walter S. cor Parkin and Hollins, Winchester Alexander, merchant, 11 Spear's wharf, 62 Mount Vernon place, Winchester Mrs. Grace, 15 Mulberry, Winchester Henry, officer B. & O. R. R. 24 Scott Winchester J. Marshall, stock and bill bro- ker, 55 Second, dw 232 n Eutaw Winchester .J. M., Read between Charles and Cathedral Winchester James, (Brown & W.) Govans- town, Baltimore county Winchester Martha S. 52 Stiles Winchester Samuel C. patent shirt manufac- turer, 185 w Baltimore Winchester Samuel, jr. patent shirt manufac- turer, 65 Columbia Winchester Wm. 34 Franklin Winchester Mrs. W. 52 Stiles WinckelmanFredk. well digger, 176 Conway Winckelman Wm. well digger, 1 Gough Winder John W. sailor, 70 Hampstead Winderling John, harness maker, 414 Can- ton av Windford John, carpenter, 46 s Republican Windford Thomas W. foreman foundry, O'Donnell near Patuxcnt, Canton Windle John, tailor, 282 Canton av Windle John W. printer, 30 n Amity Windolf llarinan, cabinet mak. 385 w Pratt Windsor C. W. druggist, and apothecary, 371 Light Windstroh Henry, varnisher, 8 Grindle Windus John, 52 Henrietta Windus Wm. barrel deal. 305 Sharp Wind wart Dr. Henry, Rock Spring Garden, Fredk. av below Calverton road Wineberg Abraham, shoemaker, 40 Orleans Winegar George, iron roller, Canton av near Gist^ Winekam Henry, carter, 5 s Chapel Winlield Mary, 35 n Poppleton Wing Jane R. ladies' school, 124 Lexington, dw 69 Wingate Frederick, tailor, 317 e Lombard Wingate Geo. H. painter, 22 Warren Wingaie Jas. law reporter, 141 w layette Wingate Julin H. grocer, 96 Warner Wingate John, mariner, r24 Thames Wingate & Lusby, house carpenters, 52 Regester Wingate iVJary R. tailoress, 29 Gough Wingate Samuel, ship carpenter, Baltimore, near Wolfe Wingate Capt. Thomas T. Baltimore near Wolfe Wingate Wm. (W. & Lusby) 267 e Pralt Wingate Wm. ship carpt. Baltimore near Wolfe Winger Lenhardt, boot mak. 148 Columbia VVingerd Adam B. (W., White & Swope,) lG5 w Fayette Wingerd, Wliite & Swope, wholesale deal- eis in boots, shoes, hats, &c. n w corner Baltimore and Howard Winheira Valentine, carver, 62 Park Winingder Eliza, Chester, s of Baltimore Wmingder James, butcher, Chester s of Baltimore Winingder Thomas, butcher, Chester s of Baltimore Wmkelman Casp. tailor, 56Greenmount av Winkelnian Rinehart, Cambridge, Canton Wiiikins Thomas, sailor, 160 G. Hughes Winkleinan hleniy, (Klare & W.) 13 Perry Winkleman John, box maker, J5 Gram, dw 1 Siate Winkleman John, police, 56 Leadenhall Wmklenian John H. shoemak. 135 Cauulen Winkleman John, box maker, 1 State Winkler Barthoiomevv, grocery, 3b7 Sara- toga Winkler Joseph, shoemaker, 46 German Winkler Valentine, laborer, 239 s Wulfe Winks John W. WIT 425 WINS i'A.NDLEY JAMblS L. Branch res Wi>e Julin W. salesman, 43 Centre MarUej lauiani, oj vv Kayetie space Wiiiier Andrew, lailof, s'J Orleans WlrfH JOHN J. & BllO. piano makers, Winter Anione, shoemaker, 12 n Greene ;<1 Hanovei, dw J. J. VV. 213 Saratoga Winter Ciirislian, cij<ar inak.312 Henrietta Wise J..hn, laUorei, IIG Cross Wimer Francis, machinist. Do Ratjotg VVlbE L. E. &, BRO. whole>ale & retail Winier Francis, cabuiei mak. 12 Alaiuen la I clothiets ana ineichanl tailors, Irtl s Winter Fredeiick, bnlcher, IJ-t Harlurd av VV inter i-'redenck, sn.ieiaaiv. 125 s Exeter VVinicr Florence, shoemak. ti n Greene Winter Henry, comminston meictiani, 62 Buchanan's whart, dw 24l> n Howard Winter Henry, cap maker, 578 w Baltimore Winter Henry, blacksmith, tiOlJ Light Winter Jacoo, tavern, S'J Haiiip.Ntead Winter Joint, machinist, 3^)1 Saratoga Winter John, lamplighter, 151 Gough Winter John, paver, 1 Dewberry al Winter John, tailor, 75 s Re?4ester Winter Martin, baker, cor. Elliott and Pa- lauxeni. Canton Waiter Feier, laborer, 207 s Bond Winter Philip, I'oreman snoe store, 316 Franklin Winter Samuel, carpenter, 182 Hamburg, dw 234 Hanover Winter Wm. P. carpeniei, 217 Hanover Winter Win. baker, 2 ii Regester Wintei bottom Caroline, teacher, 14 s Bond VVinterbotiom Hairison, shoemaker, 142 Columbia Wiiuerbottom Margaret, 14 s Bond Wiiuernigiu Henry, iiiarole cut. 61 n Gay, dw .)o 11 High Wuueinigiu John, stone cutler, 186 n Eden Winterniiz Cbailes, dealer in old iron, 26 i^ennsylvaiiia av Winters John, porter, 52 Henrietta W inters Louts, dl4 Saratoga Winters Robert, manner, 109 s Ann Winters Saiah, tailoress, :i04 s Uurham Winsterstine George, cooper, 182 s Ccn- lial av Winikle Ellen, boarding house, 552 w Lom- bard Wireman Jacob, stonecutter, 62 Uuren VVirt Mis. Conrad, rag aealer, 128 Sarah Ann Wii th Frederick, shoemaker, liiO w Fayette VViiih George, grocery, 'Jj nl''remout VVIRI'H John a. dry goods dealer,J33 Le.viiigtoii "^ Wii th M. siioemaker, 121 Vine VVuin Peter F. tailor, 233 Lexington WicisMicii'l, carver anu ginlei, 1»2 Dover VV/^ise Anilrew, tailor, 8 n Exeter Wise Andrew, uutcher, 6 Williamson VN^ise Charles, rigger, 2j7 Auceanua Wise Edward M. booivkeep. 168 n Howard Wise Mrs. Elizabeth, 37 Bank Wise 1^'rederick, butcuer, 118 w Pialt Wise I'erilinaiul, piano niak. i;28anarp Wise George, cleik, 12 Wat.son Wi.-.e Geoige, groceiy, 181* s Bond Wise George L). surveyor, 46 McCuUoh Wise Henry, (L. E. VV. 113 Albemarle Witheistein John H.boot filler, 169 Stilling Wiinington 6t Eastman, c iinmission mei- chants, 62 Buchanan's wnarl' Witley I'r.incis, cap maker, 73 e Lombard Will Francis, saddler, 17 w Buldle Wittaner Geo. labcjrer, 675 Peiina. av Wilte Haiinan, cigar mak. H Water VVitle iVlichael, laborer, 55 Bank Wittbeck Jas. 11. machinist, 41 1 w Lombard vViiiekind Jolin, grocer, cor. Poppleion ami Raborg VViitekindi Henry, baker, 170 Lee VViitcr Andrew, sawyer, 2^ Biddle al Winers Ca[)t. Jaine^, 41 Holland Witters William, painter and grainer, 146 Raborg 426 WIT JOHN W. WOODS WOO Witierstien Charles, black.^mith, 51 Ensor Wiuicli Charles J. baker, 42 ,s Central av Willich Casper, tailur, 1U9 McEkierry Wiitich Henry, mustard and vinegar nian- ufaciLirer, ;^1 e Fayette Wiliig Catharine, 123 Hollins Wiitig Frederick, cabinet maker, 45 n Cen- tral av Wiuler Robert C. porter, 17 Abbey al Wiitman Adam. labr. 317 n Central av Wittman Win. W. clerk, 90 Barre Witts ' (enry, shweinakei , 9 Siiiiing Wiiz Chri.vl. tailor, 209 Eastern av Witz Daniel, shoemalv. 201 e Baltimore Wiiz Henry, laborer, 58 Johnson Witz John, rhoeniaker, 05 n Spring Wiiz Mrs. Margaret, 317 n Gay Witzburger Samuel, clothier, 1-17 Franklin Wiizgall John, weaver, 70 s Regesler Wrvei George, carpenter, 363 n Howard, (iw 73 w Biddle Wix Henry, coach maker, 143 n E len Wode Wm. shoemaker, i)2 China al Wodzkey Emanuel, cleik, 122 William Wodzkey George, clerk, 122 William Woehler Henry, cabinet maker, 87 Dover Woe tmann F. watchmaker, 1 Mercer Wokelin Francis, stone cutter, 24 Holland Wolby Henry H. liquor and com. meich. 94 Light-st. whf., dw 334 w Fayette Woldec John, porter, 308 s Sharp Wolf Adam, 333 Lexington Wolf August, blacksmith, 185 Peirce Wolf Augustus, ccoper, 55 n Eden Wolf Andrew, cooper, 43 Slemmer al Wolf Anton, varniNher, 111 Saratoga Wolf Alonzo, butcher, 174 n Exeter Wolf Bernard, piano maker, 70 ChatNWorth Wolf & Bergman, wholesale and retail clothiers, 244 w Pratt Wolf Chas. A. S. watchmaker and jeweler, 257 w Baltimore, dvv 149 w Lombard Wolf Charles, carpenter, 119 Ross Wolt Christian, confect. 154 e Lombard Wolf Conrad, clerk, 178 w Madison Wolf Conrad, salesman, 158 Franklin Wolf E. A., glas^ cutter, 30 Park WOLF EDMUND, grocer and commis merchant, 19 Commerce, dw 174Chesnut Wolf E/erhart, confect. 201 s Broadway Wolf Frederick, butcher, 11 s Bethel Wolf Geo. W., baker and confectioner, 164 s Broadway Wolf Geo. glass flattener, Henry Wolf George, moulder, 150 Barre Vv elf Guileib, laborer, 50 Carpenter al Wolf Henry, laborer, Henry Wolf Henrv, shoemaker, 30 Scott Wulf Henry, laborer, 133 Washington Wolf H. C. paver, 296 Franklin Wolf Jacob, 57 McCulloh Wolf John, baker, 272 s Bond Wolf John, cooper, 91 Washington Wolf John H. conductor P., W. & B. R. R. Woll John, butcher, Point Lane near Greenmount Cemetery Wolf John Geo. confectioner, 112 Franklin Wolf John, clerk, 112 Franklin Wolf Joseph, butcher, 229 s Bond Wolf Joseph, ink maker, 37 Jefferson Wolf Joseph, butcher, Division near McMechin Wolf John, baker, 75 McEkierry Wolf Katz, rag dealer, 69 s Bethel Wolf Lewis, blacksmith, 99 n Paca Wolf Lorenzo, tailor, 24 Regester Wolf Marcus, 176 Harford av Wolt Moses, (W.&Beigman,) 244 w Pratt Wolf Moses, (W.&Beigman,) 244 w Pratt Wolf Joseph, machinist, 82 n Paca Wolf Samuel, millinery dealer, 73 w Balii Moses, dw Frederick near Fayette Wolf Samuel M. tailor, 45 Ross Wolf Dr. Simon, Eutaw near Lee Wolf Thomas, laborer, 106 Stirling Wolf Thomas M. clerk, 338 Lexington Wolf Wm. H. tinner, 128 s Central av Wolf Wm. H. box maker, 3 Holiday Wolf Wm. S & Son, millinery store, 233 Wolfangle August, tailor, 223 Mulberry Wolfe Charles O. tailor, 398 Saratoga Wolfe George H. clerk Union Bank, dw 338 Leckington Wolfe William S. merchant tailor, 334 w Baltimore, dw Shaw's hotel Wulfenden James, stone mason, 350 w Lombard Wollersberger J. P. bookkeeper, dw Man- sion House Wollersberger J. P. bookkeeper, dw Man- sion House Wollersberger Israel, grocery, 117 William Wollford John 11. oyster dealer, 13 Eastern av Wollersberger Thomas, mariner, Hamburg below William Wolfram Benedict, grocer, 146 Gough Wollerman Caspar, blacksmith, 175 s Eden Wolfram Caspar, blacksmith, 175 s Eden Wolfram Caspar, blacksmith, 212 Vine Wollenberg John, tailor, 270 William Wollenberg Jacob, brewer, 88 n Paca Wollenberg John, engineer, 503 Saratoga Wollring Christ, Shoemaker, 189 E Madison Wollring John, laborer, 189 E Madison Wolper Benjamin F. block and pump maker. 307 Lombard Wolter John M. grocery, 17 Chesnut St. Wolton John, carpenter 75 Hamburg Wolz Geo. carpet weaver, 531 W. Lombard Woinbie Dr. Pembrook M. 203 W. Lombard Wonder Francis, tailor, rear 73 Hanover Wonder John, milk dealer, Point Lane near Greenmount Wonder Louis, machinist, 95 Mount Wonderly Geo. L. coach trimmer, 29 Rose Wonderly Jacob, harness maker, 29 Rose Wonderly Joseph, painter, 29 Rose Wonderly Mary A. china and glassware house, 53 South, dw 38 n Calvert Wonderly Wm. S. china, glass and queens-ware dealer, 116 n. Gay Wonderly Wm. harness maker, 29 Rose Wood Enoch & Co. importers of liquors, 69 Exchange Place Wood Enoch, (H.W. & Co.) Dolphin bet Garden and Eulaw Woul Geo. H. Linneiaaker, 511 W. Baltimore Wood James H. (Nicholas L. W. & Son,) Lee, John G. prop, agent, 416 w Fayette Wood, John F. chairmaker, 11 s Charles, dv n w cor Lee and Charles Wood, John T. clerk, 314 w Fayette Wood, Joseph, huckster, 15 Jasper Wood, Joshua R. wheelwright, 4y a Liberty Wood, Joshua R. wheelwright, 4y a Liberty Wood, Martha, seamstress, 70 u Ann Wood, Matilda, 117 w Biddle Wood, Nicholas, clerk, 04 German Wood, Nicholas L. & Son, dealers in hermetically sealed fruits and meats, 170 Light-st whf. dw N. L. W. 30 s Greene Wood, Oliver, of custom house, 335 e Pratt Wood, Philip G. laborer, 090 w Pratt Wood, Richard, laborer, 17 Walker Wood, Samuel, of James, commission merchant, 154 w Pratt, dv 52 Warren Wood, Thomas, block and pump maker, 143 McElderry's wharf, dw 70 Gough Wood, Thomas, 358 Eastern av Wood, Thomas W, artist, s w cor Charles and Fayette, dw 70 Saratoga Wood, Thomas II, carpenter, 355 Light Wood. Wm. laborer, 404 West Wood Wm. A. cooper, 100 u Front Wood Wm. U. grocer, 101 s Charles Wood Wm. IL commission merchant, 102 Light-st wharf, dw 9G B;irrc -^ AVoodall Wm. Hook keeper, 334 w Lombard Woodall Freeman B. carp. 155 Hollins AVoodall Henry, seaman, 198 Conway Woodall James, shoemaker, 141 Raborg Woodall John T. engineer, 6 McHeury Woodall John. 118 Conway Woodall Walker & Co) 320 w Pratt Wooden Ann Maria, grocery, 273 s Charles Wooden Louis, grocery, 108 Henrietta Wooden John, cooper, 44 Somerset Wooden Mordecai, carpenter, 354 n Eutaw Wooden Sarah A. seamstress, 29 Barnes Wooden Stephen, engineer, 19 w Biddle Wooden Thomas, cooper, 312 Forrest Wooden Wm. Policeman, 142 Harford av Wooders Josiah, carpenter, 58 n Sjiring Woodland John B, 221 e Baliitnore Woodfield John T, huckster, 3 Monmouth's court Woodland Thomas, watchman, 70 York Woodman John, (proprietor agent, 49 Conway WOODROFFE GEORGE instrument case maker, 34 Park Woodrow Jer. trader, 343 c Monument Woods A. Q, (Buckler & Shipley,) 164 s Charles Woods Alexander P. (W., Bridges & Co,) 167 Garden Woods, Bridges & Co. wholesale grocers and commission merchants. 0 and 8 Commerce Woods Charles, carpenter, 24 St, Mary Wood. Charles L. brickmaker, s extremity of Sharp, dw 280 Woods Daniel C. (Hyland & W.) 167 Garden Woods Edward, shoemaker, cor Lombard and Amity Woods Edward, distiller, 37 Barnard Woods Francis, property agent, 47 Abbot Woods G. Davidge, (Thomsen, W. & Block,) 82 Mulberry Woods George, grocery and feed store, 330 n Howard Woods Hiram, jr, (Egerton, Dougherty, W. Co.) 24,'i w Madison Woods Hiram, sen, 167 Garden Woods John D. plasterer, 210 w Biddle Woods John P, tumor, 164 Orleans Woods John D, blacksmith, 153 s Wolfe WOODS JOHN W. book and job printer, and publisher of Baltimore Directory, over 202 w Baltimore, dw 3h n Cliver Woods John, carpenter, 307 Penna, av Woods Joshua, shoemaker, 185 Orleans Woods Joshua, brick maker, 118 West Woods Margaret, 78 n Exeter Woods Matilda, plain sewer, 31 Carpenter al Woods Michael, 0-42 w Pratt Woods Michael, carter, 107 Central av Woods Peter, laborer, 38 Somerset Woods Patrick, grocer, 451 Saratoga Woods William, stone cutter, Fremont near Lee Woods Samuel, laborer, 176 Burgundy al Woods Thomas, laborer, 43 e Monument Woods Win. 82 Mulberry Woods Win. cooper, 100 n Front Woods Win. carpenter, shoj) cor Chatsworth and Josephine, dw. Lexington near Gilmor Woodside, E. L., clerk, 36 Conway Woodside, J. S., 30 Conway, Woodside, J. S., 30 Conway, Woodside, J. S., 30 Conway, Woodside, Dr. Wm. S., 30 Conway, Woodville, M. L., (W. W. & Son,) 113 Conway, Woodville, M. L., (W. W. & Son,) 113 Conway, Woodside, Wm. & Son, stock brokers, 6 South, dw. W. W., sen., 113 Conway, Woodward, Ann., 107 Hollins, Woodward, (Chairs,) sboemakor, 1 Ti! K:\^i. David A. artist, over 49, w. Woodward, W. J. 104, Eden, Woodward, Edward, gun maker, 41, w. Pratt, Woodward, Francis, carpenter, 104, n. Eden, Woodward, Geo. E. carp, 75, n. Poppleton, Woodward, Geo. E. engraver, 194, n. Caroline, Woodward, Geo. P. 115, e. Monument, Woodward, John F. weigher, N. C. Railway, 48, e. Eager, Woodward, shoemaker, 19 George Woodward Wm. jr. (Carey, Howe & Co.) Baltimore Woodward Wm. (W., Baldwin & Co.) 189 Fayette Woodward Wm. printer, 81 n High Woodward Wm. 107 Hollins Woodworth Frederick, secretary Baltimore Fire Insurance Co. 171 Mulberry Woodyear Mrs. Elizabeth, 43 Lexington Woodyear Thos. Y. 143 Lexington Woodyear Wm. E. miller and merchant, 3 Cable, dw 43 Lexington Woodyear Wm. 7 and 8 Carroll hall Woolen Elizabeth, tailor, 6 L. Broadway Woolen Leonard, deputy sheriff, 335 Saratoga Woolinger Michael, laborer, 84 Ann Woollen George, bookkeeper, 36 n Exeter Woollen J. W. painter, 38 Rock Woollen Thomas, oak cooper, 31 and Commerce, dw Pratt near Chester Woolsey Wra. V. gas fitter, 91 n Calvert Woolston S. S. (W. Whitelock & Co.) Franklin Wooters Wm. H. huckster, 92 William Wopman John, carter, 91 Aliceanna Worcester Geo. P. chief engineer city water works, office City hall, dw Barnum's hotel Worcester, Samuel, surveyor, 17 Courtland Worcester Rev. Samuel II. 22 s Broadway Wordell John R. 06 e Fayette Wordell Samuel, 66 e Fayette Worden Wm. watchman, 266 n Eutaw Work Clem. V. bricklayer, 162 S. Greene Work Geo. policeman, Bond's of Monument Workington Wm. 183 in Fremont Workman Danl. carpenter, 447 Lexington Workman John, shipping and commission merchant, cor Gay and Lombard, dw 343 Baltimore Workman Rebecca, 229 n Central av Workman Wm. McKee, printer, 118 Paca Worlein John, shoemaker, 60 China al WORLEY ADAM, stove and tin dealer, 30 Light, dw 72 German Worley Alex, carpenter, 36 n Greene Worley Alexander, carpenter, 350 w Balto. Worley John, 350 w Lombard Worley Joseph D. saddle, harness and trunk manuf. 334 w Baltimore, dw 183 Lee Worley Mrs. Mary A. 157 n High Worley Wm. N. bookkeeper, 350 w Lombard Worley Abraham, clothier, 12 Centre Market space Worrell Joseph T. tobacconist, 113 e Pratt Worsham John E. mariner, 167 s Wolfe Worthington John E. tailor, 414 s Charles WORTHINGTON CHARLES, agent Washington, Alexandria and Georgetown Packet Co. foot of Commerce, dw 27 Hamilton Worthington Elizabeth W. 143 s Sharp Worthington James pilot, 117 s Bond Worthington John, bricklayer, 7 s Bethel Worthington Mary A. Anthony Worthington Nicholas B. (Sands & W.) 596 w Fayette Wortman Charles, 61 Warren Worton Robt. match maker, 68 n Central av Wortz George, drayman, 282 s Sharp Woutisseth E. tailor, 128 Ross Woxmood August, shoemaker, 45 Guilford al Wraneck Joseph, tailor, 6 McElderry Wrennck Wensel, tailor, 6 McElderry Wren Ann, carpenter, 4 President Wren Ann, 198 Stirling Wren Bernard R. printer, 9 Barnet Wren George, shoemaker, 198 Stirling Wright Almon, stone cutter, 415 W Pratt WRIGHT & BUCK, millers, cor. Commerce and Cable Wright Charles, shoemaker, 160 n High Wright Charles, shoemaker, 510 Lexington Wright Charles W. bricklayer, 85 n Exeter Wright Daniel, carpenter, 20 McElderry Wright David, seaman, Canton av. near Cannon, Canton Wright Mrs. Edward, 16 Hill Wright Edward M. shoemaker, 224 Saratoga Wright Eliza T. 154 n Eden Wright Elizabeth, ladies' and children's shoe store, 2 w Baltimore Wright Fritz, glass blower, 162 Montgomery Wright George, ship carpt. 77 s High Wright George, plane maker, 62 Carpenter av Wright Godfrey, shoemaker, 70 Harrison Wright Grace R. 173 Canton av Wright James, carpt. s e cor Hoffman and Walsh Wright Rev. James, city missionary, 233 Harford av Wright James, flour and feed dealer, 107 Hillen Wright James L. shoemaker, 116 Chew Wright James R. bricklayer, 233 Harford av WRI BALTIMORE DIRECTORY. WYS 429 Wright James P. shoemaker, 223 Caroline WRIGHT JAMES P. shoemaker, 223 Caroline WRIGHT JOEL, hookhinder, over 164 w Baltimore, dw 311 w Lombard Wright Johanna, Garrison la near Western Cemetery Wright John, collar maker, 50 Pine Wright John, wagon maker, Frederick road near Monroe Wright John N. printer, 105 L. Greene Wright John S. miller and merchant, Second, 3d door w of Gay, dw 145 Washington place Wright John W. Second, 3rd door of Gay, dw 112 Park Wright Robert T. coach painter, 131 E. Pratt Wright Robinson, shoemaker, 208 S. Broadway Wright Solomon C. lieutenant night police, Central station Wright Sylvester H. shoemaker, 253 E. Fayette Wright Thomas, shoemaker, 34 Orchard Wright Thomas, bricklayer, Haubert, Locust point Wright Thos. mariner, 2 Hamburg Wright Trustum, engineer, 123 Washington Wright Wm. blacksmith, Haubert, Locust point Wright Wm. P. china dealer, 41 Eutaw Wright Wm. P. china dealer, 182 Eutaw Wright Wm. H. D. C. 109 Eutaw Wright Wm. H. carpenter, 110 Chew Wright Wm. P. importer and dealer in china and glass, 41 Eutaw Wright Wm. H. carpenter, 110 Chew Wright Wm. carpenter, 9 Chatsworth Wright Wm. O. ship carpenter, 9 Montgomery Wright Wm. 0. ship carpenter, 210 Montgomery Wright Charles, cabinet maker, 67 Orleans Wrightson Thos. S. ship carpenter, 145 s Washington Wrixon Robert, jriuter, 146 Millen Wrixon Robert, jriuter, 146 Millen Wroten Benjamin F. painter, Washington near Baltimore Wroten David, house carpenter, Washington between Wilk and Bank Wroten 85 w Baltimore Wrueth Wm. G. (W. & Fullerton, 10 1 St Paul Wrueth Geo. tinner, 277 Hanover Wunch John, piano maker, 254 s Sharp Wunch Soffora. S. soldier, 70 "Washington Winder George, tailor, 94 Biddle al Wunder John, tailor, 1857 Wunder George, tailor, 3 n Central av Wunach Chas. piano maker, 17.J Lemmon al Wurach F. L. tobacconist, 437 vv Pratt Wurach Valentine, cabinet maker, 26 Jasper Wurst Martin, grocery, 132 s Greene Wurzberger Ansel, clothier, 16!) Franklin Wurzburger Simon, clothier, 36 w Pratt, dw 34 Wusi Gotleib, shoemaker, 69 Perry Wust John, butcher, 88 Pine Wustland Henry, tailor, 310 s Bond Watz G. G. shoemaker, 70 n Dallas Wyait Charles H. attorney, 2 Counsellor's Hall, dw 83 Saratoga Wyatt Jos. timber sawyer, 170 e Lombard Wyatt Jos. sailmaker, 17 Henrietta Wyatt Lemuel, engineer, 87 Mollikin Wyatt Rev. Thomas J. 83 Saratoga Wyatt Rev Dr. Wm. E. Saratoga Wyatt Wm, mariner, 44 Thames Wyatt Daviil, bell hanger, 33 n Spring Wyatt Geo. cigar maker, 28 May Wyatt John, shoemaker, 200 Conway Wyatt Saml. blacksmith, 33 n Spring Wyeth Charles, 49 n Charles Wyatt John, piano maker, 219 Lexington Wyatt Justus, tailor, 336 s Charles Wyatt John, 134 George Wyatt James H. (S. F. & J. H. W.) 399 Saratoga Wyatt Samuel F. & James H. dyers, 142 Lexington Wyatt Wm. 380 Saratoga Wyatt Win. J. bookkeeper, 134 George Wyatt John, 312 Aliccanna WYMAN, BYRD & CO. domestic dry goods, merchants, 11 Hanover Wyatt Eman'l. watchman Custom house, 176 Aliceanna Wyatt John H. (W., Byrd & Co.) 66 w Madison Wyatt Marks, engineer. Falls road near Northern av Wyatt Samuel G. (Wyatt, B. & Co.) 66 w Madison Wyatt Marks, engineer. Falls road near Northern av Wyatt Samuel G. (Wyatt, B. & Co.) 66 w Madison Wynders James, coach trimmer, 69 North Wyne George M. machinist, 75 Grundy Wynn Chri.s. clock and watch maker, 22 R. Pratt Wvnn James, gilder, 60 Aisjiiiih Wynn John, grocery, 60 Aisjiiiih Wynn J. Robert, watchmaker and jeweler, 282 W. Baltimore, dw 12 S. Paca Wvsham Henty C. attorney at law, 80 W. Fayette, dw 12 S. Paca Wvsham Henty C. attorney at law, 80 W. Lombard Yn!?(»r Henry, plumber, 41 St. Mary Yakes Jackson, 15 S. Washington Yn!?(»r Henry, 258 Aisquiih Yater John, bookkeeper, 258 Aisquith Yales John R. shoemaker, 81 Warner YATES JOSEPH C. & CO. shipping and commission merchants, 15 Exchange building Yates Theodore, puddler, 197 s Bethel Yeager Antoine, cooper, 153 s Eilen Yeager Casper, cooper, 425 w Pratt Yeager Conrad, cooper, 72 Stiles Yeager Frederick, tailor, 511 w Pratt Yeager Frederick, cooper, 240 s Paca Yeager John, cooper, 260 Canton av Yeager John, jr. tailor, 78 Granby Yeager John, jr. tailor, 21 s Central av Yeager John, jr. carver, 5 e Fayette Yeager John, jr. tailor, 254 e Eager Yeager Samuel, cooper, 72 Stiles Yeager Anthony, tanner, 58 Raborg Yearley Alexander & Son, property agents, 15 St. Paul Yearley Elizabeth, 107 s Bond Yearley John W. sailmaker, 102 e Madison Yearley John Summerfield, tobacconist, 22 Yearley Thos. C. (Alex. Y. & Son, 277 Lexington Yearley Wm. H. tobacconist, 22 E. Pratt Yeates George W. clerk, 201 Aisquith Yeates Dr. Henry P. P. 117 E. Exeter Yeates Dr. John L. 58 E. Front Yeath George, poller, 45 Fawn Yeatman John W. saddler, 28 Light, dw 19 E. Exeter Yeasley Jacob, house carpenter, 89 Bank, dw 328 E. Pratt Yeiland Wm. clerk, 29 E. Paca Yellinan John G. porter, 21 Marion Yellinan John G. porter, 21 Marion Yellinan Henry, moulder, 206 Columbia Yeth Henry, moulder, 206 Columbia Yeth George A. wheelwright, 51 E. Central av Yerkes David A. janitor Front st. theatre, dw as Maiden lane Yerkes Susan, 100 McElderry Yerscheid John, lottery office, 56 Eastern av Yewell Elizabeth, 2 Sitting Yewell John, shipsmith, 188 Light and foot of Cross, dw 176 Montgomery Yewell clerk, 144 Pine Yoast, Wm. H. carpenter, 4 Josephine Yockle, Geo. N. shoemaker, 66 n Fremont Yue, Benj. R. (Green & Y.) 99 Conway Yoe, Benj. F. attorney, 57 w Piatt, dw 99 Conway Yoe, Henry, laborer, 23 Concord Yoe, John, laborer, 29 Jordan al Yoe, John, laborer, 803 w Pratt Yocke, G. shoemaker, 1.33 n Eutaw Yong, Wm. sailor, Cambridge, Canton York, Benj. shoemaker, n e cor Franklin and Pine York, Francis A. huckster, 39 s Bond York, Wm. huckster, 26 Chesnut Yost, Frederick, piano maker, 102 Preston Yost, Henry, tailor, 99 Peirce Yost, John, blind maker, 84 Pine Yost, Frederick, shotmaker, 144 Preston Yoster, James, carpenter, 7 Abbey al Yost, Conrad, blacksmith, 19 New Yost, John P. 102 n Eden Young, Christian, carpenter, 6 n Spring Young, A. L. Hanson, printer, 28 w Baltimore Young Anna M. 228 w Lombard Young Antonia, provision store, 87 n Fremont Young & Carson, wholesale grocers, 77 Exchange place Young Catharine, tavern, 15 Fell Young Charles, turner and sawyer, 242 s Caroline, dw 235 s Dallas Young Charles P. tailor, 25 s Eutaw Young Chas. L. furnace builder, 09 n Eden Young Chas. 87 Bethel Young Christian G. ZEP 431 Young John, blacksmith, Jew al near Lex- iiiijion Yduiig Jolin, cabinei mnkcr, 2-JO e Lombard Yi'Uiiy Juhn, carpeiilt-T, J:V2 c Pratt Ytuing Juhn H. T. rnacliiiiisi, 70 ii Eden Yuiuig John, carter, 02 s Ite^esier Young J.ihn, clerk, 3-2 n Liberty Young John, 138 Mulberry YoUDg John, milkman, 7U s Eutaw Young John, policeman, 3-21 Saiatoga Younij John, l>tiker, 3tj"2 e Eager Young John, laborer, 3()"2 e Eager Young John C. shoemaUer, S Carlton Young John 14. policeman, "22 n Schroeiler Young Capi. Jo>hua, 27 s Ann Young Ju.-hua T. clerk, 273 e Baltimore Young Joshua T. bookkeeper, s e cor Balti- more and Bethel Young Joiihua A. ship joiner. West Falls av end, dw 20t) e Baliimore Young Martin, carpenter, -J'JO Frankhn Yuuiig Alaria, b2 Aisquiih Young Mary, "221 n Bond Young Maihias, tailor, 115 Albemarle Young Mi.hael, rabmer, 231 s Dallas Young M. A. 110 Pearl Young Men's Christian Association Rooms, Bible house, 75 w Fayette Young Peter F. lumber man, 70 n Eden Young Rebecca, diy goods dealer, 78 Lex- ington Young Robert, grocer, cor Fremont and Montgomery Young Sarah, French artiticial flowers deal- er, 235 w Baltimore Young Snowden, moulder, Paikin nr Pratt Young Susan, baker, 772 w Baliimore Yt)ung Thomas J. printer, a w cor Bond and Jelterson Young Thus. (Luckett &. Y.) 33 Lexington Young Wm. J. mate, HI Regesier Young Win. T. V. (Y. & Carson) 309 w Fayette Young Wm. G. tinner, 18 Hill Young Wm. policeman, Dorsey's hotel Young Wm. laborer, l'20 Hollins Young Wm. J. pamier, 122 Jelieison Young Wm. carpenter, oti ii Bond Young Wm. H. baggage master B. & O. 11. R. dw 180 Conway Young Win. laborer, 13 Shakspeare Young Wm. laborer, 573 w Lombard Young Wm. H. attorney, 03 w Fayette, dw Aisquith Young Win. H. collector, 9!> n Eden Young Wm. D. huckster, Townsend near Division Young Daniel, clerk, 35 Aisquith Young George, butcher. Garrison lane near Western Cemetery Young Richd. bricklayer, 310 w Lombard Young Chas. gas filter, 285 s Charles Youngman John, plough mak. 7 Joppa row Youngman John R. stioeiniiker, 55 Preston Youngs John B. 170 e Monument Young Catharine, Chapel Young Christian, cooper, 59 Portland Young Henry, provision store, 190 Sharp Young John, blacksmith, 3-J Guillard al Y'lust Stephen, 190 Sharp Youth Misses, 251 Mulberry Young John, laborer, 58 China al Zachowski John, baker, cor Lexington and Poppleton Zachowski Wm. 92 e Fayelte Zag Christopher, Lalir. Booth nr Schroder Zahn Wm. tailor, over 27 w Pratt Zahnen Augu.-'t, tailor, 78 Centre Market sp Zahnen Fiancis, blacksmith, 1 10 Harford Zamitz Charles, tailor, 57 Pine Zane Orlolh A. 2-*2 Madison av Zane Peter, oak cooper, 37 Commerce, and scow office 15 w Piatt, dw 120 s Eden Zanenoviich Luke, confectionery stand, s w coi Charles and Baltimore Zang George, tailor, 273 e Eager Zapf John, tailor, 21 e Fayelte Zapf John, tailor, Ki Regester Zapf Emil, porter, 107 Aisquith Zapp Francis, nightman, 102 West ZaMrow Frederick, (Gaule & Z.) 252 Eastern av Zeafla Peter, tailor, 149 e Pratt Zears Win. shoemaker, 57 Bank Zech John, cooper, 212 s Bond Zeeisler John, cooper, Warner near West Zegoneitz Valentine, 149 Castle al Zeh Dr. Martin Zehner Chas. Shiemaker, HI n Central av Zeigenheim John, laborer, 39 e Monument Zeigler Barbary, 67 Conway Zeigler Daniel, clerk, 61 n Howard Zeigler F. K. (Fowler StZ.) 91 and 93 Charles Zeigler Frederick, butcher, 728 and 730 Penna av Zeigler George, 12 Davis Zeigler John H. butcher, 728 and 730 Penna av Zeigler John, cooper, 168 s Central av Zeigler John, laborer, 85 Bank Zeigler Jos. blacksmith, 499 Saratoga Zeiler John, carpenter, 35 St. Mary Zeilter Christian, paver, 350 e Eager Zeimer Fred. laborer, 418 Canton av Zeis Joseph, laborer, 230 s Bond Zeil Bernard A. cabinet maker, 292 n Howard Zell Chas. E. loitery office, 423 w Baltimore Zeil Christian, painter, 312 Franklin Zeil Henry, painter, Chesnut al near Bruch Zeil Jacob, butcher. 212 W Fayette Zimmerman Henry, porter National hotel, dw Henrietta near Warner Zimmerman Henry, Canton av. nr Gist Zimmerman Henry, lab. 143 n Central av Zimmerman John, shoe maker, 317 n Central av Zimmerman J. carp. Mosher near Walnut Zimmerman & Jenkins, boots, shoes and hats, over 277 W Baltimore Zimmerman Joshua, farmer and speculator, Franklintown, Baltimore Co. Zimmerman Lewis, paver, 307 s Charles Zimmerman Michael stone mason, rear 518 Fenna. av Zimmerman S. B. (Z. & Jenkins,) Gilmor house Zimmerman Wm. H, perfumery & bitters, establithment, 74 s Paca Zimmerman Wm. S. 62 s Sharp Zimmerman Wm. grocer, 14 New Zimmerman Wolfgang, cabinet maker, 106 Dallas Zimmerman Frederick, milkman. Canton av. Near Cannon Zimmers Fred. omnibus driver, 4 s Republican Zimmisch Charles, tailor, 5 Camden Zimmisch Frederick, ladies' shoemaker, 58 Camden Zimmisch Wm. piano maker, 55 Conway Zindel Lewis, tobacconist, 279 Eastern av Zink Geo. F. cap maker, 243 s Charles Zink Henry, shoemaker, 17 Low Zink John, laborer, 398 Canton av Zink Urban, stone cutter, 301 e Madison Zinkand Leopold, shoemaker, 158 Columbia ZINKAND JOSEPH, stevedore, 74 Bank Zinkand Aliciil. coachman, 196 Eastern av Zinkand Nicholas, carter, 19th Eastern av Zinkand Wm. tobacconist, 170 Aliceanna Zinkhans Adam, carriage maker, 763 W Baltimoie, dw 1 Dewberry al Zinkon John, 301 n Central av Zipp Plulip, currier, 354 e Eager Zoeller Valentine, Dricklayer, 15 China al Zoeilers Caroline, 210 s Eutaw Zolcinsky Albert, laney store, 58s Eutaw Zolcinsky Zolcinsky Albert, laney store, 58s Eutaw Zolcinsky Oll John, tailor, 7 s Kegester Zoller Jos. A. cabinet maker, 222 Hollins Zoller John, barber, 176 e Madison Zollicki'er H. F.(A.lathews & Z.) National hotel Zollinger George N. dry goods dealer, 100 s i roadway Zollinger George, tailor, 90 Harrison Zong Christophi, laborer, 193 Vine Zong Francis, mavhinisi, 133 Vine Zorbach Clas. tinner, 27 Bank Zorbach Catherine, grocery & liq. 27 Bank Zorn Mary, 133 n Exeter, Zoi uck Philip, baker, 163 Holliman Zosm George, cooper, 333 s Charles Zoulout Henry, snutlmk. 217 Montgomery Zuckschwerdt K.ennon,shcemk. 10 e Monument Zugeutelter Conrad, 87 e Lombard Zukei Christian, shoemak. 16 e Baltimore, dw 105 s High Zulaul Balthazar, tailor, 143 n Central av Zulaul Conrad, tailor, 143 n Central av Zulaul Henry, tailor, 230 Alfceanna Ztilmin John Cooper, 153 Eden Zuiliene Henry, tavern, 148 Eutaw Zwanzger John, beer brewer, 129 Camden Zwickel Fredk. ship carpentei, 62 Koss Zyler Michael, nail and spike manuf. 208 Wolfe Acwood M. A. washerwoman, 48 Camel al Adams Jacob, sailor, 378 Cross Adams James P. barber, 9 w Baltimore Adams Joseph, laborer, Cross al nr Greene Adams lienj. porter, 49 Pin al Adams Elizabeth, washerwoman, 64 Tyson Adams George W. shoemaker, 77 East, Adams H. waiter, Clover al near Richmond Adams James L. barber, 8 McElderry Adams John, 117 Carpenter's al Adams John, 118 Sarah Ann Adams John, porter, 69 Orchard Adams John, 191 Henrietta Adams Liddy, 19 Park Adams Nathan, laborer, 51 Burgundy Adams Oliver, blacksmith, 37 Barre, dw 35 Adams Robert, porter, 8 Chesnut al Adams Sarah, 64 Tyson Addison Joseph, shoemaker, 1 Sarah Ann African Methodist Church, Orchard nr Ross Airs Henrietta, cook, 7 Lerew's al Alcorn Perry, laborer, 61 Dover Aldridge Wm. T. laborer, 208 Dover Alexander John, whilewasher, 32 Carlton Alexander Wm. barber, Calhoun near Lexington Alice George, 66 s Dallas Allen Benj. Porter, 29 Raborg Allen Allen Edith A. washerwoman, 30 Perry Allen Enos, 92 Dover Allen Henry, waiter, 27 Sharp Allen Jeremiah, drayman, 13 Marion Allen Sarah, huckstress, 14 Jasper Allen Sarah, 95 Green Mount av Allen Stephen, laborer, 39 n Dallas Alsup Ann, 285 Cross Ambrose Alex. 251 Hughes Amby Eliza, 181 Bethel Amby Wm. J. sawyer, 141 Durham Anderson Abraham, laborer, alley on Montgomery east of Charles Anderson Adam, carter, 84 Stiles Anderson Charles, laborer, 393 Cross Anderson Charles, porter, 14 Biddle al Anderson Ellen, 121 Low Anderson Henry, wd sawyer, 17 Hampstead Anderson Hannah, 121 Chesnut Anderson Isaiah, lumber piler, 19 Chesnut Anderson James, barber, 42 Fayette Anderson John, laborer, 83 Stirling Anderson Mary, cook, 5 Hills al Anderson N. carter, 10 Elder al Anderson Peter, laborer, 7 Saratoga ct Anderson Rachel, 29 Forrest Anderson Richard, drayman, 69 Welcome al Anderson Stephen, laborer, 32 Edwards Anderson Susan, washerwoman, Arcade al near Eutaw Anderson Thomas, waiter, 96 Jasper Anderson Wm. H. laborer, 17 Hampstead Anthony Daniel, drayman, 7 Durham Anthony George, drayman, 51 East Anthony James, laborer, 4 Durham Anthony John, wagoner, 70 Bethel Armstrong Joseph, porter, 35 Dover Armstrong Albert, 4 Dallas Armstrong George, waiter, 20 State Armstrong Julian S. 74 Dallas Armstrong Wm. laborer, 76 Burgundy al Arse Kitty, 88 Chesnut al Ash Thomas, waiter, Josephine near Pine Ash Winson, soap boiler, 78 L. McElderry Ashton Hannah, 118 Dallas Ashton Lane, laborer, 3 Half Moon al Askins Henry, waiter, 8 Plum al Askins John, carter, 18 Forrest Askins Rosa, 95 s Spring Askins Thomas, scowman, 81 s Dallas Aikinson Abraham, brickmaker, 18 Wayne Atkinson Robert, laborer, 317 s Howard Augustus Abraham, sr. laborer, 50 Hampstead Augustus Abraham, jr. brickmaker, 124 n Dallas Augustus Abraham, jr. brickmaker, 124 n Dallas Augustus Daniel, oysterman, 55 Wayne Augustus Henry, waiter, 1 Pierce Augustus Isaac, 50 Hampstead Augustus Mary, servant, 80 Morris al Augustus Rebecca, washerwoman, 75 Dover Ayers Charles, laborer, 107 Elbow Lane Ayers Edward H. waiter, 12 Pierce Ayers Henrietta, 115 Low Ayers James H. porter, n Howard near Mulberry, Ayers Lewis, drayman, 172 York Ayers Wm. waiter, 12 Pierce Bacon Aquilla, brickmaker, 212 Dover Bacon Henrietta, 75 Dover Badger Elisha, drayman, 227 s Howard Badger Eliza, washerwoman, 80 L. McEldry Badger Francis, blacksmith, 197 Ensor Bailey Alfred, barkeeper, 104 North Bailey Anthony, porter, 42 L. McElderry Bailey Catherine Ann, washer, 93 Dover Bailey David G. drayman, 177 s Bethel Bailey Elizabeth, 7 Mechanics' ct Bailey Fillis, washerwoman, 1 Lerew's al Bailey Francis, laborer, 215 Hamburg Bailey Francis, steward Steamer Louisianna, dw 4 Chesnut Bailey Francis, steward Steamer Louisianna, dw 4 Chesnut Bailey Jane, 228 Hughes Bailey Jenkins, waiter, 118 Central av Bailey Jos. caulker, 146 s Heihel Bailey Levin, sailor, 87 s Spring Bailey Lucy, 84 Burgundy al Bailey Levi, laborer, 6 Durham Bailey Peter, 4 Chesnut Bailey Richard, whitewasher, 49 Park Bailey Samuel, caulker, 148 s Bethel Bailey Solomon, 12U Durham Bailey Sophia, washerwoman, 6 Wayne Bailey Wm. drayman, 208 Hughes Bailey Susanna, 8 Lloyd Baker Obediah, porter, 9 Commerce, dw Happy al Ballet George, stevedore, 21 Herring's ct Banks Jane, 58 Perry Banks John, carter, 4 s Eden Banks Robert, 210 s Durham Banks Ruth, washerwoman, Chesnut al near Union Banks Samuel, barber, 147 Low- Banks Wesley, laborer, 136 n Canal Bantum Benj. laborer, 22 Wayne Bantum Henry, fireman, 12 McElderry Bantum Sarah, 9 Chesnut Baptist Jesse, bricklayer. 232 Chesnut Barker Nathan, 152 Sarah Ann Barker Thomas, laborer, 46 L. Church Barley Wm waiter, 131 Park Barner Henry, sawyer, 91 s Spring Barnes Alex. 7 McElderry Barnes Catherine, washerwoman, 39 Hampstead Barnes David, porter, 94 Chesnut Barnes James, laborer, 31 Regester Barnes Robert, drayman, 96 n Spring Barnes Sophia, 205 Hughes Barnes Sophia, waiter, 25 s Sharp Barnes Wm. Caulker, 72 Castle al Barnet Mary, 53 Park Barnett Geo. 80 s Central av Barnett Jacob, drayman, 78 Central av Barnett John, cook on steamboat, dw 12 Caroline Barnett Joseph, porter, 35 Jefferson ct Barnett James, bricklayer, 283 Cross Barnett Mary, 7 Bounty la Barnett Stephen, sailor, 160 s Eutaw Barnett Thomas, 66 s Dallas Barney Elizabeth, 169 s Washington Barney William, oysterman. Leadenhall near Henrietta Barret James, 81 Somerset Barret Thomas, laborer, 13 Mechanics' ct Barrett Wm. W. drayman, 65 Orchard Barry Washington, 7 Lewis Barton David, laborer, 2 Dawson Jarlon Geo. 211 s Dallas Barton John W. wagoner, 82 L. McElderry Barton Nathaniel, laborer, 229 Dover Barton Nathaniel, whip sawyer, Castle al e 239 Dover Bean Franklin, Rose Becket A. M. washerwoman, 10 Tripolets' al Becket Charles, 41 s Caroline Becket Wm. waterman, 280 Montgomery Beehoe Asbury, drayman, 12 Tessier Bell Geo. drayman, Hamburg nr Leadenhall Bell Hanson, waiter, 45 State Bell John, Ellicott's Iron Works Bell John, brickmaker, 85 Jefferson Bell Maria, 13 Eutaw ct Bell Richard, porter, 309 s Eutaw Bell Solomon, wagoner, 40 East Belt Judy, 118 Hill Benhfeham Phoebe, 249 s Eutaw Bennet Charles, gardener, 119 Chesnut Bennett James, laborer, 16 Raborg Bennett Sarah, 123 Low Bennett Stephen, whitewasher, 13 Jefferson Benson Martha, 36 Jefferson Bentley Obediah, 54 Tyson Hentley Wm. sawyer, 4 McKim ct Benton Aaron, laborer, 46 Carpenter al Berry Abraham, porter, 11 Raborg Berry George, drayman, 158 East Berry Henry, waiter, 58 Chesnut Berry Jacob, wood sawyer, 189 Dover Berry Jane, Tyson al near Floward Berry John, huckster, 105 Chesnut Berry man John, caulker, 178 Bethel Berry man John, drayman, 35 L. Monument Bevan Perry, porter, 7 Tripolett's al Bias Susan, 45 Bethel Bias Thomas, 237 Orleans Biddle Geo. W. brickmaker, 235 Dover Biddle Thomas, brickmaker, 235 Dover Bird John, 105 Stirling Bird Nancy, 68 Calvert Bishop Jacob, waiter, 85 Park Bishop Jacob, waiter, 36 Pitchmond Bishop Jacob, waiter, 4 Elbow lane Bishop John, laborer, 4 Elbow lane Bishop Peter, 23 Herring et Bishop Wm. H. barber, 198 w Pratt, dw 19 Hamilt(m Bivins Littleton, varnishei-, 5 X al Black John, 4 State Blackston Augustus, porter, 27 State Blackston Henry, laborer, 128 Dallas Blackston Mary, Gravel al near Franklin Blackston Susan, 12 s Bethel Blackston Thomas, fireman, 48 Hampstead Blackston Wesley, waiter, 232 Chesnut Blake Charles, drayman, 16 Edward Blake Rev. Cato, 48 Rock Blake James, sawyer, 219 s Durham Blake Jolm, carter, 90 Stiles Blake John, laborer, 72 Welcome al Blake Julia, washerwoman, 64 Welcome al Blake Mary, 6 Spruce Blake Matilda, 2 n Dallas Blake Peter, bricklayer, 118 Welcome al Blake Susan, 3 Forrest Blake Thomas, carter, 196 s Dallas Blumien Alsey, 108 Welcome al Blunnen James, porter, 1U8 Welcome al Blunnen John, waiter, 110 Welcome al Boggs Wm. drayman, 119 Welcome al Bond Andrew, 43 Jefferson Bond Ellen, washerwoman, 116 Jasper Bond Elijah, oyster shucker, 62 Davis Bond Emory, barber, 81 Cider al Bond Emory, confectioner, Saratoga Buil- ding, dw 21 Hamilton BondFrancis, laborer, 12 Jordon al Bond Henry, laborer, 23 Moore al Bond Isabella, 9 s Stirling Bond John, sawyer, 107 s Durham Bond Jno. drayman, 24 Edward Bond Maria, 47 Moore al Bond Samuel, drayman, 49 Dover Bond Wm. L. porter, Mulberry nr Park Bond Wm. laborer, 1(1 Ivy al Bond Wm. drayman, 21 Union Boom Francis, laborer, 105 Welcome ul Boom John, porter, 98 St. Mary Boom Thomas, laborer, 61 L. Pleasant Boom Wm. barber, 98 East Boon Dennis, York nr Eutaw Boon Perry, 235 s Eutaw Boon Sampson, 27 Raborsj Boon Thomas, laborer, 14 State Boon Thomas, Cecil al near Montgomery Boose JaiTies, drayman, 197 Saratoga Boose Jolin, laborer, 81 Arch Booth Edward, sawyer, 40 Tyson Booth Edward, whitewasher, 70 Tyson Booth Wm. 73 Sarah Ann Bordley Danl. 5 Raborg Bordiey Hannah, 46 Vine Bordley Precilla, 67 L. Church Bordley Wm. laborer, 98 Orchard Bordley Wm. brickmaker, 85 Burgundy al Boston Abrani, 51 Park Boston Barbara, 6 X al Boston Daniel, caulker, 27 s Register Boston Harriet, 36 Moore al Boston Hester, 21 Tyson Boston John, carter, 73 Orchard Boston John, stevedore, 197 s Dallas Boston Peter, porter, 214 Hughes Boston Smith, laborer, 195 Sharp Boston Susan, 50 Sharp-st al Boston Thomas, laborer, 35 Moore al Boston Thomas, laborer, 40 East Houlden Washington, porter, 149 Low Bowdley Henry, 161 Hughes Bowdley Perry, 50 Orchard Bowen Charles, laborer, 190 Dover Bowen Charles, laborer, 37 State Bowen Ephriam, 43 s Dallas Bowen Elizabeth, washerwoman, 111 Sarah Ann Bowen Josiah, laborer, 218 Sarah Ann Bowen Richard, laborer, 106 Welcome al Bowen Wm. J. huckster, 77 Orchard Bowen Wm. waiter, 37 State Bower Thomas, waironer, 75 Orchard Bowers James, wood sawyer 162 s Eutaw Bowers Nathan, carter, 69 Arch Biwie Henry, waiter, 89 Park Bowie John, laborer, 23 Saratoga Bowie Margaret, 274 s Howard Bowie Solomon, porter, 247 s Charles Bowie Thomas, carter, 129 Perry Bowie Mary, 91 L. Church Bowly Gabriel, laborer, 273 Montgomery Bowser Benj. huckster, 48 East Bowser Bowly, 150 Tyson Powers Henry, laborer, 52 Tyson Bowser James, coachman, Richmond near Park Bowser Joseph, laborer, 61 Forrest Bowser Joseph, waiter, 6 Elbow lane Bowser Lydia, 28 Park Bowser Washington, carter, 130 Durham Bowser Wm. D., whitewasher, 41 Elbow la Bowyer Charles, barlier, 51 Ross Bowyer Emily, washer, 55 Ross Bowyer John, drayman, 51 Ross Bowyer Philip, porter, 34 Vine Boyd Henna, washerwoman, 115 Elbow la Boyer Henry, waiter, 14 Joy al Boyer John, Perry Bradford Isaiah, drayman, 19 State Bradley Samuel J. porter, 76 Chesnut al Bradley Isaac, oyster opener, 227 Dover Brandt Nicholas, 136 Cider al Brashears John, brickmaker, 320 Montgomery Braver Chas. 18 s Bethel Braxton Richard, laborer, 266 Raborg Bray Thomas M. barber, 8 St. Paul, dw 215 Chestnut Bray Wm. porter, 38 L. Monument Brewer Joseph, waiter, 36 Sharp-st al Brian Lewis, 55 s Dallas Brian Ruben, hackdriver, 78 Holliday Brian Thomas, 1 Durham Brice Ellen, washerwoman, 73 Welcome al Brice Jas. 3 Orbit al Brice Kenzy, waiter, 21 Hull's la Brice Wm. laborer, 170 York av Bridge John A. Brown Abraham, 14 Kimmel al Brown Alexander, laborer, 13 Leadenhall Brown Alexander, porter and drayman, 14 Commerce Brown Allen, 103 Sarah Ann Brown Anderson, hackman, 73 Dover Brown Anna J. 5 Bounty la Brown Baptist L. stevedore, 124 Bethel Brown Benjamin, laborer, 112 Orchard Brown Benj. mariner, 74 Jefferson Brown Benjamin, teacher, 282 s Howard Brown Claries, waiter, 60 Henrietta Brown Daniel, 2 Hagars ct Brown David, oysterman, 48 Jasper Brown David W. carter, 12 Raborg Brown Edward, coachman, 4 Pin al Brown Edwin, carter, 296 s Howard Brown Elizabeth, 68 Morris al Brown Elizabeth, washerwoman, 9 Carpentier al Brown Elizabeth, 104 Jasper Brown Ellen, 22 Edward Brown Fanny, 176 s Wolfe Brown Geo. furn. carman, 14 Chestnut al Brown Georgie, laborer, 245 s Eutaw Brown Henry, laborer, 113 Dallas Brown Henry, laborer, 153 D Durham Brown Henry, laborer, 47 Biddle al Brown Henry, laborer, 245 s Eutaw Brown Hezekiah, laborer, 71,.Cross Brown Horace, sailor, 31 Walnut Brown Isaac, laborer, 9 Hamilton Brown Jacob, carter, 180 York Brown James, waiter, 75 Welcome al Brown James, laborer, 44 L. Church Brown James, whitewasher, 1 Beaufort Brown James H. laborer, 11 Inloes al Brown John, brickmaker, 222 s Howard Brown John, coachman, 32 Dover Brown John, laborer, 171 York Brown Joseph, laborer, 328 Hamburg Brown Kinzey, lab. Butler nr Montgomery Brown Lewis, musician, 92 Sarah Ann Brown Maria, cook, 28 State Brown Maria, washerwoman, Kimmel al Brown Mary, washer, 39 Arch Brown Mary, washerwoman, 48 Carpenter al Brown Matilda, 283 Columbia Brown Moses, 213 Vine Brown Moses, huckster, 116 s Bethel Brown Nicholas, Foster nr Preston Brown Perry, drayman, 4 Boyd Brown Perry, steamboat hand, 37 Guilford al Brown Peter P. laborer, 237 s Eutaw Brown Philip, cook, 138 Stirling Brown Richard, 30 Liberty St Brown Ruth, washerwoman, 101 Dover Brown Samuel, porter, 108 Orchard Brown Samuel, waiter, 80 Park Brown Sarah A. washerwoman, 68 Chesnut Brown Sarah Ann, 104 Sarah Ann Brown Sarah, 1 Bounty la Brown Simon, waiter, 112 Gravel al Brown Stephen, 122 Durham Brown Stephen, brickmaker, 115 Dover Brown Susan, washerwoman, 58 Sarah Ann Brown Thomas, laborer, 125 Eden al Brown Thomas, wood sawyer, 207 a Wolfe Brown Thomas, wood sawyer, 207 a Wolfe Brown Thomas, wood sawyer, 207 a Wolfe Brown Thomas.
| 37,930 |
https://github.com/jadmin/fast-project-start/blob/master/template/project-demo/deploy.sh
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| null |
fast-project-start
|
jadmin
|
Shell
|
Code
| 7 | 20 |
mvn clean package deploy -Dmaven.test.skip=true -e -U
| 48,399 |
https://github.com/hmcts/div-case-orchestration-service/blob/master/src/test/java/uk/gov/hmcts/reform/divorce/orchestration/workflows/notification/SendDaGrantedNotificationWorkflowTest.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,023 |
div-case-orchestration-service
|
hmcts
|
Java
|
Code
| 396 | 3,386 |
package uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.workflows.notification;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InOrder;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
import uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.domain.model.Features;
import uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.domain.model.ccd.CaseDetails;
import uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.framework.workflow.task.TaskContext;
import uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.service.FeatureToggleService;
import uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.tasks.FetchPrintDocsFromDmStoreTask;
import uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.tasks.SendDaGrantedNotificationEmailTask;
import uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.tasks.bulk.printing.BulkPrinterTask;
import uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.tasks.bulk.printing.DaGrantedCitizenLetterGenerationTask;
import uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.tasks.bulk.printing.DaGrantedSolicitorLetterGenerationTask;
import java.util.Map;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.nullValue;
import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.isNotNull;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.TestConstants.AUTH_TOKEN;
import static uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.domain.model.OrchestrationConstants.CASE_TYPE_ID;
import static uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.domain.model.OrchestrationConstants.D8DOCUMENTS_GENERATED;
import static uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.domain.model.OrchestrationConstants.DECREE_ABSOLUTE_DOCUMENT_TYPE;
import static uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.domain.model.OrchestrationConstants.DECREE_ABSOLUTE_FILENAME;
import static uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.domain.model.OrchestrationConstants.DECREE_ABSOLUTE_GRANTED_CITIZEN_LETTER_DOCUMENT_TYPE;
import static uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.domain.model.OrchestrationConstants.DECREE_ABSOLUTE_GRANTED_SOLICITOR_LETTER_DOCUMENT_TYPE;
import static uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.domain.model.OrchestrationConstants.NO_VALUE;
import static uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.domain.model.OrchestrationConstants.RESP_IS_USING_DIGITAL_CHANNEL;
import static uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.domain.model.OrchestrationConstants.RESP_SOL_REPRESENTED;
import static uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.domain.model.OrchestrationConstants.YES_VALUE;
import static uk.gov.hmcts.reform.divorce.orchestration.testutil.CaseDataTestHelper.createCollectionMemberDocument;
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class SendDaGrantedNotificationWorkflowTest {
@Mock
private SendDaGrantedNotificationEmailTask sendDaGrantedNotificationEmailTask;
@Mock
private DaGrantedCitizenLetterGenerationTask daGrantedCitizenLetterGenerationTask;
@Mock
private DaGrantedSolicitorLetterGenerationTask daGrantedSolicitorLetterGenerationTask;
@Mock
private FetchPrintDocsFromDmStoreTask fetchPrintDocsFromDmStoreTask;
@Mock
private BulkPrinterTask bulkPrinterTask;
@Mock
private FeatureToggleService featureToggleService;
@InjectMocks
private SendDaGrantedNotificationWorkflow sendDaGrantedNotificationWorkflow;
@Test
public void runShouldCallSendDaGrantedNotificationEmailTaskWhenDigitalCommunication() throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> casePayload = buildCaseData(YES_VALUE);
when(sendDaGrantedNotificationEmailTask.execute(isNotNull(), eq(casePayload))).thenReturn(casePayload);
Map<String, Object> result = sendDaGrantedNotificationWorkflow.run(buildCaseDetails(casePayload), AUTH_TOKEN);
assertEquals(result, casePayload);
verify(sendDaGrantedNotificationEmailTask, times(1)).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(casePayload));
verify(daGrantedCitizenLetterGenerationTask, never()).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(casePayload));
verify(fetchPrintDocsFromDmStoreTask, never()).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(casePayload));
verify(bulkPrinterTask, never()).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(casePayload));
}
@Test
public void runShouldCallBulkPrintingForOfflineRespondent() throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> incomingCaseData = buildCaseData(NO_VALUE);
when(featureToggleService.isFeatureEnabled(Features.PAPER_UPDATE)).thenReturn(true);
when(daGrantedCitizenLetterGenerationTask.execute(isNotNull(), eq(incomingCaseData))).thenReturn(incomingCaseData);
when(fetchPrintDocsFromDmStoreTask.execute(isNotNull(), eq(incomingCaseData))).thenReturn(incomingCaseData);
when(bulkPrinterTask.execute(isNotNull(), eq(incomingCaseData))).thenReturn(incomingCaseData);
Map<String, Object> returnedCaseData = sendDaGrantedNotificationWorkflow.run(buildCaseDetails(incomingCaseData), AUTH_TOKEN);
assertEquals(incomingCaseData, returnedCaseData);
InOrder inOrder = inOrder(
daGrantedCitizenLetterGenerationTask,
fetchPrintDocsFromDmStoreTask,
bulkPrinterTask
);
inOrder.verify(daGrantedCitizenLetterGenerationTask).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(incomingCaseData));
inOrder.verify(fetchPrintDocsFromDmStoreTask).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(incomingCaseData));
inOrder.verify(bulkPrinterTask).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(incomingCaseData));
verify(sendDaGrantedNotificationEmailTask, never()).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(incomingCaseData));
}
@Test
public void runShouldCallBulkPrintingForOfflineRepresentedRespondent() throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> incomingCaseData = ImmutableMap.<String, Object>builder()
.putAll(buildCaseData(NO_VALUE))
.put(RESP_SOL_REPRESENTED, YES_VALUE)
.build();
when(featureToggleService.isFeatureEnabled(Features.PAPER_UPDATE)).thenReturn(true);
when(daGrantedSolicitorLetterGenerationTask.execute(isNotNull(), eq(incomingCaseData))).thenReturn(incomingCaseData);
when(fetchPrintDocsFromDmStoreTask.execute(isNotNull(), eq(incomingCaseData))).thenReturn(incomingCaseData);
when(bulkPrinterTask.execute(isNotNull(), eq(incomingCaseData))).thenReturn(incomingCaseData);
Map<String, Object> returnedCaseData = sendDaGrantedNotificationWorkflow.run(buildCaseDetails(incomingCaseData), AUTH_TOKEN);
assertEquals(incomingCaseData, returnedCaseData);
InOrder inOrder = inOrder(
daGrantedSolicitorLetterGenerationTask,
fetchPrintDocsFromDmStoreTask,
bulkPrinterTask
);
inOrder.verify(daGrantedSolicitorLetterGenerationTask).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(incomingCaseData));
inOrder.verify(fetchPrintDocsFromDmStoreTask).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(incomingCaseData));
inOrder.verify(bulkPrinterTask).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(incomingCaseData));
verify(sendDaGrantedNotificationEmailTask, never()).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(incomingCaseData));
}
@Test
public void runRemoveDaGrantedLetterFromCaseData() throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> incomingCaseData = ImmutableMap.of(
RESP_IS_USING_DIGITAL_CHANNEL, NO_VALUE,
D8DOCUMENTS_GENERATED, asList(
createCollectionMemberDocument("http://daGrantedLetter.com", DECREE_ABSOLUTE_GRANTED_CITIZEN_LETTER_DOCUMENT_TYPE, "daGrantedLetter.pdf"),
createCollectionMemberDocument("http://daGrantedSolicitorLetter.com", DECREE_ABSOLUTE_GRANTED_SOLICITOR_LETTER_DOCUMENT_TYPE, "daGrantedSolicitorLetter.pdf")
)
);
when(featureToggleService.isFeatureEnabled(Features.PAPER_UPDATE)).thenReturn(true);
when(daGrantedCitizenLetterGenerationTask.getDocumentType()).thenReturn(DECREE_ABSOLUTE_GRANTED_CITIZEN_LETTER_DOCUMENT_TYPE);
when(daGrantedSolicitorLetterGenerationTask.getDocumentType()).thenReturn(DECREE_ABSOLUTE_GRANTED_SOLICITOR_LETTER_DOCUMENT_TYPE);
when(daGrantedCitizenLetterGenerationTask.execute(isNotNull(), eq(incomingCaseData))).thenReturn(incomingCaseData);
when(fetchPrintDocsFromDmStoreTask.execute(isNotNull(), eq(incomingCaseData))).thenReturn(incomingCaseData);
when(bulkPrinterTask.execute(isNotNull(), eq(incomingCaseData))).thenReturn(incomingCaseData);
Map<String, Object> returnedCaseData = sendDaGrantedNotificationWorkflow.run(buildCaseDetails(incomingCaseData), AUTH_TOKEN);
assertThat(returnedCaseData.get(D8DOCUMENTS_GENERATED), is(nullValue()));
InOrder inOrder = inOrder(
daGrantedCitizenLetterGenerationTask,
fetchPrintDocsFromDmStoreTask,
bulkPrinterTask
);
inOrder.verify(daGrantedCitizenLetterGenerationTask).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(incomingCaseData));
inOrder.verify(fetchPrintDocsFromDmStoreTask).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(incomingCaseData));
inOrder.verify(bulkPrinterTask).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(incomingCaseData));
verify(sendDaGrantedNotificationEmailTask, never()).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(incomingCaseData));
}
@Test
public void runShouldSkipBulkPrintingTasksWhenFeatureToggleOff() throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> casePayload = buildCaseData(NO_VALUE);
when(featureToggleService.isFeatureEnabled(Features.PAPER_UPDATE)).thenReturn(false);
Map<String, Object> result = sendDaGrantedNotificationWorkflow.run(buildCaseDetails(casePayload), AUTH_TOKEN);
assertEquals(casePayload, result);
verify(daGrantedCitizenLetterGenerationTask, never()).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(casePayload));
verify(fetchPrintDocsFromDmStoreTask, never()).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(casePayload));
verify(bulkPrinterTask, never()).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(casePayload));
verify(sendDaGrantedNotificationEmailTask, never()).execute(any(TaskContext.class), eq(casePayload));
}
private Map<String, Object> buildCaseData(String value) {
return ImmutableMap.of(
RESP_IS_USING_DIGITAL_CHANNEL, value,
D8DOCUMENTS_GENERATED, asList(createCollectionMemberDocument("http://daGranted.com", DECREE_ABSOLUTE_DOCUMENT_TYPE, DECREE_ABSOLUTE_FILENAME))
);
}
private CaseDetails buildCaseDetails(Map<String, Object> casePayload) {
return CaseDetails.builder()
.caseId(CASE_TYPE_ID)
.caseData(casePayload)
.build();
}
}
| 42,061 |
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutina
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Kutina
|
https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kutina&action=history
|
French
|
Spoken
| 75 | 138 |
Kutina est une ville et une municipalité située dans le comitat de Sisak-Moslavina, en Croatie. Au recensement de 2001, la municipalité comptait habitants, dont 86,05 % de Croates et la ville seule comptait habitants.
Histoire
Localités
La municipalité de Kutina compte 23 localités :
Notes et références
Voir aussi
Articles connexes
Liste des villes de Croatie
RK Moslavina Kutina, club de handball de la ville
Liens externes
Site officiel
Ville dans le comitat de Sisak-Moslavina
| 30,957 |
http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/ee67ea6a-30fc-11e9-8d04-01aa75ed71a1_5
|
Eurovoc
|
Open Government
|
CC-By
| 2,018 |
Parere del Comitato economico e sociale europeo sulla «Proposta di regolamento del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio che istituisce “Erasmus”: il programma dell’Unione per l’istruzione, la formazione, la gioventù e lo sport e che abroga il regolamento (UE) n. 1288/2013» [COM(2018) 367 — 2018/0191 (COD)]
|
None
|
Maltese
|
Spoken
| 11,581 | 29,450 |
Remiantis dabartinės programos tarpine peržiūra, veiksmai, kurių imamasi pagal jaunimui skirtą skyrių ir kurių metu taikomi įtraukūs ir neformaliojo mokymosi metodai, veiksmingiausiai padėjo užmegzti ryšius su mažiau galimybių turinčiais jaunuoliais. Į tai turėtų būti atsižvelgta skiriant lėšas skirtingiems skyriams. Todėl jaunimo skyriui turėtų būti suteikta galimybė gauti geresnį finansavimą. Be to, reikėtų apsvarstyti galimybę teikti dotacijas didelio masto Europos jaunimo renginiams (suteikiant dotacijas „už renginį“, o ne „už kiekvieną dalyvį“), nes tai leistų daug daugiau jaunų žmonių pasinaudoti programos „Erasmus+“ parama. 4. 16. Iš programos jau pašalinta Europos savanorių tarnyba, kuri buvo svarbi ankstesnės programos „Erasmus“ dalis. Kadangi dabar ši veikla priskiriama ne programos „Erasmus+“, o Europos solidarumo korpuso kompetencijos sričiai, reikėtų toliau išplėtoti ir paaiškinti šių dviejų programų tarpusavio sąsajas. 4. 17. EESRK išreiškia susirūpinimą dėl to, kad iniciatyvai „DiscoverEU“ trūksta su švietimu susijusių aspektų. Programos „Erasmus+“ pagrindas yra judumas ir jai būdingas stiprus mokymosi aspektas. Jei šio aspekto nėra, veikla programai „Erasmus+“ nepriskiriama. Be to, palankiai vertintina tai, kad remiamas Europos žemyną tyrinėjantis jaunimas, nes tokia veikla suteikia pridėtinę vertę naujų žinių apie įvairias šalis, tautas, kalbas, kultūrą ir kt. požiūriu. Vis dėlto susidaro įspūdis, kad iniciatyva „DiscoverEU“ pirmiausia naudinga iš aukščiausio visuomenės sluoksnio kilusiam jaunimui. Jos lėšomis padengiamos tik kelionės išlaidos, todėl ja negali naudotis palankių sąlygų neturintys jaunuoliai, negalintys sau leisti keliauti. Be to, reikės išsamiau paaiškinti jaunimo organizacijų vaidmenį, atliekamą įgyvendinant šiuos veiksmus. Kad ši iniciatyva taptų iš tikrųjų prasminga ir vertinga, ji turi turėti švietimo aspektą ir iš tikrųjų aprėpti visus jaunuolius. 4. 18. Itin svarbu supaprastinti ir racionalizuoti paraiškų dalyvauti pagal būsimą programą „Erasmus“ įgyvendinamuose projektuose teikimo procesą. Remiantis EESRK informaciniu pranešimu dėl programos „Erasmus+“ laikotarpio vidurio peržiūros (13) ir socialinių partnerių moksliniu tyrimu (14), nebuvo užtikrintas pakankamas visų dydžių ir rūšių organizacijų iš visų ES geografinių vietovių ir regionų įtraukimas. Todėl EESRK palankiai vertina gerus šio pasiūlymo ketinimus teikti nedideles dotacijas, siekiant padėti tiems subjektams, kurie neturi paraiškų dalyvauti programoje teikimo patirties. Vis dėlto, supaprastinant reikalavimus privalu užtikrinti, kad būtų išvengta netinkamo valdymo. Todėl EESRK palankiai vertina tai, kad šiame pasiūlyme pabrėžiama nepriklausomos audito įstaigos svarba vertinant nacionalinių agentūrų veiklos rezultatus. 4. 19. Jaunimo skyriuje dabartinė terminija, pagal kurią skiriamos „smulkios“ ir „didelės“ organizacijos, neatitinka paramos gavėjų realybės. Vietoj to, EESRK rekomenduoja pagal naująją programą pirmenybę teikti savanoryste grindžiamoms veikloms ir organizacijoms, kuriose jauni žmonės atlieka pagrindinį vaidmenį pasirinkdami savo edukacinę raidą. Be to, galimybė užsiregistruoti kaip paramos gavėjams turėtų būti suteikta vietos jaunimo grupėms, kaip nepriklausomoms jaunimo grupėms, neatsižvelgiant į nacionalinės teisės subjektą. Nacionalinės agentūros vietos jaunimo grupėms turėtų suteikti reikalingas konsultacijas. Tai padėtų nukreipti finansavimą paties jaunimo iniciatyvoms ir mažinti riziką, kad didelė finansavimo dalis atiteks profesionaliems veiklos vykdytojams, kaip, deja, įvyko pagal dabartinę programą ir kaip buvo kritikuota per EESRK konsultacijas dėl laikotarpio vidurio peržiūros. 4. 20. Taip pat labai svarbūs klausimai yra informacijos apie projektus sklaida ir jų tvarumas. Šiuo pasiūlymu turėtų būti skatinama tinkamai skleisti informaciją apie projektų rezultatus, tęsti tuos projektus, kurie pasirodė esantys geros kokybės, ir ES lygmeniu bei ES mastu koordinuoti informacijos apie projektų rezultatus sklaidos procesus. 4. 21. Tiek formaliojo, tiek neformaliojo švietimo sektoriams turėtų būti teikiamos vienodo dydžio dotacijos veiklai. Tai sustiprintų papildomumą ir įgalintų neformaliojo švietimo sektorių siūlyti kokybiškas, įdomias programas. Be to, dotacijos veiklai turėtų būti proporcingos pasiektam poveikiui, susijusiam su programos prioritetais, taip pat Europos platformų veiklos sąnaudoms. 4. 22. Be to, EESRK mano, kad pagal būsimą programą turėtų būtų sudarytos sąlygos paraiškas dėl Europos lygmens projektų teikti per centralizuotą struktūrą, o ne per nacionalines agentūras. Tai užtikrintų geresnes galimybes dalyvauti Europos tinklams ir organizacijoms, taip pat išvengti dvigubo lygiaverčių projektų finansavimo. 4. 23. Kadangi programos biudžetas grindžiamas ES piliečių finansiniu įnašu, EESRK pabrėžia demokratinio būsimos programos valdymo svarbą, taip pat neatidėliotiną būtinybę sudaryti nuolatinį programos valdymo komitetą, kad visi atitinkami Europos lygmeniu veikiantys suinteresuotieji subjektai ir socialiniai partneriai galėtų ne tik dalyvauti kaip stebėtojai ad hoc pagrindu, bet ir jo struktūroje užimti nuolatinę vietą. 2018 m. spalio 17 d. , Briuselis Europos ekonomikos ir socialinių reikalų komiteto pirmininkas Luca JAHIER (1) 2018 m. gegužės 22 d. Tarybos rekomendacija dėl bendrųjų mokymosi visą gyvenimą gebėjimų. Bendrosios kompetencijos apibrėžiamos taip: raštingumas ir kalbų mokėjimas; matematikos, gamtos mokslų ir inžinerijos gebėjimai; skaitmeninis raštingumas; asmeniniai, socialiniai ir mokymosi gebėjimai; pilietiniai gebėjimai; verslumas; kultūrinis sąmoningumas ir raiška. Jos taip pat apima visas vertybes, įgūdžius ir požiūrius, kurių reikia norint būti tinkamu demokratinės visuomenės nariu. (2) 2014 m. programos „Erasmus“ poveikio tyrime teigiama, kad beveik dviejų trečdalių studentų bent vienas iš tėvų dirba vadovo, specialisto arba kvalifikuoto techniko darbą. (3) „Kokios kliūtys trukdo studentų judumui sprendimų priėmimo ir planavimo etapu?“(angl. What are the obstacles to student mobility during the decision and planning phase?) Informacinis pranešimas Nr. 02 (2016 m. ), http://www. eurostudent. eu/download_files/documents/EV_IB_mobility_obstacles. pdf. (4) Gamtos mokslai, technologijos, inžinerija, menai ir matematika (angl. C_2019062HR. 01019401. xml 15. 2. 2019 HR Službeni list Europske unije C 62/194 Mišljenje Europskog gospodarskog i socijalnog odbora o „Prijedlog uredbe Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća o uspostavi programa „Erasmus”: programa Unije za obrazovanje, osposobljavanje, mlade i sport te o stavljanju izvan snage Uredbe (EU) br. 1288/2013” (COM(2018) 367 final – 2018/0191 (COD)) (2019/C 62/32) Izvjestitelj/ica: Tatjana BABRAUSKIENĖ Suizvjestitelj/ica: Imse SPRAGG NILSSON Zahtjev za savjetovanje: Europski parlament, 14. 6. 2018. Vijeće, 21. 6. 2018. Pravni temelj: članak 165. , stavak 4. , članak 166. stavak 4. i članak 304. Ugovora o funkcioniranju Europske unije Nadležna stručna skupina: Stručna skupina za zapošljavanje, socijalna pitanja i građanstvo Datum usvajanja u Stručnoj skupini: 26. 9. 2018. Datum usvajanja na plenarnom zasjedanju: 17. 10. 2018. Plenarno zasjedanje br. : 538 Rezultat glasovanja (za/protiv/suzdržani): 186/3/1 1. Zaključci i preporuke EGSO: 1. 1. pozdravlja cilj sljedećeg programa Erasmus da pojedinci steknu znanja, vještine i sposobnosti potrebne za suočavanje sa socijalnim i gospodarskim izazovima i da naglasak prvenstveno bude na mladim građanima Europe; 1. 2. očekuje da će se u sljedećem programu Erasmus obrazovanje i osposobljavanje sveobuhvatno razmatrati, tako da ključne sposobnosti (1) i osnovne vještine imaju ključnu ulogu uz stalno usavršavanje u okviru cjeloživotnog učenja, s posebnim naglaskom na vrednovanju i priznavanju vještina; 1. 3. predlaže da naziv ostane nepromijenjen i da se ime „Erasmus+” zadrži jer simbolizira činjenicu da su svi programi sastavni dio jednog krovnog programa; 1. 4. pozdravlja prijedlog o udvostručavanju proračuna programa, no poziva na to da se on utrostruči, čime bi se pokazala snažnija predanost obrazovnom, profesionalnom i osobnom razvoju ljudi u području obrazovanja, osposobljavanja mladih i sporta, kako bi se osiguralo stvarno uključivanje i pristup svima; 1. 5. utvrđuje da bi uz veći proračun trebalo uspostaviti i veću fleksibilnost i odgovornost na nacionalnoj razini; 1. 6. ističe činjenicu da su se mjere u okviru Poglavlja o mladima prethodno pokazale najuspješnijima u dosezanju do osoba s manje mogućnosti i da bi se to trebalo odražavati u raspodjeli financijskih sredstava; 1. 7. zahtijeva da inicijativa DiscoverEU sadrži snažnu komponentu učenja kako bi mogla biti dio ovog programa; 1. 8. ističe da fizičko iskustvo ne bi trebalo biti zasjenjeno ili zamijenjeno virtualnim alatima i da mora ostati njihova nadopuna; 1. 9. slaže se s većim brojem ciljeva o obrazovanju odraslih i trajnom strukovnom obrazovanju i osposobljavanju i predlaže da prošireno područje primjene bude vidljivo i pri dodjeli financijskih sredstava; 1. 10. traži da se u okviru „pristupa cjeloživotnog učenja” veći naglasak stavi na međusektorsku suradnju (KA2), uz dostatan proračun za provedbu projekata velikih razmjera u okviru politika; 1. 11. pozdravlja povećanje proračuna za osoblje, osobito za mobilnost nastavnika, kako bi se pružila potpora njihovu početnom i stalnom profesionalnom razvoju; 1. 12. pozdravlja dobru namjeru prijedloga da se onima koji nemaju iskustva u podnošenju prijava za program pruži potpora osiguravanjem manjih bespovratnih sredstava; 1. 13. preporučuje da se, umjesto korištenja terminologije koja uključuje pojmove „veliki” i „mali”, u Poglavlju o mladima novog programa prednost da aktivnostima i organizacijama koje se oslanjaju na dobrovoljni rad. Također treba razmotriti dodjeljivanje bespovratnih sredstava za velika europska događanja za mlade; 1. 14. nadalje, pozdravlja činjenicu da se u prijedlogu ističe važnost neovisnog revizijskog tijela u ocjenjivanju rada nacionalnih agencija; 1. 15. smatra da bi službe za profesionalnu orijentaciju nadolazeći program trebale širiti i zagovarati u školama i institucijama za osposobljavanje kako bi se doseglo do širih ciljnih skupina; 1. 16 utvrđuje da bi u prijedlogu trebalo poticati širenje rezultata projekata na razini EU-a i diljem cijelog EU-a i nastavak projekata koji su se pokazali izvrsnima; 1. 17 ističe da je nužno uspostaviti stalni odbor koji bi upravljao programom kako bi svi relevantni dionici i socijalni partneri na europskoj razini imali stalni položaj u njegovoj strukturi; 1. 18 pozdravlja aktivnosti sudjelovanja mladih. Taj se način djelovanja smatrao vrlo uspješnim u okviru programa Mladi na djelu (tada poznatog kao „inicijative za mlade”) omogućavanjem neorganiziranim mladim ljudima da sudjeluju u programu. 2. Uvod 2. 1. U sklopu višegodišnjeg financijskog okvira za razdoblje 2021. – 2027. Europska je komisija nakon financijskog programa EU-a za podupiranje obrazovanja, osposobljavanja, mladih i sporta putem tekućeg programa Erasmus+ (2014. – 2020. ) objavila sljedeću generaciju programa pod nazivom „Erasmus”. 2. 2. Prethodni program Erasmus+ znatno je pomogao u pružanju potpore obrazovanju i osposobljavanju na europskoj, nacionalnoj, regionalnoj i lokalnoj razini, njegovanju osjećaja pripadnosti EU-u („europskog identiteta” u njegovoj cjelokupnoj raznolikosti) i podupiranju uzajamnog razumijevanja, demokratskog građanstva, europske integracije i socijalne pravednosti, integracije u tržište rada te stoga i gospodarskog rasta. 2. 3. Namjera je da se sljedeća generacija programa, uz udvostručeni proračun, osnaži i proširi dosezanjem do većeg broja ciljanih skupina, da bude uključivija i da podupire male projekte te da uključuje organizacije koje nemaju iskustva u podnošenju prijava za program. Program će i dalje obuhvaćati škole, strukovno obrazovanje i osposobljavanje, visoko obrazovanje i obrazovanje odraslih, uključujući neformalno i informalno učenje te volonterske aktivnosti, mlade i sport, no na jednostavniji način i na temelju evaluacije u sredini programskog razdoblja i savjetovanja s dionicima. 3. Opće napomene 3. 1. EGSO ističe da bi kvalitetno obrazovanje, osposobljavanje i mobilnost radi učenja trebali biti dostupni za sve. Ključne su uključivost i jednakost, kao glavni ciljevi novog programa Erasmus. Statistički podaci trenutačno pokazuju da većina mobilnih studenata visokog obrazovanja dolazi iz socioekonomski i akademski privilegiranih obitelji (2). U 2016. , 63 % nemobilnih studenata navelo je da su nedostatna sredstva koja se u okviru programa Erasmus dodjeljuju za studente visokog obrazovanja koji studiraju u inozemstvu i visoki troškovi života u drugoj zemlji glavna prepreka sudjelovanju u programima razmjene Erasmus na sveučilišnoj razini (3). Ograničena financijska potpora u okviru programa doprinijela je velikoj nejednakosti u pogledu pristupa među studentima različitog socioekonomskog podrijetla. 3. 2. Sljedeći program Erasmus od ključne je važnosti za osnaživanje uzajamnog razumijevanja i osjećaja pripadnosti EU-u te za poboljšavanje vještina i sposobnosti mladih kako bi im se omogućilo da djeluju kao demokratski građani i imaju bolje mogućnosti na tržištu rada. Program ima ključnu važnost radi podupiranja uključivosti i zajedničkih europskih vrijednosti, poticanja društvene integracije, poboljšavanja međukulturnog razumijevanja i sprečavanja radikalizacije sudjelovanjem mladih u demokratskim procesima, uz potporu putem mobilnosti u učenju i suradnje građana Europe, ustanova za obrazovanje i osposobljavanje, organizacija, dionika i država članica, koji su od ključne važnosti za budućnost Unije 3. 3. EGSO pozdravlja cilj sljedećeg programa Erasmus da se mladim europskim građanima kao njegovim budućim korisnicima pruže znanje, vještine i kompetencije potrebne za sudjelovanje u tržištu rada koje se neprestano mijenja, kao i za suočavanje sa socijalnim, gospodarskim i okolišnim izazovima. Zbog toga će obrazovne sustave trebati modernizirati, učiniti dostupnima i primjerenima za digitalno doba, a učenike će trebati bolje pripremiti da postanu demokratski aktivni građani i snažni kandidati za kvalitetno zapošljavanje i pravedna radna mjesta. 3. 4. EGSO očekuje da će se u sljedećem programu Erasmus obrazovanje i osposobljavanje sveobuhvatno razmatrati, tako da bitne sposobnosti i osnovne vještine, posebice STEAM (4), imaju ključnu ulogu, uz stalno usavršavanje u okviru cjeloživotnog učenja. Njime bi prvenstveno trebalo podupirati demokratsko građanstvo i zajedničke europske vrijednosti kako bi se zajamčili mir, sigurnost, sloboda, demokracija, jednakost, vladavina prava, solidarnost i uzajamno poštovanje i doprinijelo otvorenim tržištima, održivom rastu te socijalnoj uključivosti i pravednosti, uz poštovanje i obogaćivanje kulturne raznolikosti i poticanje osjećaja pripadnosti. 3. 5. U pogledu cilja politika, EGSO podupire činjenicu da se Uredba temelji na europskom stupu socijalnih prava. EGSO smatra da bi sljedeći program Erasmus trebao služiti kao instrument za provedbu prvog načela stupa kako bi se zajamčilo da su kvalitetno i uključivo obrazovanje, osposobljavanje i cjeloživotno učenje prava sviju. 3. 6. EGSO također podupire činjenicu da se Uredba temelji na Povelji EU-a o temeljnim pravima (5) radi jamčenja prava na jednakost i pristupa svima. EGSO zahtijeva da se u konačnoj uredbi dodatno istakne da se u okviru programa primjenjuju i osnažuju načela jednakog postupanja, pravednosti i rodne uravnoteženosti. 3. 7. Iako je jasno da su se u novom programu Erasmus uzele u obzir „osobe s invaliditetom i migranti te građani EU-a koji žive na udaljenim područjima”, EGSO traži da se pri dodjeli proračuna osobama s invaliditetom zajamči osiguravanje posebne osobne pomoći i financijske potpore, uz poštovanje Konvencije UN-a o pravima osoba s invaliditetom (6). 3. 8. Svim mladim osobama potrebna je veća financijska pomoć kako bi se poduprla njihova mobilnost radi učenja i kako bi se osobama koje su socioekonomski u nepovoljnom položaju, uključujući tek pristigle migrante, pružile veće mogućnosti u pogledu pristupa kvalitetnom obrazovanju i osposobljavanju te promicalo njihovo uključivanje u društvo. 3. 9. Imajući u vidu da je u skladu s Poveljom EU-a o temeljnim pravima predviđeno pravedno postupanje prema svima, a ne samo prema građanima EU-a, migranti, izbjeglice i tražitelji azila također trebaju potporu kako bi stekli priznanje za svoju razinu obrazovanja i osposobljavanja i kako bi im se osiguralo dodatno osposobljavanje s ciljem da se integriraju u obrazovni sustav i tržište rada EU-a. 3. 10. EGSO također pozdravlja činjenicu da će sljedeći program Erasmus biti usmjeren na provedbu Pariške deklaracije o promicanju građanstva i zajedničkih vrijednosti slobode, snošljivosti i nediskriminacije putem obrazovanja (7), s obzirom na to da je sprečavanje ekstremizma i radikalizacije u Europi sada važnije nego ikad. 4. Posebne napomene 4. 1. EGSO ističe da je važno da program nadopunjuje političke ciljeve i aktivnosti država članica i Unije. U političke ciljeve koji se programom trebaju provesti ubrajaju se europski prostor obrazovanja, Strategija EU-a za mlade i budući Strateški okvir za obrazovanje i osposobljavanje te njegovi sektorski planovi, kao i obrazloženje načina na koji će se državama članicama, socijalnim partnerima i ostalim dionicima pružiti potpora u ostvarivanju pokazatelja i referentnih vrijednosti iz tih budućih strategija. 4. 2. EGSO poziva na utrostručavanje proračuna za program Erasmus, čime bi se pokazala snažnija predanost mobilnosti radi učenja te potreba za ulaganjem u socijalnu koheziju, europske vrijednosti, integraciju i građanstvo. Kao što je već navedeno, novi program Erasmus trebat će uključivati i dodatne političke ciljeve. Tvorci politika moraju zajamčiti da to neće dovesti do neprihvatljivo niskih stopa uspješnosti u određenim dijelovima programa, što je bio slučaj u prethodnim programima. 4. 3. EGSO smatra da sljedeći program Erasmus treba nadopunjavati druge fondove i programe Unije, osobito budući fond ESF+. EGSO bi istodobno želio istaknuti da nacionalni proračuni za obrazovanje, osposobljavanje, mlade i sport trebaju biti sami po sebi održivi i da se program Erasmus ne smije upotrebljavati kako bi se nadomjestili njihovi investicijski nedostatci. Postupak Europskog semestra i dalje bi trebao imati aktivnu ulogu radi jamčenja pravednog i održivog nacionalnog ulaganja u obrazovanje, osposobljavanje i cjeloživotno učenje. 4. 4. EGSO ističe veliku važnost promicanja suradnje država članica u okviru proračuna za sljedeći program Erasmus radi poboljšavanja njihovih sustava obrazovanja i osposobljavanja u skladu s demokratski dogovorenim političkim ciljevima te aktivnostima koje su Vijeće i Europski parlament razmotrili i dogovorili uz savjetovanje sa socijalnim partnerima i EGSO-om. Uz veći proračun trebalo bi uspostaviti i veću fleksibilnost i odgovornost na nacionalnoj razini. To se odnosi na ciljeve u okviru programskog sadržaja, kao što su bilo kakve izmjene programa u skladu s trenutačnim i budućim političkim i socioekonomskim razvojem u Europi. 4. 5. EGSO podržava činjenicu da će se u prijedlogu Komisije omogućiti sudjelovanje trećih zemalja u programu i drži da je to prilika za daljnju internacionalizaciju i način za osnaživanje suradnje različitih obrazovnih institucija te organizacija mladih i sportskih organizacija diljem cijelog svijeta, s obzirom na to da će se time osigurati veće mogućnosti za mlade u partnerskim zemljama da se obrazuju i osposobljavaju u Europi i obratno. Tim sudionicima potrebno je osigurati lakši pristup i dostatnu administrativnu, financijsku i socijalnu potporu kako bi se zajamčila mogućnost stjecanja europskog obrazovanja u globalnim obrazovnim okvirima. 4. 6. EGSO prima na znanje da je alatima za virtualnu suradnju pripisana veća važnost i slaže se da su rješenja kao što je kombinirana mobilnost, što je također istaknuto u prijedlogu, odličan način za olakšavanje pristupa skupinama koje su u pogledu fizičke mobilnosti suočene s posebnim preprekama, kao što su skupine koje žive u udaljenim područjima, skrbnici u obiteljima ili osobe s invaliditetom. Ti alati imaju potencijal za povećanje transnacionalne suradnje i komunikacije te pružanje pomoći i smjernica budućim sudionicima. Međutim, EGSO ističe da virtualni alati ne bi trebali zamijeniti fizičko iskustvo i da moraju ostati dopuna takvom iskustvu. Prednost treba dati ulaganju u kvalitetnu fizičku mobilnost. 4. 7. EGSO predlaže da se u Prijedlogu spomenu birokratske prepreke koje bi se mogle javiti kada stjecatelji znanja različitih nacionalnosti i statusa žele sudjelovati u inicijativama za mobilnost, posebice ako zemlja odredišta nije članica EU-a (primjerice različiti zahtjevi za vizu ili ograničenja pristupa za različite nacionalnosti). 4. 8. EGSO smatra da naziv programa ima ključnu važnost i da je nužan kako bi se zajamčilo da opća javnost jasno razumije što se njime podupire i da su njime obuhvaćene sve faze obrazovanja i oblici učenja, a ne samo visoko obrazovanje, s obzirom na to da polovica financijskih sredstava u okviru programa Erasmus otpada na promicanje obrazovanja i osposobljavanja, obrazovanja odraslih i podržavanja mladih i sporta, čime se mladima i osoblju omogućuje da određeno vrijeme provedu u inozemstvu. Međutim, sada kada će se oznaka „+”, koja simbolizira činjenicu da su svi programi sastavni dio jednog krovnog programa, ukloniti iz naziva, postoji rizik da će program „izgubiti” dionike izvan sektora visokog obrazovanja. EGSO stoga predlaže da ime Erasmus + ostane nepromijenjeno. 4. 9. EGSO se slaže s većim brojem ciljeva o obrazovanju odraslih i trajnom strukovnom obrazovanju i osposobljavanju i predlaže da prošireno područje primjene bude vidljivo i pri dodjeli financijskih sredstava; EGSO ističe da obrazovanje odraslih uključuje i osobe koje su socioekonomski u nepovoljnom položaju, uključujući izbjeglice. EGSO stoga izražava zabrinutost zbog toga što će se za obrazovanje odraslih i potporu za niskokvalificirane odrasle osobe ponovno namijeniti najmanji postotak proračuna. EGSO sumnja da će taj iznos, zajedno s proračunom za budući fond ESF+, biti dovoljan za potporu za 70 milijuna niskokvalificiranih odraslih osoba koje je potrebno integrirati u tržište rada kako bi ponovno imali posao i kojima je potrebna potpora u razdoblju nezaposlenosti. 4. 10. Iako EGSO cijeni napore da se poveća proračun za strukovno obrazovanje i osposobljavanje, potrebno je napomenuti da nisu predviđene nikakve konkretne mjere za osiguravanje kvalitetnijeg, atraktivnijeg, pristupačnijeg i uključivijeg strukovnog obrazovanja i osposobljavanja. Istodobno se mora poboljšati mobilnost za stjecatelje znanja i naukovanje u okviru strukovnog obrazovanja i osposobljavanja (trenutačno se samo 1 % naučnika u Europi opredjeljuje za boravak u inozemstvu tijekom svojeg osposobljavanja, a cilj za 2020. godinu iznosi 6 % (8)) u skladu s Preporukom Vijeća o europskom okviru za kvalitetna i učinkovita naukovanja (9), Europskim sustavom bodovanja za strukovno obrazovanje i osposobljavanje (ECVET) i Europskim referentnim okvirom za osiguranje kvalitete u strukovnom obrazovanju i osposobljavanju (EQAVET). 4. 11. EGSO bi želio vidjeti kako se „pristup cjeloživotnog učenja” provodi u praksi i smatra da bi veći naglasak trebalo staviti na međusektorsku suradnju (KA2), uz dostatan proračun za provedbu projekata velikih razmjera u okviru politika s obzirom na njihov veliki potencijal na nacionalnoj razini i na razini EU-a, kako je prikazano u informativnom izvješću EGSO-a o programu Erasmus+ (10). 4. 12. EGSO također pozdravlja povećanje proračuna za članove osoblja, osobito za mobilnost nastavnika i voditelje osposobljavanja, kako bi se pružila potpora njihovu početnom i stalnom profesionalnom razvoju. Mobilnost nastavnika i voditelja osposobljavanja te drugog (nastavnog) osoblja ključna je za poboljšanje kvalitete obrazovanja i osposobljavanja. Ona također potiče međunarodnu suradnju između obrazovnih institucija i drugih organizacija, koja je od ključnog značaja, kao i njihovu internacionalizaciju. EGSO smatra da bi se u prijedlogu mogla pružiti dodatna potpora za nastavnike, voditelje osposobljavanja i drugo (nastavno) osoblje, sveučilišne profesore i istraživače kojima je potrebna zamjena dok sudjeluju u programima mobilnosti. Trebalo bi ih podupirati u učenju jezika, a njihov dopust radi mobilnosti trebalo bi smatrati dijelom njihova posla i priznatog daljnjeg osobnog i stručnog razvoja. 4. 13. EGSO smatra da bi službe za profesionalnu orijentaciju sljedeći program Erasmus trebale širiti i zagovarati u institucijama za obrazovanje i osposobljavanje i više se uključiti u medijske kampanje kako bi dosegle do širih ciljnih skupina. 4. 14. EGSO predlaže da se u Uredbi navede važnost povezivanja raspodjele proračuna i konkretnih bespovratnih sredstava sa strogim postupcima procjene kvalitete i opisa rezultata učenja. Isto tako, u Prijedlogu bi se poseban naglasak trebao staviti na vrednovanje i priznavanje razdoblja obrazovanja i osposobljavanja provedenog u inozemstvu i putem interneta. U Prijedlogu bi trebalo spomenuti Preporuku Vijeća o vrednovanju neformalnog i informalnog učenja (11) , Preporuku Vijeća o europskom okviru za kvalitetna i učinkovita naukovanja (12), Bolonjski proces i njegove temeljne vrijednosti te nacionalne sustave bodovanja, europske alate i instrumente poput Europskog kvalifikacijskog okvira (EQF), Europskog registra za osiguranje kvalitete visokog obrazovanja (EQAR), Europskog sustava bodovanja za strukovno obrazovanje i osposobljavanje (ECVET) i Europskog referentnog okvira za osiguranje kvalitete u strukovnom obrazovanju i osposobljavanju (EQAVET). 4. 15. Program Erasmus ključan je element u podupiranju napora i svakodnevnog rada organizacija mladih, a posebno u podupiranju neformalnog i informalnog učenja te u razvoju rada s mladima. Stoga je potrebno pozdraviti prijedlog da Poglavlje o mladima ostane zaseban dio u sljedećem programu. Međutim, kako bi se doseglo do više mladih, a osobito onih s manje mogućnosti, od ključne su važnosti aktivnosti u okviru Poglavlja o mladima koje pomažu u dosezanju do tih ciljnih skupina. Prema privremenoj evaluaciji tekućeg programa, aktivnosti u okviru Poglavlja o mladima, u kojima se primjenjuju pristupi koji se temelje na uključivosti i neformalnom učenju, pokazale su se najuspješnijima u dosezanju do mladih s manje mogućnosti. O tome bi trebalo voditi računa pri raspodjeli sredstava za različita poglavlja i stoga bi za Poglavlje o mladima trebalo osigurati bolje financiranje. Također bi trebalo razmotriti dodjelu bespovratnih sredstva za velika europska događanja u vezi s mladima (ponudom sredstava za pojedinačna događanja umjesto sredstava po učesniku) jer bi se time znatno povećao broj mladih koji bi došli u dodir s programom Erasmus+. 4. 16. Europska volonterska služba (EVS), koja je bila važan dio prethodnog programa Erasmus +, sada je uklonjena. S obzirom na to da je ta djelatnost sada u nadležnosti Europskih snaga solidarnosti, a ne programa Erasmus+, trebalo bi dodatno razviti i objasniti poveznice između tih dvaju programa. 4. 17. EGSO izražava zabrinutost zbog nedostatka obrazovnih elemenata u okviru inicijative DiscoverEU. Temelj programa Erasmus+ jest mobilnost koja ima snažnu komponentu učenja. Inicijativa kojoj to nedostaje ne može biti dio programa Erasmus+. Nadalje, potrebno je pozdraviti činjenicu da se mladima pruža potpora u istraživanju europskog kontinenta, što predstavlja dodanu vrijednost jer uključuje učenje o različitim zemljama, ljudima, jezicima, kulturama itd. Međutim, čini se da inicijativa DiscoverEU prvenstveno pogoduje privilegiranim mladim ljudima. U okviru te inicijative pokrivaju se samo putni troškovi, čime se isključuju mladi u nepovoljnom položaju koji si ne mogu priuštiti putovanja. Nadalje, potrebno je dodatno objasniti ulogu organizacija mladih u provedbi te mjere. Kako bi ta inicijativa bila istinski značajna i vrijedna, treba imati obrazovnu komponentu i istinski uključivati sve mlade. 4. 18. U okviru sljedećeg programa Erasmus osobito je nužno pojednostaviti i racionalizirati prijave za projekte. Prema informativnom izvješću EGSO-a o evaluaciji programa Erasmus+ u sredini provedbenog razdoblja (13) i istraživanju socijalnih partnera (14), nedostaje činjenica da nisu uključene sve veličine i vrste organizacija iz svih geografskih područja i regija EU-a. EGSO stoga pozdravlja dobru namjeru prijedloga da se onima koji nemaju iskustva u podnošenju prijava za program pruži potpora osiguravanjem manjih bespovratnih sredstava. Međutim, mora se zajamčiti da se pri pojednostavljenju izbjegne loše upravljanje. EGSO stoga pozdravlja činjenicu da se u prijedlogu ističe važnost neovisnog revizijskog tijela u ocjenjivanju rada nacionalnih agencija. 4. 19. U Poglavlju o mladima, predložena terminologija „malih” nasuprot „velikih” organizacija ne odgovara stvarnosti korisnika. EGSO umjesto toga preporučuje da se u novom programu prioritet da aktivnostima i organizacijama koje se oslanjaju na dobrovoljni rad i u kojima mladi imaju ključnu ulogu u određivanju smjera kojim će se kretati njihov obrazovni razvoj. Isto tako, lokalnim skupinama mladih treba omogućiti da se među korisnicima registriraju kao neovisne skupine mladih, bez obzira na to o kakvom je pravnom subjektu riječ na nacionalnoj razini. Lokalne skupine mladih trebale bi dobiti potrebne smjernice od svojih nacionalnih agencija. To bi pomoglo da se sredstva usmjere na inicijative koje organiziraju sami mladi i smanjilo rizik od toga da veliki dio financijskih sredstava završi u rukama profesionalnih aktera, što se nažalost događalo u postojećem programu i što je bilo predmetom kritika tijekom savjetovanja koje je EGSO proveo u okviru preispitivanja sredinom programskog razdoblja. 4. 20. Širenje i održivost projekata također su od velike važnosti. U prijedlogu bi trebalo poticati odgovarajuće širenje rezultata projekata, nastavak projekata koji su se pokazali izvrsnima i koordinirano širenje rezultata projekata na razini EU-a i diljem cijelog EU-a. 4. 21. Sektorima formalnog i neformalnog obrazovanja trebalo bi ponuditi jednaka bespovratna sredstva za poslovanje. Time bi se ojačale komplementarnosti, a sektor neformalnog obrazovanja osnažio za pružanje privlačnih i visokokvalitetnih programa. Pored toga, bespovratna sredstva za poslovanje trebala bi biti razmjerna učinku postignutom u pogledu prioriteta programa, ali i troškovima poslovanja europskih platformi. 4. 22. Nadalje, EGSO smatra da bi u okviru sljedećeg programa projektima na europskoj razini trebalo omogućiti prijavljivanje putem centralizirane strukture, umjesto nacionalnih agencija. C_2019062LV. 01019401. xml 15. 2. 2019 LV Eiropas Savienības Oficiālais Vēstnesis C 62/194 Eiropas Ekonomikas un sociālo lietu komitejas atzinums par tematu “Priekšlikums Eiropas Parlamenta un Padomes regulai, ar ko izveido Savienības programmu izglītības, apmācības, jaunatnes un sporta jomā Erasmus un ar ko atceļ Regulu (ES) Nr. 1288/2013” (COM(2018) 367 – 2018/0191(COD)) (2019/C 62/32) Ziņotāja: Tatjana BABRAUSKIENĖ Līdzziņotāja: Imse SPRAGG NILSSON Apspriešanās Eiropas Parlaments, 14. 6. 2018. Padome, 21. 6. 2018. Juridiskais pamats Līguma par Eiropas Savienības darbību 165. pants, 4. pants, 166. panta 4. punkts un 304. pants Atbildīgā specializētā nodaļa Nodarbinātības, sociālo lietu un pilsoniskuma specializētā nodaļa Pieņemts specializētās nodaļas sanāksmē 26. 9. 2018. Pieņemts plenārsesijā 17. 10. 2018. Plenārsesija Nr. 538 Balsojuma rezultāts (par/pret/atturas) 186/3/1 1. Secinājumi un ieteikumi EESK 1. 1. atzinīgi vērtē nākamās programmas Erasmus mērķi, proti, nodrošināt cilvēkiem zināšanas, prasmes un kompetences, kas nepieciešamas sociālo un ekonomisko uzdevumu risināšanai, un galveno uzsvaru likt uz gados jauniem Eiropas iedzīvotājiem; 1. 2. pauž cerību, ka nākamajā programmā Erasmus izglītība un apmācība tiks apsvērtas holistiskā perspektīvā, t. i. , mūžizglītībā līdztekus nepārtrauktai prasmju pilnveidei būtisku nozīmi piešķirot pamatkompetencēm (1) un pamatprasmēm, kā arī īpašu uzmanību pievēršot validēšanai un atzīšanai. 1. 3. iesaka nemainīt nosaukumu un saglabāt nosaukumu Erasmus+, jo tas simbolizē faktu, ka visas programmas ir apvienotas zem viena jumta; 1. 4. atzinīgi vērtē to, ka ir ierosināts divkāršot programmas budžetu, taču aicina to trīskāršot, lai apliecinātu dziļāku apņemšanos sniegt atbalstu cilvēku izglītības, profesionālajai un personiskajai attīstībai izglītības, apmācības, jaunatnes un sporta jomā un tādējādi nodrošinātu, ka ikviens ir patiešām iekļauts un ikvienam ir garantēta piekļuve; 1. 5. uzskata, ka līdztekus lielākam budžetam ir vajadzīgs lielāks elastīgums un atbildība valstu līmenī; 1. 6. uzsver, ka jaunatnei paredzētajā nodaļā minētās darbības iepriekš ļoti veiksmīgi ir palīdzējušas sasniegt cilvēkus, kam ir mazāk iespēju, un ka tas būtu jāatspoguļo finansējuma piešķīrumā; 1. 7. prasa, lai iniciatīva DiscoverEU , ja tā tiks iekļauta programmā, ietvertu spēcīgu mācību komponentu; 1. 8. uzsver, ka papildus virtuāliem rīkiem arī turpmāk būtu jāizmanto fiziska pieredze, un tā nav jāaizēno vai jāaizstāj; 1. 9. piekrīt tam, ka ir palielināts mērķu skaits pieaugušo izglītības un tālākas profesionālās izglītības un apmācības (PIA) jomā, un ierosina gādāt par to, ka darbības jomas paplašinājums atspoguļojas finansējuma piešķīrumā; 1. 10. prasa, lai mūžizglītības pieejā lielāks uzsvars tiktu likts uz starpnozaru sadarbību (2. pamatdarbība), piešķirot pietiekamu budžetu plaša mēroga politikas projektu īstenošanai; 1. 11. atzinīgi vērtē sākotnējas un tālākas profesionālās attīstības veicināšanai paredzētā budžeta palielinājumu personālam, jo īpaši skolotāju un apmācītāju mobilitātei; 1. 12. atzinīgi vērtē priekšlikumā pausto labo nodomu piešķirt neliela apjoma finansiālu atbalstu, lai palīdzētu pretendentiem, kam nav pieredzes pieteikties programmai; 1. 13. iesaka jaunās programmas nodaļā “Jaunatne” piešķirt prioritāti brīvprātīgo vadītām darbībām un organizācijām, nevis lietot terminus “liela” un “maza”. Turklāt būtu jāapsver iespēja piešķirt dotācijas plaša mēroga Eiropas jaunatnes pasākumiem. 1. 14. atzinīgi vērtē arī to, ka priekšlikumā ir uzsvērta neatkarīgas revīzijas iestādes nozīme valstu aģentūru darbības novērtēšanā; 1. 15. uzskata: lai sasniegtu plašākas mērķgrupas, nākamā programma ir jāpopularizē un jāatbalsta gan karjeras attīstības atbalsta dienestiem izglītības un apmācības iestādēs, gan arī nodarbinātības dienestiem un citām organizācijām; 1. 16. uzskata, ka priekšlikumam būtu jāveicina projektu rezultātu popularizēšana ES līmenī un ES mērogā, kā arī izcilāko projektu turpināšana; 1. 17. uzsver, ka pastāvīgajai komitejai, kas pārvalda šo programmu, noteikti ir jānodrošina, lai tās struktūrā pastāvīgi darbotos visas attiecīgās Eiropas līmeņa ieinteresētās personas un sociālie partneri; 1. 18. atzinīgi vērtē darbības ar jauniešu līdzdalību. Tas ir formāts, kas tika atzīts par ļoti veiksmīgu programmā “Jaunatne darbībā” (un toreiz tika dēvēts par jauniešu iniciatīvām), jo tas deva iespēju organizācijās neiesaistītiem jauniešiem piedalīties programmā. 2. Ievads 2. 1. Pēc ES finanšu programmas, kas, pamatojoties uz pašreizējo programmu Erasmus+ (2014–2020), paredz atbalstīt izglītību, apmācību, jaunatni un sportu, Eiropas Komisija ir publicējusi nākamās paaudzes programmu, kuras nosaukums ir Erasmus un kura ir paredzēta daudzgadu finanšu shēmā 2021. –2027. gadam. 2. 2. Iepriekšējā programma Erasmus+ ir ievērojami palīdzējusi atbalstīt izglītību un apmācību Eiropas Savienības, valstu, reģionālajā un vietējā līmenī, attīstīt piederības izjūtu ES (Eiropas Savienības identitāti visā tās daudzveidībā) un veicināt savstarpēju sapratni, demokrātisku pilsoniskumu, Eiropas integrāciju un sociālo taisnīgumu, iekļaušanu darba tirgū un tādējādi arī ekonomikas izaugsmi. 2. 3. Iecerēts, ka nākamās paaudzes programma, kuras budžets būs divreiz lielāks, tiks uzlabota un paplašināta, lai sasniegtu lielāku skaitu mērķgrupu, būs iekļaujošāka, ļaus atbalstīt nelielus projektus un iesaistīt organizācijas, kam nav pieredzes pieteikties dalībai programmā. Tā arī turpmāk aptvers skolas, profesionālo izglītību un apmācību, augstāko izglītību un pieaugušo izglītību, tostarp neformālo un ikdienējo mācīšanos un brīvprātīgo darbu, kā arī jaunatni un sportu, taču tas notiks racionalizētākā veidā, pamatojoties uz vidusposma novērtējumu un konsultācijām ar ieinteresētajām personām. 3. Vispārīgas piezīmes 3. 1. EESK norāda, ka kvalitatīvai izglītībai, apmācībai un mācību mobilitātei vajadzētu būt pieejamai visiem. Tas, ka jaunajā programmā Erasmus ir pausta apņemšanās nodrošināt iekļautību un vienlīdzību kā ļoti svarīgus mērķus, ir būtiski. Statistika liecina, ka pašreiz vairums mobilo augstskolu studentu nāk no priviliģētiem sociāli ekonomiskiem slāņiem un akadēmisko aprindu ģimenēm (2). Uz to, ka Erasmus stipendijas nav pietiekamas ārzemēs studējošiem augstskolu studentiem un ka dzīvošana citā valstī izmaksā dārgi, 2016. gadā ir norādījuši 63 % nemobilo studentu, atzīstot tos par galvenajiem šķēršļiem dalībai Erasmus apmaiņas programmās augstskolu līmenī (3). Programmas ierobežotais finansiālais atbalsts ir veicinājis to, ka piekļuves iespēju ziņā ir radušās lielas atšķirības starp studentiem no dažādiem sociāli ekonomiskiem slāņiem. 3. 2. Nākamajai programmai Erasmus ir būtiska nozīme savstarpējas sapratnes un piederības izjūtas ES stiprināšanā un jauniešu prasmju un kompetenču uzlabošanā, un tas ļauj viņiem rīkoties kā demokrātiskiem pilsoņiem un nodrošināt labākas iespējas darba tirgū. Lai atbalstītu sociālo iekļautību un kopējas Eiropas vērtības, ir būtiski sekmēt sociālo integrāciju, uzlabot izpratni par dažādām kultūrām un novērst radikalizāciju, iesaistot jauniešus demokrātiskajos procesos un šo procesu atbalstam veicinot mācību mobilitāti un sadarbību starp Eiropas iedzīvotājiem, izglītības un apmācības iestādēm, organizācijām, ieinteresētajām personām un dalībvalstīm, un tas viss ir ārkārtīgi svarīgi Savienības nākotnei. 3. 3. EESK atzinīgi vērtē nākamās Erasmus programmas mērķi, proti, gados jauniem Eiropas iedzīvotājiem kā nākamajiem labuma guvējiem nodrošināt zināšanas, prasmes un kompetences, kas nepieciešamas, lai piedalītos nepārtraukti mainīgajā darba tirgū, kā arī risinātu sociālās, ekonomiskās un vides problēmas. Tam būs vajadzīga modernizēta, pieejama un digitālajam laikmetam piemērota izglītības sistēma un audzēkņi, kas ir labāk sagatavoti kļūt par aktīviem pilsoņiem un spēcīgiem kandidātiem uz kvalitatīvām un taisnīgām darbvietām. 3. 4. EESK pauž cerību, ka nākamajā programmā Erasmus izglītība un apmācība tiks apsvērtas holistiskā perspektīvā, t. i. , mūžizglītībā līdztekus nepārtrauktai prasmju pilnveidei būtisku nozīmi piešķirot pamatkompetencēm un pamatprasmēm, it īpaši t. s. STEM (4). Tai galvenokārt būtu jāatbalsta demokrātisks pilsoniskums un Eiropas Savienības kopīgās vērtības, lai nodrošinātu mieru, drošību, brīvību, demokrātiju, vienlīdzību, tiesiskumu, solidaritāti un savstarpēju cieņu un veicinātu atvērtu tirgu, ilgtspējīgu izaugsmi, sociālo iekļautību un taisnīgumu, vienlaikus ņemot vērā un bagātinot piederības izjūtu un kultūras daudzveidību. 3. 5. Attiecībā uz politikas mērķi EESK atbalsta to, ka regula pamatojas uz Eiropas sociālo tiesību pīlāru. EESK uzskata, ka nākamajai programmai Erasmus vajadzētu būt instrumentam, kas ļauj īstenot sociālo tiesību pīlāra pirmo principu, lai nodrošinātu, ka ikvienam ir tiesības uz kvalitatīvu un iekļaujošu vispārīgo un profesionālo izglītību un mūžizglītību. 3. 6. EESK atbalsta arī to, ka regula pamatojas uz ES Pamattiesību hartu (5), lai ikvienam nodrošinātu tiesības uz vienlīdzīgu attieksmi un piekļuvi. EESK prasa, lai regulas galīgajā redakcijā vēl vairāk tiktu uzsvērts, ka uz programmu attiecas un ar to tiek stiprināti vienlīdzīgas attieksmes, taisnīguma un dzimumu līdzsvara principi. 3. 7. Lai gan ir skaidrs, ka jaunajā programmā Erasmus ir ņemti vērā cilvēki ar invaliditāti un migranti, kā arī Eiropas Savienības attālo reģionu iedzīvotāji, EESK aicina atbilstīgi ANO Konvencijai par personu ar invaliditāti tiesībām (CRPD) (6) budžeta piešķīrumā paredzēt īpašu personīgo palīdzību un finansiālu atbalstu cilvēkiem ar invaliditāti. 3. 8. Ir jāpalielina finansiāla palīdzība visiem jauniešiem, lai atbalstītu viņu mācību mobilitāti un nodrošinātu cilvēkiem no nelabvēlīgas sociāli ekonomiskās vides, tostarp nesen ieceļojušiem migrantiem, vairāk iespēju piekļūt kvalitatīvai izglītībai un apmācībai, lai tādējādi veicinātu viņu iekļaušanu sabiedrībā. 3. 9. Ņemot vērā, ka ES Pamattiesību hartā ir paredzēta taisnīga attieksme ne tikai pret ES pilsoņiem, bet pret visiem cilvēkiem, atbalsts ir vajadzīgs arī migrantiem, bēgļiem un patvēruma meklētājiem, lai tiktu atzīts viņu izglītības un apmācības līmenis un nodrošinātas tālākapmācības iespējas, tādējādi palīdzot viņiem integrēties ES izglītības sistēmā un darba tirgū. 3. 10. EESK atzinīgi vērtē arī to, ka nākamā programma Erasmus palīdzēs īstenot Parīzes deklarāciju par pilsoniskuma un kopīgo vērtību – brīvības, iecietības un diskriminācijas aizlieguma – veicināšanu ar izglītības palīdzību (7), ņemot vērā, ka ekstrēmisma un radikalizācijas novēršana Eiropā pašreiz ir svarīgāka nekā jebkad iepriekš. 4. Īpašas piezīmes 4. 1. EESK uzsver, ka ir svarīgi, lai programma papildinātu dalībvalstu un Eiropas Savienības politiskos mērķus un darbības. Starp politiskajiem mērķiem, kas programmai būtu jāīsteno, ir minēta Eiropas izglītības telpa, ES jaunatnes stratēģija, kā arī gaidāmā stratēģiskā sistēma izglītības un apmācības jomā un tās nozaru programmas, un sniegts skaidrojums par to, kā programma atbalstīs dalībvalstis, sociālos partnerus un citas ieinteresētās personas, lai palīdzētu sasniegt šo nākotnes stratēģiju rādītājus un kritērijus. 4. 2. EESK aicina trīskāršot programmas Erasmus budžetu, lai apliecinātu dziļāku apņemšanos sniegt atbalstu mācību mobilitātei un atzītu vajadzību ieguldīt līdzekļus sociālajā kohēzijā, Eiropas Savienības vērtībās, integrācijā un pilsoniskumā. Kā iepriekš teikts, jaunajā programmā Erasmus būs jāiekļauj papildu politiskie mērķi. Politikas veidotājiem jānodrošina, lai tas neizraisītu nepieņemami zemu sekmīgo projektu īpatsvaru dažās programmas daļās, kā ir noticis iepriekšējās programmās. 4. 3. EESK uzskata, ka nākamajai programmai Erasmus ir jāpapildina citi Eiropas Savienības fondi un programmas, jo īpaši jaunais Eiropas Sociālais fonds+. Vienlaikus EESK vēlas uzsvērt, ka valstu izglītības, apmācības, jaunatnes un sporta jomas budžetam ir jābūt ilgtspējīgam un ka dalībvalstis nedrīkst izmantot programmas Erasmus budžetu, lai novērstu investīciju trūkumu. Eiropas semestra procesam arī turpmāk būtu aktīvi jāgādā par to, lai nodrošinātu taisnīgas un ilgtspējīgas valstu investīcijas izglītībā, apmācībā un mūžizglītībā. 4. 4. EESK uzsver, ka ir ļoti svarīgi, lai nākamās programmas Erasmus budžets veicinātu dalībvalstu sadarbību ar mērķi uzlabot to izglītības un apmācības sistēmas saskaņā ar demokrātiski saskaņotiem politiskiem mērķiem un darbībām, par kurām Padome un Eiropas Parlaments ir apspriedušies un vienojušies, konsultējoties ar sociālajiem partneriem un EESK. Līdztekus lielākam budžetam ir vajadzīgs lielāks elastīgums un atbildība valstu līmenī. Tas attiecas uz mērķiem, kas ir saistīti ar saturu, piemēram, visām programmas izmaiņām, kuras veiktas, lai to saskaņotu ar pašreizējām un turpmākajām politiskajām un sociāli ekonomiskajām norisēm Eiropas Savienībā. 4. 5. EESK atbalsta to, ka Komisijas priekšlikums ļaus programmā piedalīties trešām valstīm, un uzskata to par turpmākas internacionalizācijas iespēju un veidu, kā stiprināt sadarbību starp dažādām izglītības iestādēm, kā arī jaunatnes un sporta organizācijām visā pasaulē, jo tas jauniešiem no partnervalstīm dos lielākas iespējas studēt un mācīties Eiropas Savienībā, un otrādi. Lai Eiropas izglītība iekarotu vietu pasaules izglītības arēnā, ir jāgādā par to, lai šiem dalībniekiem būtu vienkāršāka piekļuve un pietiekams administratīvs, finansiāls un sociāls atbalsts. 4. 6. EESK atzinīgi vērtē to, ka priekšlikumā lielāka nozīme ir piešķirta virtuālās sadarbības rīkiem, un piekrīt, ka tādi risinājumi kā jaukta mobilitāte, kas arī ir izcelti priekšlikumā, ir lielisks veids, kā atvieglot piekļuvi grupām, kurām fiziska mobilitāte rada īpašas grūtības, piemēram, attālu reģionu iedzīvotājiem, ģimenes aprūpētājiem vai cilvēkiem ar invaliditāti. Šie rīki var palīdzēt veidot ciešāku transnacionālo sadarbību un sakarus un sagatavot un ievirzīt nākamos dalībniekus. Tomēr EESK uzsver, ka virtuāli rīki arī turpmāk būtu jāizmanto kā papildinājums fiziskai pieredzei un nedrīkstētu to aizstāt. Prioritāte jāpiešķir investīcijām kvalitatīvā fiziskā mobilitātē. 4. 7. EESK ierosina priekšlikumā minēt birokrātiskos šķēršļus, kas var rasties, kad grupas, kurās ietilpst izglītojamie ar dažādu valstspiederību un statusu, vēlas piedalīties mobilitātes iniciatīvā, jo īpaši tad, ja galamērķa valsts nav ES dalībvalsts (piemēram, dažādas prasības attiecībā uz vīzu vai piekļuves ierobežojumi dažādu valstu pilsoņiem). 4. 8. EESK uzskata, ka programmas nosaukumam ir ļoti svarīga nozīme un ir jānodrošina, lai sabiedrībai būtu skaidrs priekšstats par jomām, ko programma atbalsta, un ka tā aptver ne tikai augstāko izglītību, bet visus izglītības posmus un mācību veidus, jo puse no programmas Erasmus finansējuma tiek novirzīta izglītības un apmācības, pieaugušo izglītības, kā arī jaunatnes un sporta veicināšanai, tādējādi sniedzot jauniešiem un personālam iespēju pavadīt laiku ārzemēs. Tomēr pašreiz, kad nosaukumā vairs nebūs zīmes “+” (kas simbolizē faktu, ka visas programmas ir apvienotas zem viena jumta), programma riskē zaudēt dalībniekus, kas nepieder augstākās izglītības jomai. Tāpēc EESK ierosina saglabāt nosaukumu Erasmus+. 4. 9. EESK piekrīt tam, ka ir palielināts mērķu skaits pieaugušo izglītības un tālākas profesionālās izglītības un apmācības (PIA) jomā, un ierosina gādāt par to, ka darbības jomas paplašinājums atspoguļojas finansējuma piešķīrumā. EESK norāda, ka pieaugušo izglītība attiecas arī uz sociāli ekonomiski nelabvēlīgā situācijā esošiem cilvēkiem, tostarp bēgļiem. Tāpēc EESK pauž bažas, ka pieaugušo izglītībai un mazkvalificētu pieaugušo atbalstam atkal tiks piešķirta budžeta mazākā daļa. EESK apšauba, ka šī summa kopā ar jaunā Eiropas Sociālā fonda+ budžetu būs pietiekama, lai palīdzētu 70 miljoniem mazkvalificētu pieaugušo, kas jāintegrē darba tirgū, kam jāsaglabā savas darbvietas un kas jāatbalsta profesionālu pārmaiņu laikā. 4. 10. EESK atzinīgi vērtē centienus palielināt profesionālās izglītības un apmācības budžetu, tomēr norāda, ka nav paredzēti nekādi konkrēti pasākumi, lai nodrošinātu kvalitatīvāku, pievilcīgāku, pieejamāku un iekļaujošāku profesionālo izglītību un apmācību. Tajā pašā laikā jāuzlabo profesionālās izglītības un apmācības iestāžu audzēkņu un mācekļu mobilitāte (līdz šim tikai 1 % Eiropas mācekļu ir izvēlējies doties uz ārzemēm mācību laikā – mērķis līdz 2020. gadam ir 6 % (8)) saskaņā ar Padomes Ieteikumu par Eiropas satvaru kvalitatīvai un rezultatīvai māceklībai (EFQEA) (9), Eiropas kredītpunktu sistēmu profesionālās izglītības un apmācības jomā (ECVET) un Eiropas kvalitātes nodrošināšanas pamatprincipu ietvarstruktūru profesionālajai izglītībai un apmācībām (EQAVET). 4. 11. EESK vēlas redzēt, kā praksē tiek īstenota mūžizglītības pieeja, un uzskata, ka lielāks uzsvars būtu jāliek uz starpnozaru sadarbību (2. pamatdarbība), piešķirot pietiekamu budžetu liela mēroga politikas projektu īstenošanai, jo to potenciāls ir augsts gan valstu, gan ES līmenī, kā minēts EESK informatīvajā ziņojumā par programmu Erasmus+ (10). 4. 12. EESK arī atzinīgi vērtē sākotnējas un tālākas profesionālās attīstības veicināšanai paredzētā budžeta palielinājumu personālam, jo īpaši skolotāju un apmācītāju mobilitātei. Skolotāju, apmācītāju un citu (izglītības jomas) darbinieku mobilitāte ir būtiska, lai uzlabotu izglītības un apmācības kvalitāti. Tā arī veicina būtisku starptautisko sadarbību starp izglītības iestādēm un citām organizācijām, kā arī to internacionalizāciju. EESK uzskata, ka priekšlikumā varētu paredzēt papildu atbalstu skolotājiem, apmācītājiem, citiem (izglītības jomas) darbiniekiem, augstskolu profesoriem un pētniekiem, kas mobilitātes periodu laikā jāaizvieto ar citiem darbiniekiem. Būtu jāatbalsta viņu iespējas mācīties valodas, un viņu mobilitātes atvaļinājums būtu jāuzskata par daļu no viņu darba un jāatzīst par tālāku personīgo un profesionālo attīstību. 4. 13. EESK uzskata, ka nākamā programma ir jāizplata un jāatbalsta gan karjeras attīstības atbalsta dienestiem izglītības un apmācības iestādēs, gan arī nodarbinātības dienestiem, un tā vairāk jāpopularizē plašsaziņas līdzekļu kampaņās, lai sasniegtu plašākas mērķgrupas. 4. 14. EES ierosina regulā norādīt, ka budžeta piešķīrumu un konkrētas dotācijas ir svarīgi sasaistīt ar stingrām kvalitātes novērtēšanas procedūrām un mācību rezultātu aprakstu. Priekšlikumā īpašs uzsvars būtu jāliek arī uz ārzemēs un tiešsaistē gūtās izglītības un apmācības validēšanu un atzīšanu. Tādēļ priekšlikumā būtu jāatsaucas uz Padomes Ieteikumu par ikdienējās un neformālās mācīšanās validēšanu (11) , EFQEA (12), Boloņas procesu un tā pamatvērtībām, kā arī valstu kredītpunktu sistēmām, tādiem Eiropas rīkiem un instrumentiem kā Eiropas kvalifikāciju ietvarstruktūra (EQF), Eiropas augstākās izglītības kvalitātes nodrošināšanas reģistrs (EQAR), ECVET un EQAVET. 4. 15. Programmai Erasmus+ ir ļoti svarīga nozīme jaunatnes organizāciju centienu un ikdienas darba veicināšanā, jo īpaši tāpēc, ka tā ļauj atbalstīt neformālo un ikdienējo mācīšanos, kā arī pilnveidot darbu ar jaunatni. Tāpēc priekšlikums nākamajā programmā atstāt jaunatnei paredzēto nodaļu kā atsevišķu elementu ir vērtējams atzinīgi. Cenšoties uzrunāt vairāk jauniešu, jo īpaši tos, kam ir mazāk iespēju, jāievēro, ka jaunatnes nodaļā paredzētās darbības ir izšķirošas, lai palīdzētu sasniegt šīs mērķgrupas. No pašreizējās programmas vidusposma novērtējuma izriet, ka jaunatnei paredzētajā nodaļā minētās darbības (kurās tiek izmantota iekļaujošas un neformālas mācīšanās pieejas) vissekmīgāk ir palīdzējušas sasniegt jauniešus, kam ir mazāk iespēju. Tas jāņem vērā, nosakot finansējuma piešķīrumu dažādām nodaļām. Tāpēc jaunatnes nodaļā jābūt piekļuvei labākam finansējumam. Būtu jāapsver arī iespēja piešķirt dotācijas plaša mēroga Eiropas jaunatnes pasākumiem (dotācijas tiem aprēķinot nevis pēc dalībnieku skaita, bet gan piešķirot par konkrētu pasākumu), jo tādējādi ar Erasmus+ varētu sasniegt daudz vairāk jauniešu. 4. 16. Eiropas Brīvprātīgo dienests (EVS) – kas bija nozīmīga daļa no iepriekšējās programmas Erasmus+ – tagad vairs programmā neietilpst. Tā kā šīs darbības tagad tiks īstenotas nevis saskaņā ar programmu Erasmus+, bet saskaņā ar Eiropas Solidaritātes korpusa iniciatīvu, būtu jāturpina pilnveidot un precizēt saiknes starp abām programmām. 4. 17. EESK pauž bažas par izglītības komponentu trūkumu iniciatīvā DiscoverEU. Programmas Erasmus+ pamatā ir mobilitāte, un tai ir spēcīgs mācību komponents. Ja tā trūkst, iniciatīvu nevar uzskatīt par programmas Erasmus+ daļu. Tas, ka jaunieši saņem atbalstu, lai varētu apceļot Eiropas kontinentu, ir vērtējams atzinīgi, ņemot vērā pievienoto vērtību, ko tas nodrošina attiecībā uz dažādu valstu, cilvēku, valodu, kultūru utt. iepazīšanu. Tomēr DiscoverEU rada iespaidu, ka tā ir iniciatīva, kas galvenokārt sniedz priekšrocības priviliģētiem jauniešiem. Tā sedz tikai ceļa izdevumus, tādējādi liedzot piedalīties nelabvēlīgā situācijā esošiem jauniešiem, kas nevar atļauties ceļot. Turklāt papildus būs jāprecizē jaunatnes organizāciju nozīme šīs darbības īstenošanā. Lai šī iniciatīva būtu tiešām jēgpilna un vērtīga, tajā ir jābūt izglītības komponentam un tai ir patiesi jāaptver visi jaunieši. 4. 18. Īpaši ir vajadzīgs vienkāršot un racionalizēt pieteikumus projektiem nākamās programmas Erasmus ietvaros. EESK informatīvajā ziņojumā par programmas Erasmus+ vidusposma novērtējumu (13) un sociālo partneru pētījumā (14) secināts, ka programmā nav ņemtas vērā visu lielumu un veidu organizācijas no visiem ES ģeogrāfiskajiem apgabaliem un reģioniem. Tāpēc EESK atzinīgi vērtē priekšlikumā pausto labo nodomu piešķirt neliela apmēra finansiālu atbalstu, lai palīdzētu pretendentiem, kam nav pieredzes pieteikties programmai. Veicot vienkāršošanu, jānovērš nepareiza pārvaldība. Tāpēc EESK atzinīgi vērtē to, ka priekšlikumā ir uzsvērta neatkarīgas revīzijas iestādes nozīme valstu aģentūru darbības novērtēšanā. 4. 19. Attiecībā uz nodaļu “Jaunatne” ierosinātā terminoloģija, proti, “lielas” organizācijas iepretī “mazām”, finansējuma saņēmēju ziņā neatbilst realitātei. Tā vietā EESK iesaka jaunajā programmā piešķirt prioritāti “brīvprātīgo vadītām” darbībām un organizācijām, kur jauniešiem ir būtiska loma savā izglītības attīstībā. Turklāt vietējām jauniešu grupām būtu jādod iespēja reģistrēties par saņēmējiem kā neatkarīgām jauniešu grupām neatkarīgi no valsts līmeņa juridiskās personas statusa. Vietējām jauniešu grupām būtu jāsaņem vajadzīgās norādes no attiecīgajām valsts aģentūrām. Tas palīdzētu novirzīt finansējumu pašu jauniešu iniciatīvām un samazināt risku, ka liela daļa finansējuma nonāk pie profesionālajiem operatoriem, kā diemžēl ir noticis pašreizējā programmā un kas saņēma kritiku EESK konsultācijās par vidusposma pārskatu. 4. 20. Ļoti svarīga ir arī projektu popularizēšana un ilgtspējība. Priekšlikumam būtu jāsekmē pienācīga projektu rezultātu izplatīšana, labāko projektu turpināšana un koordinēta projektu iznākumu popularizēšana ES līmenī un ES mērogā. 4. 21. Gan formālajai, gan neformālajai izglītībai būtu jāatvēl vienāda apmēra darbības dotācijas. Tas stiprinātu papildināmību un dotu iespējas neformālās izglītības sektorā nodrošināt kvalitatīvas, pievilcīgas programmas. Turklāt darbības dotācijai jābūt samērojamai ar panākto ietekmi gan attiecībā uz programmas prioritātēm, gan saistībā ar Eiropas platformu darbības izmaksām. 4. 22. Turklāt EESK uzskata, ka nākamajā programmā vajadzētu būs iespējai Eiropas līmeņa projektus pieteikt centralizētā struktūrā, nevis valstu aģentūrās. C_2019062MT. 01019401. xml 15. 2. 2019 MT Il-Ġurnal Uffiċjali tal-Unjoni Ewropea C 62/194 Opinjoni tal-Kumitat Ekonomiku u Soċjali Ewropew dwar “Proposta għal Regolament tal-Parlament Ewropew u tal-Kunsill li jistabbilixxi ‘Erasmus’: il-programm tal-Unjoni għall-edukazzjoni, it-taħriġ, iż-żgħażagħ u l-isport u li jħassar ir-Regolament (UE) Nru 1288/2013” (COM(2018) 367 final — 2018/0191 (COD)) (2019/C 62/32) Relatur: Tatjana BABRAUSKIENĖ Korelatur: Imse SPRAGG NILSSON Konsultazzjoni Parlament Ewropew, 14. 6. 2018 Kunsill, 21. 6. 2018 Bażi legali L-Artikoli 165(4), 166(4) u 304 tat-Trattat dwar il-Funzjonament tal-Unjoni Ewropea Sezzjoni Kompetenti Sezzjoni Speċjalizzata għax-Xogħol, l-Affarijiet Soċjali u ċ-Ċittadinanza Adottata fis-sezzjoni 26. 9. 2018 Adottata fil-plenarja 17. 10. 2018 Sessjoni plenarja Nru 538 Riżultat tal-votazzjoni (favur/kontra/astensjonijiet) 186/3/1 1. Konklużjonijiet u rakkomandazzjonijiet Il-KESE: 1. 1. jilqa’ bi pjaċir l-objettiv tal-programm Erasmus li jmiss li jipprovdi lill-individwi bl-għarfien, il-ħiliet u l-kompetenzi meħtieġa sabiex jiffaċċjaw sfidi soċjali u ekonomiċi, u li jiffoka primarjament fuq iċ-ċittadini żgħażagħ Ewropej; 1. 2. jistenna li l-programm Erasmus futur se jqis l-edukazzjoni u t-taħriġ minn perspettiva olistika, fejn il-kompetenzi ewlenin (1) u l-ħiliet bażiċi għandhom rwol kruċjali flimkien ma’ titjib tal-ħiliet kontinwu bħala parti mit-tagħlim tul il-ħajja, b’attenzjoni speċjali fuq il-validazzjoni u r-rikonoxximent; 1. 3. jissuġġerixxi li l-isem jibqa’ l-istess u li jinżamm l-isem “Erasmus+”, peress li dan tal-aħħar jissimbolizza l-fatt li l-programmi kollha jinsabu taħt kappa waħda; 1. 4. jilqa’ bi pjaċir il-proposta li l-baġit tal-programm jirdoppja, iżda jitlob li dan jittripla, li jkun juri impenn akbar għall-iżvilupp edukattiv, professjonali u personali tal-persuni fl-edukazzjoni, it-taħriġ, iż-żgħażagħ u l-isport, sabiex tiġi żgurata l-inklużività u l-aċċess reali għal kulħadd; 1. 5. iqis li baġit ogħla għandu jiġi kkombinat ma’ aktar flessibbiltà u responsabbiltà fil-livell nazzjonali; 1. 6. jenfasizza l-fatt li l-azzjonijiet taħt il-kapitolu dwar iż-żgħażagħ preċedentement kien dak li l-aktar irnexxa biex jintlaħqu dawk b’inqas opportunitajiet u li dan jeħtieġ jiġi rifless fl-allokazzjoni tal-fondi; 1. 7. jitlob li DiscoverEU jkun fiha komponent ta’ tagħlim b’saħħtu jekk se tkun tagħmel parti mill-programm; 1. 8. jenfasizza li l-esperjenza fiżika ma għandhiex tingħata inqas importanza mill-għodod virtwali jew tiġi ssostitwita bihom iżda għandha tibqa’ komplementari għal tali għodod; 1. 9. jaqbel man-numru akbar ta’ objettivi dwar it-tagħlim għall-adulti u l-edukazzjoni u t-taħriġ vokazzjonali kontinwi (CVET), u jissuġġerixxi li l-ambitu mwessa’ jkun rifless fl-allokazzjoni tal-finanzjament; 1. 10. jitlob li jitpoġġa fokus aktar b’saħħtu fuq il-kooperazzjoni transsettorjali (KA2) fl-“approċċ tat-tagħlim tul il-ħajja”, b’baġit suffiċjenti għall-implimentazzjoni ta’ proġetti ta’ politika fuq skala kbira; 1. 11. jilqa’ bi pjaċir iż-żieda fil-baġit għall-persunal, b’mod partikolari għall-mobilità tal-għalliema u dawk li jħarrġu, biex tappoġġja l-iżvilupp professjonali inizjali u kontinwu tagħhom; 1. 12. jilqa’ bi pjaċir l-intenzjoni tajba tal-proposta li jingħataw għotjiet fuq skala żgħira li jappoġġjaw lil dawk li ma għandhomx esperjenza ta’ kif għandhom japplikaw għall-programm; 1. 13. jirrakkomanda li fil-kapitolu Żgħażagħ fil-programm il-ġdid tingħata prijorità għal attivitajiet u organizzazzjonijiet “immexxija mill-voluntiera” minflok l-użu tat-terminoloġija ta’“kbir” u “żgħir”. Barra minn hekk, jeħtieġ jiġu kkunsidrati għotjiet għal avvenimenti fuq skala kbira għaż-żgħażagħ Ewropej. 1. 14. jilqa’ bi pjaċir ukoll il-fatt li l-proposta tenfasizza l-importanza ta’ korp tal-awditjar indipendenti fil-valutazzjoni tal-prestazzjoni tal-aġenziji nazzjonali; 1. 15. jemmen li l-programm li jmiss jeħtieġ li jinfirex u jiġi promoss mis-servizzi ta’ gwida għall-karrieri fl-istituzzjonijiet edukattivi u ta’ taħriġ, s-servizzi ta’ impjieg u organizzazzjonijiet oħrajn, sabiex jintlaħqu gruppi destinatarji aktar mifruxin; 1. 16. iqis li l-proposta għandha tħeġġeġ it-tixrid tar-riżultati tal-proġetti fil-livell tal-UE u madwar l-UE u l-kontinwazzjoni tal-proġetti li taw prova li huma eċċellenti; 1. 17. jenfasizza l-ħtieġa assoluta li l-kumitat permanenti li jirregola l-programm jagħti lill-partijiet interessati u lill-imsieħba soċjali rilevanti kollha fil-livell Ewropew pożizzjoni permanenti fl-istruttura tiegħu. 1. 18. jilqa’ bi pjaċir l-attivitajiet ta’ parteċipazzjoni taż-żgħażagħ. Dan huwa format li tqies ta’ suċċess kbir taħt il-programm “żgħażagħ fl-azzjoni” (li dak iż-żmien kien magħruf bħala inizjattivi dwar iż-żgħażagħ), li jippermetti liż-żgħażagħ mhux organizzati jieħdu sehem fil-programm. 2. Introduzzjoni 2. 1. Wara l-programm finanzjarju tal-UE li jappoġġja l-edukazzjoni, it-taħriġ, iż-żgħażagħ u l-isports permezz tal-programm Erasmus+ attwali (2014-2020), il-Kummissjoni Ewropea ppubblikat il-ġenerazzjoni li jmiss tal-programm bl-isem “Erasmus” bħala parti mill-Qafas Finanzjarju Pluriennali 2021-2027. 2. 2. Il-programm Erasmus+ preċedenti kkontribwixxa biex jiġu appoġġjati l-edukazzjoni u t-taħriġ fil-livelli Ewropej, nazzjonali, reġjonali u lokali, biex jitrawwem sens ta’ appartenenza għall-UE (l-“identità Ewropea” fid-diversità kollha tagħha), u biex jitrawmu fehim reċiproku, ċittadinanza demokratika, integrazzjoni Ewropea u ġustizzja soċjali, integrazzjoni fis-suq tax-xogħol, u, konsegwentement, anke tkabbir ekonomiku. 2. 3. L-intenzjoni hi li l-ġenerazzjoni li jmiss tal-programm, b’baġit irduppjat, tiġi msaħħa u estiża billi tilħaq numru akbar ta’ gruppi destinatarji, tkun aktar inklużiva, tappoġġja proġetti fuq skala żgħira u tinvolvi organizzazzjonijiet li ma għandhomx esperjenza ta’ kif japplikaw il-programm. Dan se jibqa’ jkopri skejjel, edukazzjoni u taħriġ vokazzjonali, edukazzjoni għolja u tagħlim għall-adulti, inkluż tagħlim mhux formali u informali u attivitajiet volontarji, u żgħażagħ u sport, iżda b’mod aktar issemplifikat, li jibni fuq l-evalwazzjoni ta’ nofs it-terminu u l-konsultazzjonijiet tal-partijiet interessati. 3. Kummenti Ġenerali 3. 1. Il-KESE jinnota li edukazzjoni ta’ kwalità, taħriġ u mobilità għat-tagħlim għandhom ikunu aċċessibbli għal kulħadd. L-impenn tal-programm Erasmus ġdid għall-inklużività u l-ugwaljanza bħala għanijiet essenzjali huwa kruċjali. Attwalment, l-istatistika turi li l-maġġoranza tal-istudenti mobbli tal-edukazzjoni għolja ġejjin minn sfondi familjari soċjoekonomiċi u akkademiċi privileġġjati (2). L-insuffiċjenza tal-għotjiet Erasmus ipprovduti lil studenti tal-edukazzjoni għolja li jistudjaw barra mill-pajjiż u l-għoli tal-ħajja f’pajjiż ieħor issemmew minn 63 % ta’ studenti mhux mobbli fl-2016 bħala l-ostakli ewlenin għall-parteċipazzjoni fi programmi ta’ skambju Erasmus fil-livell universitarju (3). L-appoġġ finanzjarju limitat tal-programm ikkontribwixxa għal diskrepanza kbira fl-aċċess bejn l-istudenti li ġejjin minn sfondi soċjoekonomiċi differenti. 3. 2. Il-programm Erasmus li jmiss huwa essenzjali biex isaħħaħ fehim reċiproku u sens ta’ appartenenza għall-UE, biex itejjeb il-ħiliet u l-kompetenzi taż-żgħażagħ sabiex b’hekk ikunu jistgħu jaġixxu bħala ċittadini demokratiċi u jkollhom opportunitajiet aħjar fis-suq tax-xogħol. Dan huwa kruċjali sabiex jappoġġja l-inklużività u l-valuri komuni Ewropej, biex irawwem l-integrazzjoni soċjali, itejjeb l-fehim interkulturali u jippreveni r-radikalizzazzjoni permezz tal-parteċipazzjoni taż-żgħażagħ fil-proċessi demokratiċi, bl-għajnuna tal-mobilità għat-tagħlim u l-kooperazzjoni fost iċ-ċittadini Ewropej, l-istituzzjonijiet tal-edukazzjoni u t-taħriġ, l-organizzazzjonijiet, il-partijiet interessati u l-Istati Membri, li lkoll huma ta’ importanza kruċjali għall-ġejjieni tal-Unjoni. 3. 3. Il-KESE jilqa’ l-objettiv tal-programm Erasmus li jmiss, biex jgħammar liċ-ċittadini żgħażagħ Ewropej bħala benefiċjarji futuri bl-għarfien, il-ħiliet u l-kompetenzi meħtieġa għall-parteċipazzjoni fis-suq tax-xogħol li dejjem qed jinbidel, kif ukoll biex jiġu ttrattati l-isfidi soċjali, ekonomiċi u ambjentali. Dan se jirrikjedi li s-sistemi edukattivi jiġu mmodernizzati, isiru aċċessibbli u xierqa għall-era diġitali, u li l-istudenti jkunu mħejjija aħjar biex isiru ċittadini attivi demokratikament u kandidati b’saħħithom għal impjieg ta’ kwalità u impjiegi ġusti. 3. 4. Il-KESE jistenna li l-programm Erasmus futur se jqis l-edukazzjoni u t-taħriġ minn perspettiva olistika, fejn il-kompetenzi ewlenin u l-ħiliet bażiċi, b’mod partikolari “STEAM” (4), ikollhom rwol kruċjali flimkien ma’ titjib tal-ħiliet kontinwu bħala parti mit-tagħlim tul il-ħajja. Primarjament, dan għandu jappoġġja ċ-ċittadinanza demokratika u l-valuri komuni Ewropej sabiex jiżgura l-paċi, is-sigurtà, il-libertà, id-demokrazija, l-ugwaljanza, l-istat tad-dritt, is-solidarjetà u r-rispett reċiproku u jikkontribwixxi għas-swieq miftuħa, it-tkabbir sostenibbli u l-inklużjoni u l-ġustizzja soċjali, filwaqt li jirrispetta u jarrikkixxi sens ta’ appartenenza u diversità kulturali. 3. 5. Fir-rigward tal-objettiv ta’ politika, il-KESE jappoġġja l-fatt li r-Regolament huwa bbażat fuq il-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjali (EPSR). Il-KESE jemmen li l-programm Erasmus li jmiss għandu jservi bħala għodda biex jiġi implimentat l-ewwel prinċipju tal-Pilastru sabiex jiġi żgurat li l-edukazzjoni, it-taħriġ u t-tagħlim tul il-ħajja ta’ kwalità u inklużivi jkunu drittijiet għal kulħadd. 3. 6. Il-KESE jappoġġja wkoll il-fatt li r-Regolament huwa bbażat fuq il-Karta tad-Drittijiet Fundamentali tal-UE (5) sabiex jiżgura d-dritt ta’ ugwaljanza u aċċess għal kulħadd. Il-KESE jitlob li r-Regolament finali jenfasizza aktar li t-trattament indaqs, il-ġustizzja u l-bilanċ bejn is-sessi huma applikabbli u msaħħa permezz tal-programm. 3. 7. Filwaqt li huwa ċar li l-programm Erasmus ġdid qies “persuni b’diżabilitajiet u migranti kif ukoll ċittadini tal-Unjoni li jgħixu f’żoni remoti”, il-KESE jappella biex id-dispożizzjoni ta’ assistenza personali u appoġġ finanzjarju speċifiċi lil persuni b’diżabbiltà tiġi ggarantita fl-allokazzjoni tal-baġit, b’rispett għall-Konvenzjoni dwar id-Drittijiet ta’ Persuni b’Diżabilità (CRPD) (6). 3. 8. Aktar assistenza finanzjarja liż-żgħażagħ kollha hija meħtieġa sabiex tiġi appoġġjata l-mobilità għat-tagħlim tagħhom u sabiex il-persuni li ġejjin minn sfondi soċjoekonomikament żvantaġġjati, inklużi l-migranti li jkunu għadhom kemm waslu, jingħataw aktar opportunitajiet biex jaċċessaw edukazzjoni u taħriġ ta’ kwalità u biex tiġi promossa l-inklużjoni tagħhom fis-soċjetà. 3. 9. Filwaqt li jitqies il-fatt li l-Karta tad-Drittijiet Fundamentali tal-UE tipprevedi t-trattament ġust ta’ kulħadd (mhux biss taċ-ċittadini tal-UE), il-migranti, ir-refuġjati u l-persuni li jfittxu l-asil jeħtieġu wkoll appoġġ sabiex jiksbu rikonoxximent għal-livelli ta’ edukazzjoni u ta’ taħriġ tagħhom u sabiex jingħataw aktar taħriġ sabiex jiġu integrati fis-sistema tal-edukazzjoni u s-suq tax-xogħol tal-UE. 3. 10. Il-KESE jilqa’ bi pjaċir ukoll il-fatt li l-programm Erasmus li jmiss se jiffoka fuq l-implimentazzjoni tad- Dikjarazzjoni ta’ Pariġi dwar il-promozzjoni taċ-ċittadinanza u l-valuri komuni tal-libertà, it-tolleranza u n-nondiskriminazzjoni permezz tal-edukazzjoni (7), peress li l-prevenzjoni tal-estremiżmu u tar-radikalizzazzjoni fl-Ewropa issa hija aktar importanti minn qatt qabel. 4. Kummenti speċifiċi 4. 1. Il-KESE jissottolinja l-importanza tal-komplementarjetà tal-programm mal-objettivi u l-attivitajiet politiċi tal-Istati Membri u tal-Unjoni. Fost l-objettivi politiċi li għandu jimplimenta l-programm hemm iż-Żona Ewropea tal-Edukazzjoni, l-Istrateġija tal-UE għaż-Żgħażagħ u l-Qafas Strateġiku tal-Edukazzjoni u t-Taħriġ futur bl-aġendi strutturali tiegħu, kif ukoll spjega ta’ kif il-programm se jappoġġja lill-Istati Membri, lill-imsieħba soċjali u lil partijiet interessati oħra biex jilħqu l-indikaturi u l-punti ta’ riferiment ta’ dawn l-istrateġiji futuri. 4. 2. Il-KESE jitlob li l-baġit tal-Erasmus jittripla, li jkun juri impenn akbar għall-mobilità għat-tagħlim u l-ħtieġa li jsir investiment fil-koeżjoni soċjali, il-valuri Ewropej, l-integrazzjoni u ċ-ċittadinanza. Il-programm il-ġdid Erasmus se jkollu jkopri l-għanijiet ta’ politika addizzjonali, kif imsemmi hawn fuq. Dawk li jfasslu l-politika għandhom jiżguraw li dan ma jirriżultax f’rati baxxi ta’ suċċess inaċċettabbli f’partijiet tal-programm, kif ġara fil-programmi preċedenti. 4. 3. Il-KESE jqis li l-programm Erasmus li jmiss jeħtieġ li jkun komplementari għal fondi u programmi oħra tal-Unjoni, speċjalment għall-FSE+ futur. Fl-istess ħin, il-KESE jixtieq jenfasizza li l-baġits nazzjonali tal-edukazzjoni, tat-taħriġ, taż-żgħażagħ u tal-isport jeħtieġ li huma stess ikunu sostenibbli u li l-baġit tal-programm Erasmus ma għandux jintuża biex jelimina d-diskrepanza tagħhom fl-investiment. Il-proċess tas-Semestru Ewropew jeħtieġ jibqa’ jkollu rwol attiv sabiex jiżgura investiment nazzjonali ġust u sostenibbli fl-edukazzjoni, fit-taħriġ u fit-tagħlim tul il-ħajja. 4. 4. Il-KESE jenfasizza l-importanza li l-baġit għall-programm Erasmus li jmiss jippromovi kooperazzjoni fost l-Istati Membri sabiex itejbu s-sistemi tal-edukazzjoni u tat-taħriġ tagħhom f’konformità mal-objettivi u l-attivitajiet politiċi diskussi maqbula demokratikament u miftiehma mill-Kunsill u l-Parlament Ewropew f’konsultazzjoni mal-imsieħba soċjali u l-KESE. Baġit akbar għandu jkun ikkombinat ma’ aktar flessibbiltà u responsabbiltà fil-livell nazzjonali. Dan jgħodd għal objettivi relatati mal-kontenut, bħal kwalunkwe modifika fil-programm li ssir sabiex jiġi allinjat mal-iżviluppi politiċi u soċjoekonomiċi attwali u futuri fl-Ewropa. 4. 5. Il-KESE jappoġġja l-fatt li l-proposta tal-Kummissjoni se tippermetti lill-pajjiżi terzi jipparteċipaw fil-programm, u dan iqisu bħala opportunità għal aktar internalizzazzjoni u bħala mod biex tissaħħaħ il-kooperazzjoni fost istituzzjonijiet edukattivi differenti kif ukoll fost organizzazzjonijiet taż-żgħażagħ u tal-isport madwar id-dinja kollha, peress li dan se jipprovdi aktar opportunitajiet liż-żgħażagħ f’pajjiżi msieħba biex jistudjaw u jitħarrġu fl-Ewropa u viċi versa. Aċċess aktar faċli u appoġġ amministrattiv, finanzjarju u soċjali suffiċjenti lil dawn il-parteċipanti huma meħtieġa sabiex jiġi żgurat post għall-edukazzjoni Ewropea fix-xena tal-edukazzjoni globali. 4. 6. Il-KESE jirrikonoxxi r-rilevanza akbar attribwita għall-għodod għal kooperazzjoni virtwali u jaqbel li l-għażliet bħall-mobilità mħallta, kif enfasizzat ukoll fil-proposta, huma mod tajjeb ħafna biex jiġi ffaċilitat l-aċċess għall-gruppi li jiffaċċjaw ostakli partikolari għall-mobilità fiżika bħal dawk li jgħixu f’żoni remoti, dawk li jieħdu ħsieb il-familja jew persuni b’diżabilità. Dawn l-għodod għandhom il-potenzjal li jsaħħu l-kooperazzjoni u l-komunikazzjoni transnazzjonali u jgħinu biex iħejju u jiggwidaw lill-parteċipanti futuri. Madankollu, il-KESE jenfasizza li l-għodod virtwali ma għandhomx jissostitwixxu l-esperjenza fiżika u li dawn għandhom jibqgħu komplementari għaliha. Għandha tingħata prijorità lill-investiment f’mobilità fiżika ta’ kwalità. 4. 7. Il-KESE jissuġġerixxi li l-proposta tirreferi għal ostakli burokratiċi li jistgħu jinqalgħu meta gruppi ta’ studenti ta’ nazzjonalitajiet u status differenti jkunu jridu jipparteċipaw f’inizjattiva ta’ mobilità; b’mod partikolari, jekk il-pajjiz ta’ destinazzjoni jkun pajjiż mhux tal-UE (eż. rekwiżiti tal-viża differenti jew restrizzjonijiet ta’ aċċess għal nazzjonalitajiet differenti). 4. 8. Il-KESE jemmen li l-isem tal-programm huwa ta’ importanza kruċjali u li huwa meħtieġ li jiġi żgurat li l-pubbliku ġenerali jkollu fehim ċar ta’ dak li l-programm jappoġġja u li dan ikopri l-fażijiet kollha tal-edukazzjoni u tal-forom ta’ tagħlim, u mhux biss l-edukazzjoni għolja, peress li nofs il-finanzjament tal-Erasmus imur għall-promozzjoni tal-edukazzjoni u t-taħriġ, it-tagħlim għall-adulti u l-appoġġ liż-żgħażagħ u l-isport, u b’hekk iż-żgħażagħ u l-persunal ikunu jistgħu jqattgħu perjodu ta’ żmien barra mill-pajjiż. Madankollu, issa li s-sinjal “+” li jissimbolizza l-fatt li l-programmi kollha jitpoġġew taħt kappa waħda se jgħib mill-isem, il-programm jidħol f’riskju li “jitlef” atturi barra mis-settur tal-edukazzjoni għolja. Il-KESE għalhekk jissuġġerixxi li l-isem “Erasmus +” jibqa’. 4. 9. Il-KESE jaqbel mal-għadd akbar ta’ objettivi dwar it-tagħlim għall-adulti u l-edukazzjoni u t-taħriġ vokazzjonali kontinwi (CVET), u jissuġġerixxi li l-ambitu mwessa’ jkun rifless fl-allokazzjoni tal-finanzjament. Il-KESE jirrimarka li t-tagħlim għall-adulti jindirizza wkoll lill-persuni soċjoekonomikament żvantaġġjati, inklużi r-refuġjati. Għaldaqstant, il-KESE huwa mħasseb li għal darb’oħra t-tagħlim għall-adulti u l-appoġġ lill-adulti b’livell baxx ta’ ħiliet se jiġu allokati l-iżgħar perċentwal tal-baġit. Il-KESE jiddubita jekk dan l-ammont, flimkien mal-baġit FSE+ futur, hux se jkun biżżejjed biex jappoġġja s-70 miljun adult b’livell baxx ta’ ħiliet li jeħtieġ li jiġu integrati fis-suq tax-xogħol, sabiex iżommu l-impjiegi tagħhom, u sabiex jiġu appoġġjati fit-tranżizzjoni tagħhom bejn l-impjiegi. 4. 10. Filwaqt li l-KESE japprezza l-isforzi magħmula biex jiżdied il-baġit ETV, għandu jiġi nnotat li mhuma previsti l-ebda miżuri partikolari biex jipprovdu ETV ta’ kwalità ogħla, attraenti, aċċessibbli u inklużiva. Fl-istess ħin, il-mobbiltà għall-istudenti tal-ETV u tal-apprendistati għandhom jitjiebu (1 % biss tal-apprendisti Ewropej – il-mira għall-2020 hija 6 % – attwalment qed jagħżlu għal soġġorn barra mill-pajjiż matul it-taħriġ tagħhom (8)) skont ir-Rakkomandazzjoni tal-Kunsill dwar Qafas Ewropew għal Apprendistati ta’ Kwalità u Effettivi (EFQEA) (9), is-Sistema Ewropea ta’ Kredits għall-Edukazzjoni u t-Taħriġ Vokazzjonali (ECVET) u l-Qafas ta’ Referenza Ewropew għall-Assigurazzjoni tal-Kwalità għall-Edukazzjoni u t-Taħriġ Vokazzjonali (EQAVET). 4. 11. Il-KESE jixtieq jara kif l-“approċċ ta’ tagħlim tul il-ħajja” jitpoġġa fil-prattika u jemmen li għandu jkun hemm fokus aktar b’saħħtu fuq il-kooperazzjoni transsettorjali (KA2), b’baġit suffiċjenti għall-implimentazzjoni ta’ proġetti ta’ politika fuq skala kbira, minħabba l-potenzjal kbir tagħhom kemm fil-livell nazzjonali kif ukoll fil-livell tal-UE, kif muri fir-Rapport ta’ Informazzjoni tal-KESE dwar Erasmus+ (10). 4. 12. Il-KESE jilqa’ bi pjaċir ukoll iż-żieda fil-baġit għall-persunal, b’mod partikolari għall-mobilità tal-għalliema u ta’ dawk li jħarrġu, biex jappoġġja l-iżvilupp professjonali inizjali u kontinwu tagħhom. Il-mobilità tal-għalliema, ta’ dawk li jħarrġu u ta’ persunal ieħor (fil-qasam edukattiv) hija essenzjali biex tgħin tittejjeb il-kwalità tal-edukazzjoni u t-taħriġ. Din trawwem ukoll kooperazzjoni internazzjonali essenzjali fost l-istituzzjonijiet edukattivi u organizzazzjonijiet oħra kif ukoll l-internazzjonalizzazzjoni tagħhom. Il-KESE jemmen li l-proposta tista’ tipprovdi aktar appoġġ lill-għalliema, lil dawk li jħarrġu, lil persunal (edukattiv) ieħor, lill-professuri tal-universitajiet u lir-riċerkaturi li jeħtieġ li jiġu ssostitwiti fl-impjieg tagħhom meta jipparteċipaw f’perjodi ta’ mobilità. Dawn għandhom jingħataw appoġġ għat-tagħlim tal-lingwi, u l-liv ta’ mobilità tagħhom jeħtieġ li jitqies bħala parti mill-impjieg tagħhom u l-iżvilupp personali u professjonali kontinwu rikonoxxut tagħhom. 4. 13. Il-KESE jemmen li l-programm Erasmus li jmiss jeħtieġ jiġi mifrux u appoġġjat mis-servizzi ta’ gwida għall-karrieri fl-istituzzjonijiet edukattivi u ta’ taħriġ, s-servizzi ta’ impjieg u organizzazzjonijiet oħrajn, kif ukoll jidher aktar fil-kampanji tal-midja sabiex jintlaħqu gruppi destinatarji aktar mifruxa; 4. 14. Il-KESE jissuġġerixxi li r-Regolament isemmi l-importanza li l-allokazzjoni tal-baġit u l-għotjiet konkreti jkunu konnessi ma’ proċeduri ta’ valutazzjoni ta’ kwalità stretti u ma’ deskrizzjoni tal-eżiti tat-tagħlim. Il-proposta għandha tpoġġi wkoll enfasi speċjali fuq il-validazzjoni u r-rikonoxximent tal-edukazzjoni u ta’ taħriġ barra mill-pajjiż u onlajn. B’hekk, il-proposta għandha tagħmel referenza għar-Rakkomandazzjoni tal-Kunsill dwar il-validazzjoni tat-tagħlim mhux formali u informali (11), l-EFQEA (12), il-Proċess ta’ Bolonja u l-valuri fundamentali tagħha u s-sistemi nazzjonali tal-krediti, għodod u strumenti Ewropej bħall-Qafas Ewropew tal-Kwalifiki (QEK), ir-Reġistru Ewropew għall-Assigurazzjoni tal-Kwalità fl-Edukazzjoni Għolja (EQAR), l-ECVET u l-EQAVET. 4. 15. Il-programm Erasmus+ huwa element kruċjali bħala appoġġ għall-isforzi u l-ħidma ta’ kuljum tal-organizzazzjonijiet taż-żgħażagħ, speċjalment l-appoġġ għal Tagħlim Mhux Formali u Informali kif ukoll l-iżvilupp ta’ Ħidma fost iż-Żgħażagħ. Għalhekk, għandha tintlaqa’ tajjeb il-proposta li l-kapitolu dwar iż-żgħażagħ jibqa’ entità separata fil-programm li jmiss. Minkejja dan, sabiex jintlaħqu aktar iż-żgħażagħ, u speċjalment dawk b’inqas opportunitajiet, l-attivitajiet taħt il-kapitolu dwar iż-żgħażagħ huma kruċjali biex jintlaħqu dawn il-miri. Skont l-evalwazzjoni interim tal-programm attwali, l-azzjonijiet taħt il-kapitolu dwar iż-żgħażagħ, li japplikaw approċċi ta’ tagħlim inklużivi u mhux formali, kienu l-aktar ta’ suċċess biex jilħqu liż-żgħażagħ b’inqas opportunitajiet. Dan għandu jitqies meta jkun qed jiġi allokat il-finanzjament għal kapitoli differenti. Il-kapitolu taż-żgħażagħ jeħtieġ għaldaqstant ikollu aċċess għal finanzjament aħjar. Barra minn hekk, jeħtieġ jiġu kkunsidrati għotjiet għal avvenimenti fuq skala kbira għaż-żgħażagħ Ewropej (permezz ta’offerta ta’ għotja “għal kull avveniment” aktar milli għotjiet “per capita” għal avvenimenti bħal dawn), peress li dan ikun iżid b’mod sinifikanti l-għadd ta’ żgħażagħ li jintlaħqu mill-Erasmus+. 4. 16. Is-Servizz Volontarju Ewropew (SVE) – li hu parti importanti mill-programm Erasmus preċedenti – issa tneħħa. Peress li l-attivitajiet issa għandhom jaqgħu taħt il-mandat tal-Korp Ewropew ta’ Solidarjetà u mhux tal-Erasmus+, ir-rabtiet bejn dawn iż-żewġ programmi għandhom jiġu żviluppati u ċċarati aktar. 4. 17. Il-KESE huwa mħasseb dwar in-nuqqas ta’ komponenti edukattivi f’DiscoverEU. Il-qalba tal-programm Erasmus+ hija l-mobilità u dan għandu komponent ta’ tagħlim b’saħħtu. Jekk dan ikun nieqes allura ma jkunx jappartjeni għal Erasmus+. Barra minn hekk, huwa fatt pożittiv li ż-żgħażagħ huma appoġġjati fl-esplorazzjoni tal-kontinent Ewropew, minħabba l-valur miżjud li dan jirrappreżenta fir-rigward tat-tagħlim dwar pajjiżi, persuni, lingwi, kulturi differenti eċċ. Madankollu DiscoverEU tagħti l-impressjoni li hija inizjattiva li primarjament tibbenefika liż-żgħażagħ privileġġjati. Hija tkopri biss l-ispejjeż tal-ivvjaġġar u għalhekk teskludi liż-żgħażagħ żvantaġġjati li ma jistgħux jaffordjaw li jivvjaġġaw. Barra minn hekk, ir-rwol tal-organizzazzjonijiet taż-żgħażagħ fl-implimentazzjoni ta’ din l-azzjoni se jirrikjedi aktar spjegazzjoni. Sabiex din l-inizjattiva ssir tassew sinifikanti u ta’ valur, jeħtieġ li jkollha komponent edukattiv u tinkludi ġenwinament liż-żgħażagħ kollha. 4. 18. B’mod partikolari hemm bżonn li l-applikazzjonijiet għall-proġetti taħt il-programm Erasmus li jmiss jiġu ssemplifikati u razzjonalizzati. Skont ir-Rapport ta’ Informazzjoni tal-KESE dwar l-evalwazzjoni ta’ nofs it-terminu ta’ Erasmus+ (13) u r-riċerka tal-imsieħba soċjali (14), kien hemm nuqqas ta’ inklużività ta’organizzazzjonijiet ta’ kull daqs u tip miż-żoni u r-reġjuni ġeografiċi kollha tal-UE. Għalhekk, il-KESE jilqa’ bi pjaċir l-intenzjoni tajba tal-proposta li jingħataw għotjiet fuq skala żgħira li jappoġġjaw lil dawk li ma għandhomx esperjenza ta’ kif għandhom japplikaw għall-programm. Madankollu, is-semplifikazzjoni għandha tiżgura li tiġi evitata ġestjoni ħażina. Għalhekk, il-KESE jilqa’ l-enfasi tal-proposta fuq l-importanza ta’ korp tal-awditjar indipendenti fil-valutazzjoni tal-prestazzjoni tal-aġenziji nazzjonali; 4. 19. Fir-rigward tal-kapitolu Żgħażagħ, it-terminoloġija proposta ta’ organizzazzjonijiet ta’ daqs “kbir” vs. “żgħir” ma tikkorrispondix mar-realtà tal-benefiċjarji. Minflok, il-KESE jirrakkomanda li fil-programm il-ġdid tingħata prijorità għal attivitajiet u organizzazzjonijiet “immexxija mill-voluntiera”, fejn iż-żgħażagħ jaqdu rwol ewlieni fit-tmexxija tal-iżvilupp edukattiv tagħhom stess. Barra minn hekk, il-gruppi taż-żgħażagħ lokali għandhom ikunu jistgħu jirreġistraw bħala benefiċjarji bħala gruppi taż-żgħażagħ indipendenti, minkejja l-entità legali nazzjonali. Il-gruppi taż-żgħażagħ lokali jeħtieġ jirċievu l-gwida li għandhom bżonn mill-aġenziji nazzjonali rispettivi tagħhom. Dan ikun ta’ għajnuna biex il-finanzjament jiġi kanalizzat lejn l-inizjattivi taż-żgħażagħ innifishom, u biex jitnaqqas r-riskji li sehem kbir tal-fondi jmur għall-operaturi professjonisti, kif sfortunatament ġara taħt il-programm attwali u kien ikkritikat matul il-konsultazzjonijiet tal-KESE dwar ir-rieżami ta’ nofs it-terminu. 4. 20. It-tixrid u s-sostenibbiltà tal-proġetti huma importanti ħafna wkoll. Il-proposta għandha tħeġġeġ it-tixrid adatt tar-riżultati tal-proġetti, il-kontinwazzjoni tal-proġetti li taw prova li huma eċċellenti u tixrid ikkoordinat tal-eżiti tal-proġett fil-livell tal-UE u madwar l-UE. 4. 21. L-għotjiet operattivi tal-istess daqs jeħtieġ jiġu offruti kemm lil setturi tal-edukazzjoni formali kif ukoll dawk tal-edukazzjoni mhux formali. Dan ikun isaħħaħ l-komplementarjetajiet u jagħti s-setgħa lis-settur tal-edukazzjoni mhux formali sabiex jipprovdi programmi interessanti ta’ kwalità għolja. Barra minn hekk, l-għotja operattiva jeħtieġ tkun proporzjonata għall-firxa ta’ impatt relatata mal-prijoritajiet tal-programm u anke għall-ispejjeż operattivi tal-pjattaformi Ewropej. 4. 22. Barra minn hekk, il-KESE jemmen li l-programm li jmiss għandu jippermetti li l-proġetti fil-livell Ewropew japplikaw permezz ta’ struttura ċentralizzata, iktar milli permezz tal-aġenziji nazzjonali. Dan għandu jiżgura iktar aċċess għal netwerks u organizzazzjonijiet Ewropej, kif ukoll jaħdem kontra l-finanzjament duplikat għal proġetti paralleli. 4. 23. Peress li l-baġit tal-programm huwa bbażat fuq il-kontribuzzjoni finanzjarja taċ-ċittadini tal-UE, il-KESE jissottolinja l-importanza ta’ governanza demokratika fil-programm futur u jenfasizza l-ħtieġa assoluta għall-kumitat permanenti li jirregola l-programm sabiex il-partijiet interessati u l-imsieħba soċjali rilevanti kollha fil-livell Ewropew jingħataw pożizzjoni permanenti fl-istruttura tiegħu u mhux biss “status ta’ osservatur fuq bażi ad-hoc”. Brussell, is-17 ta’ Ottubru 2018. Il-President tal-Kumitat Ekonomiku u Soċjali Ewropew Luca JAHIER (1) Rakkomandazzjoni tal-Kunsill tat-22 ta’ Mejju 2018 dwar il-kompetenzi ewlenin għat-tagħlim tul il-ħajja. Il-kompetenzi ewlenin huma definiti bħala: litteriżmu u lingwi; matematika, xjenza u inġinerija; kompetenza diġitali; kompetenzi personali, soċjali u tat-tagħlim; kompetenza ċivika; intraprenditorija; u għarfien u espressjoni kulturali. Dan jinkludi wkoll sett komprensiv ta’ valuri, ħiliet u attitudnijiet għal parteċipazzjoni xierqa f’soċjetajiet demokratiċi. (2) L-Istudju tal-Impatt Erasmus (2014) iddikjara li kważi żewġ terzi tal-istudenti kellhom mill-inqas ġenitur li jaħdem bħala eżekuttiv, professjonist jew tekniku. (3) What are the obstacles to student mobility during the decision and planning phase? Intelligence brief No. 02 (2016) http://www. eurostudent. eu/download_files/documents/EV_IB_mobility_obstacles. pdf (4) Science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEAM). (5) http://www. europarl. europa. eu/charter/pdf/text_en. pdf (6) https://www. un. org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities. html (7) http://ec. europa. eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/news/2015/documents/citizenship-education-declaration_en. pdf (8) http://www. institutdelors. eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/extendingerasmus-fernandesbertoncini-june2017. pdf?pdf=ok (9) http://www. consilium. europa. eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/03/15/quality-and-effective-apprenticeships-council-adopts-european-framework/ (10) https://www. eesc. europa. eu/en/our-work/opinions-information-reports/information-reports/erasmus-mid-term-evaluation (11) https://eur-lex. europa. eu/legal-content/MT/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32012H1222%2801%29 (12) http://www. consilium. europa. eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/03/15/quality-and-effective-apprenticeships-council-adopts-european-framework/ (13) https://www. eesc. europa. eu/en/our-work/opinions-information-reports/information-reports/erasmus-mid-term-evaluation. C_2019062SK. 01019401. xml 15. 2. 2019 SK Úradný vestník Európskej únie C 62/194 Stanovisko Európskeho hospodárskeho a sociálneho výboru — Návrh nariadenia Európskeho parlamentu a Rady, ktorým sa zriaďuje „Erasmus“: program Únie pre vzdelávanie, odbornú prípravu, mládež a šport, a ktorým sa zrušuje nariadenie (EÚ) č. 1288/2013 [COM(2018) 367 final — 2018/0191 (COD)] (2019/C 62/32) Spravodajkyňa: Tatjana BABRAUSKIENĖ Pomocná spravodajkyňa: Imse SPRAGG NILSSON Konzultácia Európsky parlament, 14. 6. 2018 Rada, 21. 6. 2018 Právny základ článok 165 ods. 4, článok 166 ods. 4 a článok 304 Zmluvy o fungovaní Európskej únie Príslušná sekcia sekcia pre zamestnanosť, sociálne veci a občianstvo Prijaté v sekcii 26. 9. 2018 Prijaté v pléne 17. 10. 2018 Plenárne zasadnutie č. 538 Výsledok hlasovania (za/proti/zdržalo sa) 186/3/1 1. Závery a odporúčania EHSV: 1. 1. víta cieľ budúceho programu Erasmus vybaviť jednotlivcov vedomosťami, zručnosťami a kompetenciami, ktoré potrebujú, aby mohli čeliť sociálnym, hospodárskym a spoločenským výzvam, a sústrediť sa predovšetkým na mladých európskych občanov; 1. 2. očakáva, že v budúcom programe Erasmus sa k vzdelávaniu a odbornej príprave bude pristupovať z komplexného hľadiska, v rámci ktorého hrajú zásadnú úlohu kľúčové kompetencie (1) a základné zručnosti popri neprestajnom zvyšovaní úrovne zručností ako súčasti celoživotného vzdelávania s osobitným zameraním na potvrdzovanie a uznávanie; 1. 3. navrhuje, aby názov ostal nezmenený a aby sa zachoval názov„Erasmus+“, keďže symbolizuje skutočnosť, že všetky programy sú zastrešené pod jedným názvom; 1. 4. víta návrh na zdvojnásobenie rozpočtu programu, vyzýva však na jeho strojnásobenie, čím by sa preukázal hlbší záväzok k vzdelávaciemu, profesionálnemu a osobnému rozvoju ľudí v oblasti vzdelávania, odbornej prípravy, mládeže a športu s cieľom zabezpečiť skutočné začlenenie a prístup pre všetkých; 1. 5. konštatuje, že vyšší rozpočet by mala sprevádzať väčšia flexibilita a zodpovednosť na vnútroštátnej úrovni; 1. 6. zdôrazňuje, že opatreniami v rámci kapitoly pre mladých ľudí sa v minulosti najlepšie podarilo osloviť ľudí, ktorí majú menej príležitostí, čo by sa malo odzrkadliť pri prideľovaní finančných prostriedkov; 1. 7. žiada, aby iniciatíva DiscoverEU obsahovala silný vzdelávací prvok, ak sa má stať súčasťou programu; 1. 8. zdôrazňuje, že virtuálne nástroje by nemali zatieniť ani nahradiť fyzické skúsenosti, ale tieto skúsenosti ich musia aj naďalej dopĺňať; 1. 9. súhlasí so zvýšeným počtom cieľov v oblasti vzdelávania dospelých a ďalšieho odborného vzdelávania a odbornej prípravy (CVET) a požaduje, aby sa širší rozsah pôsobnosti odzrkadlil pri prideľovaní finančných prostriedkov; 1. 10. žiada, aby sa sústredila väčšia pozornosť na medziodvetvovú spoluprácu (KA2) v rámci „prístupu k celoživotnému vzdelávaniu“ s dostatočným rozpočtom na vykonávanie rozsiahlych politických projektov; 1. 11. víta navýšenie rozpočtu na zamestnancov, najmä na mobilitu učiteľov a školiteľov, aby sa podporil ich počiatočný a kontinuálny profesijný rozvoj; 1. 12. víta dobrý zámer návrhu poskytovať malé granty na podporu osôb, ktoré nemajú skúsenosti s prihlasovaním do programu; 1. 13. odporúča uprednostniť v kapitole o mládeži v novom programe „dobrovoľníkmi vedené“ činnosti a organizácie namiesto používania pojmov „veľké“ a „malé“. Mali by sa tiež zvážiť granty na veľké európske mládežnícke podujatia. 1. 14. ďalej víta, že sa v návrhu zdôrazňuje význam nezávislého audítorského subjektu pri posudzovaní výkonnosti národných agentúr; 1. 15. je presvedčený, že nadchádzajúci program musia šíriť a propagovať služby profesijného poradenstva v inštitúciách vzdelávania a odbornej prípravy, služby zamestnanosti a iné organizácie s cieľom osloviť širšie cieľové skupiny; 1. 16. konštatuje, že návrh by mal podporiť šírenie výsledkov projektov na úrovni EÚ a v celej Európe a pokračovanie v projektoch, ktoré sa ukázali ako vynikajúce; 1. 17. zdôrazňuje, že je absolútne potrebné, aby všetky príslušné zainteresované strany a sociálni partneri na európskej úrovni mali trvalé zastúpenie v štruktúre stáleho riadiaceho výboru programu; 1. 18. víta činnosti s účasťou mládeže. Ide o formát, ktorý sa považoval za veľmi úspešný v rámci programu Mládež v akcii (predtým známy ako iniciatívy mládeže), ktorý umožňoval, aby sa do programu zapojila mládež, ktorá nie je združená v organizáciách. 2. Úvod 2. 1. V nadväznosti na finančný program EÚ na podporu vzdelávania, odbornej prípravy, mládeže a športu prostredníctvom aktuálneho programu Erasmus+ (2014 – 2020) Európska komisia zverejnila ďalšiu generáciu programu s názvom „Erasmus“ ako súčasť viacročného finančného rámca na roky 2021 – 2027. 2. 2. Predchádzajúci program Erasmus+ významne pomohol podporiť vzdelávanie a odbornú prípravu na európskej, štátnej, regionálnej a miestnej úrovni, rozvíjať pocit príslušnosti k EÚ („európsku identitu“ v celej jej rozmanitosti) a podporiť vzájomné porozumenie, demokratické občianstvo, európsku integráciu a sociálnu spravodlivosť, začlenenie do pracovného trhu a následne aj hospodársky rast. 2. 3. Zámerom je, aby sa ďalšia generácia programu s dvojnásobným rozpočtom posilnila a rozšírila oslovením väčšieho počtu cieľových skupín, aby bola inkluzívnejšia, aby sa podporovali malé projekty a aby sa zahrnuli organizácie, ktoré nemajú skúsenosti s prihlasovaním do programu.
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https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21363999
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Wikidata
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Semantic data
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CC0
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Arachnis picta perotensis
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Multilingual
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Semantic data
| 1,113 | 3,256 |
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis instance of taxon
Arachnis picta perotensis taxon name Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis taxon rank subspecies
Arachnis picta perotensis parent taxon Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis iNaturalist taxon ID 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis GBIF taxon ID 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis CONABIO ID 38044LEPIDB501212
Arachnis picta perotensis
Unterart der Art Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis ist ein(e) Taxon
Arachnis picta perotensis wissenschaftlicher Name Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis taxonomischer Rang Unterart
Arachnis picta perotensis übergeordnetes Taxon Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis iNaturalist-Taxon-ID 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis GBIF-ID 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis CONABIO-ID 38044LEPIDB501212
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis istanza di taxon
Arachnis picta perotensis nome scientifico Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis livello tassonomico sottospecie
Arachnis picta perotensis taxon di livello superiore Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis identificativo iNaturalist taxon 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis identificativo GBIF 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis instancia de taxón
Arachnis picta perotensis nombre del taxón Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis categoría taxonómica subespecie
Arachnis picta perotensis taxón superior inmediato Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis código de taxón en iNaturalist 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis identificador de taxón en GBIF 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis CONABIO ID 38044LEPIDB501212
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis nature de l’élément taxon
Arachnis picta perotensis nom scientifique du taxon Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis rang taxonomique sous-espèce
Arachnis picta perotensis taxon supérieur Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis identifiant iNaturalist d'un taxon 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis identifiant Global Biodiversity Information Facility 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis identifiant Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad 38044LEPIDB501212
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis екземпляр на таксон
Arachnis picta perotensis име на таксон Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis ранг на таксон подвид
Arachnis picta perotensis родителски таксон Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis это частный случай понятия таксон
Arachnis picta perotensis международное научное название Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis таксономический ранг подвид
Arachnis picta perotensis ближайший таксон уровнем выше Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis код таксона iNaturalist 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis идентификатор GBIF 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis
taxon
Arachnis picta perotensis is een taxon
Arachnis picta perotensis wetenschappelijke naam Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis taxonomische rang ondersoort
Arachnis picta perotensis moedertaxon Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis iNaturalist-identificatiecode voor taxon 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis GBIF-identificatiecode 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis CONABIO-identificatiecode 38044LEPIDB501212
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis est taxon
Arachnis picta perotensis taxon nomen Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis ordo Subspecies
Arachnis picta perotensis parens Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis є одним із таксон
Arachnis picta perotensis наукова назва таксона Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis таксономічний ранг підвид
Arachnis picta perotensis батьківський таксон Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis ідентифікатор таксона iNaturalist 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis ідентифікатор у GBIF 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis ідентифікатор CONABIO 38044LEPIDB501212
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis instancia de taxón
Arachnis picta perotensis nome del taxón Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis categoría taxonómica subespecie
Arachnis picta perotensis taxón inmediatamente superior Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis sampla de tacsón
Arachnis picta perotensis ainm an tacsóin Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis rang an tacsóin fospeiceas
Arachnis picta perotensis máthairthacsón Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis este un/o taxon
Arachnis picta perotensis nume științific Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis rang taxonomic subspecie
Arachnis picta perotensis taxon superior Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis identificator Global Biodiversity Information Facility 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis instância de táxon
Arachnis picta perotensis nome do táxon Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis categoria taxonómica subespécie
Arachnis picta perotensis táxon imediatamente superior Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis identificador Global Biodiversity Information Facility 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis jest to takson
Arachnis picta perotensis naukowa nazwa taksonu Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis kategoria systematyczna podgatunek
Arachnis picta perotensis takson nadrzędny Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis identyfikator iNaturalist 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis identyfikator GBIF 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis identyfikator CONABIO 38044LEPIDB501212
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis là một đơn vị phân loại
Arachnis picta perotensis tên phân loại Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis cấp bậc phân loại phân loài
Arachnis picta perotensis đơn vị phân loại mẹ Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis ID ĐVPL iNaturalist 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis định danh GBIF 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis CONABIO ID 38044LEPIDB501212
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis instancë e takson
Arachnis picta perotensis emri shkencor Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis esiintymä kohteesta taksoni
Arachnis picta perotensis tieteellinen nimi Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis taksonitaso alalaji
Arachnis picta perotensis osa taksonia Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis iNaturalist-tunniste 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis Global Biodiversity Information Facility -tunniste 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis CONABIO-tunniste 38044LEPIDB501212
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis estas taksono
Arachnis picta perotensis taksonomia nomo Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis taksonomia rango subspecio
Arachnis picta perotensis supera taksono Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis numero en iNaturalist 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis natura de l'element taxon
Arachnis picta perotensis nom scientific Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis reng taxonomic sosespècia
Arachnis picta perotensis taxon superior Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis identificant de taxon iNaturalist 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis identificant GBIF 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis honako hau da taxon
Arachnis picta perotensis izen zientifikoa Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis maila taxonomikoa azpiespezie
Arachnis picta perotensis goiko maila taxonomikoa Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis iNaturalist identifikatzailea 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis GBIFen identifikatzailea 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis instància de tàxon
Arachnis picta perotensis nom científic Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis categoria taxonòmica subespècie
Arachnis picta perotensis tàxon superior immediat Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis identificador iNaturalist de tàxon 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis identificador GBIF 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis identificador CONABIO 38044LEPIDB501212
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis instancia de taxon
Arachnis picta perotensis nome do taxon Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis categoría taxonómica subespecie
Arachnis picta perotensis taxon superior inmediato Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis identificador iNaturalist dun taxon 312085
Arachnis picta perotensis identificador GBIF 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis identificador CONABIO 38044LEPIDB501212
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis instância de táxon
Arachnis picta perotensis nome taxológico Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis categoria taxonômica subespécie
Arachnis picta perotensis táxon imediatamente superior Arachnis picta
Arachnis picta perotensis identificador GBIF 6197842
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis instancia de Taxón
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis instantia de taxon
Arachnis picta perotensis nomine del taxon Arachnis picta perotensis
Arachnis picta perotensis rango taxonomic subspecie
Arachnis picta perotensis taxon superior immediate Arachnis picta
| 43,553 |
https://github.com/Streampunk/zenmos/blob/master/src/renderer/components/AuditList.vue
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
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Apache-2.0
| 2,020 |
zenmos
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Streampunk
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Vue
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Code
| 250 | 923 |
<template>
<v-card>
<v-card-title style="align-items: baseline; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px">
<v-btn color="secondary" dark @click="clearAll()">Clear All</v-btn>
<v-spacer></v-spacer>
<v-text-field
append-icon="search"
label="Search"
single-line
hide-details
v-model="search"
></v-text-field>
</v-card-title>
<div class="scroll-container" style="max-height:300px">
<v-container style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px">
<v-data-table
:headers="headers"
:items="msgs"
item-key="sequence"
hide-actions
:search="search"
>
<template slot="items" slot-scope="props">
<tr @click="itemSel(props.item)" v-bind:class="{ selected: selected == props.item }">
<td>{{ props.item.sequence }}</td>
<td>{{ msgTime(props.item.timestamp) }}</td>
<td>{{ props.item.type }}</td>
</tr>
</template>
</v-data-table>
</v-container>
</div>
<template v-if="msgStr">
<v-divider></v-divider>
<v-card>
<v-card-text>
<pre>{{ msgStr }}</pre>
</v-card-text>
</v-card>
</template>
</v-card>
</template>
<script>
export default {
data() {
return {
search: '',
headers: [
{
text: 'Sequence',
align: 'left',
sortable: false,
value: 'sequence'
},
{ text: 'Time', value: 'timestamp' },
{ text: 'Type', value: 'type' }
],
selected: {},
msgs: []
};
},
computed: {
msgStr() {
let str = '';
const keys = Object.keys(this.selected).filter(k => this.selected.hasOwnProperty(k));
if (keys.length) {
let filtObj = {};
keys.sort()
.filter(k => ('req' !== k) && ('res' !== k) && ('_' !== k[0]))
.forEach(k => filtObj[k] = this.selected[k]);
str = JSON.stringify(filtObj, null, 2);
}
return str;
}
},
methods: {
connect() {},
setConnect(connect) {
this.connect = connect;
},
msgTime(ts) {
return new Date(ts).toISOString().replace('T', ' ').substr(0, 23);
},
itemSel(item) {
if (this.selected === item)
this.selected = {};
else
this.selected = item;
},
clearAll() {
this.selected = {};
this.msgs.splice(0);
}
},
created: function () {
this.msgs = this.connect();
}
};
</script>
<style scoped>
table.table thead tr { height: 28px }
table.table tbody td { height: 28px }
.scroll-container { overflow-y: scroll }
.container { max-width: 100% }
tr.selected { color: #40c4ff }
</style>
| 36,106 |
https://github.com/sandokandias/ritchie-cli/blob/master/pkg/formula/runner/executor_test.go
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
ritchie-cli
|
sandokandias
|
Go
|
Code
| 442 | 1,460 |
/*
* Copyright 2020 ZUP IT SERVICOS EM TECNOLOGIA E INOVACAO SA
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package runner
import (
"errors"
"testing"
"github.com/spf13/pflag"
"github.com/ZupIT/ritchie-cli/pkg/api"
"github.com/ZupIT/ritchie-cli/pkg/formula"
)
func TestExecute(t *testing.T) {
type in struct {
runners formula.Runners
config formula.ConfigRunner
exe formula.ExecuteData
}
tests := []struct {
name string
in in
want error
}{
{
name: "execute local success",
in: in{
runners: formula.Runners{
formula.LocalRun: localRunnerMock{},
formula.DockerRun: dockerRunnerMock{},
},
config: configRunnerMock{runType: formula.LocalRun},
exe: formula.ExecuteData{
Def: formula.Definition{},
InType: 0,
RunType: formula.LocalRun,
Verbose: false,
},
},
want: nil,
},
{
name: "execute docker success",
in: in{
runners: formula.Runners{
formula.LocalRun: localRunnerMock{},
formula.DockerRun: dockerRunnerMock{},
},
config: configRunnerMock{runType: formula.LocalRun},
exe: formula.ExecuteData{
Def: formula.Definition{},
InType: 0,
RunType: formula.DockerRun,
Verbose: false,
},
},
want: nil,
},
{
name: "execute default success",
in: in{
runners: formula.Runners{
formula.LocalRun: localRunnerMock{},
formula.DockerRun: dockerRunnerMock{},
},
config: configRunnerMock{runType: formula.LocalRun},
exe: formula.ExecuteData{
Def: formula.Definition{},
InType: 0,
RunType: formula.DefaultRun,
Verbose: false,
},
},
want: nil,
},
{
name: "find default runner error",
in: in{
runners: formula.Runners{
formula.LocalRun: localRunnerMock{},
formula.DockerRun: dockerRunnerMock{},
},
config: configRunnerMock{findErr: ErrConfigNotFound},
exe: formula.ExecuteData{
Def: formula.Definition{},
InType: 0,
RunType: formula.DefaultRun,
Verbose: false,
},
},
want: ErrConfigNotFound,
},
{
name: "run formula error",
in: in{
runners: formula.Runners{
formula.LocalRun: localRunnerMock{},
formula.DockerRun: dockerRunnerMock{err: errors.New("error to run formula")},
},
config: configRunnerMock{runType: formula.DockerRun},
exe: formula.ExecuteData{
Def: formula.Definition{},
InType: 0,
RunType: formula.DefaultRun,
Verbose: false,
},
},
want: errors.New("error to run formula"),
},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
executorManager := NewExecutor(tt.in.runners, preRunBuilderMock{}, tt.in.config)
got := executorManager.Execute(tt.in.exe)
if (tt.want != nil && got == nil) || got != nil && got.Error() != tt.want.Error() {
t.Errorf("Execute(%s) got %v, want %v", tt.name, got, tt.want)
}
})
}
}
type localRunnerMock struct {
err error
}
func (l localRunnerMock) Run(def formula.Definition, inputType api.TermInputType, verbose bool, flags *pflag.FlagSet) error {
return l.err
}
type dockerRunnerMock struct {
err error
}
func (d dockerRunnerMock) Run(def formula.Definition, inputType api.TermInputType, verbose bool, flags *pflag.FlagSet) error {
return d.err
}
type configRunnerMock struct {
runType formula.RunnerType
createErr error
findErr error
}
func (c configRunnerMock) Create(runType formula.RunnerType) error {
return c.createErr
}
func (c configRunnerMock) Find() (formula.RunnerType, error) {
return c.runType, c.findErr
}
type preRunBuilderMock struct{}
func (bm preRunBuilderMock) Build(string) {}
| 14,943 |
bub_gb_7BSEDwf4nGYC_66
|
Latin-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,665 |
De hominum statibus, et officiis inspectiones morales ad ultimas septem quaestiones secundae secundae diui Thomae Fr. Petri Mariae Passerini de Sextula magistri, ac Procuratoris Generalis ordinis Praedicatorum, ... Tomus primus tertius, .. Tomus tertius in quo de religionum varietate; de ingressu in religionem; de nouitiatu; de
|
Pietro Maria Passerini
|
Latin
|
Spoken
| 6,981 | 17,198 |
tejimma. Verum illa cxtrauaitinJ^robibre da- ti pio iogrelfii in Rcligipncm^ c^aiSo, flr iil; bob rtnfu ligat Sf blbpialci . A: qacmcumguti td cllinvfu. "y 6). Colligilurquipto , qupd*de booii NouF- ti) nec mucuum . iicc ^coipmouium poteft dari ijuiilquiiJ In cbnttaniim ditent Mi. fnoosAerioi^ _ rand.de iVoeiab 4.8. tfr^.Nec in bppofi^um facirs* quQddareffluiuumnoiifit tribucic: qi^iam^ bic aperta ftfus contra legem admittc^ur,fi fub fpecie mutui rribueretur id, 'quod ve"^oaare^ lur. Tum quiacnbut prout eU tmper^ooale ver- bum comniunlorem figni^catioQen^liaber» fit cpmprehendic fub felquidqulddatur not^ de- bito.qupd vero mutuo datur^i^rat^^daiur^Meo vere tribuitutiliecc nob danetur • qut^rana^fie f,..-.- -n -i. f fauor cfiiqup<l^mu(up aliquit^cdge'ditur»^Lcy. defUt.Tehi.tap.\.di'fnci$lSuAtcT:!lc^p^ Bordon.ff/y.5 4.«n w; 1 1 yis^ncheie b7>«5 a ^«4 mm « * tn t - A - mhIU Di^na rt/o/. i oo. dcdub^re^iii,' Kbd^iq.tom^.^ c-i'44, tftfaflaw id.juoi^ixeratAiJjl.^r-iriy Et licet aliqui fibc liniicenti^ adyiitco . .._ ... ... ci bonis noiflcii dati mutuo mbnaHcrip t^pfc pignore, aiit fideiullipneyiodriq. (.».7.^^ Pcj^t.Iococfiato, hocpoiici aonwcti ini^lqdait. pi^Otis . quia tuiichouiim vide difficultate fuum teco^ret ,, Teif luiim ciiam 'ai^edi/Ibif.^n ejyjpr^r«^^. diiHcultate»'vnde n.oit^uro , quodl>ce% id ' iiettificui licc fieri pofle credo indu , quoimq^- naft.fii eale, vndc|icnijers omnilns^fii Iccuiitas recuperandi mutuu Ila^ acriboitiusvioluefiti quia lotum lioc te^ulanter. Se pet fe non eli fine difficultaic. Rperietifb? qmSe» natur j ^ei Ific tiiaxtntb contiiig’- re'^Jll c» eo , quod mnivafte- - tium fub rpe'jib reltijuendi fuppufitJ profclfioiic flouiii/,pi^ctjlU&^nitu iimcd<rc.ld(ojft licet 'de bonis nouitf/4£rejbuiuutnOjjait icm- piis antccedcusfenipusjjigcflioiiirJ^tiuta ex hoc poflet Tcratiaircxitus nouiti') i Rjlmlpne , Sc. ; Concilium prarendit io S^itln eltprciitffi’^^ btnaftiiftucuiidi.qirandoCTiBpilqiquc Tolncil^ SuaitelvrtiiwoT. , " y ‘" * ' .. 6+ 'CdfliJIyTeiim > eile vlumj ' donandi ie & ommafidna ImRiionincrio' ih.in- piersuitcfigionfsiijbifdc bonis n'S^m7nihirpo- teO t(ibui nionatlirio anie‘profeinontin . Pcf r. loco cit.lizc tamen donatio fi fiitpulf fuaipyjm^ Iiabiium non valcr, quia nouiiius profiibilustiir per Cone, dllponercde bqiiis nifi iii bimcftri ptoxime ante piofefiioVf *.^z^ct fi yiriiiK liuiui S: iid%ciicCupciaTi . _ «erum > quia douaium dcfatt/cddi,^A cx?dons^ tionccanJTurgit iiis adrem donltant , Sc pbiiiC Nniitrtiac mnlfUari .-'v>Hn'tV9him rViitl Nbiiiiiiis mblcltari . vrdbifariim tcdilcrct^llOr. natio yaleiet. . ’ ' ‘3 45.' Colligitur ieptiroo . Nouiiio.^ad (ccit*.- luin tcdeanii lelUtatnW^e femnia-riOBS^^^ ■ ■ • % ;!o/i 4 i <6 ■QVAESr.XlLTZXlT. I» - • ■•* - lipi detulit in monifl triuin , nec minimo eorum reterio . vna roifti fiufiibus inde perceptis dedu- d)o tamen vi6u ■ & vcilitu. Sinchcx Uh. j.mtrtU c,5 ; .Suarii tem.j.de rriij.cap. 1 1 .«.{•Tam* but. drtare d.£.f.9.««n.S. FauRus 1.^^ l9i.Pcyr./«M.'f.i.e(pj^9.Diana'p.ti n.i-ref, id Eatbola l^o citato n».'so.&' apud cum $ayr. Tapia, Pcrcira ■ Valer.tarob de Crars-Lauient. V ulpc t S: lAf; Non teneri tamen' DionaRctium ad reRituenduin in rpccie hibituVn rcligiorumut >. fed folum pretium eiui itii .erse loluendum tam- quam dccirum.Vbcenc LKetn. v. {!»•'■ luner.d. Lcztna 'p.p.'Mp, i;. «an. ;g. Dar* boi. loco citato' nam. ; 1.' de off.C' pot. Mfiff- «UiXat.loI.naar, 38. Borddir rt/.;^. >««.] S a. ybi quod ned babltiic* poiiit teddi ■' (ed debet etni i Religione , ii tamen Aiit'Tadua iipenfis No- " oitlj. ■* 66. ^ (^od (i Nouitiuc tempore nouitiatui decedat ,quz'deculir in monanctium vna cutn ituct}Q!'s'eicepcovifiu, & veDito rcfliiucnda fupi tizrcdibus nifi noditiui', ii ea ersen^ful iuria amet difpOTuifstt.' Nard.t/i}lfaaiii«.ifta».d' Ptyt. -'Ipco citato ; 'T . '*7' Colligitur vliHnoi quod eteommunicih. (■ - itio contenta in hoc Decreto Concilii elllat» « icntcntlz tlcd-ierenda; tam Monita dantes, quVni contra tccipientes, ideon.ccil rtic/uata Papae , 'l|Bia Concilium' pric(plt nihil de bonii' .^uitij ^Ibti monailetio l'ubpicf aafiachcm{tis>, nUiij • captimcna hdi anathema efse fcnrcti*Jatar.'Sua- tei. Pcynlpc.citatis. , Reueteiidiis Fagnanns ad - feS^^^^gSdrJ»a»ii.fap.j;‘ti S V M M A R I V M 'e ^ mt iSttim ad Jtiligientin pjtr fiteti i aam.68. ‘. Frjtii muUiflliiltT filtfl tirffe. tiam-d*. InVicere ftrfr^tm ad r(lij,iomn tji tt if.' nere mortale peccatam aiijai eflcrMt mer.6f, . , 4 £i inaiae fi drir^atnr /fma alicnim aia- mer.tfstV 5 JniulcTC frtude ad itgrrffum Sclif^mit no» tfl fnorra/e‘nii/ j& parnilio/ai» . B.30., ' < Niji fttks effcf Uilii, ^aod- cat la pnftflit efftt nifHa.vam.7t. . _ 7 liiei alifvSiit ocfvliaie^tni-fttm etm quiit- ^ (ivm iviacii ad Kfughaim, vv.yi, ^ -4^. 8 a<d qaid aiitvjtitjtcitat qvi uvjfvtii ^ Swiia- ~ nem. aaupa, i,, ,, ; Impedire tUgtmJ Migimt qvanda ftt ama- , te. »am.7j. . ■ ^ ap .«^at vavii minat trSam faitfl indui ad uBit- rem. nam.74. nari , ex cuoconcilietdlaftfiioadeam , nem, quod tamen non cK iffufoi vel timn, ^ cnmquia defefius, qni Aini tn 'reiigioai;doL manifenantur, vel etiam noii 'tefetuntuV» u» titates illius, vel conditionca', qu* maDiipliati, porsunttembncie anltuomabingtersu ReiMh nis. Sed vitetius hiiiufaodi deeepnn re poteft tam expatteiltduat ad ItefiglooeS. quam ex patre dionafleti) illum redpicotis que enim"filfa ««rati j olsunt , & vulq^o- left verutti abfcbndtv TOdeVtiumque poukdei cipi • ER etiim difcntiitn punlidetaudein^tc eum.qui rrcpiifinisdac cpnfilium deeepiotiup i Re inter eum, quT Ipohpe .Ic ingerte, flqa^eci- pit. Sicut Si alii^eh.ciiiiiccncton: dcciiweA «t aliud cRdccipmpritcc^nieationero . ««»• terialiier. ' <9. DuWmnigiiVrnon^eO , illum nnwaJi- icr peccare , qui Icicnsdecipii, yclpnonaneiium vel Inducendum ad ingttUum pnonailciiieiii^ do fairum in ic graui , & lulHcieoie ‘^d piiim- ter mouendum anirotim ad ij^i^onis >t«^- fum> «cl ad rccipic^um aliquem ad rdm^ nem>! Ratio cft quia hic^.nediun eR mSl& nieudacii , fed adcII cauTa mdgjjajndu^najd proximi addifpon^um inDalun(ai^nd8.Rj> vel de Tuis in negocf^ fdide giauit, quod;g^ cR Rnc iniurla illata jjli , £i hoc.quideroilnidetb eius appaier verum in eo. qui inntitbga^ilt cS-. fultus bdlRaffirmat • Nam ex quo fu/cipit nuiuta debet couRIiarij /!dellier~agcrc,& non vti menda- , cio I Sed A: hoc vetitm cR de co > qui Ic inget^ ftideclaiaf- vt aliciiconlitium ili^uae. Sempet enim ir^* |4b.' fitcohiolto 0 mcndi^'sindjicptur^ altej... gendum . Vetqro qutdem eR, quod vbi dccc{ non 01 in tc graui 1 non eris peccaeom inortaj i - vcl oullum.ecii peccatam, aut leue fidccel ^ fiat pizicr intcniionem.^cx igno^camia.Re bj^ 0ne.& maaimc abeo , qui cxoflicip nontcpe-. tui iu hoc verum confilium dateSuatez cisa.Qiiod 0 illud ralfum.quod uiiTaidr.aliaci^. iniuiiprum tllcuT^ vtnquitdjtcrahat , vej moat^ Aerio', vel ei, qui rciigioncm peiitHgrauior ctur i 1 ^ *^m**fim * i ^ ‘l«®d inducere ad reli- -■ir.' . 1. gtoncmcRviuolum, cRdeceptiOi IBi mendacium • PuicR vtto aliquis alium decipe- re in piup'0010 , vel dicendo rallum > nimiruour V*&.^tmando Religipaem cisc teiormatam i *iiE^|li^icJuaUr leu ineaboc velaliudobrcr- pac6mmiiritgr,^& alterius Ipeci'e(, ac7uiuili$ malitia adiungitur, vnde 0cdssrahenj teneW: ad tcRitutionem faiuc.Suaictj^niiin.io. 70. Vetum dicitur, quod pep fe pon cR.ir.or- talc hqc, ni0 ad0i mcndaciu pciniiioiuoi,& idco Iuppo0to , quod omnibus pcufalis vere Iit veilo i^cui ingredi Religionem . et Religioni iIIuol- tecipcte , vnde^sz huiulmodi ingtcilu nuUum damnum infertuc, vfT ingrcdiciXi , .vel nionwt- tlotccipipnci, n^up alicui alteri- , rc4tnxgaa-> affetrur viiliias ,;Ocgatur hoc ciTc moitalc pec- catam 1 quia noo cR cflc raiioue meudaeff > {um tncndaciuni hoc^ vc^ppopitui, ujjn detrimentum gMue , nec.Rt In “®‘ ; tibilcfam.ppioximi , autalte^MrWSlfi vodt>' cRmcndagiumpRiqpprum 1 hon^tf W. .Sed neque cR ialc rationc.damnijdui ■ ingreffei huiormodi cR vtiRs tini' tiTpna(B^'<^ quam,ln|rcdienti mpntflciium-. re quod Religio C0 onutgtaue . yndcRtiniut^ homini qui vclutt cogitpc ionolupiaric hoc onuS fufcipcic . Nam Religio cR ppud faliili^im&>. {c jtttUiG^ ypdc nuio& iiRtn.noo graoi^t- -B V* ARTICVLVS X. <S7 ✓ ^ui decipitur, fed iipd eius rcilitas agitur. Solum gtauatur in modo ■ quia fcilicet ad id ■ quod eft Ubi valde vtilc <* icitur mcndacijs i fcd Iwc non^ cB iniuria gtai ' dc fc . & pr^fc tatiooe Tui , Rc' eniin , ttiaSrai meDdaci/sad|falobcriniamrfiea. lucQta ioduenniur, Ex duplici ergo capite bic po> leB iaeciucniie culpa grauii > vel quia decipiras vdtnt meodacio pctaiciofq geauicer. vel quia in- ducit ad id q|iod in iodiuiduo penfatis oainib.nou clli^utn proportionatum indufio i quibus dua- bus caulis ccOaocibos huiuratodi|dcccptio eri^tna- l4 • fcd ooa mottaliier ■ Inducere enim hominem tnendacijs ad id, quod Gbi eU vtilc • Se ptofienum non eB mortale peccatum. 7aa Explicanda tamen efthzcalTettio .vt non fit vera in cafu inaquo ulis ac tanta cflet dec^O i vtradonc inuoluntatij redderet irritam profcino- nem^jl^ia hoc cBet infene grane damnum tanu» EBe ptofcITo I quam Monaftetio ■ Sed modo hoc pelKalum fete non tfe morale , quia datur annus probationis . io quo Nouitius poecit bene inTtruI de.qualitatibus Religionis . St religio deqnalita- eibos Nouiti/ , vnde raro ratione deceptionis po- tcfc cootiogere . vt profcQio ex hoc capite tao- quam inunluntaria fit nulla. Icd de bis latius di- cendum erit (■ traUf.de pre/r^ue. Nam quantum . ' ad ingrefliim deceptio non poieic Ulum redderem irrieumiat inancm.vc bene notat Suatex uaai. Sed elG quis deceptus iouoluntaric habitum Reli- gionis liilcipiac I o tempore ptofeiBonis cefiat de- ceptio , Se inuoluDcaiium vficic.proCefltq raU'!' daefe, . * 7a. Hinc dedacieuc . quid dicendum Cbcum bzc deceptio non fit per oxodaciom . icd per ve- xi occoltationem . Nam Se hac deceptio videtor .continere ioiufiiuam. Quia 'cBo quis non tenea- tur diccte omne verum ■ fi tamen vult iqduccro ^aliquem ad aliquid agendum ccociut non abfeon- dete ea > que ptudemer poflent aoeitetc indoAum ad non acceptandum coofilinm 1 idc6 ly^timin ■ Subd. q. t, cap, sp. caaciaA a. ait. quod induceoa alium ad Religionem debet ilU omnia declarato tam bona . quam mala, abitinentias icilicee tegu- lates > duritiam le^, vcRimeatqtom arpctitaicm. fUentium > ieiunia. abnegatioocm fui&c- Vetom , 3 difiiogui hic debet ttcipicns ad Religionem . ab ' cam confuleote , Nam tecipiens . qui cum recit plendo conibahit debet fetuare leges conttaAus • . vc vnom pio alio non ofilrat qualitatibus tci.ab- icoodiiis . ve conmAus ooh reddatur iniuQus. & onllusi led in inducente non clt aliambligatia niG l*c 000 inducet ad mtluai . Id ergo quod confi- derate debet inductas ell an ingreflus fit in indt- oiduo.piopottlonatoli S: vtiiistam Monailnioi quam Uonallcrium ingiedieoti, vt oontnducac ad id > quod eft malum » vel etiam quod Cmplick^ ter in indiuiduo cB minus bonum rcfpcAn tlltus,- quem induat , vel cui dat confilium • Caterum vbi jogrefiiu in MonaBcrium fit maius bonum nedum qui conLlit ingrcBum non tenetur manifcBato omnes ‘aulletitates Religionis in fingultri, quas atiam nec tenetur fcite ,fed pofieteUc, quod un- glindeoicr agetee > G id facctct , Se ex boc remo- iicietatiuro ab co . quod cB fibi magis veUe . Ec patuni IntcttQ > quod .iugrcdicos aliquid ctlant-* molelUa (cotiat.rc ante iogteffi^ hO^l yUmU<| iguoralTc > fi iotetiro ingrcfiiis proficit > Si voluo- laric religiose viuie ■ Qui ergo vult inducere alium ad Religionem . fi vult dare confilium abroluum. Se non conditiooaium ■ debet habere tantam no- notitiam Religionis. Semotum. Se inclinacio- ois cius . qui uducendus cB > quanta fufiicit . vc videat, an fimpliciitr iagtclTus talis expediat: qqo cognitio ab Ipfo . St prudenter deliberato ca- neat a medaci/s. Se de reliquo lidium fibi cB pro- ponere ea. qua valeant ad inducendum alium ad Rcligiooem. filentio recentis his. qua fibi vire.a fiicrinc oportune non manircBaoda . Si carnea ab co . quicoarulicariatctroeecar confuleos. idhnc potell aliqua tcticetc . St vbi habeat locum iuBaj fimniatio . prudeocet diflimulare . St qua fibi.vi- {a fuerint icticenda non manifcBare. ^ 7). Qux verd difia funt de inducente ad Reli- gionem per deceptionem > cnm proportione veta fuotde impediente ingctlTum alicuius. In hoc veto etiam maioti ratione peccatum efle potcB > quia tarius contingere poitric . quod non ingredi Religionem non fit plenum periculi.St grauc dam-. iiom non ingredieneis • Nihilominus . Schicdia- tur. quod cx duplici capite potcB intctueoiic pec- catum mortale . Ptimo ex mendacio pcrniciolo dc ' fe. vtfi quis detrahendo Religioni tcmoucatani- , snnm alicuius • Et in.hcc caiu pedum cB peccatum mortale . fad adeB obligatio teflitutionis fama. Secundo ex damno dato ei . qui ab ingrtflu Re- ligionis impeditor . Nam contra charitaiem » Se iuSitiamcB impedire proximum mcadaclft. fen deceptionibus , St fraudibus vt non confeqnatut maius bonum ad fui lalucem conducens Suatexd. tif-9’ au*!* Piacifo carnem damno graui aliquem mendaciis tetrahete ji Religione non cB niottalis culpa I quod eo magis eft, vetom fi non mendaciis, led vetitadsnon manifeflationciiigrelTusSalicuius inMoQaftctiam impediatur. Nam boc etiam fi- ne peccato contingere potell. 74. Io tcfponfione etiam ad tertium princi- palis conclufio extenditur, vt fcilicet nedum liceat * licete aliquem ad Rcligiooem, led euro qui vouic Religionem mlnotcm poieB quis ' licice inducete ad ingteflumma; ■ ioris. Non tamen ccontta-e nifiex fpeciali caufa]. {efbb dtfpcofatiO; peapoftoU; OMi " 3 aaas OyjB- V- s- ■r £ ■ -^VAEST. CLXXXIX: QVAEST. CX.XXXIX, ' ARTICVLVS X. Vtrum fit Idudahile i quodMiquis religioHtm ingrediatur ahfque • multorum confiUo , diu- turna deliberatione \ f recedenti} Z> itcimnm fic frutii- mr. Vidtiurtijtitdiiia Jt! Utdahlt > ^ttd *li- gais rtligimtm ingre- dumr mahtri & diMlumt dtldimuMt ^ frtfcdcmt . Diciltr titim t.htm», 4. Ntlite credere tmmi /firitri > fed) fretale ffiritat fi ex Dee fixi • Sed geandejae frefefitum Religie»em ixtraadi ne» 'eft ex\Dee: c»m fremat, ter ferexiiam ttligienii difielaatar. Dititar exit» AOaxm ^aixte t fi efi tec eenfilixxe ex Dee > xex fUeritit difielaere illad . hrgt videtar, gaed tnegxa txemixdtitxe frxtedexie dt- texat xtijai relifieaem iatrare. 2. Prxterex , Preaeri. 25 dici- ' ' lar j Caafxm taam ttaUx tam ami- te tae . Sed maxime videiar hemiait tjfe txafx I fax fertiaet ed maixiie- aem fixtas . irge videt ar , faed aem deleat aliijait rtligieatm iaitxrtj fiat friat tam xmie» /ait iraOei. j, Prxterex > Demiaat Lat. 14., iadatit fimiiitadinem de bemiat > faivalttarrimxdificare, faedfri- . at/edeai temfatxi famftahfai/aat ti aeeejfirif t fi bxleat xd fyficiea- dam ,aei»fialtet»rei: ^ix bit be- faeteefit xdtficxre,^ aia filaitfia- faramatt, Samftat xaf/m xd tarrita "xdificandam ( vi fiagafiia. dicit i» Bfifielx xd ixixai f ) nibil ef xliad j faxm Vt renanliet vaa/fai/fae eat- teibai > fax/aattias. Ceatiagit aa- tem faxadefae t faed bet malli aia fefiimt t & fimtltter xlixt rtligieait elferaantixt pirixrc. in caiat figara 1. Seg.iy. dicitjirt fxed Oxaid nea feterxt incedere in armis Sxaiit : gaixaiababeixiyfiim.Ergivide- -st Jt V- tary gned aem debeat xliftiirtli^ giiaem intrare, aifi diaiarax deU- itrxtiiae frxmijx , malttram uafilit bxlite • SEt> ceatrx tfi , faed dithaf Mxttbxi faxriitfaid xd vecxtiiaeat demiai Petras, Aadrexs seatinaa rtUBis rttibat fecatifaat tam.Vbi Cbrjfefiamas dstitfiafer Mxttbxama Talem iledieatiam Cbrifiat faxrit iaebit > vtnefae iafixati timfirt miremar • c- ^^S POtiLEO dUtadaml fxad dtataraa dehltrxtie, tj-mal- teram eeafilsx rtfairaatarim nex- gais, &dalft, vt Pbilefetbat di- cit ia tertie Etbic • I» bit xatem^ fax fit»! certa ,tjrdtttrmiaxta, aese refxiritar ceufiliam. Orcxiagrefi fam xattm tcligieait tria feffaat cem fidtrxri • Prima faidem iffe ttligjU- mit iagrefutfecaadamfe t tfi fic cer- tam tfi , faed iagrefiiu^religieait efi mclias lenam. Etftidtbecdali- tat, faxallm efiiafe, dererat Cbri- fie , f»i bec ceafiham dedit . Vade ' Aaga^iaat dicit ialibre dtverlit Dem:ai, VtexiiiOrieai,idefitC6H-. fiat i &laxiitadit Occtdeaitmtid ‘ efiixd bemtaem merixlem, ^ trrxrt ftteaiem. Alie mede aetefi ceafidt- " rxrsreligieaia sagrej/it ftrttemfa- relieaem ad viret eiat > fai efi rtli- gieaem tagrejfarat. tt jit elixae aem efi letat daliiaiienii de iagrtjfiare- ligieatt : faix iUi fai retigieaem ia- grediaatar, :nen teafidaat ia faa viitatiftftfifefalfifiercfedxaxiWt vir tatis diaiax ; fecaadam iUad)ffxi 40. ^aifferxat ia Demine , maia- baai/eriiiadfitem, xjfameat feaaxt fic at X fallas carreai , (jraea tale- ' ralaat: xtalalxiaat, neadefi- tteat. Sitfxmeafii xtifaed /feciale imftdimntiaahfatx, iafirmitttleer- firxlit, vel eaera debiteram, vct .ali faa baiafmedi: ta bit rtfairitar dcitleratie, ^ ceaJiEam , cam bit de faibat fterxlar tfaedfrifial,^ ttaa imfcdteat. Vadedicitar Ecelefi-. y/.Cam viriirreUgiefe traBxdtj faaBitxte , efifiam iaiafie dtiafiiBd faafi dicat, 'aea. Vade fefailarit,' Hem aticaJat bit in emai eeaplie t ■ fcd eam vire'/xaBeaJfidaas epe . Ia faibat terne» aea efi dtatnraadeli- 'hraiiifibxitad* ,‘Vadt hjereaj^ V,. .'«t •i- '. A RTICVLVS X: 5^9 l '«» Jitit i» epifltU ad PaalUiim, fefiina qatfi ^ hortatis i» fsla ItaaicaU, faatm mtogis frofiMt > faom ftlttt . Ttrtit oaStm mtdt tca- /tdtriri ptttjl modus religuatm ia- troadi , tj- qatm rtligioaim olijais imgrididtiett- Pt dt talHas fttcfi bthri etiam coa/iliam tam hst f>i tloa impeditat. Ad primam trgt dieettdam > ^aod tamdititar, Proidie Spiritus fi esc Det /iatjocum bthet ia his, fuo da- hit faat , virum fpirilut Des fit : fcut duiium fottfi efie his , tpui itm funtm rtligitae, vtramiUt, tjui rtligital ft offert, fpirita Dei duto- tar ,ta ^uUte tcctdtt : & ideo de- heal tectdeuiem prohtre, vtram di- niat fpirita moaeatur. Sed illisui od-rtligioatm ttttdit, aoapoltjl tffe duhium , ta proptfitum de iagrtffa rAtgioaitia tordeeiut exortum fit k fpirita Dei : euiut eft ducere horni- esem ia terromrtOem, Nec propter hoctofieuditur aoa tffe ex Deo,^uid tUifui retroceduut • Noa eaim orna* quod i Det tf, iaettruptiiilt tfi. Alloquia erealaro eorrtpliiiles mea effiat ex Deo, vt IHtaithti dieuat. Neque etiam aliqui heheales i Det grtiiam,pejf(ai tllam amittere, qued etiam tfi hareiicum . Sed tou^lium Dei eff iudiffeluhle : qut etiam eor- ruptiiilie,^ mattiiliafifir.fecua- dum illud Ifitiiquadragefimefexll, Couflium meumfiahit,^ omats vt- luutat mea fiet . Et ideo prepofitum de iugrtffu religieais uaa indiget prthautue , vtrum fit i Det : quit terta difeujfitae aea eget ; vt ditit , gliffa, fuperilliad l.adThefftilu Omaia priitte • Ad fetuadum dlctadum,quidfi- tat itrt coacupiftit aduerfui fptri- $um, vtdititurad Galalatquiattl ita etiam fieqatater amici caraalts dduerfaatet profeOui fpirituals '-fe- taudum illud Mitheo feptimt, lui- miei htatiais domefiici eius . Vade Cjrillus expiatus illud Lue,q. Per. mitte me reauatiarehis, qui demi /itat, dicit iQuortre reauatiare his qui domi fiat, effeadit, quodvteum- quediuifus fit. Nam commaaicare ^ ^proximis, dr toafulert aoleatesoqaa ■-_japtre, iadicat adhut vt cumque Itis, f gueatem, dr riiritideaitm. Prepter. " PjffiriaiTem.Uh ’ -•fi'! qxid audit k Dimiat , Nemt eum pofaertt manum ad aratrum, (fi afpe- xirit retro , batilis tfi ad regnum Dti.Afptcit eaim retro, quidila- tioatm qutrit , .occa/itne redeundi domum > A- tam propinquis eeuft- readi. Ad tertium dicta dum’, quod per eedifieaiioaem turrisfiguifieatur per. feSto Chrifiitao vito. Airtaua- tiatio autem propriirum tfifumptut adtdifittadtm turrim . Nultui au- tem duiitat , vel delUerat , aa ve- lit batere fumptus.vtl ta pe ffit tur- rim odtfieare, fi fumptut hahett. Sed bot fuh dehieratioae poaituryta aliquis fumptus habeat . Similiter fub delileratiiae cadere aea oportet , vtrum aliquis debeat abreauatitrt ornatius , quo pejftder. vel p bot ft- titado ad perfeStoatm ptrueuirt, poffu . Sed hie cadit fuh deliitrttio- ae, vtrum hec quod facit ,fit ab re- ' aaatiare omnibus, quo pojjider.quia' aifitbrtaualiautrit, quod tfi fum- ptui habere , aoa potefi ( vt ibidem fubditur) Chridi effi difiipulus:qued e fi turrim odifictre. Timor autem eorum , qui trepidant , au per rtlt- giouis iagrtffum pdffiut ad perft- Bioaem pteueuire, tffe irralioatbi- lit , ex multorum exemplo couuinei- lur . Vade Augufitaus dicit 8> Coa- feff. Aperiebatur ab ea parte, qua ialeaaerim faciem , (jr que trauftre lrepidibtm,cifia diguittt eiutiueo- tiaibiaefieilaadieat, vi venirem, atque dubitarem: dr extendent ad me fi/eipieudam , qj’ ompleOeudmm piat manus , plenas gregibus boao- exempiorum . Ibi tot pueri, eS‘pueP lo: tbi iaueutus mulla , dr omnis otts I ^ viduo, dr virgines eunt > Irridebat me irripent exhirtatiria: quafi dtcirtt ,Tn aea poterit , quod </+ driftol An ifii, dr ifio in fe- metipfis poffuut > dr nm in domino Dea fio J ^ued in te flas , dr nen fias t Proqce te in eum. Noli metue- re . Non fe fubtrahet , VI tadaii pro-, qeeteficuras, d excipiet te , d fim nabit te. Exemptam autem illud, quod in- dueltur doDauid, non facit ad pra- pefitum : ejuit arma Stulis , Jient gloffa dicit, fiat legis ficramenit > tanqaam oneraatia, iLeligie autem aaaa 2 tfi fi - - ♦ t • i' W 560 ^VAESr. tf r»autt»g»mChrill'r.<i»UwQTt- ItriMf iUit i» q»arf JHtrtlium, QmiJgrttt mtKtts Ktprt ttrtiuin tm/tnitijli Vit*rt0m»e JtfiJtritm gttJ ftntrht frdcifin ijni.iieeti^ mtrt Utdritfi mundi btint ilintrd mtnei ? Q*fd qnid em fntnt ingnm fifer fe ttUenUbm refeOunem di- mimd/rnitienls refrtmillit > <jf /?*»- fietrntm reornem tnimtrnm . Ad gmmnes perdnctt ipfe , qni frtmi- fit I lefut Cbnflns Dtmimn nefter z ' fui effnptT tmnU Dent ienedtBnt im ftenU. CLXXXI^.' SVMM ARIVM. X IngTtpni hI Ktlifime» »e» deht feri fine ton- plit, KIIINaIt s Diutnrnt dtUberttie lotnm a» baiel wifi i» nugnii, 0 dub^u ««•!• } RtUinatmtpt ^idmtUns tP eerinmi &me- mfrfium.Sn.}. H Qutlitas Seliglniiilltcfldiibit.^ntptfftetdt- re fnb ebertim e9nfthe>n»^%-& X >• 5 £x fene ftr[Mt per ft no» ef loenf eonftlU- tioni oiiorum,»»^ 6 Nullui proptift viiibni poltP ftbPIUre i» tb~ feTuantiitregnUribuSi C" potefl per vires ff4~ lU. n«n.4- 7 pidnat de dinin» grtti* Htctffari* ejftrttenti /lifiini »«•5* 8 £x parte ptr]o*iteflloenttonjnliuio»i Miitrm per aetidens. mitm.6- 9 San[Ia laieniio neeejfaria in eligente Patrem re- ligiofam, n»m.j, 10 Sona vel mala buint feenli poffunt ejst oceapo eligendi Paitm ttligiofnm, n».t. 11 A ijnibnt ateipiendnm conptiiim deingrefinin Rell^onem. nnnt.p, tr ii" 11 Dintnna deliberasia no» lattdaiiUt • mane- to let. X. ^Vpponitnt ingrcllum ia Rcligioae^noa J dcbcrc iieti nae condio . 81 dclibcKX* lione ingtcdicntis ■ qui* non cA liberum, nifi quod fit ei confilio > & dclibcrationt > fed qua- titur. an fit laudabile Religionem ingredi Ano aliorum .& quidem mulromm confilio > et fine propria, fed diururna deliberatione* 1. Uptimd autem U.Tbom. ptxmietie in.» prmcip.eer. quod dintuma deliberatio, & multo- rum confilia locum non habent , nifi in magnis > & dubijf . Vbi enim res patui momenti eA > & parum interest.fi quia rnum ,vel oppofitum ope- tetor , non cH nccefie diu deliberare >’ «el alios eoolulert . quia parumiotercA quidquid homo factat . Sed vbi tes etiam fit magna ■ fed certo cius vtilitas lupra cius oppofitu nec ^s^flaria cA > nee laudabilis diuturnadeliberario, tcl alio- tum multorum confolratio . de te enim certa.* non cAdubiiaiina deliberatio» et imprudeotU cA dilputarc . & inquirere , an fiteifgeodum id >' SuodcA certum cilc melius. Quo fuppo^vi- endum cil .an ingiclTus alicuius in Ueligibnem fit ccrtf.vcl dubiz bonitatis, cum non fit dubiam illum c(ie rem magnam. Tria igitur hic confideranda eife , monee auSor. primum cA Religionis ingrcUus, fecun- dum fe confideratiis pralcindcndo a circumfixa-. tiisacctdentalibus, nimirum fine, pcrfqna , me-, diis rqualitate Religionis, loco» .tempore . & modo ingrefius . Et dehoc ingrefiii fic 'fumpto certum ell illum effe melius bonum , quiaReli- giofiis fiatusiCum ficfiacus petfefiionis alios ho- minum Datus antecedit , ficut fupra probatfi cA. £r bend hic additor , quod qui de hoc dubitat» iniutiam facit Chrifio.qui hoc cnnfilium dedit» cum diste, fi vit perfeQnt efte vende omnia, ana baltei & da panperibni , ef veni fefnere me - Matth. C.9. 8: e* Auguf./rr« j.deremp. iom.ro. id confirmat, quia nimirum imprudentia magna (it ponere fub hominis ignorantis , & defialbi- iis confilio id» quod Oci cA confilium . Vado colligitur , quod quidem fub confilio cadero potell qualitu Religionis . quia non omnis reli- gio cDcuicumquC peoportionata, fed an Ucligio «bfolutd fi melins bOnum » non efi res dubia » qnz confilio aliorum » & diuturna propria deli- beratione indigeat. 4. Secunda confideratio Religionis eA ref- ^au perlo.n* ingredieniis, 8c priecipni tefpean virium illius in ordine ad auDeritaect , it diffi- cultates vit* Rcligiote- Et quantum ad hanc* , partem per fe non cA locus confultationi aliorum , fed folum per accidens . Duo enim fiint ctm per fe loquendo . Primum efi , quod nullius perton* viret proprie fiifficiunt ad lubfiftendum in vita teligiofi- teundum cA, quod vires Diuin* gta- tixVquz adcA cuicumq. «t nulIJ detfl abundo fuf&ciunt. Ideoabloiuid non cadit fiibd/nttir«(;l.l delibciatione , an Religio fit propoftionata pet^ ip (on* quantum ad vires fubCficndi » cum ut cet-;t ■ g; tum nullint ptopriu vfits fuffictre , te cnicuim i y que fuffictre vires Dinin» grati* » qn» nulU « deefi. ’ 1 5, Hinc beni colligit Caietaoos , tt adutt- 1 ^ »f tit TOfiea Suattatew.J.iie relig.tap.SMnm.iJwic e, effe neceffatlamlpracipud difpofitionem inin-^. ■ a grersuio Religiobem . vt. fiduciam fuam ponat . n eamqne certam habeat In Diu ino auxilio i fie- KM h nim Tois fidk viribus , pizfumir , St cadit . la-» Vt t, Deo igitur fiduciam habere debet, vtiugumRe- ^i'2|t ligioms portare poffit.Quod fi hanc fiduciana.* catam non habeat» defiact, aonenim auioio fotti » :abfoluto » Sc efficaci ardua religionis ag- greditur, quia fpes confcqntndi illa^ voica vis efi , per quam io elRAu rentamus pericula • Qui enim finem intentum luinns fperat minus ad il- lum affequendumfe mouet .. e. Per accidens tamen e* parte pCTfoo* lo- cum habete potefi confultatio . taiiooe cirCTm- Aaotiarum , pota infirmitatis , debiiomni < “ .»* iiarum conditionum , te qualitatum , qu* s—ii itom occeilatia funt » vt etiam fupra freffum licitum I*........- ftenfiim efi • Et vbi ex hac parte Ci difficultas laudabile erit tatUcocnai confilium , & dclibsrftip • ■ ■ eJr . - % 7^ -In hac vere Relicioncm ingrclTurui iamo* petedcbccittendcrevchibuc rinccriuccm in- lencionis , vt monucrunc S. Berir^rm>.>4i >• Ciiet. hic Niuar. Comm. Je rtgtU uouf- Sattaiilh c<p.S.aan.£> quz fanfia iatea- liot vc habetur 14^.1. rup.i, debet eOc Deoirte- prebenfibilitcr militandi > & Aponolicam vitam iminadi , fen vtAipra» 0-Thom.f.i84.<}-i87. OScnlum eftperfede vniri Deo per chatitaccm • In peifefiione enim chaiitatia vitp, rpititualia C5- lifiic petreyilio . ideo valde errant . qui vel txdio. parcntnm . vel infalicium cuentuum ■ vel vc vi> (taca^eftatem. aut contemptam > vclobalium finem terrenum Religiorani Datum afliimut. Hu- iuimodi enim fines . vel non fiint honefii, vel non fune proportionali > nec przbenr vires propor* donatas ad regulares obferuantias rufiinendas,Sc perlefiionem confequendam* 8* 'Bene verum eD. quod Taplus Spirtras San> dnsninrampce etiam ad bona aliqua tempo* ralia I timore , tcdioi criDitia ■ St. ali/s afTcAibnt aanqnam dirpofitionibos materialibus pteparan- diKit animum ad hoc vc fic bene mobilis ad fan- ' fiam 8r perfefiam chaticatem. Ideo contingere .potcD, ve txdium parentum ■ contemptus i (ge- Ilasi infirmitas I St alia hniufmodi temporalia^ mala fint occafio alicui ingrediedi Religionem « Sed tamen finis ingccdientit non debet cDe nili deliderium perfcfiionis , qnp confillit in petfefia coniuiifiloneadDeumpercharicatem . - 9. Recepturus autem confilium i'uper bis ac* cidentalibus circumDanti/s . que impedire pof- fene ingrelTum Religionis bene attendat D. Th. confilium. St cautus fic, ne confilium acdpuitab 'illis.qui vcl maieaffefii circa Datum rcligiofiim,' vel inurefie habentes in eius flatu regulari iunt potius impedituri eius propofitum , quam fince- ,ifl daturi foufilifi. Ideo confiliu fumat i Sanfiis, , ptccipuc ab illit,qui cognitionem habent flatus religioli , St etiam qualitatum ipfius confilium petentis, St eius flatoi.Et iuua confilium Ecclcf. 37. Non attendat iniquis in omni confiliOi fed cum vico fanfio alfiduus fic. <10. £t nihilominus eflo ratione dubij, quod ex cixeumflanti/s otiti poteft laudabile fic defi. deranti religionem conlulete fanfios > nihilomi. , siot accepta confiiltatione diuturna deliberatio non efl laudabilis , vt habetur ex Plier. Epife. ad i^aa/iauat . Sufficienti enim confiiltatione hahi. n > non efl diutius expefiandum > St leiro tefpi- ’ ciendum-,. II, Tertia confideratio ref|iiclt modum in* grefliis , & qualitatem Religionis. Et In hac par* le multum dubij efle poiell . Et maximd ciica.<. qualitatem religionis locum habere potefl con* iulcatio i St inquifitio g ideo defiderans initato cooluleic debet cum qui regularum , St confuc* tudinum religionum fit conlcius, vt pollk illum dirigere, vt &i magis ptoportionacam Religio* ocm tamquam Tponfam eligere poflic, Semper tar inen caueat , ne confilium ab impcditnWf «cl anale confulcurii accipiat, - 'V s V M M A R I V M. I J» pTOf^nm afftffut KtlijiitaU Indigeti frt^ ittitatvlrnmfitt fi». «.11. s Simplex deftderinm Keliginti 'efl bonum . an- ner.ij. 3 £1, qni non efl /ibi etnfelus de aliipit mtU eir- enmfltntit tbfilninm defdiiinm reiigioait efl bonam, uan 14. , 4 Sui deflderiam bonam iefle ex fuggeflione ; dit- ■bolit <y inflintlit Spiritni StnOi , nnme- ra 15, ) Sutpfopofltnm tfuboanm litet pt nutabile I nnm,t6r 6 Nen omne propefltum bonam dttnr exeentioni * iian.17. 7 Sub eonfilio eedit un habekdua fn proptfiinm inpedieudi Religiouem , non vero tu.illni propoflum , qnod babeinr abeo ,njni /ibi «on efltonfiinemtlxetreumflMUu /it t Spiritu ^nlIo.nnm.iS. 5 JOoSriut refponponit ud prituut nau eget lini- tttitue . uutu.ig. isi CcalioDC autem eius qiiod dicitur ' t,IO>4, rciltcet, Piolite credere erani fpirUni , fed probite fpirilMttUU ex Oet/inc, aduer- uc O.Thom. ad primum , difium ApoC locum cottfidetati debete A recipientibus aliqucm-t ad habitum Religionis , quia ifll nion omni fpiritni hominis ctedeie debent , ,fcd debeut expetiti ■ an qui venit , fimulate veniat , vcl po- tius vcnUcduflus a Spiritu fanfio. Std illi qiii petit recipi, inquit D.Thon* non potefl rllc dii- i bium >an propofitum de ingrcllu religionis ini!, coidc cius exortum fit i Spiritu faiifio, cuius efl duccre bominem in terram tedam . Itaque fentit, D.Tomquod prap^andr ingrefra rtbgionit non indiget probatione i^trnm /it u Deo , Quod tamdo videtur babcccdiffhiulcaieni , cx co quis etiam., Diabolasrzpe immittit propofita bona, rciliccr, de operibus bonis ex genete , St confilifs aggre* diendif ab illis, quos cx fiia/ragditiie, Icu in- dirpofiiione Icit efle cafuros • Et augetuc dilfi- cultas , quia defideranti Religionem incertum-, efle potefl , quo fine illam dcciictet , St vlccrius, an Religio fit fiiz fragilitati ptoponiooata , Se expediat penfatis pcnliindis illum non maneiej infcculo, Comffluniicr enim homines propriat feqnuntnr inclioaiicuics. Ideo qui fiint a.d malum ' vehementer inclinati , vel iu co per habitum c6- firmaci, non videntur apri ad Religionem , fed 'illis ex propria indifcrctionc imminet tuin{ petir culum. Proptctca Coiduba in regnUStaBi Fttn- eifei cap.i.>4,a, inquit limitandam efle , iuxta-a przdiSa , doSiinam D. Tfaom, quamnis videa,- ,cnt oppnfitnm docete , explicans O.I hom, vt Io* quitur quantum fit ex genere operis, quamnis, vcait , Sylucf. alitet intelligci.s v. Rebgiox-1.>» <^'a*male dicau Suatea vero diria cap.8.a«,4. in*' qiutfco^ni O^faom, tfle , quod propofitum le- •— * ligioi*' . • 's62 i. " ,1. ^ # ■■ V- ■ - V- -A ^ ^ T I . - ■*• --.'f *- . «r r. ■ ■ *: ■? JigionisrcgulMiterlitiSpitim fanSo, A: vttale ‘(fle hibcndum, nifi per accident ci aliquid adiu- caiur. quod rufpicionem malam inducat, «t U horao in (t Icntiat deliderium honotis , vel al- terius commodi (cmpoialis cxquoinouctipof- /ic. ij. Eli aoccro hic primo certum , quod de- fidetium limpIclKeligionis , quod cU qazdain .voluntas antecedens , qux fertur in bonum reli- gionis fecunduin (e fumpium, licutienafiut tn indiuiduo bonus . icaeU aSpiriio ranfloiinmii- fus . Ric enim aSus obieAum honeflifEmuin-i ref^cic, nec ex circumflantia efl malus, cum ablttahaticitcuniflann/s, te terminetur ad bo-> nnm religionislecunduiii fe /qlu hic aifluspolsct tSc malus , fl impeditet alium aflum neceflariu , vt cum homo tunc cogitaret , & aSu afficeretur 'ad religionciCum ad aliud attendere dcbcrci.Oe- Vcium limpici religionis delidetiu per le cft aiflut bonus, ideoi^uei Spititu fanflo donatus , St re- fciiri potefl mcoeiiam . cuiindiuiduo uou c6- 'ucniat , imo Iit impuffibilis Religio I etenim ad id, quod efl honcfliffinium poteil voluntas affici etiam (i illud coulequi iioii pulTic. ' Ptopolitum Vero quod habetur ante plenam cuniuliaiionem efl per modum voUtuiatis antecedentis > & con- ditionate, nimirum nili plene coniultaio nego- tio non Iit melius Religionem non ingredi. A- lias vero fl quis ante coofultationeni ptoponac 'omnino abfolutc Religionem , hoc pibpofitum cft malum , te quidem line dubio , & cettillir.ie , 'quia efl voluntas abfolutade te. qux poteil cllo anala ex circumftantiis., iq. Sed fecundo dicendam cft eiiam ■ quod defidccium abfolutum, & abfolutu propoiitu re- ligionis ineoiqui poft lufficitntcm coninltioncm de ctrcumftantijs.non efl conicius alicuius malx circumftantix ceaferi debet cfl'e a Spiritu bn6o. Ratio huius c.fl , qniauonell ,vndc polEcefle: dubium deboniute talis aftus, idcoque Adcj. esiftcDria cius i Spiritu fauUo , cuios omne bo- ^ A EST, CLXXXIX, malx circum Itantix adhibilz efl cenas (anAde: ITderium clTe i Spiritu lauAo certitudine tlonita quidem hac condio ie quantum i^ courcius fum > fed tamen fufficieme adetcludi. dum nouam inquilitioncni,& nounm coiilil^in, an ‘ulis voiuntas‘lit i Spirien laneto ; quia^ cum quantum libi confdus clTc poteil talu >o- lunias licmaiiifcfle. Si cetie bona certitudine ab ' homine haberi poffioili, 'uou tft «ndehomodu. biiet illam elfe i Spiritu faniSo . Et co mago , ‘ quia vt dicebatur , pcopoGcum Rcligionubooa bde habitum continet Icuipcr implicite condi- tionem maioriscanluliatiou's, vbi fle opns eam habete cx patic circumflaiiiiarum . It mfi aliun- de appareat ingrelfum uonconu.-nire. 15. At inquis , potbft clfc fuggefla idiaboi - Io • Rcfpondctur fuppoiii , *cJ quod oniois a^os, qui cft ex luggedioocUiaboli Iit malus,vd quod It liebonns non lic donum Spiritus fandi , quo- tum virumqueeft blfum , ideo veriflimum efl aliquem adum ■ qui efl io nobis ex luggeliionco diaboli non clfc m' nobis nili cx dono Spiriiu: fandi , qui etiam malitia diaboli vtiturin fiocoi bonum . Itaque in ptopofiio verum efl , quod in eo I qui lic , vel ad malum incliDanfl\mus,vcl ex mala conluetudine io malo confirn^atus , potefl cfle, quod defldetium abfolutum, te propofliuiiv Religionis Gc ex Oiabolo . Sed in tali homino, ' vel huc propoGtum habebit adiundam maliia.i, citcumllaniiam inGcicntem adum, te illum ted-’ \ dentem malum , vcl tale propoGtum ciic ptiu-^ cipaliceriSpiriiu.lando exalioGne optimo mo- .l nente calem hoiq.lncm in bonum media lugge.'ij ftione diaboli; qui etiam quam fxpd, decepeoat fuit f St quos credidit calutos , & in peioi tuicu- cos, in Religione vidit, cc capercut fuh Ueo adiunante pctflflcre. ptoGcettf CucCdccan-J dus Igitur efl adfos Io indiuiduo, qui Ii Gc bonos^ ex obicdo, & citcumflanci/s efl ex Speriru lanSa intecius monente cx cuiuscumquexxccriorl(ii^- ‘ geflioncoccanonccur. Scd.G litmaliix noncfil niimcU donum, A i qdoefl omne virtutis pio^^' ' Spiiicu fando, nIC rr 1 petmiiccntc ■ Ac vtroVbi ‘poGcum . De obicdo enim non potefl dubiuci , ~ . quis habens propoGcnm Rcligioais non Gbi Iit an fic bonum, quia Religio eff bonum optimum., cohfciuf alicuius malx citeumflaotiz , ccruiu* Sed neque poteil dubitati de malina circumflan-' diiic humana iion abfoluta , led condicionau. St liaium, quia omnem malam ciccumflancianu). . Gbi poffibili efl .etiam ce[tus illum actum dfu excluiam habemus, quantum Geexfeiemia pio.'- iSpiniu fando, nec habet vade, de hoc du* < ooneiitis, qui non ell cunfeius alicuius malx ad-tl^ bitet. hibitxcitcumflaniix. Sed fidicas,quodhxccll V' ' ><• 'Vrgtbis fitetius, A dices, huinflnodi iucertitudo fallax , quia potefl cife, quodlalten\5'. propuUtnro niurabilc efl, imo A tale eilc poictit. cx minus bona hiteiniune fe moueac , quia non., nofl potefl homo cfle etteus fe bonum bene vcl>J ' IciSt ag'».'c prout oportet, aliter homo poflet cfsc ceitiis de ildfu .gr.itix.Rerp.banc cecticudioe im^ poffibilem habcii ab honiinb non rfle eam . de . qua loquitutD. rb.ft qux facere poffic ad piopo. ,licnmnonram,qaia'hicicrmb habeti deheciiej 'cettiendine, qux ab hcmiiie haberi poflic . Hxc verd non efl cctiltudii omnimoda de bonicaco ^ Tuorum operum i iTcd de cctcitndinc quadam im- perfeda lub qna poicir fubefle falfum,. qux efl certitudo cotiditionaca conanionc illa explicata ab Apollolo , nihil mihi confeiut filSi t ^ed non inhoclufliGcatus Ium,. Homo igitur abfoiptcj' dcOdeians Ueligioneni, te non conGdus alicuius * vt non Gc bonum illud excqui . ^on igiiui erit ceccum illud efle d Spiiiiu laudo . Sed cclpondcc D.Thom. Sc opiimchxcduo liate Gmul, Icilicn, -quod propeGium Gc mutabile, imd iii przfcieo- tia & prouidentia Dei f^rmitlcuiis mala muian* duni , & tamen qnod hc.donum Sp|i itus laudi • Nam te cccatutx coiriipcibilcs Itnc 1 Deo , Sc Dei donom eflgtaiiicotruptibilis amisGbil/s.Ec immobilitas conGli; diuint cft , vt etiam coreop- tibtlia , & corrumpenda oidincc inGdUbiiiinoda ili Gncm faum , qui cft ipfemcc. '17. Quod vero tale peopoGmm Gc tale foC; (an’, tcnec Gc cxcqucndum , nonafficic. Nanxa & Dauid habuit d Spirien fando. prbpontum cx- teuendi templum, 'St caineaDcusaoiuic,«i ipfc . ■ ,'■■■'' ■ •" , hoc • -e. - ■ • ' # A RT 1 CV LV S Zi 'SSr tocpopofinimtxequerctur. Ideo &beDecon- tiogucpoeeft , quod propofitum.rcl gionis Gc in ImmMa Oci , & cimcn quod ptoporitum ccitus piudcoict n6de(ut execuiioui.vel cx nouiier ftt- pcnccideotibus ■ vel cx pnetcritis melius etiam cauGilttatis ■ vel quia Religio ipla. vel iulldt vel biuGc tenuit illum |rcdpete , vel quia aliundu wpeditur executio • i8. Ac tetcid vrgebisi & dices manere inie> gtam ddScuItacem primi arptunentii quia cum ‘propofiium Religionis poluccOe malum cx cit- cumnaucia ■ iam flat iub dubio. A ideo ell fubie- 'Ruiu conGIio , & dclibctaiioni > A non debet qui iemtl habet propoGtum Religionis Gatim Gne a- lia coniulcatione Religionem ingredi . Rerpon* detui quod obiefiio drGcic > quia imo difficultas ptimiargumenci ioluicur .Nam aliud eG , an Gc ntcdlacia confuliacio ad habendum propoGtum Religionis . vel ad illud excquendum i aliud cG. as habenda Gc conlultaiio. an propoGtum.quod habetur Gt i Spiritu ianfio. primum argumen- tum hoc fecundum petebat ■ & volebat proban- dum elle. an propolicom Gt i Spirito fanfio. te banc difficultatem funditus tollit iclponGo,qnia ceitUD cG propoCtumReligionis non vitiatum^ d mala circumGancia cGe donum Spiritui lanfii. ' Sed primum non tangitur in illo primo, argu- xnenio . £t iuxta dtxGiinam traditam m rerp ar.4 aJ habendum propoGcum ablolutum Religionis & illud exequi^um oeceOatia cG coofulcacio cx Illo triplici erpite > Iciliccc quantum ad cucum- flaacias perfonciad modum obeinendiRcligionit ingrcGom . & ad quaUtatera Religionis. Piopo- .£tum enim abioluinm . cum rcipiciat cxccutio-' oeni ■ A ideo refpicuc rem vc Gac fub omnibus dccooiGaneijs • qnat quidem dubietatem b.>bcor. ideo ad illud habend um debet homo conlider*- sc primo le ipfum, an habeat, quod Religioni re- gHigncCi vel quod reddat cum Uami rtligiofoim- pcoportionatum . Secundd quaiuacem Religio- oil , vc eam eligat, io qua Iperet fe ptofeRurum luagis .Tertio, modum ingredus, vc is Gat tunc, & vbi , A quibus mcdiji Gc honcGiui, A melius,*' fed rbi hoc propoGtum detur, non eftdubium,aa^' jlUud Gei Spiritu landto. ip. Nulla igitur alia limiacioneiodigrtdo^ Urina O.Tbom. quam illa . qua in aidcum con- xinetnt . A cx qua habctur,quod non cG necciTa- aia coofultatio niG vbi cG dubium , A quod io>. fnleari naminc dubium cGc porcG,vel cx parte, jietfonz dcGduantis Religionem , vel ex parces pardcularis Religionis dcGdcraca, vel, ex parce, nodi obtinendi iogrcGtim rcligionUout aliarum cReumGanciarum , A ctica huiurmodi laudabilis cR conlukatio 1 viris fanetis, A prudentibus af- ■ gtimenda • .£c ita etiam inducens ad UcGgionem moa detecid prxGare, uiG hisconbdciacit , A ’ ;. ciMsfuIcis. Quod cG illud idem, quod docuit SyU. ’ inatitaU. Vbi de fuo nihil ponit , fed in fub-. dlancia relcK dodrinam IXThM.io boc A fupex V ■tdcHloopdmdquidcmcpilogxcam, A incclle- Aanu. Et bceui diloicfu do6rina' data compro- batur >.quia omne propo&tum Religionis, velcih conditioqacum condicione, oiG ingceiTus cx ali- tum , A hoc vel habetur non pramiOa rufficieotl confulcacione , A hoc propoGcum euidenccr cft malum , cam Gc abfolutum dc te, qua poceG eOe malace ciccumGancijs.A ideo non cG ncccGaria confuliacio dc cius malitia , qua cG certa, vel cG propoGcum abfolutum poG lufficieniem conful- cionem, A boc vc probatum cG bonum eOe cll certum • , s y M M A R I y m: a I» muttit itgrtffia it Rtliettm tonJlUmiltmli (irtm ctratlitm itfitm • sam.io, ao. T N rcfponGone edam ad fecundonj, optimum documentum conunccur , (citicec negotium ingrcGiis Religionis non ede> conferendum cum amicis, quia Gequeacer amici carnales aduerfancur profcRui ipititoali , vc ha- ' betur cx Mich- cap-7- A C/rill- >* ‘tp, g. Luca . , £c ideo caucus cGe debet , quifencitfc vocatum i Spiticu fanGo , se ab amicis carnalibus impe- - dimencum inucoiat, A teminifei buius aurea piopoGciouis. Afpieit ttim rart , fui diUiionem gmttttttttalhnt rtdttnii deiausti eT-runi propiu* quit cnftrttdi. Vnde inter amicos carnales. quo- rum conGlium habendum eG fufpcGum nume- raoiucciiain propinqui. Vbi tamen non Gt peri- culnm impcaimeim . landabile erit nondifpone- re de feipfo in te cauci moinend, niG de fcientia > A obedientia parentum, fub quociim cura filius .vlmci Ai quibus fuit geoicus. svmmar IV m: I ^uAcircumGaniiafit malus, A hoc piopoftcun p HB>j?<£cflbeauini yd ptopoffiiui)^ A- i AI ScUgintmii[ptlitiuH tx terittiuwttit- rsfitth, suai.ii- a Timtt ti* pertniemti ti ptrfc3iencm irtt- UtnuuUs , uuaa.sx, 3 Naiiu itUlptJiiit , f«c fu in patcHue bmitit dtbet rttittubtminti» th in^rtlJn rthgiiinu, aauf.si, tu T N rerpoafione edam ad terdnm non-' J, nulla ajaercendx fune- Ecqiiideai_ primo , quod vc habet Caiec, A cx Illo aduertunc Corduba. A Suarez optima difpoGdo ad ingref- fum Rcliglouis neccifatix eG abrenunciate ex corde Gnecro omnibus , A in hac abrenunciado- ne conliilunr fumprus neccirarij ad xdificiam-u catnsfpiritoalispctrcSionit, ideo cococonam quifquc debet operari , vt hanc abrcnunciatio- ocm obtineat . sic enim A ChriGus dixit Mate." vati vtnite ptfi me tbtigtt femaipftm, ullat ttiaemfttm,&fewtt*Tme4 as- Aducrcendum O-Thom-folide exemplo *. A doGrina S.Aog-48-Ceuf. c. 1 1. probate , quo<s timoc non pcructuendi ad pctfcdionem in llatii xeligiofoelt irrationabilis, quia nihil cG, quod homo fiduciam habens in Dei auxiUo non obtU neat. x]. ExhocveroeoUigiearqaod deroentej D.Tbom. in hac rerponfione i aulla cG in honii- Bc tadifpofido^ qnc .fic ia bominis potcQate , vc . ■ ' ilUuq • « * _ » • •* v-i'- IU*mtoll« 1 qiic debeat hominem arcere ab in< eiedu rcUp.ionii > quantumcumque illam aaler* Je fit difficile ; quia graiix Dci nihil eft difficile, ftiucvim ChrifiieO iugom fuaue. Neeobftat, quod vt plutioiuB homines rcqnantar prauasin* limationes, quia hoc ell teram , quia deficiunt sratix Dei . & quia non e« toto, * perfcfta qua- dam voluntate . radicata bonum amant . Sed fi quis grati* Dei nolit deefle . ft in Deo fperans nb refiRac Deo inlpiraod fanftiiro propolitum , Oc 4b(olutum velle bonum , 3c illud confcruaoti , ex lioe habebit efficaciffimai vires , qu» omnero^fu- perauc difficultatem . Ideo flatus religionis abfo- lute omnibus conuenit, at in eo omnes proficete polTunt . 6 alias fint libeti i vinculis matrimonii ^1 fimilibui . qu* impediunt fimplicuer logref- ium religionis, fit bend admonet D.Thom.quod Keligio non eft arraamentum Saul , quod fqluiq aptetur Sauli, fedeft bonum omnibus conue- niens , in quo omnis poteft per Dei gratiam per- uenire ad leropiternaro reqmem animaram . Ad qnam nos perducat ipfc. qui promifit Iclus Chri. itus Dominus nofter, quieftfupet omnia Qeu$ beocdi^us in fcculo < 0^AEST, CLXXXIX4 \ f li frihtHt petr/J pradper*; & fui praeeprt aU|- gure Iftmiios «iani m infiitnu» > tinmfu eea/«ra> *»n.|o. aa Prafati i*i bibent in tunitioi InrifiilUmm fnnt Gintrnbu PnmntinUtt&inxinfiylm tmn/cnm^ue rtbfionit fnfttmtt hitkt , numAii 1] ^nitieUa» tmmifft in ««aHiialu togaernl rttluns ttgnUiriifinemtinn ni fnnlnm rt- iijt.nnm.in> 14 Z3e ieUBotommlfun ntnilli) inm in fetniiif- fit , nonagntltlifttnltrii iuiex, tutmft ie~ tin^ntnt ingriiitinr in frnndtmfi i•gr^n■{ tfivitiini. nnm. 13.
| 13,146 |
9ef22f7ee9ac947688ed5d4ef36df2dd
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Licence ouverte
| null |
Décret n°2023-1411 du 30 décembre 2023, article 1
|
LEGI
|
French
|
Spoken
| 46 | 65 |
Le corps des personnels d'exploitation de Voies navigables de France, classé dans la catégorie C au sens de l'article L. 411-2 du code général de la fonction publique, est régi par les dispositions du décret du 11 mai 2016 susvisé et par celles du présent décret.
| 50,686 |
https://github.com/guduf/itm/blob/master/projects/itm-core/src/lib/action.spec.ts
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
itm
|
guduf
|
TypeScript
|
Code
| 97 | 418 |
import Action from './action';
describe('ItmAction', () => {
const rawAction = {key: 'foo', nativeEvent: {}, target: {}};
let action: Action.Unresolved;
it('should create a unresolved action', () => {
action = new Action.Unresolved(rawAction);
expect(action instanceof Action.Generic).toBeTruthy('Expected instance of generic action');
expect(action.key).toBe(rawAction.key);
expect(action.nativeEvent).toBe(rawAction.nativeEvent);
expect(action.target).toBe(rawAction.target);
expect(action.resolved).toBe(false);
expect(action.failed).toBe(false);
});
it('should create a resolved action', () => {
const result = {};
const resolved = new Action.Resolved(action, result);
expect(resolved.key).toBe(rawAction.key);
expect(resolved.nativeEvent).toBe(rawAction.nativeEvent);
expect(resolved.target).toBe(rawAction.target);
expect(resolved.resolved).toBe(true);
expect(resolved.failed).toBe(false);
expect(resolved.result).toBe(result);
});
it('should create a failed action', () => {
const err = new Error();
const resolved = new Action.Failed(action, err);
expect(resolved.key).toBe(rawAction.key);
expect(resolved.nativeEvent).toBe(rawAction.nativeEvent);
expect(resolved.target).toBe(rawAction.target);
expect(resolved.resolved).toBe(true);
expect(resolved.failed).toBe(true);
expect(resolved.error).toBe(err);
});
});
| 5,251 |
https://github.com/Ridanisaurus/ActuallyAdditions/blob/master/src/main/java/de/ellpeck/actuallyadditions/common/jei/coffee/CoffeeMachineRecipeCategory.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
ActuallyAdditions
|
Ridanisaurus
|
Java
|
Code
| 123 | 648 |
package de.ellpeck.actuallyadditions.common.jei.coffee;
import java.util.Arrays;
import de.ellpeck.actuallyadditions.common.ActuallyAdditions;
import de.ellpeck.actuallyadditions.common.tile.TileEntityCoffeeMachine;
import de.ellpeck.actuallyadditions.common.util.AssetUtil;
import de.ellpeck.actuallyadditions.common.util.StringUtil;
import mezz.jei.api.IGuiHelper;
import mezz.jei.api.gui.IDrawable;
import mezz.jei.api.gui.IRecipeLayout;
import mezz.jei.api.ingredients.IIngredients;
import mezz.jei.api.recipe.IRecipeCategory;
public class CoffeeMachineRecipeCategory implements IRecipeCategory<CoffeeMachineRecipeWrapper> {
public static final String NAME = "actuallyadditions.coffee";
private final IDrawable background;
public CoffeeMachineRecipeCategory(IGuiHelper helper) {
this.background = helper.createDrawable(AssetUtil.getGuiLocation("gui_nei_coffee_machine"), 0, 0, 126, 92);
}
@Override
public String getUid() {
return NAME;
}
@Override
public String getTitle() {
return StringUtil.localize("container.nei." + NAME + ".name");
}
@Override
public String getModName() {
return ActuallyAdditions.NAME;
}
@Override
public IDrawable getBackground() {
return this.background;
}
@Override
public void setRecipe(IRecipeLayout recipeLayout, CoffeeMachineRecipeWrapper wrapper, IIngredients ingredients) {
recipeLayout.getItemStacks().init(0, true, 89, 20);
recipeLayout.getItemStacks().set(0, Arrays.asList(wrapper.ingredient.getInput().getMatchingStacks()));
recipeLayout.getItemStacks().init(1, true, 44, 38);
recipeLayout.getItemStacks().set(1, wrapper.cup);
recipeLayout.getItemStacks().init(2, true, 1, 38);
recipeLayout.getItemStacks().set(2, Arrays.asList(TileEntityCoffeeMachine.COFFEE.getMatchingStacks()));
recipeLayout.getItemStacks().init(3, false, 44, 69);
recipeLayout.getItemStacks().set(3, wrapper.theOutput);
}
}
| 12,624 |
https://github.com/HiraokaHyperTools/ayame/blob/master/src/js/bootstrap.ts
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| 2,020 |
ayame
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HiraokaHyperTools
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TypeScript
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Code
| 12 | 237 |
require("../../node_modules/bootstrap-styl/js/transition.js")
require("../../node_modules/bootstrap-styl/js/alert.js")
require("../../node_modules/bootstrap-styl/js/button.js")
require("../../node_modules/bootstrap-styl/js/carousel.js")
require("../../node_modules/bootstrap-styl/js/collapse.js")
require("../../node_modules/bootstrap-styl/js/dropdown.js")
require("../../node_modules/bootstrap-styl/js/modal.js")
require("../../node_modules/bootstrap-styl/js/tooltip.js")
require("../../node_modules/bootstrap-styl/js/popover.js")
require("../../node_modules/bootstrap-styl/js/scrollspy.js")
require("../../node_modules/bootstrap-styl/js/tab.js")
require("../../node_modules/bootstrap-styl/js/affix.js")
| 38,872 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2376991
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StackExchange
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,010 |
Stack Exchange
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Georgios, Oliver Sewell, Stack n Stuff, Víctor Suaer, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4831551, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4831552, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4831672, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4859610, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6644352, kalez
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English
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Spoken
| 137 | 207 |
Tagging searching for previous tags, while allowing for new tags to be accepted
I'm looking for a jQuery plug-in that works the way tagging works on Last.fm.
Tagging on Last.fm, uses an autosuggest to find previous tags and recommend them. If you select one of these tags, it updates the CSS like Facebook so it has a bubble around it with an X.
Tags are seperated with a comma: ,
For tags entered that are new and not found in the autosuggest, if you type in 'adsadsasd' and then enter a comma, that text is then wrapped in the same style as above on Last.fm.
Anyone know of any plug-ins that will do this in jQuery?
Here's a nice new jQuery Plugin which will even place an image around each tag and add a remove button.
http://plugins.jquery.com/project/tag-it
| 48,941 |
abu3433.0002.001.umich.edu_4
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English-PD
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,899 |
The life and letters of Sir John Everett Millais, president of the Royal academy
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Millais, John Guille, 1865-1931
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English
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Spoken
| 6,856 | 8,988 |
INfow, however, w^hen he saw "The Yeoman" for the first time, he could no longer resist the temptation. The picture must be his at any cost; and he bought it. A proud man was he that day and ever afterwards of this possession. We children knew^ nearly every touch of the brush on the canvas; yet every time we went to see the new owner the whole category of its charms had to be recounted over and over again and carefully explained to us, as if we had never seen the picture before. His admiration for it was simply un- bounded; and when, later on, the artist expressed a desire that it should be left to the nation, he unselfishly jumped at the suggestion and carried, it out by his will. Mr. Spielmann's opinion of the work may be gathered from the following critique : — "It was this picture which caused the French artists to exclaim at the Paris Exhibition of 1878, and opened Meis- sonnier's eyes, as he himself said, to the fact that England had a great school and a great painter. This management of scarlet, gold, and blue — a striking yet not forced harmony • — is among the fine things in modern Art. The subject, too, is a touching one — the "Yeoman of the Guard," the old Beef Eater of the Tower, waiting at his post for that last roll- call that will dismiss him for eternity. /There is fine character in the head — the dignity and sense of duty that absorbs all his intellectual faculty — and a daring, not to say audacity, that does not shock because of the power of the painter. The effect of the flesh, neither executed by recipe nor con- cealed by over-painting, is not produced by that savant handling we commonly expect from a great master of the brush ; there is such conspicuous absence of show of dexterity that some are prepared, in this picture, to deny to the painter the capacity for cleverness w^hich he did not choose to exert." •■;f 'A YEOMAN OF THP: GUARD." 1876 II — 6 1876] A TRYING TIME 83 The Queen of Holland, who had visited my father and mother more than once in Cromwell Place, was good enough to send them an invitation this year to visit her, but unfor- tunately they could not avail themselves of it. The Queen was a very clever woman, with a great love of Art, and practised it with considerable success. "Stitch, Stitch, Stitch," was now painted, and presented to G. F. Watts, R. A., in return for the excellent portrait of Millais by that great artist. In reply came the following letter : — From Mr. G. F. Watts, R. A. "Little Holland House, '^July i()th, 1876. "My dear Millais, — I cannot tell you how greatly I admire the picture you have sent me ! You have never done anything better. I shall have it up in my studio, as an example to follow. I feel proud of the possession. " Yours very sincerely, "G. F. Watts." About this time my father, who had so often called upon his family, especially his daughters, to act as his models, determined for his own pleasure to paint all their portraits, and in turn we all sat to him for this purpose ; but his best works this year were the portraits of Mrs. Sebastian Schle- singer and the twin daughters of Mr. J. R. Hoare. My sister Carrie and myself also sat as models for a picture called " Getting Better " — certainly one of the least successful of his works. The autumn unfortunately was rather a trying time for him. Having determined on " The Sound of Many Waters " as the subject of his next landscape, he betook himself to the Rumbhng Brig, near Dunkeld, where in a little cottage be- longing to Mr. Tomson, close to the well-known waterfall, he found apartments near the scenery he wished to paint, the view being taken from the left bank of the river Braan immediately above the fall where it is spanned by the Brig. He started, however, so late in the year that he had to put up with many discomforts in the shape of snow and storm that seriously interfered with his work, as will be seen from the following letter to his daughter Mary : — 84 JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS [1876 To Miss Mary Millais. "Rumbling Brig, " November gth^ 1876. " Dearest Mary,— I fear that, after all, I shall have to give my work up and finish it next year, as there is nothing but snow over all, and I have a cold as well, which makes it positively dangerous to paint out in such weather as this. However, we will see what to-morrow brings. It is dread- fully dull here when there is nothing to do. I have been in my hut this morning, and I hoped a blink of sun would thaw sufficiently the snow on the foreground rocks to enable me to get on, but the storm is on again, and it is simply ridiculous trying to work, as everything is hidden with a white sheet. . .. " The madman is still here, and I have had no word from Dundee about his family. He preaches with naked feet, all day, to the rocks and trees. " Your affectionate father, "J. E. Millais." The madman referred to was a poor creature who appeared nearly every day, and somewhat annoyed the artist by his persistent attentions. Writing to his wife on November loth, Millais says: — " Tgot rid of the madman by writing to the Superintendent of Police in Dundee, who came this morning and fetched him away. He has been under the influence of Father P , and was preaching, barefooted, to the rocks and trees all day." Writing to her again, on November 14th, he says: — "This picture is full of vicissitudes. I recommenced work yesterday, and got on wonderfully, but required water ; and it has come with a vengeance to-day; and again I am trembling for the safety of my hut, as it is submerged at this very moment' — a perfect deluge, and likely to continue all night. I have, however, got on so extraordinarily well these last two days that I may finish this week if I have a house to paint in. The labour in this painting is certainly muck greater than in any I have yet done, and it will be very thoroughly carried out. ... I am sure no sledge-harnessed mariner of Nares' crew has worked harder than I have at this North Pole of a picture. I stand until I am ready to drop, and drink enough whiskey and water to make an ordinary man quite giddy ; but without feeling it" THE EARL OF SHAFTESBURY. 1877 By permission of the British and Foreign Bible Society 1877] THE PRINCESS OF WALES 87 As he anticipated, the deluge continued. In one night the river was swollen to bursting point ; it broke over the banks and swept away the painting-house and smashed it to pieces amongst the rocks. Happily for Millais, he had some warning of what was coming, or his picture would have been swept away too. Early in the morning he saw the danger, while at work with the Tomsons trying to strengthen the river bank; and just in the nick of time they seized the picture and carried it off in safety to the cottage. Then the weather changed again, turning suddenly warm and mild, and in great joy Millais finished his picture, and bore it off in triumph to Birnam. His last letter to my mother from the Rumbling Bridge is redolent of the doubts and fears which constantly beset every true artist, even when he has done his best work. He says : — "I am still suffering a great deal from standing constantly in such a damp place, but it is well over now. I really don't know what the result is. Sometimes I think the work is the best thing I have done, and at others I think it is a failure. All I know is that I can do no more." During the summer of 1876 he received a commission from Manchester to paint H. R. H. the Princess of Wales, who, as intimated by Colonel Gardiner, graciously consented to sit. Unfortunately, however, the day named conflicted with Millais' engagements ; so he ventured to express the hope that a later date might be arranged. The Princess herself very kindly consented to this ; but for some reason or other the Manchester authorities changed their minds, and, to the great disappointment of the artist, the arrange- ment fell through. In the following year (1877) he painted two beautiful subjects from Scott's novels, " Effie Deans " and " The Bride of Lammermoor." The models for " Effie Deans " were Mr. Arthur Gwynne James (nephew to Lord James of Hereford), my brother Everett, Mrs. Langtry, and Mrs. Stibbard. Mr. James was also good enough to stand for the Master of Ravenswood in " The Bride of Lammermoor," Lucy Ashton being represented by a very pretty girl who formerly served in Aldous' flower-shop, in Gloucester Road. This picture was finished in February, 1878. Its value as a work of Art may be gathered from the following letter. 88 JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS [1878 From Mr. G. F. Watts, R. A, " Little Holland House, ''July 2()th, 1878. "My dear Millais, — I have only just seen your ' Bride of Lammermoor/ and must write to tell you how much it charmed me. Lucy Ashton's mouth is worthy of any number of ' medailles/ and the French were quite right to give it to you (I disapprove highly of the principle of giving such things at all, and may perhaps say so very distinctly, but that is another matter). I hope your boy is better. Yours very sincerely, " G. F. Watts." *' Effie Deans," now in the possession of Sir Edmund Loder, is one of Millais' most successful pictures in the field of romance. "Yes!" (another picture of his, painted in 1877) shows a pair of lovers saying good-bye.^ Mr. Lionel Benson, a well-known vocalist, stood for the man, and a professional model took the part of the lady. Mr. Barwell says, " Within a day of sending in this picture the lovely head of the girl appeared to the painter not high enough above the shoulders. He had the courage and the skill to shift and repaint the head about three-quarters of an inch higher — a task so difficult that the success accomplished on the spur of the moment is truly astonishing. The altera- tion is said to have occupied one morning only." Early in 1878 was commenced his picture of " The Princes in the Tower," for which he had already painted the gloomy staircase at St. Mary's Tower, Birnam, N. B. Not being quite satisfied that the background was sufficiently like the spot in "The Bloody Tower," where the boys are sup- posed to have been murdered, he sent me on three successive days to make pencil sketches of. the interior; and finding from them that he had got the steps too small, and the stair- case going the wrong way, he went and made drawings himself. Then, throwing aside the work he had already * This picture, I am ashamed to say, was the subject of much unseemly jest amongst the artist's family, who strongly objected to the portmanteau introduced here as suggestive of departure. We always spoke of it to him as, " Have you. put in my sponge-bag and tooth-brush ? " THOMAS CARLYLE (Hands Unfinished). XZ77 National Portrait Gallery 1878] A REMARKABLE GIFT 91 done, he started the picture again on a new and larger canvas, showing the exact surroundings of the place where the bodies of the murdered princes were found. The first canvas was eventually used as the background for " The Grey Lady," illustrating an observation Mr. Wells, R. A., once made to me : — " One of Millais' most remarkable gifts," he said, " was his readiness to grasp at once the utility of either backgrounds or models, and assign them, without apparent forethought, to the composition of the very pictures for which they were most suitable. The face of the women in ' The Huguenot ' and ' The Rescue,' the old knight in * Sir Isumbras,' and many others were actually portraits of human beings, and yet they represented to the life characters in the scenes depicted. It is no easy task to work up from a model the exact character that is wanted. Millais just looked about amongst his friends, or models came to him, and he saw at a glance for what subject or story they were best suited, whilst lots of us were racking our brains to know what to do with, perhaps, the very same material. Now (as a remarkable instance of this) the mother of those two handsome boys in * The Princes in the Tower' came to me and asked if I could make use of them in any way. I saw at once what picturesque little chaps they were, and for more than a fortnight cudgelled my brains to find some use for them. At last my mind was made up, I strolled round to Millais' one afternoon to tell him of my intention, when, to my astonishment, I saw on his easel figures of my prospective models already half finished in the picture we have mentioned. The fact was, that after seeing me, the boys had been taken to Millais, who at once assigned to them the characters of the young princes, and began his picture the very next day." ^ It is, perhaps, a trivial thing to record, but I have heard my father say he could never look at this picture without feeling the scrunch of acid-drops beneath his feet. Those young wretches, he explained, would bring packets of these delicacies when coming to sit, and whiled away the time by eating them. Now and then some would fall to the floor, irritating him beyond measure when he trod upon them. This year (1878) was a very sad one for Millais and his family. No sooner had he finished a portrait of Mrs. Langtry (" The Jersey Lily "), then in the zenith of her beauty, than * The mother of these two fair-haired boys was a former model. She sat to Millais for the figure in " The White Cockade." 92 JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS [1878 his second son, George, was taken seriously ill. While keeping his terms at Cambridge he contracted typhoid fever, and being a very keen sportsman he so far neglected his health as to go out snipe-shooting while still under medical care. A chill ensued, followed by consumption, and in August he passed away at Bowerswell at the age of nineteen. It was a terrible blow to my parents — all the heavier as he was now old enough to be a companion to my father during his autumn holiday, and many a happy day had they spent together with rod and gun. Never dreaming that his end was so near, they had taken him with them to Scotland, for which they started earlier than usual this year, having secured a little house called Dhivack, situated in the heart of the Inverness-shire moun- tains, about eight miles north of Loch Ness and the village of Drumnadrochit — a lovely place belonging to Mr. Arthur Lewis and tenanted for several years by John Phillip, r. a. For some weeks after this my father was too depressed in spirit either to work or to play ; and it was not till the end of September that he plucked up courage to go to some of the deer-drives at Balmacaan, organised by the late Earl of Seafield. Occasionally, too, he trolled for big trout in Loch Ness, where the gloomy grandeur of the ruined Castle Urquhart — "the tower of strength which stood four-square to all the winds of heaven " — seemed to echo the sentiments of his own sad heart, and presently he determined to paint it. If (as I think) the picture must be admitted a failure, it must be remembered that it was painted only as a distraction from the sorrowful thoughts of a man bowed down with grief. CHAPTER XV 1878-1881 The new house — Millais' delight in Kensington Gardens — He receives, in Paris, the Gold " Medaille d'Honneur " — Is likewise created an Officier du Legion d'Honneur^ — Sir Edgar Boehm's letter on the Paris Exhibition — Letter from Monsieur £mile Bayard — French recognition of British Art — Notes by Pro- fessor Herkomer — iVEr. Frith, r.a., on Paris artists and studios — Millais and Frith are painted for Gambarfs house — Sarah Bernhardt — Invitation from the Queen of Spain — Albert Gray's notes on Millais*^ visit to Holland — His admiration for Rembrandt and Franz-Hals — ''Paul Potter's Bull," a poor production — " Barry Lyndon " — Gladstone — His portrait of 1879 — Sir Edward Poynter on this picture — It is presented to the nation — Letter from Mr. Gladstone to the author — Alcyone Stepney — " Cherry Ripe " — Appreci- ations from distant lands — Princess Elizabeth — Sophie Millais sits for the picture — Lines on Princess Elizabeth — Eastwood — Thomas T Millais a D.C.L. of Oxford — John Bright — Millais paints his own portrait for the Uffizzi Gallery — Miss Beatrice Buckstone — Letter from Sir William Richmond — The Millais Exhibition, 1881 — Letters from artists — Lord Beaconsfield — Letters from him — His very last letter — His death — Autograph letter from the Queen — Millais paints, for Her Majesty, a small replica of Lord Beacons- field's portrait. THE house in Palace Gate being now finished and ready for occupation, Millais was glad to leave Cromwell Place in 1878 and take possession of his new and more commodious home. Writing of it in 1885, Mr. W. Arm- strong says : — " Before the visitor puts his hand on the bell he will stand a moment to examine the home Sir John has raised for himself. It is characteristic of the man. None of the thought-out quaintness of the Anglo-Dutch revival, but a great plain square house, with an excrescence here and there where demanded by convenience. The ornamental details are Renaissance of a rather severe type, the few columns introduced being Roman, Doric, and Ionic. From the side towards the park the most conspicuous thing is the great studio window. The whole of this fa9ade is rather shape- less, no doubt because it was thought that the open ground 93 94 JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS [1878 to the north would be soon occupied by masking houses. But the main front is an excellent piece of design, especially in the details. The credit for the work has often been given to Sir John Millais himself, but as a fact he did no more than sketch out a general notion of what he wanted for the use of Mr, Philip Hardwick, the responsible architect. '* The hall is a room about five-and-thirty feet square, with a marble pavement and dado. It is divided into parts by white marble columns, beyond which the wide staircase rises in three flights to the first floor. The white marble gives the keynote to the decoration both of hall and stair- case ; except that the doors, which open all around, are of dark polished mahogany, the whole is as high in tone as London air will let it be. The ornaments are a few busts on gaineSy and the general effect is that of a Genoese palazzo. To the right of the hall is the morning-room, and the walls of both are almost hidden under etched, en- graved, and photographed reproductions of Sir John Millais' pictures. " On the first floor landing we find the famous fountain with Boehm's black marble sea lion. Behind the fountain hangs a piece of tapestry, and on either flank stand busts." On the right of the landing is the large dining-room hung with Millais' own works, and two enormous pier-glasses, whose carved frames are attributed to John of Bologna; on two other sides are drawing-rooms, and on the fourth is his studio. " This," says Mr. Armstrong, " is a room about forty feet long by twenty-five wide and twenty high. It is dis- tinguished from most of the studios lately built in London by its simplicity. There are no cunningly-devised corners, or galleries, or ingle-nooks, or window-seats ; the severity of Mr. Hardwick's architecture prevails here as in all the rest. The only ornaments are a few oak pilasters running up to the cove of the ceiling, and the finely-proportioned mantelpiece. For an active and popular painter a large studio is a necessity, and even this spacious room Sir John finds none too large." That is quite true : space meant much to Millais. He liked to see his work, whatever it might be, from all points of view, and to walk backwards and forwards in front of it, studying it under all lights. The floor was of parquet; and it amused him to notice, as he often did, young visitors looking at it instead of the pictures, for he knew that their Wm. "THE BRIDE OF LAMMERMOOR." 1877 By permission of Thos. Agnew and Sons 1878] MILLAIS' NEW HOUSE 97 thoughts were tending rather to the worship of Terpsichore than that of Pallas Athenae. "What a lovely room for a dance ! " was commonly the first exclamation. And in truth it was. It was lit by electricity, and on three of the walls hung Italian tapestries. In the left-hand corner was the bureau, and near it a table covered with the artist s painting materials. In the centre stood the dais for his models, and facing it, at the end of the room, was the large canvas of " Time clipping the Wings of Love," painted by Vandyke, and purchased by Millais at the Blenheim sale. In a word, the house was all that he desired ; but un- fortunately there was no garden, and the intervention of Thorny Lodge deprived him of an uninterrupted view of Kensington Gardens, in which he delighted to stroll, espe- cially in the early mornings, when the chestnuts and almond trees were coming into bloom. " After all, I am but a few steps from the country," he used to say. " There are few parks in England more beautiful than these gardens. I could paint some good landscapes here." To this extent he was a thorough cockney, though he could never bring himself to say, with the Iron Duke, " London is the best place in the world to live in for half the year, and I don't know any better for the other six months." In his younger days he was not too proud to hire a boat and have a good row on the Serpentine, and in later life he would often spend an hour leaning over the railings of the ornithological enclosure, watching the ducks, wood-pigeons, and peacocks displaying themselves. Any little bit of natural history so near at hand delighted him, and great was his joy one morning when he discovered a couple of pheasants in the shrubberies near Rotten Row. *' There's more game here than at Craig Vinian," he said, with a twinkle in his eye, Craig Vinian being a shooting he had rented where the sport was very poor. Though himself no gardener, he was, as might be expected of the painter of " Ophelia," fond of everything that grew and flowered. Of a solitary bed of lilies of the valley which raised their heads amidst the London smuts in our back courtyard he was inordinately proud ; and a vine that climbed over the back of the house, and in summer led its dainty tendrils through the open windows, he came to regard with almost the scientific interest of such horticulturists as Pope and Shenstone. 98 JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS [1878 Apropos of his love for Kensington Gardens, Miss Jamieson, my mother's cousin, favours me with a pathetic reminiscence. She says: — "The last walk I ever had with him was about a fortnight before he was finally restricted to the house. It was late in the afternoon of a spring day, the sun shining brightly and a cold east wind. He told me he would take and show me something beautiful. We went into the Gardens to a spot where there was a magnificent magnolia in full blossom. This was what he wished to show. He could not speak above a whisper, but pointed constantly with his stick to these flowers and the different spring blossoms that he loved so well, making his usual remark of the delight it was to have such gardens so near at hand to walk in. I always associate them with him now." From the Art point of view, it was a propitious year for Millais, this Annus Domini 1878. He had sent to the Inter- national Art Exhibition at Paris several important works> including *' Chill October," " A Yeoman of the Guard," "Madame Bischoffsheim," "The Three Miss Armstrongs," and "The Bride of Lammermoor"; and ;;^<3^/^r^ the prejudice of the French Academy against foreign Art, especially British, had won for his exhibits their highest prize, the gold medaille dhonneur. Determined, too, to mark still more emphatically their appreciation of his talent, the French conferred upon him, along with Sir Alma Tadema, the honour of an officer of the Legion d'honneur. To Professor Herkomer was also awarded the gold medal of the Academy, and great joy w^as it to them all not only to find their works placed on a level with those of Meissonnier, Gerome, Bonnat, and other distinguished French artists, but to feel that they had helped to raise English Art and English artists to a position never before attained in the land of the Gaul.. Mr. Frith, r.a., was the first to tell Millais the good news. Referring to the medaille d'konneur, he writes : — "I con- gratulate you on your well-deserved success, and I don't believe there is an artist in England who, after swearing he ought to have had it himself, will begrudge you the honour." ^ From Boehm, too, the famous sculptor, and from M. Emile Bayard, editor of the Journal Officiel, came, as will be seen> most appreciative letters. ;i-;^ "EFFIE DEANS." 1877 By permission of Thos. Agnew and Sons 1878] PRAISE FROM FRANCE loi From Mr, J, E, Boehm, '' Hotel de la Place du Palais Royal, ^^ Paris ^ le 30 Avril, 1878. ''My dear Millais, — I cannot resist to congratulate you upon the splendid effect which your pictures make in the exhibition here. We certainly will be very pleased when you come over to see them. They are the first which strike one most forcibly on entering the first room of the English Art Department, where they almost occupy the whole room. On the left-hand side the old mariner [Trelawny] looks quite superb. Madame Bischoffsheim seems to walk out of the frame, and some of the French artists I saw, who peeped in, are tremendously struck with your work. Altogether British painters are splendidly represented, and everyone must feel proud and glad at the judicious selection. The exhibition is far from being finished, and is the biggest and grandest thing of the kind that ever was made. It gives me the impression of being the last that ever will be. It covers miles on both sides of the Seine. No flooring was done yet (yesterday), and the most prominent object in the industrial part are packing-cases and straw. The light for sculpture is bad, though my rearing cart-horse looks very well in the open air, and Leighton s figure fine, and makes a sensation. " I think you ought to have no misgivings about your very fine work ; light, arrangement, everything most satisfactory ; so forgive this long rigmarole. I could not help it. " Ever yours sincerely, " J. E. BoEHM." From M, Entile Bayard, "Paris, 14 Mah 1878. " Monsieur et Maitre, — J'ai re9u de M. Hodgkinson une lettre charmante dans laquelle il m'autorise a reproduire votre ' Garde Royal.' Je lui ecris pour le remercier. " Quel autre tableau de vous pourrais-je obtenir des pro- prietaires .f^ Si je pouvais avoir les Montagues d'Ecosse par exemple, superbe paysage, je serais bien heureux. Enfin, mon cher Maitre, si vous voulez bien etre assez bon pour m'indiquer vous meme comment je dois faire pour obtenir une deuxieme oeuvre, vous m'aurez aide a ma besogne qui est de populariser en France votre glorieux nom et d'apprendre au I02 JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS [1878 public ce que tous les artistes savent deja, a savoir quel puissant peintre vous etes. " Veuillez agreer, Monsieur et Maitre, rassurance de mon profound respect. " Votre humble^serviteur, " Emile Bayard, " du Journal OfficieU' Rather different this from the tone of M. Theophile Gautier in 1855, when he laughed to scorn the works of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood as '* eccentricities only to be found in Albion." Equally significant, too, are the observa- tions of M. Duranty, who, writing this year (1878) in one of the French reviews, is glad to notice the immense advance in English Art since 1855. In a most interesting article he traces the origin of the English school to Holland, "an origin of parentage, but not of imitation. The same houses, the same sky, the same manners, the same maritime life, the same religious tendencies, are found in England and the Netherlands. Since 1855 the influence of French and Italian Art has produced its effect, though the national character of the school is little altered. Through all the differences of schools and tendencies the English eye has remained thb same." The school of Mr. Ruskin and the Pre-Raphaelites is, he thinks, on the wane. " Mr. Millais especially, by the force of his artistic intuitions, and influenced somewhat by Baron Leys and M. Jules Breton, has been able to emanci- pate himself from most of the fetters which trammelled him in his earlier career. Minute Pre-Raphaelism has disap- peared, but the bold and vigorous hand, the penetrating eye of 1855, are more vigorous and penetrating in 1878. The variety of his work is splendid, ranging from exact minute- ness to the greatest effects, and is suffused with the magic of the most dreamy and pensive charm. Millais is one of the men of the Art of the nineteenth century." With the usual French aptitude to generalise, M. Duranty cleverly sums up the characters of the various continental and insular schools in this wise : — ^' German painting," he says, " is sober, restrained, reflective, grave, sometimes profound, some- times smiling ; but it seems to bear the weight of a grey sky and to reflect the cares of a laborious life on a hard and ungrateful soil. Russian Art has a bizarre and local flavour. Denmark is provincial. Sweden is French. Norway is German. Holland is English, without English distinction. "THE PRINCES IN THE TOWER." 1878 By j>ermission of the Fine Art Society 1878] HIS MODESTY 105 Belgian Art is material. Southern Germany bursts forth into an explosion of colour which has the tone of copper, a noisy fanfare sounded to attract attention. In Switzerland and in Greece, as in the small states of the north, Art draws its inspiration either from France or Germany. Italy fer- ments, but from the confusion will flow a clear and pleasant stream. Spain and Italy are alike. Above all towers Eng- lish Art, original, delicate, scrupulously true, expressive, full of a lofty intellectual 'dandyism,' full of sensitiveness, grace, and refined tenderness, full of historical sentiment which joins modern things to the lofty accents and strong attractions of the past ; an art of penetration, elegance, and poetry, absolutely bound up with the genius of the nation ; an art in which melancholy is joined to pleasure, and singularity to precise reality." October was the month fixed for the distribution of the prizes ; and, in compliance with an official notice, Millais and Herkomer hastened to Paris to receive their medals in person. What passed is best described by Professor Herkomer, who kindly writes to me : — "It has always been a proud moment in my career when I obtained one of the great medals of honour in Paris (1878) with the splendid painter, your father, whose superb art raised the status of English Art. I was at that time not even an Associate of the Royal Academy. I remember well, when we went to Paris to receive our medals, the joy he felt in the great pomp that surrounded the event of the distribution of medals to all nations. I remember his appreciation of the way in which France, above all countries in the world, appreciated the Fine Arts, which it exemplified by placing the flag that headed the Fine Art Section in the one place of honour, above the throne of the President of the Republic. " As it happened, we did not have to go up the great steps to receive our medals singly, greatly to your father's relief. Sir Cunliffe Owen received them all in a basket, and I could not get your father to ask him, as he passed us, for our medals. He was too modest and shy, but he pushed me on, and said, ' No ; you ask, you ask ! ' It was a great contrast, this great man in his modesty, to my unhesitating young impudence, because / did not hesitate to ask for them, and, what is more, got them. Thus we went home with our medals in our pockets, while the others had to wait weeks, until the red-tape arrangements had been officially carried out. io6 JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS [1878 " I can say no more than that my whole life was wrapped in admiration of his art, and to know him was to love him." While in Paris Millais made the acquaintance, and visited the studios, of most of the distinguished French artists, notably Gerome and Meissonnier, Gambart, the picture- dealer, who had made a fortune, kindly acting as his cicerone. An amusing account of this visit is given by Frith in his Reminiscences. He says: — "Most of the principal British painters were well represented ; and the French artists (to their great surprise, it is said) found that there was really a school of Art in England worthy the name. I went to Paris with two friends, one of whom was Millais, and we were received very graciously by many of the French painters ; Millais, of course, carrying away, as he deserved, the lion's share of applause. We were not surprised at the kindness of our reception ; but the houses — palaces would be the better name — in which some of the artists lived surprised me very much. Millais and Leighton are pretty decently lodged ; but Detaille and Meissonnier out- strip them in splendour. I had never seen either of these gentlemen before, and when I was introduced to a demon- strative little man as brisk as a boy of twenty — attired in black dress trousers and a blue silk blouse, open in front, disclosing a bright red shirt, a long grey beard falling over the latter — as M. Meissonnier, I had an example before me of the truth of the saying, that big souls often locate themselves in small bodies. Detaille is a soldierly looking man, reminding one of the figures he draws so well; but his house! and his bed! the latter a marvellous structure — we had a sight of it from his studio : black and gold splendour — I told him I should be afraid to sleep in it. '' We met our old friend Gambart in Paris, with whom was De Keyser, the head of the Academy at Antwerp. He had come to Paris mainly to paint portraits of Millais and my humble self, for introduction into a large composition to be executed by him on the walls of Gambarfs house at Nice. We take our place in a group of contemporary painters. " Sarah Bernhardt, actress, sculptor, and painter, is a friend of Mr. Gambart's, and as we were desirous of an introduction to a person so celebrated, a day was fixed for 1878] REMINISCENCES 107 our visit. We were admitted through large gates into a garden, with little tables dotted about. Carpeted steps led up to the chief entrance ; we passed it, and found ourselves in a large hall, furnished with magnificence in the shape of sculpture, armour, clocks, etc. Only a rapid glance was possible, as we were ushered im, mediately into the studio — many more sculptures in various states of incom- pleteness, huge tropical plants, and unfinished pictures — and as we entered, a boy dressed in white, with yellow hair, sprang from a sofa and greeted us warmly. This seem- ing boy was Miss Sarah Bernhardt, whose masculine attire was assumed for the convenience it afforded for the practice of the Art she loves far more than that in which she is famous. She made the astounding declaration to me that she hated acting, and would rather succeed in painting or sculpture, or both, than in any other earthly calling. "Of her painting I cannot speak, for I saw no completed work ; but her sculpture surprised us all, and left little doubt that if she devoted herself entirely to that Art, she would take a high place amongst its professors." Of Millais' previous travels under the temptation of foreign Art Mr. Albert Gray sends me the following notes: — " Millais was one of those who have no delight in travel, or, rather, of those to whom the irksomeness of catching trains, of being immured in trains, and of bundling into and out of hotels, appears in the light of a prohibitive price. The conditions to which the genuine tourist with more or less contentment resigns himself frequently supplied him with a final argument against a trip which would have comprised some much-desired sights. " He knew the principal galleries of Italy, and I believe had been to Dresden. The distance of Vienna and St. Petersburg put them out of the question for him. Paris he was familiar with. For many years he had meditated Spain, and could have gone there on the most favoured tourist terms, when his friend Sir Clare Ford was minister at Madrid. It was a lasting regret with him not to have seen his favourite Velasquez at the Prado. " There remained Holland ; and Holland was more accessible. As the Whitsuntide of 1875 approached his courage was screwed to the sticking-point, and he embarked at Queensborough with his sister-in-law Mrs. Stibbard, G. D. Stibbard, and myself. Having been twice to Holland, I was io8 JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS [1878 appointed courier. Our camp was pitched successfully at the Hague and Amsterdam, from which centres all things possible in a nine or ten days' trip can be done without the daily movement of baggage. ''The gallery at the Hague gave him genuine pleasure. Here for the first time he saw the larger works of Rembrandt, and he returned again and again to ' The Lesson in Anatomy.' His method of viewing a gallery would seem remarkable to the ordinary tourist. He never looked inside a guide-book or catalogue, though he was sometimes glad to have his opinions corroborated. There were, of course, but few high-class works the authorship of which he could not fix at a glance. He would thus enter a room, and after a rapid survey concentrate his attention on so much as seemed to him really ' great work.' Ver Meer, of Delft, was almost new to him, the fresh examples of De Hooch maintained his opinion of that skilled craftsman ; while Paul Potter's ' Bull ' left him cold. ''At the Mauritzhuis we fell in with Mr. W. P. Frith, r.a., and the two Academicians went through the rooms together. " The divergent aims and interests of the two men dis- played themselves forthwith. Millais, grasping Frith's arm with one hand and pointing with the other, would eagerly proclaim the triumphs of Rembrandt or Franz Hals; while Frith, wondering how his friend 'could admire paint laid on with a palette-knife,' would strive to detain him before a Metsu or a Gerard Dow.
| 50,314 |
https://github.com/superspaceiso/CompuSys-Theme/blob/master/static/js/gallery.js
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| null |
CompuSys-Theme
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superspaceiso
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JavaScript
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Code
| 73 | 294 |
const productImage = document.querySelector('.productImage').getElementsByTagName('img')[0].src
const imageSelector = document.querySelector('.imageSelector').children
let images = [];
for(let i=0;i< imageSelector.length; i++) {
images.push(imageSelector[i].getElementsByTagName('img')[0].src)
imageSelector[i].addEventListener('click', () => {
document.querySelector('.productImage').getElementsByTagName('img')[0].src = images[i]
})
}
const previous = document.querySelector('.prev')
const forward = document.querySelector('.forward')
let index = 0
previous.addEventListener('click', () => {
index--
if(index < 0){
index = 3
}
document.querySelector('.productImage').getElementsByTagName('img')[0].src = images[index]
})
forward.addEventListener('click', () => {
index++
if (index >= 3) {
index = 0
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document.querySelector('.productImage').getElementsByTagName('img')[0].src = images[index]
})
| 17,836 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrews%20Hill%20%28bukid%20sa%20Tinipong%20Bansa%2C%20Montana%29
|
Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Andrews Hill (bukid sa Tinipong Bansa, Montana)
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https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andrews Hill (bukid sa Tinipong Bansa, Montana)&action=history
|
Cebuano
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Spoken
| 193 | 287 |
Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang Andrews Hill.
Bukid ang Andrews Hill sa Tinipong Bansa. Ang Andrews Hill nahimutang sa kondado sa McCone County ug estado sa Montana, sa sentro nga bahin sa nasod, km sa kasadpan sa ulohang dakbayan Washington, D.C. metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Andrews Hill.
Ang yuta palibot sa Andrews Hill kay kasagaran patag. Ang kinahabogang dapit sa palibot dunay gihabogon nga ka metro ug km sa amihanan-sidlakan sa Andrews Hill. Kunhod pa sa 2 ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Andrews Hill. Walay lungsod sa palibot. Hapit nalukop sa kasagbotan ang palibot sa Andrews Hill. Sa rehiyon palibot sa Andrews Hill, mga walog, ug mga luuk talagsaon komon.
Ang klima bugnaw nga ugahon. Ang kasarangang giiniton °C. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa °C, ug ang kinabugnawan Pebrero, sa °C. Ang kasarangang pag-ulan milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Mayo, sa milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Enero, sa milimetro.
Saysay
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Kabukiran sa Montana (estado)
Kabukiran sa Tinipong Bansa nga mas taas kay sa 500 metros ibabaw sa dagat nga lebel
| 33,056 |
https://github.com/yokotak0527/kensho-convbox-default/blob/master/src/index.ts
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
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kensho-convbox-default
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yokotak0527
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TypeScript
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Code
| 8 | 19 |
const box:Kensho.ConverterBox = {
}
export default box
| 39,939 |
W4388220768.txt_1
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German-Science-Pile
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Open Science
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Various open science
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None
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None
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German
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Spoken
| 4,266 | 9,105 |
Clinical Epileptology
Originalien
Clin Epileptol
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-023-00636-7
Eingegangen: 6. Juli 2023
Angenommen: 25. August 2023
FAMOSES-Epilepsie-Schulungen
in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie
© The Author(s) 2023
Anne Hagemann1 · Daniela von Pfeil2 · Margarete Pfäfflin3
1
Gesellschaft für Epilepsieforschung e. V., Krankenhaus Mara gGmbH, Bielefeld, Deutschland
kbo Kinderzentrum München, München, Deutschland
3
Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Universitätsklinikum OWL der Universität
Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Deutschland
2
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Das modulare Schulungsprogramm FAMOSES (MOdulares Schulungsprogramm EpilepSie für FAmilien) bietet seit 20 Jahren Kindern mit Epilepsie
und ihren Eltern die Möglichkeit, interaktiv Wissen über ihre Erkrankung und
Bewältigungsstrategien zu erwerben.
Ziel der Arbeit: Es sollten die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf FAMOSESSchulungen in Bezug auf die Durchführbarkeit, Bewertungen durch die Trainerinnen
und die Teilnehmerevaluation untersucht werden.
Material und Methoden: FAMOSES-Trainerinnen wurden mit dem neu entwickelten
Fragebogen zu „Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf Epilepsieschulungen“ (PES) befragt.
Für die Bewertung der Kurse durch die teilnehmenden Eltern und Kinder wurden die
regulären Evaluationsbögen ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse: Die Zahl der durchgeführten Kurse war 2020 geringer als im Vor-PandemieJahr 2019 (Eltern: p = 0,049, Kinder: p = 0,057) und stieg 2021 wieder etwas an. Die
Planung war aus Sicht vieler Trainerinnen aufwendiger und unsicherer (z. B. durch
Kursverbote, Zugangsbeschränkungen, Hygienekonzept). Es gab keine COVID-19Ausbrüche im Zusammenhang mit den Kursen. Zur Bewertung der durchgeführten
Kurse wurden sowohl positive als auch schwierige Aspekte genannt (z. B. lohnende
Kurse, Familien/Eltern waren dankbar; anstrengendere Kurse, weniger locker,
Mehrarbeit). Trotzdem hat sich die Einschätzung der Trainerinnen, „sehr gerne“ oder
„gerne“ FAMOSES-Kurse durchzuführen, in den meisten Fällen (73 %) nicht durch
die Pandemie geändert. Die Evaluation der Schulungen durch die teilnehmenden
Eltern und Kinder zeigte während der Pandemie vergleichbare Bewertungen wie vor
Pandemiebeginn.
Diskussion: Die Planung und Durchführung von FAMOSES-Schulungen ist während
der COVID-19-Pandemie aufwendiger geworden. Die Schulungen, die durchgeführt
wurden, sind von den Trainerinnen trotz kritischer Punkte vielfach positiv bewertet
worden, und die Teilnehmerzufriedenheit war hoch.
Schlüsselwörter
Epilepsieschulung · Kinder · Eltern · Pandemie · Fragebogen
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Epilepsieschulungsprogramme gehören
in den meisten Epilepsiezentren und
-ambulanzen bereits zum Standard in
der komplexen Behandlung von Epilepsiepatienten. Ausgebildete Trainerinnen
QR-Code scannen & Beitrag online lesen
und Trainer1 vermitteln mit dem modularen Schulungsprogramm FAMOSES
seit 20 Jahren Kindern mit Epilepsie und
ihren Eltern interaktiv Wissen und Bewäl1 In diesem Beitrag wird aufgrund des hohen
Anteils an weiblichen FAMOSES-Trainerinnen
im Folgenden einheitlich die weibliche Form
verwendet. Männliche Trainer sind dabei jedoch
immer mit gemeint.
Clinical Epileptology
1
Originalien
Tab. 1 Schulungszentren und Trainerinnen
Schulungszentren (n = 24)
Region, n (%)
Süddeutschland/
13
(54 %)
Österreich
Norddeutschland
4
(17 %)
Westdeutschland
4
(17 %)
Ostdeutschland
3
(13 %)
Kursarten, n (%)
Eltern- und Kinderkurse 19
(79 %)
Nur Elternkurse
3
(13 %)
Nur Kinderkurse
2
(8 %)
Anzahl Trainerinnen,
4
(2–11)
Median (Bereich)
Trainerinnen (n = 98)
Alter, n (%)
20 bis 39 Jahre
17
(17 %)
40 bis 49 Jahre
36
(37 %)
50 bis 59 Jahre
33
(34 %)
60 Jahre oder älter
12
(12 %)
Beruf, n (%)
Ärztin
34
(35 %)
Krankenpflegerin
20
(20 %)
Sozial-/Heilpädagogin
16
(16 %)
Psychologin
11
(11 %)
a
Anderes
17
(17 %)
Erfahrung: Bisher durchgeführte Kurse, n (%)
1 bis 2 Kurse
9
(9 %)
3 bis 5 Kurse
23
(23 %)
> 5 Kurse
66
(67 %)
a
Ergotherapeutin, EEG-Assistentin, medizinisch-technische Assistentin, medizinische
Fachangestellte, Erzieherin, Heilerziehungspflegerin
tigungsstrategien für den Umgang mit
der Erkrankung im Alltag. Die Wirksamkeit
des Programms wurde in verschiedenen
Evaluationsstudien nachgewiesen [5, 8,
10], und es wurde als Patientenschulungsprogramm nach § 43 Abs. 1 Nr. 2 SGB V
von den Krankenkassen anerkannt.
Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, die
Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie
auf FAMOSES-Schulungen bezüglich folgender Aspekte zu prüfen:
1. Durchführbarkeit: Wie viele Kurse
konnten durchgeführt werden und
unter welchen Bedingungen?
2. Bewertung: Wie bewerteten die Trainerinnen diese Schulungen?
3. Qualität der unter Pandemiebedingungen stattfindenden Schulungen:
2
Clinical Epileptology
Evaluation durch teilnehmende Eltern
und Kinder.
Methoden
Im Rahmen der Qualitätssicherung werden seit Entwicklung von FAMOSES alle
teilnehmenden Eltern im Anschluss an die
Kurse gebeten, Evaluationsbögen auszufüllen [8]. Seit 2019 werden zudem regelmäßig Bewertungsbögen in den Kinderkursen eingesetzt. Um die Auswirkungen
der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die Schulungen zu erfassen, wurden die Trainerinnen
gebeten, zusätzlich den für FAMOSES entwickelten Fragebogen „Auswirkungen der
Pandemie auf Epilepsieschulungen“ (PES)
auszufüllen.
Befragung der Trainerinnen
Der PES wurde für diese Befragung zusammengestellt und erfasst Angaben zur
Planung und Durchführbarkeit von Schulungen während der COVID-19-Pandemie
und die Bewertung der durchgeführten
Kurse aus Trainerinnensicht. Er besteht aus
3 Abschnitten (demografische Angaben,
Planung und Durchführung von Kursen,
Bewertung) und kann von Trainerinnen,
die zu einem Schulungsteam gehören, gemeinsam ausgefüllt werden.
Die Angaben zu Planung und Durchführung der FAMOSES-Kurse wurden im
PES für die Jahre 2019 bis 2021 erfragt,
wobei 2019 als Referenzjahr vor Beginn
der COVID-19-Pandemie in Europa genutzt wurde. Für Eltern- und Kinderkurse
wurden die Zahlen der geplanten und
durchgeführten Kurse sowie der Teilnehmer pro Jahr erfragt. Zudem wurden
Gründe für Kursabsagen und die Pandemiemaßnahmen bei durchgeführten
Schulungen erfasst. Die Erfahrungen und
Bewertungen zu FAMOSES-Kursen in Pandemiezeiten wurden größtenteils mit
offenen Fragen erhoben.
Der PES wurde im Januar 2022 per
E-Mail durch die FAMOSES-Geschäftsstelle
an alle Trainerinnen verschickt mit der Bitte, den Fragebogen auszufüllen. Um den
Rücklauf zu erhöhen, wurde im Juli 2022
eine Erinnerungs-Mail versandt.
Teilnehmerevaluation
Der Evaluationsbogen für Teilnehmer der
Elternkurse beinhaltet Fragen zur Beurteilung von FAMOSES, zur Zufriedenheit mit
der Schulungsgruppe und Platz für freie
Kommentare, Lob und Vorschläge. Die Teilnehmer des Kinderkurses sollen angeben,
wie wichtig ihnen die Ziele des Kurses
sind, wie ihnen Schulungsgruppe und Trainer gefallen haben und wie zufrieden sie
mit dem Kurs waren. Die Evaluation durch
die FAMOSES-Teilnehmer erfolgt grundsätzlich anonym ohne Erhebung personenbezogener Daten.
Statistische Auswertung
Die Auswertung erfolgte weitgehend deskriptiv. Für den Vergleich der Kurs- und
Teilnehmerzahlen in den Jahren 2019,
2020 und 2021 wurde zusätzlich der
Friedman-Test (nichtparametrisches Verfahren zum Vergleich mehrerer abhängiger Gruppen) eingesetzt. Bei signifikantem
Ergebnis wurde dieser durch paarweise
Post-hoc-Vergleiche ergänzt (WilcoxonTests mit Sidak-Korrektur der p-Werte).
Die Teilnehmerbewertungen vor vs. während der Pandemie wurden mittels MannWhitney-U-Tests verglichen.
Ergebnisse
Befragung der Trainerinnen: Rücklauf und Stichprobenbeschreibung
Von Januar bis September 2022 erhielten wir 36 Rückmeldungen von Teams aus
27 Schulungszentren und von 2 einzelnen
Trainerinnen, die an verschiedenen Orten
schulen und daher keinem Schulungszentrum zugeordnetwurden2 .DreiTeams wurden in der Auswertung nicht berücksichtigt, da sie 2019 bis 2021 keine FAMOSESKurse angeboten haben. Die . Tab. 1 beschreibt die ausgewertete Stichprobe.
2 Angeschrieben wurden 217 Trainerinnen in
53 Zentren in Deutschland, Österreich und
der Schweiz, d. h. die Rücklaufquote lässt sich
konservativ auf ca. 51 % der Zentren und 46 %
der Trainerinnen schätzen.
Abb. 1 9 Anzahl geplanter/durchgeführter
FAMOSES-Eltern- und -Kinderkurse nach Jahren (über
alle Schulungszentren)
Abb. 2 9 Anzahl geplanter/durchgeführter
FAMOSES-Kurse pro Schulungszentrum und Jahr.
*p < 0,05, +p < 0,10. Die
maximale Zahl von 8 geplanten Elternkursen
im Jahr 2021 ergibt sich
daraus, dass geplante
Schulungstermine pandemiebedingt verschoben
werden mussten und jeder
geplante Termin als ein
geplanter Kurs gezählt
wurde
Abb. 3 9 Teilnehmerzahlen pro Jahr insgesamt und
pro durchgeführtem Kurs
Clinical Epileptology
3
Originalien
Tab. 2 Gründe für die Absage von Kursen durch die Schulungsteams
Elternkurse (n = 22)
2019
2020
2021
Verbot von Kursen/Lockdown
Arbeitsüberlastung
2 (9 %)b
1 (5 %)
12 (55 %)
2 (9 %)
5 (23 %)
3 (14 %)
Pandemiemaßnahmen könnten Kursatmosphäre beeinträchtigen
Angst vor Ansteckung
Anderea
Kinderkurse (n = 21)
1 (5 %)b
3 (14 %)
4 (18 %)
1 (5 %)b
5 (23 %)
2019
2 (9 %)
4 (18 %)
2020
2 (9 %)
3 (14 %)
2021
Verbot von Kursen/Lockdown
1 (5 %)b
8 (38 %)
2 (10 %)
Arbeitsüberlastung
1 (5 %)
3 (14 %)
2 (10 %)
Pandemiemaßnahmen könnten Kursatmosphäre beein–
1 (5 %)
1 (5 %)
trächtigen
Anderea
3 (14 %)
3 (14 %)
4 (19 %)
a
Andere: Räume zu klein, zu wenig Anmeldungen, Trainermangel, Umstellung der Kursfinanzierung
war komplizierter als erwartet
b
Diese Angaben stammten von 2 Schulungsteams
Tab. 3 Umsetzung von Pandemiemaßnahmen in FAMOSES-Kursen
Maßnahme
Anzahl
Umsetzung
Raumkonzept
14/15a
Lüften
Abstand/größere Räume/kleinere Gruppe
Weitere Räume für Pausen, Schreib-/Gruppenarbeit
Feste Sitzplätze
14/15a
–
Händedesinfektion
14/15a
–
Masken
14/15a
33 % MNS, 33 % FFP2-Maske, 33 % MNS oder FFP2-Maske
89 % Schnelltest, 11 % PCR-Test
Testpflicht
14/15b
67 % einmalig zu Kursbeginn, 33 % täglich
Z. B.:
Nur abgepacktes Essen
Selbstversorgung
Vorab Händedesinfektion
Nur am Sitzplatz
Nur Getränke
Kein Catering
Von 15 der 16 Schulungszentren (14 mit Elternkursen, 15 mit Kinderkursen), die 2020/2021 Kurse
durchgeführt haben, lagen Informationen vor.
MNS Mund-und-Nasen-Schutz
a
Nicht angegeben in einem Schulungszentrum mit ausschließlich Kinderkursen. Maskenpflicht für
Trainerinnen
b
Nicht angegeben in einem Schulungszentrum, wo Eltern und Kinder stationär aufgenommen sind
Angepasstes Catering
14/15
Kurs- und Teilnehmerzahlen
Die . Abb. 1 zeigt die Gesamtzahl der in
den teilnehmenden Schulungszentren geplanten und durchgeführten FAMOSESKurse pro Jahr, basierend auf den Aussagen der Trainerinnen, die an der Befragung
teilgenommen haben. Insbesondere 2020,
im ersten Pandemiejahr, wurden deutlich
weniger Kurse durchgeführt, als geplant
worden waren (Elternkurse: 47 % weniger,
Kinderkurse: 43 % weniger). Im Jahr 2021
stieg der Anteil tatsächlich durchgeführter
4
Clinical Epileptology
Kurse wieder an, blieb jedoch unter dem
des Referenzjahres 2019. Insgesamt haben 21/24 Schulungszentren (88 %; 19/22
mit Elternkursen; 18/21 mit Kinderkursen)
während der ersten beiden Pandemiejahre Kurse geplant, von denen 16 in dieser
Zeit auch Kurse durchgeführt haben (14
mit Elternkursen, 15 mit Kinderkursen).
Eine Auswertung der pro Schulungszentrum geplanten und durchgeführten
Kurse zeigte, dass es keine signifikanten
Unterschiede in der Zahl der geplanten
Elternkurse 2019 bis 2021 gab (p = 0,784,
Friedman-Test, . Abb. 2). Die Zahl der
durchgeführten Kurse unterschied sich
jedoch zwischen den Jahren (p = 0,015,
Friedman-Test). Post hoc durchgeführte
Wilcoxon-Tests zeigten, dass 2020 signifikant weniger Elternkurse durchgeführt
wurden als 2019 (p = 0,049, Sidak-korrigiert; 2019 vs. 2021 und 2020 vs. 2021:
p > 0,20; . Abb. 2).
Bei den Kinderkursen zeigten sich ähnliche Unterschiede. Die Zahl der geplanten Kurse unterschied sich nicht signifikant
zwischen den Jahren (p = 0,082, FriedmanTest), aber die Zahl der tatsächlich durchgeführten Kurse variierte (p = 0,011, Friedman-Test), auch wenn der Rückgang der
Kurse pro Schulungszentrum von 2019 zu
2020 bei den Kindern nicht signifikant war
(p = 0,057, Sidak-korrigiert; 2019 vs. 2021
und 2020 vs. 2021: p > 0,10; . Abb. 2).
Die Zahl der Teilnehmer von Eltern- und
Kinderkursen pro Jahr ist in . Abb. 3 dargestellt. Wie die Entwicklung bei den Zahlen der durchgeführten Kurse war die Teilnehmerzahl bei Eltern und Kindern 2020
deutlich geringer als im Referenzjahr 2019,
um 2021 wieder etwas anzusteigen. Die
durchschnittliche Teilnehmerzahl variierte stark zwischen den Schulungszentren
(Elternkurse: 4 bis 16; Kinderkurse: 3 bis
9). Für den statistischen Vergleich der Teilnehmerzahl pro durchgeführtem Kurs wurden daher nur Zentren berücksichtigt, die
in allen 3 Jahren Kurse durchgeführt und
Teilnehmerzahlen im PES angegeben haben. Dies traf auf jeweils 8 Schulungszentren mit Eltern- bzw. Kinderkursen zu. Die
Boxplots in . Abb. 3 zeigen, dass in den
Pandemiejahren Elternkurse bereits ab einer geringeren Teilnehmerzahl von 4 bis
5 durchgeführt wurden, wobei es keinen
Unterschied in der medianen Teilnehmerzahl über die Jahre hinweg gab (p = 0,258,
Friedman-Test). Bei den Kinderkursen zeigte sich ebenfalls kein signifikanter Unterschied in den Teilnehmerzahlen pro Kurs
(p = 0,209, Friedman-Test).
Durchführbarkeit von Kursen
während der Pandemie
Mehr als ein Drittel der in den Pandemiejahren geplanten Kurse wurde nicht durchgeführt (. Abb. 1). Die. Tab. 2 zeigt die
von den Trainerinnen angegebenen Gründe für die Absage von Kursen. Zu Beginn
Tab. 4 Qualitative Auswertung offener Antworten: Wie hat die Pandemie die Planung von Kursen beeinflusst?
Kategorien
Anzahl
Beispiele
(%)
Unterkategorien
Die Planung ist einfacher
1 (4)
Die Planung ist einfacher geworden, da die „Bewirtung“ entfällt
Die Planung ist wenig/nicht beeinflusst
3 (12)
Die Planung eigentlich gar nicht
Die Planung ist aufwendiger/unsicherer/nicht möglich
23 (88)
–
Verbot/Absage/Verschieben von Kursen
12 (46)
(...) dann war es aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie verboten, Gruppenangebote
durchzuführen
(...), je nach gültiger Pandemieverordnung mussten Kurse verschoben werden
Teilnehmerzahl, Zugangsbeschränkungen
9 (35)
Es konnte nur ein Elternteil teilnehmen
(...), nur Teilnahme stationärer Kinder
Erstellung Hygienekonzept
8 (31)
Aufwand wg. Hygienekonzept größer
Unsicherheiten/mehr Abstimmungsbedarf
4 (15)
Hinter jedem Kurs stand ein Fragezeichen, ob alles wie geplant stattfinden kann
Anpassung der Kursdurchführung
3 (12)
Mehr „Frontalunterricht“ (...)
Spiele fallen wegen Distanzregelung weg
Trainer-/Personalmangel
2 (8)
Aufgrund (...) des Personalmangels haben wir keine Kurse mehr geplant
Arbeitsbelastung
2 (8)
Zudem war und ist die Arbeitsbelastung für alle Team-Mitglieder auch wegen
Corona anhaltend extrem hoch, (...)
Die Prozentangaben beziehen sich auf die Zahl der Schulungszentren und einzelnen Trainerinnen (n = 26)
Tab. 5 Qualitative Auswertung offener Antworten: Bewertung der Schulungen in den Pandemiejahren
Kategorien
Anzahl
Beispiele
(%)
Unterkategorien
Positiv (gut, sehr gut, lohnend)
7 (39)
Trotz aller Mehrarbeit lohnenswert
Sehr gut, wir hätten uns früher trauen sollen (...)
Familien/Eltern waren dankbar/motiviert, positive
5 (28)
Die Eltern, die 2021 teilnehmen konnten, waren äußerst motiviert (...)
Rückmeldung
Austausch positiv (sehr geschätzt, kostbar, intensiver)
3 (17)
(...) hat dann die etwas kleinere Gruppengröße zu einem intensiveren Austausch
(...) geführt
Kein (wesentlicher) Unterschied
5 (28)
Ich habe den Kurs nicht anders erlebt als vor Corona-Zeiten
Gewöhnung an Masken etc. durch Alltag
2 (11)
Die Kinder sind an das Einhalten der COVID-Bestimmungen durch die Schule
gewöhnt
Anstrengend, erschwert, weniger locker
6 (33)
Sehr erschwert
Die Schulungen waren anstrengender (Masken, weniger Hospitierende)
Mehrarbeit, mehr Aufwand
5 (28)
Die Mehrarbeit durch station. Arbeit (...) und Schulung und den entsprechenden
COVID-bedingten Verschärfungen bedeuten, an/über seine Belastungsgrenze zu
gehen
Schwierigkeiten/Besonderheiten Kinderkurse
3 (17)
(...) zusätzl. Für die Kurse, die während der Pandemie durchgeführt wurden, waren Hygienekonzepte zur Minimierung der Ansteckungsgefahr erforderlich. Die Maßnahmen, die in fast allen Schulungszentren
umgesetzt wurden, sind in . Tab. 3 zusammengefasst. Einzelne Schulungsteams
haben zusätzliche Maßnahmen angegeben, durch die größere Abstände zwischen
den Teilnehmern ermöglicht werden sollten, z. B. den Kinderkurs überwiegend
draußen abzuhalten, den Kindern am Sitzplatz einen eigenen Karton mit Arbeits-/
Schreibutensilien zur Verfügung zu stellen, Abfragen mit TED oder Laserpointer
vom Sitzplatz aus durchzuführen oder ei-
Clinical Epileptology
5
Originalien
Abb. 4 9 Bewertungen
der FAMOSES-Kurse durch
teilnehmende Eltern
vor (n = 270–278) und
während der Pandemie
(n = 265–271)
Abb. 5 9 Bewertungen
der FAMOSES-Kurse durch
teilnehmende Kinder vor
(n = 60–64) und während
der Pandemie (n = 87–89)
ne getrennte Wegeführung für ambulante
Patienten.
Durch das Tragen von Masken, Abstand,
Nutzen von zusätzlichen Flächen und im
Freien war es in 75 % der Schulungszentren(12/16 mitAngabenhierzu) zumindest
teilweise möglich, Gruppenspiele durchzuführen. Zum Teil wurden sie ersetzt, beispielsweise durch Rätsel oder ergänzende Gespräche in der Gruppe. In keinem
Schulungszentrum gab es COVID-19-Ausbrüche im Zusammenhang mit FAMOSESSchulungen.
Erfahrungen und Bewertungen
der Trainerinnen zu FAMOSES in
Pandemiejahren
Für die Erfahrungen der Trainerinnen
mit der Planung und Durchführung von
FAMOSES-Schulungen in Pandemiejahren wurden die Rückmeldungen aller
6
Clinical Epileptology
teilnehmenden Schulungszentren sowie
der beiden einzelnen Trainerinnen berücksichtigt (n = 24 + 2). Auf die offene
Frage, wie die Pandemie ihre Kursplanung
beeinflusst hat, wurde sehr häufig ausgesagt, dass die Planung aufwendiger,
unsicherer oder nicht möglich gewesen
sei (23/26, 88 %, . Tab. 4). Dies bezog
sich v. a. auf Kursverbote, -absagen oder
Terminverschiebungen (n = 12), die Begrenzung der Teilnehmerzahlen bzw.
Zugangsbeschränkungen (n = 9) und die
Erstellung eines Hygienekonzepts (n = 8).
Auch Unsicherheiten, Personalmangel,
Arbeitsbelastung und notwendige Anpassungen in der Kursdurchführung wurden
genannt (. Tab. 4). Manche Zentren sahen die Planung hingegen wenig oder gar
nicht beeinflusst (3/26, 12 %) oder fanden
sie sogar einfacher (1/26, 4 %; . Tab. 4).
Von den 21 Schulungszentren, die während der Pandemie Kurse geplant hatten,
gaben 14 Teams an, dass die Erfahrung
mit der Kursplanung in Pandemiezeiten
sie ermutigt habe, weitere Kurse während
der Pandemie anzubieten (67 %; nein:
n = 4, 19 %; keine Angabe: n = 6, 29 %).
Bezogen auf die Zeit vor Pandemie gaben alle Teams und Trainerinnen an, dass
sie „gerne“ oder „sehr gerne“ Schulungen mit dem Programm durchführen (sehr
gerne: 19/26, 73 %). Nur in 5 der 26 Bewertungen (19 %) wurde angegeben, dass
sich diese Einschätzung durch die Pandemie geändert hat (nein: 19/26, 73 %; keine
Angabe: 2/26). Dennoch wurden in den
meisten Bewertungen zu durchgeführten
Kursen sowohl positive als auch negative
Aspekte genannt. Kritisch angemerkt wurde v. a., dass die Kurse anstrengender, erschwert oder weniger locker gewesen seien (6/18, 33 % der Teams/Trainerinnen, die
Kurse durchgeführt haben), sowie Mehrarbeit/größerer Aufwand durch die Kurse
(5/18, 28 %). Auf der anderen Seite wurden
die Kurse oft als „sehr gut“ oder „lohnend“
bezeichnet (7/18, 39 %) und die Motivation sowie die positiven Rückmeldungen
der Eltern wurden hervorgehoben (5/18,
28 %; . Tab. 5).
Kursbewertungen der FAMOSESTeilnehmer vor vs. während der
Pandemie
Die Bewertungen der FAMOSES-Kurse
durch teilnehmende Eltern und Kinder
vor Beginn der Pandemie in Deutschland
(01/2019 bis 03/2020) und während der
Pandemie (07/2020 bis 12/2021) sind
in den . Abb. 4 und 5 dargestellt. Zwischen Mitte März und Anfang Juli 2020
wurden keine Kurse durchgeführt. Die
Elternbewertungen unterschieden sich
nicht zwischen den beiden Zeiträumen
(alle p > 0,40, U-Test). Bei den Evaluationsbögen der teilnehmenden Kinder
gab es einzig bei der Frage nach der
Weiterempfehlung des Kurses an andere
Kinder einen signifikanten Unterschied
(p = 0,040, U-Test; alle anderen p > 0,10):
Die Kinder der während der Pandemie an
FAMOSES teilnahmen, gaben häufiger an,
den Kurs weiterempfehlen zu wollen.
Diskussion
Epilepsieschulungen für Kinder und Eltern,
deren Wirksamkeit in kontrollierten Studien geprüft wurde, gibt es inzwischen seit
über 20 Jahren in Deutschland [5, 6, 8,
10]. Ein wesentlicher Teil der FAMOSESSchulungsprogramme ist der interaktive
Austausch zwischen den Kindern und zwischen den Eltern. Wenn Eltern erleben,
dass es unterschiedliche Strategien im Umgang mit der Epilepsieerkrankung des Kindes geben kann, erweitert dies ihre Handlungsspielräume und verringert ihre Verunsicherung [2]. Den Kindern wird im gemeinsamen Spiel nicht nur Wissen vermittelt, sondern sie lernen direkt, wie sie
dieses Wissen im Alltag anwenden können,
beispielsweise indem sie üben, wie sie mit
anderen über Anfälle sprechen können.
Die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie mit Lockdown und Maßnahmen,
die das bisherige Management in der
Versorgung von Kindern mit Epilepsie erschwerten, waren weltweit neu, und auch
in Deutschland wurde die Durchführung
der regelmäßigen Schulungsangebote
für Kinder mit Epilepsie und ihre Eltern
extrem erschwert. In der medizinischen
Grundversorgung führte die Pandemie
verstärkt zum Einsatz von Telemedizin,
und verschiedene Studien haben deren
Nutzen, aber auch Grenzen erfasst [1, 3,
4, 11, 13]. Anders als ärztliche Konsultationen über Telefon oder Video sind
Epilepsieschulungen Angebote für Gruppen und die Interaktion mit anderen
Betroffenen und den Trainerinnen muss
in einem geschützten und vertraulichen
Umfeld stattfinden [2, 7]. Zwar gibt es
die technischen Möglichkeiten, online in
der Gruppe zu kommunizieren, jedoch
können damit nicht alle Menschen erreicht werden [9], und bei Schulungen
für Kinder/Jugendliche kann es schwierig
sein, eine vertrauliche Situation herzustellen, die (wie Schulungen vor Ort) nur
die teilnehmenden Kinder/Jugendlichen
und Trainerinnen einschließt, ohne dass
die Eltern im Hintergrund anwesend sind
[12].
Umso wichtiger schätzen wir die Bereitschaft der FAMOSES-Schulungsteams ein,
die trotz der erwartbaren Schwierigkeiten
die Schulungen vor Ort angeboten haben.
Dies ermöglichte es einerseits, die Schulungen während der Pandemie zu evaluieren und mit der Zeit vor der Pandemie
zu vergleichen, andererseits ihre Bedeutung durch die positiven Rückmeldungen
zu unterstreichen.
Die Ergebnisse unserer Befragung zeigen, dass die Planung und Durchführung
von FAMOSES-Schulungen während der
COVID-19-Pandemie aufwendiger geworden ist. Die Pandemie wurde häufig als
Grund für Kursabsagen angegeben, wobei einschränkend anzumerken ist, dass
2 Teams bereits 2019 Absagen mit der
Pandemie begründeten. Dennoch berichteten viele Trainerinnen von positiven Erfahrungen, die sie ermutigt haben, auch
weiterhin Kurse anzubieten. Durch die Pandemiemaßnahmen gab es keine COVID19-Ausbrüche im Zusammenhang mit den
Schulungen. Trotzdem wurden diese Maßnahmen von manchen Trainerinnen als
erschwerender Faktor genannt, während
andere hierdurch keine wesentlichen Einschränkungen wahrnahmen, was auch mit
Gewöhnung begründet wurde. Die Bewer-
tungen durch Eltern und Kinder waren vor
und während der Pandemie vergleichbar.
Es gibt viele Studien, die COVID-19-Einschränkungen auf Kinder und Jugendliche
untersuchen, unseres Wissens nach aber
bislang keine Untersuchung zu den Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf eine Maßnahme, die in vergleichbarer Weise vor
und während der Pandemie durchgeführt
wurde. Es liegt die Schlussfolgerung nahe, dass Routine in der Durchführung von
Schulungen eine Basis ist, auch unter erschwerten Bedingungen diese Angebote
aufrechtzuerhalten.
Fazit für die Praxis
4
4
4
4
4
Die
COVID-19-Pandemie
hat
die
FAMOSES-Trainerinnen vor Herausforderungen gestellt.
Nachdem zu Beginn der Pandemie weniger Schulungen stattfinden konnten, haben sich die Zahlen mit der Zeit erholt.
Die Planung von Schulungen ist aufwendiger geworden.
Die Schulungen, die durchgeführt wurden, wurden von Trainerinnen (trotz kritischer Punkte) vielfach positiv bewertet.
Sehr gute Bewertungen durch teilnehmende Eltern und Kinder!
Korrespondenzadresse
Dr. Anne Hagemann
Gesellschaft für Epilepsieforschung e. V.,
Krankenhaus Mara gGmbH
Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Deutschland
anne.hagemann@mara.de
Danksagung. Dank an Trainerinnen, die unter
schwierigen Bedingungen Kurse durchgeführt haben
und damit zeigen konnten, dass es möglich und
nützlich war.
Funding. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien
Interessenkonflikt. A. Hagemann, D. von Pfeil und
M. Pfäfflin geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt
besteht.
Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt.
Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort
angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien. Die Evaluation
der FAMOSES-Schulung durch die Teilnehmer erfolgte
anonym im Rahmen der Qualitätssicherung. Die Angaben aus der Befragung der Trainerinnen wurden vor
der Auswertung vollständig anonymisiert. Die Rohda-
Clinical Epileptology
7
Abstract
ten, auf denen die Ergebnisse dieses Artikels basieren,
werden aus Vertraulichkeitsgründen nicht geteilt.
Open Access. Dieser Artikel wird unter der Creative
Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz
veröffentlicht, welche die Nutzung, Vervielfältigung,
Bearbeitung, Verbreitung und Wiedergabe in jeglichem Medium und Format erlaubt, sofern Sie den/die
ursprünglichen Autor(en) und die Quelle ordnungsgemäß nennen, einen Link zur Creative Commons Lizenz
beifügen und angeben, ob Änderungen vorgenommen wurden.
Die in diesem Artikel enthaltenen Bilder und sonstiges
Drittmaterial unterliegen ebenfalls der genannten
Creative Commons Lizenz, sofern sich aus der Abbildungslegende nichts anderes ergibt. Sofern das betreffende Material nicht unter der genannten Creative
Commons Lizenz steht und die betreffende Handlung
nicht nach gesetzlichen Vorschriften erlaubt ist, ist für
die oben aufgeführten Weiterverwendungen des Materials die Einwilligung des jeweiligen Rechteinhabers
einzuholen.
Weitere Details zur Lizenz entnehmen Sie bitte der
Lizenzinformation auf http://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/4.0/deed.de.
Literatur
1. Assenza G, Ricci L, Lanzone J et al (2022)
Understanding and managing the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on patients
with epilepsy. Expert Rev Neurother 22:145–153
2. Cochrane J (1995) Patient education: lessons from
epilepsy. Patient Educ Couns 26:25–31
3. Conde Blanco E, Manzanares I, Centeno M et al
(2021) Epilepsy and lockdown: a survey of patients
normally attending a Spanish centre. Acta Neurol
Scand 143:206–209
4. Cross JH, Kwon CS, Asadi-Pooya AA et al (2021)
Epilepsy care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Epilepsia 62:2322–2332
5. Hagemann A, Pfäfflin M, Nussbeck FW et al (2016)
The efficacy of an educational program for parents
of children with epilepsy (FAMOSES): Results of
a controlled multicenter evaluation study. Epilepsy
Behav 64:143–151
6. Jantzen S, Muller-Godeffroy E, Hallfahrt-Krisl T et
al (2009) FLIP&FLAP—a training programme for
children and adolescents with epilepsy, and their
parents. Seizure 18:478–486
7. May TW, Pfäfflin M (2005) Psychoeducational
programs for patients with epilepsy. Dis Manag
Health Outcomes 13:185–199
8. Pfäfflin M, Petermann F, Rau J et al (2012) The
psychoeducational program for children with
epilepsy and their parents (FAMOSES): results of
a controlled pilot study and a survey of parent
satisfaction over a five-year period. Epilepsy Behav
25:11–16
9. Pullyblank K, Atav S (2022) Enrollment and
completion characteristics for novel remote
delivery modes of the self-management programs
during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploratory
analysis. JMIR Form Res 6:e38357
10. Rau J, May TW, Pfäfflin M et al (2006) Education
of children with epilepsy and their parents by
the modular education program epilepsy for
families (FAMOSES)—results of an evaluation
study. Rehabilitation 45:27–39
8
Clinical Epileptology
Epilepsy educational program FAMOSES during the COVID-19 pandemic
Background: For 20 years the modular educational program FAMOSES (MOdular
Service package EpilepSy for FAmilies) has been offering children with epilepsy and
their parents the opportunity to interactively acquire knowledge about the disease and
coping strategies.
Objective: To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on FAMOSES courses in
terms of feasibility, evaluation by trainers and by participants.
Material and methods: The FAMOSES trainers were surveyed with the newly
developed questionnaire on impact of the pandemic on epilepsy education (PES). For
the evaluation of the courses by the participating parents and children, the regular
evaluation forms were analyzed.
Results: The number of actually conducted courses was lower in 2020 compared
to the prepandemic year 2019 (parents: p = 0.049, children: p = 0.057) and slightly
increased again in 2021. Many trainers regarded the planning as more complex
and more uncertain (e.g., due to prohibition of courses, access restrictions, hygiene
concept). There were no COVID-19 outbreaks in relation to the courses. The evaluation
of the conducted courses included both positive and difficult aspects (courses were
rewarding, families/parents were grateful, more strenuous courses, less relaxed, extra
work). Nevertheless, in most cases (73%) the trainers’ view that they very much liked
or liked to conduct FAMOSES courses has not changed as a result of the pandemic. The
evaluation of the program by the participating parents and children showed similar
ratings during the pandemic compared to the time before the pandemic.
Conclusion: The planning and implementation of FAMOSES courses became more
complex during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite some critical points the courses that
were carried out were often positively evaluated by the trainers and the satisfaction of
the participants was high.
Keywords
Epilepsy education · Children · Parents · Pandemic · Questionnaire
11. Reilly C, Muggeridge A, Cross JH (2021) The
perceived impact of COVID-19 and associated
restrictions on young people with epilepsy in the
UK: Young people and caregiver survey. Seizure
85:111–114
12. Sattar S, Kuperman R (2020) Telehealth in pediatric
epilepsy care: a rapid transition during the COVID19 pandemic. Epilepsy Behav 111:107282
13. Subotic A, Pricop DF, Josephson CB et al (2020)
Examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic
on the well-being and virtual care of patients with
epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 113:107599.
| 13,451 |
https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirpur%20Turk
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Mirpur Turk
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https://mg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirpur Turk&action=history
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I Mirpur Turk dia tanàna ao amin'ny faritanin'i Delhi, ao India.
Jeografia
Ny haavon'ilay tanàna amin'ny haavon-dranomasina dia metatra.
Ny laharam-pehintaniny ary ny laharan-jarahasiny dia : 28.7133° Avaratra ary 77.2722° Atsinanana.
Ny faritr'ora dia GMT+5:30.
Rohy ivelany
: Sehatra ofisialy
Tanàna ao India
Tanàna ao amin'i Delhi
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| 137 | 178 |
Amazon Route 53 + Heroku app not accessible from certain places - what to do?
I am working on a Heroku and don't have much background in networking.
The app I am working on seems to be unreachable from some places.
We got reports from people not being able to access it
A ping service we use (Statuscake) reports that the site is consistently unreachable from certain node locations
To fix that, we moved DNS to Amazon Route 53.
A week after, there is a change in what countries work by the ping service, but essentially we're still permanently down for some world locations, while maintaining almost 100% uptime in others.
Unfortunately, none of the people who reported site down are able to debug with us.
What are the things to do / check in such situation?
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SAFETY ISLES FOR PLACES OF DANGER Plan to Insure Greater Protection to Pedestrians at Street Intersections. ENFORCING THE PENALTY FOR RECKLESS MOTORING Police Department Making Further Effort for Crossing Policemen as Efficient as Possible. Further plans for the protection of life and limb on the streets of Washington were announced today by Maj. Richard Sylvester, chief of police. Some of these plans, including arrangements for islands of safety, will be carried out in the immediate future. "Islands of safety will be given practical try-outs at various dangerous danger points, such as at the intersection of Ninth Street and York Avenue, where a plaza is formed by the broadness of the combined streets. The safety spots will be marked off by posts between which will be stretched cables. These will offer protection to pedestrians who are waiting for streetcars at such points. At the present time no such safety is offered and pedestrians awaiting the approach of cars are said to be in constant danger. Besides offering protection to the pedestrians, it will also group them and thereby make the street still safer. The poles will extend along the street for several yards around which vehicles must pass. The pedestrians will gather between the ropes and the car tracks, ample space for which gathering will, of course, be allowed. Islands of safety have been tried with success in other cities, both in this country and in foreign lands. It is believed they will soon show their worth here at such points as the one named, with street and Pennsylvania avenue and other places where traffic is unusually heavy, and where the width of the street warrants such establishment. Large signs at either end of the safety space will urge pedestrians to keep within the boundaries and hence out of danger. It is believed that while making conditions safer for pedestrians, the lands will work no hardship on vehiclists, but will in a measure aid them, as the pedestrians will be grouped within a given space rather than spread out. After Reckless Drivers. Maj. Sylvester will recommend the revocation of two motorists' licenses this month for alleged carelessness. One motorist forfeited his license last month. Maj. Sylvester believes that as soon as reckless drivers learn that they will have their licenses revoked they will become more careful. He also means to take steps to make the crossing policemen as efficient as possible. Although he said today that his force is not numerically sufficient to guard all dangerous crossings, he believed that by a plan which he has, he will make the crossing force more efficient than it is at present. Mayor Sylvester intends to let any man on the force who wished to become a traffic officer be given a trial at it, provided he is considered efficient for the position. Then, as an incentive to the men to work, he will give all who prove themselves especially proficient at the crossings their "reserve" off. That is: Every other day the police have to do "reserve" duty at their respective precincts for six hours. This time will be given to the men who show themselves proficient in crossing work. Greater success in working the "block" system at the crossings is desired by Maj. Sylvester, he said today. "The men at the crossings should stop traffic coming in one way while the traffic from the other direction is crossing. Vehicles should not be allowed to go beyond the curb and if they do, the drivers should be arrested immediately." He intimated that he wanted to see greater activity on the part of the men in guarding the traffic conditions. If they do not improve within a week, he said, all crossing policemen will, provided with whistles, which will be used as signals. Larger Police Force Needed. The need for a larger force was pointed out by Alaj. Sylvester. His regular force, not especially strong numerically, was greatly depleted because of special details such as covering conventions, the base ball park and other amusement places. Following its plan to print the regulations pertinent to general traffic, The Star today gives sections to: 35 inclusive: Section 3LT. A driver shall not back, turn abruptly, reduce the speed of nor stop his vehicle unless the way is clear and it is safe to person and property for him to do so, nor unless he first signifies by an appropriate signal his intention so to do. Turning Street Cars. Section 53. A driver shall turn a corner to the right at a speed not to exceed six miles an hour and keep close to the right curbs. Section 54. A driver shall turn to the left into the other of two intersecting streets by driving around the center of intersection at a speed not exceeding six miles an hour. Section 56. A driver passing into a circle or intersection of more than two streets shall, in his progress, follow the grit curbs nearest the building lines, and at a speed not exceeding eight miles an hour. THEATER APPROACH PROTEST. Subscriber Says New National Condition Violates Traffic Rule. In connection with your laudable efforts to improve street traffic conditions in this city, your attention is invited to the apparently authorized yet highly objectionable and dangerous violation of the regulations in the case of vehicles bringing passengers to the New National Theater. All vehicles are required by the police to approach this playhouse from the west, and stop with their left sides to the curb. Violation of section 4, article XII. Police Regulations! Vehicles coming south on 14th street to this theater are compelled to cross the street railway tracks four times between the corner of Pennsylvania avenue and 14th street and the theater, a distance of less than five hundred feet. We should not all vehicles approach this theater from the east, thereby avoiding any infraction of the rules and preventing a "mix-up" with the regular through traffic from the east. JAMES K. KNOWLES. STREET ACCIDENTS. British Ambassador Aids an Injured Man to Reach Home. Od.e H<>we. employed by one of the street railway companies, was taken to his home in Windom street northwest last evening suffering from injuries. The trip to his home was made in an automobile of which Sir Cecil Spring-Rice, British Force Band, and D. X. Kaufman were killed. And Saturday they did the biggest selling that ever was done in straw hats in Washington. G. C. COWPS AT D. X. KAUF. TEA HAT SALE Selling & Finishing Sftmw Hate at Low Prices Every Day. Saturday's business in Straw Hats was enormous, and the selling will get bigger and bigger as the news spreads. Nothing like this sale of Straw Hats was ever before known in Washington. The unusual quality of the hats and the unusually low prices quoted make this indeed a record-breaking sale that will be long remembered. Here are thousands of the finest straws—right from the manufacturer to you—saving you the middleman's profit—every hat made under our careful supervision and inspection—and every hat Guaranteed a Perfect Hat. This is the way we do business—always working in your interest—giving you right at the start of the season—just when you need the hat? THOUSANDS OF FINE STRAW HATS EVERY STYLE, EVERY BEAUTY THAT'S FASHIONABLE AT 3 SPECIAL BARGAIN FEATHER G?ft iira aft Oirac??Yom'II Wair At Two? The Price of $4 and $3.50 Straw Hats $2.89. Some people ask $5 for the same $1.79 Straw Hats $1.79. Manny hats are sold elsewhere at $4 that are no better. Straw hats $1.39. You'll find hats like these marked $2.50 elsewhere. $7.50 General Pumps, $4.75. IS Gemrum? Pairaamai, $1? Then sum >tar< Always Money's Worth or Money Back D. J. Kaufman 1007 Pennsylvania Ave, Ambassador, was the occupant. Howe had been struck by an automobile while at Nebraska avenue and Loughborough road. The ambassador was motoring to the Country Club and stopped to inquire of Howe the way to the clubhouse. While Howe was giving the required information an automobile came along and bumped into him, injuring his leg. Howe thought he had not been seriously hurt and declined an offer made by the occupant of the passing automobile to take him home. He later found his leg had been hurt worse than he had supposed and the ambassador took him home. H. M. Crouch of Mount Royal avenue, Baltimore, while motoring, was in a collision at Massachusetts and Delaware avenue northeast yesterday afternoon about 4:30 o'clock, his automobile and a Capital Traction car coming together. One wheel of the automobile was broken and the machine's side and top were damaged. An automobile mail delivery wagon collided with a Washington, Baltimore and Annapolis car at 11th and H streets northwest last night about 7:30 o'clock. The automobile sustained about $60 damage. MILITARY TRAINING FOR ANY COLLEGE STUDENT Call for Volunteers for Summer Camps by War Department?Army Officers to Instruct. A call for volunteers from the ranks of college students to take a course in military training at summer camps has been sent out by the War Department. It is expected that about 2,000 students will respond and study. At Gettysburg and Monterey, Cal., where the camps will be pitched, the duties that are assigned to junior officers in the army in time of war. The call is for voluntary service of all able-bodied students over seventeen years of age. Officers of the army will act as instructors. Colleges that are provided with military instructors, as well as those which have no such instruction, have been included in the call. "The object of these camps is primarily" said Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood, chief of staff, who aided in devising the scheme, "to increase the present inadequate personnel of the trained military reserve of the United States by a class of men from whom, in time of a national emergency, a large proportion of the commissioned officers will probably be drawn, and upon whose military judgment at such a time the lives of many other men will in a measure depend. "The object sought is not in any way one of military aggrandizement, but a means of meeting a vital need confronting a peaceful, un-military, though warlike nation to preserve that desired peace, and prosperity by the best known protection, namely, a more thorough preparation and equipment to resist any effort to break such peace." CIVIL WAR VETERAN DEAD. David Harrison Graves Many Years Employee of Pension Office. David Harrison Graves, for thirty-five years an employee of the pension office, died at his home, 24 Grant place, Saturday morning. Funeral services were held at the house at 4 o'clock this afternoon, and interment was in Congressional cemetery. Mr. Graves was born July 2, 1840. In eastern Tennessee, when still a young man, he moved to North Carolina, where he married Miss Virginia Butler of Virginia who survives him. He enlisted in the Confederate army in 1861, and served throughout the war. He came to Washington thirty-five years ago to take the position of secretary to the commission of pensions, and since that time had been an employee of that bureau. THE MODERN WOMAN. XXXV?VOTES FOR WOMEN. By Frederic J. Haskin. Never in the history of the suffrage movement has the sentiment in favor of votes for women been so strong and so far-reaching. Despite the recent defeat of the effort in three state legislatures and in one state at the polls, the leaders never were so hopeful. To the general public, the defeat in Michigan seemed a hard blow to "the cause." To the leaders of the suffrage movement, it was only a stimulus to encourage them to greater effort, as the enthusiasm over the enormous parade in New York last week bears testimony. Many leaders frankly admit that the recent militant demonstration in England was the prime reason for the defeat in Michigan. Others ignore that theory and credit the defeat partially to the hoods which prevented many rural voters from reaching the polls. The short voting hours in many towns it is said, prevented a large number of men from voting. The majority of the leaders agree that the combined forces of the liquor interests had a most potent influence in addition to these other causes. At the election last fall, the liquor interests scattered their forces over the different states in which the suffrage amendment seemed likely to be adopted. Little attention was paid to Michigan then because even the leaders themselves had not regarded the situation as promising. This spring, however, Michigan was the one state upon which the liquor interests had been concentrating their efforts for six months, and the power of their influence in the minds of the suffrage leaders who have been carrying on the campaign in that state is largely responsible for the result of the vote in the legislature. Of course, all such views are scouted as ridiculous by the opposition. The loss of the state of Michigan is not regarded by the suffragists as more than a temporary defeat. It is more than balanced in their minds by the increased interest in the submission of the federal constitutional amendment. On the very day Michigan voted adversely regarding granting the vote to women, the congressional committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association marched to the Capitol in Washington at the head of a long procession, to present its petition to the new Congress to submit to the states the amendment to the Constitution of the United States so as to give political rights to the women of the nation. This petition has been made to numerous other congresses, but with far less apparent results. The committee this year was received at the Capitol steps by a committee representing both the Senate and the House of Representatives. It was extended every courtesy and has the assurance now that a respectable percentage of the members of both bodies are actively interested instead of being passively unopposed, which was the most hopeful attitude encountered even five years ago. Further than this, the woman suffrage committee, which has always been regarded as inactive, is to be a most active one in the present Senate for the first time in the history of the country. The democratic leaders notified the republicans that they intended to take over the committee on woman suffrage, which had hitherto been known as a "minority committee," and enlarge it from five to nine members. The Senate committee on woman suffrage now includes Senator Thomas of Colorado, chairman; Senators Owen, Oklahoma; Ashurst, Arizona; Ransdell. . Illinois: Hollis, New Hampshire: Clapp, Minnesota: Sutherland, Utah; Jones, Washington, and Catron, New Mexico. While all the leaders of the great suffrage movement in America work harmoniously to divergent opinions. On English Methods of the cause, a great difference of opinion exists among them as individuals regarding the methods adopted by the English militants. Some of the least militant Americans seem most generous toward the British women. "The suffrage question is no longer a minor issue in England," said Miss Alice Ard. "It is a war for personal and individual liberty. England is rapidly approaching a condition of civil warfare and the destructive violence of the women must be taken as their declaration of an issue that may terminate in actual war. The destruction of property and risk of human life is deplorable and the non-combatants may be the greatest sufferers at times. That happens always in war. Two cabinet members advised Mrs. Pankhurst that the only way the women could hope to win was by making it a positive issue. This advice has led thousands of refined Englishwomen to imprisonment, degradation, and personal suffering which they are enduring gladly, knowing that the greater the severity meted out to them, the sooner will come the recognition of the equality of the women of the world." English history shows that, responsible as may seem the course of the militant suffragettes, it is only a continuation of the methods adopted by other political reformers in that country. The great charter itself was secured from King John only by demonstrations which included the demolition of property as well as the loss of human life. Today John Burns is an honored member of the British cabinet. Yet a little more than twenty-five years ago he led a mob of English workmen through different parts of London. They smashed windows, looted shops, burned Nottingham Castle, tore the gates off Hyde Park, and committed just such breaches of public peace as the suffragettes are now charged with. John Burns served a six-month sentence in jail. A number of his followers were similarly punished. The English law never regarded John Burns, or any of the others who committed offenses of that kind in protest against existing conditions, as criminals and their imprisonment involved neither stigma nor hardship. They were regarded as political offenders and were given separate rooms in the jail, with the privilege of providing their own food and any other desired comfort. The women have been treated differently from the beginning, and it is the refusal of the British government to recognize the feminine right of appeal against injustice which is largely responsible for the increase in militancy. The women taken up by the English police for actions which would have been regarded as possible offenses if unfairly treated. In the beginning, they have been treated with the greatest brutality, not only by the officers who arrested them, but by those in charge of the prisons in which they were confined. They were thrust into the same cells with the worst class of criminals and given no opportunity for personal privacy or comfort. Instead of being permitted to provide their own food, a time-honored privilege in British prisons, they were compelled to eat the same food. MAY BLOSSOMS? By Inez Casseau. prison fare, which was often polluted with vermin and absolutely repulsive to women of refined tastes. The hunger strike was a protest against this. It brought about the forcible feeding which has been so much condemned by physicians and has been responsible for at least one death, because the food administered by nasal injection was forced into the lungs. A number of educated American women have been subjected to this and, while it has not been considered a matter warranting interference by the United States government, it has treated a strong indignation against English methods, especially noted among the men and women of the south. So, while the conservative American woman feels a sense of horror against the revolutionary acts of the English suffragettes and arms them to be the cause of the defeat in Michigan, thousands of others see in them the strongest hope for the future. "When women are willing to die for a cause, you know it is bound to win in the end," said a southern woman at a tea in Washington recently. "And no matter how much you regret their mistaken zeal, you have to admire their courage." The American suffragist feels sure of ultimate victory without any danger being forced to militancy. The much regretted disorder in the suffrage parade in Washington on the 3rd of March, due partially to the negligence of the police officers, drew such a storm of protest from many of the most distinguished men of the nation that even the suffragists who were annoyed during the parade now agree that it helped them by proving the chivalry of the majority of American men. Incidentally, it also brought many new names to the membership rolls and hundreds of dollars in contributions. The deference shown to the suffragists who marched in the parade to the Capitol April 7 demonstrated that womanhood in America is to receive public protection. The American women enjoy equal suffrage in nine states at present. They have school suffrage in twenty states and territories and taxpayers' suffrage in four states. Montana, Nevada, and South Dakota will submit a suffrage amendment to the voters either this year or next. In New Jersey, New York, and Iowa, a resolution to submit the question to the voters has passed one house and in several other states similar amendments are likely to be presented to the legislature of the present year. This work in the separate states is carried on in addition to the continued campaign now being conducted in Washington, where the national organization is maintaining headquarters for the purpose of influencing Congress to enact a national law. These two lines of work are in absolute harmony. If the national committee should win, it would obviate the necessity for the work in the different states. On the other hand, the enactment of a suffrage law in each individual state strengthens the power of the congressional committee which is working for the national constitutional amendment. DAVID H. GRAVES BURIED. Funeral This Afternoon, With Interment in Congressional Cemetery. Funeral services for David H. Graves, whose death occurred Saturday morning, were held this afternoon at his late residence, 24 Grant place. Rev. Samuel H. Greene of Calvary Baptist Church and Rev. J. J. Mulr of Temple Baptist Church conducting the services. Interment was in Congressional cemetery. Mr. Graves, who was seventy-three years old, had been a resident of Washington for more than thirty-five years, for the greater part of that time being an employee of the pension bureau. He was born in Tennessee, but removed to North Carolina when a young man, serving throughout the civil war in the Confederate army. He participated in many battles, including the battle of Gettysburg. His widow, who was Miss Mary Butler of Virginia, survives him. The forty-third annual meeting of the Great Council Improved Order of Red Men and the twelfth annual meeting of the Degree of Pocahontas of West Virginia will be held in Fairmont, May 13 and 14. NO INCOME TAX ON LIFE INSURANCE FUNDS Proceeds of Policies Will Not Be Required to Help Bear Burdens. An explanation that the pending income tax section of the tariff bill does not propose to lay a burden upon the proceeds of life insurance policies paid upon the death of the insured was made yesterday by Representative Cordell Hull of Tennessee, democratic member of the ways and means committee, who wrote the income tax paragraphs. In his statement, Mr. Hull declares that life insurance companies are misrepresenting the facts in thousands of circulars sent out to policyholders. Mr. Hull says the government proposes to tax the large earnings of Insurance companies and does not propose to touch the premiums or policies. The statement is as follows: "The pending income tax bill, does not in any sense propose to pace this tax upon the proceeds of life insurance policies paid on the death of the insured nor upon the return of the principal invested in life insurance." In any manner during the fire of the person making the investment for business purposes. Applies to Active Gains. "This would apply to endowment and other policies under the operation of which portions of the principal invested therein would be returned to the Investor during his life. The proposed tax would, however, apply to any actual gains or profits arising from such investments and return either separately or along with any portion of the principal from time to time, just as interest upon the loan of money which might be paid to the lender separately or which might be included with a payment of the principal. An actuary would determine whether any actual gains accrue with respect to these insurance transactions. If not accruing therefore the tax would not apply in any sense. "Some of the large companies, which have amassed in the neighborhood of half a billion dollars assets and which derive large profits annually from savings in expenses, from savings in mortality, and from excess interest earnings, in addition to the amounts received from premium payments made by policyholders, are seeking to have these net profits in bulk exempted from the proposed nominal tax of 1 percent per annum. Terms Circulars Unfair. "Of course, we all feel kindly toward Insurance companies, and especially toward all policyholders, and would under no circumstances do them an injustice, and from my investigations I can find no theory even under all the facts by which policyholders would be in the least affected. Most of these companies have always represented to the public and to the policyholders that they declare periodical dividends of surplus, etc., and were not simply making a return of premium savings or premium over charges. "It has always been pictured to the public that these companies were making large profits each year from the source that I have mentioned, out of which policyholders receive annual dividends. However, when the government proposes a 1 percent tax, not on the policyholders, but on the aggregate profit of the corporation, the companies then abandon the representations made to the public and set up the contention that they were simply making returns of premium savings to policyholders. These companies have sent out circulars that I consider misleading, and whatever the intention, the effect of which is to unnecessarily alarm and excite the apprehension of the policyholders." BOY ARRESTED AT TRAIN. Charged With Theft of Check and Cash From Hyattsville Employer. Robert Haynes, sixteen years old, who says he is from Bangor, Me., was arrested in Union station this morning by Detective Sears and held for the Prince George county, Md., authorities. It is charged that he stole in cash and a check for $50. From Dr. S. A. Szarra of Hyattsville this morning. Haynes was employed in the physician's house. Shortly after he left the house this morning, his employer discovered he had been robbed and telephoned the police. The boy had purchased a ticket for New York and was about to board a train when he was arrested. "I just took the money and check," was the prisoner's statement when questioned by the detective. The boy will be turned over to the Maryland authorities. Non-Refillable Bottle FREE CLUB RECIPES Free booklet of "doctors" mixed drinks. At the Wines, 303 Fifth Avenue, N.Y. That's all. For your protection and ours, insist upon the Hon-Refillable Bottle. You'll get the best whiskey you ever tasted. Wilson?Real Wilson That's All No Metal Port. Can the Whiskey.
| 44,452 |
https://github.com/akonit/diplom/blob/master/src/main/groovy/utils/UserDataUtils.groovy
|
Github Open Source
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Open Source
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BSD-3-Clause
| 2,014 |
diplom
|
akonit
|
Groovy
|
Code
| 873 | 2,313 |
package utils
import groovy.sql.Sql
import org.apache.log4j.Logger
import sql.*
import java.nio.file.Files
import java.nio.file.Paths
/**
* Функции по работе с SqlLite-хранилищем данных.
*/
public class UserDataUtils {
static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(UserDataUtils.class.getName())
private static Sql connection
/**
* Создаст новый .db файл.
* @param name имя файла.
*/
public static void createNewFile(String name) {
try {
new File("saves").mkdir();
InputStream is = new FileInputStream("configuration/base.db")
Files.copy(is, Paths.get("saves/" + name + ".db"))
is.close()
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("createNewFile [" + name + "] -> error", e)
}
openFile(name)
}
/**
* Откроет существующий .db файл.
*/
public static void openFile(String name) {
String url = "jdbc:sqlite:saves/" + name + ".db"
connection = ConnectionManager.openAndGetConnection(url, Database.SQLITE)
connection.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")
connection.getConnection().setAutoCommit(false)
log.info("openFile [" + name + "] -> done")
}
/**
* Вызывать перед завершением работы приложения.
*/
public static void exitApplication() {
ConnectionManager.closeConnection(connection)
}
/**
* Оставит в бд только актуальные версии объектов.
*/
public static void cleanUp() {
try {
//clean up undone
cleanUpUndone()
//clean up deleted
connection.execute("delete from app_table where is_deleted = ?", [1])
connection.execute("delete from app_attribute where is_deleted = ?", [1])
connection.execute("delete from app_relation where is_deleted = ?", [1])
connection.execute("delete from app_index where is_deleted = ?", [1])
connection.execute("delete from relation_to_attr where is_deleted = ?", [1])
connection.execute("delete from app_index_attribute where is_deleted = ?", [1])
//clean up old versions
connection.eachRow("select distinct(id) from app_table") {
def row = connection.firstRow("select * from app_table where id = ? order by time desc",
[it.id])
connection.execute("delete from app_table where id = ? and time != ?", [it.id, row.time])
}
connection.eachRow("select distinct(id) from app_attribute") {
def row = connection.firstRow("select * from app_attribute where id = ? order by time desc",
[it.id])
connection.execute("delete from app_attribute where id = ? and time != ?", [it.id, row.time])
}
connection.eachRow("select distinct(id) from app_relation") {
def row = connection.firstRow("select * from app_relation where id = ? order by time desc",
[it.id])
connection.execute("delete from app_relation where id = ? and time != ?", [it.id, row.time])
}
connection.eachRow("select distinct(id) from app_index") {
def row = connection.firstRow("select * from app_index where id = ? order by time desc",
[it.id])
connection.execute("delete from app_index where id = ? and time != ?", [it.id, row.time])
}
connection.eachRow("select distinct(id) from relation_to_attr") {
def row = connection.firstRow("select * from relation_to_attr where id = ? order by time desc",
[it.id])
connection.execute("delete from relation_to_attr where id = ? and time != ?", [it.id, row.time])
}
connection.eachRow("select distinct(id) from app_index_attribute") {
def row = connection.firstRow("select * from app_index_attribute where id = ? order by time desc",
[it.id])
connection.execute("delete from app_index_attribute where id = ? and time != ?", [it.id, row.time])
}
log.info("cleanUp -> done")
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("cleanUp -> error", e)
throw new RuntimeException(e)
}
}
public static void save() {
connection.commit()
}
public static Sql getConnection() {
return connection
}
/**
* Отменить последнее действие.
* Получаем время последней транзакции в статусе 'DONE' и отмечаем отмененными все записи в бд,
* датируемые этим временем.
*/
public static void undo() {
try {
def row = connection.firstRow("select time from app_table "
+ " union select time from app_attribute "
+ " union select time from app_relation "
+ " union select time from app_index "
+ " union select time from relation_to_attr "
+ " union select time from app_index_attribute "
+ " where status = ? order by time desc", [Status.DONE.name])
if (row == null) {
log.error("undo -> nothing to be undone here")
return
}
long time = row.time;
updateStatus(time, Status.UNDONE)
log.info("undo -> done")
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("undo -> error", e)
throw new RuntimeException(e)
}
}
/**
* Повторить последнее отмененное действие.
* Получаем время последней транзакции в статусе 'DONE' и отмечаем отмененными все записи в бд,
* датируемые этим временем.
*/
public static void redo() {
try {
def row = connection.firstRow("select time from app_table "
+ " union select time from app_attribute "
+ " union select time from app_relation "
+ " union select time from app_index "
+ " union select time from relation_to_attr "
+ " union select time from app_index_attribute "
+ " where status = ? order by time desc", [Status.UNDONE.name])
if (row == null) {
log.error("redo -> nothing to be undone here")
return
}
long time = row.time;
updateStatus(time, Status.DONE)
log.info("redo -> done")
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("redo -> error", e)
throw new RuntimeException(e)
}
}
/**
* Обновит статус во всех записях базы данных с указанным временем транзакции.
*/
private static void updateStatus(long time, Status status) {
connection.execute("update app_table set status = ? where time = ?", [status.name, time])
connection.execute("update app_attribute set status = ? where time = ?", [status.name, time])
connection.execute("update app_relation set status = ? where time = ?", [status.name, time])
connection.execute("update app_index set status = ? where time = ?", [status.name, time])
connection.execute("update relation_to_attr set status = ? where time = ?", [status.name, time])
connection.execute("update app_index_attribute set status = ? where time = ?", [status.name, time])
}
/**
* Удалит все записи в статусе 'UNDONE'.
*/
public static void cleanUpUndone() {
connection.execute("delete from app_table where status = ?", [Status.UNDONE.name])
connection.execute("delete from app_attribute where status = ?", [Status.UNDONE.name])
connection.execute("delete from app_relation where status = ?", [Status.UNDONE.name])
connection.execute("delete from app_index where status = ?", [Status.UNDONE.name])
connection.execute("delete from relation_to_attr where status = ?", [Status.UNDONE.name])
connection.execute("delete from app_index_attribute where status = ?", [Status.UNDONE.name])
}
}
| 31,527 |
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/312997
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,013 |
Stack Exchange
|
DarkAndromeda31, Incomprehensible, Nishil Savla, Shubham Srivastava, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/7202, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/912538, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/912539, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/912540, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/913284, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/913307, passerby51, teovvv
|
English
|
Spoken
| 303 | 681 |
Likelihod ratio test: $f_0(x)=2x$ vs $f_1(x)=3x^2$ : $2n$ degree of freedom?
Let $\left\{ X_i \right \}$ be an $n$-sample with pdf $f$.
Show that the likelihood ratio test statistic for
\begin{align}
H_0 &: f(x) = 2x \\
H_1 &: f(x)= 3x^2
\end{align}
has a $\chi^2$ distribution with $2n$ degrees of freedom.
The likelihood ratio test statistic is
$$
\lambda = \frac{\prod f_0(x_i)}{\prod f_1(x_i)} =
\frac{(2/3)^n}{t^n},
$$
with $t=\prod x_i$.
Then I should show
$$
\lim_{n\to\infty} -2\ln \lambda \stackrel{d}= \chi^2(2n).
$$
How can the degree of freedom be $2n$?
I don't see any parameter in $H_0$ and $H_1$, to apply the theorem which says
$$
\lim_{n\to\infty} -2\ln \lambda \stackrel{d}= \chi^2(\#\Theta_1-\#\Theta_0).
$$
$\lambda$ does not seem to have $\chi^2$ distribution under either $H_0$ or $H_1$. Probably you want to show that statement asymptotically.
@passerby51 Thanks, I meant asymptotically but didn't write clearly. I tried to copy a proof on the asymptotics of $\lambda$, but all the proof I know makes reference to the parameter space $\Theta_1$ and $\Theta_0$.
The statement is still not quite correct. The RHS of your limit ($\chi^2(2n)$) depends on $n$ which shouldn't. Probably you want to show that $-2 \ln \lambda_n - Y_n$ goes to zero in probability, where $Y_n \sim \chi^2(2n)$ is some sequence of random variables. I am still not quite sure this is true. Are you sure you are not missing anything in the problem?
@passerby51 I think everything of the problem is here. I will try to find such a sequence $Y_n$. I tried to view the LRT as a goodness-of-fit test with $n$ cells in $H_0$ and $2n$ cells in $H_1$ ($max(f_0(X_i),f_1(X_i))$). Then the degree of freedom is $2n-n=n$.
Asked and answer on statSE. @passerby51 the trick is that $-ln X_i$ has an exponential distribution under $H_0$, that is a $\chi^2$ with $2$ degrees of freedom.
| 9,120 |
https://github.com/Shuan97/CHATello-be/blob/master/src/utils/transformer.ts
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
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CHATello-be
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Shuan97
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TypeScript
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Code
| 52 | 113 |
import { Op } from 'sequelize';
/**
* Allows usage of wildcards for strings in query params
*
* @param query
* @returns
*/
export const transformQueryWildcardParams = (query) => {
if (!query) return null;
const result = {};
Object.keys(query).forEach((key) => {
result[key] = { [Op.substring]: query[key] };
});
return result;
};
| 16,931 |
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fradswell
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Fradswell
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https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fradswell&action=history
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French
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Spoken
| 156 | 266 |
Fradswell est un village du Staffordshire, en Angleterre, situé à environ au nord-est de la ville de Stafford et à au nord de Colwich. Fradwell a été mentionné pour la première fois en tant que membre de la paroisse de Colwich dans le Domesday Book, où il est répertorié en tant que Frodawelle ou Frodeswelle, et il s'agit probablement d'une colonie anglienne (?) établie au cours de l'âge sombre.
Le village a reçu sa propre église au , lorsque la chapelle Saint-Jacques-le-Mineur a été créée. Le chœur a survécu, mais la partie principale de l'église a été reconstruite en 1764. Fradswell devint une paroisse à part entière en (elle est depuis devenue la paroisse de Milwich avec Fradswell). Une rénovation ultérieure, comprenant la construction d’une nouvelle nef et l’installation de vitraux de William Wailes, a été effectuée peu après. À cette époque, il comptait et ( carrés) de terre.
Références
Voir aussi
Village dans le Staffordshire
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archivesparlemen38pariuoft_55
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French-PD-diverse
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,787 |
Archives parlementaires de 1787 a 1860
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None
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French
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Spoken
| 7,486 | 11,992 |
« Le roi désire, Monsieur, que l'état-major de sa garde et la " division, la seule qui soit en état do pa raître sous les armes, se rendent mardi prochain, à midi, à l'Hôlel de Ville, pour y prêter, en présence du conseil général de la commune, le serment prescrit par la Constitution. Je vous prie, Monsieur, de me faire savoir si rien ne s'oppose à ce que l'intention du roi soit remplie. « Signé : Cahieb. >> auestion peut se résoudre très aisément par la onstitution elle-même et par les fonctions aux quelles cette garde est assujettie. La Constitution en parle d'une manière posi tive, lorsqu'elle dit que leurs fonctions seront de garder la personne du roi. Elle en parle d'une manière négative, lorsqu'elle dit qu'elle ne pourra remplir aucuns services publics. 11 faut donc, pour que la ligne de démarcation entre la garde du roi et tous les corps militaires se trouve tracée, que le serment qu'elle prêtera, indique la nature de ses fonctions. Ainsi, après le ser ment général qui précède tous les serments des fonctionnaires publics, celui d'être fidèle à la nation, à la loi et au roi, ils doivent jurer de garder la personne du roi, et de n'obéir à au cune réquisition qui pourrait leur être faite pour tout autre service quelconque. (Murmures.) On ne peut se dissimuler que les chefs de ce corps n'aient donné des preuves d'incivisme. On me dira que des serments ne changent pas la nature des hommes; mais il est impossible qu'il existe une troupe armée qui n'ait prêté aucun serment quelconque de fidélité. Ceux qui se plai sent à dénoncer l'Assemblée nationale, la blâ meraient avec raison d'avoir rejeté, à cet égard, la proposition du pouvoir exécutif si quelque circonstance donnait lieu à objecter une non prestation de serment. Je demande la rédaction de la formule de ce serment. Un membre : La formule du serment est très simple; elle doit se borner à l'engagement de ne jamais porter les armes contre les citoyens. Plusieurs membres : Le renvoi aux comités militaire et de législation réunis ! M. Daverhoult, On demande le renvoi; je demande que ce ne soit point au comité mili taire, mais au comité de législation, pour qu'il soit bien constant que ce n'est pas un corps mi litaire, j M. Basîrc. Dès qu'il est reconnu que la garde j du roi n'est obligée à aucun service public, elle'' ne pourrait prêter en présence des magistrats du peuple qu un serment ridicule, puisqu'il con sisterait à jurer de ne pas leur obéir en cas de réquisition. La garde du roi ou les citoyens qui la composent ont dû prêter déjà le serment civi que. JSous n'avons pas besoin d'exiger un autre serment puisqu'ils n'exercent pas de fonctions publiques, le roi répond personnellement de leur conduite. [Murmures.) Je sais que le roi est invio lable ; mais il y a sous lui des hommes qui don nent des ordres et qui en répondent. Ainsi, c'est au roi à prescrire à sa garde une formule quel conque de serment, pourvu qu'elle ne soit pas contraire à la Constitution. iNous n'avons donc pas à nous occuper de cela. Je demande que l'on passe à l'ordre du jour, et qu'on laisse au roi faire ce qu'il voudra. M. Aubert-Dabayet. L'Assemblée a bien senti qu'il fallait qu'elle s'occupât de cette af faire. Une chose complètement ridicule et incons titutionnelle serait qu'il y eût dans l'état une force armée qui ne rendît pas un hommage au souverain qui est la nation. Je ne conçois pas comment on pourrait entendre qu'il existât une troupe quelconque, fût-elle de lU hommes, gui ne prêtât pas un serment à la nation. Je ae mande que le renvoi soit mis aux voix. (L'Assemblée décrète le renvoi au comité de législation.) M. Basire. Lorsque la garde du roi... [Assemblée nationale législatiTc] ARCHIVES PARLEMENTAIRES. [11 février 1192. J 4ûa Plusieurs membres : L'ordre du jour! M. Basire. Monsieur le Président, obtenez 3oi le silence! Un grand nombre de membres : L'ordre du jour ! M. le Président. II reste à l'Assemblée à fixer époque à laquelle se fera le rapport du comité e législation. Plusieurs membres : Ce soir! ce soir! (L'Assemblée décide que le comité de législa ion lui fera son rapport ce soir.) M. Basire insiste pour avoir la parole. Un grand nombre de membres : L'ordre du jour ! (L'Assemblée passe à l'ordre du jour.) M. Bianciiard, au nom des comités militaire t de l'ordinaire des finances réunis, fait un rap ort et présente un projet de décret (1) sur une jurniture de viande à faire aux troupes qui sont JUS les commandements des maréchaux Rocham eau et Luckner et du général Lafayette; il s'ex rime ainsi : Messieurs, le ministre de la guerre vous a re résenté dernièrement (2) les inconvénients u'il y avait à payer une partie du prêt des "oupes en assignats et il vous a proposé de mrnir la viande en nature aux troupes qui sont iir les frontières, à cause des pertes incalcula les qu'éprouvent les assignats chez les bou bers qui ne veulent fournir la viande qu'en change de numéraire ou avec un bénéfice exor itantsur le papier-monnaie. Les commissaires e la trésorerie vous exposent d'un autre côté ue l'achat du numéraire est extrêmement dis endieux. Votre comité a pensé que la seule me jre à prendre pour diminuer la somme du nu léraire à fournir pour le prêt des troupes, était e fournir aux soldats la majeure partie de leurs mnitions, par le moyen d'un marché fait avec n entrepreneur général des vivres. Il vous pro ose de leur faire fournir la viande sur le pied e 8 sous 6 deniers la livre, taux qui a été fixé ans la dernière guerre, et sauf la diminution u'il doit éprouver pendant la paix, par la sta iliié des garnisons, et la stabilité qui en résulte ans le service. Des entreprises partielles exige lient des marchés plus nombreux, et la con jjrrence des acheteurs augmenterait le prix de L denrée. Si cette fourniture, faite par une en reprise générale, augmente indirectement la épense de la solde des troupes, elle est une ponomie réelle pour le Trésor public, puisqu'elle li évite les frais d'achat du numéraire. Votre Dmité vous propose de décréter qu'il sera fourni chaque homme présent aux drapeaux, et vi ant à l'ordinaire, une ration d'un quarteron de iande par jour, moyennant la retenue d'un sou ,j deniers. Voici le projet de décret : Décret d'urgence. L'Assemblée nationale, considérant qu'il im )rte aux intérêts de la nation et du Trésor pu iic de ménapr le numéraire ; et voulant d un itre côté qu aucun obstacle ne puisse nuire à .subsistance et au bien-être du soldat, a dé vête l'urgence. (1) Bibliothèque nationale : Assemblée législative, épenses publiques, M. (2) Voy. Archives parlementaires, l" sérient, XXXVU, «née du 24 janvier 1792, page 625. Décret définitif. L'Assemblée nationale, ayant entendu le rap port de ses comités militaire et de l'ordinaire des finances réunis, sur la proposition du mi nistre de la guerre, de faire délivrer de la viande aux troupes dans plusieurs garnisons-frontières, a décrété et décrète ce qui suit : Art. l*^ A compter di 1" mars prochain, il sera fourni, tant aux troupes de ligne, qu'aux gardes nationales, formant les garnisons-fron tières, qui sont sous le commandement des ma réchaux Rochambeau et Luckner et du lieute nant-général Lafayette, une ration d'un quarte ron de viande fraîche par jour. Art. 2. Il leur sera retenu sur leur solde 15 deniers par ration. Art. 3. Cette fourniture ne pourra avoir lieu qu'à l'effectif des hommes présents sous les armes et vivant à l'ordinaire. Art. 4. Le ministre de la guerre est autorisé à faire les marchés nécessaires à cet effet. Art. 5. Cette dépense, qui n'aura lieu que jus qu'à nouvel ordre, sera imputée sur le fonds ex traordinaire de 20 millions décrété le 20 dé cembre dernier. Art. 6. Le présent décret sera porté, dans le jour, à la sanction. M. Blanchard, rapporteur, propose d'ouvrir sur-le-champ la discussion. Plusieurs membres : L'impression et l'ajourne ment ! (L'Assemblée décrète l'impression du projet de décret et ajourne la discussion à mardi soir.) M. Chanbry-Delaroche, au nom du comité de l'ordinaire des finances, fait un rapport et présente un projet de décret (1) tendant a soustraire à la formalité de V enregistrement, les certificats que sont tenus de représenter les créanciers de VEtat. Le projet de décret est ainsi conçu : L'Assemblée nationale, après avoir entendu son comité de l'ordinaire des finances, considérant que le décret qu'elle a rendu le 13 décembre, relatif aux formalités à observer pour les paye ments dans le< différentes caisses nationales. Va d'autre objet gue d'ôter aux émigrés la facilité d'éluder les dispositions de loi du 24 juin 1791; qu'elle n'a pas eu l'intention d'assujettir les créanciers de l'Etat à des formalités dispen dieuses, décrète : a Art. 1". Les certificats exigés par la loi du 17 décembre dernier, donnée sur le décret dont il s'agit, ne seront point assujettis à la formalité de l'enregistrement : dérogeant à cet égard à l'article l*''de la quatrième section de la troisième classe du tarif. « Art. 2. Les quittances de remboursement des maîtrises et jurandes portées à l'enregistrement, ne seront soumises qu'au droit de cinq sols pour simple formalité, conformément à l'article 18 du décret du 29 septembre dernier. » M. ChaubrT-Delaroehe, rapporteur. Je de mande que la lecture de ce projet de décret soit considérée comme la première. (L'Assemblée décrète cette motion et ajourne la seconde lecture à huitaine.) M. Pyr«t, au nom du comité de liquidation. (1) Bibliothèque nationale : Assemblée législative, Dette publique, tome II, X. 404 [Assemblée nationale législative.] ARCHIVES PARLEMENTAIRES. [11 férrier 1792.] faitune troisième lecture de trois fro jets de décret de liquidation (1) concernant : Le premier, ïarriéré des départements de la maison du roi^ de la guerre des finances et de la ma rine,les créances sur le ci-devant clergé, les jurandes et maîtrises, les domaines et les droits féodaux; Le second, les offices de judicature et ministé riels; Le troisième, les offices de "perruquiers (2). (L'Assemblée décrète qu'elle est en état de rendre lesdits décrets définitivement.) La discussion est ouverte sur ces projets de décrets. M. Hlouysset, au nom du comité des décrets. Je demande à présenter à l'Assemblée quelq_ues ob servations relativement aux décrets de liquida tion. Le ministre la justice vous a fait part des difficultés qu'il éprouvait pour l'impression des projets de liquidation, qui était très onéreuse. Votre comité des décrets a examiné cette obser vation, et il vous propose le projet de décret suivant : « L'Assemblée nationale, considérant qu'il est important de faire publier au plus tôt les décrets rendus en matière de liquidation, et que néan moins l'affiche par placards des tableaux ad joints à ces décrets devient très onéreuse, dé crète qu'il y a urgence. « L'Assemblée nationale, après avoir décrété l'urgence, décrète que le ministre de la justice est autorisé à ne faire imprimer par placards que les résultats des décrets de l'Assemblée na tionale rendus en matière, soit de liquidation, soit de pensions. » (L'Assemblée décrète le projet, sauf rédac tion) (3). (L'Assemblée adopte le premier projet de dé cret présenté par M. Pyrot.) La discussion s'ouvre sur le second projet de décret. M. Cainbon. Messieurs les notaires de Paris ont été, par une prédilection du corps consti tuant, tirés de la classe commune des liquida tions. La loi qu'il rendit à cet égard est le fruit de rintrigue et de la perversité. Tous ces offices ont été liquidés d'après l'évaluation ou d'après les contrats. Ce sont les bases uniformes que le corps constituant avait adoptées pour toutes les liquidations. Cependant, pour les notaires de Pans, on a fait une exception ; on a prétendu que ces offices valaient beaucoup plus d'argent ; qu'ils avaient beaucoup diminué de prix par la Révolution, que les offices ne pouvaient être ven dus au delà d'unprixfixé par une coutume qu'ils avait dans ce corps, et, en conséquence, le comité par l'organe de M. Le Chapelier, rapporteur, pro posa de prendre la base des 57 derniers offices pour en faire un prix commun. Le corps cons tituant, après une longue discussion, ne prit pas la base proposée par le comité, mais il porta cette base à 70 offices au lieu de 57. La principale raison de ce comité fut qu'on ne pouvait point faire de liquidation particulière pour les notaires de Paris. On entra dans quelcrues détails et on avança, à la tribune de rAssemblée, on peut consulter le Logographe, que les charges des notaires de Paris monteraient à 205,000 liv. Cependant, dans les 27 charges qu'on nous propose de liquider, la base au lieu d'être à 205,000 livres monte à 246,000 livres; nous ne pouvons pas examiner dans ce moment si le fait annoncé à l'Assemblée est juste ou non; .mais je crois que, dans une affaire de cette im portance, il importe au moins à l'Assemblée Qu'elle vérifie avec attention le fait. Je demande onc que le comité de liquidation présente un décret particulier dans lequel seront compris tous les offices des notaires de Paris, pour que nous puissions examiner les bases de cette li quidation (4). M. Pastorct. J'appuie la proposition de M. Cambon, mais, contre son opinion, je crois que la loi qu'il vient de citer est fondée sur la plus rigoureuse justice. (L'Assemblée adopte la proposition de M. Cam bon.) (5) Plusieurs membres proposent divers amende ments qui sont adoptés. (L'Assemblée adopte le second projet de décret présenté par M. Pyrot, puis le troisième.) Suit le texte définitif des décrets de liquidation présentés par M. Pyrot : PREMIER PROJET. j <' L'Assemblée nationale, sur le rapport de son comité de liquidation, qui lui a rendu compte des vérifications et rapports faits par le commissaire du roi, directeur général de la liquidation aprèïi avoir entendu les trois lectures du projet de décret dans les séances des 28 janvier, 4 et 11 fé vrier 1792, et après avoir décrété qu'elle était en état de rendre le décret définitif, décrète qu'er conformité des précédents décrets sur la liquidation de la dette publique et sur les fonds destiné; à l'acquit de ladite dette, il sera payé aux. ci-après nommés, et pour les causes qui seront pareil lement exprimées, les sommes suivantes, savoir : (1) Voy. ci-desisus la seconde lecture, séance du 4 février 1792 au matin, page 125. (2) Nous n'avons pu trouver le texte des élats visés dans les projets de décret présentés par M. Pyrot, c dans lesquels le rapporteur a dû introduire certaines modifications dans l'intervalle des trois lectures. Nou donnons seulement ici le décret définitif, avec les amendements adoptés, tel qu'il est imprimédans la collée tion de Baudouin, tome 20, page 206. (3) Ce décret a été considéré comme amendement et inséré avec la rédaction adoptée par le comité de liquida tion à la fin du troisième décret de M. Pyrot concernant les offices de perruquiers. — Voy. ci-après, p. 411 (4) Voy., ci-après, aux annexes de la séance, page 415, les Observations des notaires de Paris, sur les disposi tiens de la loi du 6 octobre dernier, concernant leur liquidation. (5) L'amendement de M. Cambon a été inséré à la fin du deuxième décret de M. Pyrot, concernant les office de judicature et ministériel. [Assemblé» nationale législative.] ARCHIVES PARLEMENTAIRES. [11 férrier 1792.] 405 l" ARRIÉRÉ DU DÉPARTEMENT DE LA MAISON DU ROI. MAISON DE LA REINE. Fournisseurs, offlciers et autres personnes employés dans la maison de la reine, pourles gages etlrai tements pendant les années 1787, 1788 et 1789 (164 parties prenantes ... 780,900 1. 16 s. 1 d. MAISON DU ROI. Traitements, subsistances, gages, nourriturCj fournitures et dépenses diverses du département de la maison du roi, pour les années 1786, 1787, 1788 et 1789 (11 parties prenantes). c 170,784 10 9 Officiers et gardes de la compagnie des gardes de la porte du roi, pour les intérêts de leurs offices supprimés, à compter du 1" octobre 1780 jus qu'au l" janvier 1790 (70 parties prenantes) 112,525 » » DÉPARTEMENT DE L'INTÉRIEUR. Infirmerie de Versailles. Fournisseurs, ouvriers et employés pendant les années 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788 et 1789 (31 parties prenantes) 169,586 1 3 CAPITAINERIES. Fontainebleau. Chauffage et éclairage du corps de garde de la compagnie des bas officiers invalides préposés à la garde du château en l'année 1789 ; entre tien de la faisanderie, des labours et semences des terres pour la conser vation du gibier: fournitures, gages et habillements des brigadiers et gardes à pied et à cheval pendant les deux semestres 1789 (66 parties prenantes) 54,946 > » Boulogne. Officiers, gardes et fournisseurs, pour parfait payement des dépenses de la capitainerie pendant les 9 derniers mois 1789 (13 parties pre nantes) 45,677 2 1 Compiègne. Officiers, gardes-chasses, fournisseurs et employés du château, pour gages et gratifications annuelles pendant les années 1788 et 1789 (31 par ties prenantes) 74,964 19 » Saint Germain-en-Laye. Appointements, fournitures et autres d^enses pendant les années 1787 à 1789 (14 parties, prenantes) 82,127 4 7 ACADÉMIE ROYALE DE MUSIQUE. Foumituresfaitesàl'Opérapendant l'année 1789 (4 parties prenantes). 90,248 3 2 RÉCLAMATIONS PARTICULIÈRES. Remboursement de deux années et demie de lovers des écuries de la^ reine, échus du 1" juillet 1787 au 1" juillet 1790,"à raison de 13,000 li-( .9 .0. o .^ vres par an. Indemnité résultant de la résiliation d'un marché relatifv <«''.«i y iv» à la pourvoirie de la maison de la reine (2 parties prenantes) ) 406 (Assemblée nationale légiilative.] ARCHIVES PARLEMENTAIRES. [11 févriar n92.J BATIMENTS DU ROI. Dehors de Versailles. Entrepreneurs, ouvriers et fournisseurs pour les années 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788 et 1789 (9 parties prenantes) 55,919 1. 4s. lOd. Parc de Versailles. Ouvrages de serrurerie pendant les années 1777, 1781, 1782, 1783 et 1784 (1 partie prenante) ?,396 13 5 Compiègne. Ouvrages et traitements d'ouvriers blessés pendant les années 1786, 1787 et 1788 (3 parties prenantes) 3,442 14 7 Saint-Hubert. Ouvrages de peinture pendant les années 1775, 1782 et 1783 (1 partie prenante) 618 19 6 Manufacture des Gobelins. Gratifications et indemnités aux différents ouvriers des manufactures des Gobelins et de la Savonnerie, pour les années 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789 et partie de 1790 (1 partie prenante) 36,923 11 7 Département des Arts. Ouvriers et fournisseurs pour les années 1780 et suivantes, jusques et compris les 6 premiers mois de 1790 (17 parties prenantes) 76,729 » • Dépenses fixes. Entrepreneurs, engagistes et employés de tous les ordres et divisions du département des dépenses fixes, pour gages pendant les années 1787, 1788 et 1789 (33 parties prenantes) 85,692 15 8 Réclamations particulières dans le département de la maison du roi, division des bâtiments. Acompte sur les travaux faits dans le département de Versailles, depuis et compris l'année 1784, jusques et compris l'année 1788 Appointements d'inspecteur des travaux de l'église Sainte-Geneviève,] six derniers mois de 1789. I Ouvrages de maçonnerie et de couverture dans le département def Compiègne, à compter de l'année 1773 jusques et y compris l'année 1784./ 281,886 7 9 Payement d'un tableau ordonné en 1788 pour le service du roi, repré-i sentant Glaudius vainqueur des Africains I Appointements en qualité de concierge du cabinet du roi, etc.,i rejetés par l'ordonnateur, le commissaire du roi et proposés en rejet à l'Assemblée nationale (6 parties prenantes) / 2° ARRIÉRÉ DU DÉPARTEMENT DE LA GUERRE. Fournitures et avances faites par divers particuliers et traitements ^et appointements à différents employés de l'année 1781 à l'année 1789 (9 parties prenantes) 247,989 17 11 MARÉCHAUSSÉE DE BRETAGNE. Frais extraordinaires dus aux brigades pour les translations par elles faites pendant les quatre derniers mois de 1789, de déserteurs et de filles débauchées arrêtés par suite de discipline militaire (1 partie pre nante) 6,469 5 u ÉTAT-MAJOR DE LA CAVALERIE. Appointements de maréchal des logis pendant 1789 (1 partie prenante). 3,335 » p [Assemblée nationale législative.] ARGfflVES PARLEMENTAIRES. [11 février 1192.) 407 RECLAMATION PARTICUUÈRE. Demande d'indemnité faite par le sieur Doré pour raison de la décou verte et la prise du Trésor de l'armée hanovrienne, proposée en rejet à l'Assemblée nationale (1 partie prenante) > s. 3° ARRIÉRÉ DU DÉPARTEMENT DES FINANCES. Indemnités à divers propriétaires de maisons sur les quais et ponts de la ville de Paris, démolies pour l'embellissement et agrandissement de la ville (6 parties prenantes) 232,025 ADMINISTRATION DES HARAS. Dépôt d'Aniers. Employés et fournisseurs des haras dépendant de l'administration de M. de'Polignac, pour Tannée 1789 (25 parties prenantes) 7,477 11 Entrepôt général des haras. Fournisseurs et employés pour les années 1787, 1788 et 1789 (2 parties prenantes) 2,054 11 RÉCLAMATIONS PARTICULIERES. Office de greffier plumitif de la chambre des comptes de Dôle.... Indemnité de non-iouissance de terres affermées Remboursement de maisons achetées par le roi pour l'agrandis sement des halles , Traitements aux commissaires du ci-devant Châtelet de Paris, en considération de leurs fonctions pendant l'année 1790 Réédification et réparations à divers édifices publics Finances d'offices et indemnités aux anciens officiers du bailliage de Schambourg, en exécution d'un arrêt du conseil du 1" avril 1790 Fournitures de bois et lumière aux troupes de la cidevant province des Trois-Evêchés, pendant les 4 derniers mois de 1788, novembre et décembre 1789 et 6 derniers mois de 1790, payables sur les fonds des impositions de cette province Traitements de présidents et maîtres des requêtes en l'année 1789.. Payement de grains achetés dans la Flandre autrichienne, pour l'ap provisionnement de Paris en 1789 Entrepreneurs et ouvriers du salon de minéralogie Traitement annuel au doyen des médecins de l'Hôtel-Dieu de Paris.. 1 Indemnité annuelle aux officiers de la Prévôté de l'Hôtel, pour la' suppression des marchands privilégiés qui étaient sous la charge des grands prévôts de France Ouvrages d'imprimerie pour le département des finances Travail fait en 1789 à la collection des arrêts, édits et déclarations acations à la rédaction des titres et papiers servant à constater la situation du" sieur Sérilly ' Frais d'un ouvragé sur l'histoire naturelle des animaux marins... Honoraires des déoutés à l'Assemblée des notables Traitement annuel de commissaire du bureau général des dépenses de la maison du roi Primes accordées par arrêt du conseil du 22 septembre 1786, aux pro priétaires des bateaux toués Mouture et transports de grains en 1789 Achats de grains en 1789 pour le gouvernement Conservation de rente viagère résultant d'abandon d'offices et rentes sur l'Etat Remboursement de rescriptions suspendues sur la recette générale des finances Demande en revision d un décret du 19 août 1791, présentée en rejet (131 parties prenantes) 559,591 408 [Assemblée nationale législative.] ARCHIVES PARLEMENTAIRES. [11 février 1792.] 4° ARRIÉRÉ DU DÉPARTEMENT DE LA MARINE. PORT DE LORIENT. Ouvrages, fournitures et autres dépenses faites par divers particuliers pour les besoins du service de la marine et des colonies, dans les années 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788 et 1789 (28 parties prenantes). Sommes dues antérieurement à l'exercice de 1790, dans ce départe ment, pour traitements, appointements, fournitures et autres objets (8 parties prenantes) 169,156 1. 15 s. 4 d. 43,723 13 3 RECLAMATIONS PARTICULIERES. Fournitures pour l'habillement des chiourmes du port de Toulon... Valeur des biens possédés à Gayenne par les jésuites, au nom de la mission du Levant, subrogée aux créanciers de cette société Fabrication de pierriers d'une demi-livre, exécutés pour le service de la marine en 178^ Fournitures de marchandises et comestibles à Gorée, en 1787 Traitement des soldats malades des colonies, pendant le troisième quartier de 1789 Taitements aux inspecteurs et employés de la police militaire à Brest Ports de lettres reçues pac les commandants et intendants de la ma rine, en 1 788 et 1789 Traitement du premier capitaine des troupes nationales à Gayenne, en 1788 et trois premiers mois de 1789 Fournitures de fers, ancres et clous pendant les années 1787, 1788 et 1789, et à Brest, pendant le mois de décembre 1789 Indemnité d'un noir mort dans les travaux du génie, en 1782 Gratification à titre d'indemnité de supplément de traitement pro posée en rejet (12 parties prenantes) 973,866 5» CRÉANCES SUR LE CI-DEVANT CLERGÉ. Dettes constituées | Rentes perpétuelles ( cy.a otc <n Rentes viagères ( ^'«'«î»» i" Créances exigibles. (113 parties prenantes.) ) 1° JURANDES ET MAITRISES. Indemnités et remboursements à différents maîtres, des 53 villes du royaume, ci-après.. Nancy, Rouen, Lyon, Versailles, Orléans, Aix, Provins, Lunéville, Saint-Mihiel, Fontenay, Nommeny, Sainte-Menehould, Blamont, Lan fres, Tours, Paris, Saint-Dizier, Vitry, Etampes, Beauvais, Saumur, erdun, Issoudun, Bar-sur-Aube, Saint-Lô, LeMans, Reims, Blois, Nantes, Riom, Noyon, Vitry, Neufchâteau, La Blèche, Gompiègne, Saint-Nicolas, Soissons, Ghartres, Ghinon, Angers, Moulins, Joinville, Thionville, Ghâ lons, Pontoise, Falaise, Abbeville, Glermont, Amiens, ChâteauGonthier, Metz, Beauté, Bourges Liquidations de dettes de communautés d'arts et métiers (200 parties prenantes) -. 461,873 0 1 7* DOMAINES ET FÉODALITÉ. Remboursement d'un domaine engagé et remis à la nation, en vertu d'un décret du 19 juillet 1791 (1 partie prenante) 821 , 750 Total général (1 , 015 parties prenantes) 5, 915 , 520 1. Ils. 1 d. À la charge, par les parties y nommées, de se conformer aux lois de l'Etat pour obtenir leurs reconnaissances de liquidation définitive et leur remboursement à la caisse de l'extraordinaire. [Assemblée nationale législative.] ARCHIVES PARLEMENTAIRES. (U février 1792.) DEUXIÈME PROJET. L'Assemblée nationale, après avoir entendu le rapport de son comité de liquidation, qui lui a rendu compte des opérations du commissaire du roi, directeur général de la liquidation dont l'état suit : Résultat des rapports de liquidation d'offices, re mis au comité de liquidation par le commis saire du roi, directeur général de la liquida tion, le 20 janvier 1792. État alphabétique des villes. Aurillac 3,636 1. 44 s Aspect 1,676 Autun 140,119 Angers 1,431 Antignac... 2,222 Alençon 265,131 Auch 2,824 Aisey-le-Duc 2,650 Arques 124,798 Amboise 20,903 Andrezy et Gonflans Sainte-Honorine 16,485 Amiens 77,305 Belfort 32,000 Brezolles 11,410 Bavay 24,646 Billy et Saint-Gérand le-Puy 12,267 Bouchain 1,672 Brignoiles S4,700 Beaufort 6,019 Bar-sur-Aube 2,2d3 Bordeaux 308,092 Boiscommun 32,921 Beaugency 47,225 Brissac 27,963 Boulogne-su r-Mer 5,766 Bergerac 66,113 Besançon 456,405 Baume-les-Dames 104,026 Bonneval 7,745 Bayeux 8,864 Belley 7,244 Boujonville 28,178 Gastelnaudary 4,678 Châteaudun 106,174 Gastellane 19,745 Châlons-sur-Marne. ... 7,156 Château-Thierry 26,580 Châtillon-sur-Seine. . . 159,838 Coutances 12,336 Crépy ' 19,016 Civray 5,298 Golmar 123,734 Caen 66,165 Glermont-Ferrand 302,759 Chaumont-en-Bassigny. 9,761 Gaudebec 160,107 Garhaix 9,072 Chisex 7,880 Château-Gonthier 9 ,986 Ghâblis 3,905 Carrouge 30,000 Gorapiègne 42,728 Couche 84,374 11 1, 13 10 17 1) 12 » 2 6 6 1) 0 4 14 8 19 6 9 8 10 8 » » 10 4 12 n 2 4 10 » 3 7 5 4 8 8 8 » .3 7 15 7 14 10 18 4 14 » 15 11 16 4 10 » 2 8 D » 17 4 9 4 5 » 8 8 16 8 15 2 13 )) 9 8 16 6 19 M 5 4 12 » 14 ') n ■> 8 6 11 7 Cambrai 9,8321. Carcassonne 89,257 Gusset 1,000 Clermont en-Beauvoi sis 19,747 Dieppe (portée à l'arti cle A, voyez Arques) Dieuze 115,385 Dreux 8,933 Dijon 10,800 Embrun 31,942 Evreux 2,373 Fenestrange 10,485 Francescas 3,291 Gisors 32,894 Grenoble 135,927 Gien 6,404 Guérande 5,452 Gannat 1,898 Ham 2,847 La Flèche 19,291 Les Lannes 6,402 Limoges 2,879 Lomagne 66,477 Laon 4,363 Levignan 5,672 Longwy 8,781 Lunéville 67,333 Langres 5,241 Le Mans 7,247 Langeais 710 Limoux 9,337 Lyon 57,971 LaFère 98,977 La Rochelle 310,467 LeQuesnoy 12,190 Montauban 111,749 Montargis 23,401 Marseille 80,257 Metz 319,465 Mamers 8,169 Marcignv et Semur — 5,949 Montmorillon 61 ,840 Màcon 65,926 Montluçon 27,646 Montivilliers 14,447 Moussi-L'Evêque 25,843 Mauriac 21,855 Mortain 87,010 Moulins 246,015 Meaux 10,835 Mirecourt 1,668 Neufchâteau 128,018 Nancy 10,413 Nogent-s.-Seine 49,331 Niort 4,483 Neufchâtel 31,305 Nanteuil-le-Haudouin. 5,818 Noyon .. 32,583 Nogent-le-Rotrou 4,136 Ornans 37,037 Paris 8,213,133 Poissy 5,525 PaUuet 1,729 Perpignan 7,585 Pont-Audemer 3,585 Pontarlier 40,662 Pennes 12,387 Pontoise 48,598 Poligny 70,337 Périgueux 194,690 Provins 25,922 Romorantin 54,347 Rouen 798,426 409 28. « d. 17 6 13 4 8 2 8 10 * » 4 s 2 » 17 4 13 4 7 8 15 8 2 n n 0 6 4 » > 16 6 4 4 5 6 1 2 3 u 3 10 4 * 14 8 19 5 10 6 11 10 4 4 5 8 3 4 5 6 12 6 3 9 10 )i » > » » U 6 12 » 14 1 2 10 16 9 12 £ 5 10 11 4 18 ■ I) » • 10 14 n 2 » 5 6 18 8 7 » 3 8 10 » 4 2 19 4 6 10 2 3 18 » 16 4 19 » 10 » 5 4 15 2 14 1 4 8 4 6 12 )i 2 4 12 7 410 [Assemblée nationale législative.] ARCHIVES PARLEMENTAIRES. [11 féTiier 1792.] Rusebourg Reims Rochefort Ruffes ou Civray (voyex Civray) Roye Rieux Riom Saint-Mihiel Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Saint-Pierre-le Moutier, Semur (voyez Marcigny) Sens Sisteron Seignelay Selles Saulx-le-Duc Saintes Sarlat Saint-Gaultier Seraur-en-Auxois Saulieu Soissons Sarguemines Tours Troyes Tarbes Tulle Toulouse Turenne Trun Villeneuve-le-Roi Vie Vire Valogne Verneuil Villeneuve-de-Béry Yenville 142,7721. 9,021 56,931 35,414 10,678 66,925 13,844 61,204 72,788 177,833 39,612 14,406 31,749 16,404 30,019 88,657 3,345 77,379 3,740 4,532 10,168 44,628 186,922 156,184 820 116,898 ' 2,290 19,011 794 41,420 29,910 52.239 10,654 10,654 4,573 1,500 9 s. nd. 1 4 13 4 5 » 6 9 10 11 16 14 17 4 6 8 1 8 7 3 3 10 1 10 13 11 16 10 16 18 5 15 >. 16 6 4 8 4 )> 19 » 11 3 9 10 16 .. 8 11 8 11 10 Le total du présent état montant à la somme de 17,159,304 1. 18 s. sauf les distractions à faire, ci 17,159,304 1. 18 s. » d. Résultat des dettes des compagnies liquidées. Les dettes passives ^ont de 2,745,7361. 14 s. 1 d. Les dettes actives 1 ,482,264 1 5 2 Différence à la charge de la nation 1,263,471 L 18 11 d. Décrète que, conformément audit résultat, il sera payé par la caisse de l'extraordinaire, la somme de 17,159,304 1. 18 s. sauf les distrac tions à faire. A l'effet de quoi, les reconnaissances de liqui dations seront expédiées aux officiers liquidés, en satisfaisant par eux aux formalités prescrites par les précédents décrets. Décrète, en outre, que les huissiers au ci-de vant Parlement de Paris demeureront déchargés des dettes contractées par leur communauté avant l'époque de leur évaluation faite en 1775. Que le sieur Dupont, procureur au ci-devant parlement de Rouen, sera liquidé du prix de son office sur le prix de son contrat d acquisition de 1776, en y joignant les 5,600 livres portées dans l'acte de 1777 ; Que le sieur Rochereau recevra les intérêts du montant de la liquidation, à compter du premier juillet 1790 et sur sa demande en payement d'une somme de 15,000 livres portée en une obligation, l'Assemblée décrète qu'il n'y a pas lieu à déli bérer. Sur la demande formée par le sieur Gilbrun, procureur au ci-devant bailliage de Metz, ten dant à ce qu'il lui soit tenu compte d'une somme de 3,000 livres, portée par acte particulier, en semble sur la demande des procureurs, tant du ci-devant, bailliage que du ci-devant parlement de Metz, qu'il leur soit fait état des deux cin quièmes sur les capitaux empruntés de diffé rentes maisons religieuses, dont ils ne payaient la rente qu'à 3 0/0, avec les retenues d'imposi tions, l'Assemblée ajourne la décision de ces questions. L'Assemblée ajourne également la liq_uidation des offices du procureur du ci-devant oailliage de Montargis ; en conséquence, décrète que dis traction sera faite du présent décret, de la somme de 20,313 livres à laquelle elle se trou vait monter. L'Assemblée nationale retire de son projet de décret la liquidation des 27 offices de notaires de Paris, montant à 4,718,132 L 6 s. 6 d., en ajourne la discussion en la renvoyant à son co mité de liquidation qui demeure chargé de lui faire un rapport sur le titre V du décret du 29 septembre dernier, relatif à la liquidation des omces des notaires de Paris et lui présenter un projet de décret particulier, qui comprenne la liquidation de 113 offices de notaires à Paris. TROISIEME PROJET. L'Assemblée nationale, après avoir entendu le rapport de son comité de liquidation, qui lui a rendu compte des opérations du commissaire du roi, directeur général de la liquidation, dont l'état suit : Résultat des rapports de liquidation des offices de perruquiers, barbiers, baigneurs, étuvistes des villes dont l'état suit : Rouen 288,356 Châteaudun 5,104 Remiremont 1 ,070 Bernay 3,672 Limoux 3,549 Issoudun 5,000 Vesoul 7,849 Le Mans 32,490 Montargis 5,203 Thorigny 1,257 Valence.. 11,301 Villeneuve-le-Roi... 1,100 Boulogne-sur-Mer. . . 12,059 Pont-à-Mousson 4 , 1 23 Agen 16,158 Baveux..: 9,399 Rhetel.. 5.813 Couloummiers " 600 Ghâteau-Porcien — 440 Maubeuge 12,306 Nantes 62,543 Orléans 129,191 Parthenay 1,200 1. .. s. 8 d. 10 » 13 3 13 4 „ » 10 » 18 » n » 13 4 6 » » » 13 ), 3 4 13 4 6 8 10 )i » » n !> 7 6 6 8 3 3 [Assemblée nationale législatire.] ARCHIVES PARLEMENTAIRES. [11 février 1192.] 414 Beaufort Bar-sur-Seine Gray Châlons-sur-Marne. Versailles Bourgen-Bresse... Beauvais ,. Paris Total général. 1,0801. 650 7,513 14,088 196,605 14,025 23,675 193,311 13 6 2 6 6 5 1 1,369,740 1. 1 s. 4 d. « Décrète que, conformément audit résultat, il sera payé par la caisse de l'extraordinaire, la somme de 1,369,740 1. 1 s. 4 d., à l'effet de quoi, les reconnaissances de liquidations seront expédiées aux officiers liquidés, en satisfaisant par eux aux formalités prescrites par les précé dents décrets. « L'Assemblée nationale, considérant que les lois rendues en fait de liquidation, contiennent des états très longs ; que l'impression en pla cards, de l'entier contenu de ces lois, est par conséquent très coûteuse, qu'elle est d'ailleurs inutile, et qu'elle ne produit d'autre effet que celui de retarder la promulgation des lois dont il s'agit; considérant, d'un autre côté, qu'il con vient de faire cesser au plus tôt un inconvénient de cette espèce, décrète qu'il y a urgence. « L'Assemblée nationale, après avoir décrété l'urgence, décrète que le ministre de la justice et les corps administratifs ne feront plus im primer en placards, que par forme de résultat, les lois rendues en fait de liauidation, soit des dettes, soit des pensions sur 1 Etat, dérogeant à toute loi précédente qui pourrait être contraire au présent décret. » Un de MM. les secrétaires donne lecture des lettres suivantes : 1° Lettre du sieur Blaton, ci-devant lieutenant du roi à Bouchain, qui transmet à l'Assemblée un mémoire, (L'Assemblée renvoie ce mémoire au comité militaire.) 2° Lettre de M. Cahier de Gerville, ministre de Vintérieur, à laquelle est jointe copie d'un pro cès-verbal dressé par le lieutenant-colonel de la gendarmerie nationale, dans le département de l'Ardèche, et d'où il résulte qu'un sieur Allier, curé de Chambonas, a prêché dans sa paroisse la déso béissance aux lois; cette lettre est ainsi conçue : « Monsieur le Président, < J'ai l'honneur de transmettre à l'Assemblée nationale copie d'un procès-verbal dressé par un lieutenant-colonel de la gendarmerie nationale dans le département de l'Ardèche ; une analyse d'un sermon fait par un sieur Allier, curé de Chambonas, et d'une, lettre écrite par le lieute nant-colonel de la gendarmerie au directoire de ce département, en lui envoyant les pièces. Les faits qui y sont détaillés ont rapport à ceux que j'ai annoncés dans diverses pièces que j'ai déjà fait parvenir à l'Assemblée, et qu'elle a ren voyées à son comité de surveillance. « Je suis avec respect, etc. « Signé : Cahier. » Plusieurs membres : Le renvoi au comité de surveillance i (L'Assemblée renvoie les pièces au comité de surveillance.) 3" Lettre de M. de Narbonne, ministre de la guerre, à laquelle est joint un mémoire présente' par le général Wittgenstein et ayant pour objet la liqui dation d'une créance de 1(T0,0(X) livres ; cette lettre est ainsi conçue : « Monsieur le Président, « Le général Wittgenstein, commandant la deuxième division, m avait demandé un congé pour venir solliciter lui-même auprès de l'As semblée nationale une liquidation qui intéresse sa subsistance, puisqu'elle doit subvenir aux frais de son équipement de campagne, et qu'elle est le gage des dettes qu'il a contractées au ser vice de France, Je lui ai exposé que la chose publique exigeait sa présence à son commande ment, et il n'a point hésité de sacrifier à ce grand mobile ses intérêts privés. 11 s'empresse en ce moment de soumettre sa réclamation à l'Assemblée nationale. J'ai, en conséquence, l'honneur de joindre ici. Monsieur le Président, le mémoire qu'il m'a adressé à cet effet. Il en abandonne avec confiance le succès à la justice et à la sagesse des représentants de la nation. Je dois observer que le général Wittgenstein, né dans les contrées souveraines de l'Empire, a pré féré de rester attaché à la patrie qu'il avait adoptée, et qu'il préfère les principes sacrés de l'égalité aux chimères de l'orgueil. Que, chargé depuis six mois d'un commandement important, il n'a cessé de donner des preuves du patrio tisme le plus pur, du zèle îe plus actif et des talents les plus distingués pour le service. « Je suis avec respect, etc. « Signé : DE NaRBONNE. » (L'Assemblée renvoie la lettre du ministre de la guerre et le mémoire au comité de liquida tion.) 4° Lettre de M. Bertrand, ministre de la marine, qui annonce à l'Assemblée les divers accidents qui ont retardé l'arrivée d'une partie des troupes envoyées à Saint-Domingue; cette lettre est ainsi conçue : « Monsieur le Président, « Je crois devoir ne pas différer à rendre compte à l'Assemblée nationale des accidents qui retardent l'arrivée d'une partie des troupes envoyées à Saint-Domingue. Les mauvais temps qu'on a éprouvés vers la fin du mois dernier, ont forcé plusieurs des bâtiments qui transpor taient les troupes, à rentrer dans les ports du royaume, et quelques-uns avec des échecs con sidérables. Je viens d'être informé que le vais seau le Duguay-Trouin, parti le 11 janvier, avec le vaisseau le Jupiter et l'aviso le Goéland, qui avaient à bord une grande partie du 3» batail lon du 41« régiment d'infanterie, a relâché dans la rade de Brest, le 5 de ce mois. Ce vaisseau a perdu ses mâts de hune, a beaucoup souffert dans ses agrès, et on a même lieu de craindre que son grand mât soit endommagé. On n'a pu se dispenser de le faire rentrer dans le port pour le reposer, et on m'a fait espérer que dans 10 ou 12 jours il sera en état de remettre à la voile. •t Plusieurs autres bâtiments ont éprouvé de pareils échecs, et ont été forcés de rentrer dans le port de Rochefort et de celui de Dunkerque, en très mauvais état. On travaille avec la plus grande activité à les réparer. Je vais donner les ordres 412 [Assemblée nationale législative.] ARCHIVES PARLEMENTAIRES. [11 février 1792.] nécessaires pour qu'ils soient en état de repartir à la première occasion favorable. « Je suis avec respect, etc. « Signé : BERTRAND. » (L'Assemblée renvoie cette lettre au comité de marine.) 5° Lettre de M. Bertrand, ministre de la marine, qui fait part à l'Assemblée des réclamations de deux artistes, MM. Berthou, oncle et neveu, atta chés depuis longtemps au service de la marine, où ils ont été extrêmement utiles. Ils disent avoir perfectionné les horloges à longitude et les montres marines. Une pension dont ils jouis saient sur le Trésor public a été comprise dans les suppressions ordonnées par l'Assemblée con stituante; ils en demandent le rétablissement. (L'Assemblée renvoie cette lettre au comité de marine.) M. de ^arhonne, ministre de la guerre, remet à M. le Président une lettre du roi, contresignée par le ministre de la guerre, et relative au ser vice actuel et à la solde du ci-devant régiment des gardes suisses. M. Diicos, secrétaire, donne lecture de cette lettre qui est ainsi conçue : « Je vous prie, Monsieur le Président, de faire part à l'Assemblée nationale de la position où se trouve en ce moment le ci-devant régiment des gardes suisses. Cette position fait naître des difficultés qui ne tiennent peut-être qu'à mon désir scrupuleux de donner toujours l'exemple de mon respect pour la Constitution : l'Assem blée approuvera ce motif, et fera disparaître tous les doutes. « Je suis au moment d'organiser complètement ma garde; la loi constitutionnelle porte qu'elle ne pourra excéder le nombre de 1,200 hommes à pied et de 600 hommes à cheval, payés sur les fonds de la liste civile; et par la loi du 13 no vembre 1791, l'Assemblée constituante considé rant que le régiment des gardes suisses avait bien mérité de la nation par sa conduite, a dé crété qu'il sera entretenu sur l'ancien pied, jus qu'à ce qu'il ait été statué autrement sur son sort et sur le mode de son service. « Cette dernière loi décrétant le service pro visoire du régiment, ne prononce pas si ce régi ment, entretenu sur l'ancien pied, le sera en to talité sur les fonds du département de la guerre. La liste civile a payé, jusqu'à ce moment, sa solde, et l'Assemblée nationale sentira que, si elle ne prenait pas cet objet en considération, je pourrais être conduit à une infraction involon taire à ce qui doit être notre règle commune, puisque j'entretiendrais réellement à ma solde plus de 1,800 hommes. « Cette difficulté, qu'on pourrait mettre à pro fit pour de nouvelles méfiances, peut être faci lement levée, si l'Assemblée développe, d'une manière positive, la loi du 13 novembre 1791. 11 me semble qu'alors les amis les plus inquiets de la liberté ne pourraient pas même apercevoir l'apparence de la moindre contradiction aux principes constitutionnels. Les plus hautes considérations politiques ont dicté la loi du 13 novembre 1791, qui, en con firmant le droit qu'un traité avait assuré aux Suisses, d'avoir un régiment employé à ma garde, donne une nouvelle preuve de notre fidélité à remplir nos engagements, et peut contribuer au renouvellement d une alliance aussi utile qu'an cienne, que les approches d'une guerre ren draient encore plus précieuse. 11 serait impru dent de compromettre un si grand intérêt pour hâter de quelques mois la cessation de l'ordre existant, et la raison politique, comme la reli gion des traitéSj ordonne d'attendre le moment de la capitulation pour en subordonner toutes les conditions à notre nouveau régime constitu tionnel. J'invite donc, d'après l'article 1" du titre 111 de la Constitution, 1 Assemblée nationale à prononcer que la solde du ci-devant régiment des gardes suisses sera payée, à compter du l^^'janvier 1792, par le département de la guerre, sur l'ancien pied, jusqu'au renouvellement des capitulations. « Signé : LoUIS. « Et plus bas : DE Narbonne. » Plusieurs membres : Le renvoi au comité mili taire ! M. HérauU-de-SéclielIes. 11 y a déjà plu sieurs jours que l'examen de nos capitulations avec les Suisses a été ajourné et renvoyé au comité diplomatique. Je demande que ce comité fasse incessamment son rapport. (L'Assemblée renvoie la lettre du roi au comité diplomatique.) M. de Marbonne, ministre de la guerre. Mes sieurs, on doit espérer qu'au renouvellement de la capitulation avec les cantons, on obtiendra les changements désirés par la Constitution, dans V organisation des gardes suisses; et c'est d'ailleurs à l'Assemblée qu'appartient, par la Constitution, la ratification définitive des traités. Porter, en ce moment, atteinte aux privilèges des Suisses, c'est peut-être renoncer a leur al liance. Je n'ai pas besoin de répéter à l'Assem blée de quel prix cette alliance est pour la na tion française. Il s'agit de 12,000 hommes de troupes enviés par toute l'Europe, et dont la perte serait double pour nous, puisque nos en nemis se hâteraient de s'en saisir pour nous les opposer. Plusieurs négociations se préparent dans cet espoir. Une frontière étendue que nous serions obligés de fortifier ou de défendre ; enfin, toutes les considérations politiques se réunissent pour que l'Assemblée doive regarder peut-être comme traître à la patrie quiconque travaillerait à la priver d'un appui si nécessaire au milieu des dangers qui nous menacent, et dont les vraisemblances s'accroissent tous les jours. Le roi a été très occupé d'allier les ménage ments que le droit public commande envers les droits des Suisses, et l'article de la Constitution qui lui prescrit de n'entretenir que 1,800 hommes de garde. Sa Majesté vous a proposé, dans sa lettre, les moyens d'accorder les difficultés. Les inquié tudes du roi sur tout ce qui pourrait porter at teinte à l'alliance des Suisses, sont la plus irré cusable preuve de la pureté de ses intentions. C'est dans sa sollicitude pour le bien général, dans la peine que lui causent les malheurs et les désordres, dans l'intérêt qu'il met à se servir de tous les moyens que la loi lui donne pour les prévenir, que l'on peut trouver avec reconnais sance le garant de sa sincérité.
| 34,609 |
https://github.com/yihanzhen/proto-breaking-change-detector/blob/master/test/findings/test_finding_container.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,020 |
proto-breaking-change-detector
|
yihanzhen
|
Python
|
Code
| 249 | 872 |
# Copyright 2020 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import unittest
from src.findings.finding_container import FindingContainer
from src.findings.finding_category import FindingCategory, ChangeType
class FindingContainerTest(unittest.TestCase):
# The unit tests are executed in alphabetical order by test name
# automatically, so test_reset() will be run in the middle which will break us.
# This is a monolithic test, so we give numbers to indicate
# the steps and also ensure the execution orders.
finding_container = FindingContainer()
def test1_add_findings(self):
self.finding_container.add_finding(
category=FindingCategory.METHOD_REMOVAL,
proto_file_name="my_proto.proto",
source_code_line=12,
change_type=ChangeType.MAJOR,
subject="subject",
context="context",
)
self.assertEqual(len(self.finding_container.get_all_findings()), 1)
def test2_get_actionable_findings(self):
self.finding_container.add_finding(
category=FindingCategory.FIELD_ADDITION,
proto_file_name="my_proto.proto",
source_code_line=15,
change_type=ChangeType.MINOR,
)
self.assertEqual(len(self.finding_container.get_actionable_findings()), 1)
def test3_to_dict_arr(self):
dict_arr_output = self.finding_container.to_dict_arr()
self.assertEqual(dict_arr_output[0]["category"], "METHOD_REMOVAL")
self.assertEqual(dict_arr_output[1]["category"], "FIELD_ADDITION")
def test4_to_human_readable_message(self):
self.finding_container.add_finding(
category=FindingCategory.RESOURCE_DEFINITION_REMOVAL,
proto_file_name="my_proto.proto",
source_code_line=5,
change_type=ChangeType.MAJOR,
subject="subject",
)
self.finding_container.add_finding(
category=FindingCategory.METHOD_SIGNATURE_REMOVAL,
proto_file_name="my_other_proto.proto",
source_code_line=-1,
change_type=ChangeType.MAJOR,
type="type",
subject="subject",
context="context",
)
self.assertEqual(
self.finding_container.to_human_readable_message(),
"my_other_proto.proto: An existing method_signature `type` is removed from method `subject` in service `context`.\n"
+ "my_proto.proto L5: An existing resource_definition `subject` is removed.\n"
+ "my_proto.proto L12: An existing method `subject` is removed from service `context`.\n",
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
| 21,782 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8865940
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Category:Unincorporated communities in Yolo County, California
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 60 | 249 |
Category:Unincorporated communities in Yolo County, California
Wikimedia category
Category:Unincorporated communities in Yolo County, California instance of Wikimedia category
رده:سکونتگاههای ثبتنشده در شهرستان یولو، کالیفرنیا
ردهٔ ویکیمدیا
رده:سکونتگاههای ثبتنشده در شهرستان یولو، کالیفرنیا نمونهای از ردهٔ ویکیمدیا
Category:優洛縣非建制地區 (加利福尼亞州)
维基媒体项目分类
Category:優洛縣非建制地區 (加利福尼亞州) 隶属于 維基媒體分類
Kategori:Yolo County'deki belediyeye ait olmayan alanlar
Vikimedya kategorisi
Kategori:Yolo County'deki belediyeye ait olmayan alanlar nedir Wikimedia kategorisi
| 41,488 |
https://github.com/AbhishekSalian/DCGAN-using-Pytorch/blob/master/generator.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
DCGAN-using-Pytorch
|
AbhishekSalian
|
Python
|
Code
| 56 | 335 |
import torch
from torch import nn
class Generator(nn.Module):
def __init__(self,
noise_dim=10,
img_channels=1,
hidden_dim=64):
super(Generator, self).__init__()
self.noise_dim = noise_dim
self.gen = nn.Sequential(
nn.ConvTranspose2d(noise_dim, hidden_dim*4,
kernel_size=3, stride=2),
nn.BatchNorm2d(hidden_dim*4),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.ConvTranspose2d(hidden_dim*4, hidden_dim*2,
kernel_size=4, stride=1),
nn.BatchNorm2d(hidden_dim*2),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.ConvTranspose2d(hidden_dim*2, hidden_dim,
kernel_size=3, stride=2),
nn.BatchNorm2d(hidden_dim),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.ConvTranspose2d(hidden_dim, img_channels, kernel_size=4, stride=2),
nn.Tanh()
)
def forward(self, noise):
x = noise.view(len(noise), self.noise_dim, 1, 1)
return self.gen(x)
| 26,306 |
2642263_1
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,013 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 335 | 726 |
UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 13-7193
EDWARD LEBRON BRAGG,
Petitioner – Appellant,
v.
HAROLD W. CLARKE, Director, Virginia Department of
Corrections,
Respondent - Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Virginia, at Norfolk. Raymond A. Jackson, District
Judge. (2:12-cv-00161-RAJ-LRL)
Submitted: November 1, 2013 Decided: November 14, 2013
Before MOTZ, DAVIS, and DIAZ, Circuit Judges.
Dismissed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Edward Lebron Bragg, Appellant Pro Se. John Michael Parsons,
Assistant Attorney General, Richmond, Virginia, for Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
PER CURIAM:
Edward Lebron Bragg seeks to appeal the district
court’s order accepting the recommendation of the magistrate
judge and denying relief on his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (2006)
petition. The order is not appealable unless a circuit justice
or judge issues a certificate of appealability. 28 U.S.C.
§ 2253(c)(1)(A) (2006). A certificate of appealability will not
issue absent “a substantial showing of the denial of a
constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2) (2006). When the
district court denies relief on the merits, a prisoner satisfies
this standard by demonstrating that reasonable jurists would
find that the district court’s assessment of the constitutional
claims is debatable or wrong. Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473,
484 (2000); see Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 336-38
(2003). When the district court denies relief on procedural
grounds, the prisoner must demonstrate both that the dispositive
procedural ruling is debatable, and that the petition states a
debatable claim of the denial of a constitutional right. Slack,
529 U.S. at 484-85.
We have independently reviewed the record and conclude
that Bragg has not made the requisite showing. Accordingly, we
deny a certificate of appealability, deny leave to proceed in
forma pauperis, deny Bragg’s motion for appointment of counsel
and dismiss the appeal. We dispense with oral argument because
2
the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the
materials before this court and argument would not aid the
decisional process.
DISMISSED
3.
| 3,135 |
Subsets and Splits
Token Count by Language
Reveals the distribution of total tokens by language, highlighting which languages are most prevalent in the dataset.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Provides a detailed breakdown of document counts and total word/token counts for English documents in different collections and open types, revealing insights into data distribution and quantity.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Provides a count of items in each collection that are licensed under 'CC-By-SA', giving insight into the distribution of this license across different collections.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Counts the number of items in each collection that have a 'CC-By' license, providing insight into license distribution across collections.
Bulgarian Texts from Train Set
Retrieves all entries in the training set that are in Bulgarian, providing a basic filter on language.
License Count in Train Set
Counts the number of entries for each license type and orders them, providing a basic overview of license distribution.
Top 100 Licenses Count
Displays the top 100 licenses by their occurrence count, providing basic insights into which licenses are most common in the dataset.
Language Frequency in Dataset
Provides a simple count of each language present in the dataset, which is useful for basic understanding but limited in depth of insight.
French Spoken Samples
Limited to showing 100 samples of the dataset where the language is French and it's spoken, providing basic filtering without deeper insights.
GitHub Open Source Texts
Retrieves specific text samples labeled with their language from the 'Github Open Source' collection.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query performs basic filtering to retrieve specific records from the dataset, which could be useful for preliminary data exploration but does not provide deep insights.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query retrieves all English entries from specific collections, which provides basic filtering but minimal analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves all English language documents from specific data collections, useful for focusing on relevant subset but doesn't provide deeper insights or analysis.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves a specific subset of documents from the dataset, but does not provide any meaningful analysis or insights.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves a sample of 10,000 English documents from the USPTO with an open government type, providing a basic look at the dataset's content without deep analysis.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query performs basic filtering to retrieve entries related to English language, USPTO collection, and open government documents, offering limited analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves metadata of entries specifically from the USPTO collection in English, offering basic filtering.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query filters for English entries from specific collections, providing a basic subset of the dataset without deep analysis or insight.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query performs basic filtering, returning all rows from the 'StackExchange' collection where the language is 'English', providing limited analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query filters data for English entries from specific collections with an 'Open Web' type but mainly retrieves raw data without providing deep insights.
Filtered English Wikipedia Articles
Filters and retrieves specific English language Wikipedia entries of a certain length, providing a limited subset for basic exploration.
Filtered English Open Web Texts
Retrieves a subset of English texts with a specific length range from the 'Open Web', which provides basic filtering but limited insight.
Filtered English Open Culture Texts
Retrieves a sample of English texts from the 'Open Culture' category within a specific length range, providing a basic subset of data for further exploration.
Random English Texts <6500 Ch
Retrieves a random sample of 2000 English text entries that are shorter than 6500 characters, useful for quick data exploration but not revealing specific trends.
List of Languages
Lists all unique languages present in the dataset, which provides basic information about language variety but limited analytical insight.