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http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000051863540 http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/newspapers/issue/3000051863540 http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/annoshow?call=wrz|18670628|1|10.0|0 http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/newspapers/issue/fullscreen/3000051863540_3
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Europeana
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Open Culture
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Wiener Zeitung
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German
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Am Schliessnac 8:45 Uhr, fähr der Eilzug von Pöchlarn nach Niederösterreich. Er verkehrt mit Wagen 1. Klasse und nimmt an Sonn- und Feiertagen in Baden keine Reisenden auf; auch haben für denselben die für Localzüge bewilligten Preisbegünstigungen keine Geltung. An Sonn- und Feiertagen verkehren von Böhlau nach Wiener Neustadt auch noch folgende Züge: um 7 Uhr 55 Minuten, 3 Uhr 30 Minuten Früh, 9 Uhr 30 Minuten, 10 Uhr 15 Minuten Vormittags, 3 Uhr 15 Minuten, 5 Uhr Nachmittags, 6 Uhr, 7 Uhr, 3 Uhr, 3 Uhr 45 Minuten, 8 Uhr 30 Minuten, und nach Bedarf auch noch Erfordernis-Züge. Wien - Laxenburg Am Schliessnach 8:55 Uhr, fährt der Eilzug von Pöchlarn nach Niederösterreich. Er verkehrt mit Wagen 1. Klasse und nimmt an Sonn- und Feiertagen in Baden keine Reisenden auf; auch haben für denselben die für Localzüge bewilligten Preisbegünstigungen keine Geltung. Am Schliessnach 6:15 Uhr, 6:37 Uhr, 6:44 Uhr, 6:54 Uhr, 7:01 Uhr, 7:07 Uhr, 7:14 Uhr, fahren die Züge von Wien nach Salzburg. Freitag, 28. Juni. Früh Vorm. Nachm. Abend- 9.— 11.30 2.— 3.— 5.30 7.30 Meldung.... 7.50 8.— 3.45 9.45 12.15 2.45 8.40 6.15 8.10 Laxenburg 5 9.52 12.22 2.52 3 47 6.22 7.17 An Sonn- und Feiertagen verkehren von Mödling nach Laxenburg auch noch folgende Züge: um 6 Uhr 40 M. Früh, 1 U. 55 M., 5 U. 15 M. Nachmittags, 7 U. 15 M Abends. Laxenburg — Wien Früh Vorm. Nachm. Abends Mödling Wien 7.45 3.25 9.25 11. 5 1.35 3. 5 4.35 6.50 8.35 7.83 8.33 9.33 11.13 1.43 3.13 4.43 6.53 7.42 3.20 9.20 10. 3 11.56 2.24 3.52 5.56 7.48 9.17 An Sonn- und Feiertagen verkehren von Laxenburg nach 4.45 M. Nachmittags, 7 U 45 M auch noch folgende Züge: um 7 U. 15 M. Früh, 2 U. 28 M., 5 U. 16 Tagesbericht. Die wichtigsten der tatsächlichen Angaben, welche in den heute hier eingetroffenen Blättern vorliegen, sind bereits im telegraphischen Wege bekannt geworden, und es erübrigte uns nur noch eine spärliche Nachlese. Die neueste „Prov. Corr." meldet: „Die Übereinkunft wegen der Fortdauer des Zollvereins, welche am 4. Juni zwischen Preußen und den süddeutschen Staaten abgeschlossen worden ist, hat die Bestätigung sämtlicher beteiligten Regierungen erhalten; die Bestätigungsurkunden sind mit Bayern, Württemberg und Baden bereits ausgewechselt, der Austausch mit Hessen wird unverzüglich erledigt. Im § 8 der Übereinkunft ist bestimmt: „Preußen wird den Beitritt der übrigen Mitglieder des norddeutschen Bundes zu dieser Übereinkunft vermitteln. Sobald derselbe erfolgt sein wird, sollen Bevollmächtigte der beteiligten Staaten zusammentreten, um den auf Grundlage dieser Übereinkunft abzuschließenden Vertrag festzustellen." Die von Preußen zu diesem Zwecke berufene Konferenz ist am 26. in Berlin eröffnet. Die Publikation der Bundesverfassung ist nun auch in Weimar, Anhalt, Sachsen-Meiningen, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen und Bremen erfolgt. Der Ministerpräsident Graf Bismarck wird einer ebenfalls bereits telegraphirten Mitteilung der „Prov. Corr." zufolge fortan auch die Stelle des Bundeskanzlers bekleiden, welchem nach Artikel 15 der Verfassung des Norddeutschen Bundes der Vorsitz im Bundesrathe und die Leitung der Geschäfte zufällt. Da nun der Bundesrat bereits Anfang August beurteilt werden soll, um seine wichtigen Aufgaben für die Organisation des Bundes zu erfüllen und die Vorlagen für den im September zu berufenden Reichstag vorzubereiten, so wird Graf Bismarck schon Ende Juli in seine amtliche Tätigkeit zurückkehren. Nach einer Mitteilung der „Ztg. f. Nord-Deutschland" aus Nord-Schleswig soll die Frage, wie viel des dortigen Gebiets an Dänemark zurückzugeben sei, der Entscheidung nahe, eine förmliche Abstimmung aber nicht wahrscheinlich sein. Ohne solche würde Dänemark das Land nördlich einer Linie erhalten, die das Meer im Westen nordwärts von Hoyer-Tondern, im Osten aber südwärts von Apenrade erreicht, falls es sich bequemen, für die jenseits dieser Linie wohnen, den Deutschen Erhaltung ihrer Nationalität und Gleichberechtigung mit den Dänen zu verbürgen. Es würde hingegen nichts als ein Stück des früher jütischen Tönninglehn bekommen, rund um Ripen herum, wenn es bei der Verweigerung solcher Bürgschaft beharrt. Eine Korrespondenz der „H. B. H." bemerkt noch Folgendes: „Im Fall bis zur Ausführung der Reichstagswahlen eine Vereinbarung mit Dänemark über abzutretende Gebietsteile nicht erfolgt sein sollte, werden selbstverständlich die Wahlen auch wieder für ganz Nord-Schleswig anzuordnen sein. In den Gemeindesitzungen können die Mitglieder Vom ungarische« Landtage. Der Entwurf über die Gleichberechtigung der Nationalitäten in Ungarn lautet nach der "P. C.": I. Kapitel. Die Rechte der Nationalitäten auf dem Gebiete der Gemeinde und kirchlichen Administration. I H 1. Jeder Bürger des Landes kann sich in seinen Eingaben an die Behörde seiner eigenen Gemeinde seiner Muttersprache, in seinen Eingaben an die Behörde anderer Gemeinden aber nur der dort gebräuchlichen Sprache oder einer verortet gebräuchlichen Sprachen bedienen. In ihrer Muttersprache das Wort ergreifen. H 3. Die Sprache der Sitzungsprotokolle in den Gemeinden und der inneren Geschäftsgegenstände der Gemeindeverwaltung beschränkt die Gemeindesitzung mit absoluter Stimmenmehrheit. Sollte bei der ersten Abstimmung keine Sprache die absolute Stimmenmehrheit erlangen, so stimmen die Mitglieder der Versammlung neuerdings über jene zwei Sprachen ab, welche bei Gelegenheit der ersten Abstimmung die meisten Stimmen erhielten. Auf Wunsch der Minorität hat das Protokoll auch in ihrer Sprache geführt zu werden, wenn bei Gelegenheit der Abstimmung auf diese Sprache zum mindesten ein Fünftel der Gesamtstimmen entfiel. Der im beziehungsweis gefasste Beschluß kann nur nach je 3 Jahren, und nachdem dann nur in einer bei vorheriger Bestimmung der Tagung einzuberufenden beschlußfähigen Versammlung, auf den Wunsch von zwei Dritteln der erschienenen Mitglieder in ihrer Verhandlung genommen werden. Wenn der Beschluß in Verhandlung genommen wird, so wird das Mehrheitäre Frage durch absolute Stimmenmehrheit entschieden. § 4. Die Gemeindevorsteher sind verpflichtet, in ihrem persönlichen Verkehr mit den einzelnen Gemeindemitgliedern sich der Sprache des mit ihnen Verkehrenden zu bedienen. § 5. Die Kirchengemeinden können — jedoch ohne Verletzung der gesetzlichen Rechte ihrer eigenen kirchlichen Obrigkeiten — bezüglich der Leitung ihrer Matrikel, über die Unterrichtssprache ihrer eigenen Schulen und überhaupt der kirchengemeindlichen Verwaltung frei verfügen. § 6. Jede höhere und höchste kirchliche Obrigkeit kann ihre Protokolls- und Verwaltungssprache nach eigenem Belieben bestimmen. Sollte diese nicht die ungarische sein, so hat das Protokoll mit Rücksicht auf die Oberaufsicht des Staates auch in dieser Sprache geführt zu werden. Die gegenseitige Verkehrssprache im Schoße derselben Kirche bestimmt die höchste Obrigkeit derselben. Die Verkehrssprache zwischen den verschiedenen Kirchen ist die ungarische. § 7. Jede Kirche ist berechtigt, neben den im Cultus- und Unterrichtsgesetze festgestellten Modalitäten die Unterstützung des Staates für solche in ihrem Schoße bereits geduldeten oder in der Bildung begründeten Kirchengemeinden jeglicher Nationalität zu beanspruchen, welche nicht fähig sind, ihre eigenen kirchlichen und Unterrichtslasten zu tragen. II. Kapitel. Die Rechte der Nationalitäten aus dem Gebiete der jurisdizionellen Administration. § 8. Jeder Landesbürger, gleichwie jede Gemeinde, Versammlung, höhere Kirchenbehörde, Gesellschaft und Institut, kann sich in seinen Eingaben an seine eigenen Jurisdiktionen, seiner Mutter- resp. Verwaltungssprache, — in seinen Eingaben an andere Jurisdiktionen aber nur jener Sprache oder einer jener Sprachen bedienen, in welcher oder in welchen dort das Protokoll geführt wird. § 9. In den Sitzungen der Jurisdiktionen können jene, die das Recht zum Worte haben, in ihrer Muttersprache sprechen. In welcher Sprache das Protokoll geführt wird, ist, ob die welche die innere Verwaltungssprache der Jurisdiktionen und der Beamten sei, — wird bei vorheriger Bezeichnung des Gegenstandes in der zu diesem Behufe einberufenen Generalversammlung mit absoluter Stimmenmehrheit bestimmt. Das Protokoll hat außer der festgestellten Sprache auch in einer anderen und zwar in jener Sprache geführt zu werden, in welcher der eine oder andere in Minderheit gebliebene, doch zum mindesten fünfte Teil der Mitglieder der Generalversammlung daselbst geführt wünscht. § 11. Der in Angelegenheit der Sprache gefasste Beschluss kann jederzeit nur in der der jurisdizionellen Beamtenerstauration unmittelbar vorangehenden und bei vorheriger Bezeichnung des Gegenstandes einzuberufenden, beschlußfähigen Generalversammlung, und auch dann nur auf Wunsch von zwei Dritteln der erschienenen Mitglieder in neue Verhandlung kommen. Ist der Beschluss in Verhandlung genommen worden, so wird das Mehrheitsverhältnis der Frage durch absolute Stimmenmehrheit entschieden. § 12. Wird als jurisdiktionelle und Verwaltungssprache irgendeiner Jurisdiktion nicht die ungarische angenommen, so hat das Protokoll, mit Rücksicht auf die Oberaufsicht der Staatsbehörde, auch in der offiziellen Sprache des Staates geführt zu werden; bei der Verwaltung jedoch kann als Expedient auch dieselbe, nach Belieben, angewandt werden. § 13. Die jurisdizionellen Beamten sind verpflichtet, in dem Verkehr mit den in ihren Amtskreis fallenden Gemeinden, Versammlungen, Privatgesellschaften, Instituten und Privaten sich der Sprache derselben zu bedienen. § 14. Unter einander verkehren die Jurisdiktionen in ungarischer Sprache; doch können jene Jurisdiktionen, deren in der Generalversammlung festgestellte Verwaltungssprache nicht die ungarische, doch dieselbe ist, miteinander in der selben Verwaltungssprache verkehren. III. Kapitel. Die Rechte der Nationalitäten auf dem Gebiete der staatlichen Administration. § 15. Jeder Landesbürger hat das Recht sich in seinen Eingaben an die Staatsregierung seiner Muttersprache zu bedienen. § 16. Die zur Förderung der Kunst, Wissenschaft, Landwirtschaft, Industrie und des Handels durch Einzelne, Gesellschaften und Korporationen ins Leben gerufene Lehr- und sonstigen Institute, ebenso die Gesellschaften und Korporationen selbst, gleichwie die höheren und höchsten Kirchenbehörden können sich in ihrem Verkehr mit der Staatsregierung ihrer Verwaltungssprache bedienen, doch finden sie gehalten, ihren Repräsentationen auch den ungarischen Text beizulegen. Die Staatsregierung antwortet in der Sprache der Repräsentationen, doch kann sie in dringenden Fällen auch in ungarischer Sprache antworten. In Zweifelsfällen ist der ungarische Text der entscheidende. § 17. Die Zurjurisdictionen verkehren mit der Staatsregierung in ungarischer Sprache. § 18. Die Verwaltungssprache der Staatsregierung ist die ungarische. Doch ist das Ministerium verpflichtet, darauf zu achten, dass, gleich wie für alle Landeswürden und Staatsämter, so auch insbesondere für die Obergespannschaften aus dem Schoße der übrigen Nationalitäten in genügender Anzahl solche Individuen verwendet werden haben, welche die nötigen Kenntnisse zur entsprechenden Erledigung der Angelegenheiten der nichtungarischen Zurjurisdictionen, Korporationen, Institute, Vereine und Privaten besitzen. §19. In den vom Staat und beziehungsweise der Regierung bereits errichteten oder im Notfall zu errichtenden Lehranstalten gehört die Bestimmung der Unterrichtssprache zu den Agenden des Unterrichtsministeriums; da jedoch der Erfolg des öffentlichen Unterrichts vom Standpunkt der Gemeinbildung und des Gemeinwohlstandes aus auf diesem Gebiet auch das höchste Ziel des Staates ist, so ist er verpflichtet nach Möglichkeit Sorge dafür zu tragen, dass die in größeren Massen zusammenlebenden Bürger jeder Nationalität des Landes sich in der Nähe der durch sie bewohnten Gegend in ihrer Muttersprache bis dahin heranbilden können, wo die höhere akademische Bildung beginnt. § 20. In den auf jenen Territorien befindlichen Staats-Mittel- und höheren Schulen, in welchen mehr denn eine Sprache üblich ist, wird für jede dieser Sprachen ein Lehrstuhl für Sprache und Literatur errichtet. § 21. Die Vortragssprache an der Landesuniversität ist die ungarische; doch werden für jede Nationalität des Landes Vehrstühle für Sprache und Literatur errichtet. Sollte eines der im Associationswege bereits zu Stande gekommenen Institute wegen Unzulänglichkeit des Fonds nicht im Stande sein, diesem Zwecke aus eigenen Kräften gehörig zu entsprechen, und sollte es um die Unterstützung des Staates ansuchen: so wird es die Pflicht der betreffenden Minister sein, auf Grund der erworbenen authentischen Daten dem Reichstage einen Vorschlag zu unterbreiten. Die Legislative wird von Fall zu Fall die Quantität und den Modus der Unterstützung bestimmen, sobald sie von der Notwendigkeit derselben sich überzeugt hat. IV. Capitel. Die Rechte der Nationalitäten auf dem Gebiete der Association. § 23 Jedem einzelnen Landesbürger jeglicher Nationalität, ebenso wie den Jurisdiktionen, Gemeinden, Kirchen und in Kirchengemeinden steht das Recht zu, mit eigener Kraft oder im Wege der Association Unterricht-, Mittel- und höhere Schulen gleich wie anderweitige zur Förderung der Kunst, Wissenschaft, Industrie und des Handels nötige Institute zu errichten. Zu diesem Behufe können die einzelnen Landesbürger unter Oberaufsicht des Staates zu Gesellschaften oder Vereinen zusammentreten und zusammentretend Statuten schaffen, im Sinne der von der Staatsregierung bestätigten Statuten vorgehen, einen Geldfonds sammenlenken und diesen bei gleicher Oberaufsicht der Staatsbehörde ihren berechtigten Nationalitätsansprüchen entsprechend verwalten. Die dergestalt zu Stande gekommenen Lehr-, Bildungs- und sonstigen Institute sind die Schulen, jedoch nur unter der Bedingung der allgemeinen Übereinstimmung des Lehrplans mit den Staatsinstituten gleicher Natur und gleicher Stufe gleichberechtigt. Die Gesellschaften und die durch sie ins Leben gerufenen Institute können untereinander auch in ihrer eigenen Sprache verkehren. V. Capitel. Die Rechte der Nationalitäten auf dem Gebiete der Justizpflege. § 24. Jeder Bürger jeglicher Nationalität kann in den Fällen, in welchen er ohne Dazwischenkunft eines Rechtsfreundes in der Eigenschaft als Kläger, Geklagter oder Gesuchsteller den Schutz des Gesetzes, beziehungsweise die rechtliche Hilfe in Anspruch nimmt, in seiner eigenen Gemeinde und Gemeinde seiner Muttersprache, in anderen Gemeinden der Sprache oder einer der Sprachen der betreffenden Gemeinde, in seiner eigenen Jurisdiction in seiner Muttersprache oder der Sprache oder einer der Sprachen des Jurisdictionsprotokolls, in anderen Jurisdiktionen nur der Protokollssprache oder einer der Protokollssprachen derselben bedienen. § 25. Der Richter beschließt und entscheidet in den Fällen des § 24 u. z. beim Verfahren außer Streitsachen in der Sprache der Repräsentation oder Eingabe, beziehungsweise in der Sprache der Betreffenden. In Prozesssachen aber führt er die Verhandlung in der Sprache der prozessualen Parteien, die Zeugenverhörung, Confrontation und ähnliche richterliche Akte in der Sprache der verhörten oder verwendeten Individuen; das Protokoll selbst schließlich in der Sprache des Jurisdictionsprotokolls, und sollte es deren mehrere geben, in jener derselben, in welche die streitenden Parteien gegenseitig einwilligen. Sollten sie sich nicht vereinbaren, so führt er es nach eigenem Belieben in einer derselben. Der Vorladungsbescheid hat im Interesse der vorzuladen den Partei, wenn es sofort ernst werden kann, in ihrer Muttersprache, sonst in der offiziellen Staatssprache als der vermittelnden Sprache abgefasst zu werden; doch verkündigt er und teilt er jeden Bescheid, Beschluß oder jedes Urteil, ja in außerordentlichen Fällen selbst die wichtigen Dokumente auf Wunsch der Parteien und Beteiligten in ihrer Sprache aus. § 26. Wenn die Partei sich durch einen Rechtsanwalt vertreten lässt oder vertreten zu lassen gehalten ist, so kann der Rechtsanwalt des Klägers die Sprache der betreffenden Jurisdiktion oder eine ihrer Sprachen wählen; der Rechtsanwalt oder die Rechtsanwälte des Beklagten finden jedoch, falls sie in der vom Rechtsanwalt des Klägers gewählten Sprache nicht replizieren wollen, gehalten, sich der ungarischen Sprache zu bedienen. § 27. Der Vorladungsbescheid hat wie die Sprache der Eingabe, doch im Interesse der vorzuladenden Partei auch, falls sie sofort erläutert werden kann, in der Muttersprache der selben, sonst aber in der offiziellen Staatssprache als der vermittelnden Sprache abgefasst zu werden. Der Bescheid, Beschluß und das Urteil haben in der Prozesssprache und mit Rücksicht auf die Appellation auch in der offiziellen Staatssprache geschrieben, mitgeteilt und verkündigt zu werden. § 28. In den zur Kompetenz der Wechselgerichte gehörigen Angelegenheiten ist die Prozesssprache im Interesse des öffentlichen Credits die ungarische. § 29. Die innere Verwaltungssprache der von der Wahl abhängigen weltlichen Gerichtsbehörden ist die ungarische; die kirchlichen Gerichtsbehörden bestimmen selbst ihre Verwaltungssprache. § 30. Die Sprache der Grundbuchsämter ist die ungarische; doch haben die Bescheide über Wunsch der Parteien in der Verwaltungssprache der Jurisdiktion, und sollte es deren mehrere geben, in jener dieser Sprachen ausgefolgt zu werden, in welcher die Partei die Ausfolgung begehrt. In derselben Sprache haben in authentischer Übertragung die Auszüge ausgefolgt zu werden. § 31. Die amtliche Sprache der von der Ernennung der Staatsregierung abhängigen Gerichtsbehörden ist ausschließlich die ungarische; doch ist das Justizministerium verpflichtet, darauf zu achten, daß bei den hohen und höchsten Gerichtsstellen fachkundige Richter aus dem Schöpfe jeder Nationalität in genügender Anzahl verwendet zu werden haben. VI. Kapitel. Die Rechte der Nationalitäten auf dem Gebiete der Legislative. § 32. Die Beratungs- und Verwaltungssprache des Reichstages ist die ungarische. § 33. Die Gesetze haben in jeder der im Lande gebräuchlichen Sprachen verkündigt zu werden. VII. Kapitel. Die Gewährleistung der Gleichberechtigung der Nationalitäten. § 34. Alle den obigen Beschlüssen zuwider laufenden früheren Gesetze werden außer Kraft gesetzt. § 35. Die in den obigen Paragraphen festgestellte Gleichberechtigung aller innerhalb des Landesgebiets vor handenen Nationalitäten wird als Fundamentalkanones des Landes erklärt. Paul Nyäry m. p. Karl Kerkapoly m. p. Präsident des Subcomit. Schriftführer des Subcomit. Florenz, 24. Juni. (Aus der Kammer. Die Kirchengüter. Verschiedenes.) In den Kammerdebatten über das Budget des Kriegsministeriums war es namentlich die Frage der General-commandos, die zu sehr lebhaften Diskussionen führte. Corte, Fambri, Mellana und Ricciardi sprachen für die Befugnisse, Bertole-Viale und Bixio für die Beibehaltung dieser Ämter. Die Gegner derselben wollen in diesen Institutionen Anlässe zu politischen Gefahren erblicken; ein Hinweis auf Preußen vermochte nicht, sie anderer Ansicht zu machen, und namentlich Mellana erklärte, daß er Preußen keineswegs als Musterstaat für politische Freiheit ansehen könne; er bewundere vielmehr die preußischen Abgeordneten, welche sich durch militärische Erfolge nicht abhalten lassen, von der Regierung konstitutionelle Freiheiten zu fordern. Conte Crotti, der bekanntlich den für ein Parlamentsmitglied vorgeschriebenen Eid aus religiösen Gründen nur unter gewissen Vorbehalten leisten wollte und dessen Wahl in Folge dessen annulliert wurde, ist in Verres neuerdings gewählt worden. Über das Kirchengüterliquidationsprojekt, wie es jetzt von der Kammerkommission ausgearbeitet wird, bringt nun auch die „Risorgimento" Details, die im Wesentlichen mit den von der „Italic" gebrachten übereinstimmen. Wir entlehnen diesen Angaben, daß das Maximum bischöflicher Einkünfte mit 20.000, das Minimum mit 10.000 Lire fixiert werden soll. Pfarren können höchstens mit 10.000 und müssen mindestens mit 800 Lire dotiert werden. Inhabern geistlicher Pfründen wird für Lebensdauer eine Pension aus dem Cutisfonds gegeben, dem die Pfründe nach ihrem Tod zufällt. Die den aufgehobenen Seminaren gehörenden Baulichkeiten so wie die Dotationen derselben fallen den bezüglich genannten Gemeinden zu Unterrichtszwecken zu. Anstatt der bisherigen 288 soll es künftig nur 21 Seminare in Italien geben. Der „Diritto" veröffentlicht drei Briefe, die im Hinblick auf den an der römischen Grenze im Keime erstickten Invasionsputsch nicht ohne Interesse sind. Garibaldi schrieb nämlich unter dem 17. d. M an das römische Insurrections-centrum, um ihm anzuzeigen, daß er mit dem römischen Nationalkomite einen Sinnes sei. Ein zweites Schreiben rührt von jenem Insurrections-centrum her, das in Anbetracht der erwähnten an der Grenze vorgekommenen und von ihm als Ergebnis einer Intrigue bezeichneten Vorfälle seine Tätigkeit einstellen will. Das „G. di Napoli" dementiert das Gerücht, dass General Durando in besonderer Mission nach Rom gegangen sei. Der General habe keine Mission und sei auch nicht von Neapel abgereist. Meine Chronik. (Vergnügungszüge.) Die Reiseindustrie ist das Gebiet, auf welchem das Prinzip der Association zeit uns die reichsten und glänzendsten Blüten treibt. Kaum hatte man sich überzeugt, dass mit dem Opfer eines Teils der persönlichen Freiheit die Möglichkeit erkauft werden könne, fremde Länder und Städte für die Hälfte der Kosten zu sehen, welche die Reise eines Einzelnen dahin erfordern würde, als solche gemeinschaftliche Fahrten nach Neapel und Constantinopel dem Wiener Unternehmungsgeist schon viel zu unbedeutend erschienen. Nichts geringeres als eine „Weltnacht mit ganzer Verpflegung" und Aufenthalt in den ersten vorder-, hinter- und westindischen, chinesischen, hottentottischen und karaibischen Hotels wurde projectiert. Leider scheiterte die kühne Idee an den Weltereignissen. Mit dem Frieden ist auch die Unternehmungslust zurückgekehrt und riesige Plakate an den Straßenecken laden zur Beteiligung an einer Entdeckungsreise in die noch unerforschten Regionen von Dornbach und Nussdorf ein. Mitschwungvollen Worten werden die noch nie gesehene Aussicht vom „Himmel" und die Reize eines Mittags mahles in Zögernitz' Casino geschildert, ein Glas Bier und zwei Brötchen winken in Neuwaldegg, ein „über raschendes Volksfest" auf dem Bockkeller den monothem Wanderern, geprüfte Pfadfinder werden dieselben durch den Urwald zwischen Dornbach und Pötzleinsdorf führen und der „Great-Eastern" ist mit Garantie gegen Seekrankheit zur Heimkehr längs der Nussdorfer Küste und der Holzgestalten gemiethet. Und alle diese unerhörten, dem Einzelnen unerreichbaren Genüsse werden jedem Biedermann für wenige Gulden geboten! Und sicherem Vernehmen nach schlummern in der Brust des „Komitee" noch viel großartigere Pläne; z.B. Reise nach Hernals per Pferdebahn, reizende Fußtour über den Exercirplatz nach Ottakring, Besteigung des Galzin-Berges, Rückkehr nach Neulerchenfeld, Supper in der „Blauen Flasche" (zwei Seitel Bier und ein Paar Würstel für die Person), Festvorstellung im Thalia-Theater, Heimfahrt im Stellwagen; die Karte nur 10 fl. '(Von den Feniers.) Amerikanische Berichte bestätigen, dass nun auch Roberts, der nach Stephens als Fenier-Haupt fungirte, Amerika Lebewohl sagen und nach Europa reisen wird. Seiner eigenen Angabe nach, um Verbindungen mit Mazzini und anderen Führern der Revolutionspartei anzuknüpfen, wogegen viele andere meinen, er könne sich in Amerika nicht länger halten, seine eigenen Landsleute seien gar zu erbost gegen ihn, dass er Tausende ins Unglück gestürzt, vielen ihre Ersparnisse abgeschwindelt und selber die ganze Zeit über behaglich gelebt habe; demnach sei das Wahrscheinlichste, dass er sich wie Stephens nach den Pariser Boulevards zurückziehen werde. Feuilleton. Miß Mary. Americanische Lebensbild nach der „Revue des deux Mondes". (Fortsetzung.) XVI. Naghelo war zum Verräther an Arabella geworden und hatte eine günstige Gelegenheit herbeigeführt, sich des Besitzers der Minen zu entledigen. Im Laufe des Tages hatte er Fayal und diesen wieder Doyle von dem für die Nacht anberaumten Stelldichein in Kenntnis gesetzt. Fayal benützte die ihm gewordene Kunde, um dem Yankee zu beweisen, dass er des Fremden halber von Arabella getäuscht werden. Zum Glück war der reiche Mann als Werkzeug zur Unterstützung der Rachepläne Fayals gewonnen. Über die Absichten der Bande konnte Montaret keinen Augenblick im Zweifel sein, nachdem er die unheimlichen Züge Fayals und das bleiche, von den Qualen der Eifersucht verzerrte Antlitz des in einen Othello umgewandelten Doyle's erblickt hatte. „Schön, recht schön", begann der mit den Zähnen knirschende Capitalist, der mit ganz ungewöhnlichem Muthe der Erste in den halbdunklen Raum trat. Die trotzige Haltung Montarets veranlaßte ihn jedoch, sich in seinem Zorn an Arabella zu wenden und diese mit Vorwürfen zu überhäufen, eine Beschäftigung, in der er jedoch von Montaret sofort unterbrochen wurde. „Ich kenne die Rechte nicht, die Ihnen dieser Dame gegenüber zustehen, werde aber nicht dulden, dass da, wo ich zu Hause bin, eine Dame überhaupt beleidigt werde. Sie werden sich daher augenblicklich von hier entfernen." „Sie glauben also hier im eigenen Haus zu fein?" fragte Doyle mit erkünsteltem Muthe. „Das bin ich aller Orten, wo ich Quartier nehme. Hinaus also, wer...」 Feyal, der sich auf kein unnützes Hin- und Herreden einlassen wollte, feuerte einen Pistolenschuß auf Henri ab und zog sich dann hinter eine aus fünf bis sechs Strolchen bestehende Bande zurück, die Nagheko in aller Eile in den Minen zusammen gerafft hatte und welche jetzt den Eingang bewachte. Der außerhalb der Hütte stehende Nagheko zielte mit einer Flinte durch die Fensterluke. Wieder fielen zwei Schüsse. Eine Kugel pfiff hart an Montarets Kopf vorüber; eine zweite streifte ihm die Wange. Im selben Augenblick stürzte aber auch einer von der Bande zusammen. Telemach hatte einen Revolver zur Verteidigung des Mannes abgefeuert, den er als seinen rechtmäßigen Herrn betrachtete. Voll Entsetzen ergriff Arabella die Flucht. Doyle, der überhaupt keine sonderliche Lust sich zu schlagen! verspürte, eilte ihr nach, vermochte aber in der Finsternis nicht, sie im Walde einzuholen. Henri und Telemach suchten sich bestens hinter einem Fass und einem alten Tische zu verstecken. Der enge Raum erdampft gefüllt, dass man Freund und Feind nicht mehr von einander zu unterscheiden vermochte, ein Umstand, den Telemach benutzte, um mit einem in aller Eile aufgerafften Beil die Bretterwand einzuschlagen und so sich und seinem Herrn einen Ausgang ins Freie zu bahnen. Unbemerkt entkamen sie in den Wald, nachdem sie zuvor noch zwei Schüsse mit glücklichem Erfolg abgefeuert hatten, er kletterten dort einen Baum und konnten aus sicherer Höhe herab die Bande beobachten, wie sie bei Fackelschein von Nagheko und Feyal geführt nach ihnen suchte. „Wenn dem so ist, so will ich ihn bringen, aber nur unter einer Bedingung?" „Und diese wäre?" „Daß ich dich wiedersehen darf und du mich nicht von dir weisen wirst." Arabella konnte sich angesichts dieser eben so plötzlichen als unumwundenen Liebeserklärung trotz des Ernstes der Situation eines leisen Lächelns nicht erwehren, was den großen Krieger überging, der die ganze Situation mit großer Ernsthaftigkeit aufnahm. In blumenreicher Redeweise wiederholte er seine Anträge, worauf ihm Arabella, die er während des Gesprächs in die unmittelbare Nähe des Gasthauses gebracht hatte, zu bedenken gab, daß eine weiße Squaw bei solchen Gelegenheiten immer einiger Bedenkzeit bedürfe, um mit sich selbst zu reden zu können. Mit dem imponirenden Wesen einer Theaterprinzessin gab sie ihm sodann seine Lederdecke zurück und sagte: „Wenn du mich wiedersehen willst, so bringe den Mann, der jetzt in Gefahr schwebt. Bis dahin will mein Auge dich nicht erschauen." — Dann ging sie ins Haus. Wakontschaka blickte ihr eine Weile ganz bestürzt nach, richtete aber dann sein Haupt wieder stolz empor, wrang über einen im Weg liegenden Baumstamm hinweg und verschwand im Dickicht. Im Gasthause fand Arabella ihre Angehörigen in der größten Aufregung. Die Mutter lag in nervösen Krämpfen, Mr. Milly machte ihr kalte Umschläge, die Tante heulte und die kleine Cousine lief im Hemd herum und schrie aus Leibeskräften, um es den Anderen gleich zu tun. Als sie ins Zimmer trat, änderte sich die Szene plötzlich, wie durch einen Zauberschlag. Die Mutter hatte keine Krämpfe mehr, wohl aber hinlängliche Kraft, um über Ärgernisse und Skandal zu schreien. Mr. Doyle habe die entsetzlichsten Sachen von Arabella erzählt und gesagt, dass zwischen ihm und ihr Alles aus sei. Dann habe er die Rückreise nach New York ganz allein angetreten. Sie, die Mutter, wolle nun nur noch wissen, wo denn der unselige Ingenieur stecke; sie werde ihn... Arabella hemmte den Redefluß, indem sie ihre Mutter bat, ihre Recriminationen auf die Zeit zu «er sparen, in der sie allein sein würden. Milly benützte diesen Anlass, um sich zurückzuziehen, weislich über die bösen Absichten seiner Genossen schweigend und von Doyle erzählend, dass nur extreme Eifersucht ihn zu der nächtlichen Expedition veranlaßt habe. Als nun Arabella ihrer Mutter erzählte, dass Montaret unermessliche Reichthümer besitze, wurde die kluge Frau plötzlich milden Sinnes, meinte aber, dass der Franzose schuld trage, wenn Doyle nichts mehr von Arabella gern werde, und ihr darum Genugtuung vor dem starren Schuldener. (Fortsetzung folgt.) Aus dem Rechtsleben. (Prozess Rix.) Wien, 28. Juni. Vorsitzender: Herr Landesgerichtsrat Gernerth; Staatsanwalt: Herr Gerichtsadjutant Graf Chorinsky; Verteidiger: Herren Dr. Kratky, Dr. Neuda und Dr. Mandel. Die an interessanten Momenten reiche Schlussverhandlung wider den wegen Verbrechens des Betruges in den Anklagestand versetzten Juwelier Adolf Rix und in zweiter Reihe auch wider die einer falschen Aussage vor Gericht beschuldigten Jakob Löw und Johann Maschl wurde; wie hier noch einmal kurz erwähnt werden soll, am 12. d. M. auf Anlass eines neu hinzugetretenen gravierenden Factums vertagt und sollte heute zum Abschluss gelangen. Bekanntlich dreht sich die criminelle Frage um den kühnen Handstreich, durch welchen sich der Erstangeklagte in den Besitz einer ihm von dem ungarischen Gutsbesitzer Theodor von Szlavy zur Schätzung eingehändigten Garnitur von Brillantohrringen und eines Brillantringes zu setzen suchte. Der Beschädigte behauptete mit Entschiedenheit, es sei nur von einer Schätzung die Rede gewesen, der Angeklagte ebenso bestimmt, ein rechtes und gerechtes Kaufgeschäft vor gelegen sei. Die Aussagen der Zeugen boten weder für die eine, noch für die andere Annahme vollkommen verlässliche Anhaltspunkte. So ungefähr war das Stadium des Prozesses, als er vertagt wurde. Bei Eröffnung der Verhandlung beantragt der Verteidiger Dr. Neuda, die Gattin des Angeklagten Adolf Rix als Vertrauensperson beizuziehen. Der Gerichtshof hat das gegen keine Einwendung. Sohin kommt das neu hervorgekommene Factum an die Reihe. Die Belastungszeugin Frau Nowotny wird vorgerufen. Vors.: Erzählen Sie das Factum, wie es gekommen ist, daß Sie Herrn Rix Perlen zum Kauf anboten? Zeug.: Zuerst ging mein Mann hin und zeigte Herrn Rix eine Nadel und Perlen. Er kam zurück und sagte, Herr Rix müsse zuerst mit seiner Frau reden. Am anderen Tage ging ich hin und sagte im Auftrag meines Mannes, ich werde die Perlen nicht unter 8V fl. hergeben. Herr Rix sagte, er könne nicht mehr als 40 fl. geben. Aber meinem Manne hätten Sie 8V1 gegeben, erwie derte ich. Das war nur Spaß, sagte Rix. Wir handelten nun bis 58 fl. Ohne dass ich ja oder nein sagte, hat er schnell die Perlen abgeschnitten und in eine Lade gleiten lassen. Ich war ganz verblüfft, nahm das Geld und bin gegangen. Ich habe keine Geistesgegenwart besessen. Vors.: Was hat denn Ihr Mann gesagt, als Sie zurückgekommen sind? Zeug: Was fällt dir denn ein, die Perlen gehören ja gar nicht uns, die gehören dem Herrn Kautz. Wir mußten aus unserem Eigentum dem Herrn Kautz 7 fl. daraufzahlen. Vors.: Sie haben aber keine Anzeige gemacht. Zeug.: Nein, erst als Herr Rix in Untersuchung wegen des Herrn Szlavy gezogen wurde und mein Mann der Verhandlung beiwohnte, glaubte er den Staatsanwalt von unserm Falle verständigen zu müssen. Vors.: Was ist dann weiter geschehen? Zeug.: Ich bin nochmals hingegangen, nach etwa zehn Minuten, und habe gebeten, man möge mir die Perlen zurückgeben. Frau Rix sagte: die Perlen sind schon verkauft. Vors.: Die Sache war damit noch nicht aus. Zeug.: Vor zwei Wochen ist ein Herr zu meinem Mann gekommen und hat gesagt, Herr Rix will mir den Schaden ersetzen, ich habe 25 fl. begehrt und erleide keinen Nachteil, das Geld habe ich dem Eigentümer Herrn Kautz gegeben. Vors.: Ist Ihnen das nicht aufgefallen, daß Sie erst nach einem Jahre eine Vergütung erhielten? Zeug.: Nein. Der Angeklagte gibt zu, mit Herrn Nowotny verhandelt zu haben, behauptet übrigens die reelle Absicht beim Geschäft. Daß ein Herr in seinem Interesse bei den Eheleuten Nowotny erschienen und den Schaden gut gemacht, behauptet er nicht zu wissen. Die Möglichkeit gibt er zu, man habe eben Freunde und Feinde. Vors.: Die Möglichkeit kann auch ich nicht ausschließen, aber die Wahrscheinlichkeit liegt so fern, daß sie kein Mensch annehmen dürfte. Als ein zweites verdächtigendes Moment, welches von keinerlei prozessualer Bedeutung ist, erscheint folgender anonymer Brief, welcher dem Untersuchungsrichter zuging. "An das Landesgericht zum Prozess Rix". Würdiger Untersuchungsrichter! Warum fragen Sie nicht das Mädel, was beim Herrn Löw sauber machen thut? Die hat aufgepasst, wie Frau Rix den Löw auszusagen angelernt hat. Das Mädel kommt zu Löw in die Schule. Wie sie heißt, weiß ich nicht." Der Vorsitzende erwähnt, daß der Kürze der Zeit wegen dieses Mädels von der Sicherheitsbehörde nicht ausgeforscht werden konnte, und schließt nach einigen minder wesentlichen Vorlesungen das Beweisverfahren. Die Plädoyers unterziehen das vorliegende Beweismaterial einer erschöpfenden Kritik. Der Staatsanwalt beantragt die Verurteilung, sämtliche Verteidiger die Schuldlosigkeit der Angeklagten. (Urteil folgt.) Telegraphische "Privat-" Depeschen. München, 28. Juni. Die Hypothekenwechselbank setzte die Dividende für das erste Semester 1867 auf siebzehn Gulden pro Aktie fest. Paris, 27. Juni Abends. Fast alle Journale haben eine Subskription zu Gunsten der Dänen in Schleswig eröffnet. Die „Liberté" enthält Briefe aus Madrid, nach welchen die Provinzen Madrid, Burgos, Palencia von bewaffneten Banden durchzogen werden. Dasselbe Journal sagt, Kaiser Napoleon solle der großen Flottenrevue in Spithead beiwohnen. Die „Patrie" sagt: Der Sultan ist diesen Morgen um 10 Uhr in Neapel angekommen und Mittags weitergereist; sie glaubt, der Sultan werde Samstag in Toulon landen, in Dijon den Vizekönig von Ägypten empfangen und im Laufe des Sonntags in Paris ankommen. Das Journal „Situation" sagt, dass ihm das Postdebit in Preußen entzogen sei und dass Baron Goltz seine Unterdrückung verlangt habe. „Situation" sagt, dass sie die Meinung von 36 Millionen Franzosen vertrete. Den Drohungen Bismarcks gegenüber habe es seinen Abonnementspreis herabgesetzt. Bismarck möge sich nicht einbilden, dass man ein Journal unterdrücke, wie man ein Volk unterdrückt. Die „Situation" werde fortbestehen, sie mache Bismarck den Krieg, aber in loyaler Weise. Sie rede nicht die ehrenrührige Sprache der Berliner Blätter, Bismarck sei empfindlicher als Napoleon III., welcher so oft den unanständigen Angriffen der preußischen Presse ausgesetzt ist. Aber Bismarck ist empfindlicher, sowohl weil er eitel ist, als auch weil er unsere Enthüllungen fürchtet. London, 28. Juni. Die „Times" sagt: Die Regierung hat beschlossen, zu Ehren des Sultans ein offizielles Fest zu veranstalten; der Minister für Indien ist mit den Vorbereitungen für das Fest beauftragt. Florenz, 28. Juni. Die „Gazetta di Firenze" dementiert, dass Cialdini demissioniert habe, bestätigt aber die Demission Lamarmora's, welche nicht angenommen wurde. In der Kammer hat Ferraris den Bericht über die Liquidation der Kirchengüter vorgelegt, dessen Beratung bis nach der Budget-Beratung festgesetzt ist. Die Grundlagen des Liquidationsgesetzentwurfs sind folgende: Umfassung und Ausdehnung des Gesetzes über Aufhebung und Umwandlung auf alle Kirchengüter mit Ausnahme der Pfarreien, dreißigprozentige Besteuerung aller umgewandelten Kirchengüter; unbewegliche Güter, welche Eigentum des Staates geworden sind, werden unter der Überwachung einer Kontrollierungskommission verkauft werden, welche auch beauftragt sein wird, die Finanzoperation zu kontrollieren, welche mit dem Verkaufserspielen dieser Güter mittels Hypothekarobligationen gemacht wird, die besonders garantiert und in 15 Jahren am Par bezahlbar sind. Einstweilen soll die Summe von 400 Millionen aufgebracht werden. Telegr. WitteruugSberichte derk. k. Teutralanstalt für Meteorologie u. Erdmagnetismus v 23. Juni7U.M. Stationen Nördliche Blitzen Ml AlaginfAr! Prag Wien Krakau Debrecen Semberg Südliche Anroaa Trieft Psla Naram Schoa Balona Szegedin Hermannstadt Lustdruck in Millimeter beobacht. Abw. v. norm 7153 7264 7262 7494 7431 7444 7467 7341 7632 7622 7629 7505 7604 7532 7525 4- -i- -i- 45 51 42 65 45 23 12 09 39 39 40 40 20 03 18 15 Temperatur in Celsius um 7 Uhr 14 S 16 S 17 S 15 S 17 S 12 S 18 S 3 16 S 23 24 S 23 2 20 4 23 2 18 3 16 3 24 S 23 1 22 3 20 4 23 2 18 3 20 3 16 3 24 S 23 2 19 2 18 3 20 3 16 3 Tagesmittel beobacht. Abw. v. d. norm 15 9 S 17 4 S 20 1 S 19 3 S 21 3 S 16 0 S 20 8 S 17 6 S 27 2 S 24 4 S 24 S 24 1 S 20 3 S 16 1 03 11 S 04 09 S 20 1 S 06 09 S 12 S 0 7 S 0 22 03 WindeS- Richtung Stärke — 12 — 24 W W W W SW NW S SO NW NW schwach schwach sehr schwach windstill mäßig stark schwach sehr schwach schwach schwach windstill sehr schwach windstill mäßig schwach Ansicht des Himmels größtentheils bewölkt ganz trüb, Gebel größtentheils bewölkt beinahe heiter beinahe heiter beinahe heiter größtentheils bew. ganz trüb ganz trüb ganz trüb ganz trüb zur Hälfte bewölkt teilsweise bewölkt größtenteils bew. ganz trüb Zustand des Meeres: Zu Ancona und Pola schwach bewegt, zu Triest und Lesina ruhig, Das Barometer ist etwas gefallen. Der Luftdruck ist in O. etwas tiefer, sonst höher als der normale (am höchsten zu Prag um 6-5 Mm.), Die Temperatur ist in O. tiefer, in W. höher als die normale. Die Luft ist in den Richtungen von W. und NW. schwach und mäßig bewegt (zu Krakau von W stark). Der Himmel ist mehr oder minder bewölkt. Erscheinungen in den letzten 24 Stunden: Regen, gesamt in Millimeter, gestern: zu Bludenz Tagüber öfter (9-9); zu Lschl (6-3); zu Klagenfurt Abends (4 7); zu Wien Abds. (ge- ring); um 6 U. 45 Min. Abds. Wieso? (1'/2 Uhr.) Die matte Stimmung war an der Börse auch heute für sämtliche Effecten vorherrschend, welche sich auch wesentlich billiger stellte, indessen Ist Die Devisen und Valuten neuerdings steifer schlossen. Geld minder flüssig. Geschäft beschränkt. Öffentliche Schuld des Staates für 100 fl. Geld in ö. W. zu 5 Ct. für 100 fl. 56.40 in österr. Währung steuerfrei. 60.50 Steueranleihe in öst. W. v. I. 1364 zu 5 Ct. rückzahlbar. 39.60 Silberanleihe von 1364 77. Silberanleihe 1865 (Freys.) rückzahlbar in 37 Jahre, zu 5 Ct. für 100 fl. 31.- Natur mit Zannier-Coupon. zu 5 Ct. 70.50 Mit Berli. v. I. 1339 140.- 1354 79.25. 1360 zu 500 fl. 39.10. 1360. 100. 92.50 1364. 100. 77.30 Tomo-Rentensch. zu 421.. s.ust. 17.25 L. der Kronländer (für 100 fl.) Grundentlastungsobligation mit Ver-Oesterreich. zu 5 Ct. 33.26 33.78 Ober-Oesterreich. S „ 90.— S1.— Ware 55.50 60.70 85.70 77.50 82.— 70.60 70.40 60.80 61.30 52.75 146.— 79.75 39.20 93.— 77.40 17.75 Salzburg zu 5 Böhmen „5 Mähren, „5 Schlesien „5 Steiermark. „5 Ungarn. „5 Temeser-Banat ... 5 Croatien u. Slavonien. „ Galizien ...... S Siebenbürgen. „ Bukowina. „ Umg.m.d.Verl.-El. 1357. „ Temeser Banst mit der Verl.-El. 1367. „ Aktien (pr. Stück). Nationalbank 722.— 724.— K. Ferd. Nordb. zu 1000 fl. ö.W. 1630. -1635.- Creditanstalt zu 200 fl. ö. W. 186.60 136.70 N.-öst. Esc. Ges. zu 500 fl. ö. W. 625.— 623.— Staatseigenb.-G. zu 200 fl. C. M. oder 500 Fr 234 — 234.20 Kaiser.Ms.-Bahn zu 200 fl. E.M. 148— 143.50 Süd-norddeutsche Verbindungs bahn zu 200 fl. C. M 125.75 126 — Geld Ware 36.— 37.— 39.50 90.- 39.50 90.- 33.50 89.— 39.— 90.— 71.60 72.— 70.25 70.75 76.— 77.- 69.75 70.25 63.50 69.25 63.25 69.- 63.50 69- 63.25 63.75 Geld Ware Südl.Staats-, Lomb.-ven. u. centr. ital. Eisenbahn 200fl.ö.W. 500 Fr. 194.75 195. Galizische Karl-Ludwig-Bahn zu 200 fl. C. M 226.25 226.75 Böhm. Westbahn zu 200 fl. 149. 150. - Oest.Don.-Dampfsch.-Ges./.^„ 480.— 431.— Oesterr. Lloyd in Triest. )C.M. 132.— 134.— W. Dampfm.-Act.-G. 500 fl. C.M. 430.- 435.— Pester Kettenbrücke 350.— 370 — Anglo-Austria-Bahn zu 200 fl. 100.50 101.- mb.-Cernow. Actien. 176.— 177.— Pfandbriefe (für 100 fl.) ^' ^?"^10jähr. v.1357 zuSpCt. 105.- —. S.M sv^losbar. .S. 97.50 97.75 Nationalbank auf ö. W. verlosbar zu5 Ct. 92.75 93 Ung.Bodenkreditanstalt zu 5½ Ct. 33.25 33.50 Mg. österr. Bodenkreditanstalt verlosbar zu 5 Ct. in Silber 105.50 106.50 Domaine 5 proc. in Silber. - .— —.— Lose (pr. Stück) Creditanstalt für Handel u. Gew. zu 100 fl. ö. W 127.75 123 25 Don.-Dampf.-G. zu 100 fl. C.M. Stadtgemeinde. Ofen. 40. ö. W. Esterhazy. .. 40 C.M. Salm ..... 40 .. 40..,. Geld 90 — 23 — 92 — 30.50 24.50 26.50 22.50 17.— 21.— 12 — 12 — Währung 90.60 24.- 90.- 31.50 25.50 27.— 23.50 13.- 22.— 1250 12.50 Wechsel (3 Monate.) Augsburg, für 100 fl. südd. W. 104 10 104.40 Frankfurt a M., 100 . „ . 104.50 104.75 Hamburg, für 100 Mark Banco 92 40 92.50 London, für 10 Pfd. Sterling . 125. 125.25 Paris, für 100 Francs .... 49.60 49.70 Kurs der Geldsorten Geld Währung Münzgeld 5 fl 91 kr. 5 fl. 92 kr. NapoleonSd'or . . 9 . 97 . 9 . 96 . Ruff. Imperiale . 10 . 17 . 10 . 13 . Lereinschaler . . 1 . 34 . 1 . Silber 122 . 50 . 122 . 75 , Verantwortlicher Redakteur: Georg Seiftert. Druckerei der kaiserlichen „Wiener Zeitung". Auktion eines Hausertheils in Wien. Von dem k. k. Landesgericht in Wien wird zur Einladung der öffentlichen Feilbietung der aus 6500 fl. öst. W. geschätzten der Frau Theresia Proßinag gehörigen, V. Anteile des Hauses Nr. 243 auf der Landstraße in Wien, über fruchtlos verstrichenen ersten Termin, der 2. Juli für den zweiten und der 5. August 1367 für den dritten Termin mit dem Beigesetz bestimmt, daß diese Realität, wenn sie bei dem zweiten Termin nicht wenigstens um den Schätzungswert verkauft würde, bei dem dritten Termin auch unter demselben Schätzungsgeld werden wird. Kauflustige haben an den bestimmten Tagen um 10 Uhr Vormittags im Gerichtszeichen Nr. 5 am Ballhausplatz im ersten Stock, im Kommissionszimmer Nr. 3 zunächst dem Grundbuchsamt zu erscheinen, und können vorläufig den Grundbuchsstand im Grundbuchsamt, und die Feilbietungsbedingungen in der Grundbuchs-Registratur des k. k. Landesgerichts oder in der Kanzlei des Hof- und Gerichtsadvokaten Hrn. Dr. », Sonnleithner in Wien, am 23. Mai 1867. 17300 - 11 Aktualität eines Hauses in Wien. Von dem k. k. Landesgerichte in Wien wird zur Vornahme der öffentlichen Feilbietung des auf 1250 fl. ö. W. geschätzten, dem Herrn Georg Proßinagg gehörigen Einsiebentel-antheils des Hauses Nr. 243 auf der Landstraße über den fruchtlos verstrichenen ersten Termin der 2. Juli für den zweiten und der 5. August 1867 für den dritten Termin mit dem Beisatz festgesetzt, dass diese Realität, wenn sie bei dem zweiten Termine nicht wenigstens um den Schätzungswert verkauft würde, bei dem dritten Termin auch unter demselben hinangegeben werden wird. Kaufleute haben daher an den bestimmten Tagen um 10 Uhr Vormittags im Gerichtsgebäude Nr. 3 am Ballhausplatz, im ersten Stock im Commissionzimmer Nr. 3 zunächst Grundbuchamt zu erscheinen, und könnten vorläufig den Grundbuchsstand im Grundbuchamt und die Feilbietungsbedingungen in der Grundbuchsregistratur des k. k. Landesgerichts oder - Kanzlei des Hof- und Gerichtsadvokaten Herrn Dr. v. Sonnleithner einsehen. Wien, den 23. Mai 1867. Eine Viertel-Age im k. k. Hof-Operntheater. Minus-Rang ist für die Monate Juli, August und September zu vergeben. Fixer Preis fl. 160 öst. W. Näheres in der Buchhandlung Karl Czermak am Schottenthor. Central-Anzeiger für Handel und Gewerbe. Freitag den 28. Juni. 1867. Kundmachungen, Erkenntnisse Das k. k. Landesgericht in Strafsachen in Wien erkennt kraft der ihm von Sr. k. k. Österreichischen Majestät verliehenen Amtsgewalt, über Antrag der k. k. Staatsanwaltschaft, daß der Inhalt der Flugschrift: „Des alten Schäfers Thomas seine achtzehnte Prophezeiung für das Jahr 1867 und 1868", Altona und Hamburg 1867 in Commission im Verlagsbureau, das Vergehen der Verbreitung eines für die öffentliche Sicherheit beunruhigenden Gerüchts nach § 303 St. G. begründet, und verbindet damit nach § 36 des Preßgesetzes das Verbot der weiteren Verbreitung. Wien, am 22. Juni 1867. - Der k. k. Präsident: Der k. k. Rathssecretär Dr. Thallinger Das k. k. Landes- als Preßgericht in Prag hat mit dem Erkenntnis vom 7. Juni 1867 Z. 11824 die weitere Verbreitung der Broschüre: „Russki rasstoyaschie zapiski, Mi Moskve, MK Isäisiu sxisovätelekh, v komisii knidskusssetvi Mikmlsss, Xiis-xx» v Prase, v Xsrlinö" gemäß § 36 Preßgesetz verboten. 1867, 3 s Curatel-Verhängung. Vom k. k. Landes-Militärgerichte in Wien wird bekannt gegeben, dass der derzeit in der Privat heilanstalt des Herrn Med Dr. Lowinger befindliche k. k. pensionierte Hauptmann Ludwig Luccioli wegen gerichtlich erhobenen Wahnsinns unter Curatel gesetzt und der k. k. pensionierte Herr Hauptmann Leopold Milanovic in Lainz zu dessen Curator bestellt worden ist. Wien am 8. Juni 1867. Gleichzeitig wurde die Firma: Provkramen. Gleichzeitig wurde die Firma: Schulhof & Heimbach, hierauf bezughabende Gesellschaftsvertrag im Register für Gesellschaftsfirmen gelöscht. Am 13. Mai 1867: Die Firma: Benedikt Lövenberg David Löwenberg! Bei dem kön. ung. Wechselgerichte in Arad wurde am 2. Mai 1867 in das Handelsregister für Einzelnfirmen eingetragen: Die Firma: Ludwig Rosenfeld, ung. Rosenfeld IiSjos, Firmainhaber: Ludwig Rosenfeld, Commissionär und Spediteur in Arad. Im Register für Gesellschaftsfirmen: Die provisorische Firma: Roth & Rosenfeld, sowie auch der darauf bezügliche Gesellschaftsvertrag wurde gelöscht, was mit dem Bemerken zur allgemeinen Kenntnis gebracht wird, dass zufolge gemeinschaftlicher Übereinstimmung der Mitglieder der aufgelösten Gesellschaftsfirma die direkten oder aus Gutsteuer entstandenen Passiven und Verbindlichkeiten unter den Gesellschaftsmitgliedern derjenige zu berichten, beziehungsweise zu vollziehen hat, der von den Gesellschaftsmitgliedern Ignaz Roth und Ludwig Rosenfeld die Gesellschaftsfirma bindende Unterschrift leistete, und die Firma unterzeichnet hat. Eingetragen wurde: Im Register für Einzelnfirmen: Am 6. Mai 1867: Die Firma: Adolf Heimbach, ung. Heimbach, Firmainhaber: Adolf Heimbach, Commissionär und Spediteur in Arad. Öwenbach, Dr. Sohn, uns bekommen wir, Firmainhaber: Produktenhändler in Arad. Am 16. Mai 1867 Die Firma: Ignaz Roth, Firmainhaber: Ignaz Roth, Kommissionär und Spediteur in Arad. Am 23. Mai 1867: Im Register für Gesellschaftsfirmen: M. I. Schulhof & Sohn. Öffentliche Erwerbs Gesellschaft, beruhend auf dem am heutigen Tage protokollierten Gesellschaftsvertrag vom 4. Mai 1867. Öffentliche Gesellschafter sind: Maximilian Schulhof und dessen Sohn Karl Schulhof, Produktenhändler in Arad. Jeder dem derselben steht das Recht der Firmazeichen.ung zu Gleichzeitig wurde der am 5. Oktober 1865 gelöschte protokollierte Ehevertrag der Johanna Brühl, verheiratet Karl Schulhof am 20. September 1865 übertragen, und die Firma: M. I. Schulhof im Register für Erledigungen. Oberstaatsanwalts Stellvertreter stelle bei der k. k. Oberstaatsanwaltschaft in Wien in der Gehaltsstufe von 1265 fl. und mit dem Rechte der Vorrückung in 1260 fl., eventuell mit dem Jahresgehalt von 1050 fl. und dem Rechte der Vorrückung in 1155 fl. und 1260 fl., dann mit dem jährlichen Quartiergeld von 252 fl. Bewerber haben ihre Gesuche im vorgeschriebenen Wege binnen vier Wochen von der dritten Einschaltung dieses Edikts in das Amtsblatt der Wiener Zeitung an die k. k. Oberstaatsanwaltschaft in Wien gelangen zu lassen. Disponible Bewerber haben nachzuweisen, in welcher Eigenschaft, mit welchen Bezügen und von welchem Zeitpunkt an sie in den Stand der Verfügbarkeit versetzt worden sind, endlich bei welcher Kasse sie ihre Disponibilitätsgeldes beziehen. K. K. Oberstaatsanwaltschaft. Wien am 25. Juni 1867. (96. Rathssecretärsstelle bei dem k. k. österreichischen Oberlandesgericht in Wien mit dem Gehalt von 1050 fl. und im Falle der Vorrückung von 1155 fl. und 1260 fl. ö. W., dann dem Quartiergeld von 252 fl. ö. W. Die Bewerber haben ihre vollständig belegten Gesuche binnen 4 Wochen vom Tage der dritten Einschaltung dieser Kundmachung in der Wiener Zeitung gerechnet, bei dem Präsidium des österreichischen Oberlandesgerichtes zu Wien einzubringen. Disponible Beamte, welche sich um diese Stelle bewerben, haben nachzuweisen, in welcher Eigenschaft, mit welchen Bezügen, und von welchem Tag sie in den Stand der Verfügbarkeit versetzt worden sind, und bei welcher Kasse die Disponibilitätsgeldes beziehen. 21. Juni 1867. s956^-1s Kerkermeisterstelle bei dem Tarnopoler k. k. Kreisgerichte mit dem Gehalt von 420 fl. oder eventuell von 367 fl. 50 kr. ö. W. Die Bewerber haben ihre belegten Gesuche binnen vier Wochen bei dem Präsidium des besagten k. k. Kreisgerichtes einzureichen und ihre Eignung hierzu legal nachzuweisen. Vom k. k. Kreisgerichts-Präsidium Tarnopol, am 21. Juni 1867. 1959^-1 Wiederholte Kundmachung erledigter Stellen. Provisionsche Gefangenaufsehersstelle bei dem k. k. Kreisgerichte Olmütz, Jahreslohn 262 fl. 50 kr ö. W. und Amtskleidung (Amtsblatt Nr. 147.) s933^-3Z Secundararztensstelle bei den Klagenfurter Landes-Wohlthatigkeitshaftalen, Remuneration 315 fl. öst W. (Amtsblatt Nr. 143.) 1938^-31 Lehrerstelle am k. k. Obergymnasium zu Vincovce im Brüder-Grenz-Regiments Nr. 7 für die deutsche Sprache oder für die klassische Philologie, Gehalt 735 fl. (Amtsblatt Nr. 148.) s936^-2 Forstpraktikantenstelle im Bezirk der k. k. Aera-rial. Forstverwaltung des Wiener Waldes, Taggeld 1 fl. 5 kr. (Amtsblatt Nr. 150.) s943^-2s Lehramtstitul für chemische Wissenschaften Wiener Magistrat-Stipendium jährlicher 40 fl. Ä W. Wien, am (Ausführliche Wiener Zeitung Amtsblatt 1867. 1 Band. Kundmachung siehe Amtsblatt der Nr. 150) 1953-2j 152 Perzl'sches Conviktshandstipendium im jährlichen Betrage von 63 fl. 25 kr. ö. W. vom 1. Semester 1866/67 angefangen. Die Bewerber haben ihre Gesuche bis 10ten Juli 1867 bei der k. k. n. ö. Statthalterei einzubringen (Ausführliche Kundmachung siehe Amtsblatt der Wiener Zeitung Nr. 150.) 951.4.-2Z Präparanden-Stipendium am k. k. Taubstummen-Institut in Wien mit jährlichen 157 fl. 50 kr., dem Genusse eines Zimmers mit dem zweiten Stipendisten, ferner Kost und Schlafen gemeinschaftlich mit den Zöglingen, auf die Dauer von einem Jahre und bet entsprechender Verwendung mit der Verlängerung auf zwei weitere Jahre. Die belegten, an die k. k. u. ö. Statthalterei gerichteten Gesuche sind bis 1. August d. J. bei der Direktion des k. k. Taubstummen-Instituts in Wien einzureichen. (Ausführliche Kundmachung siehe Amtsblatt der Wiener Zeitung Nr. 148.) 934^,-3) Mathematisches Stipendium vom zweiten Semester des Studienjahres 1866/67 angefangen im Betrage jährlicher 300 fl. ö. ZK. Diejenigen Studierenden, welche sich um dieses Stipendium zu bewerben gedenken, werden hiemit aufgefordert, ihre gehörig instruirten Gesuche bis zum 10. Juli 1867 in der Dekanatikanntlei zu übergeben. (Ausführliche Kundmachung siehe Amtsblatt der Wiener Zeitung Nr. 150.) 954^,-2) Examinationen. Überlandacker in Böhmkirchen. Von dem k.k. städtischen Delegationsgericht St. Pölten wird mit Edikt vom 13. Juni 1867 bekannt gemacht: Es sei zur Vornehme der mit Bescheid vom 13. Juni 1867 Z. 4390 bewilligten executorischen Feilbietung des auf 1800 fl. öst. W. geschätzten Überlandackers des Anton und der Barbara Weiss, P. Nr. 319 im Eigen mit 5 Joch 796 Q,- Klafter Grundbuch Walpersdorf v, Folio 122vs und 123, der 23. Juli für den ersten, dann der 24. August für den zweiten, und der 24. September 1867 für den dritten und folgenden Termin bestimmt. Kauflustige haben daher an den oben bestimmten Tagen jedesmal um 3 Uhr Nachmittags in der Gemeindekanzlei zu Böhmkirchen mit einem entsprechenden Betrag des Schätzungswerthes als Vadium zu erscheinen, und können den Grundbuchsstand und die Feilbietungsbedingungen hier gerichts einsehen. Haus in Hetzendorf. Von dem k.k. Bezirksamte Hietzing als Bezirksgericht wird mit Edikt vom 3. Juni 1867 bekannt gemacht: Es sei zur Vornahme der gerichtlich bewilligten Feilbietung der auf 12.500 fl. ö W. geschätzten Baustellen Nr. 9 und 10 in Hetzendorf und des darauf erbauten Hauses Nr. 115, Grundbuch Hetzendorf II, Fol. 400 und 401, der 5. Juli für den ersten, der 5. August für den zweiten und der 6. September 1867 für den dritten Termin bestimmt. Kauflustige haben an den bestimmten Tagen um 9 Uhr Vormittags in der Gemeindekanzlei zu Hetzendorf zu erscheinen, und können vorläufig den Grundbuchsstand im Grundbuchsamt, die Feilbietungsbedingungen aber in der Kanzlei des oben genannten Bezirksgerichtes oder des Hofgerichtsadvokaten Herrn Dr. Eduard Kopp einsehen. Haus zu Kremser. Von dem k.k. Kreisgericht Krems wird mit Edikt vom 13. Juni 1867 bekannt gemacht: Es sei zur Vornahme der öffentlichen Feilbietung des auf 1300 fl ö. W. gerichtlich geschätzten Hauses Nr. 33 am Hoheustein zu Krems, Grundbuch Pfarre Krems Fol. 46, für den ersten Termin der 24. Juli, für den zweiten Termin der 26. August und der 30. September 1867 für den dritten Termin bestimmt. Kauflustige haben an den bestimmten Tagen um 9 Uhr Vormittags im hiesigen Gerichtsgebäude zu erscheinen, und können den Grundbuchsstand und die Feilbietungsbedingungen im hiesigen Expediat einsehen. Weingarten in Kammer. Von dem k.k. Bezirksamte Kirchberg am Wagram als Gericht wird mit Edikt vom 7ten Juni 1867 bekannt gemacht: Es sei in der Rechtssache des Johann Hartl durch Dr. Grünwald wider Leopold und Aloisia Böhacker in Kammern, et, 150 fl. 90 kr. es. c. in die gerichtliche Feilbietung der den Letzteren angehörigen Realität, und zwar '/< Weingarten in der Ried „Hund" Steuergemeinde Kammern, Parzell Nr. -83 pr. 3b7.5 Q. Klst., Grundbuch Gobelsburg über St. Katharina Folio 13v pr. 200 fl. ö. W. gewilliget, und hiezu der 6. Juli als erster, der 7. August als zweiter und der 7. September 1867 als dritter Termin bestimmt worden. Kauflustige haben daher demnach an den obigen Tagen jedesmal Nachmittags 1 Uhr beim Herrn Gemeindevorstand in Kammern zu erscheinen, allwo nach vorläufiger Bekanntgebung der Bedingungen die Licitation abgehalten werden wird. 18664-3Z Hans in Eilfang. Von dem k. k. Bezirksamte Schrems als Gericht wird mit Edikt vom 8. Juni 1867 bekannt gemacht: Es sei zur Vornahme der gerichtlich bewilligten Feilbietung des auf 1800 fl. ö. W. geschätzten Hauses Nr. 29 in Eilfang, Grundbuch Heidenreichstein, Folio 635, der 20. Juli für den ersten, der 19. August für den zweiten und der 20. September 1867 für den dritten Termin bestimmt. Kauflustige haben daher an den bestimmten Tagen, Uhr in Eilfang bei dem Gemeindevorstande zu erscheinen, und können die Licitationsbedingungen und den Grundbuchsstand in den gewöhnlichen Amtsstunden hiergerichts einsehen. 7667-11 Viertellehenhaus zu Prellenkirchen. Von dem k. k. Bezirksamte Hainburg als Gericht wird mit Edikt vom 17. Mai 1867 bekannt gemacht: Es sei über Einschreiten der ersten österreichischen Sparcassa in Wien wider Joseph Rziha in die exekutive Feilbietung des dem Letzteren gehörigen auf 500 fl. geschätzten Viertellehenhauses Nr. 94 zu Prellenkirchen gewilliget, und zu deren Vornahme der 2. Juli als erster, der 2. August als zweiter und der 2. September 1867 als dritter Termin bestimmt worden. Kauflustige belieben daher an den obbestimmten Tagen jedesmal Früh um 9 Uhr in der Gemeindekanzlei zu Prellenkirchen zu erscheinen, und können die hierauf haftenden Schulden bei dem hier sigen Grundbuchs, die diesfälligen Feilbietungsbedingungen aber in hierörtiger Kanzlei einsehen. 7711-21 Hausdrittel in Wien. Von dem k. k. Landesgerichte in Wien wird mit Edikt vom 24. April 1867 bekannt gemacht: Es sei zur Vornahme der öffentlichen Feilbietung des dem Hrn. Franz Exner-Dannhauser gehörigen, auf 38.000 fl. öst. W. geschätzten Drittels des Hauses Nr. 80 in der Jägerzeile samt Grund und radizirtem Schankgewerbe, dann des dem selben gehörigen, auf 14.000 fl. öst. W. geschätzten Drittels des Hauses Nr.
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FRIDAY, MARCH 14, 1916. SIXTEEN. THE NEWS SCIMITAR PAGE FOUR (IG SEAS OIL AT HOT KARNA; STATEMENT OF THE PRINCIPAL SATURDAY TO MARK FOURTH ANNUAL RACE MEETING AT OAKLAND. HOT PRINCIPALS, Ark., March 11 With some of the most noted horse that ever raced the American turf edge for the opening day, a card that Is taking the capacity of the resort of hotels, weather that is ideal and A track covered to be two performances faster than last year, everything is in grandness for the opening of the fourth annual race meeting, which will take place at O'Fallon Saturday. The meet will last 30 days. Present indications are that it will not only be the unrest in the history of Hot Springs, but also the most successful from a racing point of view. At present, close to $500 horses are reported to have found accommodations in the stable at Park Lawn. Among them are such noted sprinters as Kternal, the Red Cross horse; Exter minator, winner of the last Kentucky derby and the Louisiana cup event; The Wanderer, considered a most excellent derby and the track of the 8th, that have been performing for the past three months. In New Orleans, in addition to those horses, there has been a first-class stable shipped from "Alifornian." Movie Stars Present. Additional Interest will be added to the opening day by the presence of a company of moving picture stars from the Fox studio, New York. He made the trip from the Hip Metropolis for the purpose of taking racing scenes for a great production they have in the making. The company consists of 15 members, not including several camera men and their assistants. They were met on their arrival by a committee from the Business Men's league, which has supervision over the Oakiawn track, and given a rousing welcome to the participants. "We were told to come to Hot Springs for the idea; atmosphere for the scenes we want," J. Gordon Cooper, who brought the party here, "and I must state that I believe we will have the pleasure of shooting the biggest crowd that ever attended a race meeting of this nature in the South. The racing plant is one of the most complete and picturesque we have ever filmed, and I am certainly pleased with the prospects. We anticipate being here from several days to two weeks." The present meeting will do more than extend the necessary here and add to the financial feature of the business interest. It will also mean that $30,000 will be contributed to good road work on the highways leading into Hot Springs. The management of the Oakiawn track will make a daily contribution of $50, which will be used for this purpose. This money will be spent on repairing the Hot Springs - Little Rock highway, and also on the Other roads into the city in anticipation of heavy automobile traffic from Fort Worth this summer. Bringing up Father by George McManus. THERE'S AN INSURANCE AGENT OUTSIDE TO SEE HOW MANY TELL YOU I DON'T WANT TO SEE INMIRANCE. WHAT DO YOU WANT TO SEE? IN MIRANCE, WHAT DO YOU WANT? IN WONDER OF A LADY, STAND WON'T INJURE ANYONE. IN SURE, YOU'RE OUTSIDE, YOU'RE OUTSIDE, IT'S A VEGETABLE MINE IN THE MILLION C. JOHNSON'S LIE, WON'T HURT BOUT, Willard and Dempsey to Meet as Scheduled July 4. Willard-remains will be held as scheduled and the champion will prove to the public then the sort of fighter he may have. Archer, manager of Jens Willard, said here last night in discussing the statement of Jack Johnson that is concerned with Willard in Havana was prearranged affair. "The 'confession' of Johnson, which is absolutely false, is not worrying us a particle," Archer said. (Copyrighted, by International News Service.) HAVANA AFTER JACK JOHNSON Big Negro's Story Arouses Cuban Detectives. HAVANA, March 11. Attention of the judicial authorities here has been called to the declarations made by Jack Johnson, former heavyweight champion, that his bout with Jess Willard in this city four years ago was a fake. A written report on the incident has been made by a lieutenant of detectives. In closing his report which includes the translated version of Johnson's statement as published here, the detective says: "From the foregoing it may be seen that if this story is true, the people of Havana were deceived and defrauded and that it is desired to repeat the event, with the same or a similar combination. " The report adds that "although these events occurred some time ago, they have become known through their publication and Johnson, who is here on his way to Mexico, may evade any responsibility which he may have incurred." TWO YANKS BOMBED THERE Two young pitchers on the roster of the Yankes, hob McOraw and Walter Smallwood, are "over there," and I'm shivering. Shooker and Hank Hevereld, of the Brown, are still acrops the briny deep. Mike Menosky, and Horace Milan, of the Washington club; Willie Mitchell, of Petrolt, and Joe Jenkins, of the White Sox, complete the list of American leaguers to whom the Statue of Liberty would be a welcome sight just now. AFTER-EFFECTS OF "FLU" LEAVE SYSTEM BADLY SHATTERED Help Is Needed to Restore Strength and Vigor. If you have been through a siege of the flu, you know the severe strain which this disease puts on the system. The body is left sore, the nervous system is all out of gear, and it seems that you will never get back your old-time health and strength. Just because you have been fortunate enough to survive the ravages of the flu, do not make the common mistake of thinking that you are out of danger. You must guard your health now more carefully than ever, and take every precaution. First of all, you must build back your strength. In your present weakened condition, any trivial aliment will likely prove serious. Right now a few bottles of S. S. S. will prove of great value. This splendid tonic and purifier so thoroughly cleanses the blood of all impurities that the appetite is improved and new life and vigor is added to the entire system, to not delay the important work of getting back your strength, but get a bottle of S. S. S. from your druggist today. Free medical advice can be had by writing to Chief Medical Adviser, 23 Swift Laboratory, Atlanta, Ga. adv. By Bob Pigge JUST TO SHOW that the majority of 1919 Tribesmen are being the mark and are finding satisfactory the terms the Memphis Chicks have offered them this season, there is a flock of official-looking envelopes in the office of Thos. R. Watkins, Chick president, who is now beating around the North and East looking for promising talent for this year's ball club. The contracts to the 1919 Chicks were mailed out two or three weeks ago, and there are about seven or eight of the papers returned up to the present. They have not been opened, for that's the case of Prexy Watkins, but when he returns from his jaunt we'll know who has signed and who has returned the orange-colored credentials with their signatures missing. The only known holdup or holdout is Dixie Carroll, last season's center gardener of the Tribe, who is at his home in Paducah waiting anxiously to hear whether he is going to get the raise he asks for or if he will be permitted to hold out. Dixie will play ball somewhere this season, even if it is in the Industrial league, and if he fails to come to terms with the Chicks it wouldn't be surprising if he joined Pete Allison in Beloit, Wis., who is playing ball on Saturdays and Sundays and working all week in one of the Fairbanks-Morse plants. THE SMOKE'S STATEMENT. On this page yesterday was a statement made by the state-made by Jack. Johnson, a buck negro, who at one time held the heavyweight championship of the world, but who lost it when Jess Willard flattened his somber hulk on the canvas of Havana, Cuba, on April 6, 1915. The smoke says his bout with Wil lard was a framenp and that ho was paid to quit and let Jess win the title. It has been four years since the fight occurred. It has always been believed that willard Won on his merits and the ring authorities at the ringside were unanimous, in the opinion that the ne gro had tired in the late rounds and was an easy mark for one of Wlllard's smashes. Hut now, after the negro has been barred forever from this country and la an exile, he announces that he per mitted Willard to knock him out for his price to get down on the level with all other snakes. Johnson's character Is as black as his skin, and his charge of frnmmip against Willard will serve as a boom erang to push the negro further into oblivion and disgrace. T.ee Fohl. manager of the Cleveland Indians, says If his club falls to win this year's pennant he hasn't an nlllil. as he has all the players ho needs to Let Samuels & Co. Make Your Spring Suit The price will be less the fabric will be better and the fit will be superior. No adulterated Jabrics here ours are all wool, cut from the full bolt and tailored to your individual measure. ill SP Guaranteed Tailoring For $21.50, $23.50, $26.50, $30, $33.50 v $36.50, $40, $45, $50 The spring fabrics are Here in abundance, ready for you to choose from. Not a bit too early for EASTER clothes preparations. Come in be measured be fitted be satisfied. Spring Hats Here's one of the new ones. Lots of brim this season and a variety of new colorings. You get our best for $3.50 or $4. "Save a Dollar" Tailors and Hatters bring home the flag in the Johnsonian organization. WHAT SWILL GET. Uncle Sam will be one of the leading money makers in the Dempsey-Wilard fight July 4, for in war taxes on the money made by the fighters the U.S. strong box will be considerably enhanced. Out of Willard's $100,000 purse for meeting Jack Dempsey, Uncle Sam will eject $38,000 as his share, which is the amount that the U.S. takes out of $100,000 income. In case the U.S. proves that the entire $100,000 of Jess is subject to a surtax, it will be more than $135,000, leaving Willard only about $86,000 for meeting Dempsey, which was but little more than what he received for meeting Frank Moran in a 10-round no-declaration bout. Jack Dempsey, out of his $127,500, will have to give Uncle Sam a neat slice. Then think of the war taxes that the fight fans will have to pay. Those who occupy the best seats, which will cost $150, will have to put 10 percent more onto their $50. Other admissions will also be increased by a 10 percent war tax. Look like Uncle Sam is going to make more money out of the big bout than anybody else. Pave Robertson says he'll never be happy until he is traded by the Giant to Washington, but as several National league teams have refused to waive on Dave, the chances are against Hobby ever getting out of the old league. John McGraw, manager of the Giants, felt at the club owner and discovered that they all wanted Dave, so the American league will have no chance to get the fleet-footed, hard-hitting outfielder, just yet anyway. FREAK HOMERS. During the winter league season, many yarn about freak play on the diamond came up, and a day or two ago we read one where a player hit the ball stuck on a protruding nail while the batter raced around for a homer. This little story brought to mind an incident which happened at Nashville one day while the Chicks were there. The sacks were populated and the Tribe was two runs behind. Bris Lord was at bat. The Vol pitcher would have walked Bris as usual, only for the fact that the sacks were full and there was nothing else to do but let him hit. The right field fence I held up by some stables. Lord took a couple of cuts at the ball, and on the third pitch he met the pellet squarely and away toward the field it went. The ball looked good to hit the wall and dropped back, but as fate would have it, the sphere struck one of the stables squarely on top and bounced over the fence into Fifth avenue. The homer won the game for the Chicks and made the Vol pitcher lose his religion. Matty and Hal Chase have buried the hatchet. But not where they would like to have buried it. ED SAYS PAL WON. Ed W. Smith, who refereed the Pal Moore-Franklin Mason fight at South Bend, Ind., Monday night. The Pal was the victor, and that while he was tired from his long ride on the train from Pittsburgh, he had a big man on the man. This is Pal's last engagement before meeting Pete Herman here, and he is expected any time now to arrive and begin stiff training to meet the bantam champion March 24. BARTFIELD'S NEW YORK. Soldier Bartfield, who met Mike Olbourn the other night in Minneapolis, where he was pretty badly used up by the St. Paul phantom, tells this little story about the odds of human nature and the oig-neaters of some fight fans. The Wilder says no use on Minnesota short to bet his money that he would stay to rounds with Olbourn. Accordingly, the sport laid down his pile on what Bartfield had told him. After the fight, Bartfield was surprised when the sport he told to meet on him rushed onto him, almost embraced him and told him that he had won $300 on Bartfield's tip. Then the fan thrust a crisp in his hand and said impulsively, "Hint's for yourself." Bartfield thrust the bill into his pocket and when he got to his hotel, he looked at it. It was a new one-dollar bill. The Soldier says he is going to have it framed. ASSOCIATE AMATEURS JUNIOR SOCCER LEAGUE SCHEDULE SATURDAY. 9:00 Virginian vs. Hodge. 10:00 Calhouns vs. Coopers. If the weather is at all favorable to morrow the Junior league will continue Its schedule by playing last week's postponed games. GALA FIVE IN SECOND. TOLEPO, Ohio, March 14 - The Gala five of Klyria, Ohio, went into second place in the American Bowling tournament standings here last night with a team count of 2,807. The Blyria had 673 in their first game, 72 in the second and 661 in the final. The C. H. was the only team on the late shift last night to enter the list of first ten. MIKE BRADY LEAVES. ST. LOUIS, Fla., March 14. Mike Brady, of Boston, with 147 for a hole, led at the close of the first day of the professional tournament for the open championship of Florida here yesterday. Thomas Boyd, of Hill, was tied for second place with 160. COLONELS GET TWO. LOUISVILLE, Ky., March 14. The Louisville American Association club has obtained infielder Bruno Botel and Pitcher Frank Pavls from the St. Louis National League club in exchange for Catcher Vernon demons, according to announcement by Wm. Neale, business manager of the Louisville club. Read News Scimitar Wants. NEW WETERWHIGHT STAR LOOMS; HAMS FROM WAR-TORN RUSSIA WALTER LAURETTE There's another welterweight fighter now knocking for admittance to the calcium light which has been hogged for the past few moons by Ted Lewis, Jack Br. Litton, Johnny Griffiths, Soldier Bartfield and one or two others. This chap is Walter Laurette. Laurette is a New York lad. He recently received his discharge from the merchant marine service where he saw eight months' duty helping convey us. He has been running up his boxing by donating his services in hospitals for the entertainment of wounded and crippled war heroes. Walter was ready to "break through the crust with which he entered the service." He is a real scientific boxer and in addition carries around always, un-nerved, a terrific kick in both hands. The boy's career is interesting. He was born near Kiga, Livonia, and is a Lithuanian. He came to New York with his parents when he was thirteen. He began boxing four years ago at the West Side A.C., in New York, which, with the Polo A., C., boasts of turning out many champions. The veteran Art Devlin "has begun work with his baseball squad at Fordham college and is making good as a coach, according to all accounts. The last of Charley Comiskey's shipyard crew was lined up when Pitcher Claude Williams signed his contract last week. All has been forgiven and the Old Roman is doing a lot of forgetting. The Boston Red Sox last week released George Whiteman back to Toronto, from which club he was obtained by a deal made through Louisville, thus passes another world's series hero" from the brief limelight. The St. Louis Cardinals may not be flush with money, but they believe in advertising. President Rickey promoted and financed a bowling team known as the cardinal in the tournament held at Toledo. The New York American league club has released Pitchers Bill Piercey and Day Vance to Sacramento, of the Pacific Coast league. That must cut Hughes' list of twirlers down to about 20 at the most. The Yankees, with Baker and Pratt both deciding not to play, are making efforts on infielders, and Manager Muggins announces that he is... Has purchased Eddie Movers from Richmond, of the Virginia league. Jim Vaughn, persistent and pronounced holdout of the Chicago Cubs, was one of the first of the early birds to get started to work. He has gone to Hot Springs to tune up. Thus it is with the "persistent" holdout. Tris Speaker gradually is gathering his friends about him on the Cleveland team, and the Indians begin to look much like the old Red Sox. The former Boston players now include Speaker Wood, Nunamaker, Thomas, and Gardner. Even Everett Scott, who was supposed to be most peaceably inclined, has joined the holdout hand of the Boston Red Sox and refused to sign a contract until President Harry Fraseo agrees to come across with something or other for the whole team. Dick Hoblitzel was not downcast over his release by the Boston Red Sox, as it was not his plan, it is stated, to return to baseball. He may continue in army service as a dentist or seek his release and practice his arts upon a civilian population. One thing we will not be bothered with this soring, and that is the story that Zack Wheat will quit baseball and stick to the Missouri stock farm. Wheat and the Brooklyn club have already agreed to terms. It took them until the first of May last year to get together. The Michigan Circuit BY W. H. GOCHER. In the days when a 2:20 performer was a champion on a half-mile track, Splan, Turner, Mace, Van Ness, and Hickok usually opened the season with a trip through the Michigan circuit arranging their routes so that they would be ready for the word when the bell rang on the mile tracks in Chicago. Splan's or Detroit. Such grand old warriors as Hannis, Charley Ford, Bonesetter, Voltaire, and Darby left the imprint of their shoes on the Michigan courses and at times when the conditions were favorable and the odds right, there were a number of spirited contests between them. When they passed, others followed while the Michigan circuit continued to flourish from year to year, the rate of speed dropping gradually to 1:30 with the advent of the bike sulky in 1892 until at the present time a 2:10 performer is considered an every day affair in the faster classes. Among the present-day reinsman who have cut a wide swath in the Michigan circuit during the past two years, the Canadian reinsman Vic Fleming is the leader, the returns for both years placing him at the top of the list of winning drivers. Of the horses he has raced Billy Brino, 2:08 1-4; Mussell Shell, 2:06 1-4; Battle King, 2:03 1-4; Pustless McKinney, 2:08 1-4; Jack Johnson, 2:10 1-4; Sunday Evening, 2:13 1-4 and Daisy at Law, 2:12 1-4 have been the most successful white last year he also found time to make a sweep through the Orange County. circuit and win a race at each town with the trotter Oro G., 2:11 1-4. Fleming is now getting ready for another trip through the Michigan circuit, which will this year open at Dexter Park, Detroit, June 9, and continue until October 4, when the last meeting of the year will close at Mt. Clemens, after making stops at Bay City, Port Huron, Saginaw, Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids, and Jackson, while dates have also been assigned to the two-mile tracks at Cleveland and Toledo in Illinois. JIM FLYNN DENIES. OAKLAND, Cal., March 14 — James Flynn, who fought Jack Johnson at Las Vegas, N.M., July 4, 1912, denied here yesterday that the La Vega fight had been arranged so that Flynn would be returned the winner. Flynn's denial followed the publication here of a report that the winner of the Las Vegas fight had been picked before the fight began. CLIFF MARKLE LET OUT. NEW YORK, March 14 — Markle, pitcher, has been released in the Salt Lake City team of the Pacific Coast league by the New York Americans, it was announced. Markle has not played with the Yankees since it did the club had retained an option on his services. Markle is in the army and was captured by the Huns shortly after he arrived at the front. SHARPE COACHES YALE. NEW HAVEN, Conn., March 14 — The appointment of Al Sharpe, Cornell University athletic coach to be football coach for Yale, was announced in the Yale Alumni weekly today. Mathewa On busy week for Christy First he got his release John Ruskin Remember the name it means "fine cigar, low in price. I. Samelson & Co. Memphis, Distributors from the army, then the Cincinnati club handed him another release, after which he tied himself up again with the New York Giants as assistant manager, just a most people in the known expected him to do, and as had been arranged for two years ago when he left McGraw to take a stab at managing the Reds. McGraw is quoted as saying that Matty will be the actual manager of the team within a year or two, as he expects his own duties as magnate will require all his attention. ARMY GRID SCHEDULE. WEST POTNT. N. Y., March 14. The Army football schedule, made public here today, shows clearly the cadet's plan for a restoration of the gridiron on a pre-war basis next autumn. Ten contests are listed with the opening game set for the last Saturday in September and the schedule will close with the struggle against the Navy at the Polo Grounds, New York City, on November 29. Only one intersectional game appears upon the 1919 schedule, Notre Dame playing here on November 1. The complete list of games follows: Middlebury, September 27; Holy Cross, October 4; Syracuse University, October 11; Maine, October 18; Boston, College, October 25; Tufts, November 1; Notre Dame, November 8; Villa Nova, November 15; Springfield, November 22; Navy, November 29. The Cigar Supreme The mildest, most fragrant tobacco grown is used in making Flor de Melba. The Cigar Supreme. They're quite a bit better than others and Incomparable for mildness. A few smoked today will convince you that Flor de MELBA is the cigar supreme. CORONA or SELECTED STRAIGHT LEWIS CIGAR MFG. CO. NEWARK, N. J. Lincoln Independent Cloth FiclofT la The World I. SAMELSON & CO. Distributors Memphis Haberdashery of Distinction PUTZEL & CO. Fo4yHoMl BuiltiMf Style Headquarters 55 S. Main St. Floyd's Old Stand "Whatever Price You Pay $10 Is What You Save" Trivers Clothes Have The Gall Therms A Reason! Spring Models Ready! Our returning soldiers and sailors are coming to their TRIVERS -SHOP for their new Spring Suit of civilians. The reason for Trivers prefer ence of all clothing shops is the fact that "Old Reliability" stands well to the front. The Boys knew this truth before they went away to "do their bit" and they know its good policy to come again instead of taking any "short-cuts" to so called satisfaction. Trivers Clothes are better value today than many clothes at twice their price. Reasons Galore foresighted buying of finest woolens our policy of selling direct from maker to wearer. The largest volume of men's clothing business in America and again we say at prices that cannot be duplicated at wholesale. Factory 801.907 Broadway, N. Y. City Branch Stores la 19 Cities J V.
| 46,353 |
https://github.com/komeiji-satori/php_facedetect/blob/master/facedetect.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,019 |
php_facedetect
|
komeiji-satori
|
PHP
|
Code
| 189 | 544 |
<?php
function facedetect($input = '', $output = '', $type = 0) {
if ($type == 0) {
$result = shell_exec('facedetect ' . $input);
$result = explode(' ', $result);
$face_count = count($result) / 4;
if ($face_count < 1) {
return ['status' => 404, 'msg' => 'Face Not Found'];
} else {
$location = array_chunk($result, 4);
for ($i = 0; $i < count($location); $i++) {
for ($v = 0; $v < count($location[$i]); $v++) {
$location[$i][$v] = intval(str_replace(PHP_EOL, '', $location[$i][$v]));
}
}
return [
'status' => 200,
'result' => [
'face_count' => $face_count,
'location' => $location,
],
];
}
} else {
$result = shell_exec('facedetect ' . $input . ' -o ' . $output);
$result = explode(' ', $result);
$face_count = count($result) / 4;
if ($face_count < 1) {
return ['status' => 404, 'msg' => 'Face Not Found'];
} else {
$location = array_chunk($result, 4);
for ($i = 0; $i < count($location); $i++) {
for ($v = 0; $v < count($location[$i]); $v++) {
$location[$i][$v] = intval(str_replace(PHP_EOL, '', $location[$i][$v]));
}
}
return [
'status' => 200,
'result' => [
'face_count' => $face_count,
'location' => $location,
'output' => $output,
],
];
}
}
}
| 7,488 |
5612980_1
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
| 388 | 516 |
Luke, J.
The motion of counsel for the plaintiff in error to amend the bill of exceptions by making Mrs. Sallie May Woodruff a party thereto is granted, and the motion of counsel for the defendant in error to dismiss the bill of exceptions is denied.
*353On April 16, 1917, Loganville Banking Company obtained judgment for a large sum of money against S. N. Forrester. On August 31, 1917, a fi. fa. was issued thereon, and on September 1, 1917, the sheriff levied the fi. fa. on certain land as property of the defendant in fi. fa. On September 22, 1917, J. C. Brodnax, as trustee for Forrester, filed a claim to a portion of this land, and the fi. fa. and the claim were returned to the superior court of Walton county for trial. Subsequently, on February 16, 1913, Loganville Banking Company, in consideration of the full amount of principal, interest, and attorneys’ fees and costs, transferred and assigned in writing to Sallie May Woodruff the fi. fa. and the judgment on which it was based, “without any recourse on us whatsoever.” This transfer was not under seal, while the claim bond was under seal. At the August term, 1919, of Walton superior court, Loganville Banking Company tendered issue, claiming it was entitled to proceed for damages against the claimant and his security, alleging that the claimant had abandoned his claim, and that his claim was filed for delay only. The claimant and the other defendants joined issue. At this stage of the proceedings Sallie May Woodruff moved the court to make her a party plaintiff in the case, on the ground that she was the sole owner of the fi. fa., and that the fi. fa. should proceed for her use as transferee. Over objection of counsel for Loganville Banking Company the court made her a party plaintiff. The court ruled also that Loganville Banking Company had by the above-mentioned. transfer assigned any and all rights that it had for' damages for delay, and passed an order eliminating the Loganville Banking Company from the case, and ordered that the case proceed in the name of the Loganville Banking Company for the use of Sallie May Woodruff as transferee. To these , rulings the Loganville Banking Company excepted. Judgment affirmed.
Broyles, G. J., and Bloodworth, J., concur.
| 46,294 |
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Мауриха
|
https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Мауриха&action=history
|
Russian
|
Spoken
| 156 | 454 |
Мауриха — деревня в Юрьевецком районе Ивановской области России. Входит в состав Михайловского сельского поселения.
География
Деревня расположена в северо-восточной части Ивановской области, в зоне хвойно-широколиственных лесов, на левом берегу реки Ёлнати, вблизи места впадения её в реку Волгу, к востоку от автодороги , на расстоянии примерно 15 километров (по прямой) к северо-западу от города Юрьевца, административного центра района. Абсолютная высота — 95 метров над уровнем моря.
Климат
Климат характеризуется как умеренно континентальный, с умеренно холодной снежной зимой и относительно тёплым влажным летом. Среднегодовая температура воздуха — 2,6 °C. Средняя температура воздуха самого холодного месяца (января) — −12,1 °C; самого тёплого месяца (июля) — 17,7 °C. Безморозный период длится около 137 дней. Годовое количество атмосферных осадков — 554 мм, из которых 391 мм выпадает в период с апреля по октябрь.
Часовой пояс
Население
Национальный состав
Согласно результатам переписи 2002 года, в национальной структуре населения русские составляли 100 % из 11 чел.
Примечания
Населённые пункты Юрьевецкого района
| 47,986 |
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Judson
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
North Judson
|
https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North Judson&action=history
|
Catalan
|
Spoken
| 271 | 500 |
North Judson és una població dels Estats Units a l'estat d'Indiana. Segons el cens del 2000 tenia una població de 1.675 habitants.
Demografia
Segons el cens del 2000, North Judson tenia 1.675 habitants, 648 habitatges, i 425 famílies. La densitat de població era de 703 habitants/km².
Dels 648 habitatges en un 34,7% hi vivien nens de menys de 18 anys, en un 49,7% hi vivien parelles casades, en un 12,3% dones solteres, i en un 34,4% no eren unitats familiars. En el 31,5% dels habitatges hi vivien persones soles el 15,9% de les quals corresponia a persones de 65 anys o més que vivien soles. El nombre mitjà de persones vivint en cada habitatge era de 2,58 i el nombre mitjà de persones que vivien en cada família era de 3,27.
Per edats la població es repartia de la següent manera: un 31,1% tenia menys de 18 anys, un 8,1% entre 18 i 24, un 29% entre 25 i 44, un 16,2% de 45 a 60 i un 15,6% 65 anys o més.
L'edat mediana era de 33 anys. Per cada 100 dones de 18 o més anys hi havia 86,4 homes.
La renda mediana per habitatge era de 29.779 $ i la renda mediana per família de 39.792 $. Els homes tenien una renda mediana de 31.071 $ mentre que les dones 21.467 $. La renda per capita de la població era de 13.052 $. Entorn del 10,5% de les famílies i el 12,7% de la població estaven per davall del llindar de pobresa.
Poblacions més properes
El següent diagrama mostra les poblacions més properes.
Referències
Entitats de població d'Indiana
| 46,569 |
https://github.com/project-renard-survey/cocoda/blob/master/src/providers/occurrences-api-provider.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
cocoda
|
project-renard-survey
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 422 | 1,183 |
import jskos from "jskos-tools"
import _ from "lodash"
import BaseProvider from "./base-provider"
/**
* For APIs that provide occurrences in JSKOS format.
*/
class OccurrencesApiProvider extends BaseProvider {
constructor(...params) {
super(...params)
this.occurrencesCache = []
this.has.occurrences = true
}
occurrencesIsSupported(scheme) {
let promise
if (this.occurrencesSupportedSchemes && this.occurrencesSupportedSchemes.length) {
promise = Promise.resolve(this.occurrencesSupportedSchemes)
} else {
// Load supported schemes from API
promise = this.http.get(this.registry.occurrences + "voc").then(response => {
this.occurrencesSupportedSchemes = _.get(response, "data", [])
return this.occurrencesSupportedSchemes
}).catch(() => {
// Set to empty list, will try to load again on next request.
this.occurrencesSupportedSchemes = []
return this.occurrencesSupportedSchemes
})
}
return promise.then(supportedSchemes => {
let supported = false
for (let supportedScheme of supportedSchemes) {
if (jskos.compare(scheme, supportedScheme)) {
supported = true
}
}
return supported
})
}
/**
* Returns a Promise with a list of occurrences.
*/
_getOccurrences({ from, to, concepts }) {
let promises = []
concepts = (concepts || []).concat([from, to])
for (let concept of concepts) {
promises.push(this.occurrencesIsSupported(_.get(concept, "inScheme[0]")).then(supported => {
if (supported && concept.uri) {
return concept.uri
} else {
return null
}
}))
}
return Promise.all(promises).then(uris => {
uris = uris.filter(uri => uri != null)
if (uris.length == 0) {
return []
}
let promises = []
for (let uri of uris) {
promises.push(this.__getOccurrences({
params: {
member: uri,
scheme: "*",
threshold: 5,
},
}).catch(() => {
return []
}))
}
// Another request for co-occurrences between two specific concepts
if (uris.length > 1) {
let urisString = uris.join(" ")
promises.push(this.__getOccurrences({
params: {
member: urisString,
threshold: 5,
},
}).catch(() => {
return []
}))
}
return Promise.all(promises)
}).then(results => {
let occurrences = _.concat([], ...results)
// Filter duplicates
let existingUris = []
let indexesToDelete = []
for (let i = 0; i < occurrences.length; i += 1) {
let occurrence = occurrences[i]
if (!occurrence) {
continue
}
let uris = occurrence.memberSet.reduce((total, current) => total.concat(current.uri), []).sort().join(" ")
if (existingUris.includes(uris)) {
indexesToDelete.push(i)
} else {
existingUris.push(uris)
}
}
indexesToDelete.forEach(value => {
delete occurrences[value]
})
// Filter null values
occurrences = occurrences.filter(o => o != null)
// Sort occurrences
return occurrences.sort((a, b) => parseInt(b.count || 0) - parseInt(a.count || 0))
}).catch(error => {
console.error("Occurrences Error:", error)
return []
})
}
/**
* Internal function for getOccurrences that either makes an API request or uses a local cache.
*
* @param {*} params
*/
__getOccurrences(options) {
// Use local cache.
let resultsFromCache = this.occurrencesCache.find(item => {
return _.isEqual(item.options.params, options.params)
})
if (resultsFromCache) {
return Promise.resolve(resultsFromCache.data)
}
return this.get(this.registry.occurrences, options).then(data => {
this.occurrencesCache.push({
options,
data,
})
return data
})
}
}
OccurrencesApiProvider.providerName = "OccurrencesApi"
export default OccurrencesApiProvider
| 18,951 |
https://github.com/cccaaannn/useful_functions/blob/master/00-modules/external_modules/opengl/1/2d_shapes.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,023 |
useful_functions
|
cccaaannn
|
Python
|
Code
| 193 | 769 |
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
def line():
glBegin(GL_LINES)
glVertex2f(1,1.5)
glVertex2f(-1,1.5)
glEnd()
def triangle():
glBegin(GL_LINES)
glVertex2f(1,1)
glVertex2f(-1,1)
glVertex2f(1,1)
glVertex2f(1,-1)
glVertex2f(-1,1)
glVertex2f(1,-1)
glEnd()
def triangle2():
glBegin(GL_LINES)
glVertex2f(1,1)
glVertex2f(-1,1)
glVertex2f(1,1)
glVertex2f(0,0)
glVertex2f(-1,1)
glVertex2f(0,0)
glEnd()
# square
corners = [
[1,1],
[1,-1],
[-1,-1],
[-1,1]
]
edges = [
[0,1],
[1,2],
[2,3],
[3,0]
]
# hexagon
# corners = [
# [-1,2],
# [-2,0],
# [-1,-2],
# [1,-2],
# [2,0],
# [1,2]
# ]
# edges = [
# [0,1],
# [1,2],
# [2,3],
# [3,4],
# [4,5],
# [5,0]
# ]
def draw2d():
glBegin(GL_LINES)
for edge in edges:
for corner in edge:
glVertex2fv(corners[corner]) # there is a v at the end of the function because we are pasing array ex:[0,1]
glEnd()
# pygame setup
pygame.init()
display = (900, 700)
pygame.display.set_mode(display, DOUBLEBUF|OPENGL)
# camera setup
gluPerspective(45, (display[0]/display[1]), 0.1, 50.0)
glTranslatef(0.0,0.0, -5)
# frame loop
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
quit()
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) # clear opengl buffer on every frame
# drawing functions
line()
draw2d()
# pygame.display.update()
pygame.display.flip() # this has to be filp instead of update for opengl
pygame.time.wait(10) # limit the frame rate
| 1,238 |
https://github.com/NIKEA-SOFT/HelenaSystems/blob/master/ECSManager/ECSManager.ipp
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
HelenaSystems
|
NIKEA-SOFT
|
C++
|
Code
| 1,214 | 4,714 |
#ifndef HELENA_SYSTEMS_ECSMANAGER_IPP
#define HELENA_SYSTEMS_ECSMANAGER_IPP
#include "ECSManager.hpp"
#include <Helena/Engine/Engine.hpp>
#include <Helena/Traits/IntegralConstant.hpp>
namespace Helena::Systems
{
inline ECSManager::~ECSManager() {
Clear();
}
[[nodiscard]] inline auto ECSManager::CreateEntity() -> Entity
{
const auto entity = m_Registry.create();
Engine::SignalEvent<Events::ECSManager::CreateEntity>(entity);
return entity;
}
template <typename Type, typename>
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::CreateEntity(const Type id) -> Entity
{
HELENA_ASSERT(!HasEntity(static_cast<const Entity>(id)), "Entity {} is already exist", id);
const auto entity = m_Registry.create(static_cast<const entt::entity>(id));
Engine::SignalEvent<Events::ECSManager::CreateEntity>(entity);
return entity;
}
template<typename It>
auto ECSManager::CreateEntity(It first, It last) -> void
{
m_Registry.create(first, last);
for(; first != last; ++first) {
Engine::SignalEvent<Events::ECSManager::CreateEntity>(*first);
}
}
[[nodiscard]] inline auto ECSManager::HasEntity(const Entity id) const -> bool {
return m_Registry.valid(id);
}
[[nodiscard]] inline auto ECSManager::SizeEntity() const noexcept -> std::size_t {
return m_Registry.size();
}
[[nodiscard]] inline auto ECSManager::AliveEntity() const -> std::size_t {
return m_Registry.alive();
}
inline auto ECSManager::ReserveEntity(const std::size_t size) -> void {
m_Registry.reserve(size);
}
inline auto ECSManager::RemoveEntity(const Entity id) -> void
{
HELENA_ASSERT(HasEntity(id), "Entity {} is not valid", id);
Engine::SignalEvent<Events::ECSManager::RemoveEntity>(id);
m_Registry.destroy(id);
}
template<typename It>
auto ECSManager::RemoveEntity(It first, It last) -> void
{
for(; first != last; ++first) {
HELENA_ASSERT(HasEntity(*first), "Entity {} is not valid", *first);
Engine::SignalEvent<Events::ECSManager::RemoveEntity>(*first);
m_Registry.destroy(*first);
}
}
template <typename Type, typename>
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::Cast(const Type id) noexcept {
static_assert(std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Type>, Type>, "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
return static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Entity>>(id);
}
[[nodiscard]] inline auto ECSManager::Cast(const Entity id) noexcept {
return entt::to_integral(id);
}
template <typename Func>
auto ECSManager::Each(Func&& callback) const -> void {
static_assert(std::is_invocable_v<Func>, "Callback is not a callable type");
m_Registry.each(std::forward<Func>(callback));
}
template <typename Func>
auto ECSManager::EachOrphans(Func&& callback) const -> void {
static_assert(std::is_invocable_v<Func>, "Callback is not a callable type");
m_Registry.orphans(std::forward<Func>(callback));
}
// Components
template <typename Component, typename... Args>
auto ECSManager::AddComponent(const Entity id, Args&&... args) -> decltype(auto)
{
static_assert(std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Component>, Component>, "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
HELENA_ASSERT(HasEntity(id), "Entity {} is not valid", id);
HELENA_ASSERT(!HasComponent<Component>(id), "Entity {}, component {} is already exist", id, Traits::NameOf<Component>::value);
auto& component = m_Registry.emplace<Component>(id, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
Engine::SignalEvent<Events::ECSManager::AddComponent<Component>>(id);
return component;
}
template <typename... Components>
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::GetComponent(const Entity id) -> decltype(auto)
{
static_assert(sizeof...(Components) > 0, "Components pack is empty!");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Components>, Components> && ...), "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
static_assert(((!Traits::IsIntegralConstant<Components>::value) && ...), "This method not support tags!");
HELENA_ASSERT(HasEntity(id), "Entity {} not valid", id);
HELENA_ASSERT(HasComponent<Components...>(id), "Entity id {} one of the components is not exist!", id);
return m_Registry.get<Components...>(id);
}
template <typename... Components>
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::GetComponent(const Entity id) const -> decltype(auto)
{
static_assert(sizeof...(Components) > 0, "Components pack is empty!");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Components>, Components> && ...), "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
static_assert(((!Traits::IsIntegralConstant<Components>::value) && ...), "This method not support tags!");
HELENA_ASSERT(HasEntity(id), "Entity {} not valid", id);
HELENA_ASSERT(HasComponent<Components...>(id), "Entity {} one of the components is not exist!", id);
return m_Registry.get<Components...>(id);
}
template <typename... Components>
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::GetComponentPtr(const Entity id)
{
static_assert(sizeof...(Components) > 0, "Components pack is empty!");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Components>, Components> && ...), "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
static_assert(((!Traits::IsIntegralConstant<Components>::value) && ...), "This method not support tags!");
HELENA_ASSERT(HasEntity(id), "Entity {} not valid", id);
return m_Registry.try_get<Components...>(id);
}
template <typename... Components>
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::GetComponentPtr(const Entity id) const
{
static_assert(sizeof...(Components) > 0, "Components pack is empty!");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Components>, Components> && ...), "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
static_assert(((!Traits::IsIntegralConstant<Components>::value) && ...), "This method not support tags!");
HELENA_ASSERT(HasEntity(id), "Entity id: {} not valid", id);
return m_Registry.try_get<Components...>(id);
}
template <typename... Components>
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::HasComponent(const Entity id) const -> bool
{
static_assert(sizeof...(Components) > 0, "Components pack is empty!");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Components>, Components> && ...), "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
HELENA_ASSERT(HasEntity(id), "Entity {} not valid", id);
return m_Registry.all_of<Components...>(id);
}
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::HasComponent(const Entity id) const -> bool {
return !m_Registry.orphan(id);
}
template <typename... Components>
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::AnyComponent(const Entity id) const -> bool
{
static_assert(sizeof...(Components) > 0, "Components pack is empty!");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Components>, Components> && ...), "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
return m_Registry.any_of<Components...>(id);
}
template <typename Func>
auto ECSManager::VisitComponent(const Entity id, Func&& callback) const -> void
{
static_assert(std::is_invocable_v<Func>, "Callback is not a callable type");
HELENA_ASSERT(HasEntity(id), "Entity id: {} not valid", id);
m_Registry.visit(id, std::forward<Func>(callback));
}
template <typename Func>
auto ECSManager::VisitComponent(Func&& callback) const -> void {
static_assert(std::is_invocable_v<Func>, "Callback is not a callable type");
m_Registry.visit(std::forward<Func>(callback));
}
template <typename... Components, typename... ExcludeFilter>
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::ViewComponent(ExcludeType<ExcludeFilter...>) -> decltype(auto)
{
static_assert(sizeof...(Components) > 0, "Components pack is empty");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Components>, Components> && ...), "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<ExcludeFilter>, ExcludeFilter> && ...), "Exclude type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
return m_Registry.view<Components...>(Exclude<ExcludeFilter...>);
}
template <typename... Components, typename... ExcludeFilter>
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::ViewComponent(ExcludeType<ExcludeFilter...>) const -> decltype(auto)
{
static_assert(sizeof...(Components) > 0, "Components pack is empty");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Components>, Components> && ...), "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<ExcludeFilter>, ExcludeFilter> && ...), "Exclude type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
return m_Registry.view<Components...>(Exclude<ExcludeFilter...>);
}
template <typename... Owned, typename... ExcludeFilter>
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::GroupComponent(ExcludeType<ExcludeFilter...>) -> decltype(auto)
{
static_assert(sizeof...(Owned) > 0, "Exclusion-only groups are not supported");
static_assert(sizeof...(Owned) + sizeof...(ExcludeFilter) > 1, "Single component groups are not allowed");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Owned>, Owned> && ...), "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<ExcludeFilter>, ExcludeFilter> && ...), "Exclude type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
return m_Registry.group<Owned...>(Exclude<ExcludeFilter...>);
}
template <typename... Owned, typename... ExcludeFilter>
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::GroupComponent(ExcludeType<ExcludeFilter...>) const -> decltype(auto)
{
static_assert(sizeof...(Owned) > 0, "Exclusion-only groups are not supported");
static_assert(sizeof...(Owned) + sizeof...(ExcludeFilter) > 1, "Single component groups are not allowed");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Owned>, Owned> && ...), "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<ExcludeFilter>, ExcludeFilter> && ...), "Exclude type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
return m_Registry.group<Owned...>(Exclude<ExcludeFilter...>);
}
template <typename... Owned, typename... GetFilter, typename... ExcludeFilter>
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::GroupComponent(GetType<GetFilter...>, ExcludeType<ExcludeFilter...>) -> decltype(auto)
{
static_assert(sizeof...(Owned) > 0, "Exclusion-only groups are not supported");
static_assert(sizeof...(Owned) + sizeof...(GetFilter) + sizeof...(ExcludeFilter) > 1, "Single component groups are not allowed");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Owned>, Owned> && ...), "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<GetFilter>, GetFilter> && ...), "Get type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<ExcludeFilter>, ExcludeFilter> && ...), "Exclude type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
return m_Registry.group<Owned...>(Get<GetFilter...>, Exclude<ExcludeFilter...>);
}
template <typename... Owned, typename... GetFilter, typename... ExcludeFilter>
[[nodiscard]] auto ECSManager::GroupComponent(GetType<GetFilter...>, ExcludeType<ExcludeFilter...>) const -> decltype(auto) {
static_assert(sizeof...(Owned) + sizeof...(GetFilter) > 0, "Exclusion-only groups are not supported");
static_assert(sizeof...(Owned) + sizeof...(GetFilter) + sizeof...(ExcludeFilter) > 1, "Single component groups are not allowed");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Owned>, Owned> && ...), "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<GetFilter>, GetFilter> && ...), "Get type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<ExcludeFilter>, ExcludeFilter> && ...), "Exclude type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
return m_Registry.group<Owned...>(Get<GetFilter...>, Exclude<ExcludeFilter...>);
}
template <typename... Components>
auto ECSManager::RemoveComponent(const Entity id) -> void
{
static_assert(sizeof...(Components) > 0, "Components pack is empty");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Components>, Components> && ...), "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
HELENA_ASSERT(HasEntity(id), "Entity {} is not valid", id);
if constexpr (sizeof...(Components) == 1) {
HELENA_ASSERT(HasComponent<Components...>(id), "Entity {}, component {} is not exist", id, Traits::NameOf<Components...>::value);
if(HasComponent<Components...>(id)) {
Engine::SignalEvent<Events::ECSManager::RemoveComponent<Components...>>(id);
m_Registry.remove<Components...>(id);
}
} else {
(RemoveComponent<Components>(id), ...);
}
}
template <typename... Components, typename It>
auto ECSManager::RemoveComponent(It first, It last) -> void {
static_assert(sizeof...(Components) > 0, "Components pack is empty");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Components>, Components> && ...), "Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
for(; first != last; ++first) {
RemoveComponent<Components...>(*first);
}
}
template <typename... Components>
auto ECSManager::ClearComponent() -> void {
static_assert(sizeof...(Components) > 0, "Components pack is empty");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Components>, Components> && ...),
"Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
if constexpr (sizeof...(Components) == 1) {
const auto view = m_Registry.view<Components...>();
RemoveComponent<Components...>(view.begin(), view.end());
} else {
(ClearComponent<Components>, ...);
}
}
inline auto ECSManager::Clear() -> void
{
m_Registry.each([this](const auto id) {
RemoveEntity(id);
});
}
template <typename Component>
auto ECSManager::SizeComponent() const -> std::size_t {
static_assert(std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Component>, Component>,
"Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
return m_Registry.size<Component>();
}
template <typename... Components>
auto ECSManager::ReserveComponent(const std::size_t size) -> void {
static_assert(sizeof...(Components) > 0, "Components pack is empty");
static_assert((std::is_same_v<Traits::RemoveCVRefPtr<Components>, Components> && ...),
"Component type cannot be const/ptr/ref");
m_Registry.reserve<Components...>(size);
}
namespace Helena::Hash
{
template <>
struct Hasher<entt::id_type> {
std::size_t operator()(const entt::id_type key) const noexcept {
return static_cast<std::size_t>(key);
}
};
template <>
struct Equaler<entt::id_type> {
bool operator()(const entt::id_type lhs, const entt::id_type rhs) const noexcept {
return lhs == rhs;
}
};
}
namespace entt
{
template <typename Type>
struct ENTT_API type_seq<Type>
{
[[nodiscard]] inline static id_type value() {
static const auto value = Helena::Engine::GetSystem<Helena::Systems::ECSManager>().GetSequenceIndex(Helena::Hash::Get<Type>());
return value;
}
};
}
}
#endif // HELENA_SYSTEMS_ECSMANAGER_IPP
| 40,859 |
https://github.com/vDurand/back-end-template/blob/master/src/config/index.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| null |
back-end-template
|
vDurand
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 8 | 29 |
module.exports = {
server: require('config/server'),
token: require('config/token')
}
| 7,341 |
https://github.com/syslogg/contact_system/blob/master/Business/PersonBusiness.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
contact_system
|
syslogg
|
C#
|
Code
| 120 | 381 |
using Business.Interfaces;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Domain.Entities;
using Repository;
using Repository.Interfaces;
using Business.Exceptions;
namespace Business
{
public class PersonBusiness : IPersonBusiness
{
private IUnitOfWork _uow = null;
public PersonBusiness()
{
this._uow = new UnitOfWork();
}
public PersonBusiness(IUnitOfWork uow)
{
this. _uow = uow;
}
public Person Insert(Person entity)
{
try
{
var entityReturn = _uow.PersonRepository.Add(entity);
_uow.Commit();
return entityReturn;
}
catch(Exception e)
{
throw new BusinessException(e.Message);
}
}
public Person GetById(int id)
{
try
{
return _uow.PersonRepository.Get(id);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new BusinessException(ex.Message);
}
}
public bool Update(Person entity)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public IList<Person> ListAll()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public void Dispose()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
}
| 2,962 |
https://github.com/kalliope-project/kalliope-app/blob/master/kalliope/src/pages/orders/orders.component.ts
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,018 |
kalliope-app
|
kalliope-project
|
TypeScript
|
Code
| 434 | 1,207 |
import {SettingsPage} from './../settings/settings.component';
import {NewOrderPage} from './../NewOrder/NewOrder.component';
import {ChatPage} from './../chat/chat.component';
import {OrdersService} from './orders.service';
import {SettingsService} from './../settings/settings.service';
import {Settings} from './../settings/settings';
import {Component} from '@angular/core';
import {
ActionSheetController,
App,
MenuController,
ModalController,
NavController
} from 'ionic-angular';
/**
* Component and Behaviour of the Order page
* @class OrdersPage
*/
@Component({
selector: 'page-orders',
templateUrl: 'orders.html'
})
export class OrdersPage {
settings: Settings;
orders: string[];
nav: NavController;
/**
* @constructor
* @param public navCtrl {NavController}
* @param public settingsService {SettingsService} The service to handle settings
* @param public modalCtrl {ModalController} Controller to manage the Modal
* @param public menu {MenuController} Controller to manage the Menu
* @param private app {App}
* @param private ordersService {OrdersService} Service for orders
* @param public actionSheetCtrl {ActionSheetController} Controller to manage ActionSheet
*/
constructor(public navCtrl: NavController,
public settingsService: SettingsService,
public modalCtrl: ModalController,
public menu: MenuController,
private app: App,
private ordersService: OrdersService,
public actionSheetCtrl: ActionSheetController) {
// load settings from storage
this.settings = settingsService.getDefaultSettings();
if (this.settings == null) {
console.log("Settings not loaded. Redirect to settings page");
this.navCtrl.push(SettingsPage);
} else {
console.log("Settings loaded. Url: " + this.settings.url);
}
// load orders
this.refreshOrders();
}
/**
* Execute the given order
* @param order {string} the order to execute.
*/
executeOrder(order: string) {
/**
* Execute the order on kalliope
*/
this.navCtrl.push(ChatPage, {
orderFromOrderPage: order
});
}
/**
* Add a new order into the orders list.
*/
addNewOrder() {
let modalNewOrder = this.modalCtrl.create(NewOrderPage);
modalNewOrder.present();
modalNewOrder.onDidDismiss(data => this.refreshOrders())
}
/**
* Refresh the orders list.
*/
refreshOrders() {
this.orders = this.ordersService.loadOrders()
if (this.orders == null) {
this.orders = [];
}
}
/**
* UI Component to let the user 'Play, Edit, Delete, Cancel' a given order.
* @param order {string} the given order.
*/
presentActionSheet(order: string) {
let actionSheet = this.actionSheetCtrl.create({
title: order,
buttons: [
{
text: 'Play',
icon: 'play',
handler: () => {
this.executeOrder(order);
}
},
{
text: 'Edit',
icon: 'hammer',
handler: () => {
this.updateOrder(order);
}
},
{
text: 'Delete',
role: 'destructive',
icon: 'trash',
handler: () => {
this.deleteOrder(order);
}
},
{
text: 'Cancel',
role: 'cancel', // will always sort to be on the bottom
icon: 'close',
handler: () => {
console.log('Cancel clicked');
}
}
]
});
actionSheet.present();
}
/**
* Delete an order.
* @param order {string} the given order to delete
*/
deleteOrder(order: string) {
// delete the order
var index = this.orders.indexOf(order, 0);
if (index > -1) {
this.orders.splice(index, 1);
}
// save the new list
this.ordersService.saveOrders(this.orders);
}
/**
* Update an order
* @param order {string} the given order to update.
*/
updateOrder(order: string) {
let modalNewOrder = this.modalCtrl.create(NewOrderPage, {orderToUpdate: order});
modalNewOrder.present();
modalNewOrder.onDidDismiss(data => this.refreshOrders())
}
}
| 6,399 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club%20Deportivo%20Universidad%20Cat%C3%B3lica%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Club Deportivo Universidad Católica (disambiguation)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Club Deportivo Universidad Católica (disambiguation)&action=history
|
English
|
Spoken
| 51 | 96 |
Club Deportivo Universidad Católica is a football club based in Santiago, Chile.
Club Deportivo Universidad Católica may also refer to:
Club Deportivo Universidad Católica (multi-sports club), parent organization of the Chilean football club
Club Deportivo Universidad Católica del Ecuador, a football club based in Quito, Ecuador
See also
Universidad Católica (disambiguation)
| 43,664 |
manualhistorico00bleegoog_20
|
English-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,882 |
Manual of historico-critical introduction to the canonical scriptures of the Old Testament
|
Keil, Karl Friedrich, 1807-1888 | Douglas, George C. M. (George Cunninghame Monteath), 1826-1904 | Bleek, Friedrich, 1793-1859. Einleitung in das Alte Testament
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,568 | 12,089 |
The first thorough investigation of the nature and condition of its text that has been furnished to us in modern times, has taught us that the most of its peculiar readings consist of grammatical con- jectures, glosses and additions from parallel passages which have been received into the text, conjectures of a grammatical and of a historical kind with the view of removing difficulties or presenting explanations, Samaritanisms in the language, and changes in accordance with the peculiar dogmas and ordinances of the Samaritans (Deut. xxvii. 4) ; and that scarcely one genuine critical various reading can be found in it (7). (6) By Jo. Morinus, Exercit. iv. ; L. Cappellus, Lc. p. 480 sqq. ; Houbiganty Prolegom. in Scripturam s., Parisiis 1746, 4to ; Kennicott, Lc; Alex, a St. Aquilino, Pentateuchi Hebr. Sam. prsestantia, etc., Heidelberg 1783 ; Lobstein, Codex Samar. Paris., Francofurti a. M. 1781 ; Alex. Geddes, in Vaters Commentary ; De Rossi, praef. ad varisB lectt. § 26; Bertholdt, Einl. p. 474; and others. — Others acknowledged, indeed, the uncritical nature and condition of the Samaritan text in general, and yet believed that there were to be found in it not a few genuine readings which were preferable to the Masoretic text: so Rich. Simon, Lc. lib. i. c. 11, 12; Walton, Pro- legg. xi. 17, 18 ; Clericus, in his Commentary on the Pentateuch ; Atichaelis, orient. Biblioth. xxi. p. 177 ff., xxii. p. 185 ff. ; Eichhorn, Einl. ii. § 389 ; John, Einl. i. p. 418 f. (7) See the proofs in Gesenius, Lc. p. 24 sqq., and Frankel, ibid. Even the few various readings which Gesenius, p. 61 sq., attempts to make out as manifesting their own genuineness do not stand the test. So that the old defenders of the integrity of the Masoretic text against the Samaritan have been in the right : as Sim. de Muis, Assertio veri- tatis Hebraic® (against Morinus), Parisiis 1631 ; Hottinger, exercitatt. anti-Morinianae, Tiguri 1644; Steph. Morinus, de lingua primseva, p. 200 ; Jo. Buxtorfj Anticrit. ii. c. 7 ; Fullef^ Miscellan. sacr. iv. 4 ; Leusden, Philol. Ebr. mixt., dissert. 8; Pfeiffer, crit. sacr. c. 9; Carpzov, crit. sacr. p. 610 ; Seb. Rau, Exercitt. philpl. in Houbigant., Prolegg., Lugduni Batavorum 1755, 4 to. [This is also v«ry much the view of Bleek, pp. 748-9, who refers to his opinions as expressed more fully in RosenmiLller, Repert. i. pp. 62-79. He thinks " that the Alex- andrino-Samaritan recension assumed its peculiar form originally in Egypt, among the Jews there, later than the beginning of the Baby- vol. II. U 306 HISTORY OF THE TRANSMISSION OF THE 0. T. [FT. IL SEC. III. Ionian exile ; that the Samaritans received copies of the Pentateuch from the Egyptian Jews, at the time when they established the settled worship of Jehovah among themselves, after the Babylonian exile, before the composition of the Septuagint translation ; and that subsequently this form of the text underwent still further various alterations at the hands both of the Egyptian Jews and of the Sama- ritans."] II. Nor yet does the Alexandrian version of the Old Testament furnish us with any peculiar critical recension of the text (8). Its numerous and strongly marked deviations from the Masoretic text have arisen partly at a later time, out of the carelessness and caprice of transcribers. But in so far as they existed originally, almost in a mass they are explained by the uncritical and wanton passion for emendation, which led the translators to alter the original text (by omissions, additions, and transpositions), where they misunderstood it, in consequence of their own defective knowledge of the language ; or where they supposed it to be unsuitable or incorrect, for historical, chronological, dogmatic, or other reasons ; or which at least led them to render it inexactly, according to their own notions and their uncer- tain conjectures (9). (8) This is asserted by L. Cappellus, Jo. Morinus, Houbigant, Owen [?], Fischer, Movers, Thenius, and others. [Bleek, p. 719, says that a more one-sided view of the superiority of the Septuagint was taken by Isaac Vossius, in his de LXX. interprets, Hagse 1661, 4to, and in his Appendix to this work in 1663, than even by Morinus and Cappellus."] Frankel, Vorstudien der LXX. p. 205 : " The LXX. appear frequently to have had readings deviating from the Masora : yet if one goes over them closely, he perceives that almost every wltere an easier reading is substituted for tlte difficult reading in our text, by Hie change of a letter; a tolerably obvious indication that they have written down what accorded with their conjectures." Already Eich- horn had pronounced a very discreet and entirely correct judgment, prrefat. ad KoecJteri nov. biblioth. Hebr. : u Posset quidem Graeca LXX. interpretum versio fundamenti loco poni, cui de textus biblici ducentis ante Christum annis conditione disputatio superstruatur. At cum ilia temporis injuria tain male habita sir, eaque jam seculo post Christ, natum tertio sugillata et suffusa tot livoribus et ulceribus a librariis et criticis audacibus esset, ut Origenes interpretem ssape in interprete quaereret; nee ea post Origenis medelam meliora fata PERIOD I. { 204.] HISTORY OF CRITICISM OF THE UNPRINTED TEXT. 307 experta f uerit : sane lacunam hanc lutosam praestat prseterire, quam textus Hebraici multo limpidiorem, quern historia testatur, fontem rivulis lutosis turbidum reddere." (9) Com p. § 175. The text of Isaiah, according to Gesenius, Comment, i. p. 63, has the Masoretic text as its basis ; and the blame of all the deviations devolves on the translator. On the contrary, J, D. Michaelis, EiclJiom, JaJin, RosenmUller, Dahler, and others, assumed that there were two editions or recensions of the book of Jeremiah [Eichhorn and Dahler attributing this to the prophet him- self, says Bleek, p. 489] : and they either explained that the text of the Septuagint was the purer and more primitive (Michaelis [and also Bleek, from whom see extracts inserted in § 175, Note 14]), or else they held the Masoretic text to be the more exact, complete, and generally preferable {Eichhorn) ; whilst at the same time they laid the burden of many of the deviations upon the negligence of the translator, or of the Hebrew or Greek copyists (Jahn, append, her- meneut. ii. p. 119, Dahler, and others). Finally, Movers, de utrius- que recens. vaticc. Jerem., Hiteig, Jerem. p. xv. f., and De Wette, § 218 [in his fifth and sixth editions, following Movers closely, only in a sceptical way, after having in earlier editions thrown all the blame on the translator, says Bleek, pp. lii. 2, 3, 15, = 2 Kings xxiv. 19, 20, xxv. 11. Besides, the Septuagint wants several shorter passages found in both the Hebrew texts :— Ver. 12, " which was the nineteenth year of king Nebuchadnezzar ;" comp. 2 Kings, ver. 8, and the Hebrew Jer. ver. 12. Ver. 14, i>3 ; 308 HISTORY OF THE TRANSMISSION OF THE 0. T. [PT. II. SEC. III. comp. Kings, ver. 10, and Hebrew Jer. ver. 14. Ver. 18, nhttnpn and *np!j ; comp. Kings, ver. 14, and Hebrew Jer. ver. 18. Ver. 27, " and put them to death," and " thus Judah was carried away captive out of his own land;" comp. Kings, ver. 21, and Hebrew Jer. ver. 27 : and there are other instances. — On the other hand, there are whole clauses added in the Septuagint, which stand neither in the text of Kings nor in that of Jeremiah : — Ver. 22, o«to> pool r& mfaei to?9 8a>&*a wfyefft, ; comp. Kings, ver. 17, and Hebrew Jer. ver. 22. Ver. 31, tcai etceipev avrov teal ifrjyayev avrov; comp. Kings, ver. 27, and Hebrew Jer. ver. 31, in which latter, however, in« Ktf} stands. In other cases, various statements are altered : for instance, " in the ninth month" (ver. 4), instead of the tenth (Kings, ver. 1, and Hebrew Jer. ver. 4) ; " tltivty-five cubits" (ver. 21, follow- ing 2 Chron. iii. 15), instead of eighteen (Kings, ver. 17, and Hebrew Jer. ver. 21) ; " on the four and twentieth day of the month" (ver. 31), instead of the five and twentieth (Hebrew Jer. ver. 31), or the seven and twentieth (Kings, ver. 27) ; irdvres ol iratSes avrov (ver. 8), in- stead of ^n"73 (Kings, ver. 5, and Hebrew Jer. ver. 8) : and there are other instances. Compare the refutation of this hypothesis, at full length, in K&per, Jerem. p. 167 sqq., and in Hdv. Einl. ii. 2, p. 250 fF. — Then there are the many deviations in the Alexandrian version of Daniel from the Masoretic text. These are not only in single expres- sions and clauses (comp. i. 3, 11, 16, ii. 8, 11, 28-9, iii. 46-50, iv. 28 fF., v. 1-3, and others), but also both in considerable abbreviations and omissions (iii. 31-34, iv. 3-6, v. 17-25, 26-28), and in larger apocryphal additions (like iii. 24 fF., 51 fF.), and other amplifications of the text— for instance, iv. 34, vi. 20, 22-29 [22-28]. See the par- ticulars in von Lengerke's Commentary, p. ex. fF. Now there exists no foundation for these deviations in any Hebrew or Chaldee text wrought up at some later time from the original text. On the contrary, in the deviations, whether smaller or greater, there is no mistaking the object, which is to make the narratives plainer, to introduce more connection into them, and to make the miracles more evident and more conceivable (comp. only the Hebrew text iii. 23-4, with the Septuagint iii. 49 f., 91 ; the Hebrew iii. 31-33, and the Septuagint iv. 1, 3, 4 ; also compare the two texts at ii. 5 and iii. 1 ; and see Hav. Coimn. pp. xlix. 1.) : and so also the longer additions and interpolations betray their object, which is an effort to furnish a collection of legends in harmony with the taste of the age. This hypothesis was set up by Michaelis, orient. Biblioth. iv. 118 ff . ; Ber- th old t, Daniel, pp. 130 f., 138 ff. ; and EicMiorn, Einl. iv. § 617 ; and they tried to prove it by supposed errors of translation : but it has PERIOD I. § 205.] HISTORY OF CRITICISM OF THE UNFRJNTED TEXT. 309 been refuted by Hdv. Comm. p. xlvii. ff. ; von Lengerke, Daniel, p. cix. ff. ; De Wette, Einl. § 258. § 205. The Hebrew Teat in the Talmudic Period. The Mishna (as also the two Gemaras) presupposes a text so firmly established by tradition, that the Talmudists no longer venture to alter anything in it: they merely seek to settle it unchangeably for all times, by means of very precise regulations on the subject oi biblical caligraphy (1). The transactions with which we meet in the Talmud on the subject of different ways of reading, do not relate to actual " various readings" in the text and to critical emendations, as has been commonly supposed (2), but are of a hermeneutical nature. Neither the distinction of tnpD and JT1D&, or yro and *ip, along with the formulas, " do not read so, but so" (p vb* p &opn b«), and " there is a reason for the traditional reading, or for the reading in the text" (mDD*> DX t^, vnpob DK e*) ; nor yet the technical terms DnaiD tnpo ("lectio scribarum") and fi*WD "ttBy ("ablatio scribarum") (3), point to actual, that is, critical doubts and controversies as to the true way of reading a divergent text (comp. § 165, Note 5). For the text was not doubtful to the Talmudists : on the contrary, it already stood so firmly settled in tradition, that the true way of reading agrees throughout with the present way. Those ways of reading which were designated JYiDD, are not various readings resulting from comparison of manuscripts : they are mere theologico-juridical various readings. That is to say, they are arbitrary modifications of the ecclesiastical way of reading certain words, when the mode of writing them in the documents admitted of this different pronunciation and apprehension, putting out of consideration the context, the grammar, and the tradi- tion ; such modifications being, in the talmudical mode of teaching, customary means of proving juridical principles which were contro- verted (4). (1) Tract. Gittin, fol. 45. 2 : " Sumere possunt libros ab extraneis, ubicunque fuerint, si modo scripti sint ad modum." Tract. Shabb. fol. 103. 2: "Ita autem scribendum vobis ut sit scriptura perfecta (non rOTD) ne scribatur Aleph pro Ain, et vice versa ; Beth pro Caph, et vice versa ; Gimel pro Teaddi } et v. v. ; Daleth pro Resh y et v. v. ; He pro Cfieth, et v. v. ; Vav pro Jod, et v. v. ; Zayin pro Nun, et 310 HISTORY OF THE TRANSMISSION OF THE 0. T. [PT. II. SEC. III. v. v. ; Teth pro Pe y et v. v. ; incnrvae liters pro directis, et v. v. ; Mem pro Samech, et v. v. ; clausae litter® (D finale) pro apertis (D), et v. v. ; sectio aperta ne fiat sectio clausa, et v. v." For those cali- graphic prescriptions, comp. § 171. (2) By Cappellu8 9 Arcan. punctationis revel, i. c. 5, 7, ii. c. 26 ; particularly Jo. Moiinm, exercitatt. bibl. ii., exerc. 22, c. 4, 5, and all the recent writers : comp. Gesenius, Geschichte der hebr. Sprache, § 51; Eichhorn, Einl. i. § 115 ff.; De Wette, Einl. § 89; and others. Against this view, see Hup/eld, in the theol. Studien a. Krit. 1830, p. 534 ff. (3) Tract. Nedarlm, fol. 37. 2: " Dixit R. Isaac, 'Lectio scribarnnij ablatio ecribarwm^ lecta et non scripta, et non lecta, traditio sunt Mosis de monte Sinai (*rDD wb TO^n).'" Already Morinus, exerc. 12, finds in this u fragmenta et vestigia recensionum ;" Waehner, Antiqq. Hebr. i. p. 106 sqq., finds "divers® lectiones;" Eichhorn^ Einl. § 116, finds critical revisions ; Jahn, Einl. i. pp. 384-5, finds corrections ; Ber- tholdt, i. p. 270, finds a great critical labour which aimed at a seven- fold result, flerbst, Einl. i. p. 115, is more correct, when he sees iii it, not the results of critical labour, but intimations of a secret sense ; and Hupfeld, ibid^ who sees in it a play upon individual words in the text, bending them to certain hermeneutical objects. — In the principal passage which bears upon this subject (Nedarim, I.e., in Buxtorfs Tiberias, p. 40 sq.), mention is made of seven Qeri velo Kethib — 2 Sam. viii. 3, xvi. 23, Jer. xxxi. 38, 1. 29, Ruth ii. 11, iii. 5, 17 ; and of only five Kethib velo Qeri — 2 Kings v. 18, Deut. vi. 1, Jer. 1L 3, Ezek. xlviii. 16, Ruth iii. 12. Something is said of those various ways of reading which the Masoretes named Qeri and Kethib, in Tract. Sota v. 5, on Job xiii. 15, and in Joma, fol. 21. 2 : " Quid est, quod scrip- turn exstat (Hagg. i. 8) iM&tt, et nos legimus rnaaw?" — For the formula p *6« p Nip ta, see the examples in Morinus, /.<?., exerc. 12. 3, 22. 4, 5 ; Buxtorf, de punctor. vocal, orig. p. 101 sq. ; Waefiner, Lc. i. p. Ill) sq., and p. 367 sq. As for the formulas topcb DK zh and mDD^, " There is reason, or reason for deciding (DX mater — f un- damentum, principium, cardo rei) for the ecclesiastical or for the traditional way of reading," see the principal passage, Sanhedrin, fol. 3. 2 sqq.; and Jo. Morinus, exercit. 12. 5, 15. 5; Waehner y i. p. 376 sqq. ; and Hupfeld, p. 556 ff.— The formula Dnsta ^»y, « ablatio (extrusio) scribarum" [occurs already once in the Talmud, Nedarim, fol. 37. 2, says Bleek, p. 803], the opposite of DnjriD *qpo, « textus scribarum," relates to the omission of the 1 in Gen. xviii. 5, xxiv. 55, Num. xxxi. 2, Ps. Ixviii. 26, xxxvi. 7 ; comp. Buxtorf, Tiberias, p. 40 sq. [Bleek, p. 803 : " Five of these are named, three in the Penta- PERIOD I. § 205.] HISTORY OF CRITICISM OF THE UNPRINTED TEXT. 31 1 tench and two in the Psalms, and all of them relate merely to the omission of a Vav copulative ; in four of the passages, before "trw. In onr editions also the Vav is awanting in these passages, except Nam. xii. 14, precisely the one case mentioned in the Talmud in which an ' ablatio scribarum' ought to have taken place. 9 '] Waehner already has rightly explained it, l.c. p. 109: "Noli verborum sono sedaci, ut castratum per eos textum esse suspiceres. Nihil illi est demptum. Sed monuerunt tantummodo quinque in locis, ubi prae- fixum % licet in sacro codice expressnm non esset, vulgo tamen legere- tur, id legi non dtbere. Ex vitiosa igitur lectione, non ex sacro codice, criticoram aliquid abstulit extrusio." An incorrect interpretation is given by Morinus, followed by Vogel ad Cappellum, crit. sacr. i. p. 443 sqq.; Eichhorn, Einl. i. § 117; De Wette, and others. — To the same category belongs the Delete ppn, u ordinatio seu correctio scri- barum ;" which is mentioned, not indeed in the Talmud, but in the Masora on Num. i. 1, Ps. cvi. 20, and which extends to eighteen texts : see Biixtorf, Lexicon Talmud, p. 2630 sq. Jo. Morimt8 9 in Vogel ad Cappellum, crit. sacr. i. p. 444 sqq., Eicliftorn, De Wette, and others, have found in this expression an intimation of textual emendations in accordance with collations of manuscripts. But it really relates only to remarks of the Rabbins on passages where the reading appeared paradoxical, and yet was entitled to be designated correct, as Bvuc- tor/ already perceived, Anticritica, p. 751 : "Hi ergo dicunt in his octodecim locis scribas inconvenientiam quendam observasse, quasi authores sacri juxta seriem orationis et cohaerentiam textus aliter loqui debuissent et aliud dicere voluissent, sed certis de causis malu- isse id ita scribere et effere, ut in contextu hodie habemus." Comp. Stange, theol. Symmikta, ii. p. 193 if. [Bleek, pp. 803-4, says: " These remarks, as I believe, have been in general too little thought of, and as a whole have not been judged correctly. It is usually assumed that what are named Tiqqun Sopherim are only alterations of the false readings of many manuscripts, in conformity with other manu- scripts which were more correct; and it is at once taken for granted that the readings preferred by the scribes, which are just those of our present manuscripts and editions, have been the genuine original readings. . . • Much rather we are moved, partly by the statements of the Masoretes, partly by the nature of several of the readings set aside by the Tiqqun Sopherim, compared with the readings intro- duced by them and at present found in the text, to look upon the matter thus : that in these passages other readings were actually accepted universally at an earlier time, or at all events were to be found in most of the common manuscripts, which the scribes con- 812 HISTORY OF THE TRANSMISSION OF THE 0. T. [PT. II. SEC. III. sidered themselves justified in altering, because they presented what created scruples or gave offence in certain respects. Hence this earlier reading, which is noted as having been altered, is always to be held in high estimation, critically considered ; and we may actually assume, with great probability, in several cases at least, that it is the original reading." Of this class he gives two instances. In Gen. xviii. 22 we read at present, " And Abraham stood yet before Jeho- vah ;" he prefers, " And Jehovah stood yet before Abraham.'' And in Hab. i. 12, " Art Thou not from everlasting, O Jehovah, my God, my Holy One? We shall not die;" he prefers, with Ewald, the reading, u Thou shalt not die." He continues : " But we may assume with probability that these ' correctiones scribarum' took place at a pretty early period, already in an age earlier than the time of the Talmud, in which it is very much accidental that they are not men- tioned expressly. But the circumstance that information of this was preserved on to a later time, serves for a proof how carefully the form of the text was regarded."] (4) See this proved in Hupfeld, ibid* pp. 554-565. Even the passage in the Hierosol. Tr. Taanith, fol. 68. 1 (comp. Tr. Sopherim, vi. 4), " Tres libros invenerunt in atrio, librum OtyD, libruin 'Bl&pr, et librum RVI: in uno invenerunt scriptum (Deut xxxiii. 27) p?D, in duobus rmytD; et approbantes duos, rejecerunt unum. In uno in- venerunt (Ex. xxiv. 5) scriptum HttBy?, in duobus njtt; et appro- bantes duos, rejecerunt unum. In uno invenerunt scriptum (Gen. xxxii. 23) r\t ypn (ed. Fr. Kin npp Trot), in duobus *on mpy nn« (ed. Fr. K71 "HPP THK) ; et approbantes duo, rejecerunt unum " (comp. Kennicotty dissert, general. § 34),— affords no proof that a critical re- vision of the text proceeded from the Talmudists (EicMorn, Einl. i. § 115). It only asserts that, in case various readings were observed in the manuscripts of the law, the plurality of codices decided for the rejection of the faulty manuscript. Witness is also borne to the settled state of the traditional text, and to its agreement with the present Masoretic text, by the mention which even the Talmud makes of the unusual letters in individual words, and of the "puncta extraordinaria " over single letters and whole words. The origin of these was already so remote from the Talmudists, that only with regard to the former was the remembrance preserved of their proper and original signification (5) ; but with regard to the latter, their original signification, which no doubt was critical, had by that time passed into oblivion : and both these classes PERIOD I. § 206.] HISTORY OF CRITICISM OF THE UN PRINTED TEXT. 313 of marks were reproduced with the greatest conscientiousness as points of support and indicators for juridico-theological and alle- gorical interpretations (6). Moreover, the Hebrew columns in Origeu's Hexapla (7), and the Hebrew manuscripts used by Jerome for his translation, agree with our Textus Receptus (8) ; while the confidence and precision with which the latter repeatedly appeals to the original text, against the deviations of the Septuagint and other versions, furnish the proof that neither doubt nor controversy existed as to the Hebrew text and the reading of it, notwithstanding the entire absence of vowel points and diacritic signs (9). (5) See Buxtovf, Tiberias, i. c. 14-16, on the subject of the "litter® majusculse, miuusculae, inversae, et suspense." [Bleek, p. 798, observes that there are some thirty of the first-named class, and perhaps as many of the second ; a couple of times the Nun inverted ; and twice Ayin and once the Nun suspended.] For the different opinions in regard to them, see in Wolf, biblioth. Hebr. ii. p. 525, and Waehner, Lc. p. 104 sq. According to Tract. Kiddush. fol. 30. 1, the large Gimel in pru, Lev. xi. 42, designated the middle letter of the Pentateuch ; and the Ayin suspended in "IJPD, Ps. lxxx. 14, the middle letter in the Psalter. But in other passages of the Talmud these letters are already regarded as signs marking allegorical inter- pretations [of which one or two examples are given by Bleek, pp. 798-9] ; for instance, Baba bathr. fol. 109. 2, in Btuctorf, Tiberias, p. 171. (6) There are u puncta extraordinaria," for instance, over v&{? in Ps. xxvii. 13, and over "HPK in Num. xxi. 30. The tract Sopherim numbers six instances; the Masora, eleven [Bleek, p. 799, says fifteen are at present found in manuscripts and editions, as also in the Masora ; ten of these are in the Pentateuch, four in the Prophets, and the other in Psalm xxvii. 13] : comp. Bnxtorf, Tiberias, p. 173 sqq. They appear to have originally intimated the spuriousness of the words or letters in question. Comp. H&peden, neue wahrschein. Muthmassung v. d. wahren Ursprung u. Bedeutung der ausserord. Puncte, Hannover 1715 [Bleek, p. 799, gives the date 1751. He observes that H&peden, Vogel ad Cappelli, crit. sacr., and others, take them to indicate that these letters or words were actually omitted in many manuscripts : his own opinion is rather that, in the judgment of those who placed them there, these letters or words ought to be omitted, — an opinion which may to us appear ill-founded, as in 314 HISTORY OF THE TRANSMISSION OF THE 0. T. fPT. II. SEC. III. Ps. xxvii. 13, depending on the roughness of the ellipse] ; Hdv. i. 1, p. 332. They are explained differently in the Talmud, Tract. Nazir, fol. 23. 1 : " Quare est punctatum supra litteram \ in nv\p2 de primo- genitaf Ad indicandum, quod cum decumberet non cognoverit, et dum surgeret noverit." Jerome, Qusest. in Gen. xviii. [xix.] 35 : " Ap- pungunt desnper, quasi incredibile et quod rerum natura non capiat, coire quempiam nescientem." (7) Comp. Eichhorn, Einl. i. § 113, n.; Bruns, curse hexapl. in iv. libr. Reg., in Eichhorn, Repert. ix. and x. (8) Almost in every place in which Jerome says expressly what he read in his Hebrew text, this text and the Masoretic agree : on the contrary, those few passages in which he seems to deviate do not at all deserve to come into consideration. See Eichhom, Einl. i. § 127, 6. (9) Comp. Hupfeld, ibid. pp. 571-588. § 20G. The Text and its Treatment during tlie Masoretic Period. After the completion of the Talmud (1), a new period began for the external shaping of the Old Testament text: and yet it changed nothing essential with reference to its internal nature or character, but merely contributed additional stability to that which it had already acquired. The Talmudists had adhered firmly to the un- pointed text because of its ambiguity (§ 166), and had propagated only by word of mouth the customary reading and interpretation, together with all the relative observations and regulations of the more ancient and more recent scribes. But from the sixth century onward, the necessity (2) made itself felt for setting down in a written form the ever-increasing mass of traditional decisions; and for fixing, by the introduction of written vowel signs and accents (§ 169), that reading of the biblical text which was firmly established in the schools and synagogues. (1) The body of Jewish chronologers give 310 or 311 years as the duration of the talmudical period, that is, a.d. 188-498. [Some fix the dates a year or two later.] Comp. J. Fdrstj Kult.- u. Litteraturgeschichte der Juden, i. p. 270 ff. (2) Awakened and promoted by the flourishing of the revived schools in Palestine, especially at Tiberias, and by the connection with the literary efforts of the Syrians and Arabs into which these schools soon entered (yet see also § 166, Note 2). Comp. Hav. L 1, pp. 334-5, and Hupfeld, p. 589. PERIOD I. § 206.] HISTORY OF CRITICISM OF THE UNPRIKTED TEXT. 315 Thus there arose the contrast between the oral tradition and the torilten record of traditional matter, which latter was now designated by the name Masora (rniDB) (3). The Masoretes (mDD *^jo) executed no new revision of the text : their immediate work was merely to write down the material given them by tradition, and to make sure of the traditional understanding of the biblical text by that vocalization (§ 166) and accentuation (§ 169) which they brought to perfection. Thereafter, however, they augmented that traditional store by critical remarks of their own, of an orthographical and grammatical kind, drawn from empirical observation of the text ; because their occupa- tion with the biblical text, in contrast with that of the Talmudists, was ever assuming more of a linguistic and exegetical character, and issuing in a restoration of grammatico-linguistic conformity in the sacred text (4). By this means, the traditional readings of the text in its authentic documents, where these readings deviated from the letter, took the form of grammatical and critical glosses; and these having been conscientiously brought together, and augmented by the addition of some original ingredients, were associated with the text in such a manner that it remained inviolate and unchanged, while yet it might be read and understood in the sense and spirit in which the Masoretes conceived of it. (3) Also nntoo and rnteo, from ido, " tradidit." As to this and a false etymology from idk, " ligare " = u clausura," comp. Buxtovf Tiberias, p. 1 sqq. ; Carpzov, crit. sacr. p. 284 sq.; and Wolf biblioth. Hebr. ii. p. 461 sq. [BUek, pp. 804-5, reckons the forms of the word given here in the note to be the more ancient, as they are found already in the Mishna and the Talmud. He says, of the two etymologies, that the one from 1DK, though not probably the original, has support from Ezek. xx. 37, and may have been introduced and applied in an extended sense, as a band or guard set around the Scriptures, in allusion to the statement of the Mishna, Pirke Aboth, c. 3, § 13, m\rb X"0 moo, " The Masoreth is a fence for the law."] (4) Comp. Gesenius, Geschichte d. hebr. Sprache, p. 75, and Hdv. pp. 335-0. 316 BISTORT OF THE TRANSMISSION OF THE 0. T. [PT. IL SEC. III. §207. Tlie Masora. According to what has now been said, the Masora comprehends two kinds of materials, fused into one great critical and exegetical apparatus : on the one hand, there is the entire body of traditional observations on the nature and condition and the reading of the received text, derived from the more ancient scribes, and from the learned Talmudists ; and, on the other hand, there is the great mass of critical, grammatical, and exegetical remarks and conjectures upon the biblical texts, which were attached by the Masoretes themselves. And its contents are not merely very abundant and multifarious (1), but also they have been derived from very various sources, and from various periods (2). And yet they all combine and unite in one object — that of preserving the integrity of the text in the authentic documents, and the correct reading and conception of it in all time to come (3). (1) Enumeration of the verses, words, and letters of each book ; information as to the middle word and middle letter of each book ; enumeration of verses which contain the whole consonants of the alphabet, or only so many of them, and also of words which occur so many times in the Bible with this or that meaning, and of words written "plene" or "defective;" remarks upon vowels, accents, Dagheshy Mappiq, and their position and use, and the like ; collection and specification of words and letters with " puncta extraordinaria," of the Ittur Sopherim and the TiqqAn Sopherim (§ 205), and, con- nected with these last, of the Sebirin (p'2D ; comp. Buatorf Tiberias, p. 145), of the Qeri and Kethib; remarks upon exegetical and grammatical difficult and unusual expressions, etc. Comp. Bttxtorfj Tiberias, c. 12 sqq. (the principal work upon this subject) ; Brian Walton, Prolegg. viii. 2-10; Carpzov, crit. sacr. p. 295 sqq.; and Wolf j biblioth. Hebr. ii. p. 471 sqq. (2) Consequently there has been much discussion among critics about the sources and origin of the Masora. The sources of the Qeri and Kethib have been assumed to be exclusively tradition and collation of manuscripts, by D. Kimchi y Ephodceus, and other Rabbins ; also by Jo. Morinus y R. Simon, Buxtorf (Anticrit. P. ii. c. 4), Carpzov (crit. sacr. p. 340), Kennicott (dissert, general, p. 40). On the con- trary, they were assumed to be exclusively the critical conjectures of the more ancient Rabbins, by Loescher (de causis ling. Ebr. p. 441 PERIOD L § 207.] HISTORY OF CRITICISM OF THE UNPRINTED TEXT. 317 sq.), Pfaff (Primit. Tubing, p. 74), J. A. Dam (literator Hebr. p. 57) [which view Bleek seems to approve, p. 802 ; as he also observes that their conjectural origin explains the variability of the number of the Qerts] ; while Walton (Prolegg. viii. 25) and Cappellus (crit. sacr. i. p. 394 sqq.) have deckled more correctly to include both sources. The origin and commencement of the Masora is carried back so far as to Moses by the Talmudists and other Rabbins (^DD TX&oh ro^n, " traditio Mosis de monte Sinai "). Elian Levita, in the preface to his Mas. Hammasoreth, p. 3 : " The Masora was handed down from one learned man to another bv word of mouth till the time of Ezra and his assistants, and from them again to the learned men at Tiberias, who wrote it down, and applied to it the name of Masora" Praef. iii. in Hottinger, thesaur. philol. p. 400 : " Author fuit Moses ad legis nitorem perficiendum, propagator Ezra adamissum restituendum, connervatoren Tiberienses, quorum opera, quae ante traditioni orali committebantur, jam litteris sunt tradita." On the contrary, Bux- torf (Tiberias, c. 11), A. Pfeiffer (dissert, de Masora, in his crit. sacr. p. 191), Loescher (Lc. p. 91 sqq.), Wolf (Ix. p. 465), Carpzov (Ix. p. 286), place its beginning in the time of Ezra ; Walton (I.e. viii. 12) in the age of the Maccabees, at the time when the sect of the Phari- sees originated ; others, like Cappellus and R. Simon, place it still later. See Wolf lx. p. 462 sqq. (3) Buxtorf Tiberias, p. 6 : " Masora est doctrina critica, a priscis Hebroorum Sapientibus, circa textum sacra Scripturae ingeniose inventa ; qua versus, voces, et littered ejus numeratse, omnisque ipsarum varietas notata, et suis locis cum singulorum versuum recita- tione indicata est, ut sic constans et genuina ejus lectio conservetur, et ab omni mutatione aut corruptione seternum praeservetur et valide promuniatur." Hence it is named by Elias Levita, ^Ty ?D y " sepes Legis" (ibid.). According as these remarks are more or less complete, they are distinguished as the Great and the Little Masora (4). At first they were written down in books for the purpose, but afterwards they were also placed on the margin of manuscripts of the Bible. Owing to this practice, in consequence of arbitrary abbreviations and omissions (often arising wholly from want of space), and partly on account of the continual accession of supplemental observations, there came to be great confusions in the collections, which scarcely admit any more' of being entirely cleared up (5). The Great Masora is printed in the rabbinical Bibles (comp. § 318 HISTORY OF THE TRANSMISSION OF THE 0. T. [PT. IL SEC. 111. 209, Notes 2 and 4) ; the Little Masora is printed, more or less per- fectly, in all editions of the Hebrew Bible. (4) Elias Levita, in Buatorf, Tiberias, p. 194: "Scito quod Masora magna quad exstat, propemodum infinita est ; et ut ego ex- istimo, quod si omnia verba Masoro magnse, quad ego vidi, diebus meis conscriberentur et ligarentur pariter in unum librum, excederet quantitas ejus quantitatem universorura bibliorum." Baxtorfj ibicL p. 199: u Masora magna est, quad totam criticen comprehendit, cum plena locorum Scripturse enumeratione, quam quaeque nota critica suo numero design at." It is called Masora finalis or Masora textualis, according as it is placed at the end of the individual books, or on the upper and lower margins side by side with the text. — P. 202 : u Masora parva est, quad Uteris numeralibus, vocibus decurtatis et symbolicis, ad latus textus breviter et succincte describitur." (5) See Buxtorfj Tiberias, p. 193 sqq. ; Carpzov, crit. sacr. p. 289 sqq. ; Wolf, biblioth. Hebr. ii. p. 466 sqq. ; J. H. Micliaelis, de Codd. manuscr. Bibl. Hebr., Erfurt. 1706, § 17, and his Praef. ad Biblia Hebr., Halaa, p. 6 sqq. [Bleek, however, p. 805, prefers the less common view of the chronological order of the two practices mentioned in the text, thinking that the Masora was at first written on the margin of Bibles, and only at a later time in books specially reserved for these notes. He notices that such books are rare, men- tioning only two : the Codex Palatinus, in the old Heidelberg Library, which was afterwards incorporated with the Vatican Library ; and one which Brans had in his private library.] § 208. Subsequent Fortunes of the Unprinted Text. The labours of the Masoretes reached their relative consummation when the biblical text had been perfectly vocalized and accented, and when, together with this, the distinction of the Qeri and Kethib had been firmly established. From that time forward there was nothing more to do than to take care to have copies faithfully transcribed, and to compare manuscripts and make collections of various readings so as to guard against degeneration in the settled text. i?. Jacob ben Cltajim had a catalogue of from 216 to 220 various readings of the Eastern and Western Jews, that is, those of Babylon and those of Palestine, printed at the end of Bombergs second rab- binical Bible [see § 209, III.] (1). Two of these readings relate to the lie with Mappiq ; all the rest relate to the consonants, and indeed PERIOD I. S 208.] HISTORY OF CRITICISM OF THE UNPR1NTED TEXT. 319 for the most part to small matters, frequently to the Qeri and Kethib. They are not, however, always confirmed by our Western manu- scripts (2). — The author and the age of this catalogue are unknown. Usually the collation of the manuscripts, which has led to this col- lection of various readings, is placed in an age anterior to the intro- duction of the punctuation (3). (1) They are found also in the London Polyglott, vi. p. 14 sq., but not in the edition of Felix Pratensis [that is, the first Bomberg Bible], as Walton states, Polegg. viii. 27. Comp. Kennicott, dissert, general. § 41. (2) Comp. Cappellus, crit. sacr. i. p. 423 sqq. — No various read- ings occur in the Pentateuch ; not because the author of the catalogue was not willing to acknowledge any various readings here (Cappellusj p. 426), but because no differences occurred there : comp. Buxtorf, Anticritica, p. 511. (3) MorinuB places it in the eighth century. " Qui illarum sint authores, non ita certe constat." Buxtorf, ibid. p. 510. In the eleventh century the Palestinian R. Aharon ben A slier and the Babylonian R. Jac. ben Naphtali (4) accomplished a collation of the Western with the Eastern manuscripts. The various readings discovered by them in this process (5) are concerned exclusively with the vowels and accents (6) ; from which fact it follows that by that time the punctuation of the text was already conclusively settled. (4) According to R. Gedalia, they lived about a.d. 1034, and they were perhaps rectors of schools. Buxtorf, tract, de punct. antiq. i. c. 15, p. 262 sqq. Comp. Carpzov, crit. sacr. p. 358 sqq. (5) The list itself is found in the rabbinical Bibles of Bomberg and Buxtorf) and in the London Polyglott, vi. p. 8 sqq. (6) With the exception of Cant. viii. 6, wnnptf written with Mappiq and as two words by R. Ben Naphtali. See details in Cap- pellus, crit. sacr. i. p. 439 sq. It is from this age that our manuscripts have proceeded. As a whole, they present the Masoretic text with nothing more than un- important alterations (7). For the Masora, in its successive stages of perfection, furnished the standard for correct manuscripts : and more important deviations from the Masoretic form of the text were pre- vented by this circumstance, that the mediaeval Rabbins adhered to 320 HISTORY OF THE TRANSMISSION OF THE 0. T. [PT. II. SEC. IIL certain ancient codices celebrated for their correctness ; and copies were made, or at any rate were revised, in accordance with these (8). (7) Com p. above, § 170. As to some isolated cases of no*v Masoretic readings in the codices, comp. De Rossi, dissert, prselim^ prefixed to the fourth volume of his Variee lectiones, p. xix. ; and as to the differences in the text from a.d. 1000 to a.d. 1450, comp. the proofs in Kennicott, dissert, general. § 50-56. (8) Comp. § 170, Note 3 ; Kennicott, dissert, general. § 54-56. — The lamentation of R. Meir Hallevi (no ""in) about a.d. 1250, over the corruptions of the manuscripts, relates to the u scriptio plena et defectiva," as is clear from the preface to his mxrb IPD miDD nDD, "liber Masora sepes Legis" (printed at Florence 1750, and at Berlin 1761), in Kennicott, dissert, general. § 57, p. 113 sqq. ; as it is clear also from the collection in this work of the various readings con- tained in the Pentateuch. — Eichhoriis assertion (Einl. i. § 134-5), that the manuscripts were transformed to the model of the Targums, and that the study of grammar was pursued zealously, in this period, is just as destitute of foundation (comp. Jalin, Einl. p. 400) as the reverse supposition in Kennicott (dissert, ii. super ratione text. Hebr. p. 172 sqq.), that the Targums were altered to the model of the Hebrew text. SECOND PERIOD. HISTORY OP THE PRINTED TEXT. § 209. The Principal Editions of tlie Old Testament The first printed editions kept very closely to the form of the manuscripts. They have no title at the beginning, and at the end they have postscripts : they are printed on parchment, with broad margins, and with large types still rather ill-shaped; with initial letters ingeniously ornamented, which have been added either as wood- cuts or printed by the pen, and which are also many a time wholly wanting : and the vowels are placed in a very defective manner. First there appeared single portions in print : the Psalter in 1477 [4to, without points, but with Kimchts commentary, says Bleek, p. 809] ; the Pentateuch in 1482 [Bologna, fol., having the points, and with the Targum of Onkelos and the commentary of Raschi, says TERIOD II. § 209.] HISTORY OF THE PRINTED TEXT. 321 Bleek, ibid.'] ; the earlier and later Prophets, 1486 [Soncino, fol., without points, but with KimcMs commentary, says Sleek, ibid."] ; the Megilloth, 1482 and 1486; and the Hagiographa, 1487 [Naples, large 4to, 3 vols., with the vowels, but without accents, and with various rabbinical commentaries, says Bleek, ibid.~] : almost all with the rabbinical commentaries of Kimchi or Raschi (1). (1) Upon the subject of these most ancient printed copies, comp. •71 J3. de Rossi, de Hebr. typographic orig. ac primitiis, s. antiquis et rariss. Hebr. Bibl. editt. sec. xv., Parmae 1777, 4to, reprinted with a preface by Hufnagel, Erlangen 1778. Also, De Rossi, de typogra- phia Hebr. Ferrariensi comment, hist., Parm. 1780; auct. c. praef. Hufnagel, Erl. 1781. Also, De Rossi, Annales typographies Ebr. Sabionetens. appendice aucti, ex Italicis Latin, fecit J. Ft. Roos, Erl. 1783. Also, De Rossi, de ignotis nonnullis antiquiss. Hebr. textus editt., etc., Erl. 1782, 4to. Also, De Rossi, Annales Hebr. typogr. sec. xv., Parm. 1795, 4to. Also, De Rossi, Annales Hebr. typogr. ab anno mdi. ad mdxx., Parm. 1799, 4to. 0. G. Tychsen, krit. Beschreibung des Bononischen Pentateuchs vom Jahr 1482, in JEicliliorn, Repert. vi. p. 65 ff. Kennicott, dissert, general., ed. Brum, p. 436 sqq. As to the editions of the Hebrew Bible generally, comp. Le Long, biblioth. s., ed. Maseh, P. i. ; Wolf, biblioth. Hebr. ii. p. 364 sqq., and p. 338 sqq.; RosenmUlUr, Ilandbnch, i. p. 189 ff., iii. p. 279 ff. ; also Carpzov, crit. sacr. p. 387 sqq.; and the Introductions of EicIJiorn (ii. § 390 ff.), Herbst (i. p. 128 ff.), and others. I. The first fundamental edition of the entire Hebrew Bible, made from manuscripts, appeared at Soncino 1488, small folio [Bleek, p. 809, says it had the points: its text appears to have followed the text of the several portions of the Old Testament, the printing of which has been already mentioned ; and it is very rare, only nine copies of it being known to exist in Europe]. The edition of Gersom [the printer, says Bleek, ibid."], Brescia 1494, 4to, follows it closely [Bleek, ibid*, is silent as to this point, but says : " It also is very rare. The unusually written letters are wanting in it, as also the statements in reference to the Qeii and Kethib ; for the most part, the Qeri lias been adopted in the text: moreover, it is full of errors iu printing"] (2). (2) With reference to the affinity between these two editions, see vol. n. X 322 HISTORY OF THE TRANSMISSION OF THE 0. T. [PT. H. SEC. III. Brum in Amnions, Hdnh, and Pauluf theol. Journal, vi. p. 757 ff. The latter was the edition used by Luther : see S. J. G. Palm, de codd. Vet. et Nov. Test., quibus b. Luther in conficienda interpr. German, usus est, Hamburg 1753; Benj. Wilh. Dan. Schulz, voll- stand. Kritik iiber d. gewohnl. Ausgaben der hebr. Bibel, nebst e.
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US-1879404-A_1
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USPTO
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Open Government
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Public Domain
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None
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English
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Implementing a smart antenna in wireless local area network
ABSTRACT
A method for implementing a smart antenna in establishing association between a station (STA) and an access point (AP) in a wireless local area network begins by transmitting a beacon frame by the AP on one antenna beam. The beacon frame is received at the STA, which measures the signal quality of the beacon frame. The AP switches to a different antenna beam and repeats the method until the beacon frame has been transmitted on all antenna beams. The STA associates to the AP that transmits the beacon frame with the highest signal quality on one of its antenna beams. A similar method may be used in which the STA sends a probe request frame to the AP, which then responds with probe response frames sent on multiple antenna beams.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.60/608,758, filed Sep. 10, 2004, which is incorporated by reference asif fully set forth herein.
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to wireless local area networks,and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for implementing asmart antenna in establishing an association between an access point(AP) and a station (STA).
BACKGROUND
In a wireless local area network (WLAN) operating in infrastructuremode, a STA typically performs scanning in order to estimate which AP isthe best candidate to serve it. Scanning performed by the STA can bepassive or active. In passive scanning, the STA listens for beaconframes sent by the APs. In active scanning, the STA sends out proberequests and the APs respond by sending a probe response to the STA.
In order to enhance coverage and increase throughput, APs can beequipped with advanced antenna structures, which allow them to changethe radiation pattern (the beam) they use. This is a function of theposition of the STA to which the AP sends packets and/or of thetime-varying channel. Because the beacon frames are not aimed at aparticular STA, but rather at a multitude of STAs, they tend to be sentuniformly across all directions (i.e., with an omni-directional beam).Similarly, because it is desirable for an AP to hear the packets fromall its associated STAs, the AP typically listens to the channel usingan omni-directional beam. This type of beam does not necessarily allowthe AP to determine which beam is the best to serve a STA, even after ithas received a probe request from the STA. Therefore, a probe responsealso tends to be transmitted using an omni-directional beam.
A STA uses the beacons (passive scanning) and the probe requests (activescanning) to estimate, among other things, the quality of the radiolinks (e.g., signal to noise ratio (SNR)) that it could obtain from thedifferent APs. Beacons and probe responses are typically sent by the APsusing an omni-directional beam for the reasons described above. Thiscreates a situation where a STA may estimate, based on the receivedsignal quality it perceives from the beacons and/or probe responses,that a given AP is the best candidate, when in fact this AP will performworse than another AP for the transmission of traffic frames which canbe sent with directional beams.
FIG. 1 shows an exemplary WLAN 100 including a STA 102 and two APs, AP_A110 and AP_B 120. AP_A 110 can utilize an omni-directional beam 112 anda plurality of directional beams 114, 116, 118. AP_B 120 can utilize anomni-directional beam 122 and a plurality of directional beams 124, 126,128.
The STA 102 measures the received power of the various beams as shown inTable 1. TABLE 1 Measured Received Signal Power at STA 102 Receivedpower at Signal from On beam number Beam type STA 102 AP_A 112 omni −75dBm AP_A 116 directional −85 dBm AP_A 118 directional −85 dBm AP_B 122omni −80 dBm AP_B 124 directional −70 dBm
The STA 102 can receive stronger beacons and/or probe responses viaomni-directional beam 112 from AP_A 110 than via omni-directional beam122 from AP_B 120. However, AP_B 120 would be a better candidate thanAP_A 110 for transmitting traffic frames, since AP_B 120 is in a betterposition to make use of its advanced antenna structure and focus theenergy towards the STA 102 (via directional beam 124).
SUMMARY
A method for implementing a smart antenna in establishing associationbetween a STA and an AP in a WLAN begins by transmitting a beacon frameby the AP on one antenna beam. The beacon frame is received at the STA,which measures the signal quality of the beacon frame. The AP switchesto a different antenna beam and repeats the method until the beaconframe has been transmitted on all antenna beams. The STA associates tothe AP that transmits the beacon frame with the highest signal qualityon one of its antenna beams. A similar method may be used in which theSTA sends a probe request frame to the AP, which then responds withprobe response frames sent on multiple antenna beams.
A system for implementing a smart antenna in establishing associationbetween a STA and an AP in a WLAN includes a beacon frame sent from theAP to the STA. The beacon frame includes a field to identify a totalnumber of antenna beams on which a transmission will be made and a fieldto identify the beam that is currently being transmitted on.
Another system for implementing a smart antenna in establishingassociation between a STA and an AP in a WLAN includes a probe requestframe sent from the STA to the AP and a probe response frame sent fromthe AP to the STA. The probe request frame includes an indicationwhether the STA wants to scan multiple antenna beams from the AP. Theprobe response frame includes a field to identify a total number ofantenna beams on which a transmission will be made and a field toidentify the beam that is currently being transmitted on.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more detailed understanding of the invention may be had from thefollowing description of a preferred embodiment, given by way ofexample, and to be understood in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a WLAN showing omni-directional anddirectional antenna beam patterns;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a beacon frame format in accordance with thepresent invention;
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram for passive scanning in accordance with thepresent invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting a beacon frame inpassive scanning in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a probe request frame format in accordance withthe present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a probe response frame format in accordance withthe present invention;
FIG. 7 is a timing diagram for active scanning in accordance with thepresent invention; and
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting a probe responseframe in active scanning in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Hereafter, the term “station” (STA) includes, but is not limited to, awireless transmit/receive unit, a user equipment, a fixed or mobilesubscriber unit, a pager, or any other type of device capable ofoperating in a wireless environment. When referred to hereafter, theterm “access point” (AP) includes, but is not limited to, a basestation, a Node B, a site controller, or any other type of interfacingdevice in a wireless environment.
The present invention solves the above problem for both passive scanningand active scanning.
Passive Scanning
The present invention provides the signaling and support for an AP tosend its beacon on multiple beams. This can be done by adding two fieldsto the WLAN beacon management frame, as shown in FIG. 2. The resultingmanagement frame is referred to as an Advanced Antenna (AA) beacon frame200. Many of the fields of the frame 200 are in the existing beaconframe as defined by the 802.11 standards. These fields include framecontrol 202, duration 204, destination address (DA) 206, source address(SA) 208, basic service set (BSS) identification (BSSID) 210, sequencecontrol 212, timestamp 214, beacon interval 216, capability information218, SSID information element (IE) 220, supported rates IE 222,frequency hop (FH)/distribution system (DS) parameter set IE 224,contention free (CF) parameter set IE 226, independent BSS (IBSS)parameter set IE 228, and traffic indication map (TIM) IE 230.
The first new field 232 of the frame 200 indicates to the STA that thebeacon frames are sent N times within an AA beacon interval, where Ncorresponds to the number of beams on which the AP will send the beacon.The second new field 234 identifies the beam that was used to transmitthe beacon; i.e., the beam identifier. When receiving any of themultiple AA beacon frames sent by an AP, the STA is able to identify thenumber of beams (232) included in the beam sweep performed by the AP andit is also able to distinguish the different versions it receives bylooking at the beam identifier (234).
It is noted that the AA beacon interval 216 can be set to the same valueor different value than the non-AA beacon interval. For the system to beable to offer service to users, the AA beacon interval has to be largerthan the beam scan duration, so that there is time left to transmittraffic frames. This could be enforced, for example, as a configurationmanagement rule that would prevent a user from configuring the AP suchthat the beam scan would take a large portion of the AA beacon intervaltime.
In a preferred embodiment, the N AA beacon frames 200 are sentsuccessively in time. This is achieved by having the AP use a delay (X)shorter than the DIFS (Distributed Inter-Frame Space) but larger thanthe SIFS (Short Inter-Frame Space) when trying to access the wirelessmedium between the transmission of two beacon frames. Any value of Xbetween SIFS and DIFS can be used. It should be noted that the AP wouldstill need to wait for one entire DIFS when accessing the wirelessmedium to transmit the first of the N beacon frames. This places anupper bound on the maximum amount of time a STA would need to scan themedium once it detected one of the N beacons advertised by an AP;whereby:Upper bound=(N−1)×(beacon_duration+X) Equation 1In other words, this prevents a STA from scanning a channel for anundetermined amount of time without ever knowing if all N beacons havebeen transmitted by the AP.
The timing diagram for the passive scanning is shown in FIG. 3. Beforethe AP begins the AA beacon interval 300, it waits for one DIFS 302. Atthe start of the AA beacon interval 300, the AP transmits the firstbeacon frame 304. In between beacon frames 304, the AP waits for theinterval X (306), where X is shorter than the DIFS and larger than theSIFS.
A method 400 for transmitting an AA beacon frame in passive scanning isshown in FIG. 4. The method 400 begins with the AP transmitting an AAbeacon frame 200 on one of N antenna beams, with the current beamidentifier 234 set to the current beam (step 402). A determination ismade if the AA beacon frame has been transmitted on all N beams (step404). If the AA beacon frame has been transmitted on all N beams, thenthe method terminates (step 406). If the AA beacon frame has not beentransmitted on all N beams (step 404), then the method waits for theinterval X (step 408). The antenna system then switches to the next beam(step 408) and transmits the AA beacon frame 200 on the current beam,with the current beam identifier 234 set to the current beam (step 410)and the method continues with step 404. It is noted that the step ofswitching to the next beam (step 408) can be performed either before orafter waiting for the interval X.
The determination used by the STA whether to associate to the AP isimplementation specific. One method is to use the power level or SNRperceived on the beacons to select the AP to associate to. The presentinvention allows a STA to use this method while fully capitalizing onthe fact that the AP is equipped with an advanced antenna system.
Active Scanning
The present invention also solves the problem for active scanning byallowing a STA to request the AP to send probe responses on multiplebeams. This can be done by adding a new field to the WLAN probe requestframe. The resulting frame is shown in FIG. 5 and is referred to as anAA probe request frame 500. Many of the fields of the frame 500 are inthe existing probe request frame as defined by the 802.11 standards.These fields include frame control 502, duration 504, DA 506, SA 508,BSSID 510, sequence control 512, SSID IE 514, and supported rates IE516. The new field 518 of the frame 500 provides an indication to the AP(as a yes or no value) that the STA wants to scan all beams of the AP.
In addition, two new fields are added to the WLAN probe response frame.The resulting frame is shown in FIG. 6 and is referred to as an AA proberesponse frame 600. Many of the fields of the frame 600 are in theexisting probe response frame as defined by the 802.11 standards. Fields602-628 of the frame 600 are the same as fields 202-228 of the frame200.
The first new field 630 of the frame 600 indicates to the STA that theAA probe responses are sent N times within an AA beacon interval, whereN corresponds to the number of beams on which the AP will send the proberesponse. The second new field 632 identifies the beam that was used totransmit the AA probe response; this is the beam identifier. An APequipped with an AA system responds to the AA probe request by sendingmultiple (N) AA probe responses to the STA.
In a preferred embodiment, the N AA probe responses are sentsuccessively in time. This is achieved by having the AP use a delay (X)shorter than the DIFS but larger than the SIFS when trying to access thewireless medium between the transmission of two AA probe responses. Itshould be noted that the AP would still need to wait for one entire DIFSwhen accessing the wireless medium to transmit the first of the N proberesponses. This places an upper bound on the maximum amount of time aSTA would need to wait once it received one of the N AA probe responsessent by an AP; whereby:Upper bound=(N−1)×(probe response duration+X) Equation 2
The timing diagram for the active scanning is shown in FIG. 7. After theSTA sends the AA probe request frame 700, the AP waits for one DIFS 702before sending the first AA probe response frame 704. In between proberesponse frames 704, the AP waits for the interval X (706), where X isshorter than the DIFS and larger than the SIFS.
A method 800 for transmitting an AA probe response frame in activescanning is shown in FIG. 8. The method 800 begins with the STA sendingan AA probe request frame 500, including setting the indicator 518 toscan all beams of the AP (step 802). The AP receives the AA proberequest frame and waits for the DIFS period (step 804). The AP transmitsan AA probe response frame 600 on one of N antenna beams, with thecurrent beam identifier 632 set to the current beam (step 806). Adetermination is made if the AA probe response frame has beentransmitted on all N beams (step 808). If the AA probe response framehas been transmitted on all N beams, then the method terminates (step810). If the AA probe response frame has not been transmitted on all Nbeams (step 808), then the method waits for the interval X (step 812).The antenna system then switches to the next beam (step 812) andtransmits the AA probe response frame 600 on the current beam, with thecurrent beam identifier 632 set to the current beam (step 814) and themethod continues with step 808. It is noted that the step of switchingto the next beam (step 812) can be performed either before or afterwaiting for the interval X.
In prior art systems, the decision made by a STA as to which AP toassociate to could not take into account the radio link gain obtainedfrom the advanced antenna structure at the AP. This meant that the datacollected from scanning the RF environment, either passively oractively, where the beacon frames and probe responses are sent by APs inan omni-directional fashion, could lead a STA to associate to an AP thatwould offer worse performance than another AP, had the gains from the AAsystems been taken into account.
With the present invention, the data collected by a STA when scanningthe RF environment allows it to estimate which AP will be able toprovide the best radio link, taking into consideration the gains thatthe AA systems will offer when traffic frames are transmitted.
Although the features and elements of the present invention aredescribed in the preferred embodiments in particular combinations, eachfeature or element can be used alone (without the other features andelements of the preferred embodiments) or in various combinations withor without other features and elements of the present invention.
1. A method for implementing a smart antenna in establishing associationbetween a station (STA) and an access point (AP) in a wireless localarea network, comprising the steps of: (a) transmitting a beacon frameby the AP on one antenna beam; (b) receiving the beacon frame at theSTA; (c) measuring a signal quality of the beacon frame at the STA; (d)switching to a different antenna beam; (e) repeating steps (a)-(d) untilthe beacon frame has been transmitted on all antenna beams; and (f)associating the STA to the AP that transmits the beacon frame with thehighest signal quality on one of its antenna beams.
2. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the beacon frame includes a fieldidentifying the total number of antenna beams.
3. The method accordingto claim 1, wherein the beacon frame includes a field identifying thecurrent antenna beams.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein themethod waits for an interval before transmitting the beacon frame afterswitching antenna beams.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein theinterval is greater than a short inter-frame space and less than adistributed inter-frame space.
6. A method for implementing a smartantenna in establishing association between a station (STA) and anaccess point (AP) in a wireless local area network, comprising the stepsof: (a) sending a probe request frame from the STA to the AP, the proberequest frame including an indication whether the STA wants to scanmultiple beams from the AP; (b) transmitting a probe response frame fromthe AP to the STA on one antenna beam; (c) receiving the probe responseframe at the STA; (d) measuring a signal quality of the probe responseframe at the STA; (e) switching to a different antenna beam; (f)repeating steps (b)-(e) until the probe response frame has beentransmitted on all antenna beams; and (g) associating the STA to the APthat transmits the probe response frame with the highest signal qualityon one of its antenna beams.
7. The method according to claim 6, whereinthe probe response frame includes a field identifying the total numberof antenna beams.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the proberesponse frame includes a field identifying the current antenna beam. 9.The method according to claim 6, wherein the method waits for aninterval before transmitting the beacon frame after switching antennabeams.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the interval isgreater than a short inter-frame space and less than a distributedinter-frame space.
11. A system for implementing a smart antenna inestablishing association between a station (STA) and an access point(AP) in a wireless local area network, comprising: a beacon frame sentfrom the AP to the STA, said beacon frame including: a field to identifya total number of antenna beams on which a transmission will be made;and a field to identify the beam that is currently being transmitted on.12. A system for implementing a smart antenna in establishingassociation between a station (STA) and an access point (AP) in awireless local area network, comprising: a probe request frame sent fromthe STA to the AP, said probe request frame including an indicationwhether the STA wants to scan multiple antenna beams from the AP; and aprobe response frame sent from the AP to the STA, said probe responseframe including: a field to identify a total number of antenna beams onwhich a transmission will be made; and a field to identify the beam thatis currently being transmitted on..
| 40,418 |
https://github.com/jerowe/BioX-Workflow/blob/master/t/example/test002.sh
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Artistic-1.0
| null |
BioX-Workflow
|
jerowe
|
Shell
|
Code
| 230 | 1,539 |
#
# Samples: sample1, sample2, sample3, sample4, sample5
#
#
# Starting Workflow
#
#
# Global Variables:
# resample: 0
# wait: 1
# auto_input: 1
# coerce_paths: 1
# auto_name: 1
# indir: t/example/data/raw/test002
# outdir: t/example/data/processed/test002
# min: 0
# override_process: 0
# rule_based: 1
# verbose: 1
# create_outdir: 1
# file_rule: (sample.*)$
# by_sample_outdir: 1
# find_by_dir: 1
#
#
#
# Starting backup
#
#
# Variables
# Indir: $Bin/example/data/raw/test002
# Outdir: $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/backup
#
cp $Bin/example/data/raw/test002/sample1/sample1.csv $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample1/backup/sample1.csv
cp $Bin/example/data/raw/test002/sample2/sample2.csv $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample2/backup/sample2.csv
cp $Bin/example/data/raw/test002/sample3/sample3.csv $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample3/backup/sample3.csv
cp $Bin/example/data/raw/test002/sample4/sample4.csv $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample4/backup/sample4.csv
cp $Bin/example/data/raw/test002/sample5/sample5.csv $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample5/backup/sample5.csv
wait
#
# Ending backup
#
#
#
# Starting grep_VARA
#
#
# Variables
# Indir: $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/backup
# Outdir: $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/grep_VARA
#
echo "Working on $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample1/backup/sample1.csv"
grep -i "VARA" $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample1/backup/sample1.csv >> $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample1/grep_VARA/sample1.grep_VARA.csv
echo "Working on $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample2/backup/sample2.csv"
grep -i "VARA" $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample2/backup/sample2.csv >> $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample2/grep_VARA/sample2.grep_VARA.csv
echo "Working on $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample3/backup/sample3.csv"
grep -i "VARA" $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample3/backup/sample3.csv >> $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample3/grep_VARA/sample3.grep_VARA.csv
echo "Working on $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample4/backup/sample4.csv"
grep -i "VARA" $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample4/backup/sample4.csv >> $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample4/grep_VARA/sample4.grep_VARA.csv
echo "Working on $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample5/backup/sample5.csv"
grep -i "VARA" $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample5/backup/sample5.csv >> $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample5/grep_VARA/sample5.grep_VARA.csv
wait
#
# Ending grep_VARA
#
#
#
# Starting grep_VARB
#
#
# Variables
# Indir: $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/grep_VARA
# Outdir: $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/grep_VARB
#
grep -i "VARB" $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample1/grep_VARA/sample1.grep_VARA.csv >> $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample1/grep_VARB/sample1.grep_VARA.grep_VARB.csv
grep -i "VARB" $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample2/grep_VARA/sample2.grep_VARA.csv >> $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample2/grep_VARB/sample2.grep_VARA.grep_VARB.csv
grep -i "VARB" $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample3/grep_VARA/sample3.grep_VARA.csv >> $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample3/grep_VARB/sample3.grep_VARA.grep_VARB.csv
grep -i "VARB" $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample4/grep_VARA/sample4.grep_VARA.csv >> $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample4/grep_VARB/sample4.grep_VARA.grep_VARB.csv
grep -i "VARB" $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample5/grep_VARA/sample5.grep_VARA.csv >> $Bin/example/data/processed/test002/sample5/grep_VARB/sample5.grep_VARA.grep_VARB.csv
wait
#
# Ending grep_VARB
#
#
# Ending Workflow
#
| 17,509 |
7416292_1
|
Caselaw Access Project
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 1,995 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 3,422 | 4,626 |
MANION, Circuit Judge.
A federal grand jury indicted Joseph Trin-gali and Ramon Hernandez (a/k/a "Alfredo") for conspiring to possess with intent to distribute ten kilograms of cocaine and possession with intent to distribute two kilograms of cocaine. Tringali pleaded guilty to the possession count and was sentenced to 140 months imprisonment and five years of supervised release. Hernandez pleaded not guilty, but following a jury trial he was convicted on both counts and sentenced to a mandatory minimum of twenty years imprisonment. Tringali appeals his sentence and Hernandez appeals his conviction and sentence. We affirm.
I. Background
In December of 1993, "Mr. Alex," a native of Colombia, called the Drug Enforcement Agency ("DEA") office in Chicago to express his support for the DEA's anti-drug operations in Colombia, especially its role in the recent capture and death of Pablo Esco-bar, a notorious Colombian drug kingpin. The DEA saw an opportunity to infiltrate drug traffickers and recruited Alex to work as a cooperating individual.
In accordance with his agreement to provide the DEA with information, Alex named three people he suspected of trafficking in narcotics, Fernando Trujillo, Joseph Tringali and Ramon Hernandez. Alex had originally met Trujillo in 1991. During 1991 and 1992 Alex attended several parties with Trujillo, where he met Joseph Tringali and Ramon Hernandez. At one such party, Alex witnessed an argument between Trujillo and two other people regarding a drug debt. After witnessing this argument, Alex's contact with Trujillo waned.
Upon becoming a cooperating individual with the DEA, Alex sought to reestablish his connection with Trujillo. In late December of 1993, Alex attempted to contact Trujillo by using the pager number Trujillo had given him in 1991. Alex's attempts to locate Trujillo were unsuccessful, so he called a mutual acquaintance for suggestions and was informed that Trujillo was in jail, but that "Alfredo" might be able to help him. Alex eventually contacted "Alfredo." Alex testified that he remembered "Alfredo" to be the man named Ramon Hernandez whom he had met earlier through Trujillo.
When Alex contacted Hernandez, he told Hernandez that some foreign friends in Chicago were interested in purchasing cocaine. Hernandez indicated that he would look into the possibility of supplying cocaine. Approximately one week later, Hernandez informed Alex that he had conferred with his suppliers and, that if the deal could be done in California, the price per kilogram of cocaine would be $15,000 — $16,000, but, that if done in Chicago, the price would jump to $22,000 — $23,-000 per kilogram.
Over the next month, Alex and Hernandez negotiated the details of the drug deal. They agreed on an amount of ten kilograms, with delivery to take place in Chicago. They also agreed that Joe Tringali would deliver the drugs to Alex. But Hernandez later restructured the sale, stating that Tringali would start with a delivery of two kilograms of cocaine and if the transaction was successful, the remaining eight kilograms would follow. A few days after that conversation, Hernandez told Alex that Tringali was in Chicago "ready to make the cocaine business." Trin-gali also called Alex, stating that he was in Des Plaines, Illinois with the cocaine. During his conversation with Tringali, Alex expressed disappointment that he would not receive the entire ten kilograms of cocaine at one time. Tringali responded that they would complete the two kilogram transaction and that Alex would get the eight additional kilograms of cocaine "very soon."
The next day Tringali and Alex met in a parking lot to discuss the logistics of the cocaine transaction, and then proceeded to a motel, where Tringali opened a suitcase and showed Alex two kilograms of cocaine. Alex left the motel ostensibly to retrieve the "buy money" for the cocaine. The DEA then arrested Tringali in the motel room. During the arrest, DEA agents found in Tringali's room a business card with Hernandez's beeper number. Further investigation revealed that Tringali had placed two calls from the Des Plaines motel room to a house located at 545 11th Street, Imperial Beach, California. Hernandez was later arrested fleeing from this Imperial Beach home.
Based on these facts, a federal grand jury returned a two-count indictment charging Tringali and Alfredo (later identified as Hernandez) with conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute ten kilograms of cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846, and possession with intent to distribute two kilograms of cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). Under a plea agreement, the government dropped the conspiracy count, and Tringali pleaded guilty to the possession count. Trin-gali was sentenced to 140 months in prison and five years supervised release. Tringali appeals his sentence.
Hernandez pleaded not guilty. Following a three-day jury trial, he was convicted on both counts and sentenced to a statutory mandatory minimum of twenty years in prison and five years of supervised release. Hernandez appeals his conviction and sentence.
II. Analysis
On appeal, Hernandez asserts that the district court erred in admitting evidence of his 1984 conviction for conspiring to possess cocaine. In addition he claims error for the court's refusal to give a "mere presence" jury instruction. Hernandez also appeals his sentence, claiming first that the district court erred in determining that the conspiracy involved ten kilograms of cocaine, and second, that he was not subject to a 20-year mandatory minimum because the government failed to give him proper notice that it would seek such a sentencing enhancement based on his 1984 conviction for cocaine trafficking.
Tringali joins one aspect of the appeal, claiming the district court erred in sentenc ing him based on its finding that the conspiracy involved ten kilograms of cocaine. Given the limited nature of Tringali's appeal, we address his contentions within our discussion of the broader questions presented by Hernandez.
A W(b) Evidence
At the close of Hernandez's trial, the district court took judicial notice and presented to the jury the fact that in 1984 Hernandez was convicted in the Western District of New York of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute four kilograms of cocaine. On appeal, Hernandez claims this evidence constituted inadmissible character evidence improperly admitted under 404(b). Rule 404(b) of the Federal Rules of Evidence provides that:
Evidence of other crimes, wrongs or acts is not admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It may, however, be admissible for other purposes such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.
The district court found the evidence of Hernandez's 1984 conviction admissible under Rule 404(b) because it showed knowledge and intent, and the court admonished the jury to consider the testimony for that purpose only. We review the district court's decision for an abuse of discretion. United States v. Lampkins, 47 F.3d 175, 179 (7th Cir.1995).
In determining whether the district court abused its discretion in admitting the above evidence, this court considers whether:
(1) the evidence is directed toward establishing a matter in issue other than the defendants' propensity to commit the crime charged;
(2) the evidence shows that the other act is similar enough and close in time to be relevant to the matter in issue;
(3) there is sufficient evidence to support a finding by the jury that the defendants committed the similar act; and
(4)the probative value of the evidence is not outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.
Id.
In view of these four factors, the district court did not abuse its discretion by taking judicial notice of Hernandez's 1984 conviction. First, the evidence was directed toward Hernandez's knowledge and intent, and not to show his propensity to commit the crime charged. See United States v. Briscoe, 896 F.2d 1476, 1498-99 (7th Cir.1990) (holding that evidence of prior drug transactions by defendants in narcotics cases is admissible to show knowledge and intent under Rule 404(b)). Part of Hernandez's defense was that he could not put a large drug deal together. The prior four-kilo transaction showed he had the knowledge and intent to do so. Second, the 1984 conviction was similar- in time and manner to the issue presented in this case; both related to cocaine trafficking and both occurred within ten years. See, e.g., United States v. Mounts, 35 F.3d 1208, 1214-15 (7th Cir.1994) (attempted purchase of small amount of cocaine seven years before conspiracy was sufficiently similar and immediate under 404(b)). In fact, the 1984 conviction involved a conspiracy by the key players in this case: Tringali, Hernandez and Trujillo. The evidence also satisfied the third factor, since Hernandez was actually convicted of the proffered similar act. And finally, given the limiting jury instruction the district court did not abuse its discretion in finding that the probative value of the evidence in proving knowledge and intent was not outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice. Lampkins, 47 F.3d at 180 (court did not abuse discretion in concluding that probative value of the evidence was not outweighed by prejudice where court gave a careful limiting instruction). Therefore the district court properly admitted evidence of Hernandez's 1984 cocaine conspiracy conviction,.
B. Jury Instruction
Hernandez next asserts that he was denied a fair trial because the district court refused to give the jury a "mere presence" instruction. On appeal Hernandez claims that he was entitled to the "mere presence" instruction because he was "merely present" at the Imperial Beach home which Tringali called while he was in Illinois delivering the drugs to Alex.
Hernandez's attorney did submit a "mere presence" instruction and briefly discussed the evidence he claimed would merit giving it to the jury. But merely submitting an instruction is not enough. United States v. Douglas, 818 F.2d 1317, 1320 (7th Cir.1987). "A defendant must object, on the record, to the judge's refusal to tender the defendant's instructions, and must clearly state the reasons for his or her objections." Id. He did not object to the judge's refusal (and obviously gave no reasons). We therefore review the refusal for plain error. "Plain error must be of such a great magnitude that it probably changed the outcome of the trial." Id.
[A] defendant is entitled to an instruction on his or her theory of defense if: (1) the defendant proposed a correct statement of the law; (2) the defendant's theory is supported by the evidence; (3) the defendant's theory of defense is not part of the charge; and (4) the failure to include an instruction on the defendant's theory of defense in the jury charge would deny the defendant a fair trial.
Id. at 1320-21.
After reviewing the record, we conclude that Hernandez has failed to meet the second and fourth prongs of this test. As the district court noted in denying Hernandez's request for the "mere presence" instruction, the defendant had produced no evidence supporting the theory that he was merely present in this house when Tringali called. In fact, this argument was never made during the examination of the witnesses. Where a defendant fails to present a theory of defense during trial, it is not error to refuse an instruction based on "an eleventh-hour idea that materialized at the instruction conference." United States v. Baker, 40 F.3d 154, 162 (7th Cir.1994).
Furthermore, it cannot be said that the failure to include a "mere presence" instruction denied Hernandez a fair trial because the court's instructions already adequately informed the jury that presence alone was insufficient to convict. The court stated that to be found guilty of conspiracy Hernandez had to "knowingly and intentionally bec[o]me a member of the conspiracy." The court also instructed the jury that "the government must prove beyond a reasonable doubt, from the defendant's own acts and statements, that the defendant was aware of the common purpose and was a willing participant," and "that a person must knowingly associate himself with the criminal venture, participate in it, and try to make it succeed." Additionally, the court instructed the jury that Hernandez's "theory of the case was that he was not a knowing member of the conspiracy . and did not willingly participate in the conspiracy." Read as a whole, as we are required to do, the instructions adequately informed the jury that it could not convict Hernandez merely because he was present at the Imperial Beach home. Therefore, we find no plain error in refusing the instruction. United States v. Requarth, 847 F.2d 1249, 1254 (7th Cir.1988) ("If the essential elements of the allegedly erroneously omitted instruction were adequately covered by the court's other instructions, the omission will not constitute plain error."); United States v. Kehm, 799 F.2d 354, 368 (7th Cir.1986) (no plain error where "mere presence" instruction was refused in conspiracy case but adequately covered by remaining instructions).
C. Sentencing
Hernandez also appeals his sentence claiming that the district court erred in determining that the conspiracy involved ten kilograms of cocaine and in enhancing his sentence to the mandatory twenty-year minimum required by 21 U.S.C. § 851. Tringali joins in Hernandez's challenge to the district court's calculation of the quantity of drugs involved in the conspiracy.
1. Quantity of drugs.
The district court concluded that Hernandez and Tringali's conspiracy in this case involved ten kilograms of cocaine. The district court's determination of the quantity of drugs involved in an offense is a factual finding which must be supported by a preponderance of the evidence. United States v. Crawford, 991 F.2d 1328, 1330 (7th Cir.1993). This court must uphold such findings unless they are clearly erroneous. United States v. Buggs, 904 F.2d 1070, 1078 (7th Cir.1990).
Hernandez attacks the district court's finding by first arguing that he had only agreed to two kilograms and that Trin-gali had expanded the agreement on his own to ten kilograms. Even were that a plausible explanation, the evidence also supported the district court's conclusion that both defendants had agreed to a ten kilogram drug deal. Specifically, Alex testified that Hernandez had agreed to a ten kilogram deal. "Where there are two permissible views of the evidence, the factfinder's choice between them cannot be clearly erroneous." Anderson v. Bessemer City, 470 U.S. 564, 574, 105 S.Ct. 1504, 1512, 84 L.Ed.2d 518 (1985).
Both defendants also assert that they should not be responsible for ten kilograms of cocaine because the evidence was insufficient to support the conclusion that they were capable of producing the entire ten kilograms of cocaine. In support of their position, defendants rely on 2D1.4 of the Sentencing Guidelines which provides that:
Where the court finds that the Defendant did not intend to produce and was not reasonably capable of producing the negotiated amount, the court shall exclude from the guideline calculation the amount that it finds the Defendant did not intend to produce and was not reasonably capable of producing.
Here, the defendants argue that they lacked both the intent and the capability of producing the drugs. The evidence presented, however, established that over a period of months, the cooperating individual negotiated with Hernandez and Tringali to purchase ten kilograms of cocaine and that the final agreement provided for delivery in two tiers, with two kilograms delivered first, followed by the remaining eight kilograms. This supports the district court's conclusion that the defendants intended to provide ten kilograms of cocaine. The evidence also supports the district court's conclusion that the defendants were capable of producing the entire ten kilograms of cocaine. Specifically, on January 29, 1994, Alex spoke with Hernandez to discuss definite plans to purchase ten kilograms of cocaine. Hernandez informed Alex that the cocaine would be delivered in Chicago, but that they would bifurcate the delivery to minimize the risk of losing the cocaine. Later, in Chicago, Tringali told Alex that he would provide the additional eight kilograms of cocaine by the following weekend. Moreover, the evidence established that Hernandez had confided to Alex that he had lost $120,000 worth of cocaine when Trujillo was arrested and that he had been taking $10,-000&emdash;$20,000 from each deal to repay his suppliers. Based on the market value of cocaine in California, the $120,000 loss sup- ports the conclusion that the defendants were capable of producing ten kilograms of cocaine. Given this evidence, coupled with the defendants' continuous representations that the drug deal would be for a total of ten kilograms, the district court was not clearly erroneous in finding that a preponderance of the evidence supported the conclusion that the conspiracy involved ten kilograms of co- caine. 2. 21
U.S.C. § 851. At the
time of Hernandez's conviction, 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)-(1)(A) and 846 provided that a defendant convicted of conspiring to dis- tribute more than five kilograms of cocaine, who had a prior conviction for a felony drug offense, was subject to a twenty-year manda- tory minimum sentence. If the government intended to seek an enhancement based on a prior felony drug conviction under section 841, section 851 required the government to provide the defendant with notice prior to trial that it would be seeking such an enhancement. 21 U.S.C. § 851(a)(1); Kelly v. Kelly v. United States, 29 F.3d 1107, 1109-1110 (7th Cir.1994).
In this case, prior to trial the government sent Hernandez a copy of its filing with the district court seeking an enhanced statutory sentence based on Hernandez's 1984 federal cocaine conviction. The filing, however, inadvertently stated that it was to give "notice to defendant Javier Dias-Vargas of the government's intention to seek enhanced penalties pursuant to statute in the event that Alfredo Lnu, also known as 'Ramon Hernandez' is convicted in this case." Hernandez argues that since the filing stated that it was to provide another individual with notice, it was inadequate notice. We disagree.
Section 851 does not specify the particular form notice of an enhancement must take. United States v. Belanger, 970 F.2d 416, 419 (7th Cir.1992). Rather, notice will suffice under section 851 if the defendant receives reasonable notice and an opportunity to be heard regarding the possibility of an enhanced sentence. Id.
In this case, while the filing improperly stated that it was to provide Dias-Vargas notice, the filing was actually sent to and received by Hernandez. Moreover, the filing correctly stated the government's intent "to seek enhanced penalties pursuant to statute in the event that Alfredo Lnu, also known as 'Ramon Hernandez' is convicted in this ease." Thus, Hernandez received actual notice of the government's intent to seek enhanced penalties against him. That is more than sufficient for purposes of section 851. Moreover, in this ease, the government also filed notice of its intent to introduce the same 1984 conviction at trial to prove defendant's knowledge and intent regarding the charged crime, pursuant to Rule 404(b). Even if the section 851 notice was defective, when read in conjunction with the government's Rule 404(b) notice, Hernandez received sufficient notice under section 851. Belanger, 970 F.2d at 418-19 (holding that even if section 851 notice was deficient in text, when taken together with the Rule 404(b) notice, the enhancement notice was sufficient to alert the defendant to the government's intent to seek an enhanced sentence).
III. Conclusion
The district court did not err by admitting evidence of Hernandez's 1984 conspiracy conviction as 404(b) evidence of knowledge and intent. The district court also did not err in refusing Hernandez's "mere presence" instruction. We therefore Affirm Hernandez's conviction. We also Affirm Hernandez's twenty-year mandatory minimum sentence because the government provided Hernandez sufficient notice and because the district court did not err in concluding that the conspiracy involved ten kilograms of cocaine. For the same reason, we also Affirm Tringa-li's sentence. For these and the foregoing reasons, we
Affirm.
. For the security of the cooperating individual and his family, the government obtained a protective order that precluded the disclosure of Alex's full name or other identifying information.
. Moreover, the evidence established a relationship between Tringali and Hernandez which extended far beyond Hernandez's presence at the Imperial Beach home. For example, Alex testified that Hernandez had agreed to the ten-kilogram drug deal and had sent Tringali to Chicago to deliver the drugs.
. Before applying the twenty-year mandatory minimum to Hernandez, the district court calculated Hernandez's offense level under the Sentencing Guidelines. In doing so, the district court included a two-level enhancement for being an "organizer or manager" pursuant to 3B 1.1(c) of the Sentencing Guidelines. On appeal, Hernandez claims that the district court erred in enhancing his sentence two levels for being an "organizer or manager." Because the district court properly sentenced Hernandez under the statutory mandatory minimum, we need not reach Hernandez's challenge to the district court's application of the Sentencing Guidelines..
| 35,939 |
indextopoetryrec00gran_0_114
|
US-PD-Books
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,909 |
An index to poetry and recitations; being a practical reference manual for the librarian, teacher, bookseller, elocutionist, etc.;
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 8,219 | 13,363 |
Mighty, luminous, and calm. See Song of Palms. — O’Shaughnessy. Mighty man’s will, and sweeps a world-wide arc. See Laws and Law. — Weitzel. Mighty of heart, mighty of mind— “magnanimous.” See True Kings of the Earth, The. — Ruskin. Mild is the parting year, and sweet. See Autumn. — Landor. Mild offspring of a dark and sullen sire! See To An Early Primrose. — White. Mildly through the mists of night. See Chinook. — Stafford. Miles after miles of graves. See Catacombs, The. — ( Golden Hours.) Millburg was in want of a school-teacher. See Bridget as a School-teacher. — Adeler. Millee Maudee Muller. See Chinese Version of “Maud Muller,” A. — Smiley. Millennium at hand! — I’m delighted to hear it. See Millennium. — Moore. Millions of massive raindrops. See Rain. — Anon. “Milors and gentlemans,” commences the Frenchman. See Charity Dinner, The (Frenchman Proposes the Ladies, A). — Mosely. Milors and gentlemen! You excellent chairman, M. le Baron de Mount-Stuart. See Charity Dinner, The (Speech of M. Hector de Longuebeau). — Mosely. Milton! thou shouldst be living at this hour. See London, 1802. — Wordsworth. Mimi, do you remember. See Biftek aux Champig¬ nons. — Beers. Mind of man, what have you wrought. See Song of the Battle-ships. — Harper. Mind, you let me out at one. Of course, I know you only obey orders. See In Pitti. — La Rame. “Mine.” A gingham apron — please don’t stare. See One Summer. — J. M. L. Mine are the night and morning. See Song of Nature. — Emerson. Mine be a cot beside the hill. See Wish, A. — Rogers. Mine be the breezy hill that skirts the down. See Minstrel, The; or. The Progress of Genius. — Beattie Mine cracious! Mine cracious! Shust look here and see. See Dot Baby off Mine. — Adams. Mine eyes are dim; what hath she written? Read. See Queen Mary. — Tennyson. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord. See Battle Hymn of the Republic. — Howe. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord. See Battle Hymn of the Republic. — Howard. Mine eyes to mine eyelids cling thickly. See Brandy and Soda. — Howard. Mine eyes to mine eyelids cling thickly. See Blessings in Disguise. — Anon. Mine friends, when first you come here, you were poor. See Dutch Sermon, A. — Anon. Mine friends, it was a poor schismall feller. See Schake and Agers. — Brown. Mine honesty and I begin to square. See Antony and Cleopatra (Oracle). — Shakespeare. Mine horse is shloped. See Deitsche Advertisement. — Wolf "Mine host," lay there at dead of night. See Landlord’s Last Moments, The. — Jones. Mine is a strange, wild, for wild, strange story — the strangest you ever heard. See Old Actor’s Story, The. — Sims. Mine name is Hans Krauples. I have so pigger a family. See Dutchman’s Experience, The. — Anon. Mingled ate with fragrant yearnings. See Blue Moon shine. — Stokes. Minnie and Winnie slept in a she'll. See Minnie and Winnie. — Tennyson. Minnie, let us act up like the big girls do. See Personating Olders. — Anon. Minnie, let us act up like the big girls do. See Richard III. — Saltus. Miraculous genius, grasping at the whole! See Richard III. — Saltus. "Mirandy, I’m going up to see the parson." See Parson’s Conversion, The.; — Murray. Mirror, your sweet eyes in mine, love. See Lover’s Lullaby, A. — Sterry. Mirry, Margaret, as mydsome flowre. See Garlande of Laurell, The. — Anon. Misfortune to have lived not knowing thee! See Emerson. — Alcott. Mislike me not for my complexion. See Merchant of Venice, The. — Shakespeare. Miss Agnes had two or three dolls, and a box. See Hoyden, The. — Turner. Miss Agnes, though she led her class. See Naughty Greek Girl, The. — Anon. Miss Annabel McCarty was invited to a party. See Foolish Flowers, The. — Ri chards. Miss Dora Delaine of West Livingston Place. See Similia Similibus Curantur. — Newell. “Miss Emersonia Osgoodson will now favor the company with a recitation.” See “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.” — Anon. Miss Flora McFlimsey, of Madison Square. See Nothing to Wear. — Butler. Miss Flora! the cook has given warning. See Romance of the War, A. — Anon. Miss Furbelow is all the go. See Coming Woman, The. — Kavanaugh. Miss Helen was always too giddy to heed. See Giddy Girl, The. — Turner. Miss Julia was induced to give a taste of her musical powers. See Fashionable Singing. — (Baltimore Elocutionist.) Miss Kindly is aunt to everybody. See Aunt Kindly. — Parker. Miss Kitty was rude at the table one day. See Lost Pudding, The. — Turner. Miss Lucy was a charming child. See Richard’s Reformation. — Turner. Miss Maggie, you’re to come down this minute. See Mill on the Floss, The (Maggie Cuts her Hair). — Eliot. Miss Marshall is late this morning, isn’t she? See Keystone. — Rook. Miss Medairy Dory-Ann. See Session with Uncle Sidney, A (Imperious Angler, The). — Riley. Miss Medairy Dory-Ann. See Session with Uncle Tom, A (Imperious Angler, The). — Stowe. Miss Pallas Eudora von Plurky. See Rhyme of the Time, A. — Anon. Miss Rosewame, I hope you will believe me when I say. See When Angry, Count a Hundred. — Cavazzi. Miss Simmons had on her new bonnet today. See Miss Simmons’ New Bonnet. — Raymond. Miss Sophy, one fine summer day. See Ambitious Sophy. — Turner. Miss, will you accept these flowers? See Conversation under Difficulties. — Anon. Missal of the Gothic Age. See To a Missal of the Thirteenth Century. — Dobson. Misshapen, black, unlovely to the sight. See Bulb, A. — Munkittrick. Mist clogs the sunshine. See Consolation. — Arnold. Mr. Adam Baines is a little gray about the temples. See Ride by Night, The. — Thomson. Mr. and Mrs. Blinks were an argumentative couple. See How Mr. Blinks Named the Baby. — Howard. Mr. and Mrs. Bolivar Pyke had been married about six weeks. See Their First Unpleasantness. — Anon. Mr. and Mrs. Jones had just finished their breakfast. See Baby’s First Tooth, The. — Bailey. Mr. Bertram, paralytic, and almost incapable of moving. See Guy Mannering (Death of Mr. Bertram, The). — Scott. Mr. Blake was a regular out-and-out hardened sinner. See Lost Mr. Blake. — Gilbert. Mr. Bones, and Mr. Tambo, I am about to open a Museum. See Curiosities for a Museum. — Anon. Mr. Bones, we are having fine weather. See End Gag. — Anon. FIRST LINE INDEX Mr. President Mr. Bowser doesn't intend to let sickness or death get ahead of us. See Mr. Bowser Takes Precautions. — Lewis. Mr. Bresident and Mr. Schendlemans: I have much felt got that you meet me on this grade ewent. See German Anniversary Speech of Herr Hans Yager, The. — (Kentucky State Journal.) Mr. Bret Harte once told so charming a story about a bear. See Bear at Appledore, The. — Thaxter. Mr. Brooks, my opinion is that that Western Union stock. See Stockade. — Anon. Mr. Brown is one of our most enterprising merchants. See Mr. Brown has his Hair Cut. — Anon. “Mr. Brown, you don’t want to buy a first-rate wooden leg, do you!” See Wooden Leg, The. — Adeler. Mr. Busyman Piper A family had. See That “Fellow” who Came on Sundays. — Dodge. Mr. Chairman and Fellow-Democrats — I take this to be a dress-parade of the boys in the trenches. See Star of Democracy, The. — Watterson. Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: — I plead guilty to the soft impeachment. See Tribute to East Tennessee, A. — Haynes. Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention I would be presumptuous, indeed. See Free Silver Coinage. — Bryan. Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention I would be presumptuous, indeed. See Free Silver Coinage. — Bryan. Mr. Chairman, I feel most deeply the rejection of the Reform Bill. See Rejection of the Reform Bill. — Smith. Mr. Chairman, it has been advanced as a principle. See Speech on the Compromises of the Constitution (General Government and the States, The). — Hamilton. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: On an important occasion in the life of the Master. See Better Part, The. — Washington. Mr. Chairman, our confederacy has within its vast limits a great diversity of interests. See On American Industry. — Clay. Mr. Chairman: — The resolution proposed providing the means to defray the expenses of a mission. See America’s Duty to Greece — Clay. Mr. Chairman, you may open the court. See Scene in Court, A. — Anon. Mr. Easyman sat in his padded chair. See What is it to Me? — Shillaber. Mr. Ferdinand Plum was a grocer by trade. See Shadow on the Blind, The. — Anon. Mr. Fillisy came home in hot haste. See Burglar Alarm, The (Mrs. Fillisy’s Burglar-alarm). — Arnold. Mr. Finney had A turnip. See Mr. Finney’s Turnip. — Anon. Mr. Fogg has a strong tendency to exaggeration in conversation. See Mr. Fogg’s Account of a Scientific Experiment. — Anon. Mr. Forbes is rather a nervous man, and it is not surprising. See Driving the Cow. — (Burlington Hawkeye.) Mr. George Adair rents houses to thirteen hundred tenants. See Prohibition in Atlanta. — Grady. Mr. Hastings, in the magnificent paragraph which concludes this communication. See Impeachment of Warren Hastings (Character of Justice). — Sheridan. Mr. Hawkins, in the magnificent paragraph which concludes this communication. See Rowland for an Oliver, A. "Mr. Hoffenstein," said Herman, as he folded up a pair of pants. See Hoffenstein's Bugle. — (N. O. Times-Democrat.) Mr. John Winfield, proprietor of the Winfield Rajch. See Nine Cent Girls, The. — Bunner. Mr. Johnson, can you tell me why a baby should never be taken into a painter's studio. See Tambo on Babies. — Anon. Mr. Johnson, did you hear about my getting discharged from the hotel? See Waiting to see Him off. — Anon. Mr. Johnson, did you ever see my gal? See Musical Mary Jane. — Anon. Mr. Jonathan Bangs was an honest old man. See Mr. Jonathan Bangs. — Cole. Mr. Jonsing, did you ever go out on one of the dose little nic-pics? See Bones at a Picnic. — Anon. Mr. Jonsing, did you know the difference between a donkey and a postage stamp? See Bones at a Picnic. — Anon. Mr. Jonsing, where did you spend your Holidays last summer? See Bones goes a-Hunting. — Anon. Mr. Lowell says somewhere that the art of writing See Lowell, Extract Concerning.— Hawes. Mr. Middlerib paused with his coffee-cup raised half way to his lips. See Mrs. Middlerib’s Letter. — (Burlington Hawkeye.) Mr. Mildmay. — Bravissimo! See Still Waters Run Deep. — Taylor. Mr. Mills, the minister, was a stranger. See Mrs. Brown’s Husbands. — Anon. “Mister, no doubt you have all the learning. See Slim Teacher of Cranberry Gulch, The. — Anon. Mr. Orator Puff had two tones in his voice. See Orator Puff. — Moore. Mr. Percival Satterlee was anxiously considering a communication. See Halliday Hunt Breakfast, The.— Stoddart. Mr. Pickwick, in company with a japanned candle stick. See Pickwick Papers, The (Mr. Pickwick’s Romantic Adventure with a Middle-aged Lady in Yellow Curl-papers). — Dickens. Mr. Pickwick's apartments in Goswell Street. See Pickwick Papers, The (Mr. Pickwick in a Dilemma). — Dickens. Mr. Plum was retiring one night. See Shadow on the Blind. The.— Anon. Mr. President and Fellow-Citizens of New York: — The facts with which I shall deal. See Cooper Institute Address. — Lincoln. Mr. President and Gentlemen: It would in some measure relieve my embarrassment. See Address at the Harvard Alumni Dinner. — Washington. Mr. President, and Gentlemen of this here lyceum. See Egyptian Debate. — Burnett. Mr. President, and Gentlemen of this here lyceum. See Egyptian Debate. — Burnett. Mr. President, Classmates, Ladies and Gentlemen. See Dux's Speech. — (Phoenix, The.) Mr. President, do men propose to us seriously. See Free Press, A. — Baker. Mr. President, eloquent allusions have been made here to the ominous condition of Europe. See On Precedents in Government. — Cass. Mr. President, — For the second time in this generation, see Memorial Address on the Life and Character of James A. Garfield (Eulogy on Garfield). — Blaine. Mr. President, Friends: Ninety-seven, about to die, salutes you! See Class Will. — Anon. Mr. President, Happiness is like a crow perched upon the neighboring top. See Speech on Happiness. — Anon. Mr. President, I am coming very close. See True Americanism. — Lodge. Mr. President, I am coming very close. See Affairs in Cuba (Plea for Cuba, A). — Thursday. Mr. President, I am not ashamed to say in any presence. See New England Character. — Blaine. Mr. President, I am oppressed with a sense of the impropriety. See Strewing Flowers on the Graves of Union Soldiers (Decoration Day Address). — Garfield. Mr. President, I have designedly dwelt so long on the probable effects. See Plea for the Union. Seward. Mr. President, I have thus stated the reasons of my dissent to the doctrines. See Reply to Hayne, The Liberty and Union. — Webster. Mr. President, I regret, speaking for myself. See True War Spirit, The. — Hoar. Mr. President, I shall enter on no encomium upon Massachusetts. See Reply to Hayne, The (Tribute to Massachusetts). — Webster. Mr. President, I shall not acknowledge that the honorable member goes before me. See Reply to Hayne, The (South Carolina and Massachusetts). — Webster. Mr. President, I should have much preferred to hear [or I should much prefer to have heard] from every member on this floor. See Constitution and the Union, The (Peaceable Secession). — Webster. Mr. President, if the Senate is not responsible. See Great Britain and America. — Wolcott. Mr. President, in the Committee on Foreign Relations. See Cuba. — Frye. Mr. President, it is gravely argued. See Monroe Doctrine, The. — Thurston. Mr. President, it is gravely argued. See Speech in the Virginia Convention, 1775. — Henry. Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: — The wise man Solomon. See Centennial Speech. — McIntyre. Mr. President, men must have liberty. See Affairs in Cuba (Cuba). — Thurston. Mr. President, men must have liberty. See Speech in the Virginia Convention (Call to Arms, The). — Henry. Mr. President: On the great questions which occupy us. See Natural Hatred of the Poor to the Rich, The (Fraudulent Party Outcries). — Webster. Mr. President, public men must certainly be allowed to change their opinions. See Constitution and the Union, The (On Sudden Political Conversions). — Webster. Mr. President: The eagle is a noble bird. See American Eagle, The. — Anon. Mr. President: The great events on which my resignation depended. See General Washington’s Resignation. — Washington. Mr. President, the State in whose representation I bear a part. See Compromise Measures, The (Massachusetts and the Union). — Webster. Mr. President, the subject afore the meeting for debate this evening is Newspapers. See Crab Village Lyceum. — Anon. Mr. President, the uneasy desire to augment our territory. See Unjust National Acquisitions. — Corwin. Mr. President, these are the culminating hours of a closing scene. See Eulogy on Representative Burns of Missouri. — Ingalls. Mr. President, these are the culminating hours of a closing scene. See Eulogy on Representative Burns of Missouri. — Ingalls. President, this question of our duty. See America’s Mission. — Beveridge. Mr. President, we had a short discussion the other day upon the subject. See Monroe Doctrine, The. — Cass. Mr. President, we must distinguish a little. See Unity toward Great Britain. — Choate. Mr. President, we must distinguish a little. See Reply to Hayne, The. — Webster. Mr. Secretary, what is our business with these lads? See Brave Boston Boys. — Harrison. “Mr. Shaker,” said I, “you see before you a Babe in the Woods, so to speak.” See Artemus Ward Visits the Shakers. — Brown. Mr. Shaker, and Shendlemen of the Shoory. See Pretzel’s Speech before the Illinois Assembly. — Pretzel. Mr. Skinner, a respectable middle-aged gentleman. See Mr. and Mrs. Skinner. — Hardwick. Mr. Smith is a quiet, respectable citizen of Frost Hollow. See Night of Horror, A. — Anon. Mister Socrates Snooks, a lord of creation. See Socrates Snooks. — Anon. Mr. Speaker, — Among all the people of the universe. See Against the Succession of Richard Cromwell to the Protectorate. — Vane. Mr. Speaker: As to those great trunk-lines. See Duluth. — Knott. Mr. Speaker, I have one word to say, before I sit down, to the gentleman from Kentucky. See Cumberland Road, The. — Corwin. Mr. Speaker, I rise to ask you to place in the new House of Representatives. See Historic Codfish, The. — Irwin. Mr. Speaker, it behooves the piety as well as the wisdom of Parliament. See Folly of Religious Persecution, The. — Anon. Mr. Speaker, — Now, there has been a great deal of bombast here today. See Buncombe Speech. — Anon. Mr. Speaker, — Now, there has been a great deal of bombast here today. See Buncombe Speech. — Anon. Mr. Speaker, — The Address to the King, upon the disturbances in North America. See Sold Predictions. — Wilkes. Mr. Speaker: The mingled tones of sorrow, like the voice of many waters. See Death of John Q. Adams.— Holmes. Mr. Speaker: Whether this measure shall prevail. See Tribute to the Men of Maine, A. — Cousins. Mr. Speaker, why shall we destroy this Government? See Why Destroy this Government? — Nelson. Mr. Speaker, why shall we destroy this Government? See My Bread on the Waters. — Catlin. Mr. Thikhed called on Miss Brightlooks last Monday. See Thikhed’s New Year’s Call. — Anon. Mr. Timothy Figg got lost in the fog. See Rescue of Mr. Figg, The. — Anon. Mr. Timothy Figg got lost in the fog. See Rescue of Mr. Figg, The. Mr. Thorpe had lost his position at Jonathan Black and Brothers. See Dorothy’s Auction. — Plympton. Mr. Travers had told me momamillion times. See Jimmy Brown’s Dog. — Alden. Mr. Tulkinghorn, the lawyer, smoke-dried and faded. See Bleak House (Tulkinghorn, the Lawyer, and Mademoiselle Selle Hortense). — Dickens. Mr. Watkins is a gentle old man, living on Ninth Avenue. See Fourth of July, The. — (Detroit Free Press.) Mr. Watson! Mr. Watson! I wonder why Mr. Watson doesn’t come. See Striking Oil. — McBride. Mr. Weller having obtained leave of absence from Mr. Pickwick. See Pickwick Papers. The (Elder Mr. Weller Delivers some Critical Sentiments Respecting Literary Composition, The). — Dickens. Mrs. B. is my wife; and her alarms are those produced by a delusion. See Mrs. B’s Alarms. — Payn. Mrs. Catherine Lavina Fairweather; that must mean the old lady. See Deaf Uncle Zed. — Anon. Mrs. Centre was jealous. Sie Schooling a Husband. — Anon. Mrs. Chertsy loved to curtsy. See Curtsy, The. — Meyers. Mrs. Chub was rich and portly. See Jupiter and Ten. — Fields. Mrs. Corney, the matron of the workhouse, sat herself down before a cheerful fire. See Oliver Twist (Courtship of Mr. Bumble and Mrs. Corney, The). — Dickens. “Mrs. Gray has sent home my new bonnet, Bessy.” See Mill on the Floss, The (Aunt Pullet’s Bonnet). — Eliot. Mrs. Guptill was a woman who. See Mrs. Guptill Gets Ahead of the Grip. — Smith. Mrs. June is ready for school. See Mrs. June’s Prospectus. — Coolidge. Mrs. Kemble often used to say of people who met her. See Frances Anne Kemble. — James. “Mrs. Leo Hunter, The Den, Eatanswille.” See Pickwick Papers, The (Mrs. Leo Hunter). — Dickens. Mrs. Lofty keeps a carriage. See Mrs. Lofty and I. — Anon. Mrs. Luvovaine was studying elocution. See Trial at Elocution, A. — Head. “Mrs. M’Gra, — -Tear-an’-ages, sure I need not be treating her that way.” See Charles O’Malley (Mickey Free’s Letter to Mrs. M’Gra). — Lever. Mrs. McShane decided one day. See Mrs. McShane’s Shopping Expedition. — Smith. Mrs. Marigold is a dear old lady. See Mrs. Marigold. — Anon. Mrs. Mulkittle started on a visit to friends living in the suburbs. See Inquisitive Boy, The.— Anon. Mrs. Nipkin, West Twenty-fifth Street, has rooms. See What Will Become of the Children. — Croly. “Mistress of gods and men! I have been thine.” See Pygmalion. — Scott. Mrs. Opie, in her “Illustrations of Lying.” See Fatal Falsehood, The. — Anon. Mistress Penelope Penwick, she. See Ballad of Sweet P., The. Cloud. Mrs. Perkins, it’s a burning shame — so it is — the cross old curmudgeon. See How She Cured Him. — Anon. Mrs. Piper was a widow. See Mrs. Piper. — Douglas. Mrs. Pussy, sleek and fat. Nee Mrs. Pussy. — Anon. Mrs. Rogers lay in her bed. See Doctor’s Story, The. — (Medical World.) Mixed with the masque of death’s old comedy. See Theophile Gautier. — Swinburne. Moan, moan, ye dying gales! See same. — Neele. Moans the bay. See Dirge of Cael, The. — Sigerson. Moderation is counseled. See Arraignment of Rum, The. — Foster. Moderation! You, Mr. Renwick, counsel moderation. See Covenanters and Charles Stuart, The. — Galt. Mohammed, Emir of Granada, kept. Nee Emir’s Game of Chess, The. — {London Speaker.) Mohammed, the divine, ere yet his name. See Mohammed. — Meredith. Mollie had a little ram as black as a rubber shoe. See Mollie’s Little Ram. — Anon. “Molly, and Maggie, and Alice.” See Hold Fast what I Give You. — Warner. Mollie Muldoon was an Irish girl. See Mollie Muldoon. Momentous to himself as I to me. See Insight. — Watson. Moment there are in life — alas, how few! See same. — Southey Monarch of floods! How shall I approach thee? See Niagara. — Anon. FIRST LINE INDEX Mother Monday’s bairn is fair in the face. See Birthday Week, The. — Anon. Monday’s child is fair of face. See Days of Birth. — Anon. ’Mongst all your virtues. See Charity. — Middleton. Monkey, little merry fellow. See Monkey, The. — Howitt. Monseigneur, monseigneur! Does your Grandeur know where the plate basket is? See Les Miserables (Bishop’s Silver Candlesticks, The). — Hugo. "Monsieur Adam, he wakes [or vake] up." See Frenchman’s Account of the Fall, A. — Anon. Monsieur Adam was all alone in the garden. See Mme. Eef. — Anon. Monsieur Chabot was a Frenchman of high connections. See Frenchman’s Revenge, The. — Anon. Monsieur McGinte, allait en bas jusqu’au fond du mer. See Monsieur McGinte. — Anon. Monsieur the Cur, down the street. See Cure’s Progress, The. — Dobson. Monsieur the Under-prefect is on his rounds. See Under-prefect The. — Anon. Mont Blanc is the monarch of mountains. See Manfred. — Byron. Montcalm and his chief officers held a council of war. See Battle of the Plains of Abraham, The. — Parkham. Monuments and birthday anniversaries should be commemorative. See Obligations of Wealth, The. — Anon. Mony a time and often I had heard of play acting. See Mansie Waugh’s First and Last Play. — Moir. "Mooly cow, mooly cow, home from the wood." See Cow-boy’s Song, The. — Wells. Moon, moon, where are you going? See Child’s Good Night, The. — Holmes. Moon of Harvest, herald mild. See To the Harvest Moon. — White. Moon so bright, stars alight. See Skating Song. — Warburton. Moon, so round and yellow. See same. — Anon. "Mordaunt," she called him. In a novel book. See Baby’s Name, The. — Anon. More can truthfully be said to the praise of the worthies, the Pilgrims. See Fidelity to God is Fidelity to Man. — Gordon. More in the garden grows than what is sown. See same. — Bonar. More love or more disdain I crave. See Against Indifference. — Webbe. More love to Thee, O Christ! See same. — Prentiss. More men are trying to be prosperous than are trying to be good. See Pursuit of Character and Service. — Brooks. More, more! My cry is never stilled. See Grave, The. — Davenport. More of good than we can tell. See Temperance. — Anon. More servants wait on man. See Man. — Herbert. More she had spoken, but yawned — all nature nods. See Dunciad, The. — Pope. More shy than the shy violet. See Quaker Ladies. — Cortissoz. More than a century gone today. See Elopement in Seventy-five. — Anon. More than I have said, loving countrymen. See King Richard III. (Earl of Richmond to his Army, The). — Shakespeare. More than most fair, full of the living fire. See Amoreti and Epithalamion (Sonnet: “More than most fair,” etc.). — Spenser. More than the soul of ancient song is given. See Poet of Today, The. — Lippincott. More things are wrought by prayer. See Morte d’Arthur (“More things are wrought,” etc.). — Tennyson. Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel. See First Corinthians, XV. — Bible. Morn is the time to wake. See Morn. — Gray. Mornin, sir. I see you want a boy. See Brave Woman, A. — Anon. Morning! all speedeth well: the bright sun. See Ship on Fire, The. — Bateman. Morning! Baby on the floor. See Mother’s Diary, A. — Anon. Morning dawns on the heights of Sedan. See Riderless Steeds, The. — Anon. Morning, evening, noon and night. See Boy and the Angel, The. — Browning. Morning, sir! Good-morning. See Train to Mauro, The. — Frost. Morning, frosty grow, and cold. See In September. — (Sunday Afternoon.) Morpheus, the humble god, that dwells. See Song from “The Sophy.” — Denham. Morpheus, the lively son of deadly Sleep. See Astrophylus and Stella (Sonnet XXXII.). — Sidney. Mortal mixed of middle clay. See Guy. — Emerson. Mortals there are who seem, all over, flame. See On the Tombs in Westminster Abbey. — Beaumont. Mortals there are who seem, all over, flame. See On the Death of Canon Kingsley. — Hayne. Moses led the world’s first emancipation movement, liberating three million slaves. See Sketch of Moses, A. — Hastings. Moses Sparrow was very, very green. See Summer Boarder, The. — Anon. Moses, who spake with God as with his friend. See Death of Moses, The. — Eliot. Most glorious Lord of life! that, on this day. See Amoretti and Epithalamion (Easter Morning). — Spencer. Most like it was this kingly lad. See Born to the Purple. — Riley. Most potent grave and reverend signiors. See Othello, the Moor of Venice (Othello’s Defense). — Shakespeare. Most potent grave and reverend signiors. See Toast to the Lovers and Husbands of the Shakespeare Club. — Anon. Most strange! Most queer — although most excellent a change! See Rationalistic Chicken, The. — Anon. Most sweet is it with unuplifted eyes. See Inner Vision, The. — Wordsworth. Most welcome. Calumny! Come speak! See Power of Justice, The. — Kavanaugh. Most wives will end their story with. See Model Husband, The. — Denny. Mother birdie stiff and cold. See Poor Little Children. — Hugo. Mother dear, what is the water saying? See High Tide, The. — Anon. Mother has gone out for the day, Joe. See Civility Never Lost. — Anon. Mother, has the dove that nestled. See Ministering Angels. — Judson. Mother, has the dove that nestled. See same. — Anon. Mother, I cannot mind my wheel. See same. — Lan-dor. Mother, I feel death’s icy chill. See Just Twenty-one. — Todd. Mother, I see with your nursery light. See Best. — Jackson. Mother, I want a piece of cake. See Domestic Scene, A. — Anon. Mother, if I were a flower. See Harebell, A. Lar- Mother! Is that the passing bell? See "Dark Girl" by the "Holy Well," The. — Keegan. "Mother, it rains!" and tears like rain fell down. See Rain-lesson, The. — Sigourney. Mother, may I go down to the skating pond tonight? See Evening at Home, An. — Anon. Mother, mother, the winds are at play. See Child 3 Wish in June. — Gilman. Mother, mother, up in heaven. See Bertha in the Lane. — Browning. Mother, move a little nearer — I’m so lonely in the dark. See Willie Clark. — Garrett. Mother of Hermes! and still youthful Maia! See Fragment of an Ode to Maia. — Keats. Mother of nations, of them eldest we. See America to England. — Woodberry. Mother of our own dear mother, good old grandam, wake and smile! See Grandmother, The. Mother of the Fair Delight. See Ave. Rossetti. Mother of the Fair Delight. See Ave. Rossetti. Mother of the Fair Delight. See Young Gray Head, The.— (Blackwood's Magazine.) Mother, see! the stars are out. See Starlight. See Love Wins. Mother, the birdies all love father. Love. — Anon. D. Jot her was away, and, in consequences, cross, Archie, and Tom. See Mice at Play. Forest. Jother, watch the little feet. See Mother, Watch!— Jother wept, and father sighed. See Mother Wept. Skipsey. Mother, what ugly feet Clara Harvey has. See Beautiful Feet. — Anon. "Mother, where are the flowers gone?" See God’s Work. — Brooke. Mother, who in the days of childhood. See Mother’s Prayer. — Crawford. Mother, who make the stars which light. See Who Made Them. — Anon. Mother, will you tell us more about those beautiful countries. See Little Travelers, The. — Anon. Mother’s quite distracted. See Baby’s Ring. — Cary. Motionless, in a dark, cold cell in Rome. See Epiphani. — Palmer. Motions and means, on land and sea at war. — See Steamboats, Viaducts, and Railways. — Words worth. Mount Flibbertygibbet? Of course, Ben; don’t I know horse and tricks full well? See Flibberty’gibbet and Me. — Mackenzie. Mount Vesuvius was fast burying the city. See Last Days of Pompeii (Nydia’s Sacrifice). — Bulwer-Lytton. Mountains! who was your builder? See Mountains. — Morse. Mounted on Kyrat strong and fleet. See Leap of Roushan Beg, The. — Longfellow. Mourn, great McGregor, mourn! Thou youngest. See Funeral of the Mountains, The.— Brooks. Mourn, hapless Caledonia, mourn. See Tears of Scotland, The.— Smollett. Mourn, hills and groves of Attica! See Dion. — Words worth. Mournfully! oh, mournfully. See Midnight Wind, The. — Motherwell. Mournfully, sing mournfully. See Nightingale’s Death Song, The. — Hemans. Move along a trifle, stranger, just a little; don’t you see. See Ole Bull’s Christmas. — Bruce. Move me that jasmine further from the bed. See Death's of Myron and Klydone, The. — Webster. "Move my armchair, faithful Pompey." See On the Shores of Tennessee. — Beers. Mowers, weary and brown, and blithe. See Scythe Song. — Lang. Mozzer bought a baby. See Nose out of Joint. — Adams. Much as We are indebted to our observatories. See Uses of Astronomy, The (Wonders of the Dawn, The). — Everett. Much has been said by poets wise. See Recitation for a Small Boy. — Kavanaugh. Much has I spoken of the faded leaf. See November. — Stoddard. Much have I spoken of the faded leaf. See On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer. — Keats. Much, however, as we are indebted to our observatories. See Uses of Astronomy, The (Sunrise). — Everett. Much, however, as we are indebted to our observatories. See Uses of Astronomy, The (Sunrise). — Everett. Much, however, as we are indebted to our observatories. See Whittier, Extract Concerning. — Scudder. Much, however, as we are indebted to our observatories. See In Favor of Tobacco. — Rowlands. Much, however, as we are indebted to our observatories. See In Favor of Tobacco. — Rowlands. Muffled tones in secret conclave. Nee Dynamiter’s Daughter, The. — Jackson. Muffled, potato, tomato, — oh, there. See All Ending in "O". — Caldwell. Murphy, what’s the meaning of mystery? See Murphy’s Mystery of the Pork-barrel. — Anon. Muse of the many-twinkling feet, whose charms. See Waltz, The. — Byron. Muses and Graces appear! See Her First Train. — Watrous. Muses, that sing Love’s sensual empiric. See same. — Chapman. Music as of the winds when they awake. See Beethoven. — Todhunter. Music, music hath its sway. See Saul (Flight of Malzah, The). — Heavysege. Music of bells when the night is gone. See Children’s Voices. — Chatfield. Music, when soft voices die. See Same. — Shelley. Musical! how much lies in that. Nee On Heroes and Hero Worship (“Musical”) How much, etc. — Carlyle. Must all tradition then be set aside? See Tradition. — Dryden. Must I budge? Must I observe you? See Julius Caesar. — Shakespeare. Must I despise thee too, as well as hate thee? See Revenge. — Young. Must I thus leave thee, Paradise! thus leave. See Paradise Lost (Eve's Lamentation). — Milton. Mute, sightless visitant. See Helen Keller. — Stedman. Muzzer's bought a baby. See Charley's Opinion of the Baby. — Anon. My absent daughter — gentle, gentle maid. See Living Memory, A. — Croffut. My aunt! my dear unmarried aunt! See My Aunt. — Holmes. My auntie has a parlor grand. See Auntie's Parlor. — Richards. My baby boy sat on the floor. See Baby's Visitor. — (Allant x Constitution.) My bachelor's den is a queer old pen. See Bachelor's Love Song, A. — Ryan. My banks they are furnished with bees. See Pastoral Ballad (Shepherd’s Home, The).— Shenstone. My beautiful! my beautiful! that standest meekly by. See Arab’s Farewell to his Horse, The. — Norton. My beautiful new watch had run eighteen months. See Mark Twain’s Watch.— Clemens. My bed is like a little boat. See My Bed is a Boat. — Stevenson. My beloved brother, before I take my text, I must tell you. No, Brother Watkins. — Gough. My beloved brother, before I take my text, I must tell you. No, Brother Watkins. — Gough. My better half desired a wheel, I argued and I thundered. See Price, The. — Masson. My birthday! what a different sound. See My Birthday. — Moore. My birthplace, the home of my childhood and earlier and later boyhood. See Poet at the Breakfast-table, The (Gambrel-roofed House and its Outlook, The). — Holmes. My blessing with thee [or you]! See Hamlet (Polonius to Laertes). — Shakespeare. My blood hath been too cold and temperate. See King Henry IV., Pt. I. — Shakespeare. My blood so red for thee was shed. See Call, The. — Anon. My boat is on the shore. See To Thomas Moore. — Byron. My body answers you, my blood. See Music of Hungary. — Aldrich. My body, eh? Friend Death, how now? See Habeas Corpus. — Jackson. My body sleeps; my heart awakes. See Indian Love Song. — Lytton. — My body was part of the sun and the dew. See In Love’s Eternity. — O’Shaughnessy. My books I’d fain cast off, I cannot read. See Summer Rain, The. — Thoreau. My boy and I rode in the train. See His Profession. — Anon. My boy, do you know the boy I love? See Boy, Love, The. — Anon. My boy, Kree? See Kree. — Gordon. My boy left me just twelve years ago. See Ballad of the Shamrock, The. — O’Brien. My boy sat looking straight into the coals. See Their Mother. — Anon. My brave associates, partners of my toil, my feelings and my fame! See Pizarro (Rolla to the Peruvians) — Sheridan. My bredren! one time, long, long ago. See Noten like a Patience. — Oughton. My Breethering and sistering of Skilletville; I rise this morning full of indignation. See Burst of Indigination, A. — McBride. My brethren, be not many masters. See St. James (Power of the Tongue, The). — Bible. My brier that smelled sweet. See Brier, The. — Lan-dor. My brigantine! See same. — Cooper. My brother Jack was nine in May. See Baby’s Debut, The. — Smith. My brother Jim, he’s in the regiment. See Guardsman, The. — Finnegan. My brother Tom is just too mean. See Tom’s Eyes and Mine. — (Popular Educator.) My brother sittin’ on the tree of life. See Roll, Jordan, Roll. — Anon. FIRST LINE INDEX My father My business on the jury’s done — the quibbling all is through. See Going Home Today. — Carleton. My Callie is a winsome lass. See My Callie. — P. A. P. My child and schollar, take good heed. See same. — Anon. My child is lying on my knee. See Like a Little Child. — Macdonald. My child, my child, my son. See Zenobia. — Jones. My child, the duck-billed platypus. See Platypus, The. — Herford. My child woke crying from her sleep. See God Watch. — Macdonald. My children, come near to me. See Out of the Depths. — MacBride. My children, Lord, no, she’s none of mine. See Borrowed Child, The. — Weeden. My children, lub one another; bear with one another. See Uncle Pete’s Counsel to the Newly Married. — Kirk. My Christmas gifts were few: to one. See To a Lady. — Parsons. My cigarette! The amulet. See My Cigarette. — Lumm. My coachman, in the moonlight there. See Without and Within. — Lowell. My countrymen, one and all, think calmly and well upon this whole subject. See First Inaugural Address (War or Peace). — Lincoln. My countrymen, one and all, think calmly and well upon this whole subject. See Centennial Address (Valley Forge). — Brown. My countrymen! The moments are quickly passing. See Centennial Address (Valley Forge). — Brown. Countrymen! the,” etc. — Brown. My Countrymen: The tide of battle never ebbed and flowed upon these banks. See Centennial Address Delivered at Valley Forge, June 19, 1878 (Valley Forge). — Brown. My Countrymen! this anniversary has gone by forever. See Centennial Oration (“My countrymen, this,” etc.). — Brown. My cousin Vernon! welcome. See King Henry IV., Pt. I. — Shakespeare. My curse upon thy venom’d stang. See Address to the Toothache. — Burns. My daily walk was through a garden fair. See Lost and Found. — Appleget. My dame is old, and I am old. See Good Old Souls. — Southesk. My Damon was the first to wake. See Tales of the Hall (Meeting). — Crabbe. My Daphne’s hair is twisted gold. See Midas (Daphne). — Lyly. My darling doll, so young and tender. See Sad Accident, A. — Anon. My darling dolly is one week old. See Naming Dolly. — Anon. My darling, I’m close to your bed. See Answer to “Leona.” — Anon. My darling, my darling, my darling. See At Your Gate. — Gray. My darling, my darling, my darling. See At Your Gate. — Gray. My darling, my darling, my darling. See At Your Gate. — Gray. My daughter, my darling, my darling. See At Your Gate. — Gray. My days are passed pleasantly away. See Same. — Southey. My days are full of pleasant memories. See Samuel. — Ashe. My dear and only Love, I pray. See Same — Gray. My dear and only Love, I pray. See Same — Gray. Word. See Love's Logic. — (Chambers’ Journal.) My dear boy, men have fought, bled and died, but not for beer. See What Men Have Fought for. — Burdette. My dear Boys; I wonder whether you miss me as much as I miss you. See Eugene Field to his Children. — Field. My dear, do you know that a long time ago. See Babes in the Woods, The. — Anon. My dear Fellow-Grumblers: — Poets, philosophers, and fools. See Grizzly Grumbler’s Advice. — Anon. My dear Friends: When the Emperor Maximus Gorillus entered Rome. See Felinaphone, The. — Kyle, My dear, if only I might write. See If Only I Might Write. — Anon. My dear Josephine. See Children in the Wood, The. — Anon. My dear Mary, the darling of my heart and soul, I am well. See Jimmy McBride’s Letter. — Anon. My dear mistress has a heart. See same. — Rochester. My dear Mrs. M.: Every time I think of you, my heart. See Model Love-letter, A. — Anon. My Dear Nephew: I have not heard anything of you since the last time I wrote you. See Affectionate Letter, An. — Anon. My dear Nephew: I haven’t sent you a letter since the last time I wrote to you. See Bridget O’Hooligan’s Letter. — Anon. My dear niece — I know that you are expecting your cousin’s arrival from Europe. See “Let those Laugh who Win.” — Sedgwick. My dear, precious dolly, I love you, you know. See Good-bye to Dolly. — Anon. My dear pupils! I desire to say a few words to you. See School Affairs in Riverhead District. — Deans. My dear Redeemer, and my God. See Example of Christ, The. — Watts “My dear Rootle,” says my wife. See Mr. Rootle’s Economy. — Anon. “My dear,” said Mr. Spoopendyke, rumpling his hair around over his head. See Spoopendyke Stops Smoking. — (Brooklyn Eagle.) “My dear,” said Mrs. Policy. See Parson Policy. — Miller. “My dear,” said Mrs. Popperman to her husband one evening. See Mr. and Mrs. Popperman. — Anon. My Dear Sir: Having now a little peace and quietness, I sit down to inform you of the dreadful bustle. See Irish Letter, An. — Anon. My dear sir, I thank you heartily for the kindness. See Contesting for a Prize. — Avery. “My dear sister, I hasten to inform you.” See I Guess I’m the Man. — Parsons. My dear, there’s rare news from the exchange. See Our Daughter. — Anon. My dear, you would have forgotten to purchase me a muff. See New Muff and Collar, The. — Peet. My dear young friend, whose shining wit. See Comic Miseries. — Saxe. My Dearling! — thus, in days long fled. See “My Dearling.” — Allen. My delicate lily. See Lily’s Word, A. — Larcom. My delight and thy delight. See same. — Bridges. My doll got sick one summer day. See When Dolly Was Sick. — Richards. My doll is a dreadful care. See Naughty Doll, The. — Field. My doll is a Japanese. See Japanese Doll, The. — Anon. My doll was going to be married. See Dolly’s Wedding. — Anon. My dream was lengthened after life. See King Richard III. (Clarence’s Dream). — Shakespeare. My dreams so fair that used to be. See Margins. — Burdette. My dream-ship’s decks are of beaten gold. See Ballade of The Dreamship, The. — Lincoln. My early love! I’ll think on thee. See My Early Love. — Anon. My ear-rings, my ear-rings! they’ve dropped into the well! See Zara’s Ear-rings. — Lockhart. My eye, descending from the hill, surveys. See Cooper’s Hill (Praise of the Thames). — Denham. My eyes are filled with blinding tears. See Baby’s Drawer. — Rook. My eyes are filmed, my beard is grey. See Time of the Barnecides, The. — Mangan. My eyes are filled, my silent heart is stirred. See September Robin, A. — Craik. My eyes! how I love you. See same. — Saxe. My faint spirit was sitting in the light. See From the Arabic. An Imitation. — Shelley. My Fair, no beauty of thine will last. See Song. — Meynell. My fairest child, I have no song to give you. See Farewell, A. — Kingsley. My faith looks up to Thee. See same. — Palmer. My faithful dog — his actions fairly talk. See Dogmatic Philosophy. — Burdette. “My Fanny, I have news to tell.” See Frances Keeps her Promise. — Taylor. My father bought an undershirt. See Song of the All-wool Shirt. — Anon. My Father AN INDEX TO POETRY AND RECITATIONS My Father God, lead on! See Father, Lead on. — Anon. My father had a fair-haired harvester. See Fatal Arrow, The. — Anon. My father had a fair-haired hand. See Little Child’s Trials, A. — Neal. My father left a park to me. See Amphion. — Tennyson. My father left me three acres of land. See Three Acres of Land. — Anon. My father loved a tree as men. See Dreamer and Reaper, The. My father was a farmer upon the Carrick border, O. See My Father was a Farmer. — Burns. My father was no pessimist; he loved the things of earth. See Father’s Way. — Field. My father was the finest watermelon grower in the country. See Judge Brown’s Watermelon Story. — (Arkansaw Traveller.) My father's half-bushel comes oft to my mind. See My Father's Half-bushel. — Anon. My feet are wearied and my hands are tired. See Rest. — Ryan. My feet strike an apex of the apices of the stairs. See Song of Myself (Infinity). — Whitman. My feet they haul me round the house. See My Feet. — -Burgess. My fiddle? Well, I kind of keep her handy, don't you know? See My Fiddle. — Riley. My First, a tale of history. See Teacups. — Sabine. My First are seen in feathered bands. See Cocks¬ comb. — Sabine. My First destroys, consumes and wastes. See Mother Hubbard. — Sabine. My First goes a bumping and buzzing around. See Dormouse. — Sabine. My First goes frequently by train. See Postage. — Sabine. My First hard by the waters cool are seen. See Cow¬ slips. — Sabine. My First has always, as I have been told. See Dog Days. — Sabine. My First, if he were saucy to his brother. See Pota¬ toes. — Sabine. My First in ancient Rome was used. See Ascutney. — Sabine. My First is a dunce, he has no ideas. See Mullet. — Sabine. My First is a familiar preposition. See Perverse. — Sabine. My First is a genial old uncle. See Samson. — Sabine. My First is a lake. See Linden. — Sabine. My First is a picturesque kind of fence. See Hedge¬ row. — Sabine. My first is brought from lands across the sea. See Charade. — Pratt. My First is but a bitter word. See Rubber. — Sabine. My First is but a simple decoration. See Bo Peep. — Sabine. My First is he of whom a jest. See Culdee. — Sabine. My First is marked by want of light. See Blackbird.— Sabine. My First is powerful, to will and do. See Kangaroo. — Sabine. My First is privilege that may. See Kickshaw. — Sabine. My First is seen in pageants great. See Alborak. — Sabine. My First is simply an abbreviation. See Conundrum. — Sabine. My First is so versatile that it is more. See Ground¬ hog.- — Sabine. My First is the price of a lawyer’s brief. See Feline. — Sabine. My First is to enumerate. See Countless. — Sabine. My First is what a king must be. See Sonnet. — Sabine. My First may be a twist or simple fold. See Plymouth Rock. — Sabine. My First, my Second, and my Third. See Liberty Bell. — Sabine. My First, my First, his name was Will. See Her Lovers. — “Bachelor Ben.” My First the helmsman guides aright. See Concord. — Sabine. My First the helmsman guides aright. See Concord. — Sabine. My First was a musician’s son. See Tom Tom. — Sabine. Sabine. My foe was dark, and stern, and grim. See My Enemy. — Brotherton. My friend, I can’t understand it. See Soldier’s Reprieve, The. — Thorpe. My friend, adown Life’s valley, hand in hand. See Hand in Hand. — Lowell. My friend, I see the lines of care. See To the Discouraged. — Crofts. My friend, Mr. Tongue, he lives in my mouth. See Mr. Tongue. — Anon. My friend, my trusty crony! See Dolce Far Niente. — Halpine. My friend, my friend, my Trusty crony! See Dolce Far Niente. — Halpine. My friend, my friend, my Trusty crony! See Dolce Far Niente. — Abrahams. My friend, thou sorrowest for thy golden prime. See Return of Youth, The. — Bryant. My friends and brethren, Templars true. See Who’ll be the Drunkards Then. — Thompson. My friends, are you growing discouraged. See Living Stones. — Anon. My friends, hesitate before you vote liquor back into Atlanta. See Appeal for Temperance. — Grady. My friends, I’m glad to see you all. See Modern Chivalry. — M. D. S. My friends, our country must be free! See Alfred the Great to his Men. — Knowles. My friends, Thanksgiving Day comes. See Thanksgiving Sermon, A. — Anon. My friends, the business for which this meeting was called. See Temperance Meeting, A. — McBride. My fugitive years are all hasting away. See Poplar Field, The — Cowper. My garden grows beside a wall. See Two Gardens. — Anderson. My gentle Puck, come hither, thou remember’st. See Midsummer Night’s Dream (Compliment to Queen Elizabeth). — Shakespeare. My getting the better of my wife’s Father is one of the richest things on record. See How I Got Invited to Dinner. — Anon. My girl hath violet eyes and yellow hair. See Little Milliner, The. — Buchanan. My girl, thou gazest much. See Lover to his Lady that Gazed Much up to the Skies, The. — Turbereville. My goblet’s golden lips are dry. See Song: “My goblet’s golden,” etc. — Beddoes. My God and Father, while I stray. See Thy Will be Done. — Elliott. My God, I heard this day. See Man. — Herbert. My God, I love thee! Not because. See My God, I Love Thee. — Francis Xavier. My God, now I from sleep awake. See Midnight Hymn. — Ken. My God (oh, let me call thee mine). See Prayer, A. — Bronte.
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https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wolf%20Hour
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
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The Wolf Hour
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https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The Wolf Hour&action=history
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Indonesian
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Spoken
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The Wolf Hour adalah sebuah film psikologi seru tahun 2019 yang ditulis dan disutradarai oleh Alistair Banks Griffin. Film tersebut menampilkan Naomi Watts, Emory Cohen, Jennifer Ehle, Kelvin Harrison Jr., Jeremy Bobb dan Brennan Brown.
Referensi
Pranala luar
Film Amerika Serikat tahun 2019
Film Britania Raya tahun 2019
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http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000126333450 http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/newspapers/issue/3000126333450 http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1906/11/16/313_1/19061116_313_1-0001.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1906/11/16/313_1/19061116_313_1-0002.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1906/11/16/313_1/19061116_313_1-0003.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1906/11/16/313_1/19061116_313_1-0004.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1906/11/16/313_1/19061116_313_1-0005.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1906/11/16/313_1/19061116_313_1-0006.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1906/11/16/313_1/19061116_313_1-0007.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1906/11/16/313_1/19061116_313_1-0008.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1906/11/16/313_1/19061116_313_1-0009.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1906/11/16/313_1/19061116_313_1-0010.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/newspapers/issue/fullscreen/3000126333450_1
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Europeana
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Hufvudstadsbladet, nr: 313
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Swedish
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Spoken
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N:o 313 1906 FYRATIOANDRA ÅRGÅNGEN P?JWW JUJODHS JJCWP MSH LIIYJ HWM BCJHI BKB ■9ERI| MKKI lUMD. HKJNUHUFL B9| H9CFL BBWH XBB BVtj S»x 9 ■'WfflK' B»? ■» Qafi9Bu3l fiLlflf wiD BKH9I Hbf Annons- och Prenumerationskontor Skll nåden 8 (Tel. 9 86) Öppet från kl. 8 f. ra. Ull 7 e. ra. lUlkontor Htijnla, Broholms. OB (T. i) 68). Redaktionsbyrå Sk II nåden 8. Prenumerationspris I Helsingfors: Helt dr Fmk 14: —i hemburet Fmk ltt: Hälft år „ 7: •• „ 8: 3 månader „ 3: SO „ „ é: 1 manad ~ 1:30 ~ „ 1:33 '/• « •• —: HO rf rr 70 HELSINGFORS Fredagen den 16 Nsvemäer »> -i ——— Ansvarig redaktör: A* R. FRENCKELL Telefon 12 82 Prenumeratlonaprla I Landsorten (genom postkontoren eller vid direkt rekvisition I korsbandsfijrsändeise) Helt dr Fmk 19: ti al f t år ... . 10 - £n manad 1:75 i Ryssland: Helt år RM. 8. hälft- är Übl. 4, kvartal Rbl. 3, Annonser Irin Ryssland genom L. i E. Meul & C:o och dess filialer. Annonspris: Fsra textan 10 panni pr mllllmatar Ettor „ 8 „ „ Minsta annons, 2 rader 50 p& Telefon: lied. 4 16, reporter 44 65, tt. o. konst 53 27 Ekonomen 4 48. Lösnummerpris 10 psni^ i Landsorten 15 penni. Brand' 4 Lif' försäkring. Kontor Helsingfors N. E*pl:g. 33. T. 228 J H Carlaiiflar. -ri_ v O ro ro ro X » s i=r=i 5 c ~ ca=J 2 ro •* +> . ro « ta co CE=i 5 PO - —=i "S och andra aktier emotragas till försäljning af X 1361 b Sdderhjelm & Thesleff. Använd Wasa Sytråd! 10795 X Korsstolar passande till lotterivinster. X Boulevardsg. 28,1$ 16415 Linoleumaffären. Födde Fn syster åt Otle och Jfre 14/ XI. Reinh. o. Frida Bergqvist. Brudutstyrslar! Ateiicr fsr Linneutstyrsel X S Mikaelsgatan 5. JUkinnliattar A Boas. Stort ur ™ val moderna skinn hos Augusta Blomberg, X In p& gården Högbergsgatan N*:o 45. Jer baler: fif™ b """ mor Augusta Blomberg, C Högbergsgatan N:o 45. in pä gården. frans J. Holmgrens l.lkkistfabrik & Begrafningsbyrft 34 Högbergsgatftii. Telef 6 93 ■ F i I i a Ii —— Vlkolalgatan n:o 21, imi.lt i*mot I'ataloeen». Teiafoa 36 90 Döde Tillkännagifves att min älskade make Theodor Arvid diod efter ett långvarigt, svårt lidande afled bärstädes den 14 nov. 1906, i en ålder af 39 år och 4 dagar, till bitter sorg för mig, en son, föräldrar, syster och bror samt of ria» släktingar och vänner. Alma Glad. Väl den som redligt det ädla velat, det rätta sökt och det milda tänkt, som älskat mycket fastän de felat, dem varder mycket ock efterskänkt De här ej blefvo allt livad deskulle men änglar skrefvo så kärleksfulle hvad genom dem uti minsta mån den världen glädt som de kommo från. Tillkännagifves att Gärdsägaren Adolf Edvard fibers afled hastigt i hjärtslag d. 14 Nov. i sitt 70 lefnadsår. närmast sörjd och saknad af maka. syster, svåger samt många släktingar och vänner. Amalia Åberg» + tled sorg tilikännagifvöS att min kära syster efter en kort sjukdom stilla och fridfullt afled söndagen den 11 no noveniber vid 80 års ålder till saknad för mig, släktingar och vänner. Emilie Grenqvist. Hcbr. 13, 14. 16451 tl.KMs.lg.) ■ii. V ■ yjjtoP.»%•. V/. Härmed tillkännagifvas att vår broder Maskinisten Henrik Werner Linden afled efter ett längre lidande å Maria sjukhus härstädes i en ålder al 35 år, sörjd och saknad af Syskonen. Sorgetåget afgär söndag den 18 nov. kl. 3 från Maria sjukhus till Nya begrafningsplatsen. De vänner och bekanta bvilka önska följa min älskade dotter Sigrid underrättas endast på detta sätt att jordfästningen eger rum lördagen den 17 kl. 2 e m. från Petersgatan 8 till Gamla lutherska begrafningsptatsen. Amanda Forsström. Hy a Likkistmapsinei 8 44X fili.nbrt.e 17 Tal«f. 1917 Sammanträden Akademiska Orkestern. Repatition i dag kl. 7 a. m. 16437 Dir. F. «. K. 8. 111. sammankallas till öfning sön dag morgon kl. */ 2 9. Kompanichefen. B. V. Sörnäs kompani samman kallas till öfning söndagen den 18 kl. 8 f. m. Obs.l Nya medlemmar emottagas. Kompanichefen. I Arbets* | gijvare inom landets samtliga Gra* fiska brancher (Bok tryckeri*, Litografi* och Kemigrafi*) kallas till allmänt möte i Hel singfors, å Öfre Opera käliaren, söndagen den 18 november 1906 kl. 2,30 e. m- för konstitue rande af ~Den finska grafiska industrins arbetsgifvareför' bundna 15952 Typografernas Begrafnings hjälpring Nio 2. Vid extra möte tisdagen den 13 nov. fattade beslut uttaxeras 1 mark per med lem. Betalas inom en månad. Kassörens adress: A. LÖNNOVIST, Handelstryckeriet eller Styrmansgatan 3. Melsingfors fabriksarbetares H BegrafningshjSlpring nio I. Uppbörd med anledning af A. Junnikka las dödsfall den 18 kl 10—11 f. m. Broholmsgatan 4. café Paradis. J\Rare~6&tjänte ! Allmänt möte i söndag kl. 3 e. m. Wilhelmsgatan 6 för att disku tera hvilka åtgärder borde vidta gas lör att söndagshvilau turvis lår fortbestå. Obs.! Mangrant. H. A. F. gårdskarlslackafdelnings begrafningshjälprings medlemmar kallas att betala för med lemmen 74 Frans Lundqvist söndagen den 18 d:s Georgsgatan 27. rummet 8, kl. ll—l p. d. Obs.l Viktiga frågor, mangrant. Styrelsen. effonstnärsgillet sammanträder lördagen den 17 november kl. 8 e. ni. Val af viceordförantie i st. f. skulp tören Roh. Stig c 11, som afsagt sig. Fråga om Edelfeit-monu ment. (N ls.2imm) 16459 §åns;liör Repetition i afton kl. 8- Ovilkorligen alla! Bestyreisen. Konstitutionella Aröeiareföreningen sammanträder till möte för Ualjörberedelser Söndagen den 18 November 1906. De svenskatalande ki. '/a ii f. m. Fenskatalande kl. I e. n? Nylandsgatau 31. Obs.! Allas närvaro nödvändig. 16458 Bestyreisen. Sångmöte i dag kl. 8 e. m. (A. 29434) 16479 TQ\> V- Möte i dag fredag kl. 8 å Café Nyberg. 16465 I anl. af K. F. 11. Mts bönevecka Freißiksin af baron K. A. Wreiie i dag kl. 7 e. in. ■ Sefania. 16467 Studenternas Stö. ©£ Kantatkörens repetition (för Kolt- I to 3 konsert) i dag fredagen den 16 k!. 18 e. m. i Studenthusels musiksal Generalrepetition innevarande söndag den 18 i Brandkårsbuset k!. 10 —l2 på dagen. (H.5.1g.15.25mm.) 16471 ti- Borgströms fäbr. arb. begra niugsring N a 2. Uppbörd för medlemmen N:o 82 Rö rings dödsfall lördagen den i 7 nov. kl. 3 c. m. i Norra Kajen 2. Helsingfors bokbindares understödsförenings böstmöte hålles lördagen den 17 Nov. kl I / s 6 eft. m. å Mustonens kafé. An drégafan n:o 22. Möte i dag kf. 8 e. m. å 0869 Kleinehs hotell. S. A. Begrafningsiijälpring N:o 12. Uppbörd af meölemsafgifter å Vuorela den 18 d:s kl. 11 —12 p. d. med anleti ning af n:o 16 dödsfall. Hifors s*ads arbetares begrafningsbjölpring nio 14 medlemmar bedes sammanträda den 18 d:s kl. 11 f. m. för att välja fyllnads medlemmar m. m. Allas närvaro nöd vändig till Hesperia skola i Tölö. Helsingfors Skidklubbs till i dag fredagen den 16 annon serade årsmöte uppskjutes till fredagen den 23 d:s dä det afliålles å Nybergs caié, Ale xandersgatan 12. 16485 Styrelsen. Inbetalning till begrafniriga tijalpringen ~Kamraterna" vid John Stenbergs M. A. B. för 15: de dödsfallet d. 18 nov. 06 kl. 11—1 p. d. Östra Cbaussén n:o 3. A. Lilja. Filosofiska Föreningen sammanträder Fredagen d. 16 Nov. kl. 1 )a Be. m. i Studenthuset D:r M. Buch föredrager »Till frågan om affekternas psykologi -1. Gäster välkomna. (A. 29430) 16475 Den högre nröetnre underuisningen. [ Af förekommen anledniug upp skjutes rektor B. Estlanders föredrag med ämne ur Tysklands historia till fredagen den 23 dennes. 16486 Personer tillhörande oli ka frikyrkliga sam fund i Helsingfors sammankallas härmed till möte i Allianshuset lör dagen d. 17 nov. kl. 7 e. m. R. E. Westerlunds Pianomagasin. Helsingfors Korra 7. Telefon 681. Rilit sorterndt lågor, nyss lxals.ozxi.iaA J/S&L. Flygiap och Pianinos från endast förstklassiga fabriker. Steinway & Sons. Schiedraayer. Ibach. Steingraeber. * Julias Feurich. Schwechten m. fl. Billigare pianinos från Wilh, Schitnmel & C:o (särdeles omtyckta). Hoof 4c C:0 C Weidig ui. 11. Vackra Oi^elharmosiäer, för skolor, hem och bönsalar. Begagnade flyglar billigt. Förmånligaste betalningsvillkor. Fullständig garanti. Instrument uthyras. R. E. Westerlund. *J. Esplanadn. 7 Fxfra bolasssiQmmiL AlitionSrernß i Enso Träsliperi Aktie bolag kallas härmed till extra bolags stämma, som hålles å Societetshuset i Viborgs stad lördagen den 8 December 1906 kl. 11 f. m. for att af göra en inom direktionen behandlad fråga om regle ring af vattenståndet i forsen vid iiuso fabriks tilloppskanal. Enso, den 14 November 1906. (A. 29431) 16476 Direktionen. fuiiiiÉ SisniUiHs Helsingfors filici! extra möte lördag kl. 6 e. m. å Hotell Kaleva. Fråga om landtdagsinannakandi- Handtverks- o. Fabriks föreningens i Helsingfors medlemmar behagade sammanträda å Rådhuset fredaren d. 16 d:s kl. 7 e. m. för att välja representanter till det sammanträde som hålles af affärsmän d. 19 d:s i Societetshuset i Helsingfors. Helsiugfors, den 12 nov. På Handtverks- och Fabriksföreningens vägnar: Hugo Lindeberg. K. A. Castrén. (A.29433) 16478 3rsreningen för QfilSiMdtens ordnande sammanträder till årsmöte måndagen den 19 nov. 1906 kl. 3 e. m. i före ningens lokal, Alexandersgatan 14. 16328 Juridiska Föreningens Centrdlafdelning sammanträder fredagen den IG no vember 1906 kl. '/j ® e * å Societetshuset för behandling af frågorna 5 och 6 på årsprogrammet! Se vidare annonsen i N:o 311. (A. 29415) 16426 F. d medlemmar af BiijmoiferfiiFlnintlet sammanträda å Helsingfors Nykterhets kafé, Unionsagatan 24, fredagen den 16 nov. kl. 6 e. n». Diskussion i en lör hemmen viktig fråga. Kl. 7 fortsättning af valöfningen. Val mansföreningar. Valförbund. Vallängd. Val. Bekanta få inbjudas. 16433 jjjrktiuuureiiia i fabriksfir- J» man G. A. Serlachius Aktiebolag kallas härmed till ordinarie december bolagsstämma den 7 nästkommande december kl. 6 e. m. å Konversationsklubben i Tammerfors, bvarvid komma att behandlas de i § 20 mom. 1, 2 och 3 af bolagets stadgar angifna ärendeu. Tammerfors, den 12 no vember 1906. Direktionen. (A. 29419) 16364 uraa åoieoara for Handel & Mostri Resekreditiv betalbara å 600 skilda orter. Utländska växlar o. mynt. Rembourser. Inkasseringar. (A.26180) 1860 777/ salu utkommer i dag. Porträtt af Lars Homén och Vladimir von Willebrand; vidare järnvägskassör Tojkanders rånare. Vicelandtmätar Artsir A S«i. Helsingfors. Gräsviksgatan 6. Telefon 37 38. Uppgör förslag till parcellering af egendomar, parcellerar dem, ger råd i ego- och råtvister, samt förmedlar ktp af landtegendomar och stads gå ~ cJ a . >-* T' ''" r - - \■ «c; t . och öfversättningsöfningarna i tyska (specielt afsedda för studentkandidater) komma att fortsättas äfven under december och januaii mån. i händelse ett tillräckligt antal deltagare anmäler sig. Afgift 15 mk för 12 lektioner. Institut för moderna språk. Mikaelsgatan 1 kl. 9—12 & 4—7. 16440 O. Lindströms Antikvariat» & Pappershandel, Trekanten 1 och Alexandersfr. 18 (sn. m. Senaten). Ilytt i Kusikltflnöeln. i? Anton Sitt. finska sånger ra finska folkvisor, lätt arrang. för violin, mandolin, flöjt, kornett eller klarinett solo, . ackompagnerande andra violinstämman, å 1.50 st. Mgfn Kyo HMI K- G. Fazers förlag Fabiansgat. 16. 16326 sr** i detta blads kontor. Helsingfors Skomagasin 25 Norra Esplanadg. 25 Grönqvistska huset. X 16465 T" v»-1 • : » stående Cnjnpound Ångmaskin, absolut feliri, säljes billigt genom Ju.iiss Silfwenius» 1 a! årets skörd nu inkomna hos I. BSckerman, Alexandersg. 50. fj"! ~ t. *'!• .y 5 • Tyroler äppel Tysk* Nonnen äppel Franska extrafina Ductnm päron Tyska päron Sota Almerln oinMor Färska prima Ifastanjer Oporto läk nu inkomna hos AKTIEBOLAGET AXEL PIHLGREN. Astundas köpa Kassaskåp, bpgagnadt, i godt skick varande. Svar tiil „Kassaskåp 8" i d. bl. k. AmeriKonsKt sßrlfbord. Svar till .Amerikanskt 9" i d. bl. k. i tjänst åstundas Vid shossKöp och ffillnlns samt stockflötning väl inkommen, trogen och nykter karl erhåller genast plats till längre tid vid ett käudt sågbolag. Kunskap i svenska språket önskvärd. Ansökningarna, åtföljda af betyg och löneanspråk, sändas till Turun Sanomati kontor märkta „Z 106". Odugliga göre sig inga besvär! (T.5.15.2g.30mm) IÖ4SU Diverse Signorina Sialiaita da lezioni. P. Fulcan, N. Esplanadg. 39 11. Psanolekfioner a!l3«r Rosenström, Högbergsg. 11, t. 2541. N. Pr. o. H. S. o g. hvd. 1 s. 12 r. \ Stiletterna \ . i Saluhallspalatsei J V. Kajen 14 J # öppuade. # ö 16483 |) i Stockholm beviljar LHffirsäk ringar på förmånliga villkor. Generalagent för Finland: E. A. Hjelt, (A 23792) S. Magasinsgatan 6. :Sj £1 m Ssofeh Whisky Distillers & Blenders. • V> V V J G. H. Numm & C:o Champagne ijr. •• • i '-v A. C. MeuKsoj & C:o Co^tiac 1842 & (878. 57 liiuehatvare af order koimossemeiil per s/s Hes perus trän Marseille, Tar ragona, Cadiz, Almeria & Malaga behagade aumiila sig hOS 16437 JA iigtortjyj flhlieSnlaset. Gstel le Frame, deras. Betjäning möter vid tåg och (A.27604) 8025 edlemmar kunna anteckna sig å Helsingfors Konstitutionella Arbe tareförening hvarje helgfri dag från 6—9 e. m. å föreningens kansli Nyiandsga tan 31. 11264 Hufviidstadsiiladet inneliäiler i dag bl. a.t Allmänna synpunkter rörande arbetarförsäkringen i Finland. Den nya vallagen. Det nya isbrytaretarfygef. Frågan om frivilliga skyddskårer och deras beväpning. Gendarmchefeu å finska järnvägs stationen i Petersburg. Väg- och vattenbyggnaderna. För valmännen att beakia. Mord och mordbrand Metallarbetarekonfiikien af slu tad. Hangö. Osäkerbeten på landsbygden. Nytt beslag at patroner i Björne borg. Voimaförbundets i Björneborg filial. Föreningen Marthas värdinne kurser. Järnvägsrånen i Viborg. Bankpinndriugsförsöket i Kou vola. Krutstölden i Träskända. Fräck inbrottsstöld i villa. Podbielssihar ändtligen åtgått. Röd kautschuk Alexander I på Mäntsälä gård- Följetong: Mar cell a at mrs Humphry Ward. 2 - - N:o 313 1906 HUFVUDSTADSBLADET Fredagen den 18 November latjens blad utjiifves i 10-siilig nummer. V lii t c vt ra fike ii på Stockholm lillkäniiatjifvande! ! Hvar skall man bo som resande i Stockholm? 00. pä „Hötel Horn tfi 6 Malmtorgsgatan 6 som har ett ypperligt läge invid Gustaf Adolfs torg, nära Centralstationen och Skeppsbron och beläget i Stockholms bästa al färscentrum. Fint och lugnt familjehotel, med all nutidens komfort. Flera svenska lokaltidningar samt finska tidningar. Elektrisk belysning. Ny restaureradl. Telefoner m. m. De re sandes bästa omvårdnad och trefnad komma att alltid förblifva i nuvarande innehafvarens främsta intresse. Absolut ny regime. Innehafvaren själf finne. Referenser: Samtliga Herrar Kaptener å båtarna. Vaktmästare möta. 16070 Kungörelser Kungörelse. Af förekommen anledning upp manas stadens hyrkuskar, hvilka efter slutad körning äro på väg till sina hem, att iakttaga, det kusken sitter på baksätet och icke på kuskens vanliga plats. Om lian icke rättar sig härefier, lår lian icke vägra att vid anhållan med körning betjäna allmänheten. Helsingfors (len 14 November 1906. Poliskammafen. (A 29432) 16477 Kungörelse. I anledning af inträdande kallare väderlek uppmanas vederbiirande gardsägare och disponenter att e;ina nödig uppmärksamhet å trottoarerna, sä att de ständigt och i tid ymnigt sandas samt hallas i fullt trafikabelt Skick. Hel singfors den 13 november 1906. Poliskammaren. (A 29420) 16365 Ångfartygs lägenheter initletten Perjantaina marrast. 16 p. kilo 1 3 8. »Eläviä J(uvia" 3 näyt. ilveily. Kirj. O. Blufflen thal ja G. Kadelburg. Suomalai uen so vitelma. Lauvantaina marrask. 17 p k:lo Vs®« Atennetuin hinnoin Filharmoonisen seuran orkes terin avustuksella Hevospaimen. (Sårga Csikö) 4 näyt. kansannäy telmä lauluineen ja tanssineen. Kirj. Ferencz Csepreghy. Unkarin kie lestä suoni. N. E. V. !644-5 J' oll&temerii. Lördagen den 17 nov. kl. 8 e. m. Billighetsföreställning. jCelgonsnldaren. Folkskådespol med säng o. dans i 5 akt. Förköp fredag 12—half 4. T. 2782. i Söndagen den 18 nov. kl. 8 e. m. För sista gången: Magdalena. Skådespel i 4 akter af Gustav Esmann. Tisdagen den 20 nov. kl. 8 e. ra. För första gången: Kapten Grant och bons horn Dramatiseradt reseäfventvr i 7 tablåer af Jules Verne och (TÉnnery- De korationerna af Carl Grabow. Förhöjda biljettpris. Förköp för aktietecknare och garan ter fredag 12—half 4. Allmänt förköp lördag 12—half 4 och fr. 6e. m. Dussinbiljettorna gälla med 50 Dennis tillskott per biljett. 1K469 lien loiy Spels stora eleihii 200 Marionetter (1 ni et. höga), Sce nen belyst at 1,000 st. glödlampor. Lördagen den 17 no • kl. 8 e. m. Prcnahir. Prinsessan Inöhvlt och de sju dvlrgarne. Sagospel i 7 akter med sång o. ballett i Cirkusmanegen finredd för marionettföreställniugar.) 08'»8 1 Lefwonde bilder Världen Rnndt, Mikaelsgatan 9, Helsingfors faktiskt största, elegantaste och absolut förnämsta BioM-Teater. Hvarje onsdag premiär med splitternytt program. För stora och smd! I dag förevisas ett rikhaltigt och omväxlande program, af hvilkct må framhållas: Biografbilder från sbo. Botes ankomst fran Stockholm. Domkyrkan. Slottsgatan. Bibliote ket. Bron. Färjan. Lifvet vid Aura å. Från Salutorget. Fiskar hamnen m. m. Af Atelier Apollo tagen lef vande bild från Finlauds historiskt kända första hufvudstad. ångbåtsfärd & den 'S* sin naturskönhet beryk tade Woifgangsjönf som är om gifven af höga berg. vid hvilkas sluttningar pittoreska villor lägra sig. Därjämte den omtyckta och kanda sagan em sladins tamtia i många intressanta afdelningar, samt några tokroliga bilder. OBS.! Då vår lokal tidtals icke kunnat inrymma alla besökande, ha vi Lnredt en ny teater invid den förra. Föreställningarna börja numera hvarje hel- och halftimme från kl. 2 till 9 med samma program i hvardera teatern. 16448 af går till Åbo via Källvik, Thorbs Svenvik) Sarösund, Eki Skuru (ovent.i Ha>igö, Grägc Dalsbruk, Högsåra, Björk; Skinnarvik och mellanliggande gor hvarje lördag kl. f. m. 1 Närmare meddelar C. F. Cai der. Telef. 3i5. Båtens telef. 4 Förändrad afgår Till Wasa anlöpande Hangtf, Dalsbruk, Nystad, Raumo, Hläntylui Kristinestad och Kask afgår ångf. Sbba Jfttsnek iördagen den 17 Nov. kl. 4 på moi Lastar här hela fredagen. Obs.! Antagligen mist sista i 086 Victor Till Lovisa, Kotka, Fredriks: och Viborg afgér ångfartyget Sven Dufv lördagen den 17 nov. kl. 5 f. m. 086 Victor Stettin—Helsingfc An fj fartyget afgår den 17 tlis fr. Stettin til medtagande last. Närm. meddeli 16393 Axel_Homstr Till Lybeck via Re »fgår ångf Primul: lördagen den 17 nov. kl. half 10 medtagande passagerare och last. 1H251 Victor I Offentliga nöj Svenska teateri Fredagen den 16 nov. kl. 7,30 e, Beisczars söstaiiuö. Skådespel i 4 akter af Hja Procopé. Musiken al Jean Sibc Förhöjda biljettpris. Lördagen den 17 nov. kl. 8 e. Bill in het sf öre ställning N. Pr., Hels. S. 1 s. fred., sönd. g öfre Pielils a restaurant rekommenderar si» na små| alltid färdiga Frukost» portioner från 60 p. till hög» re pris, fritt efter val från varmapparat från kl. 10 f. m. f:sta kl. kök och kafferum, vältemperadt öl från fat. Flere enskilda rum med pia no finnas. lista kl. Vinkällare. Mylflndshn nfdelninssn föranstaltar Ull förmän för sitt folkbi'dnings ■ arbete ~ , J 9 i Nyiai»ds'ta Nationshuset fredagen den 16 och lördag den 17 nov. samt en Soaré Restaurant prinsess Hvarja afton uppträdande rffcite Siltma, turkisk cbampior Sisters Valroy, engelsk duett, sång & Herr Hasse Lind, svensk bondkor Fröken Eliy Svan, svensk romanssångi Herrar Göransson å Moberg. gluntsåt Fröken Tilly De Lona tysk sout Musiken utföres af Mac Grei damorkester. Midd.ags-l£.ons< dagligen från kl. 1 ',4—6 e. n Entré 1 mark. Innehafvare F. Walk ±Biograf Teatern; rCot-ra Esplanadgatan 21 Helsingfors s*Örsta och el gantaste teater lörlefvan biider. "iiee Kl. 2. 3, 4. 5, 6, 7. b och 9 e. OBS.! Denna vecka ett : sökt fint och roligt prngr: Ett besök på en teplan< tage i C-ylwn. Veldt-tjufvarna. Springbrunnar och park i Versailles. Gatulif i Tunis. En släiitur i Nordamerih En vacker månskens aftou. mängd ungdomar roande sig i vackra vintervädret. De oicynniga pojkarna, kolossalt, skrattretande episoder tvänne gossar ocj en hunds ga upptåg. Qbh.! ÄUj [)ö"a se don v ekas fina. intre«san och lärorika program. Då vi hvarje vecka fu oss 1 sända till påseende alla de nya bilder, kunna vi utvälja de bästa värt program. Äfvenkunnaviih seende til! våra förbindelser gar tera den ärade pnblikeu, att flesta och bästa af våra biogi bild r icke blilva förevisade ånå annat ställe i H:fors. 16 jColel 3(äi* Hvatje afton uppträdande af de mycket roliga negerba £HkT Rusly & Fred», samt från och ined den 4 nov den för sin skönhet hek Violet Keynsr, Middags- c Aftonkonsi fr. kl. 4—'''7 e. m fr. kl. B—V s 1 af Hans Burmesfers orke 15779 Entré 1 i <wessannon3c B\KFi»l!-\HKKO\TO!t. åkset ålande? SÄA S Itiirr, Mikaela#. 1. 10— 1 7.12, 2 5; Book & Poppius, Mikg. 3. 9-3. T. CAKI-SO.N iv ItAI.I.FOIIS, linioi 22, 10—3. telefon 1855. A Usel r.aslrén, Mik.g. 19. 10-3. T. Jonas Cåstrcw itißrareii ittneiiii/viire .Sultan Ccstrån. SI den 4, kl. lo—2; 5—7. Telef. 12 Casft én & Snciliiinn. Alexanders '/.10—4. Telefon 735. Cnslrén, K.A. Fab.g.27, k 1.9-11,4- deiaChaaelle.KrS Billiar & iarGß, faitig3skfurui3, L. lioh.r. o. M«: Alarik Ptiock.H^n, l-.mil :if I'orselles, jiiriuist' & al hyra Gördelg. 9, ul. f> —•• rcl. Gunnar Sljell, S.tispum-K'..!. * 6. ni. Fnrubjeini JSirs 1 ?. Luuviyajeii, iKJ'' ilaril lim»:, ÄT lIKi-SINGF. AllWlkAåiJåiM. t ! Sourander. S. Eaplaun lsc. i-■ i banks bus. 9—'/ s 4. Telefon i 1 1 P. i swWiiic fsrr (llir. Jacobson & Söner, Fabiu"Sj Tel. 611; öppet hela dagen. Jansson Ät SuiiOiuuii, A len., c- 16. Telef. 90. flaaiiA N- KspkJ * s -' I Scliildt. Aiexand.-g. 15. 10-1. i iiOSM Si ItAIJT.AX AAIIA.Unini (inv. j&r -v.-station. 1.2335. 9- Guslnf l,s ( |iTl»lii(l,\yl(lsu.7,!t-10.l l 11. .1. I.indoiöf, Hung. 25. t. 4146, 9 C.F.P.Neovius, t'nionsg.lo.T.26B' Gusla Palmrns, V. Kenriksg. 18. G. Poppius, T. tlöo.g. 8, 12-2, 6-7, Ritavaori SJ*""™.*' Jpbii Svanljanß,jSt» med dans I Societetsliusets festsal lördagen den 17 nov. Vinstexposition och Lottförsäljning fredagen d. 6 nov ir k!. 10 f. m. till kl. IO e. m„ lördagen d. 17 nov. fr. kl. 10 f. m. till kl. 5 e. m. Kl. 11 f. m. 1, 3, 5, 7 och 8 e. m. utföres al medlemmar från Haddom och Peilinge Ungdomsföreningar bygdemålsberättelser, dans, m. m. af Apostols orkester kl. I—3 och 6--8 c. m. Lotternas pris 1 mk. Entré 25 p. Soarén börjar kl. 8 e. m. den 17 nov. PROGRAM: Ouwerturc. Apostols orkester. 1. Pi-oiog af hr Arvid Mörne. T a b I ät „Hvar steg ett land ur hafvet med näs och skär och grund mer värdt att evigt grönska i sången. I mer värdt den ljusa viking, som i sin styrkas stund stolt nämnde Nylands namn för första gången". (A. Mörne.) If. Prolog af hr Gny Topelius. Vid Raseborg 1450. Karl Knutsson' Bonde återväuder frånjakt. Svärds-1 dans. Landtiig dans af tärnor och! svenner (gamla nylandska dansmelo dier, upptecknade af hr O. An d e r3- s o n. arr. af hr E. M e I a rt i n). Sang af hafvets narr (hr Bruno As pelin, ord af hr T. 111. Alexander I pä Nläntbälä gård 0 | 1209. Vals (arr. af hr O. Andersson).— Redova (gammal melodi upptecknad i Mäntsälä socken af hr E Mel a r tin). Kadrilj (arr. af hr K. Flo din). Allmän dans. Biljetter erhållas i Edlunds bokhandel fr. o. m. torsdagen d. 15 nov. kl Bf. m. 200 st. numrerade ä 6 mk, öfriga å 3 mk. Vinster mottagas med tacksamhet i Nyländska Nationshuset tisdag och onsdag från kl. 11 t. m. till 8 e. m OBS. I Rekvisitioner af lotter till landsorten adresseras till Doktorinnan Karin tihmau, H:fors. Bergmansg. 11. Beställningar, motsvarande remissa och 40 p:i i frimärken emottagas t. o. m. fredagen d. 16 nov., då försändelser af lotter till landsorten expedieras. Matti Ovanljung |# ft i T. 139. Oi/jio—2&s— 6 j.IVUI lliirl It.K.Uorg, Vicelibrndali. i Km KIJOIMO ADVOKATBYRÅ. ir Viceh. K. E. Saxön o. Arne L Qrenman & Frey, La Hj Söderiiolin, Lovis: Iviir IN pplns, Juridisk hvrå, Nys Georg Jungqvivt MmmS; Vi ehäradsliöfding Jvj di< Knut Molin, ''irra KanrieJjöl)io!n," i s ,. , : ä .": Klnar Aldniu.i & A rjö I'ulkkl Vicehärudshöidingar. :fors. von Bisio ff J Sobbeii T ' ( » Giimiiieius i BjörKst AdvoKatbyri. Tammerfors&Jyväs Il"lsiii||ltis A INiropinlas. IJcftboi A. SEI'I'ÄIWV, varuluoninri, Ou Aaioimis- ja penmistoim. V «>U< llellinun. Un In. Isouusik. U tlnsselMattsßoxstimi) S:\.\OKl .l.\ A Ulll : 111, * asu. ;,,l». Uriifrtdi, XilwikMkoniur, VII Liiiierit St ttoseiipist. S'"iu, Nordgren & Clotiberg, Viborg, T. .Mauniti MvoKatbyi .nnehafvare borgmöstur A. Ha blad & viceliäradstiöfd. Rudolf Sli \\ 11.11. HO I lII> ADVOKAIRI Viburg. Imietf. Avellati & Furuii, Kant Alfttidn SSI Karl t-riksoji,' nunnan Fnseri«nsi, *" ära, ij? & Aaiinaii r?" iieise Hartman -.äs. i flifret Holmsiröui, titt L il. 'lifflSfii! fllnntir j urid.byrå,Mariehamn. 1 nlUllUa \. bäradsh. Julius B. Jar irnsl AdvsKn StoCKéiulin, Brunkeiteriistor Inneh. v. Haradsh. Julius Hart ?atontagcni. Joiik SiianUunt, i: LAKAIttt. EllenAhlqvist, Georgs.7,barnsj.l2 Or v. Allmän, Nyl.g. 7. T. 4439 ! | o. 5 —6; mag-., tarmsj. reumat Hardy, It., Kirurg, sjuk. 5 —6. T. Bel»se,E.,ögonl. S. Espl. g. 12,10-11, Hjbrkenhciin,Vilh.g.ö. kv.sj.l2-1. Björksten, Maria sjukh. 2-'/,4. T. af Kjörkesi<*ii. Georgsg. 16, 5-G. 'J inv. o. nervsjukd. lioije, Kaserng. 27, tcvinsj. förl.ha v. Ilonsdorfl. Boulevardsg. 11 Burit, L. Rob. g. 11, mag-, tarmsj. 1 /, Chabbas, N. Espl. 25. 4—6 T. 17 la Chapelle,barnsj.Fabrg.4,2-3, Axel Cedercreu z. ökiliinlsg t 9. iiuda 5-6. •*"rutil o. bnri' "ad. o. fred Ccdercreulz, Unionsg. 4, */j3—V Clopatl, Andrég. 8, I—2 o. 5—C, no- och barnsjukdomar. D:r Collan, Georgsg. 11, huclsj. Kolländer, Alex.g. 19. 11—12 o. Dahlberg, Aggelby. 11—12. 1 Elirström. X. Espl.g. 37, inv. s sp. mag, larm, sockersj. i Ang. Ebngrcn, S.Espl. 12, Vasa l 12-1 o. '/jG-V.T, öron-, näs-o. sti Elin El mg ren, ~ A lex. g. 44,1 -2,6-7. 'J Erikson. Kasärng.27, 10-11,4-5. N Karolina Eskclin, Georgsg.", kiri kvinnosj. 2-4. Priv. sjukh. Dju Xnenia Ericson, Marieg. 8. T. 10--11 o. 4—3, kvinno o. barm Fris k, Eslnäsg. 7, mag-, tarm kersj. 9-11, 4—6. Tel. 55 69. 11. Fabritius, Kapt.g. 2. t D:r Fallin, Bortrest. A. Fellinan, Fredriksg. 22, 2—3 Forselies, Boul.g. 1. öron-, strup sjukd. 2—7,4 Telefon 1633. Forsman-Koskiniies, I lagasunds 2, B—9,8 —9, 5 —7, hud- o. venerisi Gcillin, Anneg. 24, 2-3. T. 41 33 Groiiiiilstroem, Alex. 42.10-12, ti Grönholm, ög.LN.Mag.6.lO-11, 1 /. J Karl lliilil, Kasrtrng. >4. kvinno | förrlossn. 1 /_ 10—11 o. ?—3. 1. ! Oskar llelkel, Högb.g. 30. 2-7, .Axel F. Hellslen. skilln. 4 ménu. i o. fred. 6—7. T. 2793. I lli-inrieins, S. Mag.g.i, kvin.sj. 1 I llolin, Boulevardsg. 12, 9—lo 0. 1 Axel Holmberg, N. .Magas. g. ö, llolsti, 11., Alex.g 15. kl. l /.2-3 \ gen. Ons. o. lörd. kl. 5-6 e. m Hornen, Fredsg.ll,mån-,ons-,fred Hornborg, Fredr. 28, half 3—ha lliillberg. Alex.g 44. Tel. 1416 lläslesko, Bang.29. Barnsj. 2-3. .lalmsson, WilK.g. 4. 5— '1.8. T. ,lokinen,Esplg.37,hud-&könssj.l2 Karvonen, N. Mag.g. 7, B—9 o. Kolsicr, Skillnadsg. 19. 9—lo o. Krogius, Nylandsg. 5, half3—ha •Jf/onwatescentheix-. Fru S. Bouue vie. Nikolalg. 13. Tel. 29 öo. Forsclles' kirurg, sjukhus, Brobergsg. öronpolikl. f. medellösa 10—11. Läkares privata sjukhus Sira Skepparen 29 ihöru. Fabriksg.i T. 11 53. Runt jjcii- lust il ul (d inJopatt), Andrög. 8. i tiltiTkiilospoliklinlken, Maria sjuk hus. *',9— 1» t. ni. Bvilohcimuel i lluniiebcrg, Tö1ö,1.5081. Fr k. liv Ikonens priv. forlossningsansL o. sjiikliein, Kaplensg 11. T. 4029 " ,\KAREJOiTRVM.t;K i samtliga ItMKl.Aliiilt. Kliniil hur, ■" '-akts. uauu- <5: loiOe. Illlllln Ebba Gahne. Högbergs?» 3<>. T Su Mnnicure, Ansikls- & Fotbeliandlinq. F. Schillnndei, lispl. g. 37, tr. C: t. 5172. B .iixi •:JMNLAK\UL« 0:r fläsiesko, Baugut. 20, 0-10, 4-5. Södr. distr. sladsd. si ler «un Bou levards- o. S. Esplnnmlgtilorua.> L*.r liuhleteit, Boulev.g. 7. 8-10 o. 5 3 (Norra distr. sladsd. norrom uyssn. gator». U:r iNaciua Ericson, Mariee. 3. o—lo, 4-5. (Sjuk t. bl. barn o. kvinnor i sladsd I, k, 3, 8 och Broholmen». I3:r Elmgren, Tölö, .lonasberg, K —B. B—4 (Tölö distrikti. I):r l.euntjeli, ö Ghaussån 18, 9—"• 4—o (Berghalls distrikt*. D:r Håbergh, ö. Chaussen 22, S—lo. j—tj .Söri.bs distrikt). U:r Ynllgren. O. Cimussén "0 B—3 och 3—4 lliilsovftrdsiiiiiiiiiuciis nvr:.. S Magasinsg. 1, öppen li—l. Te 1.2"0 törsta slailslakare. l'rof. V. Siicksdnrlf träflas A Hälso vårdsnämndens hyra 12—1 c. ni liilsovardsiiaiiindeiis licindtVinfekliv (H. Myhrbergi. Telefon 5098 Tillsynitigsman f. handtv.-o. fnbr. tr. A näimiens »vrå kl. 12—1 e.iu. samt »isdag o. fredag 'cl. 7—" c. m. Ilolsmyinrs slads latioralurium <>i sanitara undersökningar; Öppet 8-t. Föreståndnren trilffas säkrast 12-2 Stadsiiariiiiiursk:. kl.l'dalman. Berghäll 2 linj. I. T. 3702 Barmn. A. Jacobsen Konst.g.23, t.4453. iWlHAkAltl Aspeltind, A., Alex.g. 46. 10-11, 2-3, 5-6. :t«'msk«lnt!X|MMllti<>in'H. tlok- o. juip ■erstmndel. Mikaeisg. 8._1._3173. byrå N. Espl.ff. 15. IMI ItI.IKARF.. i, » H:fors Djurklinik, 10—1 il | Broholmsg. 10. Tel. 1455 l.intlslröm, Frcdriksg. 27; 10-11. t. 58D. «4VI»I»II, Djurkl., Eko 2(1.10-1. T. 34111 Finsk» Tnn«llfil»tireH HiNYMTKX & TANIIPULVER >i npnlek och »irogerinffårer 11. Hnskn Itonlnl HPIOTICII. Alex.»?. 46 (Cenlri.l-Paspntien , Opp. 9-6. Fredriks'.' '2O. le! 3609. Opp. 8 10 f. m E. WaMin? Droijhandel. N r . Mas»a«insg 7. Tasernt. Tel. 2 SO. T or.s AKiiiM^Kovmn. tiiiM Tif FORSA KB 808. geii.-ajrent alllll. ill '.lanry, Regeringsg. 17.'i' 2080 r- c jKC må i|4 Krainl. 4U'ie!i Hu. t" C-fIIiSIH niilkiHitor Unions gatan '2n. ilppel k. 1" 4. Tel. "JOH Första Ryska Forsäkrings ■inlanpi af ' bolaget af Brand- & Ulycksfaliförsakring {ont.: N. Msgasiosg. i. kl. 10—4; tel. 231 IV Ml »G* wM 'p. 4070, Mox.g. i 4 r-i TT gj ifl Olycksf.för. \ktiebo f *4 I B«lf* Hufvuilkont.: Unions, patan 25. Telefon 1491; öppet 10—7 lör. 5—6. RuberjrliSiiniflsOCiiaßs* '22. "-W.o-hinv.K E, Sandelin, Skilln. 5, mån., tis., tors. o. fred. 2 — l /,4 e. m. T. 19 47. Scliaiinian, Boulevardsg. 13. 2—3 e.ni. Schiidt, 801. 30. 10 —11 o. 5—6. Sillvast, ögonl. ö. Henriksg. 1, 10 —11 o. 6—.: onsd. o. lörd. 10 —11. s>i|)llii, Anneg. 25, d-9 o. 4-6. I el. 2241 Slvén, Georgsg. 16, kl. 13—1. Sijernvall, Georgsg. 16, 2—o. Nervsi. Sloekmann, Ludvigsg. 5, huasj. 9-11, fruntim. onsd. o. lörd. 12-1 t. 26*2. Tlicrman, nervsj. Nyl.g.2-3. r.5<00. Tollet,Union3g.22, l-2.5-6.hals-,näs-,oronsi Tukiainen, Andrég. 7. Ing. fr. Lönn rots skvär, 9—lo, 6—7, hudsj. , ,irii)|reii. Andrég. I, 12-1, 5-b. Walilfors, Västra Kajen 10 —11- Wasasljerna, Andrég.3,dagl.2-nai.4. Wascnins, Unionsg. 22 9—ll >0. .2—5 WeMerslrand, Djurgård 10, 2-3. T.38ö2 U A. v. Willehrand, N.Magas.g. 7 2-3. 11. v. Willeliraiul, S. Ksnl. 12, 2 3. M M'' /.llliaeiis, N. Mag, g. b. '/,H-12. -">-6- Jtyvinge Sanatorium :p J. 0. Sandslin, tel. 9-11.4—3. , v - m Sf IX t m U 2# 1 ; . < 4 N\? »V* C » * tMgggy ,'f|i 1 Praktiska HuskållssKalan for bildade flickor i Pensionat 'Tillä Hult å Kurorten KneippbaUen nära Norrköping börjar vår terminen den 15 januari och varar i 5 må nader. Ämnen: Huslig Ekonomi, Konst slöjd, Löderplastik, Gyllenläder, och Handarbeten. Obs. I Examinerade lära rinnor. Angenämt hemlif. Tillfälle till för ströelser, ridt. sport, språk, etc. etc. Pris pr månad 100 kronor. Begär prospekt. Pensionärer emottasas äfven. Pension Hult, Rekreations- och Hvilohem, Kneippbaden, Sverige. i i r'fY m w. •c t i m - T 5.; j a 13 POHJOLA tiebolag. sinsg. 6, kl. 0-2. T. 2872. IiIIEII MOTim ;eiieralag. H. Akerinau Kan/iksg. 2b. t.4985 Kontor & lager John Floman. Boulevardsg. 6. Telef. l>*i. ;:okiit\(.ui.itii:u. liufvrtislnttahlniluls t\\a Tryckeri, Skillnaden N:o 8. .!. Simolii Arf\ioytirs Boktryckeri AMieimlng. Nylaiulscalan o >l\ KUSA I l MNkSitVUAEI.. Bliinicnllial, Georgsg. 25, 3v. T. 2075. Blåficld, ed sv. tysk tr. Ludvg. 5. T.280G A.V.".lleikel,{fr..ty..eng.,Bp..it.l Geng.3. indrenius & Parrer t tran«l«torer. engelska, tysk.., ryska <>. frän» Gk a. SknnnMsir. 8. fri. 48 .8 10 — 1 „l « Aniin transiaror. .Nyiands:. ;; . Ullll tr. 10—2 & 4-5. Tel. 19 27. JKisierva &ok«iaii&e., Sortimeniafdelniiigei. Alexandersgu lan 17. Ali nyare ii hemsk och ut ländsk litteratur. Kursndcker. Pap pershandel. Anlikvariiilatdrliiiiu.ieii. ll:i!|iiKiiiids||ii(iui 2, 300,0(10 hand. 0t.5.l Billig reslektyr. Lämpligaste inkOj.sstfille for bihiiotek duionsg. 19. Tel. 4209. Murarenas musikkår. Telefon 5204. ifiltliinTiENßfiTin Största och mestspridda tidning i Wasa och Österbotten är „Waasa". Upplaga 7,700. helsinqiors litsKßiuniKiiisai. riofiola utmimatsriiiasbutiker» N;o i '»l.igaf.n i> , o|>piiu ailn ntiig . 2 Kylandsg 2 I fria dagar kl. s» „ >_ ianngai 4't. m. till kl. 6 e.m. , 4V. Ilenriksg. 1» I utom lördag, en- P 5 Tredi iksgat. 33 ) dast till kl 12f.m. Föreningens för välgörenhetens ord. nandc Centralbyrå, Alexandersga tan 14. Telefon 1755. Kl. 10—2. liM|<|inusiar ,a M. Edvin Fabiansg. 30 I. Wilhelm oiliöl Telefon 703. StmiMi af aaiio»ise'icué«r billigt 4 C 9 s' f'iirsfs*tad s b 3 st ?! e i S RSya Tryckeri. IIELSIXGFORS, 16 Nov. Allmänna synpunkter rörande asbetare försäkringen i Finland. »å arbetareförsäkringsfrågan å ter kommit på dagordningen hos oss, måste enhvar, hvilken denna sak ligger om hjärtat, beklaga, att det skett under icke lyckliga au spicier. En nästan oundviklig följd af arbetarnes öfverilningar, missgrepp och våldsdåd har varit att inom våra ledande kretsar en reaktionär stämning börjat vinna terräng, en stämning, som, om densamma än vidare griper ikring sig, säkerligen ej blir gynnsam för en vidare utveckling af vår ar betareförsäkring, som lik en svag planta ännu för ett ganska tynan de lif. I den sociala fredens intres se måste man dock hoppas att den na planta inom kort skall skjuta kraftiga skott vår arbetareklass till fromma. Hvarje arbetarevän bor de hafva klart för sig att de an ordningar, genom hvilka arbeta ren och hans anhöriga eller efter lefvande vid verkligt behof tillför säkras understöd, utgöra värdeful la länkar i raden af åtgärderna till den kroppsarbetande klassens hö jande. Dylika åtgärder kan intet modernt samhälle med anspråk pa plats å kulturfolkens rangskala nu mera undandraga sig alt vidtaga. Må vi ej heller hos oss låta harmen öfver de förlöpningar, hvartill ar betarne eller låt oss säga deras lägst stående lager göra sig skyl diga, förvilla blicken och ej mis ta förståelsen för tidens berättiga de kraf! Likasom ebb och flod växla de stämningar, hvilka kristallisera sig i de successiva socialpolitiska lagstiftningsaktema. Det är ej än nu en mansålder sedan manches terskolan med dess ytterligt ensi diga doktrinära uppfattning af in dividualitetens rätt och betydelse var den tongifvande äfven inom de lagstiftande korporationerna. Un der denna individualismens blomstringsperiod förkättrades hvarje statlig! och kommunalt in gripande till förmån för fullvuxna arbetare, och i hvarje äfven den obetydligaste ansats i nämnda rikt ning vädrade man socialism, med förande undergång för den indivi duella friheten och själfansvarig heten. Inom detta läger verkade ännu ganska nyligen hvarje ordan de om ett tvångsingripande till förmån för arbetareförsäkringen som det röda klädet på arenan. Sedermera har dock utvecklin gen i riktning mot ett allt kraftiga re inskridande till förmån för de svaga i samhället fortgått. Till sin förvåning finna manchester männen nu att friheten det oak tadt icke är död samt alt förvärfs lifvet, trots alla inskränkningar af en statsförmyndande lagstiftning, dock fortfarande stöder sig pä det fria aftalets och privatkapitalis mens grund och ser ut att allt framgent komma att göra det åt minstone så långt vi förmå skåda framåt i tiden. Uppenbart är dock att manchesterdoktrinen likväl nu och då, buren af reaktionära våg svall, skall dyka upp: man påpe kar den otillfredsställande vänd ning sakerna tagit och begagnar hvarje tillfälle för att blåsa till re trätt från det sociala reformarbetet. Man skyller allt på den öfver bandtagande demokratin och före spår bankrutt för en så beskaffad partipolitik. Den engelska stats mannen M. Goschen har beteck nande sagt att demokratin hyser ett alltför obetingad t förtroende till statsverksamheten jämte en ic ke mindre öfverdrifven misstro till de myndigheter, som ega utöf va denna verksamhet. Nu har de mokratin närmast socialdemo kratin skrifvit på sitt program skyldighet för samhället att på ett humant sätt draga försorg om alla sina medlemmar vid sjukdom eller olycksfall samt på ålderdomen. Men ingen garanti förefinnes att rnan icke skall svikla vid program mets genomförande. Egentligen borde dock arbetareförsäkringsfrå gan, likasom det sociala reform arbetet öfver hufvud, frigöras från beroendet af ett enskildt partipro gram eller, om man så vill, uppla gas å alla partiers program. Kraf vet på att samhället skall, så vidt ske kan, utan lederande af andra klassers berättigade, intressen, stö da dem af sina medlemmar, hvil ka intaga en synnerligt prekär ställning, måste anses ega en dju pare grund, det är dikteradt af ett allmänt mänskligare intresse än hvad som i regeln kommer till ut tryck uti politiska partiers trosbe kännelser. Därför är det ock att förutse att nämnda kraf dock i längden kommer att bestå obero ende af partiernas växlingar och politiska omhvälfningar. De faror, som hota arbetarne med undergång eller svåra förlus ter och som ej ligga utom räckvid den för ett ordnadt försäkringsvä sende, äro dödsfall, sjukdom, in validitet. till följd af ålderdoms svaghet, olycksfall eller sjukdom, samt mindre olvcks- och sjuk domsfall äfvensom måhända oför vällad arbetslöshet. Det är en rik haltig profkarta på mänskligt e lände- som här möter socialpoliti kern och som är egnad att uppmju ka till och med det hårdaste hjär ta. Men en verklig arbetareför säkring bör ej förblandas med väl görenhet och fattigvård. Ty arbe tareförsäkringen afser ej att min ska arbetarens själfkänsla genom att göra honom till en allmoseta garc eller genom att beröfva ho nom det sociala anseende och de politiska rättigheter, som fattig hjonet måste vara förutan. Inom arbetareklassen gör sig en rörelse alltmer gällande därhän, att en ar betare icke skall vid inträffande sjukdom eller olycksfall hemfalla åt allmänhetens barmhärlighet en alltför hård lott för arbetets in valider. Men det kan ej heller ur ekonomisk synpunkt försvaras att de sämre aflönade arbetarne skola falla fattigvården till last. llvarje industri, säger prof. Cassel som icke betalar en tillräcklig ar betslön, "drar mer lifsenergi från samhället än lönen förmår ge i gen, närer sig alltså med obetald arbetskraft., lefver likt en parasit på del öfriga samhällets bekost nad. Liksom parasitismen i natu ren tar bort hvarje eggelse till framåtskridande och ofta nog leder till fullständig degeneration för parasiten, så ock i den ekonomis ka världen: ett yrke, som icke tvingas att uppehålla sig själfl, u tan vänjes vid att lefva på billig arbetskraft understödd fian andra håll, beröfvas därigenom den för nämsta drifkraften till ekonomiskt.i och tekniskt framåtskridande. Där för finna vi också öfverallt de tek niskt längst tillbakablifna yrkena bland dem, som bjuda sina arbe tare de uslaste villkor". Hvarje yrke skall alliså betala en lön, som täcker arbetets produktionskostna der, till hvilka äfven måste räk nas hvad som behöfves till arbeta rens försäkring mot alla de fall, då arbetet ej lämnar medel att för sörja honom och hans familj. Men så kan saken rationellt anordnas blott genom införandet af en verk lig arbetareförsäkring. Därigenom beredes den enskilde arbetaren, icke en allmosa eller fattigvård, u tan ett rättsanspråk på godtgörel se för inträffad förlust och en legal garanti att icke behöfva för oför vållad nöd falla den offentliga fat tigförsörjningen till last. Några tolkningsfrågor. I U. S. ingår ett af sign. „Kan salainen" underskrifvet välvilligt uttalande om min bok ~Den nya vallagen och dess tillämpning". Med anledning af en del upplysnin gar i boken ställer insändaren några frågor till U. S:s redaktion. Då dessa frågor äfven hafva in tresse för svenska läsare, tvekar jag icke att med några ord beröra dem. Insändaren framhåller, det man af min bok får den uppfattningen att det icke vore ombudsmans skyldighet att, i fall en kandidat, å valmansförenings kandidatlista af en eller annan anledning blir ovalbar, ersätta honom med före fintlig suppleant, utan att först härom höra underteeknarena af valmansföreningens anmälnings skrifvelse. Jag måste medgifva att genom en liten ombrytning, som af mig icke observerats, denna an märkning icke saknar fog. I min bok iir emellertid i den medföljan de förslagsskrifvelsen oegentlighe tcn beaktad och någon olägenhet följer ju i ingen händelse af ett iakttagande af det förfarande jag angifvit, i all synnerhet som en liknande ersättning ganska sällan torde ifrågakomma. Mitt uttalande om, att den even tuella nyttan af en suppleant ej varar längre än omkring 14 dagar, dragés af insändaren i tvifvelsmål. Min beräkning af den tid en val mansförening kan hafva nytta af en suppleant är grundad på ett praktiskt resonemang. Enligt val lagen § 28 få, efter det val förbund anmälts, inga andra ändringar vidtagas å kandidatlistorna än de som förutsättas i § 22 d. v. s. ut strykandet af en ovalbar kandidat och i fall suppleant finnes insät tandet af denne pä kandidatlis tan. Ifrågavarande bestämmelse i vallagen kan emellertid knappast praktiskt tillämpas, hvilket fram går af §§ 34 o. 35 i lagen. Under centralnämndens sammanträde 15 dagar före valet göres den slutliga sammanställningen af de å valse deln ingående kandidatlistorna. Denna sammanställning varder genast genom tryck mångfaldigad och omedelbart härtill sluter sig tryckningen af valsedlarna (§ 35). Att härmed, så som i vallagen står, skyndsamhet bör iakttagas, torde för en var vara klart, då man tager i öfvervägande, att på de 12 —14 dagar, som återstå till valdagen, ett hundratusental valsedlar skola tryckas och vikas samt transporte ras till alla valkretsens röstnings områden. Sedan tryckningen af valsedlarna begynt, kunna gifvet vis inga ändringar mera införas. Medgifvandet af § 28 har sålunda prakliskt taget ringa bärvidd, hvarför mitt tidigare berörda ut talande torde vara väl på sin plats. På tal om valförbundets anmä lande anföres i min bok, att den gemensamma öfverskrift, som val mansföreningania tänkt sig för sitt valförbund, kan om så öns kas angifvas. Enligt § 34 i valla gen skall centralnämnden med 1 e d n i n g af de godkända anmäl ningsskrifvelserna sammanställa de valmansföreningars kandidat listor hvilka höra till samma val förbund under en gemen sam öfverskrift. Det ofvan angifna är det enda, som i valla gen ordas om den gemensamma öfverskrift, under hvilken till samma valförbund hörande listor skola sammanföras. I den § i vallagen däri anmälnin gen om valförbund behandlas fin nes intet annat upptaget än att an mälningen skall göras skriftligt och upptaga alla de kandidatlistor, som i förbundet ingå. Härmed uteslutes ju på intet sätt, särskildt om den omständigheten beaktas att kandidatlistorna, som tillhöra ett och samma valförbund, med ledning af anmälningsskriften skola sammanföras och förses med gemensam öfverskrift och afskiljas från öfriga listor o. s. v., att valförbundet (d. v. s. de i val förbundet deltagande valmansför eningarna) uttalar sig om den gemensamma öfverskrift det för särskiljande af förbundets listor anser böra användas. Att vallagen ej ålägger centralnämnderna att utan vidare använda en af de för bundna föreningarna föreslagen öfverskrift måste anses vara syn nerligen lyckligt träffadt. Lätleli gen kunde nämligen er öfverskrift föreslås, som strede mot god sed eller hade en agitatorisk inne börd. En dylik öfverskrift måste helt enkelt kunna förkastas och de förbundna listorna sammanföras under eji bokstafsbeteckning så, som af praktiska skäl valdes för det uppgjorda valsedelsschemat. Alla auktoriteter, till hvilka jag vändt mig i denna fråga (professor Hermanson. referendariesekretera ren Grönvall m. fl.), hafva ansett den i min bok företrädda tolknin gen fullt tillfredsställande och ur praktiska synpunkter synnerligen betydelsefull. Insändaren frågår vidare om i och för erhållandet af utdrag ur vallängd å annan persons vägnar nödvändigt, såsom jag i min bok framhåller, en bevittnad fullmakt måste presteras. Att en fullmakt härför måste kräfvas är någonting själfklart. Genom jämförelse af §§ 46, 47 ch 51 framgår att per son, som utfått utdrag ur vallängd i och för röstning i annat röst ningsområde, ej har valrätt i sitt eget röstningsområde med mindre han under eller före valdagen åter ställer utdraget. Skulle ombud utan bevittnad fullmakt utfå utdrag, kunde ju oerhörda missbruk uppstå. Det vore ingen svårighet att genom ut tagande af utdrag beröfva en mängd personer valrätt. Nödvän digheten af bevittnad fullmakt tor de sålunda utan vidare vara klar. Slutligen synes insändaren be tvifla min uppgift om att, då en person röstar i annan valkrets, namnet på den valkrets han tillhör alltid måste skrifvas på baksi dan af valsedeln. Insändaren för menar, att namnet på valkretsen endast i det fall behöfver uppta gas, af t valman vill rösta med nå gon af sin egen valkrets' kandidat listor, men att i fall han vill rösta med någon af den främmande val kretsens listor detta naturligtvis icke behöfver ske. Skulle en dy lik tolkning vara möjlig, vore Svenska folkpartiets ställning i icke ringa mån bättre. Dessvärre är detta icke förhällandet. Sedt från principiell ståndpunkt kunde någonting dylikt aldrig för svaras. Antalet representanter, som en valkrets får tillsätta, är ju beroende på den mantalsskrifna befolkningens storlek och står så lunda i nära relation till antalet valmän. Skulle valmän från andra valkretsar berältigas rösta i viss gifven krets, kunde det antal val män, som äro berättigade til! en representant, blifva i hög grad be roende på en slump. Man måste dessutom taga i betraktande, att, om valsedeln endast i det fall att valmannen röstar på en af sin egen valkrets' kandidatlistor skulle adresseras till denna, den hemliga valrätten blefve äfventyrad, då ju valnämnden för att afgöra adresse ringsfrågan måste få del af huru valman röstat. För den som intresserar sig för huru detta spörsmål kommit upp må omnämnas att vallagen härut innan innehåller en otydlighet. 'Jämför momenten 2 och 3 i § 40 där sålunda momentet 3 möj ligen kunde anses hafva afseende på kandidatlista i momentet 2). Någon tvekan angående tolknin gen af denna § i den af mig angif na riktningen förefinnes emeller tid ej ifall § i fråga jämställes med andra paragrafer (V. L. §§ 1, 38, 49, 51 m. fl.) och vallagen i sin helhet tages i betraktande. G. v. W. NYHETER för dagen. Det nya isbrytarefar tyget. För att granska de inkomna projek ten till det nya isbrytarefartyget har senaten tillsatt en kommitté med hamnkaptenen Osk. W. Ands t é n scm ordförande och ingeniörerna Max Pi ppin g, K. Jansson, H. Lin d fors och J. V. Forsberg som le damöter. Senaten har därjämte beslutit hem ställa om tillstånd att bygga ett nytt isbrytarefartyg. Sedan detta tillstånd utverkats och isbrytarekommittén slutfört sitt arbete, kommer senaten att ingå med hemställan om anslag för fartygets byggande. VA^VWV Frågan om frivilliga skydds kårer och deras beväpning. I senaten föredrogs l onsdags, frågan angående ordningens upp rätthällande i landet med biträde af frivilliga skyddskårer. I ären det har senaten afgifvit till gene ralguvernören följande yttrande: I skrifvelse af den 12 september 1906 har eders excellens meddelat, att sedan till eder kunskap kom mit, att särskilda polis- och kom munala myndigheter af veder börande guvernörer anhållit om 'anslag till anskaffande af gevär för ä flere orter i landet bildade s. k. skyddsgarden, hade guvernörerna i infordrade förklaringar fram i hämtat, att de, i anledning af den ; upphetsning, som på flere olika sätt manifesterat sig bland olika lager af befolkningen och som på sina ställen visat sig i hot emot de fredliga medborgarne, för poli sens fåtalighels skull, isynnerhet på landsbygden, ej blott uppmanat enskilda medborgare att biträda polisen vid upprätthållandet af den allmänna ordningen utan äfven gifvit dessa skyddskårer tillstånd att beväpna sig med skjutvapen samt beviljat för ändamålet erfor derliga anslag. Till stöd för dessa sina åtgärder hade guvernörerna hänvisat på en till dem från civil expeditionen sänd skrifvelse af den 1 sistlidne augusti. Men då för hållandena därefter förändrats, i det afseendet att senatens fram ställning om polisens förstärkan de i landets städer numera erhål lit Hans Majestäts nådiga godkän nande. har eders excellens anhållit om, att senaten i anledning häraf måtte upptaga till förnyad pröf ning och uttala sig om, huruvida för närvarande dylika beväpnade skyddskårer kunna tillåtas och om sådana af enskilda medborgare bildade organisationers förseende med gevär är lagligt. Vid ärendets föredragning har senaten i betraktande af att med förenämnda skyddsgarden afses jämförelsevis fåtaliga personer på några orter i landet, hvilka pers> ner för poliskrafternas fåtalighets sKulI ha å kommunernas vägnar veht vid upprätthållande af den allmänna ordningen ställa sig un der ordningsmaktens ledning an sett frågan om sagda skyddskårers | ändamålsenlighet och framtida nödvändighet vara en kommunal angelägenhet, som i främsta rum met bör afgöras af vederbörande kommuner själfva och därför an sett senaten för denna gång 'akna anledning att skrida titt någon åt gärd i saken. Hvad sedan heträffar sagda personers rätt att bära va pen, har senaten ansett, att det åtminstone ej tills vidare vore skäl att förbjuda dem alt vid fullgöran det af polistjänst vara försedda med samma slags vapen, som den ordinarie poliskåren är berättigad att bära vid sin tjänstgöring. Men då senaten ej i sin förenämnda skrifvelse af den 1 augusti af sett. Gendarmeliefen å finska järnvägsstationen i Peters burg. Järnvägsstyrelsen har hos sena ten anhållit om vidtagande af åt gärd därhän, att gendarmchefen å finska järnvägsstationen i Peters burg, öfverste Legat såsom olämp lig på denna sin post måtte bli bortkommenderad från densam ma. Järnvägsstyrelsen motiverar sin anhållan närmare därmed att öfverste Legat fortsättningsvis för orsakar trakasserier och krångel å stationen. Väg- och vattenbygg naderna. Senaten nar fastställt stat för öfver styrelsen för väg- och vattenbyggna derna, slutande på 1,120,000 mark. Af detta belopp belöpa sig 535,000 mark på anslaget för väg- och vattenbygg nadsarbeten och 475,000 mark på an slaget för uttorkningsarbeten. Det af senaten fastställda arbetsför slaget för år 1907 upptager bl a. ar beten följande nya större sådana: Upprensning af Kalajoki 240,000 mk (hela anslaget utgör 950,000 mkl,sänk ning af Kuuhankavesi och upprens ning af Venetjoki i Hanhesaimi soc ken i Kuopio län 70,000 mk (hela an slaget 110,000 mk), upprensning af Liikolanlaks farled till Päijänne 40,500 mk, rensning af Saunavirta och Ru sinvirta samt kanaliseringsarbeten i Suvasvesi —Kermajärvi—Joutsenvesi farled 28,400 mk, landsvägens från Te rijoki station till Terijoki remont 15,500 mk, upprensning af farleden ge nom Kivi- och Ritosalmi sund i Rääk kylä i Kuopio län 30,000 mk (hela an slaget 200,000 mk), hydrometriska un dersökningar 12,000 mk, remont af muddringsverk 45,000 mk och anskaf fande af nytt mudderverk 65,000 mk. Hela det fastställda nya arbetsför slaget slutar på en summa af 879,200 I mark. Af under utförande varande arbe ten, för hvilka anslag redan under fö regående år beviljats, må följande nämnas: slutförandet af landsvägs bygget emellan Muonio och Enontekis byar 16,000 mark (hela kostnadsför slaget är 380,000 mk), byggandet af en båthamn i Karlö i Österbotten 00,000 mk, upprensning af Purmanjokis söd ra del 25,000 mk (hela anslaget 46,000 mk), ikanalisering af Keituri och Her raskoski forsar i Visdois 110,000 mk (hela anslaget 550,000 mk), Hangö hamnbyggnadsarbeten 1,180,000 mk (hela anslaget 3,500,000 mk), kanalise ring af Lastukoski 25,000 mk (hela an slaget 326,000 mk), byggandet af Lep pävirta bro 50,000 mk (hela anslaget 143,000 mk), m. fl. Af under föregående år beviljade an slag är i 1907 års arbetsförslag cbser veradt ett belopp af 1,669,600 mk för slutförande eller fortsättande af tidi gare påbörjade arbeten. lians excellens Generalguvernö ren återvände i går med kurirtåget från Petersburg. Järnvägsmännens kunskap i rys ka. Senaten har fastställt föreskrift om, af hvilka tjänstemän och betjänte vid statsjärnvägarna skall fordras kun skap i-ryska språket. Afsked med en lifstidspension af 7,000 mk har beviljats öfveringeniören vid väg- och vattenbyggnaderna Os kar Lindberg och har äldre ingeniö ren R. v. Willebrand förordnats att uppehålla tjänsten, tills den blir ordi nariter besatt. Afsked har på begäran beviljats järnvägsläkaren M. Kiljander. Fullmakt har utfärdats för vice häradshöfdingen K. Sucksdorff å sek reteraretjänsten i järnvägsstyrelsen. Befrielse från försäkringsplikt har beviljats Forssa aktiebolag. Andelskassorna. Generalguver nören har förenat sig om senatens beslut, om fastställelse af stadgar för Purnujärvi och Inkila andelskassor. Senaten har fastställt stadgar för Ko vero, Ruutana, Kiuruvesi, Hautakylä och Pemar andelskassor. Polytekniska institutet. Senaten har beviljat ett anslag af 1,500 mark i ersättning åt biträdande läraren vid polytekniska institutet Jalmar Castrén för vidsträcktare undervisningsskyl dighet under innevarande år. Förlängd flottningslid med 15 da gar från den 15 november har bevil jats Kymmene flottningsbolag för flottning i Kymmene älf. Voimaförhiindefs upplösning. Gu vernören har till magistraten afsändt senatens skrifvelse angående Voima förbundets upplösning i och för att densamma måtte meddelas förbundets ledare till kännedom och efterrättelse. Äfven polismästaren har af guver nören blifvit underrättad om senatens ifrågavarande åtgärd samt anmodad att öfvervaka, att densamma åtlydes. Guvernörernas årsvaxfberSttel ser. Guvernören i Viborgs län rap porterar den 5 dennes: Årets skörd inom detta län har till följd af den lång variga torkan under somma ren icke förverkligat alla de för hoppningar, som landlmannen närde vid sommarens ingång, men kan års skörden emellertid anses såsom me delmåttig och till och med rikligare, hvarjämte densamma till kvaliteten är god tjänlig till utsäde, isynnerhet som sädesväxterna icke skadades af frost, som först senare på hösten ställvis i mindre mån skadade endast potatisen, hvarför man kan antaga att länets befolkning i allmänhet, om också den är tvungen att med mindre tillgångar gå vintern till mötes, då å flere orter inom länet utsikt finnes om lönande skogsarbeten och frakter under vintern äfvensom annan pen ningeförtjänst, med iakttagande af större sparsamhet skall utan att be liöfva anlita regeringens hjälp kunna invänta nästa års skörd, om hvilken förhoppningarna dock icke äro myc ket lofvande, enär rågbrodden till följd af den under hösten rådande torkar, icke i tillfredsställande grad utvecklat sig. Helsingfors tullkammare. Uppbörden under oktober. Uppbörden enligt 3 Afd. I. 1. i statsförslaget steg under oktober i år efter vederbörliga afskrifnin gar till 1,594,400:36 mark. Sum man uppbörd var år 1903 1,304,374: 25 mark samt år 1904 1,294,885:72 mark. Uppbörden fördelade sig i år så 4 lunda: tullafgifter 1,492,275:42 mark, sjöfartsafgifter 44,768:10 mk nederlagsafgifter 1,173:65 mk, in förselafgilter för utländsk och tull för rysk tobak 63,141:34 mk, tran sitoafsrifter 14:10 mk, sågningsaf gifter 2,323:58 och expeditionsafgif ter 4,477:40 mk. Afskrifningarna på grund af licenser och andra or saker utgjorde 13,773:23 mk. Summan uppbörd efter afskrif ningar steg för jan.—ultimo okt. i år »ill 13,031.361:19 mk mot 10,252,924:93 mk år 1905 och 9,216,355:93 mk år 1904. O. H. Smärre senatsärenden. Till domstol har senaten hänvisat småborgaren Jefim Kirejeff med sina anspråk på ersättning i anledning af att hans son blifvit öfverkörd af ban tåg. Industriskolorna. Vikariatet for lektorstjänsten i väg- och vattenbygg-l nadslilra vid den svenskspråkiga in dustriskolan i Vasa har, för den tid tjänstens innehafvare, ingeniör A. Granfelt är sysselsatt vid kommittén för klargörande af, hvilka kraftkällor kunde för införande af elektrisk drift vid finska statsjärnvägarna sta till buds, ansökts af ingeniörerna T. rutk kinen och O. Martikainen. Postverket. En ledig expedatörs tjänst vid postkontoret i Tammerfors sökes af postexpeditören G. W. Roos, postbokhållaren J. W. Simberg, Olga Druschinin, Edith S. Grenman och Emilia \V. Sjöstedt, expeditörsbiträde na J. W. Tolonen, P. W. Kekäläinen och K. V. Tamminen samt postexpe ditionsföreståndaren F. Heiskanen. På poststyrelsens framställning har senaten förordnat, att särskilda vid postverket under ar 1906 anställda extra tjänstemän äfven under år 1907 skola förbli i tjänstgöring. Forslkonsulenlerna. Först konsu lentbefattningen hos Finska Forstför eningen har ansökts af farstkonduk förerne A. Sohlman och I. H. .V. Las sila. Statsjärnvägarna. Till andre bok hållare i l:sta trafiksektionen har ge neraldirektören utnämnt andre biljett försäljaren i Terijoki Alexander Rae. För valmänen att ob servera.
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https://github.com/tanvirAlamOmi/inventory_management_full-Laravel-Vue/blob/master/resources/views/adminDashboard/master.blade.php
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Github Open Source
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MIT
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inventory_management_full-Laravel-Vue
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tanvirAlamOmi
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PHP
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Code
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| 35,812 |
https://github.com/Tuxdude/logback-colorizer/blob/master/colorizer/src/test/java/org/tuxdude/logback/extensions/tests/TestLogColorizer.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,022 |
logback-colorizer
|
Tuxdude
|
Java
|
Code
| 495 | 1,906 |
/**
*
* Copyright (C) 2014 Ash (Tuxdude) <tuxdude.github@gmail.com>
*
* This file is part of logback-colorizer.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.tuxdude.logback.extensions.tests;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.Level;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.spi.ILoggingEvent;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.spi.LoggerContextVO;
import junitx.util.PrivateAccessor;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.tuxdude.logback.extensions.LogColorizer;
/**
* Test the LogColorizer.
*/
public class TestLogColorizer {
private ILoggingEvent getMockEvent() {
return mock(ILoggingEvent.class);
}
private void setLogbackProperty(
final ILoggingEvent mockEvent,
final String propertyKey,
final String propertyValue) {
LoggerContextVO mockContext = mock(LoggerContextVO.class);
Map<String, String> mockPropertiesMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
mockPropertiesMap.put(propertyKey, propertyValue);
when(mockEvent.getLoggerContextVO()).thenReturn(mockContext);
when(mockContext.getPropertyMap()).thenReturn(mockPropertiesMap);
}
private void setLogLevel(final ILoggingEvent mockEvent, final Level level) {
when(mockEvent.getLevel()).thenReturn(level);
}
private String invokeTransform(
final LogColorizer logColorizer,
final ILoggingEvent mockEvent,
final String input) {
String result = null;
try {
result = (String) PrivateAccessor.invoke(
logColorizer,
"transform",
new Class[] {ILoggingEvent.class, String.class},
new Object[] {mockEvent, input});
} catch (Throwable throwable) {
StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
throwable.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(stringWriter));
fail(stringWriter.toString());
}
return result;
}
private String expectedTransform(final String input,
final String foregroundColor,
final Boolean isForegroundBold,
final String backgroundColor,
final Boolean isBackgroundBold) {
String result = "";
if (foregroundColor != null) {
result += LogColorizer.ESC_START;
if (isForegroundBold) {
result += LogColorizer.COLOR_BOLD;
}
result += LogColorizer.FG_PREFIX + foregroundColor + LogColorizer.ESC_END;
}
if (backgroundColor != null) {
result += LogColorizer.ESC_START;
if (isBackgroundBold) {
result += LogColorizer.COLOR_BOLD;
}
result += LogColorizer.BG_PREFIX + backgroundColor + LogColorizer.ESC_END;
}
return result + input + LogColorizer.COLOR_RESET_ALL;
}
/**
* Tests all the constant values exposed from LogColorizer to
* ensure they're valid.
*/
@Test
public void testConstants() {
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLORIZER_PROPERTY, "COLORIZER_COLORS");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.ESC_START, "\033[");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.ESC_END, "m");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_BOLD, "1;");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_BLACK, "0");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_RED, "1");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_GREEN, "2");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_YELLOW, "3");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_BLUE, "4");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_MAGENTA, "5");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_CYAN, "6");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_WHITE, "7");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_RESET, "0");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.FG_PREFIX, "3");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.BG_PREFIX, "4");
assertEquals(
LogColorizer.COLOR_RESET_ALL,
LogColorizer.ESC_START + LogColorizer.COLOR_RESET + LogColorizer.ESC_END);
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_NAME_BLACK, "black");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_NAME_RED, "red");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_NAME_GREEN, "green");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_NAME_YELLOW, "yellow");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_NAME_BLUE, "blue");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_NAME_MAGENTA, "magenta");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_NAME_CYAN, "cyan");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLOR_NAME_WHITE, "white");
assertEquals(LogColorizer.COLORIZER_PROPERTY, "COLORIZER_COLORS");
}
/**
* Test various color combinations for properties, and the
* result.
*/
@Test
public void testColorCombinations() {
LogColorizer logColorizer = new LogColorizer();
ILoggingEvent mockEvent = getMockEvent();
setLogbackProperty(
mockEvent,
LogColorizer.COLORIZER_PROPERTY,
"red@,boldgreen@magenta,@blue,yell@,@");
String input = "Test Input";
setLogLevel(mockEvent, Level.ERROR);
assertEquals(
expectedTransform(
input,
LogColorizer.COLOR_RED,
false,
null,
false),
invokeTransform(logColorizer, mockEvent, input)
);
setLogLevel(mockEvent, Level.WARN);
assertEquals(
expectedTransform(
input,
LogColorizer.COLOR_GREEN,
true,
LogColorizer.COLOR_MAGENTA,
false),
invokeTransform(logColorizer, mockEvent, input)
);
setLogLevel(mockEvent, Level.INFO);
assertEquals(
expectedTransform(
input,
null,
false,
LogColorizer.COLOR_BLUE,
false),
invokeTransform(logColorizer, mockEvent, input)
);
setLogLevel(mockEvent, Level.DEBUG);
assertEquals(
input,
invokeTransform(logColorizer, mockEvent, input)
);
System.out.println("Result is " + invokeTransform(logColorizer, mockEvent, input));
setLogLevel(mockEvent, Level.TRACE);
assertEquals(
input,
invokeTransform(logColorizer, mockEvent, input)
);
}
}
| 43,393 |
confederatemilit72evan_9
|
English-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,899 |
Confederate military history; a library of Confederate States history
|
Evans, Clement Anselm, 1833-1911, ed
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,412 | 12,874 |
Lott and J. Banks were wounded. Commending every officer, he specially names Capt. A. J. Derby and Adjt. T. A. Hatch. "J. W. Tillinghast, of Company B, carried the colors both days, and always to the front; he is a cool, brave man and deserves special mention." No. 55 — (661, 745) Assignment as above. Casualties, 9 killed, 18 wounded, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, November 24 and 25. 1863. No. 56 — Assignment as above, October to December, 1863; total preeent, 353, December 14th. No. 57 — (479) Casualties at Rocky Face Mountain, February 24 and 25, 1864, 11 wounded. No. 74— (641, et seq.) In Clayton's (Holtzclaw's) bri- gade, Stewart's division. Hood's corps, Atlanta campaign. (831-834) Mentioned in Gen. H. D. Clayton's report of the several engagements from the 7th of May to the 25th, 1864 (including Rocky Face mountain, Resaca and New Hope church)^ highly commends regiment and says: "I feel I ought to particularly mention Lieut. John R. Hall, 172 CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. Lieut. J. M. Walker, and Lieut. J. T. Jackson, of the Thirty-sixth Alabama rej^iment." Casualties, 14 killed, 70 wounded. ( 836-838 ) Report of Capt. James A. Wemyss, in command of regiment: "Rocky Face moun- tain, May loth, i killed, 5 wounded; Resaca, May 15th, 14 killed, 70 wounded; New Hope church, May 25th, Col. L. T. Woodruff was seriously wounded, 8 killed and 27 wounded. Aggregate casualties, 133." (864) Men- tioned by Col. J. C. Lewis. No. 79 — (897) Total present, 303, November 7, 1864. No. 93 — (665) December 10, 1864, Capt. Nathan M. Carpenter commanding regiment, Nashville campaign. No. 103 — (1046) In Holtzclaw's brigade, district of the Gulf, March 10, 1865. THE THIRTY-SEVENTH ALABAMA INFANTRY. The Thirty-seventh was organized at Auburn in the spring of 1862; sent to Columbus, Miss., from there to Tupelo. With Price at luka, September 19-20, 1862, it began its long roll of battles, and was highly commended by Brigadier-General Martin and by General Price. Both its colonel, J. F. Dowdell, and its lieutenant-colonel, A. A. Greene, were wounded in this fight, besides forty- three of the men. The regiment went into battle with 304 men, so that its loss was heavy. General Little, in whose division it was, was killed at luka. In the battle of Corinth, October 3-5, 1862, it lost heav-ily and its brigade commander. General Martin, was killed. Bri- gaded under General Moore, the winter of 1S62-63 was spent in Mississippi. It took part at Chickasaw Bayou, was sent to Sunflower river, but returned before the close of the spring; was in the battles of Port Gibson, May I, 1863, and Baker's Creek, May i6th, where it lost heavily. From that time till July 4th it formed part of the garrison at Vicksburg, and was captured with that place, where it had suffered greatly from losses and priva- tions. For awhile, after being exchanged, the regiment was in parole camp at Demopolis. Later it was transferred . I CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. 173 to the army of Tennessee, and took part in the battles of Lookout Mountain, November 24th; Missionary Ridge, November 25th. After wintering- at Dalton, brigaded under Gen. Alpheus Baker, the regiment was ever in the van of the army in the battles of the Georgia campaign, at Rocky Face mountain. May 9th and loth; Resaca, May 14th and 15th; and New Hope church. May 2sth, where it lost heavily, officers and men. In the battles around Atlanta its casualties were great. The regiment was sent for in the winter to do garrison duty at Spanish Fort, but early in the spring it was re- turned to the army of Tennessee, and again was in battle at Bentonville. Consolidated with the Forty-second and Fifty-fourth Alabama, commanded by Col. John A. Win- ter, it surrendered in North Carolina. This regiment was remarkable for the large number of its officers killed and wounded. Capt. Marion C. J. Searcy was wounded at Corinth and killed at Missionary Ridge. Capt. W. W. Meadows was killed, and Capts. Moses B. Greene, John O. Davis and S. M. Robertson were wounded, at Corinth; Capt. J. C. Kendrick was wounded at Corinth and at Atlanta; Capt. J. J. Padgett was wounded; Capt. Joel G. Greene, at At- lanta; Capt. C. Pennington, at Resaca; Capt. J. M. Leach was killed at New Hope; Capt. C. E. Evans was wounded at Resaca and Atlanta; Capt. James H. Johnson wounded at Atlanta. Its field officers were Col. James F. Dowdell, captured atVicksburg; Lieut.-Col. A. A. Greene, wounded at luka and at Missionary Ridge, and killed at Atlanta; Lieut. - CoL W. F. Slaton, wounded at Corinth and captured at Lookout Mountain; and Majs. John P. W. Amorine and Joel C. Kendrick. EXTRACTS FROM OFFICIAL WAR RECORDS. Vol. XVII, Part i— (123) Report of Gen. Sterling Price. of battle of luka, speaks of regiment as being in Martin's ■I ^ 174 CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. brigade. Says Col. James F. Dowdell and Lieut. -Col. A.A.Greene were wounded, the latter severely. (132-133) General Martin's report of same engagement speaks in high commendation of the cool gallantry and daring of Col. James F. Dowdell; also of Lieutenant-Colonel Greene, who was severely wounded, and Major Slaton, who acted bravely and nobly. He gives casualties, 12 killed, 43 wounded. Acting Asst. Adjt.-Gen. J. W. McDonald gives the strength of regiment going into this battle as 304. (382) Five killed, 35 wounded, at the battle of Corinth, October 3-5, 1S62. (386) Hebert's division, October 20, 1862. (688) Mentioned in Colonel Withers' report of operations, January 2, 1863. No. 37 — (327) In Moore's brigade, Forney's division, July 4, 1863, army of Vicksburg. (369) Casualties, 16 killed, 38 wounded, during the siege of Vicksburg, May 7th to July 4th. (381-382) Mentioned in Gen. John C. Moore's report. No. 55 — (658, 691, 704) In Moore's brigade, Cheatham's division, Hardee's corps, army of Tennessee. Casualties at Lookout Mountain, November 24th, and Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863, 4 killed, 12 wounded. Men- tioned in General Moore's report. No. 56 — (803, 822) Assignment as above, December, 1863. Lieut. -Col. Alex. A. Greene in command of regi- ment. Total present, 407. No. 57— (4S1) Mentioned by Col. John H. Higley, Feb- ruary 25, 1864, in report of demonstration on Dalton. No. 74 — (649, et seq.) In Baker's brigade, Stewart's (later Clayton's) division, Hood's corps, army of Tennes- see, General Johnston, Atlanta campaign. (81S) Men- tioned in Gen. Alex. P. Stewart's report of operations. May 7 to 27, 1S64. "During the 27th the Thirty-seventh Alabama, Lieutenant-Colonel Greene, suffered severely from the fire of a battery, and, with the Fifty-fourth Alabama, who reinforced it, is especially entitled to mention for the fortitude with which they endured the ordeal. (819) Report of Gen. Henry D. Clayton of battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1S64, deplores the loss of Lieutenant- Colonel Greene. (845-847) Gen. Alpheus Baker's report of Rocky Face, Resaca and New Hope church, speaks in the highest terms of the heroic fortitude of the Thirty- seventh. On the 27th the regiment lost 50 men killed and wounded, one of the latter being their brave and 1: CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. 175 skillful commander, Lieutenant-Colonel Greene. (847-849) Ki-jwrt of Lieutenant-Colonel Greene gives a graphic de- M.Tiption of the action of the regiment. He gives losses: Ke&ica, 4 killed, 3 wounded; New Hope church, 9 killed, ^ J wounded. Total loss, 15 killed, 86 wounded, 8 missing. "The conduct of all my officers and almost all my men has been admirable in battle, and on the weary march, since the 7th of May." Xo. 78 — (803, 854) Transferred to Mobile with Baker's brigade, in August, 1864. Brigade consisted of Thirty- seventh, Fortieth, Forty-second and Fifty-fourth Ala- bama. (862) General Hood, September 22, 1864, asks that Baker's brigade be returned to him. No. 93 — (1232) Baker's brigade, Liddell's division, dis- trict of the Gulf, General Maury ; department of Missis- sippi, Alabama and East Louisiana, Gen. Richard Taylor; November, 1864, with the Fortieth and Forty-second, under Col. John H. Higley. No. 98 — (1064) Brantly's brigade, Lee's corps, Johns- ton's army, consolidated with Forty-second and Fifty- fourth, under Col. John A. Minter, after April 9, 1865. No. 100 — (687) Two hundred and four prisoners taken by brigade, March 19, 1865. (698, 734) Baker's brigade, Clayton's division, Lee's corps, army of Tennessee, March, 1865; Capt. T. B. Richards. No. 103 — (940) Special order. No. 28, General Maury, Mobile, Januar>' 28, 1S65: "Brig.-Gen. A. Baker will proceed with his brigade to Augusta, Ga., via Mont- gomery, Ala." THE THIRTY-EIGHTH ALABAMA INFANTRY. The Thirty-eighth regiment was organized at Mobile in May, 1S62, and remained there until February, 1S63. Its first brigade commander was General Slaughter: then General Cumming. Transferred to Bragg's army, it was under General Clayton until his promotion ; then under General Holtzclaw from July, 1864, until its surrender at Meridian. At Hoover's Gap, June 24, 1863, it v/ent into its first real battle, coming out almost unscathed; but at Chickamauga, September 19th and 20th, its loss w.is very great. At Missionary Ridge, November 25th, a large number, after fierce fighting, were captured. 176 CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. The winter of 1S63-64 was passed at Dal ton, and with the spring of 1S64 came the regiment's hardest work, in the Atlanta campaign. At Rocky Face mountain, May 7th to loth; at Resaca, May 14th and 15th; New Hope church, May 25th, and at Atlanta, July 20th to 28th, its losses were severe, both in killed and wounded, and by capture. In Holtzclaw's brigade, it went with Hood into Tennes- see and protected the rear of the army in the retreat. Transferred with the brigade to ]Mobile, it was in the de fense of Spanish Fort, where it suffered-its greatest pri- vations. ■ It held its original organization until the end, and surrendered its remnant of 80 men at Meridian. Adjt. Alfred R. Murray was wounded; Capts. W. R. Welsh, John B. Perkins and Charles E. Bussey were killed at Chickamauga; Capts. W. H. "Wright, wounded and captured; John A. Jackson, captured at Alissionary Ridge. Captain Jackson died in prison. Capt. Ben Lane Posey was captured at Chickamauga, and wounded at Kenesaw. The field officers were Cols. Charles T. Ketchum, and A. R. Lankford, captured at Resaca ; and Majs. O. S. Jew- ett, killed at Chickamauga, and W. J. Hearin, captured at Missionary Ridge. EXTRACTS FROM OFFICIAL WAR RECORDS. Vol. XV— (850) Army of Mobile, Gen. J. E. Slaughter; district of the Gulf, General Forney, October 31, 1S62. (ic6o) Second brigade. General Cumming, Western divi- sion, department of the Gulf, General Buckner com- manding. Vol. XVII, Part 2— (310) Federal report: "Thirty- eighth Alabama regiment was sent to Mobile, by Pem- berton, on October 21, 1862." Vol. XXIII, Part 2 — (943, 960) In Clayton's brigade, Stewart's division. General Bragg. July and August, 1863. No. 42 — (130) General Maury, August i, 1863, says: "Regiment had been detached from, garrison of Mobile and^sent to General Bragg." ^'0. 51 — (16) Assignment as above, at battle of Chick- '.< CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. 177 amauga. (367) Return of casualties, September i8 to 20, ii>'>3, 37 killed, 143 wounded. (369) List of those who distinguished themselves in battle of Chickamauga: Scrgt. -Maj. J. R. Larkin; Sergt. J. W. George, Com- pany H; Private J. P. Seabrook, Company I; Private Calloway Johnson, Company E. (389, 400-403) Men- tioned in reports of Col. Bush Jones and Gen. Henry D. Claj-ton. (404) Carried into battle, on the 19th, 461 puns, 29 officers; on the 20th, 314 guns, 17 officers; report of Colonel Ketchum, commanding brigade. (409- 411) Col. A. R. Lankford's report says: "The non-com- missioned officers and men of my command exhibited the courage and gallantry which characterize all South- em soldiers, particularly Alabamians. He also com- mends the coolness and bravery of Color-bearer Joel Bell, Company E, who carried the colors of the regiment ahead of all others. (534) Roll of honor, battle of Chicka mauga: Private T. C. Ezell,* Company A; Corp. James M. Moore, Company B; Corp. J. E. Piatt, Company C Private A. McAlpin,* Company C; Sergt. W. W. Bufo'rd,^ Company D; Corp. Joel W. Bell, Company E; Pri vate A. D. Sims, Company F; Sergt. W. W. Holly, ^ Company G; Private Patrick Dayton,* Company H Sergt. G. F. Williamson,* Company I; Private Francis H. Wilson,* Company K; Sergt. John L. Mayse, Com pany K. No. 56— (887) Total present, 272, December 14, 1S63, In Clayton's brigade, Stewart's division, Breckinridge's corps, arm}- of Tennessee, Johnston commanding, De cember 31, 1863. No. 57 — (479) Return of casualties at Rocky Face Mountain (February 24 and 25, 1864), 2 killed and 18 v.-Munded. No. 74 — (641, et seq.) Assignment as above. Hood's corps, Atlanta campaign. June 30, 1864, Capt. Daniel Lee commanding regiment; Holtzclaw commanding bri- gade (Clayton's division), July loth; Capt. Ben 'Lane Posey commanding regiment, August 31st. (832, 834) Gen- eral Clayton's report (including Rocky Face mountain, Rcsaca and New Hope church) says: "xVfter having two color-bearers killed. Colonel Lankford was last seen with his colors in his hand. ' ' He particularly mentions J( iscjih 1" '-ant, who was killed, and Lieut. L. F. Irv/in, who was * Killed in action. 178 COXFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. severely wounded. Report of casualties gives 2 killed, 15 wounded. (836-S38) Mentioned in Colonel Wemyss' report. (83S-S40) Report of Capt. George W. Welch, in command of regiment: Loss at Rocky Face, May Sth, 2 killed, 15 wounded; at Resaca, May 15th, 7 killed, 53 wounded. Colonel Lankford was captured at New Hope church the 2Sth; 27th, loss was 3 killed, 20 wounded. No. 79 — (897) Total present, 236, November 7, 1864; Maj. H. I. Thornton commanding regiment. No. 93 — (665, 704) In Holtzclaw's brigade, Claj'ton's division, December 10, 1864; Capt. Charles E. Bussey commanding regiment. No. 103 — (1046) Holtzclaw's brigade, district of the Gulf, General Maury, :March 10, 1865; Capt. Charles E. Bussey commanding regiment. THE THIRTY-NINTH ALABAMA INFANTRY. The Thirty-ninth Alabama was organized in May, 1862, and went immediately to Mississippi, where it was bri- gaded under Gen. Frank Gardner with the Nineteenth, Twenty-second, Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth (Fiftieth) regiments. It went into Kentucky, but being generally in the reserve, its first battle of consequence was after its return, at Murfreesboro, December 31st, where it made a fine record. The regiment behaved gallantly at Chick- araauga, September 19 and 20, 1863, losing nearly 27 per cent of its force. At Missionary Ridge, November 25th, it fought ag.iin with less loss. The regiment win- tered at Dalton, and fought under Hood through the Dal- ton- Atlanta campaign. .\t Atlanta, July 20th to 2 2d, it suffered great loss, and Colonel Clifton was severely wounded. At Jonesboro, August 31st and September ist, it was again in the sharpest of the fighting. At Nash- ville, December 15th and i6th, a large number were cap- tured. The regiment went with Johnston into the C:iro- linas, fought its last fight at Bentonville, and was surren- dered at Yadkin river bridge. Maj. J. D. Smith was killed at Jonesboro, Captain Roberts in North Carolina. Capt. Willis Banks near Atlanta, Capts. T. O. Stanford I CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. 179 .v:A Joseph C. Clayton at Murfreesboro, and Capt. C. H. Matthews at Peachtree Creek. The field officers were Henry D. Clayton, who was >cvcrely wounded at Murfreesboro and at Atlanta, pro- moted to brigadier, and afterward major-general, and displayed great skill and heroism to the end; Col. Whit- field Clark, Lieut. -Cols. James Flewellen, Lemuel Har- trroves and W. C. Clifton. EXTRACTS FROM OFFICIAL WAR RECORDS. ' '• Vol. X, Part I— (-88) First brigade, Gen. Frank Gard- ner, reserve corps, General Withers, army of the Missis- sippi, General Bragg, June 30, 1862. Vol. XVI, Part 2 — (764) In Gardner's brigade, army of the Mississippi, General Polk commanding, August 18 to 10, 1862. Vol. XX, Part i — (658) In Deas' brigade. Withers' divi- sion, Polk's corps, army of Tennessee, at Murfreesboro. (677) Casualties, December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, X, killed, 92 wounded. (754) Mentioned in Gen. Jones M. Withers' report. (973) Roll of honor, battle of Mur- freesboro: Adjt. J. M. Macon; Second Lieut. E. Q. Thornton, Company K; Second Lieut. E. O. Petty, Com- r.my B; Sergt. C. K. Hall, Company H ; Sergt. W. J. White, Company H; Sergt. E. Priest, Company K; Pri- vate W. C. Menefee, Company A; Sergt. A. J. Talbot, Company A; Private Samuel M. Martin, Company B; Pri- v.ite John Dansby, Company C ; Private Evander Bur- l;ctt. Company D; Private Frank Jones, Company E; ^•Tcrts. John H. Poyner and T. F. Espy, Company G; ^^ergt. Abner Flowers, Company I; Sergt. James Wil'bon, Company K. ^Vol. XXIII, Part 2— (735, 942, 958) In Deas' brigade. Withers' division (Twenty-sixth and Thirty-ninth under Colonel Clayton), April to August, 1863; July 31st, Col. Whitfield Clark in command. _ No. 51 — (15) In Deas' brigade, Hindman's division, at Chickamauga. (33S) Col. Whitfield Clark's report of the \'.itlle gives 14 killed, 82 wounded. Regiment went into :'--:ht with 310 muskets. {2,y)) Mentioned m Col. J. G. C' 'hart's report. No. 56 — In Deas' brigade, Hindman's division, Cheat- 180 CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. ham's army corps, to December, 1863. Total present. 337; Lieut. -Col. William C. Clifton commanding regi- ment, December 14, 1863. No. 74 — (640, et seq.) Assignment as above, Hood's corps, Atlanta campaign. August 31, 1S64, Maj. Drewn.- H. Smith commanding regiment. (779,780) Report of Capt. A. J. Miller (commanding regiment), operations July 22d and 28th (Atlanta) : "Lieutenant-Colonel Clifton was severely wounded. Capt. T. J. Brannon, who has since been sick, was in command." No. 93 — (664) Assignment as above, Johnson's division, Lee's corps, December 10, 1S64. THE FORTIETH ALABAMA INFANTRY. The Fortieth Alabama was organized at Mobile in May, 1862. It went to Vicksburg by way of Columbus, Miss., |,i and was brigaded with the Thirty-seventh and Forty- | second under General Moore; was in Featherstone's |; command in the Steele's bayou expedition, March 16 to |. 22, 1863; was transferred to Bragg's army, and appears I; to have served in detachment as sharpshooters for the Ij greater part of the time of its serA^ice. At Vicksburg it f j suffered severely, and a large portion was captured. \ Being paroled, it joined its command in Tennessee in i time to take part in the battle of Chickamauga, September | 19th and 20th, where it lost hea\-ily, next fighting at Look- I out Mountain, November 24th, and at Missionarj' Ridge, I November 2Sth. Gen. Alpheus Baker became its brig- \ adier, and it wintered at Dalton. It took a prominent part 'S in the Atlanta campaign; at Rocky Face, May 9 and 10, 1864; Resaca, May 14th and 15th, and at New Hope church, May 25th, making gallant charges and earning a fine record, both collectively and individually, as will be seen in the extracts below. In midsummer, 1864, the bri- gade was transferred to Mobile, and, under General Maur>-, took part in the defense of Mobile; but Hood, who knew well the gallantry of these troops, clamored for their re- turn, and in January, 1865, they were sent back to the army of Tennessee ; and after skirmishing and fighting, last of CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. 181 ill at Bentonville, March i8th, the regiment, consolidated With the Nineteenth and Forty-sixth, was surrendered at Vadkin river bridge. Adjt C. H. Ellerbee and Capt. James A. Latham were killed at Bentonville, Capt. Ed. Marsh at Dalton, Sergt. Preston S. Gilder, standard-bearer, at Resaca. The field officers were Cols. A. A. Coleman and John H. Higley, Lieut.-Cols. Thomas Stone (who died in the service) and Ezekiel Gully, and Maj. E. D. Willett. EXTRACTS FROM OFFICIAL WAR RECORDS. Vol. XV.— (850) Army of Mobile, General Slaughter, district of the Gulf, General Forney, October 31, 1862. Vol. XVII, Part i — (666) General Pemberton in his re- port of operations, Decemb r 21, 1S62, to January 2, 1863, jays: "On 25th, the Fortieth Alabama regiment. Col. A. A. Coleman, was ordered from Columbus to Vicks- burg." Vol. XVII, Part 2 — (797, 799) Colonel Coleman's regi- ment ordered to Columbus. (819) Captain Marsh's com- pany, E, at Jackson, serving as provost guard. (825) In Vicksburg, 332 effectives, in Major-General Smith's com- mand, January 3, 1863. Xo. 36 — (45S-461) General Featherstone's report of en- gagements on Rolling Fork and Deer creek, March 19th to 29th, in which regiment is mentioned several times. (467, 510) Mentioned in Col. S. W. Ferguson's report of engagement of March 2 2d, the Steele's bayou expedition. No. 37 — (327, 369) In Moore's brigade, Forney's di- vision, army of Vicksburg. Casualties in siege, 18 killed, 39 wounded. (381) Mentioned in J. C. Moore's report of siege, May 17 to July 4, 1S63. No. 38— (612, 705) Assignments. (762) Col. S. W. Fer- guson, Rolling Fork, April iS, 1S63, says: "I arrived here last night with the Fortieth Alabama. " (957) Called "Alabama battalion sharpshooters," in Walker's division at and near Yazoo City, June 7th. (1041) Eastern Louis- iana, Ector's brigade. Walker's division, July 30th; "Ala- bama battalion" under Maj. T. O. Stone. ^*'o. 51 — (14) "Stone's Alabama battalion sharpshoot- f''^." in Ector's brigade, September 19 and 20, 1S63, army ut Tennessee, General Bragg. - j 182 CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. No. 55— (658) Moore's brigade, Hardee's corps, Novem- bar 20, 1863, army of Tennessee, General Brag-o- (6„,. Casua ties, November 24 and 25, 1863, 4 killed -o wounded (704) Mentioned in Gen. J. C. Moore's report of engagements on Lookout Mountain and Jlis sionary Ridge. ^^^■^^~P:^^ Stone's sharpshooters, Ector's brigade French s division, November 20, 1863. In department of Mississippi and Last Louisiana, General Johnston (803) xMoore s brigade, Cheatham's division, December 10,1863. In army of Tennessee, General Hardee (8-1 December 14, 1863, 429 total present. (884) Assignme"nt as above, December 31st. s '«■ No 57-(4So 481) Report of Col. John H. Higley, com- manding brigade, operations Februarv 23 to 27 1864 r.f%^^~:^f^^ ^" December 16. 1S63, General Johnston was directed to turn over the immediate command of armv of the Mississippi to General Polk. This department ^vas officiallycalled-The department of Alabama, Mississippi F.l^ K T^y- (5S4) "Stone's sharpshooters. •■ frr^ ^ I'r^^r \ J'-^l^aiT 20, 1864, in General Polk's army. (The sharpshooters under Lieutenant-Colonel llT^^x^^^'^' T ''"I'^TT d<^tachment of the Fortieth.) (587) Moore s brigade, Hardee's corps, January 20, 1S64 ^oT/.i.:.^""""'''"' ^"""'^1 Johnston; Lieutenant Colonel btone m command of regiment. ^'"'J'^^^'^"). B'^ker's brigade, Stewart's division, April n' wm V. ' ^''T' '''""^' °^" Tennessee; Capt. Elbert u. VVillett commanding regiment. No. 74 (641, et seq.) Assignment as above, April to August, 1864; August 31st, Col. John H. Hic^lev com- manding regiment^ (844-S47) Gen. Alpheus Baker's re- ^nil^ A^ '°'^l ^'^^^- ^- '^^''^^^h' ^ ^'^l^ed oificer. was rS \ t^\ '^'^ ,^^^"^l^»-J-'jearer (Sergt. Preston L, Gilder) acted 'jvath the highest gallantry and fell in front of his comrades, pierced by the bullets of the foe He speaks also ot Colonel Higley. (849, 850) Colonel Hig- mL rP*""] °^ ^"'"^y ^''^?" mountain, Ma/ioth: Captafn Marsh and 2 privates killed; Lieut. J. C. Moore^and t.fv''n ? wounded. May 15th, Sergt. R S. Gilder w^r V Jf T?I^^ ""'^T '" ^"'^^^ °f his command; colors were left on field. Adjutant Ellerbee, Lieutenant Kni^h- Z^ Lieutenant Petcet returned to field and securci colors under a heavy hre. Loss, 5 killed. 34 wounded; f CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. 183 M.iy 25th, loss 3 killed, 9 wounded. "I commenced the v.iinpaign May 7th with 416 effective men; at present (M.iy 31st) I number 326 effective men. Total, 17 killed, oc> wounded, 3 missing." Conduct of officers and men commended highly. Xo. 75 — (481) Mentioned in General Sherman's com- munication, dated Big Shanty, Ga., June 15, 1864. (For other extracts, see those in connection with the Thirty- ^c•venth Alabama, brigade organization remaining the s,ime.) No. 100 — (734) Same assignment, March 31, 1865, army near Smithfield ; Capt. Thomas M. Bronson commanding regiment. THE FORTY-FIRST ALABAMA INFANTRY. The Forty- first regiment, 1,250 strong, was organized in May, 1862; was ordered from Tuscaloosa to Chattanooga; was in Middle Tennessee for some months, doing guard duty principally; was sent to Kentucky in September, brigaded under General Hanson, being the only Alabama troops in his Kentucky brigade. Under its gallant and brave Colonel Stansel, who shared its vicissitudes from the beginning until the close, it fought valiantly at Mur- freesboro, December 31st to January 2d, where two of .its finest lieutenants were killed, as was its brigade com- mander, General Hanson. Gen. Marcus Wright and Colonel Hunt, successively, commanded the Kentucky bri- gade, but in May, 1863, it was assigned to General Helm, and moved to Tullahoma in Breckinridge's army. The !'(-".,Mment was engaged in the operations for the relief of Vicksburg, and in the trenches at Jackson through the long, weary summer of 1S63. Rejoining the army of Tennessee, the regiment immortalized itself at Chicka- mauga, September 19 and 20, 1863. Of the 325 men who went into battle, 147 were killed and wounded, several <jf them officers. Again it lost its brigade commander, ''■cncral Helm being killed in this battle. In November, '■••■c find the regiment brigaded witli the Forty-third Ala- ■ '.imaandthe First, Second, Third and Fourth battalions. 184 CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. Hilliard's legion (aftenvard known as the Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth Alabama), and Stalhvorth's sharpshooters, under the command of General Gracie, which organization remained identical until the surrender; took part, with considerable loss, in the campaign of East Tennessee. In April, 1864, the brigade was sent to Virginia; was at Drewry's Bluff, May 12th to i6th, and at Dutch Gap. Took part in the siege of Petersburg, March 25 th to April 2d, where Maj. L. D. Hudgins was killed, and the loss was ver}- severe; suffered greatly at Hatcher's Run; at White Oak road it lost its brave and gallant Lieutenant- Colonel Trimmier. The regiment was bravely fighting at Appomattox, and had repulsed the enemy, when the flag of truce ended the fight, and, at the same time, the long war. Of 1,454 names on the rolls since its enrollment, there were 270 in this last fight, led by Stansel, and under the command of General Gordon. Capt. Robert H. Mc- Cord died in the service; Capt. B. A. Hudgins was wounded, and Lieuts. J. T. Hardaway and N. B. Lender- man were killed, at Murfreesboro. Capt. L. M. Clements was wounded, and Lieut. A. Hawkins and Sergt.-Maj. Ira Tarrant were killed, at Chickamauga; Capt. H. M. Bell was wounded at Hatcher's Run. The field officers were Cols. Henry Talbird and M. L. Stansel, wounded at Murfreesboro, and since distin- guished in the political history of Alabama and at the bar; Lieut.-Cols. J. T. Murfee and T. G. Trimmier, who laid down his life at White Oak road; and Majs. Jesse G. Nash and L. D. Hudgins, the latter killed at Petersburg. EXTRACTS FRO.M OFFICIAL WAR RECORDS. Vol. XVI, Part 2— (717) Forty-first regiment at Tus- caloosa, 1,250 strong; ordered to Chattanooga, July 2, 1862. (762, 781, 789) Guarding bridge over Hiawassee, by order of General Bragg, August. Colonel Howard au- thorized to call on commander for assistance to enforce orders. (800) Three companies relieved from duty at Hiawassee and ordered to ]Ciin regiment, September 7th. (835) Ordered to Kentucky, September i6th. CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. 185 Vol. XX, Part i — (659, 679) In Hanson's brigade, H.irdee's corps, army of Tennessee, Stone's river cam- ••.i:^^i. Casualties at battle of Murfreesboro, 16 killed, 94 wuiinded. Lieutenants Hardaway and N. B. Lendennan killed. (782-788) Mentioned in report of General Breck- inridge. (825-829) Mentioned in report of Colonel Trabue. "Lieutenant-Colonel Stansel commanded; regiment lost two of its best officers. Casualties, 18 killed, 89 wounded. A^'grcgate present, 521, January 8, 1863; aggregate present and absent, 938; aggregate last return, 1,055." (^^29, 830) Lieutenant-Colonel Stansel's report says: "During this time twoof our best lieutenants, James T. Hardaway and K. B. Lenderman, were killed, and a number of men wounded: still, however, we held our position against the most terrific assaults the enemy could bring to bear against it — a point called by General Bragg, himself, the key of the battlefield. On Friday evening, January 2d, this regiment, together with the Second, Fourth and Sixth Kentucky regiments, was ordered to the right of our posi- tion, and proceeded down Stone's river to a point about one mile north of Wayne's hill, to make an attack upon a large body of the enemy enforced there. In this attack, from which ensued a most terrific battle, my otficers and men demeaned themselves most gallantly, dri\ring the enemy before them, across the river, entirely from the position they held, pushing forward until they came within tr.c raking fire of the powerful batteries of the enemy, planted on the opposite bank of the river, and supported by almost their entire army. ... So gallant was the conduct of my otficers and men in this, the hardest ''^'""re^e of the battle, that it would seem invidious to discriminate between them. Casualties, 18 killed, 90 w.nmded." (832, 835, 836, 837) Mentioned in reports. Vol. XX, Part 2 — In Hanson's brigade, Breckinridge's division, November and December, 1S63. Vol. XXIII, Part 2— (620) Gen. Marcus Wright com- manding brigade, Breckinridge's division, January 29, 1863. (625) February 3, 1863, brigade ordered to report to Colonel Hunt at Manchester. (703) Colonel Hunt, NLinchester, April 22d, assumes command of brigade. (■"^47) In Helm's brigade, Breckinridge's division. May »'^t. (849) Moved to TuUahoma by command of General Hardee. ^'o. 37— (654) Before Jackson, Miss., July, 1863, i killed. 186 CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. No. 38 — (912) General Helm ordered to move direct to TuUahoma, May 23, 1863. No. 51 — (13) Assig^nment as above, at battle of Chick- amauga. (197-201) Mentioned in General Breckinridge's report. (203) Mentioned in report of Colonel Lewis, com- manding brigade: "The blood of her sons attests Ala- bama's chivalry and manhood. " (206) Effective total, 401, previous to engagement at Chickamauga. (207, 208) Re- port of Colonel Stansel: "At about 5 p. m. (Sunday, the 20th) we were, with our brigade, constituting the center battalion in the tinal charge upon the fortifications occupied by the enemy, when they were completely routed and driven liack for miles, resulting in a great victory to our arms. In this battle many of the officers and men demeaned themselves with marked gallantry, a fact which is amply corroborated by our large list of killed and wounded, and to them the highest commendation is due. The names of Major Nash, Captain Eddins and Adjutant Leland, and the officers in command of companies, deserve special mention. First Lieut. A. Hawkins, of Com- pany D, fell, bravely leading his men on the works of the enemy, and Sergt.-Maj. Ira Tarrant fell, nobly discharg- ing the duties of his position. The cool and fearless con- duct of Color-Sergt. Clark Richey deserves honorable mention for the manner in which he bore the regimental colors through the shock of battle. The regiment went into battle with 325 men, and our casualties were 27 killed and 120 wounded." No. 54 — (452) In Grade's brigade, Buckner's division, Longstreet's corps, November 30, 1863; Lieut. -Col. T. G. Trimmier commanding regiment. (534) Mentioned by Gen. Bushrod Johnson in report of operations from November 22 to E3ecember 21, 1863. Bean's Station, (December 14th), Lieutenant-Colonel Trimmier in com- mand of regiment. No. 56 — (6 1 8, 62S, 891) Transferred from Lewis' bri- gade to Gracie's brigade, November 3, 1863. No. 68 — (207) In Gracie's brigade. Ransom's division. General Beauregard's forces on the Richmond and Peters- burg lines. May, 1S64. No. 69— (862) In Gracie's brigade, department of Rich- mond, Gen. Robert Ransom, May, 1864; near Drewrv's bluif. No. So — (775, 779) Mentioned by Gen. B. R. Johnson. r CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. 187 No. 87— (909) Mentioned by Gen. B. R. Johnson, Peters- burg,'Va., November 6, 1864: "Three companies moved out and took the enemy's picket line in front of Gracie's salient, capturing 31 prisoners without firing a gun or losing a man." No. 88, No. 89— Various returns, 1864, in Gracie's bri- tjade, Longstreet's corps, Lee's army. No. 95— (1287, 1288) Mentioned in report of Gen. Bush- rod R. Johnson ; operations from March 28 to April 9, 1865. March 30th, brigade commanded by Colonel Stansel at White Oak road. (1300) Brigade mentioned in Gen. Fitzhugh Lee's report as being at Hatcher's Run, March 3>, 1865. THE FORTY-SECOND ALABAMA INFANTRY. The Forty-second Alabama, organized at Columbus, Miss., in May, 1862, was principally a reorganization of other regiments whose one year's service was completed. Lieutenant-Colonel Lanier, Maj. W. C. Fergus and Capt. George W. Foster were all from the Second Alabama, so that the regiment was immediately effective for the hard work before it. In September it was with the Thirty- seventh Alabama and Seventh Mississippi regiments in Maury's division of the army of the West. The next month it went into the siege of Corinth with 700 men, losing, killed and wounded, 348; of these, 11 were officers. The winter of 1862-63 was spent in Mississippi and the brigade was reorganized. It formed part of the garri- son at Vicksburg, where it lost heavily and was captured. From the parole camp at Demopolis, it went to join the army of Tennessee, and served in the battle of Lookout Mountain, November 24, 1863, and at Missionary Ridge, November 25th, where it fought with its usual gallantry. Wintering around Dalton, it took part in the defense of that place, February 28, 1864, and in the campaign from there to Atlanta. March 19th, Gen. Alpheus Baker took command of the brigade, which now consisted of the Thirty-seventh, Fortieth, Forty-second and Fifty-fourth Alabama. It fought at Resaca, May 14th and 15th; at 188 CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY New Hope church, May 25th; at Atlanta, July 25th to 28th. The losses on the 28th were very heavy. It was sent to Spanish Fort in August, where it formed a part of the garrison until January, when it was returned to the army of Tennessee. Its subsequent history is identical with that of the rest of the brigade. After April ist, it was consolidated with the Thirty-seventh and Fifty-fourth, Capt. William D. McNeill, lieutenant-colonel, and surren- dered with the army of Tennessee. Capts. George W. Foster and Allen B. Knox were killed, and Capt. John W. Haley mortally wounded, at Corinth. Capt. Robert Best died in the service. Capt. Robert K. Wills was killed at Atlanta, and Lieut. Capers W. Bodie at Vicksburg. The field oificers were Col. John W. Portis, who was wounded at Corinth; Col. T. C. Lanier, wounded at Corinth and at New Hope, and Maj. W. C. Fergus. Capt. W. D. McNeill was made lieutenant-colonel after consolidation. EXTRACTS FROM OFFICIAL WAR RECORDS. Vol. XVII, Part r — (375) Moore's brigade, Maury's divi- sion, army of Tennessee, General Van Dorn, October, 1862. (383) Casualties, battle of Corinth, October 3d to 5th, II officers wounded. (397-400) Report of Gen. John C. Moore of engagements at Corinth and at Hatchie bridge, October 5th, mentions Forty-second Alabama, Col. John W. Portis, belonging to brigade. Regiment "subjected to heavy fire on the 3d, though their loss in killed and wounded was but 8 or 10. including i officer. Corp. J. A. Goring, color-bearer of the P'orty-second, deserves partic- ular notice. Though shot down once, he gallantly bore the flag through the fight on the 4th. " No. 37 — (327) Moore's brigade, army of Vicksburg, General Pemberton. (329) Lieut. Capers W. Bodie killed during the siege of Vicksburg. (362) Mentioned by Gen- eral Forney, ^lay 24, 1863. (369) Casualties, 8 killed and 19 wounded, May 17 to July 4, 1S63, siege of Vicksburg. {381-383) Highly commended in General Moore's report of siege. (383) Lieut. -Col. Thomas C. Lanier coincides with other regimental leaders that the men are not able ;« J* ^''" CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. 189 to make a successful evacuation. (385) Mentioned in Col. Ashbcl Smith's report as "a gallant regiment No 38-(7 3i) Mentioned by Col. C. A. Fuller, Apnl 7, ,86v "At Yazoo City a Columbiad is manned by 2 officers and 20 men of the Forty-second Alabama who Save had considerable experience at Fort Morgan, (i 060) In Moore's brigade, Forney's division, parole camp, Au- ^nV^c;'i— (266) Mentioned in report of taking of Mission- ary-Ridge by Colonel Nodine (Union), November 27, 1863^ So Return of casualties at Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, November 24th and 25th, 2 killed, 7 wounded (704-706) Report of General Moore of same batUes; Lieutenant-Colonel Lanier commandmg regi- ""no. s6-(8o3, 822, 884) Moore's brigade, Cheatham's division, army of Tennessee; Lieut -Col. Thom^^ C. Lanier commanding regiment. Total present, 311- ^^e- '*'So^5;:!:(f80' Mentioned in Colonel Higley's report of operations, February 23 to 27, 1864, at DaUon. No 74— (664) Assignment as above, July, 1854; capt. W. b'. Kendrick commanding regiment (672) Assign- ment as above, August, 1864; Capt William D. McNeill. (851,852) Report of Capt. W. D. McNeill of operations May 7 to 13, 1S64, says: "Sergeant Richey saved the ■ colors of a Georgia regiment. We went into batt e with 300 on the 15th (Resaca) ; 5 officers and 32 men wounded, \ killed. Rev. J. P. McMillan, a ^if ^^^^7 ^°^^^^.^"; gade, was killed. T. C. Mitchell and Capt. G H. G_ra> were severely wounded. Total loss of regiment, 59; Xo. g8-(io64) Consolidated with the ^hlrt^se^enth and Fifty-fourth Alabama, atter April 9, '^^^v (1 orotncr extracts see those in connection with the Thirty-seventh Alabama, brigade organization remaining the same.) No. 100— (734) Same assignment, March 31, 1863-, Capt. William D. McNeill commanding regiment. THE FORTY-THIRD ALABAMA INFANTRY. The Forty-third was organized at Mobile in May, 1862, and went without delay directly to Chattanooga, where it was brigaded under General Leadbctter. Its colonel, Archibald Grade, Jr., soon displayed his ability and was 190 CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. afforded opportunity to early earn his promotion. First, as its colonel, and throughout the war from the fall of 1863 as its brigadier, he was never separated from the command. The regiment went into Kentucky with Kirby Smith, and returned, but did very little fighting. It spent the winter of 1862-63 ^.t Cumberland gap. At the battle of Chickamauga (September 19th and 20th), it fought most valiantly, and its loss was very heavy. Colonel Jolly was seriously, and for a long time sup- posed to be mortally, wounded; both General Preston and General Gracie were enthusiastic in their commenda- tion of the men and officers of this regiment, and the War Records preserve the names of many of the gallant sol- diers. It took part in the investment of Knoxville, November 17th to December 4th; was at Bean's Station, December 14, 1863, and wintered in East Tennessee. About this time the brigade was reorganized, and com- prised henceforward the Forty-first, Forty-third, Fifty- ninth (a consolidation of Hilliard's Second and Fourth battalions), Sixtieth (a consolidation of Hilliard's First and Third battalions), and the Twenty-third (Stall- worth's) battalion of sharpshooters. In May the brigade was sent to Virginia to General Beauregard, to oppose the Federal attempts on the outposts of Richmond. It was hotly engaged at Drewr>''s bluff, May 12th to i6th; was almost continually in the trenches at Petersburg from June, 1S65, till the end; and was fighting gallantly at Appomattox when the flag of truce called the halt which was eternal. It surrendered about 50 men. Adjt. John R. Shelton was killed near Richmond; Adjt. John L. Stephens was wounded, and Capt. O. W. Pritchett killed, at Drewry's bluff; Capts. James A. Gor- don, killed at Chickamauga; O. H. Prince, P. Gordon and Lieut. William H. Watkins, at Chattanooga; Capts. T. M. Hughes and J. A. Sylvester, at Petersburg. The field officers were Cols. Archibald Gracie, Jr., and r CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. 191 V. M. Moody; Lieut. -Col. John J. Jolly, severely ••..lunded at Chickamauga, and Majs. R. D. Hart, Y. M. Barber and William J. Mims. EXTRACTS FRO.M OFFICIAL WAR RECORDS. Vol. XVI, Part 2— (719) First brigade, General Lead- bettor, Heth's division. (750) Department of East Ten- nessee, July 3, 1862. Colonel Gracie sent from Clinton with two regiments to clean out a force of the enemy at ll'.intsville, Tenn., August loth. (985) Grade's brigade. Moth's division, troops under command of Gen. E. Kirby Smith, October; Col. Y. M. Moody commanding regi- ment. Vol. XX, Part 2 — Assignment as above, to December, 1 86 J, Cumberland Gap. Vol. XXII, Part 2— (127) General Gilmore (Union) iays, March 9, 1863, that there are 600 men under Col- onel Gracie at Cumberland Gap. (644, 711, 792) Assign- ment as above, April 25th; Col. J. J. Jolly commanding rcj^iinent. (805-947) At Bean's Station, April 30th. To mm-e to Morristown, May 7th. Ordered to march from Cumberland Gap and fall back, if necessary, on Knoxville, iune 17th; Col. Y. M. Moody commanding regiment, . '-ily 31st. Regiment ordered to remain at Knoxville ■ umil relieved, August 3d. I Xo. 51 — (418) General Preston's report of battle of I Chickamauga, September 19th and 20th, specially notices r ^'"1. Y. M. Moody. (420-422) General Gracie's report of , '."iTnc battle speaks in high terms of commendation of J Cloncl Moody and of Lieut. -Col. J. J. Jolly, who, though ^'•r;.nisly wounded in thigh, remained on field until o;),iged to be carried off. Also mentions some of the ""ble dead. (422-424) Colonel Moody's report says: j ' Almost in the beginning of the engagement (20th) | Lieutenant-Colonel Jolly and six company commanders j *'cre killed, or so severely wounded as to be compelled 1 to quit the field. Captain Gordon, Company C, was 1 »!ikd, and Captain Prince, Company A, mortally j Wounded. They were among the best officers of the j 'c;:iment, and fell encouraging their men and gallantly I ' ■•ccring them forward. Colonel Moody highly cummends Acting Adjt. Lieut. John R. S'neltOD of Company C, __ •iTiil asks for his promotion to the captaincy of his com- i 192 CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY. pany, made vacant by the death of Captain Gordon I would mention the foUowino^ enlisted men- Private W C Harris, Sergt. T. Cocke, Sergt- John B. Lanford, almost «ie foremost in regiment, with unflinching gallantry There are vacancies in the second lieutenancies and' I apply for their promotion, Privates Peppenhorst Mc Coy, Satterwhite, Sergeant Maxey, Sergeant Bruce and Riyate J. T. Elliott. Sergeant Stephenson and Private Hill also deserve notice, having done all that could be expected of the very best soldiers. My loss was, officers killed 3; wounded, 7. Alen killed, 13; wounded 76 '• (534) Roll of honor, battle of Chickamauga- Private Wil- ham R. Ethridge (killed). Company A; Private John A Meness, Company B; Sergt. W. C. Johnson, Company L); Sergt. Newton Bruce, Companv E; Sergt E X Maxey, Company F ; Private David Scott. Company g'- Pnvate Daniel F. Tubb, Company H ; Private John Barnes, Company I; Private William W. Scales, Com- P^°y K. Company C declined to make selection. ^ No. 54_(452) Grade's brigade, Buckner's division, ! -'-r \-Tj-/ ^.«^.^ ^ iji.i;ti.vjc, ijui.Kiiei s uivision Longstreet s corps, November 30, 1S63. (534-537) Men tioned in Gen. Bushrod Johnson's report of operations -ncluding affair at Bean's Station, December 14th No. 68— (207) Grade's brigade. Ransom's division r V J- ijuauiuu jonnson s report ot oper, including affair at Bean's Station, December 14th No. 68— (207) Gracie's brigade. Ransom's divisior Mays, 1S64; forces on Richmond and Petersburg line- General Beauregard. * No 69— (S6;) Gracie's brigade, department of Rich- mond, May 31, 1864, Gen. Robert Ransom, Jr. ; regiment 4 commanded by Capt. William W. Harder. ■" ' ^ | No. 88— (11 66) Assignment as above, August, 1S64; | L,ieut.-Col. John J. Jolly commanding regiment. (1227) i Gracie s brigade, Johnson's division, September i 1S64, 1 department of North Carolina and Southern Vir-inia. commanded by General Beauregard. (131 1) Gracie's - brigade, September, Gen. Bushrod Johnson's command. Ao. 95— (26S) Mentioned by Gen. J. Chamberlain (Union) as being an attacking party near Hatcher's Run. March 25, 1S65. (1274) Moody's brigade, Anderson's corps, Lee's army, April, 1865; Maj. Wra. J. Mims in command. •' THE FORTY-FOURTH ALABAMA INFANTRY.
| 20,011 |
https://github.com/kitajchuk/struck-sqs/blob/master/source/sass/core/_typography.scss
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| null |
struck-sqs
|
kitajchuk
|
SCSS
|
Code
| 332 | 1,130 |
/******************************************************************************
* Paragraphs
*******************************************************************************/
.p,
.cms p,
.sqs-block p {
@include p();
@include respond-min( $mobile-breakpoint ) {
font-size: $p-size-2;
};
@include respond-min( $desktop-breakpoint ) {
font-size: $p-size-3;
}
}
p {
a {
color: $black;
position: relative;
transition: color $base-duration $ease;
&:after {
background-color: $black;
bottom: -5px;
content: "";
height: 2px;
position: absolute;
right: 0;
transition: width $base-duration $ease;
width: 0;
}
}
}
.li,
.cms li,
.sqs-block li {
@include li();
}
.ol .li,
.cms ol li,
.sqs-block ol li {
@include ol-li();
}
.ul .li,
.cms ul li,
.sqs-block ul li {
@include ul-li();
}
.m,
.m p,
.footer .sqs-block p,
.stats__label p {
@include m();
}
.mp,
.mp p {
@include font-family-regular();
strong {
@include font-family-bold();
}
}
.m--static {
@include respond-min( $mobile-breakpoint ) {
font-size: $m-size;
};
@include respond-min( $desktop-breakpoint ) {
font-size: $m-size;
}
}
.m--bump {
margin-bottom: $meta-bump;
}
/******************************************************************************
* Links
*******************************************************************************/
.a,
.cms a {
@include a();
}
/******************************************************************************
* Headlines
*******************************************************************************/
.h1,
.cms h1,
.sqs-block h1 {
@include h1();
}
.h2,
.cms h2,
.sqs-block h2 {
@include h2();
}
.h3,
.cms h3,
.sqs-block h3 {
@include h3();
> strong {
@include font-family-bold();
}
}
.h4,
.cms h4,
.grid__desc h3 {
@include h4();
@include respond-min( $mobile-breakpoint ) {
font-size: $h4-size-2;
};
@include respond-min( $desktop-breakpoint ) {
font-size: $h4-size-3;
}
}
/******************************************************************************
* Quotes
*******************************************************************************/
.sqs-block-html {
blockquote {
@include h4();
@include font-family-medium();
&:before {
content: "\201C";
margin-left: -10px;
}
&:after {
content: "\201D";
}
}
}
.quo {
position: relative;
@include respond( $mobile-breakpoint ) {
padding-left: $mobile-padding;
padding-right: $mobile-padding;
}
}
.quo__src {
color: $red;
}
.quo__txt {
@include quo();
@include respond-min( $mobile-breakpoint ) {
font-size: $quo-size-2;
}
@include respond-min( $desktop-breakpoint ) {
font-size: $quo-size-3;
}
&:before {
@include font-family-bold();
color: $red4;
// content: "\201C \201D";
content: "\201C";
display: inline-block;
font-size: $quo-quos;
line-height: 1;
position: absolute;
left: -10px;
top: 0;
transform: translate3d( -100%, 0, 0 );
@include respond-min( $mobile-breakpoint ) {
font-size: $quo-quos-2;
}
@include respond-min( $desktop-breakpoint ) {
font-size: $quo-quos-3;
}
}
}
| 3,228 |
https://github.com/apache/jena/blob/master/jena-permissions/src/main/java/org/apache/jena/permissions/impl/ItemHolder.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause, Apache-2.0
| 2,023 |
jena
|
apache
|
Java
|
Code
| 422 | 899 |
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.jena.permissions.impl;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils;
import org.apache.jena.permissions.SecuredItem;
/**
* A class that holds the original item and the secured version of it.
*
* This class is used by the Invoker to return secured versions of the object
* during calls that return the called class for cascading.
*
* @param <Base> The base class that is being secured
* @param <Secured> The implementation (proxy) of the secured class.
*/
public class ItemHolder<Base, Secured extends SecuredItem> {
/**
* The base item that is being secured
*/
private final Base baseItem;
/**
* The proxy to the base class that implements the security.
*/
private Secured securedItem;
/**
* Constructor.
*
* @param baseItem The base item.
*/
public ItemHolder(final Base baseItem) {
super();
this.baseItem = baseItem;
}
/**
* Get the base item.
*
* This method is used in the proxy to get call to the underlying instance.
*
* @return The instance that is being protected.
*/
public Base getBaseItem() {
return baseItem;
}
/**
* Get the secured item.
*
* This method is used in the invocation handler to get the instance of the
* proxy on which a method call was made. Generally used in returning the
* original object to support cascading.
*
* @return the proxy.
*/
public Secured getSecuredItem() {
return securedItem;
}
/**
* Creates the proxy, saves it as the securedItem and returns it.
*
* @param handler The SecuredItemInvoker to create the proxy with.
* @return The proxy.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public final Secured setSecuredItem(final SecuredItemInvoker handler) {
final Set<Class<?>> ifac = new LinkedHashSet<>();
if (baseItem.getClass().isInterface()) {
ifac.add(baseItem.getClass());
}
ifac.addAll(ClassUtils.getAllInterfaces(baseItem.getClass()));
if (handler.securedItem.getClass().isInterface()) {
ifac.add(handler.securedItem.getClass());
}
ifac.addAll(ClassUtils.getAllInterfaces(handler.securedItem.getClass()));
securedItem = (Secured) Proxy.newProxyInstance(SecuredItemImpl.class.getClassLoader(),
ifac.toArray(new Class<?>[ifac.size()]), handler);
return securedItem;
}
}
| 13,401 |
bpt6k61546160_94
|
French-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
Journal du Palais : contenant les jugemens du Tribunal de cassation, et des tribunaux d'appel de Paris et des départemens, dans les principales causes et questions que les lois nouvelles rendent douteuses et difficiles
|
None
|
French
|
Spoken
| 8,646 | 21,554 |
A« § 4Enfin, soit au point de vue de la loi de 1856, soit à celui des principes généraux sur la responsabilité -pénale, on doit condamner un dernier considérant quiécarte la culpabilité par le motif suivant : « Tous les inventaires et la manière dont ils « ont été-dressés ont été approuvés et certifiés par « les assemblées générales des actionnaires. » — Il est impossible de trouver dans cette approbation, fut-elle-valable au-point de vue .civil, une fin de non-recevoir contre l'action du ministère publie basée sur la confection d'inventaires (frauduleux et la répartition illicite de dividendes. ' t Les faux, principes admis par l'arrêt du 21 avril tendent à discréditer les sociétés commerciales en livrant les commanditaires et les tiers à toutes les < machinations de la fraude. — Les premiers juges, dans un langage inspiré par une noble indignation I et |qui fait honneur à leur conscience, avaient flétri ce débordement de théories suspectes a. fondées sur i « 'despratiques subversives de toute règle et de tout ( ce drcût, non m'oins contraires aux saines maximes ] «f.ti'u'ne industrie et d'un -commerce réguliers qu'à 1 if'la'iriorale et'à'la'loi. »■— Symptôme inquiétant ( d'îiiiié'dèmp'laisanfce'.'-funeste pour les pratiques dé( lbyâlé's"de 'l'agiotage, l'arrêt' de 'Douai a affligé les dé£ fenseurs de la'moralité'publïque et les partisans du s commerce loyal ; mais .ce blâme universel ne suffi. rait pas. Parune exposition regrettable.de théories i 31 ihusitées-.et illégitimes, il s'est placé .sons le coup des censures de la Cour suprême, gardienne vigilante t des principes juridiquesiouvertement violés. ., ce En conséquence, Monsieur le,procureur géné: rai, je vous charge de dénoncer à la chambre cii; mioelle l'arrêt du 21 avril,-en :vertu de l'art. 441, i Cod. instr. crim., et dfen.requérir l'annulation dans : l'intérêt de la loi. ci Agréez, Monsieur le procureur général, l'assurance de ma haute considération. « Le garde.ies sceaux, ministre de la justice, ce Signé ; DSLANGLE. », ci A la lecture de celte lettre, on comprend que le garde des sceaux ait usé du droit que lui confère l'art. 441, Cod. iust. crim. Lui seul, comme chef de la justice, avait autorité pour qualifier aussi sê' vèremeut qu'il l'a fait l'arrêt de la Cour de Douai ; ' lui seul pouvait convenablement exprimer les. sentiments de la magistrature, ses doléances et les pro' testalions dans lesquelles elle décline toute solida' rite avec les doctrines de Douai.—D'un, autre côté, i à Paris et dans toutes les grandes villes de commerce, 1 les hommes les plus considérables de la finance et de 1 la .banque avaient aussi manifesté une honorable ' indignation de ce que des fraudes, qu'ils condamI nent sans réserve, étaient représentées comme justifiées par la pratique journalière de leurs négocia' tions. Le public entier s'était ému en voyant proclaI mer des théories subversives de tous les principes de ' moralité et de bonne foi sur lesquels repose la sécurité des transactions ; des théories dont l'exposition systématique ne tend à rien moins qu'à encourager pour l'avenir, en les déclarant licites, des manoeuvres et des procédés qui ont déjà produit laruine d'un grand nombre de citoyens. — Le Gouvernement, par son intervention, montre, d'une manière éclatante, qu'il n'adhère point à ces doctrines erronées et funestes, puisqu'il en demande le redressement ; et la Cour de cassation ne voudra certainement pas les sanctionner et en assumer ainsi la responsabilité. ce J'ai voulu transcrire en tête de ce réquisitoire, pour en faire la base du,pourvoi, la lettre même du ministre, ou plutôt ce mémoire si vertueusement inspiré et marqué au coin d'une logique vigoureuse dans laquelle on reconnaît facilement sa touche personnelle.—Le ministre part d'un principe incontestable lorsqu'il dit qu'à la Cour de cassation appartient essentiellement le droit de comparer les faits reconnus constants avec: les caractères légaux du délit, pour.en déduire la conséquence que la loi a élé violée,,si, en.eûet, la décision attaquée a refusé d'appliquer cette loi a des faits lévidemment passibles de son application.—Il faitremarquer ensuite, avec non moins de raison, que tous les faits précédemment reconnus et constatés par les .premiers juges, ne sont nullement contredits par l'arrêt d'appel. Les actes écrits, les-statuts, les circulaires, les ventes réelles ou fictives, les marchés de Pâmpelune et autres, visés et discutés dans .l'arrêt comme dans le jugement, n'ont changé ni dans leur texte ni dans leur caractère. Seulement ils ont été diversement appréciés. « Les premiers juges ont trouvé dans ces faits et dans ces actes les éléments d'un délit qu'ils ont puni de cinq années d'emprisonnement ; la Cour d'appel, au contraire, n'a vu dans les: mêmes actes, dans les mêmes faits, rien que de parfaitement licite, et elle a pleinement acquitté le prévenu.—Le bénéfice de cet acquittement appartient désormais à Mirés; sa personne n'est plus, en péril ; c'est dans ce cas surtout qu'on peut invoquer l'adage : ci Lus arrêis « sont bons pour ceux qui les obtiennent. » Cela est incontestable en fait,—Mais, en droit, si, dans celte JURISBB.UBENGË JTSAISÇAISE. même décision,.les<principes; onlf.été méconnus.; si défausses,' de dangereuses-théories ont pris la place, de maximes-salutaires, protectrices de l'ordre public et des transactions privées; si,-en un mot, la loi a été violée, l'arrêt doit être cassé, dans l'intérêt de la loi, —-C'est ce que le procureur général demande à la Cour, en se conformant à l'ordre du ministre de la justice. «' Trois moyens de cassation se présentent à l'appui du pourvoi : Ie Violation de l'art. 405, Cod. pén., sur l'escroquerie i—2° Violation de l'art. 408, sur l'abus de confiance;—3° Violation de l'art. 10, § 2, delà loi du 17 juill. 1856, qui défend de distribuer des dividendes fictifs appuyés sur des inventaires frauduleux; et de l'art. 13, § 3, de la même loi, sur la responsabilité des administrateurs par la négligence ou la connivence desquels ces répartitions ont été autorisées. a g i«.—Violation de l'art. 405. sur l'escroquerie. — Cet article est ainsi conçu.,.. —Dans l'espèce, le fait reproché à Mirés était précisément d-'avoir escroqué une partie de la fortune de ses clients, en appliquant à son profit personnel uneportion du prix provenant de la vente réelle de leurs titres, pour y substituer un prix, inférieur qu'il rattachai! à une vente fictive. La différence eutre ces deux ventes constituait la somme escroquée.—C'est là un fait matériel. -ce Les manoeuvres frauduleuses consistent : 1° dans l'envoi périodique des comptes courants dans lesquels la Caisse des chemins de fer.portait à l'actif des clients les coupous de leurs litres, et les,entretenait par là dans l'idée que ces titres existaient toujours duos la Caisse, même à une époque où ces-ti* très élaieut déjà vendus; 2" dans la circulaire lancée après la vente réelle des titres, et qui, laissant ignorer Gelte vente aux propriétaires, avait pour but de les effrayer sur les effets de la baisse éventuelle de cestitres présentée comme imminente.. «"Cette circulaire (pièce essentielle au procès) était ainsi conçue : ce Monsieur, dans les circon« 'stances actuelles, et en présence d'événements qui «•peuvent s'aggraver, il nous a paru.prudent, poulie nous'comme-pour lesintérêls'que nousreprésen«Jtônsy>4e vendre'à la Bourse de-ce jour les va<i leurs dont le bordereau est ci-contre. ■—>Dahs>la a prévision d'unebaisse générale plus forte, veuil« lëz>.nous-adresser, l'autorisation de reprendre ces ce valeurs uu. mieux de vosintérêts..-Vous-,pouvez ce'dompter que nous nous préoccuperons.de., votre ce situation; et que, nous mettrons nos soins à saisir ee le moment opportun oùvous pourrez rentrer dans d,tes-valeurs avec séturitéiet avantage, etc..» : *■ Or, dans cette circulaire tout est mensonge et tromperie; 1e L'assëitiUn-: ce Nous venons de ven? uidreà:la Bourse-de ce jour* estmensongère, car. la vente réelle avait eu lieu antérieurement; et Mirés, dessaisi des titres et nanti, dm prix, à l'époque de celte ventp, ne pouvaitpluslesvendreune secondefois.à urje date postérieure.-*^ 0 Le.bordereau.de la vente prétendue faite, était.aussi un mensonge; il avait pour but de faire, accepter.aux propriétaires des tii tresivnchiffre inférieur à'celui de .la, vente réelle, donti,Mirés.entendait retenir par-devers lui la plus-, value.—3'L'allégationqu'on avait vendu à la Bourse de. ce-jour dans la prévision d'une baisse plus for le constitue la craintes chimérique dont parle l'art» 405i.En effet, la vente réelle,, consommée, antérieurement au cours d'alors, avait,,dès. cette époque, constitué pour les propriétaires des titres un droit acquis au-prix de celte vente, qui, à leur égard,, ne. pouvait plus varier* et les avait mis par conséquent à l'abri des effets de toute baisse ultérieure, «-.A 0. La demande .d'une autorisation d&racheter .ccsimêmes valeurs à un prix plus bas n'était qu^un moyen indirect d'amener les, clients à,ratifier le passé; car, en autorisant à. racheter au mieux de-leurs intérêts, cela eût impliqué de leur part,une approbation de la vente dont le bordereau leur était envoyé.et décharge implicite pour les faits restés inconnus aux clients.—Il y a-donc eu dans tout cela un jeu joué eu vue de s'approprier la différence eutre la vente réelle qui s'était élevée (par exemple) à dix millions qu'on dissimulait, et,la vente fictive qui, suivant le bordereau joint à la circulaire, n'en présentait que six. — Le jugement dont était appel avait donc eu raison de voir là une escroquerie. réalisée à, l'aide de manoeuvres frauduleuses, et d'y appliquer les peines portées par l'art. 405, Cod. pén.—Et l'arrêt de Douai, au contraire, a violé cet article en refusant de l'appliquer aux mêmes faits. « Les efforts proligieux tentés par les nombreux considérants de l'arrêt ne peuvent servir à pallier celte violation.—Là se placent toutes les théories de. l'arrêt sur les comptes courants, sur les exécutions avec ou sans avertissement, sur. l.'usage qu'on prétend être pratiqué sur les banques et.les établissements publics de crédit.—Rien de tout cela ne supporte un sérieux,examen. , " ce Oui, lu Caisse était constituée dépositaire des. titres; elle l'était d'après l'art, h de ses statuts; elle l'était d'après le texte formel des récépissés. Elle était dès lors obligée de les conserver et de les rén-, dre à toute réquisition aux propriétaires qui lui pré-T senteraient ces mêmes récépissés, en la remboursant des prêts et de.ses avances,,si elle, en,avait,fait.. —. L'absence des numéros, dans la. case .destinée à les recevoir pouvait-bien, laisser, par lé fait, la faeditéde disposer des titres avec l'espoir deles remplacer* mais le seul pouvoir de .faire une chose ne suffit.-pas pour donner le droit de la faire.,"Or, ce droit, Mirès. ne l'-avait pas; les-déposants ne le lui avaient.pag conféré. — Cela deviendra plus évident encore,,]^ nous yreviendrons en traitant le second moyen."-^-7 Quant à présent, allons plus loin, entrons dans le' système de l'arrêt, c'est-à-dire dans le* système .de Mirés,-et-suppospns'pour un,instant .qu'il"n'a pas" entendu se constituer dépositaire d'un corps certain" et-n'a-pas cru, qu'il serait obligé, de ,1e. représenter identiquement,Admettons, que.-.le seul,' fait deiîabspuisa.de ouméros,aura été p.ourluii'équivalentd.'qn, bon de. circulation ou.dlune .procuration expresse^, qu'en,un mpt,,.,il aura pu.,s^..croire.mandataire ,'dps' propriétaires des titres,à,,lui;r,emis,.a'v^,jaculié dé les vendre, quand il voudrait, sauta, en .représenter* de. semblables -dont les .numéros seuls eussent" élé. différents..Eh bien, .c'est ce qu'il'n'a pas fait.' Il, lés" a,vendus,,mais il ne les a, pas remplacés..-,Il n.'a"paV offert de les;rendre, mais il a. entrepris'.de se. UbêreîÇ par un procédé de liquidation ,qui, dans,-ses ;niainsV est devenu, unanpy8n,.,d'escrqqu,érie.^En,effé't, .dans l'hypothèse ffiéme prpspp.l.ée,-pai-,ft^ès,.s'Ji;àvaitlyûuÇu, procéder ioyalement.ll aurait a.ye,iUlses,clieni^y,iLie^ aurait mis. en.demeure.de venir. i;eprèndr,e.;leuMlUitres on remboursant.préalablement ce.qu'^ls 'deÀfàiejit, à,|a Caisse, et en.fes prévenant que|.fa^te;;pa'r,,euji;' de ce faire,, on vendrait, pour,leur compte,et ^tput risque,, les titres remis, en naptissement.de garantie^ —Au lieu de cela, .Mirés, n'écrit, à;sps 'cj,i,ënts*ç[g.vaprès l'événement ;,sa,pir,cu.laire.u'est pas un,avertissement, de ce qu'il va.faire, mais une,lettre:de part dé ce qu'il a fait; il ne, U*urlaisseras,,le.-mpy.en. bpSoiléiipo^^iiÂnrêtinu', ?i;:j?,nv., ,1,853,. ^un^ crim., p. 65.) — Ajoutez eneoç<?;d'aut<rès,arrê!,s:dcs. lSjuiB'/i"W8»^Bl^|n,i.*^';-^4 jocf,,;l,854,.P'ull. n.3,QftfetJ7;seKt..-l^5,,B^II;.fl„i3.1ft, -i;,; ,„.-,„„,,„ .ts^aiCpur-1d^û^,i)^i,s'est:.bip))1efforpée1dp.dpn,pe!i. Wï,'M?.HflfePPirs 9U3l'iipaiJPiiv?fm-de:lpHr .epfpverteff.r-lic>u:aclÈrp,i,d)5}jçtife,ux;; f»m.iPW^fif.tm,imfi! £mhieçe&;m<ff{i{t,-y,mr HvPW^ails, .cqmm.énW,?! l>ÏPPS.Jd,4mQHlr^plflp(jiii;Ut,iréHnissent,tpBfi!j^ i!?t^èjîes,cp.ns^u«fsidss.manaaiy,rçs fr^up>Ueu^ç8 jet; de, J'e6croqueriçKJ.i>4éç(ar^tipfJ-dq.^a,i.G,Ptu:,sur, rqji-, I , sei,p,e.,,()'^ntpp|ipn Jrapdpl.eu^;, en,.çontradicilon.fic1 gr.ajHp-.ayee, les ,Caitg. Qux7mep1.es,. ne.. peutupas-ph^ I ^ttWriiSPS i» P et. fluo cette df5çiaration. n'a,San,vé l'ur;rêj dela.Çpiif; dq„PjpfH«[S!.,pasijé par/la COUÏ, le 7 jma>. 4ftÉj7Kjl.doft.Étre;çaR!îé.„.-ï .iu-jï!-, --.I -.n,.;, ., ! ; ..ce. g;,2; -;Frq(rifip)i,rf<3.-,(>).^. 408,'Wf) ledélit d'abus dç.'çontfajiciiirLè,dé(it,dat>.us4e confiance est ,qua'lllié çt;pupi •nar^'.a.rt.. 4Q8. ,Cpd. ,pén., dont; Je pairagr'aphe-.l.'-T ,:pdrte ,ce, qi»i.siiit.,,.,t,,T-T! G'ut-, drlielcj is'a,pplhinb/i|,deu^,l<ji(ije|s,disti|iqls Ji;lf.au détourne. Inigqjl.flij'.ifirçs.fçfnis par. desclienls, àqui aucune îavp.pGej.n'.éla'it.^aile;,,^ 0 ,ai',x obligations-du «hemin 'de.fer.de, Pampelûpp,-,".,. ,.,,.;,, , ;-,:. .,,.,-: ■•■ ■■. ..»l,ei slajuts.de la sqciété'des chemins de fer, tit. I2',.lart,--'4I, § 5^ipettaient an:iiombre des. opéru lions ide.çplle^pciiflé,;, « Le^ayancesen compte courant ou ; ce,suc, dépôt de garantie, et,de-,uantissementi 11 — 1 Ce sla.l.utii'en.'lu pu))jic élait.une.règle'pourlles.particuliers,qui seprésentei-a'ieut à la .caisse et y dé1 poseraient leurs litres, soit pour en faire toucher les coupons aux .échéances, spit pour, emprunter'des ' spinuiés, dont ces ,titres,.devieudi;a,ientJp.garantie 1 De' 3011, côté, le. gérant.étant.le pouvoir exécutif des Isia/uts, .spsppératipns. ont,dû être, conformes à,leur ■d'isposi.tion,rL:Ët, de.fait, en recourant aux.récépissés imprimés (tonnés, aux clients, on lil,: ce Société gênéIrale, des,cjjpmins.dp,fer,,Reçu deM. *** »;(suit J'é!ripi)ce,du,lilre',retuis ù la Caisse).; et au bas.on trouve la pjenjj.bn suivante;: 5 Le retrait des litres^ ci-des■ a"sus ne pourra être effectué que contre' lu remise ' a,(le, ce.reçu. (Jûm.ent., signé pçurdijchiirge. par le li«,.luja(re._ s-, .,:,. -,,,;...,,,,,.-,Î'.-, ,..-, >.-M:.,-.■ ■ i,ee .Le, retrait des titres.; JI..fallait donc les garder, . pour .pouvoir; les rendre.—1 Vainement Tarrêt répon'l IpbùiMiles (en prenant le motif dansson mémoire), ■cenu( ne, peptêlre dépositaire malgré, lui. »—-,;.Celu est vrai; mais alors ne recevez pas les titres, ne vou* ',en çhai:gçz,pps-, n)annoncpz pas au public.que ous ;pi;(^i,dr.c.z. ces titres en flépôl, de garantie ou..en nautissepient ; n'en,donpez pas un reçu.,;.ne vous: obligez ..pas,.à je;?,rendre,—Mirés, gérant, de'lfl société, .n.e^-qulipas, el^edépositaire.mulgié'luii—li Iaut,(dit ; l'arrêt) l^ .réiinion' des,deux. ,voloutéK,-,du, .déposant eijdu,déppsî,tair,e.—iÇsla cst.vrai de tpuslescontrats; 'J}>ia.rym,.vel,lplurmm,,in. idempk'çitum çonfwws, iEhbipp l,si.ce.p'est pas pn dépol. ce sera,doncuno iv^iite,t,uu',traqspprl dp,propriété? Él-dans ce.eas, il sera ençpre,plus,vrai,de.diro,,que nul, ne, peut être ,dépo,u.il!é (|e.sa;pi;ppriélé,m;ilgré,lui,^uj ce qui rcvientjauniêmé) safls.spiiconsfintçmenU—Or, si Mii 'tes. nr.élênci,.que,lp rpmis.c.ijes-tUres à.sa.-CuisSe n?. ;1'à.iPà^PPPSf4né.,dpposàtaire,:cqmmenlt.prouvera'tril quîit, a,,été ,co.nslîtu,é;, propriélair-e.?, ,Ge, n'est pas-ap•nwsmmenti.ù ijtre|,de'.doq. S'il..,préU'nd!,q»e,c'està tti,Ùp. dp,;Yenle,-,on. aura, droit, dq' lui,demander, à iqu.pl. p^is ? .N.u.lfp,stipulation ù, cet égard. Loiu'de 1 là,,,1e prflpriéia.ire des, litres:se..réserv.e.de. les retirer en rappqrlafil le.reçu.que. la Caisse lui,a donné: ;dppq.i|p^ytendu pnrpste.r,pr.opiiiétuir.e. s;..-,. : .,.« Mais,,jpi;.,vient' spiplaeer...l'allégation de l'-art-êl, ; qqc les récépissés dotipés.par les employés,,de Milè>, i,1)ï'flB"Ç!ief,U;-,pas les numéros des titres,; .d'ofi 1 il' !suil,,rtop,jpmrs.6e|on,,,l'arrêt, que Mirés.ne «o.coiiBif jdérjjit.à,,,bifln dire qpe (ooinme débiteur d'un titre ; dp ftnfiine.,, gçn<ré •,, « que, cette «irconstanco excluait ! cc,f)iov,t„naniisscmei)tr,«tq,q'il.n;y,,a pas,c«,abus de , «,;cpqfiip[çe.da.ns,(a.,vente-qu,',ila,.faïte.-de1ces,ti|reB. » I -3î> PftW.fieux sqfiii„dn,dC'ppsi>n,t leurs Ulres ou.quel1 W-Dtmps-Wïfh ouf, reçu desjavauçf.'s„de.la Caisse, Qj)i^oflçojf),(iue,cellQ,.tiaià5P„es^ devenue .créancière dqiiqpnlant dc,pe§,^vapqeii;iO)i .conçoit, également qu'à défaut de remboursement ,de-ces, avances, elle I' ait pu s'en prendrc.au gage déposé à tilrc de garau JURISPRUDENCE FRANÇAISE. lie;, et'lê'fàirp'Vendre âprès'ÀVeriisSemént'p'r'éaidyie et nise:qn!demeure de'payer sous pci'n'èd'eirécuiiôiiy ilin (l'appliquer.lé-produit dé la Velité'àl'eJItirtctîïih de la fleltei Celait le cas prévu-pallës'slatàls. —' Mais pour les clients auxquels la Caisse n'a fait àùe:u»e,' avance, dont par conséquent elle n'était pas créancière, envers lesquels''au 'cçnirairc 'elle était elétputrice des titres qui lui' avaienfélié confiés, el débitrice du montant des coupons y attachés,'.elle a dû,garder ces titres 'potir les rendre' 'aux "propriétoircsjà toute réquisition, sur. la représentation'de leùc:récépissé.—' Lors donc que plusieurs d'entre eux qui se trouvaient dans ce cas ont éii effet Té-;' clamê-lëurs litres, et qu'ils-ne se sont plus trouvés dans.iles mains (lu-caissier, il est manifeste qu'à leur égard il y a eu. obus de confiance dans la vente que Mirés eft avait faite, à leur préjudice et à Son profit, cl,dans'le défaut-de-'-représentation'de titrés de' mêmepature, puisque, même dans son système, telle aurait, été son obligation;. ■ .,. ,t Vainement l'arrêt entreprend d'éxcùspr le fait de Mirésen-disalH que ses liquidateurs "ont désiritë-, ressélea clients non débiteurs dont les titres avaient 1 été par lui vendus. Celle restitution prouve que les déposants avaient en effet conservé lé droit de' les. réclamer ;mais celterestifuiion ainsi opéréê'tà'r-■livcmfinl par tés liquidateurs, bonne''pou> éteindre l'action .civile, n'avait pas la puissance'd'arrêter, l'action publique alors intentée. L'art; '4,' Cod. iiist; 1 (■rimiyest formel à Cet égard.''' ■"'■'' ' '■'' ',' « '.L'allégation que Mlles avait' en 6aisse"dë'qii'oi répondre est encore moins admissible ; car,avec' ce système, tout riche pourrait dire : a J'ai àsSe'z de « fortune pour vous rendre ce que je vous ai pris; de' o ,qrioi vous plaignez-vous?» " ''-■■' io^Quant àuimoyen tiré parl'arrêt de l'iisage prétendu -pratiqua par les autres établissements de cré-' c/t*;*--l.I',Cet usagpj s'il, existait, Serait Un abus, qui, s'il était dénoncé; entraînerait pourrcs' établissements, les'.lnêmes conséquences que pour-Mires.—2° Mais cet usagem'éxiste plis; Les-chrfs' dè'bànqtiëlcS plusr lio'upila'bk's!ontirëppijssiï'cèltë aNé'gatîon, quMls'poù^' vuiont'dfaposer à 'leor'grê'dé tout litre déposé à leur caiise, «ans le consentement exprèsni mise--en demeure préalable-du propriétaire', par cela seul qu'il, soraitau'porteur, él'Sahs quele récépissé portât'die numéros. «Si: je procédais -ainsi,' disait l'un'd'eux, ce. je* île serais pas'un-banqiiier,"je serais'uff vPléur. ï — Cio'est là surloutreè qui>'a:ëffrayé le'public,;> quand uVâ-vu que, dtn*s' un'arrêt; ott'érigeaif'ëiï doctrine commerciale qud,'tûrsqiii'oft avaitdéposé' dés-'valeurs au porteur chez Sonbuliijuiér'pour rêpbri1 drp de<ses avances, il' pouvait,': par t'élà's'eUlqùe ieà" titres'seraient au porteûr,-eh drrspbser -it-sfrii ' bon-: plaisirjl'osveiidre à sori'tïëure 1, à sà'guiie, s'anémise' enidemeijré.préaluhle,^:l'satif à'ëii cdnipîer plus tard; à tel'jour-dé baisse ■quHiiùiplairaii'de -Choisir pour saiiqn4daliOii.—Mn, éela'H'a-Jamais été'h! .véritàL' ble en droit rti'pl-atiqnéieii 1 fiiit'paT'aîicUn'élàbllS^' sèhwril de crédit'iicéla'surtout n'avàii jamais été déclift'é'valahlë'paT-un arrêt-Uoïil' rinuioritcVsi on' lé: laisébit subsister; 1 présenterait Pë fuît comme liëîté' eti<comme pouvaiit êWe' prqiiqûéeii'toufe'séi'ùrite; —H''est:vrui'deitfirb, au"Coniraîre, que'mêmè-dans leicaSPù lc"dépÔt'tfe'titrëS!a eu' pour but de servir 1 de garantie à-uo piêt"rétli:làniàiSPn quîa'faît'deS avanceS'ne pe'uti'dfSpôfe'r'tlu'gage^n'àuta'nt'qtie le déposant a été lîiîs'prèalablteirient'ën 'dëméuTe! de rembourser, Pu b'ièïi s'il d rëlhîs'à' l'avàndej-pbu'r éfi user au 'besoin» urie' prOcuratièii'biV'du'lbdii'dë'cir* culation attestant sa volonté de mettre les titreS'U.éi' posés à la disposition du créancier. " ' "'"' « Mais si cela se pratique ainsi pour les dépôts à'çédi*j)agné's''(i'iiii'prêt'-'êïfcclrf,' S'plû'sj'forte raison dint-jon dire quëi' lorsqu'aUcùnë'àvàncii''de fonds n'a' eu heusù,r les fîtréS'.dèeidsés/tïeri n'autorisait' lë"dêpôsitànrè :à le$;K'ëridré' au."piJéjtfcïiéé,''dà dëptisirnï;' Vàinehiénl 'Mirès.'a'' irh'à'giHé pBiVr''cetttf' si'tàatrph là qùàlificatiô'n'-'d.c',çoni/)'tél c6u'r]ant 'â'iïùènièl DàiiS'ce ca'sY attendez'donc'lqii(i!'-l,évéiidm'érit se; spîf réalisé par lin prêt ' effectif.' 'Assurément on'peut bien par précaution exiger à I-'avahceu'n'çhypàthbquéè'tpren1-' dre inscription pour'sùrëfé d'un prêt'éventuel ;''m'àïs jàmàîi orî n'a vu' lé porteur 'd'un'tèl 'tilije! se croire en droit d'exproprier celui qui'l'àvait 'çdlise'ntïj t'aht! qu'il ne lui avait rien prêté. '•■•"•• , ••'. y :' '«'La, vente des'tîties opéréë'par Mirës'aài^s de telles circonstances a donc bien êvi'deinmêri'tcoin* stitué un abus dé confiance de sa-.part;"Et le refus fait.par la Cotir dp Douai d'attribuer.à ces faits, reconnus par elle, le caractère de dêlîtj'.a'.constitué. une violation de" l'art. 408, Cod. pén. ; '-' a Quant aux obligations du chemin; dé fer de Pàmpélùhè, nous en referons simplement S la lettre du,ministre,' qui" établit péremptoirement, à notre avis, -l'abus' de confiance pratiqué envers les 'souscripteurs qui entendaient-recevoir des't jtrcs primitifs, et auxquels, "au lieu des titres émanés dé la' .compagnie qui les "émettait",, on n'a remis qu'un' engagement personnel de Mirés délivrer quand hou'. .lui semblerait des' titres' de seconde main, achetés. en'baisse,' quan'd il "pourrait s'en procurer.—L'allé 1" galion de l'arrôf que -Mirés''était assez ' riche pour remplir cette prôniéssb'ne détruit pas le fait qu'il ne l'a pas remplie,"Le refus fait 1 par la Cour de Douai" dé reconnaître' qu'un ter procédé tombait sous le coup dë-l'art. 408, Cod. ce La lettre de M. le garde des sceaux montre le danger d'une pareille doctrine, et tout ce qu'elle a d'inconciliable ayec le but que s'est proposé la loi de 1856, ,dont elle constitue une violation.—Nous nous eu, référons à ïà lettre sur ce point, ainsi que sur les justes critiques qu'elle renferme quant aux exercices subséquents.—Nous insisterons seulement sur cette allégation de l'arrêt : ce Qu'au surplus tous les in« ventaires et la manière dqnt ils ont été dressés, ci,ont, été.approuvés et ratifiés par les assemblées ce; générales des actionnaires...» — S'il suffisait d'alléguer, un pareil motif, ,toules lès prévisions de la lôi'iie.1856 seraient renversées. Eu cÎTet, l'assemblée générale entend les .comptes et les propositions du gérant, niais elle ne jugp que surle rapport, du.conseil dé surveillance. ,X'art. 8 de la loi est formel à c,ef égard. ,11, est ràinsi,. conçu : o Les .membres du i'conseil de'j.surveillance vérifient lés livres, la * caisse, le portefeuille el les valeurs de la Société, a, Ils.font,chaque année un, rapport à l'assemblée .'ci'générale sur lès .inventaires ctsur.Içs propositions o dp'dividendes faites'par,le gérant. » ,— Ainsi,.le cpflspif'iS'e'surv.èiUancp,est l*argiis. de.la Société; il est chargé .de voir pour elle ce que lés '.actionnaires n'e'„sbnt' .point àptés à, voir par eu^niêmés. — Ils en, fpnf rapport" à l'assé'mbl,ëe, générale.' — Mais,'si leur ràppprt'lest.,,inpxàct, s'il y'a eu négligence de.ieur, pari,'' slils ip'j^t. Pjis, vérïï^éii. s'îljs. ont induïl,. l'as'sem, b|ee.g|qéj,e|iélen, ,'ègffljj:, à,.qii,o j'jp'eu t leur ..servir' 1 a prtteridué"iaMcafi,qn.;de~cgtte assemblée?. Sera-,t-U pprnusflde transporter. sur.e]Ie.,une>responsabiutp.que là'lbi^igè'e'nejaiï'àvëc raison peser'que sur jes, membresjdu.cpnseil.de surveillance.?—Éii! si,,.paripï iè|^émbr(ëSj^é'ce c.on'sal, jl en est un dont là cpn-! ^^;^)^l^^ppi.y^}^ii^è'')i^y]l^i^'^^, sjgkpri'ijaassén,t*'àinsî sp'r' ,son j compte :'_ ce Attendu .«t.qu'e^a.qplité d,e/pyj2sidènt,'H «''tration,' 1ë'."cômte,pi,méon, à.e.tè initié a toutes',i,és*. «^•àffai.rejs spçjàléf,',.el:, qû'jl en,.à.'connu,'.'.le ,inauvais(' o"ëfàt; que,' s'il â."pû,^gnprer(la.dissi'mu!al'jpn des' ir.perles,p,ommïs.es..'eri ~l§fip[ et 185,8', il é<st .constant «s/jti'^à,j.^n^'ja,<r^ii^u)^iQp/j^e'/^;.6ÔQ£O0O tr. cff!pp^mî.séfi,n 1,859, él ^giiy.1,,?, jsu,' par ta'yé'rificalpn, <i;de^myentaiije',^ Mn-. «.'tenait ^m^^iù/^jp^jjs^^i^cfiifyif^ a.'.l.â «;'Çt)cjé|éV qu°n itrom]p«£.SÙr Te. jéritpble,,étâ.t;dès °-$M?».e^r<'w'i'^ i Tait. lairè illusion sur le crédit et la fortune q'unV a, Seciélé^qjui^ne ije 'spulénéii.'t.'.'^.ii^à ,'f âi4c'dWpé-' j.diçntsîqu'ij^aJ«npo'résix;'pXr' Iâ.yérjfi'iatipn. de î,crt:iny£qij)irje et desluîyentàires,ânïé'riëursj'qd'il'' & <9'?.?v^ anÇVP,^Ilwcei réenemcnt.'acqui's,'.ét'qjié «.'jUendëji'non] justifiés, par, iin,r inventaire .sïncère ,c£ «'; Jéçulfer» •i'efdejplus,,'s,'il est'âllégué par îfàccusalipn.et'npn djënié.n.i,réfutéjiàr,l'arrêt,'qu'en jàïïférèntésocça'sions,','cecfte^,«Iti.^ôfljutê'4êBflrvçiliaiicëà : j-eçu pour en user | ainsi des .gratifications extraordinaires, 1 soit'en actions, .s'oit en 'espèces, soit en , frais d^anib'àss'adè, soit eu emprunts léonins par lui faits ^iir la caisse qu'il,devait surveiller; préténdrat-pïi encore qu'une assemblée^ fascinée par ,lè rapport de ce président, et tenue dans l'ignorance de tous ces faits, a pu implicitement, par ses délibérations, approuver, ratifier, couvrir toutes ces énormités?—Assurément non.—Disons donc qu'en présence de tels faits dûment constatés, que l'arrêt de Douai ne réfute, pas, mais qu'il couvre seulement du manteau des délibérations de l'assemblée générale, il est évident qu'on né pouvait pas distribuer de dividendes, sans violer, en ce qui touche le gérant, la disposition de l'art. 10, § 2, de la loi du 17 juill. 1856, combiné avec l'art. 405, Cod. pén.; et, en ce qui touche le président du conseil, la disposition non moins formelle de l'art. 13, § 3, de la même loi, en ce qui concerne la responsabilité civile. « Aux divers reproches articulés sur l'inexactitude des inventaires et les valeurs soustraites à la caisse, j'ajouterai un fait qui est devenu patent devant la Cour de Douai, et que cette Cour devait relever. A l'audience du 9 avril, M. le procureur général Pinard venait de' prononcer celte phrase : ce Les acce lions ont produit quinze millions à Mirés. Il a fait ce un prélèvement occulte de cinq millions qui disee paraissent de la caisse sociale...»—Mirés l'interrompit* vivement en disant : ce Si la Cour le" veut, ce je'tfiVàt'ri qui j'ai donné ces cinq millions; je les ce ai donnés, je, l'affirme, je dirai tes noms. » — Comment ces cinq millions ont il pu disparaître de la,caisse sociale par le fait de Mirés, sans que les registres et les inventaires en aient fait mention? Dira-ton encore qu'une sommé aussi forte, distraite de la caisse sociale, ne devait pas influer d'autant sur le chiffrè.des dividendes ?—Esl-ce que le conseil de 1 surveillance, s'il eût fait son devoir, ne devait pas se' faire",rendre compte de l'emploi de cette somiçeP-^Poiir éloigner de sa personne le reproche de s'être approprié ces cinq mil ions, Mirés dit 'H la justice ; « Je, les ai donnés, je dirai à qui, je dirai II.JCS noms. »" —A'vàit-il donc, comme gérant, le droit défaire des donations de cette importance?... —f Le ,deyoir dé la Cour de , Douai" était d'éciàircir c^jfajts^'ét'^US/aùra-t-il donc suffi 'dé dire que tout avait 'été co'uvèrt'par la délibération d'une assemblée à'q^ïçès faitsjii on^pas'même' été"révélés? ' , cl' Tels' sontlés griéféque le pourvoi élèv"e au nom d'é'la lO), contre l'arrêt'de Douai ; il a pour but d'ëffac'er'dès fastes judiciaires des doctrines qui ont alâiiffié tous les genii de liièn,. éveillé les sliscèplîbilités'.dé to'ûïeS lè's'consciènces droites, et* fuît désirer d^toutës'part'S'q'uè'Ià'Cour'décassation 'rétablitles . véritables principes 1 dans l'intérêt de là morale et de la iloi.'"'"'"' ''' '. ' ' ' -' e^.:' :, . ■ 'i ,.'' • ,-, p -, .r. ■ ,,f.Dans ces circonstances, et.par ces" considérations.A., nous requérons pour l'Empereur qu'il pjaise à,,laiCour passer,et,'annu|er,.dans .l'intérêt de. la loi, rarrêt de.la^bur impériale de Douai (cliambte des [ appels, correctionnels.), du 2,1 avr. 1,861. , ,. ,. „,,fc,|.£e procureu,r.,général, signé ; TJUPIN.,»! ' M-.rl'e conseiller Faustin Hélie, chargé du rapport' de l'affaire, en a d'abord rappelé les i phases, diverses et a donné lecture du réqui?s;itoiré',^eJi réqui?s;itoiré',^eJi ainsi'que de la lettre,qu'il :contïértty'^uis'il à continué en ces termes : , j '.a ...yousconnaissez maintenant les trois moyens |sjir lesqùe'ls se fonde le pourvoi..— Avant de commep.cérja'disçiission commep.cérja'disçiission ces.mpyens, if est nécessaire I, d'écarter' une première difficulté, que la lecture de l'arrêt attaque vous a déjà, fait pressentir el qui pro JURISPRUDENCE "FRANÇAISE. vient de sa forme même. Les déclarations de fait qu'il renferme permettent-elles à la Cour, qui n'est juge que du droit, d'asseoir sa décision sur une base certaine ?—Les arrêts des Cours impériales, en matière correctionnelle, doivent contenir deux éléments : la constatation des faits incriminés, et l'appréciation du caractère légal de ces faits. La constatation des faits est souveraine; les déclarations relatives à leur existence ainsi qu'aux preuves admises ou rejetées sont à l'abri de tout recours; elles constituent la vérité judiciaire. La Cour de cassation ne connaît pas du bien ou du mal jugé ; elle ne forme point un troisième degré de juridiction. Mais l'appréciation du caractère légal des faits lui appartient, car elle est chargée de rechercher si les juges ont contrevenu ù la loi. Le rapport des faits, tels qu'ils sont constatés par les arrêts, avec la loi, est une question de droit qui relève de votre juridiction. Que si l'erreur des juges se trouve dans la constatation même de cesfaits, s'ils écartent une circonstance qui est prouvée, ou en admettent une qui ne l'est pas, il n'y a rien à dire; ils rendent souverainement la justice. Mais si cette erreur consiste à qualifier délit un fait qui n'eu a pas les caractères, ou à refuser cette qualification à un fait qui eu renferme les éléments, comment échapperait-elle à la censure de la Cour? — De là l'obligation impérieuse imposée aux Cours impériales d'énoncer et de constater dans leurs arrêts les faits qu'ils apprécient et sur lesquels ils prononcent ; car, s'ils ne contiennent pas cet exposé, comment la Cour pourra-t-elle exercer son contiôle? Comment pourra-t elle examiner si l'application qu'ils ont faite de la loi aux faits incriminés est régulière ? — Cette règle a été particulièrement appliquée à la matière de l'escroquerie et de l'abus de confiance, parce que les caractères variés de ces fraudes exigent une surveillance plus attentive de votre part. Je ne citerai qu'un anêt, qui casse pour défaut de motifs une décision rendue en matière d'escroquerie, qui s'était bornée à apprécier les faits sans les énoncer. Votre arrêt porte ce que les Cours jugeant correctionnellece ment sont investies des attributions départies, « dans les matières de grand criminel, aux juges de o la Cour d'assises et aux jurés; qu'elles ont à proa noncer sur le fait et sur l'application de la loi ; ce qu'elles ne peuvent remplir ces obligations et celle o de motiver leurs décisions, qui leur est imposée « par la loi, qu'autant qu'après avoir déclaré leur o conviction relativement à la preuve des faits qui ce ont été l'objet de la poursuite, elles font au réce sultat ainsi déclaré de leur conviction le rappro« chement et l'application des dispositions pénales; ce que la Cour de cassation, chargée de réprimer les « violations de lois , a nécessairement qualité pour « juger la qualification donnée aux faits reconnus ; o que le jugement de cetle qualification est insépaee rable de celui de l'application de la loi; qu'il faut « donc que ces faits reconnus, les faits qui servent o de base à la décision attaquée, soient déclarés dans « les arrêts, afin que la Cour de cassation, qui n'a « point à les rechercher ni à en vérifier la vérité, ce puisse au moins en déterminer les caractères et la « moralité daus leur rapport avec la loi pénale » (Cass., 6 juin 1840, au rapport de M. Romiguières. [1]) « L'arrêt attaqué a-t-il rempli cette obligation, at il suffisamment exposé les faits qu'il a appréciés ? Il est évident que, sous ce rapport, il contient une grave omission. Tandis que les premiers juges avaient amplement examiné et constaté les faits qu'ils tenaient pour constants, l'arrêt qui infirme leur jugement i apprécie les mêmes faits, mais sans les reprendre cl les énoncer de nouveau. — Vous avez vu que M. le garde des sceaux, préoccupé de cette rédaction vicieuse, en a fait, eiî quelque sorte en passant, un moyen subsidiaire de cassation : o Dans tous les cas, ce a-t-il dit, si le mutisme de l'arrêt ne laissait pas subie sister l'exposé de faits des premiers juges, ses lacu« nés constitueraient une absence de motifs sur une « partie de la prévention et seraient à cet égard une ce violation des règles que la Cour de cassation a louée jours maintenues avec une inflexible rigueur. » ce Votre jurisprudence ne laisse aucun doute sur ce point. t L'arrêt que j'ai cité tout à l'heure, parce qu'il a été le monument le plus remarquable d'une jurisprudence qui n'a jamais fléchi, avait été également rendu dans une espèce où le tribunal avait longuement motivé sa décision, exposé et énuméré les faits qui lui avaient paru présenter tous les caractères constitutifs de l'escroquerie ; et le juge supérieur, sans s'expliquer sur les faits constatés en première instance, pour les contredire ou pour les admettre, et, sans les rappeler, avait infirmé le jugement, ce atce tendu que s'il résultait des dive: ses circonstances de ce la cause que la conduite du prévenu n'était pas ce exempte de tout reproche, néanmoins les faits iinee pûtes ne présentaient pas tous les caractères du ce délit. » Vous avez déclaré, en cassant cette décision ce qu'une rédaction si vague, qui ne fait con« naître ni les diverses circonstances ni les faits ini(t) ini(t) Pat., t. 2 1841, p. 652. «08 .MlfWFtâ SfrMbNfouvji ,«?ptt^ .PP'ita isç L,à ;, Ja,;pqu,r, d,e,-, easstyipn,,,ftucun. -«timayeilwlejfieiJfy^qr.jifi.GpUe,, anp|tfqi,ali]oi'.I,qqi ,est «i;aans,soi>.drojj< pL;,dins,ftpiiide.v,9ii,-,;,qu'âle II'R,^-, <[,rwtila-/iueàiFai4P'd<$,,fai!s^ or:par-les^,Ri-epiier^:jugesj.,l.,ppj.squ,é,,,lé^r|j(ig,en^ «bétantiïivfirmé^ji^estincertains'il,l'a él'é.iïpùïpprcé «i,qu'en--iidfi)ettaqt:ie.s,f]iêmes ityi^^e'. irjb,unal!supé<i.irifiur..aurait.,penséi,qu]ilslàq.rÈà^ept pié m?l qj^aliSLfife,!OM,ipaTce;,qpeirins,truçtion' èn,caiisè Rappel or.issia'urail.-nipa'iiiésy-al^ dahsil'espè'pe apioejle.vcéîte mcp,f,litu(l.çixi'.ê^.s,te çps; ibest.hejrs.,dèidou,le;qpe, l'arrêt ;a .àdmi^leSj.jr^ârpes faits,-,pjijsqujij, les,a, examjnés .sarçis 'l'es rnodifiçr. ni les'çpplr.edirp^.qu'iil.Ie^ ^.'.ajlqp'té^.en, s'y,!i;éfej;aiit dans ispa. appréçialipp..,'On',;pourrai f' donc,' en, s'app.uyia.ii.tdSP.r.çfit arr(5t,ni,ê'mevdistfngpeii ,lês e'ÇÇel'sr,dg l.'i!i(j,rma,tiqn.pt |es.;resfre,ipdre,'o,np'qurrajl.a'dmèUre q.ueisi.l'arr#f.ne,ceinijepti.paiu,t,| d'exposé' de ,fuj(s, p'es,t parce, qu'il t&'psl,',^ premiers jUgfiSj:.^ qij'RinJftijnfeffift^^Jugénieqt'qu'én .çë qui..concerne ileuj-.appréciatiph de ,cé?.,,01?fé,. à,laquelle il;a.subj,titué lu sie,iine,,—'Jjïais,' àlprs.m'ême', au.,s»rpl,us,.qpe I'infirmalion vous^ Semblerait entière et,n'aurait,, laissé .si'bsjstpr., àpcunë partie ,du. juge-; ment,, ivous trouveriez;., encore,-, tqùoiquë sa lis uou (e avec.jpl.us'dè' d/lEçiijté,, d'ans,, ijqrrêt.'mèpie, ,dés., éléments. ,s»ffisanls, de vôtre "décision,; car] s'il n'a,'pas rappeiéfle's faits et's'il 'v'n,é^s'.,à,pjas' cpijstaf.es, ij'lef.a, pqHrJa.tp.lnparit^p,',mq'ins',,"l,eqppcés,flour jl.es^a'p.préçier»,retiïes-a,-ipçp.si,dérés, dé,s lp^s.,fïpm^é a'pquis. à'I'a cau^ej ét.çpninie qoi)?t^n'^.'ijpr,1pe^,l|^^où| spn(7ïls mentionnés, si,,,Çon-.fàita^^^ QanftiJjRr^gq^p^'idu/jqgft,^ èitatipn;!;qqeyyplis,f,rquvpr,ez ,,aù,.je^os<jiè!i> —:r.,Çelle. première ~4i$çull£,a.insj;aj>lqni^ peut l'iêlTe>tout.,à,(ait^ çassaWn)qùi;,yjOps,§b,ii,l.p"i;6p,ps,és. ",',,'...,. .,,,. ".. .. ,.,ec .Lew.einfyi m'oypn ^sL.ljoii.dp.^'qrila .violation flj; l'arti ^0^,P,...gén.ir^,cçij^u'ii|n'ifijir'a!iL^a!; ét^ appliqués à.des,,faits qui préspp l'aient 'tpùs tés, pàracièrçs du, :ilé|it: d'p'sçi-.oqj'èrie.", p.'Ù^ivti'^.i/Î^a^pà^i4an,tGe iprèmi.ei},c(ièf,de,prévention'?:.comm|ènçèpur ^jijirj.jdons.d^niptifs {p,nguem'eui,,(lèvelppi;és',..'que' ,le;gér^tnitideIJ,à,^ai'^se dpsjchem'ms'.dë .fer1,' ^ pp.iiva'itj <i id jsposeii, de^, titrég. '4épjop'és,,satiX'^ en ;,rémelfr'e,'dé ,«. senj|ij'abi(i",;à sçs;,plïeu'fs, ,1e, .j(S,ur,,6u. ceux-ci'jirpfj'jicj.-jdraji^tleiir'flqm^ sceaux,'p nepsjè q(J,e;cv^st"pre"içtïei:s,çonçilJé)çait!Is", applicables a'iijî 4l,éljls.,dfa,bûs de;çpii^aqce^In;pS'aiéq't',q"ù.'une',.rél'à.tion 'irèmïf?4fSfs'fe^v^c'-iç délit, ^^c^'p'quën^'quï'pouvarit existeriqu'ejLqujtf f$tJe,droit dii^géranl.sur.jles^tifi-es d«pp'ks„raIf,npiis.p9lraî.t, arçpjÉj'riïrâjVf,:.çjuçi ppiiii;^*;^f^sjiT^^^^^lijlf .fi^r ^^r]t^m]t^,^le.s qiiijppu,vepi. lp..J5'pn*stitijerj fj'est ^n^i^én^aljjg'djç'çjjfi'i ^Sfr^i'ïiWflf^P^^i^rJWf JÇfvi'f^r'of t (àuèf le; g^'a^l Pfefgajt. Sjj.r,,les jtitres.^dqni Jl, a.^ï^pqsé^fVfpus, su]?vrqaji dpno". immé^jaje'm'ent.jarrét' s,ur: le; terrain' 'où liî^fÎTia'a^rr^^R^ï-îgfnnèff'^-dd se^.cop^iUéraiiU' :" -«.-iSlfttuafltWl feSM:Uft-PF^ïPP.Upg.i-eïÈjlJ f, ji"nx tqiTeë ^tipj&à. la, bourse ,d^ *rfekilÇspe/g*S&^ .HendftqHGrmclffip^fl;W -s<$>rçent,que,c^ M^e.'"!^?.:".^^^^ .<cJ,|attjajs^1nu.n3jéfps.j, que qes, d^rmers, ouvraient oJéj^aJ^nJ^Q^e^ obligations'et jjuels droits raisdll' elle naître, soit poug^^^uji^^jS^^o^r^^Çs^je? , lifsçmeqt,. ^.ux'léî-m^.'ài'W'r^ïOY-l', Cqd. Nap., aï ; «..u^pil^pr, J-enJet une chnsé à son créancier pour sû. «, rj?,i$ ilp'sja' dètl.b. f 'Qr,' râ'rt.'.i'çles s'uitiitstl/e la Caisse ' (le's chëinins;de'flér 'pprip. V que 'lë's'.ppé'r.a'libn^de' (:i a'p^çjélé p.rijt pourobjet :'..'.5°' les avances èlt.'conipte ce. co.uxa.pl pu sur dejiôt de garanties lét de ,'nàîitjssc-, « ffiènf.'» Lés emprunteurs, en'i'emet'tàn't'ii'la''Caisse leurs .titrés, comme .couvert,ure dès avances qui'leur établit, faites, ,'eiàiént donc' fondés à Croire qu llslcs i-ejne^tàiiint' à titre dé nantissement, puisque,c'était li l'ri^edps opérations'pour, lesquelles ,1a GaiSsé était cons.tîl^ée.—,Çélle o'pînion?''si.èlleé(ait ei'rpiiée,',étàil.elle rp.drèss'éei'pàr lés récépissés qu'ils.'recevaient' de i.i Caisse? L'arrêt'dé'cia're ce que ces'récépissés "un coih ce,tenant aucune..description d,çs litres déposés e-i«e^clu'a'iéqt tout nantissement.,'»' VouSiéxàii^ipèrcz ces actes,,dont,.plusieurs sont joints aux pièces; ils se bprnciil'.,à (lo'nnér reeju'des titres déposés. Seiileménl, OÙifit, au, bas là rible suivante. ; ' ce Le retrait clos ce titres ;cj-déssus,,iié pourra être effectué que Poulie ej,la,,révisé de.c'é reçu, dumenl'sigiié pour décjtargç ec^pa^lei'tjtulaire, n.Et'l*qn„''pourra'it"pcut7ê'lre îil— duire.de cet avis' que le,déposant demeure titulaire (les"litres" d'éposés,' et'que', "puisqu'il peut eh opérer le reliait,à "sp,volonté;, çès litres, .doivent' donc ré.-ter à sa,disposition..'—Maïs!la colonne alïccteè'à l>i dêsignaiioii des" titrés ppièt, 'd'iiidjqùer les ïi'urei'érp 7, ei ne,les 'désigiigjquepar leur nombre et leur j'iàtui-é. On lit,, sur ce point .'particulier, dans l'arrêt ; ce Àl«ftqndii,, en ce*qui 'concerné^ l'ii'uention de Miles, à,|qpètes,récépissés, doriiiés parles employés'n'énonce .çàient ,p;as les numéros des 'litres! et qu'on y iisait p .seulement : 7îeflH,''p,a'r exemple, dix-Mobilier, dU aTforçl,"sans'les.,spécifier ni lès décrire' individuelce,.lem,èi;f ; que ces récépissés contenaient iinè o(ej Ipiiiie',distincte, intitulée Désignation, et qu'on'n') ce. mëii}ic|nn'ait jamais que. le genre et le" nombre de-, ce. titres', çé.qui.^xcl'ut'i'a',,possibilité d'une,négligence o,',ou ,d,'unjèu,bli!. quj. n'aurait pii d'ailleurs se,'re;proa.'d'ii.ir.è iriyâ^-iablèmènif dp'ns" 'les récépissé's"pèiidàiit /iljiui^aps,., » El,l'arrêt ajoùt,e ;''«t qùç c'est, p'récii sè,ment,;'daps. lésêiioûcjalions de celte,colonne que o",se" jréybi.éiit.,' fa, ,'nàtiire, <^t,la,' portée .de,'.l'obligation o'qu'èplëpilàït cdiitràptei; Mirés. »—Oïi îi'à, pus prétendu qûè'tel,!e n'<Jt'àil pas.eiielîi,'t,"i'inlentio.n'du, yér ça'nt :,',qii,n',a"pas dit qu'il n'eût pas 'la,ppiis'éè de se rés.ërvë.r'Tà,'facilité! (le'disposer dés titres, ppiiipeser sur ïjes'i'ço.urs.'jét fucniiçr| jes^péçuljiliohs à la 'bourSe. îlîa.is étailTcpla seule pensée dont les juges devaient se pré'ocçqpéV?,.t'6ûr"établir le caractère d'une çoiiveulioiv'.'^eqù^ii.'faùt réchërcfier! c'est'la corîiniune. iuïehfipn,'''deS .parties. coûtrapiâplés, l'inleutioh' "'ppa-: rent^] ét'ayp'uéé,'céilè,lquï..d,étëViriiiie lu convehliui?, èj'non celle' qiii, fràuduleûsçmcnt'çàch'ée ail fond.dé la' .pensée (le l'uni; des parlïjj's,' demandé à celle ço.nvéftliqn uii' bénéfice illicite '.et' 'qu*èilë n'àvoue'pas. Or "d'pu yipii't'ijfu'àucujie'.lslipulatip'ii' lie, don'pail.' à. la Caisse le'di-pifd'ë 'disposer"des lil'rc^s-fvinis entre srs màins'î'D'où viedt que ià.corrMpoiidaiice dè'là |Ç:u;s.: avec, ces clients supposaYt''la!|ga,yd^,'des]l'il'res; ,pnî■>qu'pllè les créditait des'.'epupous 'é'clius!' el qu'elle iè'ur' a'njjôiî^it/par.çxémplë', ^ils.avfijent, (Imposé' d-.s ôp'li'gàt'ioiisj'qU'aûciin 'dé "leuf'S numéros ii'élai^, s,(,:'li Idrsqù/ila procédé au règlement dfes'cdmples, a cru duvoir-operer-une-vente-fiolivedes-litres ■?N'eal-ce pas pour couvrir, la yeptejm'jl .en^ay.ait faitp yi}i' rieurement et (fii il avait cijjée aux 'litt|làirés^AhiSi, lorsqu'on examine alleiifiv"emeiit;lëV pii'cioiistalqçes de celte remise de titrês','f!'pb'iieltipu.ye l'i'çii'lqu,!,révèle l'idée commune et fôhvÊu^'aTàvàiié'èd'aUri JUrfffltôMt *fâS#ttSE. 80i> bieer' é% &MVà$ïmMMWmMks:, rie l^me/ide pliis on M'ijs'çeifé idei?', ê'iét. t{W,'ïï&î(i celle $yWb$^^ là', baisse .devenait 'cmp^'u'h'tpdr,'!d:é éjéi! titres ,et"fei exposait, daos'scs 1 spéçjijatipqs'.aé bfceùrib.lé's' parties c'ôn'jsén'liijérit'à accepter, p^urçèide garantie (jès à'yâricc^ limitées aii tiers ou à la moitié de leurValeur. Ôp doit 'donc croire que ces parties lés'rèmèllaiërit, ilo.ii pour'en faire un prêl! mais comme un nantissement''des avances qu'elles' recevaient. Or comme fe'nàiilissemènt, en conférant aii. créancier ld'droit dp se fjirc payer sur la chose engagée', ne lui permet 'pas! même à défaut dé .paiement, suivant lès'tëriiics,(l'è' l'art. 207S, Cod. Nap.', de disposer de celte chose, on a'été fondé à reconnaître ici' leScâract'èrés de ce contrat. ,. , , , ' o ftlàis une grave objection se présente. '— Les art. 2074^ èl 2075 déclarent que le privilège que confère li: gage'n'a lieu qu'autant qu'il y à uii acte public ou sous seiiig privé dûment enregistré';' et lu chambre Civile, par deux arrêts des'l7 niai 1847 (1) et 19 juin i8't)b'(2), a décidé'que ces formalités s'appliquent à là matière commerciale aussi bien qu'à la' matière cîyjlp',-1—^11. est vrai qu'à 1 celte solution, qui est intervenue'au niilieu d'une controverse qu'elle n'a pas terminée, "on, pourraït opposer plusieurs arrêts de la chambre dès requêtes (àrrêls dés 18 juill. 18'48 (3), el 23 janv. 1860 (4), et l'opinion dejù'riscoiïsultes émj'nènts: M. Troplong, du Nantissement, pi"' 115 et suiv.; MM. Délamarre et Le Poitvirii t. 2, n"' 396 et suiv. Mais on doit ici l'accepter comme' une' règle!'puisque d'ailleurs elle est présentée comniéune exception de la défense, et reconnaître que le nauiissem'enl, n'ayant point été soumis aux formés prescrites, par la loi civile, était irregulier. — Mais quel doit'être l'effet,de cette irrégularité? c'est que, visà-vis des tiers, lé nantissement, ne justifiant pas de sa-preuve légale, n'existe pas ; c'est qu'il lie peut leur être opposé. C'était là précisément l'espèce des deux arrêts dés 17 mai 1847 et 19 juin 1860 : des tiers rey'dndiqu'aieut des actions au porteur remises en naniissrment à des maisons de banque; et comme ces màisdns ne justifiaient pas d'un acte enregistré, il a êle d^ci'd'é qu'elles n'avaient aucun privilège sur ces actiop's.l'Mais de là suit-il que les parties puissent invpqiier elles mêmes une nullité qu'elles auraient voT fôîifaircment'commise, pour se soustraire à leurs engagements ? N'ést-il' pas évident que,.la formalité des art.' 2074'fet 2075 n'ayant'été établie' que dans l'inlerçt des tiers, 'il' n'appàrliëril'qu'à 'ceux-ci de "se plaindre de leur inobservation? Et, en eilef, tinarrêt de la'chambre des'requêtes, du 31'mai 1836 (5); ûu' rapport de M. Lasugni,' décide qu'entre les parties fâ Wêu"vède l'existence du contrat dé gagé peut'se fa'ii-'e!j'à^dé'faul d'àcle écrit, 'par.leur correspondance ci par Cous l'es actes! émanés d'elles, et, par exemple, i^'un'arrêt peut,valablement déclarer qu'un èijguSJ'nVèqt è'ulr'e'commerçants', dont la îiâturë. est'contestée, é'st'dn niintiWèriiè,nt,Jen''la'isaiit 'résulter cette dî-çisSïon^Ies'B iuits,'actesélcirçonslûncês »' qui l'ont [ijécédé!! accompagné bu suivi. ' ' ,'. '',,. .^«•Lâ jdourj'uilrà'donc à apprécier, si,!d'après,.|a't,pncur jttu'réçé'piss'é', d'après les circonstances qui l'ont siVivr p'Câûi sôHt'i;clàlées'!daos" ï*àï;'i.-êt.,' 'd'après ,surIbttnfe'tej-mife 7lp là" lëtli-é-cii'culu'j'ré.'suiiaqyellp fù us'rèvieii.drpiîsV.'t'élliii'f'êtiiisë'dè litre constituait un M t., 1, ,, t.l|,,M! ) -, "I J,i-.lU-.r.,Jl,-l .'.. "I, r. ■ U, I...,,.".,:! ' ri'àhrïSseiïéÀt''(fujôf'iit':r(Pgérànt,le'dréitd'eh disposer. ""ce 'L'uifêï'dttlipë, 1' giir dénie,'l'ëxist.ënPèi'du'nantie sé'm'erir! explique !lés-'relations-icies'parties'ë'njdéèla* ftiiÀ 'quelles' éla iè'n'f é'n 'corn pie fcôwrâ rirê Oiï y 'I i 11 ic< que cV'c'ëtteapprèciatipnéSf confirhiëe "par le-Compte'couce ràiit 1 ouvert entrerMirés et ses 'clients! "à ' dàler'jde o'ses avariées et de là reitii^è des'litres ;qbë-le-compte ce' courant, constituant' 1 deux '■ négociants' réspectivece ment créancier et débiléiir l'tlrt'de'l'autré' par'iun « échange continu de titres et de valeurs;'revêt^par ci' là continuité, même dé ses opérations,'de l'avis des ce auteurs comme de' celui dés'màgistrats,le'caraco tèrë d'Un véritable centrât; qu'il n'est donc-pas ce un simple cadre' dé'conhptabililé; quelorsque les «"opérations de même riathreinterviennënl entre.un ce banquier et un simple particulier;-elles entraînent ee les mêmes relations et font naître le-même conee'trat. n'—On ne peut'nicr que lecomple courant rie soit ie résultat ou l'expression d'un contrat ; quel est ce contrat? La-loi commerciale ne l'a point défini; et les définitions diverses qui ont été successivement proposées par Merlin'('Rép., -v" Compte courant), Pardessus (Droit <:ojhmi,ii°'475):, Délamarre et Le Poilvih (Contre'de cômm.; t. 2;'n"'495)iet par Mi Massé (Sirey! 1839,1^'pàrt., p. 25,8), ont été critiquées commëincomplèles'et-inèxàc'ies.'G'est que ce compte échappe peut-être, p&r là multiplicité des transactions qu'il peut renfermer, à une explication générale el précise. SI lé compte'courant constituëun contrat, il sérail dillicile'de lé'considérer comme un contrat particulier, ayant dés. réglés propres applicables à toutes les situations qu'il' conslalé;''àrtbules les négociations qu'il contient;' Il pént'se'combinel-i en effet, "tantôt avec le prêt,' tantôt avec lemandat et la commission, 1 tantôt aVec'lâ "verité,;'à,vëc toutesles trarisactionscommérciales; C'est Souscerapport qù'oii a pu dire avec raison qu'on doit'le'considérer comme tin cadre où viennent' figurer et se balancer les résultats des négociations dé deux" personnes, leurs créances réciproques, leurs-comptés: successifs; lies conventions diverses qui y "sont portées n'abdiquent point leur caractère ; elles Gonseivent'le droit d'invoquer les règles spéciales qui s'appliquent à chacune d'elles. te Mais admettons avec l'arrêt qu'en vertu du contrat de compte courant, le gérant ait eu le droit de disposer des titres qui lui,étaient, remis : est-ce que du moins le prix de la réalisation n'entrait pas immédiatement dans ce compte ? Si, en effet, ces titres entraient en toute propriété duos les mains du gérant, comme le prétend l'arrêt, s'il pouvait, du moment de la tradition, en disposer comme de sa chose, ne devait-il pas tenir compte' de leur valeur, soit au jour de la remise; soit au jour où il en avait disposé ? — Un.auteur dont nous apprécions le solide esprit, M..Massé, enseigne que : «, Le compte courant est, ce dans les usages de commerce, une sorte,de contrat « de prêt, réciproque que deux correspondants conce viennent de se.faire. » Or, si nous acceptons cette définition, qui n'a que le défaut d'être trop restrictive., on doit en induire cette conséquence que les règles du prêt de consommation doivent s'appliquer ici; el vous.savez que l'une de ces règles est que le remboursement, lorsqu'il n'a pas été autrement convenu , se fait, suivant l'art. 1903, o au prix du «temps et du lieu où l'emprunt a été fait. » Nous pourrions citer les cas les plus divers,, que rapportent les jurisconsultes, où celte règle a élé appliquée;,sauf le cas où la valeur des monnaies subit une altération, elle n'admet aucune autre exception que celles que les parties ont elles-mêmes consenties : c'est, la valeur au moment du prêt dont il doit êlre tenu compte; toute autre estimation n'aurait.aucuce base. Et ii n'en saurait être autrement à l'égard du prêt en compte courant, si l'on considère qu'il est de l'essence de ce compte de faire dépendre de la volonté d?une seule des parties l'interruption des opérations, dé sorte, que le client, livré à la discrétion du banquier, verrait.vendre ses titres,dans un moment de hausse, et régler son compte dans un moment où la baisse aurait permis de les racheter à-vil prix. — Suivant d'autres auteurs qui ont une juste autorité, MM. Délamarre et Le Poitvin,. on pourrait.considérer la négociation dont nous cherchons à fixer le caractère, comme une espèce de dépôt, qu'ils appellent, irrégulier-, parce-qu'il autorise le dépositaire à vendre iniividuoles espèces déposées, et par conséquent à en disposer. Mais si nous suivons les règles de. <e Nous pouvons apprécier maintenant les faits retenus par l'arrêt, et rechercher s'ils ont les caractères du délit, d'escroquerie. — L'arrêt pprle « que ce si les 30 avr., 2 et 3 mai 1859, Mirés a vendu fictice vement à la Bourse les titres des 333 clients dont « s'agit... » (V. suprà, p. 794, la suite de cet alinéa de l'arrêt de la Cour de Douai).— Les mêmes faits sont constatés par les premiers juges... (V. le jugement, suprà, p. 342, à son premier paragraphe). —Quels sont les éléments du délit d'escroquerie ? Il résulte de l'art. 405, Cod. pén., que trois faits distincts sont nécessaires pour le constituer : l'emploi de manoeuvres frauduleuses, la remise des valeurs obtenue à l'aide de ces manoeuvres, le détournement des choses ainsi remises qui consomme l'escroquerie. « Les manoeuvres sont les moyens employés pour surprendre la confiance des tiers; cette expression suppose une certaine combinaison de faits, une machination préparée avec plus ou moins d'adresse, une ruse ourdie avec plus ou moins d'art. Il faut, en outre, dans l'espèce, pour l'application de la loi, que les manoeuvres frauduleuses aient eu pour but de faire naître la crainte d'un accident ou de tout autre événement chimérique. — Reprenons les faits. Ne faut-il pas considérer comme des manoeuvres le fait des ventes fictives et le fait d'avoir annoncé comme vraie celte opération mensongère? Le bordereau de ces ventes, envoyé aux clients, n'avail-il pas pour.objet de leur faire croire que les titres étaieut restés jusque-là dans les mains de la Caisse et qu'ils avaient été réellement vendus aux cours indiqués? Ces manoeuvres n'étaient-elles pas frauduleuses lorsqu'elles simulaient des actes qui n'avaieut.point existé et voilaienL l'existence des actes réels ? Mais lors même que ces premiers faits auraient le caractère de manoeuvres frauduleuses, ont-elles eu pour but,, comme l'exige la loi, de faire naître l'espérance ou la crainte d'un événement chimérique? La lettre-circulaire, vous le savez, portait que te dans les circonstances actuelles et en prête sence d'événements qui peuvent s'aggraver, il avait te paru prudent de vendre à la bourse de ce jour les « valeurs remises par les clients. » La lettre ajoutait que « dans la prévision d'une baisse générale plus ce forte, on demandait l'autorisation de reprendre ce ces valeurs au mieux de leurs intérêts. » Vous apprécierez si cette circulaire, adressée à. tous les déposants, aurait eu un double objet : d'une part, de faire naître la crainte d'une baisse continue, et par là de pousser les correspondants à la ratification de cetle exécution,;, d'une autre part, de faire naître l'espoir d'un rachat des titres à bas prix, ce qui pouvait encore les confirmer dans cette disposition ?—L'arrêt objecte que la crainte ne pouvait êlre chimérique, puisque la lettre portait la dale des 30 avril, 2 et 3 mai, et que la baisse avait continué jusqu'au 7 mai. Mais n'était-elle pas chimérique vis-à-vis des titulaires, puisque leurs titres, précédemment, vendus, ne pouvaient subir une dépréciation de la baisse actuelle, puisqu'on leur faisait craindre une perte qui ne pouvait les atteindre ?. 8-H «'•liquider Sans Têtard, "'puisqû'feh 'vértutlu Compteee'éouÂrit 1, et il 'défaut de' stipulation d'échéance' «"fixe, les parties contractantes pouvaient liquider à «' îèiir' Volonté, s II est donc déclaré qUele gérant' s'était proposé, te en exécutant ses clients au cours «'du jour, » de régler'son compte 'avec eux, c'està-dire, de se faire remettre, soit les fonds qui pouvaient faire le solde de ce compte, soit la décharge et l'approbation du règlement. «Enfin, le gérant a-t-il par ces moyens, et c'est là ce qui consomme le délit, détourné tout ou partie de la fortune d'aulrui ? C'est ici qu'il est nécessaire de se rendre compte du droit qu'il exerçait. Avait-il reçu les valeurs à litre de nantissement ? Nous avons vu qu'aux termes de la loi, il n'avait pu en disposer ; dès : lors, en en disposant, comme le reconnaît formellement l'arrêt, il les avait vendues indûment, et devait évidemment compte de la somme qu'il avait touchée. Les'avait-il reçues en compte courant ? Dans ce cas, &s'titres lui auraient été remis comme des choses fongibles, comme des valeurs au comptant, comme dès billets de banque, et il en devait compte encore, ainsi que nous l'avons établi, au cours du jour où ils'lui avait élé remis ou tout au moins où il en avait disposé. Par conséquent, la vente fictive en baisse avait pour résultat de le faire bénéficier de la différence du prix enlre le cours de la vente réelle et le cours de cette vente fictive. Vous apprécierez si c'est là un délournement de nature à consommer l'escroquerie. ce On pourrait élever ici une objection. Supposons que le gérant, au lieu de disposer indûment des titres qui lui avaient été remis, les eût conservés, et que, par la même exécution, qui seulement eût été réelle au lieu d'être mensongère, il les eût vendus au cours du 30 avril ; le résultat pour les clients serait le même, et cependant où serait le délit ? — On peut répondre que ce n'est pas le préjudice seul, mais aussi la moralité du fait, qui constitue le délit ; que ce qu'on nomme dans le commerce une exécution, c'est-à-dire la vente arbitraire d'une chose engagée, est presque toujours l'abus d'un droit, quand elle n'est pas un abus de confiance, mais ne devient un délit d'escroquerie que lorsque, précédée de manoeuvres illicites, elle procure nn profit illicite. La vente du 30 avril, si elle avait été sérieuse, aurait sans doute produit lés mêmes lésions, mais elle n'aurait pas servi à masquer'une première vente faite à de hauts cours; elle n'aurait pas eu pour effet de faire profiter la Caisse de la différence du taux de la vente réelle au taux de la vente fictive. '-«Nous venons, pour apprécier si le délit existe, de rechercher dans les faits de la cause ses éléments matériels. Mais, quels que soient ces faits, s'ils ont été commis saris intention coupable, la criminalité étant effacée, le délit disparaît à la fois. J'aborde ici l'uii des points les plus délicats de celte affaire. — S'il a 'été déclaré en termes absolus que les faits incriminés ont été commis Sans aucune intention crïhiirielle, cette déclaration, quelque erronée que Soit la' qualification de ces faits, la protège contre 'ùn'ecassation-; car qu'importe que le caractère reconnu de Ces faits ne soit pas leur caractère légal, si, purs de toute intention de nuire, ils n'entraînent contre leur auteur-aucune responsabilité pénale ? l; « Vous avez reconnu « que les Cours impériales % sont investies du droit d'apprécier Souverainement « et sans contrôle les circonstances qui peuvent dë:!i jrYoùiller les faits imputés de 'tout caractère de cri'V'nânalité, et qu'en fait de crime ou de délit, il n'y '^'a'-pas de criminalité possible là où le fait toaté'» riël-poursuivi est dépouillé de toute intention de « nuire. V'(Cass.-20 déc. 1844 (1), au-rapport de M. Romiguièresi'18 juin 1852, à notre rapport 12]). — Cependant, vous avez en .même temps admis que la' dénégation de l'intention par les juges du fait-ne paralyse pas votre contrôle dans deux cas : 1° lorsque cette dénégation est en opposition flagrante avec les faits constatés par l'arrêt ; 2° lorsqu'elle est la conséquence ou l'application d'une erreur de droit. Dans le premier cas, une contradiction évidente ne peut servir de base à nn jugement; dans le second, votre droit d'apprécier te point de droit n'étant pas douteux, vous remontez nécessairement à l'intention dès qu'elle s'identifie avec le droit.—Vous avez consacré par vos arrêts cette double restriction... » te En ce qui concerne l'absence d'intention déduile d'une, erreur de droit, vous n'avez point hésité à l'apprécier, notamment, dans une espèce où la Cour impériale avait déclaré que le prévenu, qui s'était approprié des billets de banque qu'il avait trouvés, avait agi sans intention frauduleuse, parce qu'ignorant quel était le propriétaire de ces billets, on ne pouvait pas dire qu'il y eût chez lui, à ce moment, une intention de se les approprier au préjudice de telle ou telle personne. Vous avez-cassé, -par arrêt du 7 sept. 1855 (3), an rapport de M. 81:2 .jidMftNî^ :^W-'ÇAI|Ai|>. vre pas même-les,contraventions puremeqt m^lé: ' riellus, .comment! pourrait-elle protéger deS[,,faUsJ moraux qui sqfit réprouvés, pur la, qonscignçe, avants d'êlre'défendus.par' la.loi.?,!Quesi celte déclaration, que le prévena croyait user.d'un droit suffisait poureffacer l'intenlipn criminelle , toutes les fraud.es,.ne se voileraient-elles pas de prélentions.apparentes et de droits imaginaires? La justification ne peut.donc exister que s'il usait réellement de. son droit, et par conséquent l'intention a sa base dans un élément juridique;—Ensuite ne pourrait-on pas relever quelque contradiction entre les faits retenus par l'arrêt ël la déclarationqui écarterintention frauduleuse? Comment expliquer celte opération, fictive de, la,vente et du rachat des titres, qui a trouvé l'intermédiaire complaisant d'un agent de change et d'un tiers acheteur, et vendeur, à la fois ?..Comment expliquer le mensonge qui atteste aux clients une vente sérieuse, et leur fait payer, les frais du bordereau, en écartant toute espèce de fraude ? — L'arrêt déclare ce que le te tort du gérant consiste à avoir voulu s'affranchir, « par la circulaire adressée, à.sesclients, de la mise te en demeurepréalable qui eût permis à. un certain <t nombre d'entre eux de se libérer envers la Caisse, c et de rentrer eu possession de leurs titres ». Mais l'arrêt oublie que. ces litres; n'étaient, plus en la possession du gérant, et que par conséquent la mise eu demeure élaHimposslble,puisqUeles titulaires n'auraient pas-trouvé leurs valeurs.! C'est ainsi que se heurtent l'une auprès de l'autre deux assertions contradictoires. ■<■ Au:reste, si la Cour.se croyait enchaînée par la déclaration qui:écarle l'intention, elle n'approuvera pas sansdoute-les excuses que l'arrêt a déduites, tantôt des: usages-commerciaux, tantôt des pratiques usitées dans les banques, tantôt de la prétendue nécessité où se. trouvait la Caisse d'utiliser les aleurs qui lui avaient élé remises ou de liquider ses compte.; courants. Ou doit penser que de tels usages et de tels.procédés ne sontsuivis dans aucun établissement Commercial. C'est la probité la plus exacte, c'est la loyauté des actes, quifondent.la confiance nécessaire au commerce. Plus il étend et développe «es opérations, plus il acquiert; comme cela a lieu dé,nos jours, une juste.influence dans l'Etat,; et plus il.importe d?affermir celte première base,de sapubsancei Une maison qui risquerait dans lesjeux.de bourse des valeurs quilui auraient,élé momentanément confiées, conserverait-elle sun-crédit?—Mais en admettant même.qu'on pût citer, ce qui n'a pas eu lieu,, quelques uxempks d'un, tel abus, esl-cn -qu'ils-atténuéraiebt-les faits quiles ont-suivis ?.
| 34,506 |
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1205508
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StackExchange
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,015 |
Stack Exchange
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Steven Stadnicki, bjd2385, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/167604, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/785
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English
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Spoken
| 143 | 304 |
More explicitly, what is $\left(p_n\right)_{n\in\mathbb{Z}}$ in this paper's context
I'm reading this paper and on page 3 between just prior to their mentioning of $\left(2\right)$ they state the following:
...if there is a sequence of polynomials
$\left(p_n\right)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ of fixed degree such that...
What do they mean, more explicitly, by this?
Thank you for your time,
It's a sequence of polynomials with fixed degree. For example $p_1=x^3+x$, $p_2=x^3$, $p_3=x^3-x$...
I see, thanks! So it will be an indexed sequence of fixed-degree polynomials?
Yup. Have you seen sequences before?
I have, I'm just getting my bearings on them I suppose. I read about them in a book just yesterday, so I'd consider myself a beginner.
Another (and explicit) example of this would be the sequence ${p_n(x)=x^2-n}$. Another example would be 'the sequences of cubic polynomials whose roots are the $n$th, $(n+1)$st and $(n+2)$nd prime numbers'.
| 17,017 |
https://github.com/mintcherry/diplom/blob/master/database/migrations/Version20171124191559.php
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| null |
diplom
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mintcherry
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PHP
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Code
| 105 | 371 |
<?php
namespace Database\Migrations;
use Doctrine\DBAL\Migrations\AbstractMigration;
use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Schema as Schema;
class Version20171124191559 extends AbstractMigration
{
/**
* @param Schema $schema
*/
public function up(Schema $schema)
{
$this->abortIf($this->connection->getDatabasePlatform()->getName() != 'mysql', 'Migration can only be executed safely on \'mysql\'.');
$this->addSql('ALTER TABLE orders ADD user_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL');
$this->addSql('ALTER TABLE orders ADD CONSTRAINT FK_E52FFDEEA76ED395 FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users (id)');
$this->addSql('CREATE INDEX IDX_E52FFDEEA76ED395 ON orders (user_id)');
}
/**
* @param Schema $schema
*/
public function down(Schema $schema)
{
$this->abortIf($this->connection->getDatabasePlatform()->getName() != 'mysql', 'Migration can only be executed safely on \'mysql\'.');
$this->addSql('ALTER TABLE orders DROP FOREIGN KEY FK_E52FFDEEA76ED395');
$this->addSql('DROP INDEX IDX_E52FFDEEA76ED395 ON orders');
$this->addSql('ALTER TABLE orders DROP user_id');
}
}
| 20,117 |
sn83045462_1946-09-01_1_77_1
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US-PD-Newspapers
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
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None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 260 | 596 |
7 ANO, ALEXANDER, FOR MY^ > , /ANNIVER6ARY PRESENT, J /mamibcwemsaroP6 \r AND A ROCK’ AND l DIRECTIONS TO • V THIS pier. v -- SO COME HERE, Alexander— COME A BUTTLE CLOSER. - ————■Mi.i II raw Ml W ( W6 MUiHT ^ , M .“N ) SELL HIM V I (muttonl J ffeff-sr. jwsi? i hwIS^wip m EUCLID AVENub hasSven ■ i'lIkeep my -mEBLINDBOV/ ■ eyes peeled CONFIDENCE fl P0R NUMBER l4o~ - AND ADVENTURE Bn ANEW- wm HUNDRED BLOCK NOW- AI SSIN^BLAKE KIC^-™5 ¥n T ' I OH“ W POOR. y T| THAT BIO WHITE w i? ^ POSTED A THOUSAND ■ HELPLESS Boy / I HOUSE MUST BE * "PAL I.. DOLLAR REWARD FOR BsOMETHINO DREADFUL! >ouRs-rn TYi^K -7/~3n Any ■ has happened to I fcs&fiisr3-. j inhere _he's -: !jgOB^W^^KHBBM s _ BBIB • 9 Copyright, 1446, by ----_ '// , Now. Syndicate - „ // • “~m~'~~mmmmmm~mmmmmmmmmm~m^~‘ t^VMOMMHOnMOHOwJ _!'" ,’ V. X !£'.£ jf/''-?S^,J',Vr,vT‘ I ■" l ——— _ __ - viusr • then LOOK WHO WALKS IN G—> KENNETH/ MY BOy/ CAV£T BEUEVE IT-, \NE\B BEEN FRANTIC PAD-l M HOME- YOU'RE wufpf PREPOSTEROUS/ THAT TERRIBLE FIRE BACK^1 HAV^VOU C^i-3 AMD THEN YOU WERE MYSELF, TOO- YOU « WAY HOME MISSING, - HOW DID (B^?J l ‘manage ITT. _- f A* 'l .BE'Me^SEENf^W «*, WELL- ER-R- - A LITTLE MAN SHOWED ME THE WAY- B-BUT HE'S. L-eONE NOW - » * ^ k ■ . • ' ~ ' v. •f ■' % „ ■ : ’V : • ' LOOK, PENNY— IT'S TOMORROW ALREADY.
| 3,444 |
US-1460042D-A_1
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USPTO
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Open Government
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Public Domain
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None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 2,279 | 2,710 |
Watee-heatibtg apparatus
June 26, 1923. W. 8. SMITH WATER HEATING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 9, 1923 INVENTOR.
ATTORNEY.
MA M Patented June 26, 1923.
UNITED STATES WALTER S. SMITH, OF FOXBORO, MASSACHUSETTS.
WATER-HEATING APPARATUS.
Application filed February 9, 1923.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, Cir/run S. SMITH, a citizen of the United States, residing at F oxboro, in the county ofNorfolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in .Vater-ltleating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.
The invention to be hereinafter described relates to apparatus for heating water, and more particularly to a simple, cheap and eflicient apparatus for heating the water in. a storage tank by heat taken from a hot water heating system, such, for example, as is usually employed for heating houses.
Such a hot water heating system comprises a heater having a fire-box, and a chamber adapted to receive water which is conducted from the heater through a flow pipe to the radiators, and is conducted from the radiators through a return pipe back to the heater, so that the water is kept in circulation through the heater and the pipes and radiators.
The temperature of the water in the storage tank fluctuates, due to variations in the demand of water therefrom and due to variations in the heating effect of the heater. One of the purposes of the present invention, therefore, is to provide apparatus which will tend to maintain the temperature of the water in the tank withincertain limits. The construction is such that if the temperature of the water in the tank rises higher than the temperature of the water in the return pipe, the latter willtend to lower the tem perature of the water in the tank; and on the other hand, if the temperature of the water in the return pipe is higher'than the temperature of the water in the tank, the return pipe water will tend to raise the temperature of the water in the tank.
WVith the aforesaid and other purposes in view, the character of the invention will be best understood by reference to the following description of embodiments thereof shown in the accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a hot Water heater,a water storage tank, and apparatus for heating the water in the tank embodying the invention, a portion of the shell of the hot water heater being broken away to disclose parts Within the heater;
Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modified form of apparatus embodying the invention; and
the water in said coil.
Serial No. 618,130.
Fig. 3 is a similar view of still another embodiment of the invention.
Referring to the drawing, 1 (Fig. 1) designates a hot water heater provided with the usual ash pit, grate and a fire-box 3. The shell of the heater is made hollow to provide a chamber 5 surrounding the firebox and adapted to receive water.
A flow pipe 7 conducts the hot water from the heater to the usual radiators, and a re turn pipe 9 conducts the water from the radiators back to the heater and communicates with the water chamber 5 adjacent the lower end thereof.
A hot water storage tank or container 11 of usual construction is mounted on a base 13 and has a pipe 15 for conducting cold water to the tank and a pipe 17 for conducting hot water from the tank Y The apparatus for heating the water in the tank, in the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1, comprises a casing 19 which is interposed in the return pipe 9. lVIounted in this casing is a coil 21 of copper or other suitable material. The lower end of this coil is connected to the tank 11 by a pipe 23, and the upper end of the coil is connected .to a pipe 25 which is entered into the combustion chamber of the heater, has a reverse bend and extends outward from the heater to the storage tank. A faucet 27 may be provided in the pipe 23 to enable the water to ,be drawn from the storage tank, coil 21 and ,pipes 23 and 25.
In operation, the hot water circulating .through the return pipe surrounds the coil 21 in the casing 19, and preliminarily heats The water is further heated in passing through the portion of the pipe 25 which is subjected to the heat in the fire-box. This heating of the water in the coil and pipe 25, causes the water to circulate from the lower end of the tank through the pipe 23 up through the coil 21, through the pipe 25, and back to the tank.
For example, if the temperature of the water at the bottom of the tank is 50 F. and the temperature of the water in the return pipe is 120, the temperature of the water on leaving the coil 21 will be raised to about 100, and the temperature of the water after passing through the pipe 25 to the tank, will be raised to about 140.
After the water in the tank has been thus heated for several hours, if no hot water is drawn from the tank, the temperature of the water at the bottom thereof may be about 160. Under these conditions the effect of the return water passing through the casing about the coil is to lower the temperature of the water in the coil. For example, it the temperature oi? the return water remains about 120, the temperature of the water after leaving the coil will be about 140, and the temperature of the water after passing through the pipe 25 to the tank will be about 180. Thus, the construction and arrangement of the apparatus are such that it not only raises the temperature of the water in the tank under certain conditions, but also lowers the temperature of the water in the tank under other conditions. As a consequence, the effect of the apparatus is to tend to keep the temperature of the water in the tank within certain limits, and prevent the water from becoming too hot or too cold.
Under certain conditions the temperature of the water in the storage tank may be higher than the temperature of the water circulating through the chamber of the heater. For example, this condition will exist when the demand for water stored in the tank has been small, and the fire in the fire-box of the water heater has died down to such a point that the temperature of the water in the chamber is lower than the temperature of the water in the tank. As a consequence, the hot water circulating from the tank through the coil and back to the tank, will tend to raise the temperature of the water flowing through the return pipe into the heater chamber.
The embodiment of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 is similar to the embodiment already described, with the exception that instead of interposing the casing 19 directly into the return pipe 9, it is interposed in a bypass pipe 29, which is connected to the return pipe. This arrangement is desirable when the location of the return pipe is such that it would not be convenient to interpose the casing directly therein.
The embodiment shown in Fig. 3 is similar to the embodiments already described, with the exception that the coil containing casing is not interposed in the return pipe, but the upper end of the casing is connected. by a pipe 31 to the water chamber 5, and the lower end of the casing is connected by a. pipe 33 with said water chamber at a point adjacent the bottom of the heater. The construction is such that the water in the lower portion of the chamber 5 may circulate through the pipes 31 and 33 and through the casing to raise or lower the temperature of water-in the coil in a manner similar to that above described.
By my invention, a simple and eflicient apparatus is provided for heating the water in the tank, the prelimina y heating efl'ect being obtained by the hot water returned to the heater, and the further heating effect being obtained as the water passes through the pipe which is subjected to the heat in the firebox. Also, the construction is such that the return water may serve to raise or lower the temperature of the water in. the tank, depending on whether or not the temperature of the water in the tank is lower or higher than the temperature of the return water.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments shown, and that various deviations may be made therefrom without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is 1. The combination of a hot water heater having a fire-box, a water chamber and pipes for conducting water to and from said chamber; a water storage tank, acasing interposed in the pipe for conducting water to the heater chamber, a coil in said casing, a pipe connecting one end of the coil with the tank, and a pipe leading from the opposite end of the coil into the fire-box and thence from the latter to the tank, that the water may circulate from the tank through the coil and the pipes associated therewith, to be preliminarily heated by the water passing through the casing, and further heated by the fire in the fire-box.
2. The combination of a hot water heater having a fire-box, a water chamber and flow and return pipes respectively for conducting water from and to saidchamber; a water storage tank, means for conducting water from the tank into the fire-box and thence back to the tank, and means located between the heater and tank for subjecting the 0011- ducting means to the heat of the water re turned to the heater, the portion of the conducting means in the fire-box being exposed to the direct heat from. the fire therein.
3. The combination of a hot water heater having a fire-box and flow and return pipes; a water storage tank, a casing adapted to receive water circulating through the heater,
a pipe leading from the tank through the easing into the fire-box and thence from the heater back to the tank, for subjecting the water in the pipe to the heat 'of the returned water passing through the casing and to the direct heat of the fire in the fire-box.
4. The combination of a hot water heater having a fire-box, and flow and return pipes adapted respectively to conduct water from the heater to radiators and to return water from the radiators to the heater; a water storage tank, and means for varying the temperature of the water in the tank including water conducting means extending from the lower part of the tank through the path of the returned water and through the I fire-box back to the tank, said water conducting means including a portion exposed to the direct heat of the fire in the fire-box.
5. The combination of a hot water heater having a fire-box, a water chamber and flow and return pipes adapted respectively to conduct Water to and from the water chamher; a water container and means to conduct Water extending from the container through the fire-box back to the container and having a portion in the path of water circulating through the chamber and a por tion exposed to the direct heat of the fire in the fire-box. 6. The combination of a hot water heater having a fire-box, a water chamber and flow and return pipes adapted respectively to conduct water from and to the water chamber; a water storage tank, means for subjecting water flowing from the tank to the direct heat of the fire in the firebox, and means for subjecting water flowing from the tank to the indirect heat of the water flowing through the water chamber and said pipes.
7. The combination ofa. hot water heater having a fire-box and means for conducting water for heating purposes; a water storage tank, and means for conducting water from the storage tank into the fire-box and back to the storage tank that it may be subjected to the direct heat of the fire in the fire-box, said first water conducting means having provision for subjecting the water in the second conducting means indirectly to the heating or cooling effect of the water in the first water conducting means.
8. The combination of a hot water heater having a fire-box and means for conducting water for heating purposes; a waterstorage tank, a pipe for conducting the water from the tank through the fire-box and back to the tank, said pipe being arranged for raising or lowering the temperature of the water in the conducting means, depending on whether the ten'iperature of the water in the tank is higher or lower'than the temperature of the water in the conducting means.
9. The combination oi a hot water heater having a fire-box, a water chamber and fiow and return pipes adapted respectively to conduct water from and to the water chamher; a water storage tank, and means for heating the water in the storage tank from. the direct heat of the fire in the fire-box and having provision for returning heat of the water stored in the tank to the water in said chamber if the temperature of the water in the tank is higher than that of the water in the chamber.
WALTER S. SMITH.
| 16,334 |
sn86072160_1918-12-05_1_6_1
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US-PD-Newspapers
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,918 |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 3,007 | 3,800 |
PAGE SIX OF ARMY PROGRAM BIST AWAIT PEACE PLANS. SAYS WAR SECRETARY IN HIS REPORT Fall of Sedan America's Greatest Contribution to Winning the War; Strik- ing Accomplishments Are Set Forth [By Associated Press] WASHINGTON, Dec. 5.—The question of permanent organization of the army has been deferred for consideration after the close of the peace conference. Secretary Baker, in his annual report made public tonight, says this course is determined upon since “the military needs of the United States cannot be prudently assessed until that conference shall have el determined the future international relations of the world.” For temporary purposes, however, Mr. Baker announces that he will lay or before congress a plan of reorganization for the regular army, “and shall continue as the nucleus of any further military establishment.” The secretary also indicates his intention to press for perpetuation by the strong general staff organization built up during the war. “I have refrained in this report,” Mr. Baker says, “from making specific recommendations for future enlargement of the army.” We have at present a great military which not be immediately dissolved, and the activities of the department for some time at least must be concerned with what . We have, in the second place, the peace conference is about to assemble and the military needs of the United States can not be properly assessed until that conference has determined the future in international relations of the world. The department will present to the Congress a plan for the maintenance of a regular army which shall continue as the nucleus of any future military establishment, pending the time when the experience through which we have gone can be digested and the future needs of the nation maturely considered. “In any case, it is clear that the education of officers and a constant study of the science of warfare will be necessary, and it is my hope that the great military academy at West Point can be supplemented by an enlargement and broadening of the special schools which are at present organized but should be made to take on more the character of postgraduate late courses and to develop and train the Research specialists in the several schools. This subject, however, is one upon which casual comment is not and I refer to it only because it seems the only clear indication from our experience as to our future plans in his brief recital of the events of the war, Mr. Baker selects the battle of the Meuse as “from the viewpoint of military strategy, America’s great greatest contribution to the successful outcome of the war,” since by that attack of the American armies the Seine-Meuse railway, the main artery of the German supply system, was cut. The entire available strength of the American army in the 28 divisions, were in line in the second week of October, he says, making yard by yard progress against enemy resistance which was finally worn out “and on November 1, the American troops broke through.” The object of the drive, the strategic conception of which included the British drive at the northern end of the railway system and the French advance in the center, was accomplished. On November 7 when the Americans entered the outskirts of Sedan to be joined the next day by the French. "The meeting of the French and American troops on this historic ground," Mr. Baker says, "signaled the defeat of the German arms, a defeat as decisive as that forced upon France 47 years ago at the same spot. If there had been questions before to the acceptance of the armistice terms, the Allied advance culminating in the meeting at Sedan left no doubt in the matter." In sketching the building up of the war army, Mr. Baker selects a few striking figures as illustrations of what each step meant and what has been accomplished. On the day the armistice was signed, he declares, "more than 23 percent of the entire male population of the country between the ages of 21 and 31 was in the military service, the army having reached a total of 3,664,000 men, than 2,000,000 of whom were in Europe, as compared with a strength of 189,674 in March, 1917, a week before war was declared. To illustrate the speed of his expansion, the report cites the fact that the British army in France had reached its high mark in the summer of 1917, three years after the beginning of the war, and that figure was “slightly more than 2,000,000 men.” It took 19 months for the United States to reach the same strength there, but Mr. Baker points out that during those years of battle British manpower had been heavily called upon to replace casualties, which for many months the flow of American troops all went to augment on the force being assembled. To some, this was offset by the greater transportation difficulties of the American project. The recapitulating of the total American casualties, 236,108 men as already announced, Mr. Baker said the deaths due to battle alone were 36,000 and that half of the wounded reported “probably suffered, slight injury.” He adds that federal battle fatalities in the war totaled 110,000. Japan lost 59,000 men in the Russo-Japanese war and Germany lost 28,600 in the Franco-Prussian war. Mr. Baker gives much space to the aircraft problem, including the production figures published from time to time in the past. He shows that 3,189 Dehaviland and 101 Handley-Page machines were produced in this country and 1,900 planes had been shipped to France before the armistice was signed. On the other side, 2,676 planes of service types had been provided for the American squadrons. By the French government. On September 30, General Pershing had 32 air squadrons at the front, the first of them to be equipped with American planes having reached the battle areas in July. Air service casualties, the report says, have been higher than in the artillery and infantry and reports to October 24 showed 128 battle fatalities of 224 of accident overseas. A total of 262 men had lost their lives in this service while in training in the United States. The general health of the army has been surprisingly good, the report shows, the death rate for all forces, at home and abroad, up to August 30 having been at the rate of 5.9 per 1,000 per year, or a little more than the civilian rate for men of the same age groups. It compares with a rate of 65 per 1,000 per year during the Civil war and 26 during the Spanish war. Pneumonia caused 56 per cent of the deaths. There were 316,000 cases of influenza among the troops of the United States during the late summer and fall, and of the 20,500 deaths between September 14 and November 8, 1900 are ascribed to the epidemic. Discussing the embarkation service, Mr. Baker says that in 19 months a total of 2,875,834 men and 5,153,000 tons of cargo were shipped overseas, the great bulk of these movements having been handled after January 1 of this year. When hostilities ceased, the service was engaging 3,000,000 deadweight tons of American shipping and 800,000 more tons had been allocated to its use, with a half million tons additional per month being deferred. CHARLES GARLAND Charles Garland, an American millionaire, served with the British cavalry and was honorably discharged. He became a naturalized Britisher and is A candidate for parliament as representative of the discharged soldiers of the Warwick division. This photograph was taken at Mr. Garland's home in Warwick. The first ecclesiastical convocation in America was a synod especially convened to sit in judgment upon the religious views of Mistress Anne Hutchinson, who demanded that the same rights of individual judgment upon religious questions should be accorded to women which union had already secured to men. PATIENTS BRAVE DEATH IN CHEER FOR THE ALLIES Italy Goes on Jamboree When News of Armistice is Received, Writes Nurse at Genova. New of the signing of the armistice by Germany was received in Italy between 1 and 2 o’clock in the morning of November 11 and greeted as much enthusiasm and joy there as it did in Casper or any other city in the good old United States. A rather interesting description of one girl’s experiences as a Red Cross nurse in Italy and a few incidents relative to her work and play are contained in the following letter received yesterday by a reporter on The Tribune staff: American Red Cross, Genova, Italy, November 11, 1918. My Dear M It is ages, I know, since I wrote to you, nevertheless I have thought of you many times and wished you were along with me to enjoy the pleasure, and, yes, even the hardships of the life of a Red Cross nurse in Italy. As you see, I am still in Italy where I have had a wonderful time. I came by way of France last April, landed at Bordeaux, went to Paris where I stayed five days, then traveled to Milan over the Italian Alps. They are so wonderful, so gorgeous, that the scenery took my breath quite away. I shall never again have that wonderful sensation of seeing them for the first time but I shall always have that memory— the impression was lasting. In Milan I stayed ten days, then on to Rome to stay six days. Was busy all the time but I managed to squeeze in a good time occasionally. After Rome, it was Genova and this time it was for five long months but I hated to leave there and wished I could have remained there indefinitely. Two weeks ago last Friday I was called for military duty, went back to Milan for two days, then here. We had to hurry so that the trip was made by auto, bag and baggage. We found two or three of the boys dreadfully sick, one dying the other. Last night, I was here. There were only two nurses so we had to hustle quite a bit. Everybody was busy and as all the army nurses were busy, they called on the Red Cross to help them out. At the request of the colonel here, two nurses were sent, a girl whom I had never known until then, and I. We have seen very little of anybody or anything until yesterday. I have been on night duty and she on days. Yesterday we had a car and visited a place about twenty-seven miles from here, Villafranca, and Verona. Fifteen miles further west. It was a nice trip, needless to say. I did not sleep much yesterday but made up for it today. During the time we have been here that is the first time we have been out. It was a wonderful day, the sun shone, and the roads were fine. We saw many barbed wire entanglements and concealed trenches. Coming home we passed about 1,500 Austrian prisoners who were marching to Verona. They were a sad-looking bunch, very ragged, dirty, and almost shoeless. They all seemed glad to give up, a poor lishenrtened bunch. I heard from C— a short time ago. She is still in France at the base hospital to which she was first assigned and where they have been very busy. I did not see her when I came through, although when only five miles away I had an eight-hour wait at Bordeaux. Of course, when I saw the accident, I noticed that the car was not in use. Notice to Car Owners Tires at One-Half Price Call at the Acme Rubber Company, 121 West First-Street, and see what we are doing with old casings and be convinced that you are wasting your money by throwing away your old casings, when they can be retread with new rubber and vulcanized on the casing the same as it is done at the factory. Understand, it is raw rubber vulcanized on—not glued or stuck on, and is guaranteed 3.50 C miles and we are here to back it up. We can furnish you any number of testimonials from people here in Caster and Natrona county that are using them and getting from 3,500 to 6,000 miles wear out of them. It doesn’t matter what the tread is on the casing as long as the fabric is good. We will do the rest. You are invited to call and see our work and while your car is idle during the winter months, have your old tires made over like new. Acme Rubber Co., 121 W. 1st St. NATRONA COUNTY TRIBUNE learned it was such a short distance that my train was almost due so I wrote, a note and sent it by messenger. Tonight we had a little dinner party when two of the boys came over to the hotel. We had a good time and I was late on duty but why worry. Dr. Schofield says it is a breach of military etiquette. Tomorrow I am going with the doctor to inspect a camp fifteen miles from here. 3:20 a. m. —After lots of excitement I am going to finish this letter as I am too thoroughly awake now to want to sleep. The excitement was due to the signing of the armistice by the Germans. The official news came through at 1:35 and created the most excitement it has ever been my pleasure to see. The church bells started to ring and the orderly went out to find out the reason, "saw some natives who told the reason and also said the students were ringing the bells. About half an hour after this we heard the worst racket outside and here were about 1,500 or 2,000 boys and men with torches, cheering America and inviting the band to come out and play. Before we could say anything were piling into the Barracks, I went down to look for my orderly and you can imagine my surprise when I saw the crowd upstairs with lighted torches, and the smoke was dense. There was one woman in the crowd and, believe me, I sent her out P. D. Q. An Italian officer said me and the crowd began to collect around me and proceeded to cheer their heads off. American and Americans surely got their share of praise that night and although I am English born, the good old U. S. A. was my haven of refuge and my heart swelled with pride and love when I heard the cheers for the U. S. A. I told the men to put out their torches and by the time they had cheered enough, a sergeant came to my rescue. When I returned here were two of my newly recovered pneumonia patients out of bed and standing by an open window in their pajamas. I did not bawl them out. They hopped into bed so quickly I think their heads will ache tomorrow. It really is wonderful to think that the war is really over after four years of fighting. I really don’t blame these people for being excited but wish they would choose a more convenient time of day or night—2 a.m. is neither late nor early. Why don’t you come over? It is a great life. EXAMINATION IN COURT Mamie Madlock, who shot and seriously wounded Alberta Hollingworth last Sunday evening, waived examination when arraigned for a preliminary hearing before Justice Tubbs and was bound over to the district court. Tex Madlock, husband of the woman, was also locked up on a charge of assault from which he was released on bond some weeks ago. The two are awaiting trial in the county jail. Sadie B. Hannan has instituted suit for divorce against her husband, C. E. Harman, with sensational grounds given as cause. Results Will Startle Casper People report quick results from care Lavoptik eye wash. A girl with weak eyes was helped by ONE application. Her mother could not sew or read because of eye pains. In one week her trouble was gone. A small bottle of Lavoptik is guaranteed to help EVERY CASE weak, strained or inflamed eyes. ONE WASH star ties with its quick results. Aluminum eye Cup FREE. Casper Pharmacy.— A. V. ZERO TEMPERSTURE IS IS COMMON IN STATE FOR PISTIKE IS REPORT By GEORGE W. PITMAN (U. S. Weather Bureau, Cheyenne.) The first part of the week was cold, and temperatures below zero were common over the central and western parts of the State. Light snow occurred in the north. During the first half of the week a general coating of snow made the feeding of livestock necessary in many vicinities. Ranges are good except in the southwest where there is complaint of a shortage of water and water-holes. Livestock are in good condition. Snow on the ground (inches): Wyncote, none; Foxpark, 10.0; Casper, 1.0; Evanston, 3.0; Lander, 2.0; South Pass City, 2.0; Valley, 1.0; Buffalo, none; Dome Lake, 10.0; Sheridan, none. Kansas is believed to have a larger proportion of women office-holders than any other state. December 13 will be the centennial anniversary of the birth of Mary Todd Lincoln. The Nebraska Federation of Women’s Clubs will celebrate its silver jubilee next year. Having been organized at Omaha in 1894. CARD OF THANKS We desire to thank our friends and neighbors for the kind acts and sympathy shown during the illness and death of our son and brother, Herman Shrader. Mrs. Richard Shradler, Mrs. Phillips, Alcova. Key Yet lined Up for You Day in our WANT AD Columns TRIBUNE WANTADS POSSESS A DYNAMIC PULLING FORCE and you merely have to take advantage of THEM to profit. The keen, alert buyer or seller use them WHY NOT YOU? "CHEAP and EFFECTIVE" That's (Hr BUENOS AIRES, Dec 5 hundred persons are killed in an earthquake which yesterday destroyed the town of Lima, Chile. It was felt. Board of Civil Service Exchanges, this city, secretary, 11th U. S. Civil Service District, 303 Post Office, Seattle, Washington.
| 30,743 |
https://github.com/roquin/node/blob/master/deps/npm/lib/utils/uid-number.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
node
|
roquin
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 257 | 696 |
module.exports = uidNumber
// This module calls into bin/npm-get-uid-gid.js, which sets the
// uid and gid to the supplied argument, in order to find out their
// numeric value. This can't be done in the main node process,
// because otherwise npm would be running as that user.
var exec = require("./exec.js")
, path = require("path")
, log = require("./log.js")
, constants = require("constants")
, npm = require("../npm.js")
, uidSupport = process.getuid && process.setuid
, uidCache = {}
, gidCache = {}
function uidNumber (uid, gid, cb) {
if (!uidSupport || npm.config.get("unsafe-perm")) return cb()
if (typeof cb !== "function") cb = gid, gid = null
if (typeof cb !== "function") cb = uid, uid = null
if (gid == null) gid = process.getgid()
if (uid == null) uid = process.getuid()
if (!isNaN(gid)) gid = +gid
if (!isNaN(uid)) uid = +uid
if (uidCache[uid]) uid = uidCache[uid]
if (gidCache[gid]) gid = gidCache[gid]
if (typeof gid === "number" && typeof uid === "number") {
return cb(null, uid, gid)
}
var getter = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "bin", "npm-get-uid-gid.js")
return exec( process.execPath, [getter, uid, gid], process.env, false
, null, process.getuid(), process.getgid()
, function (er, code, out, err) {
if (er) return log.er(cb, "Could not get uid/gid "+err)(er)
log.silly(out, "output from getuid/gid")
out = JSON.parse(out+"")
if (out.error) {
if (!npm.config.get("unsafe-perm")) {
var er = new Error(out.error)
er.errno = out.errno
return cb(er)
} else {
return cb(null, +process.getuid(), +process.getgid())
}
}
if (isNaN(out.uid) || isNaN(out.gid)) return cb(new Error(
"Could not get uid/gid: "+JSON.stringify(out)))
uidCache[uid] = out.uid
uidCache[gid] = out.gid
cb(null, out.uid, out.gid)
})
}
| 29,469 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37587174
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,016 |
Stack Exchange
|
Borodin, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1258644, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1331451, https://stackoverflow.com/users/622310, simbabque, the_qbf
|
English
|
Spoken
| 904 | 1,404 |
How to use specific library for specific perl modules?
I have two libraries that I use and under them are modules that I need:
perl_lib/foo
person.pm
dictionary.pm
perl_lib/bar
person.pm
I want use perl_lib/foo for the dictionary.pm module but I want to use the perl_lib/bar for the person.pm module.
I understand that the order of the use lib lines matter here, and the following would let me use bar/Person.pm, then foo/Dictionary.pm:
use lib 'perl_lib/bar';
use lib 'perl_lib/foo';
but, in our code, perl_lib/bar is exported outside of the perl script while perl_lib/foo is still being used as shown above:
export PERL5LIB='perl_lib/bar:$PERL5LIB'
And with this, perl_lib/foo would get priority for Person.pm
Are there other ways to specify which libraries to get the specific module?
I've tried this:
push @INC, 'perl_lib/foo'
So that foo would get the last priority. (Using, use acts like an 'unshift' to @INC. and the last one that gets unshifted would get priority) It's works but it's a bit messy. Is there a better way to do it?
Are those different versions of person.pm, or are the modules really foo::person and bar::person?
Those are different versions of the same module person.pm
The contents of PERL5LIB and the parameters to use lib are unshifted onto the start of the @INC array, so if you have
export PERL5LIB=a:b
and then run a program
use lib qw/ c d /;
use lib e;
the your @INC array will now start with
'e', 'c', 'd', 'a', 'b', ...
The libraries are scanned by the use statement in the order that they appear in @INC, so in general the last folder added to the array is the one that is searched first. It sounds like you want to scan perl_lib/bar followed by perl_lib/foo so as to find the correct person.pm file. You can create that with
use lib qw{ perl_lib/bar perl_lib/foo };
or
use lib 'perl_lib/foo';
use lib 'perl_lib/bar';
which is the opposite of what you already have. I feel that putting all of the directories into a single use lib better represents the order in which they will be added to @INC, and so their search priority
As for the contents of PERL5LIB, you can use lib to add that directory again with a different priority. The old entry from the environment variable will still be there, but it will simply be searched twice. If you want to keep things tidy and make a fractional improvement to your compilation time then you can remove it first with
no lib 'perl_lib/bar'
before adding the directories in the order you really want
One more thing, your files should be Person.pm and Dictionary.pm, and they should contain package Person and package Dictionary respectively
I've tried this:
push @INC, 'perl_lib/foo'
So that foo would get the last priority. (Using, use acts like an 'unshift' to @INC. and the last one that gets unshifted would get priority) It's works but it's a bit messy. Is there a better way to do it?
I'm not sure what you mean here. As I've said, perl scans the contents of @INC from the beginning, so using a push will just add another, very low priority directory to the search list. If that directory already appears elsewhere in the array then the addition will make no difference except that the directory will be searched a second time before perl declares that it cannot find a module file
Update
You've asked for a way to employ use to load a specific module irrespective of the contents of @INC. That didn't seem to be the drive of your original question, but you can do that using require, which allows a file path to be specified instead of a bareword module name. You should put it into a BEGIN block, and if your module uses Exporter then you also need to call the import subroutine, like this
BEGIN {
require 'perl_lib/bar/Person.pm';
Person->import();
}
but this is very ugly Perl, and I can't recommend hard-coding module paths into your programs. You've said that you consider push @INC, 'perl_lib/foo' to be a bit messy so I don't know if it helps
You could also temporarily override the entire contents of @INC for that one library, like this
BEGIN {
local @INC = 'perl_lib/bar';
require Person;
Person->import();
}
but I'm not sure whether that's an improvement
Please let me know if I've now interpreted your question correctly?
Thanks for the comment. I understand how the order goes for @INC, I'm more interested if there's a better way of using the specific module without relying on the order of @INC.
@the_qbf: I'm sorry, but to me your question gave every indication that you didn't understand that. It would help if you explained what underlying problem has caused you to ask this question, as I don't understand why use lib qw{ perl_lib/bar perl_lib/foo } isn't a satisfactory solution. I've added an update to my answer that may help you
Apologies for not being clear. Yup, the update that you have is what I really meant for the question. So the use lib qw{ perl_lib/bar perl_lib/foo } isn't really the best solution for me because the other library is strictly exported outside of the perl script and that's why I try to use the push @INC, perl_lib/foo as it gives me a ability to prioritize perl_lib/bar over that lib. I may consider moving that in the perl script to make use of this solution you provided.
| 16,963 |
https://github.com/ahmeshaf/ctakes/blob/master/ctakes-core/src/main/java/org/apache/ctakes/core/ae/SimpleSegmentAnnotator.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,022 |
ctakes
|
ahmeshaf
|
Java
|
Code
| 315 | 852 |
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
package org.apache.ctakes.core.ae;
import org.apache.ctakes.core.pipeline.PipeBitInfo;
import org.apache.ctakes.core.util.DocumentIDAnnotationUtil;
import org.apache.ctakes.typesystem.type.textspan.Segment;
import org.apache.uima.analysis_engine.AnalysisEngineDescription;
import org.apache.uima.analysis_engine.AnalysisEngineProcessException;
import org.apache.uima.fit.component.JCasAnnotator_ImplBase;
import org.apache.uima.fit.descriptor.ConfigurationParameter;
import org.apache.uima.fit.factory.AnalysisEngineFactory;
import org.apache.uima.jcas.JCas;
import org.apache.uima.resource.ResourceInitializationException;
/**
* Creates a single segment annotation that spans the entire document. This is
* useful for running a TAE without a CasInitializer that would normally create
* the segment annotations.
*
* @author Mayo Clinic
*/
@PipeBitInfo(
name = "Single Sectionizer",
description = "Annotates Document as a single Section.",
products = { PipeBitInfo.TypeProduct.SECTION }
)
public class SimpleSegmentAnnotator extends JCasAnnotator_ImplBase {
public static final String PARAM_SEGMENT_ID = "SegmentID";
@ConfigurationParameter(
name = PARAM_SEGMENT_ID,
mandatory = false,
defaultValue = "SIMPLE_SEGMENT",
description = "Name to give to all segments"
)
private String segmentId;
/**
* Entry point for processing.
*/
@Override
public void process(JCas jCas) throws AnalysisEngineProcessException {
Segment segment = new Segment(jCas);
segment.setBegin(0);
String text = jCas.getDocumentText();
if (text == null) {
String docId = DocumentIDAnnotationUtil.getDocumentID(jCas);
throw new AnalysisEngineProcessException("text is null for docId="
+ docId, null);
}
segment.setEnd(jCas.getDocumentText().length());
segment.setId(segmentId);
segment.addToIndexes();
}
public static AnalysisEngineDescription createAnnotatorDescription() throws ResourceInitializationException{
return AnalysisEngineFactory.createEngineDescription(SimpleSegmentAnnotator.class);
}
public static AnalysisEngineDescription createAnnotatorDescription(String segmentID) throws ResourceInitializationException {
return AnalysisEngineFactory.createEngineDescription(SimpleSegmentAnnotator.class,
SimpleSegmentAnnotator.PARAM_SEGMENT_ID,
segmentID);
}
}
| 35,875 |
https://github.com/doytsujin/gumnut/blob/master/.gitignore
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
gumnut
|
doytsujin
|
Ignore List
|
Code
| 10 | 36 |
node_modules/
_*
.DS_Store
.vscode
# generated .d.ts files
generatedTypes/
imports/
| 36,588 |
bim_eighteenth-century_manners-translated-from_toussaint-franois-vinc_1765_13
|
English-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,765 |
Manners. Translated from the French. 1765
|
Toussaint, François-Vincent
|
English
|
Spoken
| 6,550 | 8,575 |
It is highly proper, that we should distinguish the FRIEND from the COMPANION, a conformity of taste for pleasure, and for anything besides virtue, may constitute a club, but cannot make a society of friends. That table-companion, who while he holds his glass seems to glow with such cordial friendship, if trusted with a secret on which even your honour depends, will thence take occasion to be merry at your expense, and you will soon, by his means, be rallied, abused, and affronted: deliver up your interest to him, he will sacrifice it to his own. After this you complain, that you have been betrayed by a friend; when it was only by a man who frequently eats and drinks with you, and joined in the same diversions. NEITHER should we confound the RELATION with the FRIEND: we are connected with the first, by necessary ties which reach not the heart; while the other is united to us by the stronger chain of a voluntary engagement, the effect of a perfect sympathy. It is a free and deliberate choice which conciliates friends; but relations are derived from nature. Or FRITZENDSHIP. 225 GRATITUDE itself is not friendship. As man is composed of two parts, such as friendship is composed of two parts, which in some measure resemble the former, the internal sentiment, and the outward proofs and effects of it. I shall lay down no rules with regard to the sentiment itself, or the degree of its force; for an attempt to teach men to love, would be as great an absurdity as an endeavour to teach them to breathe: these actions are both equally natural, and it is the degree of men's sensibility which will regulate the strength of their friendship. But that which can more easily be taught, and what most men are ignorant of, is this, That he but ill serves his friends, who endeavours to do it by prosecuting his honor and conscience. A friend cannot be too dear to us; for an excess of friendship never leads us into guilt: this must ever proceed from a mistaken affection. Has that officious lord, who is generally thought to have made so noble a use of his credit and influence, been of any real service to Calais? Did he act like a friend, in giving that honourable post to a man, who, on account of his incapacity, was soon deprived of it? By attempting to serve him at the expense of his king and country, he drew upon him the most mortifying disgrace, Will ARDEUS, if he should ever be reclaimed from that shameful debauchery into which Lysias has plunged him, have reason to thank him for his pernicious counsels and infamous services? He that procures for another unlawful satisfaction, is a base corrupter, not a friend. The first rule in the choice of a friend, is, not to love him before you know him; and the next, which is not less important, is to choose him only from among the society of the good and virtuous. The most long-lived plants are not those that grow the fastest: thus it is with friendship: that is commonly the most firm and durable, which grows. Friends: but when these contract a friendship they the character before they place their affections. Or FRIENDSHIP. 227 up but slowly; while that, which is hastily contracted, is more liable to be dissolved. Eero 1 Is general, they suffer most from pretended friendship, who least deserve to suffer, It is very rare for the honest heart to prove destructive; and more rare still for him not to be deceived, who is a stranger to suspicion. There are men of a character so open and generous, that there is no one but would be a gainer by making them their riquette more than others; for so many advantages arise from aspiring after their esteem, that they can never be certain that it is not courted with a view to interest; and a self-interested friend is never a true one. It is to these upright and sincere hearts, that especially addresses my counsel on friendship; for what matters it if DECEIVERS are DECEIVED? It is to these that I recommend my advice, of proving vers of virtue should have none but virtuous men for their friends; and on this point the proof ought principally to turn. HED. 9 5 ALM OST at first fight, we may know if a man be of quick or slow parts, if he be gay or serious, clownish or polite, talkative or reserved, witty or stupid: we see almost all this in his eyes, in his attitude, in his gestures, and in his discourse: but we cannot easily discover whether he has virtue and probity. We require more time to be certain with respect to this last point; and till we are as well assured of it, as it is possible for us to be, we ought not prodigally to bestow upon him, from equivocal appearances, the precious title of friend. Are we at laſt well convinced that he deſerves it, j then there muft be no reſerve; we ought to enter [ with him into.an intercourſe of ſentiments, of taſtes, _ I; pleaſures, and intereſts, Friendſhip is a ſpiritual | | | marriage, | a OE Es. eee er, WE xxx marriage, which eſtabliſhes, between two friends, a mutual intimacy and perfect correſpondence, The neceſſary appendages of friendſhip are CONFIDENCE and BENEVOLENCE, The purſe and the heart ought to be ever open to a friend; and in no caſe can we. ſhut them, except in ſuch as will juſtify our having no longer any regard for him. And, indeed, we run no hazard in truſt- ing to a well-choſen friend either our ſecret or our ſtrong : box; for we are certain, that he will uſe them both with diſcretion. 1 7 I. Contipence produces two effects. The one is ſuch a perfect reliance on the prudence, the probity, the conſtancy, and affection, of the per- ſon beloved, as prevents every injurious ſuſpicion: the other effect, which is indeed a natural conſe- quence. of ſuch a reliance,” is that openneſs and unreſerve with which two friends diſcloſe their moſt intimate ſentiments, their thoughts, their projects, and in a word every thing in which ei- ther the one or the other may appear concerned: and this frequently extends even to trifles; be- "cauſe, between friends, trifles themſelves become intereſting. Nothing ought to be concealed, but the ſecret of another friend. That which we can- not, conſiſtently with prudence, truſt to an indif- ferent perſon, we may and ought to repoſe in the boſom of a friend. He has a right to read all that is written on your heart. You may reveal your faults to him, without being chargeable with im- © prudence; and enumerate your Jaudable qualities, without being guilty of an aſſuming pride : for the good you ſay of yourſelf, when talking to an aſſured friend, is rather the overflowing of you: Heart than vanity and boaſting. A converſation with your friend is almoſt the ſame as the ſilent re- | Es | flection 2A ics Q = 99S @£©Awwl © oa - <. a tt _ e S %& Mp ——— 5 of obliging a friend, a in what fituation ſoever Oz FRIENDSHIP. 229 fction of your own mind, or a converſation with yourſelf. The friendship has nothing in it of a self-satisfaction nature, yet it is pleased with kindness and good offices: these are to friends, what cares are to lovers; not reasons for beginning to love, but motives to love more affectionately: like a breath of wind, which, though it produces not the flame, renders it more ardent. There are so many ways. We find him, some one of these is always practicable: seize, therefore, every opportunity that offers; and, if it be possible, wait not till he himself tells you in what instance it is in your power to serve him. Endeavour to know his wants, and provide for them before he himself has perceived them; and thus he will always be ready to foresee and prevent yours. What an agreeable contention, what a noble jealousy, is that of two friends who strive to prevent each other's wants and desires by mutual good offices! We may indeed receive, without mortification, the succor of a friendly hand; for a blush would indicate a doubt injurious to the generosity of the benefactor; but it must be confessed, that the part which he acts is truly worthy of being envied: it is delightful to receive a proof of friendship, but how much more so to give it? Have a regard, however, to the delicacy of your friend, lest he should be confounded by too great a profession on your part, and the impossibility of making a return; for you may, perhaps, disoblige, through a desire to oblige too much. Cover, therefore, your services, with appearances that may seem to dispense with his gratitude, put him not to confusion. By the excess of your civilities, who knows but his gratitude for these obligations, may be a burden too painful for him to bear? There are certain minds which are high-spirited even to fierceness; and imagine, that the favors with which they are loaded, degrade them as much as they enable him that confers them. We have seen some; and could we search into the secret recesses of the heart, we should, perhaps, find many more, who hate a benefactor from no other cause than his generosity itself. However this be, it is much better to offend by too much a sufficiency and bounty, than to confine yourself, either through avarice or want of affection, to barren protections of friendship. But would you give your friend a proof of friendship as strong as it is rare, be sincere with him in all your discouragements; let the advice you give him, the remonstrances you make him, be the faithful expressions of your thoughts and sentiments. Dare to show him truth entirely naked; or, if through consideration, you adorn her with some clothing, let it be such as will set off her beauties without disfiguring them. INDY HUMANITY, I understand the concern men feel for the human species in general, for this single reason, that they are men like themselves; without being united, either by the ties of blood, of love, or friendship. It is just that we should have a superior tenderness for a father, a wife, or a friend; but there is a sort of affection which we owe to all mankind, as being members of the same family, of which God is the Creator and Father. Let us illustrate this, by the circular undulations which the fall of a stone causes on the surface of a clear and tranquil water. The agitation in the center, by communicating itself a far off, forms a great number of trembling circles, the faintness of whose impression is in proportion to the largeness of their circumference, till the last seems to escape from our sight. Here is an image of the different degrees of our affections. We love, principally, that which touches us the most nearly; and less and less, in proportion to the distance. We consider mankind, with relation to us, as divided into different classes; every one of which, increasing in number, is of the other social virtues, and proves that they also are imprinted there, He who loves another man, though he is in all respects a stranger to him, for no other reason but because he is a MAN, certainly will not fail to love him to whom he is bound by closer engagements, and who joins to the quality of a man, that of a FRIEND, a RELATION. This temper will be an effectual restraint from any fatal excess of resentment, when we break with persons whom we have loved with a superior kind of affection. If we are highly offended by a wife, or a son, or by any other for whom we have a peculiar tenderness, we may lose that love we have hitherto felt for them; but we shall never cease to love them as our FELLOW-CREATURES. And thus a man of the greatest humanity, may cease to be a friend; but he will never become an enemy. Humanity is, with respect to the other social affections, what the first layer of coloring is to the picture; it is the GROUND on which are painted all the different kinds of love, engagement, and friendship; and, therefore, whoever wants humanity, will be a bad father. A bad son, a bad husband, and a bad friend. The sentiment of humanity, or the love of our fellow-creatures, may be discovered two ways; either by real effects, or by simple testimonies of affection. We have not always an opportunity of being of service to mankind; but we have it continually in our power, to let them see that we love them by exterior marks of kindness, humility manifested by real effects, and call goodness. When it is only discovered by exterior signs, I call it POLITENESS, or the goodness of the goodness of two parts: the first of which is to do no evil to others. We must not do that to another, and we must not have him do so. This is the rule which determines what kind of. Or is forbidden by nature, with respect to the rest of mankind: every thing which, were it done to ourselves, would appear hard, barbarous, and cruel, is comprised in the prohibition. But this maxim, so extensive in its use, is very much restrained in our practice of it; for most men behave one to another, as if they were persuaded, that it ought never to take place except among friends. The particular inclination which the members of every body of men have for each other, is useful and necessary, as it promotes the common good of society. It is proper that the inhabitants of the same city, the subjects of the same prince, and the followers of the same religion, should be united in interest and sentiments; but it is inconsistent with humanity, to confine all their affection to their associates, and regard all those who are not so as enemies, I do not wonder that a NORMAN should love a NORMAN; for who are better suited to each other? A PARISIAN may have an affection for a PARISIAN; I have no objection to this; for where will he find men of more candor and ingenuity? But ought a FRENCHMAN born at Domfront, at Vire, or at Caudebec? To hate another for no other reason, but because he was born at Paris; or this just have an aversion to every Frenchman? These hereditary hatreds of the inhabitants of one province or country towards those of another, have an infallible influence on all their proceedings. We who are born in France, believe ourselves superior to all the nations upon earth in the perfection of the heart and understanding: the most favorable sentiment we entertain for our neighbors, is compassion; we pity them for being so far beneath ourselves. The French have a lively wit, they are bold and courageous, of a kind, of a friendly and beneficent character. They give strangers a better reception than they meet with themselves in other countries. abroad would be such, whose interest would not suffer them to be idle through a necessity of procuring a commodious establishment: for if we examine with the least attention, we shall find that all the vagabonds and uppers hands we have among us are NATIVES, which the foreigners who have settled here are diligent and industrious. A BLIND attachment to that exterior worship in which we are educated, is another source of hatred between those of different professions. This abuse arises from hence, that the various religions which divide mankind are not founded on the REACTION OF NATURE. For want of having drawn from this pure source those sentiments of humanity which would form the whole universe into a society of friends; the different religions make a pleasure and a merit of the most cruel persecutions, covering, with the name of a holy zeal, what most frequently is nothing else but a fondness for their own opinion, prejudice, bigotry, cruelty, and a religious madness. If we could reasonably hate any part of mankind on account of religion, it would be those who make an open profession of hating GOD. The declared enemies of a monarch are the enemies of his subjects. But in what system of religion shall we find this shocking sentiment inculcated? All have the honour of GOD in view, and all consequently honor him. If some mingle with the homage which they pay him, prophane, superstitious, or criminal practices, reason does not forbid our rejecting this impure allay: but It will not permit us to hate, but only to pity those who adopt them. Can there be anything more ridiculous than to hate a person only because he is deceived, especially when his intention is right? There is a body of men whom we make no sacrifice of using roughly; these are malefactors, a term by which we commonly understand robbers and murderers. As to the last, we never hesitate to judge them worthy of death, in virtue of the law of retribution, which we regard, upon I know not what foundation, as deducible from the law of nature; for I cannot believe that this sacred law, which, with respect to the duties of society, inspires nothing but tenderness, goodness, and indulgence, allows us to suppress wickedness by wickedness, and to punish homicide with murder. And indeed I have never yet been convinced, that God has permitted men to destroy one another. caust your eyes on him, to see the impression of the Divine Hand and your own Resemblance; and this will be sufficient to calm your anger. Say not to God, what we are told Carr said to him, "Am I my brother's keeper?" Yes, without doubt, God has committed him to your care; and not only forbids your doing him an injury, but commands you to serve him to the utmost of your power. A PERSON who is friendly and beneficent to his relations, his benefactors, or his friends, may imagine himself generous, though he is inoffensive and indifferent with respect to the rest of mankind, and has not even charity; a virtue much inferior to that of generosity, which is the summit and completion of all the other social virtues. For the practice of these, we need only avoid the faults which are manifestly contrary to them; but generosity removes us to a much greater distance from vice; since it leaves, in the interval between that and itself, all the virtues of mere precept and obligation. generosity is a degree of perfection added to virtue, over and above the indispensable prescriptions of the law: unless we go farther than these ordain, we shall be only free from blame, but not generous. Crarrry, or, which is the same thing, that general affection which is due to all mankind, is not a virtue of UPEROGATION. You meet with an unknown person wounded by a sſſſins, you draw near and dreſs his wounds: but in this you only fulfill the dictates of humanity; for the need he stands in of your assistance, is a Law which we e you to aſſiſt him. An indigent person is pressed by the calls of hunger: but the relieving of his wants is only the payment of a DEBT: the poor are committed to the care of him. and have a right to be maintained by the superfluities of the wealthy. But complain not of the succour you lend them, though it be the price of your sweat and labour. It costs you something it is true, but it costs them much more; since to receive it under the title of an alms, is to buy it very dear. But would you learn in one word, how far those good offices which are due to mankind, ought to be extended; let this be your rule: WHATSOEVER YOU WOULD THAT MEN SHOULD DO UNTO YOU, DO YOU EVEN THEM? TJOliteneſs is that continual attention which humanity inſpires in us, both to please others, and to avoid giving them any offense. The surly plain-dealer exclaims loudly against this virtue, and prefers to it his own shocking bluntness and Gor Hic freedom. The courtier and the fawning flatterer, on the contrary, substitute in its place in spirit compliments, cringing, and a jargon of unmeaning sentences. The one blames politeness, because he takes it for a vice; and the other is the occasion of this, because that which he practices is really so. I ADDRESS myself to ARNOLPHUS: he suffers me to advance, while he fits immoveable in his chair. I bow: he suffers me from head to foot, and then cuts short the ceremonial, by crying out at a distance; "Who are you? what do you want?" "Your advice upon an affair, sir, says I. "Let us see, says ARNOLPHUS; come to the point; for I am in haste; on this I begin: "You know EUPHEMON, I believe. No: how should I know him?" He is a gentleman. Of the younger branch of the family of what signifies what family, and what branch he is of? What is your dispute with him? I have a piece of land contiguous to his— Well, what of that land? He pretends to appropriate it to himself. Would he buy it, or exchange with you for it? He will do neither. In one word then, what would he have? He would confiscate it to his own use, and pretends, upon I know not what foundation, that I am his valet; and that, having failed in doing him homage, my head devolves to him. Is it my fault, if you have a negleeted? But it is false that I am his valet. That may be, but do not imagine that you will be believed on your bare word. I have records to vouch it. So much the better for you. Produce them. There they are. I have not time to look them over now. You may do it, sir, when you are at leisure. Well, I will consider of it. When may I wait on you, sir, for your advice? "I can't tell." But, sir, EUU PRE-ἰ Mo threatens me with a vigorous prosecution, and that quickly. "Does he so?—Well you must both wait then." ARNOLPHUS is a man of integrity, and a judicious lawyer; but of what service can his probity and capacity be to his fellow citizens, while he is thus austere and inaccessible. BIBLIUS is a grave and studious man; he has the happiness of being acquainted with all the ancient authors, and is passionately fond of them. He came one day to the lovely Lucinpa's, whom he finds surrounded by a circle of wits and admirers. He enters with a monstrous felt hat in his hand, bows with a very ill grace, walks awkwardly up to Lucinpa, treads on her flipper, rumples her gown, and then stepping hastily back, throws himself on a large couch. The companion smiles—this puts him out of humor: they take no more notice, but resume the conversation where it was broke off. It turned upon a question of gallantry, of which, upon The arrival of Biz-Lis, they had, suspended the examination. Every one now enters into the debate, and decides according to his particular taste; and, at last, they ask Biz-Lis what he thinks of it. I am not accustomed, says he bluntly, to employ my thoughts on such silly stuff: but, in short, since I am forced to speak, I must own to you, gentlemen, that none of your decisions please me: I see plainly that you have read but little of ARISTOTLE, though I can tell you he was the finest genius of antiquity and to confute you, I need only borrow one syllogism from him. No, no, Mr. Biz-Lis, for Lu-CINDA'S fake, says the young CLITANDER, excuses us from hearing your syllogism, and speaks plain French. Biz-Lis however purifies his point, begins a long argument, and supports it with Greek and Latin citations from Homer, Euripides, Cicero, Seneca, and Lambinus; quarrels with every one of the company; laments their ignorance, and upbraids them with it. Bur ARNOLPHUS and BIBLI TUS may perhaps be unpolite, only for 2 of a proper n; "el 2"; 2 Or born s the one has been nothing but briefs, counselors, law, books, and records; the other only classes of boys, raw scholars, masters of arts, and grammarians. Let us hear CESIPHON, an enemy from principle to all the respect and compliance used in society: he is going to make an ingenuous apology for his clownish bluntness, and to expiate on the inconveniences of politeness. You may think as you please, says he, of my address, my countenance, my attitude, and those artificial rules of behavior which are called Civility; I am in no pain about it: I leave these important trifles to our young senators or our court Abbes. I would have people judge of me by my actions and not by my oath; for I do not visit my friends to do honour to my dancing master. As to my manner of living with mankind, I reduce it to this, to speak the truth, to be serviceable to my fellow creatures, and never to injure them. These being my Principles, I know how to converse and deny myself, if necessary to do any useful service. I give my advice when it is asked, in affairs that come within my knowledge; freely employ my credit and influence, and sometimes my purse, to assist my friends, or whoever has need of them: but I think myself justly dispensed from a frivolous company, which can afford no solid advantage to those who demand it. I am invited to dinner, to take a walk, or to a concert; just then I had rather stay at home, and I accordingly stayed there. Play is proposed, I do not like it; and therefore I refuse to play. A poet reads to me His verses; they tire me, and I yawn without ceremony. A ball is proposed; my well-informed friends, and therefore go to play. OF POLITENESS. 243 I hate that studied complaisance, that CONSTRUNCTUOUS RESPECT, which, if not contrary to sincerity, are at least inconsistent with a frank and open temper. I seldom praise others, and would never have them praise me; because praise is a kind of poison. I contradict the man who asserts a false fact, or advances a false principle; because he must be a liar, or a deceiver, who will not confute a lie or an error: and this I do, with a vehemence that adds a weight to my refutation. The rank of the person I attack encourages, instead of intimating me; because the more considerable the adversary is, the more important it is to humble him. DAMON is vain, I mortify his pride LAURA is a coquette, I reproach her with her intrigues; LEAN DER is a hypocrite, I pull off his mask; BERTHOLDA is filly and affected, I rally and mimic her; GORDOS loves his glass, I make him ashamed in public; CYDALIA delights in scandal, I lay open and & expoſe her other faults in order to cure her of this; Lysimoni affects to be thought learned, examine and disconcert him. These persons would have been cured long ago, had everyone behaved like me; but the discomfiture of the world renders them blind to their vices, and prevents their becoming virtuous by making them believe that they are already so. CESSIPHON, in this portrait, has not belied the frankness of his character: but is not this frankness, for which he professes such a value, carried too far? Any other, except a Cynic or a flatterer, knows how to join frankness with politeness; and without abandoning the one, to account the other, as it truly is. But in us, pro- Or CIVILITY. proving this, let us, for the sake of method, follow the plan which CIVILITY has pointed out to us, and divide politeness, as he has done, into three branches; CIVILITY, CONPLAISANCE, and RESPECT. AR T. I. Or civility. (IVILITY is a ceremonial agreed upon and established among mankind, with a view to give each other external things of friendship; esteem and regard. This ceremonial varies with the different customs of nations; but all have one, of some kind or other. And it may reasonably be presumed from this universal practice, that it has its foundation in nature, Whence I conclude, that civility is a duty prescribed by the law of REASON. It is with respect to men, what external worship is with regard to the DELITY; a public testimony of our internal sentiments, the form of which is in its own nature indifferent; for the manner of addressing ourselves to persons in various situations, of saluting them, of expressing our respect, the terms we make use of in speaking to them, the titles which are to be given them, are all, originally, mere arbitrary formalities which custom only has established. These two things then are certain: the one that right reason and good sense require us to practice some kind of civility; the other that neither good sense nor right reason determine in what particular acts it ought to be done. Confiſt, The best manner of showing our friendship and regard to mankind, as well as the least liable to suspicion, is that of serving them by all the good offices in our power; but an opportunity for doing this does not always offer: it was therefore necessary, that certain designs should be agreed upon, certain demonstrations, by which we might habitually show that we love, esteem, and honour them; and every nation has chosen those which are most conformable to the ideas and tastes of the people: and therefore as all are originally indifferent, our choice must be determined by the various customs of the countries we inhabit. The Frenchman, the Turk, and the Persian, ought all to be civil: but there is one kind of civility for the Frenchman, another for the Turk, and another for the Persian. If men were pure spirits, capable of communicating their thoughts and sentiments without exterior signs, civility would be superfluous: what renders it necessary is, their not having this power. h- favours you with a bow, or an obliging word or look. You would judge by the seeming indifference of his air, that he believes himself the only human creature upon earth; however, dare but to encounter his forbidding temper, do but ask him to do you a piece of service, and you will, to your great astonishment, find him truly generous: but the favour being done, he will continue to live with you upon the same footing as before; always cold, constantly reserved, ever alone, penetrated with a sense of your obligation, you break out into professions of your attachment, esteem, and gratitude; but these are all lost, for he sees nothing, hears nothing, and answers to nothing. In short, HER Mopacitus would have been a complete misanthropist, had he not been naturally beneficent. ART II. OR CONPLAISANCE. OMPLAISANCE is an honest consideration, by which we bend our wills to render them conformable to those of others. I say an honest consideration: for basely to give way to the will of another in criminal instances, is to be an accomplice in his vices rather than complain. TE complaisance of which I here ſpeak, con-ſiſts then, only in not contradicting the taste and sentiments of any person, when we can forbear with innocence; in complying with the inclinations of others, and even anticipating them as far as we are able. This is not, perhaps, the most excellent of all the virtues; but it is, at least, extremely useful, and very agreeable in society. SEE how greatly ALCIDAMUS is beloved, courted, and cared for. Is it for his probity? This virtue only raises our esteem, without engaging our affection. Is it for his beneficence and readiness to do service to others? Those who are fond of his company, have not all been in want of his good offices. Is it because he is sprightly, humorous, and diverting? This could only make him agreeable, in those moments when gaity is reasonable. No; he is beloved on account of that easy engaging disposition which makes his will not his own. While he bends, turns, and fascinates it, so as to oblige all his friends. As he discovers what will give you pleasure, he almost prevents your desires; and does this with such a graceful ease, that in the very moment when he has no other end in view than your delight, you would imagine that he only followed his own choice and inclinations. We may give pleasure to mankind by a courteous behavior, by a gaity of temper, or by ingenious halves of wit and humour; but not any of these ways of pleasing is of such universal use as compliance. You can be courteous only to equals or inferiors; there are a thousand occasions in which your gaity would be ill-placed; points and repartees do not always present themselves so readily to the mind as you could wish, nor are they always relished: but if you are of a good-natured and yielding temper, if you take a pleasure in contributing to the pleasure of others, I can answer for the friendship of those about you; for this is a perfection that will be valued at all times, in all places. and on all occasions. RroDoLPHUs is a man of merit, and both a poet and a philosopher; and would not fail of being supported in all companies, in spite of the two qualities, could he descend so far as to become compliant, But how can he do this? — | | 3 248 Oran ler. Complaiſance ſuppoſes eſteem : now, whoever can. not make VERSES, or has never read NEWTON or DEscAR TES, is in his opinion no better than a piece of clock-work; an ideot, of which at most we can only make a labourer, a monk, or a farmer of the public revenues. He imagines himself of a species superior to other men, and glories that he is distinguished from them by the peculiarity of his maxims, sentiments, and inclinations. To condescend to humour them, would be to enter into their society; it would be mixing with them whom he regards as prophane. AcLAURA has an amiable person, she has wit, understanding, and is naturally formed to please; yet, with all these accomplishments, she is shunned and hated. But AcLAURA. Why is this? The reason is, she has neither will nor sentiment of her own: before the can determine what to do or say, she must wait till some one has declared his thoughts or wishes; as soon as this is done, she is of a contrary opinion, and will act in a quite opposite manner. 3 V respect 1 here mean that regard and difference which is founded on the circumstances, genius, and quality of persons. We ought not, for example, to satisfy lawyers in the presence of a gentleman of the law, especially if his probity is sufficient to protect him from reproach. And even supposing he deserves it, it is not always sufficient that a charge be well founded, to justify him that makes it; since it may be done at an improper time, and with a malicious bitterness: for though truth is commonly painted naked, she has nevertheless disagreeable nudities, which it is sometimes proper to conceal. You are in the presence of a great man, and every one is a virtuous in showing him marks of respect: conform yourself to the rules of custom; honour him like the rest; and behave not with the confidence of a Quaker, who would address him with THEE and THOU, and speak to him with his head covered. But you will revere him only in proportion to his virtues, his abilities. and personal merit; for all the pomp and lustre which surround him you consider only as smoke and wind. I grant that they are fo : but what are the honours that I defire you to beſtow on him, but wind and ſmoke? I deſire you not to praiſe him, if he is only worthy of contempt; to flatter his taſte, if he has none ; to applaud his wit, if heis a fool; to extol his knowledge, if he is ignorant. You will run no hazard of forfeiting your ſincerity, by beſtowing upon him only a mate kind of ho- mage. This is abſolutely neceſſary; for that ſub- ordination which is ſo requiſite for the government of the ſtate, would ſoon be deſtroyed, if people, eſpecially in public, were to honour the great on- ly in proportion to their real merit. HiPPIAs is, you ſay, a ſtupid wretch, without either genius, probity, or diſcernment. Cloathed in a poor monkiſh frock, he crept into an obſcure cloifter, where he was juſtly confounded in the throng of the recluſe: at laſt the government of the monaſtery became vacant by the death of their chief; when an imprudent female dovotee, of whoſe conſcience he was become the director, undertook to decorate him with this poor pre- eminence: but her ſcheme ſailed; HIPPI AS was not thought worthy to govern even a fociety of monks. Or RESPECT. 249 250 O Ne monks. The humble penitent, piqued at this provoking disappointment, contrived to avenge herself in a very singular manner; and that was by procuring for him a bishopric. Lake away from HiPpias, you may say, his crofier and his mitre, and he will, then be a finished blockhead, unworthy of the least attention from a man of sense. This I readily confess: but as he is now actually in possession of this crofier and mitre, he deserves at least a respectful bow. Do not dispute such a trifle; I allow you liberty enough, when I disagree with your giving him your esteem. AFFECT not an air of contempt before the afflicted, who are lamenting over their losses or dissatisfied. Or if you groan yourself under some dreadful calamity, go not to fatigue, with your fad lamentations, those favourites of fortune who cannot remove the cause of your distress. It would be insulting over the grief of an afflicted widow, drowned in tears and lamenting the loss of a husband tenderly beloved, to come and tell her with an air of satisfaction. That your love will soon be crowned, and that speedily you shall be the happiest of husbands. You are running to inform MENALCAS of the favor the king has done you, in presenting you the ribbon of a certain order of knighthood: turn back; it is a favor has just been refused to him, and he will not be in a humour to partake of your joy.
| 24,716 |
https://github.com/IamGianluca/sleepmind/blob/master/tests/test_doc2vec.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,018 |
sleepmind
|
IamGianluca
|
Python
|
Code
| 161 | 595 |
import numpy as np
import pytest
from sleepmind.feature_extraction.text.doc2vec import Doc2VecTransformer
CORPUS = np.array(
[
["i am working on doc2vec to improve my predictions"],
["Hi, my name is Luca and I love python"],
["i am testing that this transformer works"],
["we @re not entirely sure about the outcome"],
["three cats were crossing the street"],
["i think it is going to start raining soon"],
]
)
def test_doc2vec_vector_size():
"""The Doc2VecEstimator should return a np.ndarray of shape
(n_documents, vector_size).
"""
vectors_size = 10
clf = Doc2VecTransformer(
vector_size=vectors_size,
n_jobs=1,
min_count=2,
alpha=.025,
min_alpha=.001,
epochs=20,
)
clf.fit(X=CORPUS)
result = clf.transform(X=CORPUS)
assert result.shape == (CORPUS.shape[0], vectors_size)
def test_raise_error_when_train_is_not_false_and_serialized_model_is_passed():
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
Doc2VecTransformer(
vector_size=10,
n_jobs=10,
train=True,
pretrained_model="./some_location/model.pkl",
)
# def test_load_pretrained_model():
# # given
# n_vector, vectors_size = CORPUS.shape[0], 10
# filename = './src/sleepmind/models/tests/model.d2v'
# clf = Doc2VecTransformer(vector_size=vectors_size, n_jobs=4, min_count=2,
# alpha=.025, min_alpha=.001, epochs=20, train=True)
# clf.fit(X=CORPUS)
# clf.save(filename=filename)
# # when
# pretrain_clf = Doc2VecTransformer(train=False, pretrained_model=filename)
# vectors = pretrain_clf.transform(X=CORPUS)
# # then
# assert vectors.shape == (n_vector, vectors_size)
| 13,892 |
bub_gb_W79AAAAAcAAJ_1
|
German-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,835 |
Polytechnisches Centralblatt
|
None
|
German
|
Spoken
| 6,718 | 14,284 |
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Ankündigung« JBs gereicht uns zu grosäern Vergnügeo, onseni geehrten Lesern anin« zeigen y 4aM ,d«r Beifall , deaien tiGh das poljtechnisdie Ceatralbtott er- freut, not sdion jetit in 4m Stand fietil, der AnfMcnntg der Voll- ■ock Jbcncr n entipKckoi ind daher ?an heute an^ i^aU bidber alle 8 Ta^» alle öTage euie Nanner wMam wsL\M»m^ •kne )edodk dieee hedcotende Teraiehnuigy die Ton oiMr entsprechen» den der Holzschnitte nnd etwa not b igen Kupfertafeln begleitet sdn wird, mit einer Erhöhung des Preises zu verbinden. Wir hoffen, durch diese Leutung des äusserst Möglichen den geehrten Lesern einen Beweis m geben , wie sehr wir es uns angelegen sein lassen » anf alle Weise Unteraehmn die hochrtnwgBche Nnlilkhkeil in venchaffen. Leqpaig, d. ^ Xnll 1835.. Die Redaetion, Die Verlagelinndlnng. Die ÜTerpool- Manchester £ifieai>alüi« wdchee Bietabahnen Jelat aUlgCBMin Ün- deab gereidt et nae an beeonderer Ctaniglhnang, dte Beiprechaag d»- iher in dieeeni . Blatte darcb einen Aofiats ▼«miDatid STsrasmoir über die Liverpool - Manchester KiffnKflliq einleiten za können , wozn uns 1. MriaH. 27 Digitizeü by CjüOgle 416. theils das Unternehmen selbst, welclies bU jetit mit tlcm glänzendsten Erfolge grekrönt wc*dea ist, tbeii« der Naib^ dte Verfassers, welclier als bei dieser Bahn aDgestellter iDgenieur die erwünschteste Gelegenheit hatte, ein überall gegründetes Urthetl über dieselbe absugebeiiy binrei- ckend sn befec^gm aclieiiiL VKis theUeo dvlier aucb» |im ciiiea#iimd wa gtmani% aiif frelAem wir spat«r ftUM XlnM» ^ Auliütt ibejgegebcneii Abbildangen mity soUtea aucii einige' der«eibfen cfnem TlteSIe unsrer Leser bereits bekannt sein. Die Liverpool - Manchester - Eisenbahn wurde am 15. Sq)t. 1830 eröffnet Ihre Herstellung mit Einschlns« von Wohnungen, \V aareulagern, Büreaus kostete ohngefähr eine Million Pfund Sterling, oder im Mittel liur jede Meile * 33300 Pfund ; jedoch darf man diesen Kostenbetrag nn M wenige lur ähnliche UaAecnefamnifgei». iura Maaiftab« aimehmen, ab Tide AtbcIteB nicht hü Oidiage anigefEhrt wefdtn homjtoii« 0ie ganie liuige der Bahn betragt 30 MeSen; sie besteht aus ehiem dop- pelten Wege, welcher durch vier einzelne Schicnenlinien gebildet wird, ▼on denen zu beiden Seiten nach Ortschaften und K. hlenuiederlagen Seitenbahnen abgehen. Diese Seiteubahnen bestehen grosstentheils nur ans einer einfachen Bahn mit Ausweichplätzen. Mehle wichtige und in-< teressante Werke, z. D. drei Tunnel, 63 Brücken, viele Durchstidi^ nnd Anfinlfain^eii toa israiMr Lang« fiades lieii bei Aeser vol^ jedoch d&rifte deren nfihere Beichreibangf ta weit abfihM». IXe beiieii sehid'eli ISbeden "bei Whiston- and SattM aasgettoteme», ^ dl« Neigung der Eisenbahn anf 96 LSngenfuss einen Fuss Hohe betragt, hat der übrige TheU der Bahn durchgeheads nie mehr bAs einen Fuss Udht auf 880 Fuss Länge, und die Biegungen in horizontaler Ebene (wddie ; dem Wagen, an dem die Axen eine unferändertich feste Lage haben, bedeutendes Hindernisi durch SeileoreiboAg matiacheii) werehea nie mehr alt 4^^ auf 66' t<mi te graden^Iiide ab. Die geiiktf^ Neijg^g von 1 aatf d§0 iif Ar den Dampfwageft h«um beineridiar^ imd die * Um jedem MissverfltändDisae vorzubeugen, erwähnen wir, dasil die engl^ sehen Maasse hier beibehalten wurden, dass also hier istt 1 Meile = 0,214 preusa. oder: 1 Yard « 2,913 . Fbas. 1 PuM = 0,971 - - . ,. 1 Zoll = 0,971 - Zoft. . • - 1 Pfund = 0,969 - Pfd. Kramergew. 1 Tonne := 2^10 ¥fA. s= 19,74t pr. Ctr. oder 0,543 SchtAkst«, ' > : IBltobsl SS 0,661 pr«nss.MnffJL. - :.ietold|fa'*»=i ( : Tonnen. ■ • : ' . 1 PÄi ßterfing a= 6 Tidr. Gr. .Cw, ; Digitized by Google 417 Biegungen sind so sanft, dass sie die Fortbewegung nur sehr wenig hin* (krn ; aber die Neigung von 1 auf 96 in der Hao^Ünie and einige Knumninigen m den SeitenlinieD vmumAm äm Mentcndn ffinihiriüij^ &mt6m4U tairttllighiit dtt Hmnyftw»!- mIv imiMtm, }a IIa » mSkm aofär mMüm. Ut tTnlfli'hin^ sweter ScUmmb doer Bahn ktfSg^ 4" «ad «n BrtMiong bdder Bnhnen ▼on einander eben- mmM Di« SeUenen nnd> wie ^ji^. /• zeigt y von bauchiger Form^ ans wtiAcf tbtttf W iMg mmI Im Hütet aoT dn Tafd 35 tb «ehwcf. Sie «IM 0%eil 2'' breit, wo sie auf dem Lager anfliegen 272''^ in der Iffitte aber 3 hoch. Bemerkens werth ist dabei, daas, wenn diese Schienen brachen, die Bruchfläche alienial um einige Zoll von dem im Lager befestigten Tbeiln abstand, niemals abte In dickeA Theile der' Scft^kne awiMbon dcü Lagern iiei httaA; wmrn^gmmUL aacb bei jeder hmmmktmkm^ der Setow dfch der gWdMta^ bedielte^ iHe lie Iii dargeMt simL IHe IdaMi wl^ aif 1 Ywd Uage 40 tb* Vm 3m 9- 9im rahen die SeHeaeB auf gundfenen Lagern, die nebst Keil und Bolzen etwa 16 tt> wiegen. Die Lager selbst aber ruhen auf Steinblöcken bei Durchstichen, wo der Grund fest bt, oder bei Auf- iiUongen auf QaerschweUen , wie dies die Abbildung des Dampfwagens ai%C Die Stanblocke haben eiaiBn Inhalt von 4 cf; et befiaden sich ia Umii md W ticia LiMer van i^' Darohaiaiwr, a welche ^chcaa. 27* Digitized by 418 Füller €ifig€l^t werdeB, «m Lager an densefibol m Weitigen^ wie dies Fig. IIIj II a. deutlich zeigt, wo a dd& Lager, 6 die Schiene uDd c der - stählerne Scbleifkeil ist, durch welchen dieselbe befestigt wird. Die Seiten« beweguBg TerJiiiidert auf diese Art der Scbleifkeil, während da« Bestreben, sich, aas den Lager sn bebciii dadnchweraicirtciwini» daat aicb an 4» fikUeü« eio V«ripmBg {»eMel^ wdcher im eise Yertiefung det Lagen eingreift, Fig, IT.seigt das )!<ager von oi>en eline iMUber. liegeade SchteM^ Fig, V oben rott der Seite^ wo e der Bojsen ist, welcher das Lager an das Holzfutter A befestigt, Hdkread sich zur &ätc bei d eia Theil de^ Steines zeigt. Die Quer- schwellen werden aus Eichen - oder Lercbenhoiz gefertigt, sind 9 — 10' lang ond dienen auf diese Art gleich den zwei der Breite nach gegeniibcr liegenden Lagern zur Unterstütinng. Zur Befestigung der Lager ist übrigens ein Bett in diesaibeD gearbeitet» auf welches jnit ZwiiAenlegnng von gepichter Lein- wand ^lÄm Ciliy.nni einen dichten Anschlais no bewIAen, die Lager nnfgelegl iind «ngeboIiit>wenlen. Bei den SteinblScken anss forziigUch viel Sorgfalt auf das Eintreiben ider eicheuca Futter gewendet werden, um sie nicht zu zersprengen. Die Bolzschwellen haben dagegen den Nachtheil ftanfiger Re- paratur und Attsveefchselung. Das Bett^ in welchem die Steine und Schwellen ruhen, besteht ans Sand und kleinen Steinen io einer Dicke von 2^ Bepaiatar .und Anfriclit hb^ dl« finhn war im lahre.1834 für 6000 Pfd. oder Ar 200 Pfd. h Meile verpachtet wordeq» wobei der Pachter die Arbdl^ Lager, Keile -nnd Bolzen lieferte» wfihrend^di^ JEilenbahn-Com^agnie ihsa - Schienen, Steiohlücke und Schwellen einhändigte. Man rechnet hiernach» dass man für jeden Tag und Meile ein Lager zu erneuen und jährlich fSr Schleifkeüe und -Bolzen 120 Pfd. Sterling au£uiwenden hat. Die Abnutzung ist hierbei so stark, dass man auf jede Meile drei Wegewarter hat anstellen müssen. Die CompagHiehat 33 Dampftragen banenhws^n» vonwekhen l»nf oder sechs Jetet «MSser^Gebmncl» andere währenddes Masstes fiist gans um» gdtaidevtt jR^den smd; jeder «fieser Wagen tragt seine Nuauner und seinen Namen, uad es ist der von STBPBBicsoif ierbaute locket 4 Tonnen 3 Ctr. : schwer, der den von den Directo«-en der Eisenbahn ausgeschriebenen Preis von 500 Pfd. Sterling gewonneB hat. Alle fetzt im Dienste stehenden Dampf- wagen zerfallen in drei Klassen ; zur ersten Klasse gehören die von ohnge- lahr 30 PIMchfaften» 8 Tonnoi Gewicht und 900 P£rt Stelling Kanlipreis; inr Ewdten die von «bngelSfar 35 FitMkMtaty Ö«Tewi«is'Gowioht w4 i€00 Pfimd Knnl^reis; «ar -dritten endfieh der €l$Umk und SmHmp. von. etwa 50 PferdekraHen, 12 Tonnen nüd 1100 Pfmid, weUhoPassa#ere «nd Waarentransporte die stark gezeigten schiefen Ebenen btt Whiston und. Soiton heraufziehen helfen. Die Cylinder dieser verschiedenen Maschinen ; T haben aiaea Dorchmesser von Ii — H'' und Jinb. von 16 ^20'\ I>ie. Digitized by Google 419 vierradcrigen W«gcn zom Trafl?poHc des Wasser?, die dem Dampfwngen hinten an^^ebangen werden, wiegen gefüllt etwa 4 Tonnen und kosten 150 Pfund. D . II*« 420 « In vorstehender AMHidmig« Fi^^ VIy von eioem Dampfwagen* Bidi SvsrH9)9S0ii'a £inriditi»g von cl«n 40 Ffcrdekiaft bedentat • ite Fenttkaftcn» d den Danplkessel» c den Banciikastcn^ d dai Sdionisteiu, / die kapfeme Dampf badiae , von der das Dampflrolir nach den Cjfin- dem ftibrt,.g die ^eifiiguogsÖffnaiig, k die Feiierthür, m ddä Gedtell| h die liäiier , n die Axen. « lo #Vg. 7 ist der Dpiinpfkessei abgebildet, dessen einfache und zweck- massige ^iw4fhtllVf 'VQiii B<|qth herrührt, D^e äussere Umhüllung die- ses Kessels besteht aus Bisenblech von V2'^ Star- ke; eiserne, y/' staike und 1 — 3" weite Kapfer- röhreu sind in den bei- den Endplattcn des Keft- sels so befestigt, dass sie SU beiden Seiten offen sind nnd dem Fener el- ' nen freien Dordiiog ge- statten. Man erlangt hier- ; durch eine grosse erwär- vif' /^i^ ^ mende Oberflache im Kes« ^ sei nnd kann, da dieselbe stets vom Wasser anspült den Dampf schneller erzeugen als bei den gew Shnttchen Kesiehi. Die Befestigung derKnpQer* röhren an die Seitenwände des Kessels geschieht auf die Art, dasa^ in ddä Rohr, wenn es schon ziemlich ao die Kesselwand anschUesst, ^in Stahlring, der -etwa breit, dick ist und sich nach der einen Seite ganz allmälig veij&ngt, eingetrieben wird, wodurch man einen wasser- nnd dampfdichten VerscUuM erhugt Die Röhren werden einem Wasser- drücke von Vif 4^ ^oadratioUy um sie in probiten, ansgesetst^ und dennoch springen sie häufig. Geschieht dies^ so werden «i beiden Seiten Keile in die QeffnuDgea gesdilagen und diese dadnreh verstopft, weil sich i^er engere Rohren leichter mit Russ und Asche versetzen, so zieht man die etwas wettern gewöhnlich deu eugern vor^ Pie Kes- sel sind gewöhnlich 7^ lang, 4"" weit, enthalten 70 oder 80 enge Röhren und sind m^t einem ^1%' starken Holzmantel umgeben, welcher di^ch eis^e Beifen l^eMigt ist, die Ausstrahlung der Warme verh&tcl und dadurch namentlich bei kattein. nnd nassem Wetter die DampfSetieugung bedeutend steigert Qeror nmn selbst bei einem sehr gut eingericbt^cn Digitized by Googl» • 421 geht du« ^9taode. Zum FeBcfmattrial darf in Folge einer Parlia- me&Uacte io Zukunft nw Cok angev^ endet werden, wodurch der lästige Rauch roher SteinkohleQ veroiiedeO) aber die Auigabe für BreniUU^eriai. am fast 40 Proceiit gesteigert wird. Die CjrÜBder liegen bei alkn Damp^ragen horizostlül» mit Anaiahaie YOQ wmif wo ne vertical «tdieii , jedoch sich aicht «o ^Mthcübaft b«^ ivihm md ollerer BqiamlMa ▼enrnnchen, m ihtavf bciyikeD «ig» 4am^ -mtan die CjFlhhlcr Tertiiad ttdfcii, die HfatchiBerie der auf- and oiedeiigeheadea Bewegung der Kolbenstange »iclit auäwcicken kaüo und daher den ganzen Stoes aufnimmt, während bei einer horizontalen Lage der Cyiioder sich die Bewegung der Kolbenstange und eines Stostea unter einem Winkel begegnen, wodurch die Kraft des letztern gesdniSdit l&r die MLoachincrie wcnigilena nicht nachtheUi^ ward. IKcs ist uh so mehr mm btndlcn, eis der fimvnrf» den man d^ horomitareD Lage der CfIMer ondht, da« ^ dte «alm Scke des Kolbens msSge seiner cfgoen ScKwere mehr abnofie, in &tr Praxis weniger CMcfct hat als der vorher erwähnte Nacbtheil. Bei eioigen Dinipfwag^ sied die Kol- benstangen mit der Aiissenseite der beiden Vorderräder verbunden , je- dodi schieben sie bei dem vorliegenden an Krummzapfen ^ die sich an dar mdem Badaxe befinden; sie liegen in der Mitte nnter dem Bmfffcenel nnd entücfae» sidf dolrer dem 4nbftek; snglddi sind auch je swei «nd nrei Badir einer Bcite dnrak Stange« terbmidai'» sodass «fie Bewegkmft» statt a^ sM^^nnf vier Bader übergetragen nnd die Grosse der Reibung des Wagens an der Schiene verdoppelt wird. Dorek eine Qnerstanp:e am Ende der Kolbenstange , welche in einer Leitung geht 9 wird der Paraiieltsmus der Bewegung gesichert. Der. Fttierlmstcn m besteht aus einem doppelten Metallgeiass mit einem Spidrtmme von olmgcltahr 4'^; dieser Zwischenraum ist mit Was- stf gefiJk, Vitlches in freier Vcrbindnng aut dem Kessel steht; unten befindet sidi Anfiiaiwie den BMnamleriais ein gagttterter Boden von etwa 9 Oberfläche ' Die BAncUMamner bai o nnd der Schorn- stein bei d bestehen ans Eisen mkd sind nnentb^rUch , mn die durch die Röhreu getriebene Flogasche aufzurieb»*e», Rauch und Dampf abzu- führen und dadurch de« für das Feuer nöthigen Zug hervorzubringen. Ben DHmpf» weicher gewirkt hat, kann man ebenfalls in den nachfol- gendem WasserbeiMUier bUisenj nm dadurch das Speisewasscr des Kes« tele Im Voraus wm, edbitnen. Das WagengeiUlie Mdit iMveUml ana Gnaieisen, gew5hnlich aus Hob} et nda auf dan MßA tragt die game Bfaschmerie^ weswegen Digitized by Google 422 W muk tro mi^fkk anf Fedm iidht, mn die Stosse so oBsduUUicii ^all~ aMgüdk SB andieii. CleirSUick rolMi die Wagn «öl Ykr, ciiii0e änf Mfiht Bidm; die BSdcr feibtt »id aber enineder alle anf gldcke Art gefertigt, etwa Ton 5' Pordiniewery oder das dae Paar bt etwa um 1' niedriger. Die Naben uüd Reifen werden aus Gusseisen, die Speichen aber aus Schmiedeeisen gefertigt, obgleich zuweilen die Bader wie das GesteUe grösstentheüs aus Holz gefertigt sind. Man glaubte die Dampf'^ wagen dadnrch verbessern zu können, dass man die Anzahl der KoUmii* spiele venaiiidcrtey dagegen den Badem einen groiwtn IHnchneaier gab, um an Totalgesehwindigkait nichts an Teriieren; all^ ein Teiincli»<'bei wdcbeni oun £e Bader 6^ hoA nnehle, leigte, dast dadurch eine an- gleiche Bewegung hervorgebracht, die Gefahr aber, dass daa Kad zu- sammenbricht oder von der Bahn abweicht , bedeutend vermehrt wird. werden daher bei der Liverpool - Manchester - Eisenbahn jetzt nur.^ Bader von Durchmesser gebraucht. Die grösste Geschwindigkeit, die man mit Dampfwagen luftleer auf ebenem Boden bis jetat Imt eneichen kennen, Irt 60 Meilen in der Stnnde. Der Pirnnti lanft ndt aeinen Was- aefbefailtcr foa liveipool bii IbnchcfUr in 45 Hinaten» oder 40 Molen in der Stande» wobei die Enieigung der schiete Ebana «und Neben- lunderoisäe mit eingerechnet sind. ' , Bei gutem Wetter hängen die Bader besser an den Schienen an als bei schlechtem, sobald aber die Schienen einmal uass oder schmuzig sind, suchen die Bäder über sie hinzugleiten, statt sich andrehen» wo-, bei eine Last nnr mit vieler Schwierigkeit fortgeaogen werden kanp. Na^ Yeiahehen Ton Bootb belriigt die Adhfiäon der Bidar an den Schienen teibst bei der nngonstlgiten BcMhaffenheit der Icbtem noeh y» von der Last, wdche die ^ider tragen. Bei kalter Witterung wird vor dem eigentlichen Blaschiuenwagen ein anderer hergeschoben, welcher Eis und Reif von den Schienen entfernt. Wenn der Dampf in die Esse gelassen und der Brems angewendet wird , um den Wagen anzuhalten, ao Ter^eht gewöhnlich noch eine Zeit von 40 — 60 Secunden , bevor alle' Bewegung aalhört» jedoi^ ist dies^Zeit natfiilich von der Beschaffenheit der Schienen nnd der Geschwindigkeit» die dier Wagen bereils erlangt hatte» abhängig. Acht oder sehn Ifiasclunen sbd fnr gewohnlich auf dci* Bahn thatig » jede von ihnen nadit tagKch viermal den Weg zwbchea Liverpool und Manchester ; mit eintretender Nacht wird die Masduoe ausgeblasen und während der Nacht durchgängig gereinigt An betdeo Endpunkten der Bahn befinden sich Maschinenwerkstatten, in welchen die Maschinen unter Aufsicht eines Maschinenmeisters repaiirt werden; im Gauen sind etwa 200 Mann mit Unteihaltang nnd AnsbcNening de« Digitized by Googl 423 bttduUligt Täglich ftUdi M in Ihm^fm^m Ucom Re- paraturen \0Ty jedodi kenoeii iie «Imgeühr 8 MeiMite ttiti|f Min, bevor eine Haoptreparatur ßöltiiij; wird. Der Vulkan , eiae ÄLasckiae erster Klasse, hatte 47000 Meilen und der k\reßy 50<X)0 Meilen zurück^'elegtj bcffoc aie wegen einer Uauptreparatur in die Maschineawerkstatt gezo? g«A stt werden brauchten. Nach den Rechnungen der Bifoibahn-Co»* pagnie betragt die Aufgabe Dar Datnpftmll, nigcrechnet die Kosten ntner Maschinen, jährlich die bedeutende Sanme von 28000 Pitt. St» wahrend bei der Stekton- wid Darlington -Eisenbehn, wo doch dieKa^ schinen in Bezug auf vor)heilhafte Construction denen zwischen Liver- pool und Mauchester angewendeten nicht unbedeutend nachstehen, sehr weniger Reparatur bedürfen. £s scheinet dies darin seinen Grand zu haben y dass auf jener Bahn die gewöhnliche Geschwindigkeit 8 Meilen uiidK! Stande^ Aul dieser dagegen 25 in der Stunde» also aber das JMMkmUifä^^' woMs sieh eigeben wncde» dass die Abnntinng In sCnrisMlUainiiM mit de^ Geschwindigkeit soninunt Obgleidi wutäiA der Wagen über eine ganz ebene Oberfläche läuft, so ist er doch, selbst wenn er In Federn hängt, stets in zitternder und schwankender Bewe- gung, welche mit zunehmender Geschwindigkeit so gross werden kann» dass sie einem daran nicht Gewöhnten Besorgnis« einflösst. 7|^yi>ie Maschinen sweiter Klasse dienen hauptsiichlich som Waaren-* tmiparte, nnd liehea gewohnttch 20 betadene Wagen, Jeden Tonnen Gciridil, nnt einer mittlem Geschwkdigfceil; von 20 Kdkn in der Stunde in jedem Punkte der Bahn, mir die beiden' oft erwihnten geneigten Ebenen ausgenommen, durch welche ihre Wirkung um '/j ver- mindert wird ; weswegen sie auch genöthlgl siiid^ ihre Last in zwei oder drei Abtheilungen hinaufzascbaü'en und sich dabei immer noch einer dcc beiden fiäUsmaschinen dritter Klasse »i bestimmen. Nichtsdestoweniger legen sie dtn Tagereise von Liverpool nach Xanchestcr In ohngelahr 2 SInadan suruck. Der fWrjf aog einmal awolf beladete Wagen, Je^en mi Sy« Tonnett, nnt Beihiilfe der H&Usmaschine die geneigte Ebene IV2 Meile lang bei Whiston hinauf; unten hatte er eine Cieichwindig- keit von M) Meilen, und an der Höhe angekommen nur noch eine Ge- schwindigkeit von 2 Meilen in der Stunde. Um das Verbältaiss des randes lu der geförderten Last und Frachtgeld an be* die Beobachtung dienen^ dam der Alim$ in ehier bestimm* tea Zeit 47 Wagen hennluhrte, was ebe Ladung von 160 Topnen gibt; das Firachtgeld der Compagnie betragt dafdr 70 Pfd. St oder auf den Wagen 1 Pfd. 10 Shilling. Da nun die Verbrennung von ' 3 \\y Kok r^j^eo4co DaiDpf eneligt, um eine Xooae eine MeUe weit »u fuhren Digitized by Google bei einer Geschwindigkeit, wie sie hier gebräuclilich ist, so werden zuoi Transport eipcr Tonne von Liverpool nach Muneiicstcr 15it> ^ Preise Iren 2 enTgewtedet ■ Des BreniiiiMiteriii vermfadil dcnnadi ür cbien TreM^ort ven 160 Temwe . anf ditK Enthrmng dae. Aoihge von 1 Pfd. lOSbltg., wabräid das Fbvciitgeld 70 Pfd. betragt, sodaM der Hauptaufwand neben den Zinsen des Anlagecapitals in der Unter- lialtuog der Bahn und Maschinen besteht. Die geringem Personenwagen legen den Weg in 2 Stunden zurück, halten aar Bequemlichkeit der Passagiere unterwegs ncnnzehnmal an, wenn et ndtbig ist, wo Bat&rHcli bei jeder Station ein Wichter is^ wel- cher dttrcb fothe Fahnen am Tage, durch Lichtsigliale in der Nacht, angibt, ob das Anhalten nSthig ist; ein Zug dieser gewöhnlich offenen Wagen besteht gewohnlich ans sehn bis zwölf Wagen , jeder zu 24 Per- sonen. Das Personeogeld auf eiuem offenen W ageo ist 4 Sh. , auf ei- nem bedeckten 5 ^h- 0 D. Ausserdem findet noch eine Verbindung durch einen andern Wageuzug statt, welcher aus achtsehnsitzigen be* deckten Wagen nad einem swöUiritzigen Postwagen besteht, unterwegs nor einmal an Newton anhält, «m Kok ond Wasser eananehBien , mnA seinen Laaf in Stunde foUendat. Das Peraonengeld hostet hier 6 Sh. 6 D. im Postwagen und 5Sh. 61k ifi jedem andern. Uebtigena hat jeder Passagier 6ö tt) Gepäck Äel und 'aablt Är jeden Coitner Ueberfracht 3 Sh. D iä Frachtgeld für einen vierräderigcn Wagen ist 20 Sh., für einen zweiräderigen 15 Sh., für ein Pferd 10 Sh,, fnr zwei 18 Sh-, l&r diei 22 Sh. Der tätliche Verkehr auf der Eisenbahn beläuft skh im Dofthschnitt auf 1020 Passagiere und 640 Tonnen Qut« Bö jeder MascMne baflodct' sieh enr MascMnenmaistcr und Heiler, dte tigw Heb 5 Sh. und 2 Sh. 6 0. erbaMc». . Um R^gdmlssigkeit im Wbim herbeiz utübren, mnss der Masffcinemwei^ liir Jede 15 HiHutenr woiebci er vor seiner bestimmten Zeit anlangt, eiae Strafe von 2 Sh, 6 D. zah-, len. Bei den Personenwagen befinden sich ausserdem zwei Aufseher. UngiäcksfiUle lallen bei weitem seltener vor als man glauben möchte, da das grosse Gewicht die Wagen hmdert» Ton den Schienen «r spiin- geir, und die bewegte Last einen so grossen Trieb eriangt , dam sie Mbst bedeutende Hhideniisse liberwindet Uebtigens hat man auch, unt Ungl&eksfStte un terfailten, die gehörigen Vonlehtsmaässregeln getroffen, z. B. die eine Bahnlinie für die nach Liverpool, die andere für die nach Manchester gehenden Wagen bestimmt. Die Angelegenheiten der Cont- pagnle werden durch zwölf Directoren geleitet, welche halbjähnge Rech- nung aber Einnahme nnd Ausgabe ablegen eine Dividende von 9 pC. iviid durdi^ sie jetit bcmddt Die Baba wvd swar .mir den Tag über Digitized by Google m bcMitirty koimle bImt oliae wraeo Aafimdl ejbemo gnt auch des Nadits zum WaareDtraiis|>orle benutzt werden, woilurcli «ich eine befieutcade SkigeruBg der Eionahnse würde eriuo^en lassen. Edinburg, am 25^ Vtkt^ ld36, vorgelesen vor der GesclUcbaDt für Kunst und VVisMnKhnil in Scboltlapdr Eäim^. PMm^ Jwrm. Nach <!cn neuesten amerikanischen Blattern sind in den vereini<^icn Staaten bereits 47 Eisenbahnen vollendet, 137 theib im Werke, IheiU nin* beplant; unter denselben befindet «ich eine von 275 engl. Meilen Laoge» Hierbei S«l m bemeriten, dasfl, da das amcrikanVKhe Biien m weich. Hob dagegen un Ueberfluase Torhanden und bei dem hohen Ar«. bekslohne auch weniger kostspielig m bearbeiten ist, die Constroction ^ne von der in Engl;uul gebräuchlichen abweichende ist, welche dem Anscheine nach sich für Deutschlaiul auch aniiehmlu her macht. Es wer- den nämlich bei dieser Constructinn in der Linie der Gleise Holzlager gelegt, die auf den früher erwähnten Querschwellen eingeschnitten und lestgdicilt iiud und einen recfatwiniLeiigen QuefschniU haben« Auf der ebern Seite dieser Unterlager mhen dann an dem dein Fahrraoine no- gckdMcn Rande die Eisenschienen, welch« die Form breker und «renig hoher Eisenstäbe haben. Die Räder werden auf dieser Blsenbabn eben- falb dadurch festgehalten , dass sich an ihnen ein ziemlich weit vor- ragender Rand betindet, wie bei den Rädern auf <ler ciiglischen Schie- nenbahn. Das Holzwerk dieser Bahnen muss im Durchschnitt von 7 sn 7 Jahroi cmenert werden, i^udand,) lieber Malzsprjij};^ von Dr. L« F. Blet und Fr, Otto. Bereitung : 60 ^ trockne oder 100 ü^- passe Kaitoffditarke wur- den mit 200 Maass siedendem VV. behandelt, indem die Stärke mit kal- tem VV- an einem d (Innen Brei ^gerührt und dann, nachdem das Feuer Nater dein Kesfel zuvor entfernt war, au dem siedenden W. gegossen ]ni4 iO' lange tüchtigj aril c)eni||eiben durchgerührt wurde, bis der Kleister duvchavf gWcMitiik ^Nm m ^ nnbede«^end«r Kiaftanfmid M 4m ijpmtfkf^ V^im eifpidcflkh. Madi den AhkaMen der Masse apf 40^4b* wurden aif obige Jl^nge Stai^aKoU 3V>^4 Melzea = 12'/ 4 — 14 tb halbtrocknes, in einem Morser gestossenes Mals mgesetzt. Schon nach 4 — 10 Minuten zdgte die Masse die Consistenz de* Wasser«, und die T^peratnr der Flüssigkeit stie^ bei dieser V'er- Digitized by Google 426 sie nl^ sä ^ocb steigen und Ktdbcr in dw ktMsün^ gditti' mi lawcn, Vm wurde die Flibngkeil bd ekier Temp. von 45 — 55* R 8 — 10 Stuoden lang stehen gelassen, dann dnlrcli ein Sieb (oder besser durdi einen Sjiitzbeutel) ge.^eiht und zum Absetzen in ein hohes Cyiiiiderglas gegossen, nach völliger Klärung (die übrigens besi^er während des Sie- den« durch Eiweiss geschieht) die Flüssigkeit hell abgezogen , zur Sj* n|iicooMsteiis eingcdam|>ft und in Faiteni anfbewnhrt. Dde 50 tb Starke gaben io gegen 72 tb dicken Syrap Ton gEocfer Klarheit Der Pro-. eets niiailiugt selten, und dann liegt et meist an der na geringen Menge des Mafases; Die Verf. niftcbten aodi nodi IblgeAden Berettongsversnch : Auf 10 tb frisches, gedörrtes und zerstüssenes MüIä wurden 60 Maasa W. von -|- 30** R in einen Kessel gebracht, zu 48 R erhitzt und -j50 tb Stärke alimäiig zugesetzt; jiachdcm die Temp. auf 56°gestiegea war, irarde die Masse steif^, aacb ^Minuten aber wieder dünn. Nach- deni man sie 3 Standen lang auf 50t-6Ö** erlmtten batte, wurden jJb gepulverte KaodienkoUe eingerührt und nach daiger Zeit filti(irt, waba der Syrup sehr klar, aber -fengsam darehfief. Nach dem Emkodien und Klärcu mit Eiweiss wurden 45 \iy eines sehr süssen, bernsteinfarbigeo und reineren SyTuj*s, als der erste war, erhalten. Auch der ridch der ^ten Methode bcreiltete Sgsmff , der einen. nichi juigeoehmen Mi^Ug^ jchmack hatte, wurde aum grpssea Theile yon dietem .befrei^ y >in4e|9 man- ihn nnl 2 Tb. heNMi W« verdiinnte . und dur^h Knc»chefikoh|f flirirta. ' An dem lo erhaltenen Syrnp fanden die Verf. die Bemerkung von Lüdersdorf, dass er schwer in Gährung zu bringen sei, nicht beitätigt ; bei einem Versuche , der in einer Temp. von 26 ° R angestellt wurde, war die Gehrung nach 60 Stunden vorüber. Beftimmung des Zucker- nnd Gummi-Gehaltes: 720Th, des sdr eoneentrirten Malujrrups wurden mit Alkohol von 0^40 a|i.G«w, digerirt nnd 5ftert nmgesehfittelL Ale der AlkohoF nichti mehr anfiiahm» wurde fiMrirt, das auf dem füter Mmhawlc Ctami mit echwSdierem Al- kohol wohl ausgewaschen und getrocknet, die Losung geKnde verdunstet, der Rückstand nochmals mit Alkobol tob 0,815 spec. Gew. behandelt, die Losung filtrirt und abgedampft , wobei der Zocker in gelUichea Krystallen erhalten wurde. Aua den 720 Th. Sjrrup erhielt man so 185 Th. festen Zucker und 232 Xh. Ibtet Gummi» daher 303 Xh. lur Warner bleiben. ^ Eigeitsehaften dea Zuckere i gelbbiuaii» nadenfM krystaili^ tötAy SUssigkeit gegen Behrincker durch Verenche bfnthnmt wie 1 : 1 (?), im Feuer erhitzt, ä&fangs den Geruch des verbreimeAdeA Rohrzuckers, Digitized by Google 427 spater einen säuerlicheo entwickelnd, sich stark aufblähend , mit starker Flamme und Hinterlassung einer leichten netzförmigen Kohle und Spu- ren einer erdigen kalkhaltigen Asche vei brennend. Durch trockne Destil- lation dieselben Producte wie Rohrzucker gebend. Mit Ferment in Wein- gahning übergehend. In kaltem W. und Weingeist leicht löslich. Von rauchender Salpeters, in der Kälte wenig angegriffen ; mit verdünnter Salpeters, erhitzt Aepfds. und Klees liefernd; von concentr. Schwefels, in der Kälte fast nicht verändert; in der Wärme schwefelige S., Essigs, und Kohlenabsatz hervorbringend; mit Aezkali in der Wärme sich an- fangs grünlich, dann bräunlich färbend und endlich verkohlend. • Eigenschaften des Gnmmi. In Masse gelbbräunlich, durch- scheinend, im Pulver schmuzigweiss , geruchlos , sijsslich schleimig schme-' ckrnd, im Feuer unter Ausstossung eropyreumatischer, reizender Dämpfe sich aufblähend, mit Flamme brennend und eine geringe Menge Kohle gebend, die bei der Einäscherung wenig kalkhaltige Asche hinterliess; bei der trocknen Destillation sich dem Zucker ähnlich verhaltend; in W. leicht loslich, durch Alkohol ans dieser Lösung fällbar; in Alkohol völ- lig unlöslich. Mit gewöhnlicher Salpeters, in der Wärme etwas Klees., mit rauchender Salpeters, bittere Substanz gebend ; von Schwefels, in der Kälte nicht angegriffen, in der Wärme verkohlt. Die wässerige Lösung, verhält sich gegen Reagentien folgcndermassen : ' • Sogleich: Nach 12 Stunden: Nichts granröthlicher Niederschlag geringe wolkige Trü- bräunlicher Niederschlag bung wolkige Trübung wolkige Trübung Salpeters. Silber Essigs. Blei Salzs. Eisenoxyd Salzs. Zinnlösung wolkiger Niederschlag * bräunlicher Niederschlag Salzs. Quecksilberoxyd wolkiger Niederschlag (Sublimat) Goldlösiing Kalkwasser /geringe Trübung wolkige Trübung Galläpfeltinctnt violetter Niederschlag starker wolkiger Nieder- schlag , während die über- stehende Flüssigkeit fast ungefärbt erschien graubrauner Niederschlag. * wolkige Trübung In Bezug auf die technische Brauchbarkeit dieses Syrups wurden nun folgende Versuche angestellt: Bestimmung der Alkoholmenge, welche dieser Syrup liefert. Eine gewogene Menge des Syrups wurde mit der dreifachen Menge W. und etwas guten Hefen in Gährung gesetzt, und zugleich 428 mit braunen Üdlländischen Ztickersyrop imcl weissem Syinp von bekann- tem Znekergehalt , welche zuvor mit <lcm Maksymp m( gleii^es spec. Gewicht gebracht wurden, vergleichende Versuche angestellt. Aus üen gegohrenen Flüssigkeiten wurde der Alkohol abdestilli^, die Destillate itectificirt md Voa aUea gleidie Mengen DesäMnt erhalteii. £• entiMl ia i€0 TIteSleii: das IMIII«t dea ireiaaen Zuekeiayrnp« 15 AtteM » . : ^ braMen haillDd. Symps 09 - - des' Bf ahes^pa -lO" - " Bestimmung der Süssigkeit. Directe durch Versusssung von Speisen abgestellte Versuche gaben folgendes Resultat: Üan besuchte, um gleiche Mengen auf gleiche Susaigheit zu bringet^ Toa MafaBijni|i 12 Tb. • hoUand. Syinp 5 * <- UeUsa iicfcer 3. Versrn'el auf Bierbereitung. Ein nach allen Regeln der Kunst mit diesem Malzs^rup dargestelltes Braunbier gab eiu nur leidliches Re- sultat. Das Bier schmeckte» als ob sich der Hopfen ni^ mit der Wärze vereinigt hätte« .. Versvcb ««£ Essigbereitang. i Hu des Sfnv» nk. 3 Tb, W« vcrdüiuit und mittels Hefe tu Gihni«g gebra^, nach ToUeiiile^ ^tcr WdngShrungy bell abgezogen uid auf ditt GtadislaiMv dnerSchnell- cssigfabrik gebracht, einen starken, angeneJini schmeefcendeii Essig» ' Versuch auf Darstellung der Kleesäure. 6 Tb. des mog-^ lichsl weit efagedsckteo Sjmps invdea im einer Retorte mit 32 Tb. tti^ ner Salpeters, von 1,120 sp. Gew. nbcfgosse», und so lange erbits^ als noch falbe Dfimpfe Teil salpetriger Säure bemellit Warden, Durch Ab- 'dunste» DfukrfstaHSsiren des Rudutandes eHdelt man % Tb; kty- stallisirte Kleeäüure. Die rückständige Flüssigkeit enthielt mchts Anderes als Aepfelsaure, (Jvurn, /, j^r.Chem. JV. />.282 — 287.) ' AnwcnJling des Te^rüs znr GasbeleachtaDg^ von Merle. Dass man durch DestUlatioa des Toris ein zur Beleuchtung taogUcbes - Gas gewuuien könne , ist sdion Kngere Zeit bekannt gewesen doeb. Ilaben alle Versuebe^ diese Art der Gasgewitttung im Gamma ausaufiUi- ren, an dem Umstände scbeitem müssen^ ^ss das Gaa durch eine Menge feia zertheilter Kohle verunreinigt war, weiche sich in den Leitungsröh^ ren ab Huss absetzte, und einerseits diese verstopfte, andererseits aber anf diese W<6ise dem Gase einen grossen Tbeil seiner Leuchtkraft entitog. Digitized by Google Der Verf., bei einer Proviii»lil-OMbeleMdi(iiiig8-6«ielMall fit Diraclit fungirend, nahm die Veriiicbe über tüesen Gegenstand vviedex auf und gelangte zum Ziele. Wenn man , nach dem Verf. , bei der Desüilation des Toris ebenso verfäbBL.iae bei der du Steiiikaia!e% «irb» swei Stun- «ien und driiber erhitst, ao erbdll man aus 1000 Kiiognunmen 8000 eines idiwaddciiehtciideii nnd ftusierst reichlich mit jenem Kohlenstanbe bciadeiiett Gmc^ wMm nwar dweh Yft lieb f6ii4gM Wm^ Mnü äb^ bedeutend an LedcMkraft terlor. DestiHirt man aber nnr '/« Stoildell lang, so erhalt man ans 1000 Kilogrammen 5500 c' eines gaoz reinen Gases, welchem ein stärkeres und weit weisseres Licht geben soll, als das Kohlengat oder Oeigas. Zur völligen Beiuigung desselben bat der VmL mnuk eigmn, augicidi ab CoadeMator dienenden Apparat aonstruirty wclehcr iS Behren hibi, deren Jede In einem Reservoir niit flteMendem stiiht, wndiiffA das Gti aehta^mal schnell durch W. pas.tren mussy sodaiif es gereiaigi wird, ohne doch an Kohlenstoff an wKeren; ehe das Gas aud diesen Rubren in die Gasometer gelangt, tniiss es durch zwei Schich- ten trocknen Kalk streichen. Man erhiilt es auf diese Weise in einer soicben Keinbeit^ dass es ohne Beschwerde dngeathmet werden kann. Durch <Uese Verfahrungsart wird *war der Men^ nach '/4 des Torfl geopfert, dieses Viertheil w&rde aber nach der alten Methode nur ge* dient haben, auch die übrigen 3 Vie:theile an Yerder^en» und Qberdemi iberwiegen die ans der bedeutenden Leuchtkraft das gewaiwieaen Gases hervorgehenden Vortheilü j ucn N ichtheil bedeutend; dazu kommt, dass die nach tler alten Methode vum Turfe zurückbleiben den Cokes zu Nichts zu gebrauchen waren., dagegen die Cokes der vorliegenden Methode^ sobald man sie nur sogleich nach dem Ausziehen^ aus dem Ofen auS" la||!^ mehr werlh sind, als der Tor( selbst kostet, mdtm m ein aeht Üdk entiiiadliches^ starker als die beste Holakohle hitaendes, munaM^^ Ikk fir Küchen selir' bfanehbareft Drennmatefial abgeben. Deher ist bei diesem Gase nur die Heizung und das Tagelohu anzuschlagen, was nuf 1000 c' Gas , welche mehr als 30 Lichten ents|jrechen , nur 2 Fr* betrogt. l)ie Kosten der ersten Einrichtung sind freilich etwas bedeutender« und da es 0hne dnigen Ndchtheä nicht wohl angeht, die DestillatinA nnc au Reiten stattfinde« an Mssen, so ist dodi auch diese Gasbelenchtnog nur in grossem llaasatabe mit Vorlheil jinsanfiihren. Für Städte aber, welche keine Steuikohlen, aber viel Torf in der ifSk% haben, dürfte die Torfgasbeleuchtung sieb setir empfehlen. Nach dem Verf. kann man für 30000 Fr. eine kleiüe Werkstatt, einen Gasometer und Leitungsrohren von franz. Meilen Länge hersteilen. Pie zur Darstellung dea^ Gases, nöthigen fiinrichtnngea .dürften,, den erwähnten ^ Digitized by Google 4ao BdiiigangBappBfBt aujgenoflnrien, tm 4tm g«wolMiMe» ridrt «bsit- deichen brauchea* {Joum, det connaU*. usuell. Mai 183ü. p. 234 — 236). / ^ AUincrt JWittljriiunflcn. Benattung der S§rieri$ (Saaerdoro, BerbiBbcerenstraocIi*) s«m Färben. Der Farbeatoff dicflffs. Strauchs ist in dem Holze, namentlidi der Wurzel , enthalten ; man geniant ihn durch Auskochen des Q.olte0 in W. <1 tb a dankelbraunen £itracts), Abdampfen des Auszugs^ Auflösen in Alkohol und Abdampfen, wodurch er als glänzendes, gleich- formig gelbes, in Acther und Oelen ebenfalls lösliches Extract erhalten wird. £r wird von Chlor und concentr. halpeters. geröthet, durch Zinn- •alz nicht aus seinen Losongen gefallt , wol aber dorcfa Galläpfel. Er ist bisher nur zum Gelbfarben des Leders benutzt worden, vielleicht liesse er sich auch auf Zeugen befestigen nnd zum Färben des Papiers benutzen. (Preu88. Handels- u. Gewerhszeit. 1835. Nr. 34.) Schnelligkeit der üampfwageu. Folgende Zusammenstel-» lung schneller Bewegungen ist , obgleich auf nur ohngefahren Angaben beruhend, doch interessant, inden sie ohngefahr die Stelle anzeigt, wekke die Dampfwagen - Geschwindigkeit einnimmt : Eine Eitrapost legt zurück in der Secuade 7 Fuss ■ ; ■ ' Eine Krähe ..... 32 - Ein Dampfwagen - - - • 40 - Ein Zog wilder Gänse - - • - 120 - Else Sckwfllbe . . ^ . 123 « Eine KttMoenkugel - . « ISOO « BtnetelegTaphiHdieNaclKidt • • 3703 ^ Dcniiiacli lal ,mi int dem Dampfwara dte Sdindligkeit der Krabe bereiti übettroffen und ohngeßhr 2'/t p€. der GeachwiBdigkeit einer Kanonenkugel «mtckt, (JVmim« BmM»^ imd OtmwUn^Uimg. 1835^ Nr. 36 ) GlaafoBrniere. Der Glaser Bapbk \m Hof hat Glatfoomiere er- funden, welche, mit einer Oelbeize überzogen, dem fifahagoniholze völ- lig ähnlich sind, und, mit einem Oelkltt auf das Holz befestigt, einen unzerstörbaren Glanz haben, sehr elegant und schön aussehen. Beson- ders zweckmässig sind in dieser Manier gearbeitete Bilder- und Spiegel- rahmen; aber auch Licht- und Ofenschirme, Uhrgehäuse u. s. W. können auf diese ^eise gefertigt werd^ (Leo c HS* poljfK Zstf. 1835. Nr. 14.) • Die preüis. Handels- n. Gewerbszeitung gebraucht den deutschen Namen Saueraoipferi unser« Wissens kommt dieser Naae dei Berbsri» nirgends, * wol aber fhil «benH dta JliMMMilMi'aiL' D. Eed. . Yei^ag fOB I^eopeld Yeia ia Leipiig. Digitized by Google 8. Jnli 183 5. IHHAI*T. Verbesfiertingen an Daropfmaschlnea. Des Bierbrauerq Oerie Gebeimraittel. Ueber die Oxydation der Buchdruckera^iriften, Ton Dr, Uee* reiL XJcber einige Gegenstände der Ijedergerherei. Kl.. AIiTTH. Schweinehaare als Surrogat der Pferdehaare. Feststehende Fenert^ritaen. GrasBe V«re1^chung des dslraicMscheii Maesses mit dem fran- xdsiscben. - R o b i s o n*a Bohrer und Schraubenschneidczeug. Verfälacbung des Neublaus. Fabrikation von Kartoffelnudeln. Verwandloog abgeschabter nad schanziger Maroquioschuhe in neae schwarze Schuhe. Verbesseniiigeii an Damptmascliinen. Obgleich die Behandlung der Dampfmaschinen in ihrem ganzen Um- fange nicht in den Bereich unsers Blattes gehört, so werden wir doch ▼OD Zeit zu Zeit eine Ziisammenstelliiog der hauptsächlichsten in die^ um Fache Torgenommenen Verbeaserongen geben und heginnen hier mit der ersten: 1. JAUfta FiusB« iieas sich am 8. Hai 1833 die Einricblung eines Dampfkessels patentiren, welcher rechltwinkdig auf «eine Äxe einen el- liptischen Querschnitt hat, in dessen Mitte sich, allseitig vom Wasser umgeben, die Feuerung befindet, von welcher aus in Röhren, von dem Kessel durch eine Wasserschicht gelrennt, ein- oder mehrmal wieder nach BDteo steigend, der Rauch weggeleitet wird. Der Kessel ist Tor- lagKch Inr Dampfwagen bestimmt 2. Chakles Wbbb. Davcb's Patent anf Kessel für Dampfwagen vom 20. August 1833 ist aus beifolgender Abbildung ersichtlich. Der Kessel ist ein Röhrenkessel; bei dd tritt das kalte Wasser in die hori- zontal liegenden Seitenröhren , tritt dann durch die Qucrröhrcn a a in' die schief aofiteigenden b 4, wo es am meisten erhitzt wird, in die Knie- ft&clM*f#9 wekhe dnrch die senkrechten Röhren c mit den horizon- late inY^rtiintog st^en; dar namentlich in den Röhren 6ö ge- .... 28 Drgiiizea by LaüOgle bildete Dampf ^«hi mm durch // nach den hf rvtntfl«! J(p^ii09 gg^ mu weldieii er in* die Matchine geleitet wird. . Die Quer- röhren f« bilden zugleich die Roatf^bey Hj)d dw 0Aiize Kussel ist mit emcm G^- biuse umgeben, welches so wenig als mög-* lieh Hjti^e ableitet. Die Haaptwirkung die- ses jCeiadii beruht darauf, dass durch An- •bfiiignpg idiieliw Bohren. 4^ ^eS^ mufg dea W^Mera bewirkt wird, wodurch ^ ^ ^ es «I piaierer Anfhahme der Warme ge- dgnet wu>d, und dass die erweHerien Kuiestücken ee, aus welchen das weniger erwärmte Wasser wieder durch c nach • sinken kann, die Scheidung des Wassers vom Danij»fe be^üqstigen. {Land, Jeurn^ ld35. ^aMl>.3aiu,m). Jw» Lmoir'a Fatciit auf »einea «etbeasertea Dam|ifkesiel im :^9. Jwuar 1633: Die IBiuridiMing a^nnea Kcs^ üt aus bdg^ lugtem Verticaldttrclischuitt enkhtlidi, in welchem sich bei « die Ei». feuerung befindet, von wo aus die Flamme und Bauch durch die Züge b b um dit Wasserkamm eni herumgeleitct, und endUch durch den Trichter g in die Esse h fiihrt frird» #>ad henaentale Waaser* ham^mi,; wische alA di^ gam rispfttflj^ VMit dea Kessfis ausbreiten, den Punkt ausgenommen, wo der I^iuch durch sie abgeführt wird ; d d sind dagegen yffticalq Wasserkammern». Weiche reihen- weise zwischen den ers^. f;eflfdpei smdk Auf diepe Art ist eipe ach» gfopse Waaa«t^] fißik^ der Einwirkung d^ Feuere . na^ licffaef nn^etat , und di^r dmikirek. eracu^e Dampf tritt in den Dampikasten e und ans diesem ^mh das Bohr / in die Maschine. (X<o«(f./oiim. iforcÄ. i835. 376 ) 4. Macbrons und Jons Squi^b^j am |8. Jali 1^33 pafteotiiler Danpfkesid ist aln fiir Dampfwngen beftlmmicr BnteMkemel, d« '«ir IneinarAh^iManf nük der isomlMM PamiMfatt'^ adllkey^ ♦ Wir sehen uns gen5thict, in Bezug auf die Bedeutung der isometrischen M laain#imaiKis«hea PenpecOve^ nach dc^a Aagahi. njvh^ vialot Ab? Digitized by Google t 433 10, wie er sich aus dem umsclilieBseüdeii Gehaiue geBonnea aiuneh- mea würde, a a ist eine Reihe von 9 yerticalen Bohren, weiche sowol obeiUb all noterhalb dorch Kiiw&-^ ttoe horiioiitale B5lireii mit «iaiB»^ der in Yerbindiiag stdiMiy md mrair^ 10 , dass die untern zngleidi die Roststäbe bilden; über den letztern iit zum Feuerraume dadurch Platz gewonnen worden, daai drei der per- pendicttlairen Bohren Tiik&nt aiad; iknlicbe ReibcB perpelidleBlaircr B^li»- tCA atehett nach der cntem iü 0, d o. 8. w., welche mit den vorher- gehenden ai/emal durch horizontale Querröhren verbunden den Wasser- behälter bilden , von dessen Mitte aus Flamme und erhitzte Luft zwi- •chen den aufgestellten Röhren circulirt, und endlich in die Este nhgo" filnt wifd. Ueber d«i Bohren ist 9k -ümgiklMillik'^^ iAnM, wM» Mk 4k tMaf^mt«^^ ¥etbinimigsr«i. «<en 4er perpendicnlairen wlnuiden 'M*^ml' tMiflk^ 4m erceugten IHnipf ClWt, wm ftn dier Maschine zuzuführen. Dass übrigens durch die äussere Hülle eine Zugangsröhre für kaltes Wasser, das Dampfrohr, ein Sicherheitsventil, ein Manometer und Vorrichtong zw Abnahme der Hohe des Wasserstandes hindurchgehen müssen, versteht sich fon aelbst (LmuLJmum. 1836. Jfore*. f.97B% ImMM^Mag. 1836« Jmt. p, 241 yt ito CoMtmelion dieece KeMeb beechrfeben «id dnrak Zdchanngen 4tar chnebMn IMin ihrer Veibin^g erifintert.) 5. Obglelcb Joeira M AmMi.BT'a mm 7« Oct, 1833 patentirter Dampfkessel viel Aehnlichkeit mit dem von Dr. CauRCQ hat, so thei- len wir ihn doch der Vollständigkeit halber, und weil wir vielleicht in Zukunft Gelegenheit finden dürften, uns auf denselben zvückzubeziehen» in bcifinlgender Abbüdo^g mit, in wdelier ein Tbeil neliit bildangea Hefern werden, auf eine bald nachfolgende auiführlicbe Mitthei- luDg der Regeln dieser Zeichnuogiart zu verweisen, in deren Aufnahme wir uns um so mehr verpAiehtet fühlen, da bei solshea Zeiahnungea die , ' .ipsaifcic# pltf^M^ viHW* Pn4 IMteomaasie eine leichte V«mlil- chnni; der Piaeadoneo gestatten, welche bei gewöhnlicher Perspewve nicht nSgllch lit, und da sich die w^tere Verbreitung dieser Zeichnungs* Art in BoglaDd durch bfseodars darüber erschien ene Werke uad die Am* Wendung deiaelben «nf nnnlicb wwidMlte Cjgenitinje, 1. 9, ganze OmiAm^ geegeaMlidie fteüib m nrtMwwn ^ 2$* üigiiized by Google 434 räume als Durchschnitt gezeicimet ist. a ist ein cylinderformiger Kewely nm welchen herum huhlcylinderförmig, von desto grusscnn Durchmesser, je weiter sie von Uun i^i^üegep, andere Wasserbehältniftse angebracht sind, sodaM simcheo je zwaen ein Spi^om bleibt, in welchein der^ bei.A ersengte lieitie Lnftiiroiii ' eirailirt» um daan in die Em« g »i gtÜMiiy Der dorch l^flliciliuig der Hitse In dea HoUcylindergefiMeii , welche atte bei k mit cioasder in Yerbiodung stehen, cifengCe Dampf laiBiiiclt sich in der Dampfkaromer t, imd tritt atis ihr durdi das Robr il ent« weder zu dem Einlassbahne der Maschine oder bei / in die Esse. Das Speisewasser gelangt mitteis des verticalen Rohres m und der horizon- talen Röhren » n in die verscbiedenea in einander befiadlic|ien .Gefässc. Die Dampfgefässe siad unten etwas weiter aUjobeii: um aber .auch .nicht die «mindeste strahkode Wärme »i veilieree , bestdien die Seiteiiwiii|4e uid die Deckendes Fc^erranam aus doppeiteii Boden, nwischep ,4«Dett. sieh ebenfSlis Wasser befindet, das dareh d sastrihnt and dnrdi'p sei-' nen entwickelten Dampf in das Dainpfgefass gibt, q Ut die Thür zum Au£ichiUten des Brennmaterials. {Lond. Juurn» March 1835. p. 379). 6* Wir theilen endlich , wegen der bequemem Yergleichung der TOihergdienden Kessel .mit denen, die für die ToUkommensten in ihrer Art gdialten werden und daher eine stete ABweodaiig findes, denKes« sei mity^ wdcker si^^aaf Rossxt.i.*s Dampfwagen befindct 'mid der Sick wcug tob dea BooTH*sdien nntersdeidely die bei den Daaspf- wagen auf der Liverpool - Manchester Eisenbahn angewendet werden.
| 48,380 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21778910
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Ṯêngaṟay
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 52 | 206 |
Ṯêngaṟay
Ṯêngaṟay
Ṯêngaṟay Geonames-ID 1434340
Ṯêngaṟay instans av flod
Ṯêngaṟay geografiska koordinater
Ṯêngaṟay land Afghanistan
Ṯêngaṟay inom det administrativa området Khost
Ṯêngaṟay GNS-ID 6207663
Ṯêngaṟay
rivier in Afghanistan
Ṯêngaṟay GeoNames-identificatiecode 1434340
Ṯêngaṟay is een rivier
Ṯêngaṟay geografische locatie
Ṯêngaṟay land Afghanistan
Ṯêngaṟay gelegen in bestuurlijke eenheid Khost
Ṯêngaṟay GNS Unique Feature-identificatiecode 6207663
| 34,894 |
4699614_1
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,021 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 313 | 639 |
NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUN 29 2021
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 21-30000
Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. No. 1:14-cr-00007-SPW-1
v.
MICHAEL CORY SEVERSON, MEMORANDUM*
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Montana
Susan P. Watters, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted June 21, 2021**
Before: SILVERMAN, WATFORD, and BENNETT, Circuit Judges.
Michael Cory Severson appeals pro se from the district court’s order
denying his motion for compassionate release under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i).
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we vacate and remand.
After the district court’s decision denying relief, this court held that the
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
current version of U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13 is not binding as applied to § 3582(c)(1)(A)
motions brought by prisoners. See United States v. Aruda, 993 F.3d 797, 802 (9th
Cir. 2021) (“The Sentencing Commission’s statements in U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13 may
inform a district court’s discretion for § 3582(c)(1)(A) motions filed by a
defendant, but they are not binding.”). Because it appears that the district court
treated U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13 as binding and denied Severson’s motion pursuant to
that guideline, we vacate and remand so the district court can reassess Severson’s
motion for compassionate release under the standard set forth in Aruda. See id.
We offer no views as to the merits of Severson’s § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i) motion,
and we need not reach his remaining arguments on appeal.
Severson’s motion for an extension of time to file his reply brief is granted.
The reply brief at Docket Entry No. 21 has been filed and considered.
VACATED and REMANDED.
2 21-30000.
| 46,447 |
https://github.com/westover/tchannel-python/blob/master/tests/test_crossdock.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
tchannel-python
|
westover
|
Python
|
Code
| 445 | 1,288 |
# Copyright (c) 2016 Uber Technologies, Inc.
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.
from __future__ import absolute_import
import time
import mock
import opentracing
import pytest
import tornado.web
import crossdock.server.api as api
from crossdock.server import server
from crossdock.server.api import Request, Downstream
from jaeger_client import Tracer, ConstSampler
from jaeger_client.reporter import InMemoryReporter
from tchannel import TChannel
from tornado.httpclient import HTTPRequest
def test_api_to_json():
r = Request(serverRole='s2',
downstream=Downstream(
serviceName='serviceName',
serverRole='s3',
encoding='json',
hostPort='localhost:123',
downstream=Downstream(
serviceName='serviceName',
serverRole='s4',
encoding='json',
hostPort='localhost:123',
downstream=None)))
api.namedtuple_to_dict(r)
@pytest.fixture
def app():
"""Required by pytest-tornado's http_server fixture"""
return tornado.web.Application()
# noinspection PyShadowingNames
@pytest.yield_fixture
def tracer():
tracer = Tracer(
service_name='test-tracer',
sampler=ConstSampler(True),
reporter=InMemoryReporter(),
)
try:
yield tracer
finally:
tracer.close()
PERMUTATIONS = []
for s2 in ['json', 'thrift']:
for s3 in ['json', 'thrift']:
for sampled in [True, False]:
PERMUTATIONS.append((s2, s3, sampled))
@pytest.mark.parametrize('s2_encoding,s3_encoding,sampled', PERMUTATIONS)
@pytest.mark.gen_test
def test_trace_propagation(
s2_encoding, s3_encoding, sampled,
app,
mock_server,
tracer,
http_server, base_url, http_client):
# mock_server is created as a fixture, so we need to set tracer on it
mock_server.tchannel._dep_tchannel._tracer = tracer
mock_server.tchannel._dep_tchannel._trace = True
server.register_http_handlers(app)
server.register_tchannel_handlers(mock_server.tchannel)
# verify that server is ready
yield http_client.fetch(
request=HTTPRequest(
url=base_url,
method='HEAD',
)
)
tchannel = TChannel(name='test', tracer=None, trace=True)
level3 = Downstream(
serviceName='python',
serverRole='s3',
encoding=s3_encoding,
hostPort=mock_server.hostport,
downstream=None,
)
level2 = Downstream(
serviceName='python',
serverRole='s2',
encoding=s2_encoding,
hostPort=mock_server.hostport,
downstream=level3,
)
with mock.patch('opentracing.tracer', tracer):
assert opentracing.tracer == tracer # sanity check that patch worked
span = tracer.start_span('root')
baggage = 'some baggage %d' % time.time()
span.set_baggage_item(api.BAGGAGE_KEY, baggage)
if not sampled:
span.set_tag('sampling.priority', 0)
with span: # use span as context manager so that it's always finished
with tchannel.context_provider.span_in_context(span):
observed_span = server.observe_span()
response_future = server.call_downstream(
tchannel=tchannel,
target=level2,
)
response = yield response_future
assert response.span == observed_span
assert response.downstream is not None
assert response.downstream.span == observed_span
assert response.downstream.downstream is None
| 24,449 |
https://github.com/roybailey/sample-kotlin-springboot/blob/master/src/main/resources/db/migration/V001__INIT.sql
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
sample-kotlin-springboot
|
roybailey
|
SQL
|
Code
| 23 | 56 |
CREATE TABLE books
(
id BIGINT GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
title VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
isbn VARCHAR(13) NOT NULL UNIQUE
);
| 8,437 |
2021/62021TN0807/62021TN0807_CS.txt_1
|
Eurlex
|
Open Government
|
CC-By
| 2,021 |
None
|
None
|
Czech
|
Spoken
| 329 | 938 |
C_2022073CS.01006701.xml
14.2.2022
CS
Úřední věstník Evropské unie
C 73/67
Žaloba podaná dne 29. prosince 2021 – QI v. Komise
(Věc T-807/21)
(2022/C 73/84)
Jednací jazyk: francouzština
Účastníci řízení
Žalobkyně: QI (zástupkyně: N. de Montigny, advokátka)
Žalovaná: Evropská komise
Návrhová žádání
Žalobce navrhuje, aby Tribunál:
—
zrušil rozhodnutí generálního ředitele GŘ „Lidské zdroje a bezpečnost“ ze dne 26. února 2021, kterým byla zamítnuta stížnost žalobkyně podaná podle článku 24 služebního řádu dne 25. října 2020;
—
v rozsahu, v němž je to nezbytné, zrušil rozhodnutí Komise ze dne 27. září 2021, kterým byla zamítnuta stížnost žalobkyně ze dne 26. května 2021;
—
uložil Komisi náhradu majetkové a nemajetkové újmy, která jí vznikla, i s úroky, ohodnocenou ex aequo et bono na 100 000 eur;
—
uložil Komisi náhradu nákladů řízení.
Žalobní důvody a hlavní argumenty
Na podporu žaloby předkládá žalobkyně pět žalobních důvodů.
1.
První žalobní důvod vycházející z toho, že zamítnutí žádosti o pomoc bylo předčasné, jelikož k němuž došlo bez zahájení šetření a aniž se vyčkalo na výsledek žádosti žalobkyně o přístup k zdravotnímu záznamu, a tedy v rozporu s právem být účinně vyslechnut před přijetím rozhodnutí.
2.
Druhý žalobní důvod vycházející ze zjevně nesprávného právního posouzení nedostatečnosti důkazů o existenci jednání, které je v rozporu se služebním řádem Evropské unie (dále jen „služební řád“). Žalobkyně tvrdí, že byla skutečně obtěžována a procesní lhůty byly příliš krátké a uplatňuje porušení článku 59 služebního řádu, který neumožňoval kontroly, jež byly v projednávaném případě provedeny lékařskou službou.
3.
Třetí žalobní důvod vycházející z porušení článku 41 Listiny základních práv Evropské unie, povinnosti pomoci a péče a práva žalobkyně na řádnou správu, jakož i práva na spravedlivé zacházení. Žalobkyně se dovolává rovněž porušení legitimního očekávání.
4.
Čtvrtý žalobní důvod vycházející z porušení práva být účinně vyslechnuta, jelikož před uzavřením spisu neměla možnost se vyjádřit ke skutečnostem analyzovaným Úřadem Komise pro vyšetřování a disciplinární opatření (IDOC).
5.
Pátý žalobní důvod vycházející z návrhu na náhradu majetkové a nemajetkové újmy, které jí vznikla.
| 47,199 |
sn97065763_1890-11-29_1_2_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,725 | 10,327 |
(Custer (fUvonicic.) JOSEPH KUIJLER, * PUBLISHER. The turkeys have full crops these days. There is an open suspicion that Jay Gould's first name is merely a bluff. He is no jay. The worst charge ever made against Buffalo Hill is that he has permitted his Indians to learn to smoke cigarettes. Thomas Boulanger Reed is still busily engaged in saying nothing. After all, it is the best thing he can do. The world's fair people in Chicago seem to be spending their time and the country's money in fighting among them selves. The Players' league, which was going to split the baseball firmament wide open, has followed many another good intention. It is dead. Iowa was the first state and Sioux City the first city in the country to take action looking to proper representation at the Columbian exposition. An educational authority says that the annual cost of teaching this country's school children is $122,455,252. As a rule, it is money well expended. Mayor Steele, of Marion, Ind., is $1,300 short in it is accounts and has tied. He is probably one of those people who “love to steal awhile away.” The registration in Iowa will be accurate in showing the exact number of voters registered. Only once in four years is this possible under our present election law. The greatest misfortune connected with Mrs. Leslie Carter's success on the stage, the Washington Post apprehends, is that it will start a regular stampede from the divorce courts to the drama. Another daughter of Chief Justice Fuller will be married on New Year's day. This one will not elope, but will be married at home and in great style. The groom to be is Hugh Wallace, of Tacoma. In her fear of being forgotten, the irrepressible Sarah Althea Perry has broken out again, and is credited with slapping a lawyer's cheek. The report does not state whether her hand was injured. The English appear to have been investing their money very recklessly, much of it in this country. Their syndicates have not been well managed and the result was predicted some time ago by shrewd financiers. The most unreasoning opponents of the stage can certainly make no objection to such a play as "Little Lord Pauntleroy." No one possessing a spark of humanity can witness the presentation of Mrs. Burnett's beautiful story without being the better for it. Upon one occasion a falcon was observed to cut a rope right in two with such strength and speed did it cut down its prey. Sparrowhawks and merlins have not infrequently been known to rash through thick plate glass windows when in pursuit of prey or at caged birds. A former Chicago reporter with a taste for the spectacular, who became famous through his connection with the Samoan resistance of Herman aggression two years ago, recently started a weekly paper in San Francisco and called it the Cynic. It survived only four weeks. A monument is to be erected by the state of Minnesota to commemorate the battles and incidents of the Sioux Indian war of 1 and especially as they relate to the town of New Uln in that state. The burning of the town and the massacre of the whites are significant. To be shown in two elaborate base reliefs. The cost of the grave in the Paris cemeteries is uniform and has been raised of late to £12. This, of course, is in perpetuity. At most of the cemeteries ground can be rented for five years at a charge of 50 francs for the term, and can generally be renewed at the end of this period for at least a second term. The Chicago Cost's voting column on the question of keeping the world's fair open on Sunday's is filled with letters from all sorts of people and is bringing to light many cranks of one kind or another. So far, the vote received by the Post shows a large majority in favor of having the fair open on Sundays. Now that the state capital of South Dakota is finally located at Pierre, the state will settle down to business. The contest for the location of the capital was a spirited one, and while the result is disappointing to some of the people of the state it is certainly satisfactory to a majority of them. In time all this feeling will be obliterated. Recent information gathered by the Herman forestry commission assigns to the pine tree 500 and 700 years as the "Ihas-Hq&uiu, 423 years to the silver, 275 years to the larch, 245 years to the birch, 170 to the ash, 145 to the ash, 145 to the ash, and 130 to the elm. The heart of the oak begins to rot at about the end of 300 years. The holly oak alone escapes this law, it is said, and there is a specimen of this aged 410 years in existence near Aschaffenburg in Germany. Several prominent physicians in this country have condemned Professor Koch's cure for consumption in advance and before they really have any good idea of it. The physicians of this country have never done anything praiseworthy in discovering new remedies, and it is presumptuous in them to sit in judgment upon the great work of a man who is the most eminent physician in Germany. American physicians should not emulate the lowly clam, but, to our national shame, be it said, they generally do. There seems to be no limit to the triumphs of inventive genius. A Californian—A. B. Bancroft, of San Francisco—has invented a method of naming and numbering the roads, lanes, and byways of sparsely populated country districts so that a traveler can find his way to any isolated and remote dwelling as readily as he could find his way to a city. To people living in the country, and still more to those who want to find the residences of people living in remote sections, Mr. Bancroft’s eye ten will be of much practical value. The world is getting a great many valuable things from California. THE DAKOTAS. Hill City will vote on Incorporation on the 26th. The fall term of the agricultural college at Brookings A Mr. Sleeper is contemplating the location of a gypsum mill at Rapid City. The issue of annuity goods to the Indians begins at the Cheyenne agency on the 24th. The contract will soon be let for the building of a Presbyterian church at Hooplo. The receipts of the Catholic fair recently held at Montrose amounted to Julia Hires, of Pierre, is looking for one of her callers who recently passed a $20 counterfeit bill on her. The electric light plant at Floux Falls is to be increased from a capacity of 1,200 incandescent lights. E. U. Meredith, of Sioux Falls, goes on cratches because of injuries recently received in a defective sidewalk. C. H. A.ar, of Onido, at the depth of sixty feet, struck a vein of water which rose twenty-four feet in his well. The county board of Faulk county has decided not to bond the county for the purpose of refunding the county debt. The twenty-year-old daughter of Mr. Flick, of his on township, Davidson county, died Sunday morning of diphtheria. The lieutenant, Samuelson and a squad of soldiers recently escorted a paymaster and in cash from Pierre to Fort Sully. Presiding Elder P. L. Parker has injured his leg, being kicked by a horse, and on that account was unable to hold quarterly services at Castalia. Brooks Bros, safe at Ojatn was broken on Saturday night and about $50 stolen therefrom. Ed Campbell is under arrest, being the guilty party. Talmudge, of Touner county, is under arrest at Grand Forks on the charge of seduction preferred by Anna Thompson, of that place. Yankton has a couple of mysterious shooting cases, in which two men are reported to have been wounded, but the particulars cannot be learned. Sioux Falls is agitated because Father Hare recently signed that the penitentiary at that place might be sold for a college and the penitentiary relocated at Mitchell. Mr. Win. Jewell, of Crookland, accidentally shot in the neck last Saturday by the discharge of a target gun, the ball entering the side and lodging close to the vertebra. Seth F. Howard, sheriff of Full River county, has offered a reward of $200 for the arrest and detention of Silas and Reuben Shortridge, two brothers who left their home several weeks ago, and whose whereabouts is a mystery. It is alleged that at one of the election precincts in the Flack Hills, the clerks were both under age, and that the judges were some of the time engaged in a game of cards at one side, the voters depositing their own ballots in the box. Twelve families of German immigrants from the vicinity of Odessa, Russia, have been missing. Yankton, and from that point will distribute themselves over South Dakota. They number about sixty persons and possess money, health, and ambition. W. S. Hooper, of White Lake, was climbing into a wagon one day last week when his foot slipped and he fell to the ground, striking upon his head and shoulder. The team started and the wagon loaded with coal and lumber passed over his legs. Edit Over the years, the paper has been running a paper at Furlong, Preston county, and after a trial of six months, closed up its printing office and stored it in a building in Chamberlain. Probate county is west of Chamberlain and is part of the original Sioux reservation at-on. A farmer named Puclow put up at the Parker house in Sioux Falls Tuesday night. He failed to properly turn off the gas and was found in an unconscious condition the next morning, but recovered in an hour. This is his second experience in the same house. A gang of men is traveling about the country offering to paint the roof of a building for $5. At the end, the work is done, the farmer receives a bill of $5 for painting the roof, just as agreed, but in addition thereto is the following: Forty gallons of paint, $5 per gallon, $5. There are eighteen students in regular attendance at the school of mines in Rapid City and several more are making arrangements to attend. The students are fitting themselves for practical work in chemistry, geology, surveying, civil and mining engineering, etc., and are all earnest and hard workers. J. Rasmussen was the victim of a threshing machine accident at Carthage last week. The machine had been stopped and the young man was at work fixing the flywheel to the engine when in some way the machine was put in motion, showing him into the air, and in falling he struck in such a manner as to break his arm. The controversy for a site for the A.M.C.A. building at Sioux Falls is now on. Six sites are offered, and after discussion it was finally decided to re-enter the whole matter to Mrs. Hattie C. Phillips, who is now on. ributed $10,000 towards the building. Mrs. Phillips promptly refused to name the site, and an adjournment was then taken. The Northern Pacific Railroad company will put down six artesian wells along their Dakota division on the first one to be drilled at Buffalo. The sinking of these wells will be beneficial, as it will show farmers where flowing wells can be found, besides furnishing the road with a more abundant supply of water, which is much needed owing to the increased traffic. Frank Lappu, who was sentenced to three years in the Sioux Falls penitentiary for stealing horses from Billy Myers, in what is now known as Mendocino, was sentenced to Deadwood Saturday. He claims he has gotten the worst of it on all sides during his confinement, and threatens to sue Wilbur Smith for $10,000 damages because he had his feet frozen while being taken to the penitentiary. James C. Robb died in Chicago on the 14th inst. "Jimmy" Robb is a very familiar name of old Dakotians. He has been connected with the mercantile business at Fort Sully, Cheyenne, and other points for twenty years or more, and is still the owner of trading posts in that neighborhood. He traversed the river road from Sioux City via Yankton to the upper country, scores of times in the old stage and backboard days of traveling, and his genial nature and kindness of heart made him an ever welcome visitor in every town or farm cottage along the road. The tests of the machinery at the Yankton cement works are now being made and within thirty days it will be definitely known whether or not any changes in the machinery will be necessary. That portion of the process begun is the grinding and mixing of raw materials. The clay and rock are ground, and then poured into the monstrous mixing tats, whence it is stirred, and stirred, as a housewife stirs flour, water, and yeast to make good dough. In the vats, the stuff is about the consistency and color of a new grass cream. After mixing, it must be dried, burned, and pulverized, before the test is complete. Pierre, S. D., bankers and capitalists have organized a stock company, with a capital of $5,000,000, for the purpose of buying and selling sheep more particularly to place flocks of sheep with responsible farmers on shares. While this section of South Dakota has attained a reputation as a stock country so far as horses and cattle are concerned, yet little has been heard of sheep; but those farmers who have kept small flocks state that sheep raising is particularly well adapted to this section of the state, which leads to this venture on the part of those capitalists. In connection with their business, the company is led to operate a big sheep mare near Pierre. REDSKIN'S RE AT IT Settlers of Campbell County, South Dakota, Reported Killed. Late Dispatches From the Reservation, at the Town of the Adjacent to Thomas. Rt siivn i.k, Nob., Nov. 22.—Word from the Pino Lid go agency Inst night is to tho o licet that nt at tors there liavo assumed more satisfactory shape. There is now no immediate prospects of a con flict with the Indian.*. Settlers at and near the agency feel perfectly safe in tin* presence* of the troops now there, and do not anticipate the promised an nihilation along the < licyonnc riu r in Dakota. Something of n stampede occurred yesterday and settlers have flocked into i Harrison and Gordon. Their uneasiness was caused by fires along the C heyenne j river Thursday night. Washington. Nov. *2. Acting In* 1 dian Commissioner Belt said that lie | believed from official reports received that the situation among the Sioux In- , dians in South Dakota had 1 eon exas perated, but that the disappointment , which will come over tho Indians when they see nothing of the promised Mos- \ siah will Be bad and he feared that al though there might he no general dis turbance there might be very trouble some limes among certain bands. AliEiu»FK\. S. 1)., Nov. 22. —Advices from Eureka state that settlers in Emmons and Campbell counties are flocking into that place on account of a rumor that the Sioux will take the war path. Lagrace, on the Missouri, is com pletely depopulated. It is reported tills morning, that two men had been shot and sculped by the Indians in Campbell county, but the story is not credited here. The people are greatly excited and are appealing to Governor Mellette for arms and ammunition. Lincoln, Nov. 22.—Governor Thayer said today that he was receiving numerous offers of service from Nebraskans in different parts of the state for the prospective Indian war, but at present he had no need of them, and probably would not, as the federal authorities would be able to protect the borders, as well as suppress the outbreak, if one occurred. Guns and ammunition have been sent to the towns along the northern border, and all the Nebraska companies in that part of the state have been supplied with ammunition and instructed to hold themselves in readiness for action at a moment’s notice. Auckland, S. D., Nov. 22. Late and reliable advices from Eureka state that the settlers who gathered at that place last night from Campbell and Emmons counties, on account of the Indian scare, are returning home, satisfied there is no cause for alarm. There are no Indians this side of the Missouri, and Agent McLaughlin, at Standing Rock, wires that matters are quiet there. Excited settlers, early this morning, telegraphed Governor Mellette for arms and ammunition. Hoi Springs, S. D., Nov. 22. --There is great excitement here over the arrival of a body of Indian claiming the Messiah, who has promised to restore the hot springs to the Sioux nation, has sent them here to await delivery, citizens are arming themselves. Chi voo, Nov. 22.—This afternoon General Miles was in receipt of a telegram from Rosebud from one of his officers in advance of the formal report. The officer gives the sermon delivered by Short Bull, the so-called prophet of the Messiah, at the Russell agency to the Indians. In this sermon, Short Bull said the things he predicted would have come to pass in two seasons, but since the whites are beginning to interfere, the time will be shorter. The Indians must not be afraid of anything. Chicago, Nov. 22. — In an interview this afternoon, General Miles said he had no further word from General Brooke, but he thought the latter had beyond all doubt given the Indians to understand that he is there for the purpose of protecting lives and property, and God help the first Indian whom he makes a break. Headquarters was also advised today that Sitting Bull has been sending out requests to all Sioux Indians, even in Canada, Indian territory and as far west as Wyoming, to join his forces. He is assisted by a large number of Indians who have been educated by the government in the east. If the Indians care to do so, they can do much damage before being checked. Of course, their career would be short, but amends could never be made for the property or lives they might destroy. Minneapolis, Nov. 22. — The Tribune’s correspondence from Mandan, N. 1).. contains information from the Sioux reservation from two reliable sources that the chances are against an immediate uprising unless Sitting Bull makes up his mind that it would pay. Sitting Bull would be arrested and put in irons but the agents are afraid that this would precipitate trouble. Agent McLaughlin has lost control of Bull and the other leaders. At Bull's camp the dance keeps up day and night. The Indians with Sitting Bull do not welcome even friendly whites and will not shake hands with them. They say all the white men will be turned into buffalo and catfish in the spring. Agent McLaughlin sent some Indian police to arrest refractory Indians, and instead of obeying his orders they threw off their clothes and joined in the dance. They returned to the agency without their prisoners and offered no excuse. Washington, Nov. 22. — Acting Indian Commissioner Belt this afternoon received a telegram from Special Agent Cooper, at the Pine Ridge agency, saying: “The Indians are still dancing.” The police report that thirty Rosebud Indians have arrived at this reservation and 600 or 700 more are en route to the agency. We hope to settle this Indian craze without bloodshed. All kinds of rumors are in circulation. Early this afternoon, the following telegram was received at the War Department from General Miles: "The number of Indians going from the Rosebud agency to the Pine Ridge agency is increasing. Reliable advices show that the Messiah craze is extending to our Indians near the mountain border and between the Sioux nation and the Canadian border." Pierre, S. D., Nov. 22. — Lieutenant Hall, of Fort Bennett, arrived here today, and reports threatening on the part of the Indians carrying on the ghost dance to resist any interruption by force of arms. Indian policemen sent to insist upon their stoppage of the dance were disarmed and obliged to return to the fort. An extra company of soldiers has been forwarded from Fort Sully to Fort Bennett, and preparations made in case of trouble. Cukken, Wyo., Nov. 22. — Frank Gerard, a government scout stationed at Fort McKinney, reports renegade Sioux and Cheyennes heading for the Big Horn mountains. They are leaving the Dakota reservations as the result of the Messiah agitation. The reds are well mounted and armed, and Gerard intimates that there is imminent peril. On receipt of the news, Governor Warren wired a protest to General Brooke against the removal of the cavalry from Fort McKinney. Maxdax, N. D., Nov. 22. — 2:10 Sheriff Bergenheimer this morning received a telegram from Sims, a town forty miles west of here, stating that the people are coming in from Muddy and Heart rivers, having been warned by the Sioux to lookout for themselves. The sheriff has shipped guns and ammunition to Sima and Hebron. Captain Holler is commanding at Fort Abraham. DAVIS' POLITICAL PULL. New York, Nov. 22.—Miss Gladys Trice, the pretty king's daughter who was shot by John T. Davis as she was leaving the Mariner's church on Tuesday evening, is getting better rapidly at the Chambers Street hospital. Davis, who is in the Tombs, said today to a reporter: “I have been married twice, the first time in 1872, to a Brooklyn girl, I lived with her four years, and then left her. We had two children. She kept them. I was single then until 1882, when I met and married Gladys Guelph. We were married by the Doan in Westminster Abbey, and we were happy until Grover Cleveland came between us. I shot her because she would not live with me. I’m sorry now, and I'm glad she isn't dead, for I love her. When Grover Cleveland met my wife I had a political pull, I have three brothers. One married the daughter of a Brooklyn politician, another is employed now in the navy yard, and I haven't board of the other one lately. LYNCHERS WERE FOILED. Tennessee Mob Attacks a Jail and Two Are Wounded Henderson, Tenn., Nov. 22.—A mob attacked the jail at an early hour yesterday morning to get Widdis, who a few days ago murdered Constable Ross and his nephew. They could not force the inside iron door, but succeeded in breaking a hole through it. A man named Coulter climbed through with a revolver, and immediately a report was heard and Coulter said he was shot. Sam Sayers started in to his assistance, when Widdis, one of the other prisoners, shot and probably fatally wounded him. The mob then fled. The sheriff rushed Widdis out of town this morning. The people are wild with excitement. St. Louis Stallion Stake. Inpossession, La., Nov. 22. —C. W. Anderson has in contemplation a $20,000 free-for-all stallion stake to be trotted for at his big meeting in August next. If carried out, and present prospects are that it will be, it will prove the greatest race in the world. It will bring together such horses as Axtell (2:12, Nelson (2:12, B. Stamboul (2:11, B. Allen (2:13), Alcyon (2:15), Alvin (2:14), J. and possibly Alabaster with the 4-year-old record of 2:15, and the dead game horse Seminole with a 2:11, a record as a winner. 4-year-old. This is in addition to the $75,000 purse already hung up, which is by far the most money ever offered at a meeting. Socialistic Tendencies Weakening. London, Nov. 22.—Berlin advices say that the emperor is highly elated over the fact that recent developments indicate that his idea of weakening the socialists by letting them severely alone has proved highly successful. At the recent municipal election at Magdeburg, Erfurt, Mainz, Schemlitz, Brunswick, and Wurzbourg, in Bavaria, the socialists, notwithstanding the fact that they made a gallant fight, were overwhelmingly defeated, the clerical element sweeping everything before it. Succi Takes the Air New York, Nov. 22. — Signor Succi put on top boots and a huff overcoat this morning and celebrated the seventeenth day of his fast by riding over the Brooklyn bridge on horseback. Succi looked to be in good health and spirits. He wore a red rose, the gift of George Francis Train, on the lapel of his coat, and his beaver hat was raked a little to one side. His face was flushed and his eyes beamed. Behind him in an open barouche rode George Francis Train incased in a big military overcoat with the fur collar turned up about his ears. Succi stood the journey well. Anniversary of Manchester Martyrs. Cunada, Nov. 22. — Today is the twenty-third anniversary of the execution of Allen, Larkin, and O’Brien, better known in this day and generation as the Manchester Martyrs, for the murder of Police Sergeant Brett at Manchester, and in accordance with the honored custom it will be observed tonight by some Irish nationalists of Chicago, by a Mortuary meeting at Central Music hall and at which an oration will be delivered by ex-Mayor C. D. O'Brien, of St. Paul, Minn. Good Prices for Short Horns. Chicago, Nov. 22.—The sale of short horn cattle from the Aberdeens-Angus herds of D. R. Pierce, of Creston, Ill.; J. S. Goodwin, of Danville; Atkins & Andrews, of West Point, and George Geary, of Winterset, today was quite successful. The prices for the most part ranged between $150 and $800. Jen nett and calf sold for $1,000 to W. H. Row, of Creston, Ill.; Wellington to the same for $850, and Blodhird to Lasing & Burnell, of Cottage Grove, Wis., for $1,000. Those were the highest prices. Prize Eight to a Finish, Chicago, Nov. 22. — The fight to a finish between Ed Bartlett, of Boston and Tom Ryan of this city and Michigan, will be settled tonight unless the police authorities get wind of the trying place. The prospective mill creates a good deal of excitement among the sporting element and a big crowd is likely to be on hand, although the plans of the managers contemplate the exclusion of the rough element. Naptha Dealers Indicted. Chicago, Nov. 22.— The grand jury yesterday returned twenty-five indictments against J. C. Bright, president, and W. H. Bright, vice-president of the Genesee Oil company, of Buffalo, who shipped naptha which caused an explosion of the steamer Tioga in this harbor some months ago, killing a number of longshoremen. They must stand trial for manslaughter. Sure Consumption Cure. Jacksonville, Ind., Nov. George Ciseo dreamed some months ago that certain herbs would cure consumption. He gathered and told them and cured his wife, and many others are now using the remedy. Cisco charges nothing and refuses to reveal the ingredients of the medicine. Barlug Bros. Will Resume. London, Nov. 29. — It is officially announced that arrangements for continuing the business of the Barings are concluded. A limited company has been formed with a subscribed capital exceeding £1,000,000. Thomas Barings, M.P., becomes chairman of the company and devotes the whole of his fortune to the firm’s credit. Hanging of Two Negroes. Yazoo City, Miss., Nov. 22. — Dorsey Edwards, colored, was hanged here yesterday for the murder of his wife on September last. Knoxville, Nov. 22.— Jack Maples, colored, was hanged here yesterday for rape. Fifty Seamen Jailed. Cork, Nov. 22. — Fifty seamen and firemen on the Cork Backing company's vessels were sentenced to one month’s imprisonment for breaking the articles of agreement by joining the strike. Dumb-Bell Record. Montreal, Nov. 22.— Louis Cyr yesterday broke the dumb-bell record, putting up 109 pounds with one band from shoulder twenty-seven times, against 100 pounds twenty times, the previous world’s fair site. Jackson Park and the Lake Front Decided Upon. Art Music Hall and the Electrical Display to Be Down Town. Chicago, Nov. 22.— Jackson Park and the lake front will be the site of the world’s Columbian exposition. The national commissioners have formally accepted the site tendered by the local directors, and fixed the location of buildings with such care that no trouble over that matter is possible. What the lake front gets is the departments of fine arts, decorative arts, music hall and part of the electrical display. All of the remaining exhibits go to Jackson park, except such as are crowded into Washington park and the midway plaisance. This vexed question was most happily settled. The committee on grounds and buildings that brought in a report recommending the approval of the sites offered was supported by many commissioners who had said they would not vote for such an arrangement. Not the least influential members in bringing about a settlement of the site question were Major Charles H. Jones, of St. Louis, and Thomas H. Hullene, of Missouri. These gentlemen, both known to be unfriendly to Chicago on general principles, worked firmly and with enthusiasm for a final settlement of the question. Commissioner Jones made his first appearance on the floor during the present session yesterday morning. He came in with an armful of olive branches, and when the site question came up Major Jones made a speech that surprised everybody. He urged the commission to accept the plans presented by those Chicago gentlemen who constitute the local directory, and told them that the site was in many respects better than that of the Paris exposition. “I have been over the ground of that exposition quite recently,” the handsome member from St. Louis said, “and I find that we have been tendered a site that is superior to that of Paris in a great many respects. The buildings of the Paris exposition were divided by the River Seine, which was spanned by a single bridge about fifty-two feet wide. Persons who wore in Paris during the entire exposition informed me that fully an hour and in many cases two hours were required to go from one part of the grounds to another. Now, we are offered a dual site here," the major continued, “that is much more accessible, although the two divisions of the fair will not be in such proximity, and altogether I am of the opinion that it will prove agreeable to the country at large." Then Mr. Hullene, the other Missouri member, talked in favor of Jackson park and the lake front, and the whole question, when finally put to a vote, was carried with but one negative vote. That came from Commissioner Mercer, of Wyoming, who has fought the lake front from the beginning. Newport Naval Deserters Captured. Pittsburgh, N. Y., Nov. 22. Harry Williams, of Cleveland, and Win. Bennett, of Green Bay, Mich., two young deserters from the naval school at Newport, R. I., were arrested here yesterday. They enlisted on the steamer Michigan at Erie, Pa., last July, and a month or so later were transferred to the Brooklyn navy yard, whence they were sent to Newport. The rigid discipline was not to their taste and they made up their minds to escape. About a week ago they crawled out of a window, passed the guard by wading through the surf, and the next morning traded uniforms with a couple of street Arabs. They began working their way home by jumping freight trains, and late Sunday night they arrived in this city. They were wandering aimlessly about when they were taken in by the police. Authorities. Yesterday the United States authorities were notified and the boys sent to Fort Porter, where they will be held. Argument Against Electrocution. Washington, Nov. 22.—The case of the Japanese murderer, Jugiro, sentenced to death by electricity in New York, was argued before the United States supreme court yesterday. Roger M. Sherman, who was counsel for Kemmler, represented Jugiro, basing the application for a writ of habeas corpus on the ground that the execution of Kemmler demonstrated that electrocution was not an instantaneous and painless method of death; that it violates the provision of the federal constitution forbidding "cruel and unusual punishment," etc. Sherman spoke at length, reading the newspaper reports about the death of Kemmler, etc. He asserted that there is grave doubt as to whether artificial electricity, generated under present scientific conditions, will inevitably cause immediate death. An Important Decision. Akron, S. D., Nov. 22. —The case of the Union Elevator company, of Webster, vs. the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad was decided by the railroad board yesterday. The complainant claimed the respondent discriminated against them in not furnishing their due proportion of cars for the shipment of grain; also that respondent discriminated against the city of Webster in furnishing an undue number of cars to competing and adjacent towns. The commissioners sustained the first point, but find nothing to substantiate the second. The railroad company was ordered to modify its practice in accordance with the finding and the law. The case has been hanging fire all summer and created Much interest, especially among small dealers, who believed the loss was injured by the company's tactics. Plan to inform people of the company's intentions. New York, Nov. 22.— The board of directors of the Fourth National Bank today adopted a resolution setting forth the fact of the present financial stringency and stating that during the present month that bank has had $3,285,000 of commercial paper due, all of which has been promptly met at maturity, showing merchants to be in a prosperous condition; that the stringency in the money market has almost stopped the purchase of commercial bills and deprived the mercantile community of its accustomed facilities, and authorizing the officers of the bank to buy freely of first-class commercial paper and take out, if necessary, a liberal amount of clearing house certificates for that purpose. Washington, Nov. 22.— A semi-official denial is given to the report that General John S. Clarkson is likely to succeed Senator Guay as chairman of the national republican committee. The health of the assistant postmaster general is none of the best, although it has been considerably improved during his stay at Ashville, Tenn. He has, however, completed all his arrangements for a prolonged sojourn in Europe and will leave for Paris where he proposes to spend the winter in about two weeks. These plans alone would make it impossible for him to take any additional political responsibility. New Minister to Portugal. New York, Nov. 22.—General George Batchelor, the newly appointed minister to Portugal, with his family, and General K. Hurd Grubb, the new minister to Spain, sailed for their respective countries. Unfit—today THE 'POSSUMS DID IT. How Cungrr Doekrrjr Received the Votes of a Colored Men. St. Louis, Nov. 22. — The official vote of Missouri shows that Congressman Pockety, of the Third district, increased his majority over 3,000, and this is how he did it: The congressman took two of his most trusted lieutenants some days before the election and made a trip through the “Black Belt” of Caldwell county, giving out mysterious invitations to the colored voters. Immediately following the invitations there was a great stir among the noted colored hunters of the region and for a week about fifty men and twice that number of yellow dogs were scouring the woods and cornfields along the bottoms. The result of the week's work was 226 fat, corn-fed coons and thirty-possums that were calculated to make any darkey’s mouth water with the mere sight. At 10 o’clock on the night which had been designated there congregated at the little blacksmith shop some black and three white men. The scene was weird, as the room was lighted only by the fitful glare of the forge fire, which alternately flashed to exceeding brightness and then paled until the place was almost dark. On all sides were piled the luscious roast coon, ’possum and sweet potatoes, while the solids of the feast were garnished with plenty of a fiery liquid which is only to be found in this county. In the center of the group stood Congressman Dockery and his two lieutenants. He told stories and explained the McKinley bill, keeping the darkies in a roar the while. The fame of the coon feast spread, and on election day the blacks voted solid for Dockery. CAME DINNER IN CHICAGO. Among the guests of the Grand Pacific Hotel, over 400 guests were present. Cum, Nov. 22. — Over 400 citizens of wealth and standing—presidents of railroads entering in this city, bishops and divines, members of the judiciary, merchant princes, capitalists and financiers, with their ladies — will be the guests this evening of Mr. John B. Drake, at the Grand Pacific hotel, on the occasion of the thirty-fifth annual game dinner of this hostelry. For months past experienced hunters have been scouring the northwest, and large consignments of black bear, mountain sheep, elk, deer, and other game have been received during the past week from Wyoming, Montana, Dakota and other points. Over 100 varieties of feathered and four-footed game will figure in the menu. The main banqueting hall of the hotel has been magnificently decorated for the event. One of the set pieces representing a meeting of the international commissioners of the world's fair, each commissioner being represented by a bird of one kind or another. Failure of an Oklahoma Bank. St. Louis, O. T., Nov. —The Commercial Bank of this city, which is the largest bank in the territory, assigned late last night for the benefit of its creditors. The proprietors have all left town. The collapse was caused by the failure recently of the Newton, Kan., National bank. The liabilities and assets cannot be ascertained. A run was made on the other banks in the morning, but it was stopped when an ample showing of funds was made. The bank belongs to a synd. The practice which practically controls the banks in Newton, Kan., Normal, El Reno, Stillwater, and Whitewater. The Newton bank failed yesterday. Today the Guthrie bank suspended and the Whitewater concern is now in the hands of examiners. Nothing has been heard from the HI Reno, Normal or Stillwater banks. The Guthrie bank's capital was $300,000. Newton's office, and the other's about the same. It is believed here that the assets are equal to the liabilities. Workmen Crushed. Kokok City, N. J., Nov. 22. — Wells, large A company's new building, being erected on Pavonia avenue, fell this morning, burying a large number of workmen. Police, firemen and ambulances were soon on the spot and the work of extricating the men commenced by 10:30. Eight masons, twelve iron workers, and fifteen laborers have been taken out and sent to the hospital. The injuries of some are regarded as fatal, and it is probable they will die. One man lies dead beneath heavy girders. The injured men are still being taken out. It is believed there are yet a number in the ruins. The iron girders were too heavy for the brick work, and their weight tore down the east wall. O’Shea-Parcell Affair. London, Nov. 22. — The Tablet, referring to the O’Shea-Parcell matter, says: “In itself the conduct of Mr. Parnell cannot prejudice the Irish cause in either land; but it will be a different thing if his followers persist in returning him in the teeth of the abhorrence of their liberal allies, as a leader with Gladstone. Intercourse with Gladstone will be especially difficult.” cult. There ought to be no hesitation on the part of the nationalists. In the interest of the elementary morality, Catholics are bound to sever their connection with Mr. Parnell. They may gratefully remember his services, but, as a leader, he ought to be impossible in the future. Secret Political Conference. In the Senate, S. IX, Nov. 22.— Forty or more representative men from all parts of the state congregated here last evening without previously announcing their coming. Just what brings them together is not known to the public. Among those here are Governor Mellette, Postmaster Mills, of Aberdeen; H. E. Mayhew and Guy Crawford, of Letcher; Ralph Wheelock, of the Mitchell Republican; Hon. H. H. Sheets, of Omaha; Senator Leppelman, of Gettysburg; Congressman Gifford, of Canton; Senator Kittridge, of Sioux Falls; Hon. Thomas Watson, of Redfield; Senator Green, of Chamberlain; United States Marshal Fry and Secretary Uingsrud. The Players' League. New York, Nov. 22. — Upon investigation, the affairs of the "lamented" Players' league do not appear to be as rosy as the followers of the organization seemed to think. Richardson, Keefe, Shannon, O'Rourke, and Whitney, all local favorites, are sad because they have not received any salary since September 1. The club is on arrears to these players just $1,250. Counting from September 1 to the time that their contracts expired, there is just six weeks' salaries due these players. Chicago Fat Stock Chicago, Nov. 22. — The fat stock show closed today. As an exhibition it has been the best ever held, but financially it has not been all that was hoped. The exhibitors say the separation of the horse show has caused losses to both. The premiums awarded amount to over $19,000. The gold medal for the finest herd of any brand beef cattle was awarded to Leslie & Hurrill, Cottage Grove, Wis., for their Aberdeen-Angus herd. Strike of Miners and Cokera. Scottpallu, Pa., Nov. 23.—Yesterday, the miners and cokers of the Big Mammoth plants of the Friok company inaugurated a strike which they term "discrimination." About 800 men are interested. Boyd's Election to Be Contested. Omaha, Nov. 3. -Governor-elect Boyd yesterday morning received official notice that his election to be converted by the independents is assured. THE NEXT CONGRESS Accurate List of the Members of the Fifty-Second Congress. Official Count of the Last Election, Showing an Accurate List of those Elected. The following is an accurate list of the members of the Fifty-second congress, elected on November 4, and in the official count: ALABAMA. R H Clark, D 5 J K Cobh, D 211 A Herbert, D 8J II Bankhral, P 8 W C Oates, D 7 W 11 Fo me/, i> 4 L W Turpin, U 8 Jo Wheeler, D ARKANSAS. W H Cate, D #T( McRae, I> 2 C R Breckin- 4 W 8 Terry, 1> ridge, D 5 H \V l ee!, D CALIFORNIA. J A Parham, R 4 J N Nutting, R 2 C G Litchfield, R 5 K J Loud, K 3 J McKenna, R a 6W \W Howes, R 4 O! ohai o. II Townsend, R CONNECTICUT, Lewis Sperry, D 3I) A Russell, R 2 W F Wilcox, D 4 R E DeForest, D FLORIDA. 8 R Mallory, D 21 Bullock, f) U EURO I A. 1 K E Lester, D o J II Blount D 2 11 T Turner, D 7 \V H Felton, D 8 C F Crisp, D 8 T G Lawson, D 4 C L 5 L F Livingston, D 10 T 11 Watson, D IDA no. 1 W Sweet, R ILLINOIS. 1 Abner Taylor, R 11 B K Cable, it 2L E McGann, D 13 Scott Wike, D 3 AC Durborrow, D 13 W M Springer, D 4 W C Newberry, D 14 Owen Scott, D 5 A J Hopkins, R 15 S T Busey, D C R R Hitt, R hi G W Fit Man, D 7 TJ Anderson, R 1< E Lane, it 8 L Steward, D 1,1 W H Forman, D 9 H W Snow, D 19 J. R. Williams, D 9 H V. Snow, D 19 J. R. Williams, D 9 Pott, R 2) G W Knight, D INDIANA. 1 W F Parrott, D 8 E B Hookshire, D 3 John Britz, D 9 Juncl Waugh, D 3 J B Brown, D 10 D II Patten D 4 Win Holman, D 11 A N Martin, D 5G W Cooper, R 12 t AOMel lellan, D 8H V Johnson, K 13 bl’ Sbrlvely, D 7 W D Bynum, D IOWA. 1 J J Seerlev, D 7 J A T Hull, R 2 W J Hayes, U HIP Flick, D 3 D B Henderson, ROT Bowman, D 4 W U. S. Butler, D 10 J. T. Doiv. r R f> T. J. Hamilton, D 11 G. It. Perkins, R 6 F. White, it KANSAS. 1 Case Broderick, R 5 DovG, It a 2 E. H. Funston, R 8 W. H. Baker, D a 31) il Clover, 1> a 7 J. King's >n, 1> a 4 J. G. Otis, It n KINNECKE. 1 W J Stone, It 7 W C P Brcckin -2 W T Fills, D ridge. D 3 J II Goodnight, II 8 J It McCreary, D 4 A ii M'ntg'm'ry, U 9 Til Paynter, L> 5 AG Carutb, D 10 J W Ken Jail, it 8W \V Dickerson, D 11 Johu H Wilson, R' 1.01181 AN A. 1 Adolph Meyer, It 4 N C Blanchard, It 2 M It Lagan, D 5 C J Houtner, It 8 Andrew F’rlco, D 0K M Roberts 'U, 1) MAINE. ITB Reed, 3 S L Mllllkeo, 2 N Ding Icy, jr, 4 C A Boutelie, MARTI AND. 1 Henry Page, It 4 Isidore Raynor, D C Herman Stump, D 5 Barnes C ampion, 8 H W Rusk, D D fi W M McKalg, D j MABACHUSES. 1 C L Randall, R 7 W Cogswell, R 2 E A Morse, R 8 M 'l' Slovens, D 3 J F' Andrew, D 9 G F' William', It 4 J H O'Neill, It 10 J II Walker, R 5 Sherman Hoar, D 11 F' S Coolidge, Ji 6 H C Lodge, R 12 J C Crosby, It MICHIGAN. 1J L Chapman, D 7J It Whiting, It 2 J S Gorman, D 8 II 31 Youmans, It 8 James O'Donnell, 1* C Wheeler, D R 10 T FI A Weauck, J. C. Burrows, R. D. 6 M. H. Ford, D. H. S. Stephenson, 6 B. G. Stout, D. R. MINNESOTA. 1 W. H. Harries, D. 4J. N. Castle, D. 2 John Lind, R. 5 K. Halverson, D. 3 O. M. Hall, R. Mississippi.
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Categoria:Stazioni ferroviarie del Rhode Island
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زمرہ:روڈ آئلینڈ میں ریلوے اسٹیشن
ویکیمیڈیا زمرہ
زمرہ:روڈ آئلینڈ میں ریلوے اسٹیشن ذخائر کا زمرہ Train stations in Rhode Island
زمرہ:روڈ آئلینڈ میں ریلوے اسٹیشن قسم ویکیمیڈیا کا زمرہ
Category:ロードアイランド州の鉄道駅
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Category:ロードアイランド州の鉄道駅 コモンズのカテゴリ Train stations in Rhode Island
Category:ロードアイランド州の鉄道駅 分類 ウィキメディアのカテゴリ
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DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
FOURTH DISTRICT
ANDREW DONALD PERINI,
Appellant,
v.
DARCIA CHARLENE PERINI,
Appellee.
No. 4D20-2096
[August 4, 2021]
Appeal from the Circuit Court for the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit,
Broward County; Dennis Bailey, Judge; L.T. Case No. 2018-014659 (41).
Jonathan Mann and Robin Bresky of the Law Offices of Robin Bresky,
Boca Raton, for appellant.
M. Shannon McLin and Melissa Alagna of Florida Appeals, Orlando, for
appellee.
PER CURIAM.
The former husband appeals the trial court’s amended final judgment
of dissolution of marriage. We affirm, without opinion, all issues raised in
the former husband’s appeal except the award of attorney’s fees. The trial
court’s order determines entitlement to the attorney’s fees but does not
ascertain the amount. An order for attorney’s fees that determines the
entitlement but not the amount is unripe for appellate review. See Weimer
v. Weimer, 677 So. 2d 86, 88 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996). Thus, we dismiss
without prejudice the appeal of this issue as premature. See Fredrickson
v. Fredrickson, 47 So. 3d 975, 975 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010).
Affirmed in part; dismissed in part.
FORST, KLINGENSMITH, and ARTAU, JJ., concur.
* * *
Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.
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Louecnccnccnccnccnccnccnccncncncncnc 1 Mxemburger Nachrichten. Aus den Ver. Staaten. TASSS WANTER. [Aus “Blummen a b.ἤnder. Lidder a Gedichter fum W. Boergen. Letzeburech, 1906.1 D'Nuechte langs ann Ris am Doõ, D'Stroõsse wἙiss, den Himmer sro, D'Bachen all wõ zougelõt, UnG Liewe Blereh ann Dal, Kal Gestchttr iweral, D' welt w� friem ann õmgedroõt: Tass Wanter. Sehn õn Schn� ann 't lésst Köng Rou, D' Placken d' Brd ganz zou, Wel s' ass krank ann iwermiad. wW6 e wWirmehe krömmt sech d'Sot. Alles schuddert sech a Kllot, D' arme Sonn huet d' Blἱucht krit: Tass Wanter. Oem den Vewe bei der Lueht Zielen d' Noõper an der Ueht Fun der guader aler Leit. Noõ beim Duertf fir um Böschsam Dremt e jongen Däunebam; D' Kröõselitdachtred ass net Mérité. Neber Herrn Michael Haller; dessen Fes m H. Dezember in Detroit, Mich., erfolgte und in voriger Nummer— U. A. tuts gemeint wurde, haben wir folgende nähere Angaben in Erfahrung gebracht: Herr Haller war am 10. Mai 1833 in Medernach, Kanton Diekirch, Großherzogthum Lu— xemburg, geboren und kam im Jahre 1852 nach den Ver. Staaten, wo er sich gleich in Detroit niederließ. Da er glaubte, im Süden ein besseres Fortkommen zu finden, wandte er sich im Herbst 1856 nach New Orleans, La., blieb aber dort nur bis zum nächsten Frühling, als er nach Detroit gurückkehrte, wo er ein Eisenwaaren— Geschäft gründete, das er betrieb, bis er es vor einigen Jahren wegen ge— schwächter Gesundheit an seinen Schwiegersohn, Herrn Johann Kiern, abtrat. Haller nahm regen Antheil an den local - politischen Angelegenheiten seiner Adoptiv-Heimathsstadt und das Voltk schenkte ihm solches Zutrauen, daß er im Jahre 1871 als erituer des „Board of Estimates“ ählt wurde, einer Behörde, deren Aufgabe . Es war; das vom Stadtrat aufgestellte Büdget der städtischen Verwaltung zu reivieren und endgültig festzustellen. Er erfüllte seine Aufgabe mit solcher Gewissenhaftigkeit, dass er im Jahre 1873 zu einem zweiten Termine und im Jahre 1875 zum Mitglied des Stadtrathes (als Vertreter der neunten Ward) erwählt wurde. Auch dieses Amt versah er zur Zufriedenheit Aller, so dass die Bürger jener Ward ihn abermals in den Jahren 17 und 1879 als ihren Vertreter in Stadtrat erwählten. Zwei Malerkörner ihn der Mayor zum Mitglied des „Board of Revision“ (Steuer—Revisions-Ausschusses), ein Beweis, welches Zutrauen man in seine Ehrlichkeit und seinen Scharfblick hatte. Herr Haller genoss die Hochachtung seiner Mitbürger in großem Maße und war allgemein beliebt und geschätzt. Seine Gattin und zwei Töchter gingen ihm im Tode voraus. Frau Haller und die jüngste Tochter starben Aus— gangs der sechziger Jahre, die älteste Tochter, Frau John Kiern, starb vor ungefähr vier Jahren im Alter von 36 Jahren. Es übergeben ihn nur seine Enkelin, Eva Kiern, und eine Schwe— ster, die in New Orleans, La., wohnt. Der Leritorbene war einer der Grün— der der St. Bonifatius-Gemeinde in Detroit, von denen Kirche aus auch sein Begräbniß am Mittwoch, den 11. Dezember, auf dem katholischen Mt. Elliott - Gottesacker stattfand. Die Betheiligung der Landsleute und der Mitglieder genannte Gemeinde war eine überaus große. Als Leichen— träger fungierten alte bewährte err: von ihm, nämlich: die Gebrüder— er Fohann B. und Peter Weins, ge— bürtig ans Medernach; Peter Hellers und F. P. Faminet, beide Luxemburger; sowie Anton Schneider und Karl Gies, zwei alte Nachbarn von ihm. Möge er ruhen in Frieden! Den trauernden Hinterbliebenen unser herzlichstes Beileid! Howard, S. D., 30. Dez. '07. Werthe Redaktion! Dahier starb am 20. Dezember nach nur zweitägiger Krankheit Herr Joh. Schmitz infolge der Darm-Entzündung. Es überleben ihn eine Tochter, sowie seine betagte Mutter und meh— rere Geschwister. Seine Gattin ging ihn vor den im Tode voraus. Er war einer der Pioniere dieser Ge- gend und ein überzeugungstreuer Kätholik. Sein Hinscheiden wird allgemein und mehrere innige Teilnahme! Gin Freund. In seiner Wohnung, No. d 214 Turner Avenue in Chicago, All., starb am 26. Dezember Hr. Fohann Diedrich, gebürtig aus Echternach, Luxemburg, im Alter von 67 Jahren. Der Verstorbene war früher Lokal-Agent der „Gazette“ für Chicago. Das Begräbniß fand am 29. Dezember von der St. Leo-Kirche aus, statt. Möge er ruhen in Frieden! Den trauern—en Ninferplithenen unser herzlichstes ein. In Buffalo Grove, Ill., wurde am 30. Dezember Herr Fohann Gladen a einem Requiem für dessen See—leit und seines leutseligen Charakters allgemein geachtet und beliebt war, erbitterte vor 78 Jahren in St. Louis, das Licht der Welt und wohnte seit ungefähr 60 Jahren in Buffalo Grove, wo er als tüchtiger aufgefunden sich eines guten Rufes erfreut. Es überleben ihn seine Gattin und vier Kinder. Möge erruhen in Frieden! Den trauernden Hitterbliebenen unser herzliches Beide! Alle Mitglieder des Dubuque Lu. — Kränken - Unterstützungs - Vereins sind freundlichst eingeladen, sich an einer geselligen Unterhaltung zu betheiligen, welche am Mittwoch Abend, den 8. Januar, im Vereinslokal in der Germania-Halle abgehalten wird. Dieselbe ist von den „neu-erwählten Beamten des Vereinsarrangiert worden, welche auch die sämtlichen damit verbundenen Unterstützungen aus eigener Tasche bestreiten werden. Herr Mathias Demuth, gebürtig aus Ehnen, ein Veteran des Vrekrieges und allgemein bekannter Bürger Dubuque's, hatte am Sonntag, den 20. Dezember, das Unglück, in seiner Wohnung an der 18. und Jackson Straße, die Treppe hinunterzufallen, wobei er sich einen Bruch des rechten Fußgelenkes zuzog. Mäti's überaus zahlreichen Freunde wünschen ihm baldige Wiederherstellung! Gesucht werden: Peter von Körich, Luxembürg. Derselbe ist 36 Jahre alt und kam vor 14 Jahren nach Amerika. Seine Mutter möchte von ihm hören; und Dom i—nitk Didier, ebenfalls gebürtig aus Körich. Derselbe wird wegen Erbschafts-Angelegenheiten gesucht. Auskunft wird dankend entgegenkommen von Nie. Bertrand, egen Minn. Herr Felix Perrad von Chicago, oll., hat am letzten Donnerstag eine Besuchsreise nach seinem Heimatförder Harlingen im Großherzogtum Lu—xemburg angetreten. In St. Louis, Mo., ist am Mittwoch letzter Woche Nic. Glesener Im Alter von 57 Jahren verschieden. Der Verstorbene war gebürtig aus Folscheid, Großherzogthum Luxemburg, und kam schon als 17jähriger Junge nach Amerika. Seines Zeichens Glasmaler, war er meistens in Chicago ansässig, hatte aber in der letzten Nacht in St. Louis seinem Berufe obgelegen. Die sterblichen Überreste wurden nach Chicago überführt und daselbst befreit. Es überleben ihn seine Gattin und vier Kinder. Er ruhe in Frieden! In St. Donatus, Jackson County, Iowa, starb am Dienstag, den 31. Dezember, Frau Susanna Schmidt, eine alte Ansiedlerin jener Leen nach einer längeren Krankheit im Alter von 63 Jahren: Es überleben die Verstorbene zwei Kinder. Ihr Gatte ging ihr vor mehreren Jahren in die Ewigkeit voraus. Sie ruhen in Frieden! Den trauernden Hinterblieben—nennen unser herzliches Beileid! Das Folgende entnehmen wir dem „Aurora Volksfreund“: Frau Maria Michels starb am Sonntag Nachmittag um 4 Uhr in ihrer Wohnung, No. 229 Süd River—Straße im Alter von 77 Jahren nach mehriod nach Aurora, wo sie seither beständig gewohnt hat. Ihr Gatte ging ihr bereits vor 7 Jahren im Tode voraus. Derselbe wurde bekanntlich auf der Kreuzung der Süd-River Straße von einem Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Zuge überfahren und getötet. Sie hinterlässt vier Söhne und eine Tochter, Peter Michels, Frank Michels (Polizeichef), Bernard und Heinrich Michels. Frau Tom Perry, die das Hinschei—den einer guten, liebevollen Mutter beweinen. Die Beerdigung fand am Dienstag Vormittag um 9 Uhr vom Trauerhause und um 10 Uhr von der St. Nikolaus-Kirche aus, auf dem gleichnamigen Friedhof statt. Dem „LeMars Herold“ entnehmen wir das Folgende: Frau M. M. Tritz in Cherokee, Iowa, wo sie sich zeitweilig besuchhalten auf— hielt, starb letzten Donnerstag Vormittag an einem Herzen schlag die Wittwe Frau Mary Weisgerber, im Alter von 61 Jahren. Die Verstorbene wohnte in Sioux City und bei ziemlich guter Gesundheit reiste sie vor Weihnachten nach Cherokee, um ihrer Tochter einen Besuch abzustatten. Dort ereilte sie der Tod unerwartet. Die Verstorbene wurde int Grotzherzogthum Luxemburg geboren und kam mit ihrem Gatten vor dreißig Jahren nach LeMars und hier wohnte sie bis vor. etwa fünf Jahren. Ihr Gatte der hier als Schuh—macher tätig war, ging ihr vorzehn Jahren im Tode voraus. Sie hinterlässt zwei eter und drei Söhne, nämlich Frau M. M. Tritz von Cherokee, Frl. Emma Weisgerber von hier., Otto von Sam Francisco, Harry von Minneapolis und Arthur, der in Nebraska wohnt. Att sterblichen neberreste wurden Sonntag nach LeMars gebracht und fand die Beerdigung nach einem Requiem in der St. Joseph's Kirche, auf dem katholischen Kirchhof bei großer Beteiligung statt. Bequemlichteit klagt, die Gist schwämme würden, wo sie zu finden, glückt, und denkt nicht, daß die genießbaren Pilze die Emsigleit schon ausgepflückt. Inäemburg Gazette, Dienstas, den 7. d. ar 1908. Großherzogthum. Aus der Hauptstadt. Luxemburg, 14. Dez. Wie wir aus dem 33. Jahresberichte der deutschen Nationalisten-Nationalisten-Gesellschaft von Campo Santo zu Rom ersehen, hält sich ein Luxemburger Priester, Massa—rette, daselbst auf und der Luxemburger Professor, Prälat Kirsch in Freiburg, hat die Redaktion der vom deutschen Collegium herausgegebenen „Römische Quartalschrift? übernommen. Die von den Jesuiten geleitete Gregerianische Universität in Rom war im eben verflossenen Jahre von 1,044 Zöglingen besucht und unter diesen befand sich ein Luxemburger. Luxemburg, 14. Dez. Der hoch—wähnte Herr Bischof Koppes, sowie die 13 Dechanten des Landes haben gegen die Wittwe des früheren Redakteurs des „Voltsboten“ J. N. Moes einen Prozess angestrengt. Den Gegenstand bildet ein in Nummer 37 des am 15. September 1907 erschienenen „Volts—boten“ unter der Überschrift: „Abon—nements - Einladung auf das vierte Quartal 1907“ veröffentlichter Artikel, in welchem die Klageführenden eine schwere Verleumdung des gesammten Clerus des Landes erblicken. Die Kläger verlangen ein jeder eine Ehrenentschädigung von 500 Franken, sowie die Veröffentlichung des Urteils im „Voltsboten“ und in zehn andern Zeitungen des Landes. Luxemburg, 14. Dez. Im Dominkanerinnen - Kloster Marienthal zu Venlo starb am 10. Dezember ein hervorragender luxemburger Geistlicher und Gelehrter, Pater Dom. Mar. Scheer, Magister der Theologie, Ex-Provingzial von Schottland und Ex-Socius des Ordensgenerals, im 77. Lebensjahre. Begräbniß und Ex-Provingzial von Schottland und Ex-Socius des Ordensgenerals, im 77. Lebensjahre. Begräbniß und Ex-Provingzial von Schottland und Ex-Socius des Ordensgenerals, im 77. Lebensjahre. Begräbniß und Ex-Provingzial von Schottland und Ex-Socius des Ordensgenerals, im 77. Lebensjahre. Begräbniß und Ex-Provingzial von Schottland und Ex-Socius des Ordensgenerals, im 77. Lebensjahre. Begräbniß und Ex-Provingzial von Schottland und Ex-Socius des Ordensgenerals, im 77. Lebensjahre. Begräbniß und Ex-Provingzial von Schottland und Ex-Socius des Ordensgenerals, im 77. Lebensjahre. Begräbniß und Ex-Provingzial von Schott quien ene am 12. Dezember in der Klosterkirche zu Venlo statt. Luxemburg, 16. Dez. Am Samstag wurde das Urteil in einem Preß—Prozess, den gerr Vikar Tvausch von Esch an der Alzette gegen den „Armen Teusel" angestrengt hatte, gefällt. Letzteres Blatt hatte in seiner Rubrik: „Kohlen zum Höllenbrand“ sich eine Diffamation des Herrn Trausch erlaubt. Genossse Schaack aus Esch a. d. Alz. übernahm die Verantwortung für den in Frage stehenden Passus. Er wurde verurteilt: 1) zu einem Schadenersatz von 50 Franken, 2) zu einer Buße 100 rten. 3) zur Veröffentlichung des Urteils im „Armen Teufel“ und 4) zur Zahlung aller Kosten. Luxemburg, 16. Dez. Als gestern Morgen um sieben Uhr das Dienst—mädchen des Herrn Bivort-Fischer in der Krautmarktstraße sich zur Messe begeben wollte, sah sie in dem Magasin des Bürstenfabrikanten Hrn. Sinner, das fich im selben Haus befindet, Feuerflammen aufsteigen. Sie alarmierte sofort die Hausbewohner, die sofort die Feuerwehr benachrichtigten. Militär und Feuerwehr erschieben sofort an Ort und Stelle, und es gelang ihnen, das Feuer auf seinen Herd zu beschränken. Der Schaden, den Hr. Sinner erleidet, ist sehr bedeutend, da die meisten Waaren in—folge der Löscharbeiten wertlos geordnet werden sind. Herr Sinner selbst war mehrere Meter hoch herabgefallen und auf ein Glasdach gestürzt, ohne sich je—doch weiter zu verletzen. Luxemburg, 16. Dez. Infolge des Unwetters, das am Samstag herrschte, wurde gegen 8 Uhr Abends in der Bäderstraße ein Teil des freistehenden Giebels des Neubaues Weckbecker abgebrochen und Gegen das Nachbarshaus Franzosen geschleudert. Einige Stunden später fiel zu Limpertsberg in der Johannstraße ein dem Platzmeister Hrn. Welter zugehöriges, im Bau begriffenes Haus teilweise zusammen. Das Unwetter hat übrigens allerorts viel Schaden angerichtet, Schornsteine und Fenster eingeworfen u.s. w. Civilstand der Stadt Luxemburg. Sterbefälle, 9. Dezember: Philippe Feldes, alt 64 Jahre, pensionierter Eisenbahnbeamter, 11.: Magdalena Dorr, alt 26 Jahre, Ehefrau von Wilh. Heiser, Zimmermann; Magdalena Wagener, alt 76 Jahre, Ehefrau von Michael Kremer, Schreiner; Barbara Graul, alt 33 Jahre, Geheimen von Gengelbert Joseph Neunhäuser, Lokomotivführer zu Wasferbillig, 18.: Helene Isabella Cecile Cogneaur, alt 37 Jahre, Ehefrau von Julien Alexander Schamyger, Artist aus Brüssel. Aus den übrigen Theilen. Düdelingen, 11. Dez. Einen schweren Unfall erlitt gestern der Mächine M. Steils. Er war bei dem Gasreiniger der Hochöfen mit der Rei- Nigung elektrischer Lanpen beschäftigt. Als nach Einschaltung des Stromes die Lampen nicht erglühten, stien er auf den Gasreiniger, um Nachschau zu halten, woran die Störung liege. Da— bei griff er unvorsichtigerweise in die elektrische Leitung hinein. Er erlsitt einen Schlag und fiel aus einer Höhe von drei Metern herab. Er fiel auf den Kopf und blieb bewußtlos liegen. Er hatte eine Gehirnerschütterung und eine erhebliche Verletzung am Kopf erlitten, sodaß er ins Spital gebracht werden mußte. Sein Zustand ist nicht unbedenlich. Der Verunglückte, der im Alter von 31 Jahren steht, ist unverheirathet. Rümelingen, 16. Dez. Letzte Nacht verschied gegen 8 Uhr im Kloster der hiesigen Schwestern, die Sechwester Maria Priska, im Alter von 70 Jahren, hat sie im Kloster gelebt und sich ausgezeichnet durch ihre bescheidene, anspruchslose Einfachheit. Heute Morgen verstarb ebenfalls Frau N. Risch-Görens, nachdem sie gestern Abend einen Herzschlag bekommen und derselbe sich noch zwei Mal erneuert. Hatte. Sie hinterläßt einen Gatten mit zehn noch unerwachsenen Kindern. Röser, 17. Dez. An die Stelle des unlängst verstorbenen Hrn. Ungeschüttel wurde am letzten Sonntag der che—malige Lehrer, Herr Linster von Luxemburg-Bahnhof, zum hiesigen Gemeindesekretär ernannt. Wormeldingen, 13. Dez. Herrn Mathias Gindt von hier wurde auf sein Ersuchen gestern ehrenvolle Entlassung als Gemeinde - Einnehmer bewilligt. Esch a. d. Alz., 15. Dez. Gestern Abend von 7 bis 9 Uhr herrschte all— hier ein Orkan, welcher bedeutenden Schaden anrichtete. Das in der neuen Straße gelegene Atelier des Mechani-ers Hrn. Noesen, welches erst kürzlich erbaut und mit Zink gedeckt war, wurde arg mitgenommen. Da drei bis vier Fensteröffnungen unterhalb des Daches offen standen, warf der Sturm das Zink dach mit Brettern, Keffern und Balken ab in den neben— liegenden Garten Lehnerts. Die dachte Balken wurden in der Mitte gebrachten. Das Dach hat einen Flächen- und ist dermaßen zerfetzt, dass nur sehr wenig mehr von demselben brauchbar ist. Hr. Noesen erleidet einen Schaden von 1,000 Mark. Niederkörnern, 17. Dez. In die Wirthschaft Ledoux am Bahnhof trat am Samstag Morgen ein unbekannter Arbeiter und ließ sich einen Schnapsauf den Zahltisch servieren. Die allein anwesende Wirthin entfernte sich auf einige Augenblicke und als sie zurückkehrte, war der Gast verschwunden. Gleich zeitig vermisstete die Frau einen Bund Schlüssel, in dem sich auch der Schlüssel des versperrten Zahltisches befand. Aus letzterem war ein Porte—monnaie mit 150 Mark gestohlen worden. In der Nähe hiesiger Ortschaft fanden Schulkinder das Schlüssel auf der Straße liegen. In dem Diebe wurde ein gewisser Denster Augustin gekneipnt und 2 Dommen wohnhaft, ermittelt. Derselbe hatte Mittags in Niederkräftigen gekneippt und wurde verhaftet, als er den nach Luxemburg abfahrenden Zug bestiegen hatte. In seinem Beitrag wurde noch eine Summe von 142 Mark vorgefunden. Berburg, 13. Dez. Gestern verschied im Hospitale zu Grevenmacher die älteste Person unseres Dorfes Marg. Terres, geboren am 17. August 1813. Eihternach, 11. Dez. Von dem seit dem 18. November verschwundenen Nicholas Binsfeld von hier hat man noch immer keine Spur entdecken können. Rümelingen, 12. Dez. Wir stehen vor einer zeitweiligen Krisis in unserer Erzindustrie, die wie gewöhnlich der Hyperproduktion zu verdanten ist. Eine Stockung traf noch wohl jedes Jahr ein, jedoch fürchtet man allgemein eine große Krisis, wie im Jahre 1900. Die kleinen Gesellschaften, und besonders auch diejenigen, deren Mit nette minderwerthig ist, haben keine Bestellungen mehr aufzuweisen, und so müssen sie für einige Zeit ihren Betrieb einstellen. Daher die Arbeiter— Entlassung bei der Differdinger Gesellschaft. Herr Tabary hat seinen Betrieb auf dem Hutberg letzte Woche gang eingestellt. Andere feiern meh— rechte Schichten in der Woche, und so sieht man die Not allmählich in manche Arbeiterfamilie einziehen. Wie verlautet, hat die Eisenbahn— direktion das Haus „Cafe Thiry“ an der Haltestelle zum Preise von 100,— 000 Frantken angekauft, um hier Bahnhof- und Stationsgebäude zu vergrößern. Dasselbe gehört Hrn. K. Hoffmann aus Schifflingen. Esch a. d. Alz., 16. Dez. Als der auf der Auchener Hütte als Aunfseher über die Lokomotiven angestellte Bissen, sich gestern früh nach dem nahegelegenen Schlackentipp beginnt wollte, wurde er von einer vorbeifahrenden Lokomotive erfaßt und überfahren. B. wurde über den Leibweg förmlich durchgeschnitten, so daß dessen Tod sofort eintrat. Er hinterlässt eine trostlos Wittwe mit drei unerwachsenen Kindern. Auf demselben Werke riel dem 17jährigen Gießereiarbeiter I. V. Schmitt eine schwere Eisenbahnschienen auf ein Bein, wodurch derselbe einen complizierten Beinbruch erlitt. Geständnis Morgen fanden Vorübergehende in dem nahen „Lavul büschelchen“ den 65jährigen Arbeiter ein Wilmes, gebürtig aus der Triarer Gegend, todt vor. Neben der Leiche lag eine Flaschen mit Schnaps. Nach Aussage des Arztes soll der Tod durch Erstickung eingetreten sein. Gestern Nachmittag um 2 Uhr verstarb hier an den Folgen eines Gehirnschlages, im Alter von 45 Jahren die Dame Pierre Re. geb. Katharina Hamilius. vorgestrigen Stadtratssitzung wurde Herr Gendärm Eil Ludwig von hier, einstimmig für die neuen Sekretärstelle am hiesigen Polizeikom— missarier erwählt. Herr Geometer Jos. Bornich, ein Sohn des Rentners Hrn. Michel Barnich von hier, hat sieben bei der „Societe des Chemins de fer du Congo“ engagiert. Hr. Barnich wird jetzt noch einen einmonatlichen Kursn in Brüssel durcheu. um sich die nötigen Sprachkenntnisse anzueignen, um olsdann seinen Posten im Conno wit einem Anfrage zu einem Anfrage von 8,000 Franken anzutreten. Senningen, 18. Dez. Der 14ährige Sohn des in Nendorf wohnenden, von hier gebürtigen Schreiners Gafsfe— net hat am versloßenen Freitäg ohne das Norwissen die Reise nach dem ersten Westen anagetreten, um bei einem Onkel mütterlicherseits in Farmer— dienste zu treten. Mondorf, 10. Dez. Zwischen den Stationen Algingen und Weiler zum Thurm fand gestern der Bahnmeister Welter drei Martstücke und eine Geefälltafel. Auf den Schienen liegen, die zwecks Herbeiführung einer Entgleisung dorthin gelegt worden waren. Es gelang Hrn. Welter den Thäter festzunehmen, und ihn der Mondorfer Gendarmerie zu überführen: Es ist ein gewisser Seywert. 29 Jahre alt, aus Expeditionen gebürtig. Merscheid (Vianden), 19. Dez. Ein tragisches Gade fand gestern der hiesige Landwirth Mathias Thelen. Beim Dreschen sollte er die Pferde treiben. Dabei wurde er unversehens von einem leergehenden Stellbaum erfasst und dermahßen fest an die nahe Umsfassungs ucuer gedrückt, dass er noch am selben Tage den erlittenen inneren Verletzungen erlag. Der Verunglückte war seit 12 Jahren ein allzeit rühriges Mitglied des Gemeindes Putscheid. Reisdorf, 12. Dez. Wie verlautet, soll nächstens die hiesige Station eine elektrische Beleuchtung erhalten. Hr. Reyland, Mühlenbesitzer hat eine Entrale, an welche er das ganze Dörf an schwer. Bis jetzt funktioniert die Leitung in der Kirche und im Parrhaus zur größten Zufriedenheit. Manche Eigentümer wünschten, dass die Dorfältigkeit baldigst fertiggestellt würde. Unsere Dorsältesten werden dann sicher in der Straßen, statt der schäbigen Petroleums-Düsseldung eletrische Lampen anbringen lassen. Ell, 10. Dez. Hier wurde am 7. Dezember ein Pompiercorps und Musikverein gegründet. Das Pompiercorps zählt 16 Mitglieder, deren Hauptmann Herrn Simon ist. Der Musikverein „Fanfare d Ell” zählt 26 Mitglieder und hat zu seinem Präsidenten Herrn F. Nothum; Jos. Clemens, Vice-Präsident; Wilh. Welter, Kassierer; St. Even, Schriftführer; N. Biwer, Conservator; H. Goelf und J. Versandt, Beiräthe. Zum Dienstag Nachmittag die Wohnung des Wirthes und Handelsmannes Panl Hummer eingesetzt. Er erleidet einen Schaden von 2,000 Franken. Sämtliche Möbel und Waaren sfind verbrannt. Hummer. — Der erste versichert. Die Feuerwehr suchte die Nachbarhäuser zu retten, da an ein Löschen nicht zu denken war. öln dem Haule des Ackerers J. Four-nelle brach gestern Nachmittag wieder eine Feuersbrunst aus. Das Haus wurde mit der Scheune zerstört. Four-nelle erleidet einen Schaden von 5,000 Franken. Das Haus war weiter bewohnt von dem Bergmann Useldinger und der Wittwe Stock. Der erste erleidet einen Schaden von 1,500 Franken. Der Schaden ist durch Versicherung bedeckt. Schwebach, 16. Dez. Der hiesige Ackerer Joh. Petry begab sich vor—gestellt nach Niederlagen, allwo er mehrere Borstentbiere verkauft. Dort traf er drei Mannspersonen, welche sich ihm zugesellten und für die er manches Glas spendierte. Die Kerle hat—ten den Schleim im Busen und es hauptsächlich auf seine vielen Gold—füchse abgesehen. Nachdem sie sich inscheinend verabschiedet hatten, überfielen sie Petry im Dunkel der Nacht auf dem Heimwege und raubten ihm das wahrscheinlich seine säu umtliche Baarschaft, etwa 450 Fräulein und ergriffen die Flucht. Bis jetzt konnte man der Räuber nicht habhaft werden. Grosbous, 17. Dez. Wohlhoarhe reitet verschied heute Morgen allhier die 67jährige Witlwe Heimans aus Vichten. Vor 12 Tagen war sie nach Grobous gekommen, um ihrem allein sehenden Sohn zu zeitweilig auszu—helfen. Gewiß ahnte die starke Frau nicht, daß dies ihr letzter Gang sein würde. Sie erkrantktte am dritten Tage nach ihrer Ankunft. Und ist jetzt ihrer Krantkheit erlegen. Wormelbildungen, 13. Dez. In der restrigen Gemeindeathssitung wurde endgültig der Bau einer neuen Kirche in Ahn dem Unternehmer Weiß von Bour, der mit 20 Prozent über dem ostenanschlag sub nittiert hatte, über- tragen. Der Nenbau lostet somit die Zumme von 66,000 Franken. Die Pläne sind von Herrn Knepper; Ztrats-Architetten in Diekirch, ange- fertigt worden. Welfringen, 15. Dez. Gestern Abend starb allhier im rüstigsten Mannesalter, wohlbersehen mit den tl. Sterbesatramenten, Herr Heinrich Ley, als Opfer einer mehrtägigen, tückischen Krankheit. Er war ein Mann von großer Offenheit des Chorrofters und tiefer Religiösität, der mit seltener Gutschiedenheit und Hinge— bung, durch Wort und Beispiel, über- all eintrat, wo es galt das Gute zu jördern. Bei Allen, die ihn kannten, genoß er die höchste Achtung. Echternach, 14. Dez. der letzten Nacht entstand hier in der Stradße Kak eine Feuersbrunst. Es verbrannten Stall und Schuppen des Wirthes Binsfeld, ferner ein dahinter gelenener Schuppen des Hrn. Bätcker—meisters Trierweiler und endlich das Haus der Wittwe Dieschburg. Der Schaden ist durch Versicherung gedeckt. Greiweldinger, 16. Dez. Am letzten Samstag wurde eine der ältesten Personen unserer Ortschaft, die 87 Jahre alte Margaretha Müller. Witte von N. Olsen, unter großer Beteiligung der Einwohnerstände zu Grabe getragen. Vinden, 13. Dez. Der vor 14 Jahren in Nördingen vom Zuge überfahrenen Maurer Th. Hansen wurde am gestrigen Tage unter großer Beteiligung der Einwohnerstände auf hiesigen Friedhofe zur letzten Ruhe gebrochen. Er war im Hospital zu Steinsort verstorben, ohne das Bewusstsein wiedererlangt zu haben. Die heilige Familie. Im Engen Kreis, in schlichter Hütte Ein wunderlicher Hütte Ein wunderlicher Hütte Ein wunderlicher Hütte Das liebe Antlitz engelmüd. Der Vater in den Armey Stärte, Mit Schwiebelen seine Hand geziert, Mit Geist und Herz am Tagewerte, Das Brot ihm in die Hütte führt. Und zwischen beiden blüht die Blume, Vor der sich beugt des Engels Knie, Das Kind in diesem Heiligthume, Das Glück, die Himmelspoesie. Hummel, müde, wunde Menschenzele, Ob hart dein Fuß am Abgrund steht, Halt ein den Schritt und schau und wähle Als Vorbild heute: Nazareth. Elise Miller. KXA Nach den Flitterwochen. Ein Ehepaar, welches die Flitter—wochen kaum hinter sich hatte, fühlte sich bereits nicht mehr behaglich. Die junge Frau, die gern Reime schmeckt—dete und im glücklichen Brautstande dem Liebsten oft in Versen zuge—jauchzt hatte, setzte sich in einer müßigen Stunde hin und schrieb: Da er um mich freie, War er still und fein, Rauchte nieht und scheute Sich vor Bier und Wein. Ach! den Abscheu hatte Er bald abgestreist; Da er nun mein Gatte, Rauchter er, schnupft und säuft! Sie wurde abgerufen und ließ den Zettel auf ihrem Schreibtisch liegen. Ihr Gatte fand denselben und schrieb sofort darunter: Als ich sie geworben, War sie sanft und weich, Hold und unverdorben, Einem Täubchen gleich. Nun sie ist mein Weibchen, Geifert sie und kreischt; Hab' mich in dem Täubehe Fürchterlich getäuscht! KNA Der Familienvater. Der Familienvater ist das Haupt der Familie, weil er in derselben Gottes Stellvertreter ist. Das ist der Urgrund se Ansehens und seiner Macht. Er soll sie aber auf Liebe und Achtung stützen. Er muß die Seinigen lieben und diese müssen wissen, daß er sie liebt. Er muß von ihnen geachtet werden und muss sich also hüten vor Allem, was die Achtung der Seinigen vermindern oder „zerstören könnte. Er muß mit der Mutter einig sein und nie eine Meinungsverschiedenheit mit ihr vor den Kindern ußern. Er darf in der Familie keine Person, kein Buch, keine Zeitung dulden, welche die Verachtung des väterlichen Ansehens und der väterlichen Gewalt lehrt. Der Familienvater sucht sein Glück in seiner stillen Häuslichkeit. Hier ruht er aus von seinem mühseligen Tagewerk, hier ist ihm am wohlsten, seine Familie ist ihm der teuerste Schatz auf Erden. Allein es ist eine von den Krankheiten der Zeit, dass die Männerwelt ihre Freude und Erholung größten tatsächlich nicht so sehr am häuslichen Herd und im Schooße ihrer Familie, als im Wirthhaus, an Vergnügungsorten und in geselligen Kreisen, so selbst in überflüssigen Genüssen sucht, während die Familie zu Hause darben muß. Dieser Hang entfremdet den Mann der Familie, die ihn gerade dann nicht sieht und in ihrer Mitte hat, wenn die Abend- oder Sonntagsruhe alle Familienmitglieder am gemeinsamen Herd versammelt. Dieser Hang trägt das Geld an dem Hause, welches doch für die Bedürfnisse der gesammten Familie, für die Pflege der häuslichen Gemütliche, für die Pflege der häuslichen Gemütliche, für die Pflege der Noth und des Alters dienen sollte. Dieser Hang entzieht dem Familienvater die Liebe der Seinigen, die weder Zuneigung noch Achtung vor ihm bewahren förnen, wenn derselbe fort und fort reicht, doch die Familie ihm leitouttig ist, wenn er den häuslichen Herr der Kalt und öde macht, weil er fehlt, weil er anderswo sich niederläßt und die Seinigen vergißt. Und wenn dann noch der Familien— völlig Abends spät oder tief in der Nacht betrügen, oder von der Spiel— wuth und dem Spielverluste aufgeregt heimkehrt und die verlassene, sich grämende Frau und die hungernden Kinder vielleicht noch hart anlässig oder gar musshandelt. dann ist das Maß des Elendes voll! Freilich muss heutzutage den Zeit verhältnissen ein kleines Zugeständnis gemacht werden. Das Vereinsleben ist ein wichtiges Mittel der Gegenwart, um gemeinsame Ziele mit gewesen und die schwächeren Kräfte durch die Verwandten zu stärten. Daßher die katholischen Männer- und Arbeiter-Verwandten sollen denselben beitreten und die Verwandten fleißig besuchen. KHeine verständige Hausfrau wird dagegen etwas einzuwenden haben, weil gerade hier jene Grun Z 2 1 17 ; 1 4 0 2 ; 16 1 ——— 2 ten ann hochgehalten und eingeschärft werden. welche das Familien. ilienleben erhalten und fördern, weil gerade hier von den Mitgliedern Genügsamkeit und Sparsamkeit verlangt werden, ohne welche das Familienleben nicht besitzen. 7 Ueber Erziehung. Die Erziehung sollte im ersten Lebensjahre des Kindes beginnen. Wie viele Mütter rauben sich selbst die er sehnte und ihnen so nötig abend—ruhe, indem sie Abends stundenlang mit dem Vaby sich abmühen, es wieten und schwenken, oder am Bett des Kleinen im dunkeln Zimmer sitzen, weil das Kind sonst nicht schlafen will. Die Mutter meint den Kind eine Liebe und Wohlthat zu erweisen; in Wahrheit thut sie aber das Gegenteil; denn die Mutter plagt sich konnte nur in ganz unnützer Weise, sie zieht sich auch än ihrem Baby einen Plage gefunden. Wie das kleine Kind sein wollen Willen durchsetzt und durch Schreien die Mutter zwingt, ihm die Abendstunden zu opfern, so wird auch mit zunehmendem Alter der Eigenwille wachsen, und es wird dann sehr schwer sein, das Kind zum Gehorsam zu gewöhnen. Unsere amerikanischen Kinder stehen ohnehin in dem Ruf, daß sie von Gehorsam und Ehrfurcht vor den Eltern wissen. Und doch sind diese bei den Eigenschaften die schönste Zierde ein. Lines Kindes, und das sicherste Merkmal einer guten Erziehung. Wird diese in der frühesten Kindheit vernehmlich vernehmlich oder aus falscher Zärtlichkeit unterlassen, so ist das ein schlimmer Schaden für des Kindes ganze Zukunft. Das, was das Kind im Elternhaus nicht gelernt hat, Gehorsam und Unterhaltung unter einen anderen Willen, das muß der Füngling oder die Zungfrau vielleicht später mit bittern Schmerzen lernen, wenn der Gesicht des Lebens an sie herantritt. Solche traurige Stunden ersparen die Eltern ihren Kindern, wenn sie mit der Erziehung derselben bereits in der Wiege beginnen. Hautpflege. Bei den täglichen Wasser ist Seife unentbehrlich, aller dings darf man dabei nicht vergessen, dass die Seifenlauge ätzend wirkt und bei täglichem Gebrauch die Haut reizt und, zumal bei zarter Haut., entstelleende Entendunen hervorrufen kann. Wenn man sich Gesicht und Hals reichlich mit Seife eingeschäumt hat und dann mit Wasser nachspült, so wird das Waschwasser in eine mehr oder weniger konzentrirte ätzende Seifen-lösung verwandelt. Bei dem Abspülen wird alsdann die Lösung in die Haut eingerieben und dort bleiben die Seifenreste liegen, bis sie bei der nächsten Wasser durch neue ersetzt werden. So gerät die Haut in einen chronischen Reizustand, und jetzt wird der Widerspruch erklärlich, dass gerade Menschen, die sich ziemlich viel und intensiv wissen, oft eine außerordentlich empfindliche und leicht entzündliche Haut bekommen. Dr. Michel gibt daher im „Arzt als Erzieher“ den beherzigenswerten Rath, um die sen Misfstand zu. Ubeleitigen solle nach der Waschung mit Seife erst wie; wöhnlich der Seifenschaum abgespült und dann mit frischem Wasser eine Nachspülung vorgenommen werden, um die noch anhaftende Seifenlauge völlig zu entfernen. Man soll es allerdings bei dieser Abspülung mit den Händen nicht bewenden lassen, sondern noch mit einem rauhen Waschlappen, am besten mit Luffa, die Haut frottieren. Da— durch wird die letzte Spur von Seife aus den Hautbertiefungen entfernt und durch die Massage die Blutzufuhr zum Gesicht gefördert, wodurch die Haut ein frisches rosiges Aussehen erhält. Die Seife muß vor Allem reichlich schänmen, da sie dieses aber in kaltem Wasser nur ungenügend thut, so muß man warmes Wasser zum Wasser zum Wasser gebrauchen. Wie lange sollen wir unsere Kinder schlafen lassen. Im Hindesalter ist noch viel Schlaf nothwendig, weil während deselben die Zunahme des Körpers und schär Gewebe, die Verdauung des Genossen und die Stärkut des Körpers erfolat. Man darf daher die Schlafreit nicht verkürzen oder beeinträchtigen und muss sich in dieser Hinsicht ganz nach dem Bedürfnis des Kindes richten, derart, daß man ein gesundes Kind im zweiten und dritten Lebensjahr 12 bis 14 Stunden, ein blutarmes, schwächliches dagegen 14 bis 16 Stunden innerhalb 24 Stunden schlafen lässt. In die Welt ist niemals so schlecht, wie gewisse Leute sie mathen und nie mals so gut, wie sie sein sollte. Die Lebensversicherungen nach manchen Mann werthvolle sein, als er im recht. Die meisten Ehebungen, die sieben, sieben, als selbst das mentieren.
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CC-By-SA
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𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌹𐌶𐍉 𐍆𐌿𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌺
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https://got.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌹𐌶𐍉 𐍆𐌿𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌺&action=history
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Gothic
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𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐍆𐌿𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌺 𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐍃𐍉 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌾𐍉 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰𐍄𐌴𐍅𐌰 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍉. 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌼 𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌿𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌴𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃.
𐍆𐌿𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌺
𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍃
Runenprojekt (𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰)
𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰𐍄𐌴𐍅𐌰
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Apache-2.0
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<?php
include_once QODE_FRAMEWORK_HEADER_ROOT_DIR . '/types/header-vertical/functions.php';
include_once QODE_FRAMEWORK_HEADER_ROOT_DIR . '/types/header-vertical/header-vertical.php';
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797167_2005_1
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SEC
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None
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Item 1. Business
General
We develop and market branded natural products. We are focused on innovative products designed to nourish the health and well-being of consumers.
We compete primarily in the market for natural, nutritional supplements. Our products include:
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Naturade Total Soy(R), a full line of nutritionally complete meal replacements for weight loss and cholesterol reduction available in several flavors of powders;
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Naturade(R) protein powders;
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ReVivex™ healthy joint and arthritis pain relief products;
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Diet Lean(R) products focused on the low carb dieter;
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SportPharma(R) sports nutrition products; and
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Other niche dietary supplements.
In our recent acquisitions of Ageless Foundation, Inc (“Ageless”) and Symco, Inc. and Symbiotics, Inc. (collectively “Symco”), we have acquired the rights to additional products including:
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Ageless™, a line of anti-aging products, and
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Colostrum Plus™, a line of products to enhance immune system functions.
Our products are sold to the mass market, the health food market and the military in the United States, Canada and selected international markets. The mass market consists of supermarkets, mass merchandisers, club stores and drug stores. The health food market consists of natural food supermarkets and over 5,000 independent health food stores.
We also provide private label products to a limited number of customers.
Our independent registered public accounting firm qualified their opinion on our December 31, 2005 financial statements by including an explanatory paragraph in which they expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
History and Recent Developments
Product Introductions
We pioneered the introduction of soy protein powders in the 1950’s. In 1999, the FDA authorized qualifying products to claim on their label that “25 grams of soy protein daily, in a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease.” We introduced our Naturade Total Soy(R) meal replacement powders featuring this claim on the first day allowed by the FDA. We currently market 26 SKUs featuring this claim.
In 2002, we broadened our focus to target the weight loss market with the introduction of the Naturade Total Soy(R) line of meal replacements for cholesterol reduction and weight management. In 2003, we introduced the Diet Lean™, a product marketed to reduce the absorption of starch calories. In 2004, this line was extended with additional meal replacement powders and dietary supplements.
In order to focus our resources on our core soy powder brands and new products and to raise working capital, we sold our Aloe Vera brands in 2004. The Aloe Vera products were focused primarily on the natural health and beauty segment which we determined were outside our current strategic focus.
In 2004, we introduced the SportPharma(R) line of sports nutrition products. This line is targeted to sports enthusiasts who want an all-natural alternative. The SportPharma(R) brand is licensed under an exclusive agreement for sales to health food stores and the natural food section of supermarkets.
In October 2004, we introduced the ReVivex™ family of dietary supplements containing Celadrin(R). Celedrin(R) has been reported to promote joint health and mobility. We also introduced ReVivex™ Pain Relief Lotion, a menthol-based topical analgesic for arthritis pain and backache, as well as pain from overexertion or injuries. We do not have a long-term supply agreement for Celadrin(R). In the event the owner of Celadrin(R) refused to provide us with this product, or increased its prices, we would be required to reformulate the ReVivex™ line to use another, perhaps less effective ingredient, or to pass any price increase on to our customers.
Recapitalization
On July 22, 2005, we entered into a recapitalization with Quincy Investments Corp. (“Quincy”) and our principal stockholders, Health Holdings and Botanicals LLC (“Health Holdings”) and Westgate Equity Partners, L.P (“Westgate”). In connection with the recapitalization, Quincy negotiated, and arranged the financing for, our acquisition of selected assets of Ageless, Symco and Symbiotics described below. In addition, the recapitalization involved (1) the issuance of securities to Quincy, (2) the exchange by Health Holdings and Westgate of shares of common stock and Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series B”) for shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series C”) and (3) the extension of the maturity date of certain notes held by Health Holdings and Bill D. Stewart, a director and our chief executive officer (“Stewart”), and David A. Weil (“Weil”). The recapitalization has resulted in the availability to the Company of additional products, the delay in the Company’s obligation to pay such notes with a resulting short-term increase in the Company’s liquidity, and a change in control of the Company. For a description of the recapitalization, see “Business - Recapitalization” below.
Financing
On July 26, 2005, we obtained from Laurus Master Fund LTD (“Laurus”) a $4,000,000 financing facility composed of a $3,000,000 revolving credit facility and a $1,000,000 term loan. On January 11, 2006, this facility was amended to include, among other things, an increase in the term loan to $1,650,000. For a description of this financing, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - “Laurus Financing” and “Financing” below.
Acquisitions
On August 3, 2005, we acquired certain assets relating to the health products retail business of Symco. On August 5, 2005, we acquired certain assets relating to the health products retail business of Ageless. In these acquisitions, we acquired the right to distribute additional new products, including the Ageless™ line of anti-aging products and Colostrum Plus™, a line of products reported to enhance immune system functions. For a description of these acquisitions (including the purchase prices, assets acquired and obligations assumed), see “Business-Acquisitions” below. See also “Risk Factors-In our recent acquisitions, we have assumed substantial additional obligations.”
Control by Principal Stockholders and Others
As a result of this recapitalization and financing, Laurus, Quincy, Health Holdings, and Westgate have substantial control over Naturade. For a description of the various rights of these parties, see “Risk Factors - Certain stockholders have the ability to control the Company and have other substantial rights, preferences and privileges.”
Business Strategy
We are focused on innovative, scientifically supported products designed to nourish the health and well being of consumers. The key elements of our growth strategy include the following:
Increase focus on weight loss
We are focused on the growth potential of the weight loss category. Clinical studies on both humans and animals have shown that a low calorie diet containing soy protein based foods is more effective in promoting weight loss than a low calorie diet containing animal protein based foods. Our Diet Lean™ brand of products offers a product line for new, complementary weight loss products.
Capitalize on the health benefits of soy protein
We believe significant growth potential exists in the soy protein foods. In 1999, the U.S Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approved the claim that “25 grams of soy protein daily, in a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease.” This claim was approved by the FDA based on studies evaluating the relationship between dietary soy protein and the level of blood lipids, particularly cholesterol. To carry this claim, one serving of a product must deliver at least 6.25 grams of soy protein with no more than three grams of fat and no more than one gram of saturated fat. Each of the Company’s soy protein based powders contains between 8 and 25 grams of soy protein per serving. The FDA, the American Heart Association and the Mayo Clinic all support daily intake of 25 grams of soy protein as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol. In addition, the FDA is currently reviewing a petition for a health claim for soy protein-based foods and reduced risk of breast, prostate and colon cancer.
Become a leader in all natural joint health and arthritis pain relief
Our introduction of the ReVivex™ line is focused on providing safe, all natural ingredients as alternatives to current joint health products. ReVivex™ joint support products were the first products to market the dietary supplement ingredient Celadrin(R) in major retail stores throughout the United States. ReVivex™ Pain Relief Lotion contains the active ingredient menthol which has been reported to temporarily relieve joint, muscle and tissue pain from backache, sprains, strains, over-exertion and arthritis.
Excel in relationships with consumers and retailers
We have used our expertise in consumer packaged goods to build a strong relationship with our retail customers. We complement our broad sales and marketing efforts with programs focused on direct-to-consumer communication to generate trial use, cross-promote products and build brand loyalty.
Focus resources on nutraceutical supplements
We focus our resources on nutraceutical supplements. As a result, we sold our Aloe Vera brand in 2004 that was primarily targeted to the natural health and beauty segment.
Pursue innovation through science-based new products
We continue to emphasize new products as a long-term growth strategy. These include further exploitation of soy protein’s claims to lower cholesterol, support weight loss, reduce bone loss, reduce hot flashes and enhance performance. In addition, we intend to investigate future products based on other promising health benefits supported by scientific investigations in the weight loss and joint health categories. Our marketing and research and development departments spearhead new product development, overseeing product formulation, testing and sample production runs carried out by our third-party manufacturers.
Focus promotional spending to improve profitability by account
We maintain customer account-by-account contribution margin budgets (defined as direct revenue less direct costs such as cost of product, freight, commissions, promotional spending and marketing costs) to improve the efficiency of promotional spending. We manage our spending plans based on each account’s potential, and then develop our promotional programs to optimize sales growth while limiting our brand expense. As a result, contribution margins, defined as gross margins less direct brand expenses, were 25.7% of net sales for 2005 and 22.7% of net sales for 2004 despite a reduction in revenues in 2005.
Selectively pursue new distribution
We selectively pursue new distribution where initial investment in start-up costs has a strong expectation of delivering a near-term return. Similarly, we have elected to exit accounts where minimum profit standards cannot be met. As a result, we are currently selling to a consolidated U.S. account base of approximately 36,000 stores compared to approximately 20,000 in 2004 and 11,000 in 2003.
Expansion into international markets with a streamlined offering of best selling products is being pursued with the same targeted spending strategy.
Identify and solicit strategic partners for growth
We continue to focus on external growth, making use of the resources of our principal shareholders to help identify compatible companies for strategic alliances, investments in us or acquisitions by us. The effort to identify additional funding in support of internal and external growth is ongoing.
Leverage our distribution capacity through acquisitions
We intend to leverage our distribution capacity through the introduction of new products. As part of our strategy to expand our product offerings, we may acquire additional products or businesses from third parties. See “Business - Acquisitions.”
Brands and Product Lines
Weight loss brands
Naturade Total Soy(R) is our largest selling brand, positioned for weight loss and cholesterol reduction. It is distributed in virtually all of the retail outlets serviced by us or our distributors. These products include shake mix powder products available in a variety of flavors in all natural and low carbohydrate formulation including original Naturade Total Soy(R) powder, Calcium Shake™ and Naturade Low Carb Dieters Shake(R).
First introduced in 1950, Naturade protein boosters are high protein, low carbohydrate powders offering consumers a range of protein choices. These powders are typically added to smoothies to make high protein drinks, but are also used to add protein to other foods prepared at home such as cereal, sauces or casseroles. We offer a broad selection of protein booster powders based on alternate protein sources, including Naturade 100% Soy™, Naturade Veg™, Naturade N-R-G™, Naturade 100% Whey™, Naturade Soy-Free Veg™ and Naturade Milk & Eggwhite™.
Diet Lean™ is a new Naturade weight loss brand introduced in 2003. Diet Lean™ offers four different SKUs of dietary supplement plus two meal replacement powders. These products include Diet Lean(R) Body Fat Regulator with CLA(R), Diet Lean(R) Weight Loss Multivitamin, Diet Lean(R) Fiber Supplement and Diet Lean(R) Low Carb Dieters Shake. The introduction of this brand and the subsequent introduction of products focused on the low carbohydrate dieter address the needs of consumers who will no longer be able to purchase ephedra-based products and will be looking for safe and effective dietary supplements that will help them lose weight.
Calcium Shake is a soy protein-based meal replacement for weight loss that is positioned to support bone health with the full daily value of 1000 mg of Calcium per serving.
Soy protein-based products for heart health
In 1999, the FDA authorized a heart health claim for soy protein. Naturade markets 26 different soy protein SKUs that qualify to carry the FDA approved claim that “25 grams of soy protein daily, in a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease.” These products accounted for approximately 51% of our net sales in 2005. Naturade Total Soy(R) was the first soy protein powder brand in the United States to carry this claim on the front of retail package labels and differentiates itself from competitors by continuing to emphasize this life-saving health message on its packages as well as in its advertising and promotional messages as “the delicious cholesterol fighter(R).” We offer two soy protein-based nutritional supplement products positioned as energy enhancers, Power Shake(R) and Ribo-tein™, plus Naturade Pure Soy™, the only widely distributed meal replacement powder made with certified organic ingredients. In addition, three of the six low carbohydrate protein boosters are made with soy protein and carry the FDA heart health claim. To carry this claim, one serving of a product must deliver at least 6.25 grams of soy protein with no more than three grams of fat and no more than one gram of saturated fat. Each of the Company’s soy protein based powders contains between 8 and 25 grams of soy protein per serving.
Joint health care products
In late 2004, we introduced ReVivex™, a line of joint health products that utilize Celadrin(R), a proprietary compound that studies show offers benefits not found in glucosamine based products, currently the standard for natural joint health supplements. The active ingredient in the ReVivex™ line, available in several oral (tablet) applications, has properties which are reported to cushion bones and joints to increase mobility and promote flexibility.
Arthritis Pain Relief Products
In 2004, we introduced ReVivex™ Pain Relief Lotion. ReVivex™ lotion contains menthol which has been shown to temporarily relieve pain from arthritis, muscle soreness and backache. ReVivex™ lotion expands our target market to consumers who suffer from arthritis.
Aloe vera-based products
During 2004, we sold our Aloe Vera brands for approximately $1.2 million in cash in order to raise working capital and focus our resources on meal replacements, diet products, sports nutrition and joint health care products. The aloe vera based products accounted for approximately 10%, of our 2003 and 2004 net sales.
Other products and private label
We offer additional all-natural brands and product lines including sports nutrition powders, laxatives, digestive aids, cough/cold products and a healthy breakfast product (Head Start™) which, cumulatively, account for approximately 10.5% of 2005 net sales. These products are distributed almost exclusively through independent health food stores and natural supermarkets. In addition, we provide private label products to a limited number of customers.
Recent Product Acquisitions
In our recent acquisitions of selected assets from Ageless and Symco, we acquired the right to distribute the Ageless™ line of anti-aging products and Colostrum Plus™, a line of products reported to enhance immune system functions. See “Business-Acquisitions.”
Competition
In light of the 2004 withdrawal of Slim Fast’s soy protein powders, we face only one significant competitor in the mass market powder sector, Genisoy(R) from MLO Products, Inc. Many other companies have entered the category since 1999 but hold only small market shares, including Twinlab, Amerifit, Kashi, Balance, EAS, Natrol, Rexall Sundown, Schiff (Weider) and Country Life (Hain). We also compete with Genisoy(R) and Kashi in the health food segment. In the health food sector, we compete indirectly with Spiru-tein(R), a brand from Nature’s Plus, Inc. Unlike Naturade Total Soy(R), Spiru-tein(R) does not emphasize soy protein content in marketing its products and positions them as energy boosters rather than products for weight loss or cholesterol reduction. Spiru-tein(R) holds a substantial lead over our entries in the energy category, Power Shake(R) and Ribo-tein™.
Although we were first to market with our Celadrin™ based brand, ReVivex™, we do not have exclusive rights to the active ingredient and it is possible that other companies will introduce Celadrin™ based products. ReVivex™ currently competes with a wide array of dietary supplement products for joint health. The market leader is the glucosamine based Osteo-BiFlex brand from NBTY (Rexall). Other competitors include Weider (Move Free), Pharmavite (Nature Made), Natrol, Arthritis Research Corporation (Flexamin), Contract Pharmacal Corporation (ArthX) and Nutramax Labs (Cosamin DS). These companies all offer glucosamine based product lines while most also offer alternate products with MSM or SAMe. Weider has recently introduced a new product under the Lubriflex brand name which offers a novel joint health ingredient, hylauronic acid.
ReVivex™ Pain Relief Lotion is a topical analgesic competing with numerous companies in this over-the-counter drug category. Topical competitors include Naturopathic Labs (Joint-ritis), Pfizer (BenGay), Chattem (Capzasin, Icy Hot & Aspercreme) and Haw Par Healthcare Ltd. (Tiger Balm). Numerous small companies offer similar products for joint health and arthritis pain relief through health food stores.
Sales, Marketing and Distribution
In fiscal 2005, our sales by distribution channel were 41.5% to the mass market, 55.8% to the health food market and 2.7% in international channels, as compared to sales by distribution channel of 46.1% to the mass market, 51.1% to the health food market and 2.8% in international channels in fiscal 2004. Our products are sold to both the health food market and the mass market using a sales management team augmented by independent brokers. Health food sales are primarily through distributors, while most mass market sales are direct to retailers. Our sales and distribution in Canada is also handled through distributors and brokers.
Our direct sales force supervises broker sales organizations in the health food market and mass market. While headquarters sales calls are primarily the responsibility of our sales management, over 76 health food broker personnel and an additional 35 mass market broker personnel carry out follow-up calls and retail activity. We maintain brokerage agreements with our health food and mass market brokers throughout the United States. These agreements have a term of one year and may be terminated on 30 days prior written notice by either party. In addition, these agreements grant the brokers exclusive territories to represent us and receive commissions on sales generated in these territories. Brokers do not take title to our products.
We sell our products in the health food market through a network of 20 key distributors and approximately 15 smaller distributors, who together service approximately 8,000 retail health food stores and natural supermarkets in the United States. These distributors take title to our products, combining these products with other companies’ products to serve the health food stores in their geographic area. Ten of these key distributors are divisions of United Natural Foods, Inc. (“UNFI”), a national health food distributor, while 17 other distributors are divisions of Tree of Life, Inc. (“TOL”), another national health food distributor. Combined, these two principal health food distributors accounted for 28% of our net sales during 2005. Our direct sales force, along with brokers, often will solicit business from health food stores who then acquire our products from these distributors. While each of these national health food distributors is a corporate legal entity, their divisions independently make purchasing decisions on our products and are separately invoiced by us. Accordingly, in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” we treat these divisions as separate customers for purposes of determining the top 40 customers. In 2005, we broke distribution with Walgreens drug stores on our ReVivex™ brands. Our direct sales force sells this account and product is shipped direct to Walgreen’s distribution points throughout the country.
Mass market products are sold directly to mass market retailers or their designated distributors. One mass market customer, Wal-Mart, represented approximately 20% of our net sales in 2005. While this mass market customer is part of a single corporate legal entity, its retail operations are independent operations, has separate buying departments and are separately invoiced by us. Thus, in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” we treat them as separate customers for purposes of determining the top 40 customers.
In the six months ended December 31, 2003, the Wal-Mart stores division, one of our top ten customers, revamped its weight loss shelving to make room for additional low carbohydrate products. In the process, they eliminated their entire soy protein powder offering including both Naturade and the major competitor, Slim Fast. The lost business accounted for approximately 6% of our 2003 net sales. We have focused on re-establishing distribution of our products in the Wal-Mart division and were successful in late 2004 with the introduction of the ReVivex™ line of joint health care products. The loss of any one of our major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Third-Party Manufacturers
We outsource all of our manufacturing and, as a result, are significantly dependent on third-party manufacturers such as Nellson Nutraceuticals and Omni-Pak, a division of NBTY, Inc. We currently contract with third-party manufacturers who specialize in powder, liquid, tablet/capsule, bar and over-the counter drug production. We select our third-party manufacturers based upon several criteria, including quality, capacity, location and cost. Under the direction of our product development team, these third-party manufacturers create product formulations and develop sample production runs of prototype products. We require that a certificate of analysis, that indicates tested levels of key microbiological measures, accompany every batch of product received from a third-party manufacturer.
Raw Material Supplies
Due to outsourcing of production, we have eliminated most of our raw material inventory. At December 31, 2005, raw material inventory was $235,885. This amount includes bottles, labels, corrugated boxes and shippers. We believe that the raw materials used
by our third-party manufacturers are readily available from multiple supply sources. We have not experienced significant delays due to supply problems.
Quality Control
We have established quality control standards for our third-party manufacturers, including lists of approved raw material suppliers, agreed upon production batch sizes, microbiological and other contaminant testing criteria, utilization of industry-specific independent laboratories for sample analysis and a formal incubation period for finished products, among other requirements.
Seasonal Fluctuations
As the Naturade Total Soy(R) brand has emphasized weight loss in connection with its meal replacement products, sales have become somewhat more seasonal, affected by higher December and first quarter demand due to intense consumer interest in dieting and healthy lifestyle following the holiday season, with a softening of sales in the beginning of the fourth quarter. Because individual products have seasonal variations, as our product mix changes, we may experience more seasonality in the future. In addition, international sales tend to fluctuate depending upon economic conditions, seasonal patterns and cultural differences within each country.
Trademarks, Copyrights and Other Intellectual Property
We maintain registrations on trademarks with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and have applied for four additional trademarks. We also maintain trademark registrations for a variety of marks in approximately eleven foreign countries. In addition, we hold other intellectual property rights. Federally registered trademarks have perpetual life, provided they are renewed on a timely basis and used properly as trademarks, subject to the rights of third parties to seek cancellation of the marks. We regard our trademarks and other proprietary rights as valuable assets and believe that they have significant value in the marketing of our products. Because of our limited financial resources, we cannot in all cases exhaustively monitor the marketplace for trademark violations. We will evaluate and pursue potential infringements on a case-by-case basis in accordance with our business needs and financial resources. If we are not aware of some infringing uses or elect not to pursue them, the value of our trademarks could be substantially weakened. In 2004, we sold our aloe vera brands including the rights to the Aloe Vera80™ trademark.
As part of the acquisition of Symco and Symbiotics, we acquired the exclusive right to the trademark “Age Defiance,” and granted Symco and Symbiotics a license to use this trademark. See “Business-Acquisitions” for a discussion of the acquisition of Symco.
Recapitalization
In January 2005, Naturade was introduced to Quincy by a public relations firm retained by both Quincy and Naturade. Before this introduction, Naturade did not have any relationship with Quincy. Quincy, in turn, introduced Naturade to Ageless and to Symco and Symbiotics. Symco and Symbiotics are related companies under common control. Before this introduction, Naturade did not have any relationship with Ageless, Symco or Symbiotics.
On July 22, 2005, we entered into a Master Investment Agreement (the “Master Investment Agreement”), with Quincy, Health Holdings, Westgate, Stewart and Weil, pursuant to which:
The holders of the Series C voting as a separate class are entitled to elect one member of our Board of Directors. There are currently three members of our Board of Directors. In addition, in matters presented for a vote of our stockholders, including the election of other directors, the holders of the Series C will vote together with the holders of the common stock as a single class, with a number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock into which the Series C may then be converted. Under Delaware law, the holders of common stock and Series C each will be entitled to vote as a separate class on any amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation which would (i) increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of such class, (ii) increase or decrease the par value of the shares of such class, or (iii) alter or change the powers, preferences or special rights of the shares of such class so as to affect them adversely.
In addition, Health Holdings will be entitled to receive notice of, and to have a representative attend, all meetings of our Board of Directors, so long as Health Holdings owns any Series C.
On a liquidation or sale of Naturade, the holders of Series C will be entitled to receive a preferential payment equal to $1.00 per share (subject to adjustment), plus accrued but unpaid dividends. This preferential payment would reduce the amount available for distribution to the holders of our common stock.
For each fiscal year, the holders of Series C will be entitled to receive a cash dividend equal to 20% of the amount, if any, by which our pre-tax profits for such year exceed $10 million, which dividend will be distributed within 120 days of the end of such fiscal year. This cash dividend would reduce the amount available for other corporate purposes, including the expansion of our business or distributions to the holders of our common stock.
We will have the right to require the conversion of all shares of Series C into common stock at any time within ten days following a period of 20 consecutive trading days for which the closing bid price of the common stock equals or exceeds $1.50 per share (as adjusted).
At any time after July 22, 2006, the holders of the Series C will have the right to convert each share of Series C into one share of common stock at $1.00 per share (subject to adjustment to prevent dilution). The issuance of these shares of common stock could cause substantial dilution to the other holders of the common stock and the potential issuance of these shares of common stock could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of our common stock.
On December 31, 2012, we are required to redeem the Series C for $1.00 per share (subject to adjustment), plus accrued but unpaid dividends, provided we are then legally able to do so. This cash dividend would reduce the amount available for other corporate purposes, including the expansion of our business or distributions to the holders of our common stock.
In the event Quincy desires to sell any shares of common stock received pursuant to the Master Investment Agreement, other than a sale in the public market at fair market value (as defined in the Master Investment Agreement), Health Holdings and Westgate will have the right to sell in the proposed transaction a pro rata portion of common stock on the same terms and conditions.
The issuance of the shares of common stock under the Master Investment Agreement and the shares of common stock pursuant to the HHB Warrant and Quincy Warrants could cause substantial dilution to the other holders of the common stock, and the potential issuance of all such shares of common stock could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of common stock.
In the event Quincy desires to sell any shares of common stock received pursuant to the Master Investment Agreement, other than a sale in the public market at fair market value (as defined in the Master Investment Agreement), Health Holdings and Westgate will have the right to sell to the proposed transferee a pro rata portion of common stock on the same terms and conditions.
Before the transactions contemplated by the Master Investment Agreement:
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Health Holdings beneficially owned 68.8% of our common stock (assuming the exercise of all options and warrants and the conversion of all convertible securities). In addition, William B. Doyle, Jr. and Lionel P. Boissiere, each of whom was, until August 10, 2005, a director of Naturade, is a principal and a managing member of Doyle & Boissiere Fund I, LLC, a controlling shareholder of Health Holdings.
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Westgate beneficially owned 22.7% of our common stock (assuming the exercise of all options and warrants and the conversion of all convertible securities). In addition, Jay W. Brown and Robert V. Vitale, each of whom was, until August 10, 2005, a director of Naturade, is a principal with Westgate Group, LLC, the general partner of Westgate.
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Bill D. Stewart is the Chairman of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer of Naturade, and David A. Weil was, until August 10, 2005, a director of Naturade.
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We were indebted to Health Holdings, Stewart and Weil in the amount of $1,075,000, $100,000, and $75,000, respectively, under the Loan Agreement dated April 23, 2003.
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The public stockholders beneficially owned 6.0% of our common stock (assuming the exercise of all options and warrants and the conversion of all convertible securities).
As of December 31, 2005, Quincy, Laurus, Health Holdings and Westgate beneficially owned 47.4%, 13.8%, 17.0% and 5.7 %, respectively, of our common stock (assuming the exercise of all options and warrants and the conversion of all convertible securities), and the public stockholders beneficially owned 3.7%.
As a result of the recapitalization, Quincy has the ability to elect a majority of our Board of Directors, control the outcome of all matters requiring stockholder approval (except such matters as require a class vote of the Series C) and control our management and affairs (except to the extent the approval of Laurus is required under the Financing Agreement as defined below).
Financing
On July 26, 2005, we entered into a Security and Purchase Agreement (the “Financing Agreement”), with Laurus, pursuant to which the Company obtained a $4,000,000 financing facility composed of a $3,000,000 revolving credit facility and a $1,000,000 term loan. On January 11, 2006, this Financing Agreement was amended to include, among other things, an increase in the term loan to $1,650,000.
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For a more detailed description of the Financing Agreement, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Laurus Financing.”
Principal Stockholders
At December 31, 2005, Laurus, Quincy, Health Holdings and Westgate (the “Principal Stockholders”) collectively owned 79% of our outstanding common stock, 100% of our outstanding Series C and options and warrants to acquire an additional 34.3% of our
common stock (assuming the exercise of all options and warrants and the conversion of all convertible securities held by the Principal Stockholders). As a result, the Principal Stockholders have the ability to elect all of our directors, control the outcome of all matters requiring stockholder approval and control our management and affairs. For information on the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by each Principal Stockholder, see “Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.”
The Principal Stockholders hold the following options and warrants to purchase additional shares of common stock:
Acquisitions
Ageless, Symco and Symbiotics
On July 22, 2005, Quincy, Symco and Symbiotics entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Symco/Symbiotics Agreement”), pursuant to which Quincy had the right to acquire substantially all of the assets relating to Symco and Symbiotics’ health-related products retail business. As consideration for the assets, Quincy would (a) assume current accounts payable ($408,965) and the obligations under certain contracts, (b) pay all outstanding amounts owed under certain credit facilities ($224,313), (c) issue a promissory note payable to Symco and Symbiotics in the principal amount of $2,000,000, (x) less the amount necessary to repay the credit facilities, and (y) subject to a working capital adjustment, (d) pay an additional $60,000 in cash fifteen (15) days after the closing date and an additional $60,000 every thirty (30) days thereafter until the note is paid in full and (e) for a three (3) year period following the closing date, Quincy would pay to Symco and Symbiotics ten percent (10%) of the amount of the increase in contribution profit over a baseline amount of $2,000,000 based on the sale of products for each 12 month period during the three year period. The promissory note payable to Symco and Symbiotics is guaranteed by Peter H. Pocklington, a principal of Quincy, and since August 10, 2005, one of our directors. On July 27, 2005, Quincy and Ageless entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Ageless Agreement”), pursuant to which Quincy had the right to acquire substantially all of assets relating to Ageless’ health-related products retail business. As consideration for the assets, Quincy would (a) assume current accounts payable ($173,593), (b) assume an obligation to an employee of the company in an amount equal to $600,000 and (c) issue a promissory note payable to Ageless in the principal amount of $700,000, subject to a working capital adjustment. The promissory note payable to Ageless is guaranteed by Peter H. Pocklington, a principal of
Quincy, and since August 10, 2005, one of our directors. In this acquisition, we acquired the right to distribute, and substantially all of the assets related to, the Ageless™ line of anti-aging products.
On July 22, 2005, pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement, Quincy assigned to us all of its rights, title and interest in and to the Symco/Symbiotics Agreement, and we agreed to perform all of Quincy’s obligations under the Symco/Symbiotics Agreement. Pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement dated July 28, 2005, Quincy assigned to us all of its rights, title and interest in and to the Ageless Agreement, and we agreed to perform all of Quincy’s obligations under the Ageless Agreement. In connection with these transactions, we entered into consulting agreements with certain key employees of Symco/Symbiotics and Ageless. In addition, we are a co-maker on each of the promissory notes described above. Pursuant to the Consulting Agreement entered into by us and Naomi Balcombe (“Balcombe”), the founder of Ageless, (i) for a three (3) year period following the closing date, we will pay to Balcombe ten percent (10%) of the amount of the increase in contribution profit over a baseline amount of $900,000 based on the sale of products for each 12 month period during the three year period and (ii) issued to Ms. Balcombe 1,800,000 shares of common stock. Pursuant to the Consulting Agreements entered into by us and Douglas Wyatt, the founder of Symco and Symbiotics, and David W. Brown, the President of Symco and Symbiotics, we issued to Messrs. Wyatt and Brown 2,850,000 shares and 150,000 shares, respectively, of common stock.
On August 3, 2005, we closed the acquisition of Symco and Symbiotics. On September 30, we amended the terms of the acquisition to adjust the promissory note to include the subsequent purchase by us of a computer system and the payoff of a promissory note in the amount of $274,382. In addition, the payments on the promissory note were modified from a balloon payment due on February 3, 2006 to nine monthly installments of $3,500 from October 1, 2005 and annual payments of $518,500 on June 1, 2006, $450,000 on June 1, 2007 and $476,305 on June 1, 2008. In exchange for the elimination of the requirement for us to pay $60,000 for every thirty days the promissory note was outstanding, we agreed to make monthly interest payments of $15,000 from October 2005 to May 2006, $10,000 from June 2006 to May 2007 and $5,000 from June 2007 to May 2008.
On August 9, 2005, we closed the acquisition of Ageless.
At the time of the acquisitions, Quincy and the acquirees had no relationship to Naturade and Quincy and the acquirees were not related parties to each other. Under the terms of the Master Investment Agreement dated July 22, 2005, Quincy acted as a broker and facilitator and agreed to negotiate, and to arrange the financing for, Naturade’s acquisition of selected assets of Ageless, Symco and Symbiotics, and to remain as co-obligor on, and to cause a principal of Quincy to guarantee Naturade’s payment of, a portion of the purchase price.
In consideration of such services, Naturade agreed to issue Quincy 33,972,345 shares of common stock and to assume Quincy’s obligations under the Symco/Symbiotics Agreement and the Ageless Agreement. Among the obligations assumed by Naturade was the obligation to issue an aggregate of 3,000,000 shares of common stock to the founders of Symco and Symbiotics in consideration of consulting services to be rendered by them concerning the purchased assets. As a result, Naturade issued Quincy 30,972,345 shares of common stock and Symco and Symbiotics a combined 3,000,000 shares of common stock.
For further information on the assets and liabilities of Ageless, Symco and Symbiotics acquired by the Company, and those not acquired by the Company, see the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on February 28, 2006.
In connection with the foregoing transactions, Naturade and Doyle & Boissiere LLC terminated that certain Consulting Agreement dated December 17, 1997, Naturade and Westgate terminated that certain Management Services Agreement dated January 2, 2002, and Health Holdings and Westgate terminated that certain Voting Agreement dated January 2, 2002.
In November 2005, Quincy assumed the consulting agreement with David Brown and the Company issued Quincy 400,000 shares of common stock in compensation.
Registration Rights
Health Holdings, Westgate and Quincy
On July 22, 2005, we entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with Health Holdings, Westgate and Quincy providing them with certain rights to require us to register our common stock held by them or issuable to them upon the conversion of the Series C held by them or the exercise of the HHB Warrant or the Quincy Warrants. Under this agreement, Health Holdings, Westgate, Quincy
and certain of their transferees will have the right at any time after July 22, 2008 to require us to file a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) covering the registrable securities. If, however, the underwriter advises the holders that marketing factors require a limitation of the number of shares to be underwritten, then the number of registrable securities will be reduced on a pro rata basis.
Under certain circumstances, we will not be required to file a registration statement, including among others (i) if we had effected two previous registrations and such registration statements had been declared effective; and (ii) if we believe that it would be seriously detrimental to us and our stockholders for such registration to be effected at such time, we have the right to defer the filing for no more than 90 days. If we propose the filing of a registration statement under the Securities Act for the sale of shares of our common stock or for the resale of shares of our common stock by other selling stockholders, Health Holdings, Westgate and Quincy have 20 days to request that their shares be included in such registration statement. If, however, it is an underwritten offering and the underwriter advises us that the inclusion of such registrable securities may adversely affect the offering, the registrable securities will be reduced on a pro rata basis.
Whenever required under this agreement to effect a registration of the registrable securities, we will prepare and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) a registration statement and use all commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective and keep it effective for up to 180 days, or, if earlier, until the distribution contemplated by the registration statement has been completed.
| 10,657 |
https://github.com/usegalaxy-no/usegalaxy/blob/master/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible_collections/fortinet/fortimanager/plugins/modules/fmgr_devprof_system_snmp_user.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
usegalaxy
|
usegalaxy-no
|
Python
|
Code
| 1,811 | 6,730 |
#!/usr/bin/python
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
# Copyright 2019-2021 Fortinet, Inc.
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
__metaclass__ = type
ANSIBLE_METADATA = {'status': ['preview'],
'supported_by': 'community',
'metadata_version': '1.1'}
DOCUMENTATION = '''
---
module: fmgr_devprof_system_snmp_user
short_description: SNMP user configuration.
description:
- This module is able to configure a FortiManager device.
- Examples include all parameters and values which need to be adjusted to data sources before usage.
version_added: "2.10"
author:
- Link Zheng (@chillancezen)
- Jie Xue (@JieX19)
- Frank Shen (@fshen01)
- Hongbin Lu (@fgtdev-hblu)
notes:
- Running in workspace locking mode is supported in this FortiManager module, the top
level parameters workspace_locking_adom and workspace_locking_timeout help do the work.
- To create or update an object, use state present directive.
- To delete an object, use state absent directive.
- Normally, running one module can fail when a non-zero rc is returned. you can also override
the conditions to fail or succeed with parameters rc_failed and rc_succeeded
options:
enable_log:
description: Enable/Disable logging for task
required: false
type: bool
default: false
proposed_method:
description: The overridden method for the underlying Json RPC request
required: false
type: str
choices:
- update
- set
- add
bypass_validation:
description: only set to True when module schema diffs with FortiManager API structure, module continues to execute without validating parameters
required: false
type: bool
default: false
workspace_locking_adom:
description: the adom to lock for FortiManager running in workspace mode, the value can be global and others including root
required: false
type: str
workspace_locking_timeout:
description: the maximum time in seconds to wait for other user to release the workspace lock
required: false
type: int
default: 300
state:
description: the directive to create, update or delete an object
type: str
required: true
choices:
- present
- absent
rc_succeeded:
description: the rc codes list with which the conditions to succeed will be overriden
type: list
required: false
rc_failed:
description: the rc codes list with which the conditions to fail will be overriden
type: list
required: false
adom:
description: the parameter (adom) in requested url
type: str
required: true
devprof:
description: the parameter (devprof) in requested url
type: str
required: true
devprof_system_snmp_user:
description: the top level parameters set
required: false
type: dict
suboptions:
auth-proto:
type: str
description: 'Authentication protocol.'
choices:
- 'md5'
- 'sha'
- 'sha224'
- 'sha256'
- 'sha384'
- 'sha512'
auth-pwd:
description: no description
type: str
events:
description: no description
type: list
choices:
- cpu-high
- mem-low
- log-full
- intf-ip
- vpn-tun-up
- vpn-tun-down
- ha-switch
- fm-conf-change
- ips-signature
- ips-anomaly
- temperature-high
- voltage-alert
- av-virus
- av-oversize
- av-pattern
- av-fragmented
- ha-hb-failure
- fan-failure
- ha-member-up
- ha-member-down
- ent-conf-change
- av-conserve
- av-bypass
- av-oversize-passed
- av-oversize-blocked
- ips-pkg-update
- fm-if-change
- power-supply-failure
- amc-bypass
- faz-disconnect
- bgp-established
- bgp-backward-transition
- wc-ap-up
- wc-ap-down
- fswctl-session-up
- fswctl-session-down
- ips-fail-open
- load-balance-real-server-down
- device-new
- enter-intf-bypass
- exit-intf-bypass
- per-cpu-high
- power-blade-down
- confsync_failure
- dhcp
- pool-usage
- power-redundancy-degrade
- power-redundancy-failure
- ospf-nbr-state-change
- ospf-virtnbr-state-change
ha-direct:
type: str
description: 'Enable/disable direct management of HA cluster members.'
choices:
- 'disable'
- 'enable'
name:
type: str
description: 'SNMP user name.'
notify-hosts:
description: no description
type: str
notify-hosts6:
type: str
description: 'IPv6 SNMP managers to send notifications (traps) to.'
priv-proto:
type: str
description: 'Privacy (encryption) protocol.'
choices:
- 'aes'
- 'des'
- 'aes256'
- 'aes256cisco'
priv-pwd:
description: no description
type: str
queries:
type: str
description: 'Enable/disable SNMP queries for this user.'
choices:
- 'disable'
- 'enable'
query-port:
type: int
description: 'SNMPv3 query port (default = 161).'
security-level:
type: str
description: 'Security level for message authentication and encryption.'
choices:
- 'no-auth-no-priv'
- 'auth-no-priv'
- 'auth-priv'
source-ip:
type: str
description: 'Source IP for SNMP trap.'
source-ipv6:
type: str
description: 'Source IPv6 for SNMP trap.'
status:
type: str
description: 'Enable/disable this SNMP user.'
choices:
- 'disable'
- 'enable'
trap-lport:
type: int
description: 'SNMPv3 local trap port (default = 162).'
trap-rport:
type: int
description: 'SNMPv3 trap remote port (default = 162).'
trap-status:
type: str
description: 'Enable/disable traps for this SNMP user.'
choices:
- 'disable'
- 'enable'
'''
EXAMPLES = '''
- hosts: fortimanager00
collections:
- fortinet.fortimanager
connection: httpapi
vars:
ansible_httpapi_use_ssl: True
ansible_httpapi_validate_certs: False
ansible_httpapi_port: 443
tasks:
- name: SNMP user configuration.
fmgr_devprof_system_snmp_user:
bypass_validation: False
adom: ansible
devprof: 'ansible-test' # system template name, could find it in FortiManager UI: Device Manager --> Provisioning Templates --> System Templates
state: present
devprof_system_snmp_user:
auth-proto: md5
auth-pwd: 'fortinet'
events:
- cpu-high
- mem-low
- log-full
- intf-ip
- vpn-tun-up
- vpn-tun-down
- ha-switch
- fm-conf-change
- ips-signature
- ips-anomaly
- temperature-high
- voltage-alert
- av-virus
- av-oversize
- av-pattern
- av-fragmented
- ha-hb-failure
- fan-failure
- ha-member-up
- ha-member-down
- ent-conf-change
- av-conserve
- av-bypass
- av-oversize-passed
- av-oversize-blocked
- ips-pkg-update
- fm-if-change
- power-supply-failure
- amc-bypass
- faz-disconnect
- bgp-established
- bgp-backward-transition
- wc-ap-up
- wc-ap-down
- fswctl-session-up
- fswctl-session-down
- ips-fail-open
- load-balance-real-server-down
- device-new
- enter-intf-bypass
- exit-intf-bypass
- per-cpu-high
- power-blade-down
- confsync_failure
ha-direct: disable
name: 'ansible-test'
- name: gathering fortimanager facts
hosts: fortimanager00
gather_facts: no
connection: httpapi
collections:
- fortinet.fortimanager
vars:
ansible_httpapi_use_ssl: True
ansible_httpapi_validate_certs: False
ansible_httpapi_port: 443
tasks:
- name: retrieve all the scripts
fmgr_fact:
facts:
selector: 'devprof_system_snmp_user'
params:
adom: 'ansible'
devprof: 'ansible-test' # system template name, could find it in FortiManager UI: Device Manager --> Provisioning Templates --> System Templates
user: ''
'''
RETURN = '''
request_url:
description: The full url requested
returned: always
type: str
sample: /sys/login/user
response_code:
description: The status of api request
returned: always
type: int
sample: 0
response_message:
description: The descriptive message of the api response
type: str
returned: always
sample: OK.
'''
from ansible.module_utils.basic import AnsibleModule
from ansible.module_utils.connection import Connection
from ansible_collections.fortinet.fortimanager.plugins.module_utils.napi import NAPIManager
from ansible_collections.fortinet.fortimanager.plugins.module_utils.napi import check_galaxy_version
from ansible_collections.fortinet.fortimanager.plugins.module_utils.napi import check_parameter_bypass
def main():
jrpc_urls = [
'/pm/config/adom/{adom}/devprof/{devprof}/system/snmp/user'
]
perobject_jrpc_urls = [
'/pm/config/adom/{adom}/devprof/{devprof}/system/snmp/user/{user}'
]
url_params = ['adom', 'devprof']
module_primary_key = 'name'
module_arg_spec = {
'enable_log': {
'type': 'bool',
'required': False,
'default': False
},
'forticloud_access_token': {
'type': 'str',
'required': False,
'no_log': True
},
'proposed_method': {
'type': 'str',
'required': False,
'choices': [
'set',
'update',
'add'
]
},
'bypass_validation': {
'type': 'bool',
'required': False,
'default': False
},
'workspace_locking_adom': {
'type': 'str',
'required': False
},
'workspace_locking_timeout': {
'type': 'int',
'required': False,
'default': 300
},
'rc_succeeded': {
'required': False,
'type': 'list'
},
'rc_failed': {
'required': False,
'type': 'list'
},
'state': {
'type': 'str',
'required': True,
'choices': [
'present',
'absent'
]
},
'adom': {
'required': True,
'type': 'str'
},
'devprof': {
'required': True,
'type': 'str'
},
'devprof_system_snmp_user': {
'required': False,
'type': 'dict',
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'options': {
'auth-proto': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'choices': [
'md5',
'sha',
'sha224',
'sha256',
'sha384',
'sha512'
],
'type': 'str'
},
'auth-pwd': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'type': 'str'
},
'events': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'type': 'list',
'choices': [
'cpu-high',
'mem-low',
'log-full',
'intf-ip',
'vpn-tun-up',
'vpn-tun-down',
'ha-switch',
'fm-conf-change',
'ips-signature',
'ips-anomaly',
'temperature-high',
'voltage-alert',
'av-virus',
'av-oversize',
'av-pattern',
'av-fragmented',
'ha-hb-failure',
'fan-failure',
'ha-member-up',
'ha-member-down',
'ent-conf-change',
'av-conserve',
'av-bypass',
'av-oversize-passed',
'av-oversize-blocked',
'ips-pkg-update',
'fm-if-change',
'power-supply-failure',
'amc-bypass',
'faz-disconnect',
'bgp-established',
'bgp-backward-transition',
'wc-ap-up',
'wc-ap-down',
'fswctl-session-up',
'fswctl-session-down',
'ips-fail-open',
'load-balance-real-server-down',
'device-new',
'enter-intf-bypass',
'exit-intf-bypass',
'per-cpu-high',
'power-blade-down',
'confsync_failure',
'dhcp',
'pool-usage',
'power-redundancy-degrade',
'power-redundancy-failure',
'ospf-nbr-state-change',
'ospf-virtnbr-state-change'
]
},
'ha-direct': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'choices': [
'disable',
'enable'
],
'type': 'str'
},
'name': {
'required': True,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'type': 'str'
},
'notify-hosts': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'type': 'str'
},
'notify-hosts6': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'type': 'str'
},
'priv-proto': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'choices': [
'aes',
'des',
'aes256',
'aes256cisco'
],
'type': 'str'
},
'priv-pwd': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'type': 'str'
},
'queries': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'choices': [
'disable',
'enable'
],
'type': 'str'
},
'query-port': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'type': 'int'
},
'security-level': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'choices': [
'no-auth-no-priv',
'auth-no-priv',
'auth-priv'
],
'type': 'str'
},
'source-ip': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'type': 'str'
},
'source-ipv6': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'type': 'str'
},
'status': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'choices': [
'disable',
'enable'
],
'type': 'str'
},
'trap-lport': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'type': 'int'
},
'trap-rport': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'type': 'int'
},
'trap-status': {
'required': False,
'revision': {
'6.0.0': True,
'6.2.1': True,
'6.2.3': True,
'6.2.5': True,
'6.4.0': True,
'6.4.2': False,
'6.4.5': True,
'7.0.0': True
},
'choices': [
'disable',
'enable'
],
'type': 'str'
}
}
}
}
params_validation_blob = []
check_galaxy_version(module_arg_spec)
module = AnsibleModule(argument_spec=check_parameter_bypass(module_arg_spec, 'devprof_system_snmp_user'),
supports_check_mode=False)
fmgr = None
if module._socket_path:
connection = Connection(module._socket_path)
connection.set_option('enable_log', module.params['enable_log'] if 'enable_log' in module.params else False)
connection.set_option('forticloud_access_token',
module.params['forticloud_access_token'] if 'forticloud_access_token' in module.params else None)
fmgr = NAPIManager(jrpc_urls, perobject_jrpc_urls, module_primary_key, url_params, module, connection, top_level_schema_name='data')
fmgr.validate_parameters(params_validation_blob)
fmgr.process_curd(argument_specs=module_arg_spec)
else:
module.fail_json(msg='MUST RUN IN HTTPAPI MODE')
module.exit_json(meta=module.params)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
| 31,540 |
W2953252110.txt_1
|
Open-Science-Pile
|
Open Science
|
Various open science
| 2,014 |
Annotating RNA motifs in sequences and alignments
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 6,724 | 12,387 |
Preprint
Bio
Annotating RNA motifs in sequences and alignments
Paul P. Gardner1,2 *, Hisham Eldai1
Abstract
RNA performs a diverse array of important functions across all cellular life. These functions include important roles in
translation, building translational machinery and maturing messenger RNA. More recent discoveries include the miRNAs
and bacterial sRNAs that regulate gene expression, the thermosensors, riboswitches and other cis-regulatory elements
that help prokaryotes sense their environment and eukaryotic piRNAs that suppress transposition. However, there can
be a long period between the initial discovery of a RNA and determining its function. We present a bioinformatic
approach to characterise RNA motifs, which are the central building blocks of RNA structure. These motifs can, in
some instances, provide researchers with functional hypotheses for uncharacterised RNAs. Moreover, we introduce a
new profile-based database of RNA motifs - RMfam - and illustrate its application for investigating the evolution and
functional characterisation of RNA.
All the data and scripts associated with this work is available from: https://github.com/ppgardne/RMfam
Keywords
RNA — Motifs — Homology
1 School
of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
*Corresponding author: paul.gardner@canterbury.ac.nz
2 Biomolecular
1. Introduction
Characterising functional RNAs is an extraordinarily difficult
task. Even highly transcribed RNAs from model organisms
have remained uncharacterised for decades after their discovery. A specific example is the 6S sRNA, which was discovered
in 1971. The 6S sRNA is conserved across Bacteria and is
highly expressed in stationary-phase cells [1, 2]. But the role
of 6S as a regulator of RNA polymerase remained an enigma
for almost three decades [3]. Likewise, Y RNA, which was
discovered in 1981, is broadly conserved across metazoans
and is highly expressed [4]. It took two and a half decades
before Y RNAs were shown to be essential for the initiation
of DNA replication [5]. However, the mechanism for Y RNA
function still remains unclear. These and similar examples
show that it is remarkably difficult to functionally characterise
RNAs, even after decades of work.
A new generation of tools for RNA discovery is now available thanks to powerful new sequencing technologies. Entire
transcriptomes from species at different life stages, tissue
types and conditions can be studied with RNA-seq [6, 7, 8].
The total complement of RNA structures encoded in transcriptomes is also accessible with SHAPE-seq [9] and functional
regions of entire genomes of bacteria can be probed with techniques like TraDIS and Tn-seq [10, 11]. The data obtained by
these tools are unearthing novel RNAs at an unprecedented
rate, many of which are evolutionarily conserved, highly expressed, activated under specific conditions, essential and fold
into conserved secondary structures. Annotation efforts such
as those by the Rfam consortium [12, 13] are useful. However,
many RNAs are not found in this database and many that have
been curated remain uncharacterised [8]. To make sense of
the volumes of transcriptome data that is now being generated,
annotating this data and functionally characterising the cohort
of RNAs of Unknown Function (RUFs) is critical. A complication for such work is that evolutionary turnover, as well
as sequence variation can be high for ncRNAs [14, 15]. Consequently homology searches and other sequence-alignment
based analyses can be very challenging.
Many RNAs contain functional structures that recur both
within and across different RNA families. These motifs provide signatures that can identify functional components of
RNA sequences. The motifs that have been characterised to
date are involved in a diverse number of functions. These
include imparting structural stability, facilitating interactions
with other biomolecules, specifying cellular localisation and
coordinating gene regulatory signals [16, 17, 18, 19]
A number of publications detail bioinformatic methods
for the de novo discovery of RNA motifs from RNA primary sequences [20, 21]. There are also tools that can screen
RNA secondary structures [22] and RNA tertiary structures
[23]. The de scito (knowledge-based) approaches for the
annotation of RNA motifs include sequence and structure
descriptors [24, 25], primary and secondary structure-based
profile methods for specific motifs [26, 27] and even methods that combine primary, secondary and tertiary data [19].
We complement these approaches by introducing a resource
that identifies a range of previously characterised RNA motifs
in RNA sequences and alignments using covariance models
(CMs) [28, 29, 30, 31, 32].
Annotating RNA motifs in sequences and alignments — 2/9
We present 34 alignments, consensus structures and corresponding probabilistic models of published RNA motifs.
We call this resource RMfam, or RNA Motif Families (all
associated data and computer code is freely available from
our repository hosted on GitHub: http://github.com/
ppgardne/RMfam). These have been used to predict approximately 1, 900 conserved motifs in the Rfam (v11.0) alignments of RNA families; many of which are confirmed in the
published literature. Finally, we show examples of the applicability of our approach for studying RNA function, evolution
and alignment curation.
2. MATERIALS & METHODS
2.1 Distinction between Rfam and RMfam
The Rfam database collects and curates “seed alignments” of
RNA families. These are non-coding RNAs, cis-regulatory elements and self-splicing introns. The alignments are manually
constructed and annotated with consensus secondary structures, and used to seed probabilities for covariance models
(CMs) for each family. The Rfam CMs are widely used for
genome annotation projects to identify RNA loci (e.g. [33]).
A requirement before each family can pass Rfam qualitycontrol is that it is specific. In other words, there exists a
bit score threshold for each CM that distinguishes between
sequence matches that are related to the family and obvious
false-positive matches. Consequently, many RNA motifs are
not included in Rfam as they lack the required specificity
[34, 35, 36, 12, 13].
2.2 What is an RNA motif?
For the purposes of this work an RNA motif is a non-trivial,
recurring RNA sequence and/or secondary structure that can
be predominantly described by local sequence and secondary
structure elements. The motif is generally not restricted to
a particular family or taxonomic group. Note that in other
contexts, such as structural biology, a more general definition
of motif is frequently used, e.g. [37].
Accurate probabilistic methods for annotating structured
RNAs on DNA sequences called hidden Markov models
(HMMs) and covariance models (CMs) are now available
[28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 38]. From a given alignment, probabilistic models of conserved sequence (HMMs) and conserved
sequence plus secondary-structure (CMs) can be built and
used to filter large numbers of sequences for candidate homologous and/or analogous regions [39]. CMs cater to the
characteristics of RNA sequence evolution that are imposed
by basepairing (i.e. variation tends to preserve basepairing),
the result is that the accuracy of CMs is greater than alternative approaches [40]. The computational speed of CMs has
tended to be poor, however a lot of effort has been expended
on improving the speed of the approach while maintaining the
accuracy. Improvements include using HMMs as pre-filters
to accelerate CMs, query-dependent banding and Dirichlet
mixture priors [41, 39, 42, 38, 43].
RMfam sequences, structures and alignments were collated from a variety of heterogeneous and sometimes overlapping data repositories [12, 23, 44, 27, 45, 46, 47, 48, 37,
49, 50, 51]. Where possible we sourced data from publicly
accessible RNA motif resources, these included the FR3D
MotifLibrary [37], the models supplied with RMDetect [19],
the comparative RNA website [47] and SCOR [46]. We also
used information from specialised resources such as the kturn structural database [44] and SRPDB [52], as well as
generating our own alignments for motifs such as the ShineDalgarno and Rho-independent terminators based upon the
context of genome annotations (e.g. [27]). RNAFrabase was
frequently used as a source of RNA secondary structure annotations derived from PDB structures [53, 54]. Finally, where
necessary, we extracted sequences from publications. This
was often a manual effort, involving manually transcribing sequences and structures from figures in published manuscripts.
Where possible, these were mapped to PDB (downloaded
June 2014) nucleotide sequences [55, 56, 57], the EMBL
nucleotide archive [58] and Rfam (v11.0) [12, 13]. The provenance of each dataset is stored in the corresponding Stockholm
alignment. Each of these motifs were then passed through
quality control steps, where the sensitivity and specificity of
the resulting motif is assessed (See Figures 1 and S10-S43). If
these failed (e.g. the CM cannot identify member sequences
or the false-positive rate is extremely high), then the motif
was not included in the database. Each motif is also assigned
a curated score-threshold. This threshold (in bits) provides a
reasonable distinction between true and false matches.
2.3 Benchmarking motif annotations
In the following we briefly describe the benchmarks we have
used to evaluate our motif annotations. These are described
in further detail and with more elaborate results in the Supplementary Materials.
In order to determine the accuracy of our approach we
ran a series of three benchmarks. These were evaluated on
individual motifs (see Figures 1B and S10-S43), as well as
on the collective RMfam results (see Figures 1A and S9).
The first uses “RMfam sequences” which are taken from the
seed alignments. Ten shuffled sequences, with identical dinucleotide distributions, were generated for each RMfam seed
sequence [59]. Together these serve as positive and negative
controls for our test.
We constructed two further tests based upon Rfam (v11.0)
families. We identified Rfam families where there exists good
evidence (primarily based upon literature) that a motif is conserved in the family of related sequences (Supplementary
Table 1). These serve as positive controls for two further tests.
For the “Rfam sequences” benchmark we randomly selected at
Annotating RNA motifs in sequences and alignments — 3/9
least five sequences from each Rfam seed alignment (if fewer
than five sequences were available, then all were included).
We generated ten shuffled versions of each sequence; all had
an identical di-nucleotide distribution to the native sequence.
These sequences were all annotated with RMfam motifs, their
CM scores were recorded and used to evaluate the accuracy of
the annotations. Finally, for a “Rfam alignments” benchmark,
we evaluated the accuracy of RMfam annotations in an alignment context. Each Rfam alignment was filtered, removing
sequences more than 90% identical. The remaining sequences
were annotated with RMfam CMs, retaining only those that
cover more than 10% of the seed sequences and more than
two Rfam seed sequences. The summary statistic we use for
this final benchmark is a “sum-bits” score, this is the sum of
the bit scores for each match in all the sequences in a seed.
The accuracy metrics that we report here are the Matthew’s
correlation coefficient (MCC) [60], sensitivity and specificity.
The CMs built from RNA motifs tend to be short and
contain little sequence information. In RMfam the mean sequence length is just 34.3 nucleotides and the mean number of
basepairs is 10.9. Therefore scans of large sequence databases
with these models result in a number of false-positives. We
propose that annotating sequence alignments of ncRNAs have
the potential to improve the specificity of our predictions. This
assumes that evolutionarily conserved motifs are more likely
to be correct. In theory this approach could be extended to
genome alignments of e.g. transcribed regions.
3. RESULTS
In this study we present 34 RMfam alignments and probabilistic models of published RNA motifs (all freely available from
our repository hosted on GitHub: http://github.com/
ppgardne/RMfam). These have been used to predict approximately 2, 500 conserved motifs in the Rfam (v11.0) seed
alignments; many of which are confirmed in the published
literature. Furthermore, our permutation tests have shown
that both the sensitivity and specificity of this approach is
remarkably high given the short motifs we use (See Figures 1
and S9-S44).
3.1 Function
One of the most labour intensive stages of RNA research is
identifying the function of newly discovered RNAs. In order to illustrate the utility of RMfam for this task we show
the matches between a model of the CsrA-binding site and
two RNA families of unknown function, TwoAYGGAY and
Bacillaceae-1 (Rfam IDs RF01731 and RF01690, see Figure 2). CsrA is a bacterial RNA binding protein that regulates
the translation and stability of mRNAs [62]. It binds mRNAs
carrying CsrA binding motifs, physically occluding ribosomebinding sites. This binding can itself be regulated by competition between the mRNAs and highly expressed sRNAs
that host numerous CsrA binding sites. However, this class of
sRNA (CsrB, CsrC, RsmX, RsmY and RsmZ) has only been
identified in Gammaproteobacteria [63, 64]. The ncRNAs,
TwoAYGGAY and Bacillaceae-1, were initially discovered in
a large-scale bioinformatic screen [65]. Some further analysis
identified two tandem-GAs in one of the stems that characterise the structure of TwoAYGGAY [19]. The matches
between these families and the CsrA binding motif were discovered in this work and provide a testable hypothesis for
further validation that there are also CsrA binding sRNAs in
Clostridia (TwoAYGGAY), and Bacillales and Lactobacillales
(Bacillaceae-1). The validation of these predictions is a work
in progress with our collaborators.
3.2 Evolution
Non-coding RNAs are remarkably tolerant of genetic variation, as evident by the wide degree of sequence variation
that can be found between evolutionarily related ncRNAs
[66, 67, 68, 15]. However, structure frequently constrains the
evolution of RNA sequences. That said, structures can also be
dynamic. For example, motifs that confer structural stability
can be exchanged over time, resulting in a rich and complex
evolutionary history. This illustrates that studying the gain
and loss of RNA motifs over evolutionary time-scales can
help characterise the dynamic evolution of RNA sequences
and structures.
A good example of this is the Lysine riboswitch. This is a
convenient example, that for illustrative purposes that we will
describe in further detail. As illustrated in Figure 3 many motifs may be exchanged, e.g. the U-turn motif with a k-turn in
the P2 stem or the T-loop and the GNRA tetraloop in stem P4.
Interestingly, the motif distributions are relatively clade-like,
with closely related riboswitches more likely to share motifs, e.g. the GNRA tetraloop found in the Pasteurellales and
Vibrionales taxonomic groups. This type of annotation information is valuable for researchers investigating the structure
and evolution of RNA families.
3.3 Curation
Another use of the results presented in this work is of importance for the curators of RNA alignments and sequences
[12, 69, 70]. Until now it has been difficult to analyse the evolutionary conservation of motifs in the context of an alignment,
although some progress has been made when crystallographic
data is available, e.g. the RNASTAR collection of structural
RNA alignments [70]. With the help of RMfam, malformed
alignments can be detected and corrected where conserved
RNA motifs are incorrectly aligned. We illustrate an example
of this for the Rfam (v11.0) 5S rRNA alignment that contains
a misaligned, yet highly conserved sarcin-ricin motif (see Figure S45), and for the Rfam RsmY alignment, which is a CsrA
binding sRNA. The RsmY alignment has a mis-annotated
consensus structure that does not include a further CsrA binding motif (see Figure S46). These motifs generally occur in
pairs, as CsrA is a homodimeric protein, with each half of the
protein binding a motif [71, 72].
Annotating RNA motifs in sequences and alignments — 4/9
B.MCC values
x
0.6
sum−bits=145
maxMCC=0.68
x
x
0.4
bits=18.5
maxMCC=0.66
0.2
Sensitivity
0.8
1.0
A. ROC plot
0.0
Rfam alignments (sum−bits)
Rfam sequences (bits)
RMfam sequences (bits)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
bits=19
maxMCC=0.38
0.8
Specificity
x
1.0
Rfam alignments (sum−bits)
Rfam sequences (bits)
RMfam sequences (bits)
HuR_binding
VTS1_binding
vapC_target
C−loop
CUYG
k−turn−1
AUF1_binding
UAA_GAN
RBS_E_coli
Roquin_binding
RBS_H_pylori
ANYA
RBS_B_subtilis
TRIT
sarcin−ricin−1
right_angle−3
T−loop
GNRA
UNCG
U−turn
UMAC
sarcin−ricin−2
CsrA_binding
right_angle−2
docking_elbow
tandem−GA
SRP_S_domain
k−turn−2
Terminator2
CRC_binding
Terminator1
pK−turn
twist_up
Domain−V
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
max(MCC)
Figure 1. In the above plots we assess the accuracy of motif annotation and test whether annotating alignments instead of
sequences improves the prediction accuracy. We have applied three different benchmarks (described in the text). In sub-figure
A we show a ROC plot for pooled RMfam annotations. This plots the sensitivity versus specificity of all the motif annotations
on sequences or alignments at different score thresholds. The ’x’s illustrate where on the curve the maximum Matthew’s
Correlation Coefficient is located, and the corresponding bit scores are indicated. In sub-figure B we illustrate the maximum
MCC of CM annotation for each motif from the 3 different benchmarks.
4. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION
The chief motivation for this work is to functionally characterise novel ncRNAs. Our vision for the RMfam resource is to
annotate RNAs of unknown function (e.g. [8]). These motif
annotations will help develop further functional hypotheses
and accelerate experimental characterisation.
In this work, we have shown that RMfam is surprisingly
accurate. Despite the fact that the average RMfam motif consists of just 34.3 nucleotides and 10.9 basepairs, we show that
the covariance models are specific enough to distinguish between motif-hosting sequences and negative control sequences
(See Figures 1 and S10-S43). Our approach shows improved
performance when evolutionary information encoded in Rfam
sequence alignments is incorporated into the predictions. We
hypothesise that annotated genome alignments may be a useful source of motifs and we will investigate this idea further
in future. As a discovery tool this resource has already made
some useful predictions. We have predicted the existence
of two new CsrA binding ncRNAs, potentially the first of
this class of regulatory molecules to be found outside of the
Gammaproteobacteria. However, further work needs to be
carried out to validate this claim.
4.1 Future work and potential applications
We have identified some future developments and applications
for the RMfam resource. We plan to continue developing the
accuracy of the motif annotation tools as well as increase the
access to RMfam annotations via other databases and expand
the number of motifs included in RMfam. Furthermore, it may
be possible to boost the accuracy of RNA secondary structure
prediction tools by constraining these with predicted motifs.
We elaborate further on these ideas below.
The Lysine riboswitch example raises the possibility that
certain types of motif are preferentially exchanged during
the evolution of ncRNAs. Do stable hairpin motifs such as
the GNRA and T-loops replace each other more frequently
than we expect by chance? This would blur the lines between
our understanding of homologous and analogous structures
[73]. Another possibility is that certain motifs co-occur more
frequently than we expect. For example, are k-turns more
frequently closed by U-turns than we expect? If correct, these
enrichments of favoured exchanges and co-occurances could
be used to increase our confidence in motif annotations and
Annotating RNA motifs in sequences and alignments — 5/9
Y GG
A
A
C
Y
C G
G G
C
G
G
Y
Y
Y
R
U
GG A
A
C G
5´
AY
G
GY Y
G
G
Y AC R R
RC
R Y
CsrA binding motif
5'
R
Y R
G
G R
R C RA
C
G
YGY
G
U
A
R Y
G C
CA
GUY
Core TwoAYGGAY
GG A
U
A
C G
R Y
Y R
C G
Y R
5'
U
GG A
A
C
C G
A U
C G
C G
G YG
Y
U
U
C
G
U
C GAU
G C
G C
Y R
R Y
Y G
A
Y UCCUUY
Legend
base pair annotations
covarying mutations
compatible mutations
no mutations observed
YY
RevComp Bacillaceae-1
nucleotide
nucleotide
present
identity
80% 60% N 80%
70% 40% N 70%
N 60%
R = A or G. Y = C or U.
Figure 2. The secondary structures and sequence conservation of CsrA binding motif and two new candidate CsrA binding
sRNAs, TwoAYGGAY and Bacillaceae-1 illustrated with R2R [61]. These families each have two strong matches to the
CsrA-binding motif, this new evidence provides a strong case that these RNAs regulate the activity of the regulatory protein,
CsrA, by sequestering this nucleotide-binding protein. The “core” of the TwoAYGGAY structure is shown, the Rfam (v11.0)
model contains a further external stem that is not well conserved. Also, the reverse-complement (RevComp) of the
Bacillaceae-1 is illustrated, this strand has the matches to the CsrA binding motif and the original discoverers of this ncRNA
are not confident of the strand (personal communication, Weinberg Z).
can assist with the design of functional RNAs.
Typical RNA structure prediction methods to not incorporate information about RNA motifs. We propose that RMfam predictions can be used as constraints for existing RNA
structure prediction software, thus improving the accuracy of
structure prediction tools which can often be inaccurate [74].
This approach is analogous to the fragment-library approach
that is frequently used for tertiary structure prediction [75].
Another application for RMfam covariance models is as a
pre-filter to accelerate the more complex methods, for example, the Bayesian network approach implemented in RMdetect
[19].
Increasing the access of motif annotations is another goal
of the authors. We are active in the Rfam and RNAcentral
consortia, both of which curate non-coding RNAs, the former
ncRNA alignments and the latter ncRNA sequences [12, 69,
13]. Our results show that curators can benefit greatly from
motif annotations (see Figures S44-S45) and it is likely that
RMfam annotations will be incorporated into these databases
in future releases.
New technologies such as the sequencing of cross-linked
RNA and protein are a potential source of new RNA-protein
motifs. In the future we will mine these datasets [76, 77,
78] for new additions to the RMfam database. Furthermore,
we will continue to add new motifs to RMfam as they are
published.
Finally, as previously mentioned, the specificity of the
RMfam annotations is generally low. However, incorporating
the genomic and taxonomic context of annotations into the
predictions may result in performance gains. For example,
Shine-Dalgarno and rho-independent terminators are generally located in bacterial sequences and at the extremities of
annotated genes. A probabilistic incorporation of contextual
information will likely result in further performance gains.
In summary, we have developed a resource for annotating
diverse sets of RNA motifs in nucleotide sequences and alignments. We have proven the accuracy using benchmarks, and
the utility of this resource for alignment curation, evolutionary
analyses and shown that it has some promise for the prediction
of RNA function.
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work would not be possible without input from a large
community of RNA researchers that openly share their results. It has benefited from many discussions with members
of the Xfam Consortium, the RNA Ontology Consortium and
attendees of the 2012 Benasque Meeting on RNA. A special
thanks to Lars Barquist, Elena Rivas, Rob Knight, Eric Westhof, Zasha Weinberg, Anthony Poole, Peter Fineran and two
anonymous reviewers for their valuable contributions.
PPG is supported by a Rutherford Discovery Fellowship
from Government funding, administered by the Royal Society
of New Zealand.
5.0.1 Conflict of interest statement.
None declared.
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Figure 3. The Lysine riboswitch has substituted different motifs through its evolution. On the left is a representation of the
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annotates in the Lysine Rfam (v11.0) seed alignment, the percentage of seed sequences hosting each motif is also indicated. On
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[19]
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[20]
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[11]
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the Salmonella serovars Typhi and Typhimurium. Nucleic
Acids Res, 41(8):4549–64, Apr 2013.
L Barquist, C J Boinett, and A K Cain. Approaches
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Annotating RNA motifs in sequences and alignments — 7/9
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in avian genomes. ArXiv e-prints, June 2014.
[34]
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and S R Eddy. Rfam: an RNA family database. Nucleic
Acids Res, 31(1):439–41, Jan 2003.
[35]
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Annotating RNA motifs in sequences and alignments — 8/9
[49]
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M Gorospe. Identification of a target RNA motif for
RNA-binding protein HuR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
101(9):2987–92, Mar 2004.
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N B Leontis. Classification and energetics of the basephosphate interactions in RNA. Nucleic Acids Res,
37(15):4898–918, Aug 2009.
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L Jaeger. The right angle (RA) motif: a prevalent ribosomal RNA structural pattern found in group I introns. J
Mol Biol, 424(1-2):54–67, Nov 2012.
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Kinship in the SRP RNA family. RNA Biol, 6(5):508–16,
2009.
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Adamiak. RNA FRABASE version 1.0: an engine with
a database to search for the three-dimensional fragments
within RNA structures. Nucleic Acids Res, 36(Database
issue):D386–91, Jan 2008.
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Burke, J Blazewicz, and R W Adamiak. RNA FRABASE
2.0: an advanced web-accessible database with the capacity to search the three-dimensional fragments within
RNA structures. BMC Bioinformatics, 11:231, 2010.
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and distribution systems of the RCSB Protein Data Bank.
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M Corbett, Y Cheng, F Demiralp, N Faruque,
N Goodgame, R Gibson, G Hoad, C Hunter, M Jang,
S Leonard, Q Lin, R Lopez, M Maguire, H McWilliam,
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154(Pt 1):16–29, Jan 2008.
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Yarosh, S M Kelly, B Nabet, D Mecenas, W Li, R S
Laishram, M Qiao, H D Lipshitz, F Piano, A H Corbett,
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Jul 2013.
| 6,665 |
https://github.com/urbanjs/urbanjs-tools/blob/master/packages/urbanjs-tools/src/types.ts
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,017 |
urbanjs-tools
|
urbanjs
|
TypeScript
|
Code
| 142 | 483 |
import {Container} from 'inversify';
import {
IGulp,
ToolParameters,
ToolConfiguration,
GlobalConfiguration
} from 'urbanjs-tools-core';
export const TYPE_TOOL_SERVICE = 'TYPE_TOOL_SERVICE';
export const TYPE_CONFIG_TOOL_PREFIX = 'TYPE_CONFIG_TOOL_PREFIX';
export const TYPE_DRIVER_REQUIRE = 'TYPE_DRIVER_REQUIRE';
export const TYPE_FACTORY_TOOL_CONTAINER = 'TYPE_FACTORY_TOOL_CONTAINER';
export const TYPE_API = 'TYPE_API';
export interface IRequireDriver {
require<T>(name: string): T;
}
export type ToolContainerFactory = () => Container;
export interface IRegistrableGulpTool {
register<T>(gulp: IGulp, taskName: string, parameters: ToolConfiguration<T>): void;
}
export interface IToolService {
getTool<T extends ToolParameters>(toolName: string): IRegistrableGulpTool;
}
export type PresetConfig = (string | string[])[] | boolean | Function;
export interface IApi {
initialize(gulp: IGulp, config: { [key: string]: PresetConfig | ToolConfiguration<any> }): void;
initializePreset(gulp: IGulp, presetName: string, config: PresetConfig): void;
initializePresets(gulp: IGulp, configsByPresetName: { [key: string]: PresetConfig }): void;
initializeTask<T>(gulp: IGulp, toolName: string, parameters: ToolConfiguration<T>): void;
initializeTasks(gulp: IGulp, parametersByToolName: { [key: string]: ToolConfiguration<any> }): void;
getTool(toolName): IRegistrableGulpTool;
setGlobalConfiguration(configuration: ToolConfiguration<GlobalConfiguration>);
getGlobalConfiguration(): GlobalConfiguration;
setupInMemoryTranspile(): void;
}
| 32,161 |
https://github.com/architectum/gateway-le/blob/master/certbot.sh
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
gateway-le
|
architectum
|
Shell
|
Code
| 9 | 38 |
#!/bin/bash
# install certs
docker-compose exec nginx /etc/nginx/ssl/certbot.sh -v
| 15,875 |
https://github.com/tom-wang/weex_starter/blob/master/src/views/UserView.vue
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,017 |
weex_starter
|
tom-wang
|
Vue
|
Code
| 145 | 562 |
<template>
<div class="user-view">
<app-header></app-header>
<div class="user-info">
<text class="user-name">{{ userId }}</text>
<div class="user-meta" v-if="user">
<text class="meta-label">Created: {{ user.created | timeAgo }} ago</text>
<text class="meta-label">Karma: {{ user.karma }}</text>
<text class="meta-label user-about" v-if="user.about">{{ user.about | unescape }}</text>
</div>
<div class="loading" v-else>
<text class="loading-text">loading ...</text>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import AppHeader from '../components/app-header.vue'
export default {
components: { AppHeader },
computed: {
userId () {
if (this.$route && this.$route.params) {
return this.$route.params.id
}
return 'Hanks10100'
},
user () {
return this.$store.state.users[this.userId]
}
},
created () {
this.$store.dispatch('FETCH_USER', { id: this.userId })
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.user-info {
padding-top: 60px;
padding-left: 80px;
padding-right: 60px;
}
.user-name {
font-size: 72px;
font-weight: bold;
margin-bottom: 60px;
}
.loading-text {
font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;
font-size: 44px;
color: #BBBBBB;
}
.meta-label {
font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;
font-size: 32px;
margin-bottom: 15px;
color: #333333;
}
.user-about {
margin-top: 20px;
font-size: 28px;
color: #666666;
}
</style>
| 37,990 |
6062776_1
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,022 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 1,558 | 1,979 |
Bergan, J.
The claimant, a resident of New Jersey, was employed as a traveling salesman for a New York employer in the food products business. His territory was entirely outside of New York. Injured in an automobile accident in Virginia, December 17, 1948, in the course of his employment, he filed a claim for compensation with the Virginia Industrial Commission.
An agreement between the employer and claimant was made and approved in accordance with the Virginia compensation practice and an award made, and amounts paid in pursuance of it were received by claimant. Claimant, however, also filed a claim for the same accident with the New York Workmen’s Compensation Board. That board accepted jurisdiction and made an award.
Two questions conjoin in this appeal: (a) whether the Workmen’s Compensation Board had before it a case in which it could have taken jurisdiction under New York law; (b) assuming its jurisdiction in the case, whether it was bound to treat *593the Virginia proceedings as an adjudication binding upon it, and affording claimant all the remedy by way of workmen’s compensation benefits to which he may be entitled. Upon both counts we determine to sustain the award.
Claimant’s territory consisted of the States of Virginia, West Virginia and a part of Maryland. His employer had one of its main offices in Hew York where claimant was hired. He did not come to Hew York physically in the course of employment, but he reported his orders to and received instructions from that office, and was paid from there.
The employment, therefore, is deemed a Hew York employment. The public policy on this subject was largely fashioned in Matter of Cameron v. Ellis Constr. Co. (252 N. Y. 394), in an opinion by Lehmak, J., which treated ‘ ‘ transitory work beyond the State ” as covered; “ employment confined to work at a fixed place ” as not covered (p. 398). In following this language, what was “ transitory ” was taken quite literally. It was related to the physical movement, in a geographic sense, involved in the work itself, rather than to the continuity in time of the work in the other State or here.
Given employment in Hew York and control from Hew York, the test is the mobility of the employee, i.e., whether his work is at a “ fixed place ” or is ambulatory. Thus, as the law has developed since Matter of Cameron v. Ellis Constr. Co. (supra), the man working as a painter in Hew Jersey and even the policeman working as a guard in an industrial plant in Pennsylvania were regarded as too immobile to be treated as employed in Hew York; while on the other hand, although conditions of hiring, payment and general control were much the same, the salesman, the air pilot, the roving painter, who had no “ fixed place ” to work, in the sense they stayed in one small location, were regarded as continuing the Hew York identity of employment and accidents to them within the jurisdiction of - the Hew York board. There can be little doubt that this case meets, at least, the uniformly applied test.
The differentiation in these holdings and the divergent currents of opinion are easily demonstrated. The following decisions hold that employment was outside Hew York and that the board had no jurisdiction: Matter of Bagdalik v. Flexlume Corp. (281 N. Y. 858), where a New York employer hired a man in Chicago to fix a sign there; Matter of Amaxis v. Vassilaros, Inc. (258 N. Y. 544), where a painter was hired in New York to work in New Jersey; Matter of Zeltoski v. Osborne Drilling Corp. *594(264 N. Y. 496), where claimant was hired in New York to make test borings in Tennessee; Matter of Copeland v. Foundation Co. (256 N. Y. 568), where a policeman was hired in New York by a New York employer to work in Pennsylvania. (Cf. Matter of Sehlmeyer v. Brewster Aeronautical Corp., 271 App. Div. 853.)
But the salesman resident of North Carolina, with a territory in Virginia, hired and instructed from New York, was held to be in a New York employment (Matter of Wagoner v. Brown Mfg. Co., 274 N. Y. 593), as were the salesmen whose territories under similar conditions were in Pennsylvania (Matter of Roth v. Horn Co., 287 N. Y. 545) and in Georgia (Matter of Flinn v. Remington Rand, 277 N. Y. 641); and the pilot flying from Massachusetts to New Jersey (Matter of Tallman v. Colonial Air Transport, 259 N. Y. 512).
The painter who worked on “ bridges ” in out-of-State locations and who was paid the New York wage scale and given expense money to return week ends to New York, was held to be within the jurisdiction of the New York board (Matter of Vatouios v. Markakis, 298 N. Y. 733). There the distinguishing element of geographic mobility in the work was shown to exist.
As it has been seen, claimant himself invoked the jurisdiction of the Virginia Industrial Commission. The command of the United States Constitution (art. IV, § 1) that New York must give full faith and credit to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of Virginia requires that the scope and the finality of the Virginia compensation record be examined here to see whether it has the effect of a binding adjudication.
The record before us on this branch of the case is meagre. It consists of a letter of August 1, 1949, to the appellant carrier from the Industrial Commission of Virginia which recites that upon a written agreement “ filed with and approved by the Virginia Commission ”, compensation benefits were awarded and paid, but that claimant had the right to make further claim before January 10, 1950, and if he did not the claim would expire. '•
At this time, as the letter indicates, the present claim 'was pending before the New York board. If the predicted expiration of the claim occurred, the Virginia ■ proceeding did not become final until well after the decisions appealed from were made in New York, on May 10th and September 28th, respectively, in 1949.
The ultimate test of res judicata from one State to another is the intramural effect of the adjudication in the State that makes *595it. If the decision of the compensation authority is in such shape that the courts of that State would regard it as conclusive upon them, the courts of other States must bow to the same necessity.
This is the perfectly clear effect of the reasoning of Chief Justice Stone, in Magnolia Petroleum Co. v. Hunt (320 U. S. 430, 442, 443). Claimant was a resident of and employed in Louisiana, and was injured in Texas. He signed an application for compensation under the Texas compensation act and the carrier began to pay compensation.
Believing he could obtain better results in his own State, claimant notified the carrier of an intention to file a claim in Louisiana, whereupon the carrier stopped payments. The Texas board notified the claimant of a hearing at which the liability of the carrier would be determined.
Claimant did not participate in the hearing; an award was made which was, by the law of Texas, the equivalent of a judgment against the insurer. (For statement of facts, see dissenting opinion of Mr. Justice Black, pp. 450-451). The court held that Louisiana was bound fully by the Texas award and must accord full faith and credit to it.
But while it was plainly determined there that the test of res judicata was the finality with which the State making the award treated it, the court in Industrial Comm. of Wis. v. McCartin (330 U. S. 622) applied a new and quite different test, i e., that the statute creating the compensation remedy and relief must be so exclusive that it is “designed to preclude any recovery by proceedings brought in another state ”, and this purpose, too, must appear by the “ unmistakable language ” of the State Legislature (see opinion of Mr. Justice Murphy, pp. 627, 628).
There was a reservation in the settlement made and approved in Hlinois, where the first proceeding had resulted in an award, to save any rights the claimant might have in Wisconsin (p. 628) and this was a part of the court’s reason for its decision as announced by Mr. Justice Murphy (p. 629). The case is not, therefore, a completely safe guide on the question of res judicata.
We are not advised by the appellants of the effect of the award in Virginia under the law of that commonwealth or the extent to. which it would have been binding on the courts of Virginia when the New York award was made.
We assume from what appears in the record before us that it did not then have the finality of a judgment and did not operate *596to preclude the New York proceeding. Credit must, of course, be given to the carrier for the awards that were paid in Virginia, but that matter may be adjusted before the New York board.
The decision and award should be affirmed, with costs to the Workmen’s Compensation Board.
Foster, P. J., Heffernan, Brewster and Coon, JJ., concur.
Decision and award affirmed, with costs to the Workmen’s Compensation Board.
| 27,105 |
https://github.com/liujingCode/LJApp_iOS/blob/master/LJApp/LJApp/Supporting Files/LJAppDefine.h
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
LJApp_iOS
|
liujingCode
|
C
|
Code
| 29 | 88 |
//
// LJAppDefine.h
// LJApp
//
// Created by developer on 2019/8/26.
// Copyright © 2019 liujing. All rights reserved.
//
#ifndef LJAppDefine_h
#define LJAppDefine_h
#endif /* LJAppDefine_h */
| 37,422 |
https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/149871
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,012 |
Stack Exchange
|
Ben Brocka, Diving Dominican Republic, Hannah Vernon, Jose Maria Bonelo Sanchez, Kendall Frey, R. Martinho Fernandes, Sabba Sabba Tyy, Toon Krijthe, Ward - Trying Codidact, danman, https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/130540, https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/142424, https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/151167, https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/156713, https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/164376, https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/166936, https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/183013, https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/193320, https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/457874, https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/457875, https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/457876, https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/457902, https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/46642, joran, jrg, voretaq7
|
English
|
Spoken
| 539 | 741 |
What happened to Chat?
I just logged in to The Comms Room (ServerFault chat) and noticed this:
Based on comments and quick look at a few rooms, seems to be all sites except Tavern on the meta.
Something seems amiss...
I'm seeing this as well in the R chatroom. We seem to have travelled back in time 24 days...?
I'm seeing this across the board in all the chatrooms across the entire chat network.
Black hole. Also we got hardcore logged out and I had to log in again via stack exchange
Looks like it's back to normal...?
The Comms Room is back...
I noticed this. The big gap is no longer missing, but now there are a few more recent messages missing.
Gremlins. These are not the chat logs you're looking for. We have always been at war with Stack Overflow...
"There's a chance of one in five that you experienced some time travel in the past half hour. This should be fixed now, but a few messages may have been lost (but most people wouldn't have seen your message anyway). Sorry about that." You'd better be sorry. I want my time travel back.
Sorry, this was my fault. We started about 2 weeks ago building our entire external infrastructure out in our Oregon DC (Stack Overflow's original home). To do this I copied the sites on our new OR-WEB01 -> OR-WEB04 servers over to the even newer OR-WEB05 to do this build out of the line of fire.
Well, that plan only lasts so long, eventually I need to deploy that template OR-WEB05 server to the rest of the tier...which just happened about an hour ago. Along with that we added OR-WEB05 to our haproxy load balancers out there on all the backends that matter (including chat).
So what went wrong? Chat hasn't been building on this new server (so I wouldn't break builds), so it has old connection strings pointing to a SQL 2008 server before our SQL 2012 move. We were going to nuke that box which would have prevented this from happening (by throwing errors and HAProxy taking it out), but that didn't happen for other reasons.
We made a few changes to further ensure this doesn't happen again (the SQL 2008 databases are gone this time), and we should be set from now on.
We're making a lot of changes to our Oregon datacenter where chat runs. We're doing our best to ensure you don't even know about it until we actually turn the lights on, so to speak.
This Saturday we'll be doing a test run of hosting the entire Q&A network in Oregon (read/write, not read-only), while we're testing everything we can ahead of time, there may be issues...that's why it's a test. We'll be doing another test in a few weeks with Careers, openid.SE, and Apptivate. We'll get a blog post up on what the plans are today or tomorrow at the latest for those that are curious, and a heads up to everyone.
Great one for the coffee table, and thanks for the details.
And don't forget updating data.SE..
A picture of @Nick sorting this out can be found here
You guys rock. Never forget transparency rules the roost.
| 33,921 |
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuitus%20electricus
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Circuitus electricus
|
https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circuitus electricus&action=history
|
Latin
|
Spoken
| 395 | 783 |
Circuitus electricus est retis aut clusa ansula elementorum electricorum, qui sunt resistores, transistores, capacitores, et alii, conexi a fluentibus electronibus. Quamquam huic generi est etiam circuitus electronicus in quo cogitatio et disciplina similis est tamen magno differt in usu. In circuito electrico, usi sunt vis magna, machina etc. In circuitoelectronico usi sunt invicem etiam informatica, communicatio, ratiocinato, etc. Circuitus electronicus habet elementa activa. Haec retis quae brevis sed non linearis est, instrumenta postulat quae machinatoribus facultates dant in omnibus circuiti locis magnitudinem voltarum cursuumque praenuntiare.
Ratio
Circuitus electricus est ambitus vel semita quam electron ex fonte electrica sequatur. Via clausa fluxuum electricorum anglice dicitur electric circuit. Secundum punctum ubi electron ingrediatur, fons habetur quae est duorum generum. Unum est 'fluxus directus' (aut fluxus continuus). Alter est 'fluxus alternans'. Dicitur terra aut humus (anglice ground) situs ubi electrones recurrunt quamquam enim electron habetur volventem esse et fontem intrare, adeo semitam circuitum esse feretur. Alter dictus fons quod vitalis circuito est onus. Alia genera onerum sunt resistores, transistores, machinas etc qui vim consumant. Cursus electrici magnitudo a norma Ohm descripta est. Circuitus cuius elementa conexa sunt deinceps in serie, habetur circuitus series. Autem, cuius elementa conexa sunt in parallelis, circuitus dictus est circuitus parallelus.
De Fabricante
In consuetudine circuiti electrici fabricantur an adiugente filum metallicum an ferruminedo quae modis photoligraphicibus semiconductorum.
Partes
Elementum: Apparratus cum duo aut plerus termini qui possunt vim intra illos flueri. In figura 1 potest videri 8 componentes inter quos sunt resistores et fontes.
Nodus: est punctus circuiti ubi confluent varii conductores distincti. In figura, A, B, D, E sunt nodi. Nota quod C nodum quoniam non habet, est eundem nodus A in quo differentia potentiae inter ambos non est id est habere voltium 0 (VA - VC = 0).
Ramus: Coniunctus omnium elementorum circuiti intra duos nodos continuos comprehendit. In figura 1 septem ramos invenire potest: AB per fontem, AB per R1, AD, AE, BD, BE e DE. Evidenter per unum ramum solo potest circuire fluxus singularis.
Macula (Anglice mesh): Congregatio ramorum conectuntur in rete quae in vicem ansulam formant.
Fons: Elementa cum functione transformante qualiscumque vim ad energiam electricam . In circuito figurae 1, sunt tres fontes, una intensitatis, I, e duae tensionis, E1 e E2.
Terra aut Humus est unde fluxus exhaurietur.
Conductor: vulgo appellato cable; est filum resistentiae minimissimae (optabilis nullae) qua est elementa ad circuitum creandum.
Notae
Technologia
| 10,748 |
8065477_1
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,022 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 994 | 1,188 |
The opinion of the court was delivered by
Bergen, J.
The prosecutor owns a building on the coiner 'of High and Washington streets, in the city of Perth Amboy, *77and the Standard Underground Cable Company owns the property on the opposite side of the street for at least a distance of five hundred feet northerly from Washington street, as well as that on the same side with prosecutor’s property adjoining it on the north, and on both sides of the street maintains large buildings used for factory purposes. The Lehigh Valley Railroad Company now proposes to build a branch line along the sidewalk on the opposite side of the street from prosecutors property to he used, for- the convenience of the Standard company, to run cars along side of its factory. The railroad company has a right to build the siding or branch in the street under its charter, provided the municipality consents, which it has done by the ordinance the prosecutor has brought to this court to be reviewed by a writ of certiorari. The defendant moved to dismiss this writ on the ground that prosecutor will suffer no special injury, and on this application an order was made allowing the taking of depositions on that question, which, when taken, were so extended a? to embrace the merit of the controversy, and when laid before the court counsel for each side entered into a stipulation that the matter he considered and determined a? on final hearing and was fully argued with that object in view. The record show? that there is, and has been for a number of years, a railroad track for private convenience on the sidewalk approaching prosecutor’s property on Ihe same side of the street running within a few feet of his property, and if the proposed railroad he built on the other slue of the street there will be no approach to his property along either side of High street north of Washington street other than walking along a street occupied by a railroad track. There are no railroad tracks on High street south of Washington street, and no other buildings used for residential purposes, in whole or in part, except that of ‘the prosecutor, on the part of the street along the sidewalk of which the new construction is proposed. In Jersey City v. Traphagen the ordinance assailed was one continuing a structure in the nature of an awning on the opposite side of the street from prosecutor’s property, and it was there held that as the structure was in existence it could not be abated by a judgment in certiorari proceedings, and that to accomplish that the prosecutor had a remedy by indictment, the structure being a nuisance, and that the prosecutor bad not suffered special injury. The situation was very different from that in this case where it is proposed to require persons wishing to go to prosecutor’s dwelling to walk along sidewalks over which railroad tracks are to be laid and run trams thereon. In Dufford v. Staats, 54 N. J. L. 286, Mr Justice Dixon, referring to the Traphagen case, supra, said that the opinion in that case cited certain cases, with apparent approval, “but that they should not be deemed so broad as to defeat our jurisdiction under present conditions.”
The Lehigh Valley Bailroad Company proposes to build the proposed road in the street under section 9 of “An act concerning railroads” (Comp. Stat., p. 4223), which authorizes any such company to construct and operate a branch line extending from the main line to “any mill, factor}', mine, clay bed or warehouse,” but shall not construct’ such a branch in'- city or town until it obtains the consent of the municipal authorities. Therefore, the consent in tire present case is not ultra vires, as it would furnish a justification for the proposed act of the railroad company. The rule adopted, by the Supreme Court in Oliver v. Jersey City, 63 N. J. L. 96, which was approved by the Court of Errors and Appeals (Id. 634), although the judgment was reversed for other reasons, is, that the applicant for a. writ of certiorari must show that he will suffer a special injury, subject to the qualification that where the ordinance is ultra, vires, and will furnish no justification for the act authorized, so that if executed it will be a public nuisance, the writ will be denied, not because the prosecutor has no interest, but for the reason that there is *79another remedy by indictment or civil action. Turning to the merits as shown by the testimony, I find as a fact that the proposed occupation of the sidewalk of the street opposite to prosecutor’s property for railroad purposes will be a substantial injury to it. The amount is not material unless it be nominal, for if a substantial right is to be invaded the owner is entitled to protection against it. The testimony taken hv the defendant is directed to establishing the fact that in the opinion of the experts prosecutor will not be injured if, as they say ii will, the business of the factory improves because of the increased convenience to the owners of it, hut this is speculative and does not overcome the inference of special injury to be drawn from the proposed obstruction of the sidewalk on the opposite side of the street north of prosecutor’s property and the running of railroad trains along them when there is a similar obstruction of the sidewalk on the other side of the street.
T’nder the circumstances shown in this case the ordinance consenting to the use of the sidewalks of the city for railroad purposes, for the expressed reason of affording the Standard Underground Cable Company a cheaper and more convenient method of transporting its material to and from its factory, is an unreasonable exercise of municipal power and should he set aside.
The ordinance is. set aside, with costs.
| 31,314 |
https://github.com/chanaka3d/carbon-apimgt/blob/master/components/apimgt/org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.rest.api.admin/src/test/java/org/wso2/carbon/apimgt/rest/api/admin/impl/ImportApiServiceImplTestCase.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,020 |
carbon-apimgt
|
chanaka3d
|
Java
|
Code
| 638 | 2,884 |
/*
* Copyright (c) 2018, WSO2 Inc. (http://www.wso2.org) All Rights Reserved.
*
* WSO2 Inc. licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
* Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
* in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*
*/
package org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.rest.api.admin.impl;
import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.ext.multipart.Attachment;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.api.APIConsumer;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.api.APIManagementException;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.api.model.API;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.api.model.APIIdentifier;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.api.model.Application;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.api.model.Subscriber;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.api.model.Tier;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.impl.APIManagerConfiguration;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.impl.APIManagerConfigurationService;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.impl.internal.ServiceReferenceHolder;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.impl.utils.APINameComparator;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.impl.utils.APIUtil;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.rest.api.admin.ImportApiService;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.rest.api.common.RestApiCommonUtil;
import org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.rest.api.util.utils.RestApiUtil;
import org.wso2.carbon.user.core.service.RealmService;
import org.wso2.carbon.user.core.tenant.TenantManager;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({RestApiUtil.class, ServiceReferenceHolder.class, APIUtil.class, RestApiCommonUtil.class})
public class ImportApiServiceImplTestCase {
private final String USER = "admin";
private ImportApiService importApiService;
private APIConsumer apiConsumer;
private ServiceReferenceHolder serviceReferenceHolder;
private APIManagerConfigurationService apiManagerConfigurationService;
private APIManagerConfiguration apimConfig;
@Before
public void init() throws Exception {
PowerMockito.mockStatic(RestApiUtil.class);
PowerMockito.mockStatic(RestApiCommonUtil.class);
importApiService = new ImportApiServiceImpl();
apiConsumer = Mockito.mock(APIConsumer.class);
PowerMockito.mockStatic(ServiceReferenceHolder.class);
serviceReferenceHolder = Mockito.mock(ServiceReferenceHolder.class);
PowerMockito.when(ServiceReferenceHolder.getInstance()).thenReturn(serviceReferenceHolder);
RealmService realmService = Mockito.mock(RealmService.class);
Mockito.when(serviceReferenceHolder.getRealmService()).thenReturn(realmService);
TenantManager tenantManager = Mockito.mock(TenantManager.class);
Mockito.when(realmService.getTenantManager()).thenReturn(tenantManager);
PowerMockito.when(tenantManager.getTenantId("carbon.super")).thenReturn(-1234);
apiManagerConfigurationService = Mockito.mock(APIManagerConfigurationService.class);
Mockito.when(serviceReferenceHolder.getAPIManagerConfigurationService()).thenReturn(apiManagerConfigurationService);
apimConfig = Mockito.mock(APIManagerConfiguration.class);
Mockito.when(apiManagerConfigurationService.getAPIManagerConfiguration()).thenReturn(apimConfig);
}
/**
* This method tests the functionality of ImportApplicationsGet, for an attempt to import a subscription when
* the target API is unavailable as it is not published
*
* @throws Exception Exception.
*/
@Test
public void testImportApplicationsPostAPINotPublishedError() throws Exception {
ClassLoader classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
File file = new File(classLoader.getResource("sampleApp.zip").getFile());
FileInputStream fis;
fis = new FileInputStream(file);
Attachment fileInfo = Mockito.mock(Attachment.class);
PowerMockito.when(RestApiCommonUtil.getLoggedInUsername()).thenReturn(USER);
PowerMockito.when(RestApiCommonUtil.getConsumer(USER)).thenReturn(apiConsumer);
APIIdentifier apiId = new APIIdentifier("admin_sampleAPI_1.0.0");
Map matchedAPIs = new HashMap<String, Object>();
SortedSet<API> apiSet = new TreeSet<>(new APINameComparator());
API api = new API(apiId);
Set<Tier> tierSet = new HashSet<>();
tierSet.add(new Tier("Gold"));
api.addAvailableTiers(tierSet);
apiSet.add(api);
matchedAPIs.put("apis", apiSet);
Subscriber subscriber = new Subscriber("admin");
Mockito.when(apiConsumer.getSubscriber("admin")).thenReturn(subscriber);
Mockito.when(apiConsumer.addApplication(Mockito.any(Application.class), Mockito.anyString())).thenReturn(1);
PowerMockito.spy(APIUtil.class);
PowerMockito.doReturn(false).when(APIUtil.class, "isApplicationExist", "admin", "sampleApp", null);
Mockito.when(apiConsumer.searchPaginatedAPIs("name=*sampleAPI*&version=*1.0.0*",
"carbon.super", 0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, false)).thenReturn(matchedAPIs);
Mockito.when(apiConsumer.getApplicationById(1)).thenReturn(new Application(1));
Response response = importApiService.importApplicationsPost(fis, fileInfo, true,
false, "admin", true, false);
Assert.assertEquals(response.getStatus(), 207);
}
/**
* This method tests the functionality of ImportApplicationsGet, for an attempt to import a subscription when
* the target tier is unavailable
*
* @throws Exception Exception.
*/
@Test
public void testImportApplicationsPostTierUnavailableError() throws Exception {
ClassLoader classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
File file = new File(classLoader.getResource("sampleApp.zip").getFile());
FileInputStream fis;
fis = new FileInputStream(file);
Attachment fileInfo = Mockito.mock(Attachment.class);
PowerMockito.when(RestApiCommonUtil.getLoggedInUsername()).thenReturn(USER);
PowerMockito.when(RestApiCommonUtil.getConsumer(USER)).thenReturn(apiConsumer);
APIIdentifier apiId = new APIIdentifier("admin_sampleAPI_1.0.0");
Map matchedAPIs = new HashMap<String, Object>();
SortedSet<API> apiSet = new TreeSet<>(new APINameComparator());
apiSet.add(new API(apiId));
matchedAPIs.put("apis", apiSet);
Subscriber subscriber = new Subscriber("admin");
Mockito.when(apiConsumer.getSubscriber("admin")).thenReturn(subscriber);
Mockito.when(apiConsumer.addApplication(Mockito.any(Application.class), Mockito.anyString())).thenReturn(1);
PowerMockito.when(APIUtil.isTenantAvailable("carbon.super")).thenReturn(true);
PowerMockito.spy(APIUtil.class);
PowerMockito.doReturn(false).when(APIUtil.class, "isApplicationExist", "admin", "sampleApp", null);
Mockito.when(apiConsumer.searchPaginatedAPIs("name=*sampleAPI*&version=*1.0.0*",
"carbon.super", 0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, false)).thenReturn(matchedAPIs);
Mockito.when(apiConsumer.getApplicationById(1)).thenReturn(new Application(1));
Response response = importApiService.importApplicationsPost(fis, fileInfo, true,
false, "admin", true, false);
Assert.assertEquals(response.getStatus(), 207);
}
/**
* This method tests the functionality of ImportApplicationsGet, for an attempt to import an application
* when an application with similar identity is already available
*
* @throws Exception Exception.
*/
@Test
public void testImportApplicationsPostError() throws Exception {
PowerMockito.when(RestApiCommonUtil.getConsumer(USER)).thenReturn(apiConsumer);
PowerMockito.when(RestApiCommonUtil.getLoggedInUsername()).thenReturn(USER);
ClassLoader classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
File file = new File(classLoader.getResource("sampleApp.zip").getFile());
FileInputStream fis;
fis = new FileInputStream(file);
Subscriber subscriber = new Subscriber("admin");
Mockito.when(apiConsumer.getSubscriber("admin")).thenReturn(subscriber);
Mockito.when(apiConsumer.addApplication(Mockito.any(Application.class), Mockito.anyString()))
.thenThrow(APIManagementException.class);
Response response = importApiService.importApplicationsPost(fis, null, false,
false, "admin", true, false);
Assert.assertNull("Error while importing Application", response);
}
/**
* This method tests the functionality of testImportApplicationsGet, for a cross tenant application
* import attempt
*
* @throws Exception Exception.
*/
@Test
public void testImportApplicationsPostCrossTenantError() throws Exception {
PowerMockito.when(RestApiCommonUtil.getConsumer(USER)).thenReturn(apiConsumer);
PowerMockito.when(RestApiCommonUtil.getLoggedInUsername()).thenReturn(USER);
ClassLoader classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
File file = new File(classLoader.getResource("sampleApp.zip").getFile());
FileInputStream fis;
fis = new FileInputStream(file);
Response response = importApiService.importApplicationsPost(fis, null, false,
false, "admin@hr.lk", true, false);
Assert.assertEquals(response.getStatus(), 403);
}
}
| 24,693 |
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutherkirche%20%28Fellbach%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Lutherkirche (Fellbach)
|
https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lutherkirche (Fellbach)&action=history
|
German
|
Spoken
| 1,255 | 2,532 |
Die Lutherkirche ist ein evangelisches Kirchengebäude in der Lutherkirchengemeinde Fellbach im evangelischen Kirchenbezirk Waiblingen und das historische Wahrzeichen der Stadt Fellbach.
Geschichte
Die Kirche geht zurück auf einen Kirchenbau, der im Jahre 1518 als St.-Gallus-Kirche fertiggestellt wurde und Teil einer Kirchenburg war, die von einer Wehrmauer und einem Wassergraben umgeben war. Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts wurden die Wehrmauern abgetragen. Der vierzig Meter hohe Turm als ältester Teil und der Chor der Kirche wurden in den Jahren 1519 bzw. 1524 erbaut, um 1650 das gotische Kirchenschiff zu einer Querkirche mit einer Steinkanzel auf der Nordwandmitte (1683 durch Holzkanzel ersetzt) umgebaut. Nach Abriss des alten Langhauses wurde 1779 ein Neubau, wiederum als Querkirche in der heutigen breiten Gestalt, durch Landbaumeister Johann Adam Groß der Jüngere für über eintausend Gottesdienstbesucher errichtet und mit einer auf die Kanzel (ebenfalls auf der Mitte der Nordwand) ausgerichteten Schiff- und Chorbestuhlung, einer Chorempore sowie mehrseitiger Doppelempore im Schiff im Stil des Spätbarock und Klassizismus ausgestattet. 1801/1802 brach man die Wehrmauer und die Türme ab. Oberbaurat Heinrich Dolmetsch führte 1884 eine Renovierung mit neugotischen Prinzipalien und Wanddekorationen durch. Beim Bau einer weiteren evangelischen Kirche in Fellbachs Norden im Jahr 1927 musste für beide Kirchen nach einem Namen gesucht werden, da der Name Galluskirche schon lange nicht mehr gebräuchlich war. Die neu erbaute Kirche wurde Pauluskirche genannt, die bisherige St.-Gallus-Kirche erhielt den Namen Lutherkirche. Eine weitere Innenrenovierung leitete 1935 der Architekt Hans Seytter. Der Stuttgarter Architekt und Bauhistoriker Walther-Gerd Fleck war von 1969 bis 1971 für eine komplette Außen- und Innenerneuerung zuständig und hat anschließend eingehend die Baugeschichte samt Kirchbaukonzeption detailliert dargestellt.
Ausstattung
Kanzel
Die Barock-Kanzel im so genannten Ohrmuschelstil wurde 1683 von Bernhard Kutterolf und Matthäus Reumann für die Mitte der Nordwand geschaffen, weswegen der ursprünglich achteckige Kanzelkorb für den heutigen Platz etwas umgearbeitet wurde. Eine schlanke korinthische Säule trägt über glockenförmig aufsteigendem Zwischenstück den von toskanischen Säulen gegliederten Korb, mit gerahmten Feldern dazwischen und kräftig ausladendem Gesims. Da er in verschiedenen Hölzern eingelegt ist, und dazu noch aufgesetzte Ornamente hat, waren bildliche Darstellungen nicht vorhanden. Diese bleiben dem ebenfalls achteckigen Schalldeckel vorbehalten: An seinen sieben sichtbaren Seiten zeigen sich im Fries geflügelte Engelsköpfe und darüber je ein mit gesprengtem Giebel bekröntes Bogentor. Gemeint sind die von Engeln bewachten Tore des himmlischen Jerusalem. Über der himmlischen Stadt steht auf einem von geschwungenen und verzierten Rippen getragenen Postament der Auferstandene mit der Kreuzesfahne. An der Unterseite des Schalldeckels ist in eine kreuzförmige Vertiefung eine Taube als Symbol des Heiligen Geistes gemalt.
Kreuzigungsgruppe in der Turmhalle
Das älteste nachreformatorische Bildwerk, die Kreuzigungsgruppe von 1611, hat nach ihrem ursprünglichen Standort auf dem Friedhof seit 1972 einen neuen, geschützten Platz in der Turmhalle bekommen. Die Skulpturengruppe ist eine typisch evangelische Darstellung. Ihr liegt der auf dem Kreuzesbalken notierte Vers 1. Kor. 15, 22 zugrunde: „Gleichwie sie in Adam sterben, also werden sie in Christus alle lebendig gemacht werden.“ Der Kreuzesstamm wächst aus dem Leib des am Boden liegenden Adam heraus und macht so die Überwindung des Alten Bundes durch den Neuen sinnfällig. Links von dem liegenden Adam steht Eva mit Apfel und Schlange bis an die Knie im Sündenpfuhl und verdeutlicht damit den Sündenfall. Christus am Kreuz ist etwas aus der Mitte der Gruppe gerückt. Alle drei Gestalten sind durch die einander zugewandten Blicke verbunden. Die gute künstlerische Qualität des Werkes ist in dem Gesicht Christi besonders deutlich zu sehen. Veranlasst hat die Errichtung der Gruppe Pfarrer M. Georg Conrad Maickler auf dem 1605 neu angelegten Friedhof. Am Sockel finden sich Wappen und Initialen des Landesherrn, des Herzogs Johann Friedrich, des Pfarrers Maickler, sowie vom damaligen Schultheißen, zwei Bürgermeistern und zwei Heiligenpflegern, also denen, die die Verantwortung für die Gemeinde trugen.
Epitaph
Das Epitaph mit dem Mittelfeld einer Himmelfahrts-Darstellung erinnert an Pfarrer Georg Conrad Maickler (gestorben 1647) und seine Familie. Im querformatigen Sockelbild darunter verfolgen Maickler, seine vier Frauen und zehn Kinder, schwarzgewandet, in einer Bogenhalle kniend dieses Geschehen. Die ganze Komposition bedeutet, dass Maickler und sein Haus als gläubige Christen in der seligen Vollendung Zeugen des Heilsgeschehens Gottes werden durften.
Sieben Kreuzwegbilder
1842 stiftete Emanuel Wilhelm Auberlen, damals in Augsburg wohnhaft, seiner Fellbacher Heimatkirchengemeinde sieben Kreuzwegbilder in Komposition und Farbgebung des Barock, die vor oder um 1700 in der Augsburger Akademie entstanden sind und etwa um 1720–1730 teilweise übermalt worden waren. Sie sind in zeitlicher Abfolge der Passionsgeschichte unter der Orgelempore aufgehängt.
Fenster
Der Stuttgarter Künstler Walter Kohler hatte 1936 Glasgemälde geschaffen, die 1944 durch Kriegseinwirkung zerstört wurden. Sein Sohn Wolf-Dieter Kohler schuf als Ersatz zunächst 1955 das Sakristeifenster mit dem Motiv des Weltenrichters und dann im Jahre 1962 die beiden Nordwand-Fenster „Das große Gastmahl“ und „Die klugen und die törichten Jungfrauen“.
Altarbereich
Im Jahr 1965 wurde von der Nellmersbacher Bildhauerin Ingrid Seddig (1926–2008) ein hölzernes Lesepult mit dem geschnitzten Relief vom Fischzug des Petrus und wenige Jahre später ein Altarkreuz in teilweise vergoldetem Bronzeguss gestaltet. Das gleicharmige griechische Kreuz enthält ein Mittelfeld, das mit dem Alpha und Omega („Ich bin der Erste und der Letzte“) Christus symbolisiert. In den vier Kreuzarmen erscheinen die Evangelistensymbole: oben der Engel des Matthäus, links der Stier des Markus, rechts der Löwe des Lukas und unten der Adler des Johannes.
Orgel
Über dem Altar befindet sich die Orgel. Das Orgelgehäuse ist denkmalgeschützt und stammt von einer Orgel, die im Jahre 1779 von dem Orgelbauer Johann Jakob Weinmar (Bondorff) erbaut worden war, und die vierte Orgel der Lutherkirche war. Das erste Instrument gab es bereits vor 1658; in jenem Jahr wurde nachweislich die zweite Orgel erbaut, die wiederum im Jahre 1740 durch ein neues Instrument der Orgelbauer Johann Friedrich und Johann Adam Schmahl (Heilbronn) ersetzt wurde. Das Instrument von Weinmar aus dem Jahre 1779 hatte 22 Register und kostete 1.100 Gulden und 1 Eimer Wein. 1911 baute die Orgelbaufirma E.F.Walcker & Cie. (Ludwigsburg) in den Prospekt ein neues Instrument mit 34 Registern, und 1969 wurde erneut ein neues Orgelwerk mit 37 Registern in dem historischen Gehäuse erbaut.
2015 bis 2017 baute die Orgelbaufirma Lenter (Sachsenheim) ein neues Orgelwerk in das historische Gehäuse. Das neue Werk orientiert sich klanglich an Instrumenten des Orgelbauers Weinmar. Zu diesem Zweck wurde 2015 das Orgelgehäuse abgebaut und restauriert; dabei wurden im Inneren des Gehäuses Hinweise auf die Disposition des Instruments von Weinmar aus dem Jahr 1780 entdeckt. Das Schleifladen-Instrument hat 33 Register auf drei Manualwerken und Pedal, sowie zwei Zimbelsterne als Effektregister mit drei und vier Glocken. Eine Besonderheit ist das dritte Manualwerk, mit Registern frühromantischen Charakters.
Koppeln: I/II, I/P, II/III, II/P, III/P, III 4′/P, Sub II / II
Effektregister: Zimbelstern in G (Nr. 32), Zimbelstern in C (Nr. 33)
Glocken
Im Turm der Lutherkirche hängen fünf Glocken.
Dazu zählt u. a. die mittelalterliche Maicklerglocke, die 1625 von lothringischen Glockengießern gegossen wurde. Zwei Glocken wurden im Jahre 2000 gegossen; sie ersetzten zwei Stahlglocken.
Literatur
Walther-Gerd Fleck: Lutherkirche Fellbach; Selbstverlag der Lutherkirche, Fellbach o. J. [1973]
Adolf Schahl (Bearb.): Die Kunstdenkmäler des Rems-Murr-Kreises, Band 1 + 2; in: Die Kunstdenkmäler in Baden-Württemberg – Hg. vom Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg; München/Berlin 1983, S. 318–335
F. Grießhaber, Immanuel Stötzer, Martin Pfander: Ein kleiner Führer durch die Lutherkirche zu Fellbach; Fellbach 1989
Dietrich Hub: Die Fellbacher Lutherkirche – Dokumentation über die Renovierungen im 20. Jahrhundert; Hg. Evangelischen Lutherkirchengemeinde Fellbach 2001
Hermann Ehmer: Fellbach und Württemberg vor 500 Jahren – 500 Jahre Turm der Lutherkirche Fellbach; Vortrag am 6. Februar 2019; (Hg.) Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Fellbach, 2019
Einzelnachweise
Weblinks
Website der Gesamtkirchengemeinde Fellbach
Mehr Bilder der Lutherkirche auf Kirchen-Online
Kirchengebäude in Europa
Martin-Luther-Kirche
Kirchengebäude im Rems-Murr-Kreis
Lutherkirche
Disposition einer Orgel
Geläut
Kirche in der Evangelischen Landeskirche in Württemberg
Erbaut in den 1770er Jahren
Lutherkirche
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reportscasesarg468courgoog_16
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English-PD
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
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Reports of cases argued and determined in the Supreme Court of Alabama
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Alabama. Supreme Court
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Since this case must be reversed, as we view the evi- dence, there are but two questions to be considered upon the next trial, there being no material change in the evi- dence. First, the plaintiff's right to recover, which is, as we have indicated, a question for the jury; second, the measure of damages in case of a recovery. The rule is the difference in the value of the tract of land before and after the acts constituting the trespass. The com- plaint claims for "excavating, filling," etc. ; but the proof shows that the roadbed was graded and completed long before the defendant entered, and by the Birmingham Mineral Railroad. The defendant would not be liable for the acts of its grantor, but only for its own acts. The damage to the land should, therefore, be confined to the difference in the market value of the land immedi- ately before and after the acts of the defendant' and not some third person. In other words, what damage did Digitized by Google 310 SUPREME COURT t^«»- [Coleman v. Pepper.] the defendant do the land, and not what damag:e was done bv the Birmingham Mineral Railroad. The judgment of the oircut court is reversed, and the cause is remanded. Reversed and remanded. DowDKLL, C. J., and JIcClellan and Mayfield, JJ., concur. Coleman v. Pepper. TrcHpasH to Lands. (Decided April 2, 1909. 49 South. 310.) 1. Trespass to Realty; Damages: Aggravating Circutnsta-nces. — Where the acts of trespass comphiined of are attended by aggravat- ing circumstances of wantonness or malice, exemplary damages may be recovered for trespasses to realty. 2. Damages; Pvnitive Damages. — ^Punitive damages are not recov- erable as a matter of right, being apart from compensation, but their imposition is discretionary with the jury, the discretion being a sound and legal one not to be exercised arbitrarily. 3. Same; Instnwtiofis. — The court should instruct the Jury on the question of punitive damages in such a way that they will under- stand that in fixing such damages they should consider the enor- mity of the wrong and the necessity of preventing similar wrongs, and that they should impose such an amount as In their sound judg- ment the exigencies of the case demand not to exceed the amount claimed. 4. Xeir Trial; (i rounds; Misleading Instructions. — The trial court may set aside such verdict on account of misleading charges given If conviuctHl that prejudice has resulted therefrom. Appeal from Limestone (^ireuit Court. Heard before lion. D. W. Speake. Action by Mattie B. (^oleman against L. B. Pepper for trespass to realty. There was judgment for plain- tiff, but on motion the judgment was set aside and new trial granted. From this last judgment plaintiff ap- peals. Affirmed. Digitized by Google 139] OF ALABAMA. 811 [C'oleman v. Pepper.] Jambs E. Hoeton^ Jr., and Erle Pettus, for appel- lant. A new trial should not be granted for a mere dif- ference between the court and the jury as to the pruper amount of damages that should be awarded. — Tenn, C\ L & R. R, Co. v. I^tcrens, 115 Ala. 461; Cohh r. Malone, 92 Ala. 630 ; 14 En. of PI. & Pr. 764, & 772. Where there is no legal measure of damages, as in torts, the amount is referred to the discretion of the jury, and no mere difference of opinion as to the amount of damages will justify an interference by the court unless the amount is so unreasonable and excessive as to be indicative of pas- sion, prejudice, partiality, or corruption of the jury. — 14 En. of Pr. p. 756 & p. 777 ; 8 Am. & En. of Law (2d Ed.) p. 629; Buckle v. Money, 2 Wilson, 205, (Extract from opinion cited in 3 Parson on Contracts, 8th Ed. p. 175 n. o.) In an action of trespass quare clausum fregit, exemplary damages may be given, where the tortious act is attended with circumstances of aggravation. — Wes tern Union Telegraph Co. v. Dickens, 45 So. 469 ; Mitch ell V. Billingsley, 17 Ala. 391; Parker v, Mise, 27 Ala 480; Devaughn v. Heath, 37 Ala. 597, (595) ; Rosser v. Bunn, 66 Ala. 93, (89) ; 13 Cyc. p. 112; 28 Am. & En En. of Law, (2d Ed.) p. 610; L. & N, /?. R, Co, v, Smith, 141 Ala. 335. Where the injury is wanton or wilful the jury are authorized to give any amount of damages be- yond the actual injury as a punishment. — Parker v. Mise,, 27 Ala. 480; Mitchell v, Billingsley, 17 Ala. 391; Ala. G. ;S^ R. Co. r. Frazier, 93 Ala. 48; Mobile F. C. Co. V. Little, 108 Ala. 399; Ala. G. S. R, Co. i\ Burgess, 119 Ala. 555; Western L\ Tel. Co v. Seed, 115 Ala. 670; 13 Cyc. p. 110. In an action for unliquidated damages for a tort, the trial court has the power to permit the entry of a remittitur.— 18 En. of PI. & Pr. 125; Ala. G. H. R. Co. t\ Burgess, 119 Ala. 555; Bliani Electric Co. v. Ward, 124 Ala. 409. Digitized by Google 31 2 SUPREME COURT tvoi. [Coleman v. Pepper.] W. R. Walker, for appellee. The spirit in which a trespass is committed may be shown in mitigation of damages. — 3 Joyce on Damage?, §§ 2116-17; Sparkman i\ Stvift, 81 Ala. 231; Burns v, Campbell, 71 Ala. 271; Jenkins t\ Cooper, 50 Ala. 419 ; Barrett v. City of Mobile, 129 Ala. 179 ; Code of 1896, § 3898. Any facts or circum- stances which were an inducement to the transaction, which is an occasion of an action, are admissible in evi- dence in mitigation of damages. — Boiling v, Wright, 16 Ala. 664; Bird r. Womack, 69 Ala. 390; 28 Am. & Eng. En. (^c. Law (2d.) 603. Exemplary damages may only be recovered if the trespass of which complaint is made was committed with a bad motive, with an intent to har- ass, oppress or injure; though the fact that it is wanton- ly, recklessly, or knowingly committed is a circumstance which may go to the jury for its consideration as to the question of malice. — 3 Jotce on Damages, § 2116; Alley V. Daniel, 75 Ala, 403 ; DeVaughan t\ Heath, 37 Ala. 595; Lienkauf v, Morris, 66 Ala. 406 ; Garrett v, Sewelly 108 Ala. 531; Parker v, Mise^ 27 Ala. 480; Garrett v, Sewell, 93 Ala, 9 ; Wilkerson v. ^earei/, 76 Ala. 176 ;L,(iN. Ry. V, Bizzell, 131 Ala. 429; Brinkmeyer v. Bethea, 139 Ala. 376; Mitchell v, Billingsley, 17 Ala. 391; Rhodes v, Rob- erts, 1 Stewart, 145; Hnedrcor v. Pope, 143 Ala, 275. Where exemplary damages are claimed and are recover- able, the court should not, by its charge, give to the jury, "A discretional^ power without stint or limit, highly dangerous to the rights of the defendant ;" for such in- structions or instruction?, "leaves them without any rule whatever." — Alley t;. Daniel, 75 Ala, 403; Lienkauf V. Moi-ris, 66 Ala. 405; S. & N. Ry. r. MeLendon, 63 Ala. 266; Southern Ry. Co, v. Bunnell, 138 Ala. 247; Garrett v, ^eirell, 108 Ahi. 525; 2 Thompson on Trials, §§ 2073. 2074, 2076. Where the lower court grants a new trial and the appeal is from that ruling, the decision of the Digitized by Google 159] OF ALABAMA. 313 [Coleman v. Pepper.] lower court "will not be reversed unless the evidence plainly and palpably supports the verdict." — Cobb v. Maloue. 92 Ala. 630; White r, Blair, 95 Ala. 148; Ror r. Doe, 43 So. Rep. 856. If any ground of motion for a new trial is well taken the action of the trial court in granting it will not be reversed by this court. — Hmith v. Tomhigbee & N, Ry. Co., 141 Ala. 332. DEXSON, J. — That exeniplan- damages are recover- able in this cla^s of actions, when the acts complained of are attended with aggravating circumstances of wan- tonness or malice, cannot longer be a debatable question in this jurisdiction. — Mitchell r. BillingsJey, 17 Ala. 391 ; De Vaughn i\ Heath, 37 Ala. 595; Rosser t\ Bunn, 66 Ala. 89; Western Inion, etc,, Co. r. Dickens, 148 Ala. 480, 41 South. 469. The jury aw^arded the plaintiff dam- ages to the amount of $311, and there can be no doubt that exemplary damages were assessed. On motion made by the defendant, the verdict was set aside, on the grounds that the damages Avere excessive and that the court erred in giving a charge requested by the plain- tiff. The charge referred to is in this language: "1 charge you, gentlemen of the jury, if you find that the defendant did trespass on the lands of the plaintiff, and if you further find that he did it in a wanton and will- ful manner, then you are not confined to the assessment of the actual damages sustained, but you may go fur- ther and assess punitive damages, not exceeding $1,200." It is argued that this charge is erroneous, as giving the jury a discretionary power in the assessment of damages, '^vithout stint or limit, and without any rule whatever." Punitive damages, being apart from (compensation, an* not recoverable as a matter of right. Their imposition is discretionary with the jury. — Louisrille d- Na.sihriHr Railroad Co. v. Bizzell, 131 Ala. 429, 30 South. 777; 12 Digitized by Google 314 SUPREME COURT t^'«i- [Coleman v. Pepper.] Am. & Eng. Ency. p. 51, and eases cited in notes to the text. And this discretion is not an unbridled or arbitra- ry one, but a legal, sound, and honest discretion; and, after instructing the jury in respect to the elements which must be found to exist to warrant the assessment of such damages, in submitting to the jury the question of imposing punitive damages, the court should always safeguard the submission with such instructions as that the jury will not be misguided, but will be held mindful, in fixing such damages, that they should act with due regard to the enormity or not of the wrong, and to the necessity of preventing similar wrongs, and that, if such damages are imposed, they should be in such an amount (much or little) as, under all the circumstances attend- ing the commission of the wrong, the exigencies of the case, in the sound judgment and discretion of the jury, may demand, in no event to exceed the amount claimed in the complaint. — L. & N, R. R, Co, v. BizzeU, supra; 12 Am. & Eng. Ency. p. 403; Garrett r. Sexcell. 108 Ala. 521, 18 South. 737); and for this reason, while we do not de<*ide that the trial court committed reversible error in giving it, we do hold that the charge possesses misleading tendencies and that it might properly have been refused {A, G, S. R. R. Co. p. BurgeHS, 119 Ala. 155, 25 South. 251, 72 Am. St. Rep. 943). Furthermore, Ave entertain no doubt of the right of a trial court to set aside a verdict on account of a mis- leading charge having been given, if convinced that pre- Digitized by Google ^59.1 OF ALABAMA. 315 [Tallassee Falls Mfg. Co. v. First National Bank of Alexander City.] judice resulted from the giving of such charge. — (rohl- smith V. McVafferty, 101 Ala. 663, 15 South. 244. The trial court, we think, occupied a more advantage- ous position than this court does for determining wheth- er or not the jury were misled by the charge given in this case, and we therefore decline to disturb its judg- ment granting the new trial. It is not necessary to con- sider the other grounds set down in the motion for a new trial. Affirmed. DowDELL, r. J., and Simpson and ilAYFiELD, JJ., con- cur. Tallassee Falls Mfg^. Co. v. First National Bank of Alexander City* Trover and Ckise, (Decided April 13, 1909. 49 South. 246.) 1. Trover and Conversion: Complaint ; Failure to Aver Time. — A complaint in trover which fails to aver the time of the allejjed con- version is insufficient and open to demurrer. (Form 24, i^age lllW), Code 1907.) 2. Same; Pleading; Sufficiency of Plea. — A plea as an answer to an action brought by a mortgagee which alleges that the* proteeds of the goods alleged to have been converted, had been applied to a lien upon the goods superior to that of plaintiff, but which fails to allege the ownei'ship of the lien is too indefinite and uncertain and (U'«^n to demurrer as such. 3. Same; Title to Sustain, — In order to sustain an action of trover and conversion the plaintiff must have at the time of the r*onversion title to the property converted, general or special, and possession, or the immediate right of possession : and where the plaintiff claims under a mortgage on a growing crop by the terms of which the prop- erty was to remain with the mortgagor until a specified future date, such iilaintiflf could not maintain trover where a conversion of the property occurred before that time. Appeal from Tallapoosa Circuit Court. Heard before Hon. S. L. Brewer. Digitized by Google 31 6 SUPREME COURT [Vol. [Tallassee Falls Mfg. Co. v. First National Bank of Alexander CItyt] Action by the First National Bank of Alexander City against the Tallassee Falls Manufacturing Company. From a judgment for plaintiff, defendant appeals. Re- versed and remanded. The second count of the complaint is as follows: "PlaintiflP further claims of defendant the sum of $150, for that, whereas, the plaintiff held and owned a mort- gage executed and delivered to it by W. G. McDaniel, which mortgage covered the entire crop of corn, fodder, cotton, cotton seed, oats, wheat, peas, potatoes, and all other agricultural products grown and raised by the said McDaniel during the year 1905 in Elmore county, Ala. And plaintiff avers that said McDaniel did grow and raise a crop of cotton in Elmore county during said year ; that, after the same Avas so grown and raised, defendant, with full knowledge of the existence of said mortgage, re- ceived from said McDaniel four bales of lint cotton of said crop, and converted the same to its own use, with- out the knowledge and consent of the plaintiff." De- murrers were interposed to this count, because it does not allege the date of the alleged conversion. Defendant's second plea was as follows: ^'Defend- ant says that the proceeds of the cotton alleged to have been converted by the defendant was applied to the pay- ment of a lien upon said cotton, which was a prior lien to any lien plaintiff held upon said property." Demur- rers were interposed, and sustained to this plea because it fails to show whether the lien mentioned therein was held by the defendant or a third nartv. J. ;m. Ciiiltox, La(^key & Bridges, and George A. SoRRELL, for appellant. The 1st and 2nd ground of de- murrer to the second count of the complaint should have been sustained. — Patrick v, DcBardelahen , 90 Ala. 13; ^y(ne r. Dudley, 16 Ala. 742; haccy t\ Holbrook, 4 Ala. Digitized by Google 159] OF ALABAMA. 317 [Tallassee Falls Mfg. Co. v. First National Bank of Alexander City.] 88. The date of the conversion should have been alleg- ed.— Section 5384, Code 1907. The court should have given the affirmative charge for the defendant. — John- son v. Wils(m, 137 Ala. 468; Fields v. Copcland, 121 Ala. 644; Elmore v, Simon, 67 Ala, 526; Holman v, Ketchum^ 45 South. 206. Under the proof, the contract of cultiva- tion falls directly under sjiection 4743, Code 1907, and hence, the mortgagee cannot maintain trover for its conversion. — Jordan v. Lindsey^ 132 Ala. 567; Varlctmi i\ Kinihroughf 150 Ala. 618; Hetubicks v. Clemmons, 41 South. 306. BrLCiER & Ryl^vncb, and P. O. Stevens, for appellee. Xo brief came to the Reporter, DOWDELL, C. J. — The second count of the complaint failed to aver the time of the alleged conversion. Form 24, p. 1199, Civ. Code 1907; Mobile, J, & K. C, R, R. Co, v. Bay Shore TAimber Co,, 158 Ala. 622, 48 South. 377; Williams v. McKissaek, 125 Ala. 544, 27 South. 922. The demurrer was well taken on this ground, and should have been sustained. The second plea was indefinite and uncertain in aver- ment as to the ownership of the alleged prior lien, and was therefore open to the demurrer. If the ownership of the lien was in a third person, then the averments of the plea were insufficient, under the authority of Keith & Son V. Ham, 89 Ala. 590, 7 South. 234. It is a well- settlefl principle that, in order to sustain the action of trover, the plaintiflF must have at the time of the alleged conversion the right of property; that is, title, general or special, and the possession, or an immediate right of possession. — Johnson v, Wilson d Co., 137 Ala. 468, 34 South. 392, 97 Am. St. Rep. 52; Fields t\ Copeland, 121 Ala. 644, 26 South. 491; Elmore v, Simo7i, 67 Ala. 526. Digitized by Google 31 8 SUPREME COURT t Vol. [Gulf Yellow Pine Lbr. Co. v. Monk.] The plaintiflf claimed under a mortgage given on a growing crop, or crop to be grown, and by the terms of which the property renmined in the mortgagor until the 15th of October, 1905, and until which time there was no right of possession in the plaintiflf. The undis- pute<l e\idence showed that the alleged conversion took place on the 27th of September, 1905. At this time the plaintiflf had no immediate right of possession. On this evidence, being as it was, undisputed, the defendant was entitled to the general charge, as requested in writing and the court erred in its refusal. For the errors* indicated, the judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded. Reversed and remanded. Simpson, Den son, and Mayfield^ J J., concur. Gulf Yellow Pine Lbr. Co. v. Monk. Trover. (Decided April 22, 1909. 49 South. 248.) 1. Words and Phrase/i: Timber. — Timber as used in common par- lance, is such stuff as is suitable for building and allied purposes. 2. Lops and Logging: ContraHs for Cutting; Construction, — Where the contract jjave the right to cut all merchantable trees upon certain land, timber to cut 12 inches at the stump. It was the Intent of the parties that the trees so cut should be suitable for conversion into merchantable timber, and that the trees should measure 12 inch- es in diameter at the stimip. or at the point where cut, and hence, the cutting of trees 4 inches in diameter at the point where cut was not within the contemplation of the contract, although such trees might measure 12 inches in circumference. Appeal from Geneva Circuit Court. ITeard before Hon. H. A. Pearce. Digitized by Google ^^'] OF ALABAMA. 319 [Gulf Yellow Pine Lbr. Co. v. Monk.l Trover by H. M. Monk against the Gulf Yellow Pine Lumber Company. From a judgment for plaintiflp, de- fendant appeals. AflBrmed. The evidence for the plaintiflf tended to show that he pure-based the land from one S. A. 1). Ellis (m which the timber was cut, and that he went upon the land after the cutting of the timlK?r by defendant and measured timber that was cut, and that he kept an account of all the stumps which measured less than 12 inches in diame- ter at the point of cutting, and that the number of trees thus cut below the 12 inches were 115. The defendant intro<luced a deed from Ellis conveying the timber on the land to the Morris Luml)er Company, and show- eil a purcha*se from the Morri< LuuiIkm* Company of the timl)er. The de(xl conveyed all merchantable pine trees ' standing on the describeil land, and provided that the timlnn* was to cut 12 inches at stump, with the right of entry, etc., usual in such conveyance. The defendant took the position that the deed conveycnl all the timber on the land, and that the expression ** timber to cut 12 inches at stump'' was meaningless, when it came to the proposition a< to the diameter of the timber to be cut, and upon this the- ory rec] nested the general affirmative charge. ScH^, also, 153 Ala. 358, 45 South. 223. W. O. MuuiBY, for appellant. The deed unaidc^l by any evidence is void because it has no meaning when it says timber to cut 12 inches at the stump. In any event, it stands upon the same principle that obtains where there is a time iixe<l in the deed for the removal of the timber, and is a (*ovenant and not a condition. R. P. Coleman, and Espy & Farmer, for appelhn^-. No brief came to the Reporter. Digitized by Google 320 SUPREME COURT tvoi. [Gulf Yellow Pine Lbr. Co. v. Monk.] SAYRE, J. — The single complaint on this appeal predicates error of the rulings of the trial court in re- fusing the general aflfirmative charge to the defendant in the court below, appellant here. Defendant was the owner by assignment of a contract with plaintiff by which it had a right to cut all "merchantable" trees upon plaintiff's land, "timber to cut 12 inches at the stump." The evidence tended to support the contention that de- fendant had cut trees less than 12 inches in diameter at the point of cutting. Appellant's theory is that the stip- ulation quoted is meaningless and of none effect, or that it could just as well mean a stump 12 inches above the ground, or trees 12 inches in circumference. But we do not agree. The common intent of the parties was that the trees cut should be suitable for conversion into mer- chantable timber. Timber is such stuff as is suitable for building and allied purposes. Unless we affect to be ignorant of matters of everyday experience and observa- tion, we must know that a tree 4 inches in diameter — diameter being approximately one-third of circumfer- ences— at the stump, or point where cut, squared, sawed, or otherwise prepared for use and the market, will not afford timber. The consideration, along with the con- text, gives unmistakable clue to the meaning of the stip- ulation in question. It related to the timber to be cut, and not to the useless stump to be left. It meant that the timber should measure not less than 12 inches in diainetcM' at the point where severed from the stump. Affirmed. DowDELL^ C. J., and Anderson and McClelian. JJ., concur. Digitized by Google 159.1 OF ALABAMA. 321 [Sloss-Shef field S. & I. Co. v. Dorman, Admr.] Sloss-Shemeld 8. &. 1. Co. v. Dorman, Admr., Damagen fot^ Van sin fj Orel* flow of Land, (Decided April 15. 1900. 49 South. 242.) Lifnitation of Action; Accrual of Right of Action; Overflowing Lands. — In an action for injuries to land from overflow caused by the neglect of the railroad company to keep open culverts lawfully erected, limitations begin to run from the time of the injury and not from the time of the construction of the railway. Appeal from Jefferson Circuit Court. Heard before Hon. A. A. Coleman. Action by H. T. Dorman against the Sloss-SheflReld Steel & Iron Company. From a judgment for plaintiff defendant appeals. Affirmed. The plea under discussion is plea No. 4, and is as fol- lows : "Defendant, for further answer to the complaint, and to each count separately and severally, says that the defendant, at a time more than 10 years before the commencement of this action and the time of the griev- ances complained of, constructed the said trestle, cul- verts, openings, and embankments along and near the plaintiff's said land in the way and manner complained of in said complaint for the passage of water which had to flow through, and for the drainage of the plaintiff's said land, and committed at said time the other griev- ances charged in the complaint; and defendant avers that since the original construction of said trestle, cul- verts, and openings, the defendant has continued to maintain said obstructions up to the time of the com- mencement of this suit, with the same effect of overflow- ing and damaging plaintiff's land in time of high water, and to the same extent during the said period of 10 159—21 Digitized by Google 322 SUPREME COURT I ^'«»- [Sloss-Shef field S. ft I. Ck). v. Dorman, Admr.] years as to the time this ^uit was brought and the griev- ances complained of occurred, of which plaintiff made no complaint, but acquiesced therein ; and the defendant avers that during the said period of 10 years before the commencement of this suit the defendant claimed the right to maintain, and did maintain, the said pipes, cul- verts, and openings near the plaintiff's said property openly, notoriously, adversely to the plaintiff and all the world, and under claim of right to do so, and has thereby now acquired by prescription or adverse pos- session the right as against the plaintiff to so main- tain its said trestle, culverts, and openings with effect, causing the water to overflow plaintiff's said land as al- leged in the complaint was done." Tillman, (tei bb^ Bradij^.y, and Morrow, and Char- les E. Rice, for appellant. The court erred in sustaining appelbn^'s demurrer to the appellant's 4th plea. — Shahan V, A. a. H. /?. K, Co., 115 Ala. 181. Sam Will John, for appellee. The question discussed by appellant is scuttled adversely to its contention in the case of N. .4. d M. liy, Co. v. Bufard, 106 Ala, 813. DENSON, J.— This is an action by H. T. Dorman against the Sloss-Sheflfield Hteel & Iron (^ompany to re- cover damages for injury to the plaintiff's land, conse- (luont to the overflow thereon of surface water. Such damage is alk^ed to have been caused by the neglect of the defendant to ket^p open the waterways or culverts under its railroad, through which flowefl the waters of a stream that naturally drained the surface water from plaintiff's land, in that the waters of this stream, be- ing by such negligence chtvked, obstructed, and prevent- ed from freely flowing away, were thrown back upon Digitized by Google 159.1 OF ALABAMA. 323 [Sloss-Shef field S. A I. Co. v. Dorman, Admr.] the plaintiff's land, so submerging it and depositing re- fuse matter thereon as to depreciate its value. The in- juries complained of are averred to have occurred in the years 1904 and 1905, and the action was In^gun on July 7, 1905. The defendant suffered judgment in the court below, and therefrom to this court brings hi> appeal. The only question submitted for decision by the as- signment of errors is the sufficiency or not of plea 4, by which defendant sought in the trial court to set up a pre- scriptive right in bar of the action, acquired by adverse user of 10 years. The appellant contends that, accord- ing to the rulings made in ^hahan r. Alabama Great Southern Railroad Co,, 115 Ala. 181, 22 South. 449, 67 Am. St. Rep. 20, the plea is sufficient, and the couii: erred in sustaining the demurrer thereto. On the other hand, appellee contends that the judgment on the de- murrer finds full support in the case of *S*. .4 . ct J/. If. R. t\ Buford. 106 Ala. 303, 17 South. 395. These are the only authorities cited in briefs of counsel. We are not driven to the nwessity of overruling either of the cases cittnl, for they are not in conflict. In the tihahan Case the gravaman of plaintiff's cause of action consisted in the negligent construction of the embank- ments and culverts complained of. Of the complaint the court said: "The gist of the complaint is the averred negligence of the defendant in failing to construct and maintain sufficient openings for the passage of the water which fell on that day." It was held on that occasion that 10 years' adverse user, properly pleaded, wcmld be sufficient answer to the cause of action allegcnl, which cau^e of action, as we have shown, proceedc^l upon the theory of negligence in the construction of the embank- ment and culverts, by which they were necessarily ren- dered injurious. In the case in judgment the complaint alleges no negligence in the construction of the water- Digitized by Google 324 SUPREME COURT t^ol. [Sloss^Shef field S. & I. Go. v. Dorman, Admr.] ways or culverts under defendant's railroad, but the gravamen of it is that defendant allowed its waterways and culverts to become filled up, and that their capacity for carrying off the water was decreased by defendant's permitting them to become so clogged. So far as the waterways and culverts, in themselves, are concerned, they were amply sufficient, in their manner of construc- tion and their dimensions, to carry off all the water, and were therefore not necessarily injurious, or invasive of the rights of others, and of themselves afford no cause of action. In this state of the case, according to the ruling made in S, A, d M. Raihoay t\ Bufoi^d, supra ^ whatever of legal injury may result from the failure to keep open the waterways or culverts "furnishes a cause of action accruing when the injury occurs, and then the statute of limitations commences to run, and there may be as many successive suits and recoveries as there are suc- cessive injuries." In other Avords, as was said in the Btiford Case^ the waterways and culverts "were lawful structures, lawfully erected, and furnished plaintiff no cause of action. Plaintiff's legal injury, which gave him a cause of action, was coincident with the overflow^ of his land," caused by the filling up of the waterways or culverts, "and it is from the happening of the injury the statute of limitations commenced to run." — Polly v, Mc- Call, 37 Ala. 20. It follows that the plea is insufficient, and that the court properly sustained the demurrer thereto. Affirmed. DowDELL, C. J., and Simpson and Mayfield^ JJ., con- cur. Digitized by Google 159] OF ALABAMA. 325 [Charlie's Transfer Co. v. Malone.] Charlie's Transferee, v. Malone. Action for Damage to Goods on Account of Defective Water Pipe. (Decided Feb. 3, 1909. 48 South. 705.) 1. Landlord and Tenant; Leased Premises; Injuries From Defects. — A tenant takes premises in the condition in which they are when leased, and the landlord is not liable to the tenant for injury to the tenant's property resulting from the unsafe condition of the premises unless the landlord has agreed to repair or has misrepresented the condition of the premises ; and this is true, whether the tenant rents all or only a part of the premises. 2. Same; Injuries from Defective Condition; Complaint. — Counts which allege that plaintiff leased the lower story of the defendant's building; that there -were pipes running through a portion of the building to convey water to the second floor and that one of them burst, and water leaked through the second story on plaintiff's goods ; that defendant was negligent in that the pipes were defective and unsound, and that it was the duty of defendant to keep the pipes in a sound condition, and on account of his failure they burst, charged negligence in that the pipes were defective, and are, therefore, de- murrable on account of a failure to show a covenant to repair, an agreement in respect to the condition of the building or a misfeas ance on the part of the landlord. 3. Same; Pleading. — The avennent that the defendant landlord was the owner of the premises and had charge and control ot the water pipes, by and through her agent, and knew that said pipes were defective and unsound and negligently failed to repair the same is not equivalent to an averment that the pipes were defective at the time of the lease or negative the fact that the tenant knew it. and made no effort to ascertain the condition of the premises. 4. Same. — In an action by a tenant of the first floor of the building against the landlord for injuries from water pipes bursting on the second floor, a count which avers that the landlord had nt the time the care and charge of keeping such pipes in repair and good order ; that it was her duty to do so, and in the exercise of such care and charge defendant failed to keep said pipes in good order and was negligent in using weak and defective pipes, and that by reason thereof, the pipes burst or leaked, and that such negligence is tne proximate cause of the damages, being on the theory of a failure to keep in repair a portion of the building not rented to plaintiff is demurrable for failing to aver knowledge or notice of the defect on the i)art of the defendant. 5. Pleading; Conclusions. — An averment, in an action by a tenant against a landlord for damages from the bursting of a water pipe, that it was the duty of defendant to keep the pipes in a sufficiently Digitized by Google 326 SUPKKME COURT l^^*- [Charlie's Transfer Co. v. Ma lone.] safe condition so as to safely convey water, except by way of con- clusion averreil no duty on the landlord. G. Same; Construed Against Pleader. — The words, charge and con- trol, as used in the counts of the complaint are susceptible of being construed as referring to the time when the lease was made, and will be so construed as against the pleader. 7. Same; Complaint; Reference to Other Counts. — Where a count in a complaint is rendered unintelligible by reference to another count, which was perhaps inadvertently put in, the court cannot change the writing but must read it as found. 8. yegligence; Condition and Tsc of Premises; Care Required in General. — Where the complaint is by the occupant of the lower floor of a building against the occupant or a person in control of the upper floor for damages by the bursting of a water pipe on the second floor, based on the duty of one to so use his property' as not to in- jure another, it need not aver the relationship between the parties, whether that of tenant or landlord, or that of distinct ownership. 9. Same; Complaint. — A complaint alleging that plaintiff was law- fully in possession of stores on the grade floor of a certain building and had a large quantity of goods stored therein ; that defendant was the owner and liad charge of certain lavatories and the pipes used to convey water to the same; that said pipes were 'defective, unfit to con- vey water with safety, and that they burst and water flowed througn on plaintiff's goods; that defendant had notice of the defective con- dition of the pipes several days prior to their bursting, and that their bursting would be liable to injure plaintiff's goods; that defendant was the owner, had the care and control of said hallway along which the pipes ran, and of the lavatory and pipe, but negilently failed to keep said pipes in repair, and that as a result, etc., plaintiff was dam- aegd, states a cause- of action of duty of one to so use his property as not to injure others, and is not demuiTable. (Tyson, C. J., Denson and Anderson, J J., dissent.) Appeal from Birmingham City Court. Heard before Hon. C. W. Ferguson. Action by Charlie's Transfer Company against Mrs. S. C. Malone for damages to goods on account of de- fective water pipes. Judgment sustaining demurrers to the complaint, and plaintiflF appeals. Reversed and re- manded. The complaint was as follows : "(1) Plaintiff claims of defendant the sum of 1^600 as damages, for that heretofore, to wit, plaintiff rented and lease<l out to defendant from October 1, 1904, to Septem- ber 30, 1905, two storehouses on the grade floor of a building, said building being located in the city of Bir- Digitized by Google 159.] OF ALABAMA. 327 [Charlie's Transfer Co. v. Malone.] mingham, state of Alabama, and known as No. 1908 and No. 1910 Avenne I), Southside; the aforesaid store- housees to he used by plaintiff as a warehouse. The plaintiff occupied said aforesaid storehouse according te the terms of said lease on, to wit, October 1, 1904, and stored in said storehouse No. 1908 a large quantity of household goods, furniture, and things of value of vari- ous kinds; said property l)eing rightfully and lawfully in possession of the plaintiff. That the defendant wai=? the owner of said storehouse No. 1908, and of the afore said building, and that there were pipes running thrcmgh a portion of said building for the purpose of conveying water to or from the closet or lavatory on the second floor in the aforesaid building. That on, to wit, the 22d day of November, 1904, one or more of the aforesaid pipes which conveyeil water to or from the lavatory or closet in the rear end of the hallway on the swond floor of the aforc^said building burst, and a large quantity of water escaped therefrom, and leaked thrcmgh the sin^ond storj' of the aforesaid building, and upon the aforesaid household goods, furniture, and things of value, which were stored in the aforesaid storehouse No. 1908 by the plaintiff, said household goods and furnitures l)eing then and there rightfully and lawfully in possession of the plaintiff, and by reason whereof a large portion of aforesaid household goods, furniture, and things of value were destroyer!, and a large portion of them injur- ed. The plaintiff avers that defendant was negligent, in that the pipe or pipes u^ed to convey water to or from the lavatory or closet in the rear end of the hallway on the second floor of the aforesaid building were defective and unsound. [Charlie's Transfer Co. v. Malone.] and closets. That the defendant negligently failed to do so."] And by reason whereof aforesaid pipe or pipes burst, and water escaped from or leaked through the second story of said building, and upon the aforesaid property which was stored in said storehouse No. 1908 by the plaintiff, to its damage as aforesaid.". (2) Same as 1, down to and including the words, "and another large portion of them were injured," where they occur together in said count, and adding the following: 'And plaintiff avers (amendment as follows: "That the defendant was the owner of said premises, and had charge and control of said pipes through her agents, and knew that said pipes were defective and unsound, and negligently failed to repair same.") That the defend- ant was negligent in using or allowing to be used a defective or unsound pipe or pipes in aforesaid building^ for the purpose of conveying water to or from the lava- tory in the rear end of the hallway in the second story of aforesaid building, and by reason whereof said pipe or pipes bur.st, and water escaped therefrom, and flowed through the second story of aforesaid building, and upon aforesaid property stored in storehouse No. 1908-by the plaintiff, to its damage as aforesaid." (3) Same as 1, down to and including the words, "and injured another large portion of them," where they occur together in said count, and adds: "The plaintiff avers that it has been damaged by reason of the negligence, in that the defendant used a defective or unsound pipe or pipes for the purpose of conveying water to or from the lavatory or closet in the rear end of the hallway on the second floor of the aforesaid building. That the said pipe or pipes were unable to hold or control said water, and by reason whereof said pipe or pipes burst, and water escaped or leaked through the second story of aforesaid building, and upon the aforementioned proper- Digitized by Google »'^9.] OF ALABAMA. 829 [Charlie's Transfer Co. v. Malone.] ty which was stored in storehouse No. 1908 by the plain- tifif" The fourth and amended count is as follows: "The plaintiff adopts all of the first count down to and in- cluding the words, ^and another large portion of them were injured/ and adds the following: *The plaintiff avers that the defendant had at the said time the care and charge of keeping said pipes which conveyed water to and from the lavatory and closet on said second floor of said building in repair and good order, and that it was her duty to do .so. The plaintiff avers that the defend- ant, in the exercise of such care and charge over said water pipes, failed to keep said pipe in good order, and was negligent, in this: That she used weak and defec- tive pipe on second floor to convey water to and from said lavatory or closet. That by reason of said negligence in so using said defective pipes they burst or leaked, and large quantities of water flowed therefrom and leaked through the second floor of said building into the plaintiff's store and upon his goods and things of value stored therein, to his damage as aforesaid. The plaintiff further avers that the negligence of the defendant in the control and management of her said water pipes and lavatory on the second floor was the proximate cause of the damage caused the plaintiff.' "(5) Plaintiff claims of the defendant the sum of f600 as damages aforesaid, for that heretofore, to wit, on the 22d day of November, 1904, and for several weeks prior thereto, plaintiff was lawfully and peaceably in possession of two stores on the grade floor of a building known as No. 1908 and No. 1910, Avenue D, Southside, in the city of Birmingham, and on said date had stored therein in storehouse No. 1908 a large quantity of house- hold goods, furniture, and things of value of various kinds, which said property was then and there rightfully Digitized by Google 330 SUPREME COURT I^^*- [Charlie's Transfer Co. v. Malone.] and lawfully in the possession of the plaintiff. That the defendant, on, to wit, said date, was the owner and had charge, care, and control of certain closets and lavato- ries and the pipe used to convey water to and from the same, which she operated at the rear end of a hallway which ran through the center of the second floor in said building. That the said hallway, closets, and lavatorie^^ were operated by the defendant for the use of all her tenants in common who occupied said second floor. "(7) The plaintiff adopts all of the first count ^hereof, down to and including the words, ^and materially in- jured a large portion of them/ and add^ : The plain- tiff avers that the defendant was in possessi(m, and the owner and had care and control of said hallway, pipes, and lavatory, and that it was her duty to keep same in a reasonably safe condition (in such a condition as not to injure the property of the plaintiff by their use), and that she negligently failed to so keep siime. The plain- tiff avers that said negligence was the proximate cause of plaintiff's damages as aforesaid.' '' The grounds of demurrer take the points decided in the opinion. Charles J. Dougherty, for appellant. The law charges the owner of property with the duty of using it so as not to injure the property of another. — CrommvJiti i\ Coxe, 30 Ala. 318; Moody r. McdeUau, 39 Ala. 45; Watsoii V, Oxanna Land Co,, 92 Ala. 320; Buckley v. Cunningham, 103 Ala. 449; Meyer v. Hutchinson, 104 Ala. 611; 89 N. Y. 245; 115 Wis. 447; 71 Miss. 10; IIC Ma.^s. 401 ; 44 Ga. 529; 18 A. & E. Ency of Law, 220; 46 Am. Dec. 667. The property is sufficiently described in each count of the complaint. — Hayes i\ Crutch field, 7 Ala. 189 ; Thompson r. Pearce, 49 AJa. 210 ; M. & IJ. R. R. Co, V. Cuhef\ 75 Ala. 589; Joseph r. Henderson, 95 Ala. 213; Harris v. RusselL 93 Ala. 59. The owner of prop- erty is charged with knowledge of its condition. — Croni- melin i\ Co.re, supra; Lindsey r. Leif/hton, 150 Mass. 285. The allegations of negligence are sufficiently specific. — Leech v. Bush, 57 Ala. 45; L. & .Y. r. Jones, 130 Ala. 470. The owner is bound to keep it in n^pair. — 18 A. & E. Ency. of I>aw, 219; 14 L. R. A. 238; 116 Mas^. 401. Digitized by Google 332 SUPREME COURT tvoi. [Charlie's Transfer Co. v. Malone.] Tillman, Gbubb, Bradley & Morrow, for appellee. In the absence of an agreement between the parties the landlord is under no obligations to the tenant to keep the premises in repair. — Buckley v. Cunningham^ 103 Ala. 452; Bullock i\ Coleman, 136 Ala. 613; Burkes v. Bragg, 89 Ala. 204; 18 A. & E. Ency of Law, 215. There is no suflBicient allegation of negligence. — Johnson v. Bir- mingham R, L. & Co,, 43 South. 34; City D, Co. v. Henn/, 139 Ala. 161. The facts alleged do not import any duty upon the landlord. — Buckley v. Cunningham, supra: 18 A. & E. Ency of Law, 218-220; 33 Cal. 341; 86 Ind. 34; 139 Mich. 628; 59 Minn. 156; 29 Minn. 385; 71 Miss. 10; 101 Mo. 669; 66 W. 500; 4 Exch. 163; 19 L. J. Excli. 170. DENSON, J.— The plaintiff rented or leased from the defendant the ground-floor rooms, of a two-story build- ing. Water pipes ran through the building for the pur- pose of conveying water to and from a closet or lavatory located in the rear end of the building on the second floor.
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https://github.com/mahabul123/diffractem/blob/master/diffractem/legacy.py
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| 2,020 |
diffractem
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mahabul123
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Python
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Code
| 1,886 | 6,881 |
import warnings
import matplotlib as mpl
import numpy
import numpy as np
import pandas
import pandas as pd
from dask import array as da
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.anchored_artists import AnchoredSizeBar
from diffractem.io import get_meta_lists, get_data_stacks, expand_files
from diffractem.nexus import get_meta_fields
from diffractem.proc2d import correct_dead_pixels, lorentz_fit_simple
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from scipy import ndimage
from sklearn.cluster import DBSCAN, KMeans
def peak_finder(img_raw, xy, profile = None, pxmask = None, noise = np.array
([[False,True,False],[True,True,True],[False,True,False]]),
kernel_size = 9, threshold = 9, db_eps = 1.9,
db_samples = 9, bkg_remove = False, img_clean = True,
radial_min = 5):
"""
1) (OPTIONAL) Construct background from xy and profile.
Subtract from img_raw.
2) Remove Impulse noise using morpholigical opening and closing with
noise struc.
3) Convolve Image with Gaussian kernel to find local background.
Features are all pixels larger than the local background
by a certain threshold.
4) Pick peaks out of image features using DBSCAN (Clustering)
5) Labelling of Peaks using ndimage
6) (OPTIONAL) Clean image
Simple peakfinder built upon scipy.ndimage.
Uses a morpholgical opening to find features larger than size and higher
than threshold. The features are then labelled and the center of mass and
sum of each peak is returned in a numpy array.
"""
### 1) Strip Background
if bkg_remove:
ylen,xlen = img_raw.shape
y,x = np.ogrid[0:ylen,0:xlen]
radius = (np.rint(((x-xy[0])**2 + (y-xy[1])**2)**0.5)).astype(np.int32)
prof = np.zeros(1+np.max(radius))
np.copyto(prof[0:len(profile)], profile)
bkg = prof[radius]
img = img_raw - bkg
img = correct_dead_pixels(img, pxmask, 'replace', replace_val=-1,
mask_gaps=True)
else:
img = img_raw
bkg=None
### 2) Remove Impulse Noise
img = ndimage.morphology.grey_opening(img, structure=noise)
img = ndimage.morphology.grey_closing(img, structure=noise)
### 3) Feature detection NB: astropy.convolve is slow
img_fil = np.where(img==-1,0,img)
img_fil = ndimage.gaussian_filter(img_fil.astype(np.float),
kernel_size,mode='constant',cval=0)
img_norm = np.where(img==-1,0,1)
img_norm = ndimage.gaussian_filter(img_norm.astype(np.float),
kernel_size,mode='constant',cval=0)
img_norm = np.where(img_norm==0.0,1,img_norm)
img_fil = img_fil/img_norm
img_feat = img - img_fil
### 4) Peak Picking
loc = np.where(img_feat > threshold)
X = np.transpose(np.stack([loc[1], loc[0] , np.log(img_feat[loc])]))
db = DBSCAN(eps=db_eps, min_samples=db_samples, n_jobs=-1).fit(X)
img_label = np.zeros(img.shape)
img_label[loc] = 1 + db.labels_
num_feat = len(set(db.labels_))
### 5) Peak Labelling
com = ndimage.center_of_mass(img_feat,img_label,np.arange(1, num_feat))
vol = ndimage.sum(img_feat,img_label,np.arange(1, num_feat))
### 6) Apply radial cut to peaks
rad = np.sqrt(np.sum(np.square(np.array(com)-xy[::-1]),axis=1))
rad_cut = rad > radial_min
com = np.array(com)[rad_cut]
vol = vol[rad_cut]
img_label[img_label-1 == np.where(rad<radial_min)] = 0
print("Found {} peaks".format(len(com)))
### 7) Clean Image
if img_clean:
img[img_label==0] = 0
return np.column_stack((com,vol)), img
def profile_classify_ML(prof_stack, fit_record = None, show_plot = False,
refit = True, rescale = True, verbose = True,
bin_min = 5, bin_max = 40):
"""
Takes the profile stack,
refits a 1D Lorentz distribution(Optional),
classifies the profiles with KMeans form sklearn.cluster,
NB MinibatchKMeans is not parrallelized
takes the mean, and returns them to the correct index in profile_ave.
:param prof_stack : stack of profiles
:fit_record : array of parameters returned form the 2D lorentz fit
:show_plot : switch for plotting the profiles
:refit : switch for refitting of the profiles
:rescale : if profiles should be scaled.
"""
#scale,shape = np.transpose([rec[0][3:5] for rec in fit_record])
n=prof_stack.shape[0]
amp = np.zeros(n)
scale = np.zeros(n)
shape = np.zeros(n)
prof_ave = np.zeros(prof_stack.shape)
###(Optional) Refitting of the profiles with a Lorentz distribution
if refit or fit_record is None:
prof_stack = prof_stack[:,:,np.newaxis]
amp, scale, shape = (
np.transpose(lorentz_fit_simple(prof_stack,bin_min,bin_max)))
prof_stack = prof_stack.squeeze()
else:
amp, scale, shape = np.transpose(fit_record[:,[0,3,4]])
if rescale:
prof_stack = np.transpose(np.transpose(prof_stack)/amp)
###Grouping of profiles according to scale and shape
X = np.transpose([100*scale,100*shape])
# n_jobs=-1 Uses all cores
cluster = KMeans(n_jobs=-1, n_clusters=int(np.sqrt(n))).fit(X)
labels = cluster.labels_
unique_labels = set(labels)
print('Grouping the radial profiles into {} groups.'
.format(len(unique_labels)))
if show_plot :
fig = plt.figure(0)
fig.clf()
plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c = labels, marker = 'o')
plt.title('Estimated number of clusters: {}'.
format(len(unique_labels)))
plt.show()
###Taking Average of profiles
prof_stack[prof_stack == -1] = np.nan
for kk in unique_labels:
cut = (kk==labels)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", category=RuntimeWarning)
ave = np.nanmean(prof_stack[cut],axis=0)
ave = np.nan_to_num(ave)
prof_ave[cut] = ave
if rescale:
prof_ave = np.transpose(np.transpose(prof_ave)*amp)
return prof_ave, labels
def profile_classify(prof_stack, fit_record = None, show_plot = False,
show_fit = True, refit = True, rescale = True,
verbose = True, bin_min = 5, bin_max = 40):
"""
Takes the profile stack,
refits a 1D Lorentz distribution(Optional),
groups the profiles with the same shape and scale together,
takes the mean and std of the group,
plots all the profiles in the group on the same figure(Optional)
and returns them to the correct index in profile_ave and profile_std.
:param prof_stack : stack of profiles
:fit_record : array of parameters returned form the 2D lorentz fit
:show_plot : switch for plotting the profiles
:refit : switch for refitting of the profiles
:rescale : if profiles should be scaled.
"""
#scale,shape = np.transpose([rec[0][3:5] for rec in fit_record])
n=prof_stack.shape[0]
amp = np.zeros(n)
scale = np.zeros(n)
shape = np.zeros(n)
prof_ave = np.zeros(prof_stack.shape)
prof_std = np.zeros(prof_stack.shape)
###(Optional) Refitting of the profiles with a Lorentz distribution
if refit or fit_record is None:
prof_stack = prof_stack[:,:,np.newaxis]
amp, scale, shape = (
np.transpose(lorentz_fit_simple(prof_stack,bin_min,bin_max)))
prof_stack = prof_stack.squeeze()
else:
amp, scale, shape = np.transpose(fit_record[:,[0,3,4]])
if rescale:
prof_stack = np.transpose(np.transpose(prof_stack)/amp)
###Grouping of profiles according to scale and shape
keys = np.rint(scale*10)*100 + np.rint(shape*10)
unique_keys, inverse, counts = np.unique(keys.astype(np.int32),
return_inverse = True,
return_counts = True)
prof_stack[prof_stack == -1] = np.nan
print('Grouping the radial profiles into {} groups:'
.format(len(unique_keys)))
print('Categories: {}'.format(unique_keys))
print(' Counts: {}'.format(counts))
for kk in unique_keys:
cut = (kk==keys)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", category=RuntimeWarning)
ave = np.nanmean(prof_stack[cut],axis=0)
std = np.nanstd(prof_stack[cut],axis=0)
ave = np.nan_to_num(ave)
std = np.nan_to_num(std)
if show_plot:
fig = plt.figure(kk)
fig.clf()
plt.plot(np.transpose(prof_stack[keys==kk,0:20]))
###(Optional) Plotting of the first 20 bins of the profiles
prof_ave[cut] = ave
prof_std[cut] = std
if rescale:
prof_ave = np.transpose(np.transpose(prof_ave)*amp)
prof_std = np.transpose(np.transpose(prof_std)*amp)
return prof_ave, prof_std, inverse, counts
def process_stack(imgs, ops, execution='threads', **kwargs):
"""
Applies correction function, or a pipeline thereof, to a stack of images, using different ways of execution.
Essentially very similar to map function of hyperspy.
:param imgs: 3D image stack or 2D single image
:param ops: function handle to processing function, or list/tuple thereof.
:param execution: method of execution. Options are
'threads': process each image in parallel using threads
'processes': process each image in parallel using processes
'stack': pass the entire stack to the ops functions. All ops must be able to handle stack inputs
'loop': loop through the images. Use for debugging only!
:param kwargs: keyword arguments to be passed to the correction functions
:return: the processed stack/image
"""
assert execution.lower() in ('threads', 'processes', 'stack', 'loop')
is_2D = len(imgs.shape) < 3
if is_2D:
imgs.shape = (1,imgs.shape[0],imgs.shape[1])
imgs_out = imgs.copy()
if not (isinstance(ops, list) or isinstance(ops, tuple)):
ops = (ops,)
if execution.lower() in ['threads', 'processes']:
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, ProcessPoolExecutor
if execution.lower=='processes':
Executor = ProcessPoolExecutor
else:
Executor = ThreadPoolExecutor
for func in ops:
imgs_out = Executor().map(lambda img: func(img, **kwargs), imgs_out)
imgs_out = np.stack(imgs_out)
elif execution.lower=='loop':
for ii, img in enumerate(imgs_out):
for func in ops:
imgs_out[ii,:,:] = func(img, **kwargs)
else:
for func in ops:
imgs_out = func(imgs_out, **kwargs)
if is_2D:
imgs_out.shape = (imgs_out.shape[1],imgs_out.shape[2])
return imgs_out
def diff_plot(filename, idcs, setname='centered', beamdiam=100e-9,
rings=(10, 5, 2.5), radii=(3, 4, 6), show_map=True, show_peaks=True, show_predict=False,
figsize=(15, 10), dpi=300, cutoff=99.5,
width=616, xoff=0, yoff=0, ellipticity=0,
map_px=None, clen=None, det_px=None, wavelength=None,
stacks=None, shots=None, peaks=None, predict=None,
base_path='/%/data', map_path='/%/map/image', results_path='/%/results',
pre_compute=True, store_to=None, cmap='gray', ringcolor='y', **kwargs):
"""
"""
if shots is None:
shots = get_meta_lists(filename, base_path, ['shots'])['shots']
if show_peaks and peaks is None:
peaks = get_meta_lists(filename, results_path, ['peaks'])['peaks']
if show_predict and predict is None:
predict = get_meta_lists(filename, results_path, ['predict'])['predict']
if stacks is None:
stacks = get_data_stacks(filename, base_path, [setname])
# TODO: replace all the following defaults by proper reading from NeXus and assigning to shots
shotsel = shots.loc[idcs, :].copy()
if map_px is None:
map_px = shotsel['map_px'] = 17e-9
else:
shotsel['map_px'] = map_px
if clen is None:
shotsel['clen'] = 1.57
else:
shotsel['clen'] = clen
if det_px is None:
shotsel['det_px'] = 55e-6
else:
shotsel['det_px'] = det_px
if wavelength is None:
shotsel['wavelength'] = 2.5e-12
else:
shotsel['wavelength'] = wavelength
shotsel['recpx'] = shotsel['wavelength'] / (shotsel['det_px'] / shotsel['clen']) * 1e10
imgs = stacks[setname][shotsel.index.values, ...]
if pre_compute:
imgs = imgs.compute()
if show_map:
map_path = map_path.replace('%', 'entry')
map_imgs = meta_from_nxs(list(shotsel['file'].unique()), map_path)[map_path]
figs = []
for ii, ((idx, shot), img) in enumerate(zip(shotsel.iterrows(), imgs)):
if not pre_compute:
img = img.compute()
figh = plt.figure(figsize=figsize, dpi=dpi, **kwargs)
figs.append(figh)
#figh = figs[ii]
img_ax = figh.add_axes([0, 0, 0.66, 0.95])
img_ax.imshow(img, vmin=0, vmax=np.quantile(img, cutoff/100), cmap=cmap, label='diff')
if show_peaks:
coords = peaks.loc[peaks['serial'] == idx, :]
else:
coords = pd.DataFrame()
if show_predict:
pred_coords = peaks.loc[predict['serial'] == idx, :]
else:
pred_coords = pd.DataFrame()
img_ax.set_xlim((778 - width/2, 778 + width/2))
try:
img_ax.set_title(
'Set: {}, Shot: {}, Region: {}, Run: {}, Frame: {} \n (#{} in file: {}) PEAKS: {}'.format(shot['subset'],
idx,
shot['region'],
shot['run'],
shot['frame'],
shot['shot'],
shot['file'],
len(coords), 3))
except:
'Shot {}: (file: {}) PEAKS: {}'.format(shot['subset'], shot['file'], len(coords), 3)
#print(shot['recpx'])
for res in rings:
img_ax.add_artist(mpl.patches.Ellipse((img.shape[1] / 2 + xoff, img.shape[0] / 2 + yoff),
width=2*(shot['recpx'] / res), height=2*(shot['recpx'] / res * (1+ellipticity)), edgecolor=ringcolor, fill=False))
img_ax.text(img.shape[1] / 2 + shot['recpx'] / res / 1.4, img.shape[0] / 2 - shot['recpx'] / res / 1.4, '{} A'.format(res),
color=ringcolor)
for _, c in coords.iterrows():
img_ax.add_artist(plt.Circle((c['fs/px'] - 0.5, c['ss/px'] - 0.5),
radius=radii[0], fill=True, color='r', alpha=0.15))
img_ax.add_artist(plt.Circle((c['fs/px'] - 0.5, c['ss/px'] - 0.5),
radius=radii[1], fill=False, color='y', alpha=0.2))
img_ax.add_artist(plt.Circle((c['fs/px'] - 0.5, c['ss/px'] - 0.5),
radius=radii[2], fill=False, color='y', alpha=0.3))
for _, c in pred_coords.iterrows():
img_ax.add_artist(plt.Rectangle((c['fs/px'] - 0.5, c['ss/px'] - 0.5),
width=radii[-1], height=radii[-1], fill=False, color='b'))
img_ax.axis('off')
if not show_map:
continue
#map_px = shotsel['map_px']
#print(map_px)
map_ax = figh.add_axes([0.6, 0.5, 0.45, 0.45])
feat_ax = figh.add_axes([0.6, 0, 0.45, 0.45])
map_ax.imshow(map_imgs[shot['file']], cmap='gray')
map_ax.add_artist(plt.Circle((shot['crystal_x'], shot['crystal_y']), facecolor='r'))
map_ax.add_artist(AnchoredSizeBar(map_ax.transData, 5e-6 / map_px, '5 um', 'lower right'))
map_ax.axis('off')
feat_ax.imshow(map_imgs[shot['file']], cmap='gray')
#feat_ax.add_artist(AnchoredSizeBar(feat_ax.transData, 0.1e-6 / map_px, '100 nm', 'lower right'))
feat_ax.add_artist(plt.Circle((shot['crystal_x'], shot['crystal_y']), radius=beamdiam/2/map_px, color='r', fill=False))
if not np.isnan(shot['crystal_x']):
feat_ax.set_xlim(shot['crystal_x'] + np.array([-20, 20]))
feat_ax.set_ylim(shot['crystal_y'] + np.array([-20, 20]))
else:
feat_ax.set_xlim(shot['pos_x'] + np.array([-20, 20]))
feat_ax.set_ylim(shot['pos_y'] + np.array([-20, 20]))
feat_ax.axis('off')
if store_to is not None:
plt.savefig('{}/{}_{:04d}'.format(store_to, filename.rsplit('.', 1)[0].rsplit('/', 1)[-1], idx))
plt.close(plt.gcf())
return figs
def region_plot(file_name, regions=None, crystal_pos=True, peak_ct=True, beamdiam=100e-9, scanpx=2e-8, figsize=(10, 10),
**kwargs):
meta = get_meta_lists(file_name)
cmap = plt.cm.jet
fhs = []
if regions is None:
regions = meta['shots']['region'].drop_duplicates().values
if not hasattr(regions, '__iter__'):
regions = (regions,)
for reg in regions:
shots = meta['shots'].loc[meta['shots']['region'] == reg, :]
if not len(shots):
print('Region {} does not exist. Skipping.'.format(reg))
continue
shot = shots.iloc[0, :]
fh = plt.figure(figsize=figsize, **kwargs)
fhs.append(fh)
ax = plt.axes()
ax.set_title('Set: {}, Region: {}, Run: {}, # Crystals: {}'.format(shot['subset'], shot['region'], shot['run'],
shots['crystal_id'].max()))
stem = get_meta_array(file_name, 'stem', shot)
ax.imshow(stem, cmap='gray')
if 'acqdata' in meta.keys():
acqdata = meta['acquisition_data'].loc[shot['file']]
pxs = float(acqdata['Scanning_Pixel_size_x'])
else:
pxs = scanpx * 1e9
if crystal_pos and peak_ct:
norm = int(shots['peak_count'].quantile(0.99))
def ncmap(x):
return cmap(x / norm)
for idx, cr in shots.loc[:, ['crystal_x', 'crystal_y', 'peak_count']].drop_duplicates().iterrows():
ax.add_artist(plt.Circle((cr['crystal_x'], cr['crystal_y']), radius=beamdiam * 1e9 / 2 / pxs,
facecolor=ncmap(cr['peak_count']), alpha=1))
# some gymnastics to get a colorbar
Z = [[0, 0], [0, 0]]
levels = range(0, norm, 1)
CS3 = plt.contourf(Z, levels, cmap=plt.cm.jet)
plt.colorbar(CS3, fraction=0.046, pad=0.04)
del (CS3)
elif crystal_pos:
for idx, cr in shots.loc[:, ['crystal_x', 'crystal_y']].drop_duplicates().iterrows():
ax.add_artist(
plt.Circle((cr['crystal_x'], cr['crystal_y']), radius=beamdiam * 1e9 / 2 / pxs, facecolor='r',
alpha=1))
ax.add_artist(AnchoredSizeBar(ax.transData, 5000 / pxs, '5 um', 'lower right', pad=0.3, size_vertical=1))
ax.axis('off')
return fhs
def reduce_stack(filename, first_frame=1, last_frame=-1, aggregate='sum', suffix=None, exclude=(),
threads=True, instrument_data=True, label='raw_counts', **kwargs):
exp_time_field = '/entry/instrument/detector/collection/shutter_time'
tilt_field = '/entry/instrument/Stage/A'
if last_frame == -1:
last_frame = 16383
exclude = [f'frame < {first_frame}', f'frame > {last_frame}'] + list(exclude)
from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool
def make_stacks(raw_name):
sr0 = get_nxs_list(raw_name, 'shots')
if instrument_data:
instrument_data = pd.DataFrame(get_meta_fields(raw_name, [exp_time_field, tilt_field])).astype(float)
instrument_data.columns = ['exp_time', 'tilt_angle']
instrument_data['tilt_angle'] = (instrument_data['tilt_angle'] * 180 / np.pi).round(1)
sr0 = sr0.merge(instrument_data, right_index=True, left_on='file')
sr0['selected'] = True
for ex in exclude:
sr0.loc[sr0.eval(ex), 'selected'] = False
return modify_stack(raw_name, sr0, aggregate=aggregate, labels=label, **kwargs)
if threads:
with ThreadPool() as pool:
stkdat = pool.map(make_stacks, expand_files(filename))
else:
stkdat = make_stacks(expand_files(filename))
shots = pd.concat([s[1] for s in stkdat if s[1].shape[0]], ignore_index=True)
stack_raw = da.concatenate([s[0][label] for s in stkdat if s[0][label].shape[0]], axis=0)
shots['file_raw'] = shots['file']
return None
| 4,743 |
https://github.com/karl-/window-mover/blob/master/window-mover/InputMap.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
window-mover
|
karl-
|
C#
|
Code
| 72 | 201 |
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace Parabox.WindowMover
{
struct InputMap
{
Keys m_Keys;
MouseButtons m_MouseButtons;
WindowAction m_Action;
public Keys keys { get { return m_Keys; } }
public MouseButtons mouseButtons { get { return m_MouseButtons; } }
public WindowAction action { get { return m_Action; } }
public InputMap(Keys keys, MouseButtons buttons, WindowAction action)
{
m_Keys = keys;
m_MouseButtons = buttons;
m_Action = action;
}
}
}
| 47,606 |
https://github.com/ajbm6/Bidder/blob/master/resources/assets/js/views/User.vue
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,018 |
Bidder
|
ajbm6
|
Vue
|
Code
| 162 | 912 |
<template>
<div class="container">
<div class="content">
<div class="user-view">
<nav class="user-navigation" v-if="!breakpoints.isSmallDevices()">
<h3 class="nav-section-heading">Inställningar</h3>
<ul class="nav-section">
<li>
<router-link to="/user/profile">
<i class="icon h_profile wh20 light-gray"></i>
<span class="link-text">Profil</span>
</router-link>
</li>
<li>
<router-link to="/user/notifications">
<i class="icon h_notification wh20 light-gray"></i>
<span class="link-text">Notifieringar</span>
</router-link>
</li>
<li>
<router-link to="/user/create-service">
<i class="icon h_browser wh20 light-gray"></i>
<span class="link-text">Skapa tjänst</span>
</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="nav-section-heading">Mina resurser</h3>
<ul class="nav-section">
<li>
<router-link to="/user/services">
<i class="icon h_briefcase wh20 light-gray"></i>
<span class="link-text">Tjänster</span>
</router-link>
</li>
<li>
<router-link to="/user/bids">
<i class="icon h_megafon wh20 light-gray"></i>
<span class="link-text">Bud</span>
</router-link>
</li>
<li>
<router-link to="/user/projects">
<i class="icon h_users wh20 light-gray"></i>
<span class="link-text">Projekt</span>
</router-link>
</li>
<li>
<router-link to="/user/subscriptions">
<i class="icon h_repeat wh20 light-gray"></i>
<span class="link-text">Prenumerationer</span>
</router-link>
</li>
<li>
<router-link to="/user/invoices">
<i class="icon h_payment wh20 light-gray"></i>
<span class="link-text">Betalningar</span>
</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<section class="user-content">
<router-view></router-view>
</section>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
data() {
return {
breakpoints: window.breakpoints,
}
},
methods: {
toggleMenu() {
let userNav = document.querySelector('.user-nav');
if ( userNav.classList.contains('must-show') ) {
document.querySelector('.user-nav').classList.remove('must-show');
} else {
document.querySelector('.user-nav').classList.add('must-show');
}
}
}
}
</script>
| 4,258 |
https://github.com/shanejixx/algorithm-and-data-structure/blob/master/leetcode/stack/0232.ImplementQueueusingStacks.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
algorithm-and-data-structure
|
shanejixx
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 456 | 865 |
// Implement a first in first out (FIFO) queue using only two stacks. The implemented queue should support all the functions of a normal queue (push, peek, pop, and empty).
// Implement the MyQueue class:
// void push(int x) Pushes element x to the back of the queue.
// int pop() Removes the element from the front of the queue and returns it.
// int peek() Returns the element at the front of the queue.
// boolean empty() Returns true if the queue is empty, false otherwise.
// Notes:
// You must use only standard operations of a stack, which means only push to top, peek/pop from top, size, and is empty operations are valid.
// Depending on your language, the stack may not be supported natively. You may simulate a stack using a list or deque (double-ended queue) as long as you use only a stack's standard operations.
// Follow-up: Can you implement the queue such that each operation is amortized O(1) time complexity? In other words, performing n operations will take overall O(n) time even if one of those operations may take longer.
//
// Example 1:
// Input
// ["MyQueue", "push", "push", "peek", "pop", "empty"]
// [[], [1], [2], [], [], []]
// Output
// [null, null, null, 1, 1, false]
// Explanation
// MyQueue myQueue = new MyQueue();
// myQueue.push(1); // queue is: [1]
// myQueue.push(2); // queue is: [1, 2] (leftmost is front of the queue)
// myQueue.peek(); // return 1
// myQueue.pop(); // return 1, queue is [2]
// myQueue.empty(); // return false
//
// Constraints:
// 1 <= x <= 9
// At most 100 calls will be made to push, pop, peek, and empty.
// All the calls to pop and peek are valid.
/**
* Initialize your data structure here.
*/
var MyQueue = function () {
this.stack1 = [];
this.stack2 = []
};
/**
* Push element x to the back of queue.
* @param {number} x
* @return {void}
*/
MyQueue.prototype.push = function (x) {
while (this.stack1.length) {
this.stack2.push(this.stack1.pop());
}
this.stack1.push(x);
while (this.stack2.length) {
this.stack1.push(this.stack2.pop());
}
};
/**
* Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element.
* @return {number}
*/
MyQueue.prototype.pop = function () {
return this.stack1.pop();
};
/**
* Get the front element.
* @return {number}
*/
MyQueue.prototype.peek = function () {
return this.stack1[this.stack1.length - 1];
};
/**
* Returns whether the queue is empty.
* @return {boolean}
*/
MyQueue.prototype.empty = function () {
return this.stack1.length === 0 && this.stack2.length === 0;
};
/**
* Your MyQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
* var obj = new MyQueue()
* obj.push(x)
* var param_2 = obj.pop()
* var param_3 = obj.peek()
* var param_4 = obj.empty()
*/
| 20,465 |
https://github.com/licho-growing/fluent-mybatis/blob/master/fluent-mybatis-test/src/test/java/cn/org/atool/fluent/mybatis/join/JoinQueryTest_Alias1.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,020 |
fluent-mybatis
|
licho-growing
|
Java
|
Code
| 440 | 1,801 |
package cn.org.atool.fluent.mybatis.join;
import cn.org.atool.fluent.mybatis.base.IQuery;
import cn.org.atool.fluent.mybatis.base.JoinBuilder;
import cn.org.atool.fluent.mybatis.generate.mapper.StudentMapper;
import cn.org.atool.fluent.mybatis.generate.wrapper.HomeAddressQuery;
import cn.org.atool.fluent.mybatis.generate.wrapper.StudentScoreQuery;
import cn.org.atool.fluent.mybatis.generate.wrapper.StudentQuery;
import cn.org.atool.fluent.mybatis.segment.model.Parameters;
import cn.org.atool.fluent.mybatis.test.BaseTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
public class JoinQueryTest_Alias1 extends BaseTest {
@Autowired
private StudentMapper mapper;
@Test
public void test_join() {
Parameters parameters = new Parameters();
JoinBuilder<StudentQuery> query = JoinBuilder
.from(new StudentQuery("u", parameters)
.select.age().end()
.where.isDeleted().eq(true)
.and.age().isNull()
.end()
.groupBy.age().apply("u.id").end()
.having.max.age().gt(1L).end()
.orderBy.id().desc().end()
).join(new HomeAddressQuery("a", parameters)
.select.studentId().end()
.where.isDeleted().eq(true)
.and.address().like("vas")
.end()
.groupBy.studentId().end()
.orderBy.id().asc().end()
)
.on(l -> l.where.id(), r -> r.where.id())
.on(l -> l.where.age(), r -> r.where.studentId()).endJoin()
.limit(20);
mapper.listMaps(query.build());
db.sqlList().wantFirstSql().eq(
"SELECT u.age, a.student_id " +
"FROM t_student u " +
"JOIN home_address a " +
"ON u.id = a.id " +
"AND u.age = a.student_id " +
"WHERE u.is_deleted = ? " +
"AND u.age IS NULL " +
"AND a.is_deleted = ? " +
"AND a.address LIKE ? " +
"GROUP BY u.age, u.id, a.student_id " +
"HAVING MAX(u.age) > ? " +
"ORDER BY u.id DESC, a.id ASC " +
"LIMIT ?, ?");
}
@Test
public void test_left_join() {
Parameters parameters = new Parameters();
JoinBuilder<StudentQuery> query = JoinBuilder
.from(new StudentQuery("t1", parameters)
.select.age().end()
.where.isDeleted().eq(true)
.and.age().isNull()
.end()
.groupBy.age().apply("t1.id").end()
.having.max.age().gt(1L).end()
).leftJoin(new HomeAddressQuery("t2", parameters)
.select.studentId().end()
.where.isDeleted().eq(true)
.and.address().like("vas")
.end()
.groupBy.studentId().end()
)
.on(l -> l.where.id(), r -> r.where.id())
.on(l -> l.where.age(), r -> r.where.studentId()).endJoin()
.distinct()
.limit(20);
mapper.listMaps(query.build());
db.sqlList().wantFirstSql().eq(
"SELECT DISTINCT t1.age, t2.student_id " +
"FROM t_student t1 " +
"LEFT JOIN home_address t2 " +
"ON t1.id = t2.id " +
"AND t1.age = t2.student_id " +
"WHERE t1.is_deleted = ? " +
"AND t1.age IS NULL " +
"AND t2.is_deleted = ? " +
"AND t2.address LIKE ? " +
"GROUP BY t1.age, t1.id, t2.student_id " +
"HAVING MAX(t1.age) > ? " +
"LIMIT ?, ?");
}
@Test
public void test_right_join() {
Parameters parameters = new Parameters();
JoinBuilder<StudentQuery> query = JoinBuilder
.from(new StudentQuery("t1", parameters)
.where.isDeleted().eq(true)
.and.age().isNull()
.end()
).rightJoin(new HomeAddressQuery("t2", parameters)
.where.isDeleted().eq(true)
.and.address().like("vas")
.end())
.on(l -> l.where.id(), r -> r.where.id())
.endJoin();
mapper.listMaps(query.build());
db.sqlList().wantFirstSql()
.end("FROM t_student t1 RIGHT JOIN home_address t2 " +
"ON t1.id = t2.id " +
"WHERE t1.is_deleted = ? " +
"AND t1.age IS NULL " +
"AND t2.is_deleted = ? " +
"AND t2.address LIKE ?");
}
@Test
void three_join() {
Parameters parameters = new Parameters();
IQuery query = JoinBuilder
.from(new StudentQuery("t1", parameters)
.where.age().eq(3).end())
.leftJoin(new HomeAddressQuery("t2", parameters)
.where.address().like("xxx").end())
.on(l -> l.where.addressId(), r -> r.where.id()).endJoin()
.leftJoin(new StudentScoreQuery("t3", parameters)
.where.subject().in(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}).end())
.on(l -> l.where.id(), r -> r.where.studentId()).endJoin()
.build();
mapper.listMaps(query);
db.sqlList().wantFirstSql()
.contains(new String[]{"t1.id", "t2.id", "t3.id"})
.end("FROM t_student t1 LEFT JOIN home_address t2 " +
"ON t1.address_id = t2.id " +
"LEFT JOIN student_score t3 ON t1.id = t3.student_id " +
"WHERE t1.age = ? " +
"AND t2.address LIKE ? " +
"AND t3.subject IN (?, ?, ?)");
}
}
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United States Tax Court
T.C. Memo. 2022-127
SUSAN P. KECHIJIAN,
Petitioner
v.
COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE,
Respondent
—————
Docket No. 3430-20. Filed December 28, 2022.
—————
P and H were parties to a previous deficiency case in
this Court. They filed joint federal income tax returns for
the years 2000 to 2004. In January 2010 R issued to P and
H notices of deficiency for those years. In April 2010 P and
H, represented by counsel whom H had hired, jointly filed
a petition asking this Court to redetermine those
deficiencies. Before their case was decided, H died in
September 2013, and P and E were named co-executors of
H’s estate. This Court substituted H’s estate as a party to
the deficiency case, and thereafter the co-petitioners were
P and H’s estate (with P and E as co-executors). In April
2017 this Court determined no deficiencies for 2000 to 2003
but decided that H and his business partner had failed to
report taxable income for 2004 and were thus liable for the
income tax deficiency as well as an accuracy-related
penalty under I.R.C. § 6662(a).
P then filed Form 8857, “Request for Innocent
Spouse Relief”, requesting relief under I.R.C. § 6015(b), (c),
and (f) from joint and several liability for the 2004 liability.
R denied this request.
In February 2020 P filed a Petition with this Court
challenging this denial. P moved for summary judgment
on grounds that she is eligible for innocent spouse relief
Served 12/28/22
2
[*2] under I.R.C. § 6015(b) and (c), and that, pursuant to I.R.C.
§ 6015(g)(2), res judicata arising from the previous
deficiency case does not bar her Petition because innocent
spouse relief was not at issue in that case and because she
did not meaningfully participate in that case. R opposed
the motion and cross-moved, arguing that P did
meaningfully participate in the previous deficiency case
both in her own capacity and as a co-executor of H’s estate
and that the I.R.C. § 6015(g)(2) exception to res judicata
therefore does not apply.
Held: P meaningfully participated in the previous
deficiency case through counsel, and res judicata therefore
precludes P from raising her I.R.C. § 6015 claim for the
year that was the subject of that case. The exception of
I.R.C. § 6015(g)(2) does not apply.
—————
Lynn F. Chandler and Lucas D. Garber, for petitioner.
Olivia H. Rembach and Timothy J. Driscoll, for respondent.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
GUSTAFSON, Judge: Petitioner Susan P. Kechijian seeks this
Court’s review, under section 6015(e), 1 of the denial by the Internal
Revenue Service (“IRS”) of her request for relief from joint and several
liability for a federal income tax liability for 2004, a year for which she
filed a joint return with her late husband. This case is currently before
the Court on Ms. Kechijian’s motion for summary judgment under Rule
121, to which respondent, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, filed
a reply that we deemed a cross-motion for summary judgment. We will
grant respondent’s motion and sustain the IRS’s determination on
grounds of res judicata.
1 Unless otherwise indicated, statutory references are to the Internal Revenue
Code (“the Code”, Title 26 of the United States Code) as in effect at the relevant times;
regulation references are to Title 26 of the Code of Federal Regulations (“Treas. Reg.”),
as in effect at the relevant times; and Rule references are to the Tax Court Rules of
Practice and Procedure.
3
[*3] Background
The following facts are based on the parties’ pleadings, motions
for summary judgment, and declarations attached thereto, as well as the
record of Ms. Kechijian’s prior deficiency case (of which we take notice
pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 201). 2 Unless otherwise noted,
these facts are not in dispute. When Ms. Kechijian filed her petition,
she resided in North Carolina. 3
2004 deficiency determination
Arthur E. Kechijian and Susan P. Kechijian filed joint federal
income tax returns for the years 2000 to 2004. The IRS thereafter
determined that Mr. Kechijian and his business partner, Larry E.
Austin, failed to report income they had received in those years related
to S corporation stock that they owned. For purposes of the
Commissioner’s motion, we assume that Ms. Kechijian had no
involvement in or knowledge of the unreported income and had no role
in dealing with the IRS’s audit. The IRS then issued to both the
Kechijians and the Austins (Larry Austin and his wife) notices of
deficiency determining deficiencies in federal income tax and penalties
for the years 2000 to 2004.
Deficiency case
In April 2010 both the Kechijians and the Austins timely
petitioned this Court for redetermination of the deficiencies and related
penalties. The Austins’ petition (Doc. 1 in No. 8966-10) and the
Kechijians’ petition (Doc. 1 in No. 8967-10) were both signed by Attorney
Lynn F. Chandler as “Counsel for [the plural] Petitioners”. The cases
were consolidated for briefing, trial, and opinion.
Mr. Kechijian died in September 2013, and in that month
Ms. Kechijian made a motion: “Petitioner Susan P. Kechijian, through
undersigned counsel, hereby moves this Court to substitute the personal
2 The record of which we take notice consists of the Tax Court’s record in Estate
of Kechijian v. Commissioner, Docket No. 8967-10, which was consolidated with Austin
v. Commissioner, Docket No. 8966-10, and was decided in Austin v. Commissioner, T.C.
Memo. 2017-69, aff’d sub nom. Est. of Kechijian v. Commissioner, Docket No. 18-2277,
962 F.3d 800 (4th Cir. 2020), and the record of the Court of Appeals for the Fourth
Circuit.
3 Unless stipulated otherwise, venue for an appeal in this case would evidently
be the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. See § 7482(b).
4
[*4] representatives of the Estate of Arthur E. Kechijian, deceased, who
are currently Susan P. Kechijian and Scott E. Hoehn, for Mr. Kechijian
in his individual capacity.” (Doc. 73 in No. 8967-10.) The “undersigned
counsel” was again Attorney Lynn F. Chandler. The Court granted that
motion, and Ms. Kechijian and Scott E. Hoehn, a senior employee of
Mr. Kechijian’s S corporation, began to represent Mr. Kechijian’s estate.
In December 2013 the Court denied cross-motions for summary
judgment that had been previously filed, see Austin v. Commissioner,
141 T.C. 551 (2013), and the parties thereafter conducted additional
discovery. The trial took place in May 2015, more than a year and a half
after Mr. Kechijian’s death. Throughout the case petitioners’ filings
identified Attorney Lynn F. Chandler as counsel for all petitioners,
including Susan Kechijian personally. Ms. Kechijian did not participate
in the IRS Appeals process while this deficiency case was docketed; she
did not participate in any pretrial meetings; she did not participate in
settlement negotiations; she did not sign any court documents; and she
did not otherwise participate at trial except sitting in the courtroom
during trial. Regarding her participation in the deficiency case after the
death of her husband, Ms. Kechijian stated in her declaration in the
current case:
After Art’s death, his estate was substituted as a party and
I was named again because I was a co-executor of Art’s
estate. However, I never participated[4] in the litigation in
any way before or after Art’s death. Scott Hoehn, my co-
executor and the former Controller of UMLIC [an S
corporation founded and directed by Mr. Kechijian and
Mr. Austin], handled all aspects of the litigation with the
law firm hired by my husband before his death, including
pretrial meetings, discovery, settlement negotiations, and
testifying at trial. I attended the trial and sat in the gallery
as an observer, but I did not participate in the trial and
provided no input whatsoever.
4 As we explain below in Part I.A, we assume that Ms. Kechijian’s allegations
are true, for purposes of the Commissioner’s motion for summary judgment; but under
Rule 121(d), sentence 4, the facts that we assume here are the specific facts about the
hiring of counsel, attendance at trial, providing input, and so forth, and not her broad
generalization that she “never participated”.
5
[*5] Similarly, Scott Hoehn, the co-executor of Mr. Kechijian’s estate,
stated in his declaration in the current case the following about Ms.
Kechijian’s participation in this deficiency case:
After Art’s death, I was substituted along with Susie as the
Petitioner representing Art’s estate. As a Co-Executor, . ..
I assumed sole responsibility for communicating with
counsel about the conduct of the Prior Litigation and did
not consult with Susie or include Susie in those
communications. Susie delegated all responsibility for the
Prior Litigation to me as her Co-Executor because the
issues involved UMLIC. Susie never had any involvement
with UMLIC during her marriage to Art, and she lacked
any knowledge or understanding of those issues.
For purposes of the Commissioner’s motion, we accept the allegations of
Ms. Kechijian and Mr. Hoehn.
In April 2017 this Court issued its opinion, determining no
deficiencies for 2000 to 2003 but holding that both Mr. Kechijian and
Mr. Austin had failed to include taxable compensation income for 2004
in their tax returns and sustaining the IRS’s determination that both
were also liable for accuracy-related penalties for 2004. Austin, T.C.
Memo. 2017-69. Decisions were entered in August 2018.
Petitioners—i.e., Ms. Kechijian personally, Ms. Kechijian and Mr.
Hoehn as representatives of the Estate of Arthur Kechijian, and the
Austins—appealed this Court’s decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Fourth Circuit. The notice of appeal was filed in the Tax Court on
behalf of all petitioners (including Ms. Kechijian personally) by Attorney
Lynn F. Chandler; and Ms. Chandler (among others) filed in the Court
of Appeals an “Appearance of Counsel Form” identifying herself as
counsel for all petitioners, including “Susan Kechijian, individual[ly]”.
The appellate briefs show Ms. Chandler as lead counsel. In June 2020
the Fourth Circuit upheld this Court’s judgment. See Est. of Kechijian
v. Commissioner, 962 F.3d at 802.
However, innocent spouse relief for Ms. Kechijian under section
6015 was not an issue raised in the deficiency case—neither in this
Court nor in the appeal.
6
[*6] Susan Kechijian’s request for relief
In June 2019 Ms. Kechijian filed with the IRS Form 8857,
“Request for Innocent Spouse Relief”, requesting relief from joint and
several liability pursuant to section 6015(b), (c), and (f). Attorney Lynn
F. Chandler signed the Form 8857 as “Preparer”. For purposes of the
Commissioner’s motion, we assume that Ms. Kechijian’s request for
relief had merit. The IRS denied her request in November 2019,
claiming that she did not meet the basic eligibility requirements.
Innocent spouse case
Ms. Kechijian then commenced this case by filing a Petition under
section 6015(e) in February 2020, asking this Court to review the relief
available to her under section 6015(b), (c), or (f). On December 8, 2021,
Ms. Kechijian (through counsel) moved for summary judgment under
Tax Court Rule 121, claiming (1) that she is entitled to relief under
section 6015(b), (2) that she is entitled to elect relief under section
6015(c), and (3) that under section 6015(g)(2), she is not barred by res
judicata from raising the innocent spouse relief in the current case
because she did not meaningfully participate in the prior deficiency case.
Regarding the lack of meaningful participation, Ms. Kechijian argues
that her participation in the previous deficiency case was limited to
being represented by her counsel and sitting in the gallery during the
trial. Ms. Chandler, Ms. Kechijian’s counsel in the previous deficiency
case, also concurrently represented Mr. Kechijian and subsequently
Mr. Kechijian’s estate in that case, and she continues to represent
Ms. Kechijian in this current case.
The Commissioner filed a response to Ms. Kechijian’s motion for
summary judgment. The Commissioner admits that, regarding the 2004
deficiency, Ms. Kechijian did not directly participate in the audit or in
meetings with the IRS Office of Appeals, did not directly participate in
pretrial meetings or discovery, did not directly participate in settlement
discussions, did not personally sign any pleadings or other court
documents, was not deposed, and was not called as a witness at trial.
The Commissioner instead argues that petitioner, in her capacity both
as a co-petitioner and as co-executor of Mr. Kechijian’s estate,
meaningfully participated in the prior deficiency case through her
counsel and is now barred by res judicata from raising her current claim
for innocent spouse relief. We issued an order deeming the
Commissioner’s response to be a cross-motion and allowing
Ms. Kechijian to file a response.
7
[*7] Discussion
I. General principles of law
A. Summary judgment
The purpose of summary judgment is to expedite litigation and
avoid unnecessary trials. Fla. Peach Corp. v. Commissioner, 90 T.C.
678, 681 (1988). We may grant a motion for summary judgment when
there is no genuine dispute of material fact and a decision may be
rendered as a matter of law. Rule 121(b); Elec. Arts, Inc. v.
Commissioner, 118 T.C. 226, 238 (2002).
The moving party bears the burden of presenting evidence to
“show that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and that
a decision may be rendered as a matter of law”, Rule 121(b); and if the
movant does so, then the opposing party “must set forth specific facts
showing that there is a genuine dispute for trial”, Rule 121(d). In
determining the presence or absence of a genuine dispute, the Court will
view factual materials and draw inferences in the light most favorable
to the nonmoving party. Dahlstrom v. Commissioner, 85 T.C. 812, 821
(1985). As we consider the Commissioner’s cross-motion for summary
judgment, we therefore will draw inferences in favor of Ms. Kechijian.
However, in doing so we keep in mind that the fourth sentence of
Rule 121(d) obliges the non-moving party to “set forth specific facts” (in
contrast to “mere allegations or denials”). Ms. Kechijian could not
immunize herself from summary judgment by a general denial that she
“participated meaningfully” under section 6015(g)(2) (discussed in
Part II below) but rather must “set forth specific facts showing that” she
did not participate meaningfully.
B. Relief from joint and several liability
Section 6013(d)(3) provides that when married taxpayers file a
joint federal income tax return, the tax is computed on their aggregated
income, and their liability to pay the tax shown on the return or found
to be owing is joint and several. See also Treas. Reg. § 1.6013-4(b). That
is, each spouse is liable for the entire tax liability. Under section 6015,
however, a taxpayer may seek relief from joint and several liability; and
if the IRS determines not to grant such relief to a taxpayer, then
section 6015(e) gives the taxpayer the right to petition this Court for
review of that determination.
8
[*8] C. Res judicata
Res judicata (Latin for “a thing adjudicated”), otherwise known
as “claim preclusion”, is an affirmative defense developed by the courts
to bar repetitious suits on the same cause of action, and this doctrine is
applicable to tax litigation. As the Supreme Court explained:
[W]hen a court of competent jurisdiction has entered a final
judgment on the merits of a cause of action, the parties to
the suit and their privies are thereafter bound “not only as
to every matter which was offered and received to sustain
or defeat the claim or demand, but as to any other
admissible matter which might have been offered for that
purpose.” . ..
....
. . . Income taxes are levied on an annual basis. Each year
is the origin of a new liability and of a separate cause of
action. Thus if a claim of liability or non-liability relating
to a particular tax year is litigated, a judgment on the
merits is res judicata as to any subsequent proceeding
involving the same claim and the same tax year.
Commissioner v. Sunnen, 333 U.S. 591, 597–98 (1948) (quoting
Cromwell v. Cnty. Of Sac, 94 U.S. 351, 352 (1876)). That is, each tax
year is a separate cause of action, and res judicata makes truly final a
final judgment for a particular tax year. Where the cause of action of a
taxpayer’s liability in a given tax year has already been litigated, the
parties may thereafter be barred from relitigating that liability—
whether by reference either to a “matter which was offered” in that prior
suit or to a “matter which might have been offered” in the prior suit—
unless an exception to the doctrine of res judicata applies.
However, section 6015(g)(2), discussed below, creates an
exception to res judicata in the case of an “innocent spouse” claiming
relief from joint liability in a subsequent suit, where that spouse did not
“participate[] meaningfully in such prior proceeding.”
9
[*9] II. Analysis
A. Res judicata bars litigation of innocent spouse relief from
the 2004 deficiency in this case.
Under the Supreme Court’s explication of res judicata in Sunnen,
this Court has required that four conditions be met to preclude the
relitigation of a claim: (1) the parties in each action must be identical (or
at least be in privity); (2) a court of competent jurisdiction must have
rendered the first judgment; (3) the prior action must have resulted in a
final judgment on the merits; and (4) the same cause of action or claim
must be involved in both suits. See Breland v. Commissioner, 152 T.C.
156, 161 (2019); Koprowski v. Commissioner, 138 T.C. 54, 62 (2012);
see also Covert v. LVNV Funding, LLC, 779 F.3d 242, 246 (4th Cir. 2015).
If a party appeals this Court’s decision to the appropriate Court of
Appeals (as Ms. Kechijian did after the adverse decision in the previous
deficiency case), then the judgment of that Court of Appeals shall be the
final decision (unless the case is thereafter granted certiorari by the
Supreme Court). See § 7481(a). “Once these conditions are met, each
party is prohibited from raising any claim or defense that was or could
have been raised as part of the litigation over the cause of action in the
prior case.” Koprowski, 138 T.C. at 62 (emphasis added). These four
conditions are met here:
First, in the prior deficiency proceedings, Ms. Kechijian was a
petitioner in the Tax Court, and the Commissioner of Internal Revenue
was the respondent; Ms. Kechijian was an appellant in the Fourth
Circuit, and the Commissioner was the appellee. See generally Austin,
T.C. Memo. 2017-69; Est. of Kechijian v. Commissioner, 962 F.3d 800.
In this case Ms. Kechijian is again the petitioner, and the Commissioner
is again the respondent. Thus, the parties are identical.
Second, in the prior deficiency case, the Kechijians filed their
deficiency suit in this Court, which is authorized under section 6213(a)
to hear such suits. We had jurisdiction in that prior case to render
judgment. The Fourth Circuit also had jurisdiction under section 7482
to review the decision rendered by this Court.
Third, the deficiency case concluded with the entry of a decision
on June 23, 2020, by the Fourth Circuit implementing our opinion filed
on April 24, 2017. The Fourth Circuit’s affirmance was the final
judgment on the merits of the Kechijians’ 2004 federal income tax
liability, for which they are jointly and severally liable.
10
[*10] Fourth, in the present case, Ms. Kechijian seeks innocent spouse
relief from that very liability—i.e., the federal income tax liability for
2004—as to which the Fourth Circuit affirmed this Court’s holding in
the deficiency case that she was jointly and severally liable. The subject
matter of the claims is thus identical.
Since these four conditions are present, relitigation of
Ms. Kechijian’s liability for the 2004 federal income tax deficiency is
barred by res judicata unless she can invoke some exception to its
application.
B. Ms. Kechijian has not shown that any exception to the
doctrine of res judicata applies.
1. The exception of section 6015(g)(2)
Ms. Kechijian argues that, pursuant to section 6015(g)(2), res
judicata does not bar her request for relief from joint liability under
section 6015 because such relief was not an issue in the previous
deficiency proceedings and she did not meaningfully participate in the
previous proceedings. Section 6015(g)(2) provides:
(2) Res judicata.—In the case of any election under
subsection (b) or (c) or of any request for equitable relief
under subsection (f), if a decision of a court in any prior
proceeding for the same taxable year has become final,
such decision shall be conclusive except with respect to the
qualification of the individual for relief which was not an
issue in such proceeding. The exception contained in the
preceding sentence shall not apply if the court determines
that the individual participated meaningfully in such prior
proceeding.
Under this statute, to escape the effect of res judicata from prior
litigation, Ms. Kechijian must show (1) that her innocent spouse claim
“was not an issue” in the prior deficiency case and (2) that she did not
“participate[] meaningfully” in the prior deficiency case. The
Commissioner concedes that Ms. Kechijian did not raise the issue of
innocent spouse relief in the previous deficiency case. Thus, the only
question before us is whether she “participated meaningfully” in the
previous deficiency case within the meaning of section 6015(g)(2).
11
[*11] 2. Meaningful participation
In an innocent spouse case, the requesting spouse ultimately
bears the burden of proving that she did not participate meaningfully in
the prior proceeding. See Deihl v. Commissioner, 134 T.C. 156, 162
(2010). In the context of summary judgment (explained in Part I.A
above), she bears the simpler burden of setting forth specific facts to
raise a “genuine dispute” on that issue. For the reasons we now explain,
we hold that Ms. Kechijian fails to carry this burden.
a. Facts and circumstances
The phrase “participated meaningfully” is not defined in section
6015(g)(2). This Court looks to the totality of the facts and
circumstances to determine whether a taxpayer participated
meaningfully in a prior proceeding. See Harbin v. Commissioner, 137
T.C. 93, 98 (2011); Rogers v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2017-130,
at *13, aff’d, 908 F.3d 1094 (7th Cir. 2018). Particularly, this Court
views the following factors as probative of meaningful participation:
(1) exercising exclusive control over the handling of the prior proceeding;
(2) having a high level of participation in the prior proceeding (e.g.,
signing court documents and participating in settlement negotiations);
and (3) having the opportunity to raise a claim for relief from joint and
several liability in the prior proceeding. Harbin, 137 T.C. at 98; Rogers
v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2018-53, at *97–98, supplemented by T.C.
Memo. 2019-61, aff’d, 9 F.4th 576 (7th Cir. 2021); see also Haag v.
Shulman, 683 F.3d 26, 31 (1st Cir. 2012), aff’g T.C. Memo. 2011-87.
Citing a proposed regulation, 5 Ms. Kechijian stresses the
following facts and circumstances: She did not participate in the IRS
Appeals process while the deficiency case was docketed; 6 she did not
5 Proposed Treasury Regulation section 1.6015-1(e)(3), 80 Fed. Reg. 72649,
72656 (Nov. 20, 2015), suggests a “nonexclusive list of acts to be considered”, and
Ms. Kechijian contends that consideration of those listed acts shows that she did not
meaningfully participate in the prior deficiency case. As we have previously explained,
proposed regulations do not have the force of law but rather “are merely suggestions
made for comment. Proposed regulations ‘carry no more weight than a position
advanced on brief by the respondent.’” Zinniel v. Commissioner, 89 T.C. 357, 369
(1987) (citations omitted) (quoting F.W. Woolworth v. Commissioner, 54 T.C. 1233,
1265–66 (1970)). In this instance, however, the facts and circumstances suggested in
the proposed regulation are consistent with the caselaw cited above.
6 Ms. Kechijian alleges more broadly (and we assume) that she “did not
participate in the IRS audit or Appeals process”. But section 6015(g)(2) has us consider
12
[*12] participate in any pretrial meetings; she did not participate in
settlement negotiations; she did not sign any court documents; and other
than sitting in the courtroom she did not participate at trial. All these
facts are relevant, and we assume them to be true. Taken by
themselves, they tend against a holding of meaningful participation.
b. Participation through counsel
On the record before us, however, those facts and circumstances
are overwhelmed by one additional fact: Ms. Kechijian had a lawyer who
represented her throughout the prior proceeding and who, on her behalf,
very meaningfully participated in that proceeding. 7 We have held that
“[t]he fact that the taxpayer was represented by counsel and
communicated with counsel at the prior proceeding is an indication of
meaningful participation”. Rogers, T.C. Memo. 2018-53, at *97–98. Ms.
Kechijian was the client of Attorney Lynn F. Chandler, who did
participate in pretrial meetings and settlement negotiations, did sign
and file court documents (including original and amended pleadings),
and did argue before the Court and examine witnesses at trial. A lawyer
who enters an appearance on behalf of a petitioner thereafter acts for
and on behalf of the petitioner. When a petitioner is represented by
counsel, the acts of counsel fulfill the obligations of the petitioner as
litigant. We do not disregard the acts of the attorney in order to conclude
(under Rule 123(a)) that the “party has failed to plead or otherwise
proceed” or to conclude (under Rule 123(b)) that there has been a “failure
of a petitioner properly to prosecute”. On the contrary, the represented
petitioner does adequately “proceed” and does “properly . . . prosecute”
her case by hiring a lawyer who fulfills her obligations.
The “participated meaningfully” standard of section 6015(g)(2)
cannot be reasonably construed to always require direct and immediate
her participation “in such prior proceeding”, i.e., a “proceeding” in which there was “a
decision of a court”. Her non-involvement in the administrative audit or Appeals
process is not directly relevant. The proposed regulation (which is not binding, see
supra note 5) does reasonably include, in its “list of acts to be considered”, “[w]hether
the requesting spouse participated in the IRS Appeals process while the prior
proceeding was docketed”, Prop. Treas. Reg. § 1.6015-1(e)(3), 80 Fed. Reg. at 72656
(emphasis added), since that activity before Appeals in a docketed case can be viewed
as a sort of adjunct to the Tax Court proceeding.
7 As Ms. Kechijian acknowledges, the proposed regulation that she cites does
include, on its “list of acts to be considered”, “whether the requesting spouse was
represented by counsel in the prior proceeding”. Prop. Treas. Reg. § 1.6015-1(e)(3),
80 Fed. Reg. at 72656.
13
[*13] participation by the petitioner herself as opposed to participation
by the petitioner’s lawyer retained for that purpose. It seems impossible
that Congress could have intended the perverse and even absurd results
of such a construction. If participating indirectly through counsel could
not constitute meaningful participation, then a deficiency petitioner
with a potential claim under section 6015 could sometimes exempt
herself from res judicata by retaining counsel to handle her deficiency
case, deliberately refraining from raising that claim in the deficiency
case, and then, if she lost that deficiency case, getting a second bite at
the apple by raising her section 6015 claim in an innocent spouse case
under section 6015(e). 8
We conclude that section 6015(g)(2) certainly contemplates that
participation through counsel in a prior proceeding can constitute
meaningful participation that triggers res judicata and bars a
subsequent innocent spouse case.
c. Potential non-meaningful participation
despite having counsel
Being represented by counsel in a prior proceeding is a fact
showing participation, but it is not the only relevant fact, and there can
be circumstances in which a taxpayer who was a co-petitioner
represented by counsel in a deficiency case nonetheless did not
meaningfully participate in that case. In Deihl, we held that a taxpayer
who (with her husband) was represented by counsel in prior
consolidated deficiency cases did not participate meaningfully in those
cases. Deihl, 134 T.C. at 165. The taxpayer did not sign any court
documents or review the petition or the stipulations of facts in the prior
cases. Id. at 163–64. The attorneys jointly representing the taxpayer
and her husband did not discuss these documents with the taxpayer. Id.
at 164. The taxpayer did not meet with any IRS personnel or participate
in any of the settlement negotiations. Id. Although the taxpayer in
Deihl testified briefly at trial in the deficiency cases, we concluded that
she testified “more like a third-party fact witness than a participating
litigant”, and that the taxpayer’s husband “controlled the litigation . ..
8 The record before does not suggest any such cynical calculation by Ms.
Kechijian, and we assume there was none. But it might often be true that a spouse
who hopes she and her husband will prevail in disproving a deficiency, but who also
has a potential innocent spouse claim, would prefer not to undermine her husband’s
credibility in the deficiency case by proving herself to have been an innocent spouse—
and him guilty.
14
[*14] until his death” after the trial had been concluded and the Tax
Court had issued its opinion. Id. at 165.
In Harbin, the ex-husband (Mr. Harbin) was the spouse
requesting relief under section 6015, and the ex-wife (Ms. Nalls) was the
non-requesting spouse and intervenor. The record showed that
Ms. Nalls exercised “exclusive control over the prior deficiency case”,
Harbin, 137 T.C. at 98, and that Mr. Harbin did not sign any court
documents other than the petition and the amended petition, see id.
at 94, 99. Moreover, Mr. Harbin’s innocent spouse relief claim was
directly in conflict with the interest of Ms. Nalls, but their joint attorney,
who represented both Mr. Harbin and Ms. Nalls, neither obtained
Mr. Harbin’s written consent waiving the conflict of interest nor even
disclosed this conflict to Mr. Harbin but “proceeded with the joint
representation despite the conflict of interest”. Id. at 99. We held that
Mr. Harbin did not participate meaningfully in the previous case
because the attorney’s concurrent representation of the two former
spouses, whose interests were adverse, “obscured and obstructed”
Mr. Harbin’s opportunity to raise a claim for relief under section 6015.
See id.
Thus, it is possible that a petitioner in a deficiency case who is
represented by an attorney in that case nonetheless does not participate
meaningfully in that case—depending on other facts and circumstances.
d. Ms. Kechijian’s meaningful participation
through counsel
The other facts and circumstances present in Deihl and Harbin
that disproved “meaningful” participation through counsel in those
cases are not shown or alleged here. The most significant distinction
between those cases and this one is that here Mr. Kechijian had died a
year and a half before the trial in this case. He was not able thereafter
to restrict Ms. Kechijian’s pursuit of her interests and, in particular, her
pursuit of a claim under section 6015. She was no longer under the
shadow of Mr. Kechijian but rather was in a position to control the
litigation however she wished—both as a petitioner in her own right and
as the co-executor of Mr. Kechijian’s estate.
As to her co-executor, Mr. Hoehn, we assume it is true, as
Ms. Kechijian alleges, that only he and not she gave instructions to
counsel for the handling of the deficiency case after Mr. Kechijian’s
death. However, that was by Ms. Kechijian’s choice. As Mr. Hoehn
15
[*15] explains, “Susie delegated all responsibility for the Prior
Litigation to me as her Co-Executor”. This may well have been a
sensible decision on Ms. Kechijian’s part, and it freed her from actually
having to make decisions about the litigation; that is, the manner in
which she decided to participate in the case was by delegation to Mr.
Hoehn and to her lawyer, Ms. Chandler.
Unlike the petitioner in Deihl, Ms. Kechijian had unrestricted
control over the prior deficiency case after Mr. Kechijian passed away in
September 2013—both as a co-petitioner personally and as a
representative of Mr. Kechijian’s estate. We ruled for the requesting
spouse in Deihl because the requesting spouse’s low level of
participation in the prior case was the result of the non-requesting
spouse’s controlling the litigation. That is not the case here.
Mr. Kechijian may have controlled the proceedings before his death, but
once he died and Ms. Kechijian was named the co-executor of his estate,
Ms. Kechijian’s husband was no longer controlling the case.
Unlike the petitioner in Harbin, Ms. Kechijian has made no
showing or allegation that the Kechijians’ joint attorney failed to
disclose any conflict of interest and proceeded with the joint
representation in the presence of such a conflict. In fact, Ms. Kechijian’s
declaration submitted in support of her motion for summary judgment
makes no allegation whatever as to any communication or lack of
communication between her attorney and herself about her interests.
She makes no comment about any respect in which the joint
representation obscured or obstructed her attorney’s attention to her
interests in the prior case, and she retained that same attorney to
represent her in this case. Thus, she does not articulate any reason to
conclude that she did not meaningfully participate through her attorney
even before Mr. Kechijian’s death; and after his death, she had no
possible competition for her attorney’s attention and loyalty. She was
in control as much as she chose to be.
Therefore, even though it is undisputed that Ms. Kechijian only
sat in the gallery during the trial in the prior deficiency case, she has
not alleged or shown that this was the result of her counsel’s and co-
executor’s excluding her from participating in that case. Without
evidence supporting such an exclusion, we can only conclude that
Ms. Kechijian’s low level of visible participation in the prior case was
due to her deliberate delegation of her responsibility in that case to her
attorney and her co-executor. Such delegation does not establish that
Ms. Kechijian did not meaningfully participate in the prior deficiency
16
[*16] case; to the contrary, it shows that Ms. Kechijian could have raised
the issue of innocent spouse relief in the prior deficiency case—but she
did not. Therefore, she does not qualify for the exception in section
6015(g)(2), and in this case she is not excepted from the application of
res judicata to the issue of innocent spouse relief from joint and several
liability.
Because res judicata bars Ms. Kechijian from relitigating her
joint and several liability for the 2004 federal income tax that she
already litigated in the prior deficiency case, we will deny
Ms. Kechijian’s motion for summary judgment, will grant the
Commissioner’s cross-motion for summary judgment, and will sustain
the IRS’s determination to deny Ms. Kechijian relief under section 6015
from joint and several liability for the 2004 deficiency and the accuracy-
related penalty.
To reflect the foregoing,
An appropriate order and decision will be entered.
| 11,892 |
https://github.com/albertodev01/equations/blob/master/example/flutter_example/test/blocs/system_solver/states_test.dart
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
equations
|
albertodev01
|
Dart
|
Code
| 84 | 298 |
import 'package:equations/equations.dart';
import 'package:equations_solver/blocs/system_solver/system_solver.dart';
import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
void main() {
group("Testing events for the 'SystemBloc' bloc", () {
test('Making sure that a comparison logic is implemented', () {
final systemGuesses = SystemGuesses(
systemSolver: LUSolver.flatMatrix(
equations: const [],
constants: const [],
),
solution: const [],
);
expect(systemGuesses.props.length, equals(2));
expect(
SystemGuesses(
systemSolver: LUSolver.flatMatrix(
equations: const [],
constants: const [],
),
solution: const [],
),
equals(systemGuesses),
);
expect(
const SystemError(),
equals(const SystemError()),
);
expect(
const SystemNone(),
equals(const SystemNone()),
);
expect(
const SingularSystemError(),
equals(const SingularSystemError()),
);
});
});
}
| 4,185 |
https://github.com/Astrovicis/Ocean-Bounty-Upgradeability-POC/blob/master/contracts/ContractStorage.sol
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
Ocean-Bounty-Upgradeability-POC
|
Astrovicis
|
Solidity
|
Code
| 846 | 1,976 |
pragma solidity ^0.5.0;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;
import "./SafeMath.sol";
import "./ContractSystem.sol";
contract ContractStorage {
using SafeMath for uint256;
struct Info {
address system;
uint256 version;
address owner;
}
Info info; // slot 0
// mapping(bytes32 => DIDRegister) didRegister; // slot 3
constructor(address system) public {
info.system = system;
info.version = 1;
info.owner = msg.sender;
}
/// @dev
/// 1) Uses msg.sender to ask ContractSystem for the type of library this call should be forwarded to
/// 2) Uses this library type to lookup (in its own storage) the name of the library
/// 3) Uses this name to ask ContractSystem for the address of the contract (under this contract's version)
/// 4) Uses name and signature to ask ContractSystem for the data necessary to modify the incoming calldata
/// so as to be appropriate for the associated library call
/// 5) Makes a delegatecall to the library address given by ContractSystem with the library-appropriate calldata
function () external {
assembly {
// from MessageForwarder: selector, msg.sender, version, ...calldata
// constants
let offset := shl(224, 1)
let ptr := mload(0x40) // scratch space for calldata
let system := sload(info_slot) // load info.system address
let version := sload(add(info_slot, 1)) // load contract storage version
mstore(0, shl(224, 0xe11aa6a2)) // getContractType(address)
mstore(0x04, caller) // arg 0 - calling contract or user
let res := call(gas, system, 0, 0, 0x24, 0, 0x20) // call system.getContractType
if iszero(res) { revert(0, 0) } // safety check
let contractType := mload(0) // store type from response
// get call translation data from system
mstore(ptr, shl(224, 0xaeaebc5c)) // getCallTranslation(uint256,address,bytes32)
mstore(add(ptr, 0x04), version) // arg 1 - version
if eq(contractType, 0) { mstore(add(ptr, 0x24), address) } // arg 2 - identifier (storage address) or
if gt(contractType, 0) { mstore(add(ptr, 0x24), caller) } // arg 2 - identifier (forwarder address)
calldatacopy(add(ptr, 0x44), 0, 0x04) // arg 3 - selector
res := call(gas, system, 0, ptr, 0x64, 0, 0) // call system.getCallTranslation
if iszero(res) { revert(0, 0) } // safety check
returndatacopy(ptr, 0, returndatasize) // copy translation data into ptr
let ptr2 := add(ptr, mload(ptr)) // ptr2 is pointer to start of translation data
let libAddress := mload(ptr2) // copy library address from returndata
calldatacopy(0, 0, 0x04) // load selector into memory
if eq(div(mload(0), offset), 0xd55ec697) { // if the selector is for 'upgrade()'
res := delegatecall(gas, libAddress, 0, 0x04, 0, 0) // delegatecall to library
if iszero(res) { revert(0, 0) } // safety check
sstore(add(info_slot, 1), add(version, 1)) // increment the version
return(0, 0) // return early
}
let m_injParams := add(ptr2, mload(add(ptr2, 0x40))) // mem loc injected params
let injParams_len := mload(m_injParams) // num injected params
m_injParams := add(m_injParams, 0x20) // first injected param
let m_dynParams := add(ptr2, mload(add(ptr2, 0x60))) // memory location of start of dynamic params
let dynParams_len := mload(m_dynParams) // num dynamic params
m_dynParams := add(m_dynParams, 0x20) // first dynamic param
// forward calldata to library
ptr := add(ptr, returndatasize) // shift ptr to new scratch space
mstore(ptr, mload(add(ptr2, 0x20))) // forward call with modified selector
ptr2 := add(ptr, 0x04) // copy of ptr for keeping track of injected params
mstore(ptr2, address) // inject this contract's address
mstore(add(ptr2, 0x20), caller) // inject msg.sender
let cdOffset := 0x04 // calldata offset, after signature
if gt(contractType, 1) { // if call is from another contract
calldatacopy(add(ptr2, 0x20), 0x04, 0x20) // overwrite injected CS address with msg.sender from forwarder
cdOffset := add(cdOffset, 0x40) // shift calldata offset for injected addresses
}
ptr2 := add(ptr2, 0x40) // shift ptr2 to account for injected addresses
for { let i := 0 } lt(i, injParams_len) { i := add(i, 1) } { // loop through injected params and insert
let injParam := mload(add(m_injParams, mul(i, 0x20))) // get injected param slot
mstore(ptr2, injParam) // store injected params into next slot
ptr2 := add(ptr2, 0x20) // shift ptr2 by a word for each injected
}
calldatacopy(ptr2, cdOffset, sub(calldatasize, cdOffset)) // copy calldata after injected data storage
for { let i := 0 } lt(i, dynParams_len) { i := add(i, 1) } { // loop through params and update dynamic param locations
let idx := mload(add(m_dynParams, mul(i, 0x20))) // get dynParam index in parameters
let loc := add(ptr2, mul(idx, 0x20)) // get location in memory of dynParam
mstore(loc, add(mload(loc), mul(add(injParams_len, 2), 0x20))) // shift dynParam location by num injected
}
let size := add(0x04, sub(calldatasize, cdOffset)) // calldatasize minus injected
size := add(size, mul(add(injParams_len, 2), 0x20)) // add size of injected
res := delegatecall(gas, libAddress, ptr, size, 0, 0) // delegatecall to library
if iszero(res) { revert(0, 0) } // safety check
returndatacopy(ptr, 0, returndatasize) // copy return data into ptr for returning
return(ptr, returndatasize) // return forwarded call returndata
}
}
/// @dev Gets Information about the Platform
/// @return Info Struct that contains system, version, token, and owner
function getInfo() public view returns (ContractStorage.Info memory) {
return info;
}
/// @dev Sets the owner of the platform
/// @param newOwner New owner address
function setOwner(address newOwner) external {
require(msg.sender == info.owner, "Must be current owner");
require(newOwner != address(0));
info.owner = newOwner;
}
}
interface IContractStorage {
}
library LibContractStorage {
}
| 30,976 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13760238
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,012 |
Stack Exchange
|
cowls, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1878890, https://stackoverflow.com/users/992151, shajis001
|
English
|
Spoken
| 201 | 384 |
How can i use Like in cake php
i want the alternative cakephp code for the above query
Select * from book where title like '%java%;
$b = $this->Book->find('all',array ('condition'=> array ('Book.title LIKE' =>$a))); am using this one but it does not giving the search answer
make sure $a includes the % symbols. if you echo it it should be %java%. Otherwise youll need to put them in the array manually
$c = '%'.$a.'%'; now it will working while print_r($c); output %java%
It should work with $c instead of $a then in the find query
$b = $this->Book->find('all',array ('condition'=> array ('Book.title LIKE' =>$c))); now am getting all fields in view instead of java am getting c c# cobol every thing
change condition to conditions
OK, assuming you are using a find() query.
You can specify the conditions array as follows:
"conditions" => array("Book.title like" => "%java%")
or
"conditions" => array("Book.title like '%java%'")
I think both will work
technically it should be Book.title, but it will probably work either way as you only have one model.
Docu complex find conditions
$this->Post->find('first', array (
"Author.name" => "Bob",
"OR" => array (
"Post.title LIKE" => "%magic%",
"Post.created >" => date('Y-m-d', strtotime("-2 weeks"))
)
));
| 9,334 |
https://github.com/leafsand/TeamTalk/blob/master/ios/IOSDuoduo/VC/OpenSourcePRViewController.h
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,022 |
TeamTalk
|
leafsand
|
C
|
Code
| 30 | 106 |
//
// OpenSourcePRViewController.h
// TeamTalk
//
// Created by 独嘉 on 14-10-22.
// Copyright (c) 2014年 dujia. All rights reserved.
//
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface OpenSourcePRViewController : UIViewController<UIWebViewDelegate>
@property(copy)NSString *urlString;
@end
| 46,180 |
bpt6k9798044n_3
|
French-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,953 |
Journal officiel de la République française. Avis et rapports du Conseil économique
|
None
|
French
|
Spoken
| 7,952 | 13,386 |
Dans d'autres cas et, en particulier, celui de la France, qui 'est devenu critique depuis Î952, nous avons obtenu des Américains qu'ils virent une partie de l'aide Marshall applicable à la couverture de notre déficit dollar, à la couverture de notre déficit européen, mais, en ce cas, le principe du solde cumulatif ne s'applique pas. Le déficit couvert par un don est considéré comme n'ayant pas existé, en telle sorte que l'obligation morale (ou matérielle) résultant pour le débiteur de l'aide américaine est au profit immédiat des créditeurs, sans réciprocité ou possibilité de récupération éventuelle par le débiteur. D. — Corrélativement, s'agissant du problème du fonds de roulement de l'Union européenne des paiements, le capital d'origine ou ressources existantes s'est révélé insuffisant pour l'exécution des engagements de payement en or, selon certaines « constellations » des positions des pays créditeurs et débiteurs i(cas de la Belgique en 1952). Or, ce vice structurel a été corrigé par les versements ultérieurs de dollars américains pour régler, ainsi que nous venons de l'expliquer, les soldes mensuels que les débiteurs étaient incapables de couvrir. Comme ces dollars ne sont pas astreints à la restitution découlant du principe cumulatif, ils équivalent à un accroissement du fonds de roulement de l'Union européenne des paiements, auquel les seuls débiteurs ont, en fin de compte, contribué. Ceci revient à dire qu'il serait logique de prévoir, à défaut d'une pénalisation de l'accroissement des soldes créditeurs cumulatifs, que les excédents au delà d'un certain plafond des recouvrements sur l'Union européenne des paiements devraient être représentés par le dépôt en compte des « dollars » acquis par les créditeurs. Constatant que, si l'on peut trouver satisfaction dans le fait qu'au 30 juin 1952, pour 96 p. 100 du montant total, les prêts consentis par l'Union n'avaient pas été en suspens pendant plus de neuf mois (ceci est d'autant plus remarquable qu'en vertu du principe cumulatif, les remboursements portent sur les crédits les plus récents et non sur les plus anciens), 21,8 p. 100 des prêts reçus par l'Union étaient en suspens depuis plus de neuf mois et s inquiétant du fait que des pays pauvres, comme l'Italie, soient ainsi amenés à consentir indirectement des crédits à long terme à des pays riches, comme l'Angleterre. Prenant acte enfin que, grâce à l'Union européenne des paiements, le montant des dettes et des créances compensées a été beaucoup plus élevé qu'avec le système antérieur de compensation bilatérale, que la libération des échanges a fait de notables progrès et que les échanges intra-curopécns se sont largement développés. Mais déplorant qu'un certain nombre' de pays n'aient pu tenir leurs engagements en matière de libération des échanges et que la France ait été, par répercussion, entraînée dans cette voie (1) ; Considérant qu'une politique de développement des exportations françaises est indispensable, mais constitue une œuvre de longue haleine ; Considérant qu'un tel objectif, qui conditionne le rétablissement de la position française à l'U. E. P., ne peut être que le fait d'un plan énergique de redressement économique intérieur; Considérant, par ailleurs, qu'il serait contraire au but recherché par ses créateurs, .de transformer l'U. E. P. en un établissement bancaire supra-national; Considérant cependant que, sans enlever à cet organisme le rôle d'office de compensation, qui doit rester exclusivement le sien, des assouplissements peuvent être apportés à ses conditions de fonctionnement, afin de lui permettre die remplir pleinement et efficacement sa mission » (2) ; Emet l'avis (3) :. I. — Que les quotas soient relevés. Fixés, à l'origine, à 15 p. 100 du volume des transactions visibles et invisibles de chaque pays avec les autres pays membres, ils doivent être majorés au minimum de 70, p. 100, pour tenir compte de l'accroissement du mouvement des affaires et de la hausse des prix. II. — Que les crédits consentis à l'U. E. P. par les titulaires de soldes cumulatifs créditeurs soient rend'us mobilisables : a) Par l'aide du Fonds monétaire international; b) Par 'novation, sous certaines conditions, en « comptes convertibles », susceptibles d'être utilisés pour financer des déficits d,e la balance des payements hors de l'aire de l'U. E. P.; III. — Que les prêts consentis par l'U. E. P. aux titulaires de soldes cumulatifs débiteurs soient susceptibles d'être apures, par consolidation sur le marché international, à la demande et sous l'engagement du débiteur. IV. Que les règlements en or et en dollars de l'U. E. P. puissent être remplacés par des ouvertures de « comptes convertibles l'or ou les dollars restant en dépôt à l'U. E. P. ; Que cette substitution soit obligatoire au delà d'un certain plafond des règlements exigibles de l'U. E. P. en or ou en dollars, à l'exception des récupérations, à raison du principe des soldes cumulatifs. V. — Qu'à cet effet et en vue d'aider le relèvèment de certains pays, un fonds spécial d'assistance ou de réserve soit créé à l'U. E. P. VI. — Que l'U. E. P. soit ouverte comme simple office de compensation, à l'exclusion de toute application du principe cumulatif, à tous les pays ne faisant pas partie de l'aire dollar, afin de pouvoir ainsi assainir certaines positions débiteurs des membres de l'U. E. P. par l'imputation directe de soldes créditeurs en monnaies valables provenant de la compensation avec les pays non membres. (1) Ce texte résulte de l'adoption par 122 voix contre 15 et 3 abstentions, d'un amendement présenté par le groupe de l'agriculture. (Voir résultat du scrutin n° 2 en annexe, page 656). Au préalable, par 84 voix contre 51 et 6 abstentions, avait été repoussé un amendement présenté par le 'groupe des travailleurs C. G. T. Cet amendement était ainsi rédigé : « Déplorant que la France,en sa qualité de débiteur extrême, soit actuellement obligée de régler la totalité de son déficit à l'U. E. P. en or et en dollars, ce qu'elle ne peut faire que grâce aux différentes formes d'aide américaine et principalement aux commandes « off shore ». Que cette situation confère à son commerce extérieur un caractère d'instabilité et de précarité indiscutable » (Voir résultat du scrutin no 1 en annexe, page 656). (2) Ces trois considérants résultent de l'adoption par 119 voix contre 15 et 6 abstentions d'un amendement présenté par le groupe des travailleurs C. G. T.-F. 0. et destiné à remplacer le texte de la commission qui invitait le Conseil à se prononcer contre tout « raidissement » de l'U. E. P. (Voir résultat du scrutin no 3 en annexe, page 657). (3) L'ensemble de l'avis a été adopté par 131 voix contre 0 et 15 abstentions. (Voir résultat du scrutin n° i en annexe, page 657). VII. — Que les pouvoirs du comité directeur de l'U. E. P. soient étendus, en telle sorte que l'U. E. P. puisse accorder des conditions exceptionnelles de règlement, en contrepartie de réformes ou d'une politique tendant à résorber la position difficile de certains débiteurs et aussi bien conclure telles transactions avec les créditeurs extrêmes, soit en matière de règlements, soit en matière d'intégration de leurs échanges dans le développement du marché européen. VIII. — Qu'il soit mis en œuvre, en coordination avec l'Union européenne de paiements, un conseil politique européen dè consolidation et d'investissement, susceptible d'aider l'ellort interne indispensable que les pays débiteurs habituels doivent faire pour mettre en ordre leur économie et leurs finances (1). (1) L'adoption de ce paragraphe de l'avis a donné lieu à un vote séparé à main levée. Elle a été acquise à la majorité des membres <]u Conseil présents. '' ANNEXES RESULTATS DES SCRUTINS PUBLICS SCRUTIN No 1 Sur un amendement présenté par M. Duret au nom du groupe des travailleurs C. G. T. et tendant à remplacer le texte initial par la phrase suivante: <' Déplorant que la France, en sa qualité de débiteur extrême, soit actuellement obligée de régler la totalité de son déficit à l'U. E. P. en or et en dollars, ce qu'elle ne peut faire que grâce aux différentes formes d'aide américaine, et principalement aux commandes « off shore ». Que cette situa.tion confère à son commerce extérieur un caractère d'instabilité et de précarité indiscutables. .Nombre de votants 141 Ont voté pour 51 Ont voté contre 84 Se sont abstenus ................. 6 Le Conseil économique n'a pas adopta Ont voté pour (51).. Groupe de l'agriculture: MM. Haniquaut (C. F. T. C.), Milhau, ali us (C. G. T,). Groupe de l'artisanat. — MM. André (Jean-Louis), Boulland. Canonyille, Chopin, Dallant, Lecœur, Levieux, .Ouvière, Rossicaud, Séné. Groupe des entreprises nationalisées, — MM. Le Hénafl, Verret. Groupe des sinistrés. — M. Aroudi. Groupe des travailleurs: C. F. T. C MM Bouladoux, Braun, Cade, Espéret, Levard, Liénart, Mayoud, Paillieux, Reynaud, Mlle Tribolati, MM. Vansiéleghem, Vandenbussohe, Willame. C. G. T. — MM. Bouchaud, Mme Brisset, MM. Brouard, Duret. Frlschmann, Furst, Le Brun, Le Quéré, Leroy (André), Marion, Monjauvis, Racamond, Ruiz, Groupe de l'Union française. — MM. Bellanger, Bernard, BouruetlAubertot, Delavignette, Jourdain, Monthe, N'Gom (C. G. T.), Poilay, Tidjani (C. F, T, C.). Ont voté contre (84). Groupe des activités diverses. — MM. Guillant, Montfajon. Groupe de l'agriculture. — MM. d'Andlau, Bardet, Baron, Barré, Bidau, Biset, IBonjean, Bouchard, Deleau (Jean), Denoyés, des Courtils, du Douet de Graville, Ferré, Forget, Gauthier, Génin, Gourlot (C. G. T.-F. 0.), Guellati, Jahan, Lamour, Lepicard, Lequertier, Lucas, Mangeard, Maumont, Naudin, Robin (François), Tardy, Uchard, Van / Graefschepe. Groupe des classes moyennes. — MM. Millot, Tisserand. Groupe des coopératives. — MM. Benoist, de Laulanié, Lamy, Schatz, Viaux-Cambuzat. Groupe des entreprises privées: Entreprises commerciales. — MM. Bamb-erger, Cauchois, Deleau '(Gustave), Demmerlé, Goudaert, Lacour-Gayet, Lemaire-Audoire, Paquette, Stoll, Thoumyre. -Entreprises industrielles. — MM. Auberger, Cagniard, Charvet, Desse, Du-mont, Garnier, Gingemibre, Kruger, Lafond, Mayolle, Meunier, Pisson, Trocmé, Waendendries. Groupe de la pensée française. — M. Byé, Groupe des sinistrés. — M. Barat. Groupe des travailleurs: e. G. C. — MM. Ducros, Le Ferme, Malterre, Puverel. C. G. T.-F. 0. — MM. Allègre, Beyaert, Bomal, Bothereau, Cucuel, Degris, Delamarre, Goudy, Lapeyre, Pagliano, Peeters, Richard. C. T. Intell. — M. Wolff. Groupe de l'Union française. — Bicheron (C. G. C.), Sar (Co G. T.-F. 0.). Se sont abstenus (6). Groupe des activités diverses. — M. Colleville. Groupe de la pensée française. — MM. Caujolle, Dumontier, May, Sauvy, Soulla. SCRUTIN N° 2 Sur un amendement présenté par le groupe de l'agriculture tendant à modifier le texte initial de la façon suivante: « Déplorant qu'un certain nombre de pays n'aient pu tenir leurs engagements en matière de libération des échanges et que la France ait été, par répercussion, entraînée dans cette voie ». Nombre de votants.... 140 Ont voté pour.... 122. Ont voté contre..... 15 Se sont abstenus ...........1....... 3 Le Conseil économique a adopté. Ont voté pour (122). Groupe des activités diverses. — MM. Colleville, Guillant, Montfajon. Groupe de l'agriculture. — MM. d'Andlau, Barbet, Baron, Barré, Bidau, Biset, Bonjean, Bouchard, Deleau (Jean), Denoyés, des Courtils, du Douet de Graville, Ferré, Forget, Gauthier, Génin, Gourlot (C. G. T.-F. 0.), Guellati, Haniquaut (C. F. T. C.), Jahan, Lamour, Lepicard, Lequertier, Lucas, IMangeard, lMaumont, Milhau, Naudin, Robin (François), Tardy, Uchard, Van Graefschepe. Groupe de l'artisanat. —MM. André (Jean-Louis), Boulland, Canon-ville, Chopin, Dallant, Lecœur, Levieux, Ouvière, Ressicaud, Séné. Groupe des classes moyennes. — M. Millot. Groupe des coopératives. MM. Benoist, de Laulanié, Lamy, Schatz, Viaux-Cambuzat. Groupe des entreprises nationalisées, — MM. Bour, Le Ilénaff, Verret. Groupe des entreprises privées: Entreprises commerciales. MM. Bamberger, Cauchois, Deleau (Gustave), Demmerlé, Goudaert, Lacour-Gayet, Lemaire-Audoue, Paquette, Stoll, Thoumyre. Entreprises industrielles. — MM. Auberger, Cagniard, Charvet, Desse, Dumont, Garnier, Gingembre, Kruger, Lafond, Mayolle, Meunier, Pisson, Trocmé, Waendendries. . Groupe de la pensée française. — M. Byé, May, Sauvy. Groupe des sinistrés. — MM. Aroud, Barat. Groupe des travailleurs: C. — MM. Ducros, Le Ferme, Malterre, Puverel, C. F. T. C. — IMM. Bouladoux, Braun, Cade, Espéret, Levard, Liénart, Mayoud, Paillieux, Reynaud, Mlle Tribolati, MM. Vansieleghem, Vandenbussche, Willame. C. G T.-F. 0. — MM. Allègre, Beyaert, Bomal, Bothereau, Cucuel, Degris,' Delamarre, Goudy, Lapeyre, Pagliano, Peeters, Richard. C. T. intell. — M. Wolff. Groupe de l'Union française. — MM. Bellanger, Bernard, Bicheron (C. G. C.), Bouruet-Aubertot, Delavignette, Jourdain, Poilay, Sar (C. G. T.-F. 0.), Tidjani (C. F. T. C.). Ont voté contre (15). Groupe de l'agriculture. — M. Rius (C. G. T.). Groupe des travailleurs : C G. T. — M Bouchaud, Mme Brisset, M'M. Brouard, Duret, Frischmann, Furst, Le Brun, Le Quéré, Leroy .(André), Marion, Monjauvis, Racamond, Ruiz. Groupe de l'Union française. — M. N'Gom (C. G. T.). Se sont abstenus (3). Groupe de la pensée française. — MM. Caujolle, Dumontier, Soula. SCRUTIN No 3 Sur un amendement présenté par le groupe des travailleurs C. G. T.-F. 0. et tendant à remplacer la phrase « se p-rononcer contre tout raidissement de l'U. E. P... » par le texte suivant: a Considérant qu'un tel objectif-, qui conditionne le rétablissement de la position française à l'U. E. P., ne peut être que le fait d'un plan énergique de redressement économique intérieur, « Considérant, par ailleurs, qu'il serait contraire au but recherché par ses créateurs, de transformer l'U. E. P. en un établissement bancaire supranational; « Considérant cependant que, sans enlever à cet organisme le rôle d'office de compensation qui doit rester exclusivement le sien, des assouplissements peuvent être apportés à ses conditions de fonctionnement afin de lui permettre de remplir pleinement et efficacement sa mission. » Nombre de votants . 140 Ont voté pour 119 Ont voté contre 15 Se sont abstenus ........... 6 Le Conseil économique a adopté. Ont voté pour (119). Groupe des activités diverses. — MM. Colleville, Guillant, Montlajon. " Groupe de l'agriculture. — MM. d'Andlau, Bardet, Baron, Barré, Bidau, Biset, Bonjean, Bouchard, Deleau (Jean), Denoyés, des Courtils, du Douet de Gra ville, Ferré, Forget, Gauthier, Génin, Gourlot (C. G. T.-F. 0.), Guellati, Haniquaut (C. F. T. C.), Jahan, Lamour, Lepicard, Lequertier, (Lucas, Mangeard, Maumont, Milhau, Naudin, Robin (François), Tardy, Uchard, Van Graeîschepe. Groupe de l'artisanat. — MM. André (Jean-Louis), Boulland, Canon-ville, Chopin, Dallant, Lecœur, Levieux, Ouvière, Ressigaud, Séné. * Groupe des classes moyennes. — MM. Millot, Tisserand. Groupe des coopératives. — MM. Benois.t, de Laulanié, Lamy, Echatz, Viaux-Cambuzat. Groupe des entreprises nationalisées. — MM. Le Hénaff, Verret. Groupe des entreprises privées : Entreprises commerciales. — MM. Bamberger, Cauchois, Deleau (Gustave), Demmerlé, Goudaert, Lacour-Gayet, Lemaire-Audoire, Paquette, Stoll, Thoumyre. Entreprises industrielles. — MM. Auberger, Cagniard, Charvet, Oesse, Dumont, Garnier, Gingembre, Kruger, Lafond, Mayolle, Meunier, Pisson, Trocmé, Waendendries. Groupe de la pensée française. — MM. Byé, Caujolle, May, Sauvy, Soula. :Groupe des sinistrés. — MM. Aroud, Barat. Groupe des travailleurs : C. G. C. — MM. Ducros, Le Ferme, Malterre, Puverel. C. F. T. C. — MM. Bouladoux, Braun, Cade, Espéret, Levard, Lié. hart, Mayoud. Paillieux, Reynaud, Mlle Tribolati, MM. Vansieleghem, Vandenbussche, Willame. C. G. T.-F. O. — MM. Allègre. Beyaert, Bomal, Bothereau, Cucuel, fregris, Delamarre, Goudy, Lapeyre. Pagliano, Peeters, Richard. C. T. In tell. — M. Wolff. Groupe de l'Union française. — MM. Bicheron ('C. G. C.), Monthé, Sar (C. G. T.-F. 0.), Tidjani (C. F. T. C.). Ont voté contre (15), Groupe de l'agriculture. — M. Rius (C.. G. T.). Groupe des travailleurs: C. G. T. — M. Bouchaud, Mme Brisset, MM. Brouard. Duret, Friscihnann, Furst, Le Brun, Le Qùéré, Leroy (Andre), Manon, Monjauvis, îacamond, Ruiz. Groupe de l'Union française. — M. N'Gom (C. G. T.)i Se sont abstenus (6). Groupe de la pensée française. — M. Dumontier. Groupe de l'Union française. — M.M. Bellanger, Bouruet-Aubertot, )elavignette, Jourdain, Poilay. SCRUTIN No 4 Sur l'ensemble de l'avis concernant l'étude relative aux principes, à l'organisation, au fonctionnement et à une réforme éventuelle ' de l'Union européenne de payements. Nombre des votants 149 Ont voté pour * 134 Ont voté contre 0 Se sont abstenus ................ 15 Le Conseil économique a adopté. Ont voté pour (134). Groupe dos activités diverses. — MM. Colleville, Compeyrot, Guillant, Montfajon. Groupe de l'agriculture. — MM. d'Andlau, Bardet, Baron, Barré, Bidau, Biset, Bonjean, Bouchard, Deleau (Jean), Denoyés, des Courtils, du Douet de Graville, Ferré, Forget, Gauthier, Génin, Gourlot (C. G. T.-F. 0.), Guellati, Haniquaut (C. F. T. C.), Jahan, Lamour, Lepicard, Lequertier, Lucas Mangeard, Maumont, Milhau, Naudin, Robin (François), Tardy, Uchard, Van Graefschepe. Groupe de l'artisanat. — MM. André (Jean-Louis), Boulland, Canon-ville, Chopin, Dallant, Lecœur, Levieux, Ouvière, Ressicaud, Séné: Groupe des associations familiales. — MM. Dary, Houist, Leroy (Louis), Mabit, Noddings, Parquet, Mme Picard. Groupe des classes moyennes. — MM. Millot, Tisserand. Groupe des coopératives. — MM. Benoist, de Laulanié, Lamy, Schatz, Viaux-Catnbuzat. Groupe des entreprises nationalisées. — MM. Bour, Le IIénaff, Verret. Groupe des entreprises privées: Entreprises commerciales. — MM. Bamberger, Cauchois, Deleau (Gustave), Demmerlé, Goudaert, Lacour-Gayet, Lemaire-Audoire, Paquette, Stoll, Thoumyre.. Entreprises industrielles. — MM. Auberger, Cagniard, Charvet, Desse, Dumont, Garni-er, Gingembre, Kruger, Lafond, Mayolle, Meunier, Pisson, Trocmé, Waendendries. Groupe de la pensée française. — MM. Byé, Caujolle, Dumontier, May, Sauvy, Soula. Groupe des sinistrés. — MM. Aroud, Barat. Groupe des travailleurs: C. G. T. — MM. Ducros, Le Ferme, Malterre, Puverel. C. F. T. C. — MM. Bouladoux, Braun, Cade, Espéret, Levard, Lié-hart, Mayoud, PailHeux, Reynaud, Mlle Tribolati, MM. Vansieleghem, Vandenbussche, Willame. C. G. T.-F. 0. — MM. Allègre, lBeyaert, Bomal, Bothereau, Cucuel, Degris, Delamarre, Goudy, La'peyre, Pagliano, Peeters, Richard. C. T. Intell. — M. Wolff. Gr-oupe de l'Union française. — MM. Bellanger, Bernard, Bicheron (C. G. C.), Bouruet-Aubertot, Delavignette, Jourdain, Monthé, Poilay, Sar (Ct G, T.-F, 0.), Tidjani (C. F. T. C.).. Se sont abstenus (15). Groupe de l'agriculture. — M. Rius (C. G. T.). Groupe des travailleurs: C. G. T. — M. Bouchaud, Mme Brisset, MM. Brouard, Duret, Frischmann, Furst, Le Brun, Le Quéré, Leroy (André), Marion; Monjauvis, Racamond, Ruiz, Groupe de l'Union française. — M. N'Gom (CG T.). COORDINATION AIR-MER (Question dont le Conseil économique s'est saisi, en application des articles lor, et 2 de sa loi organique dit 20 mars 1951 et de l'article 27 de s on règlement intérieur.) Rapport présenté, au nom du Conseil économique, par M. Georges Le Hénaff. SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION. I. — Inventaire des deux moyens de transport en présence. L'activité des transports maritimes et aériens. Les flottes. Conclusion de l'inventaire. U. — Les problèmes de la coordination. Conditions et buts de la coordination. Problème de la participation des compagnies maritimes dans les entreprises aériennes: A l'étranger. En France. Etude du problème par la commission. Problème des tarifs. Les prix de revient. CONCLUSION. Le bureau du Conseil économique a-vait saisi la commission des transports, des postes, télégraphes et téléphones et du tourisme, le 31 juillet 1951, d'une vaste étude sur l'ensemble des problèmes de coordination des transports. La commission s'est mise immédiatement à l'étude des textes 'déposés, en vue d'une coordination fer-route, sur lesquels l'assemblée plénière a adopté un rapport, en décembre 1951. A la suite de ce rapport, et toujours dans le cadre fixé par le ibureau, la commission, lorsqu'elle a fixé l'ordre d'urgence de' ses travaux au cours de sa première réunion dé l'année, a estimé que la concurrence anarchique qui règne entre les transports maritimes et les transports aériens rendait nécessaire et urgente une étude des problèmes de coordination air-mer. 'Ayant reçu l'approbation du bureau et de l'assemblée plé-' nière du Conseil économique, la commission a désigné un groupe de travail, chargé de procéder aux premières recherches. Le groupe de travail, composé de MM. Le Hénafï, président; Bouchaud, Degris, Desse, Forget, Lapeyre, Montfajon, membres de la commission et de trois membres du Conseil économique sollicités, en raison de leur compétence : MM. Paul Bernard, Héreil, Potier de la Morandière, a commencé immédiatement son étude et, après une première réunion consacrée à l'élaboration de son plan de travail, a entendu certaines personnalités intéressées par ces problèmes et les plus qualifiées pour leur apporter des informations utiles. C'est ainsi qu'ont été entendus: En ce qui concerne, les transports maritimes, M. Courau, secrétaire général à la marine marchande; M. Lanier, directeur secrétaire général de la Compagnie générale transatlantique; MM. Vidal, secrétaire général de la compagnie maritime des .Chargeurs réunis, 'et Pommery, directeur de la compagnie des Chargeurs réunis; M. Anduze-Faris, président de la Compagnie des messageries maritimes; M. Chardon, président du comité de coordination aéromaritime; M. Fraissinet, président des compagnies de navigation Fraissinet et Paquet. Pour les transports aériens: M. Max Hymans, président de la 'compagnie Air France, et M. Lignel, président de la société Air Algérie, MM. Klein et Bisone, directeur général et directeur administratif de la compagnie Aigle Azur; M. Paul Bernard, président du syndicat national des transporteurs aériens; M. Cordesse, président de l'union des chambres de commerce aéronautiques; MM. Couhé et Lesieux, président et directeur général de l'aéroport de Paris; M. Bouche, directeur général de l'institut français de transport aérien et représentant de la France à l'O. A. C. I. et enfin, M. Lemaire, secrétaire général à l'aviation civile et commerciale. Après avoir défini le cadre de son étude et précisé qu'elle porterait principalement sur les transports de passagers, pour lesquels la concurrence entre les transports maritimes etis aériens est la plus sensible, le groupe de travail s'est efforcé è: d'avoir une vue précise de l'activité passée et présente des deux modes de transport, ainsi que de leurs projets d'avenirii et a tenté de faire un inventaire des moyens en présence, en ce qui concerne les flottes maritimes et aériennes. Il s'est également préoccupé des questions financières, donUi L'importance ne lui a pas échappé et a abordé le problème des tarifs, des prix de revient, des subventions et enfin des parti--j. cipations maritimes dans les sociétés de transport aérien. A la suite de ce tour d'horizon, le groupe de travail a pu ses-rendre compte de la façon dont se présente le protblème de lad coordination air-mer, dans l'état actuel des choses. Il aurait cependant vivement désiré connaître la suite réservéee'' au projet de loi portant statut de l'aviation civile avant desl terminer son étude, mais, devant le retard apporté au votes! de ce projet par l'Assemblée nationale et dans l'incertitude de^l la date à. laquelle il serait susceptible d'être voté, le groupe de travail, approuvé par la commission, a pensé qu'il était préfé rable de ne pas attendre plus longtemps et qu'il convenait de soutenir ce rapport devant l'assemblée plénière du Conseil avant les vacances. Le développement rapide de l'aviation marchande, conséquence des progrès techniques considérables réalisés dans lad construction aéronautique, pose d'importants problèmes de coordination en matière de transports intercontinentaux et internationaux. Sans doute, l'avion, en raison de ses possibilités, a-t-il créée une clientèle qui lui est propre, une clientèle nouvelle; on enne trouve d'ailleurs la preuve dans le fait que le nombre des passa-r gers empruntant la voie maritime ne semble pas avoir baissée par rapport à l'avant-guerre; alors que le trafic aérien de voyageurs va sans cesse en croissant et représente, pour certaines lignes, une part importante de l'ensemble du trafic air-mer, souvent le tiers de cet ensemble (et même la moitié, pour lesEo relations entre Paris et le Maroc). Il n'en demeure pas moins que le développement du trasion aérien, qui n'est pas terminé, pose des problèmes de diversri ordres : Problème financier, pour le renouvellement du matérielsi aérien qui s'use ou se démode très vite et doit être rapidement amorti, ce qui demande des -ressources financières toujours plus considérables, les progrès de la technique tendant à compliquer les appareils et à les faire plus coûteux : Un DC 4 valait, en 1948, environ 500.000 dollars. Un DC 6B vaut actuellement 1.300.000 dollars. Un super Constellation, 1.600.000 dollars. Un Cornet, 450.000 livres. Un problème également de concurrence avec l'étranger. C'est en effet, l'une des caractéristiques essentielles du transport aérien, que d'avoir un caractère international: la compétition n'existe pas seulement entre entreprises d'un même pays mais entre compagnies de pays différents. D'autre part, la marine marchande, dont la flotte s'amorti beaucoup plus lentement, doit essayer de voir loin. Un paque-ai bot du type Flandres, utilisé sur les lignes d'Amérique du Nord, revient à 8,5 à 9 milliards et s'amortit sur 25 à 30 ans-.n environ ; un paquebot type Bretagne utilisé sur l'Amérique du Sud vaut 5 milliards à 5* milliards 5. Il ne saurait être questions d'engager des dépenses aussi considérables — chaque ? unité maritime valant bien plus qu'une unité aérienne et s 'amor tissant sur un temps plus long — sans avoir un minimum de précisions sur les possibilités de ce transport, dans les années à venir. _. Or, quel que soit le développement ultérieur dé l aviation,m l'accroissement annuel de celle-ci se ralentira et on évoluera r vers une relative stabilisation. La concurrence air-mer se fera alors beaucoup plus âpre. Il est donc indispensable, dès maintenant, de prendre les mesures nécessaires pour que l'avenir de nos transports înter-io nationaux — où, encore une fois, la concurrence étrangère se fait directement sentir — se présente dans les meilleures conditions. Les différents essais de coordination tentés jusqu'ici furent louables en soi, mais ils se trouvaient voués à l'échec, du fait même que l'exploitation des relations communes aux deux moyens de transport s'effectuait dans des conditions antiéconomiques. Prise à une époque où l'aviation marchande cherchait sa voie, une telle coordination n'aurait probablement pas d'ailleurs répondu de façon satisfaisante à la conjoncture actuelle et aurait accru les difficultés. Sans que l'on puisse dire qu'il est permis, en raison de l'évolution constante de l'aviation marchande, de trouver une solution définitive, au problème de la coordination, celui-ci doit maintenant être abordé. La question a été posée, et très récemment, dans les milieux des transports intéressés; un certain nombre d'accords conclus entre des entreprises appartenant à ces deux catégories de transports ont même fait entrer la question dans la voie des réalisations. Le problème, se trouve d'ailleurs simplifié par les efforts réalises et la politique de concentration des moyens mis en œuvre depuis la libération. Un bref inventaire de la situation actuelle nous donnera une vue générale de l'activité des deux modes de transport, ainsi que des deux flottes en présence. 1. — L'activité des transports maritimes. Les statistiques indiquent que sont entrés en France ou sortis de France, sur bateaux battant: Pavillon français. Sous tous pavillons. En 1938 . 000.000 passagers. 2.300.000 En 1950 ............ 1.200.000 — 2.800.000 En 1951 1.400.000 — 3.200.000 En 1952 ............. 1.635.000 — 3.064.000 Sur les 1.635.000 passagers transportés en 1952 soùs pavillon français, la part des compagnies conventionnées est de 710.000 passagers pour la Compagnie générale transatlantique, et près de 100.000 pour les Messageries maritimes. Les chiffres du tableau ci-dessus montrent bien que, malgré le développement de l'aviation, le trafic maritime, loin de diminuer, s'est, au contraire, sensiblement accru. Il est indispensable, ceipendant, pour se faire une vue exacte de l'évolution actuelle et à venir du trafic maritime, de Je comparer, dans son ensemble et sur certaines lignes, au trafic aérien. Au total, ont éié transportés : En 1938: par mer, 2.300.000. En 1951 : par mer, 3.200.000; par air, 1.456.884. En 1952: par mer, 3.064.000; par air, 1.659.000. Des Etats-Unis et du Canada, ont été transportés sous tous pavillons : En 1938: 118.000 passagers presque totalement par mer. En 1948: 119.000 passagers, dont 73 IP. 100 par mer. En 1949. 179.000 passagers, dont 76 p. 100 par mer. En 1950: 224.000 passagers, dont 78 p. 100 par mer. En 1951: 231.000 passagers, dont 72 p. 100 par mer. En 1952 : 291.000 passagers, dont 68 p. 100 par mer. Sous pavillon français, les proportions des passagers transportés par Air France et par la Compagnie générale transatlantique restent sensiblement les mêmes : En 1938: 45.000 passagers.' En 1948: 32.000 passagers, dont 47 p. 100 de passagers maritimes. En 1949 : 54.000 passagers, dont 58 p. 100 de passagers maritimes Et 1950: passagers, dont 67 p. 100 de passagers maritimes. passagers, dont 73 p. 100 de passagers maritimes passagers, dont 65 p. 100 de passagers mari Trafic vers la Grande-Bretagne. L évolution sur cette traversée plus courte est différente : En j938, le parcours fut effectué par 1.870.000 passagers, dont 9b p. 100 par mer. 1948, le nombre des passagers fut plus faible et 88 p. 100 empruntèrent la voie maritime. ~ En 1949 et 1950, près de 2 millions de passagers furent transportés, le pourcentage qui revient à la mer étant de 86 p. 100 en 1949, de 83 p. 100 en 1950, de 79 p. 100 en 1951j et de 74 p. 100 en 1952. On constate une légère diminution en poureentage mais, l'accroissement du nombre des voyageurs étant sensible, le nombre des passagers maritimes demeure à peu près constant. Sur les lignes d'Amériqu,e du Sud, on retrouve les mêmes tendances que vers l'Amérique du Nord. En 1938, sur 28.000 passagers, 74 p. 100 furent transportés par voie maritime. En 19'49, sur un chiffre de 28.000 également, 78 p. 100 reviennent aux transports maritimes. En 1950, ce pourcentage s'élève à 79 p. 100. En 1951, pour 30.000 passagers, 68 p. 100 furent transportés par voie maritime. En 1952, sur 28.000 passagers, 68 p. 100 également furent transportés par voie maritime. Vers l'Afrique du Nord, on compte: En 1938 : 658.000 passagers (97 p. 100 par mer). En 1948: .876.000 passagers (70 p. 100 par mer). En 1949: 1.054.000 passagers (68 p. 100 par mer). En 1950: 1.055.000 passagers (66 p. 100 par mer). En 1951: 1.235.000 passagers (66 p. 100 par, mer). En 1952: 1.352.000 passagers (68 p. 100 par'mer). Si l'on considère séparément le trafic de l'Algérie, de la " Tunisie et du Maroc, on constate que, sur l'Algérie et la Tunisie, 70 p. 100 des voyageurs empruntent la voie maritime alors que, sur le Maroc, 50 p. 100 seulement des voyageurs choisissent le bateau. Sur les côtes d'Afrique, le nombre total des passagers est passé de 54.000 au total, en 1948, à 9"2.000, en 1950, dont plus de 60. p. 100 par voie maritime. En 19'51, sur 104.000 passagers, 56 p. 100 ont été transportés par voie maritime. Et en 1952, sur 114.000 passagers, 52 p. 100 l'ont été aussi. Vers l'Extrême-Orient: En 1938, sur 31.000 passagers voyageant sous pavillon français, 30.000 empruntèrent la voie maritime. En 1960, sur 54.000, il y en eut 35.000. En 1951, sur 95.000 passagers, le pourcentage est de 32 p. 100. En 1952, sur 90.000 passagers, le pourcentage est de 30 p. 100. Dans cette zone, les chiffres ne sont pas absolument probants, en raison de. l'incidence de la guerre d'Indochine sur le transport des passagers. Sur l'océan Indien: En 1938, sur 14.500 passagers, 13.500 voyagèrent par mer. En 1950, ces chiffres furent portés à 25.000 au total, dont 10.000 par mer. En 1951, le pourcentage est de 26 p. 100. En 1952, le pourcentage est de 23 p. 100. D'une façon générale, on constate donc, sur tous les trafics, une augmentation très importante du nombre total des passagers et on peut estimer que le nombre total des passagers maritimes sur ces relations se situe encore actuellement à 50 p. 100 du total a.u minimum et, dans l'ensemble, entre 66 et 75 p. 100. Le rendement actuel des bateaux est nettement supérieur à celui d'avant guerre; en effet, la flotte est moins disparate, la .vitesse de rotation sur les lignes régulières est accrue et les bateaux sont également mieux remplis. Sur l'Atlantique Nord, le coefficient de remplissage, qui était de 50 p. 100 avant la guerre, s'élevait, en 1951, à 72 p. 100. Vers l'Amérique du Sud, il était, en 1951, de 46 p. 100 et vers l'Afrique occidentale française et l'Afrique équatoriale française, il s élevait à. 83 p. 100, au départ de Marseille, et à 50 p. 100, au départ de Bordeaux. Cet accroissement est dû, bien entendu, aux déplacements humains beaucoup plus importants qui se sont effectués entre les continents depuis les dernières années, par suite d'une tendance généralisée à bénéficier des avantages des contacts directs pour traiter les affaires et à l'accroissement considérable du nombre des touristes venant visiter notre pays. Toute la question est de savoir si cette évolution se maintiendra ou s'accroitra et si le paquebot continuera à bénéficier dans l'avenir des mêmes conditions et du même pourcentage du marché des nassaeers. 2. — L'activité des transports aériens. Le problème se présente d'une façon toute différente de celui de la marine marchande, puisque les transports aériens étaient pratiquement inexistants avant la guerre. Les quelques compagnies privées existant avant la guerre n'ont transporté, en 1938, qu'un nombre de passagers relativement restreint: Air Afrique, 4.600 -passagers (soit 4.950.000 km). Aéro-Maritime, 1.150 passagers (soit 2.440.000 km). Soit un total de 5.750 passagers (soit un total de 7.390.000 passagers/km). Dès 1947, l'activité de l'aviation civile a connu un essor nouveau. Pour les compagnies privées, le nombre des passagers voyageant sous pavillon français est passé : De 125.100 passagers en 1947 à 322.900 passagers en 1950, à 468.000 passagers en 1951, à 490.000 passagers en 1952; Soit : 108.080.000 passagers/km en 1947, 478.541.000 passagers /km en 1950, 559 millions de passagers/km en 1951 et 604 millions de passagers/km en 1952. La compagnie Air-France, pendant la même période, a suivi une progression encore plus sensible. ^ Le nombre de passagers qu'elle a transportes s est elevé à : 91.000 en 1938 (soit 66.250.81.5 passagers/km). 285.000 en 1946 (soit 339.862.338 passagers/km), 410.115 en 1947 (soit 599.554.135 passagers/km). 765.000 en 1950 (soit 1.134.923.830 passagers/km). 971.000 en 1951 (soit 1.281.800.000 passagers/km). 1.076.000 en 1952 (soit 1.494.262.000 passagers/km) 3. — La flotte maritime. Le tonnage total affecté aux transports maritimes était en 1939 de 2.733.000 tonneaux, pour 3.173.000 actuellement. La répartition de ce tonnage entre les diverses catégories de navires est assez différente de celle d'avant-guerre, ainsi que " le démontre le tableau suivant: ^ / Flotte de commerce (navires de plus de 1.000 tonneaux). NAVIRES A PASSAGERS PÉTROLIERS CARGOS TOTAL ANNÉES Nombre! Jauge brute. Nombre. Jauge brute. Nombre. Jauge brute. Nombre. Jaugebrute 146 A 1 72 323.178 452 1.244.888 670 2.733.633 631 63^ 86 574.406 521 1.631.826 684 2.837.864 L1950 ................................ g 725 759 94 640.887 5i0 1.699.366 716 3.066.122 1952 1951 ................................ 82 85 725.759 '138.622 100 711 526 M1 1.723.076 726 3.173.224 Les commandes en cours qui seront toutes livrées, en principe d'ici 1954, représentent, pour les paquebots, 236.000 tonneaux, 260.000 tonneaux, pour les pétroliers et 154.000, pour les cargos. Il est intéressant de faire une évaluation approximative de ce que sera la flotte en 1954. Pour cela, il faut tenir compte des commandes nouvelles, des commandes ou achats à l'étranger et des condamnations de navires qui pourront intervenir d ici là. La tendance paraît devoir être : Augmentation importante du tonnage pétrolier (de 1 million de tonnes actuellement, le tonnage sera porté à 1,350.000 tonnes) ; Maintien du tonnage des cargos ; Diminution du tonnage des paquebots, de 120.000 tonneaux par rapport au tonnage actuel. En ce qui concerne les paquebots (qui ont intéressé plus particulièrement la commission, puisque les problèmes de coordination ne se posent pratiquement que pour les passagers), on constate que le tonnage actuel est inférieur de 400.000 tonneaux à ce qu'il était avant-guerre, c'est-à-dire de 40 p. 100, et il a plutôt tendance à décroître, malgré les constructions actuellement en cours, La formule des bateaux mixtes, cargos-paquebots, avec peu 'de cabines et une grosse capacité decales, existant sur certaines lignes, a été envisagée, mais il a été précisé, paf M. Fraissinet notamment, que ces bateaux ne pouvaient être utilisés sur toutes les lignes, l'exploitation du paquebot étant trop onéreuse pour s'accomoder de lentes opérations commerciales. Les lignes françaises d'Afrique occidentale par exemple, ne peuvent en bénéficier, car, de Dakar à Pointe-Noire, les navires devront faire escale. en de nombreux ports et rades très encombrés. La Compagnie des chargeurs réunis a signalé qu'elle _ était résolue à utiliser un type de navire moins important, qui'correspondra mieux au nombre de passagers actuels, avec plus de confort et une fréquence plus grande. Les Messageries maritimes ont pris les mêmes dispositions. Par ailleurs, M. le secrétaire général à la marine marchande a indiqué que, dans le programme d'Etat, la. préoccupation de la marine marchande a été d'éviter le suréquipement ; il est certain que l'accroissement de l'aviation, dans l'avenir, sera iplus grand que celui dè la. marine marchande, qui est une activité techniquement stabilisée; les armateurs n'ont pas envisagé un développement de leur trafic maritime de passagers, qui leur paraissait très incertain. On évalue actuellement à environ 200 milliards de francs la valeur de remplacement de la flotte, en ce qui concerne les paquebots, la valeur de remplacement de l'ensemb e d e la flotte marchande française étant évaluée à 500 milliards de francs.. 4. — La flotte aérienne. Au 1er juin 1953, la situation du matériel volant d'Air France i était la suivante : 23 Constellation, 22 DC 4 et C 54, 2 Bréguet 763, 16 Languedoc, 39 DC 3, 6 JU 52, 10 Goëland. Il faut y ; ajouter certains appareils mis par Air France à la disposition i de'filiales ou d'autres compagnies: 5 DC 4, 4 Languedoc, 3 DC 3. En outre, Air France utilise certains appareils mis t à sa disposition par le S. G. A. C. C. (10 Goéland et 4 Jutland) ou par l'aérot'echnique (2 DC3). Pour les compagnies privées, la flotte est la suivante; T. A. I.— 3 DC 4, 3 DC 6 B, 4 Armagnac. U. A. T. — 4 DC 4, 3 Cornet 1, 3 DC 3, 3 Héron. Aigle-Azur. — 5 Stratoliner, 10 DC 3, 2 Consul, 4 Dragon t rapide, 2 Beaver. C. G. T A. Air-Algérie. — 3 DC 4, 3 DC 3, Air-Maroc. — 4 Curtiss C 46, 6 SO 30 P. Air-Atlas. — 2 DC 4, 5 DC 3. Tunis-Air. — Bloch 261, 4 DC 3. Sont actuellement en cours de livraison, pour Air France: 10 Bréguet 763, 12 Viscount, 10 Super-Constellation, 3 Comet I; ; 3 Cornet II sont en cours de' commande. L'U. A. T. attend 6 Héron et va commander 3 Comet II et j 4 Comet III. 3 DC 6 sont en cours de commande par la T. A. I. Enfin, , 3 DC 6 A sont en cours de commande par Aigle-Azur. Il est difficile de donner une appréciation de la valeur de ç la flotte, les appareils anciens étant presque impossibles à évaluer. Cependant, en prenant pour base la valeur d'achat :1 des appareils en service, dans leur état actuel, on arrive, pour -i le total dela flotte aérienne, à un chiffre très approximatif 1 de 25 à 30 milliards. Les renseignements qui précèlent et les tableaux annexés, qui fixent l'activité des deux moyens de transport sur des è, relations communes, peuvent -nous permettre de mesurer l'influence du transport aérien sur le transport maritime. Une première constatation permet d'affirmer que le déve-loppement du premier a provoqué un accroissement important j du nombre des passagers, dont a bénéficié le second. Ce développement est dû, pour une grande partie, aux investissemçnts importants qui ont été consentis au développement J de la sécurité aérienne et a la rapidité du transport aérien. D'autre part, l'apparition de l'avion de 2e classe a contribue j également, pour une large part, à développer le goût. du y voyage. Mais si la sécurité aérienne est devenue telle que les geurs n'hésitent plus à utiliser l'avion pour leurs déplacements, il n'en est pas moins vrai que le confort et l'ambiance qui si régnent à bord du navire influencent encore les usageis dans t une très large mesure. Soucieux de conserver cette clientèle tentée, malgré tout, par le transport aérien, les armateurs français ont compris la nécessité de reviser les formules de construction et d'aménagement de leurs paquebots pour les placer dans des conditions plus favorables, sur le plan de la concurrence. Il n'est pas douteux qu'en prenant de telles dispositions, ils prolongeront, pendant de longues années encore, leur activité sur les relations communes. Sans doute, le transport aérien se développera encore, au détriment du transport maritime, sur certaines relations, mais il n'est pas exclu que leur coexistence s'affirmera d'une façon définitive sur des lignes déterminées. Il vient alors naturellement à l'esprit de rechercher les conditions dans lesquelles la coexistence des deux moyens de transport peut être envisagée et les dispositions qu'il convient de prendre pour associer les maritimes et les aériens dans un climat de confiance réciproque dans l'exécution de leur mission. Elles doivent plus particulièrement consister, au départ, dans le cadre d'une concurrence loyale, à sauvegarder les investissements importants qui se sont révélés indispensables au lendemain de la Libération pour assurer le renouvellement de notre flotte maritime de commerce et, par là même, l'indépendance économique de notre pays. Mais, néanmoins, une politique basée sur la seule défense des investissements engagés dans la reconstruction de la flotte, sous forme d'investissements de l'Etat, d'une part, de répara tion de dommages de guerre, d'autre part, et enfin d'aides diverses, serait génératrice de réticences économiques qui amèneraient irrémédiablement un ralentissement de l'évolution normale du transport aérien. Ce problème doit être posé sur un tout autre plan. La coordination doit faire abstraction des sujétions du passé pour régler convenablement les problèmes de l'avenir. Nous regrettons seulement que le statut de l'aviation marchande et que la charte qu'il constitue, qui devait permettre d'ordonner et de développer les activités aériennes, n'ait pas encore été voté au Parlement et ne puisse nous donner ainsi une base indiscutable pour coordonner les activités maritimes et aériennes. Le but à atteindre reste cependant le même. Il consiste à mettre un terme à une mauvaise concurrence, à mieux utiliser les moyens commerciaux déjà existants, à déterminer suivant les besoins le choix du matériel à commander et à exploiter, à réduire les charges de l'Etat, à revenir à une saine no-tion de prix de revient et à opérer un choix entre les moyens de transport pour satisfaire au mieux les besoins des usagers. Les solutions à envisager dépendent, en grande partie, du règlement du problème important posé par la participation des maritimes dans les entreprises aériennes. Ce problème a trouvé, dans les pays étrangers, des solutions diverses : Aux Etats-Unis, interdiction est faite aux transports de surface d'intervenir dans le transport aérien. Il s'agit notamment d'éviter la création de monopoles qui restreindraient la concurrence; en dehors de cet aspect général du problème, plusieurs raisons, concernant particulièrement les transports maritimes, ont été avancées: e11 premier lieu, le fait que les compagnies maritimes n'ont aucune expérience des problèmes particuliers au transport aérien; par ailleurs, le fait que les compagnies maritimes aient déjà des organisations commerciales développées a paru au C. A. B. important, mais non déterminant et confier le développement du transport aérien aux compagnies maritimes n'a pas semblé le meilleur moyen de favoriser ce développement. Enfin, il n'a pas semblé que les transporteurs maritimes risquaient d'être totalement évincés de leurs marchés, leurs recettes provenant principalement du fret, qui n'est pas menacé actuellement par le transport aérien. En Angleterre, les conservateurs avaient préconisé un système analogue à celui des pays Scandinaves, qui ne limitaient pas les participations dans le transport aérien, mais le gouvernement travailiiste a nationalisé les transports aériens, ce qui a résolu le problème (corporations et « compagnies associées » assurant des services complémentaires). Au Canada, existent deux grandes compagnies aériennes, l une nationalisée, la Trans-Canada Airlines, et fonctionnant comme « instrument choisi » du gouvernement, l'autre privée, la Canadien Pacifie Airlines; le capital de la première provient en majorité d'une compagnie ferroviaire nationalisée; celui de la seconde provient de la grande compagnie ferroviaire rivale, de statut privé (la concurrence des deux compagnies ferroviaires est d'ailleurs réglementée). Les deux compagnies aériennes ne sont en-concurrence directe sur aucun parcours. En Australie, le transport aérien comporte des participations maritimes. Les pays scandinaves également ont autorisé les participations maritimes, car, ayant eu à lutter contre la concurrence étrangère, ils ont fait appel à toutes les puissances économiques du pays pour soutenir les transports aériens. En France, le problème n'a pas encore été résolu. Cependant, la situation actuelle a permis à certaines entreprises maritimes de prendre des participations importantes dans le transport aérien. C'est ainsi que: La Compagnie générale transatlantique a pris une participation majoritaire à Air Transport. La Compagnie Fraissinet a une participation fortement majoritaire à Air Algérie. Ces deux compagnies ont, d'ailleurs, été fusionnées. le 18 mai 1953, sous la raison sociale de « Compagnie générale des transports aériens Air Algéri e ». La Compagnie Paquet (dont M. Fraissinet est le président): a une-participation majoritaire à Air Maroc. Cette compagnie a fusionné, le 15 juin 1953, avec Air Atlas, filiale d'Air France. L'Union aéro-maritime de transport comporte une participation faiblement majoritaire des Chargeurs réunis. Enfin, dans. le courant de mai 1953, a été constituée, au capital de 20 millions de francs, la société à responsabilité limitée Messageries aériennes internationales,, par participation des Transports aériens intercontinentaux et des Messageries maritimes, en vue de l'utilisation des « Armagnac » entre la France et l'Indochine. Ces prises de participation ont soulevé, de la part des intéressés,. certaines objections de valeur inégale. Du côté aérien: L'une d'elles, qui a été très souvent reprise par les personnalités de l'aéronautique entendues en groupe de travail, pose le problème de la ¡participation des. compagnies conventionnées dans les entreprises privées, sur des relations déjà exploitées par la compagnie nationale Air France. Il peut paraître, en effet, illogique que deux compagnies nationales, l'une maritime, l'autre aérienne, exploitent les mêmes relations, sous le signe d'une concurrence parfois très sévère. Une autre remarque générale exposée par les aériens est la crainte de voir les maritimes, soucieux de maintenir leurs paquebots sur les relations communes, freiner l'expansion du transport aérien, soit en limitant les investissements, soit en négligeant le 'crvice et le confort, soit en réduisant les fréquences. Il est juste d'ajouter, cependant, que les transoprteurs aériens ont admis que la participation des maritimes à l'activité' aérienne offrait de grandes possibilités au développement de l'aviation marchande, par les moyens commerciaux dont ils disposent et par les possibilités financières qu'ils peuvent introduire dans l'aviation commerciale. Du côté maritime : Les maritimes se sont prononcés, par contre, à l'unanimité et sans restriction, pour la participation, compte tenu des avantages essentiels que celle-ci peut procurer pour maintenir leur activité', sur les relations déjà exploitées par eux, et ainsi sauvegarder un patrimoine qui devient de plus en plus vulnérable, par l'intervention du transport aérien. D'autre part, devant tenir compte de l'extension probable du trafic aérien, ils estiment que les disponibilités qui découleraient d'une réduction de leurs investissements maritimes trouveraient une meilleure utilisation dans un moyen de transport qui s'apparente à leur activité normale. Le principe d'une telle participation a fait l'objet de longues discussions au sein de votre commission et les avis ont été, sur ce point, très partagés. Néanmoins, une majorité s'est dégagée pour admettre que, sous certaines conditions, cette opération devait être encouragée, pouvant faciliter, dans une large mesure, le développement du transport aérien. Les hésitations des aériens, basées sans doute sur la crainte de voir les maritimes scléroser l'aviation marchande au bénéfice des transports maritimes, n'ont pas paru justifiées à votre commission. Elle a estimé, en effet, que les maritimes ne recherchaient pas plus que les autres des solutions contraires à leurs intérêts, par préférence sentimentale. Elle a constaté, d'ailleurs, que la présence de filiales aériennes au sein de compagnies maritimes n'a pas eu pour conséquence de limiter le développement du trafic aérien, mais, au contraire, de lui donner un plein essor et de le placer en très bon rang dans la compétition: L'idée de la participation a d'ailleurs évolué singulièrement dans les derniers mois et a permis de normaliser les transports sur certaines relations essentielles, jusqu'alors exploitées dians des conditions préjudiciables à une saine rentabilité. C'est ainsi que des accords de fusion ont été réalisés entre Air Transport ( Compagnie générale transatlantique ) et Air Algérie sur la Méditerranée et sont en voie de l'être entre Air Atlas et Air Maroc (Compagnie Fraissinet) sur le Maroc. La Compagnie des messageries maritimes et la Compagnie T. A. I. viennent, par ailleurs, de réaliser un accord important sur la représentation commerciale en Extrême-Orient. Ainsi, l'hypothèque de méfiance se lève progressivement et fera place prochainement à une collaboration confiante.
| 26,389 |
3297725_1
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Caselaw Access Project
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Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 1,931 |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 9 | 16 |
Mr. Justice Kerner
delivered the opinion of the court..
| 23,459 |
https://github.com/L3-Info-Miage-Universite-Cote-D-Azur/pl2020-plpld/blob/master/java/serveur/src/main/java/reseau/GestionnaireDeReseau.java
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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W3C
| null |
pl2020-plpld
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L3-Info-Miage-Universite-Cote-D-Azur
|
Java
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Code
| 750 | 2,056 |
package reseau;
import fichiers.GestionnaireDeFichiers;
import metier.ChoixUtilisateur;
import metier.Etudiant;
import metier.Identité;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import static constantes.Net.*;
/**
* Classe GestionnaireDeRéseau, cette classe sert de passerelle entre le serveur et GestionnaireDeFichier
* afin de faciliter la communication entre les classes
*/
public class GestionnaireDeReseau {
/**
* objet GestionnaireDeFichiers qui communique avec la classe
*/
private GestionnaireDeFichiers FileHandler = new GestionnaireDeFichiers();
/**
* Variable pour recupérer le numéro de l'étudiant et enregistrer son parcours avec un fichier texte à son nom
*/
private String tmpNum;
/**
* Cette méthode enregistre le choix de parcours de l'étudiant dans un fichier texte correspondant à son numéro étudiant
* @param choix Le choix de parcours de l'étudiant
* @throws IOException
*/
public void nouvelleConfirmation(ChoixUtilisateur choix) throws IOException {
System.out.println(choix.toString());
FileHandler.EcrireDansFichierListe(tmpNum + ".txt",choix.getChoix());
}
/**
* Cette méthode enregistre l'étudiant passé en paramètre elle renvoie un boolean.
* Si l'étudiant est déjà inscrit dans la base de donnée, cette méthode renvoie faux, ainsi le serveur
* sait quoi faire, et transmettra cette information au client.
* Sinon, l'étudiant est inscrit dans les bases de données.
* @param etudiant L'étudiant a enregistrer
* @throws IOException
*/
public boolean nouveauEtu(Etudiant etudiant) throws IOException {
System.out.println("L'étudiant numero " + etudiant.getNumEtudiant() + " s'est inscrit");
System.out.println( etudiant.getNumEtudiant() + " " + etudiant.getMotDePasse());
if(FileHandler.etuDejaInscrit(BD, etudiant.getNumEtudiant())) {
System.out.println("l'étudiant est déjà inscrit, refus de l'inscription..");
return false;
}
else {
System.out.println(" l'étudiant est nouveau");
tmpNum = etudiant.getNumEtudiant();
FileHandler.EcrireDansFichier("BD.txt", etudiant.getNumEtudiant() + " " + etudiant.getMotDePasse());
FileHandler.EcrireDansFichier("BD Matieres.txt", "$" + etudiant.getNumEtudiant());
FileHandler.EnregistrerInfoEtudiant("BD INFO ETUDIANTS.txt", etudiant);
return true;
}
}
/**
* Cette méthode renvoie un boolean. Elle vérifie si l'étudiant voulant se connecter existe bien dans la BD.
* C'est à dire elle vérifie que les informations données par l'utilisateur sont valides.
* Le résultat est renvoyé sous forme de boolean.
* Le serveur communiquera cette information au client
* @param id L'identité de la personne voulant se connecter
* @return un boolean
*/
public boolean nouvelleConnexion(Identité id){
System.out.println("Tentative de connexion...." + id.getNom());
if(FileHandler.trouverEtudiant(BD, id.getNom())) {
System.out.println("accepté");
return true;
}
else {
System.out.println("refusé");
return false;
}
}
/**
* Les méthodes suivantes sont implémentées dans GestionnairesDeRéseau afin de faire le pont entre le Serveur et GestionnaireDeFichier
* Une sorte d'entremetteur. Ainsi, elle retourne principalement les méthodes de GestionnaireDeFichiers.
*/
/**
* Cette méthode retourne la map du parcours prédefini.
* Elle appelle la fonction de GestionnaireDeFichier et retourne la map construite
* @param path Le chemin du fichier à lire
* @return
*/
public Map<String, Map<Integer, List<String>>> lireFichierPredefini(String path) {
return FileHandler.lireFichierPredefini(path);
}
/**
* Cette méthode retourne la map des prérequis
* @param s1 le chemin du S1
* @param s2 le chemin du S2
* @param s3 le chemin du S3
* @param s4 le chemin du S4
* @param fichierPrerequis le chemin du fichier des prerequis
* @return
*/
public HashMap<String, List<String>> lireConstructionPrerequis(String s1, String s2, String s3, String s4, String fichierPrerequis) {
return FileHandler.constructionPrerequis(s1,s2,s3,s4,fichierPrerequis);
}
/**
*
* @param path le fichier à lire
* @return la map construite à partir du fichier lu
*/
public HashMap<String, List<String>> lireFichier(String path) {
return FileHandler.lireFichier(path);
}
/**
* Cette méthode retourne un étudiant grâce à son numéro étudiant, s'il existe dans la BD.
* @param numEtudiant
* @return un étudiant
*/
public Etudiant getEtudiant(String path, String numEtudiant) {return FileHandler.getEtudiant(path, numEtudiant); }
/**
* Cette méthode associe chaque étudiant au parcours qu'il a choisi
* @return map associant un étudiant à la liste d'UE qu'il a choisi
*/
public Map<Etudiant, List<String>> getUEChoisies(String path) {
HashMap<Etudiant, List<String>> map = new HashMap<>();
for(Etudiant etudiant: FileHandler.etuInscrits(path)) {
map.put(new Etudiant(etudiant.getNom().toUpperCase() + " " + etudiant.getPrenom() + " (" + etudiant.getNumEtudiant() + ')'), FileHandler.selectionUE(etudiant));
}
return map;
}
public List<String> getParcoursEtu(String numEtu){
return FileHandler.selectionUE(numEtu);
}
/**
* Cette méthode renvoie la liste de numéro des étudiants inscrits
* @return liste constituée de tous les numéros étudiants inscrits
*/
public List<String> getNumEtudiants(String path) {
File fichier = new File(path);
if (!fichier.exists())
return new ArrayList<>();
List<String> listeNumEtudiants = new ArrayList<>();
for(Etudiant etudiant: FileHandler.etuInscrits(path)) {
listeNumEtudiants.add(etudiant.getNumEtudiant());
}
return listeNumEtudiants;
}
/**
*
* @param s1 le chemin du S1
* @param s2 le chemin du S2
* @param s3 le chemin du S3
* @param s4 le chemin du S4
* @return La liste de Map des fichiers lus
*/
public List<Map<String, List<String>>> lireTout(String s1, String s2, String s3, String s4) {
return FileHandler.lireTout(s1,s2,s3,s4);
}
public void setFileHandler(GestionnaireDeFichiers fileHandler) {
FileHandler = fileHandler;
}
public HashMap<String,String> description_UE(String fichier){
return FileHandler.descriptionUE(fichier);
}
}
| 5,443 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Dunn%20%28businessman%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Andrew Dunn (businessman)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andrew Dunn (businessman)&action=history
|
English
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Spoken
| 462 | 629 |
Andrew Dunn (1854–1934) was a newspaper proprietor and politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Council.
Early life
Andrew Dunn was born on 4 May 1854 in Greenock, Scotland, the son of Andrew Dunn and his wife Ann (née Anderson).
Newspaper proprietor
Having pursued careers unrelated to newspapers, in the late 1880s Andrew Dunn was appointed as a business manager for the Maryborough Chronicle. In 1888 he was given a £10 bonus from each stakeholder for his good work. This enabled him to purchase shares in the business and become a director. By 1891 he was the chairman of the company.
His son Andrew (junior) had been working for the Rockhampton Bulletin for some years, when the death of one of its owners, John Blair, provided the opportunity for Andrew Dunn (senior) to purchase a controlling interest in the newspaper and put his sons Andrew (junior) and William Herbert Alan (Herbie) Dunn in charge of it. Later, after World War I, another son, James, would become the business manager for the newspaper.
In 1914, Andrew Dunn purchased the Warwick Argus. Son Herbie Dunn was installed as managing director. In 1919, they persuaded the Irwin family, who owned the rival Warwick Examiner and Times to amalgamate to form the Warwick Daily News rather than continue an unprofitable competition. Herbie Dunn became managing editor and chairman of directors of the merged publication.
In November 1919, Andrew Dunn purchased The Wide Bay and Burnett News in November 1919, which he merged with the Maryborough Chronicle.
In June 1922, Andrew Dunn acquired a controlling interest of The Toowoomba Chronicle and merged it with its competitor, the Darling Downs Gazette.
In July 1929, Andrew Dunn purchased The Evening News in Rockhampton.
In 1907, Andrew Dunn established the Queensland Country Press Association. He served several times as president, and consistently on the executive committee until his death in 1934.
Politics
Andrew Dunn initially was involved in local politics, serving on the Maryborough City Council from 1903 to 1915. He was mayor in 1903 and again in 1914.
On 3 July 1914, Andrew Dunn was appointed to the Queensland Legislative Council. Although a lifetime appointment, his service terminated on 23 March 1922 when the Council voted to abolish itself. He took an active role in trying to re-establish it.
Later life
On 29 April 1934, Andrew Dunn died in Brisbane following a short bout of pneumonia. The following day, his body was taken by train to Maryborough for the funeral, followed by burial in Maryborough Cemetery with his first wife, Kate. His second wife Jane died in 1930 and was buried with him in Maryborough.
References
Members of the Queensland Legislative Council
Australian newspaper publishers (people)
Colony of Queensland people
1854 births
1934 deaths
| 41,224 |
1992/31992R1535/31992R1535_MT.txt_1
|
Eurlex
|
Open Government
|
CC-By
| 1,992 |
None
|
None
|
Maltese
|
Spoken
| 724 | 1,951 |
EUR-Lex - 31992R1535 - MT
Avviż Legali Importanti
|
31992R1535
Official Journal L 162 , 16/06/1992 P. 0015 - 0015 Finnish special edition: Chapter 15 Volume 11 P. 0051 Swedish special edition: Chapter 15 Volume 11 P. 0051
Ir-Regolament tal-Kummissjoni (KEE) Nru 1535/92tal-15 ta’ Ġunju 1992li jemenda l-Annessi I u III tar-Regolament tal-Kunsill (KEE) Nru 2092/91 fuq il-produzzjoni organika ta’ prodotti agrikoli u indikazzjonijiet li jirreferu għalihom fuq prodotti agrikoli u oġġetti ta’ l-ikelIL-KUMMISSJONI TAL-KOMUNITAJIET EWROPEJ,Wara li kkunsidrat it-Trattat li jistabbilixxi l-Komunità Ekonomika Ewropea,Wara li kkunsidrat ir-Regolament tal-Kunsill (KEE) Nru 2092/91 ta’ l-24 ta’ Ġunju 1991 fuq il-produzzjoni organika ta’ prodotti agrikoli u indikazzjonijiet li jirreferu għalihom fuq prodotti agrikoli u oġġetti ta’ l-ikel [1] u b’ mod partikolari l-Artikoli 5(7) u 13 tiegħa,Billi prodotti intiżi għall-konsum uman, komposti essenzjalment minn wieħed jew aktar ingredjenti li joriġinaw mill-pjanti, jistgħu jikkontjenu, bħala komponenti minuri ingredjenti li joriġinaw mill-annimali għal liema hu neċessarju li jiġu definiti r-regoli tal-produzzjoni li għandhom jiġu segwiti;Billi s-sistema ta’ spezzjonar provduta f’L-Anness III trid tiġi definita fejn għandhom x’jaqsmu l-kontrolli li jridu jsiru meta prodott jiġi rċevut minn unità ta’ l-ipproċessar jew l-imballaġġ biex jassiguraw ruħhom li l-prodott oriġina minn operatur ieħor suġġett għas-sistema ta’ spezzjonar;Billi l-miżuri li għalihom hemm dispożizzjoni f’dan ir-Regolament huma skond l-opinjoni tal-Kumitati referut fl-Artikolu 14 tar-Regolament (KEE) Nru. 2092/91,ADOTTAT DAN IR-REGOLAMENT:L-Artikolu 1It-test ta’ l-Anness I tar-Regolament (KEE) Nru. 2092/91 hu kompletat kif ġej:"Annimali u prodotti ta’ l-annimaliSakemm tiġi adottata l-proposta rreferuta fl-Artikolu 1(2), u għall-iskop ta’ preparazzjoni ta’ ingredjenti referuti fl-Artikolu 5(3)(a), l-annimali għandhom jitkabbru skond ir-regoli nazzjonali eżistenti, jew fin-nuqqas ta’ dan, skond prattiki magħrufin internazzjonalment li jikkonċernaw it-tkabbir ta’ bhejjem b’mod organiku."L-Artikolu 2It-test ta’ l-Anness III tar-Regolament (KEE) Nru. 2092/91 hu emendat kif ġej:1. it-test ta’ punt A, 4 hu kompletat bl-inċiż segwenti:"Fejn l-unità nnifisha tipproċessa l-prodott agrikolu tagħha, il-kontijiet iridu jikkontjenu l-informazzjoni kif referuta f’ punt B, 2, tielet sing ta’ dan l-Anness,";2. it-test ta’ punt B, 6 hu kompletat bis-segwenti:"Meta jirċevi prodott kif referut fl-Artikolu 1, l-operatur għandu jiċċekkja l-għeluq ta’ l-imballaġġjar jew il-kontenitur u l-preżenza ta’ indikazzjonijiet referuti f punt A, 8 ta’ dan l-Anness. Ir-riżultat ta’ din il-verifika għandu jkun espliċitament imniżżel fil-kontijiet referuti f punt B, 2. EUR-Lex - 31992R1535 - MT
Avviż Legali Importanti
|
31992R1535
Official Journal L 162 , 16/06/1992 P. 0015 - 0015 Finnish special edition: Chapter 15 Volume 11 P. 0051 Swedish special edition: Chapter 15 Volume 11 P. 0051
Ir-Regolament tal-Kummissjoni (KEE) Nru 1535/92tal-15 ta’ Ġunju 1992li jemenda l-Annessi I u III tar-Regolament tal-Kunsill (KEE) Nru 2092/91 fuq il-produzzjoni organika ta’ prodotti agrikoli u indikazzjonijiet li jirreferu għalihom fuq prodotti agrikoli u oġġetti ta’ l-ikelIL-KUMMISSJONI TAL-KOMUNITAJIET EWROPEJ,Wara li kkunsidrat it-Trattat li jistabbilixxi l-Komunità Ekonomika Ewropea,Wara li kkunsidrat ir-Regolament tal-Kunsill (KEE) Nru 2092/91 ta’ l-24 ta’ Ġunju 1991 fuq il-produzzjoni organika ta’ prodotti agrikoli u indikazzjonijiet li jirreferu għalihom fuq prodotti agrikoli u oġġetti ta’ l-ikel [1] u b’ mod partikolari l-Artikoli 5(7) u 13 tiegħa,Billi prodotti intiżi għall-konsum uman, komposti essenzjalment minn wieħed jew aktar ingredjenti li joriġinaw mill-pjanti, jistgħu jikkontjenu, bħala komponenti minuri ingredjenti li joriġinaw mill-annimali għal liema hu neċessarju li jiġu definiti r-regoli tal-produzzjoni li għandhom jiġu segwiti;Billi s-sistema ta’ spezzjonar provduta f’L-Anness III trid tiġi definita fejn għandhom x’jaqsmu l-kontrolli li jridu jsiru meta prodott jiġi rċevut minn unità ta’ l-ipproċessar jew l-imballaġġ biex jassiguraw ruħhom li l-prodott oriġina minn operatur ieħor suġġett għas-sistema ta’ spezzjonar;Billi l-miżuri li għalihom hemm dispożizzjoni f’dan ir-Regolament huma skond l-opinjoni tal-Kumitati referut fl-Artikolu 14 tar-Regolament (KEE) Nru. 2092/91,ADOTTAT DAN IR-REGOLAMENT:L-Artikolu 1It-test ta’ l-Anness I tar-Regolament (KEE) Nru. 2092/91 hu kompletat kif ġej:"Annimali u prodotti ta’ l-annimaliSakemm tiġi adottata l-proposta rreferuta fl-Artikolu 1(2), u għall-iskop ta’ preparazzjoni ta’ ingredjenti referuti fl-Artikolu 5(3)(a), l-annimali għandhom jitkabbru skond ir-regoli nazzjonali eżistenti, jew fin-nuqqas ta’ dan, skond prattiki magħrufin internazzjonalment li jikkonċernaw it-tkabbir ta’ bhejjem b’mod organiku."L-Artikolu 2It-test ta’ l-Anness III tar-Regolament (KEE) Nru. 2092/91 hu emendat kif ġej:1. it-test ta’ punt A, 4 hu kompletat bl-inċiż segwenti:"Fejn l-unità nnifisha tipproċessa l-prodott agrikolu tagħha, il-kontijiet iridu jikkontjenu l-informazzjoni kif referuta f’ punt B, 2, tielet sing ta’ dan l-Anness,";2. it-test ta’ punt B, 6 hu kompletat bis-segwenti:"Meta jirċevi prodott kif referut fl-Artikolu 1, l-operatur għandu jiċċekkja l-għeluq ta’ l-imballaġġjar jew il-kontenitur u l-preżenza ta’ indikazzjonijiet referuti f punt A, 8 ta’ dan l-Anness. Ir-riżultat ta’ din il-verifika għandu jkun espliċitament imniżżel fil-kontijiet referuti f punt B, 2.
| 26,299 |
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Armitage%20Bannerman
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
David Armitage Bannerman
|
https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David Armitage Bannerman&action=history
|
Portuguese
|
Spoken
| 599 | 1,254 |
David Armitage Bannerman OBE, MA, SD (Cantab), Hon. LL.D. (Glasgow), FRSE, FZS (27 de Novembro de 1886 — Manchester, 6 de Abril de 1979) foi um ornitólogo que se destacou no estudo das aves da Macaronésia e da costa ocidental africana.
Biografia
Bannerman formou-se no Pembroke College (Cambridge) em 1909. Realizou longas viagens de exploração e estudo em África, Caraíbas, América do Sul e na Macaronésia.
Durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial, não tendo sido aceite para serviço militar por razões de saúde, Bannerman serviu na Cruz Vermelha durante quatro anos em França, o que lhe valeu ser condecorado com a Mons Star.
Após a Guerra obteve emprego, a tempo parcial, no Natural History Museum de Londres, emprego que manteve até se aposentar em 1951. Durante esse período, por duas vezes declinou convites para assumir a direcção do British Museum.
Foi presidente do British Ornithologists' Club de 1932 a 1935, editando para aquela instituição o respectivo Bulletin desde 1914–1915. Foi vice-presidente da British Ornithologists Union e da Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.
Também colaborou com o periódico Ibis, uma publicação especializada em ornitologia. O seu nome é recordado no epíteto específico de várias espécies, entre as quais Tauraco bannermani, Cyanomitra bannermani e Ploceus bannermani.
Em colaboração com a esposa, Winifred Bannerman, realizou diversas viagens de exploração ornitológica na Macaronésia, das quais resultou a publicação de uma importante obra, hoje considerada de referência.
Obras publicadas
The Birds of Tropical West Africa (illustrated by George Edward Lodge; 8 vols) 1930-1951
The Birds of West and Equatorial Africa (2 vols) 1953
Larger Birds of West Africa, Penguin (London) 1958
Birds of Cyprus (with W. Mary Bannerman), Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh 1958
The Birds of the British Isles (illustrated by Lodge) Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh (12 vols) 1953-1963
Vol. 1: Corvidae, Sturnidae, Oriolidae, Fringillidae, 1953
Vol. 2: Alaudidae, Certhidae, Paridae, Vireonidae etc, 1953
Vol. 3: Sylviidae, Troglodytidae, Turdidae, Cinclidae, Prunellidae, Hirundinidae, 1954
Vol. 4: Apodidae, Coraciidae, Caprimulgidae, Alcedinidae, Meropidae, Picidae, Upupidae, Cuculidae, Strigidae, 1955
Vol. 5: Birds of Prey, 1956
Vol. 6: Ciconiidae, Ardeidae, Phoenicopteridae, Anatidae (Part), 1957
Vol. 7: Anatidae (Conclusion), 1958
Vol. 8: Phalacrocoracidae, Diomedeidae, Sulidae, Podicipedidae, Fregatidae, Gaviidae, Procellariidae, Columbidae, Pteroclididae, 1959
Vol. 9: Scolopacidae (Part), 1961
Vol. 10: Scolopacidae (Conclusion), Charadriidae, Recurvirostridae, Haematopodidae, 1961
Vol. 11: Glareolidae, Otdidae, Burhinidae, Gruidae, Laridae, 1962
Vol. 12: Stercorariidae, Alcidae, Rallidae, Tetraonidae, Phasianidae, 1963
The Birds of the Atlantic Islands (with W. Mary Bannerman, illustrated by D. M. Reid-Henry) Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh (4 vols) 1963-1968 ISBN 9780050018
Vol. 1: A History of the Birds of the Canary Islands and the Salvages, 1963
Vol. 2: A History of the Birds of Madeira, the Desertas, and Porto Santo Islands, 1965
Vol. 3: A History of the Birds of the Azores, 1966
Vol. 4: A History of the Birds of the Cape Verde Islands, 1968
Handbook of the Birds of Cyprus and Migrants of the Middle East (with W. Mary Bannerman) Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh 1971 ISBN 9780050024454
Birds of the Maltese Archipelago (with Joseph A. Vella-Gaffiero) Museums Department, Valletta 1976
The Birds of the Balearics (with W. Mary Bannerman, illustrated by Donald Watson) Croom Helm/Tanager Books 1983 ISBN 9780880720229
Contribuições
George Lodge - Artist Naturalist John Savory (Ed.), Croom Helm, 1986 ISBN 0-7099-3366-5
The chapter Lodge the Man, a Biography
Artigos notáveis
Exhibition and description of a new subspecies of oystercatcher (Haematopus niger meade-waldoi) from the Canary Islands. Bull. B. O. C. 31: 33-34. (1913)
A probable sight record of a Canarian black oystercatcher. Ibis 111': 257. (1969)
Referências
Ligações externas
Cientistas do Reino Unido
Ornitólogos do Reino Unido
Alunos do Pembroke College
| 22,233 |
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodiversity
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Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Neurodiversity
|
https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neurodiversity&action=history
|
Simple English
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Spoken
| 134 | 195 |
Neurodiversity is a word for differences in people's brains. It is a type of biodiversity (diversity in living creatures).
Examples of neurodiverse conditions include autism, Tourette syndrome, ADHD, and dyslexia.
Movement
The neurodiversity movement is an approach to mental disability in which some neurological conditions are variations of the human brain. The term was first used in the late 1990s as a challenge to the idea that neurological differences are disorders instead of features. The movement believes that these variations should be recognised as a social category along with gender, human race and sexual orientation.
Some people claim that neurodiversity would not be good for individuals with severe disabilities, such as low-functioning autism. They state that the difficulties are far greater than any potential strengths.
Related pages
Autism rights movement
Biodiversity
References
Controversies
Neurology
| 12,118 |
https://github.com/arifatun09/project_perpustakaan/blob/master/resources/views/user/edit.blade.php
|
Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| null |
project_perpustakaan
|
arifatun09
|
PHP
|
Code
| 71 | 380 |
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('title', 'EDIT DATA')
@section('title1', 'Edit Data user')
@section('content')
<form action="/user/{{$user->id}}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{{csrf_field()}}
@method('PUT')
<form action="/user" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
@csrf
<div class="card-body">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="judul">Nama</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" required="required" name="name" value="{{$user->name}}">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="kategori">Email</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" required="required" name="email" value="{{$user->email}}">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="role">Role</label>
<div class="col-sm-12">
<div class="form-group">
<select class="form-control" name="role">
<option value="admin">admin</option>
<option value="user">user</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Simpan</button>
</div>
</form>
</form>
@endsection
| 33,252 |
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune%20500
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Fortune 500
|
https://hu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fortune 500&action=history
|
Hungarian
|
Spoken
| 274 | 682 |
A Fortune 500 egy lista, amely az Amerikai Egyesült Államok ötszáz legnagyobb árbevételű nyílt részvénytársaságát sorolja fel. A listát minden évben a Fortune gazdasági hetilap szerkesztői állítják össze. Néha használják a Fortune 100 és a Fortune 1000 kifejezéseket is, ezek szintén az árbevétel alapján megállapított sorrendek.
1995 óta létezik jelenlegi formájában a Fortune Global 500, amely az amerikai cégeken kívül az összes többi ország cégét is tartalmazza.
A Fortune listáihoz hasonló a Forbes Global 2000, amelyet a Forbes gazdasági hetilap állít össze bevétel, profit, tőkeállomány és piaci érték alapján.
2014-es lista
A 2014-es lista a magazin szerint:
Wal-Mart Stores – kiskereskedelem
Exxon Mobil – olajipar
Chevron – olajipar
Berkshire Hathaway – pénzügy
Apple – informatika
Phillips 66 – olajipar
General Motors – gépjárműipar
Ford Motor – gépjárműipar
General Electric – konglomerátum
Valero Energy – olajipar
2006-os lista
2006-ban a Fortune 500 első tíz helyezettje. Zárójelben az előző évi pozíció:
(2.) Exxon Mobil – olajipar
(1.) Wal-Mart – kiskereskedelem
(3.) General Motors – gépjárműipar
(6.) Chevron – olajipar
(4.) Ford Motor – gépjárműipar
(7.) ConocoPhillips – olajipar
(5.) General Electric – konglomerátum
(8.) Citigroup – pénzügy
(9.) American International Group – biztosítás
(10.) IBM – informatika
2005-höz képest a cégek összetétele nem változott, ám a magasabb olajáraknak köszönhetően a tízes lista összes olajipari vállalata növelte a bevételét, így feljebb került.
2005-ös lista
Wal-Mart – kiskereskedelem
Exxon Mobil – olajipar
General Motors – gépjárműipar
Ford Motor – gépjárműipar
General Electric – konglomerátum
Chevron – olajipar
ConocoPhillips – olajipar
Citigroup – pénzügy
American International Group – biztosítás
IBM – informatika
Jegyzetek
Források
További információk
Állandó hivatkozás
Kapcsolódó szócikkek
Pénzügy
Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok cégei
ru:Fortune 1000#Fortune 500
| 20,408 |
https://github.com/kobe0608/sdc/blob/master/openecomp-be/lib/openecomp-sdc-action-lib/openecomp-sdc-action-api/src/main/java/org/openecomp/sdc/action/dao/types/ActionArtifactEntity.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
sdc
|
kobe0608
|
Java
|
Code
| 206 | 608 |
/*-
* ============LICENSE_START=======================================================
* SDC
* ================================================================================
* Copyright (C) 2017 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved.
* ================================================================================
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
* ============LICENSE_END=========================================================
*/
package org.openecomp.sdc.action.dao.types;
import com.datastax.driver.mapping.annotations.Column;
import com.datastax.driver.mapping.annotations.PartitionKey;
import com.datastax.driver.mapping.annotations.Table;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;
import org.openecomp.sdc.action.types.ActionArtifact;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@Getter
@Setter
@NoArgsConstructor
@Table(keyspace = "dox", name = "action_artifact")
public class ActionArtifactEntity {
@PartitionKey
@Column(name = "artifactuuid")
private String artifactUuId;
@PartitionKey(value = 1)
@Column(name = "effective_version")
private int effectiveVersion;
@Column(name = "artifact")
private ByteBuffer artifact;
public ActionArtifactEntity(String artifactUuId, int effectiveVersion) {
this.artifactUuId = artifactUuId;
this.effectiveVersion = effectiveVersion;
}
/**
* To dto action artifact.
*
* @return the action artifact
*/
public ActionArtifact toDto() {
ActionArtifact destination = new ActionArtifact();
destination.setArtifactUuId(this.getArtifactUuId());
destination.setEffectiveVersion(this.getEffectiveVersion());
destination.setArtifact(this.getArtifact().array());
return destination;
}
}
| 14,053 |
https://github.com/wildanfuady/sekolahku/blob/master/app/Views/major_list.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
sekolahku
|
wildanfuady
|
PHP
|
Code
| 843 | 3,728 |
<?= $this->extend('template') ?>
<?= $this->section('vendorCSS') ?>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="<?= base_url('app-assets/vendors/css/tables/datatable/datatables.min.css') ?>">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="<?= base_url('app-assets/vendors/css/tables/datatable/dataTables.bootstrap4.min.css') ?>">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="<?= base_url('app-assets/vendors/css/tables/datatable/buttons.bootstrap4.min.css') ?>">
<?= $this->endSection() ?>
<?= $this->section('content') ?>
<div class="modal fade" id="modal-add-major" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<h2 class="modal-title">
Tambah Jurusan
</h2>
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
<span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
</button>
</div>
<form id="add-major" enctype="multipart/form-data" onsubmit="return false;">
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="form-group">
<label>Nama Jurusan <span class="text-danger font-small-4">*</span></label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="major_name" placeholder="Nama Jurusan" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback"></div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Kode Jurusan <span class="text-danger font-small-4">*</span></label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="major_code" placeholder="Kode Jurusan" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" data-dismiss="modal">Batal</button>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Tambahkan</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="modal-edit-major" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<h2 class="modal-title">
Edit Jurusan
</h2>
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
<span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
</button>
</div>
<form id="edit-major" enctype="multipart/form-data" onsubmit="return false;">
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="form-group">
<label>Nama Jurusan <span class="text-danger font-small-4">*</span></label>
<input type="hidden" class="form-control" name="major_id" disabled>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="major_name" placeholder="Nama Jurusan" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback"></div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Kode Jurusan <span class="text-danger font-small-4">*</span></label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="major_code" placeholder="Kode Jurusan" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" data-dismiss="modal">Batal</button>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Simpan perubahan</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header">
<div class="card-title">Daftar Jurusan</div>
</div>
<div class="card-datatable table-responsive">
<table class="table table-hover table-striped table-bordered" id="tb_major_list">
<thead class="text-center">
<tr>
<th>No</th>
<th>Nama Jurusan</th>
<th>Kode Jurusan</th>
<th>Aksi</th>
</tr>
</thead>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<?= $this->endSection() ?>
<?= $this->section('vendorJS') ?>
<script src="<?= base_url('app-assets/vendors/js/tables/datatable/datatables.min.js') ?>"></script>
<script src="<?= base_url('app-assets/vendors/js/tables/datatable/datatables.bootstrap4.min.js') ?>"></script>
<script src="<?= base_url('app-assets/vendors/js/tables/datatable/datatables.buttons.min.js') ?>"></script>
<?= $this->endSection() ?>
<?= $this->section('customJS') ?>
<script>
$(document).ready(function() {
var csrf_token = "<?= csrf_hash() ?>";
var tb_major_list = $('#tb_major_list').DataTable({
dom: '<"card-header py-0"<"dt-action-buttons"B>><"d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center mx-1 row"<"col-sm-12 col-md-6"l><"col-sm-12 col-md-6"f>>t<"d-flex justify-content-between mx-1 row"<"col-sm-12 col-md-6"i><"col-sm-12 col-md-6"p>>',
order: [
[1, 'asc']
],
serverSide: true,
processing: true,
ajax: {
url: "<?= base_url('major/get_majors') ?>",
type: "post",
dataType: "json",
data: function(data) {
data.<?= csrf_token() ?> = csrf_token;
},
dataSrc: function(result) {
csrf_token = result.<?= csrf_token() ?>;
return result.data;
}
},
columns: [{
"data": "major_id",
"mRender": function(data, row, type, meta) {
return meta.row + meta.settings._iDisplayStart + 1;
},
"className": "text-center"
},
{
"data": "major_name"
},
{
"data": "major_code",
"className": "text-center"
},
{
"data": "major_id",
"mRender": function(major_id, row, data) {
return '<div class="btn-actions" data-major_id="' + major_id + '"><button class="btn btn-flat-info btn-icon rounded-circle edit-major" title="Edit" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-edit-major">' + feather.icons['edit'].toSvg({
class: 'font-medium-2'
}) + '</button><button class="btn btn-flat-danger btn-icon rounded-circle delete-major" title="Hapus">' + feather.icons['trash'].toSvg({
class: 'font-medium-2'
}) + '</button></div>';
},
"className": "text-center",
"orderable": false
}
],
buttons: [{
className: 'btn btn-primary',
text: 'Tambah Jurusan',
attr: {
"data-toggle": "modal",
"data-target": "#modal-add-major"
}
}]
})
$(document).on('click', '.edit-major', function() {
var data = tb_major_list.row($(this).parents('tbody tr')).data();
$('#edit-major [name=major_id]').val(data.major_id);
$('#edit-major [name=major_name]').val(data.major_name);
$('#edit-major [name=major_code]').val(data.major_code);
})
$(document).on('submit', '#add-major', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
$(this).find('.is-invalid').removeClass('is-invalid');
$(this).find('.invalid-feedback').text(null);
var form = $(this);
var data = $(this).serialize();
$.ajax({
url: "<?= base_url('api/major') ?>",
type: "post",
dataType: "json",
data: data,
headers: {
Authorization: "<?= session()->token ?>"
},
beforeSend: function() {
$.blockUI(set_blockUI);
},
success: function(result) {
$.unblockUI();
if (result.error == false) {
$('#modal-add-major').modal('hide');
Swal.fire({
title: "Success!",
text: result.message,
icon: "success",
showConfirmButton: false,
timer: 3000
}).then(function() {
tb_major_list.ajax.reload();
})
} else if (result.error == true) {
Swal.fire({
title: "Failed!",
text: result.message,
icon: "error",
showConfirmButton: false,
timer: 3000
})
} else {
Object.entries(result.errors).forEach(function(key, value) {
form.find('[name=' + key[0] + ']').addClass('is-invalid');
form.find('[name=' + key[0] + ']').closest('.form-group').find('.invalid-feedback').text(key[1]);
})
}
},
error: function() {
$.unblockUI();
Swal.fire({
title: "Error!",
text: "An error occurred on the server.",
icon: "error",
showConfirmButton: false,
timer: 3000
})
}
})
return false;
})
$(document).on('submit', '#edit-major', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
$(this).find('.is-invalid').removeClass('is-invalid');
$(this).find('.invalid-feedback').text(null);
var form = $(this);
var data = $(this).serialize();
var major_id = $(this).find('[name=major_id]').val();
$.ajax({
url: "<?= base_url('api/major') ?>/" + major_id,
type: "put",
dataType: "json",
data: data,
headers: {
Authorization: "<?= session()->token ?>"
},
beforeSend: function() {
$.blockUI(set_blockUI);
},
success: function(result) {
$.unblockUI();
if (result.error == false) {
$('#modal-edit-major').modal('hide');
Swal.fire({
title: "Success!",
text: result.message,
icon: "success",
showConfirmButton: false,
timer: 3000
}).then(function() {
tb_major_list.ajax.reload();
})
} else if (result.error == true) {
Swal.fire({
title: "Failed!",
text: result.message,
icon: "error",
showConfirmButton: false,
timer: 3000
})
} else {
Object.entries(result.errors).forEach(function(key, value) {
form.find('[name=' + key[0] + ']').addClass('is-invalid');
form.find('[name=' + key[0] + ']').closest('.form-group').find('.invalid-feedback').text(key[1]);
})
}
},
error: function() {
$.unblockUI();
Swal.fire({
title: "Error!",
text: "An error occurred on the server.",
icon: "error",
showConfirmButton: false,
timer: 3000
})
}
})
return false;
})
$(document).on('click', '.delete-major', function() {
var major_id = $(this).parents('.btn-actions').data('major_id');
Swal.fire({
title: "Are you sure?",
text: "You won't be able to revert this!",
icon: "warning",
showCancelButton: true,
confirmButtonText: "Yes, delete it!",
cancelButtonText: "Cancel",
customClass: {
confirmButton: "btn btn-primary",
cancelButton: "btn btn-outline-danger ml-1"
},
buttonsStyling: false
}).then((result) => {
if (result.value) {
$.ajax({
url: "<?= base_url('api/major') ?>/" + major_id,
type: "delete",
dataType: "json",
headers: {
Authorization: "<?= session()->token ?>"
},
beforeSend: function() {
$.blockUI(set_blockUI);
},
success: function(result) {
$.unblockUI();
if (result.error == false) {
Swal.fire({
title: "Success!",
text: result.message,
icon: "success",
showConfirmButton: false,
timer: 3000
}).then(function() {
tb_major_list.ajax.reload();
})
} else {
Swal.fire({
title: "Failed!",
text: result.message,
icon: "error",
showConfirmButton: false,
timer: 3000
})
}
},
error: function() {
$.unblockUI();
Swal.fire({
title: "Error!",
text: "An error occurred on the server.",
icon: "error",
showConfirmButton: false,
timer: 3000
})
}
})
}
})
})
})
</script>
<?= $this->endSection() ?>
| 50,894 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16674179
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Ruisseau du Perche
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 153 | 345 |
Ruisseau du Perche
rivière française
Ruisseau du Perche pays France
Ruisseau du Perche se jette dans Bernazobre
Ruisseau du Perche nature de l’élément rivière
Ruisseau du Perche longueur
Ruisseau du Perche identifiant Sandre d'un cours d'eau O4550620
Ruisseau du Perche bassin versant bassin de l'Agout
Ruisseau du Perche identifiant du Google Knowledge Graph /g/1yglpt3jy
Ruisseau du Perche
watergang in Frankrijk
Ruisseau du Perche land Frankrijk
Ruisseau du Perche mondt uit in Bernazobre
Ruisseau du Perche is een rivier
Ruisseau du Perche lengte
Ruisseau du Perche SANDRE-identificatiecode O4550620
Ruisseau du Perche stroomgebied stroomgebied van de Agout
Ruisseau du Perche Google Knowledge Graph-identificatiecode /g/1yglpt3jy
Ruisseau du Perche
river in France
Ruisseau du Perche country France
Ruisseau du Perche mouth of the watercourse Bernazobre
Ruisseau du Perche instance of river
Ruisseau du Perche length
Ruisseau du Perche Sandre river ID O4550620
Ruisseau du Perche drainage basin Agout basin
Ruisseau du Perche Google Knowledge Graph ID /g/1yglpt3jy
| 45,213 |
https://github.com/asciiu/fomo/blob/master/common/src/main/scala/com/flowy/common/database/postgres/schema/SqlMarket.scala
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,019 |
fomo
|
asciiu
|
Scala
|
Code
| 73 | 283 |
package com.flowy.common.database.postgres.schema
import java.util.UUID
import com.flowy.common.models.{Exchange, Market}
import com.flowy.common.slick.MyPostgresDriver.api._
trait SqlMarket extends SqlSchema {
protected val markets = TableQuery[Markets]
import database._
class Markets(tag: Tag) extends Table[Market](tag, "markets") {
def id = column[UUID]("id", O.PrimaryKey)
def exchangeName = column[Exchange.Value]("exchange_name")
def marketName = column[String]("market_name")
def currency = column[String]("currency")
def currencyLong = column[String]("currency_long")
def baseCurrency = column[String]("base_currency")
def baseCurrencyLong = column[String]("base_currency_long")
def * = (id,
exchangeName,
marketName,
currency,
currencyLong,
baseCurrency,
baseCurrencyLong) <>
((Market.apply _).tupled, Market.unapply)
}
}
| 41,766 |
https://github.com/jonnyzzz/phd-project/blob/master/dsis/src/Utils/src/FormUtil.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,019 |
phd-project
|
jonnyzzz
|
C#
|
Code
| 58 | 169 |
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using log4net;
namespace DSIS.Utils
{
public static class FormUtil
{
private static readonly ILog LOG = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof (FormUtil));
//TODO: Add exception handler
[Obsolete("Use IInvocator")]
public static void InvokeAction(this Control control, Action action)
{
Action safeAction = delegate
{
try
{
action();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LOG.Error(e.Message, e);
}
};
control.BeginInvoke(safeAction);
}
}
}
| 20,830 |
https://github.com/mishaboyko/CarND-PID-Control-Project/blob/master/src/PID.cpp
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
CarND-PID-Control-Project
|
mishaboyko
|
C++
|
Code
| 113 | 328 |
#include "PID.h"
PID::PID() {}
PID::~PID() {}
void PID::Init(double Kp_, double Ki_, double Kd_) {
Kp = Kp_;
Ki = Ki_;
Kd = Kd_;
p_error = 0;
i_error = 0;
d_error = 0;
}
double PID::CalculateSteerAngle(double cte_in){
// check, if this is first message. If so - create dummy prev_cte for plausibility.
if(std::numeric_limits<double>::max() == last_cte){
last_cte = cte_in * (9/10);
}
UpdateError(cte_in);
return -Kp * cte_in - Ki * int_cte - Kd * diff_cte ;
}
void PID::UpdateError(double cte_in) {
/**
* Update PID errors based on cte.
*/
diff_cte = cte_in - last_cte;
TotalError(cte_in);
last_cte = cte_in;
}
void PID::TotalError(double cte_in) {
/**
* Calculate the total error
*/
int_cte += cte_in;
}
| 5,704 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15537056
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,013 |
Stack Exchange
|
MattDMo, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1426065, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2070615, user2070615
|
English
|
Spoken
| 168 | 233 |
Beautiful Soup 4 for python 3
Does anyone know where I could find a video tutorial on the use of python 3 with Beautifulsoup 4? I really need to know how to use it so that I can write a script with it. Thanks in advance!
do you have a specific question that isn't addressed in the documentation?
Not particularly. I just need to know how to sort through stock data and collect certain figures like price and 52 week highs/lows. I tried watching some of the youtube tutorials, but none of the code works with python 3 and BS4.
Chris Hawkes at noobniche has a couple of BeautifulSoup video tutorials. They are episodes 7 and 8.
Another example, also found at youtube, covers using BeautifulSoup to work with weather forecast data. It can be viewed here.
Thanks for your response, but these do not work with python 3 and Bs4. Do you know where I could get some info about how to use Bs4 with python 3?
| 26,710 |
https://github.com/awslabs/aws-elasticache-cluster-client-libmemcached/blob/master/tests/libmemcached-1.0/tls/cert.sh
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause, LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference, Apache-2.0
| 2,022 |
aws-elasticache-cluster-client-libmemcached
|
awslabs
|
Shell
|
Code
| 77 | 344 |
#!/bin/bash
OPENSSL_BIN="openssl"
#OPENSSL_BIN="/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/bin/openssl"
# Get script directory
SCRIPT_DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
touch ca-db-index
echo 03 > ca-db-serial
# Certificate Authority
$OPENSSL_BIN req -nodes -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -days 365 -keyout ca-key.pem -out ca-cert.pem -subj "/C=IL/L=TLV/O=AWS/OU=ElastiCache/CN=memcached-client-ca"
# Certificate
$OPENSSL_BIN req -nodes -new -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout memc-key.pem -out memc.csr -subj "/C=IL/L=TLV/O=AWS/OU=ElastiCache/CN=memcached-client"
# Sign Certificate
$OPENSSL_BIN ca -config $SCRIPT_DIR/ca.conf -days 365 -in memc.csr -out memc-cert.pem
mkdir -p $SCRIPT_DIR/certs/
cp memc-cert.pem $SCRIPT_DIR/certs/
cp memc-key.pem $SCRIPT_DIR/certs/
| 50,736 |
477562_1
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
| 15 | 55 |
802 F.2d 467
Harrisv.D.O.T., F.A.A.
85-1627
United States Court of Appeals,Federal Circuit.
7/1/86
MSPB
Affirmed.
| 42,002 |
<urn:uuid:772549ff-6ed9-43ec-abae-c66f2e349c44>
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Various open data
| null |
https://www.aft.gouv.fr/en/publications/communiques-presse/20110928-budget-bill
|
aft.gouv.fr
|
English
|
Spoken
| 252 | 347 |
The 2012 French draft budget bill was adopted this morning by the Government. The net issuance of medium-and long-term securities (OAT, BTAN) will amount to €179 billion in 2012. The total financing requirement for the State will amount to €182 billion, out of which €81,8 billion result from the projected deficit for 2012 and €98.9 billion result from the redemption of the medium- and long-term debt falling due in 2012.
As usual, the details of the funding programme for 2012 will be released in December 2011.
The budget deficit for 2011 will amount to €95.5 bn, unchanged compared to the revised finance law for 2011 of September 19, 2011. Medium-and long-term issuances net of buybacks will amount to €184bn unchanged.
After a decrease of 27bn euros in 2010, the net change in the BTF outstanding at the year-end 2011 will be reduced by €4.4bn compared to a stabilization planed in the revised law of September 19, 2011. This downward revision in the BTF outstanding is mainly due to buy-backs of some debts falling in 2012 which reduce the requirement on the single Treasury account at the year-end and the pursuit of the centralization of cash surpluses policy of public structures initiated in 2010. This is reflected in higher increase in deposits from Treasury correspondents.
Financing requirement
Budget deficit
Financing sources
Medium- and Long- term issuance (BTAN/OAT) net of buybacks
Cancellation of State securities by the Caisse de la dette publique
Net changes in BTFs
Change in Treasury account
Other sources of funding
| 20,522 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebrada%20Grande%20%28suba%20sa%20Venezuela%2C%20Estado%20Anzo%C3%A1tegui%2C%20lat%2010%2C00%2C%20long%20-64%2C25%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Quebrada Grande (suba sa Venezuela, Estado Anzoátegui, lat 10,00, long -64,25)
|
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quebrada Grande (suba sa Venezuela, Estado Anzoátegui, lat 10,00, long -64,25)&action=history
|
Cebuano
|
Spoken
| 51 | 84 |
Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang Quebrada Grande.
Suba ang Quebrada Grande sa Venezuela. Nahimutang ni sa estado sa Estado Anzoátegui, sa amihanan-sidlakang bahin sa nasod, km sa sidlakan sa Caracas ang ulohan sa nasod.
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Mga suba sa Estado Anzoátegui
| 37,345 |
<urn:uuid:e53b259c-e155-42a2-8675-a44a53eac709>
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Various open data
| null |
https://www.transformation.gouv.fr/node/523
|
transformation.gouv.fr
|
Kabyle
|
Spoken
| 20 | 31 |
Entretien avec Mme Barbara POMPILI, ministre de la Transition écologique
28 octobre 2020
Ministère de la Transition écologique - Paris
| 39,812 |
https://github.com/leo937549163/bio-angle/blob/master/sam.rb
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
bio-angle
|
leo937549163
|
Ruby
|
Code
| 205 | 726 |
require 'bio'
def coord(hetatm) # coordinate | return vector [x y z]
return Bio::PDB::Utils.to_xyz(hetatm)
end
def dihedral_angle(hash, a1, a2, a3, a4)
if hash.has_key?(a1) and hash.has_key?(a2) and hash.has_key?(a3) and hash.has_key?(a4) # atoms are available
return Bio::PDB::Utils.dihedral_angle(
coord(hash[a1]),
coord(hash[a2]),
coord(hash[a3]),
coord(hash[a4]))
else
return
end
end
def calculate_sam(file)
pdb = Bio::PDB.new(File.open(file).read)
pdb_id = pdb.entry_id()
# filter "HETATM - SAM"
sam = pdb.hetatms.delete_if { |element| element.resName != 'SAM'}
data = Hash.new
sam.each do |element| # create hash based on 'name' of the atom
if not data.has_key?(element.chainID)
data.merge!({element.chainID => {} })
end
data[element.chainID].merge!({element.name => element}) # merge
end
# alpha CB -CG -SD -C5'
# beta CG -SD -C5'-C4'
# gamma SD -C5'-C4'-O4'
# delta C5'-C4'-C3'-O3'
# epsilon
# zeta
# chi O4'-C1'-N9 -C2'
data.each do |key, value|
alpha = dihedral_angle(value, "CB" , "CG" , "SD" , "C5'")
beta = dihedral_angle(value, "CG" , "SD" , "C5'", "C4'")
gamma = dihedral_angle(value, "SD" , "C5'", "C4'", "O4'")
delta = dihedral_angle(value, "C5'", "C4'", "C3'", "O3'")
chi = dihedral_angle(value, "O4'", "C1'", "N9" , "C2'")
puts [pdb_id, key, alpha, beta, gamma, delta, chi].join(',')
end
end
# main
puts ['pdb', 'chainID', 'alpha', 'beta', 'gamma', 'delta', 'chi'].join(',')
# filter file which ends with "pdb"
pdblist = Dir.entries("sam").delete_if { |element| element[-3,3] != 'pdb'}
pdblist.each do |f|
calculate_sam("sam/"+f)
end
| 42,459 |
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrmarachne%20myrmicaeformis
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Myrmarachne myrmicaeformis
|
https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrmarachne myrmicaeformis&action=history
|
Swedish
|
Spoken
| 32 | 79 |
Myrmarachne myrmicaeformis är en spindelart som först beskrevs av Lucas 1869 [1871. Myrmarachne myrmicaeformis ingår i släktet Myrmarachne och familjen hoppspindlar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Källor
Hoppspindlar
myrmicaeformis
| 10,627 |
6e9d059a7a499f5747df68e11b00cc82
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Licence ouverte
| 2,006 |
Code de la santé publique, article D6114-5
|
LEGI
|
French
|
Spoken
| 59 | 87 |
Le contrat pluriannuel d'objectifs et de moyens prévoit des engagements précis et mesurables du titulaire de l'autorisation en vue d'améliorer le service rendu au patient et de renforcer l'efficacité de sa gestion par une meilleure utilisation de ses ressources et le développement d'outils de gestion. Le contrat peut prévoir des actions d'accompagnement et des mesures d'intéressement aux résultats constatés.
| 214 |
https://github.com/Rembane/lemmingpants/blob/master/frontend/src/Components/Admin/SpeakerQueue.purs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,018 |
lemmingpants
|
Rembane
|
PureScript
|
Code
| 1,127 | 2,824 |
module Components.Admin.SpeakerQueue where
import Prelude
import Affjax.StatusCode (StatusCode(..))
import Data.Array as A
import Data.HTTP.Method (Method(..))
import Data.Lens (filtered, preview, traversed, view)
import Data.Maybe (Maybe(Just, Nothing), maybe)
import Data.Newtype (class Newtype)
import Effect.Aff (Aff)
import FormHelpers (FieldError, fieldScaffolding, isInt, isNonEmpty, setFocus)
import Formless as F
import Halogen as H
import Halogen.HTML as HH
import Halogen.HTML.Events as HE
import Halogen.HTML.Properties as HP
import Postgrest (createURL)
import Postgrest as PG
import Simple.JSON (class WriteForeign)
import Types.Attendee (Attendee(..), AttendeeDB, getAttendeeByNumber)
import Types.Flash as FL
import Types.Speaker as S
import Types.SpeakerQueue (SpeakerQueue(..), _Speakers, _Speaking)
import Types.Token (Token)
type State =
{ agendaItemId :: Int
, speakerQueue :: SpeakerQueue
, token :: Token
, attendees :: AttendeeDB
, sqHeight :: Int
}
data Query a
= PushSQ a
| PopSQ a
| Formless (F.Message' Form) a
| Next a
| Eject a
| Delete Int a
| GotNewState State a
type ChildQuery = F.Query' Form Aff
data Message
= Flash (Maybe FL.Flash)
newtype Form r f = Form (r
( id :: f FieldError String Int
))
derive instance newtypeForm :: Newtype (Form r f) _
component :: H.Component HH.HTML Query State Message Aff
component =
H.parentComponent
{ initialState: identity
, render
, eval
, receiver: HE.input GotNewState
}
where
render :: State -> H.ParentHTML Query ChildQuery Unit Aff
render {attendees, speakerQueue, sqHeight} =
HH.div
[ HP.id_ "speakerhandling-container" ]
[ HH.div
[ HP.id_ "speaker-col" ]
[ HH.p_
[ HH.strong_ [ HH.text "Speaking: " ]
, HH.text
(maybe
"–"
(S.visualizeSpeaker attendees)
(preview (_Speakers <<< _Speaking) speakerQueue))
]
, HH.table
[ HP.id_ "attendee-table" ]
[ HH.thead_
[ HH.tr_
[ HH.th
[ HP.class_ (HH.ClassName "id") ]
[ HH.text "ID" ]
, HH.th [ HP.id_ "name" ] [ HH.text "Name" ]
, HH.th
[ HP.class_ (HH.ClassName "numspoken")
, HP.title ("Number of times spoken")
]
[ HH.text "#" ]
, HH.th [ HP.id_ "delcol" ] [ HH.text " " ]
]
]
, HH.tbody_
(A.fromFoldable (map
(\s@(S.Speaker {attendeeId, id, timesSpoken}) ->
(let (SpeakerQueue {speakerAdded}) = speakerQueue
in if Just s == speakerAdded
then HH.tr [ HP.class_ $ HH.ClassName "speaker-added" ]
else HH.tr_
) [ HH.td
[ HP.class_ (HH.ClassName "id") ]
[ HH.text (show attendeeId) ]
, HH.td_
[ HH.text (S.visualizeSpeaker attendees s) ]
, HH.td
[ HP.class_ (HH.ClassName "numspoken") ]
[ HH.text (show timesSpoken) ]
, HH.td_ [ HH.button [ HE.onClick (HE.input_ (Delete id)) ] [ HH.text "X" ] ]
])
(A.dropWhile (\(S.Speaker {state}) -> state == S.Active) $ view _Speakers speakerQueue)))
]
]
, HH.div
[ HP.id_ "speaker-button-col" ]
[ HH.p_ [ HH.text ("Stack height: " <> show sqHeight) ]
, HH.ul_
[ HH.li_ [ HH.button [ HE.onClick (HE.input_ PushSQ) ] [ HH.text "Push speakerqueue" ] ]
, HH.li_
[ HH.button
[ HE.onClick (HE.input_ PopSQ)
, if sqHeight <= 1
then HP.disabled true
else HP.disabled false
]
[ HH.text "Pop speakerqueue" ]
]
]
, HH.ul
[ HP.class_ (HH.ClassName "with-top-margin") ]
[ HH.li_ [ HH.button [ HE.onClick (HE.input_ Eject) ] [HH.text "Eject current speaker"] ]
, HH.li_ [ HH.button [ HE.onClick (HE.input_ Next) ] [HH.text "Next speaker"] ]
]
, HH.slot
unit
F.component
{ initialInputs, validators, render: renderFormless }
(HE.input Formless)
]
]
where
proxy = F.FormProxy :: F.FormProxy Form
initialInputs :: Form Record F.InputField
initialInputs = F.mkInputFields proxy
validators :: Form Record (F.Validation Form Aff)
validators = Form
{ id: isInt <<< isNonEmpty }
renderFormless :: F.State Form Aff -> F.HTML' Form Aff
renderFormless s =
HH.form
[ HE.onSubmit (HE.input_ F.submit) ]
[ fieldScaffolding "Speaker ID"
[ HH.input
[ HP.value $ F.getInput r.id s.form
, HE.onValueInput $ HE.input $ F.setValidate r.id
, HP.type_ HP.InputNumber
, HP.required true
, HP.autocomplete false
, HP.id_ "id"
]
]
, HH.p_
[ HH.input
[ HP.type_ HP.InputSubmit
, HP.value "Add speaker"
]
]
]
where
r = F.mkSProxies proxy
eval :: Query ~> H.ParentDSL State Query ChildQuery Unit Message Aff
eval =
case _ of
PushSQ next ->
H.raise (Flash Nothing)
*> H.get >>= \{agendaItemId} ->
ajaxHelper
"/speaker_queue"
POST
{ agenda_item_id: agendaItemId
, state: "active" }
201
"PushSQ -- ERROR! Got a HTTP response we didn't expect! See the console for more information."
*> focusId
*> pure next
PopSQ next ->
H.raise (Flash Nothing)
*> H.get >>= \{speakerQueue} ->
let (SpeakerQueue {id}) = speakerQueue
in ajaxHelper
("/speaker_queue?id=eq." <> show id)
PATCH
{ state: "done" }
204
"PopSQ -- ERROR! Got a HTTP response we didn't expect! See the console for more information."
*> focusId
*> pure next
Formless m next ->
H.raise (Flash Nothing)
*> H.get
>>= \({attendees, speakerQueue, token}) ->
case m of
F.Submitted formOutput -> do
let form = F.unwrapOutputFields formOutput
case getAttendeeByNumber form.id attendees of
Nothing ->
H.raise $ Flash $ Just $ FL.mkFlash ("Couldn't find attendee with number: " <> show form.id) FL.Error
Just (Attendee a) ->
H.liftAff (PG.emptyResponse
(createURL "/speaker")
token
POST
{ speaker_queue_id: let (SpeakerQueue {id}) = speakerQueue in id
, attendee_id: a.id
})
>>= \{status} ->
case status of
StatusCode 201 -> -- The `Created` HTTP status code.
H.query unit (H.action F.resetAll) $> unit
StatusCode 409 -> -- We can only have a visible speaker once per speaker queue.
H.raise $ Flash $ Just $ FL.mkFlash "I'm sorry, but you cannot add a speaker while it still is in the speaker queue." FL.Error
_ ->
H.raise $ Flash $ Just $ FL.mkFlash "SpeakerQueue.FormMsg -- ERROR! Got a HTTP response we didn't expect! See the console for more information." FL.Error
pure next
_ -> pure next
*> focusId
*> pure next
Next next -> do
H.raise (Flash Nothing)
{speakerQueue} <- H.get
case preview (_Speakers <<< traversed <<< filtered (\(S.Speaker {state}) -> state /= S.Active)) speakerQueue of
Nothing -> pure unit
Just (S.Speaker {id}) -> do
ajaxHelper
"/rpc/set_current_speaker"
POST
{ id: id }
200
"SpeakerQueue.Next -- ERROR! Got a HTTP response we didn't expect! See the console for more information."
focusId
pure next
Eject next -> do
H.raise (Flash Nothing)
{speakerQueue} <- H.get
case preview (_Speakers <<< _Speaking) speakerQueue of
Nothing -> pure unit
Just (S.Speaker {id}) -> do
ajaxHelper
("/speaker?id=eq." <> show id)
PATCH
{ state: "done" }
204
"SpeakerQueue.Eject -- ERROR! Got a HTTP response we didn't expect! See the console for more information."
focusId
pure next
Delete id_ next -> do
H.raise (Flash Nothing)
ajaxHelper
("/speaker?id=eq." <> show id_)
PATCH
{ state: "deleted" }
204
"SpeakerQueue.Delete -- ERROR! Got a HTTP response we didn't expect! See the console for more information."
focusId
pure next
GotNewState s next ->
H.put s *> pure next
focusId = H.liftEffect (setFocus "id")
ajaxHelper
:: forall r
. WriteForeign r
=> String
-> Method
-> r
-> Int
-> String
-> H.ParentDSL State Query ChildQuery Unit Message Aff Unit
ajaxHelper partialUrl method dta code msg = do
{token} <- H.get
{status} <- H.liftAff $ PG.emptyResponse
(createURL partialUrl)
token
method
dta
if status == StatusCode code
then pure unit
else H.raise $ Flash $ Just $ FL.mkFlash msg FL.Error
| 25,061 |
bpt6k6219495m_2
|
French-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
Journal officiel de la République française
|
None
|
French
|
Spoken
| 7,738 | 12,685 |
l'Est de l'apport fait par elle du imatérle et des dépenses de toute nature faite che, j l'entretien que pour l'exploitation ® compris la gare de Vassy (pour la V rj é0 combe à la ligne de Doutevant) et l'ollr le, com b e à la ligne de Doulevant) et },u M factions de toutes sortes qui seront r»,, pendant la durée de l'exploitation, eaect>$ 65 p. 100 des recettes brutes, sanf vement puisse être inférieur «; mètre exploité. 1JI,!!' Art. 4. Les dépenses relatives au ¡B.f. tions et agrandissements nécessite' v^ iiy., loppement du trafic dans les garc8 Vassy à Doulevant resteront axe M. charge de cette société. trepr¡s.eDi Ces travaux ne peuvent être eYa socié, I consentement des délégués de 18 5 tij cière. '1' V'eJI1ell Jj' jj ;.| Art. 5. — Le montant des pré_ l^t e .meOt;! jIi à l'article 3 ei-dessus sera efleetll JJtfaJISé pagnie de l'Est sur les recettes ce or effet dans sa caisse. En cas d'insuffisance des reC ntffl8 vrir le minimum de 5,000 fr. Par ifiio^i' frais d'entretien et d'exploitation, jft sI I; j Doulevant devra rembourser ade , I :'>■ l'Est, dans un délai maximum de g $ >■ j : avec intérêts à 5 p. 100, les som eOsf: ré sera débitrice. IJ, coV'-' l Il est réservé toutefois que t entres jJ'. if'' s'opérera toujours de plein dr°l;lt eut1" il mes que la société de Doulevan1" .eVrr8 y à 1^'l le df .yl pagnie de l'Est et les excéda» t à j» ,,~ disponibles revenant ultérieure ttel,, ci6té.cap £ tÇf lv* Art. 6. La compagnie de Luiev^/ compte de la ligne de Vassy a^tur0 talité des recettes de toutes <dans l'exploitation do cette IJg déO!tlre'tte5.,r La société concessionnaire des de la constatation du chiffre a tuées, s'en rapporter entlére{!Èsr, dP Jïiï tenues par la compagnie de ! Yrati011 «ss'1»'' aux prescriptions de l'adn'i. r". VSf écritures dont la compagn.10 pourra faire prendre connais^flC8 p j présentants. le pf~M~. Art. 7. Deux mois aP^t ^pr^u <f ,| tre d'exploitation do chaque eerci^Ï J' l • m $ ■ gnie de l'Est versera à la soC l'excédant disponible des reco p if semestre, après prélèvemeut eSpo9b(~' 1° Des frais d'exploitation oorr eS f semestre, soit 65 p. 100 des recett. Jii au minimum 2,500 fr. par k'^ié a 20 Des sommes que la s0 [ , II « 9"in. JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE 12367 ~urrait l, ui devoir nour M „™,^0 ,, "Qrrait lli devoir pour les exercices antér Les cOIl1 rOUt fà111 deuxième semestre ne donneront giflés o lin règlement provisoire; ils set04t tUn règlemeQt provisoire; ils seLQltifs d es, en IDeme temps que les comptes C 't cOrn e l'exercice. tnples Pllgnle de l'Est après l'apurement des les dechamqV,e exercice, arrêtera le solde iti , soit 13 la recette nette qu'elle aura à V, al*8opi4?A cOIîeessionnaire, soit du déficit rép rt. 0aUra à lUI réclamer. Art 8• résent tr~aité aura la môme durée que la concession des chemins de fer de ®nt traité aura Ia nîôme duï'W CV #? Plra eScon £ 0^810? des chemins de fer de CO le 26 novembre 1954. Il se ^r,Mau 2at Pdae r ?F.°Vns/ésilié d9 droit dans 10 cas Art.9 de l, Etat des lignes concédees a la r 1 ^st La Société financière devant être '^ot^Par UbIle compagnie anonyme aussitôt nQ pagllie oht^ie' il est entendu que cette >PaL£ l.e anonv®Vera substituée à la société AS les elfet aIldt activement que passivement, ^«li 1nelïets e» u présent traité. ,.4rti"°Lp, „°t?ieSlatl0ns qui pourraient surV ire les parties contractantes pour l'exédes clauses du présent traité, seront jugées par trois arbitres qm ^Seront ensemble et Par tr titre ^me amiabIes compositeurs, i! NÏS? &>êm î'nfment et 'a^s apPel ni recours. iSÏ^es s' appel ni recours. part. les s'entendront pour la nomination Je/ont noms et, en cas de contestation, ceuxuSerom noiûmés Pn|i président du tribunal :i!e,cet effet e la Seine. ta les parties font élection de domifi?|egô soS ®® chemins de fer de l'Est, à l~g~ soc rue et place de Strasbourg, à Et la société financière, à Paris, rue du Goly|| e financière. à Paris, rue du ColyArt .11 L e s i» enregistrement despréS'il fnïo £ enregistrement des préa W i&iî]a iy société' ^?nt exclusivement à la Aft. La rla Vassy à Doulevant. 1. L a presente convention né sera va|Nu'^ après Son pprobatioa : ! la ar l'asse rn. n}stre des travaux publics; ['QSS lé des actionnaires E,;t ^it double à Paris, le 13 juillet 1876. 8«intB-c, ; Sainte-Claire Deville, Reille, A. (.le rf1;!Vram,K Tieille, A. de 1 Cessioa *.^3 CHARGES Il DOU110n d'un chemin de fer do Vassy 4° n°u!evant iie.-CrhhaAtteau (Eaute-ïïarne). TITRE 1er 1 ACt.; ET INSTRUCTION 'I¡ 1' e. ^fC-°4ÏÏSeconcessionnaîre de la le fer Partira de Ia Sare les USinr a Salnt-DIZler. entendue, Passera C de Bro , M^t-le.r ¡~s '— Les au* lra à ou près ""Y'luydevront être commencés detl,018 IX-huit artir nl°!S' et termiués dans M ^Ppro,, n lamvP de la date de la ,~ r~~ a présente concession. ~P~~ËXP h8 pourra être entreM4 l'étw1111 issement J,ï du chemin de fer et îatlces, l'autorisation de autorisation de stlp,,P-rieure A cet effet, les pro! i6"1 iS(]°^s ^l9! Vr^nx t à exécuter seront dresi)Xi^Xpédition ?pt Soumis à l'approbaM 6 teiili1o e> m • du ministre , qUI prescrira, s'il Y a lieu, d'y introduire telles modifications que de droit : le vi^ ^, remise aux condemeurera entre les es maino A ministre ; 1 autre Ptra tlltre es maIns de l'administration. fni0iHiïiq pendant 1,,e? tion, les contf'%>S&nesa>ir. I0nt la fL l'exécution. les conM ~s~,~ de proposer aux 1IS e "lodificatioris ne pourront A^f,:st ration SoPér'eure. l'approlDatiou de ^ir^So Art.4.Les concessionnaires pourront prenrt rle" to, lg Plans nivellemeiits et 5letlt nVrir été antérieurement v Le tl» racé et i" Ce et le profil du chemin de fer seront arrêtés sur la production de projets d ensemble comprenant, pour la ligne entière ou pour chaque section de la ligne: 1° Un plan général à l'échelle de 1/10000-; 2° Un profil en long à l'échelle de 1/50008 pour les longueurs et de 1/1000. pour les hauteur dont les cotes-seront rapportées au niveau moyen de la mer, pris pour point de comparaison. Audessous de ce profil, on indiquera, au moyen de trois lignes horizontales disposées à cet effet, sa voir: Les distances kilométriques du chemin de fer, comptées à partir de son origine; La longueur et l'inclinaison de chaque pente ou rampe ; La longueur des parties droites et le développement des parties courbes du tracé, en faisant connaître le rayon correspondant kà chacune de ces dernières; 3° Un certain nombre de profils en travers, y compris le profil-type de la voie : 4° Un mémoire dans lequel seront justifiées toutes les dispositions essentielles du projet et un devis descriptif dans lequel seront reproduites, sous forme de tableaux, les indications relatives aux déclivités et aux courbes déjà données sur le profil en long. La position des gares et stations projetées celle des cours d'eau et des voies de communication traversés par le chemin de fer, des passages, soit à niveau, soit en dessus, soit en des. sous de la voie ferrée, devront être indiquées tant sur le plan que sur le profil en long; le tout sans préjudice des projets à fournir pour chacun de ces ouvrages. Art. 6. — Les terrains pourront être acquis et les ouvrages d'art pourront être exécutés pour une voie seulement. Les concessionnaires seront tenus, d'ailleurs d'établir la deuxième voie, soit sur la totalité du chemin, soit sur les parties qui leur seront désignées, lorsque l'insuffisance d'une seule voie, par suite du développement de la circulation, aura été constatée par l'administration. Les terrains, Acquis par les concessionnaires pour l'établissement de la seconde voie, ne pourront recevoir une autre destination. Art. 7. — La largeur de la voie entre les bords intérieurs des rails devra être de 1 mètre 44 à 1 mètre 45. Dans les parties à deux voies,la largeur de l'entrevoie,:mesurée entre les bords extérieurs des rails, sera de 2 mètres. , La largeur des accotements, c'est-à-dire ded parties comprises de chaque côté entre le bord extérieur du rail et l'arrête supérieure du ballast, sera de 1 mètre au moins. On ménagera, au pied de chaque talus du ballast une banquette de 50 centimètres de largeur. Les concessionnaires établiront le long du chemin de fer les fossés ou rigoles qui seront jugés nécessaires pour l'assèchement de la voie et pour l'écoulement des eaux. Les dimensions de ces fossés et rigoles seront déterminées par l'administration, suivant les circonstances locales, sur les propositions des concessionnaires. Art. 8. Les alignements seront raccordés entre eux par des courbes dont le rayon ne pourra être inférieur à 250 mètres. Le maximum de l'inclinaison des pentes et rampes est fixé à 20 millimètres par mètre. Une partie horizontale tle 100 mètres au moins devra être ménagée entre deux fortes déclivités consécutives, lorsque ces déclivités se succéderont en sens contraire et de manière à verser leurs eaux au même point. Les déclivités correspondant aux courbes de faible rayon devront être réduites autant que faire se pourra. Les concessionnaires auront la faculté de proposer aux dispositions de cet article et à celles de l'article précédent les modifications qui leur paraîtraient utiles; mais ces modifications ne pourront être exécutées que moyennant l'approbation préalable de l'administration supérieure. Art. 9. — Il y aura deux voies à chaque station et arrêt; Le nombre, l'emplacement et l'étendue des stations de voyageurs et des gares de marchandise, seront également déterminés par l'administration, sur les propositions des concessionnaires après une enquête spéciale. Les concessionnaires seront tenus, préalablement à tout commencement d'exécution de soumettre à l'administration le projet desdites gares lequel se composera : 1° D'un plan à l'échelle de 1/500', indiquant les voies, les qua. is, les bâtiments et leur distribution intérieure, ainsi que la distribution de leurs abords; 2° D'une élévation des bâtiments à l'échelle de un centimètre par mètre; 3° D'un mémoire descriptif dans lequel les dispositions essentielles du projet seront justifié es. Art. 10. — Les croisements à niveau seront tolérés pour les routes nationales ou départementales, et les chemins vicinaux, ruraux ou. particuliers. Art. 11. — Lorsque le chemin de fer devra passer au-dessus d'une route nationale ou départementale ou d'un chemin vicinal, l'ouverture» du viaduc sera fixée par l'administration, en tenant compte des circonstances locales; mais cette ouverture ne pourra, dans aucun cas, être inférieure à 8 mètres pour la route nationale, à 7 mètres pour la route départementale, à 5 mètres pour un chemin vicinal de grande communication et à 4 mètres pour un simple chemin vicinal. Ponr les viaducs de forme cintrée, la hauteur sous clef a partir du sol do la route sera de à mètres. Pour ceux qui seront formés de poutres horizontales en bois ou en fer, la hauteur sous poutre sera de 4 mètres 30 centimètres aumoins4 La largeur entre les parapets sera au moins de 4 mètres 50 centimètres. La hauteur de ces parapets sera fixée par l'administration et ne pourra, dans aucun cas, être inférieure à 80 centimètres. Art. 12. — Pour les parties à double voie, l'ouverture des ponts entre les culées sera au moins de 8 mètres, et la distance verticale méeagée au-dessus des rails extérieurs de chaque voie pour le passage des trains, ne sera pas intérieure a 4 mètres 80 centimètres au moins. Pour les parties à une seule voie, l'ouverture entre les culées sera de 4 mètres 50 centimè tres. Art. 13. — Dans le cas où des routes nationales ou départementales ou des chemins vicinaux, ruraux on particuliers seraient traversés à leur niveau par le chemin de fer, les rails devront être posés sans aucune saillie ni dépression sur la surface de ces routes, et de telle sorte qu'il n'en résulte aucune gêne pour la circulation des voitures. Le croisement à niveau du chemin de fer et des routes ne pourra s'effectuer sous un angla moins de 45 degrés. Chaque passage à niveau sera muni de barrière; il y sera, en outre, établi une maison de garde toutes les fois que l'utilité en sera reconnue par l'administration. La compagnie devra soumettre à l'approba* tion de l'administration les projets-types de ces barrières. Art. 14. — Lorsqu'il y aura lieu de modifier 1 emplacement ou le profil des routes existantes. 1 inclinaison des pentes et rampes sur les routes modifiées ne pourra excéder 3 centimètres par mètre pour les routes nationales ou départementales et 5 centimètres pour les chemins vicinaux. L administration restera libre toutefois d'apprécier les circonstances qui pourraient motiverune dérogation a cette clause, comme à celle qui est relative a 1 angle de croisement des passagee à niveau. Art; 15. Les concessionnaires seront tenus ae retabhr et d'assurer à leurs frais l'écoulement de toutes les eaux dont le cours serait arrêté, suspendu ou modifié par leurs travaux, et de prendre les mesures nécessaires pour prévenir l'insalubrité pouvant résulter des chambres d emprunt. Les viaducs à construire à la rencontre des rivières, des canaux et des cours d'eau quelconques auront au moins, entre les parapets, 4m50 de largeur. La hauteur de ces parapets sera, fixée par l'administration et ne pourra être infé, rieure à 0m 80. La hauteur et le débouché du viaduc seront déterminées, dans chaque cas particulier, par l'administration, suivant les circonstances locales. Art. 16. — Les souterrains à établir pour le passage du chemin de fer pourront n'avoir que 4m 50 de largeur entre les pieds droits au niveau des rails et 5m50 de hauteur sjus clef au-dessus de la surface des rails. Art. 17. — A la rencontre des cours d'eau flottables ou navigables, les concessionnaires seront tenus de prendre toutes les mesures et de paver y tous les frais nécessaires pour que le service "de la navigation ou du flottage n'éprouve ni interruption, ni entrave pendant l'exécution des travaux. A la rencontre des routes nationales et départementales et autres chemins publics, il sera construit des chemins et ponts provisoires, par les soins et aux frais des concessionnaires, partout où cela sera jugé nécessaire, pour que la circulation n'éprouve ni interruption, ni gêne. Avant que les communications existantes puis. sent être interceptées, une reconnaissance sera faite par les ingénieurs de la localité, à l'effet de constater si les ouvrages provisoires présentent une solidité suffisante et s'ils peuvent assurer le service de la circulation. Un délai sera fixé par l'administration pour l'exécution des travaux définitifs destinés à rétablir les communications interceptées. Art. 18. — Les concessionnaires n'emploieront, dans l'exécution des ouvrages, que des matériaux de bonne qualité ; ils seront tenus de se conformer à toutes les règles de l'art, de manière à obtenir une construction parfaitement solide. Tous les aqueducs, ponceaux, ponts et viaducs à construire à la rencontre des divers cours d'eau et des chemins publics ou particuliers seront en maçonnerie ou en fer, sauf les cas d'exception qui pourront être admis par l'administration. Art. 19. — Les voies seront établies d'une mà-nière solide et avec des matériaux de bonne qualité.. Le poids des rails sera au moins de 25 kilogrammes par mètre courant sur les voies de circulation, que ces rails soient posés sur traverses ou sur longrines. Art. 20. — Le chemin de fer sera séparé des propriétés riveraines par des murs, haies ou toute'autre clôture, dont le mode et la disposition seront autorisés par l'administration, sur la proposition de la compagnie. Art. 21. — Tous les terrains nécessaires pour l'établissement du chemin de fer et de ses dépendances, pour la déviation des voies de communication et des cours d'eau déplacés, et, en général, pour l'exécution des travaux quels qu'ils soient, auxquels cet établissement pourra donner lieu, seront achetés et payés par les concessionnaires. Les indemnités pour occupation temporaire ou pour détérioration de terrains, pour chômage, modification ou destruction d'usines et pour tous dommages quelconques résultant des travaux, seront supportées et payées par les concessionnaires. Art. 22. — L'entreprise étant d'utilité publique, les concessionnaires sont investis, pour l'exécution des travaux dépendant de leur concession, de tous les droits que les lois et règlements confèrent à l'administration en matière de travaux publics, soit pour l'acquisition des terrains par voie d'expropriation, soit pour l'extraction, le transport et le dépôt des terres, matériaux, etc., et ils demeurent, en même temps, soumis à toutes les obligations qui dérivent, pour l'administration, de ces lois et règlements. Art. 23. — Dans les limites de la zone frontière et dans le rayon de servitude des enceintes fortifiées, les concessionnaires seront tenus, pour l'élude et l'exécution de leurs projet, de se soumettre à l'accomplissement de toutes les formalités et de toutes les conditions exigées par les lois, décrets et règlements concernant les travaux mixtes. Art. 24. — Si la ligne du chemin de 1er traverse un sol déjà concédé pour l'exploitation d'une mine, l'administration déterminera les mesu'es à prendre pour que l'établissement du chemin de fer ne nuise pas à l'exploitation de la mine, et réciproquement, pour que, le cas échéant, l'exploitation de la mine ne compromette pas l'existence du chemin de fer. Les travaux de consolidation à faire dans l'in. térieur de la mine, à raison de la traversée du chemin de fer et tous les dommages résultant de cette traversée pour les concessionnaires de la mine seront à la charge des concessionnaires du chemin de fer. , Art. 25. — Si le chemin de fer doit s etendre sur des terrains renfermant des carrières ou les traverser souterrainement, il ne pourra être livré à la circulation avant que les excavations qui pourraient en compromettre la solidité n aient été remblayées ou consolidées. L'administration déterminera la nature et l'étendue des travaux qu'il conviendra d'entreprendre à cet enet et qui seront, d'ail!eurs, exécutés par les soins et aux frais des concessionnaires.. Art. 26. — Pour l'exécution des travaux, les concessionnaires se soumettront aux décisions ministérielljs concernant l'interdiction, du travail les dimanches et jours fériés. Art. 27. — Les travaux exécutés seront sous le ) contrôle et la surveillance de l'administration. Les travaux devront être adjugés par lots et sur séries de prix, soit avec publicité et concurrence, soit sur soumissions cachetées entre entrepreneurs agréés à l'avance, à moins que le conseil d'administration de la société anonyme, qui aura été constituée en vertu de la loi du 24 juillet 1877, n'ait été spécialement autorisé par l'assemblée générale des actionnaires, à les faire exécuter en régie ou à traiter directement de leur exécution. Tout marché général, soit à forfait, soit sur séries de prix pour l'ensemble du chemin de fer, est, dans tous les cas, formellement interdit. Le contrôle et la surveillance de l'administration auront pour objet d'empêcher les concessionnaires de s'écarter des dispositions prescrites par le présent cahier des charges et spécialement par le présent article, et de celles qui résulteront des projets approuvés. Art. 28. A mesure que les travaux seront terminés sur des parties de chemin de fer susceptibles d'être livrées utilement à la circulation, il sera procédé, sur la demande des concessionnaires, à la reconnaissance et, s'il y a lieu, à la réception poovisoire de ces travaux par un ou plusieurs commissaires que l'administration désignera. Sur le vu du procès-verbal do cette reconnaissance, l'administration autorisera, s'il y a. lieu, la mise en exploitation des parties dont il s'agit ; après cette autorisation, les concessionnaires pourront mettre lesdites parties en service et y percevoir les taxes ci-après déterminées. Toutefois, ces réceptions partielles ne deviendront définitives que par la réception générale et définitive du chemin de fer. Art. 29. — Après l'achèvement total des travaux et dans le délai qui sera fixé par l'administration, les concessionnaires feront faire à leurs frais un bornage contradictoire et un plan cadastral du chemin de fer et de ses dépendances. Ils feront dresser, également à leurs frais et contradictoirement avec l'administration, un état descriptif de tous les ouvrages d'art qui auront été exécutés, ledit état accompagné d'un atlas contenant les dessins cotés de tous lesdits ouvrages. Une expédition dûment certifiée des procèsverbaux de bornage, du plan cadastral, de l'état descripttf et de l'atlas sera dressée aux frais des. concessionnaires et déposée dans les archives du ministère. Les terrains acquis par les , concessionnaires postérieurement au bornage général, en vue de satisfaire aux besoins de l'exploitation, et qui, par cela même, deviendront partie intégrante du chemin de fer, donneront lieu, au fur et à mesure de leur acquisition, à des bornages supplémentaires et seront ajoutés sur le plan cadastral; addition sera également faite sur l'atlas de tous les ouvrages d'art exécutés postérieurement à sa rédaction. TITRE H ENTRETIEN ET EXPLOITATION Art. 30. — Le chemin de fer et toutes les dépendances seront constamment entretenus en bon état, de manière que la circulation y soit toujours facile et sûre. Les frais d'entretien et ceux auxquels donneront lieu les réparations ordinaires et extraordinaires seront entièremdht à la charge des concessionnaires. Si le chemin de fer, une, fois achevé, n'est pas constamment entretenu en bon état, il sera pourvu office à la diligence de l'administration et aux frais des concessionnaires, sans préjudice, s'il y a lieu, de l'application des dispositions indiquées ci-après dans l'article 4U. Le montant des avances laites sera recouvré au moyen de rôles que le prétet rendra exécutoires. Art. 31. — Les concessionnaires seront tenus, d'établir à leurs frais, partout où besoin sera, des gardiens en nombre suffisant, pour assurer la sécurité du passage des trains sur la voie et celle de la circulation ordinaire sur les points où le chemin de fer sera traversé à niveau par des routes ou chemins. Art. 32. — Les machines locomotives seront construites sur les meilleurs modèles ; elles devront consumer leur fumée et satisfaire d'ail leurs à toutes les cond!tions prescrites ou à prescrire par l'administration pour la mise en service de ce genre de machines. Les voitures de voyageurs devront également être faites d'après les meilleurs modèles et saa tisfaire à toutes les conditions réglejj9 gier pour les voitures servant au trans.1 voyageurs sar les chemins de fer. 111 suspendues sur ressorts et garons "1 quettes. , Il y en aura de trois classes.. au D10ID$r' J 1° Les voitures de première classe s8..es | vertes, garnies, fermées à glac s deaux ; t cou' 2° Celles de deuxième classe ser_on _,(■ co^ fermées à glaces, munies de rideaux ett m des banquettes remboursées ; -fe 3° Celles do 38 classé seront cou„veQri teSi^ ^rau à vitres, munies soit de rideaux, SOl sier siennes, et auront des banquettes a dossiers et les banquettes devront ^6lî £ j( et les dossiers seront élevés a la j tête des voyageurs. itJ).BIJ L'intérieur de chacun des coj™nflPart$e!3 toute classe contiendra l'indicatif de places de ce compartiment. n co*J L'administration pourra exiger m timent de chaque classe soit re* vofl trains de voyageurs, aux fern® seules. oIlS Les voitures de voyageurs, la? nés au transport des marchandises, de poste, des chevaux ou des best1® l03Pj, formes, et en général toutes les p tériel roulant seront de bonne et 50lido 00 tion. ,out Les concessionnaires seront en service de ce-matériel, de ,j tous les règlements sur la matière'd erS, v Les machines locomotives, tender-es iol wagons de toute espèce, platessant le matériel roulant, aérons C entretenus en bon état. «t entretenus en bon état. ,. iiliS Art. 33. Des règlements * A'aû&ï0 s publiuqe, rendus après que les p auront été entendus, détermineront r 8,55 et les dispositions nécessaires P." police et l'exploitation du chemin tlÎ eP que la conservation des ouvrages h j dent. a «1< Toutes les dépenses qu'entrai"" nera ce des mesures prescrites en vertil egsio~. a ments seront à la charge des vepSSioQc°*LL Les concessionnaires seront i ug d® sj tioo. tid tre à l'approbation de l'adininis .,eXploi» i ments relatifs au service et a l.e chemin de fer. , dnnS! Les règlements dont il s'agit. jatO¡fB¡ paragraphes précédents ser0 seulement pour les concession, paires» sÊ ja core pour tous ceux qui obt}1en rement l autorlsatipn d'établir u de or 'mins de fer débranchement ie^ Rj| ment, et, en général, pour to.ate os qui emprunteraient 1 usage u" proP -a Le ministre déterminera, sur la Pt1la':l. a la compagnie, le minimum et le etdeJlla jm vitpsse des convois de voYO98 urs et à dises et des convois spéciaux ^eS p"' ■ que la durée du trajet. for Art. 34. Pour tout ce de '61 tien et les réparations du clie ses dépendances, l'entretien J service de rexploitation, les. cin cossio ront soumis au contrôle st a a..J. l'administration. l'a' Outre la surveillance ord,:Trinjre, nuS g po * tion déléguera, aussi souvent c^ ru'el1 9 utile, un ou plusieurs c°mnii= a v naître et constater l'état due a ses dépendances et du matétle » TITRE III jM Ji'" DURÉE, RACHAT ET DÉCHÉANCE plS Jk d lit llGAès Art. 35. — La conemsion 0 1EL née à l'article 1er du présent t"elp. est faite pour une période , i mencera à courir de la date qui M l'utilité publique des travaux e te le 23 décembre 19G7. n0'ir Art. 36. A l'époque « ﻫ| de là concession, et par le ~yf~~8~ piration, le GouvernementN, les droits des coricessioanz'-" os su, fer et ses dépenùa.ncea.,feL il e CSplO temeut eu jouissance de ton geS pj £ ■ I.re:¡ concussionnaires scrqnt Je cîle mettre en bon éLat d'entiet à pe~6 et tous les immeubles qUI « les ~~M qu'en soit l'origine, tpls fil ies,. gares et stations, les remi^ 'aSçr les maisons de garde, etc. e epdllP iit tous les objets mobiliers d l e0p(j»■j lB dudit chemin, tels que les JJ eg lOieR v°ies iJian.gemenls de voies, plaques tourJi ^tes, fLpoirs d'eau, grues hydrauliques,mabans xes, ®tc. tant le t les Ctnq dernières années qui précédele ter nte e 6 *a concession, le Gouvernement 'r et de f°lt de saisir les revenus du chemin de rlfet de ipa einployer à rétablir en bon état le chemin de f er et ses dépendances, si les concessj?®aires n lf se mettaient pas en mesure de satisfaire t'elnemeut et entièrement à cette obliQ ce Q• obliEn ce qui concerne les objets mobiliers, tels 6 roi-,Iaili) les matériaux, combusfk et anPnr°visionnements de tout genre, te mobilier des e,:>, statIons, l'outillage des ateliers et gare t Sera tenu, si les concessionnaires ? re' 1.Etat sera tenu, si les concessionnaires le requièrent de reprendre tous ces objets !t»5', et tfwn qui en sera faite à dire d'exet r f,'clllrotiuem--ent, si l'Etat le requiert, les concessionnaires seront tenus de les céder b 10lltefo1 e ?~re. f~efo~' e l Etat ne pourra être tenu de reprendre que les approvisionnements nécessaires à l'exploitation du chemin pendant six mois.. C5 A37. JJa Voute époque, après l'expiration Prernière,3 années de la concession, le rtirrallt aura la faculté de racheter la POU, concession entière du chemin do fer. relèvera les pj111, ré?]p_ le prix du rachat, on relèvera les ^é'.î8 nets annuels obtenus par les concesIres p elidatit les sept années qui auront ''4ii °ellp A le rachat sera effectué ;oa en : tlQQées, et l'on •fi1}3 nets des deux plus faibles tre$anaé a le produit net moyen des ProdLllt ^îL^uité nsoyen formera le montant ~t~a.ire~ sera due et payée aux conVicaire* nDt chacune des années resJWCo'Jrir q?Z,«h i (?ur6e de la concession. ,f W ? » aucUn ras, 10 montant do l'annuité ne i, ^i, ^ieurn., Produit net de la dernière des années prises Pour terme de comparai1^3 SïjflrSio°naires. recevront, en outre,.dans Our, mois q L" vivront le rachat, les rem? la Diuxquels ils auraient droit à l'ex-. ta s, conceSSiOn, suivant l'article 30 cila ns tou 1 tIls les "19 où il serait fait concession à ]i nûavelIes lignes de chemins do f i Suk «ouveP' r Q é le V £ e du droit qui lui est resc"lt article de racheter la *n(ler ,W i concessionnaires pouri; )~ '~ou~ les l'goes dont la concession ,.,: LSt?a moin« 6 quitlzo ans, soient évaluées, leur pro1u:ts nets, mais d'après ■ M oVéet d réel Si Pl tJUller elablissement. '|?2 les Conoessionnaire3 n'ont pas K les trivn dans le délai flxé par l'articles 2 ils seront déchus de plein droit, sans qu'il Ge 'a^!e. û°Wication ou mise endel déPoSée a. f°mme de 45,000 francs qui :' l'E rIe tJUsera dit à l'article 63, f État eiit, deviendra la propriété :: a' et res vrt-3q sera. acquise au Trésor pu1es"t/l.J^ar les concessionnaires da. a»^aux dans le délai fixé ,par ^ent '^ationo Par eux d'avoir rempli les ? tiQcl¡é<lt¡nt cahier DS qUI leur sont imposées par er f'J V ''Ik^tiC(1et H Sf>rt charges, ils encourront la f't ll%%eU p' ?cll^V'em(f?0urvu tant à la continua■'ii A s a 'o aehàve n'ont des travaux qu'à l'exécu'fio n, en*P°f'Sements contractés par les ■'res 1110^611 d'une adjudication ex £ rira snT. D;eCtttés SUr Unu mise à prix des ou"Iexéellt du des Irjat6riaux , approvisionnés et des parties du du chke, mia de 1er déjà livrées à Les soumissions pourront être inférieures à la ~llj ~¡(¡!l11t p:éeUe corn ~<lireg soumise aux clauie sera soumise aux clau^0hiresS^cah^H?"3 chcLrS^ et les conoes'i/« A611* releprix que Le partie du conditionnement qui n'aura pas te trt .ee d ~,l le~t;t deviendra la propriété de if Ut,, secOllde OIIVPrtn'amène aucun réM secbnses catl0n sera tentée sur ■t wà ^u'^H^ce^sinm.d61al de trois mois; ,Il, 'i. Us resle également sans les fi tire, seront détinitiveF et alors les ouvrages Sl6tïi|iiraxV> JJr°visionnéset les parP-r (1 les par. tlra ^14,^ livrées à l'exploita1 i>. • tatbl l'e*«i lZtCLUm du chemin de fer t. n[^m PUe en totalité ou en partie, l'administration prendra immédiatement, aux frais et risques des concessionnaires, les mesures nécessaires pour assurer provisoirement le service. Si, dans les trois mois d'organisation du service provisoire, les concessionnaires n'ont pas valablement justifié qu'ils sont, en état do reprendre et de continuer l'exploitation et s'ils ne l'ont pas effectivement reprise.,. la déchéance pourra être prononcée par le ministre. Cette déchéance prononcée, le chemin de fer et toutes ses dépendances seront mis en adjudication, et il sera procédé ainsi qu'il est dit à l'article précédent. Art. 41. — Les dispositions des trois articles qui précèdent cesseraient d'être applicables et ie déchéance ne serait pas encourue, dans le cas où les concessionnaires n'auraient pu remplir leurs obligations par suite de circonstances de force majeure dûment constatées. TITRE IV TAXES ET CONDITIONS RELATIVES AU TRANSPORT DES "OYAGEURS ET DES MARCHANDISES Art. 42. — Pour indemniser les concessionnaires des travaux et dépenses qu'ils s'engagent à faire par le présent cahier des charges, et sous la condition expresse qu'ils en rempliront exactement toutes les obligations, le Gouvernement accorde l'autorisation de percevoir, pendant toute la durée de la concession, les droits de péage et les prix de transport ci-après déterminés : PRIX TARIF ————————————— de de péage, transport. Totaux. fr. c. fr. c. fr. e. 1* PAR TETE ET PAR KILOMETRE Grande vitesse. Voyageurs. Voitures couvertes, garnies et fermées à glace (lre classe). 0 067 0 033 0 10 Voyageurs. — Voitures couvertes, fermées à glaces et à banquettes rembourrées Cl" classe) 0 050 0 025 0 0/5 Voyageurs. Voitures couvertes et fermées à vitres (3° classe)., 0 037 0 018 0 055 Enfants. — Au-dessous de trois ans, les enfants ne payent rien, à la condition d'être portés sur les genoux des personnes qui les accompagnent. De trois à sept ans, ils payent demi-place et ont droit à une place distincte; toutefois, dans un niiôme compartiment, deux enfants ne pour. ront occuper que la place d'un voyageur. Au-dessus do sept ans, ils payent place entière. Chiens transportés dans les trains de voyageurs 0 010 0 00Ô 0 015 Sans que la perception puisse être inférieure à 0 fr. 30. Petite vitesse. Bœufs, vaches, taureaux, chevaux, mulets, bêtes de trait. 0 07 0 03 0 10 Veaux et porcs. 0025 0015 0 0-i Moutons, brebis, agneaux, chèvres 0 01 0 01 0 02 Lorsque les animaux ci-dessus dénommés seront, sur la demande des expéditeurs, transportés à la vitesse des trains de voyageurs, les prix seront doublés. 2* PAR TONNE ET PAR KILOMÈTRE Marchandises transportées à grande vitesse. Huîtres: poissons frais; denrées ; excédants de bagages et marchandises de toute classe transportés à la vitesse des trains do voyageurs. 0 20 0 16 0 36 Marchandises transportées à petite vitesse. Ir. classe. — Spiritueux; huiles ; bois de menuiserie, de teinture et autres bois exotiques; produits chimiques non dénommés; œufs; viande fraîche; gibier; sucre; café; drogues; épiceries; tissus; denrées coloniales; objets manufacturés; armes, , 0 09 0 07 0 16 28 classe. — Blés: grains; farines; légumes farineux; riz, mais, chataignes et autres denrées alimentaires non dénommées; chaux et plâtre ; charbon de bois; bois à brûler dit de corde; perches; chevrons; planches; madriers; bois de charpente; marbre en bloc; albâtre; bitumes; cotons; laines; vins; vinaigres; boissons; bières; levure sèche; coke; ferscuivres; plomb et autres métaux ouvrés ou non; fontes moulées. 0 08 0 06 0 14 3" classe. — Pierres de taille et produits de carrières; minerais autres que les minerais de fer; fonte de fer; fonte brute; sel; moellons; meulières; argiles ; briques; ardoises. 0 06 0 04 0 10 4e classe. — Houille; marne; cendres; fumiers; engrais; pierres à chaux et à plâtre; pavés et matériaux pour la construction et la réparation des routes ; minerais de fer ; cailloux et sabies, Pour le parcours de 0 à 100 kilomètres sans que la taxe puisse être supérieure à 5 francs 0 05 0 03 0 08 Pour le parcours de 101 a 300 khollletres sans que la taxe puisse être supérieure à 1'2 1'1' , .: , 0 03 0 02 0 05 Pour le parcours de 300 kilomètres o 025 0 015 0 04 3° VOITURES ET MATÉRIEL ROULANT TRANSPORTÉS A PETITE VITESSE Par pièce et par kilomètre, Wagon ou chariot pouvant porter de 3 à 6 tonnes 0 09 0 06 0 15 — pouvant porter plus de 6 tonnes 0 12 0 08 0 20 Locomotive pesant de 12 à 18 tomns (ne traînant pas de convoi). , 1 80 t 20 3» — pesant plus de 18 tonnes (ne trainant pas de convoi) 2 25 1 50 3 » 3 75 Tender de 7 à 10 tonnes 0 90 0 60 1 50 de plus de 10 tonnes 1 3o 0 «0 2 25 Les machines locomotives seront considérées comme ne traînant pas de convoi, lorsque le convoi remorqué, soit de voyageurs, soit de marchandises, ne comportera pas un péage au moins égal à celui qui serait perçu sur la locomotive avec son tender marchant sans rien traîner.. Le prix à payer pour un wagon chargé ne pourra jamais être inférieur à celui qui serait du pour un wagon marchant à vide. PRIX TARIF de de péage, transport. Totaux. p fr. c. fr. c. fr. c. Voitures à deux ou à quatre roues, à un fond et à une seule banquette 0 15 0 10 0 25 dans l'intérieur 010 025 Voitures à quatre roues, à deux fonds et à deux banquettes dans l'inté0 18 u 14 rieur; omnibus, diligences, etc. , 0 18 0 14 0 32 Lorsque, sur la demande des expéditeurs, les transports auront lieu à la vitesse des trains de voyageurs, les prix ci-dessus seront doublés. Dans ce cas, deux personnes pourront, sans supplément de prix, voyager dans les voitures à une banquette, et trois dans les voitures à deux banquettes, omnibus, diligences, etc.; les voyageurs excédant ce nombre payeront le prix des places de 2e classe. Voitures de déménagement à deuxet à quatre roues, à vide 0 1& 0 08 0 20 Ces voitures, lorsqu'elles seront chargées, payeront en sus des prix cidessus, par tonne de chargement et par kilomètre. U 08 u 06 0 14 4° SERVICE DES POMPES FUNÈBRES ET TRANSPORTS DES CERCUEILS Grande vitesse. Une voiture des pompes funèbres, renfermant un ou plusieurs cercueils, sera transportée aux mômes prix et conditions qu'une voiture a quatre roues, à deux fonds et à deux banquettes. 0 36 0 28 0 64 Chaque cercueil confié à l'administration du chemin de fer sera transporté, pour les trains ordinaires, dans un compartiment isolé, au prix de. 0 t8 U U 0 30 Et, pour les trains express, dans une voiture spéciale, au prix de. 0 60 U 4U 1 » Les prix déterminés pour les transports à grande vitesse ne comprennent pas l'impôt dû à l'Etat ni les frais accessoires d'enregistrement, de chargement, de déchargement et de magasinage, dans les gares et magasins de chemins de fer. Il est expressément entendu que les prix de transport ne seront dus à la compagnie qu'autant qu'elle effectuerait elle-même ces tran-porta à ses frais et par ses propres moyens ; dans le cas contraire, elle n'aura droit qu'aux prix fixés pour le péage. La perception aura lieu d'après le nombre de kilomètres parcourus. Tout kilomètre entamé sera payé comme s'il avait été parcouru en* entier. Si la distance parcourue est inférieure à six kilomètres, elle sera comptée pour 6 kilomètres. Le poids de la tonne est de 1,000 kilogrammes. Les fractions de poids ne seront comptée?, tant pour la grande que pour la petite vitesse, que par centième de .tonne ou par 10 kilogrammes. Ainsi, tout poids compris entre 0 et 10 kilogrammes pavera comme 10 kilogrammes ; entre 10 et 20 kilogrammes, comme 20 kilogrammes, etc. Toutefos, pour les excédants de bagages et marchandises à grande vitesse, les coupures seront établies : 1. De 0 à 5 kilogrammes; 2° Au-dessus de 5 kilogrammes jusqu'à 10 kilogrammes ; 10 ki 3" Au-dessus de 10 kilogrammes, par fraction indivisible de 10 kilogrammes. Quelle que soit la distance parcourue, le prix d'une expédition quelconque, soit en grande, soit en petite vitesse, ne pourra être moindre de 40 centimes. Le tarif qui précède est celui qui sera appliqué pendant toute la durée de la concession ; néanmoins, les concessionnaires sont autorisés à percevoir, pendant un délai de quinze .ans, à partir du délai fixé pour l'achèvement des trapartir du vaux, pour les marchandises, par tonne et par kilomètre, les tarifs ci-après déterminés : Marchandises transportées à grande vitesse. Huîtres, poissons frais, denrées, excédants de bagages et marchandises de toutes classes trans PRIX ,:; 2; t t « .2 n 3 "<.) C Î2 etf Po. 1 » £ o c:.> E-t 0;1 « c 1 PRIX ai o • tn Po H CtJ C/3 pjJ '0.> c 53 * 2 0 « -m Hg "-' « fr. c. fr. c. frc. portées à la vitesse 3es trains de voyageurs. 0 34 0 16 0 50 Marchandises t ra nsp o rtées à petite vitesse. lrc classe 0 20 0 07 0 27 2° classe 0 17 0 06 0 23 38 classe 0 12 0 04 0 16 48 classe. 0 10 0 03 0 13 Dans le cas où le prix de l'hectolitre de blé s'élèverait, sur le marché régulateur du département, à 20 fr. ou au-dessus, le Gouvernement pourra exiger de la. compagnie que le tarif du transport des blés, grains, riz, maïs, farines et légumes farineux, péage compris, ne puisse s'élever, au maximum, qu'à 7 centimes par tonne et par kilomètre. Art. 43. — A moins d'une autorisation spéciale et révocable de l'administration, tout train régulier de voyageurs devra contenir des voitures de toutes classes en nombre suffisant pour toutes les personnes qui se présenteraient dans les bureaux du chemin de fer. Dans chaque train de voyageurs, les concessionnaires auront la faculté de placer. des voituvqitures à compartiments spéciaux, pour lesquels il sera établi des prix particuliers que Fadministration fixera, sur la proposition des concessionnaires ; m3is le nombre des places à donner dans ces compartiments ne pourra dépasser le cinquième du nombre total des places du train. Art. 44. — Tout voyageur dont le bagage ne pèsera pas plus de 30 kilogrammes n'aura àpayer, pour le port de ce bagage, aucun supplément du prix dé sa place. Cette franchise ne s'appliquera pas aux enfants transportés gratuitement, et elle sera réduite à 20 kilogrammes pour les enfants transportés a moitié prix. Art. 45. — Les animaux, denrées, marchandises, effets et autres objets non désignés dans le tarit, seront rangés, pour les droits à percevoir, dans les classes avec lesquelles ils auront le plus d'analogie, sans que jamais, sauf les exceptions formulées aux articles 46 et 47 ci-après, aucune marchandise non dénommée puisse être soumise, à une taxe supérieure à celle de la première classe du tarif ci-uessus. Les assimilations ae ciiis5ebpu~ visoirement réglées par les conc M mais elles seront soumises ~t~ M l'administration, qui prononcera aei Art. 46. Les droits de péage et■ transport déterminés au tarif ne s plicables à toute masse indivisible pesan ~j~M 3,000 kilogrammes. -Néanmoins, les concessionnaires ne j'~N se refuser à transporter les masse l.n pesant de 3,000 à 5,100 kilogrammes '(¡rt — droits de péage et les prix de tian v M augmentés de moitié. Atr Les concessionnaires ne Pourro + traints à transporter des masses pesanPjH 5,000 kilogrammes. Si, nonobstant la disposition qu nrécffUI concessionnaires transportent i^aï|fllM visibles pesant plus de 5,000 kilos visibles pesant plus d6 5,0( )0 devront, pendant trois mois au raollig, les mêmes facilités à tous ceux qui en fe-rademande. t Dans ce cas, les prix de transpor„.r+ par l'administration, sur la propos Il cessionnaires. -étetJ1lÍ Art. 47. — Les prix de transport d t tarif ne sont point applicables : 1° Aux denrées et objets qui ne sa lJJ M mément énoncés daus le tarif et 4 0119 raient pas deux cents kilogramme Mj lume d'un mètre cube ; 2° Aux matières inflammables,, n aux animaux et objctg dari PrPx, des règlements de police prescr cautions spéciales; éclaté 3° Aux animaux dont la valeur d derait 5,000 fr.; Jin 0 4° A l'or et à l'argent, soit en d'or.. 0rmonnayés ou travaillés, au Pla quéi,il, gent, au mercure et au platine, joux, dentelles, pierres précieuses, autres valeurs ; colis ~! 5" Et, en général, à tous P~ "JH cédants de bagages pesant iso1 4 grammes et au-dessous. d~3tf Toutefois, les prix de tilanpoet5 dé au tarif sont applicables a transPffûets tous P m.|3H quoique emballés à part, s'ils fan t P "rti vois pesant ensemble plusdequnr allte, mes d'objets envoyés par une m une même personne., Il en sei d0 les excédants de bagages qui J .geraJ!s^« semble ou isolément plus de quara JH mns. e oIlO Le bénéfice de la disposition ,n collC paragraphe précédent, en ce qui voqtlé paquets ou colis, ne peut être ln de r entrepreneurs de messageries et 0 autres intermédiaires de irailspa'rt,. M les articles par eux envoyés ne sa un seul colis. MineS, Dans les cinq cas ci-dessus Qpé cijgéa, Dans les cinq cas ci-dessus -f t de transport seront arrêtés a d0 l'administration, tant pour la• | .oft o® la pitite vitesse, sur la propos .p M siounaires. ou. cO En ce qui concerne les P^iets lionnés au paragraphe 5 ci-a^pgjaSr^^H transport devront être calculés d etSO qu'en aucun cas un de ces P 4 ~M puisse payer un prix plus q, M même nature pesant plus de 4 n08s Art. 48. Dans le cas où les CIe pa. jugeraient convenable, soit po• j3 tal, soit pour les parcours Pa fer, d'abaisser avec ou sans o O0iJit;^ rJ^H| fer, d'abaisser avec ou sans ar 1 sous des limites déterminee taxes qu'ils sont autorisés a perc, Péloir ~N abaissées no pourront être 1'6 e ur les délai do trois mois au moins flo S et d'un an pour les marchau Toute modification de tari fa OP 0 concessionnaires sera anno N t j~NB vance par des affiches. difiGS La perception des tarifs n* 0^ifiê® avoir lieu qu'avec l'homolOe .otl ) tration supérieure, conforma ~Mm tration supérieure, conforni^ ye^ tions de l'ordonnance du 15 nOr/]. se La perception des taxes o ur. j H tinctement et sans aucune fa,veurait Tout traité particulier.1^' -aUraiy^^M| d'accorder à un ou plUsIeurs vèS d réduction sur les tarifs appr mellement interdit. n'cst Toutefois, cette dispositi. fn j cable aux traités qui pourra S le Gouvernement et les 9° ~Ma l'intérêt des services publiani ou remises qui seraient aco cessionnaires aux indigents. ~N 6k 1-878 °ôcembre 1^78 JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE 12371 PronorH^Sem,®n^ des tarifs, la réduction S!Jcirt 116 sur 16 Péage et sur Art ■ ; sur le péage et sur (J'çU» 49. » Ôer contLconcessioanaires seront tenus ezeet et eorlstftlllmeiit avec soin, exactitude et C'éet sanltr faveur, le transport des U rs> bestio UX' denrées, marchandises et 1'0 S COIiR Conques qui leur seront confiés. gant inscrit b estiaux et objets quelconques sea fe Où ils 8, à ll«t g<arô d'où ils partent et à la au IUr lls arri registres spéciaux 1 à mesi6n ,^SUÎ' registres spéciaux iesurW Ut; leur réception; mention 5ls res de la gare de départ ^%Mtotal ;dû n^ leur transport. Our Jes exn6rinP S0S ayant une même destins auront lieu suivant l'or. , Vt 1® ^Péditin , ire(ipis Ur inscri S rl?a à la gare de départ. a^e ~P 1 ? marchandises sera consexPédiio., le demande, par une lettre l'oitu re dont un exemplaire restera aux SlCu ^conce4-n anes et l'autre aux mains Nf J^i'e ^1} ®xPéditeur no demanderait 4 6 1 ttl'e Voiture, les concessionnaires 8 Ja 0 lui délivrer un récipissé qui 8port st re et la poids du colis, le prix jSort Aft & J^sport Af„etet le délai dans lequel ce A.Att ~,. devra •5V T oa Kueciue. dfi animaux, denrées, marchanet * 0* Jets quelconques seront expédiées et 1. Ë~~ ci a~ dans les délais résultant des conditions ci après exprimées : denriel-1, marchandises et, !~f~ pre~ à grande vitesse, seront exÏ%S! S e Premipr +ain de voyageurs comprenant des voitures de toutes classes etcorresavec leur desti na tion, pourvu qu'ils ÉtA. Prése,t es destmation, pourvu qu lis avant le ~~Qtes a l'enregistrement trois beu&va rit le dépat rt L ril ce train. A•UsJer<0Qt mis à la disposItion deq destinatalïlvée du. ,dans le délai de deux heures apres 6heures aprts derorïeg , rilarcliandises et obtIua3 ,Oht dQt¡s lB'tlour Pt>e®110 îi vitesse seront expé. dans le jour i 0rqu1 -%uivra cf-,lui 'dE) la remise ISi qu la ce délai à deuxjours. ~——— ^UUITa administration ,sur la proposition des conces,ré®du traJet sera Axé par A?aQs que c" l/-11?ktii.?^,tre heurp par fractions llldlvlslbles r,,x, aium Puisse excétres, Par factions indivisibles l, air urqètres par fractions indivisibles 6 Coilo 3 seront Illls a la disposition des desti.
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'niuiian-l-i T c: rs n-::i' V.'itllO.it I l.'JliOSi 111; halt t !. ;.ll Vi or;s, rr-' i1 iii n!isuinpUnn ( nl out i i ---. 7e, ,iswvso is B.t iminoTi iii-.to ilt'i t'p . and A Miearous, or li'-ss umiersvoo'! tiy phv- Bj' tis icild, Fxthtnt! and hcallntr rfoprtt"x. Dr. Sjtv '.!' t'trrti Kemrdy oiuvs th" worst .m.ii'S of ilnrrli, "oli In llic Heail," ,'ryi ; l'nl.rrlia t4eatlarlic. fc5oi iruglsts evory-w-Usre ; 5 c"!iit-i. I'nloltl Asonj fruui "atrrli." Prof. W. Hacsvfr, the fimoitv mcsmcrLst. Of ItAiU-ji, N. V.t wrltox: mo tc:i yr.-irs mti I Sufifcreit u:)tuM atony from cl:r . - : . .i - a larTh. .Iy family !iyslci!:i r-1 ; a UiftirulN.', ami it)t 1 must ': M .' 1 isenm ii:i-li h.; 1 on , that evi-ry ibiy, t iw. r I, sunsot, my voio w-.iiill hmirae k himris I cotil.1 i rfik itbor a whisoer. - '.':em rnln .1.. .x.nbtri( and cle.11.nc m 1 l.r i.'it would aanxt Btrn'cl m. Ky tn i:sr cf Iir. Safe's t iviorra Hmdy, in three joonthx, I n aa a wu - -k1 tin" cuie lias beea permanent." - hU4tanlly navrklng and 9Hltiag." I uomas J. RrsBtso, Eki.. StfOJ Pin Strwt, Pt. Louis, Mo., wri.fs : ' I T, tm a jTNit u(Torer fr.uo cutaTTh lor t!irne yearn. Ai times I ooulfl Wrtily braathe, ana was conmaotly hawkinz and sptttl'jc, and for the luat etirht months could Tint lratho through the nnetrlla. I thourhA aoihme could be done far me. Luckily, I wan adTisedtotry Dr. Face's "arrh Kmedr, ana J iom now a wall man. I hollers it to be the ouJy snra ramedjr for catarrh now roanafac turnd aud one liu only to gvo ii a fair trial to eitwwooe eatouadlag results and a permaaeat cure," A cnnr!le Trarls an Caemrrti. trtrlrn valn aMH hiata as t clothing, diet and other mattora t ,uJKortuiee, will tm mailed, post-)aald to any AJri, oa reelpt of a two-cent in4e ilAmp. Adaj-jMu, Wozlii'a Dixpetuary Hectical Anaciatlsn. Ho. eea Ka:- Street. 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G KcLcL'Ghlin, EXECUTED IN THE BEST STYLE. FROM & DISTANCE '4iC0 I i'V , ti :, ?; -I'ir-.-1: '1 !l?2l ." a ---a Tr :-. Z 7 -. :Vi!! "8G2iy3 Prompt Attsntion The Best of Material Constantly on Hand. Briefs, Transcripts, Letter Heli, Kot Htadi, Bill Heads, Statememte, Business Cardi, Vouchers, Pay Rll, ExprB Tags. Invitations, Programme, VTedding Cards, Ball Tickets, Visiting Cards, Hand Bills, En velopes, Putters, Circulars acid Stock Circulars. ESTIMxVFES CHEERFULLY FURXISHED. a a - L. - . , 0 a. - e 5 5 - r!!v; ?R PEWSIOriS! Ieui; liio;t'd ne:ir tlio Govcrn nietit 1 'Ljiirttneula tu are able to give yi'tii" cluini liettcr atteiitiou than attorneys loc-iteil elde where. Special atteliti 'II to dillkult and rejueteil claims If y.i;ir present attorney does not suit you, and if low, write lis. Soldiers wh have lost their discharges Ciii obtain new ones. Charges of desertion removed. N" fee unions you get a pension. Advice FKEK. Soldier pensioned at lens than t.v'vo (?1"J) per month, and sutTt tnii; from disability in addi tion to that named in their pension certificate may obtain increase tinder the 11 , w law. It is not necessary for you to have Rotten any ailment in war to get pensioned under ths new law. Pensions for widaw and child ren without regard to cause ut iol dier's death; mothers and father who are now dependent, whether they were dependent on soldier when he died or not. Pension obtained for service rendered in Mexican and Indian war. Mexican pensions can now be increased to a month. Suspended pensions restored. PATENTS. Caveats, Trade Marks, Designs, Copyrights and all Patent business conducted for Moderate Fees. In formation and advice given to inven tor without charge. Address, The .X or in a 11 Claim Aucnry, Box 1G7. Washington, sll - . , .- ' ..'1'-. . - J ' "sBBslsstaBSSBir PHOTOGRAl'II GALLEK1. MARKET STKBKT. .' b ndimg Ga lry In Ab Ftmn eisoo, CW1. POrU LA K PBssJsH. H& 5 1 "T' 1 Poultry upplies and Appliance Incubators and Brcoers, Sole Agents for Hydro Safety Lumps for Incubators and Brooders. Cynolina for disinfecting and killing ver raine. Raven's Horse, Cattle and Poultrv Food. XiIi ltft's Tonic Poultry Powder. Manufacturer of Croley's Californin Poultry rir?niedy for roup, swelled-head and all hsta-f; of the hv.i I, e e. and throat of fowls. Anglo-Am -nr i 'leuiedips. 1 ?, varieties, warranted to cure -v.. i .ils f.r I'lgu i Everything for Fincicrs and lireeders. Writ for what you want. s7 OF Easl'y. C"i :t'y, Prrr.i,s. ..stored. WFAKNESS, WiRVC'JSNSSS, CtESL'TY, n:i-! til t' c t.Nln f f f :-i a . - iir; t . r-. . . r ' r. ' r ci.. the r,--ui .i 01 ..! .:J:. v. .. ;c Fu". ; ,. . ..; ii' : vwloprnem ai:. gin'ii to e cry i . i f tu n i 1 :.. i .. ... Shi: le.natiirrlit ?!-. :.. Iii.n.e-lljt itiit-rove:. .: seen. Kxilnre imp.. . refer-n -x : tutt it -n u- ' p:- . .i tiiroir ii it. :tl.'i 1 : : '. ZP.IE R-EDICAL C2. E'JFFALO, N. Y. (ESTABLISHED 1S70.) PETALUMA INCUBATOR 00. .o. INCUBATORS, BROODERS, P'-E MILLS, WIRE XET'tfP U, LATH FENCING, EGG FOOD, ROOP-CURE, POULTRV BOOKS, CAPONIZING INSTRUMENTS, all kinds of F0HEt1!Rl AMTf SPIiCI AX TIES. O : If.
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Subsets and Splits
Token Count by Language
Reveals the distribution of total tokens by language, highlighting which languages are most prevalent in the dataset.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Provides a detailed breakdown of document counts and total word/token counts for English documents in different collections and open types, revealing insights into data distribution and quantity.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Provides a count of items in each collection that are licensed under 'CC-By-SA', giving insight into the distribution of this license across different collections.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Counts the number of items in each collection that have a 'CC-By' license, providing insight into license distribution across collections.
Bulgarian Texts from Train Set
Retrieves all entries in the training set that are in Bulgarian, providing a basic filter on language.
License Count in Train Set
Counts the number of entries for each license type and orders them, providing a basic overview of license distribution.
Top 100 Licenses Count
Displays the top 100 licenses by their occurrence count, providing basic insights into which licenses are most common in the dataset.
Language Frequency in Dataset
Provides a simple count of each language present in the dataset, which is useful for basic understanding but limited in depth of insight.
French Spoken Samples
Limited to showing 100 samples of the dataset where the language is French and it's spoken, providing basic filtering without deeper insights.
GitHub Open Source Texts
Retrieves specific text samples labeled with their language from the 'Github Open Source' collection.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query performs basic filtering to retrieve specific records from the dataset, which could be useful for preliminary data exploration but does not provide deep insights.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query retrieves all English entries from specific collections, which provides basic filtering but minimal analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves all English language documents from specific data collections, useful for focusing on relevant subset but doesn't provide deeper insights or analysis.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves a specific subset of documents from the dataset, but does not provide any meaningful analysis or insights.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves a sample of 10,000 English documents from the USPTO with an open government type, providing a basic look at the dataset's content without deep analysis.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query performs basic filtering to retrieve entries related to English language, USPTO collection, and open government documents, offering limited analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves metadata of entries specifically from the USPTO collection in English, offering basic filtering.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query filters for English entries from specific collections, providing a basic subset of the dataset without deep analysis or insight.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query performs basic filtering, returning all rows from the 'StackExchange' collection where the language is 'English', providing limited analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query filters data for English entries from specific collections with an 'Open Web' type but mainly retrieves raw data without providing deep insights.
Filtered English Wikipedia Articles
Filters and retrieves specific English language Wikipedia entries of a certain length, providing a limited subset for basic exploration.
Filtered English Open Web Texts
Retrieves a subset of English texts with a specific length range from the 'Open Web', which provides basic filtering but limited insight.
Filtered English Open Culture Texts
Retrieves a sample of English texts from the 'Open Culture' category within a specific length range, providing a basic subset of data for further exploration.
Random English Texts <6500 Ch
Retrieves a random sample of 2000 English text entries that are shorter than 6500 characters, useful for quick data exploration but not revealing specific trends.
List of Languages
Lists all unique languages present in the dataset, which provides basic information about language variety but limited analytical insight.