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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31906385
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Balka Merkulova
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 55 | 109 |
Balka Merkulova
ravine in Russia
Balka Merkulova coordinate location
Balka Merkulova elevation above sea level
Balka Merkulova GeoNames ID 7746305
Balka Merkulova instance of ravine
Balka Merkulova country Russia, reason for preferred rank most recent value
Balka Merkulova country Russian Empire
Balka Merkulova country Soviet Union
Balka Merkulova GNS Unique Feature ID 11074759
Balka Merkulova
| 28,248 |
https://github.com/adireddy/haxe-howler/blob/master/gruntfile.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,017 |
haxe-howler
|
adireddy
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 60 | 297 |
/**
* Created by Adi Mora on 25/04/2015.
*/
module.exports = function (grunt) {
grunt.initConfig({
pkg: grunt.file.readJSON("package.json"),
haxe: {
project: {
hxml: "build.hxml"
}
},
zip: {
"howler.zip": ["src/**", "libs/**", "haxelib.json", "README.md"]
},
copy: {
default: {
files: [
{expand: true, cwd: "samples/_output/", src: ["**"], dest: "../adireddy.github.io/demos/haxe-howler/"},
]
}
}
});
grunt.loadNpmTasks("grunt-haxe");
grunt.loadNpmTasks("grunt-zip");
grunt.loadNpmTasks("grunt-exec");
grunt.loadNpmTasks("grunt-npm-install");
grunt.loadNpmTasks("grunt-contrib-copy");
grunt.registerTask("default", ["haxe", "copy"]);
};
| 10,012 |
https://github.com/agility/agility-content-management-js-sdk/blob/master/test/05-webhookOps.tests.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
agility-content-management-js-sdk
|
agility
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 125 | 360 |
import chai from 'chai'
const assert = chai.assert;
const expect = chai.expect;
import fs from 'fs'
import { createApiClientDev } from './apiClients.config'
/*
This file contains static references to content from the instance configured in the apiClient.config file.
*/
describe('webHook Operations:', function () {
this.timeout('120s');
let dateStrNow = new Date().toISOString().replace(/\./g, "").replace(/:/g, "")
let urlToWorkOn = `http://test.url.com/${dateStrNow}`;
let webhookCreated = false
//SAVE A NEW WEBHOOK
it('should save and delete a WebHook', (done) => {
let api = createApiClientDev();
assert.strictEqual(typeof (api), "object", "The api object should be an object type.");
//create a new webhook
const name = `Test Webhook ${dateStrNow}`
api.saveWebHook({ url:urlToWorkOn, name, publishEvents: false, saveEvents: true, workflowEvents: false })
.then(function () {
api.deleteWebHook({ url: urlToWorkOn })
.then(function () {
done();
})
.catch(done);
})
.catch(done);
})
});
| 41,414 |
WPO754W7E3X34YN4WF5HJMORQ5NR4Y4G_2
|
German-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,897 |
None
|
None
|
German
|
Spoken
| 2,739 | 4,853 |
Das Haus und die Regierung stimmen darin überein , die Gehälter der Geistlichen thunlichst rasch und gut aufzubessern. Es wäre besser , keine Anträge zu stellen. Irmer ( kons. ) tritt für den Antrag Heydebrandt ein. Minister Miquel erklärt , daß das Staatsministerium auch zum Antrag Heydebrandt noch endgiltig Stellung zu nehmen habe. Sattler ( ntl. ) nimmt Schmieding gegen Vorwürfe Irmers in Schutz. Schmieding sei für die Geistlichen nicht aus pokitischen Gründen eingetreten , um sie für die Nationalliberalen zu gewinnen. Nach kurzer weiterer Debatte wird der Antrag ' Heydebr. mit den Stimmen des Centrums und der Konservativen angenommen , die übrigen Anträge abgelehnt. Der Rest des Kapitels wird ohne Erörterung ge nehmigt. Bei Kapitel Medizinalwesen wünscht Werdeck ( ks. ) die Errichtung homöopathischer Lehr stühle und Krankenhäuser und beklagt die Unzuverlässig keit vieler Apotheker bei der Herstellung homöopathischer Rezepte. Geh. Rat Bartsch bemerkt , es liege kein Grund vor , irgend einer therapeutischen Methode Schwierigkeiten zu bereiten. Die Homöopathie müsse sich nur innerhalb der gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Grenzen halten. Zur Er richtung hombopathischer Krankhenhäuser liege kein Grund vor. Eckels ( nl. ) bedauert das Ueberhandnehmen der Kurpfuscherei und weist auf den Schäfer Ast hin. Redner wundert sich , daß die Staatsregierung gegen Ast , der zweifellos Schwindelei treibe , nicht vorgehe. Redner führt noch andere Fälle von Kurpfuscherei an. Die Aufhebung der Konzessionspflicht war ein großer Fehler. Redner fordert strafrechtliche Verfolgung der Kur pfuscherei oder landesgesetzliches Verbot. Ministerialdirektor Bartsch erklärt , die Regierung befasse sich schon seit Jahren damit , hier Wandel zu schaffen. Die Angelegenheit sei an das Reich abgegeben worden , man müsse abwarten , was dabei herauskomme. In der weiteren Debatte wird die Abtrennung der Medizinalangelegenheiten vom Kultusministerium und ihre Zuteilung an das Ministerium des Innern er örtert. Dann wird das Kapitel Medizinalangelegenheiten und der Rest des Ordinariums erledigt. Morgen Rest der heutigen Tagesordnung. Schlusskurse der Berliner Börse. Mai 1897 3. 6. Credit Commandit Deutsche Bank Handelsges. Darmstädter Dresdner Nationalbank Franzosen Bochumer Dortmunder Gelsenkirchen Harpener Hibernia Laurahütte Lombarden Elbethal - Bahn Gotthard - Bahn Schw. Nordost de. Central do. Union Jura Simplon Mittelm. - Bahn Meridion. - Bhn Warsch. Wien Prinz Henry Hamb. Packf. Nordd. Lloyd Trust Dynam. 3 % Otsche Anl. Italiener N. Mexicaner Türkenloose Ungarn Canada Pacific Russ. Noten 4 % Consols 3½ % do. 3 % do 4 %. - Anl. 3½ % do. 3 % do. Mechernicher Rhein. Stahlw. Montanind Schaaffhausen Hörder 225. 80 197. 50 192. 60 157. 30 153. 50 153. 75 139. 50 151. 00 152. 40 99. 75 168. 30 179. 50 177. 25 157. 50 33. 40 156. 40 108. 00 133. 00 82. 80 79. 75 94. 90 125. 90 244. 25 93. 30 117. 75 104. 10 184. 00 91. 00 97. 50 101. 25 104 00 50. 25 216. 25 103. 90 103. 90 98. 40 103. 80 103. 90 98. 00 1499 198. 00 136. 00 146. 75 124. 50 226. 50 198. 30 193. 40 158. 75 154. 25 154. 50 140. 25 151. 10 154. 25 100. 25 170. 50 180. 60 180. 60 158. 75 34. 00 134. 00 156. 75 108. 60 133. 90 83. 00 80. 00 95. 30 126. 50 244. 50 94. 75 118. 20 104. 40 183. 30 91. 25 97. 75 103. 75 104. 00 50. 75 216. 25 104. 00 104. 00 98. 40 104. 00 98. 00 1510 197. 50 136. 80 147. 25 125. 50 225 30 197. 25 192. 10 158. 10 154 00 153. 30 139. 80 150. 00 153. 75 100. 00 169. 40 179. 50 178. 60 157. 75 34. 20 226. 30226. 60 158. 00 109. 60 124. 10 83. 10 81. 20 95. 40 126. 20 243. 50 93. 80 118. 10 104. 80 181. 40 98. 00 91. 00 97. 10 102. 25 104. 00 51. 25 216. 25 104 00 104. 00 98. 30 104. 00 104. 00 98. 30 1499 200. 25 134. 00 145. 25 125. 75 198. 10 193. 90 159. 50 155. 00 153. 90 140. 10 150. 40 154. 60 99. 90 170. 75 181. 75 181. 40 159. 60 34 80 158. 75 110. 75 134. 25 83. 75 81 60 95. 50 126. 40 955. 90 108. 50 105. 40 181. 80 91. 30 97. 50 103. 25 51. 75 216. 25 104. 00 104. 00 98. 40 104. 00 104. 00 98. 00 1495 200. 00 136. 00 144. 90 125. 25 197. 40 193. 30 159. 30 154. 50 153. 75 140. 10 150. 40 154. 50 99. 75 170. 50 181. 25 181. 50 160. 25 34. 90 158. 50 110. 25 134. 00 83. 25 82. 25 95. 60 126. 75 94. 75 108. 60 105. 40 182. Gete 4. Verdingung der Erd D u. Maurerarbeiten u. zugeh. Materialien 1. vom Bau des Refraktorturmes der Stern warte , 2. von den leptischen ! Stationsräumen der chir. Klinik hiers. , veranschlagt auf rd. 3500 u. 6900 M. soll Dienstag den 18. Mai d. , Vormittags 10 bezw. 10¼ Uhr , im Amtsz. d. Unterz. , Mozart straße 28 , öffentlich erfolgen. Die Verdingungsunterlagen liegen das. zur Einsicht aus , können von dort auch gegen Erstattung von je 2 M. be zogen werden. Zuschlagsfrist 4 Wochen. Bonn , den 6. Mai 1897. Der Agl. Kreis = Hauinspekter , Rob. Schulze. Empfehle eine große Aus wahl geschmackvoll garnirter Stroh - u. Spitzenhüte für Damen und Kinder in allen modernen Facons und Farben zuänßerst bescheiden Preisen M. Kuhoff , Modes Wesselstraße 10. NB. Alte Zuthaten werden gerne mit verwendet. Bonner Zeitung. 8. Mai 1897. Nr. 107. PRieur. San - Rauten HOFLIEFERANT Bonn a. Rh. , Sternstrasse 31 u. 32. Reichhaltiges Lager in Porzellan , Glas , Crystall und Majolika. Niederlage der Königl. Sächs. Porzellan - Manufactur Meissen. Christofle Bestecke und beste Alfenide - Waaren. Geschmackvolle Tisch - , Salon und Ständerlampen. Grosse Auswahl aparter Kunst - u. Luxuswaaren. Specialität in praktischen u. eleganten Hochzeits - u. Fest geschenken in jeder Preislage. Fortwährend Eingang von Neuheiten. Wappen - Malerei auf Glas , Porzellan u. Steinzeug. Abonnements = Einladung zu den CONCERTEN in den Park - Anlagen des „ Schaumburger Hofs “ zu Plittersdorf am Rhein. Einem vielseitigen Wunsche meiner werthen Gäste entsprechend , beabsichtige ich auch in diesem Jahre in meinen Park = Anlagen den Sommer hindurch ( jeden Montag ) Militär = Concerte zu veranstalten , welche vom Trompeter = Corps der Bonner Königs Husaren unter Leitung ihres Stabstrompeters Herrn Biele feld ausgeführt werden. Sodann folgt alle 14 Tage ein zweites Concert , stets auf einen Freitag stattfindet und das von der ganzen Capelle des Schlesw. = Holst. Fuß = Art. = Regts. Nr. 9 zur Aus führung gelangt. Im IJu Eigene Porzellan - und Glasmalerei. S 5 “ Leonorsrig. H. Briuck , Hotel goldener tern. Nor dohiched. 4100 per Psd. M. 40 —. 40 , Nachener und Münchener Feuer = Versicherungs = Gesellschaft. Gegründet 1825. Der Geschäftsstand der Gesellschaft ergibt sich aus dem nachstehenden Auszug aus dem Rechnungsabschluß für das Jahr 1896. Grundkapital 64 Prämten = Einnahme für 1896 „ Zinsen = Einnahme für 1896 „ Prämien = Ueberträge Uebertrag zur Deckung außergewöhnlicher Bedürfnisse Kapttal = Reservesonds „ Dividenden = Ergänzungsfonds „ Spar = Reservesonds Sonntag den 9. Mai 1897 von Nachmittags 4 Uhr ab : Militär Streich - Concert ausgeführt vom gesammten Musik = Corps des Husaren wesches Regiments König Wilhelm I. 1. Rheinisches Nr. 7. Leitung : Stabstrompeter Theodor Bielefeld Entree 50 Pfeunig. Ii Juni und Juli finden die Concerte von 5½ — 9 Uhr , im „ Die auf der Trambahn gelösten Eintrittskarten Mai , August und September von 4½ — 8 Uhr Statt. sverechtigen auch zur freien Fahrt nach Godesberg. Der Abonnementspreis beträgt für eine Familie von 4 Per = Die Kurnarb = Nermeltung. sonen für sämmtliche Concerte Mk. — , Pensionate und Cor¬ St Suepurn = Kerwnltunh : perationen Mk. 12. — , Kassapreis 50 Pfg. Die Zahl der Concerte beläuft sich auf mindestens 20. Abonnementskarten sind bei Herrn W. Sulzbach in Bonn , sowie Herrn Schlosser in Godesberg zu haben. Das Vertrauen , welches meinem jungen Unternehmen ent gegen gebracht worden ist , werde ich stets zu erhalten suchen und empfehle mich. Hochachtend H. Mundorf. K. Versicherungen in Kraft am Schlusse des Jahres 1896. M. feinste Casel = Chotolade von An Brandentschädigungen wurden von der Gesellschaft im Jahre 1896 gezahlt „ Seit ihrem Bestehen wurden von der Gesellschaft für Brandschäden überhaupt bezahlt. Für gemeinnützige Zwecke verwendete die Gesellschaft seit ihrem Bestehen die Summe von „ Aachen , den 1. Mai 1897. Die Direktion : Schröder. Zur Vermittlung von Versicherungen empfehlen sich die Agenten der Gesellschaft : Suchard , Stollwerck , per Pfd. 1. , bei 5 Pfd. 90 Pfg. , empfiehlt J. Müller , Markt 15. Im Prachtbau des Eirens O. Carré. Reienshänen Thester Gertrudenstr. 10. Köln wer Gertrudenstr. 10 Direktion : Rich. Schippanowsky. Samstag , den 8. Mai 1897 : „ „ 0 der Mitglieder der plattkölnischen Volksbühne des Phedter Millewischt Die Reise um die Erde 16781943290 statäinden. ] in 80 Tagen. 30,628,941. 20 ] Mein Unternehmen einem geneigten Wohlwollen ! Große Ausstattungs = und Spektakelsposse in 14 Bildern und 9,000,000. — 13,176,390. 20 596,939. 30. 691,325. 20 4,000,000 900,000. 63,141. 40 1,297/627. 50 35,725,423. 60 6,829. 036,091. — 6,479,919. 60 Von jetzt ab befindet sich die Restauration jeden Sonntag Abend im Festsaal , bei schönem Wetter im Lichthof und wird von ! 8 Uhr ab Unterhaltungsmusik empfohlen haltend. Pyrophosphorsaures nach Dr. Struve empfiehlt Peter Brohl , Sternstraße 64. Coniferen von den seltensten bis zu den gewöhnlichen Sorten eigener Zucht werden zu jedem an nehmbaren Preise abgegeben in der Gärtnerei von A. Weimer , Moltkestr. 7 , 5658688885 0 Wicküler 0 Küpper - Bräu # Gogtäslich frische Füllung 22 1/3 Eir = Fl. 3M. Haupt = Depot : OFritz Schneider , 0 0 Breitestraße Nr. 107. 0 6900989990 Peter Birkheuser , Kaufmann in Bonn. Karl Mäurer , Kaufmann in Asbach. Conrad Schäfer , Maurermeister in Berkum. Josef Thill , Schornsteinfegermstr. in Brühl. Hermann Klein , Kaufmann in Godesberg. Tillmann Josef Weber , Kleinhändler in Hersel. Theod. Müller , Bauunternehmer in Beuel. Wilh. Mancher , Restaurateur in Poppelsdorf. Bernhard Müller , Getreide und Kohlenhandlung in Sechtem. Hochachtungsvoll C. Schombardt. Lager aller Papiersorten Schreibmaterialien Portefeuille - und Lederwaaren venim pranrt ttet. Stockenstraße 8. Tüchtige ein sucht Kunden # # außer dem Hause. Näheres Rheingasse 25 , 1. Etg. „ aus destillirtem Wasser. Wir übernehmen Abonnements auf regelmässige tägliche ß2 ) Lieferungen hier und nach auswärts durch unsere Fuhren. 20 Durch grosse Leistungsfähigkeit und anerkannt vor - K. zügliche , bewährte Einrichtungen sind wir in der Lage , wie bisher EF ) allen Anforderungen zu entsprechen und garantieren wir prompte und K pünktliche Lieferung , auch an heissen Tagen. Näheres auf gefällige Anfragen , sowie durch unsere Prospecte. # Bonner Eis - Fabrik Maargasse 20 , Schoppe & Co. , Maargasse 20. Pt ) Gegründet 1883. Fernsprecher Nr. 126. Elrktr. = Gasfrrihund = Anlagen sichere Zündung auf jede Entsernung werden unter Garantie und billigst ausgeführt von H. Grossmann , Mechaniker und Elektrotechniker BONN , Meckenheimerstraße 24. Wasch - Kleidchen Wasch - Blusen Wasch - Anzüge in allen Grössen und Preislagen vorräthig 3. N. Iundery , 19 Markt 19. einem Vorspiel nach dem Jules Verne ' schen Ausstattungsstück für seine Volksbühne bearbeitet von W. Millowitsch. Unter Mitwirkung von Dir. W. Millowitsch , Frau Dir. E. Millowitsch , Peter Classen , Engelbert Jansen , Peter Meyer. Einlaß 7 , Anfang der Vorstellung 8 Uhr. den 9. Mai 1897 : Nachmittags 4 Uhr ( zu ermäßigten Preisen ) : Volksstück in 5 Akten. Abends 8 Uhr ( zu gewöhnlichen Preisen ) : Gegründet 1876. erfahrenes Kinder Mädchen zu einem 1½ jährigen Kinde ( Mädchen ) zum 15. Juni ge sucht. Nur solche mit besten Zeugnissen wollen sich melden Vorm. 10 — 12 Uhr Nachm. — 4 Uhr. Poppelsdorfer - Allee 63. English students are invited to participate in the linguistie conversations of the acad : new philol. So ciety. For particulars apply to C. Wimmers , Meckenheimerstrasse 144. 2 schön möblirte Zimmer billig zu vermiethen. Weberstraße 114. Freundl. möbl. D ker in gutem Hause in Poppels dorf an Damen oder ruhigen Herrn auch mit Pension zu vermiethen. Näh. Kurfürstenstraße 36. Verlängerte Arndtstr. 29 elegante I. u. II. Etage 8 Zimmer , 2 Veranden , Küche , Mansarde und alle Bequem lichkeiten , ganz oder getheil , zu vermiethen. Schöner Garten , herrliche Fernsicht. Näheres im Hause selbst. Aerztlicherseits bestens empfohlen bei chron. Magencatarrh , Blasen - und Nierenleiden. Aelteste Brunnenunternehmung des Bezirks Gerolstein. Haupt - Niederlage : Martin Honecker , Bonn. Fernsprech - Nr. 193. Die Direction : Gerolstein , Eifel , Rheinprovinz. Giel , Knlagen jeder Art. Reparaturen und Umänderungen werden billigst und fachgemäß ausgeführt von H. Grossmann , Mechaniner und Elektrotechniker Bonn , Meckenheimerstr. 24. Wohne von jetzt ab Friedrichstr. 21. C. Manthey , Friseurin. Di MAads in die Mib Kn U , Hagt. Photograph. Rob. Krewaldt Nachfolger Bonn , Kaiserplatz 16. 1616 Aufnahme täglich , auch Sonntags geöffnet. Für die Herren Studirenden Preisermässigung Aolsvorser Sninrratwassrt täglich in frischer Füllung bei Kopfbürsten sowie sämmtl. Toilettartikel empfiehlt zu den billiosten Preisen Minna Henze , Münsterplatz 17a neben der Post. Kursus Apollmarts Mineratwasset bei über Vermögens - Verwaltung Pet. Sternstr. 64. des In meinem Atelier werden Strohhüte für Damen und Kinder nach jedem modernen Facon von jedem Strohgeflecht in den modernsten Farben angefertigt und alte umgeändert , gewaschen und gefärbt. M. Kuhoff , Modes 10 Wesselstraße 10. Rasir - , Frisir - u. Ellaarschneide - Salonil bei properer , feiner und billigster Bedienung. Desinfection aller Gegen stände. Adolf Schwenke , Piehmarkt 6. ee e ee e ee er. Hochseine Speisekartoffel frische Gemüse , # täglich frische Alfter - Spargel Frau Pütz , jeden Tag auf dem Markt und Vonngasse Nr. 38. Loc. Arutuig staatlich geprüf er Vereins zur Förderung der Frauenbildung. Beginn : Montag den 10. Mai , Nachmittags 3 Uhr , Neuthor 2. 16 Stunden zu 10 Mk. Karien bei Frau Jos. Radermacher , Sternstrasse 16. Helthrhulse n. empfiehlt sich in Influenza ! Massage , kalten Zahlreiche Beobachtungen hervorragender Aerzte Mbreibungen etc. dargethan , daß das Salophen ols ein □22 Cassiusgraben 22. haben dargerhau , daß dus Salopnen als ein außerordentlich wirksames Mittel gegen die nervösen # # 22. Gerrcschnun ger Rasenmah Man wird daher gut thun , sofort bei Auftreten maschinen der Kopf = und Nackenschmerzen , bei Hitzegefühl und nur bester Fabrikate empfiehlt Unbehagen 1 Gramm dieses Pulvers zu nehmen und 1 □ Ugeslor Messer die Dosis 4mal am Tage zu gebrauchen. % : G. P OSot01 , schmied , Damit verhindert man die Entwickelung der nicht Dreieck 7. 1458 ungefährlichen Krankheit und ermöglicht es , derselben vollständig vorzubeugen. Das Salophen wird in den Apotheken und Drogerien vorräthig gehalten. Reparaturen schnellstens. inreicher Auswahl Auguse Her bst. Wchrateer 8er vorzügl. Erfrischungsgetränk. Dortmunder Hirschbräu bestens empfohlen. W. C. Wallner , Wilhelmstraße 22. Für Photographie empfehle alle Chemicallen , Trockenplatten , Papier und Utensillen , wie Schalen , Entwickler und Bäden Getragene in Lösungen. u. Damenkleider W. Diedenhofen , kauft zu höchsten Preisen Wenzelgasse 30. W. Heymann , Rheingasse 32. Schöne junge Gänse , Enten , frz. Pou larden , ferner Kehrucken , Rehbraten , Rehschultern Georg Gaubatz , Wild = und Geflügel = Handlung Telephon 222. Dreieck 6. illigste Bezugsquelle für alle elek tromedicinischen Apparate. Reparaturen und Laden von Accumu latoren. Maschinen = u. Elektromotor = Mo delle , Experimentirkasten für Schüler 2c. in großer Auswahl. II. Ludbig Acherstraße Nr. 13a. Fernsprecher Nr. 221. üher tal der Sülck. -. 0 1,50 — 1,60 , Eier ung. p. Stück — 5 , ¼ 1 Mk. an , Eier bay. per Stück 5 Pfg. , ¼ 1,25 , von frischen Landeiern nicht zu un terscheiden , hiesige Landeter , frisch , p. St. 6½ Pfg. empfiehlt Dreieck 9. Peter Reinhard , Annoncen - Gxpedition Rudolf Mosse Köln a. Rh. Telephon 992 Telephon 991 Relste Matjes - Heringe Stück 18 Pfg. Neue Malta - Kartoffeln 1 Pfd. 13 , 5 Pfd. 60 Pfg. ErnstKrüger , gasse 40 — 4 Obenmarspforten — 4 Annoncen aller Art werden zu den gleichen Original - Preisen wie in den Expeditonen der Zeitungen selbst zur prompten Besorgung ent gegengenommen. — Bei grösseren Insertions Aufträgen Einräumung höchster Rabatt - Sätze. Kosten - Anschläge , Kataloge etc. etc. kostenfrei. Origiselle Entwürfe für Annoncen werden bereitwilligst geliefert. Prima Gartenschläucht in allen Dimensionen empf.
| 6,873 |
0000056184_8
|
Spanish-PD-Books
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,849 |
Ethnografía y anales de la conquista de las Islas Canarias
|
Webb, Philip Barker , 1793-1854 // Berthelot, Sabin , 1794-1880 // Malibran, Juan Arturo , 1818-1882 //
|
Spanish
|
Spoken
| 9,293 | 15,583 |
En la parle occidental del archipiélago, en la Gran Canaria, en Tenerife, en la Palma, la resistencia fué mas tenaz, pero también los combatientes eran en estos puntos mas numerosos: la sola isla de Canaria podia poner diez mil hombres sobre las armas, y en Tenerife el Mencey Bencomo, gefe de la liga de la Orolava marchó contra los Castellanos con seis mil decididos guanches. No obstante, las disensiones que desde largo tiempo reinaban entre las tribus, precipitaron la conquista, y la mitad de la población indígena vino k colocarse bajo las banderas de los conquistadores. Uno de los Guanartemes de Canaria fue deportado á Sevilla con los insulares de su partido, que se habían m a nifestado hostiles con los españoles; pero los mas auténticos documentos nos demuestran que se les condujo de nuevo á sus hogares tan pronto como la colonización empezó á desarrollarse, y cuando su presencia en las Canarias no inspiraba y atemores (313). Tenesor Semidan, el otro Guanarteme de Galdar, que sirvió bajo las ordenes de Alonso de Lugo en la conquista de Tenerife, no fué olvidado en el repartimiento de tierras, y el a u tor de las Noticias cita varios guanches que gozaron de los mismos, favores (314). Cinco de los Menceyes del partido de Bencomo, que embarcaron para España con el objeto de aumentar la comitiva del Adelantado, fueron los únicos escluidos de este derecho. (315). El príncipe Añaterve (316), que se pasó k los españoles desde su entrada en Tenerife, obtuvo grandes privilegios; y el establecimiento de un nuevo orden de cosas, no alteró en nada la vida pastoral de los guanches de Güimar. Los habitantes de este distrito fueron favorecidos en r e compensa de los servicios que habían prestado, y v i vieron en paz en sus cuevas, asi nos lo prueban las noticias que sus descendientes comunicaron al P. Espinosa casi un siglo después de la conquista, cuando aun e c sislian en los valles orientales de Tenerife, guanches p u ros de toda alianza estrangera. Este último resto de una antigua población conservó por largo tiempo sus usos y BE CANARIAS •251 costumbres..' • , En Candelaria en Fasnia, en las otras partes de la banda meridional de Tenerife, remontando desde Güimar hasta Chasna, se encuentran aun en la actualidad entre los aldeanos, la mayor parte de los usos descritos •por Fr. Alonso. Algunas espresiones del antiguo lenguage, que han quedado y que se emplean generalmente en todas las islas, los nombres guanches Con que ciertas familas se envanecen, los bailes populares, los gritos de alegría, el modo de procurarse fuego, de ordeñar las cabras, de preparar la manteca y el queso, de moler el grano, todo esto subsiste siempre, al cabo de trescientos cincuenta años de una dominación estrangera. A pesar de que las Canarias no sean hoy lo que fueron en un tiempo, bajo el gobierno paternal de los príncipes indígenas; sin embargo, en medio de los progresos de todo género y de las perfecciones de la industria, se perciven todavía algunas costumbres antiguas, que contrastan con la civilización europea: la innovación las ha respetado, y el habito invariable las ha perpetuado de siglo en siglo, como una tradición de los tiempos pasados. Asi pues, el sistema agrícola establecido en lodo el archipiélago, y las ventajas que de él ha sacado la economía rural, no han podido desterrar las viejas rutinas. El campesino, el pastor, el labrador, todo ese pueblo de costumbres agrestes, siempre fiel á sus hábitos, vive como en otro tiempo; tuesta su cebada, él mismo la muele entre dos piedras hereditarias colocadas en su humilde rincón, y prefiere al pan del rico el gofio de sus abuelos. La manteca de cabra se prepara en Chasna y en casi todos los distritos del sur de Tenerife, según el antiguo método: siempre es la misma leche encerrada en un odre colgado del techo, que dos personas colocadas á cierta distancia, se envían la una á la otra. Las vasijas que se fabrican en Candelaria no han variado ni de forma ni de nombre; -son todavía los antiguos gánigos de los indígenas, La pesca con bachos, que se hacia de noche á lo 252 ETHNOGRAFlA largo de la costa, se hace en la actualidad en alta mar sobre barcos; y sin embargo hay pescadores de playa, que á ejemplo de los guanches recorren á las mismas horas los riscos del litoral con hachos encendidas, para coger los cangrejos que vienen á la luz, y los pescados que se acercan á la orilla del agua. La pesca con la tabaiba siempre se usa, y la planta que sirve para envenenar los' charcos, conserva su antiguo nombre. 2S3 ra de la gente del pueblo, en Lanzarote, en Fuerteventura y en la Gran Canaria, parece copiada del almete de los soldados de Bethencourt; su chaleco riveteado y tan singular es una imitación. de la coraza, y el calzón largo de tela, ha sido tomado sin duda de los moros en las invasiones de África, bajo los Herreras y Saavedras. Encontramos pues todavía en el isleño la fisonomia, las costumbres y los usos del guanche. No posee ya sus creencias, ha olvidado ya su lenguage, del que no ha retenido sino algunas palabras, pero lo imita aun en sus vestidos, y conserva sus hábitos y sus modales. Afable y obsequioso es á su semejanza, humilde y astuto, pasando de la mas espansiva alegría á la mas concentrada tristeza; atrevido hasta la temeridad en el mas inminente peligro, ó desconfiado y tímido por bagatelas, amígo del juego, del canto y del baile, apasionado por lodos los ejercicios gimnásticos, acostumbrado á los trabajos mas duros; grave en su porte, sencillo en sus g u s tos, sentencioso y reservado en sus palabras, tal es el campesino de las Canarias, ya viva en la aldea, ya permanezca aislado en su cueva, ó en la montaña. Digámoslo de una vez en honor de aquellos honrados isleños, el puñal andaluz, que los aldeanos de Canaria y de alguna que otra isla llevan habitualmente á la cintura no les sirve sino para cortar correas; las puñaladas son entre ellos desconocidas, y el palo es la sola arma de que echan mano para terminar sus querellas. Dos rasgos origínales completarán este bosquejo: un rico propietario consultando un día á su viejo arrendatario sobre la moralidad un poco equivoca del mayordomo de la hacienda, no pudo sacar de él sino esta respuesta: «Si yo tuviese mi lengua en Tenerife 1 y mi cabeza en la Gomera yo os diria quien es él.' Un labrador reconvenido por su muger por la gran cantidad de trigo que habia sembrado en un campo de poca estension, lo dijo con tono de oráculo. «Calla muger, cuando á la tierra se le echa mucho, tiene vergüenza de dar poco." No se trasluce en estas pocas palabras algo de oriental y de muy 254 ÉTHNOGIUFÚ característico? Ecsaminemos ahora las acciones de este pueblo, cu« ya fisonomía, tfages y discursos, nos revelan su antigüe origen. CONCLUSIONES. Por las analogías lenguíslicas, hemos probado la filiación política entre los autiguos habitantes de las i s las Canarias, y las tribus berberes del Atlas occidental; el examen anatómico y fisiológico nos ha revelado el origen común de los dos pueblos homóglotas: esta doble apreciación será también apoyada por los datos de la historia y los hechos existentes, pues en la cuestión que nos ocupa, el carácter, los usos, las costumbres, las i n clinaciones, los hábitos de la vida, todo en una palabra, confirma la analogía que hemos ya señalado. Consideradas tanto física como moralmenío estas poblaciones son BE CANARIAS. 255 idénticas, y de cualquier modo que se las mire los resultados de la comparación no son menos concluyentes. «Los guanches, dice Viana. Tenían todos por la mayor parte Magnánimo valor, altivo espíritu Valientes fuerzas, ligereza y brío; Dispuesto talle, cuerpo giganteo: Rostros alegres, graves y apacibles, Agudo entendimiento, gran memoria, Trato muy noble, honesto y agradable, Y fueron con esceso apasionados Del amor y provecho de su patria." (Canto I.) Todos los autores que han escrito acerca de los guanches han notado el carácter enérgico de aquel heroico pueblo: los historiadores contemporáneos, que s u pieron apreciar su valor, en la tenaz resistencia que opuso á los conquistadores, le rinden completa justicia; los anales históricos lo prueban, y la conquista en si misma no es mas que la confirmación del indomable valor y de las virtudes guerreras que animaban á aquellas valientes tribus. La fuerza de alma y de cuerpo, con que la naturaleza había dotado á los guanches, estas dos energías combinadas, que se prestaban un mutuo socorro, p a ra redoblar en ellos el poder físico y moral, los ponía en él caso de arrostrar iodos los peligros, resistir á los mas rudos golpes, despreciar el dolor, en medio de los mayores sufrimientos, y hasta sobrevivir á su desgracia ante una muerte casi inevitable. Tenemos la p r u e ba de ello en la observación siguiente, debida á una feliz casualidad, Entre los cráneos sacados de las cuevas de Tenerife,. y que nos han servido para la comparación de nuestros tipos, existe uno muy notable. Considerado en su conjunto este cráneo se asemeja por su forma á uno de los ya mencionados, pero bajo el concepto del volumen es mucho mayor y mas fuerte; y si se supone que el individuo á quien perteneció, presentab a hermosas proporciones eni su estatura, puede creerse 256 ETONOGIUFU que su talla era aproximadamente de 5 pies y 7 á 8 pulgadas. Su constitución seria sin duda allética, si juzgamos al menos por la lestura muy sólida de los huesos del cráneo, y por el vigor de los protuberancias de las inserciones musculares, por su peso, que indica también una densidad muy considerable del tejido compacto de los huesos, cercano al estado de marfil, circunstancia que pudiera atribuirse también á las lesiones y fracturas consolidadas que se perciben en esta cabeza. 257 rentes de la fractura y de la dislocación que debió s u ceder al tiempo del accidente, y durante el trabajo de la consolidación. Esta fractura no se ha limitado al hueso del pómulo y del arco zygomático, sino que se ha e s tendido hasta la parte esterna y posterior del hueso maxilar superior, cuya protuberancia pomular ha sido destruida de tal manera que se penetra libremente por una ancha abertura desde la fosa zygomática, hasta el sinus maxilar, lo que prueba que este desorden acaeció cuando vivo el individuo, puesto que, las astillas de las partes fracturadas del sinus, han sido embotadas por la supuración. La admiración de que este individuo sobreviviese á tan violentas perturbaciones crece al percibir la horrible cicatriz que existe en la región mastoidiana del lado derecho. Una profunda depresión en la que se puede introducir todo el pulgar, se estiende de alante atrás y de abajo arriba, sobre el ángulo inferior y eslerior del parietal, inmediatamente detras de su articulación con el temporal. Esta depresión tiene casi 18 lineas de alante atrás, doce de alto abajo, y seis ú ocho de profundidad, siendo claramente el resultado de una fractura con hundimiento de los fragmentos que no han podido e n derezarse de nuevo y que han conservado el hundimiento impreso por el choque. En el interior del cráneo, e s tos fragmentos forman una protuberancia anormal de 8 á 10 líneas de alto por encima de la superficie cóncava del parietal. La señal de la fractura, se halla borrada por una regeneración perfecta del tejido huesoso y seobserban surcos arteriales y asperezas que atestiguan el trabajo reparador que se afectuó durante la cicatrización. Se notan ademas otras dos hendiduras bastante aparentes, la una sobre la porción escamosa del temporal, y la otra en la base del apoíicis, mastoide, inmediatamente por debajo de la raiz posterior de la arcada zygomática. Estas dos hendiduras parecen provenir de fracturas incompletas. 259 Lio una de las cualidades que hasta las mismas mugeres poseían en el mas alto grado. (318) Prueba de ello es lo que ya hemos dicho anteriormente de las Amazonas de la Palma, que se elevaron al rango de los hombres por sus virtudes guerreras. Recordemos también el episodio de Andamaua, de esa audaz isleña de la gran Canaria que se decia inspirada del cielo, y que sometió á su obediencia todas las tribus de la isla. La historia de las guerras que los conquistadores árabes t u vieron que sostener en /: frica contra los indígenas, nos ofrece entre las mugeres bereberes una energía igual.. De ello tenemos un ejemplo en la reina Kahina, que los pueblos del Atlas creían igualmente dolada de un poder sobrenatural, y cuyo valor heroico hizo bambolear por algún tiempo el poder musulmán. (319) Iguales comparaciones encontraríamos en lo que Tácito nos refiere del carácter de Tacfarinas, aquel ñero numida, que sublevó las tribus Africanas, contra el poder de Roma, y murió tan valerosamente con las armas en la mano. Otras relaciones no menos curiosas resultan de las noticias que pueden sacarse del poema de laJohannida (320). Los nombres de las tribus bereberes, su modo de combatir, sus astucias, sus estratagemas son otros tantos detalles interesantes, que recuerdan las coslumbres de nuestros isleños. Estas analogías ademas no son las solas que se notan entre los antiguos habitantes de las islas Canarias, y las tribus Africanas, á las cuales las comparamos. Existen igualmente en los usos, las coslumbres y las instituciones de ambos pueblos, curiosas semejanzas. La forma de gobierno es casi idéntica; los ancianos de la tribu, Jos hombres de esperiencia y de saber, los viejos guerreros acreditados, forman ""el consejo de la nación. La aristocracia del parenlezco establece el poder de las familias, y sirve de g a rantía á la independencia nacional. En las Canarias presidían el Tagóror sigoñes guayres ó allahas; entre los bereberes, amuerans, (grandes) ó amrgars (viejos capitanes) cuyas decisiones tenían siempre fuerza de ley; en Tone- 260 ETHNOGJUFU rife y en Canaria, menccyes y guamrtemes (príncipes electivos) que concentraban la autoridad en su familia, como los owsarghs, ó señores bereberes. 261 fer que se prosliluia era apedreada; al mentiroso se le desterraba. (324) Estos africanos combatían con largas lanzas y venablos que arrojaban con mucha destreza; preferían la muerte á la fuga. Su modo de vivir era el mismo que el de los guanches; preparaban sus alimentos como en las Canarias, y se encuentra en las indi— easiones del autor, la carne ahumada de los indígenas de Fuerteventura. Analogías semejantes existen en los usos y costumbres descritos por Cadamosto y por Ebn-Khaldoun. Los guanches de Tenerife, según el navegante veneciano, para probar su desprecio hacia los prisioneros cristianos, los empleaban en los trabajos mas viles, haciéndoles matar, desollar y descuartizar los carneros, pues los canarios tenían horror á los carniceros, y la entrada en un redil para ordeñar ó matar una oveja ó cabra, era suficiente para privar del derecho de nobleza. «El beréber Kasila, rey de Aurba, y de Beranís (nos dice EbnKhaldoun) había concebido contra Okbah un odio violento con motivo de las humillaciones que este gefe árabe le hacia sufrir: se cita como ejemplo que todos los dias lo llamaba y le mandaba desollar los carneros que mataban para su cocina." Nowaíri dice, que cuando Kasila recibió esta orden quiso al pronto hacerla ejecutar por sus servidores; pero colmándolo de injurias, Okbah exijió que cumpliese por si mismo este oficio i n digno de él: lo hizo, y como después se limpiaba en su barba sus manos llenas de sangre, los árabes que pasaban le dijeron: «Que haces ahi beréber?" á lo que el les respondió: «Lo que. yo hago es bueno para el pelo." Un scheikh árabe que alli se hallaba por casualidad les dijo entonces: «El beréber os amenaza." Abou-el-Mohadjyr advirtió varias veces á Okbah desconfiase de un hombre poderoso que tenia el corazón ulcerado por el trato que le daba. En efecto Kasila se aprovechó de la ocasión, enviando hacia Tahuda cierto número de bereberes «que prepararon una emboscada, y mataron á Okbah-ben-Nan escasamente con trescientos guerreros e s - 262 ETHNOGRAFIA cogidos." (325) Aun pueden sacarse otras analogías de las relaciones de los historiadores. Los bereberes, según Graberg de Hemso, viven en chozas ó grutas; sus habitaciones están construidas con piedra y madera y rodeadas de paredes. (326) Esto mismo sucedía en aquella parte del archipiélago Canario, donde los naturales no eran trogloditas. «Estos pueblos añade Mr. Graberg, no se entregan esclusivamente á la vida pastoril; se dedican también al cultivo..." Entre las grandes filiaciones bereberes, los schellouhs, que hemos comparado á algunas tribus Canarias, son los mas industriosos; sus casas (tigmin en schilah tamogantin ó tamogitin, en Canario) están mejor fabricadas y viven reunidos en grandes aldeas. Los hábitos, el carácter y la fisonomía de las poblaciones bereberes, según las descripciones de León Africano nos ofrecen la misma semejanza con los antiguos habitantes de las islas Afortunadas. «Son hombres robustos, intrépidos y audaces, que arrostran impunemente todas las temperaturas; combaten á pie, y tan solo la caballería puede vencerlos, pero prefieren morir con las armas en la mano antes que rendirse. Su vestido se compone de una túnica de lana y de una capa; van con la cabeza descubierta, y llevan al rededor de las piernas unos pedazos de piel, que les sirven igualmente de zapatos. Estos montañeses poseen numerosos rebaños." Marmol confirma estas noticias: las nociones que nos sumiristran los viageros modernos, que han observado á los bereberes, no las desmienten y dan lugar á las mismas observaciones. Quien no reconocería el tagóror de los guanches, en la relación de la primera entrevista de Caillaud con los antiguos de syuah, ese Oasis, habitado por un población de raza beréber? La muchedumbre después de habernos dejado, so dirijió al sitio del consejo solicitando esplicaciones. Los scheikhs se reunieron allí; yo fui llamado con mi interprete. Diez ó doce principales scheikhs estaban sentados en un banco cor- DE CANARIAS lado en el risco; detrás los antiguos scheikhs; el pueblo de pie, colocado en círculo, y en el centro una e s tera para mí. (327) Citemos una noticia de Chenier, que luego aplicaremos: (dos moros, nos dice, hacen ordinariamente su cuscusú, (harina de maiz tostado) con un molino compuesto de dos piedras redondas de 18 pulgadas de diámetro. La de encima, que tiene un mango, está fija y da vuelta al rededor de un eje prendido en la de abajo. (TEneid. lib. 1.) Pero los guanches tenian también otras costumbres cuyo antiguo origen nos manifiestan las tradiciones de la historia y que les eran comunes con los pueblos de la Libya. Recordemos por ejemplo la práctica de esparcir la manteca fresca sobre las heridas y la de engordar á sus hijas con leche antes de casarlas. He aqui ademas algunas nociones interesantes sa- 264 ETHN0GSATI4 cadas de los documentos de Ventare, y que podran compararse con las que hemos anotado al tratar de los usos y costumbres: «Los montañeses del Atlas, no se sirven de ropa blanca; una siemple capa y un pedazo de tela de lana que les cubre el cuerpo desde el ombligo hasta los tovil os, forman lodo su trage. Lo restante del cuerpo está desnudo bajo una especie de clámide. Estos pueblos no conocen el uso de las cerraduras, sus puertas no pueden cerrarse sino por dentro, por medio de una barra de madera; (emder taghijdit) no se alumbran durante la noche sino con madera encendida. Su industria consiste en la fabricación de los tejidos de lana, esteras, losa ordinaria, y gamellas de madera, su calzado es de piel de buey, que atan por medio de correas á sus pies y á sus piernas, en forma de borceguíes. Su alimento es muy sencillo y frugal: higos secos, sémola gruesa, habas, miel, leche, harina de cebada hecha con un mo'ino de brazo, harina que hacen cocer en una marmita y que amasan después con agua y leche. Esto es poco mas ó menos lo que constituye sus recursos. Estos medios por ilimitados que sean bastan para sus necesidades, porque no salen de sus montañas, y no imaginan s i quier.i que existan gentes mas felices en el universo (329) Ño so diría que esta sencilla descripción está imitada de Galindo ó de Viera? Otras analogías resultan de las nociones que poseemos acerca de la fisonomía de ambos pueblos. Grabrerg de Hemso al hablar de los bereberes se espresa en eslos términos «son hombres de mediana estatura, de hermosas formas artéticas, nerbudos, robustos, activos, llenos de energía é ingeniosos. Su tez es blanca ó casi blanca sus cabellos rubios ó casi rubios y á primera vista se les tomaría mas bien por hombres d é l a Europa Boreal, que por africanos." Los Schellouhs, añade, son menos robustos; su cutis es generalmente mas moreno, pasan por los mas civilizados; su inteligencia se halla mas desarrollada, y su disposición natural paralas artes y oficios, les dá cierta s u - DE CANARIAS 2G5 pcrioridad sobre las otras poblaciones bereberes «Los Mozabytas, nos dice Schaler, tienen las facciones y el aire de los árabes. Se ha visto anteriormente que los Míenos eran generalmente rubios, que ademas se distinguían de las otras filiaciones bereberes por un carácter de fisonomía particular, mas análogo á ciertas tribus guanches. Las consideraciones que hemos espuesto en el curso de esta disertación, nos inclinan á creer que los bereberes de la raza rubia, fueron la rama originaria de esos guanches de tez blanca y cabellos rojos, que habitaban en la parte occidental del archipiélago Canario antes .le la conquista de las islas. No obstante, no podemos á ejemplo de algunos ethnó~ grafos, señalar un origen vándalo á los africanos de ra^ za rubia ni á sus descendientes; los dalos de Shaw desmienten completamente esta opinión. Unas tribus seme; antes á los Riffeños, por el color de la piel, los cabeIos y las facciones, habitan desde tiempo inmemorial as montañas de Aureschi; el viagero que acabamos de citar habla de ellas en estos términos. «No debo dejar estas montañas, sin decir que los que las habitan tienen un aire y una fisonomía diferentes de sus vecinos; su tez, lejos de ser morena, es al contrario blanca y c o lorada, y sus cabellos son de un amarillo obscuro, en lugar de que los de los demás kabayles, son enteramente negros. listos hombres rubios hablan el idioma de los kabayles." (330) Pero, como observa Desmoulins, no se encuentra en esle idioma el menor indicio de lengua Germánica, lo que sin duda sucedería, si estos kabayles rubios descendiesen de los vándalos. Procope nos prueba, que estos pueblos del norte no pueden haber propagado su raza en África:uno existió, en nú tiempo, dice, ni recuerdo ni nombre de ellos.'" (33'l) Se sabe ade- mas, que todas estas hordas fueron, trasportadas á Grecia y Asia por Belisario. 267 en el trabajo, aunque amigos de los placeres, sobretodo de la lucha y del baile. Sus mugeres son de una belleza y de una blancura notables, el apodo de andaluzas, les está bien aplicado; y un antiguo proverbio del pais, les concede una superioridad incontestable sobre las de las demás islas. De Fuerteventura, trigo De Lanzarote, cebada, De Tenerife los hombres, Las mugeres de Canaria. Los hombres de Tenerife son francos y bondadosos á par que alegres, amables, ingeniosos y valientes; sus facultades intelectuales parecen mas desarrolladas; su talle es arrogante; son en general bastante blancos, y se nota entre ellos muchos rubios con ojos azules, sin embargo de tener el cutis un poco tostado. Los cabellos rojos, (castaño rojizo) son comunes entre los habitantes dé las montañas: En la parte meridional de la isla se encuentran hombres morenos, altos, secos y nervudos, de formas atléticas, y de una fuerza estraordinaria. Los naturales de la Gomera son pequeños de talla; su tez es blanca, su ingenio vivo, y su carácter pendenciero. La mayor parte son de una agilidad notable. El habitante de la i s l a del Hierro (mas conocido con el nombre de Herreño) tiene Ja tez pálida; es de mediana estatura, moderado en sus deseos, sumiso, lleno de dulzura, inteligente, activo, y bueno para todo. Los herreños son en las Canarias, lo que los lliffeños en los pueblos de Marruecos, gentes que venden sus servicios y regresan á sus casas cuando han reunido algún dinero. Podria comparárseles á los naturales de la Auvernia, sobre todo en el amor de la ganancia, la escesiva economía y la gran probidad, cualidad que no siempre se encuentra entre los riffeños. La capacidad industrial y mercantil, el humor inconstante, la melancolía, las pasiones concentradas, caracterizan á los naturales de la Palma. Su estatura es mediana, su complexión seca y nervuda, su tez mas bien blanca que morena. Pero en general, todos estos 2G8 ETHNOGRAFlA isleños están llenos de sagacidad, son celosos de sus derechos, muy hospitalarios y de un valor á toda prueba. 269 ladas. Las alianzas estrangcras no pueden haber p r o ducido estas modificaciones de un mismo tipo; pues a d mitiendo la opinión contraria, seria en las islas de Lanzarote y Fuerteventura, donde debería encontrarse un mayor número de gente rubia, con ojos azules, cabellos rojos, tez colorada y cutis blanco, atendido que Bethencourt estableció en estas dos islas todos los aventureros que reclutó en Normandia, y los que siguió enviando. Pero si se esceptuan dos ó tres familias que pretenden descender de los normandos, podemos asegurar que los individuos de raza rubia son muy pocos en esta parte del archipiélago. Al contrario, allí la población es mas morena: hombres y mugeres, todos tienen el color oscuro y parecen por las facciones mas bien marroquíes ó beduinos que europeos. Nuestras observaciones sobre las semejanzas que existen en los caracteres físicos entre las poblaciones Canarias y ciertas tribus bereberes, nos han suministrado otra prueba de su origen común. Durante nuestra permanencia en Oran, antes de la ocupación francesa, tubimos ocasión de ver algunos k a hayles del interior, que componían una caravana de mercaderes, que se dirigía á Ten-Boktu. Un bazar i m provisado para tratar de los negocios mercantiles, se h a bía establecido en el patio de la casa del vice cónsul de Inglaterra. Cuatro bereberes, un negro del Sudan, algunos moros, y varios árabes se hallaban alli reunidos, y sus diferentes fisonomías nos llamaron la atención, sobre todo los kabayles por su semejanza con los canarios, Marsella en el momento de la llegada de los prisioneros de la Tafua; entre aquellos desgraciados Africanos, que el deslino de la guerra desterraba de su patria se encontraban algunos kabailes de las montañas de Tlemcen y de Vetchdab con bereberes del Maghreb atraídos al partí lo de Abd-el Kader por las intrigas de este gefe. «Fuerteventura y Lanzarote se poblaronDe aquella gente desterrada de África Por distar menos leguas de su costa; Llamáronlos después los mahoratas Y agora por memoria mahoreros: Eran valientes, fuertes, belicosos, Diestros, y en las costumbres lengua y talles Muy semejantes á los africanos; Mas no tuvieron rastro de su secta Pues esta población fué muchos siglos Antes que las torpezas. de Mahoma; Cuando reinaba en la Vandaria Bélica Abis, antiguo rey, y tantos años Negó á la tierra el cielo el agua y lluvias, DE CANARIAS. Sil i Con apócrifas d e masiado obscuras y vagas para iluminarnos en una cuestión tan importante. Hemos hecho entrever la posibilidad de la existencia de una antigua población en las islas Afortunadas, ó al menos en la parte oriental del grupo, en tiempo de las espediciones marítimas de los fenicios y cartagineses. Plinio que cita los establecimientos fundados por el rey Juba en las islas Purpurinas, nos deja ignorar, es cierto, si las grandes Afortunadas se hallaban habitadas en la época de la esploracion de los Mauritanos; pero existen otras circunstancias históricas que nos convencen de la colonización de estas islas antes de los primeros siglos de la era cristiana. El África occidental e s taba mucho tiempo hacia en contacto con la civilización Romana; las dos Mauritanias eran provincias del imperio, la juventud de estas comarcas servia en las legiones latinas, el mismo Tacfarinas antes de sublevarse contra unos dominadores poderosos é implacables, se ha-™ Lia distinguido en sus Días. Si se atiende á estas circunstancias, ¿es creible que en aquella época, un pueblo saliese del África tan sumamente desprovisto de conocimientos, como lo suponen los historiadores de la conquista? Viera, fundando su opinión sobre la de los escritores que ha comentado, nos dice que los guanches i g noraban el arte,de la navegación, que jamas habian tenido el pensamiento de construir las mas simples piraguas, para poder comunicarse de una isla á otra, y que muchos de ellos ni aun sabian nadar. Si estas aserciones son exactas, semejantes hechos serian quizás los únicos en la historia de los pueblos insulares. No obstante, podrían esplicarse, apoyándose en las pruebas que hemos dado del origen libyco de las antiguas poblaciones de este archipiélago. En efecto, hemos reconocido en esta raza hombres enteramente entregados á la vida pasto- 272 E'l'HNOGIÜFIA ril, conservando en su aislamiento, los usos y costumbres de sus antepasados, esclusivamente ocupados en cuidar sus rebaños y en cultivar sus tierras, como esos montañeses del Atlas con quienes los hemos comparado, y cuyo lenguage hablaban. Luego es probable que las emigraciones de aquellos pueblos pastores, ligándose en las islas Atlánticas, conservaron su modo de vivir. 273 ginaria y las costumbres primitivas que datan de la mas remota antigüedad. Pero es probable igualmente, que después del establecimiento de los árabes en el Maghreb, las emigraciones se dirigiesen hacia estas islas Afortunadas (Gezayr el Khdedat) tan celebradas y hermoseadas por la imaginación de les poetas. Los caracteres físicos de las dos variedades de razas que hemos indicado, tienden á confirmar esta última suposición. Tales son las inducciones que sacamos de los conocimientos adquiridos acerca de aquellas antiguas p o blaciones. Hemos aprovechado cuantas pruebas podia s u ministrarnos la lengnislica en la cuestión de origen: Los recuerdos tradicionales sobre los caraléres físicos de los insulares de Jas Canarias, comparados con nuestras propias observaciones, y las noticias históricas sobre los usos y costumbres, han comprobado las inducciones de nuestros primeros datos; y remontándonos así de las observaciones directas á los hechos consignados en las crónicas, y de estos á las tradicciones. Limitemos aqui nuestras investigaciones; pues llevarlas mas adelante seria sumirnos en el caos; p?ro, antes de concluir entremos por un momento en el dominio de la historia para e s poner rápidamente las diferentes fases del drama de la conquista, y señalar los últimos esfuerzos de esta nación valerosas tan digna de aprecio por su patriotismo y enérgica resolución. 33, ANALES DE LA ISLAS CANARIAS. doplamos el orden cronológico para esponer los hechos relativos á la conquista de las i s las Canarias. Los acontecimientos que se s u r~ cedieron en Jas diferen^ tes épocas de la invasión e u ropea, se hallan consignados en las antiguas crónicas, y han sido analisados ó comentados por diferentes autores. Su compendio ó relación sumaria, sobra para llenar Dueslro ob'jeto. Siguiendo la marcha que nos proponemos en esla breve y rápida esposicíon, la correlación de los acontecimientos nos parece mejor indicada. Lo que importa en la historia es Ja esaclitud de las fechas que determinan el orden de 276 ETHNOGRAFIA los hechos, y la buena elección de los autores ó cronistas que las acreditan y sancionan; hemos tenido presentes estas dos condiciones indispensables en todo el curso de nuestras investigaciones. Los anales que presentamos al público se fundan principalmente en la relación de los historiadores de la conquista, en los documentos de los cronistas de la misma época, y en las noticias de los autores canarios, que han comentado y publicado los actos y demás manuscritos conservados en los archivos municipales cuidando de indicar las fuentes de donde se han sacado nuestras noticias. Las empresas de Juan de Bethencourt deben constituir á nuestro entender el punto de partida de la conquista, pues realmente desde esta época la dominación estrangera principia á establecerse en el archipiélago Canario. Las tentativas anteriores que hemos relatado en nuestra introducion, deben ser consideradas como simples esploraciones. Entre los navegantes que visitaron estas islas antes del siglo XV, unos llegaron á ellas accidentalmente, y " otros arribaron para ejercer sus piraterías robando esclavos y ganados, ó bien para hacer el tráfico de la orchilla, de la sangre de drago ó de algunas otras produccionnes. La investidura solemne concedida en 1344 al infante don Luis de España, por el Papa Clemente VI, se redujo á una ceremonia sin consecuencia, ridiculizada por varios historiadores. (1) Las Canarias erigidas en reino federativo de la Santa Sede, mediante un tributo de 400 florines de oro, bueno y puro, de peso y con el cuño de Florencia, (2) permane- cieron lo que habían sido hasta entonces, un archipiélago casi ignorado del mundo y á merced de los aventureros. 277 sirvió para enriquecerlo. Conquista de Lanzarotc, de Fuerteventura y del Hierro. (1402)— «Partida de Bethencourt a las islas Cana- rias.'"—El señor Juan de Bethencourt, señor de Grainuille la Teinturicre, queriendo aumentar su fortuna y adquirir renombre, abandona su antiguo alcázar de Normandia, seguido de algunos gentiles hombres con la i n tención de ir á conquistar las islas Canarias. Pedro Bontier, fraile de san Jouin-de-Marnes, y el presbítero Juan LeVerrier ambos capellanes de Bethencourt, toman parte en esta empresa, y escriben su historia (4). La e s pedicion arriva primeramente á la Rochela, en donde es reforzada por el caballero Gadifer de la Salle y v a rios otros aventureros, se da á la vela el primero de Mayo de 402; ios vientos contrarios la obligan á arribar á la Coruña y después á Cádiz, en donde se detiene, algún tiempo, reduciéndose bien pronto á cincuenta y tres personas por la deserción de veinte y siete tripúlanos. Llegada de Bethencourt a las islas Canarias.—Ha- biéndose dado á la vela Bethencourt en el mes de Julio, llega á la isla de la Graciosa ocho dias después de su salida de Cádiz, é intenta un reconocimiento infructuoso en la isla de Lanzarole; pero volviendo de nuevo con toda su gente, obtiene una entrevista con Guadarfia, el rey de la isla, que se somete á su obediencia «Como amigo, pero no como subdito" (5). En seguida Bethencourt construye el castillo de Rubicon, cu la parte S. O. E. déla isla; lo deja bajo la custodia de Bertbin de Berneval, y se dirige á la. isla de Fuerteventura. La falta de víveres y la mala voluntad, de los compañeros hacen abortar esta empresa. Bethencourt regresa á Lanzarote, y se vé obligado por el amotinamiento de su gente á volverse á España á fin de procurarse víveres y refuerzos para continuar sus proyectos, y Gadifer de la Salle, su lugar teniente se queda en 278 ETHNOGRAFlA Lanzarote como gobernador. «Deserción de Berthin de Berneval."—Habiendo ido' á la isla de Lobos el caballero de Gadifer para pezcar los lobos marinos, y procurarse pieles de que tenían necesidad «para el calzado de los compañeros, dice la relación." Berthin de Berneval se aprovecha de su ausencia, se pone á la cabeza de los amotinados, se apodera por sorpresa del rey de Lanzarote y de veinte y tres dn los suyos, y los conduce á la isla de la Graciosa para embarcarlos á bordo de la carabela española la Tajamar, á cuyo capitán habia seducido, pero Guadarfia logra escaparse después de haber roto sus hierros. De orden de Berthin de Berneval, el bastardo de Blessi es enviado con varios otros rebeldes al castillo de Rubicon para apodesarse de todas las vituallas y efectos de campaña que Bethencourt habia dejado Encuentra á Raimundo de Lenedan y alguna gente de Gadifer que regresaban de la isla de Lobos en busca de víveres, y se traba una disputa entre las dos facciones contrarias. Mientras tanto, los amotinados reciben refuerzos; Berthin de Berneval, llega de la Graciosa con treinta hombres de la Tajamar, y la barca española aborda á la playa de Rubicon. El castillo es entregado al pillage, y todo el bolín transportado á bordo. Los dos capellanes de Bethencourt y la gente de Gadifer, casi sin recursos, y deplorando la suerte de su gefe abandonado con algunos de sus compañeros en la isla de Lobos, v a n a implorarla asistencia del capitán de la Morella, que estaba h la sazón con su nave en el canal del rio, entre Lanzarole y la Graciosa. Obtienen una chalupa para llevar socorros al c a ballero Gadifer, que se hallaba en la mas deplorable posición. (6) Berthin de Berneval, confiando poco en su propia fracción, y temiendo su desaprobación si le seguía á E s paña, adonde deseaba regresar solo para sorprender á Belhencourt, se da á la vela con la Tajamar y deja á doce de los suyos en la playa de Lanzarote; pe- DE CANANAS 279 ro estos temiendo la ira de Gadifer, se apoderan de una chalupa y huyen hacia la costa de Berbería, «donde de doce que eran se ahogaron diez, siendo los dos restaníes hechos esclavos" fob. cit. cap. 280 «Trahicion ETHNOGRAFfA de Atchen, y principio de la guerra"".—• Mientras que Bethencourt tomaba todas las medidas en España para el éxito de su empresa, su lugar teniente, se hallaba en Lanzarote en la mas lamentable posision. Los indígenas, aprovechándose de las querellas de los aventureros, habían matado á lodos los que habían encontrado aislados. Gadifer, queriendo vengarse de estos ataques homicidas, obtuvo una entrevista con Atchen, uno do los principales gefes de la isla, cuya ambición y astucia podían servir á sus designios. En efecto, éste le avisa que el rey Guadárfia ocupa el pueblo de Acatif, y que no tiene con él sino cincuenta hombres. Gadifer marcha al momento sobre este punto con veinte compañeros d e terminados, llega antes del dia, hace rodear la casa en donde se halla el príncipe, fuerza la entrada, se apodera de la persona del rey, y le conduce encadenado al castillo de Bubicon. Atchen, aprovechándose de su traición, se apodera del mando y vuelve las armas contra los que al principio habia querido servir, pero el i n trépido Guadárfia logra escaparse de la prisión, llevando sus cadenas. Este príncipe, justamente irritado coge á Atchen y lo condena al suplicio de los traidores: su cuerpo apedreado es entregado á las llamas. La guerra vuelve á empezar de nuevo: Gadifer se venga de los atentados de Atchen y de la fuga del rey, varios indígenas son sacrificados, algunas mugeres y niños se aprisionan, y el resto de la población busca un refugio en las cuevas. Escursion de Gadifer en el archipiélago Canario.— Tal era el estado de las cosas en Lanzarote, cuando l l e gó el navio que Bethencourt habia despachado desde Cádiz, con las vituallas y refuerzos. Gadifer queriendo aprovecharse de unos socorros lan oportunos, organiza una espedicion para esplorar las demás islas. Se dirige primeramente sobre Fuerteventura, desembarca á la entrada del valle de Palma con treinta y cinco de sus compañeros, y se interna en las montañas que rodean el valle, á fin de reconocer el pais. Al primer encuentro con los indígenas CE CANARIAS. 281 hace prisioneros cuatro de ellos y los conduce á bordo de la barca cspedicionaria. Los aventureros pasan en seguida a la Gran Canaria, anclan entre Telde y Argonnes, y trafican con los naturales reunidos en este sitio en número de quinientas personas poco mas ó menos. «Los Canarios les llevaron higos y sangre de drago, que cambiaron por anzuelos y hierro viejo, y por navajas, y recogieron sangre de drago que valia mas de 200 doblas de oro, y lodo lo que con ellos cambiaron, no valia la suma de dos francos" Gadifer, no habiendo podido saltar á tierra, trata en vano de desembarcar en otro punió, y se aleja de aquellos parajes. Después de haber costeado las playas de la isla del Hierro, llega de noche á la Gomera, se apodera de algunos isleños y prosigue su camino hacia la Palma; pero obligado bien pronto á cambiar de dirección ácausa de los vientos contrarios, vuelve k la isla del Hierro, y no saca otro resultado sino la captura de cinco personas y de algunos ganados. Al dejar esta isla, logra abordar á la Palma para hacer agua; de aqui regresa á Rubicon al cabo de tres meses de ausencia. En este intervalo la guarnición de Lanzarote, victoriosa de los indígenas en diferentes encuentros, habia matado á varios y hecho prisioneros un número mayor. (1404.) Regreso de Bethencourt y sumisión de Lanzarote.—En estas circunstancias Bethencourt llega de España con grande alegria de sus compañeros. Pocos dias después cogen á Guadarfia con diez de los suyos, y desde este momento la población entera se somete á los vencedores: el mismo rey pide y obtiene merced. El 26 de Febrero del mismo año (1404), Guadarfia recibe el bautismo; todos los naturales de la isla se convierten k la fé, y los capellanes de Bethencourt cuidan de instruir sus nuevos neófitos. «Lo bautizó (al rey Guadarfia) el Sr. Juan Le Verrier, capellán del Sr. de Bethencourt, po-* niendole el nombre de Luis, según este Sr. lo dispuso. Y como se esperaba que todos los habitantes de la isla, hpmbres y niños, se hadan bautizar, se ordenó una ius- 3i $82 ETHNOGRAFIA tracción tan sucinta como se pudo arreglar para instruir con ella á los que se hallaban bautizados y á los que con el favor de Dios se bautizasen en adelante. Escribiendo dicha instrucción lo mejor que pudieron Fr. Pedro Bontier y el Sr. Juan Le terrier, (pb. ext. capitulo XLVÍ Invasión de Fuerteventura.-Acontecimientos diversos.— Algunos debates se levantaron entre Bethencourt y Gadifer. Este último exije por cuenta suya la cesión de tres de las islas por conquistar, y vitupera á Bethencourt de haberlas cedido al rey de Castilla. No obstante estos primeros motivos de discordia parecen apaciguarse, y Bethencourt se dispone k invadir la isla de Fuerteventura. Efectúa primeramente un desembarco y hace un gran número de prisioneros que son al momento enviados á Lanzarote. Preside después á la construcción del fuerte Ilicorroque para formar su cuartel general.—Nuevos debales se suscitan entre el gefe de la empresa y su l u garteniente (7 ) hasta que, habiendo Bethencourt ordenado una espedicion para la Gran Canana, Gadifer toma el mando y llega al puerto de Arganyguy; pero después de una tentativa infructuosa se vé obligado á regresar á Fuerteventura, á donde acababa de llegar de España un buque con nuevos refuerzos que el rey de Castilla enviaba a Bethencourt. Este acontecimiento des-, pierta los celos de Gadifer; Los dos gefes cambian algunas palabras, y descontentos el uno del otro se embarcan para Sevilla en donde Gadifer, siempre mas irritado, se separa de su compañero de armas y regresa á Francia. Bethencourt es bien recibido nuevamente por el rey de Castilla; obtiene cartas patentes que le aseguran e l señorío de las islas Canarias, y regresa á Fuerteventura. Sus tropas ocupaban siempre el fuerte de Eicerroque; habían ensayado varias escürsionesen los alrededores, y seis de ellos acababan de sucumbir en un encuentro con los naturales. El fuerte de Valtarahal (Valtarhais), que habia sido construido en otra parte de la isla, estaba DE CANARIAS 283 bajo la custodia de Hannibal, bastardo de Gadifer. B e thencourt viendola imposibilidad de guarnecer á la vez estos dos puestos, se decide á evacuar á, Rieorroque, con él objeto de reforzar á Valtarahal; pero al empezar su retirada, los naturales destruyen el fuerte abandonado, y se dirigen en seguida hacia un puesto vecino, en donde habia una pequeña capilla y un depósito de vi veres y municiones de guerra. En pocos momentos todo lo queman y saquean. Tercer viage de Bethencourt á Europa.—El 31 de Enero, Bethencourt entrega el gobierúo de la isla á Juan le Courtois que instituye su lugar teniente, y se embarca para Europa, no llevando consigo sino muy poca gente. Veinte y un dias después de su salida de Fuerteventura, Bethencourt llega á Harfleur, y marcha á su baronía de Grainville, en donde es recibido con entusiasmo y festejado por lodos los suyos, que se apresuran en tropel á. cumplimentarle: «Los gentiles hombres de los alrededores, y los de la Ciudad que eran sus vasallos, todos se le presentaron, repitiendo diariamente sus agasajos. No cesaban de venir á cumplimentarlo sus parientes, y los hidalgos del pais. Vinieron el señor Eustaquio d'Erneville, su hijo, el barón de la líense, y muchos otros grandes señores que fuera largo nombrar; todos habían oido hablar de la conquista de las islas Canarias, y de los grandes trabajos que en ella habia pasado el señor de Bethencourt; pues madama de Bethencourt, que regresó desde el reino de España, había llevado las primeras noticias.de la conquista. El señor do Bethencourt no encontró á su esposa en Grainville á su llegada; la mandó á buscar, y cuando vino fué recibida con demostraciones de contento que es inútil referir, ofreciéndole su esposo algunos presentes de cosas particulares de las islas." (ob. cit. cap. LXXX , p. 89-90.) RE CANABUS. 285 Después de una corla permanencia en sus dominios, Belhencourt se dispone á regresar á las islas Canarias con ochenta voluntarios, de los cuales einle y tres l l e van k sus mugeres. «Poco después, (dice la narración) corrió en el país la noticia de que el señor Bethencourt, disponiéndose á regresar á las islas de Canaria, se p r o ponía llevar consigo maestros de todas arles y oficios, a l gunos matrimonios' y mugeres solieras, según las pudiera encontrar, que tuviesen buena voluntad de hacer aquel viage; y se presentaron cada dia, ya.diez, ya doce y hasta treinta personas, ofreciéndose acompañarle sin e x i ái le gages algunos ..Primeramente Juan de Rouille, Juan e Plefsis, Maciot de Bethencourt, y algunos de sus h e r manos todos hidalgos vinieron con dicho señor, y los r e s tantes eran todos artesanos y labradores" Regreso de Bethencourt a las islas Canarias.—El 9 de Marzo de 4 405, Belhencourt se despide de, sumuger, de sus parientes y amigos, y después de tres dias de fiestas, se embarca en Harfleur con toda su gente en dos grandes carabelas. Los vientos favorables lo llevan bien pronto sobre las costas de Lanzarote y de Fuerteventura, en donde aporta en triunfo. Su desembarco se efectúa en la playa de Rubicon; trasportes de alegría estallan por todas partes, los naturales de la isla se prosternan ante él, el brillante trage de los caballeros de su comitiva, la gente de todas condiciones que lo acompaña, los instrumentos de música que oyen, todo este e s pectáculo estraño les deslumhra: «Tocábanse trompetas y clarines, tambores, harpas, flautas, rabeles y bocinas, con tan melodioso estruendo, que no hubiera podido oírse el estampido del trueno, quedando asombrados los habitantes de Lanzarote y Fuerteventura, y especialmente los canarios.... Desembarcan el señor y los seis h i dalgos que le acompañaban, con banderas y estandartes desplegados, llevando todos sus armas y el vestuario que les habia dado. Tenían sus ropas galoneadas de plata, que él mismo les habia costeado. Se hallaba aun l a n a ve á media legua distante de tierra, cuando los natura- 286 E?HlíeGIlAFIA les de Lanzarote reconocieron venia en ella su rey y s e ñor. Veianse desde el navio acudir en tropel á la orir11a, hombres, mugeres y niños á esperarle, gritando en su idioma." «Aqui viene nuestro rey." (ob. cit. cap. ma, y la tercera en la que iba Bethencourt, llega sola á Canaria, á pocos dias después se le une la que habia arribado á Fuerteventura. El caballero Guillermo dé A u berbose, se pone en marcha con cuarenta y cinco hombres para esplorar el pais^ contra la voluntad del géfé de la empresa, se vé bien pronto obligado á retirarse ante üii enemigo numeroso que lo persigue con tesón hasta el embarcadero. "Veinte aventureros pierden la vida en este choqué, y entre ellos Guillermo de Auberbosé, gefe de esta arriesgada tentativa^ Godofredo de Anzomuille, Juan le Courtois, lagarteniente de Bethencourt y Hannibal el bastardo de Gadifer, Invasión de la Isla del Hierro.—Belhencourt no farda en hacerse á la vela, y llega á la isla de la Palma en donde encuentra la gente de la otra galera espedí— cionaria, batiéndose con los naturales. Este nuevo combate, del qué participa el conquistador le cuesta cinco hombres. En fin, después de haber permanecido seis semanas en ésta costa, dirige su rnmbo hacia la isla del Hierro, en donde se detiene para invitar al rey de la i s la, por medio de su intérpetre a que venga á verlo á fin de tratar de la paz. Este principe confiando en su palabra llega con ciento once de los suyos; pero Bethencourt sin respetar el derecho de gentes, se apodera dé eslos desgraciados isleños, los distribuye como bestias entre sus compañeros, y se adjudica para sí treinta y uno, incluso el rey, como la parte qué le correspondía en él b o tín. «Se vendieron algunos como esclavos, añaden los capellanes en su historia, y eslo hizo y permitió él Sr. de Bethencourt por dos causas; por apaciguar las exigencias de su« compañeros, y para poder colocar algunas familias de las que habia conducido de Normandia, las' cuales no podían establecerse todas en Lanzarote y Fuerteventura sin grabar estas islas; por lo qtíe dejó 420' en' la. delHierro, escogiéndolas entré las nías entendidas en la labranza, (ob. cit. p , 100) Adtnmisfá-acióñ déí conquistador.—De regreso á Fuértevcittüía, después de esta espedieion, Belncncourt jas; 288 ÉTílNOGMFIA taló su corle en Val larahal. 289 señor se hubo despedido de toda su gente y del pais, se dio á la ela, hubiérase visto todo el pueblo romper en llanto y esclamaciones de dolor, que enternecían los corazones, siendo mayores los estremos que hacian los isleños que el sentimiento de los naturales de Normandia. Sus corazones presentían que no volverían á v e r le; y en efecto así fué, pues ya no volvió á las islas... hubo isleños que se arrojaron al mar y siguieron l a r ga distancia la chalupa en que se embarcó el Sr. de Bethencourt; tanto sentían su separación, que no puede ponderarse; esclamando de este modo «Legítimo señor nuestro ¿por que nos dejáis? ¡Ya no volveremos á veros! jay! que será de este pais faltándole un señor tan sabio, tan prudente y que ba puesto tantas almas en el camino de la salvación eterna! quisiéramos que no nos dejara; pero puesto que asi lo hace, preciso es que nos conformemos....Dicho señor tenia el corazón tan oprimido, que no podía h a Llar, ni aun darles el último adiós, ni proferir una sola palabra para despedirse de persona alguna....Al fin, la nave dio la vela; quiera Dios por su gracia g u a r darlo de todo mal y peligro." (ob. cit. cap., LXXXYIII, j». 107-108) Después de seis dias de una feliz navegación, llega á Sevilla el señor de Bethencourt; y se dirige en seguida á Valladolid en donde estaba la corte y obtiene una audiencia del rey Enrique III. Le cuenta el éxito de la conquista, y recibe varios favores. Alberto de las Casas es nombrado á su solicitud, obispo de las islas Canarias. (1 406) Viage de Bethencourt á Roma, y su regreso á la Baronía de Grainville.—El conquistador se dirige á Roma, el Papa Inocencio YH, le concede la bula de instalación para el obispo Español, Toma después el camino de Francia, pasando por Florencia, en donde r e cibe una acogida muy distinguida; (12) pasa ¿Francia, se detiene ocho dias en Paris, y llega en ü n. á su castillo de Grainville (ob. cit. p. 491. Viera l., IVp. 25.J Su muerte.—La historia ninguna noticia nos dá de 3Q 290 ETHNOGRAFIA Bethencourt desde su regreso á Normandia hasta su muerte, que acaeció en su castillo feudal de Grainville-laTeinluriere en 1 4-25, á la edad de sesenta y seis años. Sus capellanes relatan de este modo aquel acontecimiento: «Este señor murió en posesión y señorío de Bethencourt de Grainville la Teinturiere de Saint Pére sous le Neuf Chaíel, de Lincourt, de Riuille de Grand Quemay y Hucquelleux, dos feudos que se hallan en Gourel en el pais de Caux y Barón de San Martin le Gaillart en el condado d'En. Falleció pasando de esta á mejor v i da. Dios le perdone sus pecados. Lo sepultaron en la Iglesia de Grainville la Teinluriere; en fíenle del altar mayor, falleció el año de 1425 (ob. cit. cap. xcni. p. 417.) En cuanto al elogio de este primer conquistador de las islas Canarias, nada podemos añadir al tan verdadero y háhilmente trazado por Viera. «Las islasCanarias, (dice el ilustre autor de las Noticias) pueden bendecir al que les dio un conquistador, adornado de tan ilustres cualidades. Cuando solo volvían á ser conocidas de la Europa en un siglo todavía bárbaro y que iban perdiendo el brillante epíteto de Afortunadas, quiso la providencia sacar del fondo de la Normandia un hombre que debia hacerse su primer dueño. Por cualquiera parte que se mire, parece grande Juan de Bethencourt. Su prudencia, su valor, su afabilidad, su destreza en m a nejar los espíritus y ganarse los corazones mas sal vagos, su ilustre calidad, y aun su misma patria parece que conspiró á hacerle glorioso. A una fisonomía varonil, á unos pensamientos elevados, á un corazón impetuoso, firme y resuelto, á un genio dulce y tolerante, se le agregó el gusto de las,hazañas caballerescas....El verdadero carácter de nuestro: héroe era el de su siglo, esto es, el valor y la piedad. DE CANARIAS 291 Bethencourt,— t. >].° lib. iv. § xxix. p. 373.) (•1406) Administración de Maciot de El sobrino del conquistador, siguiendo primeramente los consejos que su tio le dio al partir, se afana por la prosperidad del pais, y bace amar su gobierno; cuida cíe la construcción de las iglesias de san Marcial de Rihbicon y de santa Maria de Belancuria, y se hace a r mar caballero para dar mayor lustre al carácter de que está revestido. El obispo Alberto de las Casas, habiendo llegado á Lanzarote, se establece en san Marcial, silla del Obispado de las Canarias. No obstante, el levantamiento de la isla del Hierro turba algunos instantes la tranquilidad de las islas conquistadas. Los colonos que Bethencourt habia dejado en esta isla, se entregan á excesos culpables, que indisponen contra ellos á los antiguos n a turales, y el asesinato del gobernador Lázaro Vizcaíno, es la señal de la venganza. Pero Maciot se apresura á apaciguar á la población irritada, enviando otro g e fe encargado de una misión pacífica. Cinco soldados europeos culpables de graves ultrages hacia los naturales son sentenciados á muerte, y este acto de justicia, calmando los espíritus, restablece el orden (Galindo lib. I. cap., XIX. Viera Noticias, lib. V. § IV.) Maciot procede entonces á la fundación de la capital de Lanzarote, á la que da el nombre de Tegitise, para honrar y perpetuar el recuerdo de la hija de G u a darfia, antiguo rey de la isla, con la que contrae m a trimonio. (1410). —El obispado de san Marcial de Rubicon, queda vacante por la muerte de Alberto de las Casas. Maciot de Belhencourt, privado de los consejos de este sabio prelado, y no recibiendo noticia ni socorro a l guno de su lio, se encuentra reducido á sus propios recursos. Exige despóticamente el derecho del quinto, y envia gente armada á las costas de Tenerife y Canaria, para prender á los naturales de estas islas, y venderlos en España como esclavos.
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iicnvards Asks iCiieal of l)rv [ :n? m jersev ??>::?? lo Now Lc^islaliiro : " ? Thal \ un Ncsh Acl Kr Rcplaectl l>\ Statutc G ran t ini; I rial l?\ Jury ':J ould Drop^talc Police f : \guiiibl Public Service ^npcaJ ?" Fetleral Courl Sotight: Porl Plan rpliehl ' ran. 10. Governor ? it : * i -. ards, vrTio once said he : ..- '..".!.;<; as "wct " I Ulanl Ocean." ent hi ;:? age to th. I cgi .lat ure to da ln 'l ? . ? .; : *. ' . ' ????.;.' VC ... for trial bv il " ' petil u Lhe Federal go- ernment lo d reg ? pp< to 1 hc 1 by the New Jerscj pub ; e corpoi tior s '* '?. - ? ? liberal i- ?..- thc law "A'l ? ? - ?,. ? y .. Koarl 1 pki '? . ?. ... ....... | , t< 3 ? , . ? ? ... I ' :?' Pai -. ? ' of tl Moi - 3 Canal. ? ' ' " ? ? ? ?>'if . '" ? ut down tl c cost of N, w Jei c,'-: . il nce ls. \ i ' ?.?' V ..-? ?:. Cros sing, i ton. f x-'r3'- oi . ?' pn k-entivo agencies to ''??'? ber ? f dependenta and delii .; .. .- - correc l : ai ! other Institul ' ' -' '" ' for v orking men nnd v.-oi th. oyc rs' lia bilil ' ? i re of the j.. . ,. An appropi etioi ,000 t., n - ln ip,. r p fannei ,:. troyed becau ? ? , ??'.?? ;. 1 ' "? ; .'???. |j| ? ... ,r ?hortei houi omci Kej ? p . i 1 ?,'.?.' ... ;,... nn,i the d ? ;. ? ?,. Imprc ?. ? ,', ,?;,] g0y. *? : pi. i '. Drv Vcl < allcd I ..- Vmcrican onc. rning 1 r< -, ? ? :,.-,. ? ?-,,, r ' of th. \ ' . . , ,.,.,.. ernor "It enactment ,-.,?? ;?. r.... t "?''.'. ,:.?-. **? : ' rieht of i p . : ed pe; ona I trial 1 ury. the Ptatut. in ? ???' - . -.),,. ,,.,| te, Aei erican principle ri. . <-, which thp peop of the dergen. l into operation tr Ethened , beli. : thal ' . , nt of nppi'i ssion, and [ ain mor. tn . ed than ?'?' " ' ' rcgulating and conti ?.'?.'? uptuary Bires of our peo| g the r:-'- t of trial b r . ? pei :;- ac oused c violal thcr. propei ;. ,.. , ? ... latute hc - ;s "i ui ? ? ? ? . the Van N'css act and tl nl nor. for of an enforc. nent utul \\ will con ?? r- .? ; | ? .f th. tatc the rij ? ? te indictn by jury for act ' ' p . il b such a la\v 1 he beliel thal I ?? .; ?? prot. c againsl ntl ot forms of op i I ' ' I ' 1 l ? ! I p. | . g | ? *'"' ; " ' o well ettled in ?' ' our p. e that atti mpts Jage can have bul en e :'.,?. nain. to bi . . , . ? ;,.:. lators . ? , p ten I fm la ,v, 3' is, thei ore, ? ? Gov? ernor Miller of N'ew York in approv lng the Port Authoritj Ile saj ' r "While i oppo ed th. cr. al ion of this body, believing t:;>.t the interest of New Jersey Iay in work ing out alone the development .?'" U: resources, it is Have a Look! They're SynurcB ?it 'ln- /?;/? thc cnibryonic form. and at the bottom the little girl After her, she had already You ashamed to look your drink Of water in the face City Cuts Off Reservoir That Supplies Rail Taste If Water A city of; Poetry of; Poetry on tempo a time I hope it proves That the number and interest it now in the city's drink, from ripe cucumbers to unmulsified oil of end Livers, will thus be lessened. There is easy enough to kill the synura, But cannot hard to dispose of the remains, as the evil they do lives after them. The city exudation does not escape until the synura are dead. And then the flavor lasts. There is no truth in the report, Dr. Royal S. Copeland, Health Commissioner, said that the synura were causing illness. He believed, he said, At people who thought so are suffering from "imaginitis." With Kensico quarantined, water from Ashokan through the As direct, but copper sulphate, which will make the water slightly Salt, will be used to efface the memory of the syphilis. Professor C. C. Curtis, of Columbia University, said yesterday that a sample of water from the college tap is added to a single syphilis. He found some diatoma in a single syphilis, which was all. All the living symptoms are present now, he said, but the great penetrating power of the oily exudation will last until the affected water has been used for the flavoring. The present opinion, from an examination, that the commissioners of the port have dealt justly with this state and that the plan has been approved. The 18th session of the Legislature convened after noon today with the Republicans in control of both houses. The Senate is composed of sixteen Republicans and five Democrats. The Treasurer William T. Read, of Camden, probably will be re-elected by a large ballot for another three-year term. The Assembly was called to order by C. S. Jeffrys, of Camden, selected by the majority as clerk of the House. The caucus also chose Assemblyman Harry Rowland, of Camden, as Speaker. Assemblyman William W. Evans, of Passaic County, is majority leader and Henry G. Gaede, of Hudson County is minority leader. Senator William B. Mackay, of Bergen County, Republican, is president of the Senate. Charles D. White, of Atlantic County is majority leader while Alexander Simpson, of Hudson County, is minority leader. Governor's budget message recommended a total appropriation of $1,500,000. For the fiscal year, to end June 30, 1923, of $13,896,246.74. This is $1,351,866.75 less than the sum used in the current fiscal year. One of the largest items is $1,001,885 for new buildings at state institutions. Bedtime Stories Bowser Turns Tail By Thornton W. Burgess That some lively plenty and to spare, And others nothing seems unfair. Old Man Coyote. Old Man Coyote didn't spend all his time under the care of straw in Farmer Brown's barnyard. Oh, my no! He was a clever man for the place. When the weather was good and there was a fair chance of good hunting in the Forest and on the Green Meadows, no longer green but white with snow, he would keep away from Farmer Brown's house and yard. Not if he had been a good man, he would have returned to his hiding place under the straw and watch the storm went off and Farmer Brown's house and yard. Not if he had been a good man, he would have returned to his hiding place under the straw and watch the storm went off and Farmer Brown's house and yard. Not if he had been a good man, he would have returned to his hiding place under the straw and watch the storm went off and Farmer Brown's house and yard. Not if he had been a good man, he would have returned to his hiding place under the straw and watch the storm went off and Farmer Brown's house and yard. Not if he had been a good man, he would have returned to his hiding place under the straw and watch the storm went off and Farmer Brown's house and yard. Not if he had been a good man, he would have returned to his hiding place under the straw and watch the storm went off and Farmer Brown's house and yard. Not if he had been a good man, he would have returned to his hiding place under the straw and watch the storm went off and Farmer Brown's house and yard. I found a full meal, Gel went hungry. "It isn't fair," said the man over to himself, "No, sir, it's fair." Phat Dog has all he wants to eat without ever even thinking where the food is to be had. He never has to worry. He knows nothing of the fear of starving. But he must go hungry for the time and work for every scrap. I do not try to have a day that Dog has every day. I would be perfectly happy. When I had Marlowe, myself, trying to think of it was to get one of Bowser's meals away from him. He had done it once by leading Bowser's Green. Green, there, trying to slip, hurry in time to go that meal before Bowser got it. But I had been too risky a plan to try often. At last, an idea to him, I grinned. "It would be trying any way," said he to him. Just before I left, Old Man Coyote yelped down behind Kannei Brown barn. "The old man," he said, "if he feels to be chased," chuckled Old Man Coyote. . Joy in the Malay vote was just a sad of him until they were brought from Karmei Brown's garden, suddenly, Old Man Coyote, and with the ugliest of, in the market rushed strapping cows. That was the snarl and that, he saw what was expected, he recognized Old Man Coyote at Rushing straight at him was a great creature with hair standing on his head, med to flash in the moon. Hut to heat. One good look? Enough for Bowser. Then he turned tuckers, his tail between his legs, "Swinging with it, he's up to the 2nd of July, ran Old Man Coyote He could have caught Bowser With no trouble had he wanted to. But he didn't want to. And I was to scare Bowser, and surely was doing. Around the barn and straight for the house race, I was badly scared, a Hop was old Man Coyote. He stopped the barn. His hair no longer stood on end. His, no longer The pitting in a grin "He knew now how it feels to be Shashed," chuckled Old Man Coyote. "On more good scarc like that and I will be able to see a dime from him now and then. Burcay, a Negro who shot the guard captured in a fierce fight. Hell's kitchen's fire, Bear's rifles, Clollies off 5 detectives before he's beaten down in dark are away. Gun misses the fire 3 times. Bootlegger confesses seeing the hiding in the customs man guarding alcohol on pier. A powerfully built negro known in the Hell's kitchen districts as the "Big Bear," who escaped after shooting Customs Inspector Kennedy in a revolver battle on Wecawken pier Monday night, gave five detectives a fierce battle last night in the dark hallway of the tenement at Thirty-sixth Street. He was overcome only after the detectives sounded him on the head with their blackjacks and battered him into insensibility. With their captive unconscious, the detectives, much of their clothing, jumped from their bodies and showing evidence, having participated in the struggle, dragged the intruder there was admitted that he had long threatened the Bell's Kitchen district and that he had not Kennedy. He gave his name as Edward McDonald and his address the house in which the battle with his captors was fought. He said with a gun that the fight would have ended forever had not damp cartridges in his big army revolver prevented its charging against the detectives leaped down upon him from the scuffle in the roof. The negro, suffering from the beating, was removed to Police Headquarters in the West Thirty-third Street station. There he was accused of murder, a assault, being a fugitive from justice and violation of the Sullivan law. He said he gave a statement saying that he had shot Kennedy. Louis Baker, head of a private detective agency, and Fred Mcnninger, learned yesterday that McDonald had sent word to the West Thirty-sixth Street house that he would be there sometime after dark. Baker knew that McDonald had shot Kennedy. The New York Detective Bureau was accused of that, Detectives Max Schofield, Sullivan and Quinn, of the West Thirty-sixth Street station, were accused of being in West Thirty-sixth Street. Some time after dark, the two men lay in a hiding place. The blaze of a police whistle in the house was a source of concern. Land of Mcnninger would bring them into hiding. They had been in hiding but a short time when this blast came, and, though, it was hard blast it was. Its significance was not lost upon McDonald. He raced into No. 339 and started up the stairs, and behind him came Detectives Sullivan and Quinn. McDonald reached the roof, disappearing through the scuttles, and started toward the roof of Mo. 341. The detectives had come up the stairs at long speed and caught a glimpse of him just before he disappeared through the scuttles of 341. Three shots were fired, but they went wild. After reaching the bottom of the ladder that led from the scuttles to a top-story hallway, the Big Bear decided to go in further. He drew his army revolver - a revolver he is said to have carried in France - and waited for his pursuers. He heard them as they reached the scuttles and crouched against the wall in the darkness. "Stay there, there or I'll shoot!" he yelled. Detectives Leef, Sullivan, and Quinn heard that command, but were determined to go after him. Leef, gripping his revolver, lowered himself through the black aperture and his feet touched the ladder. As he did so, he heard the click of a revolver. There came a second click and a third. Leef, in a swift descent, heard these clicks and intrenching, the negro's rage and appointment. After reaching the floor, Leef sprang into the corner in which the negro crouched. They grappled and a furious struggle followed. As the detective and the negro whirled about the floor, Sullivan and Clinn came quickly to the assistance of their leader. The detectives found McDonald to be just what Hols Kitchen had long called him a "big bear." The negro fought frantically and furiously and close to getting the best of his adversaries when Baker and Mcnninger came up from the floor. streel, tluev, their strength nnd their blackjacks into tho 1'ight nnd McDon aid, pounded from all side?. linally cruiiipled up, iinconsciotis. The ex hatisted detectives carried him to thc | street. being carcful al every momcnl lest hc should r.jver consciou.snc.4i. | Rcscrves Are Called ' Wesl Thirty-sixth Streel was jammed I with ncgrocs and whil.es as the detcc ! tive.-^ carried their captive from thei housc. A telephone messagc broupht ' rosci'ves from I he West. Thirticl h | Streel station. McDona.d's roonis wero later scarched and a five-gallon still ' ready for operation was found. > ln his signed stntemciit McDonald | said thal. he went to the Wechawken pier with a confedcrate to steal three barrcls of alcohol and that the seareh was iiiterruptcd by the appearance of Kennedy. Ti.,- negro said thnt hc also took n sho! al a second man "who i i-ame running up." This second mai,, '' ?' '?' illiiini K11 ii * '., of Tappan, N. 1'.. 1 s . pccial oflic cr einploycd by th- Nov j Vork Central Railroad ' K'-nneciy was reinoved Mondav niphl j to Ihe North Hudson Hospital in a j serious condil ion. II ? is forty i wo years old, married, nnd has four chil? dren. His home is in Hoboken. I - . . _ Weather Reporl i-jpori t-'un vIjtw .. 7t20a.rn.ISun seta.. . 4:48jvtn. Moou rls'ca.. 3 :14 p.m.|"Moon sete.. 5:02 a.m. I,oral Fore\ca?t,?Rain or snow to-day; clesu :;ik anri somewhat colder to-morrow; lncreasing noftlicaat winds. T.oral Offieial KiMor.l, '? h? following of ficlal record from tlio Weather Bureau shown lomporat urca diirtns tho lasl tiven !? four hours, In cnmyiarlson with the ,-nr i. . pnmling .la ? ? nf lasl j cai. 1922. 1321 1922. 1921. ". a. iii . . :IS .: i :. p r; . t;, ,:? >'< ? " nri r.h\ c, ,.. m... 42 -t ; '? ?? 'pp . . :;:. :;: it ji m.., 41.1 m 12 noon 1 ' ???? | [ j. .,,. . . -3 ;:s Illghosl, 4n riofi'n na ,;., ;? p m i; lowent 17 (BI y :10 ;i 111.1 ; ., vcragp, 4 I . average ''.''"' el.i'.- his! \ ? ,r. ... ., vm-nc 11 ? 1 1" roi Llii 1 (j Him. v. I| 1, .??? Ilumidily S a m. . . 61 I 1 1 ; ? 3;. <; r in Knionitter Rcudings I.ener.il U ,-al hei- Cnndltlnils " \S3HI SC] . .\ Jan, 10. -The atni-m (ual . ;,.. cpntral over Texas Monda nijrht ? I ? ph | 1101 "i, - n-twarri and Inrrp.-m ?! 1" Inl.'i lt; nnd to nieht It.i eenter v ia "' ? " 1.01 ' ].? ? 11 AlHhmnn, w Ith tho lo-" ? 1 1 ' I ' ! :?...?' lt has I.. rn ,.c '? i'l el Iv L. |,. ? ?, i-iiins |n | i,,. ,,,,;, B( .,.,.. ''''-.'?.'?-.' ? , 11 n ... e ';<!?!,. n , , nii.1 aoul hei 11 K111 ?-.??! |). strong v ?? .; to 111,1 [Inv. :.i pp |n is ,111,1 ,? )|ea ,il,,ng tiie i. :,n.l weft I'iiilf i-njsij I'll' Iinie.l ' , . 1 . . :,.:.ip ;., !',,, \\ ? ? ? - '.ii-c'i is, i'i. liipli, sl hfiioniot. r la inc " " ' ? - :? \ ? . .\,-v 'I ' :: I '-'?" ????-:< have fallen , nnsidi iblv '?? ? ,. p.n ... u... .;.-,.,.. |,ak. a, Hie i 11 '.ip.- n.l th, Northwesi nu I lhi v li iiKecl littl. n ,,;).. i- parta of r li'.-. ?? 1 In Ih- 1 1.1 ll Atlai tl<: statea eloudl 1 ' ?' - nll lnrrfufi nnd lie followed |.. 1 'I rain v. , ,:. ,.Sday nnd u ?rin.-adav iiIkIii ".d ;?.?;.. ,d ? .' ? r ii il ,-ol.ler w< atller I ?11 Thurs.! .. ln the 11 . Idi. Atlantie nnd '?'"in 'i Allanti. stal, - Ih, r.i ???. ill bc > ..ns ^ 1 dnesrUi ?? anri fa ir 1 nd cold. - r< eathe - "" Thurada> In tl"- . asi Gull stalea auil Tcnnesseo the weather will clear and be '"!..? 1 older 011 Woelneaday an.l ho fai. md l.'i* 'J hursdaj Ir, 1 hc ? >hl,i Valb v th, rp rr pi tn r.-iins in..1 aiinwa on (.Vednosdi -. and i- ?'? un i colder weather on Thursda . I., 1 '??' region nf tl:.- . ir. .,1 1.., 1-r. a there ,\ ill ln ocal snow ..11 av. dimsdny an.l falr . 11 1 '?' idcr \' al h' r 011 Th 11 stlay. District Forecasts. -Eastern Xew Yorl< ?"' '?? ln norlh nnd rain or snow in south IJoriion lo-.lay; lo-morrow clearing and -.whot colder Southern N'ew Kngland?Rain or snow '/ j;' ; ? to-nioi row ??'? ,., Ing nnd somewhat I'.is'p. rn Pennsylvanla -P.aln or snow to ?' ? to moi row falr and roldcr. *?? ? ?!? '--'.'? I3.ui: ln south an.l rain or ': "W in 11011 Ii porl Ion 1 p, da y ; to- morrow ' ., ir and colder. ' '' lawar. Itr.in, possibly mixe,! with ">"?". '?-rlay lo-morreuv f.,|,- and ,-,.:.;, , " ' ' '"' 'i ''? "ns; Ivania nnd western N'ew "c ? li Snow or nnn to-dav; to-inorrow i'-, , md colder. What raakes a "crack" train? The roadbed as much as the rolling stock. So with your automobile. Any car is a better car on a good road. The car with the highest gas mileage has a higher mileage on Concrete. The car with the quickest "pick-up ' picks up qmc^er on farm, unyielding Concrete. The best non-skid tire holds better on the grittv Concrete surfacc. The car with the lowest depreciation ha*-- a lower depreciation on Concrete. Motorists know these are facts-and motorists ' ?i they insist, can get the kind oi roads they want! Om Booklct R-3 tdls other intcrtitlng thing, about Concrclc roads. WriU for your copy. PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION M7 Madison Avenue nf:w YORK, N. Y. cvf Natwnal Organization to Improre and Extend thc Vses of Concrete *'?f f i. *7' Other Cltlen 9*4 f(mMCdAr Broadway at Ninth, yyy Aum ft/wamwr ?'?? ?'t?00 Shiyvesarit He Who for Himself Makes Nol Good Choicc scldom makes good choicc (or others. II thci c is anything lhat most of us have plenty ol, it is what wc are vain enough to think, whether wc say r.o or not, is good advicc. Kut did you ever notice that tlie farmer whose crops are only mod erate. the shoemaker and thc can dlestick-maker, as well as some of our ncighbors, including oursclves, are mostly ready and voluble when a chance comes?or we consider atcly maki a chance when il does not come?to give sacks full, boxes and pans full of advicc, adding and adding to it until it seems we are lunning over with the vicc of ad? vicc. What do old bachclors know about hringing up children, or millcrs know about making a store like ours? (Signcd) January 11, 1922. ii Baoet" A A/cn* Frock for Miss 14 lo 20 P A R I S - I N S P I R I. D $59.50 You are invitcd to a musical treat iodax}? AMPICO Matinee Tn the Wanamaker Auditorium, at 2:30 You will see and hear the instrument into which a hundred <jrcn1 players of thr pianoforte have poured llirir xoulri for clcrnal kecping. A\TPlco-in-thr(;HrcK?;RT\(; Reprodudng Piano f-LINOR WHITTEMORE, V,olini<t J. THURSTON NOE, at thc Organ DR. SIGMUND SPAFTH. Critic, in a Musical Talk DR. SPAETH received his degree of Doctor ot Plnlosophy at Princeton University. His experience in literary and musical activities is extensive, i-o^riu ninpr while stil! at Princeton, where ho was leader of ihe Orchestra nnd Glee Club, president of tlie Prince? ton Choral .Society, and musie critic of lhe Daily Princetonian. JJo has lecturcd extensively on musie and revised the Lohcngrin and Tristan translations for the Metropolitan Opera House Co. Kirst Gallery, New Building. Books, Lovers, Students, and Everybody who loves books? Please take notice: We are selling out all HURT BOOKS—hundreds of them, of all sorts—at two, three, and even four books for the published price of one. Main floor, Old Building. S E C R E T s "f Paris for the season in the land and the and a town now being disclosed in the Women's S Misses' Fashion and on Salons! These presentation additions will add another fofe to the interesting collection of Fashion, which have been brought about by the new staff of fashion authorities of the Wanamaker Store. Second floor, Old Building. Beautifully designed Baby Clothes. Fashioned of an excellent quality of crepe de chine, so that the silhouette might have perfectly straight lines. When it is black, the deep borders on the sleeves, the collar, and tabs on the sash are of royal blue—with the effective chain-stitched design in black. Also in navy blue with French red; jade with white; or crepe with white. Second floor, V.d Building. 18 Coats of Alaska Seal $295, $345, $595 40 in. 5 in. is In. Straight and Full in silk, deep armholes, and the small Mandarin sleeve with narrow turn back cuff. The coats at $595 have dark mink collars and cuffs. Canton crepe and brocade satin, in delightful colorings? dull rose, deep old blue, lavender, taupe, brown? are used effectively as linings. Sizes 30 to 11. Second floor, Old Building. R I B? B O N takes an important place in HATS for the South Ribbons?narrow or wide, plain or gayly embroidered make entire chapeaux, or trim in most amusing ways hats of taffeta and faille? little flat flowers of picot edged ribbon?bands and a tassel of narrow flowered embroidered ribbons? tin sel edged ribbons. Gaz and pastel colors Red of course. f,,,- the brightest and most brilliant reds are much in the mode next perhaps in interest is a lovely dull blue and then green, a newer shade than jade, lavender, taupe and gray. $10 to $35 Second floor, Old Building Beauty and decorativeness Come into the home with a lovely mirror?many interesting in its unusual frames, for any sort of wall space in a room of any type from ornate Italian to American Colonial style. A mezzotint, signed by the artist, and in lovely soft colors. For example, Gainsborough's famous painting of the Blue Boy, now owned by an American millionaire who paid over $600,000 for it, has been delightfully reproduced in mezzotint by John Cother Webb. A water color, charming little, scenes in many countries?colorful, suggestive. An ditching of a famous cathedral, or a famous public building. All tastefully framed and at a convenient variety of prices. Eighth Gallery, New Building. A Very Good Sale of Cretonnes At 30c yd. 60c to $1 yd. Some linenized fabrics; others light in weight. A black ground with rose? Very beautiful in rose and gold-yellow and green; on a dark ground, birds in brilliant plumage and bright flowers, lovely for a room requiring blue and rose; several smart stripes pattern; a magnolia pattern, pink magnolias on a gray ground, and the same on black ground; a delft blue ground with big bright flowers. At 60c yd. $1.10 to $1.50 yd. Unenized, very heavy fabrics and some, a sateen finish. A cream ground with brilliant roses, rich and colorful; morning glories, gold colored and blue, on a soft tan ground; brocade effect in wide stripes, rose and gray; a pattern resembling an old gold wall paper; white with sold birds, blue birds gay flowers in a lovely big design. Fourth Gallery, Now Building. Clean your windows from the inside. SAFETY window cleaner cleans the outside of the window from the inside of the room. Every square inch of the surface of both pants can be cleaned better and in less time than is possible by hand. Safe, simple, practical. $5. Seventh Gallery, New Building. Men's Winter Suits and Overcoats continues today. Wanamaker clothing, best in the country at the lowest prices since the war for quality clothing. In Both Clothing Stores IN THE B. URLINGTON ARCADE STORE Suits $35.00 grade $40.00 grade $45.00 grade $50.00 grade $55.00 grade $35.00 grade Overcoats $35.00 grade $40.00 grade $45.00 grade $50.00 grade $55.00 grade $60.00 grade $65.00 grade $70.00 grade $75.00 grade $65.00 grade Burlington Arcade floor. N fw Building. IN THE BROADWAY CORNER STOJ Suits Overcoats $23.50 grade ) $1 ?.50 $25.00 grade i i? $27.50 $25.00 $27.50
| 17,963 |
https://github.com/weslckx/Webshop/blob/master/Webshop/Webshop.Data/ShopDbContext.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
Webshop
|
weslckx
|
C#
|
Code
| 97 | 333 |
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Webshop.Data.Persistence.EntityConfigurations;
using Webshop.Domain.Models;
namespace Webshop.Data
{
public class ShopDbContext : IdentityDbContext
{
public ShopDbContext(DbContextOptions<ShopDbContext> options)
: base(options)
{
}
public virtual DbSet<Product> Products { get; set; }
public virtual DbSet<Customer> Customers { get; set; }
public virtual DbSet<Order> Orders { get; set; }
//Old way: DBcontext uses his method OnModelCreating with param ModelBuilder. Is called when context is first created
// It is possible to override this.
// https://www.learnentityframeworkcore.com/configuration/fluent-api
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
{
//Problem with Id IdentityUserLogin
//https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40703615/the-entity-type-identityuserloginstring-requires-a-primary-key-to-be-defined
base.OnModelCreating(builder);
builder.ApplyConfiguration(new ProductConfiguration());
}
}
}
| 10,903 |
https://github.com/sanchezl/cluster-openshift-controller-manager-operator/blob/master/vendor/k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/admission/attributes_test.go
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
cluster-openshift-controller-manager-operator
|
sanchezl
|
Go
|
Code
| 211 | 683 |
/*
Copyright 2018 The Kubernetes Authors.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
package admission
import (
"testing"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)
func TestAddAnnotation(t *testing.T) {
attr := &attributesRecord{}
// test AddAnnotation
attr.AddAnnotation("podsecuritypolicy.admission.k8s.io/validate-policy", "privileged")
attr.AddAnnotation("podsecuritypolicy.admission.k8s.io/admit-policy", "privileged")
annotations := attr.getAnnotations()
assert.Equal(t, annotations["podsecuritypolicy.admission.k8s.io/validate-policy"], "privileged")
// test overwrite
assert.Error(t, attr.AddAnnotation("podsecuritypolicy.admission.k8s.io/validate-policy", "privileged-overwrite"),
"admission annotations should not be allowd to be overwritten")
annotations = attr.getAnnotations()
assert.Equal(t, annotations["podsecuritypolicy.admission.k8s.io/validate-policy"], "privileged", "admission annotations should not be overwritten")
// test invalid plugin names
var testCases map[string]string = map[string]string{
"invalid dns subdomain": "INVALID-DNS-Subdomain/policy",
"no plugin name": "policy",
"no key name": "podsecuritypolicy.admission.k8s.io",
"empty key": "",
}
for name, invalidKey := range testCases {
err := attr.AddAnnotation(invalidKey, "value-foo")
assert.Error(t, err)
annotations = attr.getAnnotations()
assert.Equal(t, annotations[invalidKey], "", name+": invalid pluginName is not allowed ")
}
// test all saved annotations
assert.Equal(
t,
annotations,
map[string]string{
"podsecuritypolicy.admission.k8s.io/validate-policy": "privileged",
"podsecuritypolicy.admission.k8s.io/admit-policy": "privileged",
},
"unexpected final annotations",
)
}
| 281 |
US-46356809-A_3
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,009 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 3,356 | 4,691 |
First, a sheet of a non-woven fibrous substrate material (Dexter® 10494 having a “quilted” surface) was applied to a flat laboratory benchtop. Subsequently a reaction mixture was formed from two components, the first component being the polyurethane prepolymer composition, e.g., HYPOL JT6000, and the second component being a premixture of the remaining constituents all of which are identified on Table 4, following. The second component was conveniently formed by combining its constituents in appropriate measured amounts in a standard laboratory glass beaker using conventional laboratory stirrer to ensure homogeneity of the second component. Advantageously the second component is first formed by first providing the water to a suitable vessel, using a laboratory stirrer the Wollastonite 325 is added until a suspension is formed, followed by the Silquest 1120 which is allowed to mix approximately 10-20 minutes a homogenous mixture is attained, followed by the Tomadol 91-6, then Pluronic F88, then fragrance, then dye, followed by the Dowanol DPnB, and ultimately the BTC 65 and following the addition of the final constituent mixing is allowed to continue for further 20 minutes. Next measured amounts of the first component and the second component were blended together using a standard laboratory stirrer using a paddle blade rotating at about 1000-9000 rpm for a period of about 1-30 seconds, especially between about 1-10 seconds to ensure good blending of the two components. Immediately thereafter the blended mixture was poured and evenly spread using a thin flat blade onto the surface of the abrasive non-woven fibrous substrate. Foaming initiated and approximately 5-30 seconds after initiation of foaming but before the conclusion of the foaming reaction, excess foam was removed using the thin flat blade and thereafter a sheet of an abrasive non-woven fibrous substrate material (VICOTEX D6M-45) was applied directly to the exposed polyurethane foam and thereafter a flat plate was applied onto the second non-woven fibrous substrate material layer. The flat plate was spaced apart from the said flat surface contacting the non-woven fibrous substrate material via a series of spacer elements which ensured that the flat surface was approximately parallel to the plate. After the conclusion of the foaming reaction (approx. 5-7 minutes) the plate was removed; the resultant tri-layered construction was cut into hexagonal shapes of approximately 5 inches by 6 inches, and the ultimate thickness of the flexible wiping article was approximately 2-8 millimeters. The identity of the specific constituents are described on Table 2, supra.
The multilayered cleaning article described herein may also be produced by a continuous casting process in place of the batch type process recited above.
A further embodiment of tri-layered cleaning article 30 is depicted on FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C. In this side-plan view there is depicted a foamed polyurethane layer 32 layered in register and between a first abrasive fibrous substrate layer 34 and a second fibrous substrate layer 36 comprising a quilted pattern having raised regions 38 bounded by recessed regions 40 which recessed regions are bonded to the foamed polyurethane layer 32 while the raised regions 38 are not. Such a construction defines cavities 42 between the surface of the foamed polyurethane layer 32 and the raised regions 38, as bounded by the portion of the recessed regions 40 of the fibrous layer 36 not adhered to the foamed polyurethane layer. Such an embodiment is preferred as it provides to the consumer two different types of surfaces, e.g., an abrasive non-woven wipe surface, and a more absorbent “quilted” non-woven wipe surface as integral parts of the cleaning article, providing a choice to the consumer as to which surface is more appropriately used for particular use e.g., for the treatment of a particular surface or removal of a particular type of stain. For example more difficult to use inorganic deposits such as mineral salts may be more aggressively removed using the fibrous abrasive substrate layer 34, while general treatment of non-stained surface or absorption of a spilled liquid might be more appropriately treated using the obverse side and use of the more absorbent “quilted” non-woven wipe surface. It is to be understood that while not visible in FIG. 3, the preferred form of the depicted wipe is a hexagonal format such as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, as well as in FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C although other formats and configurations are also considered to be suitable for use as well.
The inventors have also found that the formation of a cleaning article which does require formation in a mold, such as the embodiment of FIG. 1 avoids the likelihood that during the foaming reaction the region of the polyurethane sponge contacting a smooth mold surface does not unduly densify adjacent to such a smooth mold surface and form a dense outer layer, conveniently referred to as a “skin” layer. The presence of such a skin layer is generally to be avoided as such both resists the absorption and elution of liquids through such a skin layer which may inhibit the elution of the germicidal quaternary ammonium compounds from the cleaning article. Further the inventors have observed that over prolonged use this skin layer often ruptures or cracks which lends an unsightly appearance to the product.
Thus the forms of the multilayer cleaning articles depicted on FIGS. 2A and 2B as well as FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C are preferred. In accordance with the protocol for the manufacture of the article depicted on FIGS. 2A and 2B the use of a first layer of a non-woven material coated with a mold release lubricant permits for the removal of said non-woven material following the conclusion of the foaming reaction which removes any skin layer which may have formed. Of course other techniques such as splitting or cutting away the skin layer may also be practiced with similar beneficial effect as well. The embodiment according to FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C is to be even more preferred as the presence of the two layers of non-woven material which contact the polyurethane foam during the foaming reaction deny the formation of a skin layer, rather the foaming polyurethane bonds to the non-woven material thereby avoiding the need for any intermediate adhesive and denying the formation of a skin layer.
Tri-Layered Cleaning Article (2)
A further embodiment of tri-layered cleaning article comprising a layer of foamed polyurethane composition layered in register and between a first abrasive fibrous substrate layer and a second fibrous substrate layer using the protocol described above with reference to the tri-layered cleaning article (1), and using the same formulation described on Table 4. In the present tri-layered cleaning article, a first sheet of a non-woven fibrous substrate material (Ahlstrom 150 GMS) having an embossed quilted surface with raised regions, and further sheet of an abrasive non-woven fibrous substrate material (SAB D6-MB50B) was used in place of the respective substrate materials recited with reference to the tri-layered cleaning article (1). The resultant tri-layered cleaning article formed was cut into hexagonal shapes of approximately 5 inches by 7 inches, and the ultimate thickness of the flexible wiping article was approximately 2-8 millimeters, as depicted on FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C.
Tri-Layered Cleaning Article (3)
A further embodiment of tri-layered cleaning article comprising a layer of foamed polyurethane composition layered in register and between a first abrasive fibrous substrate layer and a second fibrous substrate layer using the protocol described above with reference to the tri-layered cleaning article (1), and using the same formulation described on Table 4. In the present tri-layered cleaning article, a first sheet of a non-woven fibrous substrate material (supplied by ADS Texel) and further sheet of an abrasive non-woven fibrous substrate material (SAB D6-MB50B) was used in place of the respective substrate materials recited with reference to the tri-layered cleaning article (1). The resultant tri-layered cleaning article formed was cut into hexagonal shapes of approximately 5 inches by 7 inches, and the ultimate thickness of the flexible wiping article was approximately 2-8 millimeters, as depicted on FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C.
Tri-Layered Cleaning Article (4)
A further embodiment of tri-layered cleaning article comprising a layer of the foamed polyurethane composition layered in register between a first abrasive fibrous substrate layer and a second fibrous substrate layer using the protocol described above with reference to the tri-layered cleaning article (1), and using the same formulation described on Table 4. In the present tri-layered cleaning article, a first sheet of a non-woven fibrous substrate material (Ahlstrom 125 GSM, LSW Substrate, thermally bonded with a further non-woven pad) and further sheet of an abrasive non-woven fibrous substrate material (SAB D6-MB50B) was used in place of the respective substrate materials recited with reference to the tri-layered cleaning article (1). The resultant tri-layered cleaning article formed was cut into symmetrical hexagonal shapes measuring 5 inches between opposite vertices, and the ultimate thickness of the flexible wiping article was approximately 2-8 millimeters, as depicted on FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C.
Tri-Layered Cleaning Article (5)
A further embodiment of tri-layered cleaning article comprising a foamed polyurethane composition layer layered in register and between a first abrasive fibrous substrate layer and a second fibrous substrate layer using the protocol described above with reference to the tri-layered cleaning article (1), and using the same formulation described on Table 4. In the present tri-layered cleaning article, a first sheet of a non-woven fibrous substrate material (Ahlstrom 125 GSM, LSW Substrate, thermally bonded with a further non-woven pad) and further sheet of an abrasive non-woven fibrous substrate material (SAB D6-MB50B) was used in place of the respective substrate materials recited with reference to the tri-layered cleaning article (1). The resultant tri-layered cleaning article formed was cut into a hexagonal shape measuring 5 inches in maximum width, and 6 inches in maximum height, and the ultimate thickness of the flexible wiping article was approximately 2-8 millimeter, as depicted on FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C.
Tri-Layered Cleaning Article (6)
A further embodiment of tri-layered cleaning article comprising a layer foamed polyurethane composition layered in register and between a first abrasive fibrous substrate layer and a second fibrous substrate layer described above with reference to the tri-layered cleaning article (1), and using the same formulation described on Table 4. In the present tri-layered cleaning article, a first layer of a non-woven fibrous substrate material (Ahlstrom 125 GSM, LSW Substrate, thermally bonded with a further non-woven pad) and further layer of an abrasive non-woven fibrous substrate material (SAB D6-MB50B) was used in place of the respective substrate materials recited with reference to the tri-layered cleaning article (1). The tri-layered cleaning article (6) was produced using a continuous manufacturing process wherein a quantity of the first and second constituents used to form the foamed polyurethane layer were applied to the surface of a moving web of the first layer of a non-woven fibrous substrate material, and subsequently the further layer of abrasive non-woven fibrous substrate material was applied thereto in order to form the tri-layered cleaning article. Following the cessation of the foaming of the polyurethane layer, the resultant tri-layered cleaning article was subsequently cut into a hexagonal shape measuring 5 inches in maximum width, and 6 inches in maximum height, and the ultimate thickness of the flexible wiping article was approximately 2-8 millimeters, as depicted on FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C.
The elution of the germicidal quaternary ammonium compounds in the water squeezed or wrung from tri-layered flexible wiping articles formed and described immediately above as tri-layered cleaning articles (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6) were evaluated according to the following general protocol. For the evaluation, a single sample of each aforesaid tri-layered cleaning article was used.
Testing of each sample was in accordance with the following general protocol: Each sample was first wetted by a five second contact with a flow of room temperature (approx. 20° C.) deionized water flowing form a 5 gallon laboratory dispenser. After the 5 second exposure, the sample was withdrawn and held at one edge so that the sample was oriented vertically and allowed to drain, thereafter the sample was hand-squeezed to remove at least 50% wt. of the absorbed water and the released eluted liquid was collected and subsequently analyzed for content of eluted quaternary ammonium compounds. This procedure was repeated using the same sample of the dual-layered flexible wiping articles for 100 such squeeze/wring cycles and samples of the released eluted liquid were collected from the 1st, 2nd, 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th, 50th, 60th, 70th, 80th, 90th and 100th squeeze/wring cycles.
The quantity of eluted germicidal quaternary ammonium compounds were evaluated by a standard analytical technique via titration utilizing a tetraphenylborate solution. Of course other analytical techniques may be used and are expected to provide comparable results.
The quantity of eluted germicidal quaternary ammonium compounds expressed as parts per million (ppm) are indicated on the following Table 4B which indicates the individual results following the respectively indicated squeeze/wring cycle for each tested sample.
TABLE 4B eluted germicidal quaternary ammonium compounds (ppm) Tri-layered Tri-layered Tri-layered Tri-layered Tri-layered squeeze/wring cleaning cleaning cleaning cleaning cleaning cycle article (2) article (3) article (4) article (5) article (6) 1 821 1643 1643 1529 1643 2 1784 1756 1812 1812 1756 10 1246 850 736 1246 1048 20 632 623 510 878 453 30 481 510 396 453 396 40 340 425 368 340 368 50 312 340 340 283 340 60 283 283 283 227 312 70 255 255 227 198 283 80 227 198 198 170 255 90 198 170 170 170 198 100 113 142 113 142 198
As can be seen from the foregoing the samples of the tri-layered flexible wiping articles provide excellent and long-lasting elution of the germicidal quaternary ammonium compounds.
While the invention is susceptible of various modifications and alternative forms, it is to be understood that specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings which are not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed; on the contrary the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the scope and spirit of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.
1. A cleaning article consisting of a foamed hydrophilic polyurethane composition, and at least one layer of a fibrous substrate, wherein said foamed hydrophilic polyurethane composition is formed by a process which comprises the process steps of: providing in the process a reaction mixture consisting of one or more polyurethane prepolymer, a quaternary ammonium compound having germicidal properties according to the structural formula:
wherein R₂ and R₃ are the same or different C₈-C₁₂alkyl, or R₂ is C₁₂₋₁₆alkyl, C₈₋₁₈alkylethoxy, C₈₋₁₈alkylphenolethoxy and R₃ is benzyl, and X is a halide, saccharinate or methosulfate counterion, a polyethylene/polypropylene block copolymer nonionic surfactant having an avg. molecular weight of 11400, one or more further nonionic surfactants, one or more glycol ethers, one or more bulking agents based on inorganic oxides or inorganic silicates, and optionally one or more of: silicone oil, fragrance, coloring agent, organic acid, inorganic acid, zwitterionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, silane based coupling agent, organic solvent other than glycol ether, and rubber, and subsequently forming the foamed hydrophilic polyurethane composition, from the reaction mixture, wherein the resultant foamed polyurethane composition is characterized in that, following at least fifty (50) rinse/squeeze cycles an elution of at least about 100 parts per million of germicidal quaternary ammonium compounds in the fluid squeezed or wrung from the article.
2. A cleaning article according to claim 1 which, following at least eighty (80) rinse/squeeze cycles an elution of at least about 100 parts per million of germicidal quaternary ammonium compounds in the fluid squeezed or wrung from the foamed hydrophilic polyurethane composition of the cleaning article.
3. A cleaning article according to claim 1 wherein the at least one layer of a fibrous substrate is bonded to the foamed polyurethane composition.
4. A cleaning article according to claim 3 wherein the cleaning article consists of at least two layers of a fibrous substrate bonded to a sponge formed from the foamed polyurethane composition.
5. A cleaning article according to claim 3 which exhibits, following at least one hundred (100) rinse/squeeze cycles an elution of at least about 57 parts per million of the germicidal quaternary ammonium compounds in the fluid squeezed or wrung from the foamed hydrophilic polyurethane composition of the cleaning article.
6. A cleaning article according to claim 3, wherein the maximum thickness of the polyurethane foam layer present in a cleaning article has a maximum thickness dimension not in excess of about 10 millimeters.
7. A cleaning article according to claim 1 wherein the maximum thickness of the polyurethane foam layer present in a cleaning article has a maximum thickness dimension not in excess of about 10 millimeter.
8. A cleaning article according to claim 1 wherein the quaternary ammonium compound having germicidal properties is selected from: alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, diisobutyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, alkyl dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, and n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium saccharinate.
9. A foamed hydrophilic polyurethane composition formed by a process which comprises the process steps of: providing in the process a reaction mixture consisting of one or more polyurethane prepolymer, a quaternary ammonium compound having germicidal properties according to the structural formula:
wherein R₂ and R₃ are the same or different C₈-C₁₂alkyl, or R₂ is C₁₂₋₁₆alkyl, C₈₋₁₈alkylethoxy, C₈₋₁₈alkylphenolethoxy and R₃ is benzyl, and X is a halide, saccharinate or methosulfate counterion, a polyethylene/polypropylene block copolymer nonionic surfactant having an avg. molecular weight of 11400, one or more further nonionic surfactants, one or more glycol ethers, one or more bulking agents based on inorganic oxides or inorganic silicates, and optionally one or more of: silicone oil, fragrance, coloring agent, organic acid, inorganic acid, zwitterionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, silane based coupling agent, organic solvent other than glycol ether, and rubber, and subsequently forming the foamed hydrophilic polyurethane composition, wherein the resultant foamed polyurethane composition is characterized in that: following twenty (20) rinse/squeeze cycles of the foamed polyurethane composition, the foamed polyurethane composition provides an elution of at least about 340 parts per million of germicidal quaternary ammonium compounds in the fluid squeezed or wrung from the foamed polyurethane composition, and, following forty (40) rinse/squeeze cycles of the foamed polyurethane composition, the foamed polyurethane composition provides an elution of at least about 340 parts per million of germicidal quaternary ammonium compounds in the fluid squeezed or wrung from the foamed polyurethane composition, and, following fifty (50) rinse/squeeze cycles of the foamed polyurethane composition, the foamed polyurethane composition provides an elution of at least about 252 parts per million of germicidal quaternary ammonium compounds in the fluid squeezed or wrung from the foamed polyurethane composition.
10. A foamed hydrophilic polyurethane composition formed by the process according to claim 9, wherein the process includes the further step of: bonding a fibrous substrate to the foamed polyurethane composition.
11. A foamed hydrophilic polyurethane composition formed by the process according to claim 9, wherein the quaternary ammonium compound having germicidal properties is selected from: alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, diisobutyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, alkyl dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, and n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium saccharinate.
12. A process for cleaning or sanitizing a surface in need of treatment which process comprises the steps of: providing a cleaning article according to claim 1, and, contacting the said surface with the said cleaning article and thereby providing a cleaning or sanitizing effect thereto.
13. A process for cleaning or sanitizing a surface in need of treatment which process comprises the steps of: providing a cleaning article according to claim 4, and, contacting the said surface with the said cleaning article so to provide a cleaning or sanitizing effect thereto.
14. A process for cleaning or sanitizing a surface in need of treatment which process comprises the steps of: providing a foamed hydrophilic polyurethane composition according to claim 9, and, contacting the said surface with the said composition so to provide a cleaning or sanitizing effect thereto..
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https://github.com/pipelinecd/client-api/blob/master/src/main/groovy/org/pipelinecd/client/ClientApiConfiguration.groovy
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
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client-api
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pipelinecd
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Groovy
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Code
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package org.pipelinecd.client
import com.yammer.dropwizard.config.Configuration
class ClientApiConfiguration extends Configuration {
}
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bpt6k292529r_5
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French-PD-Newspapers
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
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Figaro : journal non politique
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None
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French
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Spoken
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g à 345 1V Vendu 250fr' à 166-176 fr -Vendu | 2 5frI à 375 fr Vendu 285 ̃ flaglun gabardine avec ceinture. i entièrement doublé écossais, -tni Pantalon tOile COUleUr unie clTnyèe25^le ans à 121 (r. Vendu 79 r 1 Complut BlOUSe Jeunes gens, pantalon 1 POUR DAMES ET FILLETTES bas a revers, belle draperie anglaise, (_cfr I Dames. du 15a ]9 ans à 234-242 tr.Vendut /O ~35~°" 250fr. Complet Vestorr, Pantaton bae 9 revers, I nouveautés bleu ou marron, tenir Manteaux élégants pour Fiueu*. _ftf «̃B^«»«d238-246tr.y«>«l5O 1 Le 4 ans a 98r Vendus 78 Pantalon toile khaki. 22 5Q OC en | 5 fr. en plus par âge Jusqu'au 14 ans. Le 15 ans _5, ou ei j ou i CHAUSSURES 1 n._A.. toile blanche, semelle n I fl_/fflflra/_oÇmO_«"C'0: 49 75 Derby caoutchouc. Dames. 9 25 I Hommes. | Q 75 I _?û//720/'fl/ cuir ciré, Hommes. 49 75 BLCtielieU tout box-calf jaune, Dames 57'1'S Pi»ÎK exceptionnels aux Rayons de I BONNETERIE CRAVATES CHEMISES CHAPELLERIE L LINGE DÉ MAISON PARFUMERIE, etc. A Agences de placsmsnt ^flAf IfPTO DE SECOURS MUTUEli •uvLiljali des mécaniciens-conducteurs. 9) r. Waldeck-Rousseauihforme MM. l*s proprié tairesqu'elle tient à leur dispos, des chauti'.expér av. d'excel. réf. (Placem'grat^.T'l Wagram (iiî-91 ÎL N'Y A QUH L'AGENCE MONCEAU, 24 bis BddeCourcelles, qui place (de suite et bia.a les domestiques. sérieux et stables. Wagram 47-8C tqH9!ll~iç RI~`&ll~f~flJ~i9jlriZaisonlChalot4 A,WL!ltIjrt Ul/.SÏilIïi f fi Maison Chalpt. To) Biys. 35-42. Laplus sérieuse et la plus impur tante. Place et procure de suite excellents do. nés? tiques;munïsdo références contrôlées oar.l'açf'^nce Tuouverez ri| 4 IlirpPIiD^av. réf.àla-Sié.ïe; l ( RATGI'rl Uil'liJ 1 -l'J IR.1Chanffeurs,(¡, 1ïü Frédéric-fiasuat. N'est p.'un syndicat. 'l'.Kl.ys.3'J-5. AGïMSAWT-AUGlJSTWdo1^ AUL. 1 i9UG~ 7(~ de j1 âhard~ procure bons domeslif), av. bnos i-éfor Wa2.57.93 Iflji |)B]P|UI] DE PLACEMENT, 49, rue 'Saint Llu -Dliilll/AlJ Honoré,, Paris, demande femmes do chambre, cuisinières, bonnes à tout faire. propriétaires d'autos trouverez gratuitement i conduct. ser. et çapab. au synd. professionnel de Msou bourgeoise, 52, r.Mirome'snil. Tél. Elyséas 56-09 LA_ CHAMBRK SYNDICALE DES GENS "DU MAISON;, fi, r. Larribe, place viteetbien les b. serviteurs. AGENCE DE LA MADELEINE procure et plaça bons domesciq., 3G,Fg-St-Honoré."Elysé.e 54-2,8. L'Imprimcur-Gârant DHTOT. ` Paris. Imprimerie du Figaro, 25; rua Drouot.
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54XR3C3IEYEQLYKIEOVH2WQUEEYMLHYA_1
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German-PD-Newspapers
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,912 |
None
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None
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German
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Spoken
| 8,405 | 15,947 |
Der Text: "de om vte ng. j. ild - ers oh⸗ frei Ild, ald n. oſp. v n Abend - Ausgabe. Halle und Umgebung. Salle a., 26. Juli. Zur Vornahme von Erntearbeiten da auf Grund des § 83 der Polizeiverordnung über die äußere Heilighaltung der Sonn- und Feiertage die in der Zeit bis zum 16. August einschließlich fallenden Sonntage freigegeben. Friedrich Burkel Einer unserer bekanntesten Mitbürger, der frühere Tischlermeister Friedrich Burkel ist nach schwerem Leiden gestern verstorben. Der Verstorbene war 40 Jahre Inhaber der von ihm ausgebauten Beerdigungsanstalt „Pietät“ sowie langjähriges Mitglied vieler angesessener halleischer Gesellschaften. Er war durch sein besbes Wesen allgemein beliebt und hat es verstanden, sich durch seine stets Hilfsbereitschaft bei Todesfälle in weitem Kreis ein dauerndes Andenken zu sichern. - — Hund und Bürgervorsteher. Der Hausbesitzer Otto Thieme in Löbejun erlaubte sich vor längerer Zeit den eigenartigen „Scherz“, seinem Hunde den Namen des Löbejüner Bürgermeisters Bellinger beizulegen. Wenn er dann mit dem Hunde durch die Straßen ging, soll er ihn, namentlich beim Nahen des Stadtoberhauptes selbst, öfter in recht auffälliger Weise „Bellinger“ gerufen haben. Schließlich gab er sogar in einer Zeitungsannonce bekannt, er beabsichtige, seine Dobermannhündin „Bellinger“ für 200 Mark zu verkaufen. Die Hündin besitzt die rühmenswerte Eigenschaft, dass sie jede Spur auszusuchen und es in dieser Fertigkeit mit jedem dreißigsten Polizeihund aufnimmt. Der Bürgermeister sah sich nunmehr veranlaßt, gegen Thieme Strafantrag wegen Beleidigung zu stellen. Vor dem Löbejüner Schöffengericht bestritt Th., die Absicht der Beleidigung gehabt zu haben; er habe sich bei der Benennung des Hundes nichts Schlimmes gedacht. Das Gericht glaubte ihm aber die vorgegebene harmlose Absichtslosigkeit nicht, um so weniger, als er mit dem Bürgermeister auf etwas gespanntem Fuß leben soll. Er wurde daher wegen Beleidigung zu 3 Tagen Gefängnis verurteilt. Hiergegen legten sowohl Th. wie der Amtsanwalt Berufung ein. In der Berufungsverhandlung vor der halleischen Strafkammer beantragte der Vertreter der Anklage Erhöhung der Strafe auf eine Woche Gefängnis. Die Strafkammer erhöhte jedoch das Strafmaß sogar auf einen Monat Gefängnis, da hier eine ganz erhebliche Beleidigung und Verhöhnung des obersten Stadtbeamten vorliege. Personalveränderungen beim Königl. Oberbergamt zu Halle a. S." Beim Oberbergamt wurde dem Bergwerksdirektor Keil der Königlichen Bergwerksdirektion in Zabrze unter Ernennung zum Oberbergrat die Stelle eines rechtskundigen Mitgliedes übertragen. Der rechtskundige Hilfsarbeiter Berginspektor Grotefend wurde an die genannte Bergwerksdirektion versetzt. Dem Bergassessor v. Garßen wurde unter erst - weiler Belastung in seiner derzeitigen Tätigkeit als Hilfsarbeiter in der Bergabteilung des Ministeriums für Handel und Gewerbe die Stelle eines Berginspektors beim Oberbergamt verliehen. Der Schichtmeister Landmann von der Königlichen Berginspektion Bleicherode wurde unter Beförderung zum Oberbergamtssekretär an das Oberbergamt versetzt. Der Oberbergamtsmarkschneider Methner und der Oberbergamtskanzlei Schmidt sind gestorben. Beim Königlichen Salzamt in Schönebeck wurde dem Salinendirektor Geh. Bergrat Fürer der Stellenrang der Räte 4. Klasse und dem OberSchichtmeister Biehle der Charakter als Rechnungsrat verliehen. Der Schichtmeister Nauck ist von Schönebeck an die Königliche Berginspektion zu Bleicherode versetzt worden. Der Direktor der Königlichen Bohrverwaltung in Schönebeck Bergrat Jäger und der Salinendirektor beim Königlichen Salzamt in Artern Bergrat Wonneberg wurden zu Oberbergärten ernannt. Dem Berginspektor im Bergrevier Eisleben Olivetti wurde der Charakter als Bergrat mit dem persönlichen Range der Räte 4. Klasse sowie dem Schichtmeister Linßel beim Königlichen Salzamt zu Dürrenberg der Charakter als Rechnungsrat verliehen. Der Bergassessor Schulenberg wurde vom Oberbergamt Halle als technischer Hilfsarbeiter an das Königliche Steinkohlenbergwerk Friedrichsthal bei Saarbrücken versetzt. Ernannt wurden der Bergreferendar v. Wedel zum Bergassessor und die Bergbaubefürsoten Hans Lohmann, Koch, Grotowski, v. Brause und Rudolph zu Bergreferendaren. Die Gemeinschaftliche Ortskrankenkasse hat in der Generalversammlung vom 24. Juli die Rechnung für 1911 entlastet. Aus dem Abschluss entnehmen wir folgendes: Einnahmen: Kassenbestand 23 690,79 Mk., Zinsen 5717,20 Mk., Beiträge 231 689,04 Mk., Ersatzleistungen 9931,06 Mk., Unfall-Ersatzleistungen 1381,43 Mk., verk. Wertpapiere 46 651,01 Mk., sonstige Einnahmen 2139,38 Mk., zusammen 321 199,91 Mk. Ausgaben: Ärztliche Behandlung 60 261,81 Mk., Arznei 31 409,85 Mk., Krankengeld 122 619,44 Mark, Angehörigen-Unterstützung 9830,94 Mk., Wöchnerinnen-Unterstützung 816,50 Mk. Sterbegebühr 9415,45 Mk., Krankenhauskosten 29 229,15 Mk., Walderholungsstätte 828,15 Mk., Erstausstattung 12 084,83 Mk., Beitragserhöhung 94,90 Mk., Kapitalanlage 12 663 Mk., Verwaltungskosten, persönlich 14 163,83 Mk., sonstige 2382,08 Mk., Uebertragung 1912 13 539,81 Mark. Die Mehrausgaben betrugen (52 981,09 Mk. - Mindestausgaben 837,21 Mk.) 52 143,88 Mk., die Mehreinnahmen (20 668,08 Mk. - Mindeinnahmen 1566,89 Mk.) 19 101,19 Mark, so dass die gesamte Mehrausgabe 33 042,69 Mk. beträgt, was im Reservefonds insofern Ausdruck findet, als derselbe Ende 1911 132 754,50 Mk., also 35 198,30 Mk. weniger als Ende 1910 aufweist. Die Gründe für dieses ungünstige Ergebnis liegen in der Systemlosigkeit der ärztlichen Versorgung und der Liberalität in Bezug auf die Verschreibungen, Erwerbsunfähigkeitserklärungen usw. Ob die am 1. April 1912 eingetretene Erhöhung der Beiträge von 4 auf 434 Proz. des durchschnittlichen Tagelohns dem Mangel steuern wird, muss abgewartet werden. Die Zahl der Mitglieder betrug 1911 im Durchschnitt 4560 männlich, 273 weiblich, insgesamt 4833. Krankheitsfälle wurden 3233 männlich mit 65 640 Krankheitstagen und 156 weiblich mit 3637 Krankheitstagen, zusammen 3389 mit 69277 Krankheitstagen, Sterbefälle 39 männlich, 3 weiblich, 20 Ehefrauen, 153 Kinder nachgewiesen. In der Generalversammlung wurde mit Bezug auf die Finanzlage, die Stellung der Ärzte des Halleischen Ärztevereins zu den Kassen und die Maßnahmen des Magistrats als respektive so weit sie die Eingriffe in die Geschäftsführung betreffen, die §§ 20a und 23 hinsichtlich der Angehörigenfürsorge, dahin abgeändert, dass die bisherige Naturalleistung freie ärztliche Hilfe in eine Geldleistung umgewandelt wird, so dass nach Genehmigung dieser Statutenänderung die Mitglieder für ihre Angehörigen ärztliche Versorgung nehmen können, wo sie wollen, aber die Kosten zu tragen haben und von der Kasse nur eine Entschädigung für die hauptsächlichsten Arztleistungen erhalten. Die bisherige Einmischung in diese Fürsorgeeinrichtung hört dann von selbst auf, die Angehörigen rechnen dann wieder zu den Privatpatienten der Ärzte und haben die Mitglieder die letzteren schadlos zu halten. Im weiteren wurde die Statutsbestimmung im § 41 dem Gesetz entsprechend geregelt und der Punkt 7 der Anordnung abgeändert. Die Beschlussfassung über Zulassung als besondere Ortskrankenkasse im Sinne des § 239 der V. O. O. wurde vertagt. Über den Krankenkasentag in Magdeburg, Versammlung der Kassen im Bezirk der Versicherungsmügengesellschaft Sachsen-Anhalt wurde Bericht erstattet. Mehrtägige Ferienwanderungen unserer Volk- und Mittelschüler. Der Ausschuss für Schülerwanderungen des Hallenser Lehrervereins, der seine Wandergruppen in den Ferien und während der Schulzeit in die nähere und weitere Umgebung unserer Stadt führt, schickte in der ersten Ferienwoche eine Reihe von Wandergruppen auf 3- und 4-tägige Fahrten in die Ferne. Es wurden das Auestal, das Thüringer Hügelland und das Pfälzische Gebirge und der Harz aufgesucht. Es ist damit auch für unsere Volk- und Mittelschüler eine Einrichtung geschaffen worden, die z. B. in Berlin, Leipzig, Dresden und Magdeburg schon seit Jahren besteht. So sandte Berlin 1911 schon 191 Gruppen mit 3800 Schülern auf Sechstagewanderungen aus. Der ganz besondere gesundheitliche Wert solcher mehrtägigen Wanderungen ist von Schulärzten der Städte München und Dresden, ganz besonders aber von dem Berliner Schularzt Dr. Roeder dargestellt worden. Die mehrtägigen Wanderungen sind eine segensreiche Ergänzung in dem Ausbau unserer Ferienkolonien. Jede Wandergruppe wird von einem erfahrenen Führer geleitet und besteht aus höchstens 15-20 Schülern. Die Wanderungen werden nach ihrer geographischen, geschichtlichen, naturwissenschaftlichen und wandererischen Seite sorgfältig mit den Teilnehmern vorbereitet, so dass sie auch ein vorzügliches Mittel zu einer naturgemäßen geistigen, ästhetischen und sittlichen Ausbildung der Kinder werden. Der Ausschuss stellt den Kindern Lodenpferden und andere Ausrüstungsgegenstände zur Verfügung und gewährt wenig bezahlten Schülern bare Unterstützungen. Jeder Gruppe ist eine praktische, größere Reiseapotheke beigelegt. (Lieferant: Drogerei Ott, Steinweg.) Im nächsten Jahr soll die bewährte Einrichtung weiter ausgebaut werden, um recht vielen Kindern Gelegenheit zu geben, ein Stück unseres schönen Vaterlands zu sehen. „Was du abläufst an dem Schuh, wächst dem Kopfe doppelt zu!“ Anmeldungen unterstützender Mitglieder mit einem Jahresbeitrag von mindestens 3 Mk. nimmt entgegen: Herr Käetzell, Lehrer, Steinweg 39. Unsere 36er trafen gestern Abend 6 Uhr von Altengrabow kommend mit der Eisenbahn hier wieder ein. — ⸗ S S , F e - * - S S e * 4 * — e e * J e e S * e e * Die Einweihung der Kriegergräber auf dem Nordfriedhof findet ihr statt und zwar am Sonntag, den 18. August an dem die Kriegervereine versammeln sich in der Aktienbrauerei am Roßplatz und marschieren im stillen Zuge nach dem Friedhof. Die Görlitzer Musikkapelle wirkt bei der ernsten Feier am Sonnabend der Uhrmacher Hochzeit Eheleute. Herr Herfter ist seit 1860 ununterbrochen der Saale Zeitung. Halle Waisenknaben, Willy Bauer und drei weitere in diesem Monat durch die Tätigkeit des Verbandes reine Erziehung der deutschen Reichsschule gegeben und der deutschen Reichswaisenhäuser zu Schwarzbach auigenem D7. Einzig die beiden Kinder sind nun vom Verbandes bis jetzt 90 Kinder in Waisenhäusern untergebracht. Bei dem Königsschießen der Ammendorfer Schützengesellschaft gab den besten Schuss auf die von Herrn Seelig gestiftete, von Herrn Malermeister Dommeratzky gemaltes schöne Königsscheibe Herr Fabrikant Lapp ab. Zweitbesten war Herr Lehrer Wachs - Muth. Drittbesten Herr Schornsteinsfeuermeister Rin in der Kirchweil von C. Schräpler. Morgen, Sonnabend früh 9 Uhr erste Bahnfahrt mit dem Salondampfer Deutsland nach Rothenburg. Personen 1 Mk. Jede Familie ein Kind frei. Erste Eingestellte oberhalb der Peißnitzbrücke vis-à-vis Ruderklub Nelfon. Sonnabend, mittag 3 Uhr billige Ferienfahrt nach Röderig, à Personen 50 Pfg. Jede Familie ein Kind frei. Abfahrt Unterplan. Ein ganz neuer Anblick bot sich am Donnerstag in den Straßen unserer Stadt. Vor einem schweren Bierwagen einer auswärtigen Brauerei waren 2 Maultiere gespannt, die den Wagen mit Leichtigkeit anzogen und fortbewegten. Die Tiere sind neben 16 Stammesgenossen aus Oberitalien bezogen und sollen sich infolgedessen ihrer Ausdauer namentlich für den Überlandtransport besonders bewähren. Die Anschaffungskosten für die langohrigen Geschöpfe sind zwar höher als die Pferdepreise, aber ihre Leistungsfähigkeit soll dafür auch größer und beständiger sein. Wohl gemerkt: Maultiere sind nicht dasselben wie Maulwürfe, die vereinzelt in Halle schon seit längerem eingeführt sind. Ein Fabrikbrand brach heute Freitag, vormittag in der Schirmer'schen Honigkuchenfabrik im Lagerraum der Verpackungsmaterialien aus. Das Dach dieses Lagerraumes brannte ab und dann griffen die Flammen auf die eigentliche Fabrik über. Die schließlich hereingerufene Feuerwehr hackte die Dachpappe vom dem Fabrikgebäude eiligst herunter und es gelang ihr dann, den Brand mit drei Schlauchleitungen zu bewältigen. Menschenleben sind nicht zu beklagen, wohl aber sind einige Hühner in den Flammen umgekommen. Diebstahl. Bei der Viktualienhändlerin S. in der Kraußstraße wurde aus dem Keller ein halbes Schwein gestohlen, der Täter ist unbekannt. — Gestohlen ist ferner am 25. d. Mts., ein älteres Herrenfahrrad, Marke „Express“ Nr. 2, schwarzer Rahmen und Felgen, nach oben gebogene Lenkräder, schwarze Korkgriffe, fast neue Mäntel. Unfall. Ein Bauarbeiter stürzte in der Kronprinzenstraße 14 vom Bau ab und zog sich eine Verstauchung des rechten Armes zu. Schamlos. Auf dem Wettinerplatz wurde ein Messtischfestgenommen, der durch unzüchtige Handlungen öffentliches Ärgernde erregte. Das Theater, Konzerte und Vorträge. * Sommerkonzert der Sängerschaft Fridericiana. Halle a. , 25. Juli. Leitung: Universitäts-Musikdirektor Prof. Friedrich Brandes - Leipzig. Solist: Kammer Sänger Friedrich Strathmann - Weimar. Am Klavier: Stud. Richard Klein. Im Saal der Berggesellschaft fand soeben das Sommer-Konzert der altangesessenen akademischen Sängerschaft Fridericiana vor einem ebenso reichbesetzten als musikalischen Haushalt statt. Wir bemerkten unter anderem die Herren Geh. Justizrat Prof. Dr. Fitting, Prof. Dr. Zarachige, Prof. Dr. Walter, Prof. Geneßt, Generaloberarzt Kumow mit ihren Damen. Das Konzert begann gegen 8 Uhr und bereitete allen einen großen Genuss; denn die Sängerschaft Fridericiana verfügt über ein schönes Stimmaterial. Besonders angekommen fällt es ferner auf, dass alles nur der Gesamtwirkung zu strebt, nirgend eine Einzustimme sich hervorzutun bemüht ist, während die technische Ausbildung der Sängerschar unter der trefflichen Leitung des Leipziger Universitätsmusikdirektors Herrn Prof. Dr. Brandes so weit vorgegangen ist, dass der Chor mit natürlicher Sicherheit singt. Infolgedessen tritt die seelische Erfassung der Ideen in eindringliche Erscheinung und verleiht dem Gesang der Fridericianer das Gepräge einer Leistung höheren Stiles. Daher vermochte die Fridericiana auch in P. Umlaufts „Aufbruch“ zunächst ein Fach zu erzählen, wie die Landsknechte durch die Gassen ziehen, um dann in der zweiten Strophe das Entzücken über den Sonnenglanz zum Ausdruck zu bringen, den das Auge des Mägdeleins über sie breitet, und schließlich in tadellöschem Crescendo den Mut zur finsteren Schlacht zu zeichnen. Frisch und deutsch kernhaftigkeit durchzogen „Ein schön deutsch Reiterlied“ von H. Rietensch, in dem das Feldgeschrei: Sankt Jörg! teutscher allerwege! wie ein Gelübde zum klangschönen Fortissimo answoll. Im C. G. Reißigers „Blücher am 4. August" - bis Ende August verwendeten Herren-Anzüge nach Nass wegen vorgerückter Saison, aus modernen, guten Stoffen im Preis von 45 bis 600 Mark angebotert, - 2 v. ein “tatsächlich sich die hohe geistige Qualität der Fridericiana besonders in dem Vers „Man dachte hin und wieder nach“. Das einander greifen der Stimmen anlässlich dieser Überlegung veranschaulichte direkt das Spiel der Erwägung des Für und Wider in bezug auf den Einmarsch Blüchers in Frankreich. Mozarts „Vom Nachen“ wurde neckisch vortragen, und das wabische Lied von Julius Otto atmete Rührigkeit. Hier diese Leistungen war der Erfolg der Fridericiana sehr groß, zumal Herr Richard Klein die Begleitung der Gesänge am Ritter-Flügel mit aller Wunschenswert-Nuancierung, schönen Anschlägen und Feingefühl ausübte. Als Solist wirkte der hier schon seit langem geschätzte Weimaraner Bariton, Herr Kammersänger Friedrich Strathmann, mit. Er sang P. Umlaufts Landsknechtslieder mit männlichem Ton, sprach guten Text und charakterisierte allenthalben den seelischen Vorgang durch das Mittel der Stimme. So legte Herr Strathmann zarte poetische Empfindung in die Schlüssverse (Wenn du ins Herz getroffen.) von „Ohne Wehr“. Tiefe Trauer über den Tod des Goten-Königs Theoderic sprach aus dem Anfang von Henssels „Jung Dietrich“, die Resignation des zweiten Goten kam in den Worten „Dann springen wir nach von dem Uferrand zur vollen Geltung“, und der Weckruf „Erwache, mein Knabe, ich grüße dich“ war stark im aufmunternden Ton. „Im Nachtzug“ bot der Sänger einige sehr schöne Kantilenen (z.B. „Ich bliebe so gerne im Mondenschein“), während seine Wiedergabe von M. Jacobis „Türmer“ das Lob verdient, dass sie das wundervolle Bild des allzu früh verstorbenen Alfred Rethel in Töne tauchte, jenes Werk, das den „Tod als Freund“ zu zehlen. Herr Kammersänger Strathmann trug auch zu dem bedeutenden Erfolg des genussreichen Abends namentlich viel bei und erntete stets wachsenden Applaus. Herr Universitätsmusikdirektor Friedrich Brandes von Leipzig kann als Dirigent der Freidrichsbrunnen wiederum auf ein Konzert zurückblicken, das ihm und der Freidrichsbrunnen zur Ehre gereicht. Dr. Karl Baer. 3. Volkstümliches Konzert des gesamten Stadttheater-Orchesters im Zoologischen Garten. Das am Sonnabend, den 27. d. Mts. stattfindende 3. Volkskonzert des gesamten Stadttheater-Orchesters bringt eine künstlerische Auslesse der bedeutendsten und populärsten Werke unserer großen Tonmeister. Herr Kapellmeister Alfred Elsmann hat dem "volkstümlichen" Konzert durch eine geschickte Auswahl einen ganz besonderen Stempel aufgedrückt und den Charakter eines "Volks-Konzerts" auch durch eine leicht fassliche Reihenfolge gewahrt. Mozarts unsterbliche Ouverture zur "Zauberflöte" beginnt den Reigen, der die bekannte Serenade von Haydn folgt. Den ersten Teil beschließen die Tonbilder aus Beethovens "Fidelio", die in würdiger Weise den großen Meister vertreten. Im zweiten Teil kommen Mendelssohn, Schumann und Schubert zur Geltung, ersterer durch seine glanzvolle "Hebriden-Ouverture", Schumann durch sein populär gewordenes "Abendlied" und Schubert in einem Satz seiner "Unvollendeten". Der volkstümliche Zug bleibt auch dem 3. Teil, der mit Wagners "Höhengrim-Vorspiel" schönsten Weisen aus "Oberon" erklingen lässt und mit der virtuosen "2. Rhapodie" von Franz Liszt das Programm zu einem effektvollen Schlusspunkt gestaltet. Beginn des Konzertes abends 8:22 Uhr. (Siehe Inserat.) Das Heide-Trachtenfest für groß und klein, das, wie wir schon berichtet haben, unser Heideverein am 10. August von nachmittags 2 Uhr an bis nachts 12 Uhr in Leiśners Waldhaus in der Dölauer Heide zum Besten der Nationalflugsäule abhalten wird, verspricht nach den bisherigen Vorbereitungen außerordentlich sehenswert zu werden. Da die Einladungen dazu, mit Rücksicht auf dem guten nationalen Zweck, im weiten Kreis ergehen sollen, wird es ein wahres Volksfest für die gutbürgerlichen Kreise von Halle und Umgebung werden. Mit der Verbindung der Einladungen, zu denen die Federzeichnung unser bekannter heimischer Kunstmaler Herr Kopp geliefert hat, ist inzwischen begonnen worden, auch wird unter der Schriftleitung des Vorsitzenden Herrn Juwelier Tittel eine Festzeitung herausgegeben, die in zwei Nummern erscheinen soll. "Apollontheater. “Das Stuttgarter Residenz-Theater-Ensemble, das während seines diesmaligen Gastspiels den Besuchern des “Apollo-Theaters” viele frohe genussreiche Stunden bereitet hat, zeigt sich ab heute in seinem letzten, großartigen Abschiedsprogramm, das wiederum aus eigens gewählten, urdrastischen Pariser Einaktern: “Don Juans Hochzeit”, “Die gestörte Brautnacht”, “”, und “Das Bett oder Nr. 69” enthält. Diese vier Stücke, die bei ihren bisherigen Aufführungen in allen größeren Städten Deutschlands einen großartigen Lacherfolg erzielten, dürften auch hier einen besonderen Anziehungspunkt für das Publikum bilden. - Bei dieser Gelegenheit wissen wir noch darauf hin, dass die Stuttgarter Gäste ihr hiesiges Gastspiel unwiderruflich am 31. Juli beenden. - Vereine und Versammlungen. 3. kommunale Verein. Der gestrige, auf der Rabensteininsel im Kurzhäuser Etablissement abgehaltene Sommerregen des 3. kommunalen Bezirksvereins erfreute sich, dank der günstigen Witterung, eines recht starken Besuches. Die junge Welt vergnügte sich am Tanz, dem man sich in fröhlichster Stimmung bis Mitternacht hingab. Eine Verlosung praktischer Haushaltungsgegenstände fand günstige Aufnahme. Heideverein. Am Sonnabend, den 27. Juli findet in Leinwandhaus in der Heide von abends 12 Uhr eine Sitzung des Trachtenfestauschusses statt. Mitglieder, die an Nachweisung beim Beginn, dann Welbers zutreten wünschen, sind willkommen. Heizte Depelshcen. Südmarokko in Aufruhr. London, 26. Juli. Anknüpfend an die Pariser Meldung der Beschießung von Agadir wird noch berichtet: Die Erregung der Eingeborenen ist ungeheuer, der ganze Süden Marokkos soll sich gegen den Sultan Mulay Hafid und die Franzosen empört haben. Aus Tanger wird der “Morning Post” gemeldet, dass die Behörden von Mogador einen Boten nach Agadir geschickt hätten, der die dortigen jüdischen Kolonien auffordern soll, den Ort zu verlassen, da die Verschießung durch den französische Kreuzer “Cosmae” fortgesetzt wird. Aus Tarudant und Marrakesch sind alle Fremden und Hunderte von Juden geflüchtet, nur der britische, deutsche und französische Konsul sind in Marrakesch zurückgeblieben. Der Prätendent Mulaqai el Hiba soll sich als neuer Mahdi ausgegeben haben, dessen Beruf es sei, alle Franzosen zu vertreiben, und die neue Regierung auf Grund des Korans wieder herzustellen. Ganz Südmarokko, der Sudan und die halbe Sahara sollen hinter ihm stehen. Er hat alle Steuern aufgehoben, mit Ausnahme einer kleinen Tee-Steuer und einer Boden-Steuer. Die Lage wird als äußerst ernst angesehen, Heftige Anwetter in Bayern. München, 26. Juli. Über Bayern ist gestern abend ein stundenlanges wütendes Unwetter niedergegangen, wie es in solcher Heftigkeit selten erlebt worden ist. In München ist das Wasser der Isar mächtig gesunken. Es wurden viele Kanäle verstopft und Straßen überflutet. Die Wasser-Massen ergossen sich vielfach in die Keller und richteten großen Schaden an. In Berchtesgaden zündete an mehreren Stellen der Blitz. Auch in anderen Teilen richtete das Unwetter große Verheerungen an. Die Bahndämme wurden an vielen Stellen unterspült. Vermisst. München, 26. Juli. Die Leutnants des 10. Feldartillerie-Regiments in Erlangen Funkler und Dommaier machten einen Ausflug in die Hohen Tauern, von dem sie nicht zurückkehrten. Es wurde eine Expedition ausgesandt, die zu suchen. Keine aggressiven Absichten London, 26. Juli. Im Verlauf der gestrigen Unterhausdebatte beantragte der Radikale Ponsonby eine Verringerung des Voranschlages. Darauf hielt Staatssekretär Grey eine längere Rede. Er betonte, wie schwer die Last der Rüstungen sei, doch leider wäre die Regierung machtlos. Er hofft, dass die internationale öffentliche Meinung in Zukunft so mächtig wird, dass man in Fällen von Streitigkeiten nicht mehr an die Gewalt, sondern an andere Instanzen appellieren wird. Man dürfe nur einen sehr einleuchtenden Grund für die Erbauung der deutschen Flotte nicht übersehen, nämlich den, dass eine wachsende Nation mächtig sein möchte, ohne dass sie jedoch notwendigerweise Angriffsabsichten verfolgt. Alles, was wir tun können, ist, zu beweisen, dass wir keine aggressiven Absichten haben und dass die Freundschaft, die wir mit anderen Mächten unterhalten, keine aggressiven Zwecke hat und nicht gegen eine andere Macht gerichtet sind. Das tun wir und werden es auch weiter tun. Auf der Verbrecherjagd. New York, 26. Juli. Im Verbrecherviertel von New York kam es gestern zwischen Polizeisten, die sich auf der Suche nach dem Mörder Rosenthal befinden, und einer Anzahl von Verbrechern, die sich in ein Haus verschulacht hatten, zu einem Revolverkampf. En. Es - ver - nns die ernste ein es en ele er - zen len ter len le er - r - är a St os. zu - ig - n - in - te on ? T - en en n en rk B. entgegen. - k0 Vom Fahrrstuhl getötet. d J , 26. Juli. Heute nacht ereignete sich auf dem schlechten Fahnhof ein Fahrrstuhlnfall, bei dem der Postbote sein Leben einbüßte. Kappel versuchte auf den bereits abfahrenden Fahrrstuhl zu springen, dabei wurde sein ein Wenger Schuhstange gegen die Mauer des Fahrrstuhlshachtes gelöst und fast vollständig vom Körper getrennt. Herr Stahlwerksverband und Halbzeugpreise, wie die „Frank. Ztg. hört, ist bei einigen Verbandswerken Strömung zugunsten einer abermaligen Erhöhung der Halbzeugpreise, die bekanntlich für das laufende Quartal um 5 Mk. sind, vorhanden, und zwar aus der Erwägung, dass die Lage der Halbzeugprodukte außergewöhnlich ist und die Stimmung der Mehrheit der Verbandswerke nach - ist, dürfte indessen eine solche Anregung kaum die erforderliche Majorität finden, vielmehr wird man bei den Preisen so das vierte Quartal an den augenblicklichen Sätzen festhalten. Wenn der Verband den Verkauf recht bald freigeben, würde er einem Wunsch der Halbzeugverbraucher sehr willfahren. Die Nachfrage nach Halbzeug ist heute derart stark, dass von einer Materialnot gesprochen werden darf. - mm [Sandol, Doworbe und Vorkex eine dass von Eine Kurserholung der heimischen Staatsanleihen miente sich an der Mittwochs-Börse durchsetzen. Das Angebot hatte etwas nachgelassen und konnte besonders um deswilligen stärkeren Druck auf das Kursniveau ausüben, weil die Seehandlung starke Interventionskäufe vorgenommen haben soll. Hier hoben sich die Kurse der 3proz. Deutschen Reichsanleihe und Preußischen Konsols von 89,90 Proz. auf 90 Proz. und die der 2proz. Titel von 79,80 Proz. auf 80 Proz. c - - . Bochumer Verein für Bergbau und Gussstahlproduktion in Bochum. Der Aufsichtsrat beantragt, eine Dividende von 14 ( 12 ) Proz. zu verteilen. Die Börse schätzte noch in den letzten Tagen die Dividende auf 12213 Proz. Der Abschluss ergibt einen Brutto Gewinn von rund 6,8 Mill. ( 6248 160 ) Mk., die Ab schreibungen betrugen rund 1 900 000 ( 1 824 148 ) Mk. Der Reingewinn beläuft sich auf rund 4 900 000 ( 4 424 012 ) Mk. Unter der Firma „H. A. Meyer & Riemann, Chemische Werke, Akt.-Ges., ist mit dem Sitz in Linden bei Hannover eine Aktiengesellschaft mit einem Kapital von 1 Mill. Mk. errichtet worden. Diese soll die bislang unter der Firma H. A. Meyer & Riemann zu Linden in offener Handelsgesellschaft betriebenen chemischen Fabriken und Handelsgeschäfte erwerben und fortführen. Mitglieder des Aufsichtsrats sind Professor Dr. Adolf Prinzhorn, Kommerzienrat Georg Spiegelberg, Rechtsanwalt Hermann Poppelbaum, sämtlich in Hannover, Fabrikbesitzer Kurt Klamroth in Halberstadt, Generalmajor a. D. Erhard Hentschel in Charlottenburg. Zuckerfabrik Oberniesa (Prov. Hannover). Nach dem Abschluss für 1911/12 stellte sich der Ertrag des Zuckerkontos auf 1,48 (17) Mill. Mk., des Melassekontos auf 64 736 (34 861) Mk. — Friedmann & Weinstock. Nach 30 173 (29 504) Mk. Abschreibungen und den erhöhten Ausgaben von 1,22 (0,85) Mill. Mk. auf Rübenkonto vermindert sich der Reingewinn auf 83 230 (121 562) Mk., dessen Verteilung aus der im „Reichsanzeiger“ Veröffentlichten Bilanz nicht ersichtlich ist. Bei 500 000 Mk. Aktienkapital beläuft sich der Amortisationsfonds auf 1,55 Mill. Mk., dem 92 (1,87) Mill. Mk. an Immobilien und Mobilien (davon 1,56 Mill. Mk. Maschinen gegen 1,12 Mill. Mk.) gegenüberstehen. Emil Busch, Akt.-Ges., Optische Industrie in Rathenow. Die Gesellschaft, deren Dividende für das am 31. März beendete Geschäftsjahr bekanntlich mit 17 (15) Proz. vorgeschlagen ist, erzielte laut Geschäftsbericht einen Bruttogewinn von 1256 165 (1 108 799) Mk., der sich um den Vortrag, Zinsen usw. auf 1447 083 (1 270 741) Mk. erhöht. Nach 96 000 (100 000) Mk. Abschreibungen, Deckung der Unkosten usw. stellt sich der Reinigewinn auf 842 683 (731 297) Mk. Auf neue Rechnung werden 179 763 (189 770) Mk. vorgetragen. Um für ein möglichst gleichbleibendes Gewinnerträgnis in der Zukunft Sorge zu tragen, schlägt die Verwaltung vor, einen Dividendenergänzungsfonds zu bilden und diesen mit 140 000 Mk. zu dotieren. In der Bilanz figurieren Effekten mit 136 400 (140 440) Mark, Waren und Materialien mit 866 335 (737 611) Mark, Wechsel mit 184 461 (200 658) Mk., das Bankguthaben mit 351 500 (324 114) Mk.; diverse Debitoren schulden 857 636 (766 791) Mk., dagegen haben Kreditoren 68 738 (38 899) Mk. zu fordern. Über die Elbenschiffahrt wird der „Voss. 7tg.“ aus Dresden, 25. Juli, gemeldet: Der Wasserstand auf der Elbe ist wider Erwartung günstig. Er erreichte heute sein Höchstmaß bis 10 cm unter 0, fiel allerdings in den Nachmittagsstunden wieder bis auf 20 cm. Am Sonnabend betrug der Wasserstand 194 cm unter Null. Die Elbe ist demnächsten um gut 15 m gestiegen. Die beteiligten Elbenschiffahrtsgesellschaften sind, mit einer Ausnahme, von dem bisherigen Verlaufe des Geschäftes befriedigt. Man hofft, dass der Verkehr diesmal nicht in so schädlicher Weise unterbrochen wird wie im Vorjahre. Die Frachtraten sind angemessen und die große Zuckerernte in Böhmen lässt für die nächsten Monate und damit für das ganze Geschäftsjahr ein befriedigendes Ergebnis erwarten. Wagengestellung im mitteldeutschen Braunkohlengebiet. Auf den Stationen der Königlichen Eisenbahndirektionsbezirke Erfurt, Halle a. S. und Magdeburg und den anschließenden Privatbahnen sind am 25. Juli zur Verladung von Braunkohle, Brunkohlenbriketts, Nasspresssteinen und Braunkohlenkoks gestellt 5375 (nicht erst 15) Wagen zu je 10 Ladegewicht, davon entfallen auf die Stationen des Direktionsbezirks Halle a., der Lausitzer- und Ziehipfels Vinsterwalder Bahn 3800 Wagen (nicht gestellt). Berliner Börse. 26. Juli. Eigener Fernsprechdienst. Die Nachrichten aus Konstantinopel, die eine neue Zuspitzung der Verhältnisse dortselbst erkennen lassen, blieben auf die Berliner Börse ohne Einfluss. Das Geschäft war viel mehr auch heute ziemlich angeregt, die Grundtendenz fest. Der günstige Bericht des Iron Monger vom amerikanischen Eisemmarkt regte die Kauflust für Montanwerte weiter an. Bedeutende Veränderungen vollzogen sich vor allem am Schiffsbankhaus, Zuger Str. 92. Welp Fahrtsgemeinschaftsaktienmarkt, dem sich das Interesse der Spekulanten von der ersten Linie zuwandte. Nachdem nämlich der Deckungsbegleichung beim Hansa-Aktien im Zusammenhang mit dem Ultimo erledigt zu sein scheint, kam eine empfindliche Abschwächung in ihnen zum Durchbruch. Der Kurs eröffnete zuvor unverändert, bald darauf trat jedoch eine mehrprozentige Abschwächung ein. Nachdem ging die Baissespekulation neuerdings gegen Hansa Vor, jedoch erfolgten andererseits grössere Käufe in den Aktien des Norddeutschen Lloyd, die den Kurs prozentweise in die Höhe trieben. Das Geschäft in Lloyd war äusserst lebhaft, die übrigen Gebiete lagen wesentlich ruhiger, jedoch bei vorwiegend fester Tendenz. Die 3proz. Deutsche Reichsanleihe wies eine Bessernng von 0,20 Proz. auf. Im späteren Verlauf kam es zu einem neuerlichen Kurssturz in Hansa-Aktien, die mehr als 10 Proz. einbüssten, doch wurde der Gesamtmarkt dadurch nicht beeinträchtigt. Falkonsteiner Gardinenfabrik, Hermann-Mühlen zu Posen 162,75. Kunstanstalt Gross zu Leipzig 130,50. Produktenbörse. Auf höherer Amerika und anhaltende Trockenheit eröffnete der Produktenmarkt in fester Haltung; namentlich Weizen und Roggen, auch Hafer verkehrte in fester Haltung, Rüböl still. Weizenmarkt, - , für Juli 292,00, Sept. 20950, Okt. 207,0, Dez. 207,50. Fest. Roggen: Märkischer, 152,00 - 185,00, für Juli 190,00. Sept. 172,75 Okt. 171,75. Dez. 171,50. Höher. Hafer reiner 2009. 05 - 215,00, mittel 204,00 - 203,00. Goring 200,00 53, für Juli 193,00, für Sept. 170,00, für Okt. 160,09, für Dez., 69,50. Fest. Malz alter 166,00 - 1714,90. Beener, runder 152,00 - 155, für Juli 156,06, für Sept. 146,00. Gesehl, Rüböl: für Juli 188,10, für Okt., Schafwolle. Hamburg, 26. Juli. (Vorm. Bericht.) Rüben-Rohzucker 1, Produkt Basis 880, Rendement neue Usance, frei an Bord Hamburg für Juli 12, 606, für Aug. 12, 85, für Sept. 12,52, für Okt. - Dez, 10,47, Jan. - März 10,60, für Mai 10,77. Stetig. Kaffee. Hamburg, 26. Juli. (Vorm. Bericht) Good average Santos für Sept. 661, für Dez. 660, für März 66, für Mai 66 G. Stetig. Metall. London 26. Juli. Schluss. ) Roheisen stetig, Middlesbrough warrants 57/11. Wasserstand der Saale. Trotha, 25. Juli abends 1,22 m. 26. Juli morgens 1,82 m. Flusssohlast auf der Saale, Halle a., 25. Juli. (Mitgetellt von den Vereinigten Elbe-Schiffahrts-Gesellschaften Aktiengesellschaft. ) Vertreter Riohest rd Bastian, Halle ) Angekommen ist Sohlepper Nr. 2090, Strw Polland, mit Stückgut von Hamburg. Halle a. S., 25. Juli. Mitgeteilt von der Reederei der Saale - Schiffahrt e. G. m. b., Halle a. S. Angekommen ist : Sohlepper Nr. 5205. Sr. Benj. Göhre, mit Stückgut von Hamburg und Nr. 3857 Strm. Fr. Pranke mit Kämpferöl von Hamburg. Sohleppsohiffahrt auf der Elbe. Hafen - und Lagerhaus - Aktien - Gesellschaft, Akren a, d. Elbe. ) e Ken, 25. Juli. Heute trafen ein die Kähne Nr. 13, 304 und 2 * Kultaveste Ausführung aller Börsenaufträge für das In - und Ausland. Besten Formations. Abteilung für Kohlen - und Kali - Kurse. Telegr. - Aktien Wormser o. 98 50 Zerliner Zörse Fern a 88,90 vom 20. Juli. do. i 88,50, 4 97,90 Bankd. 4, Lomb. die Privatd. 32. do. i. 88,60 e So do. 80,00 Wechsel. r r “ 4 101,00 * * Gr o. Weins 4 98,25 o i. - do. da, 60 n h - e e Kopan * 8 PF D7 Ausländische Fonds. do. 3. - - h Aew - Term 1 visdal - - aes Aal gr. i - Paris too r s - 8 40 An 09,40 Johlens 100 Fr. 8 F. - a. t u 86. 90 Petersburg 100 R. - - e Aal v. 06 * 5 * 599,50 än. do. 3 i - 8 ] 598,50 Men 100 Kr. 8 T. s4,875 An v. 66. u 23. 80 Checks aus London - 20,485 ä do. aus 93,50 Checks aus Paris - 81. 10 r ka, Goldr. 1,30 — Geldsorten und Banknoten. - J. 55 2 voyerei 20, a aus. Anl 66 - o oten 1000 - 5 4,1875 neue. - Belgische Noten an 100 80. 90 Razi, anas Anl gr - - D ⸗ Brnot zu 100 e 112,40 40 do. 100 L - Englische Banknoten p. i I G 20,475 Umterr. Goldrenten 4 06,25 Branzöse, p. 100 w. 81, 101 do. Kron 1 88,50 Holländische 100. 168, 70 do. Goldrenten Itſ, 90,40 italienische p. 100 Tr 80,25 | do. Poppiorente. a - Österreichische, r p. 100 Kr., 00 Portugiesische aufinif. III ⸗ * 67,26 Rassische p. 100 R. 216,40 Rumänische amort, 09 * 101,50 schweizerisch. 100 r 81,15 2 22 i 56600 e Fonds und Staatspapiere, Raa non. v. 80 90,10 Beiohs - Son. 11011 4 100,20] do. Gold - An v. 94 * - D. Reichsbank - Ani 4 100,90] do. Staates Ani, v. 02 7 90,60 * e 26803 vt. i | 90,00 Schuldner 1886., - * S - “ 50, 10 Serd. amort St. * 485 ». alt 8020 Spanische Anleihen. — Hrenss. Sch. 10 11 4 100,10. do. mittel - - nes Konsols 1 100,90 da. do. I. -. » on ver, 90,00 Tark. Admin. - Ani * 82. 80 * ⸗ 3 80, 10 do. anif. Ani. v. 1909 89,30 le — alt 80,20 Fä ( 00 Fr. o. 171,09 Baseler. - An 1904, - - Ungar. Gold i, 40 h ank. 06 “ 100,00 do do. mit 91 10 3 o. do „. gij, 88. 00 J do. kl. 1 891,10 t Austerlitz 1802 3 * 77,25 40. - r. Hesa. St. 99 un 09 4 - - do. Staatsrente 07, 77,00 a 1896 - 1905 377,75 do. Kaiser. Th. An - am Staatsrente 31 l Akteur » 5 1038,80 42 amort. 1887 - 01 - - Böhmische Stadt - Ani - s W 1880 3 * 80,00 Wiener Inv. Apl, l 62,00 Rheinpreußen an * 20. 00 Ffrhhn - m Werner re a. e on - “, 88,00 und Prioritäten. XVII e: 1 88 00 niederösterreich - Blankenh. 3 94,25 wo Prov. IV - V. h 98, 60 Halle - Stadt, „. 67 50 A 2 VI - 10. 3, 88 50. abeok - Bucher 9 8, * e A. 1805 - Fort Wörgol. 3. 7. 26 t tn 82198 31, 94, 70] Schönbrunn bahn., 180,20 n a. 2 - * n. enb. 8, 1686,00 n do. 93 u 7 h 98,70] getr. Hohbahnhof. 5 * - 1385,60 a. „. i z. 94,28 r. Berlin. & traßond, er 70 r A., z 88,00] Hamburg. Straßen 10 179,75s R do. o 608,00 5em - Ung. St. - Bahn - v do. 00 I. II. ev. - n t. Lomb. 18,60 W e. 1882, 92. - Worverbaa - Wiener, - do. 91 anov, I 4690,90 gemore ad Obio 0 107,80 u. 1875 - 1602, 91,80 - Peofigo, „. , 91, 262,80 nan 33 u ,. - aräba h, - e „ , S 9000 i Meridionalbabs - n e. 3 - Mittelmeerabs - n e. 38 9 “ h i 5. ! - - t. P. Hainrich (vt. 157,26 * w83 4 Anteikapital: 160 Millionen Mat Provinentreise Ahgabae in festverzielen, erklärten Werte. West - Sizilianische 3, 71,25 W Bee 5 140. 00 ställe - - Hettstodt. Obi. 3 — - re 10 13353 5 F Golo - S. elektrisch. - W. 12 98,10 r W a. Berl. Maschinen - Bau 14 225,00 Oesterr. Gold Pr., 91, 10 Berzelius Bergwerz 6 1140,00 Sadesterr. Lomd, Pa. 3,6 52,25 ton - u. Monierbau 10 s 25 wangor. - Dombr. Pr., ielefelder Masch., 25 530. ,00 Moskau - Rjäsan Pr., 4 So Hiemarokhütte., 5 12790 Franskaukas 6. Pr. 3 Bochumer Gussstahl 191, 234 25 Wiadikawkas 1897 E. 88,50 Sebr. Bohler & Co. 12 227,60 Anatolien. A. - jBraunsch. Kohlenw, 10 214,00 äo, 96, o do. do. St. - Prior. 11 218. 05 Italien. Einaug. Pr. 24 — -. , Zahna 12 204,00 do. Mittelmeer 4 - - Zauderus Eisenw. 6 110,75 eortugiesen v. 86 Ob 5 - - Butzke & Co Met - L 7 109,75 500 - Itel Be Ob - 24 - - DShem. Fabr. Baeken, j 178,00 orth - Pao. Pr. en 4 - 2Sner Bergwerk. 90 482 00. Louis u. S. R. 19591. - 2232 Schiffsahrts - Aktion. a s ne z 78890 Hand. Amer. Paxezt 0 142 50 ] Solidar. Schalke 1 350. 00 J 7 Loya - Akt. 5 121,50 Pottbuser Maschin., 3 16080. 0 68 650 Dittawitsch Papiert. 12 184,25 Zans - Aktion. el u u. el. 1, ( 127 25, 180,20 Hstaeb. - Lax, Bergw. n b 178 50 3 an le. Diseb. Debors. Riekt 10 179,15 * o & 117,00 Woce a 10 i - - sch. Gasglüh. - G. 600. 00 F7 29 6 107, 12 Dittob. Kabelwerke 8 125,50 w. i t u 112,25 ] o. Waffen u. Munit. 25 568 10 z * St i 7255 Donnersmarch. In der SZ 821 80 Dnentaeho Bank, 262.50 re. et b 5 te 276 u Kattun. - - e er reeie, 17788 m v h g. 188.75 Fjokt Igeerg Zorieb 10 187,26 T. Z. ] Bohweiler Bergw. 160,25 n, h Feldmohle Be 3 les z rund - B. 9 170,2 Fradetädt. Znekert 15 249.20 w. e Krodi 9 11181 so Geusweider Eisenw. 11 210,25 Mietzoldemacher -. 7 12255 Olsonkirche Be 10 g121 90 Mittold. Kroditbask u 118,10 M 4 7259 Nationaldk. C Dieohl. 7 122,90 um l * Dert Kredi an 10 ) Bor. elektr. Untern. 10 174,25 en. D. B. t 208 75 Glauriger Zaekort. , - 0 157.90 Preugo. Bee 4 58.7 r Werke. 11 207. , 19 4 Kroa * s Hoalſescbe Maschinen 32 85,90 z h 34 88 Hann. Bau. - G. - Pr. “ 39.75 Russ. B. L auew. Hand i 15400 r h St. 20 725 Suohoiaoho Bann ( i Harpe 3 * Sochaffhaus. Baakrv. 7i, 124, 80 Hermann u n “ 8 s 70 Schalea. Bankverein 7, 180, 10 ) Herrer Wert R * 46.50 Wiener Bankverein 7t - r rko A. a2. B. Beri Ptabr. ⸗ Hesper Eisenwerk, 10 170,89 VII an on - Heinrichshall Chem 1142,00 D Hommoor Cement, g 182,25 Brauerei - Aktien. — Muhlen g 11432,50 on Braun. ] Hochbster Farbwerke 90 851.25 Dentahe Bierbr. z 11260 Hochb Eisen a. Stahl I 827.50 Patzhofer. 0 252.00 ] Ue - Borgban. 24. Sohnedg. Sobl. - Br. 9 228,75 Kabla Porcellanfabrik, 18 882 80 Schultheiss Brauerei. 14 267, 10 ] - werk - achofled, 15 I. o Herkules - Br. Kassel ] 9 16850 | Kappo - , Zaren - Fbr, 29 522,75 Kiortarbr. Roderdet 5. 9800 Katte. Bergbau. U 232 Leipzig. Hiarbr. Rieb ] i 190,26 Kirchnor & Co. 30. 78 Voreivosw. o l101.00 Kee wunm obg 15 3 t Preis. 20 industrie - Aktien. Korbisdort. Auoxert 0 187.00 r Modrixk. , 3 r e. 22 2 K. - e. 2 ] auser atte * ⸗ Adler Werk 0 120.00 hmeyer & Co. * 126.00 Ang. Beri. Omnib - o. 7 s 7 e saepp. C. Thee - Allem RElektr. - Gea, 14 207,650 arahote e. 4 1173,89 Ammf. neue A. 28 407,25 pa. Plenot. im 15 289,00 10 - Guado 7, 118,80 grad. T 188,50 Anh. Kohlenwerk 7 159,00 8697. 25 Baar & Ostein, M 27 (445 90 5 1. 00 Bank C Gorit a. 24 888, 25 * h. w G 12 327,00 Alte Promenade S, gegenüber dem Stadttheater. Labeok. Maseh. - Fal, 0 72,80 Behbies. Portt. - Cem., 142,00 1 Masach. - Fab. Bnekan 6 121. 25 Schpelendorf, Hugo, 7 1148,10 Milowicer Eisen. 3 92,50 Zehueckert Elektz 7 11689,00 Mühlheimer Bergw. 11 176 00) Zehalz - Knauch, 0 1180,50 Neue Bod. - Akt. - Ges. 10 118,60 910mens Glasindustrie 4 885, 60 Niederlaus. Kohlenw. 12 206,00 Jemens & Halsko 12 288. 75 Nordd. Wollkammerer. 10 (148,00 Staatsfaurt. Chem. F. 9 1185250 Obersaohl. Risenhnb. 21, 100,40 Gott. Bred. Porz 9 1c8,25 do, Risenind, (Caro) 0 S 38,00 Settiner Chem. D. 17 260. 80 do. Kokswerke 10 215. 00 do. Vulkan. 11 189,30 Orensstein & Koppen 14 217,25 Stöhr, Kammgarn, 10 187,60 Phoenix. Bergbau 15 264,76 Stoiberger Zinkh. 0 1289,75 Rhein Metallwaren, 0 Trägerhunder Sprelk. T. - do. Vora. Akt. 75 Terra - Akt. - Ges. 10 107,00 Rhein. - Nass. Bergw. 24 321,50 Thale Eisenb. St. Pr. 18 283 50 Rhein. Stahlwerke 8 17460 40. do. Vor A. 18 288.,00 Riebeck Montanw. 18 187,00 Thriederhall. 7 101. 00 Rombacher Hämatkarb. 9 175,75 Thürminger Salinen 5 66. 75 Rositzer Braunkohl. 5 96,75 Titel & Krüger. 10 142. 25 do. Zuckerfabrik 10 143. 00 D. à. Lind. Bao - Ver 10 1ee, 50 Suchs, - Th. Brk. St. - A. 7 u Hügehn e äboer 12 1898. 70 do. do. St. - Pr. 7. Westeregeln, Alkahl 10 202. 00 Sachs. Webst. - F. Sch. 15 141. 25 Westfäl. Draht - Inland, 7 165,00 Saline Salzungen 71, 109. 50 do. Stahlwerke 56,40 Sangerh. Maseh. - Fab - 316,50 Wittener Gutesstahl. 9 189,75 Sehering, chem. F. 13 282,69 Wrede Malerei. 2 75. 00 Schles. Zinkh. 18 - Seitzer Maschinen 18 3808 50 Schluss - Kurse, 26. Juli, nachm. 3 Uhr. Oesterr. Kreditaktien. , 208,26 | , hin. , - Berliner Rendite. , 167,00. o. , - - Kommerz - a. Diskontioh , - Boe Anleih - e , , ! o. 10 on ;. - ohe *. » 283,25 r neue 9 — Diskonto - Kommandit , e 185,76 arten. -. 790. 25 Dresdner Bank. 1168,00 Dnngarische Krone. - Nationalbank f. Dresde. t Guatachatl , „ 285s , 12 Schaaffhausen. Bankverein 124,68 ] Deutscher Locomotiv. V A. 1765. 25 Rass. Bank t auew. H. 154,75 | Dortmund. Diskonto. , - Wiener Bankverein. - Hohenlohe - Wer , „. 187. 12 Lobeck - Bochen * 498299 — Laurahdotto * ) 189799 9 172. 37 Österr. Staatsbank , „ 152,25 | Phoenix - Be a. „ 264. 87 Lombarden ,. - 18,50 | Rhein Stahlwerke ,. , 174,62 Anatolier ( 60. ). - Rombachberg Hütte. ,. 1785,87 Baltimore and O - 107. ,87 Kaukasische Hütte 192,12 Kanada. 262,67 mer. „ 1590. Co Orientbahnen Betr. Gea 167,50 r , Berliner Straßendach - Gotthardbahn. - Hemb. - Amer. Pakett. 142,75 Bodensee Bahnen , , „ 11550 | Hans Dampf „ 205s,50 r o r. 121. 57 pennsylvanische - Bahn „ „ - - Troed ,. 178,82 Prinz Heinrichbahn , , 157,62 i. - - : : : Warzawa - Wiener. - Oder e 9 9 1,00 3. leihe. -. 80,12 Peandenss behauptet F. 80ohe. Hanto 3 o — Leipziger Börse vom 26 Januar paar Baum i m 5 97,00 Spinnerei. 10 228,00 Leipzig. St. An l S88. 90 ] Laealpa. K Sp. 18 , 178,70 e Diech. Kredit a eng. Anst. Ptdbr. 3 , 97,25 | Sebeoek &. 8 , 191,00 do do. 4 101,00 A. Zuckerfabrik e 15 1380,25 Lipa H. B. Pfiffer , a Klesas - 43288,00 8. X an 14 4 98. 80 Pont Zement H o - Allg. Diach. Ored - A. 9 I181,76 Kommunalb , t Sacha Kr. - a. Sparb. n. T ; s - -. , 50 Lei et s 158,75 do do. 4 1I100,59 Band t dbesita , 188 , 28 Gras - Kog. Risend. T. 122,00 Manatelder Kurve. 0 794Helehertaoheo B delanitaer vote Kux S | Teichlenwerte , u — Gr. Leips. Straßendach 10 218,70 Don Ratt 6 | 11,00 L Straßendach. - - d. , e Elektr , Serd. Amtliche Bekanntmachungen. 10. Juli 1912 gegen den am 17. Juni 1867 in Gestalt eines Mannes und Buchhalters Albert Meusel ist erledigt. Die Vertretung hierseits der Gerichtsvollziehers während der Gerichtsferien 1912 ist wie folgt geordnet: Für die Zeit vom 16. August bis 5. September und für den Bezirk des Amtsgerichts Schkeuditz: Wilhelm Voigtländer. Für die übrige Zeit, soweit diese gesetzlich planmäßig den Gerichtsvollziehern der Bezirke 2, 6 und 9 obliegt: Lorenz. Für die Zeit vom 15. Juli bis 20. Juli für den ganzen Bezirk 3: Julius Vinkel. Für die übrige Zeit, soweit dieselben gesetzlich planmäßig den Gerichtsvollziehern der Bezirke 5 und 6 obliegen: Wilhelm Voigtländer. Für die übrige Zeit, soweit dieselben gesetzlich planmäßig den Gerichtsvollziehern der Bezirke 3 und 9 obliegen: Wolle. Für die Zeit vom 15. Juli bis 14. August für die Gerichtsvollziehern der Bezirke 7 und 10: Johannes Kiehntopf. Für die übrige Zeit, soweit dieselben gesetzlich planmäßig den Gerichtsvollziehern der Bezirke 3 und 4 obliegen: Paproth. Für die Zeit vom 27. August bis 6. September für den ganzen Bezirk 7: Julius Pinkel. Für die Zeit vom 13. August bis 11. September für den ganzen Bezirk 8: August Hennigke. Für die Zeit vom 9. August bis 12. September für den ganzen Bezirk 9: Robert Ranneberg. Für die Zeit vom 5. August bis 1. September für den ganzen Bezirk 10: Johannes Kiehntopf. Für die Zeit vom 15. Juli bis 10. August für den ganzen Bezirk 11: August Hennigke. Halle a.S., den 8. Juli 1912. Der Aufsichtsrichter des Amtsgerichts. Vorkanntmachung. Straßen-Belichtung. Im August 1912 brennen die Nachtlaternen vom 12. Uhr abends bis 4 Uhr früh. Halle a.S., den 22. Juli 1912. Der Magistrat. Vorkanntmachung, die Beschädigung der Telegraphenanlagen betreffend. Die Reichstelegraphen- und Fernsprechlinien unterliegen vielen fach vorabsichtlichen oder fahrlässigen Beschädigungen; besonders häufig findet eine Zertrümmerung vonisolatoren durch Steinwürfe usw. statt, öfter werden auch Drahtstücke auf die Leitungen geworfen und in letzter Zeit wurden sogar in zahlreichen Fällen Leitungsdrähte aus den Anlagen herausgeschnitten und gestohlen. Es wird daher abermals auf die Bestimmungen aufmerksam gemacht, die zur Sicherung der Telegraphenanlagen im Strafgesetzbuch für das Deutsche Reich erlassen sind. Sie lauten: „S 317. Wer vorsätzlich und rechtswidrig den Betrieb einer zu öffentlichen Zwecken dienenden Telegraphenanlage dadurch verhindert oder gefährdet, dass er Teile oder Zubehörungen derselben beschädigt oder Veränderungen daran vornimmt, wird mit Gefangnis von einem Monat bis zu drei Jahren bestraft. S 318. Wer fahrlässigweise durch eine der vorbezeichneten Handlungen den Betrieb einer zu öffentlichen Zwecken dienenden Telegraphenanlage verhindert oder gefährdet, wird mit Gefangnis - einem Jahr oder mit Geldstrafe bis zu neunhundert Mark bestraft. Gleiche Strafe trifft die zur Beaufsichtigung und Bedienung der Telegraphenanlagen und ihrer Zubehörungen angestellten Personen, wenn sie durch Vernachlässigung der ihnen obliegenden Pflichten den Betrieb verhindern oder gefährden. S 318 a. Die Vorschriften in den S 317 und 318 finden gleichmäßig Anwendung auf die Verhinderung oder Gefährdung des Betriebes der zu öffentlichen Zwecken dienenden Rohrpostanlagen. Unter Telegraphenanlagen im Sinne der S 317 und 318 sind Fernsprechanlagen mitbegriffen. Diejenigen, welche die Urheber vorsätzlicher Beschädigungen der Telegraphenanlagen ermitteln und zur Anzeige bringen, so dass dieselben zum Ersatz und zur Strafe herangezogen werden können, erhalten Belohnungen aus der Reichskasse. Diese Belohnungen werden auch dann bewilligt, wenn die Schuldigen wegen jugendlichen Alters oder wegen sonstiger persönlicher Gründe gesetzlich nicht haben bestraft oder zum Ersatz herangezogen werden können; desgleichen wenn die Beschädigung noch nicht wirklich ausgeführt, sondern durch rechtzeitiges Einschreiten der zu belohnenden Personen verhindert worden ist. Bedingung bleibt nur, dass der Tatbestand sowohl festgestellt worden ist, dass gegen die Schuldigen eingeschritten werden kann. Halle a. S., den 28. Juni 1912. Die Polizeiverwaltung. Bekanntmachung. Der 2. Kleer und Graschnitt unseres in Halle - Trothaer Flur n Wassergewinnungspläne soll meistbietend unter den im folgenden bekannt zu machenden Bedingungen am Dienstag, den 30. Juli 1912, nachm. 4 Uhr, im Pumpwerk II hier, Trothaer Straße 48, verkauft werden. Halle a. S., den 24. Juli 1912 Die Verwaltung der städt. Gas- und Wasserwerke. „Ammendorf im mit Gleisanlage (9000 qm Baustellenterrain h und neu projektierter Straße gelegen, passend für Wohnhäuser oder Fabrikanlage, preiswert zu verkaufen, evt. Tausch mit Grundstück nicht ausgeklommen. Offerten unter R. 5965 an Haasenstein & Vogler, Halle a. S. [6861 Zwangsversteigerung. Sonnabend, den 27. d. M. 6., vormittags 11 Uhr, werde ich im Zivilgerichtsgebäude gegen sofortige Bezahlung: 1 Schreibtisch, 2 Sessel, ein Spiegel, 1 Vertiko, 1 Warenkasten, 1 Toilette mit Marmor - 2 t h re verschiedene Pinien, Gerichtsvollzieher. Unterreich. J 125. - Mark kostet die Ausbildung zu einem vollkommen tüchtigen Chauffeur. Verl. Sie kostenlos Prospekte unserer Fahr- und Fachschule. Stellenvermittlung gratis. Telef. 7934. Eintritt jederzeit. Carl Jülich, Motor - G. mbH,ahrzeng-Fabrik, schönefeldb. Leipzig. Zu Grundstücken. Bitte erst lesen. Alters- und krankheitshalber verkaufe mein Haus mit Hinter-ebenboden billig. Daselbe eignet sich für das Vermieten an Badegäste, das Kaiserbad vis-à-vis, zu einem Pensionat, auch zu einem Fabrikbetrieb mit elektrischer Kraft. G. R. Frohne, Bad Schmiedeberg, Bez. Halle S. Stadt-Bäckerei. Werkstätte in lebhafter und dauernder Industrie- und Schiffahrtsstadt (6500 Einwohner) in guter Geschäftslage, voll mit der Neuzeit entsprechender eingerichteter Bäckerei. Mit Einkommen von üb. 400 M. Preis 17030. Anzahl. — 6000. Reschgeld lange Jahre zu 49 fest. Otto Munkelt, Bornburg a. Neue Straße 52. Sehr schöne Bandwinte 18 Mg., 2 Kühe, 4 Schweine, gut Innung, Obstplatz, Fischerei und Angel gelegenheit ist weg. Krankheit für den billigen Preis von 11500 A6 zu verkaufen. Anz. — 6000 Meier, Bresewitz i. Vomm. P Verpachtungen Eine Bäckerei ist zu verpachten oder zu verkaufen und 1. Oktober zu beziehen. Kreis, Siebigkergördnstr. 4. Hypotheken-Kapital, 10 Jahre fest, bis 60 h der Taxe. M. Oberlaender Bank-Kommission, Alte Promenade 6. - Toll. II49. r 15000 / zur II. St. g. Krukenbergstr. 12, II, I. 2 Vermietungen. J Taubenstraße 25, Nähe Francke'schen Stiftungen, 6 heizbare Zimmer und allem Zubehör, ruhig und sonnig, sofort oder später zu vermieten. Nähe Kontor. Steinbocksgasse A, Stube und Kammer an einzelne Leute zu vermieten. Preis 120 Mk. Nähe Rathausstraße 19 pt., Zimmer 47. Der Magistrat. Keller zu vermieten. Die im Kellergeschoss des Schulgebäudes Charlottenstraße Nr. 15 (Front Augustastraße) belegenen 2 Lagerräume sind vom 1. Januar 1913 ab zu vermieten. Näheres Rathausstraße 19 prt., Zimmer 47. Der Magistrat. Pferdestall für 4 Pferde ausreichend, zum 1. Oktober 1912 zu vermieten. Neue Promenade 12. Zur Unterstützung von Wagen ist Raum vorhanden. Näheres Rathausstraße 109 prt., Zimmer 47. Der Magistrat. Reilstraße 40, 1 u. I gr. herrschaftl. Wohnung, J. Etage, 10 Zim., elektr. Licht, reichl. Zub., 2000 Mk., eventl. geteilt, Wohnung, II. Etage, 890 Mk., zum 1. 10 er. zu vermieten durch Oskar Knoch, Kraußenschstraße 27. Gut möbliertes Zimmer mit Bad, Gas, Schreibtisch und Klavier sofort zu vermieten. Alter Markt 25, II links, Eingang Meteritzstraße 87, erfragen Helbra, Mansfelder SW. Personaler, J Gr. Steinstraße 12, II. herrschaftl. Wohnung, setk. Zim., Küche mit Fr. Weibliche. Bekanntmachung. Gelernter Schlosser, erfahren im Kessel- und Maschinenvertrieb, sowie Installation von Gas, Wasser und elektr. Licht, wird sofort als Heizer gesucht. Meldungen an Universitäts-Nervenklinik, Halle (Saale). Ich bitte den Herrn, der bereit, Zigarren an Wirte zu verkaufen gegen hohe Provision oder AG 165. - Vergütung pro Mt. gl. zur schriftl. Wilhelm Volckmann, Hamburg 99. Zigarr.-Verk. a. Agent ges. Wirte 2c. Vergütung ev. Mk. 300. - monatlich [6359 H. Jürgensen & Co., Hamburg 22. Schließungen, Ehe- und Rechtsgut, in England. Gesetzsauszug, Prospekt 2c. 50 Pf. Brock's London, E. O. Queens Street 90. Kammer, Bad, Badekabinett, Gas, Doppelfenster, zum 1. Okt. Bureaus und Ärzte. Näheres Blumensstraße 11, part., 2. Harfüßerstraße 11 Eckladen mit 4 Schaufenstern, 1 Schaufenster 1. Okt. zu vermieten. Zentralheizung. Nähere Auskunft bei Otto Strube. Offene Stellen, m V. Vertreter Rock- und für Halle und Umgebung von Fabrik isolierter n Hanne v. Arbeiterinnen A. -, Leipzig. [6911 finden per 1. August oder per sofort auf dauernde Beschäftigung L. Mayer, Hofliebhaber, Baden-Baden. Gewandte Stenotypistin Offerten unter Angabe der Gehaltsansprüche, bisheriger Tätigkeit 2c. erbeten unter B. P. 3743 an Landwirtschafts-Personal e — ⸗ 9 * ⸗ Stefan Kaluschin Steuer oder Töpferplan 9, am Leipzigerturm. Vom Theaterrestaurant bis zur Hauptpost ein silbernes Portemonnaie verloren. Abzugeben gegen Bezahlung oder früher zu vermieten. Preis 1400 ⸗ Sehr geeignet für Rechts- und Nebenräumen und großem Lagerkeller, und ein Laden mit Männliche. — Tüchtige Kabel sofort - vte Taillen - bei hohem Gehalt. für Baugegeschäft sofort / Rudolf Mosse, Halle. [Verloren. J lohnung. Talamtstraße 1 I. Familien - Nachrichten. See e Männliche Jelterer Buchhalter sucht für die Abendstunden Neben, beschäftigung, Führung der Bücher eines Arztes oder Berg G Off u. R. 6778 an die E Ztg. erbeten. zped. d. Eaußgesucht. V Wind- od. Wassermühle i. gutem Zustand in der nächste Umgebung gesucht. Offert. erb. unt. H. 154 postlager. Magdeburg Bäckerei oder Mühle, auch Sägewerk sofort von Eigentümer gesucht. Preis v. Angebo. u. Bäckerei 15 postlager. Goslar. 25 Romantisch 100 bis 150 Pfund fetten Speck zu kaufen. Gesucht. Bill Off. an B. l. Böllbergerweg h S Seit Jahren S zahle höchste Preis. getr. Damen-, Herrenkleider - ganze Nachlässe - Schuhwerk, Altertümer, Gold und Musikwerke, pianos, Fahrräder, Nähmaschinen, Möbel und Waren aller Art. Preis. Postkarte bestellt komme sofort, auch außerhalb. Rennser, e Schülershof Nr. 1. Da Abwaschbare Kragen Kl. Berlin 2, I. Hochzeits - Geschenke Juwelier Tittel, Schmiedestraße 12, Ecke Zapfenstraße. - Statt jeder besondere Anzeige. Gestern abend 6 Uhr entschlief sanft nach langem, schwerem, mit großer Geduld ertragenem Leiden unser herzensguter Vater, unser lieber Bruder, Schwager, Onkel, Schwiegerseller und Großvater, der Rentner Friedrich Burkel im 62. Lebensjahr des Stadtgottesackers aus statt. * Gestern abend 6 Uhr verstarb nach langem, schwerem Leiden unser früherer Chef, der Tischlermeister, jetzige Rentner uns stets zum Vorbild gedient hat. Herr Friedrich Burkel. S Wir verlieren in demselben einen Chef, der durch sein wirksames Streben, seinen edlen Charakter, sowie sein uns gegenüber in allen Lebenslagen bewiesenes Wohlwollen sichern ihm ein dauerndes Andenken. Dies zeigen schmerzerfüllt an die tieftrauernden Hinterbliebenen Halle a. S, Kl. Steinstraße 4, den 26., Juli 1912. Die Beerdigung findet am Sonntag vormittag 1 Uhr von der Kapelle 6906 Halle a. S., den 26., Juli 1912. 6914 * Das Personal der Halleschen Bäckerei-Anstalt „Pietät“ hat sich erregt.
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https://github.com/ColleenKeegan/googleads-java-lib/blob/master/modules/dfp_appengine/src/main/java/com/google/api/ads/admanager/jaxws/v201802/EvaluationStatus.java
|
Github Open Source
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Open Source
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Apache-2.0
| 2,018 |
googleads-java-lib
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ColleenKeegan
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Java
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Code
| 531 | 1,092 |
// Copyright 2018 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package com.google.api.ads.admanager.jaxws.v201802;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlEnum;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
/**
* <p>Java class for EvaluationStatus.
*
* <p>The following schema fragment specifies the expected content contained within this class.
* <p>
* <pre>
* <simpleType name="EvaluationStatus">
* <restriction base="{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}string">
* <enumeration value="CANCELED"/>
* <enumeration value="COMPLETED"/>
* <enumeration value="FAILED"/>
* <enumeration value="IN_PROGRESS"/>
* <enumeration value="INACTIVE"/>
* <enumeration value="SKIPPED"/>
* <enumeration value="INACTIVE_BUT_TRIGGERED"/>
* <enumeration value="UNKNOWN"/>
* </restriction>
* </simpleType>
* </pre>
*
*/
@XmlType(name = "EvaluationStatus")
@XmlEnum
public enum EvaluationStatus {
/**
*
* When a {@link Proposal} is retracted the associated workflow is canceled.
* Including the steps, rules and actions.
*
*
*/
CANCELED,
/**
*
* The entity is in a completed state. If the entity is a workflow, it means that all steps have
* been completed. If the entity is a step, it means all actions in the step have been completed.
* If the entity is a workflow action, it means it has been done.
*
*
*/
COMPLETED,
/**
*
* The entity is in a failed state. If the entity is a workflow, it means that some step has
* failed. If the entity is a step, it means some actions in the step have failed. If the
* entity is a workflow action, it means it has failed.
*
*
*/
FAILED,
/**
*
* The entity is in progress. If the entity is a workflow, it means that some steps have yet to be
* started. If the entity is a step, it means some actions in the step are still in a pending
* state. If the entity is a workflow action, it means the action is ongoing.
*
*
*/
IN_PROGRESS,
/**
*
* The entity has not been started. If the entity is a step, it has not been started by the
* workflow execution process If the entity is a workflow action, it means that the step has not
* been triggered.
*
*
*/
INACTIVE,
/**
*
* The action is skipped because the {@link Proposal} and/or {@link ProposalLineItem proposal line
* items} do not trigger the conditions for the step. This value is only for actions.
*
*
*/
SKIPPED,
/**
*
* The action is triggered because the {@link Proposal} and/or {@link ProposalLineItem proposal
* line items} trigger the conditions for the step, but the step itself has not started yet.
*
*
*/
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*
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https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%20%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
ఊటుకూరు భూదేవి
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https://te.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ఊటుకూరు భూదేవి&action=history
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Telugu
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Spoken
| 459 | 3,517 |
ఊటుకూరు భూదేవి చైతన్య గీతాల తెలుగు భాషా సంస్కృతి ప్రచారంలో గాయని.
బాల్యం, విద్యాభ్యాసం, వివాహం
చిత్తూరు జిల్లా మదనపల్లి ప్రాంతంలో అంకిశెట్టిపాలెం అనే పల్లెటూర్లో జన్మించింది ఊటుకూరు భూదేవి. తండ్రి వెంకటరమణ, తల్లి లక్ష్మమ్మ. పదవ తరగతి వరకు కాళహస్తి లోని సంక్షేమ హాస్టల్లో చదువుకున్నారు.
తరచూ సాంస్కృతిక కార్యక్రమాల్లో పాల్గొంటూ వస్తున్న క్రమంలో ఒకసారి తిరుపతిలో కచ్చేరి చేస్తున్నప్పుడు అప్పటి చిత్తూరు జిల్లా కలెక్టరు ఇ.వి.సుబ్బారావు భూదేవి పాట విని అభినందించి తిరుపతి సంగీత కళాశాలలో చేర్పించడం ఆమె గాయనిగా నిలదొక్కుకోవడానికి ఎంతగానో సహాయపడింది.
జన్మనిచ్చిన తల్లిదండ్రులు సహాయ సహకారాలతో పాటు బబ్బెళ్ళపాటి గోపాల కృష్ణ సాయి ఆమెను మానస పుత్రికగా స్వీకరించి గాయనిగా మంచి ప్రోత్సాహాన్నందించారు. భర్త సతీష్ కూడా రిథమ్స్, పాడ్స్ వాద్య కళాకారుడే కావడంతో ఆమెకు వెన్నుదన్నుగా నిలిచి ప్రోత్సహిస్తున్నారు.
సంగీతాభ్యాసం
తండ్రి వెంకటరమణ ప్రజా గాయకుడవడం చేత చిన్నతనం నుంచే పాటలయందు ఆసక్తినేర్పరుచుకుంది. తన 8 వ ఏట నుంచే పాటలు పాడడం ప్రారంభించింది. తండ్రి వల్లనే తనకు పాటల పట్ల ఆసక్తి కలిగిందని చెబుతారు భూదేవి.
పాఠశాలలో చదువుతూనే ఎన్నో పాటల పోటీలలో పాల్గొని బహుమతులు సంపాదించుకున్నారు. అప్పటి నుంచే ఎప్పటికైనా మంచి గాయనిగా పేరు ప్రఖ్యాతలు తెచ్చుకోవాలని స్థిరనిర్ణయానికొచ్చింది.
తిరుపతి సంగీత కళాశాలలో సంగీతాభ్యాసం.
తెలుగు విశ్వవిద్యాలయంలో లలిత సంగీతాన్ని ప్రముఖ గాయకులు డా..చిత్తరంజన్ గారి వద్ద రెండేళ్ళపాటు అభ్యాసం చేసారు.
హైదరాబాద్ కింగ్ కోఠిలోని శ్రీ త్యాగరాజ ప్రభుత్వ సంగీత నృత్య కళాశాలలో సర్టిఫికేట్ కోర్సు చేశారు. హైదరాబాద్ లోని టీచర్ లావణ్య లత వద్ద సంగీతాభ్యాసం చేసారు.
కళామైత్రి సంస్థ
కళామైత్రి సంస్థను స్థాపించి తెలుగు భాషా సంస్కృతి ప్రచారంలో భాగంగా శతకామృతవర్షిణి పేరిట నాటి కవులు రచించిన పలు శతకాలను, తెలుగు భాష ఔన్నత్యాన్ని గొంతెత్తి ఆమె తన పాటల ద్వారా అనేక ప్రదర్శనలిచ్చి తద్వారా తన వంతుగా తెలుగుతల్లికి నీరాజనాలర్పిస్తున్నారు.
తెలుగు వికాసం కోసం పాటలు
జన హృదయాలలో నుండే పాటలు పుడతాయంటారు. వరకట్న దురాచారం వల్ల ఎంతో మంది ఆడపిల్లల జీవితాలు నాశనమవుతుండడం స్వయంగా చూసి స్పందించి పాటల రూపంలో వాటిని జనబాహుళ్యానికి పరిచయం చేశారు. రెడ్డప్ప వ్రాసిన గీతం ఆమెకు దొరకడం ఒక అదృష్టమంటారు భూదేవి. ఎందుకంటే .. ఆ పాట పాడిన ప్రతీచోటా ఎందరో ఆడవాళ్ళు కన్నీళ్ళు పెట్టుకుని తనకు, తన పాటకు మద్దత్తిచ్చారు.. ఆ పాట ఇలా సాగుతుంది.
"తాళి కట్టిన వాడు మగవాడు, తాగుడెందుకు మరిగినాడు
కాసు తెచ్చే మొనగాడు, మత్తులోన మునిగినాడు"
జన చైతన్య గీతాలకు ఎంతటి స్పందన లభిస్తుందో ఈ పాట ద్వారానే ఆమెకు తెలిస్తొచ్చింది. గాంధీ పీస్ సెంటర్ వారి ఆధ్వర్యంలో రెండేళ్ళ పాటు చిత్తూరు అంతటా అన్ని గ్రామాల్లోను అనేక ప్రజా చైతన్య గీతాలను పాడుతూ గాయనిగా తన పయనానికి పునాదులు వేసుకున్నారు. ప్రజా నాట్య మండలి "తెలుగు వెలుగులు" ప్రచారంలో భాగంగా రాష్ట్రమంతటా ప్రదర్శనలు ఇచ్చారు. ఇలా మూడేళ్ళు గడిచిన తర్వాత నుండి ఏ పాట పాడినా తెలుగు సంస్కృతిని ప్రతిబింబించేలా ఉండేవి మాత్రమే పాడాలని నిశ్చయించుకున్నారు భూదేవి.
కమ్మనైన తెలుగు భాష కలనైనా మరవొద్దు అని కవి ఎలమర్తి రమణయ్య వ్రాసిన పాటను తన స్వరంలో ఆలపిస్తూ తెలుగు భాష గొప్పదనాన్ని లాలనగా పరిచయం చేస్తుంటారు భూదేవి.
17 ఏళ్ళుగా పాడుతున్నా ఏరోజూ తన పాటలకు వెలకట్టుకోకుండా కేవలం జనం కోసం, ఆకలిని కడుపులో పెట్టుకుని కూడా సంతోషంగా పాడడం నేర్చుకున్నారు భూదేవి.
ప్రత్యేకతలు
జానపద గీతాలాపన
దేశభక్తి గీతాలాపన
సినిమా గీతాలు
డప్పు వాయిద్యం
మాతృభాషా ప్రబోధ గీతాలు
అన్నమయ్య కీర్తనలు
లలిత గీతాలు
తెలుగు భాష ప్రచారంలో
పాశ్చాత్య వ్యామోహంలో పడి తెలుగు భాష అంతరించి పోకూడదు. పదికాలాల పాటు మనగలగాలి అని ఆశించే వారిలో ప్రథమురాలు భూదేవి. కళామైత్రి సంస్థను స్థాపించి తెలుగు భాషా సంస్కృతి ప్రచారంలో భాగంగా శతకామృతవర్షిణి పేరిట నాటి కవులు రచించిన పలు శతకాలను, తెలుగు ఊటుకూరు భూదేవిభాష ఔన్నత్యాన్ని గొంతెత్తి ఆమె తన పాటల ద్వారా అనేక ప్రదర్శనలిచ్చి తద్వారా తన వంతుగా తెలుగుతల్లికి నీరాజనాలర్పిస్తున్నారు.
మూలాలు
బయటి లింకులు
http://www.prajasakti.com/Article/Deepika/1901489
https://web.archive.org/web/20160709131130/http://www.bhudevi.in/index.html
http://www.sodhini.com/tag/%E0%B0%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81-%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF/
కళాకారులు
తెలుగు కళాకారులు
జీవిస్తున్న ప్రజలు
తెలుగు జానపద కళాకారులు
తెలుగు సినిమా నేపథ్యగాయకులు
తెలుగు సినిమా గాయకులు
తెలుగు మహిళా గాయకులు
చిత్తూరు జిల్లా మహిళా గాయకులు
తెలుగు సినిమా మహిళా నేపథ్య గాయకులు
| 22,201 |
cu31924019236136_16
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English-PD
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,915 |
Cases on the law of torts
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Bohlen, Francis H. (Francis Hermann), 1868-1942
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English
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Spoken
| 7,433 | 10,272 |
Instead of an action or an indictment, he stooped to the level of his assailants, and put his vindication in the shape of a letter to the editor of the same newspaper. That was the form it took, but in substance the persons addressed were the tenant-farmers of the county of Waterford. And, however others may blame his choice of a course, assuredly it does not lie in the mouth of the plaintiff or of his co-libellers to do so. Under these circumstances, it is as plain a proposition as was ever enunciated that the occasion gave to Mr. Esmonde a privilege of laying before the electors of the county he was canvassing' every circumstance of Dwyer's conduct in relation to the farm — (I might put it further, but it is needless MCDOUGALL V. CLARIDGE. IO65 to do so) — which would be calculated to satisfy ordinarily reason- able men that he was one whom a just and even an indulgent land- lord might reasonably object to retaining, still more, to reinstating on his land. That those circumstances would be in the highest de- gree defamatory, if Dwyer himself had not been the aggressor, might make them all the more proper to be covered by the privilege, because all the more demonstrative of Dwyer's objectionableness. The defendant might, in exercising this privilege, fall into excesses of phrase or intemperance in expression which would indica'te an animus going beyond the bounds of self-defense. But the effect of that would be, not to take the subject out of the privilege, but to constitute evidence from which the jury might or might not infer malice in fact ; the malice in law, which is implied prima facie in the mere publishing of defamatory matter being repelled by the privi- lege of the occasion.^ (b) Communications for the protection of the common interests of the maker and recipient. McDOUGALL v. CLARIDGE. Court of King's Bench, 1808. 1 Campbell, 267. This was an action for a libel on the plaintiff in his profession as a solicitor. — Plea, the general issue. The libel set out in the declaration was contained in a letter written by the defendant to Messrs. Wright & Co., bankers at Not- tingham, and charged the plaintiff with improper conduct in the management of their concerns. It appeared, however, that the ^Accord: Hermmings v. Gasson, E. B. & E. 346 (1858) ; Hibbs v. Wilkin- son, 1 F. & F. 608 (1859) ; Koenig v. Ritchie, 3 F. &. F. 413 (1862) ; Reg. v. Veley, 4 F. & F. 1117 (1867) ; Laughton v. Bishop of Sodor and Man, L. R. 4 P. C. 495 (1872), p. 508; Mielly v. Soule, 49 La. Ann. 800 (1897) ; Shep- herd V. Baer, 96 Md. 152 (1902) ; Myers v. Kaichen, 75 Mich. 272 (1889) ; Fish V. St. Louis, etc.. Publishing Co., 102 Mo. App. 6 (1903), semble; Chaffin v. Lynch, 83 Va. 106 (1887), 84 Va. 884 (1888), and an agent of a corporation may answer an attack upon it, Koenig v. Ritchie, supra. But one insult does not justify or be set off against another, Bourland V. Eidson, 8 Grat. 27 (Va. 1851), and the fact that the plaintiff had slandered or libeled the defendant does not justify him in publishing orally, Senior V. Medland, 4 Jur. N. S. 1039 (1858), De Pew v. Robinson, 95 Ind. 109 (1884), or in the public press, defamatory statement in regard to the plaintiff not responsive to or explanatory of the latter's attack, Fish v. St. Louis, etc.. Publishing Co., 102 Mo, App. 6 (1903), Xavier v. Oliver, 80 App. Div. 292 (N. Y. 1903), nor, while he can accuse him of untruthfulness or "propensity to make injurious statements devoid of foundation" and give instances of indulgence therein, O'Donoghue v. Hussey, Ir. R. 5 C. L. 124 (1871), may he accuse him of unconnected crimes to show him to be degraded and so unworthy of credit, Brewer v. Chase, 121 Mich. 526 (1899). In Murphy v. Halpin, Ir. R. 8 C. L. 127 (1874), it was held that the de- fendant was not privileged to publish in the public papers an attack upon the plaintiff, in answer to statements made by the latter at a meeting of a board I066 MCDOUGALL V. CLARIDGE. letter was intended as a confidential communication to these gentle* men, and that the defendant was himself interested in the affairs which he supposed to be mismanaged by the plaintiff. — After the case had been opened by the plaintiff's counsel — Lord Ellenborough said, if the letter had been written by the defendant confidentially, and under the impression that its state- ments were well founded, he was clearly of opinion that the action could,not be maintained. It was impossible to say that the defendant had maliciously published a libel to aggrieve the plaintiff, if he was acting bona Me, with a view to the interests of himself and the per- sons whom he addressed ; and if a communication of this sort, which was not meant to go beyond those immediately interested in it, were the subject of an action for damages, it would be impossible for the affairs of mankind to be conducted.^ His Lordship referred to of guardians of which he was a member, though reported without his pro- curement or consent in a newspaper. As to the right in private communications to cast imputations upon others or to comment publicly upon their conduct in repelling a charge made against oneself or in explaining one's conduct so as to prevent injurious interpre- tations being put upon it, see Coward v. Wellington, 7 C. & P. 531 (1836), Whiteley v. Adams, IS C. B. (N. S.) 392 (1863), and O'Connor v. Sill, 60 Mich. 175 (1886). ^ So the stockholders of a company may inform one another or the offi- cers of the company of anything which they honestly believe to have been done by a fellow stockholder, official, or employe of the company prejudicial to their joint interest, either privately, Chambers v. Leiser, 43 Wash. 285 (1906) ; Quarts Hill Co. v. Beall, L. R., 20 Ch. Div. 501 (1882) ; Haney v. Trost, 34 La. Ann. 1146 (1882) ; Scullin v. Harper, 78 Fed. 460 (C. C. A. 1897), or in a meeting of the stockholders, Parsons v. Surgey, 4 F. & F. 247 (1864) ; Broughton v. McGrew, 39 Fed. 672 (1889). So a member of an association, social, beneficial, fraternal or professional may make complaint to the society or its officers of supposed conduct of a fellow member in violation of the by-laws or prejudicial to it or contrary to its objects and ideals, McKnight v. Hasbrouek, 17 R. I. 70 (1890); Graham v. State, 6 Ga. App. 436 (1909); Lovejoy v. Whitcomb, 174 Mass. 586 (1899), semble, if, and only if, such complaint is made in order to bring about an investigation leading to the expulsion or discipline of the offending member. So a corporation may inform its stockholders by letter or circular of the supposed misconduct of an officer or employee, P. W. &• B. R. Co. v. Quig- ley, 21 How. 202 (U. S. 1858) ; Lawless v. Anglo-Egyptian Cotton & Oil Co., L. R. 4 Q. B. 262 (1869), or may explain its corporate acts, though the expla- nation is defamatory to third persons, Montgomery v. Knox, 23 Fla. 595 (1887). The same privilege attaches to the reports of a college board of trustees to its contributors of its reasons for removing its president, Gattis V. Kilgo, 140 N. Car. 106 (1905), or of a fraternal association to its members of the expulsion of a member, Kirkpatrick v. Eagle Lodge, 26 Kans. 384 (1881). In Redgate v. Roush, 61 Kans. 480 (1900), it is held that the officers of a church may communicate to all the other members of the same denomina- tion, through the medium of their church papers, notice of the disposition of their pastor and the reasons therefor, Shurtleff v. Stevens, 51 Vt. 501 (1879) ; Konkle V. Haven, 140 Mich. 472 (1905) ; Clark v. Molyneux, L. R. 3 Q. B. D. 237 (1877) ; Whiteley v. Adams, 15 C. B. (N. S.) 392 (1863) ; James v. Bos- ton, 2 C. & K. 4 (1845); and compare Shurtleff v. Parker, 130 Mass. 293 (1881), where it was held that a member of and a preacher in one congrega- tional association was not privileged to inform a member of another such association of the supposed character of another member of the latter, who was in fact a dismissed preacher, HARRISON V. BUSH. I067 a case of Cleaver v. Sarraude, tried on the northern circuit while he was at the bar ; where, in an action like the present, it appeared that the letter had been written confidentially to the Bishop of Durham, who employed the plaintiff as steward to his estates, to inform him of certain supposed mal-practices on the part of the plaintiff ; upon which the judge who presided declared himself of opinion, that the action was not maintainable, as the defendant had been acting jona fide ; and the nonsuit which he directed had been acquiesced in, from a conviction entertained by the plaintiff's counsel of its being founded in law. HARRISON V. BUSH. Queen's Bench, 18SS. S Ellis &• Blackburn, 344. Lord Campbell, C. J., in this term (May 24th) delivered the judgment of the court.^ This was an action for a libel, tried before my Brother Crowder at the last Salisbury assizes. The defendant pleaded not guilty, and a justification. It appeared that Dr. Harrison, the plaintiff, before and at the time when the cause of action accrued, was a justice of peace for the county of Somerset, and was in the habit of acting at petty sessions held in the borough of Frome. In the month of October last, there was a contested election, for a member to represent this borough in Parliament. During the election, there was much excitement ; many windows were broken by the mob ; and there were dangerous riots in the streets. The defendant was an elector and an inhabitant of the borough ; and, after the election was over, he and several hun- dred other inhabitants of the borough prepared, signed and trans- mitted to Viscount Palmerston a memorial complaining of the con- duct of the plaintiff as a magistrate during the election, imputing to him that he had made speeches directly inciting to a breach of the peace ; that, after reading the Riot Act, he had sent a man into the In the following cases statements made for the protection of a common interest were held privileged, Knight v. Gibbs, 1 A. & E. 43 (1834), landlord made statements to tenant as to inmates of the house occupied by the latter ; Wilson V. Robinson, 7 Q. B. 68 (1845), statements by one who had sold his interest in a vessel to the other joint owner, as to the plaintiff's conduct while managing their joint interests; Hamon v. Falle, L. R. 4 A. C. 247 (1879), an insurance company wrote to an owner of a vessel refusing to in- sure it if the plaintiff was made the captain of the vessel; Wagner v. Scott, * 164 Mo. 289 (1901), the defendant and the person to whom the statement was made jointly employed the plaintiff; Trimble v. Morrish, 1S2 Mich. 624 (1908), doctor made defamatory statements to a druggist, who by contract had the right to fill the doctor's prescriptions, in regard to the druggist's clerk; Allen v. Cape Fear, etc., R. Co., 100 N. Car. 397 (1888) ; Warner v. Missouri Pacific R. Co., 112 Fed. 114 (1901), statements in regard to con- signor of freight, made by one connecting railroad to another ; and see Wie- man v. Mabee, 45 Mich. 484 (1881). , ^ Only so much of the opinion is given as relates to the question as to whether the memorial was privileged if sent to a person who had the power to remove the plaintiff from his magistracy. Io68 HARRISON V. BUSH. streets armed with a bludgeon, and ordered him to strike any per- son he might meet, indiscriminately ; and that he had himself violent- ly struck and kicked several men and women. The memorial alleged that the plaintiff ought not to be allowed to remain in her Majesty's commission of the peace, and concluded thus: "Yo''r memorialists therefore earnestly pray that your Lordships will cause such an inquiry to be made into the conduct of the said Dr. Harrison as your Lordship may think fit ; and that, on the allegations contained in the memorial being duly substantiated and verified, your Lord- ship will feel it to be your duty to recommend to her Majesty that the said Dr. Harrison be removed from the commission of the peace." , The learned judge said that, on the authority of Blagg v. Sturt, lo Q. B. 899, he should rule that the memorial to the Secretary of State was not a privileged communication, but would reserve leave to the defendant to move to enter a verdict for him, if the jury found bona fides. A rule has been obtained to enter a verdict for the defendant ; and this, we think, ought to be made absolute. During the argument, a legal canon was propounded for our guidance by the' plaintiff's counsel; and this we are willing to adopt, as we think that it is supported by the principles and authorities upon which the doctrine of privileged communications rest. "A communication made bona fide upon any subject-matter in which the party communicating has an interest, or in reference to which he has a duty, is privileged, if made to a person having a correspond- ing interest or duty, although it contain criminatory matter which, without this privilege, would be slanderous and actionable." In the present case, little need be said to show that the communicator had both an interest and a duty in the subject-matter of the communi- cation. Assuming that Dr. Harrison had misconducted himself as a magistrate in the manner alleged, all the electors and inhabitants of Frome had suffered a grievance by a magistrate having fomented the riot instead of quelling it, and having endangered instead of protecting life and property within the borough. They have an interest that they may not longer remain subject to the jurisdiction of a magistrate who so violates the law. Again, if Dr. Harrison had so misconducted himself as a magistrate, he had committed an offence ; and it was the duty of those who witnessed it to try by all reasonable means in their power that it should be inquired into and punished. "Duty," in the proposed canon, cannot be confined to legal duties which may be enforced by indictment action, or man- damus, but must include moral and social duties of imperfect obliga- tion. One mode of proceeding for this offence would have been by applying to us for a criminal information, and seeking to have the offender punished by fine and imprisonment. But another, which, though milder, may be more effectual, is to try by lawful and con- stitutional means to have the offender removed from his office, with- out calling down upon him the sentence of a criminal court. In this land of law and liberty, all who are aggrieved may seek redress ; HARRISON V. BUSH. We think that we are not called upon at present to decide how far an honest mistake in seeking redress subjects a person to civil or criminal responsibility ; and we give no opinion on the question whether action or indictment could be maintained against individuals living under the jurisdiction of a county court judge in the county palatine of Lancaster, who should bona iide present a criminatory memorial against him to the Lord High Chancellor, praying for his removal, instead of presenting it to the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, in whom, and in whom alone, the power of removing him is vested.^ We are of opinion that the defendant fell into no mistake what- ever in the course which he adopted, and that, although he might have addressed the memorial to the Lord Chancellor, in which case it certainly would have been privileged, it is equally privileged being addressed to the Secretary of State. Rule absolute.* ' So complaints of the conduct of an official, made to his superiors, for the purpose of obtaining redress or of securing better behavior in the fu- ture, are privileged, Woodward v. Lander, 6 C. & P. 548 (1834) ; Corbett v. Jackson, 1 U. C. Q. B. 128 (1843) ; Mclntire v. McBean, 13 U. C. Q. B. 534 (18SS), and so is a petition to a governor to veto a bill. Wood v. Wiman, 122 N. Y. 445 (1890), a taxpayer's protest against the allowance of fees charged by a State's Attorney, Young v. Richardson, 4 111. App. 364 (1879), or a petition remonstrating against the granting of a liquor license, Vander- see V. McGregor, 12 Wend. 545 (N. Y. 1834) ; Coloney v. Farrow, 5 App. Div. (N. Y.) 607 (1896) ; Metsler v. Romine, 9 Pa. Co. Ct. R. 171 (1890) ; Werner V. Ascher, 86 Wis. 349 (1893), semble. So petitions to the king or parliament, or a secretary of state, for the redress of a grievance are held privileged in Fairman v. Ives, 5 B. & Aid. 642 (1822) ; Rogers v. Spalding, 1 U. C. Q. B. 258 (1843), Reid v. Delorme, 2 Brev. 76 (S. Car. 1806), petition to legislature complaining of the failure of the Attorney-General to institute certain prosecution. ° Defamatory statements as to the conduct of public officers are not privi- leged if made to the public, Werner v. Ascher, supra, or to an official known to have no power to investigate the matter and remove or control such offi- cers, Logan v. Hodges, 146 N. Car. 38 (1907), and see Callahan v. Ingram, 122 Mo. 355 (1894). Nor are statements of the purely private conduct of a public officer, hav- ing no connection with his public duties, Wood v. Boyle, \77 Pa. St. 620 As to the right of the community to know how their public officers con- duct themselves, and so a newspaper's privilege to publish in good faith infor- mation thereof honestly and with good cause believed to be true, see O'Rourke v. Lewiston Sun, 89 Maine 310 (1896), but mere gossip or rumors affords no justification, especially if the defendant refuse or neglect an op- portunity offered by the plaintiff to investigate their truth, State v. Ford, 82 Minn. 452 (1901). * Accord: Communications or petitions asking for the removal of a pub- lic officer addressed to a person or body having power of removal ; White v. I070 COLEMAN V. MAC LENNAN. COLEMAN V. MacLENNAN. Supreme Court of Kansas, 1908. 78 Kansas Reports, 711. BuRCH, J. The moral and social duty of members of a great fraternity, or of a great church organization, to inform their brothers of the scandalous conduct of a fellow member or one of their leaders, is no higher or stronger than that of electors to keep the public administration pure by warnings respecting the character and conduct of a candidate for office; and if false words are not actionable in one case, unless published with actual malice, they are privileged to the same extent in the other. Such is the clear declara- tion of the court in the case of The State v. Balch, 31 Kans. 465, 2 Pac. 609. True, that was a criminal case, but the rule of privi- lege is the same in both civil and criminal actions. It is the occa- sion which gives rise to privilege, and this is unaffected by the char- acter of subsequent proceedings in which it may be pleaded. In Balch's case, a printed article making grave charges against the character of a candidate for county attorney, was circulated among the voters of the county previous to the election. In the opinion holding the occasion to be privileged the court said : "If the supposed libelous article was circulated only among the voters of Chase county, and only for the purpose of giving what the defendants believed to be truthful information, and only for the purpose of enabling such voters to cast their ballots more intel- ligently, and the whole thing was done in good faith, we think the Nicholls, 3 How. 266 (U. S. 1845) ; Pearce v. Brower, 72 Ga. 243 (1884) ; Greenwood v. Cohhey, 26 Nebr. 449 (1889) ; State v. Burnham, 9 N. H. 34 (1837) ; Frank v. Dessena, 5 N. J. L. Journ. 185 (1882) ; Thorn v. Blanchard, 5 Johns. 508 (N. Y. 1809) ; Van Wyck v. Aspinwall, 17 N. Y. 190 (1858) ; report of a committee of the College of Pharmacy to the Secretary of the United States Treasury, complaining of the conduct of an inspector of drugs; Bradsher v. Cheek, 109 N. Car. 278 (1891) ; Gray v. Pentland, 2 Serg. 6 R. 23 (Pa. 1815) ; Kent v. Bongarts, 15 R. I. 72 (188S) ; Hart v. von Gum- pach, L. R. 4 P. C. 439 (1872), complaint by a Chinese official to Chinese board of conduct of a professor in its employ; or to a committee or officer investigating his conduct, Blakeslee v. Carroll, 64 Conn. 223 (1894) ; Beatson v. Skene, 5 H. & N. 838 (1860) : Communications, petitions and complaints against public school teachers made to school boards, etc., Bodwell v. Os- good, 3 Pick. 379 (Mass. 1825) ; Decker v. Gaylord, 35 Hun 584 (N. Y. 1885) ; Malone v. Carrico, 16 Ky. L. 155 (1894) : Communications as to character of an applicant for office made to persons having power of appointment, Coogler v. Rhodes, 38 Fla. 240 (1902) ; Harris v. H-untington, 2 Tyler 129 (Vt. 1802), or to an officer investigating the character of the applicant, Posnett v. Mar- ble, 62 Vt. 481 (1889), or to a senator, who as such votes upon the confirma- tion of the applicant's nomination, Law v. Scott, 5 Har. & J. 438 (Md. 1822). Such petitions and communications are qualifiedly, not absolutely, privi- leged. Proctor V. Webster, L. R. 16 Q. B. Div. 112 (1885) ; Dickson v. Wil- ton, 1 F. & F. 419 (1859), and cases cited above, but see Larkin v. Noonan, 19 Wis. 82 (1865). In Howard v. Thompson, 21 Wend. 319 (N. Y. 1839), it is held that the action for such a complaint while in form for libel is in sub- stance for malicious prosecution and plaintiff must show both lack of prob- able cause and malice, accord. Cook v. Hill. 3 Sandf. 341 (N. Y. 1849), and compare Woods v. Wiman, 122 N. Y. 445 (1890). COLEMAN V. MAC LENNAN. IO7I article was privileged and the defendants should have been acquitted, although the principal matters contained in the article were untrue in fact and derogatory to the character of the prosecuting witness. * * * Generally, we think, a person may, in good faith, publish what- ever he may honestly believe to be true, and essential to the protec- tion of his own interests or the interests of the person or persons to whom he makes the publication, without committing any public offense, although what he publishes may, in fact, not be true and may be injurious to the character of others. And we further think that every voter is interested in electing to ofBce none but persons of good moral character, and such only as are reasonably qualified to perform the duties of the office. This applies with great force to the election of county attorneys." The plaintiff asks that the decisions of this court quoted aoove be overruled, and that they be supplanted by one which shall express the narrow conception of the law of privilege held by the majority of the courts. The fact that so many courts of this country, all ot high charac- ter, of great learning and ability, and all equally interested in cor- rectly solving the problems of free government, differ from us, makes us pause ; but a reversal of policy and the overturning of what has been so long accepted as settled law would be tantamount, under the circumstances, to legislation. Such a step ought not to be urged upon the court except for conclusive reasons. What are the reasons supporting the majority rule? The decisions most freely quoted since it was rendered, in 1893, and chiefly relied upon by the plaintiff here, is that of the United States circuit court of appeals for the sixth circuit in the case of Post Publishing Company v. Hal- lam, 16 U. S. App. 613, 8 C. C. A. 201, 59 Fed. 530. Counsel in the case had argued from the duty of newspapers to keep the public in- formed concerning, those who are seeking their suffrages and con- fidence, and had asked if it were possible that the privilege allowed in discussing the character of public servants should be less than that which protects defamatory statements made concerning a private servant. The opinion states this argument, and then proceeds as follows : "The existence and extent of privilege in communications is determined by balancing the needs and good of_ society with the right of an individual to enjoy a good reputation when he has done nothing which ought to injure his reputation. The privilege should always cease where the sacrifice of the individual right becomes so great that the public good to be derived from it is outweighed. Where conditional privilege is extended to cover statements of dis- graceful facts to a master concerning a servant, or one applying for service, the privilege covers a bona fide statement on reasonable grounds to the master only, and the injury done to the servant's reputation is with the -master only. This is the extent of the sacri- fice which the rule compels the servant to suffer in what was thouglit to be, when the rule became law, a most important interest of society. But if the privilege is to extend to cases like that at bir. 1072 COLEMAN V. MAC CLENNAN. then a man who offers himself as a candidate must submit uncom- plainingly to the loss of his reputation, not with one person only, or a small class of persons, but with every member of the public whenever an untrue charge of disgraceful conduct is made against him, if only his accuser honestly believes the charge upon reason- able grounds. We think that not only is a sacrifice not required of every one who consents to become a candidate for office, but that to sanction such a doctrine would do the public more harm than good. "We are aware that public officers and candidates for public office are often corrupt when it is impossible to make legal proof thereof, and of course it would be <well if the public could be in- formed in such a case of what lies hidden by concealment and per- jury from judicial investigation. But the danger that worthy and honorable men may be driven from politics and public service by allowing too great latitude in attacks upon their character, out- weighs any benefit that might occasionally accrue to the public from charges of corruption that are true in fact but are incapable of legal proof. The freedom of the press is not in danger from the enforce- ment of the rule we uphold. No one reading the newspaper of the present day can be impressed with the idea that statements of fact concerning public men and charges against them are unduly guarded or restricted, and yet the rule complained of is the law in England." (Page 652.) Here the rule by which privilege is to be measured is correctly stated, as in Wason v. Walter, L. R. 4 Q. B. (Eng.) 73 — the balance of public good against private hurt. The argument of counsel is then answered, and the statement is made that a candidate ought not suffer a loss in reputation with the whole public for the public good. That is the question to be decided, and not a reason why it should be so decided. Then the sole reason for the decision is stated — that honorable and worthy men will be driven from politics. Then the consequences of the decision are commented upon : Free- dom of the press will not be endangered — an assertion, as shown by the manner in which public men are handled by the press at the present time — an appeal to experience for proof. The single reason upon which the Hallam decision is based is also in the nature of a prediction, and is not new. It was advanced in this country in 1808, by Mr. Chief Justice Parsons {Common- wealth V. Clap, 4 Mass. 163),^ and by Chancellor Walworth in 1829, in the case of King v. Root, 4 Wend. (N. Y.) 114. The Hallam case quotes the Supreme Court of Ohio in opposi- tion to the liberal doctrine, as follows : "We do not think the doctrine either sound or wholesome. In our opinion, a person who enters upon a public office, or becomes a can- didate for one, no more surrenders to the public his private charac- ter than he does his private property. Remedy by due course of law, for injury to each, is secured by the same constitutional guaranty. But see Commonwealth v. Wardwell, 136 Mass. 164 (1883). COLEMAN V. MAC LENNAN. IO73 and the one is no less inviolate than the other. To hold otherwise would, in our judgment, drive reputable men from public positions, and fill their place with others having no regard for their reputa- tion, and thus defeat the object of the rule contended for and over- turn the reason upon which it is sought to sustain it." {The Post Publishing Company v. Moloney, 50 Ohio St. yi, 89, 33 N. E. 921.) Manifestly a candidate must surrender to public scrutiny and discussion so much of his private character a.s affects his fitness for office, and the liberal rule requires no more.^ But in measuring the extent of a candidate's profert of character it should always be re- membered that the people have good authority for believing that grapes do not grow on thorns nor figs on thistles. The other argu- ments furnished by the Ohio quotation have already been con- sidered. The Hallam case contains nothing further worthy of note.** ° See accord, Cockburn, C. J., in Seymour v. Butterworth, 3 F. & F. 372 (1862) ; President Robertson in Bruce v. Leisk, 19 Rettie 482 (Scottish Ct. of Sess. 1892); Cooley, Constitutional Limitations, 440; Van Vechten Veeder, Esq., Freedom of Public Discussion, 23 Harv. L. R. 413 (1910), pp. 429-431, compare Commonwealth v. Wardwell, infra. Note 3, and Wood v. Boyle, \77 Pa. St. 620 (1896) ; Broadhent v. Small, 2 Vict. L. R. Law 121 (1876). ^Accord: George v. Goddard, 2 F. & F. 689 (1861) ; Wisdom v. Brown, 1 T. L. R. 412 (1885) ; but see Harwood v. Astley, 1 B. & P. N. R. 47 (1804) ; Bruce v. Leisk, 19 Rettie 482 (Scottish Ct. of Sess. 1892) ; Burke v. Mas- carich, 81 Cal. 302 (1889), semble; Mott v. Dawson, 46 Iowa 533 (1877) ; Bays V. Hunt, 60 Iowa 251 (1882) ; Briggs v. Garrett, 111 Pa. St. 404 (1886) ; Ross V. Ward, 14 S. Dak. 240 (1901), all cases of private communications be- tween voters as to candidates for office are made at meetings to consider the fitness of such candidates; Myers v. Longstaff, 14 S. Dak. 98 (1900) ; Boucher V, Clark Publishing Co., 14 S. Dak. 72 (1900) ; Marks v. Baker, 28 Minn. 162 (1881) ; State v. Ford, 82 Minn. 452 (1901), semble; Express Printing Co. v. Copeland, 64 Tex. 354 (1885), but see Forke v. Homann, 14 Tex. Civ. App. 670 (1896), similar statements published in newspapers. In Sweeney v. Baker, 13 W. Va. 158 (1878), a distinction is drawn between allegations of mental or physical unfitness for the office, which are said to be absolutely privileged and attacks on the candidate's moral character which can only be justified by proof of their truth. In most of the American cases it is held that the statements must not only be published in good faith for the guidance of voters but there must be reasonable grounds to believe them true and statements based on mere gossip or rumor are not privileged, Burke v. Mascarich, 81 Cal. 302 (1889) ; State v. Ford, 82 Minn. 452 (1901), compare Briggs v. Garrett, 111 Pa. St. 404 (1886), contra. Bays v. Hunt, 60 Iowa 251 (1882). Statements made in town meetings by officers thereof or by taxpayers in regard to the conduct of the town affairs are privileged, Bradley v. Heath, 12 Pick. 163 (Mass. 1831) ; Smith v. Higgins, 16 Gray 251 (Mass. 1860) ; Bradford v. Clark, 90 Maine 298 (1897), but see Dodds v. Henry, 9 Mass. 262 (1812).. Contra: Jarman v. Rea, 137 Cal. 339 (1902) ; Dauphiny v. Buhne, 153 Cal. 757 (1908); Jones, Vartium & Co. v. Townsend, 21 Fla. 431 (1885), semble; Rearick v. Wilcox, 81 111. 77 (1876) ; Aldrich v. Press Printing Co., 9 Minn. 133 (1864) ; Bronson v. Bruce, 59 Mich. 467 (1886) ; Wheaton v. Beecher, 66 Mich. 307 (1887), where, however, the plaintiflf was publiclv a candidate for an appointive office, (see Hunt v. Bennett, 19 N. Y. 173 (1859) ; though if the object be to inform the electors, "it must reduce the damages to a minimum," Bailey v. Kalamazoo Pub. Co., 40 Mich, 251 (1879) ; but see Sherwood, J. in Peoples v. Detroit Post, etc., 54 Mich. 457 (1885) ; Smith V. Burrus, 106 Mo. 94 (1891) ; Lewis v. Few, 5 Johns. 1 (N. Y. 1809) ; Upton V. Hume, 24 Ore. 420 (1893). In Coffin v. Brown, 94 Md. 190 (1901). I074 HEM MENS V. HALSTEAD. (c) Communications made for the protection of others. 1. Where a relation exists making it the maker's duty to protect the recipient. HEMMENS V. HALSTEAD. Court of Appeals State of New York, 1893. 138 New York Appeal Rep. 517. Action of slander for statements made by the defendant, who was principal of the Institution for Deaf Mutes at Rome (N. Y.), that the plaintiff, the superintendent of the sewing department whose duty as such was to superintend the making of clothing for the children and instructing a class in sewing, was the author of an obscene anonymous letter received by the defendant's wife. These statements were made to the president of the board of trus- tees, in the course of a consultation with him in regard to the matter. The trial court directed a verdict for the defendant and entered a judgment thereon and denied a motion for a new trial. This ap- peal is taken from the judgment of the general term of the Supreme Court of the 4th Judicial Department affirming the action of the trial court. O'Brien, J. The court held that the defense of privilege, con- tained in the answer, was established and that there was no question for the jury. The General Term has repeatedly reversed judgments in the plaintiff's favor (24 Hun, 395 ; 36 Hun, 149 ; 13 State Rep. 211), and has finally affirmed the judgment entered upon the verdict it was held that a letter to a democratic campaign committee criticizing the republican candidate for governor because of his appointment of the plaintiff, who was accused of election frauds, as election supervisor, was not privileged. Many courts allow a wide latitude in publishing to the public the official misconducts of public officers, O'Rourke v. Lewiston Daily Sun Pub. Co., 89 Maine 310 (1896) ; Evening Post v. Richardson, 113 Ky. 641 (1902) ; Neeb v. Hope, 111 Pa. St. 145 (1885) ; Ferber v. Gazette & Bulletin Pub. Co., 212 Pa. St. 367 (1905), or the misconduct of public affairs if published for the purpose of inducing citizens to use their influence to have the abuse remedied. Palmer v. Concord, 48 N. H. 211 (1868), and see Crane v. Waters, 10 Fed. 619 (1882), where Lowell, C. J. held that the construction and operation of a railroad, though not the value of its se- curities, was of sufficient public interest to warrant the publication of a supposed scheme to wreck it: Contra, People v. Fuller, 238 111. 116 (1909) ; Foster v. Scripps, 39 Mich. 376 (1878); Benton \. State, 59 N. J. L. 551 (1896) ; Banner Publishing Co. v. State, 16 Lea 176 (Tenn. 1885) ; Ham- ilton V. Eno, 81 N. Y. 116 (1880) ; Ullrich v. New York Press Co., 23 Misc. 168 (1898 N. Y.) ; Eviston v. Cramer, 57 Wis. 570 (1883). But statements as to. an official's private character which might be privileged if made while he was a candidate, are not privileged if made after his election. Commonwealth v. Wardwell, 136 Mass. 164 (1883). See on the whole subject, especially the confusion between "privilege" and "fair comment" often noticeable in cases discussing libel on public officers and candidates for office. Van Vechten Veeder, Esq., Freedom of Public Discussion, 23 Harv. L. R. 413 (1910). LEWIS V. CHAPMAN. IO75 directed against her. There can be no doubt that the occasions upon which the defendant is shown to have made the charge were privi- leged, the only question being as to its nature and extent. The defend- ant occupied an important and responsible office under the authority of the state, involving the performance of duties of the most varied and delicate nature, upon the proper discharge of which the efficiency and welfare of the institution largely depended. It was his duty to w^tch and carefully observe the moral conduct, not only of the chil- dren committed to his charge, but even in a greater degree, the teachers, upon whose influence and example so much, for good or evil, depended. It was essential that he should be at liberty to com- municate freely with the governing body as to any matter touching the conduct of either the teachers or the pupils. This he could not do if hampered by fear of penalties that could follow errors of judgment or mistakes, as to who was or was not properly chargeable with improper conduct. If the defendant believed that the plaintifif was the person who sent the letter it was his duty to communicate the fact to the execu- tive committee and the president, all of whom had a corresponding duty with respect to everything that concerned the welfare of the institution, and his statements, under such circumstances, were con- fidential and privileged until the plaintifif removed the privilege by proof, on her part, of actual, or, as it is sometimes called, express malice or malice in fact. (Byam v. Collins, iii N. Y. 143 ; Vander- see V. McGregor, 12 Wend. 545 ; Van Wyck v. Aspinwall, 17 N. Y. 190; Washburn v. Cooke, 3 Den. 120; Hemmens v. Nelson, 36 Hun, 155 ; Moore v. M. N. Bank, supra.y Judgment affirmed. LEWIS AND HERRICK v. CHAPMAN. Court of Appeals of the State of New York, 1857. 16 New York, 369. The judge charged the jury that this postscript was libelous, if false, and that unless they should find the matter contained in it ^Accord: Hume v. Marshall, 42 J. P. 136 (Eng. 1877) ; Scarll v. Dixon, 4 F. & F. 250 (1864) ; Sutton v. Plumridge, 16 L. T. 741 (1867). So a railway owes a duty to communicate the reasons for discharging an employee to other officials of the same line, Bacon v. Mich. Cent. R. Co., 66 Mich. 166 (1887) ; Missouri Pacific R. Co. v. Richmond, 73 Tex. 568 (1889), or to officials of other roads, Missouri Pacific R. Co. v. Richmond, semble; Denver Public Warehouse Co. v. Holloway, 34 Colo. 432 (1905), communication by one official of a corporation to another directing the discharge of an employee; Stace v. Griffith, L. R. 2 P. C. 420 (1869), com- manding officer of a regiment at St. Helena reported to the colonial secre- tary of the island the supposed drunkenness at a mess dinner of the plain- tiff, a master in the government school; Lally v. Emery, S4 Hun 517 (N. Y. 1889), statements defamatory of the plaintiff made to his commanding officer by another officer; Bell v. Parke, 10 Ir. C. L. R. 279 (1860), per Pigot, C. B., consultation with brother officers as to propriety of reporting plaintiff to the commanding officer; Livingston v. Bradford, 115 Mich. 140 (1897), consultation: between cashier and bookkeeper of a bank about the theft of 1076 LEWIS V. CHAPMAN. substantially true they must find for the plaintiff; that, so far as malice was necessary to a right of action in this case, it was properly inferable, from the falsity of the words charged in the complaint, as libelous. The defendant excepted to this portion of the charge, and the jury rendered a verdict for the plaintiff for $750. The Supreme Court, at general term in the seventh district, denied a motion for a new trial, and judgment having been perfected for the plaintiffs, the defendant appealed to this court. Selden, J. The inquiry, then, is whether the circumstances in this case were such as to bring the communication within the class termed privileged. Where both parties, i. e., the party making as well as the party receiving, have an interest in the communication, it has never been doubted that it was privileged. Where, however, the interest is con- fined solely to the party receiving, the authorities are not so decided. But whatever may be the true doctrine on this subject, there is no doubt that where the communication is made bona Ude, in an- swer to inquiries from one having an interest in the information sought, or where the relation between the parties by whom and to whom the communication is made is such as to render it reasonable and proper that the information should be given, it will be regarded as privileged. The precise question here is, whether such a relation existed in this case. In Todd v. Hawkins (8 Carr. & Pa., 88), it was held that a letter written in good faith by the defendant to his mother-in-law, who was about to marry again, warning her of the bad character of her intended husband, was privileged; and a like decision was made in the case of Cockayne v. Hodgkisson, (5 Carr. & Pa., 543), where a tenant of a nobleman had written to inform him of his gamekeeper's neglect of duty. So, too, in this state, in the case of Washburn v. Cooke (3 Denio, no), a communication made by an agent to his principal, in regard to the conduct of a, third person connected with the business of the agency, was held to be privileged. These cases show that all that is necessary to entitle such com- munications to be regarded as privileged is, that the relation of the parties should be such as to afford reasonable ground for suppos- ing an innocent motive for giving the information, and to deprive the act of an appearance of officious intermeddling with the affairs of others. Assuming, then, that the defendant made the communi- cation in perfect good faith, as we must upon this question of privi- lege, is it to be regarded as an act of officiousness, on the part of a banker in the country, intrusted by a mercantile house in New York with the collection of a note, to inform such house of the inability of the maker to meet the note at maturity? It would seem that if the relation of a son-in-law to his mother-in-law, of a tenant to his landlord, and of an ordinary agent to his principal, are sufficient, as bank funds, compare Branstetter v. Dorrough, 81 Ind. 527 (1882), where statements made in consulting friend, as_ to the propriety of letting the plain- tiff know what was being said about him, were held not privileged.
| 34,888 |
https://github.com/usmanov-danil/IRS-2019/blob/master/generators/generator_task_path_three/generator.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
IRS-2019
|
usmanov-danil
|
Python
|
Code
| 410 | 915 |
'''
This code generates the fields for the task "The path in the maze for three robots without verifying the optimality".
source.xml - template with walls and regions.
localization_generator.py - python script for generate fields with input .txt files.
Via consloe input, enter the number of tests to generating.
If you have any qestions write me via:
telegram: @usmanov_d
email: usmanovdanilr@gmail.com
'''
import random
MAX_CELL = 7 #The maximum number of cells in width and height. In this case it is 7
MAX_DIR = 3 #The maximum number of directions. In this case it is 3
NUM_CELLS = 64 #The number of cells in the maze
NUM_ROBOTS = 3 #The number of robots
n = int(input("Enter number of fields: ")) #The number of fields
block = {"60","11","41","62","13","43","64","15","35","46","66","17"} #Blocked cells
used = set() #Set of generated start cells
data = open('source.xml').read() #The source file with regions and walls
if n > (NUM_CELLS - len(block)): #Excecption
print("The number of tests is bigger than number of free cells!")
print("The number of tests will be equal to " + str(NUM_CELLS - len(block)) + "!")
n = (NUM_CELLS - len(block))
for i in range(n):
xmlFile = open('task3_' + str(i) + '.xml', 'w') #Create .xml file
txtFile = open('task3_' + str(i) + '.txt', 'w') #Create .txt file
used = set() #Set of generated cells
test = ""
for _ in range(NUM_ROBOTS): #Generate starts and finishes for all 3 robots
startX = random.randint(0, MAX_CELL)
startY = random.randint(0, MAX_CELL)
while(True): #Check this cell on validality
if str(startX * 10 + startY) in block or str(startX * 10 + startY) in used: #If this cell is blocked or is generated yet
startX = random.randint(0, MAX_CELL)
startY = random.randint(0, MAX_CELL)
else:
break
used.add(str(startX * 10 + startY)) #Add new valid cell in used set
finishX = random.randint(0, MAX_CELL)
finishY = random.randint(0, MAX_CELL)
while (True): #Check this cell on validality
if str(finishX * 10 + finishY) in block or str(finishX * 10 + finishY) in used: #If this cell is blocked or is generated yet
finishX = random.randint(0, MAX_CELL)
finishY = random.randint(0, MAX_CELL)
else:
break
used.add(str(finishX * 10 + finishY)) #Add new valid cell in used set
direction = random.randint(0, MAX_DIR) #Get random direction
text = str(startX) + " " + str(startY) + " " + str(direction) + " " + str(finishX) + " " + str(finishY) + "\n" #Create an input
#Write the input in a .txt file
xmlFile.write(code)
txtFile.write(text)
xmlFile.close()
txtFile.close()
print("test" + str(i) + " success")
print("all success")
| 2,928 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64432957
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Andrenacci
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 23 | 62 |
Andrenacci
page d'homonymie de Wikimédia
Andrenacci nature de l’élément page d'homonymie de Wikimédia
Andrenacci
Wikimedia disambiguation page
Andrenacci instance of Wikimedia disambiguation page
| 24,899 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternaria%20poonensis
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Alternaria poonensis
|
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alternaria poonensis&action=history
|
Cebuano
|
Spoken
| 77 | 174 |
Kaliwatan sa uhong ang Alternaria poonensis. sakop sa ka-ulo nga Ascomycota, ug Una ning gihulagway ni Ragunath ni adtong 1963. Ang Alternaria poonensis sakop sa kahenera nga Alternaria, ug kabanay nga Pleosporaceae.
Kini nga matang hayop na sabwag sa:
State of Mahārāshtra
State of Rājasthān
Zimbabwe
Maurisyo
Walay nalista nga matang nga sama niini.
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Abungawg-uhong
Abungawg-uhong sa State of Mahārāshtra
Abungawg-uhong sa State of Rājasthān
Abungawg-uhong sa Zimbabwe
Abungawg-uhong sa Maurisyo
Alternaria
| 39,221 |
https://github.com/LoseYourself/big-data-plugin-8.0/blob/master/kettle-plugins/common/namedClusterBridge/src/main/java/org/pentaho/big/data/plugins/common/ui/named/cluster/bridge/NamedClusterBridgeImpl.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0, LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference
| 2,018 |
big-data-plugin-8.0
|
LoseYourself
|
Java
|
Code
| 998 | 3,278 |
/*******************************************************************************
*
* Pentaho Big Data
*
* Copyright (C) 2002-2017 by Hitachi Vantara : http://www.pentaho.com
*
*******************************************************************************
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
******************************************************************************/
package org.pentaho.big.data.plugins.common.ui.named.cluster.bridge;
import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import org.pentaho.big.data.api.cluster.NamedCluster;
import org.pentaho.di.core.exception.KettleValueException;
import org.pentaho.di.core.namedcluster.NamedClusterManager;
import org.pentaho.di.core.row.RowMetaInterface;
import org.pentaho.di.core.variables.VariableSpace;
import org.pentaho.metastore.api.IMetaStore;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by bryan on 8/17/15.
*/
public class NamedClusterBridgeImpl implements NamedCluster {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger( NamedClusterBridgeImpl.class );
private final org.pentaho.di.core.namedcluster.model.NamedCluster delegate;
private final NamedClusterManager namedClusterManager;
public NamedClusterBridgeImpl( org.pentaho.di.core.namedcluster.model.NamedCluster delegate ) {
this( delegate, NamedClusterManager.getInstance() );
}
@VisibleForTesting
NamedClusterBridgeImpl( org.pentaho.di.core.namedcluster.model.NamedCluster delegate, NamedClusterManager namedClusterManager ) {
this.delegate = delegate;
this.namedClusterManager = namedClusterManager;
}
public static org.pentaho.di.core.namedcluster.model.NamedCluster fromOsgiNamedCluster( NamedCluster namedCluster ) {
if ( namedCluster == null ) {
return null;
}
org.pentaho.di.core.namedcluster.model.NamedCluster result =
new org.pentaho.di.core.namedcluster.model.NamedCluster();
new NamedClusterBridgeImpl( result ).replaceMeta( namedCluster );
return result;
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return delegate.getName();
}
@Override
public void setName( String name ) {
delegate.setName( name );
}
@Override
public void replaceMeta( NamedCluster nc ) {
delegate.setName( nc.getName() );
delegate.setShimIdentifier( nc.getShimIdentifier() );
delegate.setHdfsHost( nc.getHdfsHost() );
delegate.setHdfsPort( nc.getHdfsPort() );
delegate.setHdfsUsername( nc.getHdfsUsername() );
delegate.setHdfsPassword( nc.getHdfsPassword() );
delegate.setJobTrackerHost( nc.getJobTrackerHost() );
delegate.setJobTrackerPort( nc.getJobTrackerPort() );
delegate.setZooKeeperHost( nc.getZooKeeperHost() );
delegate.setZooKeeperPort( nc.getZooKeeperPort() );
delegate.setOozieUrl( nc.getOozieUrl() );
delegate.setStorageScheme( nc.getStorageScheme() );
delegate.setLastModifiedDate( System.currentTimeMillis() );
delegate.setGatewayUrl( nc.getGatewayUrl() );
delegate.setGatewayUsername( nc.getGatewayUsername() );
delegate.setGatewayPassword( nc.getGatewayPassword() );
delegate.setUseGateway( nc.isUseGateway() );
delegate.setKafkaBootstrapServers( nc.getKafkaBootstrapServers() );
}
public String getStorageScheme() {
return delegate.getStorageScheme();
}
public void setStorageScheme( String storageScheme ) {
delegate.setStorageScheme( storageScheme );
}
@Override
public String getHdfsHost() {
return delegate.getHdfsHost();
}
@Override
public void setHdfsHost( String hdfsHost ) {
delegate.setHdfsHost( hdfsHost );
}
@Override
public String getHdfsPort() {
return delegate.getHdfsPort();
}
@Override
public void setHdfsPort( String hdfsPort ) {
delegate.setHdfsPort( hdfsPort );
}
@Override
public String getHdfsUsername() {
return delegate.getHdfsUsername();
}
@Override
public void setHdfsUsername( String hdfsUsername ) {
delegate.setHdfsUsername( hdfsUsername );
}
@Override
public String getHdfsPassword() {
return delegate.getHdfsPassword();
}
@Override
public void setHdfsPassword( String hdfsPassword ) {
delegate.setHdfsPassword( hdfsPassword );
}
@Override
public String getJobTrackerHost() {
return delegate.getJobTrackerHost();
}
@Override
public void setJobTrackerHost( String jobTrackerHost ) {
delegate.setJobTrackerHost( jobTrackerHost );
}
@Override
public String getJobTrackerPort() {
return delegate.getJobTrackerPort();
}
@Override
public void setJobTrackerPort( String jobTrackerPort ) {
delegate.setJobTrackerPort( jobTrackerPort );
}
@Override
public String getZooKeeperHost() {
return delegate.getZooKeeperHost();
}
@Override
public void setZooKeeperHost( String zooKeeperHost ) {
delegate.setZooKeeperHost( zooKeeperHost );
}
@Override
public String getZooKeeperPort() {
return delegate.getZooKeeperPort();
}
@Override
public void setZooKeeperPort( String zooKeeperPort ) {
delegate.setZooKeeperPort( zooKeeperPort );
}
@Override
public String getOozieUrl() {
return delegate.getOozieUrl();
}
@Override
public void setOozieUrl( String oozieUrl ) {
delegate.setOozieUrl( oozieUrl );
}
@Override
public long getLastModifiedDate() {
return delegate.getLastModifiedDate();
}
@Override
public void setLastModifiedDate( long lastModifiedDate ) {
delegate.setLastModifiedDate( lastModifiedDate );
}
@Override
public boolean isMapr() {
return delegate.isMapr();
}
@Override
public void setMapr( boolean mapr ) {
delegate.setMapr( mapr );
}
@Override
public String getShimIdentifier() {
return delegate.getShimIdentifier();
}
@Override
public void setShimIdentifier( String shimIdentifier ) {
delegate.setShimIdentifier( shimIdentifier );
}
@Override
public NamedCluster clone() {
return new NamedClusterBridgeImpl( delegate.clone() );
}
@Override
public String processURLsubstitution( String incomingURL, IMetaStore metastore, VariableSpace variableSpace ) {
if ( isUseGateway() ) {
if ( incomingURL.startsWith( "hc" ) ) {
return incomingURL;
}
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder( "hc://" );
builder.append( getName() );
builder.append( incomingURL.startsWith( "/" ) ? incomingURL : "/" + incomingURL );
return builder.toString();
} else if ( isMapr() ) {
String url = namedClusterManager.processURLsubstitution( getName(), incomingURL, org.pentaho.di.core.namedcluster.model.NamedCluster.MAPRFS_SCHEME, metastore, variableSpace );
if ( url != null && !url.startsWith( org.pentaho.di.core.namedcluster.model.NamedCluster.MAPRFS_SCHEME ) ) {
url = org.pentaho.di.core.namedcluster.model.NamedCluster.MAPRFS_SCHEME + "://" + url;
}
return url;
} else {
return namedClusterManager.processURLsubstitution( getName(), incomingURL, org.pentaho.di.core.namedcluster.model.NamedCluster.HDFS_SCHEME, metastore, variableSpace );
}
}
@Override
public void initializeVariablesFrom( VariableSpace variableSpace ) {
delegate.initializeVariablesFrom( variableSpace );
}
@Override
public void copyVariablesFrom( VariableSpace variableSpace ) {
delegate.copyVariablesFrom( variableSpace );
}
@Override
public void shareVariablesWith( VariableSpace variableSpace ) {
delegate.shareVariablesWith( variableSpace );
}
@Override
public VariableSpace getParentVariableSpace() {
return delegate.getParentVariableSpace();
}
@Override
public void setParentVariableSpace( VariableSpace variableSpace ) {
delegate.setParentVariableSpace( variableSpace );
}
@Override
public void setVariable( String s, String s1 ) {
delegate.setVariable( s, s1 );
}
@Override
public String getVariable( String s, String s1 ) {
return delegate.getVariable( s, s1 );
}
@Override
public String getVariable( String s ) {
return delegate.getVariable( s );
}
@Override
public boolean getBooleanValueOfVariable( String s, boolean b ) {
return delegate.getBooleanValueOfVariable( s, b );
}
@Override
public String[] listVariables() {
return delegate.listVariables();
}
@Override
public String environmentSubstitute( String s ) {
return delegate.environmentSubstitute( s );
}
@Override
public String[] environmentSubstitute( String[] strings ) {
return delegate.environmentSubstitute( strings );
}
@Override
public void injectVariables( Map<String, String> map ) {
delegate.injectVariables( map );
}
@Override
public String fieldSubstitute( String s, RowMetaInterface rowMetaInterface, Object[] objects )
throws KettleValueException {
return delegate.fieldSubstitute( s, rowMetaInterface, objects );
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return delegate.toString();
}
@Override
public String toXmlForEmbed( String rootTag ) {
return delegate.toXmlForEmbed( rootTag );
}
@Override
public NamedCluster fromXmlForEmbed( Node node ) {
return new NamedClusterBridgeImpl( delegate.fromXmlForEmbed( node ) );
}
@Override
public String getGatewayUrl() {
return delegate.getGatewayUrl();
}
@Override
public void setGatewayUrl( String gatewayUrl ) {
delegate.setGatewayUrl( gatewayUrl );
}
@Override
public String getGatewayUsername() {
return delegate.getGatewayUsername();
}
@Override
public void setGatewayUsername( String gatewayUsername ) {
delegate.setGatewayUsername( gatewayUsername );
}
@Override
public String getGatewayPassword() {
return delegate.getGatewayPassword();
}
@Override
public void setGatewayPassword( String gatewayPassword ) {
delegate.setGatewayPassword( gatewayPassword );
}
@Override
public void setUseGateway( boolean selection ) {
delegate.setUseGateway( selection );
}
@Override
public boolean isUseGateway() {
return delegate.isUseGateway();
}
@Override
public String getKafkaBootstrapServers() {
return delegate.getKafkaBootstrapServers();
}
@Override
public void setKafkaBootstrapServers( String kafkaBootstrapServers ) {
delegate.setKafkaBootstrapServers( kafkaBootstrapServers );
}
}
| 4,214 |
https://github.com/linyintao2010/filscan/blob/master/middleware/device.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0, MIT
| 2,021 |
filscan
|
linyintao2010
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 51 | 253 |
export default function ({ isServer, req, redirect, route }) {
let isMobile = (ua) => {
return !!ua.match(/AppleWebKit.*Mobile.*/)
}
let userAgent = req ? req.headers['user-agent'] : navigator.userAgent || ''
// 若终端为pc但路径包含/mobile/ 或者/mobiled的 重定向到pc
if((route.fullPath.indexOf('/mobile')>-1||route.fullPath.indexOf('/mobile/')>-1)&&!isMobile(userAgent)){
let url = route.fullPath.substring(2)
redirect(url)
}
// 若终端为mobile 但路径中不包含/mobile/ 或者/mobile的 重定向到mobile
if((route.fullPath.indexOf('/mobile')<0||route.fullPath.indexOf('/mobile/')<0)&&isMobile(userAgent)){
redirect('/mobile' + route.fullPath)
}
}
| 6,691 |
johnhorsleydown00browgoog_8
|
English-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,860 |
John Horsleydown; Or, The Confessions of a Thief
|
Thomas Littleton Holt , Hablot Knight Browne
|
English
|
Spoken
| 6,943 | 9,267 |
It happened, however, that while we were in the forecastle, the cook, who was in some comer, had escaped notice ; so, as soon as we quitted the vessers side, he came out of his hiding-place and released the crew. But fortunately this was so difi&cult to effect, and took so much time, that hefore the alarm could he given we were on shore. Once there, no clue was left behind. The boat could not be identified, there were so many in the harbour all alike. Some of the boxes were strewed on the beach, opened, and their contents cleared out ; but these could tell ho tales. Unluckily, however. Jack Custang, whose son was at college at Sydney, attending to his education, took a fancy to pay him a visit, and give him some of the money. As Jack's son was going into the Church, Jack thought he had better drink all he could before he started, as he could not disgrace his boy at College by smoking and drinking there, especially as the lad was a great favourite with the Bishop. That was the ruin of the lot. I never knew a Bishop put his finger into any pie but what he spoilt it. I can't think what Bishops are for, for my part. They are to look after the clergy, but the clergy won't be interfered with ; so all the Bishop does is to say, ** Be quiet," and enjoy himself. I wish I had been articled to a Bishop myself in my young days ; I might have been an Archbishop surely by this time, >Yith my money, and my brains, and temper. p 210 THB GOLD SHIP PIRACY. Some one of tbe crew was drinking at the last grog- house that Jack visited before going off to the schooner that was to convey him to Sydney, and in a drunken fit Jack quarrelled with the sailor about some bounce he told respecting his own valour on the occasion, as if anything any man said ever mattered at all. Jack contradicted the fellow flatly. ** Perhaps you were there ?" said the sailor. " To be sure I was," replied Jack ; ** and you are a liar, I know ; " and off Jack went But the sailor told a policeman, and the policeman boarded the schooner and found Jack fast asleep, and searched his carpet bag, and saw some gold-dust there, and got a clue to the whole party, myself excepted. Bill Morgan was hanged ; three others transported for life, which is worse than death ; and five more were tried for piracy, and got off with a few years in irons. The tenth man was never heard of, although the high sheriff at the time used every exertion to secure him. They did say he was concealed all the while in the High Sheriff's house; but every one knew that the HonouraHe John Horsleydown, who filled that office at the time, was much too acute for such a circumstance to happen. He behaved with great humanity to the prisoners, and was sedulous in endeavouring to elicit from them a confession as to the accomplices, and where they had placed the proceeds of the robbery ; for it was found impossible to lay hands on more than dSTOOO of it. THE GOLD SHIP PIRACY. 211 All his efforts were in vain, though. The Nelson sailed without her gold freight ; and long hefore the return advices reached the Melbourne governor, the three men transported to Norfolk Island had made their way- out, murdering, en route, two turnkeys and a trained schoolmaster ; while the five fellows *in irons had con- ducted themselves so well as to receive new tickets of leave, with which they were despatched to a pleasant farm in the interior belonging to the High Sheriff. 21-2 CHAPTER XXXVII. THE BALLABAT BANK ROBBERY. ** To arms ! ye brave." The next thing to getting the gold when shipped was to " grab " it when deposited in a bank, preparatory to being despatched by escort. This opportunity arose one October night at Ballarat, where it came to my knowledge that a great value of gold, in dust and nuggets, would be deposited, waiting the coming down of the police escort. Taking with me three of the same gang as had assisted me in the clearance of the Nelson, I ensconced them snugly and quietly in a thicket at the back of the bank, until the time agreed upon for the robbery had arrived. I then walked into the bank myself, as if to transact some business, and, while there, stepped towards the outside door and opened it, as if to look out at the weather. No sooner as this done than •* Coo-ee ! " was heard, and my three THE BALLARAT BANK ROBBERY. 218 accomplices stepped forth from the thicket, ran up to {he door, pushed past me, and entered the hank, their faces covered with crape, and a pistol in each hand. These weapons I had taken care should he specially charged with paper only, lest the men, in their im- petuosity, might fall into mischief. They seized and gagged the clerk, and myself also; and two of them proceeded to rifle the hank, while one stood sentry at the door — I, of course, 'watching fair play. The eager- ness of the rogues was amusing as they tied up the gold and notes in their pocket handkerchiefs ; and so large was the haul that it was extremely difficult to stow it away. The money carried away was officially gazetted in the colonial Hue and Cry as £14,300 sterling, and 200 ounces of gold-dust — a rare day's work. Our next feat was the crowning exploit of my Australian efforts. One fine Septemher morning, Mr. Warner, Escort Superintendent, started with his troop, consisting of a sergeant and three mounted men, from the M*Ivor Diggings. They had in their charge 2230 ounces of gold (value, £4 15s. an ounce), and ahout J8700 in cash, packed up in tin boxes. Each trooper was armed with a sword, carbine, and pistol, the superintendent and the sergeant earring a six-barrelled revolver in addition. The tin boxes were placed in a cart, the driver of which was unarmed ; and it was always an understood thing between gold robbers and the carter — as used to be the case in England, in th^ 214 THE BALLARAT BANK ROBBERY. good old days, between highwaymen and postilions— that they should never be fired at. This was an impor- tant point, because in most cases, had the driver galloped his horses off in the first confusion of an attack, the thieves would have had little besides the fighting for their pains, and fighting is by no means a thief's business. Seven miles from the M'lvor Diggings, and three miles from a station known as the MiJVli (the native word for a hut), where the escort first stops to rest the horses, they noticed a log or fallen tree lying across the road (which is only a wheel track, like a roadway across an English common or a green lane), and near it a ruined hut, or mi-mi, constructed of boughs and branches. There was nothing unusual in this, so the party continued its march, little expecting what was in store for them. I was lying in the hut, and could see the superintendent and sergeant riding up some yards in advance, steadily looking out, from habit, on both sides as they came up. The other three were close beside the cart, and quite unconscious of their coming fate. I have often thought of that scene since. It was something so strange to know what was going to happen, and to see these men coming so surely into the trap — possessed, apparently, of their full power of will, yet utterly ignorant that while they seemed to have it all their own way, they were only walking along a line we had chalked out for them — a line that led *^em to their doom. I have heard some sermons THE BALLARAT BANK ROBBBRY. 215 about what is called predestination, in my time, and often wonder whether One who knows all, sees all, and foredooms all, as we are told, can blame the poor creatures who only do what he knows they must do, what he sees them doing, and what he has previously settled and ordained that they shall do. I have puzzled over this thought very often, but every chaplain I have hitherto asked to explain it to me has only taken me by the hand to lead me further into the fog.. Well, Mr. Warner rode up close, and a fine-looking fellow he was. When within five or six yards of the Mi-Mi they were suddenly and fiercely assailed by a volley of eight or ten shots- Up jumped the horses, kicking and plunging, for they were wounded. Away went Superintendent Warner and Sergeant Keen slap into the bush as flEist as their runaway steeds could carry them. Our fellows, to the number of eight or nine, rushed at the cart, and had a sharp tussle vdth the troopers, who, however, were soon dragged from their horses, and stretched on the ground wounded. Our men hurried to the cart ; but at this moment the thundering of a horse's gallop was heard, and Warner came back full tear, having wheeled round as soon as he could pull up his horse. That was an undaunted fellow ; for, in spite of the odds against him, he rode up close and fired three shots from his revolver, none daring to approach, as their pieces were not yet re- loaded. Luckily, in his flurry, he hit no one, and, S16 THE BALLARAT BANK ROBBERY. thus disarmed for a time, was compelled to sheer off out of range, and watch the proceedings as a spectator merely — a course which I also followed, lying quiet in the mi-mi, as having no desire to be recognised by Mr. Warner in a position he might consider somewhat equivocal. Meantime, half a dozen of our men proceeded to unload the "cart — an operation which they performed in a cool and business-like manner, removing the boxes of treasure, as they took them out of the vehicle, into an adjoining dense and strong scrub. Warner saw this, and seized the opportunity to despatch the sergeant — ^himself unwounded, though his horse had three bullets in its neck — to a government station at Mi-Mi, three miles off, requesting help; then the stalwart superintendent actually followed the six thieves who had made off with the gold. In this he was more bold than wise, for hardly had he reached the skirts of the dense scrub I have mentioned than two or three shots were aimed at him. He returned the fire with another discharge of three shots from his revolver, and then, wisely regarding discretion as the better part of valour, rode off after the sergeant, whose horse, being wounded, might, he feared, drop down exhausted on the road. Beaching the encampment in safety, he called to- gether the troopers, and summoned the posse comitatus, in the shape of a number of diggers, whom he called upon to "aid and assist " in the Queen's name. The THE BALLARAT BANK BOBBERY. 217 diggers received arms and horses, and following the natural inclination of mankind, set off with alacrity to hunt their brother men. Away started the reinforce- ment in pursuit of the bushrangers. But the latter declined to receive their visit in such great force, so that when they arrived they found only their wounded men, who had been carefully lifted into the earthy a kind stranger (myself), who was standing by them. I informed the excited multitude that, being out that way, looking after some lost cattle, and, hearing pistol shots, I had drawn towards the place, where I found all the men wounded and stretched on the ground. I had assisted them into the cart, and was now ready to lead them after the audacious thieves. I thought Warner looked somewhat askance at me ; but he dared not say anything, for I was then in high position and universal esteem, although I could see he thought I was directing them the wrong way. The wounded were, sent off, and the country scoured for miles round. All that was found was a double-bar- relled gun, some pumpkins, and some flour in the hut. In the scrub they came up with four hack horses, but not the gold. This is what I had advised should be done, as they served capitally to mislead. Nothing was found out of this robbery. All the escort party were wounded except the superintendent and the sergeant, as was every horse belonging to them, and even one of those that drew the cart ; but this was accidental. As soon as the news spread, all the diggers in the vicinitv 218 THE BALLARAT BANS ROBBERY. turned out, and there were vigorous huntings up, and some cruel executions of old bushrangers, but my party escaped ; and satisfied with the proceeds of this little escapade, and not exactly pleased with Mr. Wamer*s re- port on the subject, I made up my mind to leave Aus- tralia at the earliest opportunity. 219 CHAPTER XXXVIII. I START FOB HOME TBIXTMFHANT. " Regardless of the sweeping whirlwind's sway, That, hashed in grim repose, expects its evening prey." At last came the long-wished-for news of a change of ministry in England ; and with it also, to my intense relief, tidings of the death of the liCte Home Secretary. I applied for penmssion to go home, and received it by the return mail. To dispose of my property, and re-invest in bills of exchange on London, was no very difficult task, nor very unprofitable. The only point was the finding a market for the immense amount of goods of which I was the holder, as a large capitalist. The system of trade in Australia was then, as now, a very remarkable one, being founded, for the most part, on an ingenious system of robbery, by which the great houses at home were successively victimised to a tremendous extent. Goods were consigned to us, principally, as far as I could see, for the purpose of drawing on the bills of lading. These, on arrival, were ii'^0 I STABT FOB HOMB TRIUMPHANT. sold for what they would fetch, we always, ou our side, taking care to purchase them among ourselves at our own settled prices ; having a private ** knocker in " of our own afterwards, against the London and Liver- pool consignors, according to the fashion of the brokers at furniture sales in London. Hence, on the arrival of a cargo, we could glut the market against it, and command the prices to suit ourselves. I suppose it answered their purpose in England, for they kept on sending us goods. My banking expe- rience gave me an insight into the meaning of this ; and I set it down as a readier means of discounting on the other side, the losses abroad being, in fact, so much per cent, paid for the use of the ready money at home. The amount of business carried on in this way is some- thing wonderful to the uninitiated, and herein lies the secret of those occasional Panics which occur every now and then, lilie thunder-storms, to clear the commercial atmosphere. It is all thievery from beginning to end ; but the loss is divided infinitesimally, the hard-working classes being those who bear the loss in the end. Sixpence a week oflf wages brings everything to the level again, and the ship once righted, all sail is set once more, and the voyage recommences at a spanking rate. However, I got well out of it, all things considered, and looked out for a ship to convey u^ home — myself, my wife, and our four children. We found one in the Eoyal Martha^ a noble three-masted screw clipper, with I START FOR HOME TRIUMPHANT. 221 three poop cabins, and a deck that measured, from the inner part of the main stem to the fore part of the stern-post aloft, 306 feet, and 40 feet in breadth, the depth in her hold being, at midships, 26 feet. She was a noble vessel. Her captain was Mr. Thomas Taylor, as fine a seaman as ever stepped. She carried a precious cargo of wool, sheepskins, and gold, and had on board, including my own family, 376 passengers and 112 crew. We left Melbourne on the- 26th of August, and have every reason to be satisfied with our ship, in which I am now closing these ** Confessions," though she has some drawbacks and peculiarities that make us occasionally uneasy. At sea, with a good breeze on her quarter, which is evidently her best sailing point, she is the finest sailer I ever saw. We passed everything we came up with. I have known her to sail eighteen knots an hour (equal to twenty miles), and yet go steadily through the water ; indeed, her masts and spars, though rather heavy to look at, were so nicely balanced and proportioned, that for half an hour she would almost steer herself, under sail, without the helm being touched; but in very rough weather, with a head wind, she laboured very much, and shipped a great deal of water, which made her a very un- comfortable ship for passengers, especially the third class. I have seen the water knee-deep between decks, and in sloppy, wet weather the main deck always leaks, which I suppose to be from the working and straining of the ship. Sometimes, too, she will vibrato 2^2 I STAET FOB HOME TRIUMPfiANT. from bow to stem like a fishing-rod ; and when pressed forward by much sail, I fancy I can hear the rivets (for she is an iron-built ship) rattle in her side^plates. Once I was nearly washed overboard by a huge wave, which broke upon the deck with a heavy "thud" of many tons of water. A young fellow, a first-class passenger, saved me by jumping right into the water, and seizing me as I was being washed into the lee scuppers. I took very much to this young man after- wards, and by degrees we became so intimate that he told me his story. 223 CHAPTER XXXIX. THE GOOD FORTUNE OF BAD LUCK. ** Jndge not a man by the oost of his clothing, Unheeding the life-path that he may pnrsne, Or oft yon 'U admire a heart that needs loathing, And fail to give honour where honour is due. The palm may be hard, and the fingers stiff-jointed, The coat may be tattered, the cheek worn with tears, But greater than kings are Labour's anointed, And you can't judge a man by the coat he wears." Poems by John Bedfobd Leno. "I WAS not always a tailor, nor a publican; you know I have been a convict, but I never was a forger ; and I was always an innocent, honest man (why do you laugh?), and once I was a clerk. Ah! it \ms hard working and poor living was my business. I was clerk in a Detective OflBce. My master was a sharp, keen fellow — a piercer and a skinner. He could not be an attorney himself, from some early rascality of his own, immaturely discovered. So he kept a poor cripple of . an attorney in a garret upstairs, and fleeced people 22<1 THE GOOD FORTUNE OF BAD LUCK. in his name. Oh ! a mre sharp chap was my master, Loftus Wiggles. Like the man, who because he kept a monkey, thought he ought also to have a hull-dog, Loftus Wiggles kept a detective, as well as an attorney ; and old Pepper, whom the police now hegan to look after themselves, played lion occasionally to Wiggles's jackal, and vice versa. Together they set up a * Com- mercial Agency ' in a by-court near the Minories ; but commercial men would not have Wiggles, and could not stomach Pepper, so that dodge failed. Then Wiggles discounted, and his monkey attorney sued ; but Pepper spent the money, and even the suing amounted to little more than shearing the pigs ; for the miserable debtors squeaked so, and were such very poor wretches, that the three — Wiggles, Pepper, and Shorn — could not get half a living out of them. I am afraid Pepper would have had to find himself out, and Shorn have locked up Wiggles, and gone through the Insolvent Court himself, if it had not been for a lucky crim. con. that set Pepper on the look-out for a rich old fool, and exhibited his genius for swearing through a keyhole. Things began to look better. Wiggles started a cheque-book, opened a Detective Office, and hired a clerk. That was me. ** What a wretched life I had of penury and starvation ! A cat in a church could scarcely be as lean. I was running about from morning to night, and watching through the evening at corners of streets for some person or another. And the poor women, too ! Wiggles THE GOOD FORTUNE OF BAD LUCK, 225 Wiggles was great in running them to earth in their little peccadilloes, and working nods and winks into crim-cons. These chaps always ran the women hard, because thej could never turn round and bite^— the men sometimes did. The fair sex — poor things !— used to flutter about, and finally fall into our snares like bewildered pheasants bush-netted with lamps at flight. Sometimes we made the situations for them — that is, master and Pepper did — and it was funny, indeed, to see the people come together, and be caught together, that had never been together before, perhaps did not know each other, did not come to meetf each other, but were made to happen to be in the same room by some clever contrivance of ours ; and there was Pepper to swear he saw them together, and Shorn to swear he saw them go into some suspicious place, separate, and come out together. Ah ! there were some piteous scenes then, and more than one tragedy that I could tell you of, resulting out of our manufac- turing crim. cons. Not that it was always so. no ! not at all. Sometimes the parties on both sides made it all right with one another, and each gave the other evidence. I have known the Honourable Jack Ruff receive a cheque for a couple of hundred from Mr. Gregory Limpback's solicitor, to enable him to slip over from Boulogne and bolt back with Mrs. Limpback. But this is not the story I have got to tell you. '* One day, being very tired after office hours, I had turned into the parlour of a quiet public-house, the Q 2*26 THE GOOD FORTimE OF BAD XUCS. Crown, in Museum Street, and it being the mackerel season, and that a £sh I was very partial to, I ordexod one boiled for my dinner, and told the waiter to bring me a pint of bitter beer--tan unusual luxury ; but some gent, whose discharge I had carried to Fastmau's lock- up, in Cursed Street, had given me half-a-crown finr my trouble, and with that I had determined t© enjoy myself, and reflect oyer a quiet pipe in what way I might extricate mysdf from my present ^unsavoury employment, and at an^rate earn sufficient *to ^make three full meals in the week, besides keeping « decent coat on my back. " Pondering on these things, I took veiy little nfiitwe. of a fast-<l(»king young gentieman who came into "thd room with a cigar in his mouth, and without proffering an apology or excuse for the rudeness, continued to smoke, althou^ he could see, fnomtthe preparations on the table, that my 'dinner was just eomii^ up. At kosKt entered the waiter with my mackerel-— « fine tfisb, nobly boiled, with paisley and butter, and some mem poMoes, smoking hot, and larded with fresh buttOT. It was -a feast for an mnperor ! I drew my diair to ^he table, «nd began to help myself. Suddenly the young fellow seized my arm,— just as I was about to t5ut the fisji in half. " * Good gracious, sir,' «aid he, in a tone of loud remonstrance, 'what barbarism is this? Cut a mackerel across ! Permit ine, sir,— one moment.' '' So saying, he took the knife and fork from v^ Tfli: GOOD FORTUNE OF BAD XUCK. ^27 i!!^luctant giasp, and split the fish dexterously from hsuA to tail, dividing it into two pieces. ** * There, sir,' said he ; * that is the way to separate a mackerel. By your clumsy .method -you were about to Jose the true flavour of the fish.* ** * Ton my word, sir,' said I, 'you are Tery obliging'; tout don't you think I might l)e left to eat my dinner after my own iad^on ? ' " * Quite right, sir,' replied the fast young man, very glibly, * quite right ; but those who know are bound to impart their knowledge. I am rather an eccentric fellow, as you see. Now don't, — pray don't ' (seeing I was Just applying the jug of bitter beer :to my lips) ; *you spoil the fish— lose all taste— don't, 'pray don't ! ' *' Here he gotso warm at my perskting, tkat he placed bis luyid on the jug, and on my turning my head on one side vdth some haste and anger at such flagrant impertinence, the beer was upset between us, and flowed all over the dish containing the mackerel, mixing with the paj»ley and butter, and totally spoiling my expected treat. *'I jumped up furious with wrat^, and, I am ashamed to say, I struck at him. ** He parried the blow ; and then, with a pacifying gesture, endeavoured to ftppease tne with a profusion of apologies, and every sign of real regret at having occasioned sne such an annoyance. At lai^ I began to be mollified, and he ordered in a pint of sherry, of which I was persuaded to partake, at his expense.. 2Q8 THE GOOD FORTUNE OP BAD LUCK. " I called in the waiter, and was about to pay for the dinner I had not eaten, and go away, not having enough to pay for another, when the stranger's eye caught mine ; and, with a good-natured smile, he said, — " * Ah ! I see how it is; but you shall not be the loser. Here, sir, is a five-pound note ; pay for the dinner and what I have had, out of it, and do me the favour to come and dine with me at my chambers in Lyon's Inn : my dinner is just ready, and I was on my way home when an accidental circumstance brought me in to thig house.* "I did not refuse, as you may suppose ; and after finishing the sherry and smoking a cigar together, during which interval I found the young stranger quite a gentleman in mind and language, though rather gay and eccentric in his mode of dealing with some subjects, I paid the bill, handed him over his change, out of which he gave the wctiter half-a-crown, and we started off. " If you know much of London, you will remember that we had to pass Moses' great shop at the comer of New Oxford Street, on our way to Lyon's Inn, coming out of Museum Street. At this window my young friend made a dead halt, and glancing first at the handsome suits in the window, and then at my poor seedy surtout, said, — ** * Well, my dear sir, if you would not be afi'ronted, I can't help observing that my people will stare at you when we go in. Now, would you mind— pray don't be THE GOOD FORTUNE OF BAD LUCK. 2'^9 offended at what I say — stepping in and buying another coat for yourself? or perhaps you know some other tailor you would prefer ? I mean, of course, at my expense.* ** To be brief, I humoured his little petty vanity so far as to accompany him to my own tailor, or rather an acquaintance to whom I wished to give the turn, whose shop was just near the comer of Long Acre. Here I bought a coat for thirty shillings — it was a paletot— ' and gave the stranger change for the five-pound note he so generously gave me. But it happened as I had more than expected. No sooner was I fitted with a coat than the contrast between that shining new garb and my brown old hat became perfectly ludicrous. The stranger surveyed me from top to toe. " * Pardon me, my dear sir,' he said, * but I am more pained than you can suppose : what hitherto was only a joke is now becoming serious. I can perceive honesty, and respectability, and decent pride struggling against small means- I would not have offended you, as I un- intentionally did, for worlds. Permit me to make the amende honorable by presenting you with a new hat.' **I tried to disclaim this new gift, but his good nature and politeness got the best of the friendly contest, and I stepped into the next shop, which was a hatter's, while he waited outside. This made a hole of sixteen shillings in another five-pound note; and when, on our reaching the Strand, he wished me to buy some gloves and a handkerchief, I positively refused 230 THE GOOD FOaTTJITB OF BAD LUCK. untily. taking out of his pocket a roll of notes, he showed me that money with him was no object, asstcr- ing me that he had just that day received a large legacy from the lawyer under his uncle's will, and was afejout to set out on his travels the next morning. I yielded again, and smartened myself up with a silk necktie, ft cambric pocket-handkerchief^ brtown kid gloves, and a new shirt, receiving only thi?ee pounds ten out of the^ last note for five pounds. " What passed at the stranger's chambers at Lyon's^- Inii'— 'handsome rooms, plainly furnished, but with grand attendance, a sumptuous dinner, and a profusion of fine wines — I can scarcely recount We drank, we toasted, we grew jolly and sang, and finally sallied out to *beat the rounds,' as my young patron expressfed it. I paid for everything that night, and treated every one,, being liberally supplied with money by the stranger,, who, whenever I showed signs of hesitation, pushed another * fiver,' as he called it, into my hand, and laughed at my anxiety to give him back the change. The last I remember was an oyster-shop, a cafe, and » saloon in the Haymarket. On the next morning i found myself fast asleep in the first-class waiting-room of the South Western Railway, where it appears I had arrived, very noisy, in a cab at seven o'clock, to take leave of my friend on his departure for Southampton* by the first train, en route for the West Indies, by th& packet that started instantly on the arrival of the train* " I was late at Wiggles's that morning, and received Tios^ ao<m voRnxmm o£ bad i^ob. ^1 aj^nnng^ rebuke, bat was too sleepy and exhausted to care mueh for it; I had a mesisage to convey to Camden Town, about twelve o'clock, and as I was returning to the office from delivering' it, about half-past one, having contrived to drop in at home and snap a bit of dinner with my dear old mother, I was met, rather to my surprise, just at the top of Burton Crescent, by Pepper himself. ** * G-lad to see youi Master Deverell,' said he— an unusual condescension on his part. " * Thanking you, sir,' I replied^ * I am going back to the office £ts fast as I can.' / ** * But you can't go,' said he. "*Why?' asked I, supposing^ he was about to change' my road by despatching me on a different errand. " * BHCA'afiE I WAKT YOU B^R PORGBEV,' WaS his answer. " EDe spok© in* a very low voice, but very distinctly. Every word fell cm my heart like the knell of doom. Well aware what a scoundrel he was, and with whom connected, ]} felt that some net was woven around me, innocent as L was, from which it was hopeless to attempt escape. I knew I had- not done anything that could anyhow be perverted into wrong or crime. Pepper had said ha must arrest me for forgery, and I knew the man too well not to know all was over with me in this life. **The first effect w^n me, L well remember, was jtQ2 THB GOOD FORTUNE OP BAD LUCK. similar to that of a musket-ball or pistol-shot in a man's heart — a strong spasmodic action of the great vital muscle. I leaped up in the air, then turned round, and though I did not quite fall, came staggering to the ground, and tottered against Pepper's shoulder. " * Come, my lad,' said he, * you are but a young 'un yet ; but you did it cleverly, I must say. Wiggles said he never thought you had so much in you, and Shorn even now won't believe it. You must have made a good swag out of the one night's work.* " * What do you mean? ' asked I. " * Oh! if that 's your little game,' retorted Pepper, *I suppose you '11 keep it all to yourself; so I had better take you before the beak at once.' ** * What am I arrested for, Mr. Pepper ? and where 's your warrant ? ' " * Now, don't come that dodge, Mr. Deverell, with «ae,* said Pepper, looking quite affronted, and more than half puzzled ; * you are the man that 's wanted, so come along. You don't want these ? ' pointing to a pair of handcuffs. " * If you attempt to handcuff me I will crack your skull, Mr. Pepper,' I replied, for I was getting savage. * Tell me what I am arrested for, and I will submit quietly.* " * Nothing more nor less than passing forged five- pound notes. You must have made a good swag last night. We have four cases against you already, besides others that will turn up by the time I get back to the THE GOOD FORTUNE OF BAD LUCK. 233 office. I should advise you to put your defence in Shorn's hands, and we will do the best for you after- wards, as it will be of no use, denying the facts now; the evidence is too strong,' ** * In the name of heaven, what do you mean by all this, Mr. Pepper? I have done nothing.' " * Of course you have not, my boy. I don't want you to say otherwise to me, you know; but you had better tell the truth to Wiggles, and he may push you through.* " * I have got nothing to tell. Of what am I ac- cused?* " ' Well, as you must soon know, I may as well tell you. The charge I shall take you on is for forging Bank-of-England notes ; but you will only be tried for uttering, as far as I can see at present. Last night you put off a lot of forged notes, and four of them are already in my hands.* " The truth flashed upon me in a moment. My gay, eccentric friend had made use of me to utter these notes. ^* * It must be a mistake,* I said ; * I can account for them all.* " * So much the better,' replied Pepper; *but I give you warning now, that all you tell me will be used against you.' " I found I had done Pepper and Wiggles injustice. It was not a planned thing by them. An ordinary villain had deceived me, as many had been deceived ^4 THE GOOD FaaTUnB OF BAD LUCK. before^ I insisted on telling Pepper all ; bat he only' shook hift head. " * Had I got any money ? ' " * Not five shillings.' " * Then; you are a flat, indeed; if that is trtie.' '* To be brief, I vms taken to the police office, where I was charged with forgery, and told my stoiy, *^ They discredited, it, but sent: to Lyon'a Inn, where they found saoh. a person as I described had taken furnished chambers, but that his time had expired, on due nodoe, and he had located his rooms the previous night. There was no clue to him. No such person* had boarded the West India< packet, and a paxty^ such as L described had. got out at Basingstoke, where all. trace of him was losti ** The evidence was too strong and ciroum^antial to^ be resisted. I was sent to prison, tried, and, it- being- proved on the trial that I had on that ni^t got rid of ten five-pound note»and three twenties, on all of which I had written my own name and address (the only peint that told in my favour, and might have done me some good if I could have afforded a fee for counsel to enforce it), I was convicted and sentenced to transportation. *' I must do Wi^lea and Pepper the justice to say they stood my friends to the last; both gave me an excellent character, and Pepper used his interest to. get me a few favours from the prison authorities* The advice he gave me, on parting to go to the jail, I striotly- fbUowed. THS GOQD^ FOETUIES OF BAB BUCK. S3& "*^ Always go to prayers; my boy, sing as loud as* you caa r never swear; never grumble; don't complain ; don't tell tales ; talk as little as you can ; read anything you can get ;: be always wanting to see ^e ebs^lain ; cough as much as you can before the surgeon; be always civil ; take no notice of the governor (who has too many such^cquaintances) ; write to your mother, and say you are thankful and grateful, and look upon prison as a short way to religion and righteousness ; and you will ultimately be all right, besides being as com- fortable as possible for the present. If you are innocent, stick to it ; if not, hold your t<mgue and mak& the best of everything. Don't trust any fellow-prisoner, and thank your stars you didn't liv© twenty years ago, when you would have been hanged out o£ hand.' " I followed this advice; and profited by it. In two years I was transported, with * an excellent chairacter' from my last place ; ' i^ the l^iarei I obtained a ticket of leave in Australia, and wast put to a good master; in the fourth I got a free ticket, and set up in busings for myself as a tailor, or rather a vendor of ready-made clothes ; for my friend in Long A^jre, who^ had appeared at first against me, and w£»' the original cause of my detection and apprehaision by Pepper, became convinced of my innocence, and forwarded over to me a consignment of clothes for sale. Among theses was a bundle of the identioal paletots that proved my ruin. • Out of evil comes good,' liiought I to myself. * K% you have ruined me, you shall make me.' So, re- *236 THE GOOD FORTUNE OP BAD LUCK. membering the great Regent Street dodge, I christened these coats the *Deverell Paletot/ and they went off like wildfire. One day an elderly gentleman came into my shop to buy one — it was almost the last — and I had just written off for five' hundred more to be shipped immediately. As he looked at it, I observed him gazing upon myself with a scrutinising eye, as if to take my measure in place of the coat. " * You call these little coats a queer name, governor,* said he. " * I call them after myself, sir — my own invention, sir — the prettiest thing, sir, out of England — the Deverell paletot ! * " * Then your name is Deverell, is it ? ' ** * Certainly, sir — Martin Deverell.' " * Indeed ! ' said he. * Well, it 's of no consequence, I suppose, what you call a coat, if it fit.* " ' Try it on, sir ; the paletot is unfailing in adapting itself to every figure.' *•* the figure!*, said he, abruptly and em- phatically. * I am not to be gammoned by such nonsense. Coats are to cover backs, not figures. No, I shall not itry it on, (seeing me advance forward); *but do you bring it to me yourself down to the Bristol Mail aiter you have shut up your shop, and ask for me, Mr.
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Sequential decision problems in non-stationary environments. Machine Learning [cs.LG]. Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. English. ⟨NNT : 2022UPSLE014⟩. ⟨tel-04433203⟩
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T 1 − γ? s H T e d1/2 T 3/4. card(H) log(card(H)) = O H
To conclude we notice that when BT ≤ d−1/2 T 1/4, d1/2 T 3/4 = d2/3 T 2/3 (max(BT, d−1/2 T 1/4 ))1/3. On the contrary, when BT ≥ d−1/2 T 1/4, d1/2 T 3/4 ≤ d2/3 T 2/3 (max(BT, d−1/2 T 1/4 ))1/3. Finally, keeping the highest order term yields the announced result.
Appendix 6.E Experimental Setup
This section is dedicated at providing useful details about the illustrative experiments presented in Section 6.6. The logistic setting at hand is characterized by the constants S = L = 1. At each round, the environment randomly draws 10 news arms, presented to the agent. All algorithms use the same `2 regularization parameter λ = 1. The sequence θt? evolves as follows: we let θt? = (0, 1) for t ∈ [1, T /3]. Between t = T /3 and t = 2T /3 we smoothly rotate θt? from (0, 1) to (1, 0). Finally we let θt? = (0, 1) for t ∈ [2T /3, T ]. Easy computations show that the Chapter 6. Generalized Linear Bandits under Parameter Drift 225 total variation budget is 3π BT = (2T /3) sin 4T'1.5. We used the optimal value of γ recommended by the asymptotic analysis for D-LinUCB and BVD-GLM-UCB. We solve the projection step of GLM-UCB and BVD-GLM-UCB by (constrained) gradient-based methods, thanks to the SLSQP solver of scipy. Remark 6.8. In our experiments, we did not report the performance of the algorithms from [Russac et al., 2020, Russac et al., 2021a] that are using a projection step similar to the one used in [Filippi et al., 2010]). Because such algorithms are based on discrete switches of the reward signal, their behavior in this slowly-varying environment is largely sub-optimal. Indeed, in our experiment the number of abrupt-changes is ΓT = 1000. For exponentially weighted algorithms, the recommended asymptotic value for the weights becomes γ'0.70, which in turns leads to algorithms that over-estimate the non-stationary nature of the problem, and perform poorly in practice.
Setup 7 | Conclusion
In this thesis two different settings have been considered. In Chapter 2, we addressed a new pure exploration task. Its objective was to identify all the arms that are better than a control arm in the presence of subpopulations. We were able to quantify the complexity of the learning objective depending on the level of interaction of the learner with the different subpopulations. The remaining chapters are devoted to the problem of reward maximization in non-stationary bandit models, with an increasing level of generality throughout the thesis. In Chapter 3, we considered the multi-armed bandit model, whereas Chapter 4 focused on the linear bandit model and Chapters 5 and 6 dealt with generalized linear models. In all of those settings, we proposed to combine forgetting mechanisms (through discount factors or with a sliding window) with subsampling (Chapter 3) or upper-confidence bound based techniques (Chapters 4, 5 and 6). In the simpler multi-armed bandit model, we were able to obtain an asymptotically optimal algorithm in abruptly changing environments using a sliding window with the SW-LB-SDA algorithm (Chapter 3). Even when non-stationarity is measured through the variation budget, we have empirical evidence that the algorithm works well. An interesting future direction would be to extend the analysis to those more general non-stationary environments. In the linear bandit model, we proposed D-LinUCB, an algorithm based on a weighted least squares estimator. With an additional assumption on the action sets, we established the asymptotic optimality of D-LinUCB. Yet, for general action sets, the upper-bound we obtained is larger than existing lower bounds that apply to specific instances of this setting. It is not clear if forgetting strategies are fundamentally suboptimal for general action sets or if this setting is fundamentally harder, which should be confirmed with a proper lower bound. In the generalized linear model with abruptly changing environments, we obtained an asymptotically optimal (with respect to T and ΓT ) algorithm when adding an assumption on the gaps. With a new concentration inequality, we reduced the dependency in cμ, a problemdependent constant coming from the non-linearity of the model. Nevertheless, the analysis of the algorithms we designed suggests that the more non-linear the model, the harder the learning. [Abeille et al., 2021] recently came up with a new analysis with a different conclusion. They proposed an algorithm, termed OFU-GLB, where the effect of the non-linearity is a second order term for the regret and is tied to a transitory regime. For large time horizons, the effect of the non-linearity impacts the regret only through the reward sensitivity around the optimal action? μ(A>? θ ). Interestingly, this suggests that some non-linear problems are much easier than their linear counterparts. These findings can be used in abruptly changing environments as proposed in [Faury, 2021, Chapter 4]. Understanding how to adapt these ideas to more general drifting environments is an interesting direction for future work. For generalized linear bandits in drifting environments, we proposed a first complete analysis and uncovered mistakes made in several existing works. The nature of the difference between the 227 228 1/4 3/4 )) and those of the generalized linear e regret bounds from the linear bandit (of order O(B T T 1/5 4/5 )) in drifting environments is unsettled. We postulate that e bandit models (of order O(B T T this is an artefact of the proof and that an improved analysis should yield the same rates. Finally, all the algorithms that we have proposed for the regret minimization setting require some information about the non-stationarity of the environment. Obtaining optimal algorithms without this knowledge is still a domain under investigation [Chen et al., 2019, Auer et al., 2019, Wei and Luo, 2021]. However, doing without this knowledge about the non-stationarity comes at a cost: for the moment, these algorithms can not be implemented easily. None of the previously mentioned papers provide simulation to assess the empirical performance of the algorithms they propose. The ultimate goal for non-stationary bandits would be to simultaneously satisfy the three following requirements: (1) reaching optimality, (2) being agnostic to the non-stationarity of the environment and (3) being tractable in practice.
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La version classique du modèle de bandit suppose que les distributions de probabilité des récompenses sont indépendantes et identiquement distribuées. Pour autant, cette hypothèse est restrictive dans de nombreux cas, puisqu’elle ne permet pas de prendre en compte d’éventuels changements de comportements. Dans le domaine médical, l’efficacité d’un traitement peut diminuer au cours du temps. Pour un site internet d’information en temps réel, le taux de consultation d’une page diminue à raison de sa date d’ancienneté. Les tendances de mode et les préférences des consommateurs évoluent rapidement. Un algorithme de recommendation ignorant ces formes de non-stationarité est alors susceptible de faire des suggestions sous-optimales. Ainsi, l’objet de cette thèse est l’étude des algorithmes de bandits stochastiques dans des environnements non-stationnaires. La non-stationarité peut être incorporée de plusieurs manières dans les modèles de bandits. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions une variante du problème d’identification du meilleur bras. Cette variante correspond à un système d’apprentissage qui cherche à identifier l’ensemble des options qui sont meilleures qu’un bras de contrôle, et ce en présence de sous-populations. Entre autres, l’utilisation de sous-populations permet la modélisation de l’évolution temporelle des différents bras. Nous proposons ensuite des algorithmes avec des garanties théorique fortes pour la minimisation du regret et étudions le compromis exploration-exploitation pour de tels environnements. Nos recherches portent sur trois modèles différents: le bandit classique multi-bras, le bandit linéaire ou encore le bandit linéaire généralisé. Nous examinons les spécificités de chacun de ces trois modèles, ainsi que les défis techniques liés à la non-stationarité.
MOTS CLÉS
Apprentissage séquentiel, algorithmes de bandits, environnements non stationnaires, minimisation du regret. ABSTRACT
The vanilla bandit model assumes that the rewards are independent and identically distributed. However, this assumption is restrictive: it prevents from modeling evolving behaviors that are common in real-world applications. In the medical domain, the efficiency of a treatment is likely to diminish over time. The opening rate of news articles fades for aging news. Fashion trends and consumers preferences evolve rapidly. Any recommender system ignoring the non-stationarity of the distributions of rewards is likely to make suboptimal choices. The objective of this thesis is the study of stochastic bandit algorithms in non-stationary environments. There are several ways to include non-stationarity into bandit models. We first study a variant of the best arm identification problem where the learner seeks to identify the set of arms that are better than a control arm in the presence of subpopulations. Those subpopulations can encode a temporal information (e.g. day of the week) and properly using them makes it possible to include non-stationarity in the pure exploration setting. We characterize the complexity of this learning task and propose optimal algorithms for solving it. We then propose theoretically grounded algorithms for minimizing the regret and discuss the exploration-exploitation trade-off the learner is facing in dynamically changing environments. Our findings concern three different settings: the well-known multi-armed bandit, the more general linear bandit but also generalized linear bandit. For each of those settings, we identify the technical challenges brought by non-stationarity.
KEYWORDS Sequential learning, bandit algorithms, non-stationary environments, regret minimization.
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Zinaida Petrovna Ziberova beschrieben in International Encyclopedia of Women Composers
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Zinaida Petrovna Ziberova
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Zinaida Petrovna Ziberova lieu de naissance Darmstadt
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Зинаида Петровна Зиберова
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Bezugs »Preis in der Hauplexpedition oder den im Stadt bezirk und den Borortrn errichteten Aus gabestellen abgeholt: vierteljährlich 4.50, — zweimaliger täglicher Zustellung in- Haus >tl 5.50. Durch die Post bezogen für Deutschland u. Oesterreich vierteljährlich S, für die übrigen Länder lautZettungSpreiSliste. Nedaction und Lrpedition: Johanni-gasse 8. Fernsprecher 1K3 und LLS. FMalrvpedMmrr« r Alfred Hahn, Buchhaudlg^ UuiversitLtSstr.3, L. Lösche, Kat Harineustr. 14, ». Künigspl. 7, Haupt-Filiale Dresden: Strrhleuerstraß« S. Fernsprecher Amt I Nr. 171S. Haupt-Filiale Serlin: KSniggrätzerstraße 11«. Fernsprecher Amt VI Nr. 3393. Morgen-Ausgabe. MpMr TaMatt Anzeiger. Amtsblatt des Königlichen Land- «nd Amtsgerichtes Leipzig, des Mathes und Nolizei-Ämtes der Ltadt Leipzig. Anzeigen «Preis die 6gespaltene Petitzeile LS H. Reklamen unter de«Redaction-strich (4 gespalten) 75 vor den Famtliennach- richten («gespalten) 50 Tabellarischer und Ziffernsatz entsprechend Häher. — Gebühren für Nachweisungen und Ossertrnauuahme 2» H (excl. Porto). Srtra-Beilagen (gefalzt), nur mit der Morgen-AuSgabe, ohne Postbefördernug 60.—, mit PostbefSrderuug 70.—. Ilnnahmeschluß für Anzeigen: Abead-LuSgabe: vormittags 10 Uhr. Morgea-AuSgaLer NachurittagS 4 Uhr. Anzeige» sind stets au die Expedition zu richten. Die Expedition ist Wochentags ununterbrochen geöffnet von srüh 8 bi- Abends 7 Uhr. Druck und Verlag von E. Polz in Leipzig. 96. Jahrgang. Dienstag den 2. September 1902. Nr. 445. ZUM Zedantage. Als vor zwei Jahren überzart empfindende Seelen den Vorschlag machten, den Sedantag nicht zu begehen, weil damals deutsche und französische Truppen in China neben einander kämpften, folgten zwar Manche, die diesen Wunsch für einen Wink von oben hielten, der Anregung, der großen Mehrheit des Volkes aber war der Gedanke durch aus nicht smnpathisch. Die Abneigung gegen den Vorschlag, den Sodantag als nationalen Feststtag schlechthin zu streichen, entspricht einem gesunden politischen In stinkte. Gerade in diesem Jahre wird es uns fühlbar, wie werthvoll der Scdantag für uns ist. Der leidige Streit um die Zollfrage hat die Kluft zwischen den Parteien und den Ständen noch erweitert. Dazu kommt, das; gerade in der letzten Zeit eine ganze Reihe von Verdrießlichkeiten unser innerpolitisches Leben verbittert hat. Da erscheint es dann gewiß wünschcnswcrth, daß an einem nationalen Gedenktage fcstgehalten wird, der die kleinen und die großen Verdrießlichkeiten der Politik vergessen läßt und alle Deutschen umschließt, mögen sie nun einen 7 Mark-Zoll oder einen 5 Mark- oder einen 3 Mark- Zoll für wünschenswerth halten. Derartiger gemeinsamer nationaler Festtage haben wir nicht viele, außer dem Sedantage nur noch die Geburtstage des Kaisers und der Landesherren der Einzelstaatcn. Da sollte man sich denn doppelt besinnen, diesen Tag auszuschalten. Die Feier des Scdantagcs aber gilt noch einem anderen Zwecke. Gerade in der letzten Zeit haben sich in Frank reich die Revancheredcn gehäuft und man sah dabei hohe geistliche Würdenträger in anmuthigcm Vereine mit Generalen und activen Ministern. Warum gerade in dieser Zeit die Revanche-Idee wieder lebhafter betont worden ist, wird am besten klar, wenn man daran denkt, daß in der Zeit von der Beendigung des Drcyfus-Prvcesscs bis zum Abgänge Waldcck-Rvnsseau's das Rcvauchcgcschrei sich viel seltener hatte Horen lassen. Damals war eben eine Zeit vergleichsweise;: innerer Beruhigung cinge- treten; heute herrscht wegen der kirchenpolitischcn Streitig keiten der Geist der Unruhe und Verwirrung. Man sicht also, daß der Gedanke der Ablenkung nach außen in Zeiten inncrpolitischer Stürme den französischen Poli tikern heute noch ebenso, man mochte sagen, instinktiv inne wohnt, wie vor mehr als 30 Jahren den Bcratheru Napo- lcon's III., die, um aus den inneren Wirren herauszu kommen, den Krieg von 1870 und damit den Scdantag heraufbeschworen. So lange aber noch diese Neigung, Deutschland ge wissermaßen als Blitzableiter anzusehen, in Frankreich besteht, kann es nur heilsam wirken, wenn die Franzosen an der Begehung des Scdantagcs in ganz Deutschland merken, daß der Blitz in Lindau ebenso einschlagcn würde, wie in Memel. Für uns Deutsche selbst aber ist es nicht minder ersprießlich, wenn wir an einem solchen Tage darüber beruhigt werden, daß das particularistischc Gezänk, daS gerade in jüngster Zeit sich in so unerfreulicher Weise wieder hat hören lassen, die Grundvcstcn der deut schen Einigkeit nicht erschüttern kann. Das soll das Sedanfest sein: das Fest deutscher Einig keit. Es soll nicht sein und ist nicht ein Fest der Verhöhnung des damals besiegten Gegners. Davon kann schon darum keine Rede sein, weil Thaten, wie die Vertheidigung von Bazeille durch die französische Marine-Infanterie und wie der große Nciterangriff Gallifet's, Heldenthaten ersten Ranges waren, und weil der Deutsche viel zu gerecht ist, diese Thatsachc nicht anzucrkennen. Hat also das Fest nichts für die Franzosen Beleidigendes, so braucht auch keine zarte Rücksichtnahme auf Frankreich seine Feier zu verhindern oder auch nur zu beeinträchtigen. Das Eartcll und seine Gegner in der „Nationlcheijung". Von Herrn Rechtsanwalt vr. Züphel geht unS die folgende Zuschrift zu: Unter der oben genannten Ueberschrift hat Ihr hoch geschütztes Blatt in den Nummern 432 und 434 vom 26. und 27. August einen Artikel gebracht, von dem es heißt, er stamme von einer Seite, die der Leitung der national liberalen Partei im Königreich Sachsen nahe stehe. Ter Artikel wendet sich gegen eine Zuschrift, die, unter dem Titel „Der Nationalliberalismus in Sachsen" von der „Nationalzcitung" in deren Nummer 497 vom 23. August 1902 ausgenommen, verschiedene Einwendungen gegen die Cartellpolitik des nationallibcralen Landcsvereins erhebt. Der Gewährsmann Ihres hochgeschätzten Blattes nennt meinen Namen, schildert meine Haltung zu dem Cartctlantrage des Vorstandes und deren Erfolg bei der letzten Hauptversammlung des Landcsvereins, jedoch in unzutreffender Weise und nimmt in wenig erfreulicher Art auf meine Stellung als Vorsitzender des Junguational- liberalen Vereins Leipzig Bezug, so daß ich mich ge zwungen sehe, mich zu diesem Artikel zu äußern. Der Cartellantrag wurde in der letzten Hauptver sammlung von dem Berichterstatter mit einer umfänglichen Begründung empfohlen, in der die Neigung, das Eartcll grundsätzlich für alle Wahlkreise SachscnS anzuprciscn, den Mangel an politischen Erwägungen in meinen Augen nicht aus gleichen konnte. Der gleiche Hang, der auch in dem Artikel Ihres Blattes vorherrscht und der eine unerfreu liche Beigabe der Cartellpolitik zu sein scheint, der Hang, politische Zweifel, wenn solche überhaupt auftauchen, durch Zahlen und Statistik anszulöscu, veranlaßte mich zu der Mahnung, doch vor Allem in jedem einzelnen Falle die veralteten Zahlen des angeblichen Besitzstandes nach zuprüfen. Mir schien ferner die Frage keineswegs so leicht zu beantworten, ob denn nicht durch das Cartcll dieser oder jeuer Wähler, der nach reiflicher Prüfung sich für eine Partei entschieden hat —und solcher Wähler giebt es Dank der vorzüglichen Schulbildung in Sachsen gewiß mehr als anderswo —, ob nicht gerade solch ein Wähler unserer Sache entfremdet werde. Man braucht nur zu er wägen, wie umfassend die nationalliberalc Partei ist, und mau wird ohne Mühe erkennen, daß das Cartcll mit irgend einer entschiedenen Interessengruppe — und das sind die anderen Ordnungsparteieu alle — der Partei so mid so viele treue Anhänger kostet. Tenn es ist gewiß, daß zwei Gruppen verschiedener Parteirichtungen von je tausend Mann, die man nm Einen Candidaten vereinigen möchte, nicht zweitausend Wähler geben. Die Politk hat hier auch ihr Hexen-Einmaleins. Wenn 1887 zuletzt die Verwirklichung dcV Cartcllgedankcns die schönsten Früchte brachte, so darf nicht übersehen werden, daß der Erfolg unter ganz außergewöhnlichen Umständen erzielt wurde. Es ist aber doch immer mißlich, Ergeb nisse, die die äußerste Noth gezeitigt hat, vom Alltagsleben zu erhoffen, in dem der begeisterte Schwung fehlt, doppelt mißlich, wenn man den einigenden Gedanken von ldd7 mit der Jntcresseuzersplittcrnng bei der nächsten Wahl ver gleicht. Daß das Cartcll, wenn man cs abschließen will, hier in Tnchsen nur mit den rechts stehenden Parteien der Conscrvativen und Reformer cingegangen werden kann, gebe ich gern zu. Doch lohnt es sich gewiß der Mühe, ehe man den Schritt thut, recht reiflich zu erwägen, ob die großen Opfer an höheren politischen Gütern emem Erfolge geweiht werden, der dessen würdig und der auch sicher genug ist. In ähnlichen Gcdankengängen wie die hier zu Grunde liegenden bewegten sich damals meine Ausführungen. Wenn nun Ihr Gewährsmann die Abstimmung zu dem Cartcllantrage, bei der einzig ich gegen den Antrag ge stimmt habe, zum Anlaß für die Behauptung nimmt ich sei ein Ossicier ohne Soldaten gewesen, so fällt der Vor wurf, den er dem Correspondenten der „Nativnalzeitung" wegen lückenhafter Wiedergabe der Vorgänge macht, auf ihn zurück. Da er, wie ich annehmen darf, der Ver sammlung beigewohnt hat, so kann ihm nicht entgangen sein, das; während meiner Ausführungen und nachträglich mir von vielen Seiten Uebereinstimmung mit meiner Haltung ausgedrückt worden ist, und zwar geschah dies nicht nur aus der Versammlung heraus, sondern, wie ich noch ergänzend bemerken möchte, später von angesehenen und geachteten Parteifreunden, die den Bericht gelesen hatten. Auch lehrt ein Blick ins Protokoll, daß zwei der Herren, die vor mir sprachen, keine unbedingten An hänger deS Cartclls genannt werden dürfen und daß ein dritter Herr, der bisherige Generalsekretär, doch recht ge wichtige Zweifel gegenüber dem Cartcll anregtc. Daß diese Herren nicht gegen den Antrag stimmten, kann seinen Grund in der Fassung gehabt haben, die in ihrer be dingten Form auch den Ausführungen der zweifelnden Parteifreunde Rechnung trug. Von dieser schonenden Berücksichtigung abweichender Anschauungen, die dem Vorstände bei dieser Gelegenheit zur Zierde gereichte, läßt aber nun die Ab handlung Ihres Gewährsmannes Alles vermissen. Ich kenne den Ccrrcspondenicn der „Nationalzcitung" nicht und bin auch nicht in der Lage, allen seinen Aus führungen zuzustimmen, aber was er sagt, hätte gewiß eine sachliche Widerlegung gefordert ohne die persön lichen Anspielungen auf seinen Ehrgeiz, von sich reden zu machen, auf seinen Has; gegen die eigene Parteileitung, der ihm alle Besinnung ranbe, auf Mangel an Selbst zucht und politischer Schulung. Man möchte fast daran zweifeln, das; diese persönlichen Ausfälle von einer der Parteileitung nahestehenden Seite kommen, denn es wäre beklagcnswerth, wenn unser Vorstand einer derartigen Ausdruckswcise bedürfte, um seine Entschließungen zu rechtfertigen. iJch kenne die Herren des Vorstandes per sönlich und schäßc sic hoch und darf auS dieser Kenntnis; versichern, daß, wenn der Einsender des Artikels auch der Parteileitung nahe stehen mag, er doch des vornehmen Geistes, der dort waltet, keinen Hauch verspürt haben kann.) Mir ist keine Kundgebung unseres Vercinsvor- standes bekannt, die in so eigenmächtiger Weise den anders denkenden Parteifreund von den Stühlen der Partei hin- wcgweist, wenn er sich in dem Mittel, seine Beschwerden vvrzubringcn, vergreifen sollte. Das zeichnet den Vor stand des Landcsvereins in hohem Maße aus, daß er bis heute im Interesse der Partei stets sich zu der Anschauung bekannt hat, die auf tiefer Erfassung unseres politischen Bekenntnisses beruht: In meines Vaters Hcnrse sind mancherlei Wohnungen. Es darf aber weiter zu Ehren des Vorstandes angenonnncn werden, daß er in dem Artikel Ihres Gewährsmannes nicht eine erschöpfende Wiedergabe seiner Erwägungen erblickt. Wohl sind manche von den angeführten Gründen beachtenswcrth und auch sehr gewichtig, andererseits fehlt jede politische Erwägung, die auch das besondere Interesse der Partei ins Auge faßte, gänzlich und jede tiefer gehende Er örterung, ob das Cartcll mich einem höheren politischen Ziele zuftthre, vermißt man leider ebenfalls. Darum bleibt der Artikel ziemlich unfruchtbar. Durch solche übertrieben einseitige Betrachtung, wenn sie obendrein mit persönlichen Anwürfen verbunden ist, kann meinem Empfinden nach der Sache nicht gedient sein. Deutsches Reich. H: Berlin, 1. September. In der Beurthcilung der wirthschaftl i ch en Zukunft unserer Colonien findet man Freisinnige und Social- d e mokrat e n, wie auf so vielen anderen Gebieten, stets einmüthig und von dem Drange beseelt, die Luge und die Aussichten der colonialen Unternehmungen tu den schwär zesten Farben zu malen und so in den Augen der Wähler massen sich als Vollbringer der bekannten „rettenden That" Yinzustellen. Nebenher geht natürlich die Absicht, unter den breiten Schichten der Bevölkerung das Vertrauen zu den Organen der Ltaatsregierung immer mehr zu er schüttern und die Unzufriedenheit über den Gang und den Aufwand der deutschen Colonialpolitik zu schüren und zu schärfen. Daß durch solche Taktik der Entstellung die Aus gabe der leitenden Beamten des Reiches außerordentlich erschwer: wird, liegt auf der Hand: glücklicherweise fehlt cs aber auch unter den angeblich auf das freisinnige und das socialdemokratische Programm eingcschworcncn Staats bürgern nicht an urtheilsfühigen und einsichtigen Ele menten, die für die Zweckmäßigkeit und Nothwcndigkeit der Colonien ein offenes Auge besitzen und ans der That- sache, daß trotz der systematischen Warnungen und Ver hetzungen von colonialseindlicher Seite die Entwickelung unserer ausländischen Besitzungen eine in anbetracht Ver kürzen Zeitspanne ihrer Zugehörigkeit zum deutschen Reiche durchaus erfreuliche und befriedigende gewesen ist, die Ueberzeugung herlciten, daß diese Territorien lebens fähig und aussichtsvvll sind. Im Anslandc — und man braucht dabei nicht einmal auf den Colonialstaat par exesllonco, auf England, zu verweisen — im Anslandc wird die Colonialfrage von c rem durchaus sachlichen Standpuncte aus behandelt: dort sind alle Parteien über einstimmend der Meinung, das; coloniale Unternehmungen mit Rücksicht auf die nationale Sicherheit und Wohlfahrt eines Landes, das im internationalen Wettbewerb lcbens- unü leistungsfähig bleiben und seiner Bevölkerung eine angemessene Lebenshaltung sichern will, unbedingt noth- wcndig sind, nnd das; cS daher Pflicht der Parteien ist, dieser Nvthwcndigkcit gegenüber nicht nur den Partei hader und die Svnderintcrcssen verstummen zu lassen, sondern vielmehr danach zu streben, daß der coloniale Ge danke unter der Bevölkerung des Mutterlandes Wurzel -chlägt uud in den weitesten Kreisen Verständnis; und praktische Vcrwcrtlmng findet. Frankreich z. B. ist sicherlich ein Land, das in Folge seiner finanziellen Schwie rigkeiten alle Ursache hätte, augenblicklich die Durch führung seiner Colonialausgaben zurückzustellen,- das ist aber keineswegs der Fall, vielmehr treten gerade jetzt wieder die französischen Blätter lebhaft für die Forderung der colonialen Unternehmungen im französischen Sudan ein und betonen, durchdrungen von der Wichtigkeit regel mäßiger und schneller Verkchrsgelegcnheiten, das; der Bau einer Eisenbahn unter allen Umständen erfolgen müsse. Gewiß ist es fraglich, ob die hohen Erwartungen, welche die französische Presse betreffs der conrmerzicllen Zukunft des Sudan hegt, sich erfüllen werden, andererseits aber ist es sicher, daß eine Behandlung colonialer Fragen, die den jeweiligen Verhältnissen Rechnung trägt und nicht nur die Energie und auch noch so geringe Erfolge der Unternehmer bereitwillig anerkennt, sondern auch zur kräftigen Unterstützung des begonnenen Werkes auf fordert, weit mehr im Jutcressc der gesummten Nation liegt, als die Taktik der linksstehenden Parteigruppen in Deutschland, die darin besteht, wie die meisten Maßnahmen Feuilleton. Ein unwillkommener Manövergast. Humoreske von Ferd. Gruner. Nachdruck verboten. In dem schmucken Herrenhaus» des Gutshvfes, welcher Ehrhard Frohnstätteu gehörte, herrschte eifrige Thättgkeit. Der Gärtner brachte, unterstützt von einigen Dienst mädchen, an den vier Säulen, welche den breiten Balcon unter dem HauSthorc trugen, Rcisiggewindc an, in denen Rosen steckten. Vom Thürmchcn, das westwärts weit ins Land schaute, wehte eine mächtige Fahne. In den Corri- doren und auf den Stiegen waren neue Läufer aufgelegt und da8 beste Fremdenzimmer im Herrcnhause zu einem wahren Schmuckkästchen gemacht worden. Der Gutsherr, eine breitspurige Gestalt mit buschigem, weißem Schnurr bart, der schier jugendlich aussah, trotz der Farbe, hatte an den Vorbereitungen selbst thätigeu Anthcil genommen. Der Maihövergast, den man erwartete, sollte sich wie zu Hause fühlen. Ehrhard Frohnstättcn war ja selbst, als er noch den bunten Rock des Kaisers trug, öfters Manöver gast gewesen und wußte, wie wohl cs thut, nach des Tages Hitze und Beschwerden irgendwo gut aufgehoben zu feilt. Nun trat der Gutsbesitzer in das freundlich-elegante Speisezimmer, wo Marianne, seine Frau, eine Dame mit feinem Teint und nußbraunen Haaren, aus der alt eichenen, riesigen Crcdcnz kunstvoll geschliffene Gläser nahm, in denen die Sonne spielte. „Marianne, ich glaube, wir sind fertig", sagte Frohn stättcn mit Genugthuung und warf sich auf einen Sessel. „Nun kann der Herr Leutnant anrückcn. UebrigcnS wird er auch kaum lange auf sich warten lassen. Denn wir haben jetzt elf Mr, und spätestens um halb Zwölf soll die Truppe hier cintrcffcn, wie mir der Bürgermeister sagte." „Wir sind in der Küche auch fertig", erwiderte Frau Marianne. „Desto besser. Aber wo steckt denn Julie?" bemerkte fragend der Gutsbesitzer, uud seine Stritte zog sich in Falten. „Ich glaube gar, das Mädel weicht Einem aus, weil ich von der Liebelet nichts wissen will." „Aber, Ehrhard! Sic ist auf ihrem Zimmer und zieht sich um. Quäle doch das Kind nicht immer. Sic hat Rvbmann nun schon drei Monate nicht gesehen und einen Briefwechsel führen sie nicht. Es geschieht also doch Alles nach Deinem Willen." „. Der hoffentlich auch der Deine ist! Denn einen Maler, von dem man annehmen kann, daß er, wie die meisten seiner Genossen, erst nach seinem Tode berühmt werden wird, halte ich nun einmal nicht für das Ideal eines Schwiegersohnes", erklärte bestimmt der Guts besitzer und schritt in dem Zimmer auf und ab, zeitweilig stehen bleibend und an den Fenstern trommelnd. „Ich bin sehr froh, daß wir Heuer Einquartierung bekommen. Sonst sah Julia Officiere ja ganz gern, bis sie in der Residenz diesen Nobmann kennen lernte. Ich denke, die Einquartierung wird sie auf andere Gedanken bringen. Vorgestern, als ich drüben in Arnsdorf mar, traf ich mit dem Oberst zusammen. Ein ganz charmanter Herr. Wir unterhielten uns famos. Ich habe ihm angedeutet, daß ich gern einen jungen, lustigen Osfictcr in meinem Hause hätte." „Aber, Ehrhard", wandte Frau Marianne vorwurfs voll ein. „Na, so direkt habe ich es dem Oberst natürlich nicht gesagt. Er verstand inich und meinte, er hätte bei seinem Regiment einen sehr netten Menschen, einen Mann, witzig, humorvoll und — hübsch. Na, crnmhne mich nur nicht schon wieder. Vielleicht. ." In diesem Augenblicke erschollen Trompctensignale, bald darauf Pferdegctrappel, Helme und Säbel blitzten im Sonnenschein. Braune Soldatengesichter tauchten auf der Dorfstraße auf. Stramme l^cstalten, an denen man seine Freude haben konnte. Alles war denn auch auf den Beinen, und die jüngste Generation in kurzen Hosen und knielangen Röckchen lief mit glänzenden Augen neben den Cavalleristen her, die vor dem Gcmcindehause, wo die „Quartiermacher" sie erwarteten, Halt machten. Bald schwenkten sie in die ihnen zugcwiesenen Quartiere ab. Geführt von einem Cavalleristen, bog jetzt auf einem hochbeinigen Fuchs ein junger Officicr in den Weg zum Gutshofe des Herrn Ehrhard Frohnstättcn ein. Dieser erwartete den Gast an der Seite Marianne's an der Schwelle der Haipsthür. Frohnstätteu hatte den schwarzen Gehrock angelegt und weiße Handschuhe ungezogen. Lang sam kam der Ossicier herangeritten. Sein Auge musterte den Schmuck des Herrenhauses. Ein Lächeln der Genug- thunng ging über das hübsche, braune Antlitz, dem der schwarze Schnurrbart etwas Männlich-Sympathisches verlieh. Wie angewachsen saß er auf dem Pferde: die kleid same Uniform paßte ihm wie angegossen. „Ein prächtiger Mensch", flüsterte Ehrhard Frohn stättcn, der etwas kurzsichtig war, seiner Marianne zu, die ebenfalls mit regem Interesse den Officicr betrachtete, der nun in kurzem Trabe hcrankam sein Pferd zwei Schritte vor dem Thore parirte und im Nu auf dem weißen Kies boden stand. Die Hacken klirrten zusammen, die Rechte fuhr nach dem Helm. „Willkommen, herzlich willkommen", rief Frohnstättcn, welcher den Hut gezogen hatte, und reichte dem Leutnant die Hand. Auch Frau Marianne khat dies mit freund lichem Gruße. Der Ossicier verbeugte sich tief und küßte respektvoll der Dame die Halt'«. Als er den Kops mit dem lächelnden Gesicht erhob, starrte ihn Ehrhard Frohnstättcn mit merkwürdiger Nachdrücklichkeit an. Das Aiulitz des Gutsbesitzers wurde nm einen Ton bleicher, Bestürzung und Aerger und wer weiß noch Alles spiegelte sich auf dem selben. Denn eine unheimliche Ahnung überkam ihn, als er in dieses kleine, braune Gesicht mit dem schwarzen, auf gedrohten Schnurrbarte sah. Er batte den Maler Nob- mann zwar nur zwei Mal in der Residenz gesehen, und damals in einem saloppen und natürlich bürgerlichen Anzüge, aber .... Frohnstättcn warf einen Blick aus Marianne, und sie lächelte. Sie bemühte sich zwar, cs zu verbergen, aber um ihre Mundwinkel zuckte es ver- rätherisch. ;. Es war also der Leutnant. Nobmann, der Maler! .... Fröhnstüttcu schwindelte: er hätte vor Scham und Acrgcr in die Erde sinken mögen! Und nun hatte er Julie noch anbefohlcu, das; sic au der Schwelle des SpcisezinnnerS den Gast nnllkommen heiße!... Ihn auch noch willkommen heißen!. Der Gutsbesitzer fühlte aber, das; er hier nicht länger mit seinem — er ahnte es — nichts weniger als geistreichen Gesichte stehen könne, und so würgte er denn die Worte heraus: „Bitte, Herr — Leutnant, treten Sie ein. ." Das ließ sich Leutnant Nobmann nicht zwei Mal sagen. Mit einer tiefen Verbeugung ergriff er den Arm der Dame des Hauses. Zerschmettert folgte Frohnstätteu. Er dachte gar nicht daran, zu verhindern, 'daß Julie den (hast be grüßte. Er dachte nur daran, daß dieser Mann, den er bisher ängstlich von seiner Tochter fern gehalten, nun vierzehn Tage unter seinem Dache als Gast wohnen werde! Er hatte sich gefreut auf diese zwei Wochen, so Vieles von ihnen erwartet, und nun? — Er überhörte den kleinen Schrei der Freude, der über des Gutsfräulcins Lippen floh, als es mit freudigem Schreck den Officicr er kannte. Was t-hun? Frohnstätteu floß kalter Schweif; von der Stirn. Für Abends batte er eine kleine Gesellschaft, darunter auch den Obersten, eingcladcn. — Absagen konnte er also nicht lassen. Im Speisezimmer füllte eben nach altem Brauche, wie er im Hause Frohnstättcn stctS gepflegt morden, Frau Marianne die blinkenden, feingeschlifscnen Gläser nnd sah nach dem Gatten aus. War das ein Lcidcnskelch, der seine Hand zittern machte, als er ihn hob nnd so ruhig, als cs ihm möglich mar, sagte: „Eiu Willkommen nach ehr würdigem Brauche dem Officiere Seiner Majestät in diesem Hause." Ein Schatten huschte über Nobmann's Gesicht,- er ver stand den dunklen Sinn der Worte. Schweigend trank er nach kurzem Dank. Dann zog er sich auf sein Zimmer zurück. 6050 der Regierung, so auch ihre Eolonialpolitik zu bekämpfen und zu verspotten. --- Berlin, 1. September. (Socialdemvkraten, Nativ nalliberalc und Welfen bei den nächsten Wahle n.j Auf der socialdemokratischen Parteikonferenz zu Harburg ist beschlossen worden, auf dem Münchener Parteitage dahin zu wirken, das; die To- cialdemvtraten der Provinz Hannover bei Stichwahlen zwischen Nationalliberalen und Welfen sich der Stimme enthalten. Die Haltung der Socialdemvkraten bei Han- ulwerschen Stichwahlen ist von nicht zu unterschätzender Bedeutung. Für die Welfen bedeutet sie schlechthin eine Ex i st c n z f r a g c, denn von den 9 welfischen Man daten, die bei den letzten allgemeinen Wahlen errungen wurden, sind nicht weniger als 7 von der Gnade der Lo- cialdemvkratie abhängig. Im Wahlkreise Osnabrück wurden in der Hauptwahl 11481 nationalliberalc gegen 11893 welfische Stimmen abgegeben, so dast die Ent scheidung bei den 3500 Socialdemvkraten lag. In Syke wurden 6503 nationalliberalc und 7197 welfische Stimmen abgegeben; die Ents/eidung lag hier bei den 2500 socia- listischen Stimmen. In Neustadt - Fallingbostel stanben den rund 7000 nationalliberal-bünd.'crischen Stimmen 7000 welfische und 2600 socialistische Stimmen gegenüber. In allen diesen Wahlkreisen hatte der welfische Bewerber nur einen so geringen Vorsprung, dast selbst bei S t i m m e n t h a l t n n g der Tocialdemokratcn ein Sieg der nationalen Parteien durchaus mbglich war. Aus dem Stimmenzuwachse der Welfen bei den Stichwahlen aber ging hervor, dast die Svcialdcmokratcn der Mehrheit nach für den welfischen Bewerber eintraten. Im Wahlkreise Celle-Gifhorn (dieser Wahlkreis ist bekanntlich in einer inzwischen abgehaltcnen Ersatzwahl von den Nationalliberalen erobert worden) hatten bei den letzten allgemeinen Wahlen die Nativnalliberalen einen Borsprung von mehr als 2000 Stimmen vor den Welsen; während sic aber in der Stichwahl nur um die 2209 in der Hanptwahl abgegebenen freisinnigen Stimmen znnahmen, erhielt der Welfe gegenüber der Hanptwahl ein Plus von über 8000 Stimmen, so dast die Svciald'nokratcn Mann für Mann für ihn gestimmt haben mußten. In Lüneburg war der nationalliberalc Bewerber in der Hanptwahl dem Welsen um mehr als 500 Stimmen überlegen, in der Stichwahl siegte der wel fische Bewerber hingegen mit einem Plus von 3500 Stimmen, so daß auch hier die in der Hanptwahl ab gegebenen 4400 socialistischen Stimmen zum großen Tbeile dem Welfen zugefallcn sein müssen. In Uclzcn endlich betrug das welfische Plus in der Hauptwahl ungefähr 900 Stimmen, in Göttingen sogar 1900 Stimmen, so daß in diesen Wahlkreisen bei socialdcmvkratischer Stimm enthaltung die Welfen wohl die besseren Chancen nir sich gehabt haben. Immerhin ergiebt sich aus dieser Zusammen stellung, daß schon eine thatsächliche und streng durch geführte Stimmenthaltung der Svcialdemokraten der na- tionallibcralcn Partei dnrchauä nicht unangenehm zu sein braucht. D Berlin, 1. September. (Telegramm.) Der Kaiser nahm heute Vormittag von 9 Uhr an die Vorträge deS Chefs des Civilcabine tö und deS CultusministerS Studt hierselbst entgegen. Zur gestrigen Abendtafel waren keine Einladungen ergangen. (7) Berlin, 1. September. (Telegramm.) Der „Nationalzeitung" wird aus KiinsUerkreisen mitgetheilt, der Kaiser habe dem König von Italien während dessen An wesenheit die zur Ausführung bestimmten Entwürfe für das Goethedenkmal in Rom vorgelegt und die Entwürfe hätten die volle Billigung des Königs gefunden. O Berlin, 1. September. (Telegramm). Tas „Berl. Tageblatt" meldet: Gegen den Redacteur des hier erscheinenden polnischen Blattes „Wrobel" ist wegen Aufreizungen zu Äewaltthätigkeiten Anklage erhoben worden. Die Strafthat soll Lurch die Verbreitung LeS kürzlich beschlagnahmten Sokol-Lieder» buch es begangen worden jeiiu — Die Leibgendarmerie des Kaisers und die Leib garde der Kaiserin begaben sich am Sonntag Abend vom Schlesischen Güterbahnhof nach Posen, um beim Einzug des Kaiser« paareS den Dienst zu übernehmen. Am Donnerstag werden die beiden Abtheilungen nach Frankfurt a. O. befördert und von dort am nächsten Sonntag in Las Manövergelände der Provinz Posen. Am 16. d. M. kehren sie nach Potsdam zurück. * Aachen, 31. August. Der AuSstaud der Straßen bahn-Angestellten ist als beigelegt zu betrachten. Heute wollen über 70 Mann wieder den Dienst antreten. (D Aachen, 1. September. (Telegramm.) Tie Dcle- girten des niederrheinischen Webereiverbandes be schlossen gestern eine Verschmelzung mit dem deutschen Textilarbeiterverband. * Aus Baden. Eine Anzahl badischer evangelischer Decane haben sich zu einem Ausschuß zusammengcthan und eine Petition an den Großhcrzvg verfaßt, in der um Nichtzulassung der katholischen Orden gebeten wird. Diese Petition soll, wie die „Bad. Post" berichtet, an alle evangelischen Pfarrämter in Baden versandt werden, worauf die Unterschrift der Mitglieder der Kirchcngemeindcräthc nndKirchcngemeittdeveÄannnlilngcn veranlaßt werden soll. (D Stuttgart, 1. September. (Telegramm.) Unter allgemeiner Betheiligung ist am Sonnabend und Sonntag in Langenburg der 70. Geburtstag deS Fürsten Hermann von Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Statthalters von Elsaß-Lothringen, gefeiert worden. Außer einem Fest mahl uud einem Fackelzuge wurde ein großes Preisschießen veranstaltet, dem der Fürst mit seinen An gehörigen beiwohnte. Zu der Feier war auch der Erbprinz Ernst, Regent von Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha, erschienen. Wie der „Schwäbische Merkur" erfährt, hat der Fürst zur Er innerung an das Fest dem Kirchenbaufonds in Langenburg ein Ehrengeschenk von 10 000 überwiesen. * München, 31. August. Ein großes Werk DeWet' s über den Krieg des O r a n j e f r e i st a a t e s gegen England soll im Berlage von I. A. Lehmann in München erscheinen. Ebenso veröffentlicht General Ben Viljoen bei demselben Verleger den Kampf der Transvaaler gegen England, so daß diese beiden Werke mit den Lebcnserinnernngen Krüger's, die zumal die Vorgeschichte des Krieges enthalten, ein großes, abschließendes Werk über den Krieg bilden. (M. N. N.) Frankreich. Zum Besuch des Königs von Italien in Berlin. U. Paris, 1. September. (Privattelegramm.) Der Deputirte Henry Maret schreibt im „Radical" über den Besuch des Königs von Italien in Berlin: Die Reise deS Königs Victor Emanuel und die von demselben und Kaiser Wilhelm ausgebrachten Trinksprllche lassen keinen Zweifel mehr bestehen. DaS ist nicht bloße Anhänglichkeit, nicht bloS Interesse mehr, das ist wärmste Freundschaft. Niemals war der Dreibund lebendiger, niemals ist eine Allianz in schwung vollerer Sprache bekräftigt worben. Es ist ein gewaltiger Unterschied zwischen diesen FrcundschastSschwüren und den kühlen Kundgebungen Rußlands, wenn dieses unser französisches Herz zu erfreuen geruht. Italien. * Turin, 1. September (Telegramm.) Der König ist heute 2 Uhr 50 Min. hier eingetroffen und ohne Aufent halt nach Racconigi weiter gefahren. Großbritannien. Tie Bocrengenersle in Lo-don. * London, 3l. August. Botha, De Wet urd Delarcy, begleitet von Fischer und Vrebner, landeten heute Vormittag ungefähr S.45 Uhr in der Nähe der Tower- Brücke, wo die Dampfer aus Rotterdam gewöhnlich ankern. Nur einige Dockarbeiter saben die Landung. Die Boeren- geuerale fuhren dann in einem privaten Omnibus nach dem Horrex-Hotel, wo ihre Ankunft am regnerischen Vormittage auch richt bemerkt wurde. Interviews verweigern sie vor läufig. Den „Central-News" zufolge wird Chamberlain wahrscheinlich eigens nach London zurückkehren, um die Boeren- generale zu sprechen. Alsdann werden diese ihre VorlesungS- tour beginnen und dabei die landwirthschastliche Ausstellung in Preston und die Ausstellung in Cork besichtigen, um dort für Südafrika verwendbare praktische Informationen zu sammeln. Auch in Amerika werden die Generale Vorlesungen halten, ehe sie sich zu gleichem Zwecke nach dem Continente begeben. (Frkf. Ztg.) * HltLa, 31. August. Nus Boerenquelle verlautet, daß die Verhandlungen, welche die Boerengenerale in London führen wollen, folgende Puncte betreffen: größere finan zielle Unterstützung der ruinirten Boerenfamilien, Rück gabe aller beschlagnahmten Güler, Erlaubnis für alle in Europa weilenden Boerenführer in die Heimath zurück- zukehren und baldige Gewährung einer parlamentarischen Regierung für die früheren Boerenstaaten. Krüger'S Memoiren werden, wie verlautet, nicht blos die letzten Jahre, sondern den ganzen Lebenslauf deS Präsidenten um fassen. Man bestätigt, daß LeydS eine Anstellung in Nieder- ländisch-Indien erhält. * London, 1.September. (Telegramm.) Der „Standard" erfährt, die Boerengenerale würden bei der bevorstehenden Conferenz im Colonialamte außer den bereits er wähnten Forderungen noch eine Bürgschaft für die Bei behaltung der holländischen Sprache in den ehemaligen Boerenrepubliken verlangen. Das Blatt bespricht diese Vor schläge in einem augenscheinlich inspirirten Leitartikel und sagt dabei: Die Neichöregieruug würde sicherlich einen großen Irrthum begehen, wenn sie etwas thäte, um Täuschungen Vorschub zu leisten, die nur Unheil anrichten könnten. Die Boerenstaaten würden für geraume Zeit wie Kron- colonien verwaltet werden. Die Boerengenerale seien ohne jede amtliche Stellung. Es könnten mit ihnen keine Unterhandlungen gepflogen werden. Das politische Dasein der Boerennationalitäten sei durch den Aus gang deS Krieges abgeschlossen und könne nicht wieder belebt werden. Zwischen einer souveränen Macht und ihren Unterthanen seien diplomatische Beziehungen unzu lässig. (Mgdb. Ztg.) Orient. Die Türkei und Montenegro. Obgleich die Beziehungen zwischen der Türkei und Montenegro seit einigen Jahren einen sehr freundlichen Charakter angcnvmmen haben, bilden doch Hrenzreibe- rcien und Reklamationen ein ständiges Capitel.des gegen seitigen Verkehrs. An gutem Willen, größere Zusammen stöße zu verhüten, scheint cs auf beiden Seiten nicht zu fehlen, die Pforte hat aber die albanischen Grenzstämme keineswegs in der Hand, und die denselben gegenüber stehenden montenegrinischen Grenzbewohner scheinen auf jede Gelegenheit zu Gegenstößen und auf Anlässe zu Re- clamanvnen zu warteu, so daß die Grenzstreitigkeiten und hierauf bezügliche Verhandlungen andauernd auf der Tagesordnung stehen. Der alljährliche Conflict um die Heuernte der Weideplätze bei Mvkra wurde bek. int- lich auch dies Jahr dadurch geregelt, daß die Pforte die moutcuegrinischcu Besitzer der auf türkischem Territorium gelegenen Weideplätze entsprechend entschädigte. Dieses Arrangement gab aber noch zu einem bedenklichen Miß verständnis; Anlaß. Die türkischen Grenzbehörden und die Albaner behaupten nämlich, daß die Entschädigung auch für die auf montenegrinischem Territorium gelegenen Weideplätze gelte, beziehungsweise, -aß die Heuernte der selben türkischcrseits cingeheimst werden könne. Dies wurde natürlich von den Montenegrinern entschieden ab gewiesen. In der jüngsten Zeit fand ein kleiner Grenz vorfall bei Bclike Polje statt, wobei ein Menschen verlust und einige Verwundungen vorkamen. Die letzte montenegrinische Rcclamation bezieht sich auf die An sammlung von Albanern in der Umgebung von Cstisinjc, welche die montenegrinischen Posten bei Velika bedrohen. Es wurden türkischcrseits Versicherungen gegeben, daß man den Grenzbehörden entsprechende Weisungen cr- theilcn werde. Wie schon erwähnt, fehlt es der türkischen Regierung nicht an gutem Willen, derartige Vorfälle, welche zu blutigen Zusammenstößen führen können, mög lichst zu vermeiden. Aber es ist für die Türken außer ordentlich schwierig,' gegen die Albaner mit energischen Mitteln vorzugehen. Armenisches; Mecrcngenfrage; Ernennungen; Italienisches Geschwader. * Konstantinopel, 31. August. Dem armenisch-gregoria nischen Patriarchen Ormanian ist gestern vom Aildizpalais mitgetheilt worden, daß daS Irade betreffend die Auf hebung der Ausnahmemaß regeln gegen die Armenier unterzeichnet sei. Ormanian zog infolgedessen seine Demission zurück. — RussischerseitS wird bestritten, daß die Pforte die verlangte Durchfahrt durch die Meer engen formell abgelehnt habe. Es seien in dieser Hinsicht Verhandlungen im Zuge, bei denen darauf hingewicsen wird, daß der bulgarische Torpedobootaviso „Nadjeschda" unter denselben Umständen nicht armirt, sondern mit einer Handels flagge versehen, im November 1898 die Meerengen passirt habe. — Der erste Kammerherr Halschi Ali-Bey, öcr erste Sekretär Tachsin-Bey und der zweite Sekretär Izzet-Bey sind zu Veziren mit dem Range eines Paschas ernannt worden. — Man ist türkischerseits bemüht, dahin zu wirken, daß der italienische Contreadmiral Palumao, einem Wunsche deS Sultans entsprechend, schon am 1. September hier ein trifft, um dem Thronbesteigungsfeste beizuwohnen. Die Abgesandten des Sultans gehen nach der Besikabai ab, um dem gesammten italienischen Geschwader mit kaiserlichen Grüßen verschiedene Geschenke zu überbringen und Wagen zur Benutzung während des Aufenthalts in Eskadre zur Ver fügung zu stellen. Asien. Trohendc Unruhen in Indien. * London, 3l. August. „Reynolds NewSpaper" will aus zuverlässigster Quelle wissen, daß ernste Wirren in Indien bevorstehen durch die Unzufriedenheit mit der Grenzpolizei. Infolge von Uebclständeu, die nicht ab gestellt werden, wurden in mehreren Distrikten die Mango bäume in derselben Weise beschmiert, wie dies kurz vor dem Ausbruch der Sepoy - Meuterei geschehen. Die britischen Behörden halten diese Thatsache soweit wie möglich geheim, entsandten jedoch Vertreter, um die Uebelstände zu untersuchen. Die Lage ist bereits so ernst, daß die sofortige Ergreifung energischer Maßregeln erforderlich wird, andern falls dürfte der geplante Krönungs-Durbar in Indien im Januar 1903 nicht stattfinden können. Kitchener, der neue Chef der indischen Armee, wird sich, eher als erwartet, nach Indien begeben, begleitet von einem Mitglicde des Cabinets. Mehrete hervorragende Osficiere, die früher in Indien ge dient, erhielten Befehl, sofort nach Indien zu segeln. Marine. D Berlin, 1. September. (Telegramm.) Die Schiffe der Uebungsslotte sind am 31. August von Neufahrwasser nach der Nordsee in See gegangen. S. M. S. „Brummer" ist am 29. August in Kiel eingetrofsen. Der Vermessungsdampser „National" ist am 30. August in Kiel eingetrofsen. Poslslation sür die I. Torpedobootsflottille ist vom 1. bis 7. September Bremer- Laven. Poststation sür S. M. S. „Schwalbe" bis 16. November Mittags Kaiserliches Hospostamt, vom 16. November Nachmittags bis 28. November Brunsbüttel, vom 29. November bis aus Weiteres Kiel. S. M. S. „Olga" ist am 30. August in Norderney eingetrosfen und nach Helgoland weitergegangen. S. M. S. „Hyäne" an Norderney 30. August. S. M. S. „Bremse" hat am 29. August in Wilhelmshaven außer Dienst gestellt. S. M. S. „Zieten" ist am 29. August von Wilhelmsoven in See gegangcn. S. M. S. „Panther" ist am 30. August in St. Thomas (Westindien) eingetrofsen. S. M. S. „Wols" ist am 30. August in Swakopmund eingetrosfen und geht «in 9. September von dort nach der Großen Fischbay in See. S. M. S. „Jaguar" ist am 30. August von Kobe »ach Wusung in See gegangen. S. M. TpLbt. „8 90" ist am 30. August von Kobe in See gegangen und am 31. August in Nagasaki eingetrosfen. S. M. S. „Freya" ist am 31. August von Kiel in See ge- gangen. Das argentinische Schulschiff „Presidente Sarmiento" ist am 29. August in Wilhelmshaven eingetroffen. , Aus dem Geschäftsverkehr. k DaS AlterthttinSgcschäft von Jost, Grimmaischer Stein weg Nr. 10, ist eine Sehenswürdigkeit Leipzigs, aus die Einheimische wie Fremde hiermit aufmerksam gemacht seien. All' die Gegenstände, die diese Firma kaust und verlaust, sind im ersten Stockwerk zu einem umfangreichen, sür den Alterlhumsfreund interessanten Lager vereinigt. Man findet da eine große Anzahl alter und neuer Rococo-, Renaissance- und sonstiger antiker Möbel, gut erhaltene Aiterthümer, Kunslgegenslände, als: Porzellangeschirre, Figuren, Gläser, Krüge, Töpferarbeiten, Flacons, Tosen, Fächer, Gold und Silbersachen, Münzen, antike Uhren, Juwelen, getriebene und gravirle Silber-, Kupfer-, Zinn-, Bronze, und Eisensachen. k So unentbehrlich heutzutage Füllfederhalter sind, so stößt deren Anschaffung doch auf mancherlei Schwierigkeiten, wobei der hohe Preis und der Umstand, daß man meist nur au eine einzige Spitze gebunden ist, besonders in Betracht kämmen. Dafür bringt die hiesige Firma Graul L Pölil durch ihre patentamtlich ein getragene, ganz eigenartig geformte Atügel-Tauer-Fcder einen vorzüglichen Ersatz in dreierlei Spitzen, die sich beim Dauer schreiben durch ihre vorzügliche Qualität schnell Bahn brechen wird. Zu beziehen sind die Federn durch alle Papierhandlungen. Der heutigen Gesammtauslage liegt ein Prospekt bei, die Tritt Königsberger Geld-Lotterie zur Wiederherstellung der Lieb frauenkirche zu Königsberg in Franken betreffend. k; verfeinert Lake; im Geschmack wunderbar, wenn mit Zuthat von Mondamin gebacken. Mondamin ist vorzüglich zum Kochen frischer Frucht-Gelees. Mit gewöhnlichem Mehl vermischt, eignet es sich ausgezeichnet zu Pasteten, Krusten, Törtchen, wie jedem Gebäck. Orangen- oder Citronen - Flammerie mit Mondamin ist köstlich. In der That ist die vortheilhafte Verwendung des Mondamin geradezu unbegrenzt. Wohlerprobte leichte Recepte befinden sich auf den Mondamin-Packcten, überall erhältlich L 60, 30, 15 Pf. Uonäamin Unnptckepöt: V. Vi» I «L 8ol»u, I»eiprix. gesetzlich geschützt. WmW UntersMng Leidnir l^srinelacke cL-L» Tageskalender. Telephon - Anschluß: Expedition des Leipziger Tageblattes .... Nr. 222 Redaktion des Leipziger Tageblattes .... - 153 Buchdruckerei des Leipziger Tageblattes (E. Polz). - 1173 Alfred Hahn vorm. Otto Klemm'S Sortiment, Filiale; Uni- verfitätsstraste 3: Nr. 4046. Louis Lüsche, Filialen des Leipziger Tageblattes: Katharinen- jtraße 14: Nr. LS3S. Kvnigsplatz 7; Nr. 7606. Berliner Verkehrs - Bureau des „Leipziger Tageblatt". Berlin L^V., Königgrätzerst-catze 116, direkt am An halter Bahnhof. Fernsprecher Amt Vl Nr. 3393. Lese zimmer. Adreßbücher. Kursbücher. Stadt pläne rc.rc. Auskunft über Verkehrsverhältniffe und Nachweis von preiswürdigen Hotels und Penjionen rc. Ter VerkehrS-Berein Leipzig, Städtisches Kaufhaus, ertheilt unentgeltlich Auskunft über Leipzigs Verkehrs- und Aufent halts-Verhältnisse, Gasthöfe, Wohnungen, Lttrnst- und Vildungsanstalten, Vergnügungen und Neisegclegcnheiten. Auskunftsstelle der königlich sächsischen Staatöeisenbahnen in Leipzig (Grimmaische Straße 2, Telephon Nr. 6721), und die NnSkunftSstelle der künigl. preuß. Staatöeisenbahnverwaltung 1 Brühl 76 u. 77, Creditanstalt, ptr. im Laden), Telephon 6704, beide geöffnet an Wochent. v. 8 Uhr Vorm. ununter brochen bis 6 Uhr Nachm., Sonn« und Festtags 10 iL—12 Uhr Vorm., geben unentgeltlich Auskunft n. tm Per sonenverkehr über Ankunft und Abgang der Lüge, Zug anschlüsse, Reiserouten» Billetpreise, Reiscerleichterungen» Fahrpreisermäßigungen rc.; b. im Güterverkehr über allgem. Traiisportbeoingnngen, Frachtsätze, Kartirungen rc. Fundbnreau der königl. sächs. Staaröeisenbahnen (Linien Leip zig-Hof, Leipzig-Ehemnitz und Leipzig-Meuselwitz), Bayer. Platz 2, Part. (Biwer. Bahnh., Abgangsseite, 1. Geb.), in der königl. Bahnhofs-Jnspection. AnSkunftSstelle für SeeschifffahrtS- und Reise-Berkehr. Relief- Weltkarte der Hamb. Rhedereien: R. Jaeger, Augustus- platz 2. Unentgeltl. Anskunftserth.: Wochent. S-12 u. 3-6 Ühr. Hauptmcldeamt deS BezirkS-CommandoS Leipzig, Nicolaikirch- hof 2, I. Stock, Zimmer 1. Meldest.: Wochent. v—1, Sonn tags 11—12. An den hohen Festtagen, sow. an d. Geburts tagen des Kaisers u. Königs bleibt das Hauptmeldeamt geschl. Gutsbesitzer im Speisezimmer auf und nieder. Plötzlich blieb er vor seiner Frau stehen und fragte mit durch bohrendem Blicke: „Wußtest Tu etwa, daß unser Gast. dieser Herr sein würde, und daß er Rcservevfficicr bei diesem Regiment ist? Frau Marianne wurde dnnkelroth im Gesicht: „Ich schmiede keine Cvmplottc", erwiderte sic beleidigt. „Weder ich noch Julie, die ich auch darnach gefragt habe, wußten davon auch nur eine Silbe." — Damit rauschte sie hinaus. „Ein unseliger Zufall!" wetterte Frohnstätten. „Diese vierzehn Tage ertrage ich nicht! Ich verreise." — Diesen Plan gab er jedoch bald wieder auf. Denn erstens dünkte ihm eine solche Flucht doch schließlich wenig muthvoll, uud außerdem vergrößerte er dadurch wahrscheinlich noch die Gefahr. Tie kleine Abendgesellschaft verlief außerordentlich animirt. Julie, welche in ven Monaten, seit sic aus der Residenz, in der die Familie Frohnstätten den Winter zu verbringen pflegte, zurückgckehrt war, einsilbig und niedergeschlagen gewesen war, kam aus dem Lächeln und Lachen nicht heraus. Fast immer befand sich der hübsche Leutnant Robmann in ihrer Gesellschaft, und sie ,vg seine Unterhaltung augenscheinlich jeder anderen vor. Seufzend und mit tiefem Vorwurf bemerkte deshalb Frau Kling hausen, welche drei längst heirathsfähigc Töchter batte, zu Frau Marianne: „Da sehen Sie, wie leicht so ein Mäd- chcnhcrz Feuer fängt und — vergißt! Ich glaube, liebe Freundin, Sie werden bald eine Hochzeit in Ihrem Hause haben Frau Marianne lächelte Der Oberst beobachtete ebenfalls den eifrigen Flirt seines Leutnants, dem er besonders zugcthan zu sein schien. Als schon einigen Flaschen Sect der Hals gebrochen wor den, klopfte er Ehrhard Frohnstätten auf die Schulter und lächelte: „Nun, ich glaube, Herr Frohnstätten, Sie können mit mir zufrieden sein. Robmann ist wiicklich ein Mann, wie man ihn suchen muß. Sehen Sie ntrr, jetzt tanzt er mit Ihrem Fräulein Tochter, das ja wie Milch und Blut aussieht. Ein prächtiges Paar." Ter Gutsbesitzer wußte nicht, was er darauf erwidern sollte, denn cs war wahr; die Beiden schienen wie zu einander geschaffen. Er merkte erst jetzt in der Uniform, wie sicher die Haltung Robmann's war, und das bunte Tuch stand ihm vorzüglich. Er fühlte seinen Groll ein bischen schwinden. Aber was half cs, einen brvdlosen Maler als Eidam, das ging doch nicht. Unwillkürlich seufzte er. Der Oberst sah ihn lächelnd von der Seite an. „Schade", sagte er, und sein Blick wurde nachdenklicher, „daß solche Männer zu viel freundliche Augen finden. Sie gehen in Folge dessen oft an der Richtigen vorüber!" Sv eigenthümlich betonte dies der Oberst, daß der Gutsbesitzer ihn fragend ansah. Der alte Officicr bewegte seinen weißen Kopf. „Es ist so, lieber Herr Frohnstätten! Und ich glaube, daß Leutnant Robmann schvn irgendwo sein Herz vergeben lat. Es würde mir leid thun Aber, wie gesagt, ein famoses Paar gäben die Beiden ab." Frohnstätten lief cs kalt über den Rücken. Der Oberst stellte die Sache ganz anders dar. Der Gutsbesitzer ver suchte zornig zu werden, doch ging cs nicht recht. Er zer drückte die brennende Cigarre in seiner Hand und warf sie dann mit erregter Geberdc in den Aschenbecher. „Was ist der Herr Leutnant Robmann in Civil?" fragte er etwa eine Stunde später den Oberst uüd machte ein möglichst harmloses Gesicht. „Der? Ein Künstler, ein Mann, der eine Zukunft hat, wie Fachleute behaupten." „Aber keine Gegenwart!" „Hm, Herr Frohnstätten, wie man es ninnnt. Ober leutnant Krastner, besten Bruder auch Maler ist, hat von dem Besagten gehört, Robnmnn verdiene immerhin bei nahe so viel, wie das Gehalt eines Obersten ansmacht. Na, und für's Erste dürfte das schon genügen. Frohnstätten biß sich auf die Lippen und fragte nicht weiter. Ein bärbeißiges Gesicht sollte verbergen, wie wunderlich cs in seinem Innern ausfah. Er hatte die ganze Scala der Gefühle heute schon an sich empfunden. Nun war er so ziemlich aus dem Nullpunctc. Doch noch waren nicht alle Ueberraschungen vorüber. Tenn als der Gutsbesitzer in das Speisezimmer ein treten wollte, stand plötzlich Leutnant Robmann in stramm militärischer Haltung vor ihm und sagte: „Herr Frohn stätten, ich erlaube mir, Ihneu einen Vorschlag zu machen. Leutnant Harkncr würde gern mit mir das Quartier wechseln. Ich glaube, es würde Ihnen dies nicht un angenehm sein; ich möchte wirklich Niemand incvmmv- diren." Da gab eS Frohnstätten einen Ruck. „Herr Leutnant, Sie incvmnwdircn in meinem Hause weder mich, noch sonst Jemand." Denn um nichts in der Welt hätte der Gutsherr ein gestehen mögen, wie unwillkommen ihm gerade diese Ein quartierung war. So verblieb Leutnant Robmann vierzehn Tage auf dem Gutshofe. Er verhielt sich tadellos. Frohnstätten gegen über war er von vollendeter Höflichkeit, ganz unbefangen. Bei den Damen verstand er cö, sich unauffällig in Gunst zu setzen, und da er ein lustiger Gesellschafter war, hing ihm bald der ganze Gutshof au. 6051 UriebhosS-Erpeditton nud Casio für den Süd«, Nord- und neuen JohannisftieLhof, Georgenhalle, 1. Et. rechts (Etng. Ritter stratze 28). Vergebung der Grabstellen auf vorgedachten Friedhöfen. Vereinnahmen der Concesjionsgelder und die Er- ledigung der sonstigen auf den Betrieb bezüglichen Ungelegen beiten. Geöfsn. Wochent. v. S—V.1 u. 8—5 Uhr. Sonn« und Feitert. jedoch nur für dringliche Fälle, v. 11—12 Uhr. Echluhzeit für den Besuch deS Neuen Jovannis-FrrcShofeS V--7 Uhr, des Süd- und Nordfricdhoscs 147 Uhr. Tie städtische TeSinsectionS-Anstalt, Gustav Adolph-Str. Nr. 2, übernimmt die DeSinfection von Pferde- und Rinder- haaren. Schweinsborsten und SchtveinSwolle gemäß der vom Bundesrathe am 28. Jan. 18SS erlassenen Verordnung. Patent-, Gebrauchsmuster- und Waarenzeichen-AuSkunftSstelle, Brühl 2 (Tuchh.), I. ExpeS. Wochent. 9-12, 3-6. Fernsp. 682. Lefsentliche Bibttotüeken: Universitäts-Bibliothek, Beethovenstr. 6. Die Bibliothek ist an allen Wochentagen geöffnet: Früh v. V—1 «. (mit Ausn. d. Sonnabends) Nachm. v. 3—6. Der Lese saal ist geöffnet: Früh v. 0—1 u. Nachm. v. 8—6. Die Bücherausgabe u. -Annahme erfolgt täglich früh v. 11—2 u. lmit Ausnahme des Sonnabends) Nachm. v. 3—5 Uhr. Stadtbibliothek, Universitätsstr. 16 (Kaufhaus). Der Lesesaal ist geöffnet tägl. 10—1 Uhr, außerdem Dienstags. Mittwochs, Freitags u. Sonnabends 3—6 Uhr. Bücherausgabe Mittw. u. Sonnabds. 3—ö, an den übrigen Tagen 11—1 Uhr. Bibliothek der Handelskammer (Neue Börse, Tr. L, I.): Bücherausgabe von 10—12 u. 4—6 Uhr. Be nutzung des Lesesaals u. Vorlegung der Patentschriften v. ^H9—A»1 u. ^4—6 Ubr ebenda. Volksbibliothck Hl. (JohanniSpIatz11,p.)7N-SV4U.A. Volksbibliothck IV. (Arndtslr. 00, p.) 7N-9'/L U. A. Volksbibliothck V. (Reudnitz, NathhauSstr. 29, p.) 7A—OV4 Uhr Abends. Volksbibliothck Vl. (Acutz. Löhrsrr. 2, p.)7k-9N A. Pädagogische Centralbidliothek (ComeniuSstiftung), Kramer straße 4, I., geöfsn. Mittwochs und Sonnabends v. 2A, bis 41/2 Uhr. Lesehalle v. 2 Ar—8 Uhr geöffnet. Musikbibliothek PeterS (Königsstr. 26) ist wochentags 0. 9—12 u. 3—6 Uhr geöffnet. Bücher, Mnsikalien u. Musikzeitungen können im Lesezimmer unentgeltl. studirt resp. gelesen werden. Volksbibliothck des Gewerbevereins L.-Eutritzsch. Geöffnet jeden Mittwoch v. A>9 Uhr Abends an im Nathhaus zu L.-Eutritzsch. „Volksbureau". Auskunftsstelle f. Arbciterversicherungs-An- gelegenheiten Leipzig-Neuschöncfeld, Gustav Harkortslr. 4, I. Geschäftszeit 1—3, Sonntags '/rll—Arl Uhr. Städtisches Museum der bildenden Künste und Leipziger Kunst verein (am Augujtusplatz), geöffnet an Sonn- und Feier tagen -2II—3 Uhr, Montags 12—4 Uhr, an den übrigen Wochentagen 10—4 Uhr. Eintritt in das Museum Sonn tags. Mittwochs und Freitags frei, Montags 1 Dienstags, Donnerstags, Sonnabends 50 Pfg., an den Meßsonntagen 25 Pfg. Der Eintritt in den Kunstverein beträgt für Nicht- mitglreder 50 Pfg. Grasii-Museum. Museum für Völkerkunde, geöffnet an Sonn- u. Feiert, v. 10H—3 Uhr, an den übrigen Tagen v. 10—3 U. Montags geschlossen. Eintritt Sonnabends 50 Pfg.. sonst frei. Grasii-Museum. Kunstgewrrbe-Musenm, geöfsn. an Sonn- u. Feiertagen v. 10>ch—3 Uhr, an Wochentagen von 10—3 Uhr. Montags geschlossen. Eintritt Sonnabends 50 Pfg.» sonst frei. Bibliothek geöffnet Sonntags von 10^—1 Uhr, an Wochen tagen von 10 Uhr Vorm. bis 9 Uhr "Abends, Montags ge schlossen. Eintritt jederzeit frei. LaS Antikcnmuseum der Universität ist, mit Ausnahme d. Unt- versitätsferien, jeden Sonntag von 11—1 Uhr dem Publicum unentgeltlich geöffnet. Zugang von der Univerjitätsstraße, Albertinum, Erdgeschoß rechts. Sammlungen des Vereins für die Geschichte Leipzigs, Johannis platz 8, II. (Altes Johannishospital), Geöfsn. Sonntags u. Mittwochs von 11—Ul Uhr. Eintritt 30 Pfg., Kinder 10 Pfg. Museum von KriegSerinnerungen de» verbände» deutscher Kriegs-Veteranen im «Tivoli", Zertzer Strahe 82. Geöfsn. alle Wochentage von 8—1 und 8—6 Uhr. Histor. Museum d. Völkerschlacht u. Zt. Napoleon» 1. (11 000 Nummern.) Im Gasthaus Napoleonstem, einzig dastehend. Täglich von früh geöffnet. Monarchenhügel bei Meusdorf. Prächtige Aussicht auf die Schlachtfelder von 1818. Interessante Sammlung von Er innerungen an die Völkerschlacht. Neue» Theater. Besichtigung desselben Nachm. v. 2—4 Uhr. Zu melden beim Theater-Jnspector. Neue» Gewandhaus. Täglich von früh 9 Uhr bis Nachmittags 8 Uhr geöffnet. Eintrittskarten a 1 pr. Person (für Vereine und auswärtige Gesellschaften bei Entnahme von wenigstens 20 BilletS ti U pr. Person) sind am Westportal zu losen. Tel Vccchio'S Ausstellung für Kunst aller Art und Zeit, Mark« arafenstr., im Dodel'schen Hause, neben der Deutschen Bank. , Geöffnet Wochentags 9—7, Abends elektrische Beleuchtung, Sonn- und Feiertags 11—2 Uhr. Gemälde-Ausstellung Mittentzwey-Windsch, Grimm. Str. 25, Aufg. Ritterstr. 1/3, 1., täglich von Vorm. 9—7 Uhr Abends, Sonn« u. Feiertags v. Vorm. 11—3 Uhr Nachm. geöffnet. Deutscher Bnchgewerbeverein. Ständige buchgewerbliche Aus stellung mit Maschinenmarkt. Deutsches Buchgewerbemuseum, wochentäglich von 9—6 Uhr, an Sonn- und Feiertagen von 11—4 Uhr. Das L e fe z im m e r des Buchgeweröemuseums an Wochentagen (mit Ausnahme von Montag) von 9—2 Uhr und Abends von 7—10 Uhr, sowie Sonntags von 11—4 Uhr geöffnet. Eintritt frei. Neue Börse. Besichtigung Wochentags 9—4 Uhr, Sonntags A-11—1 Uhr. Eintrittskarten zu 50 Pfg. beim Hausmeister. Deutscher Flottenverein. Anmeldung zur Mitgliedschaft bei der Filiale d. Sächs. Bank zu Dresden, hier, Neumarkt 35 (Ecke Schillerstraße). Geschäftsstelle des Deutschen Patrioten-BundeS zur Errichtung eines Völkerschlachtdrnkmals bei Leipzig: Rathhausring 11, ptr. l., Zahlstelle und Entnahme von Mitgliedskartenheften. TauerndeGewcrbeauSstellg. Tgl.gcöff.,ca.400Ausst.Eintr. 10 H. Panorama Weitzenburg, geöffn. von früh 8 bis 9 Uhr Abends. Leipziger Palmengarten, täglich geöffnet. Zoologischer Garten, täglich geöffnet. Zoologisches Museum. Bis auf weiteres geschlossen. EchillerhanS in GchliS, Hauptstraße 18, täglich geöffnet. t-iiimiul-^vtiiiliv 11. (evllt 8t. ketersburger) V>iii»int-ire8Oiiröl!ltv ewpüeblt Lrv1iii»tiri8Cii, Oeorgirmg 19, Leks LlUclierpIatr. 1V»ruiv8eI»ulLiii«88v /k» I»eipri«-riu«wit/i. Kouueustrasso 4. kernsprecber 2725. Fast'« ILiinst- 11. ^ItsrtIiiiiU8-t-«8ekiütt, I.vtpLix. <-l Immuiselier 8teinwe« 10, I., uabo Hauptpost. Liu- uuä Verkauf von 4ntlguttliten. Lüelsteiuen, Illlureo, 4It-(-oltl uvä -8Uder, Lorrelluneu, bunten enxl. Unpler- stickvo, sowis allen altertbüwl. <-e«enstriucken. 6r. Auswahl in Lwpire-, Renaissance- und Rococo-Kodeln etc. Lrima aller ärt. Telepin 1339. 11eeli8ler Lia-ssud», Oerberstr. 19/27. vnKMl vMMM-MliMAM, Arke (cös) 8tiilliII»Ii!vIis — 8l»IiI«Ir»t»tv — lmxllseke unä Ueutselio 8t»klv <k»nil»rtinti tv l»I»nk» 8i»tiI««Ileii. Ragerdesllluäo ca. 1 100 000 Kilo. lei. 1585. I. lb. W uoU», vloelleaotr. 11. Ott» Itlsrr, lngsmsurbureau, ».etprlx, 1»»s;O8tr. 28. Beeid. 8acbversr. k. vampk- u. (-uskrutt- wie Ilelrull^saolagen. Neues Theater. Dienstag, den 2. September 1902. Anfang 7 Uhr. (226. Abonnements-Vorstellung, 2. Serie, roth.) Oer L rel8^IiütL. Romantische Oper in 4 Acten von Friedrich Kind. Musik von C. M. von Weber. Regie: Oberregisseur Goldberg. — Direction: Capellmeister Porst. Personen: Ottokar, böhmischer Fürst Herr Carl Groß. Cuno, fürstlicher Erbsörster Herr Kunze. Agathe, seine Tochter Frl. Andor. Aennchen, seine Verwandte. Frl. Gardini. Caspar,! <>. «Herr Schelper. Max, / st^rr AioerS. Kilian, ein reicher Bauer Herr Marion. Samiel, der schwarze Jäger Herr Henning. Ein Eremit Herr Fricke. Brautjungfern FrlS. Untucht, Rudolf. Erster l (Herr Beuger. Zweiter/"^ ... sHerr Schümm. Fürstliche Jäger und Gefolge. Bauern und Bäuerinnen. Musikanten. Brautjungfern. Zeit der Handlung: Kurz vor Beendigung des dreißigjährigen Krieges. Tas decorative Arrangement der „Wolfsschlucht", die Maschinerien und Beleuchtungen nach Angabe des Königl. Maschineriedirectors Herrn Carl Laute nschläger in München. Tie Decoration der „Wolfsschlucht" (3. Act) aus dem Atelier des Hosthcatermalers Herrn H. Burghart in Wien. Tie Tecoration des 2. Actes sZimmer im Forst Hause) aus dem Atelier des Hosthcatermalers Herrn I. Koutsky in Wien. Requisiten und cacbirte Gegenstänoe angeferligt vom Cachcur Herrn Koch. Leitung der Maschinerien: Herr Lbermaschincnmeister I. Tcnk. Pausen nach dem 2. und 3. Act. Krank: Frl. Weidt. Texte ü. 30 an der Casse und bei Len Logenschließern. Opcrn-Prcisc. Parterre 1 50 -H, I. Parquet 4 .ck, II. Parquet 3 Parterre-Logen: Ein einzelner Platz 3 Proscenium-Logen im Parterre und Balcon: Ein einzelner Platz 5^ — Mittel-Balcon: Vorder-Reih. 5,— Mittel-Reih. 4 ./L, Hinter-Reihen 3 Seiten- Balcon 4 ./^, Balcon-Logen: Ein einzelner Platz 3 40/^, Pro- scrnium-Logen im I. Rang: Ein einz. Platz 3 Amphitheater, Sperrsitz 3^L — Stehplatz 1>L50^, Logen des l. Ranges: Ein einzelner Platz 2 ./l 60 II. Rang, Mittelplatz, Sperrsitz 1 >x 80 -H, Seitenplatz, Sperrsitz 1 25 Stehplatz I III. Rang, Mittclplatz, Sperrsitz 75 Atittelplatz, Stehplatz 60 Seiten platz 50 Proscenium-Logen im III. Rang 1 Einlaß V«7 Uhr. Anfang 7 Uhr. Ende nach ^/.>I0 Uhr. Billet-Verkauf für den laufenden Tag an der Tages-Cassc von 10 bis 3 Uhr, Vorverkauf für den nächsten Tag von 1 bis 3 Uhr. (Jedes Billet, welches vor Er öffnung der Tages-Casse bestellt, oder im Vorverkauf ent nommen wird, kostcr 30 »z Aufgeld.) Sonn- und Festtags wird die Casse erst um ^l>11 Uhr geöffnet. G a r d c r 0 b c - A b 0 n n c m c n t s - B ü ch e r, 25 Billcts enthaltend, ä 4 -/( und UM- Theater-Bonsbüchcr, enthaltend 10 Bons ä 1 ,/k, sind an der Tagescasse zu haben. Spiclplan. Mittwoch, den 3. September: (227. Abonnements- Vorstellung, 3. Serie, weiß): Tannhänscr. Anfang 7 Uhr. j Altes Theater. Dienstag, den 2. September. Anfang V-8 Uhr. Schauspiel in 5 Acten vou Wilhelm Meyer-Förster. Regie: Ober-Regisseur Geidner. Personen: Karl Heinrich, Erbprinz von Sachseu-Karlsburg Staatsminister von Haugk, Excellenz. Hosmarschall Freiherr von Passarge, Excellenz Kammerherr Baron von Pietzing .... Kammerherr Baron von Breitenbach. vr. ptul. Jüttner Lutz, Kammerdiener Detlev Graf von Asterberg ' Karl Bilz Kurt Engelbrecht Bansin vom Corps „Saxonia" Reinicke Herr Hahn. Herr Brunow. Herr Stiehl. Herr Greiner. Herr Röbbeling. Herr Temme. Herr Heyse. Herr Schuy. Herr Walter. Herr Franz Groß. Herr Schufsenhauer. Herr Keller. von Wedell, Saxo-Borusse Herr Sternberg. Studenten Herren Benger, Scholz, Wippel. Rüder, Gastwirth Herr Prost. Frau Rüder Fr. Huth. Frau Törffel, deren Tante Fr. Kuntzschmanu. Kellermann Herr Huth. Käthie Frl. Jurberg. Schölermann, j (Herr Schröder. Glanz, Herzogliche Bediente. -kHerc Mehlhorn. Reuter, ) (Herr Richter. Ein Musikant Herr Schmiedecke. Kammerherren, Lfficiere, Studenten, Musikanten, Diener. Der I. und 4. Act spielt im Schloß zu Karlsburg, der 2., 3. und 5. in Heidelberg. Zwischen dem 2. und 3. Acte liegt ein Zeitraum von einigen Monaten, zwischen dem 3. und 4. Acte ungefähr 2 Jahre. Die neue Tecoration „Heidelberg vom Philosophenweg" ist von Herrn Tecorationsmaler Sonnefeld hier gemalt. Pause nach dem 2. Act. Gewöhnliche Preise. Einlaß Vi? Uhr. Anfang '/-8 Uhr. Ende nach 10 Uhr. Lpiclplan. Mittwoch, den 3. September: Tie lieben Feinde. Anfang '/,8 Uhr. Vtv virectton. kallMderg-IIitzAltzr. TicnStag, den 2. September, Abends 8 Uhr, znr Feier des LeduntageS: oder FOvIi«l8 Llrvt»eli»ii. Vaterland. Festspiel in 3 Abtheilungen von I)r. Jul. Risfert. Morgen: Ter Goldfuchs. Gesangsposse von Jacobson und Elly. Dienstag, den 2. September, Abends 8 Uhr: , gM" Oer O»iil» «1er 8»1»tiiertiii>eii. Schwank in 4 Acten von Franz und Paul Schönthan. Morgen zum Ernte-Fest: Schmetterlinge. Posse mit Gesang von Mannstädt. Kro88k Liml-MlM Heute Dienstag, den 2. September ». c„ Vorm. von 10 Uhr und Nachm. von 4 Uhr ab kommen im Laden Ä/e) ein großer Posten Original-Oelgemäl-e, Kupfer-, Stahlstiche, Gravuren, Radirnngen re. öffentlich meistbietend zur Versteigerung. »Ilexunäer IVelgt, Auciionator. In der Königlichen Porzrllan-Manufactur in Meißen findet an den Werktagen vom 8. bis mit 20. September -. I., Vormittags 10 bis 12, Nachmittags 2 bis 4 Uhr eine statt, bei welcher farbige Porzellanwaaren zweiter Wahl aller Art, darunter vollständige Gedecke, sowie beschädigte und zurückgesetzte Kunstgegeiislände öffentlich gegen Baarzahlung versteigert werden. IlkXlllLX bieten allen seneo «rosse Vorteile, üie vor- 1 siebti« unä erkol«ieicü m Lörsvuellelcten uni Ilinen- .Iktlon spefiulieren wollen. Lei äiesem System wirä äie 2abluo§ von 14 tägigen visie renden un<I 8cl>iedun«s«eläern vermieden. Lnswbrlicüc Lroscüürc unä krümiensütrs aut Verlangen kosteuttei. Uttiilllli L MI! cXMlikk, Uli., Lunlc- und Lsieüten-Oescbätt. — üeneral Kinin« Bankers. LusUävu House, Aoorxnto 8treet, OOXVOX, L. 0. - krlcli-LtWitiljsl) I unter 2,5 m lang (l 3630 k«) wird Donners tag , den 4. Sept. 1902, Vorm. 10 Uhr auf hiesigem Bahnhof gegen Baarzahlung öffent lich versteigert. Gütcrvcrwaltung TrcSdcncr Vahnhof. L»nÄIr»iLS. Mein in Wölpern Nr. 38 an der Chaussee Leipzig-Eilenburg gelegenes HanS- grundstück, 1893 neu, massiv, gut ein gerichtet u. nach Villenart erbaut, auch zu versch. kl. Gew. passend, schönste Fernsicht u. Lage des Torfes (Eckhaus), dazu gewölbte Stallung, Scheune mit Keller., kl. Obst- u. Gem.-Garten, 40 Min. v. Bahnhof Jesewitz d. Lpz -Eilenb. Bahn u. 30 Min. v. d. St. Eilenburg» welches zum sof. Bez. frei ist, will ich im Wege öffentlicher Versteigerung Montag, d. 8. Sept., Nachm. 3 Uhr im Gasthof zu Wölpern mit, auch ohne Las ca. 2 Morgen dazugeh., ungefähr 300 Schritte vom Hause entl. gute Ackerland unter sehr günstigen Bedingungen verkaufen. Ver pachtung je nach Kauflust nicht ausgeschlossen. HV. »»««r, Besitzer. hält gewissenhaft ab 0. .1.8clile«el. Auciionator u. Tarator, seit 1878 Thomaskirchhof 1. LoolvKkeker Karte». Bei der heute fiattgehabten notariellen Auslassung unserer Schuldverschreibungen wurden gezogen: Nr. 62, 430, 467, 522, 58». Die Rückzahlung der Beträge erfolgt vom 2. Januar 1903 an gegen Einreichung der Schuldverschreibungen nebst Zinsscheinen und Zinsleislen bei unseeei' 6e8ell8ebatt8!<388e oder bei der Allgemeinen veuketien LreiM-knelsH in Leipzig. Für nicht eingereichte Stücke hört von ihrem Fälligkeitstermine ab eine weitere Ver zinsung auf. Leipzig, den 30. August 1902. WeiNkßlMMt Hssrr Telephon 409 Telephon 409 o, »III ^oiivn Hie»tvr. Lnstvlsssigv Küvke. Btine -er 8rMliMW 8trslil L ko., Inskil. Gesellschaftszimmer, übernimmt Möbel, Maaren aller Branchen Lmil kNilller, Auciionator, Turnersiraße 4. auf Maaren aller Art, auch auf Roh- producte, die mir zur Auction übergeben. Abrechnung sofort ertheilt der Auctionator und Taxator Hamburg, A.V.ss.-Ltraße Nr. 22/23. LV 3tc Königsberger 11.-13. September. Preis 3 11 Loose 30 WohlfahrtSloosc, 4. Lctober, 3 30 Karlsruher und Mockauer Loose L 1 Sächs. Fechtschule u. Reichssechtlchule L 50 rrlsSrlvk Löws, Leipzig, Nürnberger Straße 5. Reiseführer, I Kursbücher, M Reiselesestosf, ^4 Radfahrkarten re. Ä tl. I.u<-tri8, Torotheenstr 1 A (zwisch.Promenade u.Sovhirnbad) Blaue Straßenbahnhaltestelle. vr. mvck. Lsks von llvr Leise Zurück. llr. mü. L. kelCtein I luul -er Reise MÜL Von der Reise zueiilk Zahnarzt VerkLrät. Non drr Rkisr Drüllr Zalniaefi vr. k. l'.irrei«It. LSeliumanll, Ranstädter Steinw. 5. Erfolgr. Behandl. all. geheim.Leiden, selbstverschuld. Schwäche, Harn-, Haut- u. Haarleid.11-1 u.6-9. 1. delivarrkopl', an der deutschen Abtheilung der Universität zu Prag approbirt, ist für Geschlechts-, Haut-, Frauen-, Nieren- nnö Blasen leiden re. zu sprechen: 8—1 und 4—8, Windmüblenstr. 18,1. vlsusebLUvr, akad. geb., staatl. nicht gepr. Praktikant der Homöopathie n. Natnrheilmcth., früher an vr. V. Lcliwudc's Poliklinik, behandelt Tarm-, Hautlcid., Krampsadcrgcschw. n. längs. Erfahr, mit nachw. vorzügl. Eri. IL<1iiIk8i»I»tL I. Sprech;. 9—2, 5—8, Sonntags 10—1 Uhr; nach auswärts brieflich. klek>ri8klie8 lielilb»«!. fie8elileelit8lei«len jed.Art, auch Harn-, Haut-u.l'kcrvenkraükh., I Vorzeit. Lchwächcziiständc rc. werden! gründl.ustrcng individuell beh.Leipzig, W Kii»igSftr.8.Svrechz.9-1u.4-8,Sonnt.9-1. -FS., ». 8. u. ». O«-t«»I»er tu i,olcerie-LirecUou. sooovo l-ooso. Moklisluk I.o11sris ra Lwedtvn «ter veiitsoliea 8cl»»«-«eklkte. I_oose s ll-eil 3.30 L'k.N-'L" 16,870 Osläge^inne, ohne ^drug: '80ÜÜK 280ÜK "s..köüüO 2 LOOOO SOOOO 4 SOOO SOOOO 10 L OOO L OOOO 100. 150 LOO 60». SO-SOOOO 16000.15-S4OOOO IVoNI5uI>rt8-L,o»8« vergeudet: veneest 0»dN lillä. Mller L Oo. in Verlii», Vreit68tr. 5 «nä >a Ulamliiirtr, Xürnkvrir, lUüiiokvn. rel -Xdr.: oiUeNsmUIIsi-, Lllllstdaliv 0. U Vvjkor L Soko, Sihnlftrake 8. Im Ot»^nti<?Ii1ü>n»I: HutZtellung neuer franrörireder vriginal- 8aüirungen u. Lildographien. LIntrIlt »» VO«. Jahreskarte, giltig kür den Inhaber n. drffrn Angehör. bis 30 Sept, t 003 4 —. 6052 Ssi'de' füi' I.eiprig vrird den Herren Linkäukern 2ur HnsoLsKuns auk das Beste enipkodlen. Vas VTerk Lsiotmet siod durod seinen xeäiessnen Inde.it, seine IteiodiiaitiAireit und praktisode ^.norcinnnZ aus. — Oie bedeutendsten Fabrikanten inseriren darin. I^eurriarLt 20/22 und O.-?Is§xv11s, Honnsnstrssss IS. Oio Votail-Vosellätto von L LOllOH I^e1p2l§, I^suinarkt 20/22 und ^OQQSQStl'aSSS 16 vmpfsblen in grossvr Zuswaiil ru billigsn, Lvliäsn preissn in nun guten Qualitäten ttvi^sn WZsvks, I^6M6I16 Lr»F6ll, Iil8U86ll6lt6II, Lkllläen U. 8. Ornvntterr, UmralselrRLlrv, Vaselrentüokei». Legern aareir (^ortekeuilles, Miliums vte.). IFer/ s ^Lo-ro/-»k-K/»/^-ZLÄ«e/re. LroQLSVLLrsn 2U SsIs80nlisits-668LbonlL6n, LunstZuss - ^.rtilcsl. 'tVirtllZollnL'tsLSFOnstänäo (Lol2rvaaron). LMzÄ« Wsuks»! ks ist ein mechanisch-pneumatischer Klavier-Spielapparat r Jetzt beginnt wieder die Saison. Wir erhalten täglich frische Zufuhr und verkaufen stets zum billigsten Tagespreise. — Seefische sollten in jedem Haushalt wenigstens einmal wöchent lich auf den Tisch gebracht werden, da dieselben einen sehr hohen Nührlvcrth haben und in Anbetracht der hohen Fleisch preise ein billiges Nahrungsmittel find. — lleukelle llsmMelmei-Kllel!- Nksll .Mflkee", 28 ksivkssl^ssse 28. . „Lio^ant unä Löselnnaokvoll im ^.SU88S?6N" . - s „Hockst cinkack in scinc? 6onst?uot!on" - -- — , „8inn?ciok bis in äcn kleinsten Itieil seines IVleckanismus" - „Lrstaunlick bequem in seins? üanclbabun§" — . -- ,,^unäe?ba? in seins? ^V!?kun§" unä äabei - ------- — „Leäeutenä billiger als alle disbe? auk äen Na?kt Aeb?acbten äknlieken Apparate." Alleinige I-ießensnten unii susgeslellß bei» Lrllst SolLVvisslK Klacdt., LvipÄK, koivk88tr. 23, koppvr L vo., I-oipÄK, Kvivli88tr. 33/35. Husser^em susgvslvltt im psntenne ries UoRel i>v Kussiv» oi lLLLU^ niRRL Or F^xx>oi'toni o HÄLL<U6r in dkikriv. LE" Dr»rekrv««^«-»-^«L»»rk. tsM in- Nü Wlygizeiiek LDivzUW Ullck ?adrik voll UlulliillLtiolls-LLtöineii. Ruster-^vktellvnx unä Lnxrvs-l-rxer Zer LS, F Lr«Ze^. ksüM beWger MsikMrkk vorn», krvl Ldrlivd L Vo., ^vUovKvsoUsvdLk, LolpLiß-Vodlis. Alochanisches Oianino « j)i«no»Orcheftrisn mit selbstthatig zurnckrollenden Noten. ilviwi>vl-8i>iel<l»8kn nn<I .tulMnlk», Iliiun-, 8ckiil- ninl kirklikiivsMln. ksnvLllvllts M«8lvr-Lussts!i«ll§: LsipLiA-üodlis, Möckernsche Strafe 30i> (Haltestelle -er Straszenbahn-. r«m lief Usliiminz inieeeee tsge^ Abden vir aea uoel» vorlmnic-nen kosten Al«8ilt-^ntoui»»len, eovio leerv uuä 8vIii»ünlLv 2u «ussvr- 8v«OIiuIt«I» billigen kreisen ab. — die kabrikation iler Kotenscbeiben unä clie Besorgung äer Lexaratnren Mr uussre Instrumente veräen kortgvsetrt. Nomsl-Illlusilrvvvi'Ire «Lr Oo., L«ipLi^-LinrIen»u^^n?6?8tra886 32. 8eu! IVvu! 8«uL (D. 1^. I». «n« ) AtyglMlseker Lsswaaren-ÄtMäer für Cafes, WiniMts, Kailsljalimigkn n. öahiihofsiliirislhaflcii. Tie darin befindlichen (shwaaren find sichtbar und dennoch gegen Ltaub, (Zigarrenrauch, Insecten und Slnsasscn geschuht. ^ju besichtigen vs^ö r»öuigspiah, und in mehreren Leipziger Meß» Mnsterlägern. Hierzu vier Beilagen und eine Extrabeilage, Dritte Königsberger Geld-Lotterie betreuend.. Amtlicher Thetl. Bekanntmachung. AuS Anlaß der Feier des Sedantages blelbr die Fondsbörse Dienstag, den 2. September d. I., geschlossen. Leipzig, 27. August 1902. Vvr LÄr8«nve»r8t»ii«I, Abth. l. Ilutli. Vorsitzender. Bekanntmachung, die An- nnd Abmeldung der Fremden betreffend. Mit Rücksicht auf die am Sonntag, den 31. August 1902 be ginnende MtchaeliSmcsse bringt das unterzeichnete Polizeiamt die nachstehenden Bestimmungen des McldcrcgnlativS mit dem Be- merken in Erinnerung, daß die Vernachlässigung dieser Vorschriften Geldstrafe bis zn 50 ./L oder entsprechende Haftstrasc nach sich zieht. Die An- und Abmeldung der Fremden kann sowohl auf dem Haupt- mcldeamte, Abtheilung ll, Polizeigebäude, Wüchterstraße Nr. 5, II. Etage, und zwar an den Wochentagen in der Zeit von 8 Uhr Vor mittags bis '/gl Uhr Mittags und von 3 bis V»7 Uhr Nachmittags, an Len Sonn- und Feiertagen in der Zeit von V-.H bis */J2 Uhr Vormittags, wie auch auf sämmtlichcn Bezirksmcldestcllcn (Polizei- wachen), an den Wochentagen in der Zeit von 8 Uhr Vormittags bis 1 Uhr Mittags und von 4 bis 7 Uhr Nachmittags erfolgen. Leipzig, den 25. August 1902. Tas Polizeiamt der Stadt Leipzig. v. R. 4080. Bretschneider. Frisier. Auszug aus dem Meldcrcgttlativ der Stadt Leipzig vom 15. Avril 1899. 8 12. Jeder in einem Gasthose oder in einer mit HcrbcrgS- bcrcchtigung versehenen Wirthfchast einkehrende und über Nacht bleibende Fremde ist vom Gastwirth oder Quartiergeber, und zwar an den Wochentagen, falls er vor 3 Uhr Nachmittags ankommt, noch am Tage der Ankunft, andernfalls aber am folgenden Morgen spätestens bis 10 Uhr beim Meldeamt des Polizeiamts Abth. II oder der Polizeiwache des betreffenden Bezirks, an Sonn- und Feier- tagen dagegen in der Zeit von V,11 bis '/-I2 Uhr Borm. ausschließlich beim Meldeamte des Polizeiamts Abth. II schriftlich mittels deS vorqeschriebenen und für jeden Fremden besonders auszufüllen den Meldezettels anzumelden. Befinden sich In Begleitung des Fremden Familienmitglieder, Dienerschaft oder sonstige Per>onen, so sind dieselben aus dem nämlichen Zettel mit zu verzeichnen. Zu gleich mit diesen täglichen Anmeldungen ist auch die Abmeldung der inzwischen abgereisten Fremden zu bewirken. 8 14. Tie in Privathäuscrn absteigenden Fremden, Besuchssremve, sind, sobald sie länger als 3 Tage hier bleiben, spätestens am 4. Tage nach erfolgter Ankunst vom Quartierwirth beim Meldeamt Abth. II oder der betreffenden Polizeibezirkswache mündlich oder schriftlich mittels Les vorgeschriebenen Meldezettels anzumelden. Bei den etwa in Privathäusern Wohnung nehmenden Mrßsrcindcn jedoch hat diese Anmeldung in jedem Falle, auch wenn sie nur eine Nacht hier bleiben, und zwar binnen 24 Stunden von der Ankunft an, beim Meldeamte Abth. II, oder bei -er Polizeiwache des betreffenden Bezirks zu geschehen. 8 16. Bei Fremden, die sich nur 3 Monate oder weniger hier aushalten, bedarf es in der Regel der Vorzeigung oder Nieder- legung eines Ausweispapieres nicht, doch bleibt der Fremde jeder zeit verpflichtet, sich auf amtliches Erfordern über seine Persönlich keit auszuweise». Fremde, welche länger hier verweilen wollen, haben sich in der Regel in ähnlicher Weise über ihre Person auszuweisen, wie dies in 8 1 für die bleibenden Einwohner vorgeschrieben ist. 8 18. Für die rechtzeitige An- und Abmeldung der Fremden haften nicht nur diese selbst, sondern auch die betreffenden Quartierwirthe, welche Fremde bei sich aufnebmen. Bekanntmachung^ Durch den Besuch des städtische» Kaufhauses Seiten schaulustigen Publikums haben sich für die dort ver kehrende» Geschäftsleute erhebliche Unznträglichkcitcn er geben. Es wird deshalb während der Messen der Besuch des städtischen Kaufhauses nur Geschäftsinteresse»»«! gestattet. Unsere Aussichtsbeamten sind angewiesen, die Besolguug dieser Vorschrift zu überwachen. Leipzig, am 28. August 1902. Ter Rath der Stadt Leipzig. vr. Tröndlin. Krumbiegel. Bekanntmachung. Von hiesigen wie auch von auswärtigen Geschäftsinhabern und insbesondere auch von einem großen Thcile der während der Messen hier Ausstelleudcn ist fortdauernd darüber Klage geführt worden, daß jedesmal gegen Ende der hiesigen Messen eine Anzahl Meßaussteller ihre mitgcbrachten Muster hier an Privatpersonen verkaufen. Um hierin Abhilfe zu schaffen, haben wir in der Annahme, daß die Verkäufer von Meßmustern ihre Vorräthe überhaupt lieber im Ganzen an Händler als im Einzelnen an Private ab geben und andererseits die Händler mehr Neigung zu derartigen Erwerbungen zeigen werden, wenn ihnen die betreffenden Ge schäfte bekannt sind, folgende Einrichtung getroffen: 1. Alle Aussteller, die während oder gegen Ende der * > - hiesigen Messen ihre Musterlager oder Theile von solchen i. verkaufen und ebenso alle Händler, die Muster kaufen wollen, werden hiermit aufgcfordert, entsprechende Mel« ; - düngen an unsere Geschäftsstelle im Kaushause am Ncu- - markt, 1. Obergeschoß, Zimmer Nr. 105, gelangen zu lassen oder mündlich anzubringen. 2. Die Verkaufsmeldungen werden in eine Liste einge tragen, die dort für die Händler zur Einsichtnahme auslieat. 3. Außerdem werden die täglich bis Nachmittags 5 Uhr dort eingehenden Vcrkaufsmcldungen vervielfältigt und noch an demselben Abende unter der Adresse der ge meldeten Kaufliebhaber, soweit solche Händler sind, zur Post gegeben. 4. Diese Vermittelung erfolgt durch uuS kosten- und ge bührenfrei. Um außerdem die Aussteller vor der wiederholt gerügten Belästigung durch die Frage nach dem Verkauf von Meßmuslcrn Seiten des Privatpublikums zu schützen, hüben wir Plakate mit der Aufschrift: „Muster-Verkauf an Private findet nicht statt", drucken lassen, und geben solche zur Verwendung in den Ge schäftslokalen in unscrm obenbe^eichneten Geschäftszimmer un entgeltlich an die Aussteller ab, schicken sie auch auf Ersuchen zu. Leipzig, am 29. August 1902. Ter Rath der Stadt Leipzig. Il> -1012/01. Or. Tröndlin. Krumbiegel. Bekanntmachung. Wegen der beabsichtigten Verbreiterung der Windorfer Straße in Leipzig-Kleinzschochcr aus der Strecke von der Schulstraße bis zur Flurgrenze von Großzichocher wird hiermit in Gemäßheit des 8 35 des Allgemeinen Baugesetzes vom 1. Juli 1900 über das Gebiet der Flurstücke Nr. 1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 7, 164, 166, 174, 175 und 207 Les Flurbuchs sür Leipzig-Kleinzschocher die Ban sperre mit der Wirkung verhängt, daß Neu- und Vcränderunqsbauten nur insoweit genehmigt werden, als sie nicht die Durchführung dieser Straßenverbreiternng erschweren. Auch ist eine Theilung der vor bezeichneten Flurstücke nur mit Genehmigung der Baupolizeibehörde zulässig. Leipzig, am 28. August 1902. Der Rath der Stadt Leipzig. le. 398l. Ur. Tröndlin. Renker. Der Sparkassen-Ordnung gemäß werden a) die Sparbücher der Sparkasse Leipzig I 8sr. I Nr. 591l7. Lor. II Nr. 28 684, 102845, 102 874, 248 405, 350918, 417 774; d) die Quittungsscheine über die Sparbücher der Sparkasse Leipzig I 8vr. II Nr. 150 728, 305839, 337 852, 403 996, 424 162 hiermit sür ungiltig erklärt. Leipzig, den 30. August 1902. Der Rath der Stadt Leipzig. Lr. Tröndlin. Florenz. Ausschreibung. Für den Erweiterungsbau der Gasanstalt I Aorkstraße 21/23 soll die Anfertigung, Liescrnng nnd AnsstcUnng der drci- theilige» GaSbehälter-TclcScop-Glockc und der HanS- sührungen derselben sür den Ban des Gasbehälters Nr. X, der jetzt in Angriff genommen wird, vergeben werden. Die Angebotsheste und Zeichnungen können bei der Verwaltung der städtischen Gasanstalten in Leipzig-Connewitz, Gasanstalt II, cingtVhen werden. Die AngebotShefte werden zum Preise von je 3 ./L, die dazu gehörigen 8 Zeichnungen dagegen zum Preise von zusammen 20 ./L, oweit der Vorrath reicht, abgegeben. Die Angebote sind verschlossen und mit der Aufschrift: GaS- behältcr-Tclcscop-Glocke und Haussührnngcn dersribrn sirr den Ban des Gasbehälters Rr. X in Gasanstalt I versehen bis zum 25. September 1902, Nachmittags 4 Uhr an die Tevu- tation zu den Gasanstalten, Brühl 80, II. Obergeschoß, Zimmer Nr. 48, einzureichen. Der Rath der Stadt Leipzig behält sich jede Entschließung vor. Leipzig, ain I. September 1902. 6.1). Rex. Xo. 3917. Des RatheS der Stadt Leipzig I<? 4248. Deputation zu den Gasanstalten. Ausschreibung. Für den Erweiterungsbau der Gasanstalt I Dorkstraße 21/23 oll die Anfertigung, Liescrnng nnd Ausstellung der schrnicöe- ciscrncn Kuppcldach-tfonstrnctlon sür den Bau des Gasbehälters Nr. X, der jetzt in Angriff genommen wird, vergeben werden. Die Angebotshefte nnd Zeichnungen können bei der Verwaltung der städtischen Gasanstalten in Leipzig-Tonnewitz, Gasanstalt II, eingesehen werden. Die Angebotsheste werden zum Preise von je 3 Mark, die dazu gehörigen 4 Zeichnungen dagegen zum Preise von zusammen 10 Mark, soweit der Borrath reicht, abgegeben. Tie Angebote sind verschlossen und mit der Aufschrift: Kuppel dach für dcu Ban des Gasbehälters X in Gasanstalt I versehen, bis zum 25. September 1902, Nachmittags 4 Uhr an die Deputation zu den Gasanstalten, Brühl 80, II. Obergeschoß, Zimmer 48, einzureichen. Der Rath der Stadt Leipzig behält sich jede Entschließung vor. Leipzig, am 1. September 1902. 6. v. liex. Xr. 3948. Des RatheS der Stadt Leipzig Io" 4248. Deputation zn de» Gasanstalten. Bekanntlnachung. Das Wachlokal und die Bezirksmeldestelle der zur Zeit in dem ehemaligen Rathhause zu Leipzig-Eutritzsch untergebrachten 17. Polizeiwache wird am 3. September d. Js. nach dem, nach der Haupt-Straße zu gelegenen Nebengebäude deS vorgenannten Grundstücks verlegt, was hierdurch zur öffentlichen Kcnntniß gebracht wird. Leipzig, am 30. August 1902. Tas Polizeiamt der Stadt Leipzig. v. K. 4165. Bretschneider. Gefunden oder als herrenlos angemeldet wurden in der Zeit vom 16. bis 3l. August 1902 folgende Gegenstände: ein Betrag von 20 ./L lfür 1 ./L in Zahlung erhalten), Beträge von IO ./L und 3 ^4, 1 Geldtasche mit 8 ./L 44 Portemonnaies mit 5 3 4 ./L 7» 3 ./4 45 2 ./L 85 nnd 2 ./L 56 2 Täschchen mit 4 >l 27 und 3 Rä 3 1 Portemonnaie mit LeihhauSschein, 1 dcrgl. mit Tranring und Kelte, 2 silb. Tamcnnhrcn mit Kette, 1 Tamcn-Rcm.-ttlir von Stahl, I silb. Hcrrcnnhr mit cingrav. Namen, 1 silb. Hcrrcnnhr mit Kette, 1 gold. Medaillon, 1 goldener Armreif, 4 gold. Tamrnriuge, I Talmibrosche, 1 Korallen «Kette, 3 Klemmer, darunter 2 goldene, 3 Brillen, 2 Leihhausscheine, I Rückfahrkarte „Sangerhausen-Magdeburg", 1 schwarzledernes Cigarrenetui, 1 Plüsch-Rcisedccke, 2 schwarze Tamcnjackcn, davon eine mit Boa, 1 schwarzer Damenkragen, I schwarzseid. Schürze, I brauner Leinwaudkoffer mit Wüsche, 1 Plüsch-Reijetajche mit Sachen, 1 Uebcr- zieher und 1 Hut (vor mehreren Monaten vermnthlich gestohlen), 1 grauleinener Vorhang, 1 Damentäschchen mit Portemonnaie und Schlüssel, 1 Täschchen mit Reisemütze, 1 Buch, eine Anzahl Schlüssel, mehrere Schirme, 1 Tpazicrstock mit Elfenbcingrisf, I Fell unterlage, 1 Fahrradlaterne, 1 großer Hundeinaulkorb, 1 leinene Pferdedecke, 1 chinesische Nachtigall, 1 Wolfsspitz,, 1 Jagdhund und 1 schwarzer Dachshund. Zur Ermittelung der Eigenthümer wird dies hierdurch bekannt gemacht. Gleichzeitig wird darauf hingcwiesen, daß die im Juli und August 1901 bei uns eingeliefertcn Fundgegenstände, zu Lenen sich kein Eigenthümer gemeldet hat, von den Findern gegen gehörigen Ausweis in unserem Fundbureau wieder in Empjang genommen werden können. Leipzig, Len 1. September 1902. Tas Polizeiamt der Stadt Leipzig. Bretschneider. Ml. Ocffcntlichc Zustellung. Die Helene Ida geschiedene Heinrich geb. Knunth in Leipzig. Neureudnitz, vertreten durch Len Rechtsanwalt Or. List in Leipzig, klagt gegen den Friseur Paul Hugo Albert Heinrich, früher in Leipzig, jetzt unbekannten Aufenthalts, wegen einer Forderung von 8500 mit dem Anträge, Len Beklagten kostenpflichtig zu ver- urtheilen, an die Klägerin 8500 ./l nebst 4 "/, Zinsen vom Tage der Klagezustellung an gerechnet zu zahlen, Las Urthcil auch gegen Sicherheitsleistung sür vorläufig vollstreckbar zu erklären. Die Klägerin ladet den Beklagten zur mündlichen Verhandlung des Rechtsstreits vor die VIII. Civil-Kammer des Königlichen Land gerichts zu Leipzig auf dcu 15. November 1002, BormittagS i) Uhr, mit der Aufforderung, einen bei Lein gedachten Gerichte zugelasscncn Anwalt zu bestellen. Zum Zwecke der öffentlichen Zustellung wird dieser Auszug der Klage bekannt gemacht. Leipzig, den 18. August >902. Der GcrichtSschreibcr des Königlichen Landgerichts. In das GüterrcchtSrcgistcr ist heute eingetragen worden, daß Herr Arthur Richard Steuer, Gastwirth in Leipzig, das Recht seiner Frau Marie Margarethe geb. Wenke in Grimma innerhalb ihres bäuslichen Wirkungskreises seine Geschäfte sür ihn zu besorgen und ihn zu vertreten, ausgeschlossen hat. Leipzig, den 30. August 1902. Königliches Amtsgericht, Abth. Illi. Auf Blatt 11495 deS Handelsregisters sind heute die Firma Lantcrbach Kuhn in Leipzig (Neßstraße Nr. 18) und als deren Gesellschafter die Musikalienhändler Herr Earl August Lauterbach in Gautzsch und Herr Dr. plül. Max Richard August Kuhn in Leipzig eingetragen, auch ist verlautbart worden, daß die Gesellschaft am 30.
| 44,175 |
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EA%B2%BD%EB%AF%BC%20%28%EB%B0%B0%EC%9A%B0%29
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
하경민 (배우)
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https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=하경민 (배우)&action=history
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Korean
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Spoken
| 86 | 372 |
하경민(1981년 3월 17일 ~ )은 대한민국의 배우이다.
학력
동국대학교 연극영상학 학사
출연
영화
2016년 《탐정 홍길동: 사라진 마을》 - 경찰 6 역
2015년 《오늘의 연애》 - 한성구 역
2013년 《공범》 - 손광민 역
2012년 《내가 먼저 농담을 시작했다》 - 강호 역
2012년 《메모리스》
2011년 《특수본》 - 화장터 인부 역
드라마
《불야성》 (2017년, MBC)
《천년째 연애중》 (2016년, 웹드라마) - 장영실 역
《원티드》 (2016년, SBS)
《딴따라》 (2016년, SBS)
《킬미힐미》 (2015년, MBC)
각주
외부 링크
1981년 출생
살아있는 사람
대한민국의 남자 영화 배우
대한민국의 남자 텔레비전 배우
서울특별시 출신
| 5,553 |
https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%20%D2%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%29
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Сева (Кама ҡушылдығы)
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https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Сева (Кама ҡушылдығы)&action=history
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Bashkir
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Spoken
| 135 | 564 |
Сева — Рәсәйҙәге йылға. Пермь крайы, Киров өлкәһе, Удмурт Республикаһы биләмәләрендә аға. Йылға Кама йылғаһының һул ярына тамағынан 1667 км өҫтәрәк ҡушыла. Йылға оҙонлоғо 68 км.
Һыу реестры мәғлүмәттәре
Рәсәй дәүләт һыу реестры мәғлүмәте буйынса йылға Кама һыу бассейны округында урынлашҡан, һыу хужалығы участкаһы — Кама йылғаһы башынан Бондюг ауылы янындағы һыу үлсәү посына тиклем. Бәләкәй йылға бассейны (йылға эске бассейны) — Кама ҡушылдыҡтары бассейны, Ағиҙел ҡушылғанға тиклем, йылға бассейны — Кама.
Һыу ресурстарының федераль агентлығы тарафынан әҙерләнгән Рәсәй Федерацияһы территорияһын һыу хужалығы буйынса районлау геоинформация системаһы мәғлүмәттәре буйынса:
Дәүләт һыу реестрында һыу объектының коды — 10010100112111100000177
Гидрологик өйрәнеү (ГӨ) буйынса коды — 111100017
Бассейн коды — 10.01.01.001
ГӨ буйынса томы — 11
ГӨ буйынса сығарылыш — 1
Иҫкәрмәләр
Һылтанмалар
Рәсәй Федерацияһы тәбиғәт ресурстары һәм экология министрлығы
Пермь крайы йылғалары
Киров өлкәһе йылғалары
Удмуртия йылғалары
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US-54882706-A_4
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USPTO
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Open Government
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Public Domain
| 2,006 |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 2,360 | 5,054 |
E. Uehling, and S. L. Schreiber. 1989. A receptor for the immunosuppressant FK506 is a cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase. Nature. 341:758-60.- Hayward, C., D. Yohannes, and S. Danishefsky. 1993. Total synthesis of rapamycin via a novel titanium-mediated aldol macrocyclization reaction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:9345-9346.- Higuchi, T., and V. Stella. 1987. Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery systems.- Igaki, K. U.S. Pat. No. 6,413,272. 2002. Stent for vessel.- Ji, Q., M. Reimer, and T. El-Shourbagy. 2004. 96-Well liquid-liquid extraction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination of ABT-578 in human blood samples. Journal of Chromatography B. 805:67-75.- Kao. U.S. Pat. No. 5,120,725. 1992a. Bicyclic Rapamycins.- Kao. U.S. Pat. No. 5,120,727. 1992b. Rapamycin Dimers.- Kino, T., N. Inamura, F. Sakai, K. Nakahara, T. Goto, M. Okuhara, M. Kohsaka, H. Aoki, and T. Ochiai. 1987. Effect of FK-506 on human mixed lymphocyte reaction in vitro. Transplant Proc. 19:36-9.- Lafont, A., and P. Libby. 1998. The smooth muscle cell: sinner or saint in restenosis and the acute coronary syndromes? J Am Coll Cardiol. 32:283-5.- Luly. 1995. Macrocyclic Immunomodulators.- Martel, R. R., J. Klicius, and S. Galet. 1977. Inhibition of the immune response by rapamycin, a new antifungal antibiotic. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 55:48-51.- Marx, S. O., T. Jayaraman, L. O. Go, and A. R. Marks. 1995. Rapamycin-FKBP inhibits cell cycle regulators of proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res. 76:412-7.- Miller, M. L., and I. Ojima. 2001. Chemistry and chemical biology of taxane anticancer agents. Chem. Rec. 1:195-211.- Morris, R. 1992. Rapamycins: antifungal, antitumor, antiproliferative, and immunosuppressive macrolides. Transplant. Rev. 6:39-87.- Morris, R., and B. Meiser. 1989. Identification of a new pharmacologic action for an old compound. Med. Sci. Res. 17:609.- Nicolaou, K., T. Chakraborty, A. Piscopio, N. Minowa, and P. Bertinato. 1993. Total synthesis of rapamycin. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:4419-4420.- Okuhara, M., T. Hirokazu, G. Toshio, K. Tohru, and H. Hiroshi. EP Patent No. 0184162. 1986. Tricyclo compounds, a process for their production and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same.- Or, Y., J. Luly, and R. Wagner. U.S. Pat. No. 5,527,907. 1996. Macrolide immunomodulators.- Paiva, N. L., A. L. Demain, and M. F. Roberts. 1991. Incorporation of acetate, propionate, and methionine into rapamycin by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. J Nat Prod. 54:167-77.- Prescott, D. M. e. 1976 In Methods in cell biology. Vol. XIV. Academic Press., San Diego [etc.]. 33 et seq.- Rakhit. U.S. Pat. No. 4,316,885. 1982. Acyl Derivatives of Rapamycin.- Roche, E. 1987. Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design. American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press.- Roffi, M., and E. J. Topol. 2004. Percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 25:190-8.- Romo, D., S. Meyer, D. Johnson, and S. Schrieber. 1993. Total synthesis of (−)-rapamycin using an Evans-Tishchenko fragment coupling. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:7906-7907.- Sabatini, D. M., H. Erdjument-Bromage, M. Lui, P. Tempst, and S. H. Snyder. 1994. RAFT1: a mammalian protein that binds to FKBP12 in a rapamycin-dependent fashion and is homologous to yeast TORs. Cell. 78:35-43.- Schiff, P. B., and S. B. Horwitz. 1980. Taxol stabilizes microtubules in mouse fibroblast cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 77:1561-5.- Schwartz, R. 1992. Restenosis and the proportional neointimal response to coronary artery injury: results in a porcine model. J Am Coll Cardiol. 19:267-274.- Sehgal, S. N. U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,992. 1975. Rapamycin and Process of Preparation.- Sehgal, S. N. U.S. Pat. No. 3,993,749. 1976. Rapamycin and Process of Preparation.- Sehgal, S. N. 1998. Rapamune (RAPA, rapamycin, sirolimus): mechanism of action immunosuppressive effect results from blockade of signal transduction and inhibition of cell cycle progression. Clin Biochem. 31:335-40.- Sehgal, S. N. 2003. Sirolimus: its discovery, biological properties, and mechanism of action. Transplant Proc. 35:7 S-14S.- Sehgal, S. N., H. Baker, C. P. Eng, K. Singh, and C. Vezina. 1983. Demethoxyrapamycin (AY-24,668), a new antifungal antibiotic. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 36:351-4.- Sehgal, S. N., H. Baker, and C. Vezina. 1975. Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic. II. Fermentation, isolation and characterization. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 28:727-32.- Shichiri, M., Y. Hirata, T. Nakajima, K. Ando, T. Imai, M. Yanagisawa, T. Masaki, and F. Marumo. 1991. Endothelin-1 is an autocrine/paracrine growth factor for human cancer cell lines. J Clin Invest. 87:1867-71.- Siekierka, J. J., S. H. Hung, M. Poe, C. S. Lin, and N. H. Sigal. 1989. A cytosolic binding protein for the immunosuppressant FK506 has peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity but is distinct from cyclophilin. Nature. 341:755-7.- Stack, R., H. Clark, W. Wlaker, and J. McElhaney. U.S. Pat. No. 5,527,337. 1996. Bioabsorbable stent and method of making the same.- Stella. U.S. Pat. No. 4,650,803. 1987. Prodrugs of Rapamycin.- Surendra. U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,171. 1989. Use of Rapamycin in Treatment of Certain Tumors.- Suzuki, T., G. Kopia, S. Hayashi, L. R. Bailey, G. Llanos, R. Wilensky, B. D. Klugherz, G. Papandreou, P. Narayan, M. B. Leon, A. 1. A system for providing controlled release delivery of drugs fortreatment or inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia in a blood vessellumen, comprising: a composition including a therapeutic amount of afirst drug and a therapeutic amount of a second drug, wherein said firstdrug includes at least one olimus drug and their/its salts, prodrugs andderivatives thereof; and wherein said first drug is therapeuticallyeffective and, in the presence of said therapeutic amount of said seconddrug, complements activity of said second drug and wherein said seconddrug is therapeutically effective and, in the presence of saidtherapeutic amount of said first drug, complements activity of saidfirst drug.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein said activity ofsaid second drug is anti-inflammatory.
3. The system according to claim1, wherein said activity of said first drug is anti-proliferative. 4.The system according to claim 1, wherein said composition is associatedwith a medical device.
5. The system according to claim 4, wherein saidmedical device comprises a stent.
6. The system according to claim 4,wherein said medical device comprises an angioplasty balloon.
7. Thesystem according to claim 1, wherein said stent further comprises acoating on at least a portion of the surface of said stent.
8. Thesystem according to claim 7, wherein said composition is associated withthe coating.
9. The system according to claim 7, wherein said coatingcomprises a polymer.
10. The system according to claim 9, wherein saidpolymer comprises a phosphorylcholine polymer.
11. The system accordingto claim 9, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consistingof fluoropolymers, polyacrylates, silicones, resins, nylons, andpoly(amides).
12. The system according to claim 1, wherein saidtherapeutic amount of said olimus drug includes zotarolimus oreverolimus and is at least 1 μg/mm stent.
13. The system according toclaim 1, wherein said second drug is a glucocorticosteriod.
14. Thesystem according to claim 13, wherein said second drug is dexamethasoneand said therapeutic amount is at least 0.5 μg/mm stent.
15. The systemaccording to claim 1, further comprising a third therapeutic drug orsubstance.
16. The system according to claim 15, wherein said seconddrug and/or third therapeutic drug is selected from the group consistingof anti-proliferative agents, anti-platelet agents, anti-inflammatoryagents, anti-lipidemic agents, anti-thrombotic agents, thrombolyticagents, their salts, prodrugs, and derivatives or any combinationthereof.
17. The system according to claim 15, wherein said second drugand/or third therapeutic drug is a glucocorticosteriod comprising thegroup consisting of methylprednisolone, prednisolone, prednisone,triamcinolone, dexamethasone, mometasone, beclomethasone, ciclesonide,bedesonide, triamcinolone, clobetasol, flunisolide, loteprednol,budesonide, fluticasone, their salts, prodrugs, and derivatives or anycombination thereof.
18. The system according to claim 15, wherein saidsecond drug and/or third therapeutic drug is steroid hormone includingan estradiol and their/its salts, prodrugs, and derivatives or anycombination thereof.
19. The system according to claim 15, wherein saidsecond drug and/or third therapeutic drug is a member of the groupconsisting of small molecules and biologics that reduce inflammatorycytokine activity.
20. The system according to claim 15, wherein saidsecond drug and/or third therapeutic drug comprises an anti-TNFαtherapies consisting of the group adalimumab, anti-MCP-1 therapies, CCR2receptor antagonists, anti-IL-18 therapies, anti-IL-1 therapies andtheir salts, prodrugs, and derivatives, or any combination thereof. 21.The system according to claim 15, wherein said second drug and/or thirdtherapeutic drug comprises an anti-proliferative agent selected from thegroup consisting of alkylating agents including cyclophosphamide,chlorambucil, busulfan, carmustine and lomustine, anti-metabolitesincluding methotrexate, fluorouracil, cytarabine, mercaptopurine andpentostatin, vinca alkaloids including vinblastine and vincristine,antibiotics including doxorubicin, bleomycin and mitomycin, andproliferatives including cisplatin, procarbazine, etoposide andteniposide, their salts, prodrugs, and derivatives, or any combinationthereof.
22. The system according to claim 15, wherein said second drugand/or third therapeutic drug comprises an anti-platelet agent selectedfrom the group consisting of glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors includingabciximab, eptifibatide and tirofiban, adenosine reuptake inhibitorsincluding dipyridamole, ADP inhibitors including clopidogrel andticlopidine, cyclooxygenase inhibitors including acetylsalicylic acid,and phosphodiesterase inhibitors including cilostazol, their salts,prodrugs, and derivatives, or any combination thereof.
23. The systemaccording to claim 15, wherein said second. drug and/or thirdtherapeutic drug comprises an anti-inflammatory agent selected from thegroup consisting of steroids including dexamethasone, hydrocortisone,fluticasone, clobetasol, mometasone and estradiol, and non-steroidalanti-inflammatory agents including acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen,sulindac, piroxicam, mefanamic acid, those that inhibit binding ofcytokines or chemokines to receptors to inhibit pro-inflammatorysignals, including antibodies to IL-1, IL-2, IL-8, IL-15, IL-18 and TNF,their salts, prodrugs, and derivatives, or any combination thereof. 24.The system according to claim 15, wherein said second drug and/or thirdtherapeutic drug comprises an anti-thrombotic agent selected from thegroup consisting of heparins including unfractionated heparins andlow-molecular weight heparins including clivarin, dalteparin,enoxaparin, nadroparin and tinzaparin, direct thrombin inhibitorsincluding argatroban, hirudin, hirulog, hirugen, their salts, prodrugs,and derivatives, or any combination thereof.
25. The system according toclaim 15, wherein said second drug and/or third therapeutic drugcomprises an anti-lipidemic agent selected from the group consisting ofHMG CoA reductase inhibitors including mevastatin, lovastatin,simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, fibric acid derivatives includingfenofibrate, clofibrate, gemfibrozil, lipid-lowering agents includingnicotinic acid, probucol, their salts, prodrugs, and derivatives or anycombination thereof.
26. The system according to claim 15, wherein saidsecond drug and/or third therapeutic drug comprises thrombolytic agentsselected from the group consisting of streptokinase, urokinase,pro-urokinase, tissue plasminogen activators including alteplase,reteplase, tenectaplase, their salts, prodrugs, and derivatives, or anycombination thereof.
27. The system according to claim 1, wherein saidsecond drug is dexamethasone and said therapeutic amount is at least 1μg/mm stent.
28. The system according to claim 3, wherein saidantiproliferative activity of said first drug reduces formation ofneointima by at least 25% versus a non-drug eluting stent in a porcinecoronary injury model with 30% overstretch.
29. The system according toclaim 1, wherein said drugs have a combination index less than or equalto
10. 30. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a ratioof said therapeutic amount of said first drug to said therapeutic amountof said second drug of 1:10 to 10:1.
31. The system according to claim3, wherein the antiproliferative effect of said first drug complementsthe antiproliferative effect of said second drug and reduces formationof neointima by at least 30% versus non-drug eluting stents in a porcineinjury model with 30% overstretch.
32. A pharmaceutical composition forreducing neointimal hyperplasia administered locally, comprisingzotarolimus or everolimus and dexamethasone, wherein said zotarolimus oreverolimus and said dexamethasone are in a ratio of between about 10:1to about 1:10.
33. A pharmaceutical composition for reducing neointimalhyperplasia administered locally, comprising at least one olimus drugand at least one second drug which is a glucocorticosteriod, whereinsaid olimus drug(s) and said glucocorticosteriod(s) are in a ratio ofbetween about 10:1 to about 1:10.
34. The pharmaceutical compositionaccording to claim 33, wherein endothelialization is acceleratedrelative to a single drug eluting stent.
35. The system according toclaim 33, further comprising a third therapeutic drug or substance. 36.The system according to claim 33, wherein said second drug and/or thirdtherapeutic drug is selected from the group consisting ofanti-proliferative agents, anti-platelet agents, anti-inflammatoryagents, anti-lipidemic agents, anti-thrombotic agents, thrombolyticagents, their salts, prodrugs, and derivatives or any combinationthereof.
37. The system according to claim 33, wherein said second drugand/or third therapeutic drug is a glucocorticosteriod comprising thegroup consisting of methylprednisolone, prednisolone, prednisone,triamcinolone, dexamethasone, mometasone, beclomethasone, ciclesonide,bedesonide, triamcinolone, clobetasol, flunisolide, loteprednol,budesonide, fluticasone, their salts, prodrugs, and derivatives or anycombination thereof.
38. The system according to claim 33, wherein saidsecond drug and/or third therapeutic drug is steroid hormone includingan estradiol and their/its salts, prodrugs, and derivatives or anycombination thereof.
39. The system according to claim 33, wherein saidsecond drug and/or third therapeutic drug is a member of the groupconsisting of small molecules and biologics that reduce inflammatorycytokine activity.
40. The system according to claim 33, wherein saidsecond drug and/or third therapeutic drug comprises an anti-TNFαtherapies consisting of the group adalimumab, anti-MCP-1 therapies, CCR2receptor antagonists, anti-IL-18 therapies, anti-IL-1 therapies andtheir salts, prodrugs, and derivatives, or any combination thereof. 41.The system according to claim 33, wherein said second drug and/or thirdtherapeutic drug comprises an anti-proliferative agent selected from thegroup consisting of alkylating agents including cyclophosphamide,chlorambucil, busulfan, carmustine and lomustine, anti-metabolitesincluding methotrexate, fluorouracil, cytarabine, mercaptopurine andpentostatin, vinca alkaloids including vinblastine and vincristine,antibiotics including doxorubicin, bleomycin and mitomycin,antiproliferatives including cisplatin, procarbazine, etoposide andteniposide, their salts, prodrugs, and derivatives, or any combinationthereof.
42. The system according to claim 33, wherein said second drugand/or third therapeutic drug comprises an anti-platelet agent selectedfrom the group consisting of glycoprotein HB/IER inhibitors includingabciximab, eptifibatide and tirofiban, adenosine reuptake inhibitorsincluding dipyridamole, ADP inhibitors including clopidogrel andticlopidine, cyclooxygenase inhibitors including acetylsalicylic acid,and phosphodiesterase inhibitors including cilostazol, their salts,prodrugs, and derivatives, or any combination thereof.
43. The systemaccording to claim 33, wherein said second drug and/or third therapeuticdrug comprises an anti-inflammatory agent selected from the groupconsisting of steroids including dexamethasone, hydrocortisone,fluticasone, clobetasol, mometasone and estradiol, and non-steroidalanti-inflammatory agents including acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen,sulindac, piroxicam, mefanamic acid, those that inhibit binding ofcytokines or chemokines to receptors to inhibit pro-inflammatorysignals, including antibodies to IL-1, IL-2, IL-8, IL-15, IL-18 and TNF,their salts, prodrugs, and derivatives, or any combination thereof. 44.The system according to claim 33, wherein said second drug and/or thirdtherapeutic drug comprises an anti-thrombotic agent selected from thegroup consisting of heparins including unfractionated heparins andlow-molecular weight heparins including chvarin, dalteparin, enoxaparin,nadroparin and tinzaparin, direct thrombin inhibitors includingargatroban, hirudin, hirulog, hirugen, their salts, prodrugs, andderivatives, or any combination thereof.
45. The system according toclaim 33, wherein said second drug and/or third therapeutic drugcomprises an anti-lipidemic agent selected from the group consisting ofHMG CoA reductase inhibitors including mevastatin, lovastatin,simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, fibric acid derivatives includingfenofibrate, clofibrate, gemfibrozil, lipid-lowering agents includingnicotinic acid, probucol, their salts, prodrugs, and derivatives or anycombination thereof.
46. The system according to claim 33, wherein saidsecond drug and/or third therapeutic drug comprises thrombolytic agentsselected from the group consisting of streptokinase, urokinase,pro-urokinase, tissue plasminogen activators including alteplase,reteplase, tenectaplase, their salts, prodrugs, and derivatives, or anycombination thereof..
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bub_gb_q_evOLeiK-gC_6
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Italian-PD
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,756 |
Lettere curiose o sia Corrispondenza istorica, critica filosofica, e galante fra tre amici viaggiatori in diverse parti del mondo. Traduzione dal francese di Melibeo Sampogna, con alcune piccole, ma importanti annotazioni. ... Tomo primo ottavo Dalla lettera 171. sino alla lettera 178
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None
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Italian
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Spoken
| 7,142 | 11,885 |
Quella compiacenza però riori confitte in una vile condifcendcnza a tutto ciò , che può lufin- gatè i defiderj difordinati della conforte ; nel ve- derla con occhio tranquillo fcialacquare la fua fa- coltà , calpettaré la fua riputazione 4 e mettere in élecuzione tutto ciò , che le fuggerifee il capric- cio. Ma confitte nel farle conofcere fenz’ afprez- za i e con ragione gli errori , ne’ quali ella po- trebbe cadere , allontanamela , e riconduca per le firade più amabili 4 e più dolci al fuo dovere , concedendole con grazia tutto ciò , che può one- ftamente defiderare giufta la fua condizione , e per quanto lo può permettere Io flato de’ proprj affa- ri ; non apporli a fuoi piacéri innocenti 4 co’ qua- li ella vuol trattenerli ; prevenirla fopra quanto atte volte domandar non ardifee ; rtiottrarle Tem- pre un umore eguale 4 un volto aperto , e fince- ro ; una confidenza faggia , prudente ; farle , ma con cautela , je carezze 4 che piacciono ad effa y non dirle mai direttamente in faccia cofe fpiacevo- li fopra ciò , ch’ella defidererebbe , e potrebbe non piacere al marito > ma prendere dei mezzi termini ' , o per J : Digitìzed by Google /. / * * '-V 6 per impegnarla a diftorfene dà fe (lelTa , o per fargliene perdere il defiderio coll’ impoffibilità , o difficoltà del (uccellò ; non negarle giàmmai cos’ alcuna , fenza farle , fe è poffibile , concepire * ed approvare le ragioni della negativa ,* e finalmen- te non (offrire ' per quanto fi può cos’ alcuna , nella cafa , che offender poffa 1* animo j o la vi? {la. , Quella compiacenza non difiruggé 1* autorità le- gittima d’ un marito , anzi per lo contrario più fo- damente la ftabilifce , guadagnando il cuore, che dee (fare fuggetto u Ma la quarta cofa necclfaria pef mantenere la tranquillità domenica fi è il non ca- dere nella cieca firavaganza di gelofia. Ho det- to i che 1‘ amof d’ un maritò verfo là moglie , dev’ effere fondato (opra la fiima ; Ora , fe il ma- rito fiima veramente fua moglie t farà perfuafo di fua v^rtù , e confiderà cortfeguentemente in efTa \ e quell’ appunto difirUgge la gelofia. La gelofia ha le fue due eftremità viziofe . Il fuo trafporto indifereto * ed una confidenza eccedi - • Va • _ Così allorché pretendo efiliare la gelofia dal - , *° (pirite d’ un marito , nori gli vieto però di tè- nere un occhio prudente falla coridotta di fua ma- glie per prevenire , fiornare , o rompere tinti gl* impegni , ne’ quali ella poteffe entrare fuor di ra- gione . Ma in véce che un marito , pazzamente gè- v. L Digitized by Google gelofo, po/Ta confervare'il ripofo domcflico , fi procuri ' non Solo un’inquietudine mortale a se fleffo , e de’ perpe- tui di fgutti alla moglie; ma le apre ancora il cammino all’infedeltà, non elfendovi colà, che piu alteri l’animo d’una donpa, quanto il vedere , che ti diffida di lei; è; Siccome dittici Intente un cuore puh ftar lenz’ andare , così fubito eh’ ella ceffa d’ aver dell’ amore per co- lui , al quale ne è debitrice, bifogna necefTariamen- te che ne Concepisca per qualcheduno i à cui non lo tfeeC 4 . , Non ottante tuttociò , vi Sonò degli accidenti i che mettono fenza dubbio la cottanza umana ad una delle più dure pruove , che Soffrir porta ; ma in quelli cafi , quanto più il colpo è duro a Soffrire , tanto più è ncceffario , che l’ uomo raddoppi le file: forzò, per mitigare il Suo male; e Siccome la grani dezza di quello male confitte neli’erter pubblico; co- si quanto più può reprimere il rumore del Suo in- fortunio, tanto più egli è Saggio. So eh’ è importi,, bile ad un uomo iS conferva per una infedele l’a- more , che aveva per erta ; ma Se può avere forza Sufficiente di Spirito per confervare con effa lei, un* aria efteriore, che impedìifea la domeftica perturba- zione , farà di gran lunga meglio , che aggiugneré all’ ingiuria ; che ha ricevuta , la rovina di Sua fa- migli.! . ". Non pretendo già con ciò ,* eh’ ei faccia eos’ al- cuna , la quale non pòrta nè autorizzare , nè aiu- tare un dilordine , che lo ; affligge , e la cui par- tecipazione più lo disonorerebbe della cofa ittef- ia . Non voglio , eli’ ei fia Simile a quel Roma- no , che fingeva 'di profondamente dormire alla menfa , mentre Sua moglie era fra le braccia di Mecenate , e cogliendo fui fatto uno fchiàvo , «he tacitamente prendeva un fiafeo , gli ditte , che dor- miva per Mecenate , ma non per un furfante Tu- bature di fiafehi. Tutt’ i mariti di tal faìtta fono tanti profanatori del Sacro' legame , indegni del nóme di marito , c dovrebbon clfcre pubblicameli - A « • / > \ ' ■ • i Digitized by Google . *®3 te ffuflafi , per riparare all 1 oltraggici che fanno ad una unione sì fama . Ma non biafimo meno un marito , il quale pop contentandoli del luo difonore domeiìico , e della fama , che ne corre fra coloro ? che il conofcono , ne fa egli lìdio una pubblica voce, c fomminifira materia di divertimento alle convenzio- ni . Ciò ha tanto più luogo , quando vedcfi non ef- fere imponibile , che una moglie , caduta una volta per debolezza, o per altra cagione, rientri nella lira- da della virtù. Se un’ uomo fervei! con prudenza delle quat- tro cofe da me accennate , ofo alierire , che gli ba- tteranno per vivere in un grato ripofo , purché fu* moglie Ca ragionevole . Ma per mantenere code- tto ripofo domefiico, uno de’ mezzi maggiori fi è | che la fortuna fia bene inabilita , perchè la prò- „ fperità fomminittra un’ aria tranquilla , copie 1’ in- digenza arieca della perturbazione , e dell’ inquie- tudine . Bitogna dunque confiderar ora le obbiga- zioni del marito nella direzione , che dee tenere per la propria fortuna . Imperciocché ficcome ap- partiene ad etto il tenere il timone della Barca , e quanto per ordinario fa la moglie è ubbidire a fuoi ordini per giugnere a buon porro : così dee apportarvi maggior cautela , maggior vigilanza , e maggiore in- duftria. La prima obbligazion del marito verfp la mo- glie, quanto alle facoltà , fi è !’♦ aver cura-, che la di lei dote fia prontamente , chiaramente , ed inte- ramente pagata , per non lafciare con una par-' te non rilcotta le fementi d’ una lite domeftica o a .se ttefTo , o ad una vedova, o a’ figliuoli . Con- viene pofeia , eh’ ei regoli la fpefa della fua cafa a proporzione della fua Entrata , dimodoché 1* ufcita non oltrepatti giammai 1’ introito . Imperciocché quando un uomo comincia a manomettere colla fua fpefa ordinaria le fue facoltà , è quafi irapottìbile , che più ritorni al fuo primiero flato , perchè le ren- dite non vengono con efattezza , e qualunque mi- V ' fura' a v » Digitized by Google I i 1Q Tua li prenda quanto alla fpefa, fovraggiungono fem- preinai tanti accidenti 5 che trovali in capo all" anno l'entrata più debole, e 1 * ufcita maggiore di quello ave vali penfato. Se un’ Uomo entrato nel maritaggio non impo- ne coteila regola a sé fteffb , è difficile che tro- vi l’ occafione di farla . La ragione è in pronto ; perchè la femmina , la quale ama naturalmente il jufTo , (pende in que’ principi con tanta minor ri- -flelfione , quanto più eli’ è d’ ordinario in un’ età. , che non le lafcia fcorgere le conteguenze : Così un’ uomo , che vuol avere attenzione al (odo (fa- biìimento di fua famiglia , dee da principio rego- larli , e metter Tua moglie ad una mifura di fpe- fa , che porta efTerc (eippre egualmente follenuta. Bisogna riilporre di tal maniera la fpefa , che una femmina porta trovarvi la fua (oddisfazione , cioè le cofe che fono dovute al luo efteriore , fecondo la fua condizione , e le fue facoltà. Imperciocché fe è pe- ricolofo per 1’ intere (Te il foffrire che una moglie mandi in rovina colla licenza d’ una folle fpela ; non è alle volte men pericolofo per 1 ’ onore il ne- garle le cofe , che fono ad erta dovute per la decen- za erteriore ; per timore, ch’ella cerchi d’avere per iftrade indirette ciò, che non può ottenere per le le- gittime. Parlando di regolare la fpefa , e di procurarli la domerticà tranquillità , vi comprendo una cola im- portantidìma , eh’ è la diligenza, che dee avere un marito nell’ allontanare dalla fua cafa tutt’ i difor- dini , che fono introdotti dal giuoco , dai piaceri , e fpecialmente nel vietarle ogni familiarità d’ ami- cizie pericolofe . Non voglio dire con ciò , che una femmina non pratichi fe non con femmine . Imper- ciocché la focietà di certe femmine è molto più con- tagiofa di quella di tutti gli uomini infieme. Ve ne fono delle avvelenatrici d’ anime , che s’ intro- ducono predo le giovani , e (otto pretefto di bu- farle , mettono nell’ animo loro col mezzo di per- ' niziofi ' • , • Digitized by Google ( fi* niziofi configli una contazione infelice , che loro infirma il difpregio del marito , lo fpirito del do* minio*, c finalmente quello della difcordu ; e per- chè vi pofiano giugnere , le impegnano infenfibil- mente in folli ipeie , da quali traggono elleno def- fc profitto . Imperciocché egli è un grand’ errore il credere , che gli uomini fieno qpelli , che più gua- ftin le femmine . Elleno fianno in guardia contro d* elfi ; ma le femmine fono quelle , che per lo più vicendevolmente fi guadano , e dacché una di que- ftc corruttrici fi è impofledata fatto il velame del- la confidenza dello fpirito tenero , e pieghevole d’ una giovane , è un miracolo fe non la conduce al precipizio . Si potrebbono allegare quali tanti elempj di ciò , quante fi vedono mogli fviate ; e le tutte volelfero cont'elTare la verità , poche ve ne farebbono , che non confedalfero efiTer elleno debi- trici dal lorp fviamento alle feduzioni d’ una fem- mina corruttrice . Bilògna dunque , che un’ uomo metta ogni odervazione fopra ’i carattere dello fpiri. to delle femmine, che rendonfi famigliai di fua mo- glie , e prevenga , e rompa ogni focjetà di quelle ^ eh’ ei conofce prodighe , e fediziofe. Dopoché 1’ uomo ammogliato ha {labilità la fua fpefa , fecondo il fuo potere , bifogna che giuda la fua profedione , e giuda la fua capacità irti pieghi la fua indudria per giugnere ad una fortuna maggiore di quella, con cui entra nel mondo. L’amore , che dee avere per fua moglie , e ’1 delìderio di allevare i fuòi figliuoli , debbon edere due continui dimoli per eccitare il fuo fpirito a ritrovar mezzi giudi per accrescere il capitale di fua facoltà, e per aumentar- ne la rendita. Avendo foddisfatto il marito a quede obbliga- zioni per idabilire il fuo domedico ripofo , e la fua fortuna , dee foddisfare anche all’ altre , che ri- guardano 1’ cducazion de’ figliuoli , e debbon édere confidente in tre dati . L’ uno rifguarda il cibo , c ’) mantenimento ; 1’ altro la loro idruzione ; e 1’ »Ui- Digitized by Google iìz ultimo il lor« ftabilimento, ed impiego. Codeiìe obbligazioni fono comuni al marito , e4 alla moglie , e debbon effere entrambi in ciò indi- flintamente aramaeflrati , benché le obbligazioni del padre partano da un amor? piò nohile, e quelle della madre da un amore piò tenero . Ma entriamo nella loro prima obbligazione* eh’ è quella del cibo * e del mantenimento de’ figliuoli . Non dee mai un S adre affliggerfi per vederli carico d’ un gran numero i figliuoli.,- perche la Providenza , la quale non ab- bandona il minimo Uccelletto, non abbandonerò lui neppure. Cosi la moltitudine de’ figliuoli è una bene- dizione ; e in vece di lagnarli della Providenza , fi ; dee ringraziarla. Qualunque fia il numero de’ figliuoli dati da Dio t bilogna riceverli con piacere , e con confidenza „ c nodrirli , e mantenerli tutti fecondo fa facoltà par- ticolare , fenz’ attenerfi nè ad un vile rifparmio , che gli avvilifca , nè a ftravaganti eccelli , che lo- ro ifpirino dell’ orgoglio, ed eccitino il rifo di co- loro, che li veggono . Bilogna fin dalla lor gio r ventò fpignerli ad effere virtuofi colla modeflia , e colla temperanza , non potendofi ecceder giam- mai nell’ imprimere in efli e 1' una, e 1’ altra . Non bada dunque il penfare a foilenere la vita anima- le , che loro fi ha data , e a nodrire i loro corpi , ma bifogna penfare a fomminiflrare all’ anime lo- ro le irruzioni opportune , per diflinguerfi virtuo- famente nella profefTione , che abbracciare vorran- no ; e fopra ciò un padre non dee rifparmiar co$’ alcuna , perchè le ricchezze , eh’ ei lafcia a’ fuoi figliuoli , ponno perire \ ma qualunque infortunio loro fucceda , fempre ad erti reflano le virtù , e le feienze . Quanto 1' anima e fuperiore al corpo, tan- ,to la buona iflruzipne è fuperiore al buon alimen- to . Ma la prima e piò utile di tutte le iflruzioni fi è, il dare a’ figliuoli un buon efempio ; poiché non v’ ha il più perniziofo porruttpre della gioven- tù , quanto il mal efempio di coloro , che, ad efli # Digitized by Google fovraftano , come perfettamente Mprime Giuvenale (*)i e fe alcuni di loro allevati nell# diffolutczza , e nel vizio , riefeon bene, ciò dee più attribuirti a certe difpofizioni antipatiche di bontà , per le quali hanno prefo orrore del- la condotta , che avevano tortogli occhi ; com' altri per lo contrario , ftante unapeflìma inclinazione al vizio , hanno abbracciata la ftrada cattiva , malgrado la virtù di coloro , che prefiedevano ad erti. Per quello poi risguarda lo ftabilimento , e 1* im- piego de’ figliuoli, bilogna, chq‘1 padre, e la madrs pon coftringano giammai la loro inclinazione ; perchè la natura fomminiftra il genio alle cole , alle quali ' fiamo atti. Taluno, p/r cagione d’ efempio, adempi- rebbe perfettamente la fua obbligazione nella profeflì- on della fpada , che viene coftretto da un Padre ad abbracciare lo ftato Ecclefiallico , per avanzarne un altro nella Toga , che larebbe più atto a nafeonder- fi in un Chiofiro . Ma allorché finalmente la rifolu- zione è prefa fopra lo ftabilimento de figliuoli , è ob- bligazione de’ padri il fare tutto ciò che umanamente ponno per bene affodarli, lenza però far la fciocchez- za di fpogliarfi d’ ogni co fa , fino a dipendere' della mifericordia de’ loro figliuoli , i quali fono quali fem- pre ingrati , ed impazienti di vederli liberati da una obbligazione , che viene da elfi confiderata come un gran pefo . A quello propofito non fo qual furore ab- bia indotta la cecità de’ padri di andare a piedi nella loro vecchiezza , per far (traforiate la gioventù da una fuperba carrozza , e di rovefeiar 1’ ordine della natu- ra , rendendo la vita de’ padri dipendente dalla dire- zione de’ loro figliuoli . Cosi egli è neceffario , che un padre ed una madre ollervino la vita di mezza Tomo Vili. H nello (a) citi us noi Corrumpunt vitiorum exetnpla dcmcjìica , rnugnis Cum fubeunt animos , Aucloribut. v Digitized by Google 1 14 Hello lìabilimento de’ loro figliuoli ; inguifachè pena- no in primo luogo ad affiorare se HelTì , e facciali po* fcia tutto ciò , che umanamente ponno pel loro avan- zamento. Entriam’ ora nelle obbligazioni della moglie , <• vediamo ciò , eh’ è obbligata a fare per concorre- re con fuo marito al ri polo domeflico , e alle di- ligenze f eh’ ei prende per lo ilabilimento di lof fortuna comune . 11 paltò dell’ Apposolo da me citato , che racchiude tutte le obbligazioni del ma- rito , tutti ancora contiene i doveri della moglie , nell’ ubbidienza , xhe le è' preferitta . In fatti Ac- corrle il fuo ripofo domeflico non è turbato se non dalla divifiòtle de’ fentimenti delle due parti , é quella diverfità de fentimenti non è , che un di- fetto di fommeflione , eh’ è una difubbidienza at- tuale , così è facile il vedere , cbt Iddio dar nota potea una legge più grulla , e piò utile alla fem- mina , l quanto il comandarle d’ ubbidire al proprio manto. In .quella ubbidienza io non pongo altra limi- tazione , se non quella , che v’ è polla dalla co- feienza , c dall’ onore ; ma fino a tanto che o 1*. lina , o 1’ altra non reftano offefi , bilogna , che la moglie fia affatto compiacente pe’ voleri di fuq marito ; il che confille nel cbnofcere , e penetra- re i fuoi defiderj , ’ prevenirli , e conformavi!! , di- modoché di due volontà non se ne feorga che una fola' . Ma quello elfere compiacente richiede , per effer perfetto , tre cofe : un gran rifpetto per fuo marito ; una dolcezza infirmante » ed una gran deilrezza nello fchivare di dargli alcun fuggettò di rammarico . Avrà del rifpetto fubito che avrò della (lima , e rifletterà , che fuo marito è il capo di fua famiglia ; eh’ ella non ha fplendofé , ed ono- re , se nqn per partecipazione di quello, di fuo ma- rito ; e che gli è ft.ata data per adjutrire , e non per padrona . Ma il fuo interelfe propr A dee poe- tarla a quello rifpetto ; perche dee p..-ijadcrfi , eh’ I • eh’ elja non farà rifpettata da’ fuoi figliuoli , nè da fuoi domeftici , se non a proporzione del ritpet- to , che avrà per fuo marito . La ragione è mo-1- to chiara . V' ha nella famiglia una certa fubof- di nazione {labilità , che rende )’ uomo fuperiore al a moglie , ed ammendue fuperiori a’ figliuoli , e a’ domeflici . Ora dacché gl’ inferiori veggono 9 che i’ ordine è feonvoito , é che la moglie man- ca al dover fuo , 1’ efempio de! fuo errare gi ? indur ce parimenti ad errare . Oltre di che una moglie mancando al rifperto , di cui è debitrice , s’ atti- ra lenza dubbio de’ diigudi dal marito., difortachè i doineltici vedendo , che la (beffa non è folle nuca dal padrone, (3 prendono la libertà di non rifpettarla. Co- sì una moglie non ha un mezzo piti ficuro di man- tenete la fua famiglia nel rifpetto, che le è dovuto,-, ? [ua-uo il contenerla pila della -nel ricetto, che dee,# uo marito. La dolcezza infinuante è la feconda qualità che dev’ edere unita all’ elfer compiacente . Confi- tte quella nel parlare fenz’ afprezza al proprio ma- rito , e mojto più nel non trafeendere fino all" in- giurie , nell’ entrare in tutto c.ò , che defilerà, nel lecondare i fuoi innocenti piaceri ; nel fare una grata accoglienza a’ fuoi a nici ; nel non prendere a biafimare a torto la fua condotta^ , neh’ accarez- zarlo con non minor tenerezza , • che- modei'tia ; e •nei fargli concepire colle proprie parole , e colle -proprie azioni , che non vuoic ->u f urparfi dominio alcuno fovra di .lui f Quelli ^-fi è uu mezzo ficuro,, -perche ei le coqfervi tutto 1’ affetto poiché final r mente ogni moglie dee pervaderli , che quanto piu ella mottra di voler edere padrona , tanto me- no ella vi giugne , e quanto meno lafcia feorgeré voler prendere autorità , tanto più le è laicista da -fuo marito . Ella dunque non idabdirà giammai il fuo dominio , -nè coll’ afpretza , nè coll’ alterìgia ma a forza d’ infinuarfì co! mezzo cP una dolcezza compiacente nell’ animo di luo. marito., il quale 2 non I / Digitized by Google * 16 nen vuol mai, che gli fia tolto a viva forza cib^che vuol laiciare di buona voglia , procurerà d* acquetarli U fuo affetto , ed avrà cenleguentemente più dominio 9 di quello che otterrebbe per altre vie. Oltre il rifletto , e la dolcezza , 1* eflere compia- cente, domanda ancora una grande prudenza , per ifchivare tutte le occafioni di dar difgulto al ma- viro o con parole oltraggiofe , le quali fono inde» gne d’ una Donna d’ onore , o con rimprocci pu» gnenti , o con oppofizioni odiofe , o finalmente con azioni , che gli difpiacciano , o colla veduta di perfone , che non fiano di fuo genio . Quelle femmine , che cercar vogliono nel lor domellico ripofo la felicità del maritaggio , non ponno giu» gnere a quello fine , se non coll’ eflere perfetta- mente compiacente , nè eflere perfettamente tali t se non tolgono dalla villa de’ loro mariti tutti gli oggetti , che loro difpiacciono , per qualunque al» lèttamento trovare vi pollano , Non dee fimilmen- te un marito dal canto fuo efigere da una moglie , eh’ ella fi privi di quanto pub contribuire a* Tuoi pia- ceri innocenti ; ma 1’ eflere compiacente dell’ una, portando feco 1’ eflere compiacente dell’ altro , deb- . fcon folo procurar di concorrere »1U loro vicendevole foddisfazione , Dopo (labilità in tal guifa la pace domellica dai canto della moglie coll’ eflere in tutto compiacente verfo’l marito 4 , lo ftabijimento di lor fortuna comu- ne elìge dell’ altre obbligazioni dalla medefima . Sic- come (opra la vigilanza dcL marito, e foprala di lui fatica fi raggira l’acquillo elleriore delle ricchezze , co- si fopra l’economia delia moglie raggirali il rifparmio interiore della dotpeflica fpefa . li marito dee affati- carli nell* univerfale della fortuna , e la moglie nej particolare . Ella è dunque fua obbligazione 1’ efegui- re con prudenza cib , che il marito ha regolato con faviezza , e farlo lenza fordida avarizia, e fenza inu- til fcralacquo. Ella dee in quel, che risguarda sè lief- fa , fuggire ne* faoi abiti, nel fuo equipaggio , e nf' , , " , fuoi Digitized by Google Cuoi mobili , gli eccedi di ludo , e di magnificenza , che vuotan lo Scrigno , e coftringano fovente a pri- varci del necedario , per correre dietro al Superfluo. Bifogna , che giuda la fua condizione ella umica la modedia colla proprietà , e nuli' abbia , che non fia approvato dalla decenza , e poffa edìere condannato dall* invidia. Quanto a' fuoi domedici , bifogna ch'el- la nulla rifparmj per averli virtuofi , e fedeli ,• perche a qualunque codo fi comprino di queda tempra, fono jenrpre a buon mercato. Sieno fenza fuperfluità, one- damente nodriti , vediti con proprietà , e pagati con efattezza . Non venga artefice alcuno a (ereditare la pro- pria cafa, colla privazione, o eoi troppo lungo indu- gio di qiianto gli è dovuto . Fugga la compagnia di quei Damerini di profelfiane, o di quelle femmine ap- plicate alla moda , che altro non cercano , fenonchè didinguerfi colle loro fciocche fpefe . Confidcri il giuo- co eccedente come una delle pedi piò pericolofe del mondo, e non fi lafci muovere giammai da quell’ am- bizioso furore, che fa defiderare tutto ciò , che fi ve- de negli altri di brillante , e di nuovo. Tutte quede circodanze , richiede in uaa femmina per avere la pace con fuo marito , fanno chiaramente vedere quanto fia difficile il ritrovarla. Quegli però ,a cui T ha conceda il Cielo benigno , dee confervarla con tutta la Sollecitudine, perche la pupilla del fuo oc- chio non è sì preziofa , quanto un teforo di codeda natura . Il padre , e la madre fono quelli, che danno la vita , e le facoltà j ma Iddio folo concede la buo- na moglie , ed quedi un raro dono della fua mano * La corona d’ un marito fi è una moglie, che lo ama : 1* ufo ha fuperaro quefto dovere, e fembra , che uq» moglie non faccia oggidì profeffione di prendere per marito un uorpo, se non per piò non amarlo, dacché gli è debitrice di tutto il fuo amore. Ciò può accadere per varj motivi ; ma ejl’ è un» confeguenza dell’ umana debolezza; e dall* altra parte 1’ anima nata naturalmente libera , abborrifee ogni vio- lenza . L’ amore Spezialmente è quelle , che vuol ope- H 3 . ra- Digitized by Google rare con maggior libertà ; cosi dacché il cuore fi ri- bella contro la necelfità , che vuole coflrignerlo , ei cerca una nuova propenfione verfo un nuovo oggetto. Quella per vero dire fi è la forgente di tutt’i dilordi- m , che .(convolgono le famiglie ; ma la eofa è aliai reciproca dai canto degli uomini. E a dire il vero io non conofco cosa più rara in quello mondo * quanto uri marito* ed una moglie* che fi amino entrambi per lungo tempo, e con vicendevole amore ; poiché fer»- pre 1’ uno de’.due comincia a difgullarfi , e ’l fuo di- fgulVo produce ben pretto uri limile effetto nel cuore affòciaro . Ma che può farli? Tutto ciò, eh’ è mor- tale, è incollante , e fuggetto alla mutazione; L’in-. cotlanza fi è una partè del diletto dell’animo umano; non truova rimedio più efficace contro i nimici della vita, che la verità de’ luoghi, e dell’ azioni; e non v’ha cofa tanto grata in terra , che non divenga nojofa , se 'è priva di cangiamento-. *• •, *• t > • Ecco tutto ciò , eh’ io trovo a dire di più plaufi- bi le. lovra qùetla importante materia. Bramo j Amioo cariilimo , che.i miei pensamenti vi tornino a grado , ■e che Seguiate a confiderarmi ec; * . i i. ' l t - * ’. Li f bona li .. *■ • - . • •• • . - Digitized by Google / LETTERA IV. Timanti ad Aristo. L E ultime voflre lettere , che opportunamente mi pervennero , mi hanno eftremamente di-. Iettato i ed in ifpezie quelle vertenti fui maritag^ gio . Voi vi efaminate beniflimo tutte quelle cofe , che ponfìo contribuire alla maggiore felicità di que fio fiato . Quanto a me , penfo di partire da que* fia Città j tofio , che avrommi fpedito da’ miei in- terefli , per inoltrarmi verfo la China. Il tempo che mi (opravvànza , 1 ’ occupo , come voi ben lo fapete , in varie materie di Letteratura , fpezial- •mente nella Filofofia , che più dell’ altre m’ ifirui- fce , e rii’ alletta. Decorrendo ne’ giorni paffati con un bravo Medico Ingleie , che viaggia per fuo di- porto , venimmo a parlare (opra la natura de’ Sali * che voi ben (àpete efiere uno de’ più mirabili , e varj Fenomeni . Ciò mi ha fatto riflettere a quel- / ' lo può dirli fovra quefta materia . Prima però d’ efporvi cos’ alcuna dt mio , addurrò 1 * opinione de’ moderni , I Filici moderni , prefì impreflito da’ Chimici due termini, refi al prefente celebri dall’ufo continuo ì ^ dicono , che ogni Sale è o acido , oppure alcali-. %o , o partecipante dell’ uno, o dell’ altro . Per no- me d’ acido intendono non folo un laporc , che pu- gne la lingua , ma molto più certi corpicelli , che hanno gli angoli acuti nella fuperfizie con molte foìidità, i quali milurati cogli alcali , producono la fermentazione . Per nome poi d* alcali intendono non folo la cenere di Tartaro , ma ogn’ altro cor-i po o lolido , o liquido , che abbia virtù purgati- va , e risolvente ; e principalmente , che frammif- chiato cogli acidi , tolga loro 1 ’ acidità , e gli dia un qualche miglior fapore . Dipendono pofeia 1* uno, e 1 ’ altro nelle fue fpecie ; gli alcali in Affo , vola- ti H 4 tile, t Digitized by Google I ) I2t glior rimedio , che il Sale rubicondo , éd acriflìmn ut Vitriuolo , detto con altro nome Oglio di Vi- trtuoio , eh' è un acido potentiflìmo . Così un vo- latti e difeioglie un fiffo j per lo contrario un fiffo ferma un voiatiie della medefima fpezie > ma ciò folo avviene , dicon eflì , per accidente . Indi con- chiudono , edere raanifefliffimo , che g fi elementi , e le qualità Arifloteliche non fono ne’ midi , mol- to meno ne’ fali j ma che folo dalla diverfa depo- sizione , e figura delle particelle acide , cd alcali» che, e dalla uiverfa direzione, che determina il loro moto perturbato , o diretto , gagliardo, o rimedio , nafeono le fenlibtli qualità ed affezioni dei corpi , principalmente il calore , ed il freddo j e da quelle pure proviene ogni fermentazione, o quella ferva al- la perfezione de’ corpi,* come nelle digefliotii , o gio- vi alla diflruzione de’ medefimi , come nelle putre- fazioni. Quella maniera di filofofare ammette però le fue gran difficoltà , procedendo da ciò, che la maggior parte degli uomini fi fanno fchiavi deli’ altrui meto- do di filofofare , feguir volendo oflinatamente il pa- rere di alcuno . Ecco pertanto ciò , eh’ io riftovo a ridire fui loro fiflema. Accordo , che 1’ acido , e 1’ alcali fieno qualità , che colla loro miflura producano diverfi fapori , e odo- ri , ma niego aflblutamente , che tutt* i fall sì acidi, come alcalici , non contengano fuoco , il quale fpri- gionatofi nella lor difloluzione delle particelle degli altri elementi non generi calore , e per confeguenza ogni fale non fia caldo di natura. Certo è , eh’ eflendo gli clementi infenfibili nelle loro particelle , la natura , per valerli de’ medefimi alla compofizione de’ corpi perfetti , ha dovuto prima renderli in qualche guifa fenfibili ; quindi Siccome un perito Farmaco pria di comporne le medicine , manipola gl’ ingredienti neceffarj , e li conferva ne’ tuoi vali al bifogno , effendo a lui ben note le loro proprietà ; così la natura ha da prin> Digitized by Google V 1 22 principio lavorati i midi imperfetti , pef fervirfi d’ erti pofcia a comporre i corpi più perfetti o a rendere alti già comporti la perfezione perduta , rimettendo le lor parti nel primiero flato , e nell’ ordine da efla già preferitto. Ora chi non fa , che i mirti imperfetti , da lei preparati , fono gli fpiri- ti , i faii ‘j i zolfi* ed altri minerali ; ma perchè quelli non potevano concorrere al fine da lei in- telo fenza il movimento delle lor parti , quindi afteghò a ciafcuno molte particelle di fuoco , le quali all* occafione agitandofi , ’commovelfero , ed agitaifero ancora le parti degli altri elementi fo- co unite-. • Ma ,ofTervifi la previdenza j con cui la natura mefcolò quefte particelle di fuoco ne’ mirti imper- fetti i Perchè fa talora meilieri. d’ una pronta , e veloce operazione , frammifchiò molte di' quefte particelle fóttilitlìmc di fuoco con altre di mira- bile fottigliezza , le quali fendo agitate penetrano *di leggieri rie* pori degli altri corpi ; e quelli’ fono per. appunto gli fpiriti facilitimi al rtioto , e vo- latili dì natura. Frenò pofeià in altri la mobilità ». del fboco , rendendo più lenta , ina più efficace la di lui forza i imprigionando!» in particelle di mo- le maggiore , come fcuoprefi ne’ fali , che refi liqui- di nell’ acque forti fono molto più gagliardi nel loro operare di qualunque ,’ benché efficaciflfimò fpirito Imperciocché rodono , e difciolgono i defimi metalli ; i quali precipitati dall’ oglio di Tar- taro , fi riducono in calce ; il che non petrebbe farli in un’ ardentilfima fórnacc , che con lunghez- za di tempo. -* Leggefi pure , d’ un infelice , che girando intorno all’ orlo d’ una caldaia, in cui bolliva dell’ acqua fal- la , per trame ài fiale , fdrucciolò incautamente con f • Digitized by Google Un piede in quel bollente liquore , e lo ritraile ta- tto lenza pelle , ed interamente ftarnato fino all’ otta ; nè ciò potrebbe farti da qualunque tpirito , benché accefo ; Così nel Zolfo limita la fua forza al fuoco colla vitcofità ; e così può andarti difeor- tendo di tutti gli altri mitli fopraddetti . Nè è ma- raviglia j che la natura Sappia moderate , e diftri- buire in vafj corpi a tùo piacimento la forza , t •]’ agitazione delle particelle del fuoco ; perchè fe la Chimica fa dar leggi a quello de' Tuoi fornelli f fiborzaindolo ad operare con maggiore i o minore veemenza , molto meglio avrà laputo operar la na- tura. Dalla probabilità di quello difeorfo ne tregue per •conseguenza , che ogni tale ,* qualunque egli fi fia fe produce calore lenfibile ne’ corpi , non lo produ- ce immediatamente per efler alcalico, o frammifehia- to con acido $ ma perche le particelle di fuoco * che in fe contiene , nel difcioglierfi de’ mitli imper- fetti ricuperano la lor forza , e fi agitano con mo- to gagliardo, e perturbato. Nè quello dee attribuirti alla materia Sottile , la quale infinuandofi fra li cor- plcelli , li muova / ed agiti coll’ accennato moto; mentre nè ragióne , nè fperienza ci perfuade a ne- gare alle particelle del fuoco quetla virtù naturale di muoverti 4 per riconoscerla della materia lot- tile : e quando fi dovette concedere qualche con- L corto di ette , o fia dell’ etere direi forfè , che lìa una condizione y fenza cui quelle particole non fi determinano ad un tal moto ; Imperciocché al- tro è il moto del fuoco 4 che Scalda 4 e non ri- fplende ; altró quello del fuoco * che rifplendé , e non ifcalda ; altro quello del fuoco , che rifplendc infieme * c tealda. Concedo bensì volontieri , che quello moto non fucceda giammai , fe non quando due corpi di di- verfa fpezie s’ apprettano 1’ uno all’ altro/ perche fe tono due acidi , o due alcali , cioè Tali della tne- defima fpezie , non v* ha ragione , per cui fi fve- - • . s glino ( Digitized by Google «Mi • , . • glino 'al moto , mentre da quello , e dalla millu- ra di quelle parti omogenee non può trarfene dal- ia natura maggiore emolumento di quello , che ri- fuherebbe , fe (fallerò quiete j quindi è , che parti- cole affatto limili mai fi fermentano * Convien dunque , che i corpi y i quali li accodano , fieno di- verto di fpezie j cioè , che lebben tutti contengono particole focofe * convengono nelle qualità pro- . prie del fuoco , fieno però ancor dotati d' altre pro- prietà , non folamente diverfe * ma ancor contra- rie , come fono appunto quelle degli altri elemen- ti , o della dilpofizione delle parti ; ed allora efer- ^citando tutte la ioro mobilità , non folo muovono fe fi effe y ma agitano ancora le incapaci di moto* e le affottigliano , acciò piò facilmente (eco fi con- fondati. Con quello moto di tutte le parti y altre mo* ventifi y ed altre moffe , mirabilmente fi fpiega 9 perche alcune fen volino y ed altre y benché di na- tura gravi y tuttavia s’ innalzino . Non avendo elle- no luogo baflevole , e capace del lor moto y gran parte delle più mobili cerca fpazio maggiore , c sbrigali da quelle anguftie j o quelle fono gli (pi- riti : altre , benché più gravi , o tratte feco da que- lle , o fpinte dall* altre efcono ancor effe all’ aria libera y e tuttoché non fi portino in alto di lor natura y fon nulladimeno agitate dall’ aria per ógni verfo a cagióne della lor fottigliezza , come per In # appunto avviene a’ grani piccolilfimi di polvere % che celiando pofcia il lor moto f s’ attaccano agli altri corpi ; e quelli fono li fali , che chiamiamo volatili - Di quelli però ve n’ ha alfailfimi , che fo- no di lof natura ancor tali y e naturalmente s’ in- nalzano , e fi agitano ; il die viene dimoftrato dal- ia fperienza ; mentre fe tal forta di fali fi fram- mifchia col fangue tratto dalla vena y egli rimari fluido y nè fi congela : nè altra ragione può addur- ii di quell’ effetto , fenonchè agitandoli il fai vo- latile tiene ancora per ogni parte in moto le par. ticelle Digitized t>y Google « ♦ •* J ticdle del (angue, come vedefi tuttora nelle vene degli animali, nelle quali il (angue (corre, fi compenfa , perchè un’efalazione tenuilfima, e faìfa lo tien (empre in moto. Infatti dal (angue ancor caldo efala un cer- to vapore, che ferifee la lingua, ed il palato con un* aere, e (alfa modacità/ e quella (aKuggine più manife- ilatnente fi pruova nel (angue, che trovali ne’vafid’un cuore ancor vivo , • palpitante ; la quale falluggine po* co dopo efalando , la(cia il (angue quagliato più dolce al gulto. Così pure mirabilmente fi (piega , come un’ aci- do vinca un altr’ acido , ed un alcali difirugga un altro alcali. Le refe, per cagione d’ riempio , le qua- li ai parere d' alcuni Filici partecipano più dell* a* cido , che dell’ alcalico , perchè rinfre(cano , e per- chè fermentandoli , chiule per varj giorni in qual- che vaio , mani (eòamente lentefi la loro ' acidità , (ervono a rinfrefeare , a conciliare il (onno , a to- gliere le infiammazioni , a mitigare i dolori del ca- po , che provengono da fovrabbondanza di calore. Così la Canfora di parti fottiliffime , e penetran- ti , d’ odor gagliardo , di (apore amaro , acre , e poffente , di natura facile ad accenderli , e che , al dir d’ Avicenna , vale affai col fuo calore alla con- cezione del ventricolo, e fegato, mefcolali ne’ colliri degli occhi, per toglierne 1’ infiammazione} mitiga i dolori del capo , prodotti da foverchio calore ; giova contro le infiammazioni, le rifipole ; e fana r le feot- tature, « Ora se fi dimanda , come (uccedano quelli ef- fetti , i quali Sembrano contrari alla lor natura , rilpondon toffo i moderni Fifici , che ciò accade per accidente ; ma non è quelli a un di preffo il medefimo , che dire alla Peripatetica , per una qua- lità occulta ? Non così rifpondono gli Ariftotelici ; .perchè ripigliano , che (ebbene le rofit , e la tanfo- -» Ta fono calde di lor natura , può però dirli , che yinfrefchino $ poiché le particelle del fuoco , che in se cpntcngogp « aprano i pori , e infiouandefi v iww r Digitized by Google 1 26 nella parte qffefa, provocano al moto le parti fulteree, e faline, tenute ritirate da qualche unti ire , e parte di quelle ns traggon feco , parte quà e là fi difperdonp , e lati volano. « . -V * >. Lo Iteflfo dee dirli dell’ acero. , che rinfrefea , non perchè 1’ acido produca frejUq $ ma perchè egli è comporto di que’ medefimi tali , ond’ era comporto il vino , da cui fi è fatto , 1 quali col loro calore aprono i meati. Nè può dubitarli , che li conten- ga ; perche non men 1’ |?cetJ , che ’i (ale preferva per qualche tempo dalla corruzione moite cofe , che per altro di leggieri fi corrompono. «. Che se di quello vaglionfi 1 Bombardieri per rinfrefeare , coni’ elfi dicono , il cannone infiammato dalla mol- tipiicitk degli fpan ; non è già per ciò che 1’ acido lo raffreddi , perchè ciò potrebbe far meglio 1’ aC' qua , che panno aver fempre pronte ; ma perchè unendoli il zolzo col tale , e non coli’ aqua ( come vedefi ne’ liquori defilati , ne* quali elTendofi innata zato coilo fpirito ancora' jl zolfo , se vp s' infonde acqua pura , tolto il zolfo fi precipita al fottio , e lo fpirito folo s’ unifee all’ acqua , che riman torbi- da ) \ quindi è , che per nettare il clangne dalle par- ticelle piò grolle del zolfo , le qqali per le fclianche replicate., fi fono attaccale a’ lati dello (ledo , fi fer- vono d’ un liquore gravido di parfi ialine , die polla atjirfi al zolfo, e trarlo leep ; il che.ta l’ac-c.p , e non 1’ acqua.,-11 fuoco medefimo non è egli un ottimo ri- medio non folo per mitigare il dolore , ma per rifi- nire una parte offel’a dal fuoco ? Accolli fi quella al fuoco {teffo due, o tre volte una appretto l’altra per quel tempo , eh: può folfnrfi la di lui attività, e to- rto certa il dolore ,- e. ogni concorfo d' umori. Qr chi dirà, che il fuoco , da cui è liuto abbruciato, fiapo- feia divenuto freddo , perchè aprendo colle lue parti- celle t poti , richiama a sè quelle , che ferivano 1$ • cute i • ' ‘ • , Goti pure fi fpiega , come rnn acido riduca alla diavuta crifi r o fi* jemperiwusnto » 4 fangue fovcc- » 4 >.! * * chia- r .Digitized by Google piamente fluido , ed aflfottigfiato.
| 30,809 |
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holorusia%20japvoensis
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Holorusia japvoensis
|
https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holorusia japvoensis&action=history
|
Swedish
|
Spoken
| 31 | 66 |
Holorusia japvoensis är en tvåvingeart som först beskrevs av Alexander 1953. Holorusia japvoensis ingår i släktet Holorusia och familjen storharkrankar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Källor
Storharkrankar
japvoensis
| 31,456 |
https://github.com/mybios/tstolua/blob/master/tests/baselines/reference/accessorWithoutBody1.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,022 |
tstolua
|
mybios
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 20 | 44 |
//// [accessorWithoutBody1.ts]
var v = { get foo() }
//// [accessorWithoutBody1.js]
var v = { get foo() { } };
| 34,461 |
https://github.com/briedinger/opensphere/blob/master/src/plugin/file/gpx/gpxparser.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0, LicenseRef-scancode-public-domain, LicenseRef-scancode-free-unknown
| 2,021 |
opensphere
|
briedinger
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 873 | 2,189 |
/**
* @fileoverview Parser
* @suppress {accessControls|duplicate|unusedPrivateMembers}
*/
goog.module('plugin.file.gpx.GPXParser');
goog.module.declareLegacyNamespace();
const dom = goog.require('goog.dom');
const Feature = goog.require('ol.Feature');
const GPX = goog.require('ol.format.GPX');
const XSD = goog.require('ol.format.XSD');
const LineString = goog.require('ol.geom.LineString');
const MultiLineString = goog.require('ol.geom.MultiLineString');
const Point = goog.require('ol.geom.Point');
const SimpleGeometry = goog.require('ol.geom.SimpleGeometry');
const xml = goog.require('ol.xml');
const text = goog.require('os.file.mime.text');
const osMap = goog.require('os.map');
const IParser = goog.requireType('os.parse.IParser');
/**
* Simple GPX parser that extracts features from a GPX file.
*
* @implements {IParser<Feature>}
* @template T
*/
class GPXParser {
/**
* Constructor.
* @param {Object<string, *>} options Layer configuration options.
*/
constructor(options) {
/**
* @type {GPX}
* @private
*/
this.format_ = new GPX();
/**
* @type {?Document}
* @private
*/
this.document_ = null;
/**
* @type {number}
* @private
*/
this.trackId_ = 0;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
setSource(source) {
if (source instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
source = text.getText(source) || null;
}
if (xml.isDocument(source)) {
this.document_ = /** @type {Document} */ (source);
} else if (typeof source === 'string') {
this.document_ = xml.parse(source);
}
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
cleanup() {
this.document_ = null;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
hasNext() {
return this.document_ != null;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
parseNext() {
var features = null;
if (this.document_) {
// make sure the document reference is cleared so errors don't result in hasNext continuing to return true. the
// importer will catch and report the error so we don't do it here.
var doc = this.document_;
this.document_ = null;
// let OL3 do the bulk of the parsing
features = this.format_.readFeatures(doc, {
featureProjection: osMap.PROJECTION
});
if (features) {
// we have results, so go through each feature and expand out any LineString or MultiLineString geometries
var trackFeatures = [];
for (var i = features.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
var feature = features[i];
var geometry = feature.getGeometry();
if (geometry instanceof SimpleGeometry) {
var coordinates = geometry.getCoordinates();
if (coordinates) {
if (geometry instanceof LineString || geometry instanceof MultiLineString) {
// take the original feature out, we're expanding it into a feature per coordinate
features.splice(i, 1);
// wrap a lineString in an array then loop over the lineStrings, this handles multiple trksegs
var lineStrings = geometry instanceof LineString ? [coordinates] : coordinates;
lineStrings.forEach(function(lineString) {
this.trackId_++;
lineString.forEach(function(coordinate) {
var f = new Feature();
// parse metadata and set a trackId on each feature to allow for easy track recreation
this.parseMetadata(f, coordinate);
f.set('TRACK_ID', this.trackId_);
trackFeatures.push(f);
}, this);
}, this);
} else if (geometry instanceof Point) {
// simply modify the feature in place to add its metadata
this.parseMetadata(feature, coordinates);
}
}
}
}
features = features.concat(trackFeatures);
}
}
return features;
}
/**
* Extracts metadata from a features' coordinates and sets them as properties.
*
* @param {Feature} feature
* @param {ol.Coordinate} coordinate
*/
parseMetadata(feature, coordinate) {
var m = coordinate[3];
var geometry = new Point(coordinate.slice(0, 3));
feature.setGeometry(geometry);
if (m) {
// extensions contain metadata, so pull it off and add it to the feature
var extensions = /** @type {Element} */ (m['extensions']);
if (extensions) {
var items = dom.getChildren(extensions);
for (var i = 0, ii = items.length; i < ii; i++) {
var item = items[i];
feature.set(item.localName, item.textContent);
}
}
// set the time. GPX time uses seconds from epoch, so convert to milliseconds.
var time = /** @type {number} */ (m['time']);
if (time != null) {
feature.set('time', (new Date(1000 * time)).toISOString());
}
}
}
}
/**
* Basic overrides to the OL3 GPX parsing. These allow us to get metadata off of individual track and route points.
*/
/**
* Adds the extensions parser to the trkpt parser.
* @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, ol.XmlParser>>}
* @private
*/
GPX.TRKPT_PARSERS_ = xml.makeStructureNS(
GPX.NAMESPACE_URIS_, {
'ele': xml.makeObjectPropertySetter(XSD.readDecimal),
'time': xml.makeObjectPropertySetter(XSD.readDateTime),
'extensions': GPX.parseExtensions_
});
/**
* Adds the extensions parser to the trkpt parser.
* @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, ol.XmlParser>>}
* @private
*/
GPX.TRKPT_PARSERS_ = xml.makeStructureNS(
GPX.NAMESPACE_URIS_, {
'ele': xml.makeObjectPropertySetter(XSD.readDecimal),
'time': xml.makeObjectPropertySetter(XSD.readDateTime),
'extensions': GPX.parseExtensions_
});
/**
* This overrides the OL3 parsing to utilize the M part of the XYZM coordinate format they use. The 4th coordinate in
* each set is replaced with an object that has our time and metadata information on it. This is then parsed out later
* to be put on each feature from a track.
*
* @param {Array} flatCoordinates Flat coordinates.
* @param {ol.LayoutOptions} layoutOptions Layout options.
* @param {Node} node Node.
* @param {Object} values Values.
* @return {Array} Flat coordinates.
* @private
*/
GPX.appendCoordinate_ = function(flatCoordinates, layoutOptions, node, values) {
// always include altitude, defaulting to 0
var altitude = 0;
layoutOptions.hasZ = true;
// use altitude from the file if available, and delete the key so it isn't added to the feature by OL
if (values['ele'] != null) {
altitude = /** @type {number} */ (values['ele']);
delete values['ele'];
}
// create the base coordinate as [lon, lat, alt]
flatCoordinates.push(parseFloat(node.getAttribute('lon')), parseFloat(node.getAttribute('lat')), altitude);
// if time is available, add it to the coordinate and delete the key(s) so they aren't added to the feature by OL
if ('time' in values || 'extensionsNode_' in values) {
flatCoordinates.push({
'extensions': values['extensionsNode_'],
'time': values['time']
});
delete values['extensionsNode_'];
delete values['time'];
layoutOptions.hasM = true;
} else {
// GPX.applyLayoutOptions_ assumes coordinates are parsed as XYZM and adjusts accordingly, so always
// add a time component to the coordinates
flatCoordinates.push(0);
}
return flatCoordinates;
};
exports = GPXParser;
| 17,052 |
US-201514844206-A_1
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,015 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,285 | 9,780 |
Print image generation device, print system, print image generation method and program
ABSTRACT
A PC to which a print image generation device according to the invention is applied includes: an acquisition unit which acquires image data of a photographed image and image information recorded with the image data; a conversion unit which converts the acquired image information into text information; an input unit which inputs input information including a title of the photographed image; a print image generation unit which generates a print image for printing the converted text information and the inputted input information, on a print medium for label; and a print instruction unit which gives a print instruction on the print image.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-185196,filed Sep. 11, 2014 is expressly incorporated by reference herein.
BACKGROUND
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a print image generation device, aprint system, a print image generation method and a program for printingmetadata of a photographed image (digital photograph).
2. Related Art
When a photographed image taken with a digital camera or the like isentered into a contest or displayed at an exhibition as a work, variouskinds of information such as the title of the photographed image, thename of the photographer, equipment information and exposure informationneed to be added to the image of the work and presented to the organizerof the contest or exhibition. Traditionally, many users handwrite suchinformation. However, since the volume of such information is large andthere is also a risk of written errors, a technique of printing variouskinds of information, using image information (Exif information)recorded with image data of a photographed image at the time ofphotographing, is proposed recently.
For example, a method is proposed in which image data of a photographedimage and image information that is metadata thereof are printed inareas provided next to each other without overlapping with each other(for example, Japanese Patent No. 4,560,430). Also, a method in whichimage information is printed, superimposed on image data (for example,JP-A-2004-222108), and a method in which an index image is printed onthe back side of a print sheet where image data is printed (for example,JP-A-2007-158536) are proposed as well.
However, in the method of Japanese Patent No. 4,560,430, since imageinformation is printed next to image data, there is a problem of wastingsheets. Particularly, since expensive sheets are often used as printsheets for entry or exhibition, it is preferable to reduce the waste asmuch as possible. Also, many print sheets of this type are relativelythick. Therefore, if such a print sheet is cut and attached to the backside of the work, the work becomes partly thick, making the framingdifficult. That is, depending on the type of the frame (rabbet or rebatedepth), the attached part may not fall inside the rabbet of the frameand troublesome processing such as thickness adjustment by rabbet depthextension processing may be needed.
The method of JP-A-2004-222108 cannot be applied to works for entry orexhibition because image information is printed, superimposed on imagedata. In the case of the method of JP-A-2007-158536, since imageinformation is printed on the back side of image data, there is a riskof damage to the work due to scratches formed by the conveyance of thesheet at the time of printing. There is also a problem that, with asheet with a soft print surface (for example, a sheet coated withplaster or the like), printing cannot be done on the back side (forexample, the plaster may be stripped off by the conveyance).
SUMMARY
An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to provide a printimage generation device, a print system, a print image generation methodand a program by which information to be added to a photographed imagewhich is entered or exhibited as a work can be printed easily andinexpensively, without damaging the work.
A print image generation device according to an aspect of the inventionincludes: a conversion unit which converts image information recordedwith image data of a photographed image at the time of photographing thephotographed image, into text information; an input unit which inputsinput information including a title of the photographed image; a printimage generation unit which generates a print image for printing thetext information converted by the conversion unit and the inputinformation inputted by the input unit, on a print medium for label; anda print instruction unit which gives a print instruction on the printimage.
A print image generation method according to another aspect of theinvention includes executing: converting image information recorded withimage data of a photographed image at the time of photographing thephotographed image, into text information; inputting input informationincluding a title of the photographed image; and generating a printimage for printing the text information which is converted and the inputinformation which is inputted, on a print medium for label.
According to the above configurations, a print image for printing textinformation converted from image information, and input informationincluding the title of a photographed image, on a print medium forlabel, is generated. Therefore, information to be added to the workwhich is entered or exhibited can be printed easily and inexpensively.That is, the information that should be added to the work can be printedon an inexpensive label sheet without having to handwrite theinformation. Also, since the print image is printed on a separate printmedium from the work, there is no risk of damaging the work. Moreover,since the “title of the photographed image”, essential for the workwhich is entered or exhibited, can be inputted as input information, asatisfactory label to be attached to the work can be printed even if theimage information does not include any “image description (tag nameprescribed by Exif)”. Also, since the print medium for label is thinnerthan the print sheet used for printing the work which is entered orexhibited, there is an advantage that any type of frame can be used atthe time of framing the work with the label attached to the back side ofthe work.
In the print image generation device described above, the print imagegeneration unit may generate a print image for printing, on the printmedium, a reduced image formed by reducing the image data of thephotographed image, with the text information and the input information.
According to this configuration, since a reduced image of thephotographed image is printed on the label, the label can be easilyassociated with the photographed image (work). This enables efficientwork such as preparing a plurality of labels for a plurality of workssimultaneously and subsequently attaching the labels to the works.
In the print image generation device described above, the print imagegeneration unit may generate a print image in which the inputinformation has a larger font size than the text information and inwhich a print area for the reduced image, a print area for the inputinformation, and a print area for the text information are arrangedlaterally in this order.
According to this configuration, since the input information is printedwith a larger font size than the text information converted from theimage information, the input information such as the “title of thephotographed image”, essential for the work which is entered orexhibited, can be made more visible. Also, since the print areas arearranged laterally in order of the reduced image, the input information,and the text information, it is possible to perform processing such ascutting the print area for the reduced image arranged on one end of thelabel when the label size is large for the work or when the reducedimage used for associating with the photographed image is no longernecessary.
In the print image generation device described above, the print mediumfor label may be a tape-like medium, the device may further include apreview display unit which shows a preview of the print image, and thepreview display unit may display an expected print appearance of theprint image printed on the tape-like medium, and a scale indicating alength of the expected print appearance in a direction of tape length.
According to this configuration, since a tape-like medium is used as theprint medium, the tape length can be changed suitably according to thenumber of letters of the input information and the text information.That is, even if the number of letters used is large, there is no needto reduce the font size or narrow the linefeed width, and therefore theappearance of the label will not be impaired. Also, since the previewdisplay unit shows a scale indicating the length of an expected printappearance in the direction of tape length, the user can grasp the labellength before printing. Thus, there is no inconvenience such that theprepared label is too long to be attached to the work, and consequentlythe print medium will not be wasted.
In the print image generation device described above, the input unit mayinput a photographer and a name of a lens in addition to the title ofthe photographed image, as the input information.
According to this configuration, since the “photographer”, essential forthe work which is entered or exhibited, can be inputted as inputinformation, a satisfactory label to be attached to the work can beprepared even if the image information does not include any “artist (tagname prescribed by Exif)”, “copyright (copyright holder forphotographing) (tag name prescribed by Exif)”, or “copyright (copyrightholder for editing) (tag name prescribed by Exif)”. Meanwhile, the “nameof the lens” may not be included in the image information (“Lens Model(name of the model of the lens) (tag name prescribed by Exif)”),depending on the manufacturer. Even if an image input device made bysuch a manufacturer is used, the name of the lens can be securelyprinted on the label.
In the print image generation device described above, the imageinformation may include one of an artist, a copyright holder forphotographing, and a copyright holder for editing, and the input unitmay be able to select one of the artist, the copyright holder forphotographing, and the copyright holder for editing included in theimage information, instead of inputting the photographer, if the imageinformation includes one of the artist, the copyright holder forphotographing, and the copyright holder for editing.
According to this configuration, if the information included in theimage information can be applied to the “photographer”, the user canomit the input of the “photographer”.
If the image information includes two or more of the “artist (tag nameprescribed by Exif)”, the “copyright (copyright holder forphotographing) (tag name prescribed by Exif)”, and the “copyright(copyright holder for editing) (tag name prescribed by Exif)”, it ispreferable that one item can be selected from these.
In the print image generation device described above, the imageinformation may include a plurality of items including an item relatedto equipment and an item related to exposure, the device may furtherinclude an item selection unit which selects one item from the pluralityof items, and the conversion unit may convert the item selected by theitem selection unit, into the text information.
According to this configuration, information needed by the user can beselected and printed on the label, from the plurality of items includedin the image information.
The “item related to equipment” may include the “Make” (name of theimage input device manufacturer) (tag name prescribed by Exif),” “Model”(name of the model of the image input device) (tag name prescribed byExif))”, “lens specification (tag name prescribed by Exif)”, “Lens Make(tag name prescribed by Exif)”, “Lens model (tag name prescribed byExif)”, “lens serial number (tag name prescribed by Exif)” and the like.
Meanwhile, the “item related to exposure” may include the “F-number”,“exposure time”, “exposure program”, “photographic sensitivity”,“exposure Bias value”, “metering Mode” and the like (each being a tagname prescribed by Exif).
In the print image generation device described above, the imageinformation may include a name of a model of an image input device withwhich the photographed image is photographed, and the print imagegeneration unit may generate the print image omitting a name of amanufacturer if the name of the manufacturer is included in the name ofthe model of the image input device included in the text information.
According to this configuration, if the image information includes the“name of the manufacturer of the image input device (“Make” tag nameprescribed by Exif)” and “name of the model of the image input device(“Model” tag name prescribed by Exif)” and the text informationindicating the “name of the model of the image input device (“Model” tagname prescribed by Exif)” includes a letter string indicating the nameof the manufacturer, duplicate printing of the name of the manufacturercan be prevented.
In the print image generation device described above, the imageinformation may include a name of a model of a lens, and the print imagegeneration unit may generate the print image omitting a name of amanufacturer if the name of the manufacturer is included in the name ofthe model of the lens included in the text information.
According to this configuration, if the image information includes the“Lens Make (tag name prescribed by Exif)” and “Lens Model (tag nameprescribed by Exif)”, and the text information indicating the “LensModel (tag name prescribed by Exif)” includes a letter string indicatingthe name of the manufacturer, duplicate printing of the name of themanufacturer can be prevented.
In the print image generation device described above, the imageinformation may include an F-number or lens focal length, and theconversion unit may convert the F-number or lens focal length in afractional notation into a decimal notation at the time of conversion tothe text information.
According to this configuration, the “F-number” or “lens focal length”in a fractional notation prescribed by Exif can be shown in a decimalnotation, which is easy to understand.
In the print image generation device described above, the imageinformation may include a duration of exposure, and the conversion unitmay convert the duration of exposure into a decimal notation if theduration of exposure is 1 second or longer, and into a proper fractionalnotation reduced to the lowest terms if the duration of exposure isshorter than 1 second, at the time of conversion to the textinformation.
According to this configuration, the “exposure time” prescribed by Exifcan be shown in a way that is easy to understand, according to whetherthe duration of exposure is 1 second or longer, or not.
In the print image generation device described above, the imageinformation may include an exposure correction value, and the conversionunit may convert the exposure correction value into a mixed numbernotation if an absolute value of the exposure correction value is 1 orgreater, and into a proper fractional notation reduced to the lowestterms if the absolute value of the exposure correction value is lessthan 1, at the time of conversion to the text information.
According to this configuration, the “exposure Bias value” prescribed byExif can be shown in a way that is easy to understand, according towhether the absolute value of the exposure correction value is 1 secondor greater, or not.
A print system according to still another aspect of the inventionincludes a print image generation device and a printer. The print imagegeneration device includes: a conversion unit which converts imageinformation recorded with image data of a photographed image at the timeof photographing the photographed image, into text information; an inputunit which inputs input information including a title of thephotographed image; a print image generation unit which generates aprint image for printing the text information converted by theconversion unit and the input information inputted by the input unit, ona print medium for label; and a print instruction unit which gives theprinter a print instruction on the print image. The printer includes aprint unit which prints the print image on the print medium according tothe print instruction by the print instruction unit.
According to this configuration, text information converted from imageinformation, and input information including the title of a photographedimage are printed on a print medium for label. Therefore, a label to beattached to the work which is entered or exhibited can be printed easilyand inexpensively. Also, since the “title of the photographed image”,essential for the work which is entered or exhibited, can be inputted asinput information, a satisfactory label to be attached to the work canbe prepared even if the image information does not include any “imageDescription (tag name prescribed by Exif)”.
A program according to yet another aspect of the invention causes acomputer to execute each process in the print image generation method.
By using this program, a print image generation method in whichinformation to be added to a photographed image which is entered orexhibited as a work can be printed easily and inexpensively withoutdamaging the work, can be realized.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of exampleonly with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numbersreference like elements.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the system configuration of a printsystem according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the functional configuration of theprint system.
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an example of an attachment label forwork.
FIG. 4 shows an example of display on a first editing screen.
FIG. 5 shows an example of display on a second editing screen.
FIG. 6 shows an example of display in the state where a pull-down menuof lens input section is opened on the first editing screen.
FIG. 7 shows an example of display on the first editing screen accordingto Modification 1.
FIG. 8 shows an example of display on an editing screen according toModification 2.
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an example of an attachment label for workaccording to Modification 3.
DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
Hereinafter, a print image generation device, a print system, a printimage generation method and a program according to an embodiment of theinvention will be described in detail, referring to the drawings. Inthis embodiment, a case where the print image generation device isapplied to a PC (personal computer) will be described as an example.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the system configuration of a printsystem SY according to an embodiment of the invention. The print systemSY includes a PC 1 which generates a print image, and a tape printer 2which prints the print image generated by the PC 1.
The PC 1 has a control unit 11, a keyboard 12, a mouse 13, a displayscreen 14, a storage unit 15, and a communication interface(hereinafter, referred to as “communication I/F”) 16. These parts areconnected to each other via a bus 17.
The control unit 11 includes a CPU (central processing unit), a ROM(read only memory), and a RAM (random access memory) or the like, andcontrols the entirety of the PC 1. The keyboard 12 and the mouse 13 areused by the user to input information and also to carry out variousoperations. The display screen 14 displays an editing screen D (D1, D2,see FIGS. 4 to 6), described later, and also displays various kinds ofinformation.
The storage unit 15 is a non-volatile storage device such as an HDD(hard disk drive) and stores various control programs and variouscontrol data. The PC 1 in the embodiment stores a label printapplication (“program” in the appended claims) and a printer driver as acontrol program. The label print application is application software forprinting an attachment label for work L (see FIG. 3 or the like). Thisattachment label for work L is to be attached to the back side of a workin order to enter or exhibit a photographed image (digital photographtaken with a digital camera or the like) as a work in a contest orexhibition, or to rearrange and manage the work. The printer driver is adevice driver for controlling the tape printer 2.
The communication I/F 16 is an interface for communicating with the tapeprinter 2. The communication method thereof may be wired or wireless.Also, the form of connection thereof may be connection via a network orone-to-one connection via a cable or the like.
Meanwhile, the tape printer 2 has a control unit 21, a storage unit 22,a communication I/F 23, a print head 24, a conveyor mechanism 25, and acutter mechanism 26. These parts are connected to each other via a bus27.
The control unit 21 includes a CPU, a RAM, and a buffer or the like, andcontrols the entirety of the tape printer 2. The storage unit 22 storesvarious control programs and control data, including firmware. Thecommunication I/F 23 communicates with the PC 1.
The print head 24 prints on a print tape 31 which is a tape-like(elongated) print medium. The tape printer 2 in the embodiment issupplied with the print tape 31, an ink ribbon 32 and a platen roller33, as a tape cartridge C. The print tape 31 includes a recording tapewith an adhesive layer formed on the back side thereof, and a releasetape bonded to the recording tape with the adhesive layer, and isaccommodated in the tape cartridge C as a rolled tape reel. The inkribbon 32 is formed with the same width as the print tape 31 and isaccommodated in the tape cartridge C as a rolled ribbon reel. Althoughnot particularly illustrated, a detection unit for detecting the type ofcartridge is provided in a cartridge loading section where the tapecartridge C is loaded. With the detection unit, it is possible to detectthe tape width, tape color, material and the like of the print tape 31.
The conveyor mechanism 25 conveys the print tape 31 reeled off from thetape reel, toward a print position (position where the print head 24 andthe platen roller 33 face each other) and a tape discharge port. Thecutter mechanism 26 is situated near the tape discharge port and cutsthe printed print tape 31 in the direction of tape width.
In the tape printer 2 with the above configuration, when the tapecartridge C is loaded in the cartridge loading section, the print head24 abuts against the platen roller 33 with the print tape 31 and the inkribbon 32 held in-between, thus enabling printing. Subsequently,according to a print instruction from the PC 1, the print tape 31 isreeled off from the tape cartridge C by the conveyor mechanism 25, andheat generation elements in the print head 24 are selectively heated,thus printing on the recording tape of the print tape 31. During theexecution of printing, the printed part of the print tape 31 is conveyedoutside of the casing from the tape discharge port by the conveyormechanism 25, as required. As the printing is completed, the rear marginis conveyed to a position where a tape length is secured. Then, theconveyance is temporarily stopped and the print tape 31 is cut by thecutter mechanism 26. In the description below, the print tape 31 whichis already printed and cut is called a label (attachment label for workL).
Next, referring to FIG. 2, the functional configuration of the printsystem SY will be described. The PC 1 has, as the functionalconfiguration thereof, an acquisition unit 110, an item selection unit120, an input unit 130, a conversion unit 140, a print image generationunit 150, a preview display unit 160, and a print instruction unit 170.Of these, the print instruction unit 170 is the function of the printerdriver, whereas the others are the functions of the label printapplication. Of the functions of the label print application, the itemselection unit 120, the input unit 130 and the preview display unit 160are functions realized mainly via an editing screen D.
The acquisition unit 110 acquires image data of a photographed imagerecorded at the time of photographing the photographed image with animage input device, and image information which is meta data of theimage data. Here, the “image input device” refers to a digital stillcamera, digital video camera, mobile phone with camera, tablet terminalwith camera (for example, smartphone), or the like. The “photographedimage” refers to a “main image0th IFD)” prescribed by the image fileformat standard for digital still camera (Exif), jointly decided byCamera and Imaging Products Association (CIPA) and Japan Electronics andInformation Technology Industries Association (JEITA).
The “image information” refers to a set of “tags” and “thumbnail data”,similarly prescribed by Exif. In the embodiment, the “image information”includes a plurality of items (a plurality of tags) including itemsrelated to equipment and items related to exposure. Here, the “itemsrelated to equipment” include the “name of the manufacturer of the imageinput device (“Make” (tag name prescribed by Exif))”, “name of the modelof the image input device (“Model” (tag name prescribed by Exif))”,“Lens specification”, “lens Make”, “lens Model”, “lens serial number”and the like (all being tag names prescribed by Exif). The “itemsrelated to exposure” include the “F-number”, “exposure time”, “exposureprogram”, “photographic sensitivity”, “exposure Bias value”, “meteringMode” and the like (all being tag names prescribed by Exif). Inaddition, various other tags prescribed by Exif than the above items maybe included in the “image information”.
The image data and the image information acquired by the acquisitionunit 110 may be acquired from the image input device via wired orwireless communication, or may be acquired from a storage device (forexample, a web server on the internet) other than the image input devicevia wired or wireless communication. The image data and the imageinformation may also be acquired via various memories.
The item selection unit 120 selects an item from the plurality of itemsincluded in the “image information”. In the embodiment, an item (tagname) which is a print object to be printed on the attachment label forwork L is selected on a second editing screen D2 (see FIG. 5).
The input unit 130 inputs input information including the title of thework (title of the photographed image), the photographer, the name ofthe lens and the font type. In the embodiment, the name of the lens andthe title of the work are inputted on a first editing screen D1 (seeFIG. 4) and the font type and the photographer are inputted on thesecond editing screen D2 (see FIG. 5). Here, to “input” is a conceptincluding not only inputting letters with the use of the keyboard 12 butalso selecting and inputting a candidate from a plurality of selectioncandidates.
The conversion unit 140 converts the item selected by the item selectionunit 120, of the image information acquired by the acquisition unit 110,into text information on the basis of Exif standard. In this case, theconversion unit 140 converts the “Fnumber (tag name prescribed by Exif)”and the “focal length (tag name prescribed by Exif)” in a fractionalnotation according to the Exif standard, into a decimal notation. Theconversion unit 140 converts the “Exposure Time (tag name prescribed byExif)” into a decimal notation if the duration of exposure is 1 secondor longer, and into a proper fractional notation reduced to the lowestterms if the duration of exposure is shorter than 1. Moreover, theconversion unit 140 converts the “exposure Bias value (tag nameprescribed by Exif)” into a mixed number notation if the absolute valueof the exposure correction value is 1 or greater, and into a properfractional notation reduced to the lowest terms if the absolute value ofthe exposure correction value is less than 1. With these configurations,these items, which are hard to understand according to the Exifstandard, can be made easier for the user to understand. As theconversion algorithm thereof, a known algorithm such as the Euclideanalgorithm can be used.
The print image generation unit 150 generates a print image for printingthe text information converted by the conversion unit 140 and the inputinformation inputted by the input unit 130, onto the print tape 31(print medium for label). The print image generation unit 150 alsoreduces the image data of the photographed image according to the tapewidth of the print tape 31, thus generates a reduced image, andgenerates the print image including the reduced image.
If the “name of the model of the image input device” in the textinformation converted by the conversion unit 140 includes a letterstring indicating the name of a manufacturer, the print image generationunit 150 generates the print image, omitting the letter stringindicating the name of the manufacturer. Similarly, if the “Lens Model(name of the model of the lens)” in the text information converted bythe conversion unit 140 includes a letter string indicating the name ofa manufacturer, the print image generation unit 150 generates the printimage omitting the letter string indicating the name of themanufacturer. With these configurations, duplicate printing of the nameof the manufacturer can be prevented when the “Make (name of themanufacturer of the image input device) or Lens Make (tag nameprescribed by Exif)” and the “Make (name of the model of the image inputdevice) or Lens Model (tag name prescribed by Exif)” are printedtogether on the attachment label for work L.
It is also possible to carry out such omission of the name of themanufacturer, only if both of the “Make (name of the manufacturer of theimage input device) (tag name prescribed by Exif)” and the “Model (nameof the model of the image input device) (tag name prescribed by Exif)”are selected by the item selection unit 120, or only if both of the“Lens Make (name of the manufacturer of the lens) (tag name prescribedby Exif)” and the “Lens Model (name of the model of the lens) (tag nameprescribed by Exif)” are selected.
Moreover, if the “exposure mode” in the text information converted bythe conversion unit 140 is manual exposure and the “exposure program” ismanual, the print image generation unit 150 generates the print imageomitting the letter string of the “exposure program”. With thisconfiguration, duplicate printing of the item of manual photographingcan be prevented, when the “exposure mode” and the “exposure program”are printed together on the attachment label for work L and manualphotographing is employed.
The preview display unit 160 displays a preview of the print imagegenerated by the print image generation unit 150, along with an expectedtape appearance of the print tape 31 as the print medium for the printimage (an expected print appearance of the attachment label for work Lis displayed; see FIG. 4). The preview display unit 160 also displays ascale indicating the length of the expected tape appearance in thedirection of tape length. With this configuration, the user can graspthe label length of the attachment label for work L before printing, andcan solve inconvenience such that the prepared attachment label for workL is too long to be attached to the work.
The print instruction unit 170 gives the tape printer 2 a printinstruction on the print image generated by the print image generationunit 150. Specifically, the print instruction unit 170 generates a printcommand (including a cutting command) that can be interpreted by thetape printer 2, and transmits the print command to the tape printer 2.
The print instruction unit 170 may transmit a print command described ina markup language such as XML (Extensible Markup Language), instead ofgenerating a print command, (where it is assumed that the tape printer 2can interpret the markup language). In this case, a driverlessconfiguration can be employed.
Meanwhile, the tape printer 2 has a print unit 210 as the functionalconfiguration thereof. The print unit 210 prints the print image on theprint tape 31 according to the print instruction from the printinstruction unit 170 and cuts the print tape 31, thus preparing theattachment label for work L.
Next, referring to FIG. 3, the print format and print items on theattachment label for work L will be described. The print imagegeneration unit 150 arranges and shows the reduced image formed byreducing the image data, the input information inputted by the inputunit 130 and the text information converted by the conversion unit 140,according to a predetermined print format. Specifically, from theforward end of the print tape 31 (from the left-hand side in theillustration), a print area 41 for the reduced image, a print area 42for the input information, and a print area 43 for the text informationare arranged laterally in this order. The input information is shown ina larger font size than the text information. Of the input information,the title of the work is shown in a larger font size than the name ofphotographer or in the same font size, as shown in the figure. As forthe text information, all the items are shown in the same font size.
In the print area 42 for the input information and the print area 43 forthe text information, the letters are arranged in such a way that thedirection of tape length (longitudinal direction) of the print tape 31corresponds to the direction of lines. In the print area 42 for theinput information, the title of the work and the name of thephotographer are arranged in one line each. Therefore, if the title ofthe work or the name of the photographer has a large number of letters,the print area 42 for the input information expands accordingly in thedirection of tape length. Also, with each item, the tag content is shownin a larger font size than the tag name.
In the print area 43 for the text information, a tag name and a tagcontent corresponding to each item of the plurality of items selected onthe second editing screen D2 are shown with a “colon (:)” insertedin-between. However, with some predetermined items such as the “filename (********.jpeg)” and “date and time of generation of original imagedata (2014:07:31:14:45:59)”, the description of the tag name is omitted.Also, while the print area 43 in the illustrated example is formedhaving four lines, the number of lines may be changed according to thenumber of items selected. The font size may be increased with the changein the number of lines. Also, based on the longest line of the pluralityof lines, the space (blank space) between items in the other lines maybe expanded, thus laying out the text in full justification in thedirection of tape length.
In the embodiment, the tape width of the print tape 31 is a fixed width.Therefore, if the tape width of the tape cartridge C loaded in the tapeprinter 2 does not coincide with the fixed width at the point when aprint instruction is given from the label print application, the labelprint application displays an error message prompting the replacement ofthe tape cartridge C, on the display screen 14. It is possible todisplay the error message only if the tape width is narrower than thefixed width, and not to display the error message if the tape width isbroader than the fixed width. In this case, the print image may beprinted in an enlarged manner corresponding to the tape width, or may beprinted in a centering layout in the direction of tape width, with animage size similar to that in the case of printing the fixed-width printtape 31.
Next, referring to FIGS. 4 to 6, the display format and display items onthe editing screen D will be described. The editing screen D has a firstediting screen D1 and a second editing screen D2. Of these, the firstediting screen D1 is a main screen opened by the startup of the labelprint application. The second editing screen D2 is a sub screen called(opened) from the first editing screen D1.
As shown in FIG. 4, the first editing screen D1 includes a previewdisplay area 51 and an input area 52. In the preview display area 51, anexpected print appearance 61 of the attachment label for work L(expected print appearance of the print image printed on the print tape31), a scale 62 indicating the tape length of the attachment label forwork L that is actually prepared, and a scroll bar 63 for allowing thedisplay of the expected print appearance 61 to be scrolled, aredisplayed. In the illustrated example, the scale 62 that is on amillimeter basis is shown. However, the unit employed may be switchableto another unit such as inch.
In the input area 52, a lens input section 64, a title input section 65,a help button 66 and a print execution button 67 are displayed. In thelens input section 64, as the pull-down button is pressed, a pull-downmenu 64 a as shown in FIG. 6 is displayed. If the “new lens model name”is selected from this pull-down menu 64 a, text input with the keyboard12 is enabled and a letter string that is inputted is reflected on the“name of the model of the lens” in the expected print appearance 61. If“Exif” is selected, the “name of the model of the lens (tag nameprescribed by Exif)” included in the image information is reflected onthe “name of the model of the lens” in the expected print appearance 61.It is also possible to select one of the candidates from the pluralityof lens model names stored in advance in the label print application (inFIG. 6, “lens model name 1”, “lens model name 2” and the like”) andreflect the selected lens model name on the “name of the model of thelens” in the expected print appearance 61. If the “new lens model name”is elected and text input is made, the result of the input may be storedand displayed as a lens model name candidate the next time the firstediting screen D1 is opened, and onward.
In the title input section 65, text input with the keyboard 12 isavailable and a letter string that is inputted is reflected on the“title” in the expected print appearance 61. There may be a limitationon the number of letters that can be inputted in the title input section65. If the help button 66 is pressed, a help screen is displayed (notshown). If the print execution button 67 is pressed, the label printapplication outputs a print image similar to the expected printappearance 61 displayed in the preview display area 51 at that point, tothe printer driver.
Meanwhile, the second editing screen D2 includes an item selection area53 and an input area 54, as shown in FIG. 5. In the item selection area53, whether to print or not can be selected with respect to theplurality of items included in the image information. In the illustratedexample, it means that the items with the check marks are objects to beprinted. That is, if check marks are put on items other than the“copyright holder for photographing/copyright holder for editing”, asshown in FIG. 5, the attachment label for work L on which the itemsother than the “copyright holder for photographing/copyright holder forediting”, of the items displayed in the item selection area 53, areprinted, is prepared (see FIG. 3). The result of the selection in theitem selection area 53 is stored, and if there is no particular change(if the second editing screen D2 is not opened), the result of theprevious selection is used. The item names displayed in the itemselection area 53 may be made changeable on another configurationsetting screen or the like. Also, the item selection area 53 may beconfigured in such a way as to enable designation of the print order orprint line of each item in the print area 43 for the text information.
In the input area 54, a typeface input section 71, a typeface styleinput section 72, a photographer input section 73, a cancel button 74and an OK button 75 are displayed. In the typeface input section 71, asin the lens input section 64, a pull-down menu is displayed (not shown)when the pull-down button is pressed. In the typeface input section 71,a typeface (font) is selected. In the typeface style input section 72,too, a pull-down menu is displayed (not shown) when the pull-down buttonis pressed. In the typeface style input section 72, typeface styles suchas weight, tilt, and letter width are selected. The results of input inthe typeface input section 71 and the typeface style input section 72are reflected on all the fonts printed in the print area 42 for theinput information and the print area 43 for the text information.
In the photographer input section 73, too, a pull-down menu is may bedisplayed (not shown) when a pull-down button is pressed. As in the lensinput section 64, if the “new photographer” is selected, text input withthe keyboard 12 is enabled. If “Exif” is selected, the “artist (tag nameprescribed by Exif)” or the “copyright (copyright holder forphotographing/copyright holder) for editing (tag name prescribed byExif)” included in the image information is reflected on the“photographer”. If the image information includes both the “artist (tagname prescribed by Exif)” and the “copyright (copyright holder forphotographing/copyright holder) for editing (tag name prescribed byExif)” and these are different names, a selection screen for selectingwhich to reflect is displayed, or the candidates of “Exif (artist)” and“Exif (copyright holder for photographing/copyright holder for editing)”are provided in the pull-down menu.
If the cancel button 74 is pressed, all the edited contents in thesecond editing screen D2 are nullified. If the OK button 75 is pressed,the second editing screen D2 is closed and the edited contents in thesecond editing screen D2 are reflected on the print image and theexpected print appearance 61.
As described above, according to the embodiment, the text informationformed by converting the image information (Exif information), and theinput information such as the title of the work are printed on the printtape 31. Therefore, the attachment label for work L to be attached tothe work for entry or exhibition can be prepared easily andinexpensively. That is, since the information to be added to the work isprinted on a separate print medium from the work, expensive print sheetsfor the work will not be wasted and there is no risk of damaging thework. Also, since the print tape 31 is relatively thin (significantlythinner than print sheets for entry or exhibition, many of which arequite thick), there is an advantage that any type of frame can be usedat the time of framing the work with the print tape attached to the backside of the work.
Since the “title of the photographed image” and the “name of thephotographer”, essential for the work which is entered or exhibited, canbe inputted as the input information, a satisfactory label to beattached to the work can be prepared even if the image information doesnot include any “image Description (tag name prescribed by Exif)”,“artist (tag name prescribed by Exif)”, “copyright (copyright holder forphotographing/copyright holder) for editing (tag name prescribed byExif)”, or the like. Moreover, since the name of the lens can beinputted as the input information, the name of the lens can be securelyshown on the attachment label for work L even if an image input devicemade by a manufacturer who does not include the name of the lens in the“lens Model (tag name prescribed by Exif)” is used.
Also, since the scale 62 indicating the length of the expected printappearance in the direction of tape length is displayed in the previewdisplay area 51 in the first editing screen D1, the user can grasp thelabel length before printing. Therefore, there is no inconvenience suchthat the prepared label is too long to be attached to the work, andconsequently the print medium will be not wasted.
Since a reduced image of the photographed image is printed on theattachment label for work L, the correspondence between the photographedimage (work) and the attachment label for work L can be easily taken.This enables efficient work such as simultaneously preparing a pluralityof attachment labels for work L, for a plurality of works, and thenattaching the labels to the works. Also, since the reduced image isgenerated from the photographed image itself, instead of the “thumbnaildata” included in the image information, the correspondence between thework and the attachment label for work L can be securely achieved evenif the image data of the photographed image is edited.
Moreover, since the respective print areas 41, 42, 43 are laterallyarranged on the attachment label for work L in order of the reducedimage, the input information, and the text information, it is possibleto perform processing such as cutting the print area 41 for the reducedimage if the label size is large for the work or if the reduced image isno longer needed as the correspondence with the work is completed, orleaving the print area 42 for the input information only (that is,cutting the print areas 41, 43 for the reduced image and for the textinformation). Also, since the print tape 31 is used as the print medium,the tape length can be varied properly according to the number ofletters of the input information and the text information.
Also, the following modifications can be employed, without being limitedto the embodiment. In the modifications below, the same parts of theconfigurations as the embodiment are denoted by similar referencenumbers and symbols, omitting detailed description.
| 39,548 |
https://sitecore.stackexchange.com/questions/14614
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,018 |
Stack Exchange
|
English
|
Spoken
| 224 | 300 |
EXM automated email campaigns showing outdated content
I've got a few automated email campaigns in Sitecore 9.0 Update-2 that I created from existing pages. I've noticed that if I modify the content or presentation of those pages, the automated emails do not send the latest content; rather, they send an older version of the pages.
Publishing makes no difference--the only way I've been able to get the automated email campaigns to send the latest content is by restarting Sitecore. Is there a cache that I need to clear somewhere?
EXM Automated Messages keep a Message Cache that stores the contents of the file. If you are changing content of an Email Item and not seeing the content change when dispatching it is likely because you haven't Deactivated the email message.
This can happen if you directly edit an Email Message either by Unprotecting The Email Item, or directly editing a child item though the content editor.
To Fix or to Correctly Edit an Automated Message
Go into EXM UI in Sitecore, click on Automated messages, and find the message you are desiring to edit.
Click on the Delivery Tab
Press the Deactivate button.
Edit the message (if you have additional edits to make)
On the Delivery Tab, press the Activate button.
This will reactivate the message and refresh the Message Cache.
Hope this helps!
| 19,244 |
|
https://github.com/RikkaW/androidx/blob/master/health/health-services-client/src/main/java/androidx/health/services/client/impl/ipc/Client.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0, LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference
| 2,021 |
androidx
|
RikkaW
|
Java
|
Code
| 771 | 2,193 |
/*
* Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package androidx.health.services.client.impl.ipc;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.annotation.RestrictTo;
import androidx.annotation.RestrictTo.Scope;
import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
import androidx.health.services.client.impl.ipc.internal.BaseQueueOperation;
import androidx.health.services.client.impl.ipc.internal.ConnectionConfiguration;
import androidx.health.services.client.impl.ipc.internal.ConnectionManager;
import androidx.health.services.client.impl.ipc.internal.ExecutionTracker;
import androidx.health.services.client.impl.ipc.internal.ListenerKey;
import androidx.health.services.client.impl.ipc.internal.QueueOperation;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.FutureCallback;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.SettableFuture;
/**
* SDK client for establishing connection to a cross process service.
*
* <p>Extend this class to create a new client. Each client should represent one connection to AIDL
* interface. For user instruction see: go/wear-dd-wcs-sdk
*
* @hide
*/
@RestrictTo(Scope.LIBRARY)
public abstract class Client {
/** Interface abstracting extraction of the API version from the binder. */
public interface VersionGetter {
/** Returns the API version. */
Integer readVersion(IBinder binder) throws RemoteException;
}
private static final int UNKNOWN_VERSION = -1;
private final ConnectionConfiguration mConnectionConfiguration;
private final ConnectionManager mConnectionManager;
private final ServiceOperation<Integer> mApiVersionOperation;
@VisibleForTesting volatile int mCurrentVersion = UNKNOWN_VERSION;
public Client(
ClientConfiguration clientConfiguration,
ConnectionManager connectionManager,
VersionGetter versionGetter) {
QueueOperation versionOperation =
new QueueOperation() {
@Override
public void execute(IBinder binder) throws RemoteException {
mCurrentVersion = versionGetter.readVersion(binder);
}
@Override
public void setException(Throwable exception) {}
@Override
public QueueOperation trackExecution(ExecutionTracker tracker) {
return this;
}
@Override
public ConnectionConfiguration getConnectionConfiguration() {
return Client.this.getConnectionConfiguration();
}
};
this.mConnectionConfiguration =
new ConnectionConfiguration(
clientConfiguration.getServicePackageName(),
clientConfiguration.getApiClientName(),
clientConfiguration.getBindAction(),
versionOperation);
this.mConnectionManager = connectionManager;
this.mApiVersionOperation =
(binder, resultFuture) -> resultFuture.set(versionGetter.readVersion(binder));
}
/**
* Executes given operation against a IPC service defined by {@code clientConfiguration}.
*
* @param operation Operation that will be executed against the service
* @param <R> Type of returned variable
* @return {@link ListenableFuture<R>} with the result of the operation or an exception if the
* execution fails.
*/
protected <R> ListenableFuture<R> execute(ServiceOperation<R> operation) {
SettableFuture<R> settableFuture = SettableFuture.create();
mConnectionManager.scheduleForExecution(
createQueueOperation(operation, mConnectionConfiguration, settableFuture));
return settableFuture;
}
protected <R> ListenableFuture<R> executeWithVersionCheck(
ServiceOperation<R> operation, int minApiVersion) {
if (mCurrentVersion == UNKNOWN_VERSION) {
SettableFuture<R> settableFuture = SettableFuture.create();
ListenableFuture<Integer> versionFuture = execute(mApiVersionOperation);
Futures.addCallback(
versionFuture,
new FutureCallback<Integer>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(@Nullable Integer remoteVersion) {
mCurrentVersion =
remoteVersion == null ? UNKNOWN_VERSION : remoteVersion;
if (mCurrentVersion < minApiVersion) {
settableFuture.setException(
getApiVersionCheckFailureException(
mCurrentVersion, minApiVersion));
} else {
getConnectionManager()
.scheduleForExecution(
createQueueOperation(
operation,
getConnectionConfiguration(),
settableFuture));
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Throwable throwable) {
settableFuture.setException(throwable);
}
},
MoreExecutors.directExecutor());
return settableFuture;
} else if (mCurrentVersion >= minApiVersion) {
return execute(operation);
} else {
// This empty operation is executed just to connect to the service. If we didn't connect
// it
// could happen that we won't detect change in the API version.
mConnectionManager.scheduleForExecution(
new BaseQueueOperation(mConnectionConfiguration));
return Futures.immediateFailedFuture(
getApiVersionCheckFailureException(mCurrentVersion, minApiVersion));
}
}
/**
* Registers a listener by executing the provided {@link ServiceOperation}.
*
* <p>The provided {@code registerListenerOperation} will be stored for every unique {@code
* listenerKey} and re-executed when connection is lost.
*
* @param listenerKey Key based on which listeners will be distinguished.
* @param registerListenerOperation Method that registers the listener, can by any {@link
* ServiceOperation}.
* @param <R> Type of return value returned in the future.
* @return {@link ListenableFuture<R>} with the result of the operation or an exception if the
* execution fails.
*/
protected <R> ListenableFuture<R> registerListener(
ListenerKey listenerKey, ServiceOperation<R> registerListenerOperation) {
SettableFuture<R> settableFuture = SettableFuture.create();
mConnectionManager.registerListener(
listenerKey,
createQueueOperation(
registerListenerOperation, mConnectionConfiguration, settableFuture));
return settableFuture;
}
/**
* Unregisters a listener by executing the provided {@link ServiceOperation}.
*
* @param listenerKey Key based on which listeners will be distinguished.
* @param unregisterListenerOperation Method that unregisters the listener, can by any {@link
* ServiceOperation}.
* @param <R> Type of return value returned in the future.
* @return {@link ListenableFuture<R>} with the result of the operation or an exception if the
* execution fails.
*/
protected <R> ListenableFuture<R> unregisterListener(
ListenerKey listenerKey, ServiceOperation<R> unregisterListenerOperation) {
SettableFuture<R> settableFuture = SettableFuture.create();
mConnectionManager.unregisterListener(
listenerKey,
createQueueOperation(
unregisterListenerOperation, getConnectionConfiguration(), settableFuture));
return settableFuture;
}
protected Exception getApiVersionCheckFailureException(int currentVersion, int minApiVersion) {
return new ApiVersionException(currentVersion, minApiVersion);
}
ConnectionConfiguration getConnectionConfiguration() {
return mConnectionConfiguration;
}
ConnectionManager getConnectionManager() {
return mConnectionManager;
}
private static <R> QueueOperation createQueueOperation(
ServiceOperation<R> operation,
ConnectionConfiguration connectionConfiguration,
SettableFuture<R> settableFuture) {
return new BaseQueueOperation(connectionConfiguration) {
@Override
public void execute(IBinder binder) throws RemoteException {
operation.execute(binder, settableFuture);
}
@Override
public void setException(Throwable exception) {
settableFuture.setException(exception);
}
@Override
public QueueOperation trackExecution(ExecutionTracker tracker) {
tracker.track(settableFuture);
return this;
}
};
}
}
| 38,960 |
https://github.com/krishnaji-eGov/duplicate/blob/master/frontend/mgramseva/lib/providers/user_profile_provider.dart
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
duplicate
|
krishnaji-eGov
|
Dart
|
Code
| 87 | 329 |
import 'dart:async';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:mgramseva/model/userProfile/user_profile.dart';
import 'package:mgramseva/repository/user_profile_repo.dart';
import 'package:mgramseva/utils/error_logging.dart';
class UserProfileProvider with ChangeNotifier {
var streamController = StreamController.broadcast();
var formKey = GlobalKey<FormState>();
var autoValidation = false;
var profileDetails = User();
dispose() {
streamController.close();
super.dispose();
}
Future<void> getUserProfileDetails(body, BuildContext context) async {
try {
var userResponse = await UserProfileRepository().getProfile(body);
if (userResponse != null) {
streamController.add(userResponse.user?.first);
profileDetails = userResponse.user!.first;
}
} catch (e, s) {
ErrorHandler().allExceptionsHandler(context, e, s);
streamController.addError('error');
}
}
void onChangeOfGender(String gender, User user) {
user.gender = gender;
notifyListeners();
}
void callNotfyer() {
notifyListeners();
}
}
| 33,520 |
https://github.com/thomasmhofmann/com.thomashofmann.xposed.lib/blob/master/xposedLibModule/src/main/java/com/thomashofmann/xposed/lib/LogMethodInvocationHook.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,020 |
com.thomashofmann.xposed.lib
|
thomasmhofmann
|
Java
|
Code
| 50 | 189 |
package com.thomashofmann.xposed.lib;
import de.robv.android.xposed.XC_MethodHook;
public class LogMethodInvocationHook extends MethodHook {
public LogMethodInvocationHook() {
super(null, null);
}
protected void beforeHookedMethod(XC_MethodHook.MethodHookParam methodHookParam) {
Logger.v("Executing hook " + getMethodName(methodHookParam) + " called with values " + getMethodParameterString(methodHookParam));
}
protected void afterHookedMethod(XC_MethodHook.MethodHookParam methodHookParam) {
Logger.v(getMethodName(methodHookParam) + " returns with " + methodHookParam.getResult());
}
}
| 8,596 |
https://github.com/RemDelaporteMathurin/matplotx/blob/master/src/matplotx/styles/_nord.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
matplotx
|
RemDelaporteMathurin
|
Python
|
Code
| 62 | 213 |
"""
https://www.nordtheme.com/
"""
from ._helpers import generate_style
nord = generate_style(
background="#2E3440", # nord0
foreground="#D8DEE9", # nord4
# comment="#4C566A", # nord3
# comment="#81A1C1", # nord9
comment="#5E81AC", # nord10
cycle=[
"#88C0D0", # nord8, blue
"#D08770", # nord12, orange
"#A3BE8C", # nord14, green
"#BF616A", # nord11, red
"#B48EAD", # nord15, purple
# "", # pink
# "", # gray
"#EBCB8B", # nord13, yellow
],
)
| 1,350 |
https://github.com/Kittyfisto/SharpTail/blob/master/src/Tailviewer.Core.Tests/Sources/Text/EncodingDetectorTest.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
SharpTail
|
Kittyfisto
|
C#
|
Code
| 161 | 518 |
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using FluentAssertions;
using NUnit.Framework;
namespace Tailviewer.Core.Tests.Sources.Text
{
[TestFixture]
public sealed class EncodingDetectorTest
{
public static IReadOnlyList<Encoding> EncodingsWithPreamble = new[]
{
Encoding.UTF8,
Encoding.UTF32,
Encoding.Unicode,
Encoding.BigEndianUnicode
};
[Test]
public void TestDetect([ValueSource(nameof(EncodingsWithPreamble))] Encoding encoding)
{
var preamble = encoding.GetPreamble();
preamble.Length.Should().BeGreaterOrEqualTo(1, "because this test doesn't make much sense if the encoding has no preamble");
using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
using (var writer = new StreamWriter(stream, encoding))
{
writer.Write("Controversial opinion: White House Down is a better movie than Olympus has Fallen, ikr");
writer.Flush();
stream.Position = 0;
var detector = new EncodingDetector();
detector.TryFindEncoding(stream).Should().Be(encoding);
}
}
[Test]
public void TestDetectNoPreamble()
{
using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
using (var writer = new StreamWriter(stream, Encoding.ASCII))
{
writer.Write("Controversial opinion: White House Down is a better movie than Olympus has Fallen, ikr");
writer.Flush();
stream.Position = 0;
var detector = new EncodingDetector();
detector.TryFindEncoding(stream).Should().Be(null, "because there's no preamble to detect ASCII and the detector shall not make any guesses and give up");
}
}
}
}
| 32,586 |
https://github.com/YosefTriadi17/CI.3.E41181233_P_UMKM/blob/master/sql/umkm.sql
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
CI.3.E41181233_P_UMKM
|
YosefTriadi17
|
SQL
|
Code
| 297 | 1,053 |
-- phpMyAdmin SQL Dump
-- version 4.8.5
-- https://www.phpmyadmin.net/
--
-- Host: 127.0.0.1
-- Waktu pembuatan: 20 Mar 2020 pada 20.41
-- Versi server: 10.1.38-MariaDB
-- Versi PHP: 7.3.4
SET SQL_MODE = "NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";
SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0;
START TRANSACTION;
SET time_zone = "+00:00";
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8mb4 */;
--
-- Database: `umkm`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Struktur dari tabel `admin`
--
CREATE TABLE `admin` (
`ID_ADMIN` int(4) NOT NULL,
`USERNAME` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`PASSWORD` varchar(50) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
--
-- Dumping data untuk tabel `admin`
--
INSERT INTO `admin` (`ID_ADMIN`, `USERNAME`, `PASSWORD`) VALUES
(1, 'lucas', 'lucas'),
(2, 'lucas', 'dc53fc4f621c80bdc2fa0329a6123708'),
(3, 'lucas12', 'lucas12'),
(4, 'lucas13', '7f315ad43864b34acca3e7aa2d5f18f0');
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Struktur dari tabel `daftar_umkm`
--
CREATE TABLE `daftar_umkm` (
`ID_UMKM` int(4) NOT NULL,
`NAMA_USAHA` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`JENIS` char(10) NOT NULL,
`OMSET` int(10) NOT NULL,
`PEMILIK` varchar(50) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
--
-- Dumping data untuk tabel `daftar_umkm`
--
INSERT INTO `daftar_umkm` (`ID_UMKM`, `NAMA_USAHA`, `JENIS`, `OMSET`, `PEMILIK`) VALUES
(1, 'Ayam Geprek', 'Kuliner', 120000000, 'AndyDeni'),
(2, 'Toko Komputer', 'Teknologi', 500000000, 'Lucas Jacob'),
(3, 'Toko Buku', 'Pembelajar', 420000000, 'Edi Santoso'),
(10, 'Masuk kekeolah', 'Kuliner', 0, 'Abrim'),
(12, 'Mata Itu', 'Kuliner', 2000000, 'Aan');
--
-- Indexes for dumped tables
--
--
-- Indeks untuk tabel `admin`
--
ALTER TABLE `admin`
ADD PRIMARY KEY (`ID_ADMIN`);
--
-- Indeks untuk tabel `daftar_umkm`
--
ALTER TABLE `daftar_umkm`
ADD PRIMARY KEY (`ID_UMKM`);
--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT untuk tabel yang dibuang
--
--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT untuk tabel `admin`
--
ALTER TABLE `admin`
MODIFY `ID_ADMIN` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=5;
--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT untuk tabel `daftar_umkm`
--
ALTER TABLE `daftar_umkm`
MODIFY `ID_UMKM` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=13;
COMMIT;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
| 40,312 |
https://github.com/dariopellegrini/Spike/blob/master/spike/src/main/java/com/dariopellegrini/spike/response/SpikeResponse.kt
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,023 |
Spike
|
dariopellegrini
|
Kotlin
|
Code
| 35 | 93 |
package com.dariopellegrini.spike.response
import org.json.JSONObject
/**
* Created by dariopellegrini on 25/07/17.
*/
open class SpikeResponse(statusCode: Int, headers: Map<String, String>?, results: String?) {
val statusCode = statusCode
val headers = headers
val results = results
}
| 7,042 |
https://github.com/isabella232/msgraph-beta-sdk-java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/microsoft/graph/requests/extensions/MentionCollectionPage.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
msgraph-beta-sdk-java
|
isabella232
|
Java
|
Code
| 114 | 313 |
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Licensed under the MIT License. See License in the project root for license information.
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
package com.microsoft.graph.requests.extensions;
import com.microsoft.graph.models.extensions.Mention;
import com.microsoft.graph.requests.extensions.IMentionCollectionRequestBuilder;
import com.microsoft.graph.http.BaseCollectionPage;
import com.microsoft.graph.requests.extensions.MentionCollectionPage;
import com.microsoft.graph.requests.extensions.MentionCollectionResponse;
// **NOTE** This file was generated by a tool and any changes will be overwritten.
/**
* The class for the Mention Collection Page.
*/
public class MentionCollectionPage extends BaseCollectionPage<Mention, IMentionCollectionRequestBuilder> implements IMentionCollectionPage {
/**
* A collection page for Mention
*
* @param response the serialized MentionCollectionResponse from the service
* @param builder the request builder for the next collection page
*/
public MentionCollectionPage(final MentionCollectionResponse response, final IMentionCollectionRequestBuilder builder) {
super(response.value, builder, response.additionalDataManager());
}
}
| 26,280 |
https://github.com/ljsharp/TranscriptHub/blob/master/app/src/main/java/com/example/android/transcripthub/HistoryDetailsActivity.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
TranscriptHub
|
ljsharp
|
Java
|
Code
| 113 | 544 |
package com.example.android.transcripthub;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class HistoryDetailsActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_history_details);
Bundle bundle=getIntent().getExtras();
String type=bundle.get("type").toString();
String chat=bundle.get("chat").toString();
String[] chatArr = chat.split(";");
String[] typeArr = type.split(";");
//Toast. makeText(getApplicationContext(),type+" "+chat,Toast. LENGTH_SHORT).show();
LinearLayout myLinearLayout = findViewById(R.id.myLinearLayout);
for (int i = 1; i < chatArr.length; i++) {
// create a new textview
final TextView rowTextView = new TextView(this);
// set some properties of rowTextView or something
String temp = typeArr[i];
if(temp.equals("1")){
rowTextView.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.textviewdesign);
rowTextView.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.white));
}else{
rowTextView.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.textviewdesign2);
}
rowTextView.setText(chatArr[i]);
rowTextView.setWidth(800);
rowTextView.setTextSize(20);
LinearLayout.LayoutParams params = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
params.setMargins(30,30,30,0);
rowTextView.setLayoutParams(params);
rowTextView.setPadding(5, 5, 5, 5);
// add the textview to the linearlayout
myLinearLayout.addView(rowTextView);
}
}
}
| 14,316 |
4586032_1
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
| 1,531 | 2,449 |
If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
HILLGER ENTERPRISES, LLC, UNPUBLISHED
November 12, 2020
Plaintiff-Appellant,
and
RIG PROPERTIES 2, LLC, and SOUTHTRACK
MANAGEMENT 2, LLC,
Plaintiffs,
v No. 350170
Wayne Circuit Court
CITY OF DETROIT, LC No. 18-009417-CZ
Defendant-Appellee.
Before: BOONSTRA, P.J., and CAVANAGH and BORRELLO, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Plaintiff1 appeals by right the trial court’s order granting summary disposition in favor of
defendant. We affirm.
I. PERTINENT FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
In 2017, defendant gave plaintiff conditional zoning approval to operate a Medical
Marijuana Caregiver Center (MMCC).2 Also in 2017, the Michigan Department of Licensing and
1
Plaintiffs Rig Properties 2, LLC and Southtrack Management 2, LLC voluntarily dismissed their
claims against defendant with prejudice in the trial court, and are not parties to this appeal.
2
1984 Detroit Zoning Ordinance § 61-16-131 defines a “medical marihuana caregiver center” as
“[a] medical marihuana business operated by a registered primary caregiver that distributes
medical marijuana, in a manner authorized by the [Michigan Medical Marihuana Act,
-1-
Regulatory Affairs (LARA) issued several emergency rules pertaining to the Medical Marihuana
Facilities Licensing Act (MMFLA), MCL 333.27101 et seq. Emergency Rule 19 provided that an
applicant who had applied no later than February 15, 2018 for a state license3 to operate a
“proposed marihuana facility” under the MMFLA could “temporarily operate” a facility “that
would otherwise require a state operating license” if certain other criteria, not relevant to this
appeal, were met.4 Before that deadline, plaintiff submitted to LARA an application for a license
to operate a commercial marijuana facility; specifically, plaintiff applied for a “Class C grow
license” to operate a marijuana growing facility. On February 12, 2018, the city clerk for defendant
approved an “Attestation E” form submitted by plaintiff. The Attestation E, signed by both the
city clerk and a member manager of plaintiff, authorized plaintiff, as “the applicant for a state
operating license as named below in part B,” to “temporarily operate a proposed marihuana facility
as provided in the LARA . . . Emergency Administrative Rules filed with the Sec. of State . . . .”
On April 9, 2018, defendant’s law department submitted a memorandum to its city council
addressing medical marijuana. The memorandum stated that defendant “was willing to authorize
temporary operation for the approximately 70 MMCC locations that had previously received
zoning approval as a MMCC. As required by [LARA], the Detroit City Clerk’s office executed a
form called Attestation E for 57 locations, which constitute the only facilities that are currently
allowed to be operating as a dispensary in Detroit.” Plaintiff was one of the 57 entities
“authorize[d] for temporary operation . . . .”
According to plaintiff’s complaint, officers from the St. Clair Shores Police Department
executed a search warrant on June 14, 2018 at 661 Hillger Street in Detroit and seized and
destroyed plaintiff’s property at that location. On June 15, 2018, defendant sent plaintiff a letter
informing plaintiff that its planned use of its site at 661 Hillger Street as a marijuana growing
facility was not authorized. Plaintiff stated in its complaint that it ceased all operations on June
19, 2018.
On August 2, 2018, plaintiff filed a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief. Plaintiff
sought a declaratory judgment from the trial court that “Attestation E is a license to temporarily
operate a MMFLA facility” and that “Defendant issued Attestation E to Plaintiffs and cannot
revoke it without due process of law.” Plaintiff also sought “an Injunction enjoining Defendant
MCL 333.26421 et seq.], to registered qualifying patients as defined by the Act, or performs other
activities pertaining to medical marihuana authorized by the Act.”
3
The MMFLA requires state licensure to operate as a marijuana “grower,” “processor,” “secure
transporter,” “provisioning center,” or “state compliance facility.” MCL 333.27102(ff). Although
by convention the various marijuana acts in Michigan use the term “marihuana,” in this opinion,
apart from direct quotation, we will employ the more common spelling “marijuana.”
4
See Rule 19. Temporary operation; limited circumstances; conditional.
https://www.michigan.gov/mra/0,9306,7-386-83994-454538--,00.html (last accessed October 21,
2020).
-2-
from any further attempts to rescind Plaintiff[’s] Attestation E.” Plaintiff withdrew its application
for a Class C Grower license from LARA in November 2018.
After defendant answered the complaint, plaintiff moved to amend, seeking to add claims
for monetary damages. The trial court denied plaintiff’s motion. Defendant subsequently filed a
motion for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(8) and MCR 2.116(C)(10). Defendant
argued that while plaintiff was permitted to operate a MMCC, it was not permitted to operate a
marijuana growing facility. Defendant also argued that the case was moot because plaintiff had
withdrawn its application for a Class C grower license with LARA. The trial court held that
plaintiff had only been authorized to operate a MMCC, not a growing facility, and that the case
was moot in any event, and granted defendant’s motion for summary disposition. This appeal
followed.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
The trial court did not specifically state which subrule(s) it relied upon in granting
defendant’s motion. Summary disposition is appropriate under MCR 2.116(C)(8) if “[t]he
opposing party has failed to state a claim on which relief can be granted.” An issue is moot if “an
event occurs that renders it impossible for a reviewing court to grant relief.” B P 7 v Bureau of
State Lottery, 231 Mich. App. 356, 359; 586 NW2d 117 (1998). Therefore, mootness is an
appropriate ground for granting summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(8). We review de
novo the trial court’s determination that a case is moot, Garrett v Washington, 314 Mich. App. 436,
449; 886 NW2d 762 (2016), as well as its decision on a motion for summary disposition under
MCR 2.116(C)(8), Maiden v Rozwood, 461 Mich. 109, 118; 597 NW2d 817 (1999).
III. ANALYSIS
The trial court concluded in part that because plaintiff withdrew its application for a Class
C Grow license in November 2018, the case was moot. We agree.
“In order to appeal, a party must be an aggrieved party.” Garrett, 314 Mich. App. at 449
(quotation marks and citation omitted). “On appeal, the litigant must demonstrate that he or she
is affected by the decision of the trial court.” Id. at 450 (quotation marks and citation omitted).
“An issue becomes moot when a subsequent event renders it impossible for the appellate court to
fashion a remedy.” Id. (quotation marks and citation omitted).
For a trial court to grant a request for declaratory judgment, there must be an actual
controversy between the parties. MCR 2.605(A)(1) (“In a case of actual controversy within its
jurisdiction, a Michigan court of record may declare the rights and other legal relations of an
interested party seeking a declaratory judgment, whether or not other relief is or could be sought
or granted.”). “In general, ‘actual controversy’ exists where a declaratory judgment or decree is
necessary to guide a plaintiff’s future conduct in order to preserve his legal rights.” Shavers v
Attorney General, 402 Mich. 554, 588; 267 NW2d 72 (1978).
In its complaint, plaintiff sought a declaratory judgment that the “Attestation E is a license
to temporarily operate a MMFLA facility” and that “[d]efendant issued Attestation E to Plaintiff[]
and cannot revoke it without due process of law.” Plaintiff also sought an injunction “enjoining
-3-
Defendant from any further attempts to rescind Plaintiff[’s] Attestation E.” As stated, plaintiff
sought to amend its complaint to add claims for monetary damages, but the trial court denied its
motion; on appeal, plaintiff does not challenge that denial.
Evaluating plaintiff’s claims for declaratory and injunctive relief requires that we interpret
the language of Attestation E. Attestation E is a document generated by LARA as authorized by
the MMFLA. Generally, principles of statutory interpretation apply to language used by
administrative agencies. See, e.g., City of Romulus v Mich DEQ, 260 Mich. App. 54, 65; 678 NW2d
444 (2003). If such language is “unambiguous on its face, the drafter is presumed to have intended
the meaning plainly expressed and further judicial interpretation is not permitted.” Id.
The plain language of Attestation E is that an “applicant for a state operating license” may
operate a temporary facility under certain conditions, provided that the applicant meets certain
other criteria and complies “with the Emergency Administrative Rules and the MMFLA.” When
plaintiff withdrew its application for a license under the MMFLA, it was no longer an “applicant
for a state operating license.” The plain language of Attestation E therefore prevented the trial
court, at the time it interpreted plaintiff’s Attestation E, from granting plaintiff any of its requested
relief; indeed, once plaintiff withdrew its license application, an order granting the relief would
have had no practical effect. Accordingly, the trial court correctly determined that plaintiff’s case
was moot. B P 7, 231 Mich. App. at 359; Garrett, 314 Mich. App. at 450. Because we agree with
the trial court’s determination of mootness, we do not address plaintiff’s other arguments
concerning the trial court’s determination that it was only authorized to operate an MMCC, not a
marijuana growing facility.
Affirmed.
/s/ Mark T. Boonstra
/s/ Mark J. Cavanagh
/s/ Stephen L. Borrello
-4-.
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Les points de vue échangea entre les reprêe entants allemands et britanniques ont lin caractère provisoire puisque des décieions final** qui pourraient étrB prises lara d'une prochaine conférence navale internatioRaie dépendra J'attitude adoptée par les autre* puissance* navales. M, VON RIBBENTROP EST RENTRÉ A BERLIN Berlin, 23 juin (dép, Bavas.l Le T>. N. B. communique La délégation allemande dirigée par M. Joachlm von Rïbbentrop. ambassadeur extraordlnaire du Reich, est revenue aujourd'hui de Londres en AllerElle est arrivée à 14 h. 30 en avion à Hambourg. M. von Ribbentrop a rendu compte de sa mission au Führer chancelier. DECLARATIONS DE L'ENVOYÉ DU REICH Londres, 2e juin fddp. Petit Pari«ton>) Avant son départ de Londres, le représentant du chanceller allumant! a déclaré que raccord qui volait d'Être conclu à, Londres réglait une fole pour toute. le problème naval entre l'Allemagne et sa Grand tBreta^Be et que, de plua en plus, il ouvralt la voie à une sotution du problème. En terminent l'envoyé spécial du fuhrer .que 3a tAehe dont il se considérait comme spécialement chargé et à laquelle il consacrerait désormais tous ees efforta consistait k travailler à l'établissement d'une étroite collaboration entre la Grande-Bretagne, la. Franea et l'Allemagne, Le consul de France à Prague M. Henri Gouyon est blessé dans un accident d'auto Sa femme et la bc11a-»«ur «ont Inm Budapest. juin (dép. Petit Parisien.) Un très grave accident d'automobile s'«at produit ce soir dans les environs de Budapest. Il a fait quatre victimes. Ce sont le consul de France à Prague, M. Henri Gouyoiî, sa femme, ma fille Simone, et sa beEle-scetir, Mme Thérèse Marasieux. Mme Gouyon et Mine Thérèse Mareet. ont été tuées, Le consul et sa fille sont grièvement ble^eéa. Lea détails précis manquent encore. Un habitant d. Rambouillet se fait écraser pupu train Le MânsT 23 Juin {dép. F*tt Parisien.) M.' Ernest Maret, vingt-quatre ans, serrurier, avait pris un train samedi gner Rambouillet, où 11 babite, 4, rue de Penthièvre. 9'étant endormi, Il ne put descendre qu'à la gare de Bretoncelles où. un peu plus tard. il voulut sauter dans un rapide qui passait à 'ibrr. Il roula d'ou. U train et fut M. Stoyadinovitch met sur pied le nouveau cabinet yougoslave i Belgrade. 23 juin (dép. Petit Parisien.) Chargé hier noir par le prince régent du mandat former le cabinet, 1e Dl Milan Stoyadinovitch, ministre dea FInances, a conféré cette nuit avec ses futurs et achèvera ce, t aine ment aa tâche aujourd'hui en formant un gouvernement de large concitation, engiobant notamment les radicaux, les Slovènes, 'en musulmane -Ion et d'apalaement tendant à la collaboration et. par là, à la r conciliation définitive de tous 16a membres de la grande famille yougoalav-e. Le général JivkovitcH, ministre de la Guerre du précédent cabinet et ancien président du Conseil, conserve le minisIl de la Guerre et apporte au Dr Mila. Stoyadinoviteit un concours «ans réserve. La satisfaction a été générale à Belgrade et dams le* autres grandes ville* du paye, quand on a appris, dela soirée. le choix fait par la régence du docteur Milan Stoyadlnovltch comme nouveau Premier. Sa briliant-e réuaeite dans ses passages gucoegaifg au nilniqtère de¡¡ Finances, son autorité dans le@ milieux politiques, «on expérience de où 11 au falt da nombreux séjours, tant en Europe qu'en Amérlque, font augurer de toute part le su-Ccèe et la durée de «on gouvernement. On prévolt la constitution définitive et la prestation de serment du nouveau fjouvernement dans le courant de la technique par un stage en France, au mlnlstere des Finanoea, eet un grand ami de la France, qui continuera avec Un aoîn parti-culiferemeiit vigil&Jit la politique traditionnelle de la Toueoelavi« à regard de sa grande alliée de Ledocteur MUan StoyadinovittA, chargé de constituer le nouveau cabians, a déjà un long passe gouvernemental. C'frSt, en effet, en 1922 que le président Pachitoh, préoccupé de la situation budgétaire et monétaire de la gronde Yougoslavie., dont i] avait été docteur Stoyadinovitch, ohez qui il avait discerné, encore qu'il n'appartint pas au Parlement, d'exc«ptiODiielle4 quaUtés de technicien et d'énergie Ministre des Finance* à tr*nte^uatra aos, Le docteur Milan Stayaduiovitch romplt délibérément avec le. politique de réglementation à outranwT Mina &eese aggravée, qui iboutiBeait à l'asphyxie de îé-conomie nationale Rendant aux transaction* de tous oMrsa 1e maximum de liberté compatible avec l'époque et les circonstances, réorg-amiasnt complètement le budréalisant avec au-ocèe une stabilisation de fait du dinar, à laquelle le président Poinca-ré itti-m&mé rendit hommag-a quand il pré-para kl stabilisation du iranc, le jeune ministr* assuma magie traîemtnt, pendant quatre années coneècutrv-es, ̃ l*»1 lourdes Teeponaablllt&a qui lui avaient été confié ea, Fidèle au vétéran qui Tavalt appelé au pouvoir. il Si retlra avec lui quand le président Pachitch, peu avant sa mort, sa trouva écarté du gouvernement ea avril 1926. Ses collègues du Parlement où Il avait été élu peu après son arrivée aux Finances le nommèrent, aussitôt préaident de la commlBsic-n des finance* de la Skouptcblna, charge qu'il occupait encore au moment où le Parlement (ut aupprimé en janvier 1929 par le décret royal instituant une nouvelle Constitution, Auefti était-il particulièrement qualifié à tous égards pour entrer dan» le gouvernement de et de détente dont le prince Paul décida la formation en décembre 1934, peu après son. accession la la régence du royaume. que lesAbyûHirifl effectuent d'énormeB achats au :Soudan, notamment des graine et des bêtes de transport. Le volume des expéditions du Soudan en Ethiopie, en ciaquante fols plu, fort que Van dernier ^ATTITUDE DE L'EMPEREUR D'ETHIOPIE Londres, 28 juin (dép. Bavas.) Le Sunday Çhronitite publie nne interview accordée à un de aes envoyés en par Halte Selasalé. L'Ethiopie, a déclaré le souverain, est tenue, comme membre de la société de* nations et t signalai r du pecte Briand-Kellûûg^ d'épuiser tous les moyens de règlement pacifique avant 'emplir ses obligations. Nous ne pouvons croire que la S. D. N. ne réussira pas à régler la différend avec l'Italis. Noua n'avons jusqu'ici ni mobilisé ni concentré de troupes et les prétextes de la mobiUaaUon italienne sont InexistantsNoue nous sommes constamment efforcés de créer une atmosphère lavorahle à. un règlement. Main si ce règlement -et longtemps retardé et ai dana les colonies votsin-es -et eJnsf facilité, nous serons forcés da noua préparer à défendre notre territoire. A BIARRITZ, LE GENERAL DENAIN INAUGURE L/> PLAQUE A CHARLES DE VERNEILH Biarritz, juin (d. Petit Parisien) Une émouvante cérémonie du souvenir s'est déroulée aujourd'hui à l'aérodrome de Parme. Le générai Denaln, ministre de l'Air, a inauguré la plaque de bronze «levée à la me> moire du capitaine Charles de Verneîlh, pilote du Biarritz, par les soins de i'Aero-Club basque Au premier rang à côté du ministre. qu'accompagnaient le colonel Weisset te colonel Bailly, de son cabinet militaire, se trouvait Mme de VerneUh, la veuve du héros et son fils Pierre. Des discours ont été prononcés par M. DauIl., maire d'Anglet; M. de Croiseil, président de l' Aéro-Club basque, pt par le grénéraî Denalm, qui termina tu ces termes Si la an de Vemeilh tut, hélas a lia al prématurée que mon exi£~ tence Iftoorlfiusenient remplit été ni. mée et exaltée par 1a passion du vol. Nous (fardons sa mémoire, et c'est avec émottcn et gratitude qu'au aom dc l'aviation je je salue cette d£6tinée trop courte, mais qui en plein clel, a connu la force et siin* jota de victoire* util* UN BANDUET EN L'HONNEUR DES CONCURRENTS DE "PARIS STRASBOURG Strasbourg, 23 juin, D'UN DE NOS SKTOïSs fiFfiCTltl Comme Il est de tradition depuis Î&26, un banquet a été offert ce eolr à l'hôtel de la Maîgon-Roug-e par le Petit Parieu l'honneur des concurrents de Paris-Strasbourg. Pane lea salons paréo avec beaucoup d'art et décorés de drapeaux aux couleurs des nations ayant été représentées dans l'épreuve est tenue une très cordiale et très brillante tète à laquelle avaient été conviés les lauréats de ta randonnée. les officiels et ies autorités de la grande cité. M. Julien Coudy, codirecteur du Petit Parisien, présidait, ayant à ses côtés M. Jean Chai yn eau, secrétaire général de la préfecture, représentant M. Rabiot, préfet. et M. Edgar BJoch, représentant M. Frey, député, maire de Strasbourg. A la table d'honneur avaient pris place Romena, Roger M&rce&u, Zaml, Steïnmetz, MM. Emile Antholne. président de l'U, F. M.; le colonel Teinture; commandant la gendarmerie; MM, Surville, commtea&lra central: Barbleuxr commissaire de police; KaJtz, de la R-e-naisas,nce f'ranç.!ll.5e; Grémond, de Crozefon, Henri Roui, le docteur Corbier, MM.Wolf. président de l'Union dam Marcheur* de Strasbourg; Michaud, de l'Union des Marcheurs de Après avoir salué la mémoire de M, Paul Dupuy, qui préaidait le premier banquet en M. Julien Coudy reraerdù. les et fltraabour^eolsea et la presse d'Alsace, dont l'appui assure le succès de la compétltîon, et souligna avec éloquence le caractère symbolique de Paria-Strasbourg. M. Chaïfffleau, au nom du préfet M. Bloc au nom de la municipalité, dirent avec émotion combien une épreuve sportive comme Paris-Strasbourg a contribué à nouer Bolldemtnt les liens qui unissent les deux grandes villes. Au nom de l'Ut F. M., son président, M. Emile Antholne. retraça les péripéties du championnat de grand tond. D'unanimes applaudissements saluèce. dlecoure. La challenge Argents], trophée intprrégions, détenu depuis l'an dernier Par le comité de la Brie, t été gagné cette année par la région du Nord. Recavant de Zami, de Coulommiem, le magnifique objet d'art, M. Jacques Dupuy le remit au champion nordique Roger Marceau, Et de nouveau les applaudissements retentirent. Un. partie artistique termina, cette brillante soirée. Fred Liévin. D. drrute i gauc!ie Jttflm*ns, MM". Anlhnin»-, Jucîd^b I»«pi:3-, Blftffh «t Coiidy LES CONGRÈS L'ortlsMut Frnti.fl.ts EoaJifle. 23 juin {d£p, petit Parisien.) l'asoainiosatc«nt et. la oomitrlM* dea entreprfaea artiaaTiailçs, ce qui rsviant il 4tendra A le' âiaipoaLtioafl prévu.1 pot3r les entent ea industrielles, avec de: mtyrlalitès que ^*a soi*ni en rapport le, besoins des popiAatlonâ. de de 1337 A fait, d'autre part. l'Objet d'un rapport de M. T&tMedel, qui été unanlpn>r le comité natknipil en 1934, ainsi mie Isa vtauiï, et rédûdutlond au opté* Du le 12* cangrAs. LTs3s*mb!âe d« La tété prèsldâe par M. représentant t« midisire du Travail. MM. Challlfla. Serre et Klofcs, qui ont les de la bienveillance du ïou¥6rnem*nt et des patlemant&lrea. U, KIots a pranonoé un vtf éWge de l' arparticipent k CBiposltlon de Parti. Un banquet réuni aaalt plus de trais wnts comvives KM. S«pp«r a^nattur P«rrii), P-StrUiB Faur^, Albert Sérol !sh déi*guéa et suis» et M. Challlet, prononcèrent des discoura. Bordeaux. 21 juin (tMp. Satwj.) L'assemblée de des oïflciwrs mutitSa et anctens combattants fc graiipé un nombre Important âa congressLBt«a 4a toute* les région? de France. Apr^a allocution de M. Jean Goy, député de Pari un vœu a été adopté à l'unanimité disant attaché* aux inetttu(.]ona dimocrttîquca et au récontribiiar au rétabli serment de l'iatarltS a tous le. écH«Loûs de la vie politique ou administrative, proctaiewnt leur volante palï et afflmisnt leur volonté de voir nctre pays demeurer vigilant et tort ». ment des mort* où a été déposée une palme. Un banquet & clôturé la congrès sous La présidence du général Requin, représentant le ministre de la Guerre. Dea discours ont été prononcés par HH, Joly, Dufïourc, Goy, Marcard, «djolnt au Geille, député de la Gtronde et le général Requin. Len coloniaux Ly on, 23 j ni n (dép, Havat. ) Ce matin lea délégués se sont rendu» au du der?ent Han^an où ils ont déposé deux palmM. M. Peut Charl6sh président des coloniaux de Lyon, exalta la courage des et demanda enfin une minute de silence. Le bananet de clôture fut Dréaldé par MRlvollet, ancien ministre des Pensions, assisté de M, Q*?. Président de la rédeThil], ccfnmandajlt Briun, Ben Ammon MlMtïun, général Buhr-er; MM, LeJU^C et Gay. DERNOERES NOUVELLES SPORTIVES SUCCÈS FRANÇAIS AUX CHAMPIONNATS D'EUROPE No« cpéiitci ont battu les Allemand» I^ftuaanne, 23 Juin (dep. Petit Farteien.) très de la poule anale ont été disputai». L'équipe de France, en très belle forme, battu tiettemeût, par 20 points à 12, l'équipe d'AÎIemaffn-e, tandis que la Suède a réussi, il. la. surprise générale, à battre la Belgique par 17 pointa à 15. E^miln matin, la France rencontrera d'abord la. Suède et ensuite l'équipe belge. LE MATCH FRANCE-BELGIQUE JUNIORS Bruxelles. 23 juin idêp. Radin.) Les Jeunes espoir» lrançaia et belges ont été opposés cet après-midi, à Bruxeîtes. eu relais et en watçr-polo, l'occftsion du match international si le water-polo revint à l'équipe belge par 5 buts le relaie (5X50 mètres), par contre, été gagné nettement par nos représentants en T 26" 1/5. Un avion de taurin» t'écr* un itl sur le terrai de M£coa Le* trois Dccups.aU »ont tués «ou* le. yeux de dix-sept membres de leur famille Màcoa, 23 Juin (d^p. Petit Parirtan,} Cet iprè*-mi4i, vert 17 h. 30, au terraln de Màcon, un appareil de tourisme, Dar suite d'une perte vltcne, a'eot écrasé au aoi. Le pilote, MGorge. Héziat, vingt-trois aoe, chef pilote de l' Aéro-Club du Maçonnais, et deux de se? parents, MM. Achille Alaznan, vingt-quatre ana, et René VasseUeg, trente et un ans, tous deux garants de la buvette dea a&attoïra de la Mouche, à Lyon, e'flat produit sous les yeux de dii-sept membres de la famille, dont le père et la mère du pilote, Cette dernière avait quelques minute* auparavant, reçu le baptême de l'air dans l'aviotl de son flte. M. Méziat devaJt rejoindre au roux Le banquet Hoche a été présidé à Versailles par M' Campinchi Afin de commémorer la naissance du général Lazare Hoche, ta fédération radicale et radicale socialiste avait orgaaisé hier un banquet dans un grand hôtel de la plae* dTArm€». Cette Manifestation était piacée soue la présidence d'honneur de M* CampMwAi. Ait ^e&flert, des allocutions furent prer îioncéts. M' prenant à son tour la parole, fait tout d'abord l'éloge du grand soldat et grand citoyen. Puis, s'adtessent plua particulièrement aux chefs du parti radical, Il poursuit en ces termes L'on comprend que les hommça politiques lea plus clairvoyants hSeltent parfois sur ïm directives à -lavé leiw expérience à cause de cette expérience largement consentie qu'ils se plus réftOliW. Quand lu difficultés noua pressent. le pire trophes n'sa accordent jenutia: Après avoir condamné les manlfeatatïona sur 1. voie publique l'ordre ne doit iL aucun prix ètre troublé, M* Campinchi a indiqué de quelle façon, selon lulP devait Mra défendu le régime Où OÙ veut-on en Tenir ? Recherchet-on pour avoir fait Preuve de aajease politique durant soiatante annéejj, rsudra-t-iï la guerre civile ? C'eat au de et prononcer. Son Inertie aérait ungflRlflnt. SI, au contr&ive* il Perle net aux factions, sans vain souci de i1 équilibre parletaontaire de l'adhésion île Lalle ou telle fraction de l'assemblée, il dàfendr* le refftme «t ««ur«ra le salut du pays. Ces paroles furent accueillie par les acclamations unanimes. FETES ET RÉUNIONS Jj'jiaflûfli*(wrt dea infirmières mutHéa au rêlryrmée» de guerre a tenu blée la bU?li«tSèqua dea Invalides, sous la présidence du E5n$rel Mftfiauï, président de l'asaoclatitm. X-UaaoriaHtjn Léopold-Bellan a proà la 3arbonae h. la dfatribution dee récompenses aux" lauréats de son concours général d« muaLque et de déclamation Le!! lauréats se flrent acq>laLidir au cours du concert qui suivit la cérfeionia L Assistance aux animaux s procédé, la mairie du yi" arrondies ement, iL la distribution de M» rKumneiifleB. Le prix du Président de la a *t* attribué au docteur Roussel, Le prix du ministre du. Travaux publiai, du conseil au docteur Barbîçr le de Meknfes. t>e nombreux prix offerts par la malsoB Ernest no ont été remis à des enfant» léta par leur» hoûa soins envers let Animaux. Une nombreuse délégation de la Fédération dç& amicales et et ancien COiHbbttartis, quedirigeait la président génèr&l, M. Maurer, est venue dâ?rïe«r hier matin un* gerbe ds fleurs la la tombe du Soldat inconnu. Puis, précédés de nombreux drapeaux et étendards et de la fanfare e M Méoh*r|a Les iALAgu^i â«nleL'as«watal^& giéii^rale de l'asitoclatlcUl Villages sanatoriums de haute aîtltwt* a etlrefistr* les résultats obtenue par cette «HïTS pîliliîltliiroplquo dans aes sanatode FraiCoûtant, de et et du Roc des Fiï, groupant en H&titQ-S&Vol» 500 lits fraiu tuberculeux de la clasae moyenne. acheva la conatructkta d'un quatrième de 174 Uts destinés aux trffleiej-G et aoua-offleiera de l'actif* 14 Sanatorium Geoffroy de Martel da JanLa Rénovation française, sous la prfide de M. Maurice Beauchamp, a tenu au musée wciftl une réunion au cours dé I4quetl4 sont tait entendre MU. Mercier, Edouard Chaux et Edmond Bloch. Un ardr? du jour affirmant la prédomil'tance de. principes de gouvernement sur 1m t'orme/! de gouvernement et réclamant l'autorité, h responsabilité et la atabliité du pouvoir, une juat« Jnt3râts dans le cadre communal, régional et national, le droit commun pour tous; des d'architectes, qut aura lieu au mois de fept?tnbT« procliai11 £n Euro-p« centrale. Tient d'fttre formé. Présida1 par dit-teur Kdn4ra.l du beam-arts, ce comité comprand MM, r Fontremnoll. Fnntz Jourdain, Aufu^t? Perret. Le Carbuste', Rob. Maliet-Stovens, Tony G-amler, Anatole de Mouzie, Paul Valéry, Jean Giraudoux, Frtysslnet. lA Comité d'initiative des Grands matlfiifft gratuit* 4. -]le nombre de rarçons et de fillettes, avec le concours du ThSatte dea dont la troupe fut La Société d'assistance pour lea ovevSlet a tenu £& 55> ag^emblie générale an' Vinjte, sous la de M. Habiet, maire du Xïle. De? aiiociitLonfl noncées celui-ci et M. René Vsequerle. Les chœurs l'Ecole BrsJIîe se Aont fait entendrfH Berlin. ̃– Quatre cents Juristes ellemand ont quitté B*riin pour un voyage du juristes n*tl&r*UT eociilLates. FAITS DIVERS; PARIS Baignade tr*giqu« Se baigniint e-n Reine, au li&udit le Portau-Sable, près du bois de BQuk»snc, jeune Marcel Pereiir, dii-Jieuf arw, (3«ncurant chemin de le Fouilteiise, k Ssiiiïtaioud, & conié à pic et A'eat noyé. Son corps n'a pu ëtr« retrouvé. Méfait d'aicùûliqu* Les Mtidera. soi tante et cinquantecinq ans, sont deux miséreux logeant: 177, rue de Ciiarenban. Maja et le mari a. une bonne réputation. la femme, Emilie, est une alcoolique invétérée. C'est alnal qu'hier, 2 heures du mati^, une discussion tri» vlve éclata entre *iut. La fil oh&uffer de l'em dans caswrole et en Jeta le contenu au visas de son mari qui fut bruJ^ sérieusement. Il a été admis Il I'b4pital sa femme & été mise la de la ju4tice, Attention au mula.tr* commis par un mulâtre, hter matin, à quajaùte-clna mislutfia d [rktOfY&Iit, dan* le XI* Il acheta litre via. demandant la monnale de 1.o00 francs et réussit A dérober 300 francs appax tenant k la a'en aperçut, aortit et le vU diaparaltre bicyclette. L'«scroC se rendit enaultè chez M. J&an Ledan+n gérant d'une épicerie, 36, m&ne ru« cett< fols, IL ^ta.H ̃vëtli <te bleu, ce qui fait supposer qu'li le l* quartier. Il renflait «ne fola Ae plus à dérobw francs. Ce mulâtre dû ftOrtlr tout récemment de prison après avoir opéré derson slgrna.tem€iit vingt-cinq ï ti-entç ans frl^éa, 1 m_ 70 environ, mince, tamtftt t4te nvte, tantôt en gris*, oheuasé de chausmir^ Jaun* olatr tirant caajugala sa ïsmmô IIS. boulevard Ney. HI*r. 1S heures, eiclté par le çbaiflur et lea porteur au cours d'une liLacusalon avec femme, lui porta à ta tête un ooup de salaceintura la femme et d'un déslnvoJfce loffis était situé au rAï-de-ohauasée. N6aH&asez doulonrïuaem&Dt bte«3é«. Mme Ranohaert a ét6 admise à l'h&pitaJ Bichat. L'incistnant Auflust» a été oonaignS à la du de polfce. accident» Avenue des OMum-ps-Hily&éea. un cyj M. Jean peut, SfiS de vingt ana, demeurant n» est renversa par numéro de la voiture du « pkanjffard > ft pu fttre Carrefour Jouftroy-WUâ«TB, Molle MarjuetJil* Meyer, 134, de Courcfrtle*. est rMlïerSé* par un motoeyolLst*. Beaujon, Au début de l'après-midi Un motocycliste. M. Raymond Lfli*u, tren<€aix ans. deTn*UTftnt rue de TlMUMn. a rla, rue Que toua deux *e trou.vai'eiit A hauteur du 103 de l'avenue Gambâtta. Le «âiaurteur a. été projeté wntr* i« muj1 de lécode. Il le le crline1 atteint et une £racture du poignet droit. M. IjU*u Ci été prave. Son ooflipggiruKri, M. André Sceydei, r*cu du -la. au même hôpiital pour ocKntuaiona -et et plaie à la. main dfotte. Dea malfaiteui» a* sent totrod^Ws l'ni*tt« nuit dan* I» magasin dé fouiruir» de 19Parqu-fB^ !*̃ ruv do Vaugira-Td. et oR porte un lot de marchandise» dont le montant, en l'absence du commerçant, n'a. pu encore être évolué. SEINE ttAignade tr*^tque Bvi se baillant en Seine, iL ]'Il. de U Jatte, à Levai] olfl-Perrtt. Je ffO^dat Lucien Salinié. défiché k rhûpitaJ Perey. à Clamart. coulé à pic. Son corpa nTa pu être r*î*cilé, Le feu d*n* une parfumerie Un Incendie, dont les cauaes sont Inconnueo. e-'eot déclaré hffcr v^mt Il 80 dans uti« fabrique de j>arfurtler£e. 3 bi*a rti* de à A Asntèrfla. Lea pompiers de la localité, bientôt suivis pir ceux de Genn«viLllers. Levallois, Ittfrïiilt49 A' effort. Un bâtiment en bol. et cfirreaux de pU.tree d'un étage, d'une BUpûrtTtcic 'le de SOO mètrta tarréfl, a et* «nijftwment détruit. En des des propriétaire a, :e lïMraétait venu m rendre compte de J'eff-rcwrttâ des meaurew priais pour protéger i«a imnnîiiblas voisins du foyer d'incendie. Un blcfii et présente & Tnâpïtal on couteau planta d&ni *n plaie Ua* rixe, dont lea aau*&9 n'ont pu être déterminées, éditait. boIt, a la sortie ehlt dea Quatre-CSiamlns, à Pantin. L'un dea aniAgMiistes, Ba.ymooid demeurant rue Saint*Marguerite, à Pantîn.'fut frappé au visage d'Un OOUJj ne dan? la plaie et que le blessé lut amené dsna cet état à l'hôpital Tenon. Après pandle, mai» flâna l'^prea-mldl d'hier, i*on état fl'-AtAnt GuyOnlaTCh Hut être ramené fe A la suite dE cette risa, 13, rue Bertblïr, et Joseph Phuï. VÎIujtont été arrête* et mis la disposition du parquet par M. Detrey, conmil3B*irfl par intérim. Le» accidenCa do la rue Victiap-Htmo, & de. la ru* du Chalet, à un motocycatate. M. Jérôme Crdget. TÎngt-sLt an, avenue EdouardVaillant, Wt entré en aoUiLskirt avec un taxi Atteint de cûntutfdona nrrftiptw, Il été transporté A Le jfiane Charle* flffé de quatorae ana, demeurant S, aveoiue Swrétftn, à Parts qui le 11 mal dBraJffr. a AuberTlHlen, avait été renverse de bieyetett» par uti «union, s, Buooombé hier t'flnpiui Saint-l-ouJs des mitea de we bleœuree. Keura^thânique. Mme Jeanne Belv-êrt, quarante et un ans. t&mroe de ménage, S7, de Paxia, s'a*. Jetée par la est morte à l'hO3plc-5 des Petitsa rapfrb* en Seine. e proximité J* CMlavr* de M. Zenon quaraoite-slï aas, de natioiuUite polonaise, tttswn (Jepafs quatre jours de jwn domici[*h A la atUts dé dhagTliu Intimes. M. Ren« Verduo, vingt-huit ams. iï ^18, rue CoûombieT-Bemwd, à lab«s, s'est pendu d»m& aa chambre. Un coureur r cycliste grièvement blessé' en cour le Caen, 23 juin (dép. Petit Parisien.) Un grave ftccld*ttt s'est produit cette nuit, fl,u vélodrome de Venait, au cours d'une réunion nocturne, Vers minuit, alori que se déroulait la dernière course, une américaine, à laquelle prenaient part vingt-deux coureurs, un cycliste, M. Eugène La.porter. domicilié à Héroaville, se trouva déporté dana un virage et alla se Jeter contre un poteau d'éclairage placé da.na ce virage, à l'intérieur de la plate. Le malheureux ae défonça, lecrâne. L'absence de médecin amena une vi-oleote manifestation de la part dea spectateurs, qui envahirent la piste. On put enfin faire à M. Laporte un pansement de fortune et Le traasporUr à l'hôpital, où il fut trépané d;'urg*nc*. Son état reste très grave. Un autre coureur, M. Robert Qréloir! de rtnv«ns* lui ftUBBt, eu de multiple* conttulo&a. Un discours du professeur Portmam Gujan-Mwtraa (Gironde), 23 Juin. Un grand banquet a réunid'hui jjou« la présidence du professeur Georges Portmann, sénateur de la Gironde, la municipalité du bassin d'Ar <!&chon et dee régions voisines, grouP^cs Autour du maire de la commune, le docteur Louis Bézian, et de M. Pîerra Dignac, député. ancien ministre, maire de La Teflte. Après un exposé de M. Dl#nac sur la polrtique monétaire, le professeur Georgtn Porttnajiti a pria la. parole. Etudiant tout ap&ctalemeQt les relations franco-ilîemandfls, le repréaentant de la Gironde a, rappelé l*e grandes HgTies de la politique étrangère de la France depuis i'armisUce. Il semble, a-t-ll dit. que la Franco se relève vite fle ses que de aea défaites. Ce furent les années qui .luiralliions d'hommes. le. par contre, U semble que la Fruioe ait perdu Col dans sa destinée. L'orateur a montré que lea sacrifices consentis par la France dans l'oeuvre de paix n'ont pas été payés de retour, puisqu'ils ont abouti la violation, systématique du traité de Versailles et tout récemment encore de ses clauses militaires. dans VEst-iEuropiTfeB,. m tnaiate dur ia valeur des pactes signé. par M. Pierre Lavaî, en le Se pacte francoflûvlétlque. A ceux qui a'étortfiaat de l'attitude récente de La il il a montré que la politique anglaise, fidèle à 8&s _trajdktto-n«. reste une politique insulaire d'équîhbre dea forces europé«tn*s pour en demeurer l'arbitre. Portmann a fait un appel aux jeunes. Nés dans un monde difficile, n-t-il notamment cïéclapé. et où t'atmoapnère eat lourds .IL raflpirer. Ma ne doivent pas realors de leurs atnés, mal» constituer autour dea chefs, sac les qualité d'ime desquels ils main et ârott d'être e:dg*ants, phitstenà kautorités. EXPOSITION DE BRUXELLES IL A Grand choix de voyages en autocar et en chemin de fer Do 1 à < loin De 120 à 635 francs TOUS FRAIS COMPRIS Envo[ gratuit ttea programmes «KtajKAa BUHiEA-U D VOYAGES HALL D'INJliRiEATIOUS 6. bd Montmartaw, Gut. Le "PSTO^WRSien LE DIMANCHE ELECTORAL GKïfl. Eltctioii au cotueU général du canton de Mirande Mi. Lartigue, s. t. i. c, candidat des gauchea, est élu avec L1Q4 vt>x contre 886 à IL Lacoetû, d^mocrata popuîaJre. L'élection de IL tartiçue, élu «a octobre avait été annulée par le conseil d'J±Jts.t, itte-Bt-Viîaint. M. Josaph Mr*P*i. nuire de Jarené, rép. indép., été Élu conseiller d'arronijlsaement du ctnîan de rousftrta' sud. Calvados. Conseil d'arrondissement de Caan. Canton de Bourgu*bufl. «fct Fluette, il, T. c.r vnhc Lamy, rép. de g., 585. liera], canton d'Ar fente ul], pour le «legs laissé vacant par M. Decoman, ancien maire de la localité, d^misïionnajrn les élections de mil IL Péronnet, communiste. 11.6T3 voix, élu u. d, 1Q.GS5 Weber, s. 1. i. o., fl I 1 1 K ia montagne, oy«i toui un« JUMELLE PRISMATIQUE OPTO-PLAIT Grossissement Vendue avec ^dtuFfé d'échange» EXCEPTIONNEL au 8 meniuûlitéi de 26 frs la même 8x32, 3SO frs Exclusivité Dis Étaïussements PHOTO-PLAIT 35-37-39, Roc Liftyttte, PARISlo^ et SON Ni Il CATALOaUl PHOTO CINIMA I9JÏ Z£'55. KOLJ55Et, aie. CHEMINS DE FER DE L'ETAT Fhiu un mffr£ftble WMb-end ï tHet>p« »̃), trajet et l h. *i. Du julD su molli], et Têtues de «us au retour, taa4 tes lundis et lendétnuins de fet^B. Parla Smtt-ULiap;. dSj.irt la: h. H: et dans tous les sens, il trouve le total de « sans toutefois employer deux fois le même numéro. Le brave ALI-BABA à la vue des avions perd la tête et ne trouve plui la façon exacte de placer ces chiffres. Il est désespéré: AlDEZ-LE, trauvez maintenant, vous, !a solution exacte, et adressez-nous la sans tarder. cela ne vous engage à rien. Si votre solution est juste vous recevrez par retour les conditions du cortcours. En plus des prix espèces, chaque concurrent quafffié recevra gratuitement un dixième de billet de la Loterie Nationale. Ne perdez donc pas de temps car ce Concours sera irrévocablement clos le 7 juillet 1935, et ce sec peut être vous le gnsnont du lr prix de francs en espèces. N'hésiter pas, dès que vous aurez trouvé la wlution, envoyez-le sur papier à lettre, à M. F. R. 51, Av. des Champs-Elysées, Paris. Service M. P. Le départ du Urwiil Frjx de l'Autoinotiie-Clnb dfi Fiwce LE GRAND PRIX DE L'AUTOMOBILE CLUB DE FRANCE A MONTLHÉRY Un émouvant duel entre Caracciola et Nuvolari suivi d'une monotone fin de course NUVOLARI, AYANT ABANDONNÉ, L'ALLEMAND L'A EMPORTE A LA MOYENNE DE 124 KM. 571 RÉFLEXIONS Aux mince* joies sportives que ta compétition de* bolides 1935 dispensa ojkp cent mille spectateurs de lAnasMofitthéry ae mêlèrent d'amers regrets. Queue tristesse, en effet, d'assister une bataille entre concurrente étra*gera sut un autodrome jrançats î Et pourtant, noua possédons dea conatrnctmrs l'audace raisonnes, des ingéiâ&tnt de grande valeur, une maind'œuvr« d'élite. mais, sur 14 cir-utt trace d travers le vardoyant décor de paysage ai spécifiquement français, aucune réaUaation de notre indvAtrw ne concurrençait tea engins d'acier dea marques italiennes et allemandes. Nous n'étions p&i préparés! Jtfaia ai noua l'avions été, pouvions-nous espérer triompher t U vaut mieux, peutêtre, ne pas trop s'appesantir sur 4es raisons de notre défaillance. Sur Iea deux voitures tricolores engagées une seul* prit le départ, ceUe de Bmwtet Marcel Lekova ne s'était pas présenté, sa machine n'étant pas au point. Peu avant l'épreuve, nous eûmes S'aîHeurs l'occasion de comparer le» méthodes en visitant tes écuries où, des c monstres » attendaient l'heure H. Chez les Allemands et les Italiens, portes closes. Les machines étaient prêtes. Méthode Par contre, des mécaniciens s'affairaient encore autour des voitures franc'était la fièvre des derniers préparatifs* Improvisation La déception fut plus sensible encore lorsque d'on assista à la touchante course des vieux < tacots n de chez noua. Ces émouvantes relique», dont l'une date de 1891, semblaient tourner alertement sur le ciment peur nous rappeler que l'industrie automobile française lut la première à prospérer. Certes, nos constructeurs produisent, pour tes besoins courants des usagers, des voiture* incomparables. Mais nous tort d'oublier que la. voiture de course sert constatérabtement la cause des industries nationales. Par Yêctett et le retentissement de leurs exploits eiles frap* pent l'imagination des foules et la incitent à des jugements favorables. Il faudrait bien tout de même que la France, berceau des premters-n6* de f industrie autom-obUe, s'en rendit compte. Roger Ma&heb. LA COURSE A 12 h. SO, les concurrents du Grand Prix font leur apparition sur la plate et es ranger devant leurs fitanda respactira. C'est d'abord trois voitures allemandes que doivent piloter Caraticlola, Fagioli et von IBrauchltsch, suivie peu après de la t Scuderia Ferrari », avec Nuvotari et Chimn. Ensuite, la c Scuderia Su bal dîna s, que pilotent Zehen.de et qui remplace Etanceîin. puis viennent lis trois autre* voitures allemandes, avec Stuck, Varzi et Rosemeyer. Enfin, la construckion française; re présentée uniquement par la voiture que pilote Robert Benolst, ia voiture réservée à Lêhoux ne pte~nant pas le départ A 12 b. les onze voitures viennent se «ur les ordres du starter et, à là h. dans un vrombissement infernal de moïeurt, les voitures e'éîancent, Au premier passade, c'est Nuvolarl, qui est en tête, suivi par Stuck, VA.ni et Caraaciola. Au deuxième tour, Kuvoliri à prij 500 mètres d'avance sur Btuck et Caracciel*, tandis que Varirt doit s'arrêter à eon stand pour des ennuis d'allumage. il repart peu après. La moyenne, dans les deux premiers tours, est de 134 kmheure. NuvDlarl continue à mener devant sufvl par Chiron at Stlîck. Robert Benoist est huitième. V&rzi s'arrête de nouveau et perd un tour. le duel NuTolarî-CaraccioU La lutte est extrêmement serrée entre Nuvolari et Caracdola, qui ge suivant de très près, tandis que le capot da la voiture de Benoist s'envola au passage dea trjtumea. Le maître conducteur a évité l'accident. Mais quelle émotionAu S1 tour, CaraceJola réussit à pas Her Nuvolari, tandis qu'au tour, 11 La lutte est toujours très vtve et, au On signale l'abandon de Chiron. I*» OWlt kilomètres s&nt couverts par T/1O, à la moyenne Au cours du 11' tour, l'Allemand plus que neuf concurrents en coursa Nuvolari 1 h. 7' 3/10. $ la moyenne de 134 km. Benoît tf'arrête îoogneAu cours du 14' tour, Caraociols. râtt*c'est un6 luttecontinuelle entre ces deux condiKiteurs. NiiTftlari abandonne Coup de théâtre Ail 15' tour, N1*vûlart, qui menait jusqu'ici, est obligé niqued, et trois voitures allemaundea sont asuleg «ci tête. CaraOcldla eat suivi par sea camarades d'écurie Fagiûll et von Brauohitieciï. Lee autres cooeurLes 200 kilomètres Bout oo^ivertï par Catô-Mlûla en 1 h. 30' 1/10, à la moyenna de 132 km. W4. Au dix-huitième tour, c'est Fayiolî qui prend la tête, devant Caracciola. et von Brauchitsch, tandis que Benoist rejsart avec 8 tours de retard. A es moment, U reste 1 «meumnts en course. Classement nu-coorse A mi-couxae, aux 250 kilométrer, 1» c]«jM«ment s'établît ftEnsl L Fairiolï, en 1 h. 54' 2" 4/10, ciola, lh.MT 2/10 9. Braucïiitdi, 1 h. m1 4. Zenender Yard 6. 6. SomAu coure du vingt-trot il fane tour de course, Robert Senotet abandonne et il ne rwrt* plue que etx concurrents. L'Allemand. Caraoclola reprend le ooDLmamd^ment. Le train ee et la moyenne horaire tombe. Les trois voitures allemaadea continuent leur rondo son» être inquiétées et, sauf incident. La victoire ne peut leur échapper. .Aux 800 hiiomètrea 1, Caracciola, en 2 h. là' 53" 9/10 (moyenne 129 km. 2. Von Brauchitach, 2 h. 13' 6/lQî F&gtoU, 2 h. 10' 10" 6/10. La fin monntoBe de la couru £<a ronde sa poursuit sans changement darus le tlaaaemant. Fagloïl a deux toura cl* retard aur »eg deux camara4es, ayant été obligé de s'arrêter plusieurs fols à son stand NATATION Pour le match France-Allemagne notre équipe de water-polo et formée En vue de mettre au point l'équipe stade nautique d«g Toutallea, celle d'Allemagne, le dimanche 7 juillet, ta Fédévetsge a fait diap^ter, hier, «.nI!! ïe et de ûélection entre le» meilleurs A l'iaeue de ce m&tth, requise de France fut ainsi eouetitué* Bttt Delporte (E. N. Tourcoing). Arrières Lambert (E, N. Tourcoing), Bulteel (E. N. Tourcoing). Demi: Padoa (E. N. Tourcoing}. Avants Cuvilly CC. M. Paris), Dléner (S. R. Colmar). Cuvelleï tE. N. Tourcoing), Kemplaçanta Crem*ra (C. N. F,, Jodet (C. N. P.), Lstebvre ZC. N. P.). Vandecastelte <E. N. Tourcoing), Vaadeplaacke (E. N. Touircotnff). LES AUTRES résultats OCLISMfi. Paii«-3IOPt«reftil IBroochl i Cataptaaa 3. THomad 4. 5. Mpretti L* Nizeiifty ï. Cottln. ville 2. MaagSn 3. Ltunbqrtî 4. Cosaon derlé 3. Dehatoud 4, Cûimoud 5. Ntcol 6ûuenton 7, Qrun 8. BiouH lord Mauclieron et Pofiuari. Grand Pria du Sud-Onert: f étape Bttyonne-PîàU. L Samaran %̃ Anangoltz S, Midmiwt; S. BauMlAUd: 4. Bictiery:rlfwalt minier du Nord 1. H*nr De,jeix 1 Blin 3. Wfl.tken= i. Merown B. dernj; S. Diomriihïw; 10. Christian. crvnd Prît de aiMsiflï* Eprtuve dfanuttre au pao-c Borrty. 1. Testera^ 2. ConcS. Plemontsdi1 7. Ch. PëEiaaier: 8. Ofcmn&n; 6. Di Pacot, W. Bertonl. PRLOTE BASQUE. An Frontwi de Parts Au petit ehiatera. le Réveil Be.sc.0 B^arn&ia bat !'U. S. Sïétrû. 50 pM fe 38.hattaût BegbQd$r, CfLWWt. Forobert, 6o PU a Bousquet, Gxrcfa. LecoBa battant HOAE. A A Valence EtalgçlilJJ* ohaûipion du trtôndé poids coq. bat Gabes par A LUI* Le Bel s* Kid DwTkl A battu, tke. FOOTBALL. A Bolopio bat Lugâtio, 2 buts A 1 A Munich i Kaclnf Club 0e Stranbourp nut, t buts à 4. AUX 400 kilomètre» L L C&TaCClola, en 3 h. 10' 26" 8/10 (moyenne 126 km. 2. Von Erauchitach, 3 h. 10' 28" 3. Fagiaii, à deux tours; 4. Zehender. à tours; 5. VarzE. à 6 tûiira; 6. tonie extrême. Plue de lutte etttre ïe* marques Concurrentes et C'est il une en vainqueurSea a 300 kilomètres d. l'épreuve, suivi de ¡son compatriote Von Br&uchitECïi. Fagioli est passé., sur prend la troisième place LE CLASSEMENT 1. CABACCIOLA i a. &S" 6/io <moy«in«) i S, JSehender. h î ta-arn i. FAgloll, 4 tours 5. Bosemeyer, a. 6 tourt 6. Sommer, il £ tours. LES GRANDS PRIX DE L'l!. M. F. Prunier* cour» Lea motm de 173 et S50 cmc. partent kilomètres, tandis que les &50 cmc. j parcourent 200 kïlomè-tree. 176 emc. L l n. 39' 0" 6/10, moyenne 90 )un 2. Padovan4, rn 1 h, 39' il" S/li> 3. Yvon Goor. en I h. 4V l/l(K Catégorie 350 cmc. ̃ 1, XUagenhclm, en 1 il. 4ff B/lft. moyeraifl im Km, 2. Loyer. en 1 h. 44' 3" 3. Collette:. 1 h. 4. Balsa 1 h. &8" 3/1U Stroinbere, 1 b. 45' 6. Srelzzll î. Brwednt, -etc. Dtuitlàua cour»* Partent également ensemble les motos de 200 et B00 eme, La. distança à 175 km., tandis que lea 500 emc. ont 200 km. à parûfnirir. Moto* 250 emc L Lambert-* Meullw, en 1 h. 4B1 39" 8A0, la moyenn* de l&l km. 4S7 2. Jeu^nln. en 1 h. Un 3. Notflt. 13 tiui» JToto» 600 cw*p. t. Jïiîhoui, *n 1 h. &" 6/10, moyenne 11 km. 3S0 2. Cora, en 1 1 47" 3. Bwticïi, à trois tours. L'EXHIBITION DES VIEUX TACOTS C'est ensuite la course original des vielUea voitures. Une tr«qt&In4 de concurrents prennent îe départ ettaradent pendant trols tours de piste, suit avec humour cette exhibition das vieilles g^oirea. C'est Djaniguian, sur son tricycle de Dion-Bouton çui 1 gagnô l'épreuve SUR LA ROUTE Jean Aerts enlève le 8a ParisVichy Vichy. 29 juin (dtp. Petit Parisien.) La. 3e cours* cycliste Paris-Vichy, organisée par le Véîq Club Vlchysois, aveo le concours du Journal, a remporté un gros succès. Elle fut fort antmée, notamment en son début, A la avant Coane, il était rejoint par un groupe d'une quinzaine de coureurs dont les plus ardents étaient Jean Aerta et Louviot. Da nombreux coureurs abandonné Je*A«rtï reht, notamment Rebry, MJtûQaiard, WeiBfl, Lap*hlet Itûsai, Déforme. La chaleur rendit l'épreuve tria pénible, et après Goene U ne restait plue que 25 concutrents dans 1e. compétition. Résultats Jean Aerta. h. 50 2. Van ByiiaelBenoit F*ure 5. Bruno 6. De C&liïw* 7. Louviot 8. es œqua, D*ûf&1i, l£&rcU]lou, Vl«rÉncta, Gallleo, Blssêron, Vêrmiono, toua «unemble av« le même temps 1S. J*nTler. Tout ParU-Strâitourg, Tout le Grand Prix de l'A. C. F. jutque» st y ctstupri» l'envol du capot de Benoist. was le. T«vivr** aujourd'hui par i'imagw *t par le tmxl* dans LE MIROIR DES SPORTS LES PRINCIPAUX RESULTATS ¡ AUTOMOBILISME A A MonUhérv. Grand Prix de = l'A. C. F. j 1" Caracdola (Ailei raind), moyenne 124 km. 571; Von 1 | Brauchitsch e' Zehender. I CYCLISME An Pue des Princes, Chim1 pionnal de France de vitelBe sur piste Il Lucien Miehard (pour = la septième fois) T Gérardin. Championnat de France de demifond; I" A. Wambst; Lscqu«h«y; | 3Paillard. | | Paris-Vichy V Jean Aerts i 2' Van Byaaelbergh 3Danneels. Sports féminins Six cents jeunes fille» de Femina Sport évoluent gracieusement La 2Sr fête annuelle de Femina Sport. qui se déroulait hier au stade Elisabeth, a été, pour l'important groupe.ment parisien, l'occasion, d'un grand succès. Un gai aoïell en rehaussa l'éclat et c'est devant una nombreuse assistance. la uenin ml tr»p*i8 du» du jeanca JUIN de ï>nilna^port parmi laquelle on remarquait M. Jean Piot,. député du XIV' arrondissement Mme Milllat, ancienne présidente de la Fédération féminine Mlle Andrée e Jolly, de la Ligue féminins la doctoresee Houdré, présidente de Femina Sport Mme du Houvot, présidente fondatrice M. Chailley-Bert, direcleur de l'Ecole normale d'éducation Physique, qu'évoluèrent près d'un millier de jeune. flLIea, toutes licenciées au club. Comme & l'habitude, le programme, très copieux, offrit une large place aux démonstrations d'ensemble, qui permirent de se rendra compte que, débutantes ou sportives accomplies, toutes pratiquant ré|ru^èrement la culture physique, base de l'entraînement, prélude de la compétition. Aussi, une belle ovation alla la de gymnastique, aux exercices exécutée de façon remarquable par aix cents jeunes filles en cinq degré. de qui mirent en Miel la valeur et les bienfaits de l'eftort phystque. générateur de santé. L'athlétiom*. avec sea cotir»w, sauta Uncarç, eut «s participante*, et la mercure fut Mlle Mabillg qui, aussi bien, sur 80 Mètres que sur 200 mctTea. réalisa, d'excellents temps avoislnajtt l«j ncords de France, Cette année encore. le clou de oetU alla au grand vfflowael, qui cl&tura la réunion, Les évolutions coetumées et fleuries dea trente-deux sociétaires furent sa^luéeg unanimement, tandis que l'Harmonie des chemins de fer de l'Etat se faisait entendre au coûte dee différentes présentations* 1*. Picbpee, so mètre* plat 1. Mlle Mabllie, 10 90 mètres taries 1. Mils MablUe, 13" 4/B; 2. Mlle M&rly 3. Mlle Tamara. mètres pïat i. Mite wat>lU«, »" */fi: 2. Mlle H. Mayer Mlle Goste. 800 mêfres niai; 1 Mlle Louerai». 2' 4i'h 2. Aille Ma II et 3. AQle Martin. Reïaw (8X125 mètrea) L Athlétlsnn* 2. Football Easltet 4. reockey. 8(ntt en hauteur .̃ i. Mlle Jesansky, 1 m. 40 2 ex tequo Mlles QafUet, Tc41ot et Tamara, 1 m. XI. .et à Courbevoie des tenteint* de iportÏTei s'exercent brilÏBimnmt aux jeux du stade Sur 1« nouveau stade de la société de Courbevoie ae eont déroulées les êpTeuveg de la journée pé un tree grand nombre de concurrente/ Le nouveau stade dù à ï'initiative de iâ. Crisoni, député maire de Courbevoie est vralment un modèle du genre. Grand, spacfeiut, aménagements semblent dépuser tout ce qy-l .IL été fait en France jusqu'Ici, tout y a été prevu pour que les Athlètes aient le majtimum de confort. L'épr«uve principale do la journée At&it Ja Anale de la Coupe nationale d'éducation physique, elle fut remporté*, par équipe, par ta. Société municipale de gymnastique de Lille. Mita Cour&geil*, de une. obtenait la predernier. Oette première plaça CI, portée facilement, malffrfe le lot élevé de concurrentes. Oatta belle manifestât ta tt «pottive j 4tfttt eomplètée par un festival, au -cour, duquel de nombreuses ioctëtéa j exécutèrent des damea et des ballets'! costumé a qui obtinrent un Joli fiuccèa. j Les démonstrations de gymnastique musicale et rythmique exécutées par la société d" Bols-Colombe et nant une centaine 4r#ré'eutante furent j aussi très Un grand défilé cette réunion que préeideit M. Gri90iïi> député maire de Courbevoie, eonsetl jénëral et du oaplUlne Viffler, représentant le de 1 Educatioit nationale. B. T. Résultat ClrJ-nwnt individuel t courge.2 s. PasaulBT(Montmartr*) 195.60 4. Démo* lia (ReliriH) 1B1.4O 5. Cloarec lîtçnneaj 194 ft. LemaltT* (Renrittt) 1M..40 7. NouH«t (Llllfrï IWM 8. S. Bniael (BnrdftAUK> 1R7.40 §. G-aums (Vithy) 1S*.4O 10. Piriw 12. GenWn fHemi«> IB. H*lewaut (Uîlô) Bourûlatis tLyonï 17Q.30 Dutftntwt (Vichy) 1T0.B0. Cîaassmsnt par tquipex 1. Comité du Lillft) SM.eO-, 2. Comité 44 Champagne (Société des S&uvetaurs de R$îm«} 3, ÇomiM du Centre (La. Vichyaaoiae de, Vlctir) 862.S0 A. Ccrniïté de Bretagnt (Cttfie l'Est de de Charïeville) 6. Comité de Parla l&océté muncide &urbSvoJo) SÛ2.S0 Comité Ai Côté {Lase ce 7fe.« 3, Comîlë du ti?a du Cogner Le Mane) 683rS0. Sos^ei-BBÏt. Sflettion parblennft bat RupeUa SpoftW* la RoChtUe, Par pointa Paris-Strasbourg la marche si Ce que furent les héros de la fantastique randonnée Strasbourg, 23 juin. D'Utf tm Noa KNWIYÊB SPÉCÎAUI Après Rom«nsT mâle athlète dont les qualités des enfanta de la vieille coloj nie française, ;Le Paris-Strasbourg », c'est pour le citoyen a.doptlï de ta ville de Coulommlëre, une «Auvelle page sa vf* d'aventures. Tout là-bas, dam soa ne. il était boy-acout et la de romans lui donna le goût du voyage. A quatorze ans, il débarquait au Havre. Il n'avait pas da compte en baaque, pat de carnet de il fut peintre en bâti meute dans le grand port, docker à Bordeaux, plongeur à Paris, Il vint à CoulOmmlera comme livreur datu une usine d'orïèvrerie et fit la conaaiaaance de Plerre Iouchkoff, exilé russe aprèe avoir été capitaine de la. garde impériale. Iouchkoff s'Improvisa professeur de marche comme d'autres de ses compatriotes mont professeurs de danse. L'élève fut docile et Zaml, dans six Parie-Strasbourg, confirme sa valeur. Charles I>ujardtn, le gavroche de Saiat-Ûuen, a, ternilné son sixième Farls-Strasbourg, comme Alfred Steln* meta. Derrière cette vieille garde voici le Normand Denner. de Louviers. n'a pas vingt ans. Il a toujours lea ambltloas de la jeunçese, 1/s.n foraler. ses pieds, trop fragiles, le contraignirent à abandonner à Ch&fon&, H a pria aa revanche et une place da elnquïème en. un temps de vainqueur esjt Cornet, le mtneur de Bruay, parti à folle allure en. battant la record dea 100 kilomètres, n'a pas voulu laisser accréditer une légende. Certain» disaient qu'U ne tiendrait pas i] est viUe Henxt«quïah de Saint-Diaier Van Haname, champion de Be5 pique, sont j Et c0 matin, dès 6 h, 2't, Foathl*rr du Club des Marcheurs du Petit Parid'arrivée. Lui. c'est l'éfevô de Joseph Uacquay, l'ancien champion de France de* 20 En deux ara, il lui ïUxiàfflfi an lBfl*, onzième en 19M. Quesnot, d'Elbeuf. enfant chérJ da M. Lebret. député-maire de la cité ouvrière. qui, si aou vent, vient sur la route, montre aueel les belles qualités de ténacité de la Normande. Les Bragards, tous habitants de ceux qui savent si bien accueillir nos marcheurs, seront dans la loi*. Hennetreizième avec ea coutumière nonchalance aans faire un pu plus vite que l'autre. Encore un gara de la mina et voici Houlette, de Bruay. L'U. F. M. l'avait sélectionné comme aolxantedata de la garaieon. dont le. uniformes bleu ciel Jettent sur !a place Kléber une ard&ntjg i. les applaudir. Un autre gara du Nord, un autre maraheur de Luné ville, Renard, le docker du Havre Lesterata. h. 3ft combien sont grandes les resdm g pousae-caUïoua 2-. Le jeune Sarrazin, le vétér-an Arklpoff, anrien marln de le marina russe dans la i Baltique, et la coloeae Perroud. un méde Beaucourt, avaient aaao3 Comme elle est belle, cette fraternité de la Mais le juge arbitre, Emile Antoine, vigilant gardien du roulement offleiel, ne tortèrB pas les dead-neat et, [sur la place Kléber, las trois lnËépa< '1 tabla.. dursat batailler pour leur du.sement. Comme leur* jambes étaient encore tres. Kt Maurice SarrazLn qui, en l#S0f f.1¿¡aU escorte avec les gosses de Chiions. sur*Mam6 k Godart et qui est devenu sur 100 et 200 kilomètres, gagna uettement détaché, battant ses deux compa.gnons. Ses progrès sont trè* grands, Oar Il g'a^ne six heures sur son temps de 1934. Cola»! de Montreuil; Siebert, de Nancy, terminèrent eusai peu aprèa. D'autres sont attendus. M serontce soir, avant la fermeture du contrôle, 29 car de Schirmeck des nouvoiles Eont arrivées signalant le départ de sspt conçnrrents. Chalumeau a quitté ce contrôle 0 heures; Bennlnger, à 9 h. 15; Bouchindhomme, à 9 h. 80; Thibault, à 9 h. 50; Gros, à 10 h. 25; Crotolle, à 10 h. SDF et Robbez. à 10 h. 45. lia a on t aur les routes d'Aiaace. Ils approchent dea vieilles fortifications de Strasbourg et. tout à 1'heure, lia auront terminé la grande randonnée.
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https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton%20Creek%20%28suba%20sa%20Tinipong%20Bansa%2C%20Montana%29
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
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Burton Creek (suba sa Tinipong Bansa, Montana)
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https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burton Creek (suba sa Tinipong Bansa, Montana)&action=history
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Cebuano
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Spoken
| 76 | 109 |
Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang Burton Creek.
Suba ang Burton Creek sa Tinipong Bansa. Nahimutang ni sa kondado sa Sanders County ug estado sa Montana, sa sentro nga bahin sa nasod, km sa kasadpan sa Washington, D.C. Ang Burton Creek mao ang bahin sa tubig-saluran sa Columbia River ang ulohan sa nasod.
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Columbia River (suba sa Tinipong Bansa) tubig-saluran
Mga suba sa Montana (estado)
| 14,997 |
https://github.com/jsemer/timeloop-accelergy-exercises/blob/master/workspace/exercises/2021.isca/designs/04.2.1-eyeriss-like-gating/scripts/run.sh
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
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timeloop-accelergy-exercises
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jsemer
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Shell
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Code
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timeloop-model ../arch/*.yaml ../components/*.yaml ../sparse_opt/*.yaml ../mapping/*.yaml ../prob/*.yaml -o ../output/
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https://openalex.org/W2966387453
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OpenAlex
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Open Science
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Public Domain
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Biosimilars of low molecular weight heparins: Relevant background information for your drug formulary
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Jacobus Brouwers
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English
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Spoken
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Biosimilars of low molecular weight heparins
Brouwers, Jacobus R. B. J.; van Lennep, Jeanine E. Roeters; Beinema, Maarten J. Published in:
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Published in:
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Published in:
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology DOI:
10.1111/bcp.14081 DOI:
10.1111/bcp.14081 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from
it. Please check the document version below. Document Version
Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from
it. Please check the document version below. D
t V
i Document Version
Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA):
Brouwers, J. R. B. J., van Lennep, J. E. R., & Beinema, M. J. (2019). Biosimilars of low molecular weight
heparins: Relevant background information for your drug formulary. British Journal of Clinical
Pharmacology, 85(11), 2479-2486. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14081 Copyright
Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the
author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). University of Groningen
Biosimilars of low molecular weight heparins
Brouwers, Jacobus R. B. J.; van Lennep, Jeanine E. Roeters; Beinema, Maarten J.
Published in:
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
DOI:
10.1111/bcp.14081
IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from
it. Please check the document version below.
Document Version
Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
Publication date:
2019
Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database
Citation for published version (APA):
Brouwers, J. R. B. J., van Lennep, J. E. R., & Beinema, M. J. (2019). Biosimilars of low molecular weight
heparins: Relevant background information for your drug formulary. British Journal of Clinical
Pharmacology, 85(11), 2479-2486. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14081 University of Groningen
Biosimilars of low molecular weight heparins
Brouwers, Jacobus R. B. J.; van Lennep, Jeanine E. Roeters; Beinema, Maarten J. Published in:
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
DOI:
10.1111/bcp.14081
IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from
it. Please check the document version below. Document Version
Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
Publication date:
2019
Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database
Citation for published version (APA):
Brouwers, J. R. B. J., van Lennep, J. E. R., & Beinema, M. J. (2019). Biosimilars of low molecular weight
heparins: Relevant background information for your drug formulary. British Journal of Clinical
Pharmacology, 85(11), 2479-2486. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14081 University of Groningen The authors confirm the Principal Investigator of this paper is Jacobus Brouwers and that he
had direct responsibility for the initiation of this subject and the selection of substances
described R E V I E W R E V I E W anticoagulant, biosimilar, formulary, generics, low molecular weight heparin anticoagulant, biosimilar, formulary, generics, low molecular weight heparin Copyright strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of th
or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne-
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and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the
number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the
number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 24-10-2024 Revised: 15 July 2019
Accepted: 19 July 2019 ved: 4 November 2018
Revised: 15 July 2019
Accepted: 19 July 2019 Received: 4 November 2018
Revised: 15 July 2019
Accepted: 19 July 2019
DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14081 © 2019 The British Pharmacological Society
2479 Jacobus R.B.J. Brouwers1,2
| Jeanine E. Roeters van Lennep3 | Maarten J. Beinema4 Jacobus R.B.J. Brouwers1,2
| Jeanine E. Roeters van Lennep3 | Maarte Biosimilars of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are more alike the originator
than different branded LMWHs. The latter differ largely in molecular weight, anti‐
FXa/anti‐FIIa ratio and antithrombin binding. The Food and Drug Administration
and European Medicines Agency guidelines are sufficient for the clinical use of high
quality LMWHs. However, the Food and Drug Administration guideline lacks the
results of a phase I clinical trial in the approval process. Most information about
biosimilars is available for enoxaparin given that many biosimilars of enoxaparin have
received market access. The guidelines of many International Thrombosis Societies
for LMWH biosimilars are too stringent, not updated and impractical for formulary
uptake discussions. This review gives background information on critical factors for
the formulary uptake process of LMWHs with special attention for the use of the
System of Objectified Judgment Analysis/Infomatrix model. Correspondence
Jacobus R.B.J. Brouwers, PharmD, PhD, Unit
Pharmacotherapy ‐Epidemiology and
‐Economy, Groningen Research Institute of
Pharmacy, University of Groningen,
Groningen, The Netherlands. Email: jrbjbrouwers@live.nl wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/bcp 3.1
|
Regulatory aspects The European Commission prepared jointly with the EMA a guideline
on “Non‐clinical and clinical development of similar biological medici-
nal products containing low‐molecular‐weight‐heparins”.5 The com-
parison of data required for approval of a biosimilar vs a reference
medicine is qualitatively nearly the same. However, quantitatively,
the LMWH biosimilar authorization process is less expanded than
guidelines for non‐LMWH biosimilars.6 This review will focus on the regulatory aspects, quality aspects
and clinical aspects of LMWHs. These data may be helpful for data
collection of interchangeability and substitution between originator
and biosimilar, and to enhance the selection process of biosimilar
LMWHs for uptake in the National or Local Drug Formularies. 1
|
INTRODUCTION In contrast,
biosimilar enoxaparin has only 21 hits (28 July 2019). Organization. This indicates that the active ingredients of these
branded products are not the same, given their difference in molecular
weight distribution [see Table 1]. Enoxaparin is currently the LMWH
with the highest market share and highest citation score in the
Medline medical database (5071 hits, 28 July 2019). In contrast,
biosimilar enoxaparin has only 21 hits (28 July 2019). This is not a formal meta‐analysis of clinical studies because in the
field of biosimilars only limited clinical data are needed and mostly not
or not yet published for approval by EMA or FDA. In the last 10 years many biosimilar or generic variants of branded
LMWHs were introduced. Most of the information on biosimilar
LMWHs
is
available
for
enoxaparin. [http://www.guidetophar-
macology.org; ID 6811: Clexane, enoxaparin sodium, Lovenox, PK‐
10169, RP‐54563]. This review will highlight: This review will highlight: (1) Regulatory aspects of biosimilar and originator LMWHs: European
Medicines Agency (EMA) vs US FDA/EuPh vs USP (1) Regulatory aspects of biosimilar and originator LMWHs: European
Medicines Agency (EMA) vs US FDA/EuPh vs USP (2) Quality aspects. Molecular structure of LMWHs and new sophis-
ticated methods for in vitro/in vivo characteristics of LMWHs (3) Clinical aspects of biosimilars with special attention for heparin‐
induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) (4) Guidelines
and
recommendations
for
generic
or
biosimilar
LMWHs for uptake in the Formulary (4) Guidelines
and
recommendations
for
generic
or
biosimilar
LMWHs for uptake in the Formulary (4) Guidelines
and
recommendations
for
generic
or
biosimilar
LMWHs for uptake in the Formulary Pharmacodynamic tests for LMWHs are available to test the
equivalence and some aspects of safety and efficacy. In HIT, anti‐
PF4/heparin antibodies play a dominant role in unfractionated heparin
and to a lesser extent in LMWHs.7 The incidence of HIT is low (<1%)
in LMWHs and valuable comparative data on LMWH biosimilars are
lacking in the registry files because of the low incidence of this serious
complication. 2
|
SCOPE OF THE REVIEW The EMA guideline for a biosimilar LMWH asks for the approval of
specific aspects of the quality comparison: e.g. molecular weight distri-
bution and overall chemical composition, starting material (e.g. por-
cine) and mode of depolymerization, disaccharide building blocks,
fragment mapping profiles and sequences of selected unfragmented
oligosaccharides, and biological and biochemical assays. Nonclinical
studies need: in vitro assays for evaluation of anti‐FXa and anti‐FIIa,
an appropriate in vivo pharmacodynamics model (anti‐FXa, anti‐FIIa
and release of tissue factor pathway inhibitor [TFPI]). Immunogenicity
does not have to be evaluated in a clinical trial because of the low
predictability. 1
|
INTRODUCTION Nowadays LMWHs are prescribed for treatment of a broad array
of high‐risk potentially life‐threatening thromboembolic complica-
tions: acute coronary syndrome, acute deep vein thrombosis and
pulmonary embolism. The use of LMWHs is also fully documented in
thromboprophylaxis after surgery, in cancer patients and during
pregnancy. Heparin was discovered nearly 100 years ago by Howell (Baltimore,
USA).1 Heparin has to be administered intravenously with the need
of frequent activated partial thromboplastin time monitoring. The
effect of heparin is almost entirely due to its antithrombin action. It
lasted until 1976 before it was elucidated that a specific pentasaccha-
ride structure of the heparin molecule binds specific to antithrombin. The introduction of direct‐acting oral anticoagulants has broad-
ened the choice in anticoagulants for the practitioner. The LMWHs
however still have an established and important role in the prevention
and treatment of acute thromboembolic complications. In cancer
patients with venous thromboembolism and prophylaxis during preg-
nancy, LMWHs remains the drugs of choice.3,4 The discovery of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), a small
part of the large heparin molecule, in 1976 introduced the use of a
new and more patient friendly subcutaneous administration for acute
therapeutic interventions without the need of frequent activated
partial thromboplastin time monitoring. Heparin inhibits the activated
factors X and II, but LMWH inhibits only activated factor X. The effect
of LMWH therapy can be monitored by an anti‐factor Xa (FXa) test. This test is not appropriate for heparin and measures partly the effect
of an LMWH.2 The first LMWHs were approved by the Food and Drug Adminis-
tration (FDA) in the early 1990s. Their approval relied on analytical,
biological and pharmacological data limited by the technology avail-
able that time. Nowadays, the US Pharmacopeia (USP), the European
Pharmacopeia (EuPh) and others have monographs to test the quality
of LMWHs by standard biological and analytical methods. Currently
there are 8 LMWHs available with their own individual international
nonproprietary name (INN) as approved by the World Health
© 2019 The British Pharmacological Society
bcp
2479 Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019;85:2479–2486. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/bcp 2480 BROUWERS ET AL. Mesh terms (all fields): Organization. This indicates that the active ingredients of these
branded products are not the same, given their difference in molecular
weight distribution [see Table 1]. Enoxaparin is currently the LMWH
with the highest market share and highest citation score in the
Medline medical database (5071 hits, 28 July 2019). aReference product in this review; EuPh: European Pharmacopoeia. 3
|
METHODS Search
Strategy Medline (no
starting date
and
ended by
31
March 2019): TABLE 1
Specific characteristics of 8 branded originator low
molecular weight (MW) heparins registered as international nonpro-
prietary name (INN) by the World Health Organization (WHO) [Gray
2009; Minghetti 20139] For clinical studies, the EMA states that conventional pharmacoki-
netic studies cannot be performed, instead pharmacodynamics activi-
ties (anti‐XFXa, anti‐FIIa activity and TFPI) are most relevant. A small
2‐way, double blind study with subcutaneous LMWH in 20 healthy
volunteers
is
needed. Within
the
authorization
procedure
a
pharmacovigilance/risk management plan is needed. INN WHO
product
name
Average
MW (D)
EuPh
Range
MW (D)
Ratio anti‐
FXa/anti‐
FIIa
EuPh Range
for ratio
anti‐FXa/anti‐
FIIa
Bemiparin
3800
8.1–9.7
Certoparin
5400
1.5–2.5
Dalteparin
6000
5600–6400
2.5–4
1.9–3.2
Enoxaparina
4500
3800–5000
3.3–5.3
3.3–5.3
Nadroparin
4300
3600–5000
2.5–4
2.5–4.0
Parnaparin
5000
4000–6000
1.5–3
1.5–3.0
Reviparin
4400
3000–4500
3.6–6.1
Tinzaparin
6500
5500–7500
1.5
1.5–2.5
aReference product in this review; EuPh: European Pharmacopoeia. Most striking are the differences in assessment of comparability of
LMWHs in Europe and the USA. The FDA made a statement that if a
generic product e.g. enoxaparin contained the same active ingredient,
it is marked as a generic drug. This is reflected in 5 criteria by the FDA:
(i) the physical and chemical characteristics of enoxaparin; (ii) the
nature of heparin material and the chemical process to break up
heparin into smaller pieces; (iii) the nature and arrangement of compo-
nents that constitute enoxaparin; (iv) specific laboratory measure-
ments of the product's anticoagulant activity; and (v) specific aspects
(e.g. HIT) of the drug effects in humans. These 5 criteria should ensure
that a generic enoxaparin product will have the same drug effects BROUWERS ET AL. 2481 when administered to the patient. As such, in the USA, there is no
need for additional clinical trials in patients to demonstrate equiva-
lence of the clinical effectiveness and safety of generic enoxaparin
to the branded formulations (Lovanex, Clexane).8,9 Winthrop and Amphastar, compared to the originator from Sanofi,
exhibit dissimilarities in terms of their composition, but the clinical
relevance of this differences in unclear and possible irrelevant.17,18
Furthermore, many of the publications or authors are sponsored by
the originator, so one cannot exclude conflict of interest.19,20 The monographs of LMWHs in the US Pharmacopeia (USP) and
Europe (PhEu) are based on long‐term experience with normal
unfractionated heparin. 3
|
METHODS However, after the 2006 contamination scan-
dal of oversulfated chondroitin in the unfractionated heparin, which is
the raw starting material for LMWHs, more alertness for contaminants
in pharmacopeia is urgent needed.10,11 Monographs of USP and PhEu
have been adapted since that event to ensure better quality of
enoxaparin generic or biosimilar formulations. Small differences in chemical structure may result from the pro-
duction process or the porcine heparin source.17 Figure 1 presents
the synthesis and schematic structure of enoxaparin and the specific
aspects of different domains in the molecule. The main chemical characteristics of European and US LMWHs are
presented in Table 2. To have full access to the physicochemical properties of biosimilar
or generic LMWHs it is essential to have access to the Investigator
Medical Product dossier that is used for the regulatory approval pro-
cess. We note that only for enoxaparin are there sufficient data in
the
public
domain
for
full
physicochemical
characterization
of
biosimilar of generic LMWHs. In conclusion, the FDA has a different approach for authorization
of LMWHs. The FDA states that LMWHs are semisynthetic drugs
(generics) while the EMA classifies them as biological drugs (biologicals). We argue that the authorization process by EMA is more appropriate
than the FDA process. However, the lack of need for phase III clinical
studies in the approval process by FDA and EMA makes high quality
post‐marketing studies on safety issues more urgent. In section 4, this
is illustrated by uptake of phase III trials the criteria for formulary
implementation of LMWHs. It is widely accepted that individual LMWHs are chemically unique
agents and the therapeutic interchangeability of different brands has
been questioned, although they are approved for the same indica-
tions.14 We have to realize that the differences between different
biosimilar/generic enoxaparin presentations are much smaller than
the differences between the different 8 brands of LMWHs. Nowa-
days, the use of enoxaparin biosimilar or generics is fully accepted in
clinical practice. 3.2
|
Quality aspects: molecular structure of LMWHs
and new sophisticated methods for characterization Note that because of the foreseeable shortage of intestinal porcine
mucosa as source for heparin (the raw product for the production of
LMWHs), expansion to other animal tissues seems necessary. Currently,
porcine intestine is the only approved source for producing LMWHs in
most countries.21 Enoxaparin prepared from ovine heparin closely
resembles branded enoxaparin and will soon be tested clinically.22 Heparin is the raw material for the production of LMWHs. The source
for heparin is lung tissue or porcine mucosa. Today, porcine intestinal
mucosa is the preferred raw material for unfractionated heparin (UFH)
as raw material for production of LMWHs. LMWHs are produced by
partially depolymerizing UFH to exhibit a molecular weight of 3–7 kD. The development of new synthetic oligosaccharides, in addition to
pentasaccharides, were published, which can possibly replace biologi-
cal LMWHs in the future.23 LMWHs can be produced by using a variety of means of depoly-
merization (e.g. physical, chemical or enzymatic) of UFH. This can
cause small structural differences. Dalteparin is produced using nitrous
acid digestion, which produces an anhydromanno group at the reduc-
ing end of the LMWH chain. The structural characterization of
dalteparin is well documented by combining different analytical strat-
egies.12 Tinizaparin is produced by enzymatic cleavage of UFH with
heparinase‐I, which induces a double band at the reducing end of
the LMWH chain.13,14 Most of the experimental work on quality con-
trol and structural characterization has been done with enoxaparin.15
Enoxaparin is derived from heparin extracted from porcine intestinal
mucosa, by depolymerization that leads to lower molecular weight
fractions. Enoxaparin is further obtained via alkaline β‐elimination of
the UFH benzylester. Most interesting are research data from China
that the antithrombin binding sites for different sample lots of
enoxaparin (Teva; Sandoz, USA) may differ. Although they have a
similar disaccharide and 3‐O‐sulfogroup containing tetrasaccharide
composition, they were different in antithrombin‐III binding.16 There
may be potential clinical differences in effect if fractions containing
larger sized chains and have a higher antitrombin binding. Overall
the similarity of generic enoxaparin (Teva) has good lot‐to‐lot consis-
tency. The US‐marketed generic enoxaparins from Sandoz/Momenta, 3.3
|
Clinical aspects of LMWHs with special
attention for HIT The guidelines of the US FDA and EMA are leading the clinical devel-
opment plan of biosimilar/generic LMWHs. The US FDA approval
does not require comparative clinical trials between the originator
and the similar LMWH. The EMA has an updated guideline which
came into effect in June 2017.5 This guideline states that conventional
pharmacokinetic studies cannot be performed. Instead, pharmacody-
namic activities, most importantly anti‐Xa, anti‐F IIa and TFPI between
biosimilar LMWH and reference brand should be performed. The
study design should be a randomized, single dose, 2‐way cross‐over
and preferably double‐blind in healthy volunteers. Studies for intravenous or intra‐arterial use are not needed, since
subcutaneous administration covers both adsorption and elimination
of the LMWH. The selected dose should be in the sensitive (steep)
part of the dose–response curve. A dedicated comparative efficacy BROUWERS ET AL. FIGURE 1
Synthesis of enoxaparin from heparin with schematic structures. Chains generated from the internal structure of parent heparin chain
are the most abundant components. (with permission Elsevier and author: Liu et al. J Chromatography A 2017;1480:32040)
BROUWERS ET AL. 2482 FIGURE 1
Synthesis of enoxaparin from heparin with schematic structures. Chains generated from the internal structure of parent heparin chain
are the most abundant components. (with permission Elsevier and author: Liu et al. J Chromatography A 2017;1480:32040) FIGURE 1
Synthesis of enoxaparin from heparin with schematic structures. Chains generated from the internal structure of parent heparin chain
are the most abundant components. (with permission Elsevier and author: Liu et al. J Chromatography A 2017;1480:32040) consequence of this finding.28 Another explorative trial with the same
Brazilian enoxaparin in 200 patients with venous thromboembolism
showed no difference in effect.29 The pharmacovigilance of biosimilars
in the European has not yet lead to safety signals.30 trial is not considered necessary. For the detection of clinical safety, a
comparative safety/immunogenicity study in patients is needed. The
immunogenicity assessment includes determination of HPF4 antibod-
ies and platelet count for early detection of HIT II events. Major bleed-
ings have to be documented. A risk management plan after market
access and authorization in accordance with current European legisla-
tion and pharmacovigilance guidelines is obligatory. Specific attention on the occurrence of HIT should be a more prom-
inent part of the discussion. HIT is a thrombotic disorder caused by
immune complexes containing platelet factor 4 antibodies (PF4) and
heparin or cellular glycoseaminoglycans. 3.3
|
Clinical aspects of LMWHs with special
attention for HIT From clinical studies with
UFH and LMWHs the incidence of clinical relevant HIT is respectively
<1 and 5%.31 PF4‐heparin antibodies are detected in 2–8% of the
LMWH treated patients.32 The reason for only some patients with anti-
bodies acquiring HIT has not been clarified. It has been suggested that a
particular fragment of heparin to PF4 is needed to develop the antigen
epitope.33 However, it should be noted that diagnostic specificity of
widely applied PF4 dependent immunoassays is not very high.32 Com-
mercial immunoassays detect PF4/heparin antibodies in 1–4.3% of
healthy subjects. This background prevalence overlaps the seropositive
rates in LMWH‐ and heparin treated patients, so the normal cut‐off
may require refinement. Although active surveillance of enoxaparin
(generic/biosimilar) is useful and encouraged, the current spontaneous
reporting system will not distinguish product‐specific safety signals Although antithrombin binding of LMWHs is not part of the clinical
data asked for by FDA and EMA assessment process, studies have
been performed that detected small differences between the original
enoxaparin (Sanofi) and the generic LMWH (Teva). It is unlikely that
the differences found between 1 batch of Sanofi enoxaparin and 2
batches of Teva enoxaparin have any clinical consequences.24 There are 3 biosimilarity studies with enoxaparin published from
2008 up to July 2018. Most are Phase I cross over studies in healthy
volunteers, with subcutaneous single doses of 100, 400 and 600 mg
enoxaparin or comparator. The general conclusions from these studies
is that they are bioequivalent.25-27 One study has the focus on immu-
nogenicity of a product from Brazil compared to the originator
enoxaparin. There was a difference in AHPF4 antibodies for the
biosimilar, but the authors made no conclusions what should be the p
§
Beta‐eliminative
cleavage benzylation
and alkaline treatment
Enoxaparin
#
Nonreducing:
4‐enopyranose
urinate
Reducing: 1,6‐
anhydro derivate
See Table 1
See Table 1
Benzylalcohol
Content + %
oligosaccharide chains
that are cylizied in 1,6‐
anhydro ring
Alkaline treatment
with quarternary NH4‐
salt
Bemiparin
§
‐
‐
‐
Enzymatic treatment
Heparinase
Tinzaparin
#
Nonreducing end: 2‐O‐
sulfo‐4 enepyrano‐
suric acid
Reducing end: 2‐N,6‐O‐
disulfo‐D‐
glucosamine
See Table 1
See Table 1
Radical‐catalysed
depolymerization:
peroxide + copper salt
Parnaparin
§
Nonreducing end: 2‐O‐
sulafo‐alfa‐L‐
idopyrano‐suric acid
Reducing end: 2‐N,6‐O‐
disulfo‐D‐
glucosamine
Copper
Market
#USA + EU §EU 2483 BROUWERS ET AL. 3.4
|
Guidelines and formulary considerations for
biosimilar LMWH The recommendations are very detailed and many of them have
not been revised over the last 5 years. Many of the proposals are rel-
evant for improving the process for regulators and only partly for the
formulary uptake process. Many recommendations for the development and use of biosimilar
LMWHs have been published. A summary of these recommendations
is
presented
by
the
International
Society
on Thrombosis
and
Haemostasis,35 The North American Thrombosis Forum, The Scientific
Committee of the International Union of Angiology, South Asian Soci-
ety of Artherosclerosis and Thrombosis, The American Society of
Chest Physicians, The Society of Hospital Medicine, the American
Pharmacists Association, American College of Cardiology, American
Health Association, Austrian Society of Hematology and Oncology,36
and the Italian Society for Haemostasis and Thrombosis.37 Furthermore, many guidelines have nonrealistic proposals or have
authors with conflict of interest as they have received consultancy
or speaker fees from companies who promote the originator
LMWHs.36,37 We
present
some
of
the
nonrealistic
proposals
from
the
guidelines36: (1) Biosimilar follow up‐on LMWHs must be produced exactly as
described in the monograph of the originator product. (1) Biosimilar follow up‐on LMWHs must be produced exactly as
described in the monograph of the originator product. TABLE 3
Example of critical factors for formulary uptake of biosimilar low molecular weight heparin by the use of the System of Objectified
Judgment Analysis/Infomatrix system. Note: Weight factor and key factors are in real life determined by Pharmacy and Therapeutic members g
y
y
g
y
y
y
p
Key factora
Weight factor
Originator‐enoxaparin
Biosimilar A enoxaparin
Biosimilar B enoxaparin
Quality
1. Source porcine heparin
10
10
10
10
2. Modern analytical tests for impurities and
oligosaccharide distribution and other
critical components
10
5
10
10
Nonclinical
1. Pharmacodynamic behaviour in animals41,42
5
5
0
5
Clinical
1. Phase III clinical data
10
10
0
10
2. Data in patients with obesity
5
5
5
0
3. Data in renal impaired patients
5
5
5
5
4. Data during pregnancy
5
5
0
0
5. NNH‐HIT reports
5
5
0
0
6. Postmarketing studies published
5
5
0
0
Other
1. Prophylactic and therapeutic
dosage forms available
20
20
10
20
2. 3.3
|
Clinical aspects of LMWHs with special
attention for HIT Clinicians have to use the most practical approach: regu-
lar thrombocyte counts during therapy with LMWHs for early
detection of HIT, although in clinical practice, this is mostly neglected. The recommendation and guidelines of different societies refer to
the heparin source and production process, analytical methods, lower
limits for impurities that influence the coagulation system, information
on lot‐to lot variation, toxicology studies, animal pharmacodynamic
studies including thrombosis and bleeding models, phase I and III stud-
ies, and pharmacodynamics studies in renally impaired persons. The
file should also include clinical safety and efficacy of the generic
LMWH and a pharmacovigilance programme on the level of traceabil-
ity of the generic. Clinical use of LMWHs is restricted in patients with renal failure,
because LMWHs have renal clearance. Dose adjustments and dosing
guided by anti‐FXa is required for safety reasons in order to prevent
bleeding complications.34 3.3
|
Clinical aspects of LMWHs with special
attention for HIT E 2
Main chemical characteristics of low molecular weight (MW) heparins (LMWHs) [Minghetti et al.9]
olarization method
LMWH
Representative and
residues
MW mean
Xa/IIa ratio
Pharmacopeia specific
assays
Sulfatation degree
minative cleavage
trous acid
Nadroparin
§
Nonreducing; 2‐O‐
sulfo‐alfa‐L‐
idopyranosuric acid
Reducing
See Table 1
See Table 1
Ethanol; N‐NO groups; free
sulfates
Nitrite, boron
2.5
1.8
Dalteparin
#
6‐O‐sulfo‐2,5‐anhydro‐
D‐mannitol
2.5
myl‐nitrate
Reviparin
§
2–2.6
Certoparin
§
2
eliminative
avage benzylation
d alkaline treatment
Enoxaparin
#
Nonreducing:
4‐enopyranose
urinate
Reducing: 1,6‐
anhydro derivate
See Table 1
See Table 1
Benzylalcohol
Content + %
oligosaccharide chains
that are cylizied in 1,6‐
anhydro ring
ne treatment
th quarternary NH4‐
t
Bemiparin
§
‐
‐
‐
matic treatment
parinase
Tinzaparin
#
Nonreducing end: 2‐O‐
sulfo‐4 enepyrano‐
suric acid
Reducing end: 2‐N,6‐O‐
disulfo‐D‐
glucosamine
See Table 1
See Table 1
cal‐catalysed
polymerization:
roxide + copper salt
Parnaparin
§
Nonreducing end: 2‐O‐
sulafo‐alfa‐L‐
idopyrano‐suric acid
Reducing end: 2‐N,6‐O‐
disulfo‐D‐
glucosamine
Copper
et
#USA + EU §EU E 2
Main chemical characteristics of low molecular weight (MW) heparins (LMWHs) [Minghetti et al.9]
arization method
LMWH
Representative and
residues
MW mean
Xa/IIa ratio
Pharmacopeia specific
assays
Sulfatation degree
inative cleavage
rous acid
Nadroparin
§
Nonreducing; 2‐O‐
sulfo‐alfa‐L‐
idopyranosuric acid
Reducing
See Table 1
See Table 1
Ethanol; N‐NO groups; free
sulfates
Nitrite, boron
2.5
1.8
Dalteparin
#
6‐O‐sulfo‐2,5‐anhydro‐
D‐mannitol
2.5
yl‐nitrate
Reviparin
§
2–2.6
Certoparin
§
2
eliminative
avage benzylation
alkaline treatment
Enoxaparin
#
Nonreducing:
4‐enopyranose
urinate
Reducing: 1,6‐
anhydro derivate
See Table 1
See Table 1
Benzylalcohol
Content + %
oligosaccharide chains
that are cylizied in 1,6‐
anhydro ring
ne treatment
h quarternary NH4‐
Bemiparin
§
‐
‐
‐ #USA + EU §EU 2484 BROUWERS ET AL. In summary, most of these guidelines refer preferably to the EMA,
World Health Organization and FDA guidance and their shortcomings. such as HIT incidence. Comparative clinical trials are not feasible,
because >1000 patients in both groups are needed given the low inci-
dence of HIT. Clinicians have to use the most practical approach: regu-
lar thrombocyte counts during therapy with LMWHs for early
detection of HIT, although in clinical practice, this is mostly neglected. such as HIT incidence. Comparative clinical trials are not feasible,
because >1000 patients in both groups are needed given the low inci-
dence of HIT. NH = number needed to harm; HIT, heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. ems needed for the European Medicines Agency approval process are performed and thus there are no key factors. REFERENCES 1. Wardrop D, Keeling D. The story of the discovery of heparin and
warfarin. Br J Haematol. 2008;141(6):757‐763. The formulary decision making is a complex process, practical skills
are needed to make a high‐quality formulary decision. 2. Hemker HC. A century of heparin: past, present and future. J Thromb
Haemost. 2016;14(12):2329‐2338. Taking into account the critical factors in the choice of LMWH in
the formulary decision process we state that a set of minimal require-
ments to warrant appropriate standards of quality and of LMWHs is
needed. Also, a strategy for reduction of prices and to enhance access
to LMWH treatment worldwide is needed. 3. Young AM, Marshal A, Thirlwall J, et al. Comparison of an oral factor Xa
inhibitor with low molecular weight heparin in patients with cancer
with thromboembolism: results of a randomized trial (SELECT‐D). J Clin
Oncol. 2018;36(20):2017‐2023. 4. Fogerty AE. Management of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy. Curr Treat Options Cardiovac Med. 2018;20(8):69. Dutch clinical pharmacists and researchers from Queens University
of Belfast made a model for formulary decision that is applicable for
choices within a therapeutic group e.g. different LMWHs and/or dif-
ferent biosimilar LMWHs: System of Objectified Judgment Analysis
and the Infomatrix method: www.sojaonline.com.38-40 5. EMA‐ Guideline on non‐clinical and clinical development of similar bio-
logical medicinal products containing low‐molecular‐weight‐ heparins
10 Nov 2016 EMA/CHMP/BMWP/118264/2007 revision 1 (into
effect 01‐June 2017) p 1–8. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/docu-
ments/scientific‐guideline/guideline‐non‐clinical‐clinical‐development‐
similar‐biological‐medicinal‐products‐containing‐low_en.pdf. Accessed
August 17, 2019. This model has proven to fulfil criteria for drug selection in the for-
mulary uptake process and for pharmacy benefit managers and payers. This model has proven to fulfil criteria for drug selection in the for-
mulary uptake process and for pharmacy benefit managers and payers. Table 3 shows an example of key factors and weight factors that
have to be determined and approved by voting in advance by the
Pharmacy and Therapeutic committee members. The biosimilar LMWH
with the highest score is the preferential drug for formulary uptake. 6. Kurki P, van Aerts L, Wolff‐Holz E, Giezen T, Skibeli V, Weise M. Inter-
changeability
of
biosimilars:
a
European
perspective. BioDrugs. 2017;31(2):83‐91. 7. Junqueira DR, Zorzela LM, Penini E. Unfractionated heparin versus low
molecular weight heparins for avoiding heparin‐induced thrombocyto-
penia in postoperative patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;4:
CD007557. REFERENCES The LMWH biosimilars that have the most extensive documenta-
tions
and
scientific
publications
are
enoxaparine TEVA
(FDA),
enoxaparin Momenta‐Sandoz (FDA), enoxaparin Techdow UK (EMA)
and enoxaparine Chemi s.p.a.Italy (EMA). 8. Courage N, Parsons A. The comparability conundrum: biosimilars in the
United States, Europe and Canada. Food Drug Law J. 2011;66:203‐224. 9. Minghetti P, Cilurzo F, Franzé S, Musazzi UM, Itri M. Low molecular
weight heparins copies: are they considered to be generics or
biosimilars? Drug Disc Today. 2013;18(5/6):305‐311. Jacobus R.B.J. Brouwers
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7547-1662 Comment: This is not realistic. For such a phase III trial, over 1000
patients in each arm are needed to power the trial sufficiently, with
extreme high costs. COMPETING INTERESTS M.J.B. and J.E.R.v.L. have no competing interests to declare. J.R.B.J.B. received an unrestricted grant fromTechdow London UK, 1 of the dis-
tributors in Europe of a LMWH biological. (3) A minimum of 2 double blind randomized parallel group clinical
phase III trials for noninferiority for each indication and therapeu-
tic equivalence studies in sensitive indications such as venous
thromboembolism or acute coronary syndrome. (3) A minimum of 2 double blind randomized parallel group clinical
phase III trials for noninferiority for each indication and therapeu-
tic equivalence studies in sensitive indications such as venous
thromboembolism or acute coronary syndrome. (2) Batch‐to‐batch analysis demonstrating no difference between
biosimilar follow‐on and originator LMWH. Pharmacovigilance programmes and traceability are essential for
the further evaluation of LMWH‐biosimilar differences.44 Comment: This also seems impossible given that fact that biosimilars
are characterized nowadays with different analytical strategies than
those used when the originator was launched.12,13 Comment: This also seems impossible given that fact that biosimilars
are characterized nowadays with different analytical strategies than
those used when the originator was launched.12,13 3.4
|
Guidelines and formulary considerations for
biosimilar LMWH On the market for >3 years
10
10
10
0
Cost considerations
Price
30
0
30
30
Total score
120 (max)
85
80
90
aItems needed for the European Medicines Agency approval process are performed and thus there are no key factors. NNH = number needed to harm; HIT, heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. aItems needed for the European Medicines Agency approval process are performed and thus there are no key factors. 2485 BROUWERS ET AL. Comment: This seems impossible because the production data are
mostly confidential and modern production methods are often more
precise than the older methods used for the originator. Comment: This seems impossible because the production data are
mostly confidential and modern production methods are often more
precise than the older methods used for the originator. needed. The System of Objectified Judgment Analysis/Infomatrix
model is based on transparent and clinical relevant selection items
and applicable for payers and formulary uptake of LMWHs.40,43 A pro-
posal for critical key factors for uptake of a biosimilar LMWH in the
formulary and/or electronic prescribing module is presented. (2) Batch‐to‐batch analysis demonstrating no difference between
biosimilar follow‐on and originator LMWH. 4
|
CONCLUSION DeCarolis DD, Thornson JG, Clairmont MA, Leuthner AM, Rector TS,
Johnson GJ. Enoxaparin outcomes in patients with moderate renal
impairment. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(22):1713‐1718. 18. Guerrini M, Rudd TR, Mauri L, et al. Differentiation of generic
enoxiparins marketed in the United States by employing NMR and
multivariate analysis. Anal Chem. 2015;87(16):8275‐8283. 35. Harenberg J, Walenga J, Torri G, et al. Update of the recommendations
on biosimilar low molecular weight heparins from the scientific com-
mittee on control of anticoagulation of the international society on
thrombosis
and
Haemostasis. J
Thromb
Haemost. 2013;11(7):
1421‐1425. 19. Mourier PAJ, Herman F, Sizun P, Viskov C. Analytical comparison of a
US generic enoxaparin with the originator product: the focus on com-
parative assessment of antihtrombin‐binding components. J Pharm
Biomed Anal. 2016;129:542‐550. 20. Cohen M, Jeske WP, Nicolau JC, Montalescot G, Fareed J. US food and
dug Administration approvel of generic versions of complex biologics:
implications for the practicing physician using LMWHs. J Thromb
Thrombol. 2012;33(3):230‐238. 36. Kalodiki E, Leong W, on behalf of the SASAT task force on generic
LMWHs. SASAT (South Asian Soc Artherosclerosis & Thrombosis) pro-
posal for regulatory guidelines for generic LMWHs. Cin Appl Thromb
Hemost. 2009;15(1):8‐11. 37. Imberti D, Marietta M, Polo Friz H, Cimminiello C. The introduction of
biosimilars of LMWHs in Europe: a critical review and reappraisal
endorsed by the Italian Society for Haemostasis and Thrombosis
(SISET) and the Italian Society for Angiology and Vascular Medicine
(SIAPAV). Thromb J. 2017;15:13. 21. Guan Y, Xu X, Liu X, et al. Comparison of LMWHs prepared from
bovine lung heparin and porcine instestine heparin. J Pharm Sci. 2016;105(6):1843‐1850. 22. Chen J, Yanlei Y, Fareed J, et al. Comparison of low molecular weight
heparins prepared from ovine heparins with enoxaparin. Clin Appl
Thromb/Hemost. 2019;25:1‐9. 38. Janknegt R, Scott M, Mairs J, Timoney M, McElnay J, Brenninkmeijer
R. System of objectified judgment analysis (SOJA) as a tool for rational
and transparent drug decision making. Exp Opion Pharmacother. 2007;8(Supp 1):S5‐S14. 23. Xu Y, Chandrarajoti K, Zhang X, et al. Synthetic oligosaccharides can
replace animal‐sourced low‐molecular weight heparins. Sci Transl
Med. 2017;9(406):eaan5954. 39. Brenninkmeijer R, Janknegt R. Application of SOJA and Infomatrix in
practice: interactive web and workshop tools. Exp Opion Pharmacother. 2007;8(Supp1):S49‐S55. 24. Mourier PAJ, Herman F, Sizun P, Viskov C. Analytical comparison of a
US generic enoxaparin with the originator product: the focus on com-
parative assessment of anti‐thrombin binding components. 4
|
CONCLUSION 10. Fareed J, Hoppenstaedt DA, Ramacciotti E, Hull RD. Contaminants in
heparins:
are
all
facts
known? Clin
Appl
Thromb
Hemost. 2010;16(3):242‐243. Biosimilar LMWHs are competitive and less expensive than the origi-
nator. Most of the documentation by far is available for the originator
and the biosimilar of enoxaparin. Since the first introduction in clinical
practice, new and better analytical methods are available to identify
more precisely the biosimilar/generic LMWH‐characteristics from
the originator. 11. Ramacciotti E, Clark M, Sadeghi N, et al. Contaminants in heparin:
review of the literature, molecular profiling, and clinical applications. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2011;17(2):126‐135. 12. Bisio A, Urso E, Guerrini M, de Wit P, Torri G, Naggi A. Structural char-
acterization of the LMWH dalteparin combining different analytical
strategies. Molecules. 2017;22:1055. For formulary uptake of LMWHs, straightforward instruments and
models to enhance policy making in a transparent, rational way are 2486 2486 2486 BROUWERS ET AL. major abdominal surgery: report of an exploratory clinical trial. Clin
Appl Thromb Hemost. 2011;17(6):633‐639. major abdominal surgery: report of an exploratory clinical trial. Clin
Appl Thromb Hemost. 2011;17(6):633‐639. 13. Maddineni J, Walenga JM, Jeske WP, et al. Product individuality of
commercial available LMWHs and their generic versions: therapeutic
implications. Clin Appl Thromb Hemostas. 2006;12(3):267‐276. 30. Casadevall GM, Ortel TL. Clinical practice: heparin induced thrombocy-
topenia. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(8):809‐817. 14. Merli G, Vanscoy G, Rihn T, Groce JB 3rd, McCormick W. Applying
scientific criteria to therapeutic interchange: a balanced analysis of
low‐molecular‐weight heparins. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2001;11(3):
247‐259. 31. Junqueira DR, Zorzela LM, Perini E. Unfractionated heparin versus low
molecular weight heparins for avoiding heparin induced thrombocyto-
penia in postoperative patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;4:
CD007557. 15. Gupta R, Ponnusamy MP. Analysis of sulfates on low molecular weight
heparin
using
mass
spectrometry:
structural
characterization
of
enoxaparin. Expert Rev Proteomics. 2018;15(6):503‐513. 32. Arepally GM, Hursting MJ. Platelet factor4/heparin antibody (IgG/M/a)
in healthy subjects: a literature analysis of commercial immunoassay
results. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2008;26(1):55‐61. 16. Chen Y, Zhao J, Yu Y, et al. Antitrombin III‐binding site analysis of
LMWHs. J Pharm Sci. 2018;107:1290‐1295. 33. Jeske W, Walenga JM, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J. Update on the
safety and bioequivalence of biosimilars ‐ focus on enoxaparin. Drug
Healthc Patient Saf. 2013;5:133‐141. 17. Liu X, St Ange K, Lin L, Zhang F, Chi L, Linhardt RJ. Top‐down and bot-
tom
up
analysis
of
commercial
enoxaparins. J
Chromatogr
A. 2017;1480:32‐40. 34. 4
|
CONCLUSION J Pharm
Biomed Anal. 2016;129:542‐550. 40. Scott M, Timoney M, Mairs J, et al. Matrix models and STEPS: conclud-
ing remarks. Exp Opinion Pharmacother. 2007;8(Suppl1):S65‐S67. 25. Kuczka K, Harder S, Picard‐Willems B, et al. Biomarkers and coagula-
tion tests for assessing the biosimilarity of generic low‐molecular‐
weight heparin: results of a study in healthy subjects with enoxaparin. J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;48(10):1189‐1196. 41. Oliveira S‐N, Santos GR, Glauser BF, et al. Structural and functional
analysis of biosimilar enoxaparins available in Brazil. Thromb Haemost. 2015;113(01):53‐65. 26. Feng L, She‐Tu J, Liu J, Chen J, Wu L, Huang M. Bioequivalence of
generic
and
branded
subcutaneous
enoxaparin:
a
single
dose:
randomized‐sequence, open‐label, two period cross over study in
healthy male subjects. Clin Ther. 2009;31(7):1559‐1567. 42. Jeske W, Litinas E, Khan H, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J. A comparison
of pharmacodynamic behavior of branded and biosimilar enoxaparin
in primates. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2012;18(3):294‐298. 43. Smeeding J, Malone DC, Ramchandani M, Stolshek B, Green L,
Schneider P. Biosimilars: considerations for payers. P&t. 2019;44:54‐63. 27. Martínez González J, Monreal M, Ayani Almagia I, Llaudó Garín J,
Ochoa Díaz de Monasterioguren L, Gutierro Adúriz I. Bioequivalence
of a biosimilar enoxaparin sodium of Clexane after single 100mg sub-
cutaneous dose: results of a randomized, double‐blind, cross over
study in healthy volunteers. Drug des Devel Ther. 2018;12:575‐582. 44. Chao J, Skup M, Alexander E, et al. Nomenclature and tracebility
debate for biosimilars: small molecule surrogates lend support for dis-
tinguishable nonproprietary names. Adv Ther. 2015;32(3):270‐283. How to cite this article: Brouwers JRBJ, Roeters van Lennep
JE, Beinema MJ. Biosimilars of low molecular weight heparins:
Relevant background information for your drug formulary. Br J
Clin Pharmacol. 2019;85:2479–2486. https://doi.org/10.1111/
bcp.14081 How to cite this article: Brouwers JRBJ, Roeters van Lennep
JE, Beinema MJ. Biosimilars of low molecular weight heparins:
Relevant background information for your drug formulary. Br J
Clin Pharmacol. 2019;85:2479–2486. https://doi.org/10.1111/
bcp.14081 28. Gomes M, Ramacciotti E, Hoppenstaedt D, et al. An open label, non‐
randomized, prospective clinical trial evaluating the immunogenecity
of branded enoxaparin versus biosimilars in healthy volunteers. Clin
Appl Thromb Hemost. 2011;17(1):66‐69. How to cite this article: Brouwers JRBJ, Roeters van Lennep
JE, Beinema MJ. Biosimilars of low molecular weight heparins:
Relevant background information for your drug formulary. Br J
Clin Pharmacol. 2019;85:2479–2486. https://doi.org/10.1111/
bcp.14081 29. Gomes M, Ramcciotti E, Henriques AC, et al. Generic versus branded
enoxaparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism following
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https://github.com/dcalacci/gigbox/blob/master/server/main.py
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
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gigbox
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dcalacci
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Python
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Code
| 9 | 24 |
from api import create_app
print("CREATING APP!")
app = create_app()
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https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klene%C4%8D
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
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Kleneč
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https://hu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kleneč&action=history
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Hungarian
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Spoken
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Kleneč település Csehországban, a Litoměřicei járásban.
Népesség
A település lakosságának változását az alábbi diagram mutatja:
Jegyzetek
További információk
A Litoměřicei járás települései
Bottal létrehozott cseh település cikkek
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townshipandboro00maitgoog_12
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US-PD-Books
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
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Township and Borough: Being the Ford Lectures Delivered at the University of Oxford ... 1897 ...
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 5,022 | 7,845 |
As large sums were occasionally required for new charters and the like, borough finance could not be very stable, and the Town was often in debt to its treasurers. In 1538 Cambridge had a balance of ^131 on the wrong side of its account. This debt was reduced year by year until in Edward VI.'s day there was a small balance on the right side. § 147. Now these accounts seem to take no notice of certain sources of revenue, and of just those sources which are of the greatest interest to students of a remoter past, to wit, the profits of the courts, the tolls, and the 'high-gable rents.' With the income thence derived the treasurers seem to have had nothing to do. It went into the hands of the mayor and bailiffs. So also we see nothing in the treasurers' accounts of that old charge, the fee-farm rent due to the king. Of accounts kept by the mayor and bailiffs I have seen but two fragments. The one begins about Christmas in 2 Henry VIII. (15 10); the other about Christmas in 15 Henry VIII. (1523). From the second of these I take the following headings : 1 The account of the computants within-written of the issues and profits by them received from the Tuesday the 22nd day of December unto the Tuesday next before the feast of the Annunciation of our Blessed Lady in the 15th year of the reign of ...Henry VIII for 2 portes and 12 weeks.' ' The account of the accountants within-named of the issues and profits by them received from the 3rd day of May in the 16th year of ...Henry VIII unto Tuesday the 26th day of July in the year abovesaid for 12 weeks and two portes. 1 The next account runs from 26 July to Michaelmas ' that is to say for ten weeks porte/ In the earlier fragment similar headings are given in Latin. The first period runs from Sunday before Christmas to Sunday before St Edward pro xij septimanis et ij bus portibus. The next from Sunday before St Edward to Sunday 8 June videlicet pro xij septimanis et ij bus portibus. The next takes us to Sunday 2o8 Borough Finance. 5. </. 18 6 19 1 5 5 22 July videlicet pro vj septimanis. The next to Michaelmas pro x septimanis et ij bua portibus. What these ' ports ' are does not clearly appear. Seemingly a * port ' occurs every six weeks, and I take it to be some session of the borough court At any rate at short intervals, six, ten, twelve weeks, the mayor and bailiffs seem to strike an account of all that they have received and paid. For instance, for twelve weeks ending on the Sunday before St Edward 15 11 the following receipts are recorded : The bailiff of the Bridge for the said two ports The bailiff of the Market for the same 1 The bailiff of the High Ward for the same The bailiff of the [King's] Mill for money remaining in the hand of Richard Eyton for wheat sold to him and unpaid at toe laSi pon «.. ... ... ... • . • ••• ... ••• is 2 The said bailiff for 3 coombs of meslin sold for wheat and meslin sold Ojf for the said two ports 1 3 7J Total 6 14 4i Then besides this the bailiff of the Mill has in hand 61 coombs of wheat and 3 of meslin. Then come the items of discharge, amounting to £6. 4s. id. ' And so there remains in the bag in clear money \os! Also there are some waifs and strays still to be sold. So far as I can see, there come into this account (1) the profits of the King's Mill, (2) all the profits of the court, fines, forfeitures, waif and stray, (3) all the tolls, (4) the profits of two fairs belonging to the Town, namely, Reech Fair and Midsummer Fair, also certain of the profits derived from Sturbridge Fair, (5) the 'high-gable rents' amounting now to £6. At Michaelmas a balance was struck for the whole year. The charge against the accountants was £74. 14s. 2d. The items of discharge amounted to .£86. 3^. 4*/. ' And so in decay ,£11. qs. 2d' I understand this to mean that the mayor and bailiffs have to find this deficiency out of their own pockets. By far the largest item of discharge consists of £70 paid into the Exchequer for the fee-farm of the borough. But there are some other old rents to be paid : £4 to the Prior of Caldwell, The Burhgeat. 209 £1 to the Prior of Kenilworth, £1 to Merton College. The mayor is allowed 2s. and the recorder is. a week. The wages of the Serjeants and tollers also appear, and some allowances are made to the bailiff of the mill for repairs done upon it. But apparently what we may call the old revenue of the Town is barely sufficient to meet the king's fee-farm rent, and the bailiffs make no profit, but a loss by their offices. § 148. Apparently a similar story might be told of the finances of Oxford. In 1549 the bailiffs have ' taken and enjoyed towards the payment of the king's fee- farm' (1) all perquisites of courts, waif, stray and so forth, (2) certain tolls and customs, and (3) the profits of that moiety of the Castle Mills which belonged to the City. Then in 1549 it is ordained that these molendinary profits are no longer to be received by the bailiffs, but are to be taken ' by the mayor and commonalty of the said city to the use of the whole body of the said city/ and instead a sum of £20 a year is to be paid to the bailiffs by the key- keepers of the said city. Also the bailiffs are henceforth ex- onerated from the annuity of £19 payable to Oriel College, and this annuity is henceforth to be paid by the mayor and com- monalty 1 . Rearrangements of this kind can be made from time to time; but there still are two distinct revenues. Someday the accounts of many towns must be examined. When that has been done, we shall begin to understand the details of the process which gives to the town that personality which the village lacks, and converts a community into a cor- poration. § 149. To turn for a moment to very early history, I have elsewhere committed myself to the guess that the magnates of the shire may have been bound, not only to repair the fortifica- tions of the borough, but also to keep houses and retainers in it 2 . In support of this ' garrison theory,' if I may so call it, I made use of an argument which must be abandoned. Mr Steven- son has shown that what is required of the ceorl who thrives to thegn-right, is a burh-geat, not a burh-geat-setl % . To what he has said I may add that I have lately noticed for the first time that a charter granted to Robert Fitz Harding and printed in 1 Records of the City of Oxford, ed. Turner, 199. 9 Domesday Book and Beyond, 190. * English Hist. Rev. xii. 489. M. 14 210 The Garrison Town. John Smyth's Lives of the Berkeley s (i. 22) contains the following clause : * cum tol et them et zoch et sache et belle et burgiet et infankenethef.' Certainly the burgiet seems to be some outward and visible sign of jurisdiction or lordly power, and at any rate I can no longer contend that the thriving ceorl is expected to have a town house. § 150. In an admirable article Mr James Tait has mar- shalled the arguments which can be brought against this garrison theory 1 . I still think that it explains some things that are not easily explicable ; in particular the cnihts in the boroughs and the distribution among divers rural manors of the burgages and burgesses that belong to one and the same lord. Moreover I have not supposed, or at least did not mean to suppose, that ' a military class became mere bourgeois in two such stormy cen- turies as the tenth and eleventh/ for I suspect a good many of the burgenses of the Confessor's day of being warlike folk : for example, the equites of Nottingham. However, I ought to have stated in express words that what can be read of certain im- portant towns (Norwich is one) would certainly not suggest the garrison theory, and is scarcely compatible with the belief that in those towns the magnates of the neighbourhood have been compelled to keep houses. To my mind it seems so little probable that a single history will serve for all the boroughs, or even for all the county towns, that I may not have sufficiently insisted on this improbability. The traits which originally served to differentiate the borough from the mere village may have been, and I think they were, very few : but by permuting and combining them we may soon have on our hands a large number of possible cases. As I can find no serious cause for quarrelling with Mr Tait's summary of what I had written, I feel bound to confess, not that I said too much of the borough as a military centre or of the borough as the scene of a special peace (for of that I am not yet convinced), but that I said too little of the borough a$ a tin and as the market and moot-stow of a shire. In the third of these lectures I have endeavoured to redress the balance : not, I fear, very successfully. § 151. I have never meant to assert that there were no exceptionally treated 'towns' before the days of Alfred and 1 English Hist. Rev. xii. 768. Towns of Roman Origin. 211 Edward the Elder, though I have said that 'at latest* in the struggle between the Danish invaders and the West-Saxon kings the establishment and maintenance of fortified towns was seen to be a matter of importance. Mr Tait asks whether we can 'safely sweep aside all possibility of separate treatment before the ninth century of those old Roman civitates which either never ceased to be inhabited or were soon repeopled/ I should be very sorry to do anything of the sort, and am sorry if I have suggested, for I did not mean to suggest, that ' this class of towns first received a court in imitation of the new military foundations of Edward/ Mr Tait takes Canterbury as an in- stance. It seems to me very possible, though proof is wanting, that ' the burh of the men of Kent ' had a court of its own long before Edward's day ; but it also seems to me very possible that in times equally remote the walls of Dorovernia were being maintained by the Kentish folk as a matter of national or tribal importance. There is a curious charter dated in 804 by which the kings of Mercia and Kent grant to the abbess of Lyminge six acres in the cruitas of Dorovernia 'ad necessitatis refugiumV What precisely this may mean I do not know, but it seems to hint that the burh of the men of Kent is a place of refuge, to which in case of need the abbess and her flock may betake themselves. Also if, as Mr Tait says, Canterbury was a rdyal residence early in the seventh century, I should not be surprised to find a royal peace pervading it and extending perhaps for 'one league, three perches and three feet' along the roads outside. I do not think that we have proof of the existence of a legal class of exceptionally treated towns until the Danes are upon us, but I should be the last to argue thence that no such towns existed. § 1 52. The importance of Cambridge as a place of assembly during the age which preceded the Norman Conquest might be fully illustrated by the stories that are told in the Liber Eliensis. Bishop jEthelwold buys land at Lindon from Leofric: haec itaque etnptio et conventio in territorio quod dicitur Grante- brygge facta est coram melioribus eiusdem provinciae (p. 117). He buys land at Streatham : the price is paid in oppido quod dicitur Grantebrygge (p. 119). He buys more land at Streatham 1 Kemble, 188 (i. 430); Birch, 317 (i. 444). 2 1 2 The Republic of Cambridgeshire. and pays for it coram omnibus apud civitatem quae dicitur Grantebrigge (p. 120). Indeed Cambridge is put before us as the usual place where payment is made if land in the shire is sold (pp. 121, 126, 130, 135). Then iEthelwine the ealdorman holds a grand court at Cambridge, grande placitum civiutn et hundretanorum coram xxiiij. iudicibus subtus Thernigefeld prope Maideneburge (p. 137). Transactions take place there, coram tota civitate or coram coetu civiunt (p. 140) ; the totus coetus qui tunc apud Grantebricge convenerat is witness (p. 151). The abbot of Ely comes to Cambridge and buys land at Toft, coram tota civitate \ he then demands a wed of the vendor: in other words, a pledge for the delivery of seisin. But all men answer that Cambridge, Norwich, Thetford and Ipswich enjoy such immunity and dignity that if anyone buys land there he has no need of any wed (p. 140). Then some merchants of Ireland arrived at Cambridge and one Leofstan a priest stole some of their wares. He begged mercy of 'the citizens/ who granted him his life and property (p. 148). § 153. In the Inquisitio Eliensis at the end of what is said of the abbey of Ely's possessions in the borough of Cambridge, there stands this sentence : ' In provincia Grentebrigge reclamat abbas quartum nummum ut carte sue testantur et homines de syraV Then in the great placitum of the Conqueror's reign we read : ' Insuper et omnem quartum denarium rei publice de Grantebrice a tempore jEdgari regis Sanctique jEthelwoldi presulis possedit semper abbas monasterii Ely usque modo, quern vero Picotus vicecomes nunc iniuste contra tenet 8 .' If we put these two texts together we shall probably infer that what the abbot claimed was the fourth penny of the county or of the county-court. Then in the would-be charter granted by Edgar the king is supposed to bestow in Latin 'omnem quartum nummum reipublicae in provincia Grantaceaster/ or in English '•Bone feortSan pening on folclicre steore into GrantanbricgeV Again, in the charter ascribed to Edward the Confessor : ' omnis- que quartus nummus reipublicae in provincia Grantecestriae et aliquae terrae in ipsa villa 4 .' Also in this last document the isle of Ely is said to lie ' in comitatu Grantecestriae.' The mention 1 D. B. iv. 508; Inq. Com. Cant. ed. Hamilton, hi. 9 Inq. Com. Cant. 195. * Kemble, Cod. Dip. 563 (iii. 58, 61). 4 Kemble, Cod. Dip. 907 (iv. 944). Borough and Shire. 213 of Grantchcster rather than Grantbridgc in certain of these documents raises a difficult question which I must not touch ; they all, however, seem to be aiming at the fourth penny, not of one vill, but of a whole provincia. Domesday Book says nothing about the matter, and suggests by its silence that the abbot's claim was rejected. § 1 54. The following writ, whereby Henry I. bans the trade of Cambridgeshire to the borough of Cambridge, I copy from a book known as the Cross Book and preserved in the municipal archives. I do not see sufficient reason for questioning its authenticity. Henry II/s Charter for Nottingham declares that the men of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire ought to come to the borough of Nottingham on Fridays and Saturdays with their wains and packhorses (cum quadrigis et sutnmagiis suis\ and that no one for ten leagues round Nottingham may work dyed cloth except in the borough 1 . Also the same king declares that the citizens of Lincoln may have their gild merchant of the men of the city ' and of the other merchants of the county V Henricus Rex Angl. Heru. Eliensi Episcopo* et omnibus baronibus suis de Grentebrugescira salutem. Prohibeo ne aliqua navis applicet ad aliquod litus de Cantebrugescira 4 nisi ad litus de burgo meo de Cantebruge neque carece onerentur nisi in burgo de Cantebruge neque aliquis capiat alibi theolonium nisi ibi. Et quicunque in ipso burgo forisfecerit ibidem faciat rectum. Quod si quis aliter fecerit precipio ut sit michi inde ad rectum coram iusticia mea quando precepero inde placitare. T. Cancell. et Milon de Gloc 5. 1 Records of Nottingham, i. i. * Gross, Gild Merchant, ii. 146. 8 Hervey the Breton, first Bishop of Ely, 1109— 1131. 4 The change of spelling from Grent to the later form Cant seems an insufficient cause for the rejection of this writ. We are dealing not with a would-be original, but with a professed copy. The 7*. before Cancell stands, I take it, for Testibus and is not the Chancellor's initial. Miles of Gloucester, the constable, ob. 1143. See Mr Round's article in Diet. Nat. Biog. Gloucester, Miles de. Another text, an Inspcximus of Edward VI, gives : Teste Cancellario et Milam de Gloecestria et Ricardo Bass\e£\ apud Londoniam. In Diet. Nat. Biog. Mr Round speaks of Richard Basset, inclining to place his death a little before 1 145. I can not find that the burgesses obtained a confirmation of this writ before the reign of Edward VI. INDEX. Abbey Farm, 107, 193 Accounts, Borough, 305 Ad vowsons of borough churches, 1 74 ff. Alderman, Hereditary, 50 Ancient demesne, 10, n, 41, 49, 7a Approvement, Right of, 83, 187 Arable and pasture, 5, 36, 86, 89 Aratral twist, in Architectural History of Cambridge, 51 Armachanus, 31 Assartation, 159 Automatism of communities, 35, 79 Bacon, Sir F., 9 Baden-Powell, Mr B. H., 11, 38 Bailiffs, Liability of, 77, 308 Bailiffs of Cambridge, 78, 134-141* 159, 307 Balsham, Hugh of, 19 Barnwell, 104, 107, 148, 183, 193 Barnwell Priory, 3, 53, 55, 6r, 71, 75, 86, 107, 148, 163, 183, 191-3 Bedford, Town of, 8, 199 Bensington, 49 Bequest, Power of, 71 Beseler's Volksrecht u. Juristenrecht, 14 Beverley, Town of, 197 Binnebrok and Butebrook, 173 Bishop and borough, 43, 51, 91 Blancgernon family, 163, 168 Boase, Mr C. W., 8, 77, 191 Booths in Sturbridge Fair, 80, 306 Borough and fiefs, 49 Borough and hundred, 41 Borough and manor, 47, 73, 183 Borough and shire, 36 ff., 3 1 1 Borough as lord, 83, 85, 186 Borough council, 85 Borough court, 41, 74, 184-5 Borough pastures, 47, 190 ff. Borough's personality, 74, 85 Borough, Wards of, 50 Bowtell, Alderman J., 133, 305 Bradmore Field, 57, 107, 139 Brett v. Beales, 188 Bridgeboot, 37 Bristol, 189 Britanny, Honour of, 67, 179 Broad gates, Houses with, 5 , 67, 69, 194 Browning, Robert, 30 Bruce fief, 178 Buckingham, Town of, 45 Bull, Town, 88 Burdens, Communal, 37 Burgage tenure, 71 Burgerliche Nutzongen, 196 Burgesses as landowners, 64, 133 ff. Burgess-parts, 199, aoo Burh, 9, 37 Burh and township, 9 Burhgeat, 309 Burhgrith, 101 Caius, see Gonville Canon law and corporations, 18 Cambridge, John of, 166 Cantaber, 51 Canterbury, Town of, 190, 31 1 Carme Field, 55, 131 Carmelite friars, 55, 133, 187 Caryl, Dr L., 109, 130 Castle and borough, 37, 119 Castle, Cambridge, 37, 94, 119 Castle-guard, 38 Cayley family, 177 Chesterton, 37, 49, 119 2l6 Index. Cheveley, 39 Christ's Piece, 119 Churches in Cambridge, 174-7 City and bishop, 43, 91 City and borough, 43, 91 Clark, Mr J. W., 101 Clayhanger, 107 Clubs, Property of, 15 Coalescence of townships, 53, 106, 183, 199 Coe Fen Lane, 11 x Coe Fen Leys, 111 Coke, Sir Edward, 90 Colchester, Town of, 50, 190 Coldham's Green, 107 Cole, William, 134, 164 Collectivism, 30, 97 College Field, in Colleges, Incorporation of, 19 Comital rights, 75 Commendation, 67 Common and public, 33 Common chest, 81 'Common,' Meaning of, 33 Common room, 33 Communitas, Medieval, 13, 98 Conduit, The Franciscan, 139 Cooper, C. H., 51, 161 Copyholds, I3i Corporate income, 304 Corporate liability, 77 Corporations, Theory of, 13 £ Corpus Christi College, 6, 59, 166, 186 Cotton Hall, 90, 183 Cotton, Sir Charles, i, 56, 304 Council, Borough, 85 County court, 38-9 County families, 177 County rates, 39 Cromwell, Oliver, 94, 115 Cromwell, Thomas, 77 Coventry, Town of, 190 Cultivation, Methods of, 107, 143 Culture, in Dame Nichole's hythe, 178 Danegeld, 40, 54 David Earl of Huntingdon, 75 Decay of villages, 148 Demesne boroughs, 73 Demesne, Royal, 48-9, 73 Derby, Town of, 8 De Vere fief 67 • Devise, Power to, 71 Digest, The, 18, 31 Dinner, The bailinV, 78 Dispersion of strips, 35, 37, 57, 58, 133, 173 Ditch, The King's, 100 Divided tenements, 103 Dominican friary, 118 Dominium, Medieval, 11, 31 Doomsman, Osbert the, 63, 159, 163 Doomsmen, 50, 62 Downing College, 54, 113 ff., 305 Dunning family, 63, 73, 164-6 Eastern Fields, 106, 139 Ecclesiastical patronage, 163, 174 ff. Edith the Fair, 67, 179, 180 Edmund, St, see White Canons Edward IV., 84 Eigenkirche, Die, 177 Eldcorn, Henry, 60, 161 Eliensis, Liber, 173, 311 Ely, Church of, 41, 63, 161, 174, 305, 3II-3 English and foreign towns, 195, 304 English Croft, in Erasmus, 7 Erasmus's Walk, 101 Escheat, 71, 83, 85, 185 Escheator, 93 Estenhale, 107, 193 Etheldreda, St, 174 Evangelical poverty, 31 Families, Burgensic, 163 Family as corporation, 31 Farming the town, 77, 185 Fee-farm rent, 3, 54, 70, 75, 88, 185-9, 304 ff. Fiefs in borough, 49, 178 Field names, 133 Fieschi, Sinibald, 18 Filth of boroughs, 68 Finance of boroughs, 304 Firma burgi, 77, 185-9 Firm of partners, 15 Fitz Eustace, Hervey, 65, 164-6 Index. 217 Fitz Ralph, Richard, 31 Fitz Stephen, William, 7 Ford Field, 55, 107, 108 Formula of incorporation, 18 Fourth penny, 311 Freeman, E. A., 36, 191 French influence in borough*, 43 Frideswide, St, 63 Frost, Henry, 60, 161 Furlong, 11 1 Gable gates, 194 Garrison towns, 44, 109 ff. Geld, 40, 54 Geography, English legal, 7 German theories of the towns, 9, 51 Gierke, Dr O., n, 13, 17, 3a, 35, 47, 7*. 195 Gilds of Cambridge, 59, 174 Girton, 11 1 Gloucester, Town of, 78 Gluttony, Municipal, 79 Gneist, Dr R. von, 195 Gonville Hall, 30, 66, 85, 179 Grant Chester, 313 Greenditch, Oxford, 9 Green, J. R., 43 Green, Mrs, 9 Green Street, 104 Grimsby, Town of, 197 Grithow Field, 55, 11 1, 139 Gross, Dr C, 18 Guildford, Town of, 39 Harleston, Roger, 63, 73, 138 Harrison, William, 133 Hartlepool, Town of, 197 Haverfordwest, Town of, 197 Hawgafol, 48, 70, 74, 84, 143, 180 Hemingford family, 163 Henry L, 40, 83, 191, 313 Henry III., 187 Henry VI., 18, 84, 189 Henry VIII., 7 Herd, The common, 88 Heterogeneous tenure, 43, 93 Hidage, 6, 37 Hide and yardland, 6, 57, 64 High gable rents, 70, 180 Hofrecht, 51 M. Holywell, Oxford, 46 Hospital, see John, St Hospitals, Burgensic, 61, 161 Houses and pasture rights, 195, 199 Houses, Sparsity of, 68, 100, 143 Hull, Charter for, 18 Hundred and borough, 41 Hundred Rolls, 57, 69, 143, 149 Huntingdon fief, 63, 75, 178 Huntingdon Priory, 59 Husband and boor, 7 Husbandry, Course of, 35, 107, 301 Hynde, Sir John, 56 mmunists, 51 nclosure Acts, 3, 96, 106, 101 nclosures, 87, 88, 159, 194 ncrease of population, 91 ndividualism, Medieval, 77 nhabitants, Trusts for, 300 nherited public law, 76 nnocent IV., 18 nsurrection of 1381, 63-3, 193 Insurrection of 15491 87 nternational right, 39 nter- University mendacity, 51 rish boroughs, 41, 190 acobus Almainus, 31 ames I., 93 esus College, 1, 55, 56, 93, 108, 303 ohn, King, 3, 10, 13, 81, 91, 303 ohn XXII., Pope, 19 ohn, St, College of, 1, 6, 55, 63, 139, 171, 303 ohn, St, Hospital of, 6, 60, 74, 75, 161 oint-stock companies, 17, 33 ura singulorum in re universitatis, 80 urisdiction in villages, 35 urisdiction of borough court, 184 Rett's rebellion, 87 King and borough, 48, 73, 185, 193 King's College, 19, 84, 101, 189 Lammas land, 115 Lancaster, Town of, 198 Landgafol, 48, 70, 74, 84, 180 Landgritheslane, 101 IS 2l8 Index. Landholders and officeholders, 141 Lauder, Community of, 100 Laugharne, Town of, 17 Lawmen, 50 Lawrence, Mr Justice, 1, 201 Leases of waste land, 83, 189, 304 Legal ideas, 27 Leicester fief, 66, 178 Lepers 1 Hospital, 60 Leys of pasture, in Lincoln, Town of, 78, 196, 213 Lindley, Sir N., 15 Little Field, 55, 12 1 Loggan, David, 4 London, Fee-farm of, 82 London, Fields of, 7 Long Green, 122 Lordship and landlordship, 30 Lordship and ownership, 31 Madingley, 1, 56 Madox, Thomas, 77, 96 Magna Carta, Scheme of, 76 Maine, Sir H., 21-2, 200 Majority, Powers of, 32 Malcolm, King of Scots, 62, 178 Manorial geography, 67 Manors in boroughs, 48, 73, 183 Manors in Cambridge, 73, 90, 183 Maps of villages, 4 Market, 40, 213 Marktrecht, 51 Marlborough, Duke of, 39 Mason, Dr Charles, 133 Mayors of Cambridge, 64-5, 134-1419 I59» 166 Mempricius, 51 Merton College, 1, 46, 56, 59, 65, 74, 86> 90, 93, 96, in, 164, 202 ff., 209 Merton, Walter of, 6, 19, 164 Middle Field, 55, 107, 129 Middlesex, Farm of, 83 Mills at Cambridge, 78, 190, 205, 208 Mills, Burgensic, 78 Minerals, Right to, 27 Ministeriales, 51 Moot-stow, Borough as, 38 Moral corporateness, 15, 96 Morpeth, Town of, 198 Morris family, 63, 128-9 Mortain, Honour of, 67, 178 Mortimer family, 6, 66, 179 Mortimer manor, 66, 85-6, 179, 405 Mortmain licences, 85 Mowat, J. L. G., 4 Municipal Commission, 12, 16 Municipal Reform Act, 32 Murus, Meaning of, 54 Natural history of institutions, 24 Natural law, 21 Newcastle, Town of, 198 Newnham, 52, 73 Newnham Mill, 180, 190, 205 Nonancourt family, 148, 178, 184 Nonarum inquisitio, 141 Northampton, Town of, 8, 61, 197 North Gate Hundred, Oxford, 46 Nottingham, Town of, 8, 10, 61, 190, 198, 213 Nulle terre sans seigneur, 2 Nunnery, see Radegund, St Office, Compulsory, 78 Oligarchy in borough, 85 Oriel College, 209 Oseney, 61 Ouilly, Robert of, 61, 191 Over-ownership, 28, 31 Owen, Dr George, 7 Ownership and lordship, 28 ff. Oxford, Agrarian, 7, 45 Oxford, Bailiffs of, 77 Oxford, Borough finance at, 209 Oxford, Houses and rents in, 69 Oxford, John of, 46 Panton, Mr, 55, 115 Parishes and fields, 115-6, 195 Parker's Piece, 93, 117 Parochial system, 59, 115-6, 195 Pastures, 26, 31, 195 Pastures in boroughs, 33, 47, 86 ff., 190 ff. Patriarch as trustee, 21 Patriciate, Burgensic, 49, 66 Patronage of borough, 39 Patronage of churches, 174ft Patronage of hospitals, 61 Paving streets, 79 Index. 219 Peasants' rebellion, 61-3, 191 ff. Pembroke Leys, in Pembroke, Town of, 197 Persona ficta, 18 Personality, 12, 95 Peterhouse, Site of, m Peverel, Pain, 61, 83, 191 Picot the sheriff, 61, 190 Poll taxes, 53 Pontage, 37 Poole, Mr R. L., 30 Poor, Increase of, 105 Poor, Relief of, 89, 195 Population of Cambridge, 101 ff. Population of villages, 43 Port Bridge, 122 Port Field, 55 Port Meadow, 46, 191, 197 ' Ports ' at Cambridge, 308 Post, Dr A. H„ 11 Prescription, Corporations by, 19, 23 Property, Origin of, n, 30 Proprietas, Medieval, 31 Public and private law, 11, 30, 34, 76 Pythagoras, School of, 65, 164, 203 Queens' College, 84, 189 Quo warranto, 95 Radegund, Nunnery of St, 6, 61, 74, 9<>, 93, 132, 162, 191 Rashdall, Mr H., 6, 7, 20 Rates on borough pastures, 196 Regulation of commons, 89, 93 Reliefs, 71 Religious endowments, 63, 69, 161 Rent charges, 69, 148 Rents in boroughs, 69, 147, 160 Replevin actions, 75, 184 Respublica, 32, 41, 212 Richmond, see Britanny Roman town, 53, 99, 211 Round, Mr J. H., 10, 40 Ruffus Maurice, 58, 172 Rutland Club, 95, 194 Rutland, Duke of, 39, 94 Sail Piece, 119 Saint Edmunds, Family of, 163 Saints as persons, 22 Scarlett, Sir James, 188 Seebohm, Mr F., 5, 57 Selions, 56, 109 Sempringham, see White Canons Sheepwalk, 115 Sheriff and borough, 39, 76 Shire house, 38 Shire moot, 38, 39 Shrewsbury, Town of, 199 Smyth's Lives of the Berkeleys, 26, 210 Stamford, Town of, 47 Stevenson, Mr W. H., 9, 164, 209 Stint of common, 5, 86, 89, 93 Stubbs, Dr W., 9, 19, 25, 68 Sturbridge Fair, 53, 80, 206, 208 Sturbridge Field, 55, 107 Sturbridge Green, 107, 192 Sturbridge Hospital, 60 Stutz, Dr U., 177 Surnames of burgesses, 142, 166 Swinecroft, 58, 112, 129 Tait, Mr James, 210 Tallage, 73, 167, 169 Taxes at Cambridge, 141, 167, 169, 171 Tenterden, Lord, 188 Tenurial heterogeneity, 43 Terra Regis, 48 Terriers, 56, 108, 123 Third penny, 74-5 Thomas's, St, Leys, 112 Three-field husbandry, 55, 107 Tithe, Distribution of, 58, 115, 133, 183 Tolbooth, 90 Toll Cause, 188 Town and Gown, 83 ff. Town and township, 9 Townhall, 39 Trinity College, 93, 117 Trinity Hall, 183 Troubelville family, 177 Trust, Law of, 16 Tusser, Thomas, 4, 94 Ulpian, 18 Unanimity and majority, 35 Undervalue, Sales at, 16, 17, 189 Units, Legal, 20, 30 Universitas, 13 Universitas and singuli, 18 220 Index. Universities, Incorpormtion of, 19 University College, Oxford, 10 Village community, i8ff. Wallingford, Town ofj 43, 100 Waltheof, Earl, 67, 178, 180 Walton Manor, Oxford, 45 Wards of borough, 50 Waste in boroughs, 68, 84, 185 Waste, Leases of, 81, 189 Waste, Manorial, a Western Fields, 110 White Canons, 59, 139, 163 Winchcombeshire, 45 Wolvercote, 45 Worcester, Town of, 197 York, Town oi, 100, 199 Zamindari, 49 Zouche family, 180, 190 CAMBRIDGE t PRINTED BY J. AND C. P. CLAY, AT THR UNIVERSITY PRESS, ID )38 ':'■'' 3 JUL - 6 IS61 Off: ? 'So' Stanford University Library Stanford, California In order that others may use this book, please return it as soon as possible, but not later than the date due. OCT 17 1988 V'.
| 12,395 |
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenbush%20%28Minnesota%29
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Greenbush (Minnesota)
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https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greenbush (Minnesota)&action=history
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Spanish
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Spoken
| 166 | 298 |
Greenbush es una ciudad ubicada en el condado de Roseau en el estado estadounidense de Minnesota. En el Censo de 2010 tenía una población de 719 habitantes y una densidad poblacional de 184,21 personas por km².
Geografía
Greenbush se encuentra ubicada en las coordenadas . Según la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos, Greenbush tiene una superficie total de 3.9 km², de la cual 3.9 km² corresponden a tierra firme y (0%) 0 km² es agua.
Demografía
Según el censo de 2010, había 719 personas residiendo en Greenbush. La densidad de población era de 184,21 hab./km². De los 719 habitantes, Greenbush estaba compuesto por el 97.64% blancos, el 0.56% eran afroamericanos, el 0.97% eran amerindios, el 0.14% eran asiáticos, el 0% eran isleños del Pacífico, el 0% eran de otras razas y el 0.7% pertenecían a dos o más razas. Del total de la población el 1.53% eran hispanos o latinos de cualquier raza.
Referencias
Enlaces externos
Ciudades de Minnesota
Localidades del condado de Roseau
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https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Трыарыі
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https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Трыарыі&action=history
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Belarusian (Taraškievica)
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Spoken
| 70 | 260 |
Трыарыі (ад — тры) — воіны цяжкай пяхоты ў Старажытным Рыме ў 5 — 2 ст. д. н. э.
Зброя — цяжкая дзіда, меч. Засьцерагальнае ўзбраеньне — шлем, нажныя латы, шчыт.
Камплектаваліся дасьведчанымі воінамі. Складалі 3-ю лінію баявога пастраення легіёну (адсюль назва), за гастатамі і прынцыпамі.
Уводзіліся ў бой у вырашальны момант дзеля нарошчваньня сілы ўдару першых дзвюх ліній або дзеля стрымлівання варожага націску.
Катэгорыя:Старажытны Рым
Катэгорыя:Узброеныя сілы Старажытнага Рыму
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https://github.com/xueqiya/chromium_src/blob/master/out/release/gen/gpu/ipc/common/gpu_preferences.mojom.h
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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BSD-3-Clause
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chromium_src
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xueqiya
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C++
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Code
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// gpu/ipc/common/gpu_preferences.mojom.h is auto generated by mojom_bindings_generator.py, do not edit
// Copyright 2013 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef GPU_IPC_COMMON_GPU_PREFERENCES_MOJOM_H_
#define GPU_IPC_COMMON_GPU_PREFERENCES_MOJOM_H_
#include <stdint.h>
#include <limits>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include "base/callback.h"
#include "base/macros.h"
#include "base/optional.h"
#include "mojo/public/cpp/bindings/mojo_buildflags.h"
#if BUILDFLAG(MOJO_TRACE_ENABLED)
#include "base/trace_event/trace_event.h"
#endif
#include "mojo/public/cpp/bindings/clone_traits.h"
#include "mojo/public/cpp/bindings/equals_traits.h"
#include "mojo/public/cpp/bindings/lib/serialization.h"
#include "mojo/public/cpp/bindings/struct_ptr.h"
#include "mojo/public/cpp/bindings/struct_traits.h"
#include "mojo/public/cpp/bindings/union_traits.h"
#include "gpu/ipc/common/gpu_preferences.mojom-shared.h"
#include "gpu/ipc/common/gpu_preferences.mojom-forward.h"
#include "ui/gfx/mojom/buffer_types.mojom.h"
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "gpu/config/gpu_preferences.h"
namespace gpu {
namespace mojom {
class GpuPreferences {
public:
template <typename T>
using EnableIfSame = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<GpuPreferences, T>::value>;
using DataView = GpuPreferencesDataView;
using Data_ = internal::GpuPreferences_Data;
template <typename... Args>
static GpuPreferencesPtr New(Args&&... args) {
return GpuPreferencesPtr(
base::in_place, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
template <typename U>
static GpuPreferencesPtr From(const U& u) {
return mojo::TypeConverter<GpuPreferencesPtr, U>::Convert(u);
}
template <typename U>
U To() const {
return mojo::TypeConverter<U, GpuPreferences>::Convert(*this);
}
GpuPreferences();
GpuPreferences(
bool disable_accelerated_video_decode,
bool disable_accelerated_video_encode,
bool gpu_startup_dialog,
bool disable_gpu_watchdog,
bool gpu_sandbox_start_early,
bool enable_low_latency_dxva,
bool enable_zero_copy_dxgi_video,
bool enable_nv12_dxgi_video,
bool enable_media_foundation_vea_on_windows7,
bool disable_software_rasterizer,
bool log_gpu_control_list_decisions,
bool compile_shader_always_succeeds,
bool disable_gl_error_limit,
bool disable_glsl_translator,
bool disable_shader_name_hashing,
bool enable_gpu_command_logging,
bool enable_gpu_debugging,
bool enable_gpu_service_logging_gpu,
bool enable_gpu_driver_debug_logging,
bool disable_gpu_program_cache,
bool enforce_gl_minimums,
uint32_t force_gpu_mem_available_bytes,
uint32_t force_gpu_mem_discardable_limit_bytes,
uint32_t force_max_texture_size,
uint32_t gpu_program_cache_size,
bool disable_gpu_shader_disk_cache,
bool enable_threaded_texture_mailboxes,
bool gl_shader_interm_output,
bool emulate_shader_precision,
bool enable_android_surface_control,
bool enable_gpu_service_logging,
bool enable_gpu_service_tracing,
bool use_passthrough_cmd_decoder,
bool disable_biplanar_gpu_memory_buffers_for_video_frames,
std::vector<::gfx::BufferUsageAndFormat> texture_target_exception_list,
bool ignore_gpu_blacklist,
bool enable_oop_rasterization,
bool disable_oop_rasterization,
bool enable_oop_rasterization_ddl,
bool watchdog_starts_backgrounded,
GrContextType gr_context_type,
VulkanImplementationName use_vulkan,
bool enforce_vulkan_protected_memory,
bool disable_vulkan_surface,
bool disable_vulkan_fallback_to_gl_for_testing,
bool enable_metal,
bool enable_gpu_benchmarking_extension,
bool enable_webgpu,
bool enable_gpu_blocked_time_metric,
bool enable_native_gpu_memory_buffers);
~GpuPreferences();
// Clone() is a template so it is only instantiated if it is used. Thus, the
// bindings generator does not need to know whether Clone() or copy
// constructor/assignment are available for members.
template <typename StructPtrType = GpuPreferencesPtr>
GpuPreferencesPtr Clone() const;
// Equals() is a template so it is only instantiated if it is used. Thus, the
// bindings generator does not need to know whether Equals() or == operator
// are available for members.
template <typename T, GpuPreferences::EnableIfSame<T>* = nullptr>
bool Equals(const T& other) const;
template <typename UserType>
static std::vector<uint8_t> Serialize(UserType* input) {
return mojo::internal::SerializeImpl<
GpuPreferences::DataView, std::vector<uint8_t>>(input);
}
template <typename UserType>
static mojo::Message SerializeAsMessage(UserType* input) {
return mojo::internal::SerializeAsMessageImpl<
GpuPreferences::DataView>(input);
}
// The returned Message is serialized only if the message is moved
// cross-process or cross-language. Otherwise if the message is Deserialized
// as the same UserType |input| will just be moved to |output| in
// DeserializeFromMessage.
template <typename UserType>
static mojo::Message WrapAsMessage(UserType input) {
return mojo::Message(std::make_unique<
internal::GpuPreferences_UnserializedMessageContext<
UserType, GpuPreferences::DataView>>(0, 0, std::move(input)));
}
template <typename UserType>
static bool Deserialize(const void* data,
size_t data_num_bytes,
UserType* output) {
return mojo::internal::DeserializeImpl<GpuPreferences::DataView>(
data, data_num_bytes, std::vector<mojo::ScopedHandle>(), output, Validate);
}
template <typename UserType>
static bool Deserialize(const std::vector<uint8_t>& input,
UserType* output) {
return GpuPreferences::Deserialize(
input.size() == 0 ? nullptr : &input.front(), input.size(), output);
}
template <typename UserType>
static bool DeserializeFromMessage(mojo::Message input,
UserType* output) {
auto context = input.TakeUnserializedContext<
internal::GpuPreferences_UnserializedMessageContext<
UserType, GpuPreferences::DataView>>();
if (context) {
*output = std::move(context->TakeData());
return true;
}
input.SerializeIfNecessary();
return mojo::internal::DeserializeImpl<GpuPreferences::DataView>(
input.payload(), input.payload_num_bytes(),
std::move(*input.mutable_handles()), output, Validate);
}
bool disable_accelerated_video_decode;
bool disable_accelerated_video_encode;
bool gpu_startup_dialog;
bool disable_gpu_watchdog;
bool gpu_sandbox_start_early;
bool enable_low_latency_dxva;
bool enable_zero_copy_dxgi_video;
bool enable_nv12_dxgi_video;
bool enable_media_foundation_vea_on_windows7;
bool disable_software_rasterizer;
bool log_gpu_control_list_decisions;
bool compile_shader_always_succeeds;
bool disable_gl_error_limit;
bool disable_glsl_translator;
bool disable_shader_name_hashing;
bool enable_gpu_command_logging;
bool enable_gpu_debugging;
bool enable_gpu_service_logging_gpu;
bool enable_gpu_driver_debug_logging;
bool disable_gpu_program_cache;
bool enforce_gl_minimums;
uint32_t force_gpu_mem_available_bytes;
uint32_t force_gpu_mem_discardable_limit_bytes;
uint32_t force_max_texture_size;
uint32_t gpu_program_cache_size;
bool disable_gpu_shader_disk_cache;
bool enable_threaded_texture_mailboxes;
bool gl_shader_interm_output;
bool emulate_shader_precision;
bool enable_android_surface_control;
bool enable_gpu_service_logging;
bool enable_gpu_service_tracing;
bool use_passthrough_cmd_decoder;
bool disable_biplanar_gpu_memory_buffers_for_video_frames;
std::vector<::gfx::BufferUsageAndFormat> texture_target_exception_list;
bool ignore_gpu_blacklist;
bool enable_oop_rasterization;
bool disable_oop_rasterization;
bool enable_oop_rasterization_ddl;
bool watchdog_starts_backgrounded;
GrContextType gr_context_type;
VulkanImplementationName use_vulkan;
bool enforce_vulkan_protected_memory;
bool disable_vulkan_surface;
bool disable_vulkan_fallback_to_gl_for_testing;
bool enable_metal;
bool enable_gpu_benchmarking_extension;
bool enable_webgpu;
bool enable_gpu_blocked_time_metric;
bool enable_native_gpu_memory_buffers;
private:
static bool Validate(const void* data,
mojo::internal::ValidationContext* validation_context);
};
// The comparison operators are templates, so they are only instantiated if they
// are used. Thus, the bindings generator does not need to know whether
// comparison operators are available for members.
template <typename T, GpuPreferences::EnableIfSame<T>* = nullptr>
bool operator<(const T& lhs, const T& rhs);
template <typename T, GpuPreferences::EnableIfSame<T>* = nullptr>
bool operator<=(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) {
return !(rhs < lhs);
}
template <typename T, GpuPreferences::EnableIfSame<T>* = nullptr>
bool operator>(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) {
return rhs < lhs;
}
template <typename T, GpuPreferences::EnableIfSame<T>* = nullptr>
bool operator>=(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) {
return !(lhs < rhs);
}
template <typename StructPtrType>
GpuPreferencesPtr GpuPreferences::Clone() const {
return New(
mojo::Clone(disable_accelerated_video_decode),
mojo::Clone(disable_accelerated_video_encode),
mojo::Clone(gpu_startup_dialog),
mojo::Clone(disable_gpu_watchdog),
mojo::Clone(gpu_sandbox_start_early),
mojo::Clone(enable_low_latency_dxva),
mojo::Clone(enable_zero_copy_dxgi_video),
mojo::Clone(enable_nv12_dxgi_video),
mojo::Clone(enable_media_foundation_vea_on_windows7),
mojo::Clone(disable_software_rasterizer),
mojo::Clone(log_gpu_control_list_decisions),
mojo::Clone(compile_shader_always_succeeds),
mojo::Clone(disable_gl_error_limit),
mojo::Clone(disable_glsl_translator),
mojo::Clone(disable_shader_name_hashing),
mojo::Clone(enable_gpu_command_logging),
mojo::Clone(enable_gpu_debugging),
mojo::Clone(enable_gpu_service_logging_gpu),
mojo::Clone(enable_gpu_driver_debug_logging),
mojo::Clone(disable_gpu_program_cache),
mojo::Clone(enforce_gl_minimums),
mojo::Clone(force_gpu_mem_available_bytes),
mojo::Clone(force_gpu_mem_discardable_limit_bytes),
mojo::Clone(force_max_texture_size),
mojo::Clone(gpu_program_cache_size),
mojo::Clone(disable_gpu_shader_disk_cache),
mojo::Clone(enable_threaded_texture_mailboxes),
mojo::Clone(gl_shader_interm_output),
mojo::Clone(emulate_shader_precision),
mojo::Clone(enable_android_surface_control),
mojo::Clone(enable_gpu_service_logging),
mojo::Clone(enable_gpu_service_tracing),
mojo::Clone(use_passthrough_cmd_decoder),
mojo::Clone(disable_biplanar_gpu_memory_buffers_for_video_frames),
mojo::Clone(texture_target_exception_list),
mojo::Clone(ignore_gpu_blacklist),
mojo::Clone(enable_oop_rasterization),
mojo::Clone(disable_oop_rasterization),
mojo::Clone(enable_oop_rasterization_ddl),
mojo::Clone(watchdog_starts_backgrounded),
mojo::Clone(gr_context_type),
mojo::Clone(use_vulkan),
mojo::Clone(enforce_vulkan_protected_memory),
mojo::Clone(disable_vulkan_surface),
mojo::Clone(disable_vulkan_fallback_to_gl_for_testing),
mojo::Clone(enable_metal),
mojo::Clone(enable_gpu_benchmarking_extension),
mojo::Clone(enable_webgpu),
mojo::Clone(enable_gpu_blocked_time_metric),
mojo::Clone(enable_native_gpu_memory_buffers)
);
}
template <typename T, GpuPreferences::EnableIfSame<T>*>
bool GpuPreferences::Equals(const T& other_struct) const {
if (!mojo::Equals(this->disable_accelerated_video_decode, other_struct.disable_accelerated_video_decode))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->disable_accelerated_video_encode, other_struct.disable_accelerated_video_encode))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->gpu_startup_dialog, other_struct.gpu_startup_dialog))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->disable_gpu_watchdog, other_struct.disable_gpu_watchdog))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->gpu_sandbox_start_early, other_struct.gpu_sandbox_start_early))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_low_latency_dxva, other_struct.enable_low_latency_dxva))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_zero_copy_dxgi_video, other_struct.enable_zero_copy_dxgi_video))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_nv12_dxgi_video, other_struct.enable_nv12_dxgi_video))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_media_foundation_vea_on_windows7, other_struct.enable_media_foundation_vea_on_windows7))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->disable_software_rasterizer, other_struct.disable_software_rasterizer))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->log_gpu_control_list_decisions, other_struct.log_gpu_control_list_decisions))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->compile_shader_always_succeeds, other_struct.compile_shader_always_succeeds))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->disable_gl_error_limit, other_struct.disable_gl_error_limit))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->disable_glsl_translator, other_struct.disable_glsl_translator))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->disable_shader_name_hashing, other_struct.disable_shader_name_hashing))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_gpu_command_logging, other_struct.enable_gpu_command_logging))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_gpu_debugging, other_struct.enable_gpu_debugging))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_gpu_service_logging_gpu, other_struct.enable_gpu_service_logging_gpu))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_gpu_driver_debug_logging, other_struct.enable_gpu_driver_debug_logging))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->disable_gpu_program_cache, other_struct.disable_gpu_program_cache))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enforce_gl_minimums, other_struct.enforce_gl_minimums))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->force_gpu_mem_available_bytes, other_struct.force_gpu_mem_available_bytes))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->force_gpu_mem_discardable_limit_bytes, other_struct.force_gpu_mem_discardable_limit_bytes))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->force_max_texture_size, other_struct.force_max_texture_size))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->gpu_program_cache_size, other_struct.gpu_program_cache_size))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->disable_gpu_shader_disk_cache, other_struct.disable_gpu_shader_disk_cache))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_threaded_texture_mailboxes, other_struct.enable_threaded_texture_mailboxes))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->gl_shader_interm_output, other_struct.gl_shader_interm_output))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->emulate_shader_precision, other_struct.emulate_shader_precision))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_android_surface_control, other_struct.enable_android_surface_control))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_gpu_service_logging, other_struct.enable_gpu_service_logging))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_gpu_service_tracing, other_struct.enable_gpu_service_tracing))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->use_passthrough_cmd_decoder, other_struct.use_passthrough_cmd_decoder))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->disable_biplanar_gpu_memory_buffers_for_video_frames, other_struct.disable_biplanar_gpu_memory_buffers_for_video_frames))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->texture_target_exception_list, other_struct.texture_target_exception_list))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->ignore_gpu_blacklist, other_struct.ignore_gpu_blacklist))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_oop_rasterization, other_struct.enable_oop_rasterization))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->disable_oop_rasterization, other_struct.disable_oop_rasterization))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_oop_rasterization_ddl, other_struct.enable_oop_rasterization_ddl))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->watchdog_starts_backgrounded, other_struct.watchdog_starts_backgrounded))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->gr_context_type, other_struct.gr_context_type))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->use_vulkan, other_struct.use_vulkan))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enforce_vulkan_protected_memory, other_struct.enforce_vulkan_protected_memory))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->disable_vulkan_surface, other_struct.disable_vulkan_surface))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->disable_vulkan_fallback_to_gl_for_testing, other_struct.disable_vulkan_fallback_to_gl_for_testing))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_metal, other_struct.enable_metal))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_gpu_benchmarking_extension, other_struct.enable_gpu_benchmarking_extension))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_webgpu, other_struct.enable_webgpu))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_gpu_blocked_time_metric, other_struct.enable_gpu_blocked_time_metric))
return false;
if (!mojo::Equals(this->enable_native_gpu_memory_buffers, other_struct.enable_native_gpu_memory_buffers))
return false;
return true;
}
template <typename T, GpuPreferences::EnableIfSame<T>*>
bool operator<(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) {
if (lhs.disable_accelerated_video_decode < rhs.disable_accelerated_video_decode)
return true;
if (rhs.disable_accelerated_video_decode < lhs.disable_accelerated_video_decode)
return false;
if (lhs.disable_accelerated_video_encode < rhs.disable_accelerated_video_encode)
return true;
if (rhs.disable_accelerated_video_encode < lhs.disable_accelerated_video_encode)
return false;
if (lhs.gpu_startup_dialog < rhs.gpu_startup_dialog)
return true;
if (rhs.gpu_startup_dialog < lhs.gpu_startup_dialog)
return false;
if (lhs.disable_gpu_watchdog < rhs.disable_gpu_watchdog)
return true;
if (rhs.disable_gpu_watchdog < lhs.disable_gpu_watchdog)
return false;
if (lhs.gpu_sandbox_start_early < rhs.gpu_sandbox_start_early)
return true;
if (rhs.gpu_sandbox_start_early < lhs.gpu_sandbox_start_early)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_low_latency_dxva < rhs.enable_low_latency_dxva)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_low_latency_dxva < lhs.enable_low_latency_dxva)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_zero_copy_dxgi_video < rhs.enable_zero_copy_dxgi_video)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_zero_copy_dxgi_video < lhs.enable_zero_copy_dxgi_video)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_nv12_dxgi_video < rhs.enable_nv12_dxgi_video)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_nv12_dxgi_video < lhs.enable_nv12_dxgi_video)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_media_foundation_vea_on_windows7 < rhs.enable_media_foundation_vea_on_windows7)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_media_foundation_vea_on_windows7 < lhs.enable_media_foundation_vea_on_windows7)
return false;
if (lhs.disable_software_rasterizer < rhs.disable_software_rasterizer)
return true;
if (rhs.disable_software_rasterizer < lhs.disable_software_rasterizer)
return false;
if (lhs.log_gpu_control_list_decisions < rhs.log_gpu_control_list_decisions)
return true;
if (rhs.log_gpu_control_list_decisions < lhs.log_gpu_control_list_decisions)
return false;
if (lhs.compile_shader_always_succeeds < rhs.compile_shader_always_succeeds)
return true;
if (rhs.compile_shader_always_succeeds < lhs.compile_shader_always_succeeds)
return false;
if (lhs.disable_gl_error_limit < rhs.disable_gl_error_limit)
return true;
if (rhs.disable_gl_error_limit < lhs.disable_gl_error_limit)
return false;
if (lhs.disable_glsl_translator < rhs.disable_glsl_translator)
return true;
if (rhs.disable_glsl_translator < lhs.disable_glsl_translator)
return false;
if (lhs.disable_shader_name_hashing < rhs.disable_shader_name_hashing)
return true;
if (rhs.disable_shader_name_hashing < lhs.disable_shader_name_hashing)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_gpu_command_logging < rhs.enable_gpu_command_logging)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_gpu_command_logging < lhs.enable_gpu_command_logging)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_gpu_debugging < rhs.enable_gpu_debugging)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_gpu_debugging < lhs.enable_gpu_debugging)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_gpu_service_logging_gpu < rhs.enable_gpu_service_logging_gpu)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_gpu_service_logging_gpu < lhs.enable_gpu_service_logging_gpu)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_gpu_driver_debug_logging < rhs.enable_gpu_driver_debug_logging)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_gpu_driver_debug_logging < lhs.enable_gpu_driver_debug_logging)
return false;
if (lhs.disable_gpu_program_cache < rhs.disable_gpu_program_cache)
return true;
if (rhs.disable_gpu_program_cache < lhs.disable_gpu_program_cache)
return false;
if (lhs.enforce_gl_minimums < rhs.enforce_gl_minimums)
return true;
if (rhs.enforce_gl_minimums < lhs.enforce_gl_minimums)
return false;
if (lhs.force_gpu_mem_available_bytes < rhs.force_gpu_mem_available_bytes)
return true;
if (rhs.force_gpu_mem_available_bytes < lhs.force_gpu_mem_available_bytes)
return false;
if (lhs.force_gpu_mem_discardable_limit_bytes < rhs.force_gpu_mem_discardable_limit_bytes)
return true;
if (rhs.force_gpu_mem_discardable_limit_bytes < lhs.force_gpu_mem_discardable_limit_bytes)
return false;
if (lhs.force_max_texture_size < rhs.force_max_texture_size)
return true;
if (rhs.force_max_texture_size < lhs.force_max_texture_size)
return false;
if (lhs.gpu_program_cache_size < rhs.gpu_program_cache_size)
return true;
if (rhs.gpu_program_cache_size < lhs.gpu_program_cache_size)
return false;
if (lhs.disable_gpu_shader_disk_cache < rhs.disable_gpu_shader_disk_cache)
return true;
if (rhs.disable_gpu_shader_disk_cache < lhs.disable_gpu_shader_disk_cache)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_threaded_texture_mailboxes < rhs.enable_threaded_texture_mailboxes)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_threaded_texture_mailboxes < lhs.enable_threaded_texture_mailboxes)
return false;
if (lhs.gl_shader_interm_output < rhs.gl_shader_interm_output)
return true;
if (rhs.gl_shader_interm_output < lhs.gl_shader_interm_output)
return false;
if (lhs.emulate_shader_precision < rhs.emulate_shader_precision)
return true;
if (rhs.emulate_shader_precision < lhs.emulate_shader_precision)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_android_surface_control < rhs.enable_android_surface_control)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_android_surface_control < lhs.enable_android_surface_control)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_gpu_service_logging < rhs.enable_gpu_service_logging)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_gpu_service_logging < lhs.enable_gpu_service_logging)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_gpu_service_tracing < rhs.enable_gpu_service_tracing)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_gpu_service_tracing < lhs.enable_gpu_service_tracing)
return false;
if (lhs.use_passthrough_cmd_decoder < rhs.use_passthrough_cmd_decoder)
return true;
if (rhs.use_passthrough_cmd_decoder < lhs.use_passthrough_cmd_decoder)
return false;
if (lhs.disable_biplanar_gpu_memory_buffers_for_video_frames < rhs.disable_biplanar_gpu_memory_buffers_for_video_frames)
return true;
if (rhs.disable_biplanar_gpu_memory_buffers_for_video_frames < lhs.disable_biplanar_gpu_memory_buffers_for_video_frames)
return false;
if (lhs.texture_target_exception_list < rhs.texture_target_exception_list)
return true;
if (rhs.texture_target_exception_list < lhs.texture_target_exception_list)
return false;
if (lhs.ignore_gpu_blacklist < rhs.ignore_gpu_blacklist)
return true;
if (rhs.ignore_gpu_blacklist < lhs.ignore_gpu_blacklist)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_oop_rasterization < rhs.enable_oop_rasterization)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_oop_rasterization < lhs.enable_oop_rasterization)
return false;
if (lhs.disable_oop_rasterization < rhs.disable_oop_rasterization)
return true;
if (rhs.disable_oop_rasterization < lhs.disable_oop_rasterization)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_oop_rasterization_ddl < rhs.enable_oop_rasterization_ddl)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_oop_rasterization_ddl < lhs.enable_oop_rasterization_ddl)
return false;
if (lhs.watchdog_starts_backgrounded < rhs.watchdog_starts_backgrounded)
return true;
if (rhs.watchdog_starts_backgrounded < lhs.watchdog_starts_backgrounded)
return false;
if (lhs.gr_context_type < rhs.gr_context_type)
return true;
if (rhs.gr_context_type < lhs.gr_context_type)
return false;
if (lhs.use_vulkan < rhs.use_vulkan)
return true;
if (rhs.use_vulkan < lhs.use_vulkan)
return false;
if (lhs.enforce_vulkan_protected_memory < rhs.enforce_vulkan_protected_memory)
return true;
if (rhs.enforce_vulkan_protected_memory < lhs.enforce_vulkan_protected_memory)
return false;
if (lhs.disable_vulkan_surface < rhs.disable_vulkan_surface)
return true;
if (rhs.disable_vulkan_surface < lhs.disable_vulkan_surface)
return false;
if (lhs.disable_vulkan_fallback_to_gl_for_testing < rhs.disable_vulkan_fallback_to_gl_for_testing)
return true;
if (rhs.disable_vulkan_fallback_to_gl_for_testing < lhs.disable_vulkan_fallback_to_gl_for_testing)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_metal < rhs.enable_metal)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_metal < lhs.enable_metal)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_gpu_benchmarking_extension < rhs.enable_gpu_benchmarking_extension)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_gpu_benchmarking_extension < lhs.enable_gpu_benchmarking_extension)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_webgpu < rhs.enable_webgpu)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_webgpu < lhs.enable_webgpu)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_gpu_blocked_time_metric < rhs.enable_gpu_blocked_time_metric)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_gpu_blocked_time_metric < lhs.enable_gpu_blocked_time_metric)
return false;
if (lhs.enable_native_gpu_memory_buffers < rhs.enable_native_gpu_memory_buffers)
return true;
if (rhs.enable_native_gpu_memory_buffers < lhs.enable_native_gpu_memory_buffers)
return false;
return false;
}
} // namespace mojom
} // namespace gpu
namespace mojo {
template <>
struct StructTraits<::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::DataView,
::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr> {
static bool IsNull(const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) { return !input; }
static void SetToNull(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr* output) { output->reset(); }
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::disable_accelerated_video_decode) disable_accelerated_video_decode(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->disable_accelerated_video_decode;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::disable_accelerated_video_encode) disable_accelerated_video_encode(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->disable_accelerated_video_encode;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::gpu_startup_dialog) gpu_startup_dialog(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->gpu_startup_dialog;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::disable_gpu_watchdog) disable_gpu_watchdog(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->disable_gpu_watchdog;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::gpu_sandbox_start_early) gpu_sandbox_start_early(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->gpu_sandbox_start_early;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_low_latency_dxva) enable_low_latency_dxva(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_low_latency_dxva;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_zero_copy_dxgi_video) enable_zero_copy_dxgi_video(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_zero_copy_dxgi_video;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_nv12_dxgi_video) enable_nv12_dxgi_video(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_nv12_dxgi_video;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_media_foundation_vea_on_windows7) enable_media_foundation_vea_on_windows7(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_media_foundation_vea_on_windows7;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::disable_software_rasterizer) disable_software_rasterizer(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->disable_software_rasterizer;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::log_gpu_control_list_decisions) log_gpu_control_list_decisions(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->log_gpu_control_list_decisions;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::compile_shader_always_succeeds) compile_shader_always_succeeds(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->compile_shader_always_succeeds;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::disable_gl_error_limit) disable_gl_error_limit(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->disable_gl_error_limit;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::disable_glsl_translator) disable_glsl_translator(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->disable_glsl_translator;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::disable_shader_name_hashing) disable_shader_name_hashing(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->disable_shader_name_hashing;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_gpu_command_logging) enable_gpu_command_logging(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_gpu_command_logging;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_gpu_debugging) enable_gpu_debugging(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_gpu_debugging;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_gpu_service_logging_gpu) enable_gpu_service_logging_gpu(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_gpu_service_logging_gpu;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_gpu_driver_debug_logging) enable_gpu_driver_debug_logging(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_gpu_driver_debug_logging;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::disable_gpu_program_cache) disable_gpu_program_cache(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->disable_gpu_program_cache;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enforce_gl_minimums) enforce_gl_minimums(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enforce_gl_minimums;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::force_gpu_mem_available_bytes) force_gpu_mem_available_bytes(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->force_gpu_mem_available_bytes;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::force_gpu_mem_discardable_limit_bytes) force_gpu_mem_discardable_limit_bytes(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->force_gpu_mem_discardable_limit_bytes;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::force_max_texture_size) force_max_texture_size(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->force_max_texture_size;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::gpu_program_cache_size) gpu_program_cache_size(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->gpu_program_cache_size;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::disable_gpu_shader_disk_cache) disable_gpu_shader_disk_cache(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->disable_gpu_shader_disk_cache;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_threaded_texture_mailboxes) enable_threaded_texture_mailboxes(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_threaded_texture_mailboxes;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::gl_shader_interm_output) gl_shader_interm_output(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->gl_shader_interm_output;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::emulate_shader_precision) emulate_shader_precision(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->emulate_shader_precision;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_android_surface_control) enable_android_surface_control(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_android_surface_control;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_gpu_service_logging) enable_gpu_service_logging(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_gpu_service_logging;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_gpu_service_tracing) enable_gpu_service_tracing(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_gpu_service_tracing;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::use_passthrough_cmd_decoder) use_passthrough_cmd_decoder(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->use_passthrough_cmd_decoder;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::disable_biplanar_gpu_memory_buffers_for_video_frames) disable_biplanar_gpu_memory_buffers_for_video_frames(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->disable_biplanar_gpu_memory_buffers_for_video_frames;
}
static const decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::texture_target_exception_list)& texture_target_exception_list(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->texture_target_exception_list;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::ignore_gpu_blacklist) ignore_gpu_blacklist(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->ignore_gpu_blacklist;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_oop_rasterization) enable_oop_rasterization(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_oop_rasterization;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::disable_oop_rasterization) disable_oop_rasterization(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->disable_oop_rasterization;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_oop_rasterization_ddl) enable_oop_rasterization_ddl(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_oop_rasterization_ddl;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::watchdog_starts_backgrounded) watchdog_starts_backgrounded(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->watchdog_starts_backgrounded;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::gr_context_type) gr_context_type(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->gr_context_type;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::use_vulkan) use_vulkan(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->use_vulkan;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enforce_vulkan_protected_memory) enforce_vulkan_protected_memory(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enforce_vulkan_protected_memory;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::disable_vulkan_surface) disable_vulkan_surface(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->disable_vulkan_surface;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::disable_vulkan_fallback_to_gl_for_testing) disable_vulkan_fallback_to_gl_for_testing(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->disable_vulkan_fallback_to_gl_for_testing;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_metal) enable_metal(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_metal;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_gpu_benchmarking_extension) enable_gpu_benchmarking_extension(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_gpu_benchmarking_extension;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_webgpu) enable_webgpu(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_webgpu;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_gpu_blocked_time_metric) enable_gpu_blocked_time_metric(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_gpu_blocked_time_metric;
}
static decltype(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::enable_native_gpu_memory_buffers) enable_native_gpu_memory_buffers(
const ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr& input) {
return input->enable_native_gpu_memory_buffers;
}
static bool Read(::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferences::DataView input, ::gpu::mojom::GpuPreferencesPtr* output);
};
} // namespace mojo
#endif // GPU_IPC_COMMON_GPU_PREFERENCES_MOJOM_H_
| 16,376 |
3e945173811336ed8ad3d003fdd35e0d
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Various open data
| 2,018 |
pourvoi_n°17-16.864_17_10_2018.pdf
|
courdecassation.fr
|
French
|
Spoken
| 1,239 | 1,999 |
17 octobre 2018
Cour de cassation
Pourvoi n° 17-16.864
Chambre commerciale financière et économique - Formation restreinte RNSM/NA
ECLI:FR:CCASS:2018:CO10504
Texte de la décision
Entête
COMM.
FB
COUR DE CASSATION
______________________
Audience publique du 17 octobre 2018
Rejet non spécialement motivé
M. X..., conseiller doyen
faisant fonction de président
Décision n° 10504 F
Pourvoi n° H 17-16.864
Page 1 / 4
Pourvoi N°17-16.864-Chambre commerciale financière et économique
17 octobre 2018
RÉPUBLIQUEFRANÇAISE
_________________________
AU NOM DU PEUPLE FRANÇAIS
_________________________
LA COUR DE CASSATION, CHAMBRE COMMERCIALE, FINANCIÈRE ET ÉCONOMIQUE, a rendu la décision suivante :
Vu le pourvoi formé par la société Union matériaux, société par actions simplifiée, dont le siège est [...] ,
contre l'arrêt rendu le 3 janvier 2017 par la cour d'appel de Montpellier (2e chambre), dans le litige l'opposant à M. JeanPhilippe Y..., domicilié [...] ,
défendeur à la cassation ;
Vu la communication faite au procureur général ;
LA COUR, en l'audience publique du 4 septembre 2018, où étaient présents : M. X..., conseiller doyen faisant fonction de
président, M. Z..., conseiller référendaire rapporteur, M. Guérin, conseiller, M. A... , premier avocat général, M. Graveline,
greffier de chambre ;
Vu les observations écrites de la SCP Nicolaÿ, de Lanouvelle et Hannotin, avocat de la société Union matériaux, de la SCP
Richard, avocat de M. Y... ;
Sur le rapport de M. Z..., conseiller référendaire, l'avis de M. A... , premier avocat général, et après en avoir délibéré
conformément à la loi ;
Motivation
Vu l'article 1014 du code de procédure civile ;
Attendu que le moyen de cassation annexé, qui est invoqué à l'encontre de la décision attaquée, n'est manifestement
pas de nature à entraîner la cassation ;
Qu'il n'y a donc pas lieu de statuer par une décision spécialement motivée ;
Dispositif
REJETTE le pourvoi ;
Condamne la société Union matériaux aux dépens ;
Vu l'article 700 du code de procédure civile, rejette sa demande et la condamne à payer à M. Y... la somme de 3 000
euros ;
Page 2 / 4
Pourvoi N°17-16.864-Chambre commerciale financière et économique
17 octobre 2018
Ainsi décidé par la Cour de cassation, chambre commerciale, financière et économique, et prononcé par le président en
son audience publique du dix-sept octobre deux mille dix-huit. MOYEN ANNEXE à la présente décision
Moyen produit par la SCP Nicolaÿ, de Lanouvelle et Hannotin, avocat aux Conseils, pour la société Union matériaux.
Il est fait grief à l'arrêt infirmatif attaqué d'avoir dit que l'engagement de caution souscrit par M. Y... le 4 octobre 2011 est
nul et de nul effet, d'avoir débouté la société Union Matériaux de l'ensemble de ses demandes et d'avoir condamnée
cette société aux dépens de première instance et d'appel ;
Aux motifs que « Il résulte de l'article L. 341-2 du code de la consommation désormais codifié aux articles L. 331-1 et L.
343-1 dudit code, par application de l'ordonnance n° 2016-301 du 14 mars 2016, entrée en vigueur le 1er juillet 2016, que
toute personne physique qui s'engage par acte sous seing privé en qualité de caution envers un créancier professionnel
fait précéder sa signature de la mention manuscrite suivante et uniquement de celle-ci : « En me portant caution de X...,
dans la limite de la somme de ..., couvrant le paiement du principal, des intérêts et, le cas échéant, des pénalités ou
intérêts de retard et pour la durée de ..., je m'engage à rembourser au prêteur les sommes dues sur mes revenus et mes
biens, si X..., n'y satisfait pas lui-même ». Ces formalités sont prescrites à peine de nullité. Le formalisme édicté par ce
texte d'ordre public, qui vise à assurer l'information complète de la personne se portant caution quant à la portée de son
engagement, conditionne la validité même de l'acte de cautionnement. Il en résulte que le non-respect des dispositions
relatives à la mention manuscrite exigée par ces textes, est sanctionné par la nullité automatique de l'acte, à moins qu'il
ne s'agisse d'imperfections mineures ou d'une erreur matérielle, qui n'affectent ni le sens ni la portée de la mention. En
l'espèce, il n'est pas contesté que l'engagement de caution souscrit par M. Y... le 4 octobre 2011, envers la société Union
Matériaux, créancier professionnel, est régi par les dispositions légales susvisées. Dans l'acte de caution, M. Y... a écrit la
formule suivante : « En me portant caution de la société Roussillon Plac, dans la limite de la somme de trente mille euros,
couvrant le paiement du principal, des intérêts et le cas échéant, des pénalités ou intérêts de retard pour une duré de un
an renouvelable par tacite reconduction, je m'engage à rembourser au prêteur les sommes dues sur mes revenus et mes
biens. (...) » Le cautionnement vis-à-vis d'un créancier professionnel souscrit par acte sous seing privé doit être à durée
déterminée. Ainsi la formule fixant la durée de l'engagement à « un an renouvelable par tacite reconduction » constitue
une mention contraire aux dispositions d'ordre public puisqu'à l'issue du délai de un an, le cautionnement devient à
durée indéterminée. De plus, si les dispositions légales susvisées ne fixent pas la manière dont la durée de l'engagement
de caution doit être mentionnée dans l'acte de cautionnement, il n'en demeure pas moins que s'agissant d'un élément
essentiel permettant à la caution de mesurer la portée exacte de son engagement, elle doit être précisée clairement et
l'ajout d'un renouvellement par tacite reconduction est, en tout état de cause, source de confusion quant à la portée de
l'engagement de caution. L'ajout dont s'agit ne résulte pas d'une erreur ou d'une imperfection mineure s'agissant d'une
atteinte à la durée déterminée d'un cautionnement consenti par acte sous seing privé, étant observé au surplus que M.
Y... n'a fait que reproduire le modèle dactylographié établi par la société Union Matériaux. La formule utilisée au titre de
la durée affecte la validité de l'acte de caution qui est nul et de nul effet, en ce qu'il ne respecte pas le formalisme légal.
Les demandes de la société Union Matériaux fondées sur cet engagement de caution seront rejetées et le jugement sera
infirmé en toutes ses dispositions. Il ne sera pas fait application des dispositions de l'article 700 du code de procédure
civile au profit d'aucune des parties tant en première instance qu'en cause d'appel. La société Union Matériaux
supportera la charge de ses propres dépens de première instance et d'appel » (arrêt p. 4 à 6) ;
Alors qu'est nul le cautionnement souscrit par une personne physique au profit d'un créancier professionnel si et
seulement le non-respect des termes de la mention manuscrite affecte la compréhension par la caution de la nature et
de la portée de son engagement ; qu'en déclarant nul le cautionnement litigieux aux motifs que la mention prévoyait une
durée d'un an renouvelable par tacite reconduction, lorsqu'une telle mention avait pour seul effet de limiter
l'engagement de la caution à une durée d'un an, la cour d'appel a violé l'article L. 341-2 du code de la consommation
désormais codifié aux articles L. 331-1 et L. 343-1 du même code, en vertu de l'ordonnance n° 2016-301 du 14 mars
2016.
Décision attaquée
Cour d'appel de montpellier 02
Page 3 / 4
Pourvoi N°17-16.864-Chambre commerciale financière et économique
17 octobre 2018
3 janvier 2017 (n°15/03427)
Textes appliqués
Article 1014 du code de procédure civile.
Les dates clés
Cour de cassation Chambre commerciale financière et économique 17-10-2018
Cour d'appel de Montpellier 02 03-01-2017
Page 4 / 4
| 15,673 |
CHP/1877/CHP_18770706/MM_01/0002.xml_1
|
NewZealand-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,877 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,035 | 9,591 |
SHIPPING. PORT OF LYTTELTON. Weather—(This Day.) Morning, 11:32; night, 11:58. Arrived—July 5. Margaret, ketch, 26 tons, Smith, from Port Levy. Master, agent. Courier, ketch, 31 tons, Sinclair, from Pigeon Bay. Master, agent. Clabbed—July 5. Amateur, ketch, Neileon, for Akaroa. Alert, schooner. Have, for Hokitika. Sailed—July 5. Woodbine, barque, McLaren, for Newcastle, in a Hast. Imports. Per E. r. Cameron —18,000 ft timber, 2 cases, 2 sacks, 2 parcels lutrsjaee. Consignees—W. Montgomery and Co, W. Sheffield and Co, Allen. Exports. Per Amateur —40 bags flour, 7 bags potatoes, 26 kegs butter, 131 loose cheese, 20 cases bacon, 279 bags oatmeal. 32 sacks sharps, 10 do bran, 173 do barley. 45 do oats. Shippers—Watt and Co. Mr and Co, T. H. Green. S. Boyle. Per Taranaki —Unexamined Lumber—12 pkgs. Under bond ex Otago—8 pcs pipe. 1 bar iron. Free —43 cases, 31 bdls hides, 1 chaffcutter, 8 bals skins, 118 sacks potatoes, 42 cases bacon, 17 cases cheese. 4 kegs Butter, 3 trunks, 216 sacks wheat, 14 kegs lard, 365 cheese, 4ft cask?. Ship pers—Strong. King, Wood, Spackman, Simond, Dalgety, Nichols and Co. Reid and Bain, Gar forth and Lee, Watt and Co, Miles, Hassal and Co, Miles, Hassal and Co, Clarke and Son, Star Curing Company. Lightband. Allan and Co, S. Boyle, Dransfield and Roper, Cuff and Graham. The William Davie will break bulk today. The Lurline will probably finish her loading tomorrow night. The ship commenced discharging yesterday, and did fair work. She starts work today at both hatches. Both broad and narrow gauge trucks will be used for her cargo in order to ensure despatch. The schooner Alert cleared yesterday, and was to sail for Hokitika last night. Correspondence respecting the proposed light house at Tekitikahas has been handed to the "West Coast Times" for publication. The Hokitika Harbor Board having requested the Hon. Mr. Gisborne to communicate with the Commissioner of Customs upon the subject, the following letter was received by him in reply: — "In reply, I have to inform you that the light which at one time it was proposed to erect at Emritika, has through the pressing necessity for a light contiguous to the dangerous reefs near Moernki. I had to be used for that place; but even if it had not been required there, I doubt whether the Board would have agreed to keep up such an expensive light after their refusal to take over the harbor staff notwithstanding the liberal endowments which have been granted to them. A light at Hokitika can not be kept up, and it is not necessary as a coastal light. I desire to state, however, that if the Board will assure the Government of its willingness to maintain the light when erected, they will be prepared to send to England for a suitable harbor light, which will cost them only a very moderate amount to keep up." The Board is naturally much indignant, but has finally consented to the proposal of the Commissioner. There is hopeful news, wrote the "Liverpool Post" in April last, of the crew and passengers of the emigrant ship Cairo, whose loss on the Australian voyage was reported on March 30th. It was then suggested that the vessel had probably stranded the Tristan d'Acunha Islands, one of which is inhabited. Information has now reached England that a boat's crew from Tristan d'Acunha had lately hailed a passing vessel and reported that there were ninety-five persons on the inhabited island "all well." As the number of the population seldom reaches seventy or eighty, and often goes down to forty or fifty, it was surmised that some, if not all, of the crew and passengers of the Cairo may have reached the inhabited island and found hospitable shelter. Subsequently, however, Mr Boughton Kyngdon, writing from Croydon, May 4th, says: "I am sorry that the hopeful news copied from the "Liverpool Post" has no element of hope in it. I have just had a letter from a friend who called at Tristan d'Acunha, in the ship Eakaia, at the end of last January. He describes the inhabitants, and states that they number ninety-three, most, if not all, of whom were born on the island. This statement at once negatives the supposition that there were any shipwrecked sailors there." Mrs. Morey and daughter, Auckland, July 5. Sailed—Minehaha, for Lyttelton, via Thames. POST OFFICE NOTICES. Mails close at the Chief Post-office for the following places as under, subject to necessary alterations:— This Day. For Otago, per Taupo, at 11 a.m.; late letters, 11.20 a.m.; railway, 12.10 p.m. train. Saturday, July 7. For Otago and Australian Colonies, per Ringa rooma, at 11 a.m.; late letters, 11.20 a.m.; railway, 12.10 p.m. train. For Northern Ports, per TaranaK, at 3.10 p.m.; late letters, 3.30 p.m.; railway, 4 p.m. train. For Wellington and Kaikoura, per Tui, at 4.46 p.m. Late letter box, railway station, must not be used for Tui's mails. J. FITZGIBBON. Chief Postmaster. DAILY MEMORANDA—Friday, July 6. AUCTIONS— 5-tr g *f % -5*5! § W P «H _• P » J *?oII 8 g 3 ft j.,!!* I BIRTH. EtrrffEßFOßD—June 30th. at Mendip Hills, Mrs A. W Hutherford of a daughter. The Press. FRIDAY, JULY 6, 1877. The Government cannot complain that the County Councils have neglected the appeal made to them for half in remodeling the Counties Act. Quite the contrary indeed. They have been only too liberal with their advice. The aid the Government requested has been bestowed with even distressing abundance. They are being over whelmed with the flood of recommen dations poured in upon them. They are undone by their auxiliaries. They sought safety in the multitude of counsellors, and they are endangered by the very extent and profession of the assistance offered. The County Councils of Canterbury, or some of them—or, to speak with perfect accuracy, a select number of County Councillors within the Canterbury district—were the first to come forward. These gentlemen took an oddly original view of the matter. They somehow contrived to persuade themselves that their meeting was fraught with a mighty and mysterious consequence— that they were engaged in a profound design for the speedy restoration of provincialism. They approached their task with all the stealthiness of mid-night conspirators. Slipping into the Provincial Council Chamber one morning, when no one was there to see, and heedfully barring the doors against any casual intruder, they gathered round the table feud with bated breath passed a set of resolutions, and then decamped as hurriedly and as secretly as they had met. Their resolutions are now in the hands of the Government. The authors, in anxious suspense, are biding the result. They remind us of a group of small children venturously firing-off a toy cannon, who, fighting the fusee and scurrying off to a safe distance, stand in awe-struck expectation of the coming pop. In other parts of the colony, the proceedings of the County Councils have been less melodious but more to the purpose. There the chief aim of the people seems to be to escape from the Counties Act by an unlimited creation of municipalities. Every collection of houses big enough to be entitled to a separate name aspires to be formed into a borough. But in other places, the Government circular received prompt attention. From Hawke's Bay, for example, there has come a somewhat elaborate proposal for the modification of the Counties Act. It would not have mattered if the suggestions had been tolerably alike. Ministers would then have had an easy task. If the modifications proposed by the various County Councils had all taken the same direction, they could have been accepted en masse. The Government Bill drafter would have put them into proper shape; and Ministers would have brought down their measure with a joyous certainty of a majority for every amendment when they came to be discussed in Committee. But unfortunately for them, the case is just the reverse. The County Councils are not at all unanimous. They contradict one another point blank. Their recommendations are hopelessly inconsistent and irreconcilable. The Government are thus thrown back upon their own discretion. They must pick and choose. Of the variety of material proffered to them, some must be accepted and the rest thrown aside. They may accept and reject at pleasure; but the choice, and the responsibility of choosing wisely, rest entirely with themselves. Their attempt to avoid this responsibility has failed. They must perforce undergo the painful process of making up their minds; with the still more painful consciousness that, whatever their decision, they are certain to offend someone. With the recommendations from the Ottawa Counties there will perhaps be less difficulty. We have not gone through the long lists of amendments that appear in the Dunedin papers; but, as far as we have observed, they are of a purely practical character, in tended to improve the working of the Act. The Conference did not discuss the principles of the county system, but was content with suggesting such improvements as experience had shown to be needed in the machinery. But the conferences of County Chairmen held at Napier and Christchurch went much further than this. Their resolutions dealt with such questions as the number of counties, the constitution and functions of County Councils, the relations between County Councils and Road Boards. And on these subjects they came to widely different conclusions. The resolutions passed at Napier went to enlarge the power of the Councils. It was agreed to recommend that the Council should have some power over the Road Boards, and should have a voice in regulating the boundaries of Road districts, and that boroughs also should be subordinate to County Councils in matters of common concern. The proposition that Road Boards should be merged in the counties, though not adopted, met with considerable approval. It was further decided that the Council should have full powers of rating for general purposes — public works, charitable aid, &c, and should have some amount of legislative authority, in the shape of power to alter local Acts, such as those relating to dog taxes, slaughter houses, &c. All this is directly opposed to the resolutions passed by the conference at Christchurch. It was further decided that the Council should have full powers of rating for general purposes — public works, charitable aid, &c. They did not recommend the simple repeal of the Counties Act. There can be no object in having County Councils at all, if their duties are to be narrowly restricted. Given the same means, "the Road Boards could look after the main roads quite as efficiently." It is much to be regretted, we think, that in the new tariff of Bailway charges there should have been any increase made to the passenger fares. The questions involved in a fair settlement of goods traffic, the sufficiency or insufficiency of trucks, the storage and delivery of goods, the rates to be imposed upon the various descriptions of merchandise forwarded, are matters necessarily much complicated and difficult of solution. But there exists no such difficulty with regard to passenger traffic. When wool, or grain, or timber is sent by railway, men are required first of all to load the trucks, and men are again wanted at the journey's end to discharge them; moreover, stores or shelter must be provided somewhere to protect them from the weather. Consequently, it becomes matter of difficulty so to arrange the charges that a fair profit shall accrue to the Bailways, whilst the competition of drays or ships is at the same time avoided. But passengers cause very little trouble. They fill the carriages themselves, they leave the carriages themselves, and they depart from the stations of their own accord as soon as they can. There is, therefore, an absolute minimum of expense to the Bailway attending them. On the other hand, there is a maximum of profit. The actual cost of each train is probably covered by the fares of a very small number of passengers; consequently, every one over that number is pure profit, unattended by any expense whatever. It would naturally be thought, therefore, that the rates of passenger fares would be such as to guard the department against the possible small loss consequent upon scantiness of passengers, if occurring, and at the same time to attract to the trains as many people as could possibly be accommodated. ,000, or more than double the actual population of the whole colony. If this were the result, and if every succeeding year showed a marked increase in profit over the year preceding, it is difficult to understand the motives which have led the Railway authorities to raise, even in the slightest degree, the passenger fares. The Member for Hon. Mr. Stafford, our Times correspondent in forms us, has arranged to address his constituents at that place on Wednesday next. Kaiapoi Ploughing Match.—The meeting to pass the accounts in connection with this match is to take place on Wednesday evening next. SOUTHBIDGE TOWN HILL COMPANY. An adjourned annual meeting of shareholders will be held on Monday next, to pass accounts, elect officers, &c. Canterbury College.—A meeting of the Board of Governors of the College will be held at the Public Library at 11 a.m. this day. Habbock Board. —The usual fortnightly meeting of the Lyttelton Harbor Board will be held at three o'clock this afternoon at the Government Buildings. Supreme Court.—The criminal sessions of the Supreme Court concluded yesterday. In the case of Regina v. Henderson, for perjury, the jury returned a verdict of "Not guilty." The civil sittings will open on Wednesday next, when the special jury cases will be taken. Ixqttest. —An inquest was held yesterday at Bingsland, on the body of the infant child of Mary Howard, which was found dead in its bed on Tuesday morning. The evidence of Dr. Doyle went to show that death resulted from suffocation. The Coroner reprimanded the mother for not having attended to the child from ten o'clock at night until early next morning. The jury returned a verdict of "Accidental suffocation." The Edttcattok Bill —Our correspondent at Dunedin telegraphed on Wednesday that Mr. Hislop was to proceed to Wellington to aid the Government in the preparation of the Education. Bill, and that Mr. Pyke had been appointed acting secretary to the Otago Elucation Board during Mr. Hislop's absence. The telegram, as we received it, conveyed a wrong impression. It was Mr. P. G. Pryde who was appointed to the temporary office. Thb Ghuirrr.--" Our Nelly" and "The Invisible Prince " were repeated last night at the Gaiety Theatre. Miss Morgan's song " Whip poor Will" was encored, and the other songs and dances in the burlesque were also loudly applauded. The company will appear again this evening. 1.0.G.T.—A tea meeting will be held this evening, in aid of the Lyttelton Juvenile Ghx>d Templars, at the Wesleyan schoolroom in Lyttelton. An adjournment will after wards be made to the Oddfellows Ilall, where a musical entertainment and Spelling Bee will take place, to further the same object. A Wondkrsuz Turnip.—There is at present on view at Messrs Vaughan and Cordner's store, Sefton, a turnip grown by Mr Alex. Vallance, of Mount Grey Downs, Sefton, weighing 33lbs, its girth being 4ft 3in. Poultry Society.—A special meeting of the members of the Christchurch Poultry, Pigeon, and Canary Society, was held last night at Radcliffe's Hotel. Mr E. W. Feredny, president, occupied the chair. It was decided to hold the next show during the second week in July, 1878. The question of the duration of the show was left for the con sideration of the new committee. The secre tary, Mr W. G-. Walker, intimated his inten tion of resigning at the next annual general meeting. Theatre Royal.—" The Vicar of Wake field '' was repeated last evening to a fair house, and went exceedingly well throughout. To-night it will be played for the last time, and on Saturday "Richard the Third" is announced. It is to be hoped in new of the great success attending its production, that Mr Hoskins will see his way clear to put "The Two Orphans" on again for a few nights. The piece has had a very good run, and playgoers will be glad once more to have an opportunity of renewing their acquaint ance with it. Meat Exhibition. —The midwinter exhi bition of meat for the prizes offered by the butchers of Christchurch, will take place to day. The following are the judges : —Messrs Lilly (Rangiora), Hartnell (Dunsandel), R. M. Creswell (Papanui), J. G. G.irforth (Lyt telton), and W. Rossiter (Mulvern). The entries for the prizes are ten in number, and comprise Messrs H. B. Lane (Cashel street), J. Hopkins and Co. (Colombo street), Hender son and Mcßeath (Newtown), A. Macdonnld (Cashel street), W. Gaisford (Colombo street), John Mann (Colombo street), James Morrison (Colombo street), W. B. Clarkson (Cashel Street), Thomas Rowe (Tuam Street), and J. Jackson (Papanum). In connection with the above show, a dinner will be held at the White Hart Hotel at seven o'clock this evening. Rangiora Literary Institute. —A meeting of the managing committee of this Institute was held on Tuesday evening, at which all the members were present except Mr Ellis, Mr C. Merton presiding. It was resolved that the weekly edition of the "London Times" be procured as early as possible for the use of the reading-room, and it was intimated that, in all probability, a lecture would be delivered during the course of the present month, but as definite arrangements had not yet been made, it was resolved to empower the secretary to make it public in due course. The treasurer reported a credit balance of £68, with some outstanding amounts not yet paid in. The increase in the applications for members' tickets was notified. Other business of a routine nature was transacted. Kaiapoi BoROr/GH School. —The examination of the scholars attending this school, in the standards as well as for prizes, was conducted on Wednesday and Thursday by Mr J. P. Restell, Government Inspector of Schools. There was an average attendance of children on both days. The examination is said to have been satisfactory and reflecting credit alike on the scholars and the teaching staff under Mr E. Rayner and Miss Hookham. Church Horticultural Society was held last evening. Mr. E. C. J. Stevens was in the chair. The other members present were Messrs. G. A. Reade (trea surer), T. Gordon, J. Guntrip, P. Harvey, T. Allen, and the secretary. The tender of the "Lyttelton Times" for printing the schedules was accepted. The secretary reported that he had waited on the donors of the extra prizes of last season, with the most satisfactory result. Historical Club.—This club gave its second performance last evening at the Good Templar Hall. The pieces selected were "Nine Points of the Law" and a negro sketch. In the first of these, Mrs. Vincent, as Mrs. Smylie, deserves very great credit for the really admirable manner in which she played her part. The other parts were also fairly filled. If we might venture to offer a suggestion to the members of the club, it is that they should pay a little more attention to the scenic effects. Last evening it was somewhat bewildering, to say the least of it, to see an entire drawing-room suite in the middle of a bay, with mountains in the distance. The wonder was still more increased when the ladies and gentlemen calmly engaged in conversation while (apparently) floating over the placid waters of the bay above mentioned. This little matter should be looked to in future, as it is apt to create alarm in the minds of the audience for the safety of the astors. STORTHEBY La*d, Btrri.Dr?rc>, Loajt and Investment Society.—A general meeting of this society was held in the Oddfellows' Hall, Kanapoi, on Wednesday evening, at which about 30 shareholders were present. Mr Parnham, chairman of directors, presided. The minutes of a general meeting held on April 4th, in reference to incorporation of the Society under the Building Societies Act, 1876, were read and confirmed. On the motion of Mr J. W. Ellen, seconded by Mr J. H. Moore, it was resolved that the amendments in the rules rendered necessary by the doing away with trustees, and to enable the directors to borrow on security of the financial position of the society, be passed. Messrs H. Neene and R. Moore, the directors who retire at the annual meeting in August, were nominated for re-election, on the motion of Mr Porter, seconded by Mr C. Smith. It was resolved that the auditors' fee be £1 1s each. The meeting then adjourned. LYTTEI.TON COMMITTEE, SOCIETY. The monthly meeting of the committee was held on Wednesday last. The vice-president, Mr Joyce, chairman of the committee appointed, produced a plan of the proposed second entrance to the hall, which he had prepared. He estimated the cost at £40. After considerable discussion, the meeting adjourned. LYTTEI.TON COMMITTEE, SOCIETY. The monthly meeting of the committee was held on Wednesday last. The vice-president, Mr Joyce, chairman of the committee appointed, produced a plan of the proposed second entrance to the hall, which he had prepared. He estimated the cost at £40. After considerable discussion, the meeting adjourned. LYTTEI.TON COMMITTEE, SOCIETY. Credit at the Bank £35 7s 10s. Accounts amounting to £9 8s 6d were passed for payment. Mr. Griffin was granted leave of absence, and also Mr. Rose. There was a long discussion regarding the books which Mr. Stanford was sending from home. Very general dissatisfaction was expressed at the character of the works received, and it was moved, "That a letter be written to Mr. Stanford, informing him that the committee decline accepting the best parcel of books forwarded by him, as they are nearly all old works of which there are duplicates in the library; asking to be advised as to the disposal of the rejected parcel, and declining to do further business with him." The meeting then adjourned. Composition Meeting.— Yesterday several members of the Coursing Club had a private meeting, which was very successful. The commencement was made at Mr J. Taylor's near Papanui, and some grand courses were shortly afterwards run. The party then proceeded to Mr Thos. Tubman's, where in a large stubble field some fine runs were had. One in particular was a magnificent course, the dogs reaching puss several times, but such was her great speed and strength that, after a very long course, she got clear away. Three hares were this time legitimately killed. The first killed on Mr Tubman's ground was presented to that gentleman with due ceremony. The success of this meeting was so great that strong feelings of regret were expressed at the shortness of the season. After a very successful day, the party separated, after thanking Messrs Taylor and Tubman for their kindness in affording such good sport. The latter gentleman was also specially thanked for the hospitable manner in which owners of dogs were entertained by him to a good luncheon. Cure Boating Cough, Kipper.—A general meeting of the members of this club was held at Schmidt's Hotel, on Wednesday evening. A majority of the club was present, in reply to a circular sent to each reminding them that the business of the meeting was to take into consideration the advisability of disposing of sufficient of the club's property to defray existing liabilities. Mr C. Oram, president, occupied the chair. After some discussion upon the statement of accounts as furnished by the late treasurer, Mr P. W. Eiby, and on the question of taking proceedings for the recovery of moneys not paid to the club, it was proposed by Mr J. Sims — "That sufficient of the club's property be disposed of to defray the existing liabilities." He regretted very much to have to make such a proposition, but it appeared to be the only course open. Through no fault of the members, the club had been placed almost hopelessly in debt, and in common honesty the property must be sold to pay its bills. Mr G. H. Wearing stated he felt very sorry that matters had come to this. It was simply impossible for the annual subscribers to make up the deficiency within a reasonable period. There was no doubt whatever but every club in Canterbury was more or less dependent on its winnings at the regattas to help its finances out, but it seemed as if the club had begun a system of cutting this source of revenue away entirely. There was no doubt whatever but every club in Canterbury was more or less dependent on its winnings at the regattas to help its finances out, and it seemed as if the club had begun a system of cutting this source of revenue away entirely. Having expressed similar opinions, the motion was put and carried unanimously. The meeting then adjourned. The Dispabitt of Licensed Houses.— Mr. Price, the special licensing officer for Kumara, in opening the proceedings on Friday last, called attention to the disproportion of licensed houses in Kumara compared with other towns. In Ohristchurch with a population of 15,000, there are only 39 retail licenses; in Hokitika, 50; in Greymouth, 32; in Wellington, 42. Kumara, with a population of 1400, half of whom were women and children, had already 40 licenses, and now applied; for nine more. Mr. Price spoke in very warm terms of the inebriates. He deplored the increase in the number of cases brought before him of late, and expressed his determination to deal with all in the severest manner the law permitted. He hinted that his experience led him to believe that not only the drunkard should be punished, but also the person who supplied the drink. His Worship spoke also of the advisability of a provision being made, by future legislation, for the temporary seclusion of dipsomaniacs. Electric Candles.—The "Times" publishes an account of an "electric candle," invented by a Russian ex-officer, M. Paul Jablochkoff, now in Paris. This gentleman uses a "candle" of some compound which is his secret, but into which "kaolin," the clay from which hard china is made, largely enters, and with one battery can produce some fifty lights. They are so powerful that it is necessary to soften the light by using opaline burners, and six of them gave, in the Marengo Hall, Paris, a light equal to that from one hundred argand gas-burners. It is believed that the light can be used for theatres and all other large buildings, and further improvements are expected, but as yet nothing is said either of its cost or of the amount of trouble involved. The main fact as yet is that M. Jablochkoff has succeeded in dividing the electric light so that one battery would light fifty electric candles placed, say, along the Strand. This is an ominous fact for all gas companies to think over. "Washington Public Market.—It was recently proposed that the city of Wellington should be provided with a public market house something superior to the ancient and unused fabric which it now possesses, but, judging from the following humorous description in the "Argus," the country settlers are indifferent to the possession of such a convenience: —The market committee of the City Council assembled at the Council Chamber today, as per announcement, to hear and consider the views of the public in general and country settlers in particular, with regard to the erection of a market. At the appointed hour there were present—His Worship the Mayor, Councillors Allen, Allan, and Dixon, one ex-sea captain, who could not be exactly considered a "public," and three representatives of the Press. After waiting for some fifteen or more minutes the Mayor declared the meeting to have lapsed. He looked sorrowful of countenance; his heart had been set on having a market in the interests of the country folk, and it was grievous to find them so utterly regardless of their own welfare. On leaving the room he met a country settler entering, and a smile alighted on the faces of the committee, the ex-sea captain, and the Press. The settler was asked in, and then some more waiting was done in the hope that other settlers would come. Vain hope! A day of business could be done with one "public," the Mayor and committee again reluctantly declared the meeting lapsed, and all departed." Public Buildings in Invebargill.— Advantage has been taken of the visit of the Colonial Architect, Mr. Clayton, to the town of Invebargill, to point out to him the sufferings and requirements of the public, in regard to the accommodation afforded them in buildings belonging to the Government. For example, says the "News," he might be escorted to that portion of the Post-office where the receiving boxes are placed, and I called on to admire, in brick and mortar, what he planned on paper. If the visit could be made after sunset, when a stiff south-easter is blowing, with a moderate downfall of rain, the pleasant effect may reasonably be expected to be more impressive; and if, by any chance, the visitor had a letter to post, and stood there fumbling in the recesses of puree or pocket-book for the necessary stamp, so much the better. To knowledge like that practically gained. Then, should the gentleman remain in town long enough, he might, with some probable advantage, be escorted to the Resident Magistrate's Court on a field-day, say almost any Tuesday or Friday. Here the cicerone could dilate on the total absence of any provision for accommodating ten or twenty witnesses (the latter number is not in frequent), who must perforce promenade a long, cold lobby, furtively dashing out occasionally to keep up the necessary animal heat by some raw stimulant. Within the room if self there will probably be ocular demonstration that it is much too small for the purpose, even when the audience is thinned by the order "All witnesses in this case will leave the Court," and, as for comfort, let the visitor be induced to occupy the reporters' seat for an hour or two and he will find a new meaning for the word. Sit wrapped up in a heavy top coat, and it is noticed that the window sill, against which the reporters' backs are placed, carries a miniature lake, and that the fireplace is filled in by a grate which might contain fuel sufficient to warm a bedroom, Mr Clayton will possibly have an idea of what it is to sit there from eleven o'clock a.m. to four, fire, or six o'clock pan. Akchob Fishing.—At Timaru, on Wednesday, while one of the Government Land, ing Service's boats were out "fishing," an anchor and cable were recovered. The former is of moderate size, and the latter weighing about five tons. This, says the "Herald" in the fourth anchor and chain the service has recovered during the last fortnight, and it has evidently been immersed some considerable time. Sealing at Jackson's Bay.—Some of the settlers at Jackson's Bay have lately turned their attention to the enterprise of capturing seals among the rooks and caves to the southward of the bay, and have been comparatively successful. It is stated by a correspondent of the West Coast Times that a party of four men were absent for five days about a fortnight ago, and returned with a cargo of 140 seal skins. The actual time of killing the seals was only six hours. As they are worth from 25s to 30s each, they will make a handsome profit by their venture. This party are away on another trip, and two more boats are fitting out, and will start as soon as the weather is favorable. It is said that the Times has a new venture in Dunedin, and that the Crown Hotel, Rat tray street, Dunedin, has been purchased by Mr. P.'Kelicher, for over £6000.— £500 have been subscribed in Dunedin, and £293 will be offered for Mr. Pope, formerly of the Dunedin High School.—There was a rumor that Mr. Wood, one of the Southland members, had resigned, but he is to attend the session, and the press ceeds to England.—Mr. Lumsden, member for Invercargill, has announced his intention of giving a moderate support to the present. Ministry, so long as it includes Mr. Donald Reid. The Colonial Defence Commission.— In addressing the Auckland volunteers lately, Major Lusk said he had received a letter from their lute commanding officer, Major Gordon, who was now in Sydney. That officer, amongst other things, informed him that Sir William Jervois and Colonel Scratchley, the gentlemen despatched by the Imperial Government to report upon the defenses of the colonies, would arrive in Auckland in the month of August next, and that it was not generally known that part of their duty was to report upon the volunteer force. Major Gordon therefore hoped that the volunteers lately under his command, would acquit themselves in a manner such as to reflect credit upon themselves, their officers, and upon himself. A Curious Wager.—The Paris correspondent of the "S. M. Herald" writes:— A curious wager has just been lost. One of the betters had asked the other at what moment the nineteenth century commenced. "Oh!" replied the latter, "why, of course, it began on the 1st January, 1800." "Not at all," cried the querist. The two thereafter laid a wager on their respective opinions, and the second party has lost. In fact, the century in question only begins on the 1st January, 1901. To constitute a complete century a hundred years must have elapsed. The first century of the Christian era not having finished until the end of the 31st December of the hundredth year at midnight, the second century only commenced on the 1st January, 1901; and so on. Conse quently, the nineteenth century will terminate on the 31st December, 1900. Official Point. — "P.," a contri butor to the Neleon "Mail," quotes the following as one of the latest devices of the Stamp Department for "raising the wind": Within the last few months, a man died in Wellington leaving us his sole executrix, a relation residing in Nelson. The property was small, being under £200, and the estate was insolvent, there being a deficiency shown from the first of £46. One of the assets was a tool chest, which was valued at the lump sum of £25, but this would not do for the Stamp Department. No, the whole of the tools must be set out in detail, and a separate value given to each item. The delay that was thus caused in proving the will was a serious annoyance to the executrix, and the cost in one way and another amounted to date on £7, the greater part of which was entailed by the harraesing conditions imposed by the department. The delay that was thus caused in proving the will was a serious annoyance to the executrix, and the cost in one way and another amounted to date on £7, the greater part of which was entailed by the harraesing conditions imposed by the department. The delay that was thus caused in proving the will was a serious annoyance to the executrix, and the cost in one way and another amounted to date on £7, the greater part of which was entailed by the harraesing conditions imposed by the department. The delay that was thus caused in proving the will was a serious annoyance to the executrix, and the cost in one way and another amounted to date on £7, the greater part of which was entailed by the harraesing conditions imposed by the department. The delay that was thus caused in proving the will was a serious annoyance to the executrix, and the cost in one way and another amounted to date on £7, the greater part of which was entailed by the harraesing conditions imposed by the department. The delay that was thus caused in proving the will was a serious annoyance to the executrix, and the cost in one way and another amounted to date on £7, the greater part of which was entailed by the harraesing conditions imposed by the department. The Key, Mr. Monro has been inducted to the charge of St. Luke's Presbyterian Church. Willimantic, July 5. Sir Francis Dillon Bell has been called to the seat in the Legislative Council. Charles Grey, confectioner, formerly in business at Dunedin and Auckland, has been found guilty of fraudulent insolvency by not giving up all his property to the trustee of his estate. He will probably be sentenced tomorrow. Mr. Munro, Mayor of Westport, has today concluded arrangements with the Government as to the leases of the town sections at Westport, forming part of the Colliery B& serve, and in reference to which a Royal Commission reported last year. The following are the terms: —Leases to be issued for twenty-one years from the 1st instant. Kents for first seven years £5, 50s, and 20s per section, according to position. Second seven years, one-third more; third seven years, double the rate for the first term. Arrears of rent to the 30th ultimo calculated on the basis approved by Mr. Curtis, ex-Superintendent of Nelson. These arrangements entirely upset the recommendations of the Royal Commission. Westport, July 5. A smart shock of earthquake was felt here yesterday at 3:30 p.m., lasting ten seconds. Oamaru, July 8. The following telegram has been received by the Chairman of the Oamaru and Naeeby, railway committee: —"The following resolution was adopted by the Niiseby committee last night: —"In the opinion of the committee, the advantages of having direct communication with South Canterbury are so great that, independently of the engineer's favorable report, the line from Duntroon via Evingsfone would receive the general support of this district." —R. W. Bescn, Chairman Naeebycora mitte." Drs. A. W. Bescn, July 5. The Railway Committee will meet on Monday evening to appoint a deputation to proceed to Wellington. The sitting of the Conference of Chairmen of County Councils was brought to a conclusion yesterday. During the three days' sitting of the Conference, the provisions of the Counties, Public Works, Financial Markets, and Rating Acts have been discussed, and a number of suggestions made for their amendment. The suggestions are to be printed and forwarded to all the County Councils in the provincial district of Otagw, and also to the Hon. the Colonial Secretary. The Chairman of the Conference, Mr. Vincent Pyke, was requested to support the proposed amendments, in his place in the House of Assembly, and the County Councils are to be asked to take the suggestions into consideration, and report the result of their deliberations to Mr. Pyke, for his use in the Assembly. The total quantity of $50,000 being less than one-sixth of an acre. This is said to be the highest price for land ever obtained in the colony. The Harbor Board this afternoon rescinded that the Wharves and Quay Reservas, concerning which the Assembly decided in favor of the Board last year, should be given back to the City Council. THE PRESS, FRIDAY, JUNE 6, 1877. THE NEW ZEALAND LOAN AND MERCANTILE AGENCY COMPANY (LIMITED.) Capital $2,000,000. This Company has Money to Lend in Earns of £500 and upwards, upon approved security. For terms and further particulars, apply at the office of the Company, Cathedral Square, Christchurch. March 23rd, 1877. 3-24 1647 STEAM TO WELLINGTON, WESTPORT, GREEKMOUTH AND HOKTIKA. BEDUCED FREIGHTS. Brunner Coal Mining and Steam Shipping to SAIL as above, on or about SATURDAY, the 14th INSTANT At 4:30 p.m. Freights. To Wellington, at current rates To Westport and Greenville, grain, flour, potatoes, bran, and sharps at 25s per ton of ten sacks; measurement goods, at 40s per ton. To Holritika, 40s per ton. Bueesgprs for Holritika forwarded from Greymouth by tramway to Knmara; thence by coach to Hokitika. Freight for Holritika transhipped at Greymouth per b.b. Waipara. P. CUNNINGHAM & CO., Agents. 7-6 7918 Lyttdkffland Church. TIES HABMAN AND STEVENS, being about to be sold new offices adjoining the site now occupied by them; are prepared to LET for a term of years their present OFFICES with possession about the end of the current year. 7-5 7870 LATE SHIPMENT. XV • AND CO. Beg to state that, owing to the extremely protracted passage of the ship Primera, they are only now in receipt of Sixty-five Packages, the contents of which should have reached them fully two months ago, and as the Season is fast drawing to a close, they have decided upon Sacrificing the Profit on the whole Shipment, comprising all kinds of DEAPEEY, which have been Bought at the lowest period of the Home and Foreign Markets, consequently Parties wishing to Purchase High Class Goods at decided BAR GAINS will find this an opportunity seldom met with in this City. THE GOODS ARE NOW READY FOR INSPECTION. W • OTEANGE AND CO. VRETOKiA House. July 2nd, 1877. 7-3 7789 X*TE ARE CASH PURCHASERS WHEAT, OATS, BAELEY, GEASS SEED, AND Other Farm Produce. Cornsacks supplied at current rates. P. CUNNINGHAM & CO., 1-22 9209 Lyttelton and Christchurch. DUNSTABLE HOUSE. JLENTH JlJi-ANNUAL CLEARANCE OF Season's Stock. TUESDAY NEXT, 10th JULY, 1877. IN anticipation of the early opening of the Spring trade, we are in need of the balance of our Autumn and Winter Stock one month earlier than usual. In making this intimation we have again the pleasure of announcing that the Goods are all quite new and fresh, being part contents of our Oases and Dales Imported by us for this half-year's trade. Our system of selling the balance of each season's stock enables us to guarantee that our customers will only be offered goods of the latest styles, and quite perfect. It is well known that on the like previous occasions we have not sought profit, and we take this opportunity of assuring our friends that we shall follow our usual business policy, and clear goods at a loss rather than hold to another season. Customers will in many instances have an opportunity of purchasing Articles of the Highest Fashion and Utility Cheaper than they could be obtained in London.
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https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%206686
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
NGC 6686
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https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NGC 6686&action=history
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Bosnian
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Spoken
| 170 | 440 |
NGC 6686 (također poznat kao MCG 7-38-17 i PGC 62224) je kompaktna galaksija koja je udaljena oko 325 miliona sg od Zemlje i nalazi se u sazviježđu Lira. Najveći prečnik je 0,90 (85 hiljada sg) a najmanji 0,8 uglovnih minuta (76 hiljada sg). Prvo otkriće je napravio Edward Swift 29. maja 1887. godine.
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Bilješke
Prividna magnituda od 14,7 – Apsolutna magnituda: M = m - 5 ((log10 DL) - 1), gdje je m=14,7 i DL=99,6 * 106.
0,90 uglovnih minuta – S = A * D * 0,000291 * P, gdje je A=0,90, D=99,6 i P = 3,2616.
Bazirano na euklidsku udaljenost.
Reference
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NGC 6686
NGC 6686 na Aladin pregledaču
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13762159
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StackExchange
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,012 |
Stack Exchange
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Danish
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Spoken
| 169 | 925 |
How to resolve DataImportHandler Exception
I am trying to import data from SQL server using DIH.I am getting below exception.
null:java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.solr.handler.dataimport.DataImportHandler
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.solr.core.SolrResourceLoader.findClass(SolrResourceLoader.java:399)
at org.apache.solr.core.SolrCore.createInstance(SolrCore.java:420)
at org.apache.solr.core.SolrCore.createRequestHandler(SolrCore.java:477)
at org.apache.solr.core.RequestHandlers.initHandlersFromConfig(RequestHandlers.java:154)
at org.apache.solr.core.SolrCore.<init>(SolrCore.java:577)
at org.apache.solr.core.SolrCore.<init>(SolrCore.java:504)
at org.apache.solr.core.CoreContainer.create(CoreContainer.java:816)
at org.apache.solr.core.CoreContainer.load(CoreContainer.java:510)
at org.apache.solr.core.CoreContainer.load(CoreContainer.java:333)
at org.apache.solr.core.CoreContainer$Initializer.initialize(CoreContainer.java:282)
at org.apache.solr.servlet.SolrDispatchFilter.init(SolrDispatchFilter.java:101)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:277)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:258)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:382)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:103)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4638)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5294)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:895)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:871)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:615)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:649)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDescriptor.run(HostConfig.java:1585)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Please help me to resolve this and tell me is there any other way to index data into solr without using DataImportHandler or Is there any way to index data to solr using any C# app or something like that ?
Thanks in advance.
Add apache-solr-dataimporthandler-x.y.z.jar and apache-solr-dataimporthandler-extras-x.y.z.jar files into the lib folder in Solr home and configure lib directory in solrconfig.xml file.
Another way to index data is to use SolrSharp project.
| 21,155 |
|
https://github.com/CitrineInformatics/smlb/blob/master/tests/feature_selection/test_sequential_feature_selector_sklearn.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
smlb
|
CitrineInformatics
|
Python
|
Code
| 109 | 467 |
from sklearn.metrics import max_error, make_scorer
from smlb import Data
from smlb.feature_selection import SequentialFeatureSelectorSklearn
from smlb.learners import RandomForestRegressionSklearn
def test_transform_default_init(friedman_1979_data: Data):
learner = RandomForestRegressionSklearn(rng=0)
sfs = SequentialFeatureSelectorSklearn(learner=learner)
sfs.fit(friedman_1979_data)
selected = sfs.apply(friedman_1979_data)
# default n_features_to_select picks total_n_features // 2 (== 2 for friedman data)
assert selected.samples().shape == (friedman_1979_data.num_samples, 2)
def test_transform_custom_init(friedman_1979_data: Data):
learner = RandomForestRegressionSklearn(rng=0)
n_features_to_select = 0.5 # keep 50% of features (rounded down), so we should be left with 2 for friedman data
direction = 'backward'
scoring = make_scorer(max_error)
cv = 2
n_jobs = 2
def _get_estimator(learner):
return learner._model
select_from_model = SequentialFeatureSelectorSklearn(
learner=learner,
n_features_to_select=n_features_to_select,
direction=direction,
scoring=scoring,
cv=cv,
n_jobs=n_jobs,
estimator_getter=_get_estimator
)
select_from_model.fit(friedman_1979_data)
selected = select_from_model.apply(friedman_1979_data)
assert selected.samples().shape == (friedman_1979_data.num_samples, 2)
| 32,892 |
https://github.com/RomanDavlyatshin/git-proxy/blob/master/.gitignore
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
git-proxy
|
RomanDavlyatshin
|
Ignore List
|
Code
| 3 | 10 |
.directory
application.json
.history
| 32,784 |
sn88063294_1943-02-23_1_8_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,943 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 1,950 | 3,185 |
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No matter how many medicines you have tried, tell your druggist to sell you a bottle of Creomulsion with the understanding you must like the way it quickly allays the cough, permitting rest and sleep, or you are to have your money back. " ~ ADVERTtSEMENT ~~~ A Million Dollars to Relieve Piles It Is estimated that over a mil lion dollars annually is spent for various remedie- loj relieving pit* Yet any druggist will tell >oti that soothing, tooling, astringent Peter son's Ointment will allay pile tor ture In a few minutes. 3.1 c a box Otr In tul* 1 with sppllraror I’werien'* Ointment bring* prompt, relief f ritm Itching. Money Pink if not delighted \ s \ ' (si§§3|> Kinii WiHiiim IV O BLB.\HCD M OT€ II W IIISKI - BO PROOF • OMMSfT IM»O»’M', iTO. • >■!* y 0 * > • CHICAGO • <■ * N MA nC ISCO IN MICHIGAN * $ 3 Bl 4 5 QUART • Code No. 444 fLI'OKOSCOPIC X-RAY EXAMINATION Stomach, l ungs, Heart 00 •—which include* k Physical Eiimina* lion and Blood Pressure Tas! for only Jy N. A sets •«•< C*r»e(# a M»»«I| DlitK-oeS s'4 Trs*»#4 fIHH Oiwjr ’ /'N SHORT WAVE DIATHERMY TREATMENTS J( ) i office hours ;: : : ,:\7 :;.;: JrlfclU BOULEVARD MEDICAL CLINIC ffjljjjlpQ' Bf. E. f newer W<*4»ir«i *r>4 f>ra*4 Blr4 / ) { ••** Last OrasiO 81*4.—-Oroonrf Tmnr Infra*'* /. THntr* 1-lftM Mm J Re»rr, MO. 9 * T . ;- 3 HI- AD WITH 101 Svrrirv \otes: hx-Partner Of Frank Murphy a Major | 1* r Mai * I'pton Shffve now The formi law partner of Su i!i’lttf t'ouri Justice Frank Mur- I phy, who is a li< jtenant colonel recently received his gold leaf him just < n ‘ %% fw s(r p jn r * n k below Justice wP* ■ members th'' ■L A . M firm Iso at-' M -on their ■r m ' iicutenant com *■ ~ mander m the \i 44. muu.v l Naval Alt C( rps and Ldward G Kemp is government solicitor of the budget and George Burgon a lieutenant in the navv Major Shreve served • . ( . • wot Id war was Wounded in the second baffle of Verdun and was awarded the Croix de Guerre and an Order of the Purple Heart certificate. WOl Not n IN G! INF \ pfr. Mitchell IV t.nudrow, I.MOu Ellsworth fi"> mjc. was wounded ,n New Guit i. .ii’cording ’o word received In his mother. Mr- I ...... ,i .1A . Ik serving in the 32nd Div ismn. I t. (»e«*rg<* I. Ruehle lr.. 2671 Glynn Court, a former I'mvei -ity ol Michigan athlete, hrm been 'n.nriod assistant j*»st director of nhvsical training at Scott Field. He was a member of the local rence championship baseball team. He has been spending his vacation at home. He lost his cat for an afternoon but recovered it in time to enjoy the remainder of his time off. He now has returned to Fort Brady. Pvt. Raymond, 556.5 Joseph Campau avenue, was fighting Japs in Guadalcanal. It became known when his brother, Robert, discovered a likeness in a Times' picture of marines unloading wounded from a ship in a South Pacific base. GRADIATORS IN KANSAS George F. Heath, 5066 Hurlbut avenue, is a member of the second class of aviation cadets graduated from the Cooleyville, Kan. Army air field. He formerly enlisted in the infantry, also served in the medical corps, and now comes to the Alius, Okla., twin-engine school. PROMOTED TO CAPTAIN Frank M. Jones, formerly a member of the Detroit police force and the Michigan state police now is a captain in the Sunny air force. SERIES AT SELLER served as captain in the army until April. He now is transportation officer at the army air base in Syracuse, N.Y. Promotions —To lieutenants: Second Ft. Robert M. Cushing, 1415 Glynn court, at Camp Lee, Va., Second Ft. Melvin S. Karol, Belleville, Rome, N. Y., air depot; Second Ft. Robert B Rankin, Utica, Camp Welters, Tex. To second lieutenant: David T. Barr, 11323 Yosemite avenue. Mather Field, Cat. To staff sergeants: Sgt. Ross O. Bartlett, 123511 Griggs avenue, Carlsbad. N. M. army air field; Capt. Homer C. Milllron, 11115 Longacre avenue in Australia; Sgt. Burnet, F. Hudson, and Eugene Rodman. PROMOTED YK sergeants: pvt. taigar H. Si ks miind Hili Li, '■ 9 Millor avenue, j aSM&S «-• acl E. Plesha. 2126 ('anton avenue. Carlsbad, N. M., hit field; Tech. Stanley E., lempist, 9567 McDougall avenue. Fort MacArthur, Cal.; Capt. Walter E. Draus, 1411 Parkinson avenue, Find, Okla., army flying school. To corporals: Ffe. Chester J. Wood, 4K41 McGregor street. Camp Beale, Cal.; Tech. Edward F. Dysarz, 3661 First Warren avenue. Camp Grant, Ill.; Pfc. Cecil F. Mallett, 3116 Clinton street; Pv. Green I e e He mln g. De- yP" v V troit, Plai n e f Field. Wash.; _ \ Pvt. Spurgeon WS*? I P. Cooley, Detroit. Dale Mar- P\ Tho m a s Klenczer. 9105 s<iT. Hi i>*on Keller street, Camp Campbell, Ky. r - 3'o tcchmcmn. fourth gradr: Leonard C. Case, 3927 Joseph Campau avenue, Pendleton Field, Ore. To third officers, WAAC: Grace Avuer, 1413 W'ehb avenue, and Carol E. Musgrave, 52 Monterey avenue, Highland Park, Fort Des Moines, la. Bernard K. O'Donnell, 432 Melbourne. In the recruit training class at the Great Lakes Naval training station. He enlisted December 14 and was a Northern High School graduate, O'Donnell, 6066 Nineck avenue; William B. Curley, 3472 Lake avenue; Homer F. Rockfield, 169 West Dakota avenue. Kearns, Utah. AAF training center; Pvts. Arthur E. Noreek, 18655 Albany avenue; Gerald W. Torrance, 19767 Hoyden avenue; Anthony W. Cherry, 4424 Garvin street, Detroit; Charles R. Tinder Jr., 2646 Colorado avenue, Highland Park. Santa Ana army air base, Aviation Cadet, Gordon R. Cram, 20467 Cross road. Camp Polk, La., Pvt. Stanley B. Parvin, 1241 Springwells avenue. Fort Riley, Kan., cavalry center. Howard L. Wentworth, Clare; Lindell O. Aldridge, 1473 Sixteenth street; Boll M, Frank. 1949 First Congress street; Robert F. Frankford, 16267 Tuller avenue. ADVERTISEMENT BLAME YOUR LAZY LIVER BILE IF CONSTITUTION with its headaches, mental dullness and that "half-alive" feeling may often result when your liver doesn't secrete 20 to 30 ounces of bile. Try Dr. Fidward's Olive Tablets, used successfully for years by Dr. F. M. Edwards for treating his patients for constipation and sluggish liver bile. Olive Tablets are unsurpassed in effectiveness because they stir up liver bile secretion to help digest fatty foods, they tone up muscular intestinal action, at the same time help elimination. Being purely regular, Olive Tablets are recommended for those suffering from liver and bowel issues. Sunder The text is here to be fulfilled without fail? Follow is held in the uou. lit, 50, 60. All drugstores. DETROIT LIVING TIMES (PHOSPHATE CHICKEN) 'Lucia, 1134 South Waring avenue. William Hill, 9674 Delmar avenue; Richard P. Janu -r>, Hotel Fairbairn; Kenneth R. FeGeret, 13741 Moenart avenue; Waldo J. Moulton, 424 Chalmers avenue; Charles F. Snyder, Strath moor avenue. Pt H.ins.-i b*. Fulton Jr., Flint; Post W. Gordon, Jackson; Clayton J. Inlet, Lansing; John W. Entity, Ossco; Charles L. Snyder, and Donald W. Wheeler, Pontiac; Douglas J. Stevenson, Roscommon; George E. Milader, 27940 Florence avenue, St. Clair Shores; Theodore Bloom, Winona; Walter E. Brown, 603 Lincoln avenue, Wyandotte. LOW-CROWLEY'S SLIP COVERS Make Your Furniture Last Y-E-A-R-S Longer Beautiful New Knit Fabrics With a Sunfast, Durable Look Like New L'Opéra Cloth You May Choose Correlated Colon ORDER NOW While Materials Are still Available Our experienced representative Mail call at your home with Sample, and take the size No Estra charge for this service. Kidney and Ointment, 50c Extra STATE CO., 6432 CASS—Sat., Sun, 1 Eves. MA. 6300 U. S. Must Strike Japs Now, Justice Murphy Special to The Detroit Times LOS ANGELES, Feb. 23.—With every day working on Japan’s side, America must strike soon at the heart of the Japanese empire—Tokyo—in the opinion of United States Supreme Court Justice Frank Murphy. The jurist stopped here en route back to Washington from a visit in San Francisco with his brother, Lt. Com. George Murphy, who was injured seriously in an accident. Justice Murphy expressed great concern over the apparent failure of the American people to realize the seriousness of the situation in the South Pacific. Japan, he believes, is in a position to increase her strength every day in material resources and "social gains." The latter would come if Japan is given sufficient time to indoctrinate the people of the conquered areas with her pan-A Few Drops Used In Time Help Prevent Many Colds From Developing! Specialized Medication-Perfected by Makers of Vicks VapoRub - Can Be Used Anywhere-Anytime-Works Fine! With more and more doctors being called to war—and the doctors remaining at home busier than ever—it’s up to you to take extra-good care of yourself. Do all you can to avoid sickness that might lay you up. And above all—watch out for colds—contagious colds that cause the loss of millions of working hours every month. One of the best—and easiest—precautions you can take is to act quickly at the first sniffle, sneeze or sign of "Many people have the habit of asking “Information" for numbers instead of looking them up in the directory. It's always a wasteful habit, particularly to be avoided now because it ties up lines and equipment crowded with war calls. And six out of ten calls for “Information” are for numbers that are listed in the directory! Remember—every second you can save on the telephone is vitally needed in the war effort, is the directory. Don't call “Information” needlessly please! WAR IS ON THE WIRES Michigan Bell Telephone Company Asiatic doctrines, he pointed out. The Japanese, he said. have taken an empire and are just sitting there. Consequently, in his opinion, “we have got to carry the war to them." "Knowing what I do about our modern forces, I know we can do it," he said. "The Japanese are frugal, will-stuffiness—by rutting a few drops of Vicks VapoRub up each nostril. WORKS WHERE TROUBLE STARTS Specialized medication -Va-tro-nol works where 3 out of 4 colds start. Its quick action aids natural defenses against colds—and so helps prevent many colds from developing if used in time. Always keep Va-tro-nol handy at home and at work —ready to use at the first sniffle or sneeze. You’ll like the way it works! When a Head Cold stuffs up your Head, a few drops of Vicks VapoRub quickly relieves the smelly, sneezy, stuffy distress—makes breathing easier. Try Vicks VapoRub Tuesday, February 23, 1943 In to warfare everything for their emperor, zealous and fascinating. But we produce the best planes in the world and our flyers are superior to any of them. Order War Stamps delivered to your home by your Detroit Times carrier.
| 21,197 |
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czajka%20%28szybowiec%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Czajka (szybowiec)
|
https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Czajka (szybowiec)&action=history
|
Polish
|
Spoken
| 789 | 2,093 |
Czajka – polski szybowiec szkolny i przejściowy zbudowany w okresie międzywojennym.
Historia
Na początku 1930 roku inż. Antoni Kocjan opracował swą pierwszą konstrukcję, był to szybowiec szkolno-przejściowy Czajka. Prace przy budowie pierwszych trzech egzemplarzy ruszyły we wrześniu 1930 roku, prowadzono je w Warsztatach Sekcji Lotniczej Koła Mechaników Studentów Politechniki Warszawskiej (KMSPW), mieszczących się na Okęciu.
Pierwszy egzemplarz szybowca został oblatany przez Szczepana Grzeszczyka w kwietniu 1931 roku. W maju oblatano dwa kolejne egzemplarze Czajki I, w tym jeden z osłoną miejsca pilota. Szybowce zostały wykorzystane w maju i październiku w wyprawach Aeroklubu Lwowskiego do Bezmiechowej. Podczas październikowej wyprawy na Czajkach ustanowiono trzy krajowe rekordy w długotrwałości lotu. 7 października kpt. Franciszek Jach utrzymał się w powietrzu przez 3 h 12 min, 10 października 1931 roku Mieczysław Jonikas wykonał lot trwający 5 h 8 min, a 14 października Zygmunt Laskowski latał przez 5 h 56 min.
Czajka została zbudowana z przeznaczeniem na szybowiec szkolny, ale z uwagi na jej dobre właściwości lotne (małe opadanie i dobrą doskonałość) uznano, że może służyć za szybowiec przejściowy, umożliwiający loty żaglowe. Konstruktor wprowadził w szybowcu zmiany mające na celu poprawę osiągów i komfortu lotu. Miejsce pilota zostało osłonięte kabinką z drewna i płótna, skrzydła otrzymały zaokrąglone końcówki, tył kadłuba zmieniono z kratownicowego na dwubelkowy. Tak przekonstruowany szybowiec otrzymał oznaczenie Czajka II.
Na początku 1932 roku Antoni Kocjan opracował nową wersję oznaczoną jako Czajka III, przeznaczoną do szurów (nauki kontrolowania zachowania szybowca podczas jego wleczenia po ziemi) i skoków (krótkich, kilkumetrowych lotów) oraz do szkolenia pilotów do kategorii A i B. Szybowiec miał zmniejszoną rozpiętość skrzydeł i dodane ich prostokątne zakończenia oraz skrócony kadłub. Pomimo poprawy osiągów nie został skierowany do produkcji seryjnej, jedyny istniejący egzemplarz wykorzystywano w szkołach szybowcowych w Bezmiechowej i Czerwonym Kamieniu.
W czerwcu 1933 roku dwie Czajki zostały przebudowane przez Miejski Ośrodek Szybowcowy w Warszawie. Zmiany miały upodobnić je własnościami pilotażowymi do samolotu – dodano osłonę kabiny i dwukołowe podwozie. Wykorzystano je podczas kursu doświadczalnego na lotnisku mokotowskim, podczas którego przeszkalano pilotów szybowcowych na samolotowych. Polscy harcerze-szybownicy zaprezentowali Czajkę w lipcu i sierpniu 1933 roku na IV Światowym Jamboree w Gödöllő. W kwietniu 1935 roku szybowiec Czajka został użyty do pierwszych w Polsce prób startu z użyciem wyciągarki.
Doświadczenia z eksploatacji dotychczas zbudowanych Czajek wykazały za niską sztywność konstrukcji uniemożliwiającą lot nurkowy i ciasne krążenie. Antoni Kocjan opracował nową wersję szybowca, która różniła się od poprzednich wzmocnioną konstrukcją płata, przekonstruowaną kabinką pilota oraz zmienionymi belkami tylnej części kadłuba. Wzmocnione zostały okucia skrzydła, amortyzacja płozy podkadłubowej oraz belki kadłuba zostały usztywnione dodatkowym metalowym słupkiem. W zależności od przewidzianego zastosowania istniała możliwość wymiany zastrzałów na grubsze. Nowa wersja, nazwana Czajka-bis, została oblatana wiosną 1936 roku w Starej Miłosnej, w czerwcu przeszła badania w Instytucie Technicznym Lotnictwa. Produkcję seryjną rozpoczęły Warsztaty Szybowcowe w Warszawie.
W Warsztatach Szybowcowych w latach 1931–1932 zbudowano ok. 20 egzemplarzy Czajek. W 1936 roku rozpoczęto produkcję seryjną Czajki-bis, zbudowano ok. 80 egzemplarzy. Kilka egzemplarzy wyprodukowały Śląskie Warsztaty Szybowcowe, licencję na budowę szybowca zakupiły: Bułgaria, Estonia, Palestyna i Jugosławia. Kilka egzemplarzy zostało zbudowane w kołach szybowcowych na terenie Polski. Ogółem zbudowano ok. 160 sztuk tego szybowca.
Czajka odegrała ważną rolę w szkoleniu polskich pilotów. Z racji niewysokiej ceny (ok. 3 tys. złotych) i prawidłowych właściwości pilotażowych była użytkowana w wielu szkołach szybowcowych w Polsce. Wybaczała pilotom więcej błędów niż szkolna Wrona, nadawała się też do nauki żaglowania nad zboczem. Większość egzemplarzy Czajek została zniszczona podczas kampanii wrześniowej. Nieliczne zostały przejęte przez III Rzeszę, ale żaden z nich nie przetrwał II wojny światowej.
Konstrukcja
Jednomiejscowy szybowiec szkolno-przejściowy w układzie zastrzałowego górnopłatu.
Kadłub we wczesnych wersjach szybowca był trzyczęściowy i składał się ze skrzynki, kraty środkowej i belek ogonowych. W Czajce-bis został podzielony na dwie części: półskorupową kabinkę krytą sklejką brzozową oraz z dwóch belek ogonowych. Belki ogonowe były usztywnione w płaszczyźnie pionowej naciągami stalowymi biegnącymi pomiędzy nimi. W płaszczyźnie poziomej naciągi poprowadzono od belek ogonowych do skrzydeł. Aby ułatwić transport i magazynowanie istniała możliwość odłączenia belek ogonowych od reszty kadłuba. Na kadłubie był również zamocowany hak do startu z lin gumowych i zaczep do startu na holu.
Podwozie jednotorowe, złożone z amortyzowanej dwoma krążkami gumowymi jesionowej płozy podkadłubowej i metalowej płozy ogonowej. Dodatkowo główna płoza była zamocowana przegubowo i usztywniona naciągami linkowymi zabezpieczającymi ją przed uszkodzeniem w przypadku lądowania z trawersem.
Płat o obrysie prostokątnym z zaokrąglonymi końcówkami, jednodźwigarowy z dodatkowym dźwigarkiem pomocniczym. Do dźwigara kryty sklejką, dalej płótnem. Usztywniony podwójnymi zastrzałami z rur stalowych. Usterzenie klasyczne, krzyżowe. Statecznik poziomy jednoczęściowy, podparty zastrzałami. Stateczniki kryte sklejką, lotki i stery płótnem. Napęd lotek i sterów linkowy.
Malowanie
W Czajkach I, II i III elementy drewniane były malowane lakierem bezbarwnym, a powierzchnie płócienne były w kolorze cellonu. W Czajkach-bis elementy drewniane były malowane na kolor kremowy, płócienne były cellonowane.
Uwagi
Przypisy
Bibliografia
Polskie szybowce
| 10,796 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10817060
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Wikidata
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Semantic data
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CC0
| null |
Category:聲優獎主演女優獎得主
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None
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Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 11 | 122 |
Category:聲優獎主演女優獎得主
维基媒体项目分类
Category:聲優獎主演女優獎得主 隶属于 維基媒體分類
Category:聲優獎主演女優獎得主 分類結合話題 获奖者
Category:聲優獎主演女優獎得主 分類結合話題 聲優獎主演女優獎
| 38,791 |
sn86063579_1911-01-27_1_3_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
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Public Domain
| null |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 3,400 | 5,085 |
AOOUT TOWN. tfmvncd coid - American ftloek from (Jidlup, junt in. Ham Watkins. Cilmore Urown in David (Jurrick at the Crystal next Tuesday. . Doming Hospital iVncfit -"A , Noble-OutcuBt" -Feb. 10. Nineteen were received into the Molhodist chuivh, Sunday, by letter. All fiick nnd accident premiums are now duo. Paid yours yet? Lum Uardwick lout hia fine regis tered Jersey cow yesterday morning. A recruiting station for the U. S. army will 1m opened in lX'mintr in the nonr future. Tim bnnd ltoys will gjve another Sunday afternoon concert on the Mahoney plaza. I5o sure you. get your Bhare of the bargains at the Dig I're-Inven-tory sale at the White House. That bran new daughter nt Dob Cameron m, lorn the 19th, in what Riven that tiroad mullo to the head of the ice and electric shop. Miss Connolly will Im? missed in the county office where Bhe has bo long and faithfully served, but fron which Hxtion sho hns just, resigned. The big Bale at the White House, at wholesale ensh prices, will con tinue the rest of thin wek and all of next week. Raljth C. Ely delivered a lecture on pumping for Irrigation before the F.I Faso chamler of commerce, last evening. Judge P.rowning performed a wedding ceremony, Saturday morn ing, Frank Harper of I5cd Hock and Mina Hill of I-onluburg, lioing the contracting parties. Ye,I know nil nliout the incompar able bargainH purchased at the White House Hig Sale and there are still more of them there for you, as long as they last. The Cimh Store in the' Hyron building on Silver avenue is opening up in fine style. Manager Parker want rvcrybudy to call. No goods delivered but everything sold cheap. Frank Talmadge, head of New Mexico Odd Fellows, will visit Dew ing in alMtut three weeks, Sec'y Jack being officially informed of such honor. Sutherland & Davis of Colorado, painters, paper hangers and sign writers, inform the Crai'IIIC that they are going to locate here for , business. Gov. Mills has appointed Albert Field notary public in and for Luna county. Judge Pennington's com misiiion as notary will arrive in a few days. It wouldn't In? well to have the fellow who turned in the- false fire ' alarm Monday night show up in at least thirty days. J. C. Fowler's three stalwart sons, It. A., J. II. and D. E. will soon have three big pomps running at Fowler Hats. Their wells are ready now. IIn. John Seymour writes from Lake Geneva, Wis.: "Cannot stand this ice and snow. Am certainly coming back. Cannot stay away from there." Here's our welcom ing hand. Prof. Ijoiiimx writes the preface to his Cowboy Songs from lieming, which is going to bring us some do sit able advertising. Kditor Dodi click is mentioned as one who assist ed him. The Krauter home on Iron street was the scene of festivities on Tues day night of this week. AIout 20 of our young Hople enjoped a good j old-fashioned tally-pull, with ull the accompanying fun and frolic. W. H. Ilensonand W. U. Wood of Hurley, S. Dak., and J. W. Wood of Albuquerque, have been among our live prospectors. Mr. Benson purchasing a quarter section of H. J. Sanders for $1.000. Wei come, thrice welcome. Wilson & Nye have just complet ed for J. M. Graham a splendid well, getting all the water wanted nt Gi) feet. Thirteen feet of wnter-lear-ing snnd nnd gravel is the record of this fine well. Their next will heat John Smyor's or Crotchet's. Let the good work go on. "The Mack Aristócrata" enter tained big houses nt the Crystal Monday and Tuesday evenings and kept the crowd laughing nine out of every ten minutes. They were urged to remain longer but other engagement prevented. Sam knows how to get the good ones. For yeaiB the Into Judge Field re ceived through the kindness of J. i A. Mahoney, a valuable record book and dairy, furnished the trade by a Cincinnati coffin company. It was a standing ke the first- of every year when the judge called for his "coffin." The same book came this year and was presented by Mr, Kelly to Altx-rt Field in order not to break the custom. W. E. Fowler, one of the liestcili zens of Brooksvllle, Knns., has pur chased 40 acres of one of the Ait ken farms, east of town, through the Miller Agency and will com mence development as soon as his afiuirs at home will termit his per manent removal here. Mr. and Mrs.' Fowler were juat tassing through the country on a pleasure trip and stopcd oiT with the crowd to see if what is said of the Doming country is. true. They found It more than true nnd acted accord ingly. Don't miss David Garrick Tues day night. A high class . troup, highly recommended. Says I to myself, Sayal; The White House Is The place to buy. Saya J, Prof. Doderer is setting out a lot of trees in his lawn. Good Idea. After a three months visit with relatives nnd friends in Doming, Mrs. S. Ilurnside has returned to Denver, Colorado. 'David Garrick, Tuesday night. me ix'Ht pnty or tne season, prices 75c, $1 and one row Í1.G0. Seats on sale at Kinnear'a.' The Hopkinsville, Ky., Dnily New hra contains a fine write-up of the 88th birthday anniversary of Ezra L. Foulks, father of Rev. W. E. rouiKS, wno win be rcmftniwcd as a Doming visitor two years ago, and who is now hale and hearty, work ing every day In his office. He is i skilled horseman and often takes ex erclse galloping over the country roads. II. L. Thomns, a prominent mer I t. aw tn r cnani oi ijouisvuie, Ky,, was a guest at the McToer ranch home over Sunday nnd was ho favorably impressed with the region and with the grent future of this valley, that he purchased a fine quarter section Push and Watkins have sold their right, title and interest in and to the Crystal theatre, moving pictures and all to C. E, Belknap, an ex per lenced theatrical man of El Paso, who will move his family here and ana take possession as soon ns pos sible. The present management has proven exceedingly satisfactory to the public, but it is a cinch that Manager Itolknnp will keep things up to the top notch. Albuquerque Boosters "De lighted." The Alhuquerque Ixsmter bunch struck us yesterday morning, led by that prince of hustlers, President Schwentker of the Commercial Club, aided, assisted and allotted by other prominent citizens including Editor E. D.Johnson of the Journal, G. L. Brooks, M. " W. Flournoy, M. It. Summers. James Huhholl, A. D. Grahnm. Dr. V. S. Cheney of Wil lard, A. Floisher. M. Nash, T. J. Nnylor, club aet rotary, C. P.irdsHll. P. Cameron. E. W. Fee, J. It. Fnr well, engineer, J. M. Winters n banker of Quincy, III. The bunch were token In cars and carriages and driven to the big irri gation wells and are now in the army of Doming Ixsmtcrs pner. A banquet was tendered our honor ed guests at the Harvey last even ing, Dr. Swojx? presiding in his us ual graceful manner. Woman's Club Notes. The Woman's Club met nt the home of Mrs. Moir, Wednesday nf tornoon. Leader, Mrs. Bennett. Each memlsT answered to roll call by giving a description of one of the world's famous paintings. Art ists, Mrs. Lnughren; Subjects, Mrs. Ib.lt; Artists of Today, Mrs. Pol lard; Talk on Art, Mrs. Itogers. The Club will hold their next meet ing with Mrs. Pollard. Leader, Mrs. Holt. The Hepps Were Happy. The doll contest conducted all last week at the Crystal was won by baby Suesanna Hepp, aged nine months, only daughter of Mr. nnd Mrs. Edgar Hepp. The popular book-koox'r at the Doming Ice & Estríe Co. uttered a large and n prcciative smile as he walked to the stage Saturday evening to get the handsome 'doll, which is really larger than its little mistress. The vote on the louden ns announced by the judges is ns follows: Sucsannn Hepp, 3,510; Juliet Rosoli. 2,340; AlmaBixler, 770; Mary Worrell, 450.. Statehood Notes. And the next day but une it rained. Andrews Bays congress likes our constitution mighty well. The Trib-Cit ought to be citil for contempt. The Herald Itoosted and the Times knocked. The Journal is entitled to great credit. There is but one Journal. "Uncle Jimmy" says: "I rcsioct fully bow to the will of the major ity." Wasn't it a glorious victory? 18, 000 majority will look good to Pres ident Taf t. Nut a mnn in Luna county was under the Influence of liquor on election day. Demócrata and Republicans stood side by side and fought a new star on "Old Glory." Bob Miller's eagle hoi tied some. He had it orchcd at the only stnte hood rally in Dvming. Columbus is growing in more ways thnn one. Note her vote on statehood. Where is the "Progressive" that was launched against statehood at Las Cruces. Must have been ship wrecked. Wonder what his defamen think of your uncle William B. Walton now. Silver City went .152 yes, 52 no. Looks as though tho editor- statesman is "vindicated." "The Inrge majority for state hood will lie a mighty good thing for people back east who have so lit tle knowledge of superior citizen ship of New Mexico," remarked Chns. Belmont, the popular Trieka nioiiean liarbor, former Roosevelt lough rider and later surveyor on the Roosevelt dam in Arizona. Mr. Belmont scnks fluently seven differ ent languages. PERSONAL H. G. Bush was in Columbus this Week. W. G. Robinson is in FJ Paso this week. Roy M. Perry is rusticating at the Ingram ranch south of town. Dr. Moir was called to Cook'tt Wednesday evening to attend the sudden illness of Chaa. Poe. E. E. Wells, K'ciul agent of the New York Underwriters, wna in the city Wednesday. Vice President Randolph of the S. P. system, was at the Union Sta tion with bis private car, Friday. Archie D. Paxton returned from California in time to vote for the constitution. Former Representative Rolrt Martin of Engle, wna ih the city Monday, shaking hnnds with friends Frank Marsoow of Detroit, Mich., was in ths city Monday, and will make us another visit soon. Theo. W. Carter of Silver Cltv. was a guest at the Ely home last week. Chas. II.- Soorledcrer. a nromi nent Mason of East Las Vegas, was the guest of Judge Pennington and 11. U. Green, rridny. T. J. Brown nnd wife of Hurhitji. are guests of C. L. Baker nnd fam ily. Mrs. Brown is Mr. Baker'a sister. Geo. W. Deckard of Ohio, is tnak- ing exhaustive investigations here. lie says it U-ats anything in the Southwest. J. T. Mnhonev oostmaser and S. P. agent nt Sonar, has boon shukinir hnnds with his mnny Doming friends this week. Our old friend. Frank Weaver ha returned to Doming after suendinu- the winter with his fnmily in Color ado. J. F. Snann of the news-cathorlnir staff of the Tucson Citizen and the Glols Silver Belt was a guest of W. G. Robinson over Sunday. Hon. C. A. Grant and wifo. of Rolfe. Iowa, nnd Mrs. M. J. Fercru- son, of Corpus Cristi, re guests of Atty. r red Sherman and family. J. M. Young nnd his most estima ble fnmily have moved into the Sleeker resilience on Zinc street nnd are heartily welcomed to the city. Dr. nnd Mrs. Moir and Mr. and Mrs. John Corltott enioved dinner. Sundny evening with Mm. Tool and daughter nt the TWI ranch. Col. Otwny C. Borrvmon left Fri- day nfternoon to attend the illness or a sister in Washington, D. C. He will not remain long from the sunshine state. District Mannirer Afilíele, of the Texas Co.. was looking after the oil situation hero the latter part of the week nnd was very much pleased with conditions. II. P. Story, sunt, of traffic of the Tri-Statc Telephone & Telephone Co.. with our own efficient Manmror JofTon, wore welcome Graphic cnlb en Wednesday. Mra. J. II. Rogers, of Portage, Wisconsin, is the guest of her daughter, Mrs. A. W. folian!, who is also anticipating the pleasure of a visit from her father in the near future. Assistant Postmaster and Mrs. Green Delightfully Surprised. "Honor to whom honor is due," is evidently the motto of the East ern Star, ns on Monday night a goodly numlier of tho Order gnve former secretary II. I). Green nnd wife a very delightful surprise1, in appreciation of his long and faithful services and in esteem of Mrs. Greon'a long membership In the Chnptcr. A bountiful supply of the Itest in the land was brought to fill the ban quet board, and as n token of es teem worthy matron, Mn. L. A. Morris presented Mr. and Mrs. Green a handsome rug, the receipt of which was very pleasantly oc knowlcdgcd. Music was one of the pleasant features. Those who participated in the pleasant affair vtu'c Mesdnmes Mor ris, Goddon, Rosch, Upton, Steed, Field. Duff, Pennington, Margaret Raithel nnd Miss Clara Birchfiold, Oil. McGrorty, Col. Carter, George P. Watkins and Thomas Hudson. Call for Bids. Public notice is hereby given, that sealed bids for the purchase of the negotiable coupon bonds of the Vil lage of Doming, New Mexico, to the nggregnte of $38,000.00 to pro vide funds for the construction of a sanitary sewer system in and for said village, will be received by the undersigned on or before the 30th day of January, A. D. 1911, at 8 o'cliK-k p. m. of said day. Said Itonds to U'nr date, February 1st, A. D. 1911, and to ln-come due and payable thirty years after date thereof, but mleemable at the oj tion of the Board of Trustees of said Village nt any time after twenty years after the dste thereof, and to ltoar interest at the rnte of five per centum, icr annum, payable semi annually, on the first days of Feb ruary and August of each year. All bids to include the printing and lithographing of said Utnds, and to Iw nccompnnied by a certified check for S2.000.00. The Board of Trus toea of the Village of Doming re serves tho right to reject nny and all bids. A. A. Temkk, Village Clerk of the Village of Dom ing, New Mexico. 2v50 H. NORDHAUS & SONS The now initial waist is now on sale. They come in plain tailored eU'ccts-em- broirdered fronts, etc. 9 styles in all. $1.25 each We are just in receipt of our new Fall Linens Table Damask Napkins Towels - all grades Fancy Linen Doilies Splashers Center )ieces Battenbcrg Tieces, Etc. All at reasonable prices - buy your THANKSGIVING LINENS now and get the choice patterns. Seethe Window Display Hope Bleached Muslin, New stock, just in, special, 10c. Look at our Handkerchief Display this week Lidies' Linen Initial Handkerchiefs Special this week- lflc. each H. NORDHAUS & SONS. TheBesf MEATS And Prompt Service The choicest cuts the U'st jxtultry and wilt and cured moats are the kind we supply our trade and we know you'll Iw a stendy customer once you try us. Phone your order today to . 49 Henry Meyer. School Notes Miss Fay McKeyos visited the H. S. Wednesday. Louise Hodgdon ha. Urn absent several days on account of a severe attack of tonsilitis. Friday, Mrs. Hans Quintan and Clifford visited the H. S. They heard one of the lest programs the Philo Society has ever given. Giving away pictures seems to Iw fell the fad now-a-days. A Senior boy and a Junior girl Btnrtcd it. Can you guess who they were? Get ready for the school concert to be given at an early date. Some thing good is on top for the music loving people of Doming. About one hundred children will partici pate. The contest between the Excel sior and the Pons Asinorum, was won by the latter with 4I9S R points to the Excelsiors' 44l).rl. In such a victory there is glory, in such a defeat no disgrace. Though defented in the contest, the Excelsiors elected from their side Glen Phillips ns member of the executive committee. The Excel siors hnve now nearly every officer on their side. Hairy Newton writes ' from Its Angeles: "Like it here except for the fog nnd fleas. Hrown is right when it comes to the latter." A TW T TV T a A IN IN U We are now occupying our new store in the Dcckert Building and are in a better position than ever to serve our customers. Beyond question we now have the handsomest and most up-to-date store in southern New Mexico, and will endeavor to keep an assort ment of merchandise second to none in the Southwest. We are now offering some Unusual Bargains and it will pay you to visit us before making your purchases. The Lindauer Mercantile Co. Irrigation Well Digging Smith & Childs are readv to dig irrigation wells, any size from 1 to 3 feet. For reference, see any of the big wells that Mr Childs has dug in the valley. Smith & Clliuw, Doming, New Mexico s am Watkins (or American Block Coal The Coal that pleases par ticular people. It's Clean It's Screened It's Big Lump It's Guaranteed Our delivery is prompt Next time you buy coal try me. Phone 70-4 rings J. G. Stroup Contractor & Builder ente 5 niilet Southeast Satisfaction Guaranteed Dcming. N. M. Rosch Leupold Contractors Builders Flans nnd Specifications on Application. An Edison inthehome is a joy for ever and a New Ambcrola the best of ALL. Stop in at Tossel & Son's and see it hear it and be convinced. Our store is full of pretty and very useful goods for everyone. Jewelery, Watch es, Clocks, Silverware, Cut Glass, Hand painted China, Parker's Lucky Curve Foun tain Pens and Souvenirs of many kinds. Come, exam ine and you will decide that the place to buy is at Tossell & S on s Ocie Sam Rabb Tracy New Owners of the VICTOR CONFECTIONERY Invite you to call often. Ilev. W. K. Foulks is putting in good lime at winter irrigation, as ho thinks it tho Lost, cboupesl and easiest way to put land in the pro cr condition. lisp" i 'L V UN Are You Spruced up for 1911? This is the store to come to if you're of a mind to fix up a bit fur the approaching Holidays. Whether its a suit, overcoat, or halterdashory, we can fill your wants in a way that will give the greatest satisfaction, not only in itoints of price and value but in style nnd good wearing-qualities. Suits and Overcoats $15, $18, $20, $25 And particularly fine values at $30.00 You will Jind a complete stock of the season' best offer ings in Pluo Serges, lilncks and Fancy Mixtures. They are pure wool fabrics that can Iw dcwnded uH.n for satisfactory wear and pleasing in style. The tailoring is high grade in every detail. N. A. Bolich I J. HARRISON HARRISON-BLACKHAM CO. Dealers in all kinds of Irrigation Machinery. General repair shop for automobiles and all classes machinery, including miners. Come and see us next to Clark Grocery Co's. Store. 9S í B. B ñ hi ('i CI m lilt W. W. Atkins & Co. Silver Avenue, One-half Block from Union Depot. kt NKW YORK OFFICE NEW MEXICO OFFICE 10 Slate St., Rochester, N. Y. Deckert Uldg., Doming. N. M. . C. I. FACE, Manager C. L. CETTS, Manager New York & New Mexico Land an j Locating Company Town Loti in County Scat trisullc LuuU .Vu-' 1 A look at these lands will cnuvinco you th::t i'cr v. home and crops they can't be excelled. CorroHMndonee Solicited. ft hívíhlN ! ! II, HENRY BLACKHAM Around the Holidays when you're luy entertaining you will find our stock of canned gowU aiid preserves very help full in prcpsring your dinners Wo carry only the best brand of pure groceries and tattle luxuries, at prices very inter esting to tho economical. If you place a trial order with us we Know you will In-come a egular customer. Try us. Phone 149 ) ).
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OPINION OF THE COURT
Judy Harris Kluger, J.
The issue this court must address is whether pursuant to *887CPL 30.30 (4) (c), the People are entitled to an exclusion of the period of time during which a bench warrant is being processed, i.e., the period from the court’s issuance of the bench warrant until the warrant reaches the precinct of the defendant’s residence.
BACKGROUND
The defendant was arrested on March 26, 1991 and charged with assault in the third degree (Penal Law § 120.00 [1]), criminal possession of a weapon in the fourth degree (Penal Law § 265.01 [2]), both class A misdemeanors, and harassment (Penal Law § 240.25 [1]), a violation. The defendant has moved pursuant to CPL 170.30 (1) (e) to dismiss this criminal action on the ground that his right to a speedy trial pursuant to CPL 30.30 has been denied.1
In this case, only one period is at issue. On June 21, defendant failed to appear and a bench warrant was ordered. The defendant returned to court on July 5 and stated that he was in the hospital on the date the warrant was issued. The People do not allege that a diligent search for the defendant was conducted during the period of time he was absent from court but rather assert that this time should be excluded because the bench warrant was being processed during this entire period.
APPLICABLE LAW
CPL 30.30 (4) (c) excludes from speedy trial calculation: "the period of delay resulting from the absence or unavailability [of the defendant] or, where the defendant is absent or unavailable and has either escaped from custody or has previously been released on bail or on his own recognizance, the period extending from the day the court issues a bench warrant pursuant to section 530.70 because of the defendant’s failure to appear in court when required, to the day the defendant subsequently appears in court pursuant to a bench warrant or voluntarily or otherwise. A defendant must be considered *888absent whenever his location is unknown and he is attempting to avoid apprehension or prosecution, or his location cannot be determined by due diligence. A defendant must be considered unavailable whenever his location is known but his presence for trial cannot be obtained by due diligence”.
CPL 30.30 (4) (c) was amended in 1984.2 This amendment generated great controversy on the issue of whether the amendment removed the People’s obligation to exercise due diligence to secure a defendant’s return following the issuance of a bench warrant. There was no clear appellate authority on the issue and the lower courts were sharply divided. (Compare, People v Rodriguez, 132 Misc 2d 1044 [Crim Ct, NY County 1986], with People v Surita, 137 Misc 2d 794 [Crim Ct, Bronx County 1987].)
In People v Quiles (— AD2d — [1991]), the First Department definitively ruled on this issue, and held that the only circumstance where due diligence need not be established is where a defendant may be deemed absent because his location is unknown and he is attempting to avoid prosecution.
In Quiles (supra), the defendant failed to appear on July 26, 1988 and a bench warrant was issued. It was conceded by the People that as of August 17, 1988, a criminal history search would have revealed to the District Attorney’s office that the defendant was known by an alias and had been known at an address other than the one provided by him in connection with his arrest. The court in Quiles found that the minimal attempts by the police to secure the defendant’s presence for trial between August 17, 1988 and his return to court on November 11, 1988 did not constitute due diligence.
parties’ contentions
The defense contends that the People must be charged with the 14-day period from June 21 until July 5 because a diligent search for the defendant would have revealed that he was *889hospitalized at Metropolitan Hospital Center from June 21, the date the bench warrant was issued, until July 1. The defense maintains that this period cannot be excluded under CPL 30.30 (4) (c) since no search for the defendant was conducted at all.
It is the People’s position that a diligent search for a defendant who has absented himself from court cannot begin until certain initial steps involved in the processing of a bench warrant have been completed and that it is therefore unreasonable to begin to charge the People on the date the bench warrant is first issued.
In People v Quiles (supra), the court did not charge the People with the period of time from the issuance of the warrant on July 26 until August 17, the date the parties stipulated that a search would have revealed the address at which the defendant could be located. The People maintain that because the Quiles court did not charge the People with this time, Quiles implicitly stands for the proposition that the People are entitled to "start up” time or a grace period following the issuance of a bench warrant before due diligence need be demonstrated.
In further support of their position, the People have submitted an affidavit from Lt. Kenneth Gillespi of the Central Warrant Squad of the New York City Police Department. In the affidavit, Lt. Gillespi details the steps involved in the processing of a Criminal Court bench warrant as follows. Before a bench warrant physically reaches the Central Warrant Squad, court personnel must do the paperwork on the warrant and enter it into the CRIMS computer system. This step can take two to five days. On the day after processing in Criminal Court is completed, the warrant is hand delivered to the Central Warrant Squad at 49 Chambers Street. After receipt by the Central Warrant Squad, bench warrants are separated according to charge, issuing court, index number, then by borough and finally by precinct. This step takes approximately two days. The warrants are then entered into the Central Warrant Squad computer so that an indexing list can be printed out. Since only one indexing list is printed per week, depending on the date the warrant was issued, it can take between one day to one week for an index list containing the warrant to be printed. After the warrant data is entered into the computer, Central Warrant Squad staff members check back with the issuing court to determine if the defendant returned and also check with the Department of Corree*890tian to determine if the defendant was incarcerated within the city at the time the warrant was issued. This step takes two to three days. After an index list has been printed, all the warrants are separated by the list according to precinct and placed in a separate basket for each precinct or command. (There are over 75 commands within New York City.) A messenger is then assigned to hand deliver the bench warrants to the resident precinct of the defendant. The messenger takes 10 commands a day only and warrants are delivered on a strict schedule of rotation. Therefore, based on the resident command of the defendant on the bench warrant and what day the messenger is scheduled to hand deliver the bench warrants to that particular command, this step alone could take more than two weeks. Once a command receives a bench warrant, the warrant officers in that command take action on the warrant. Based upon the above information, Lt. DISCUSSION
The court rejects the People’s argument that Quiles (supra) should be read to conclude that the People are entitled to an excludable grace period following the issuance of a warrant. The defendant in Quiles used an alias and had a different address than the one he provided at the time of his arrest. The parties in Quiles stipulated that it was only on August 17, 1988 that a criminal search would have revealed the address where the defendant could be found. Such is not the case here.
However, the court finds the information contained in Lt. Gillespi’s affidavit provides compelling support for the People’s argument that a reasonable period following the issuance of a bench warrant should be excluded due to the administrative delays inherent in the processing of a bench warrant. In his affidavit, Lt. Gillespi states that the Central Warrant Squad has handled approximately 80,000 bench warrants to date this year and processes approximately 350 bench warrants daily from Supreme and Criminal Court. As detailed in his affidavit, each bench warrant issued by the court must undergo several different processing steps involving both paperwork and physical transference before the warrant reaches the resident precinct of the defendant. These steps although time consuming are absolutely necessary. When considering the tremen*891dous number of bench warrants issued by the court and the limited police resources, a two-to-three-week processing time for a bench warrant is not unreasonable.
While the People are required to demonstrate due diligence pursuant to CPL 30.30 (4) (c), this obligation cannot be viewed in a vacuum. A diligent search for a defendant who has absconded cannot be initiated until such time as a bench warrant reaches the precinct of a defendant’s residence. To charge the People with the time prior to this period while the warrant is being processed would be both unsound and unjust. This is especially true in cases where a defendant returns to court within a relatively short period following the issuance of the warrant. In such a case, a search for the defendant is a practical impossibility. Charging the People under such circumstances does not serve the intended purposes of CPL 30.30 and could encourage defendants to routinely miss court appearances.
The court finds that based upon the information provided in Lt. Gillespi’s affidavit, a bench warrant takes at least two weeks before it reaches a defendant’s resident precinct and a diligent search for the defendant can be initiated. In the instant case, the defendant returned to court 14 days after the bench warrant was issued, a period before which a search for the defendant could practically be commenced. This court finds in cases such as this where the defendant returns to court 14 days or less following the issuance of a bench warrant, the entire period must be excluded as the result of the administrative delay necessary in the processing of a bench warrant.
The remainder of the defendant’s speedy trial motion is decided as follows.
On March 26, 1991, the defendant was arraigned and the case was adjourned until April 16 to enable the People to obtain the supporting deposition necessary to convert the misdemeanor complaint into a jurisdictionally sufficient information. This 21-day period is charged to the People.
On April 16, the supporting deposition was filed and served, a motion schedule was set and the case was adjourned until May 28. This period is excluded. (CPL 30.30 [4] [a].)
On May 28, a Huntley/Mapp hearing was ordered and the case was adjourned until June 21. This period is excluded. (People v Green, 90 AD2d 705 [1st Dept 1982].)
On June 21, the defendant failed to appear and a bench *892warrant was ordered. For the reasons previously set forth, the period from the issuance of the warrant until the defendant’s return to court on July 5 is excluded.
On July 5, the case was adjourned until August 8 for the previously ordered suppression hearings. The initial adjournment for hearings or trial following a defendant’s return on a bench warrant is excluded. (People v Degro, 141 Misc 2d 810 [Crim Ct, NY County 1988].)
On August 8, the People withdrew statement notice. The People were not ready for the Mapp hearing and the case was adjourned until September 6. This 29-day period is charged to the People.
On September 6, the People represented that they would not seek to introduce any physical evidence at a trial of the defendant. The People were not ready for trial and the case was adjourned until September 24. This 18-day period is charged to the People.
On September 24, the People were not ready for trial and the case was adjourned until October 8. This 14-day period is charged to the People.
On October 8, the defendant filed the instant motion. All subsequent time is excluded as being a direct result of the defendant’s motion. (CPL 30.30 [4] [a].)
The court finds that 82 days of chargeable delay have elapsed. The defendant’s motion to dismiss is accordingly denied.
. The People are required to announce their readiness for trial within 90 days of the commencement of a criminal action in which, as here, the defendant is charged with one or more class A misdemeanors. (CPL 30.30 [1] [b].) Once the defendant has alleged a delay of more than the permissible time, the People have the burden of demonstrating sufficient excludable time. (People v Santos, 68 NY2d 859 [1986]; People v Berkowitz, 50 NY2d 333 [1980].)
. Prior to the 1984 amendment CPL 30.30 (4) (c) read as follows:
"In computing the time within which the people must be ready for trial pursuant to subdivisions one and two, the following periods must be excluded * * *
"the period of delay resulting from the absence or unavailability of the defendant. A defendant must be considered absent whenever his location is unknown and he is attempting to avoid apprehension or prosecution, or his location cannot be determined by due diligence. A defendant must be considered unavailable whenever his location is known but his presence for trial cannot be obtained by due diligence”.
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Ganz, Hugo, b. 1862 | Rosenthal, Herman, 1843-1917, ed. and tr
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Spoken
| 7,983 | 10,500 |
** Answer, Relations are not forbidden. I made the ac- quaintance of Dr. Doroshevsky and Miss Nemtzeva only because they took part in the 'pogrom,' to the extent of saving many Jews. Miss Vera Nemtzeva is, moreover, the daughter of a respected proprietor." Lokoloff wrote to the governor from prison to the effect that the accusations were groundless, and that he was not guilty. On the receipt of this letter Prince Urussoff visited him in his cell and admitted that, in his judgment, Lokoloff was, in fact, wrong- fully imprisoned. The imprisonment, however, had been in obedience to an order from the minister of the interior. The prince showed Lokoloff a copy of a letter which he had sent to Plehve. This let- 223 THE LAND OF RIDDLES ter stated that according to Prince Urussoff' s in- terpretation of the law the action of Lokoloff did not constitute a crime, and that therefore he could not order his banishment to the north, but that Lokoloff was "fanatically convinced" that the "pogrom" had been organized with the conni- vance of the authorities, and that he had uncon- sciously imparted this conviction to those with whom he came in contact. Therefore his residence in Kislunef must be considered dangerous. After some days Urussoff received a telegram from Plehve directing that Lokoloff be liberated and that he be expelled from Kishinef. Plehve's order was communicated by the governor to Lokoloff, who expressed his astonishment that he should be expelled from Kishinef, while Pronin, who in Urussoff's own opinion was one of the chief offenders, was allowed to remain. This order, he added, would not tend to a feeling of confidence in justice in Bessarabia. As a matter of fact, the expulsion of Lokoloff was generally looked upon as fresh evidence of the complicity of the government in the disturbances. No one in Kishinef now knows anything more about the affair. Pereverseff, who had directly attacked the government, was severely punished and banished ; Lokoloff was expelled. ** All quiet in Schepko Street." Of course the members of the legal profession in Russia do not regard the matter with indifference. 224 THE LEGAL PROFESSION At a meeting of the Association of Lawyers* As- sistants the sympathy of those present was extend- ed to Lokoloff ; and at the monthly banquet of the Literary AUiaace at St. Petersburg the members even went so far as to express its disapprobation of the action of the government in the affair. The minister of justice, Muraviev, however, the worthy colleague of Plehve^ explained to a deputa- tion of lawyers which congratulated him on his jubilee in January last, that he was favorably dis- posed towards the profession, but that advocates would do well to avoid ''pleading politically,'* since it was very prejudicaly indeed dangerous, to the pro- fession, which might easily suffer for its indepen- dence, A word to the wise, etc. Such are the joys of the legal profession in Rus- sia, and such is the fate of those who speak in de- fence of the right. The people of other cotmtries will appreciate the services to truth and justice which, in spite of all obstacles, the undaunted ad- vocate performs. Such are some of the stem realities of an ad- vocate's life in Russia, and such the possible, nay probable, fate of any one who ''pleads politically" in defence of the right. It will be apparent to the citizens of other countries at what a cost the con- scientious members of the legal profession discharge, in spite of endless obstacles, their duty to truth and justice. IS XXIII THE STUDENT BODY IN RUSSIA NOT very long after the dismissal of the former minister of education, Sanger, I sought put a certain university professor who had been mentioned to me as being acciirately informed about imiversity affairs. Of course, my visit to him had been carefully planned, for it is not possible in Russia for a person — least of all if he be an official — to express himself freely to strangers. The information which I received from this authority on the general political and economic position of Russia agreed with the discussions I had heard on every side. Misery, despair, inevitable collapse, these were the words which were most noticeable in his description, too, and it would be almost superfluous for one to reproduce the con- versation unless certain additional details had been brought out which are particularly character- istic of the intense ferment in which intellectual Russia is at just this time involved. Just previously several students had been ar- rested. I asked about the cause of the arrest and the probable fate of the young folks. A demon- 226 STUDENT BODY IN RUSSIA stration in favor of the Japanese had been held by the students, and had been reported. This was the cause of the arrest. "As yet nothing can be said about the fate of the incautious yotmg men," the professor answered. ** You say that the students held a demonstration for the Japanese? It is scarcely credible!" "And yet it is true. All enlightened people, and accordingly the students, too, regard the Japanese as an unexpected aUy in their fight against the existing conditions, and so sympathy for them is not concealed. And, besides, aversion to them as a nation does not exist." ** But it is the very brothers and fellow-country- men of the students who must pay for it with their own blood if the Japanese retain the upper hand!" "That is partially true. But, first of all, Poles, Jews, and Armenians have been sent to the seat of war, so that the Russian families do not as yet feel the war so keenly ; and then the Russian is used to the idea that there must be bloody sacrifices for the cause of freedom. At any rate, those who were arrested are much nearer the other students than the troops who have gone to the front." "But they challenged their fate!" "That is a part of the fight against the regime. They seek martyrdom, since they have become con- vinced that nothing can be attained by bare pro- tests and petitions. Perhaps a trace of Asiatic fatalism, and a lower valuation upon life than is 227 THE LAND OF RIDDLES given it in the West, plays a part in their acts, but, more powerful than all else probably, their con- viction that public opinion appreciates their sac- rifices and approves of their conduct.'* " Then ambition is also an influence?" " If you care to call it so. There is a little am- bition in every martjrrdom. But the strongest motive is that youthful self-sacrifice, and the belief that something can be attained for the cause by their offering themselves up — in short, fanaticism. In this way some of the most incredible things oc- cur; for example, a student in prison emptied an oil lamp over his body and set fire to it only in order to protest against absolutism." *'I have heard this horrible story." ** Those who are now under arrest," the professor continued, '* will probably most of them soon be let free, for I do not believe that the authorities have at present any desire to raise much of a storm. But as many of them as are Jews will in all probability be more severely punished, if only for statistical reasons." "I understand." "Oh yes. You know that the police have their special code for the Jews, so as to prove that the discontent is entirely due to them. Plehve asserts that he has forty thousand political indictments, eighty per cent, of the indicted being Jews. That is made up to suit themselves, and has nothing to do with turbulence. On the other hand, I dare say, 228 STUDENT BODY IN RUSSIA that quite often just for this statistical reason, and because the Jews are punished quite differently from the sons of distinguished families, the Jews are urged by their congeners not to expose them- selves; but they, too, are of course infected by the general fanaticism of self-sacrifice." ** But from what do the special student disturb- ances about which we hear so much proceed ? Are they not caused by troubles in the universities ?" '* Only in the very rarest cases. It is occurrences of general politics which find a particularly lively echo among the students; the reforms which are demanded for the university by us, the professors, are even repudiated by the students, because they do not wish to let the causes of their discontent be removed." ** What is the nature of the reforms in question ?" ** General Wannowski, former minister of educa- tion, was perhaps a man of limited capacity, who considered the imiversity a barracks, the professors colonels and other officers, the students privates, and explained that the only thing lacking was non- commissioned officers to keep their respective squads in order. Still he showed us the considera- tion of asking us eighteen questions which were to be answered by the faculties. At present thefe is no studying done at our univer- sities; politics have swallowed up everything, and the radical element has seized the leadership com- pletely. They hope in a few months, by means of demonstrations, and Heaven knows what fateful resQurces, to attain a constitution, and after that there will always be time enough for study. At present, study, too, would be treason against the 230 STUDENT BODY IN RUSSIA cause of freedom. The tiniversities are only polit- ical camps awaiting the call to arms and nothing more." ** But in this respect, at least, they must be glad of their independent tmiversity courts — that is, that at any rate they punisli their youthful misdeeds more leniently than the police." "No. In the first place, it is only disciplinary matters over which our court has jurisdiction ; and then, in the second place, you forget that the stu- dents do not at all want to be mildly treated, but to be sacrificed." **0f course. It is hard to reckon with motives that one scarcely imderstands. But one thing is still unintelligible to me. It cannot exactly be said that Russia is a radical country in the sense that the whole upper stratum is radical. How is it that the student body, which comes principally from this upper stratum, is so laden with revolution- ary tendencies?" *'I might answer you in a French phrase, al- though it is not particularly flattering to us, * Le Russe est liberal jusqu'ä trente ans, et aprfes — canaiUe.'* The Russian is absolutely no^ conserv- ative, not even the official. He can mock con- servatism while seeking office, but in his own house he remains a free-thinker, and youth, which has not yet learned to cringe and hedge, blushes at *The Russian is liberal until his thirtieth year — and then he joins the rabble. 231 THE LAND OF RIDDLES the two-facedness of its parentage, and contintially reveals the true attitude of the house. Then, with the exception of the high nobility, our whole land- owner class is more than liberal. Moreover, from two to three hundred conservative students are to be found at each of the great universities, and they have formed a secret association for the protection of the sacred regime — ^and it is characteristic that the Novoye Vretnya was allowed to print the call to form this secret society, although here in Russia all secret societies are illegal." **And are not these conservative students dan- gerous to their fellows?" "Up to the present they have confined them- selves to patriotic demonstrations. They might be- come dangerous if they once decided to go to lect- ures — ^not even then to their fellow-students, but to the professors, who have greater doctrinal free- dom, and who also make use of the right to express their opinions, of course within the limits of their special subjects. [Shortly after this interview a professor in Kharkov who had expressed sympathy for the Japanese was actually informed against by the conservative students and disciplined by the authorities, a thing which led to great student demonstrations.] Moreover, there are special spies which keep watch over the professors and students, but luckily they are too illiterate to understand the import of what is said, and therefore can do little damage." 23 a STUDENT BODY IN RUSSIA ** Are the professors sufficiently in sympathy with each other for the formation of a university esprit de corps?*' ** Most certainly. The common suffering, the fact that they are forbidden to take open part in politics draw them together. Where in other places rival- ries and differences of opinion occasion dissensions, here there is to be found only one solid whole — op- pression is the firm cement. And only in this way is it possible to make some resistance to the absolu- tism of the police. In open resistance we are quite weak, yes, even defenceless, against the brutality of the regime, but in passive resistance we are almost unconquerable because of our close contact with each other." "Ah! And so here there is brought to my atten- tion one of those subterranean sources of public opinion in Russia, which I have so long sought." "Of course. I believe that the war will greatly accelerate and force us to discount our coupons.* Then, in my opinion, it cannot be long before a sort of national assembly is called. This is my belief and my hope. Conditions of excitement like the present ones at our universities cannot be long endured under any cir- cumstances. In one way or another a change must take place, and we must hold fast to the hope of better things." * Den Coupon zu kürzen. XXIV BEPORE THE CATASTROPHE* ** IF you wish to have a striking evidence of the 1 worth of our government, you need notice only one thing," said an entirely unprejudiced Russian to me one day. "We have as many questions as we have classes of population. We have a Finnish question, a Polish, a Jewish, a Ruthenian, and a Caucasian question. We have, besides, a peasant question, a labor question, and a sectarian ques- tion, and, moreover, a student question also. Wher- ever you cut into the conglomerate of the Russian population, lengthwise or crosswise, everjrwhere you strike conflicts, combustibles, and tension. Not a single one of the problems which may exist in or- ganized states in general is solved, but every one has been made burning and dangerous through unskil- ful, brutal, and even malicious handling.*' The man who spoke in this way was not a Liberal, but a Conservative aristocrat in the state service. I had reserved him for the end in my journey of research. After I had had conversations with high * An interview with a Russian Conservative. 23s THE LAND OF RIDDLES officials in the departments of education and of finance, with men like Prince Ukhtomski, 'with bankers and with lawyers, and had heard al^wajrs the same story of the instability of things and the worthlessness of the regime, I turned to the friends who by their influence had smoothed the way for me ever3nvhere, and said to them: **This cannot go on. I did not come to Russia merely to be shot, as it were, out of a pneumatic tube through a collection of Liberal and Radical malcontents. I do not wish to hear merely the opposition in Russia. You must gain access for me to some prominent Con- servative also, one who stands on the basis of the present system, and who honestly and in good faith defends it. It need not be Suvorin or any other man of questionable honor, for I myself can apply Stahl's theories to Russian conditions. It must be a sincere, reputable, and sensible man with whom I can discuss the most widely different questions with or without an interpreter; either is the same to me. My request was readily granted. A scholar ad- mire almost to the point of worship, in whose house I had been entertained, gave me a letter to the Conservative aristocrat whose words I have quoted at the beginning of this paper. This letter I forwarded to the honorable gentleman in ques- tion, asking for an interview, and by return mail I received a reply stating that he would expect me that same afternoon. 236 BEFORE THE CATASTROPHE I must confess that I anticipated this interview with some qualms. It was towards the end of my visit. The results hitherto obtained had the dis- advantage of a certain monotony of sombreness, with, however, the advantage also that each suc- ceeding interview only strengthened the impression gained from previous ones. Thus by degrees I had formed a veiy sharply defined image of Russian con- ditions — such an image as is pictured in the mind of the thinking Russian. Was this clear and distinct image now to be dispelled by the lye of this Con- servative critic, and was I to lose the chief result of my journey, a confidence in the trustworthiness of the data hitherto accumulated? I met the gentleman at his house at the appointed time, and learned at once that I had been especial- ly conmiended to him. I therefore entered with- out hesitation upon the matter in which I was in- terested. "I do not wish," I began, **to go through Russia in blinders. If your excellency, as a Conservative, will have the goodness to refute what I have heard hitherto, and will give me more accurate informa- tion, I shall be under great obligation." "What have you heard?" asked the count. "That Russia is starving, while the papers report a surplus in the treasury." "That, unfortunately, is true." " That your thinking people are in despair." "Also true." 237 THE LAND OF RIDDLES "That a revival of the Reign of Terror is to be feared.*' "Equally true/' " That all Russia hopes the war will be lost, be- cause only in that way can the present state of things be brought to an end." "True again." " That the present regime passes all bounds of de- pravity, and can be compared only with the Prae- torian rule in the period of the decline of Rome." "That understates the truth." My face must have taken on a very strange ex- pression during this brisk play of question and an- swer, for the count now took the initiative, and said : " You are, I can see, surprised that I, as a Con- servative and a state official, should answer in this way; but I hope you do not consider 'conservative* and * infamous ' synonymous terms. If you do not, you will not expect me to approve the regime of Plehve. That is not a Conservative regime. It is the regime of hell f otmded by a devil at the head of the most important department." (Here came the speech with which this paper began.) The count then proceeded: "Do not suppose that Rus- sia is of necessity smitten with such serious prob- lems. These questions are nowhere simpler than with us. We have no national problems like those of Prussia, for instance, or of Austria-Hungary, which are complicated by the fact that majorities and minorities are mixed together almost beyond separa- 238 BEFORE THE CATASTROPHE tion. We have even in Poland almost no national aspirations regarding which we could not come to a peaceable understanding. Our nationalities live almost entirely distinct, in compact bodies side by side; even the Finns are politically separate. It would be an easy thing to make them all contented under just maintenance of the supremacy of the Czar. But the priestlike intolerance of Pobydo- nostzev has spread the idea in the world that all diversities of religion and speech must be ironed out with a hot flat-iron, even at the risk of singeing heads. Since then it is considered patriotic to re- press men and convictions. Why is this the case? To get rid of the most im- portant elements of the malcontents for years, per- haps forever. Of course, the Poles, the Jews, and the Ruthenians have the most cause for discontent. Meanwhile there is peace at home." ** Not to a remarkable extent, I observe." "Wait. The students, who are so incautious in airing their ideas, will come to know the East." "Your excellency, no Radical has spoken like this." **I can well understand that. The honorable 240 BEPORE THE CATASTROPHE Radicals have much less cause to be dissatisfied with this rule of banditti, for it sends the water to their mills. But a Conservative like myself sees with horror that all the foimdations of the Conservative order of things are undermined, and that we are approaching exactly the same convulsions that France experienced after the spontaneous downfall of her absolute monarchy/' " In what respect, then, does your excellency dis- tinguish yourself as a Conservative from the so- called Liberals ? Certainly not in criticism ?** "I will explain. The Liberals are Girondists, with their ideas adopted from Cahier and Rousseau. Minister Turgot was a Conservative, who wished to save the monarchy by trying to make an end of the loose management of favorites. We Conserva- tives do not believe in a constitution or a parliament as the only means of salvation. We Russians are anything but ripe for that. It is a question if any people of the Continent, tmtrained in English self- government, are ripe for it. We look to the Czar for salvation, and to the Czar alone." ** Prince Ukhtomski says much the same thing. He does not speak of Liberal or Conservative, but only of an intelligent party in Russia, and he be- lieves that an able minister could save the whole situation." " I do not believe that for an instant. For, un- der the present circumstances, an able and honest minister cannot remain at court. There is only one i6 241 THE LAND OF RIDDLES salvation — a czar who is so educated for his task of ruling that he is not the plaything of a circle of courtiers, like our present good Emperor." **I have heard a saying of Pobydonostzev, 'Au- tocracy is good, but it involves an autocrat.' " ** Certainly; even if it were not Pobydonostzev's opinion. For brutahty alone certainly will not do. We must have knowledge of the subject and strength of wül." "Then the future must look very black to your excellency, if you await salvation from a new and better-trained czar. At present there is not even a prospect of a successor to the throne." **It looks black enough. I have no hope at all. For what is hope to others is to me new ground for sorrow. We shall be defeated in Asia. We shall have a financial crash — i. e., our long-existent bank- ruptcy can no longer be veiled by juggling with the budget ; and then we shall have a repetition of the old game of revolutions and constitutions. Some Western ideas on constitution-making will be im- ported and will not work. There will come a re- action, and the hand of every man will be against every other. ..." ** Then your excellency is opposed to the freedom of the press?" '* God forbid! A Conservative r6gime is far from being a police regime. We must have a public opin- ion and a respectable press, and a press without free- dom cannot be respectable. A press which is under 242 BEFORE THE CATASTROPHE strict laws but not under police tyranny, and an honorable government, can both be brought about more easily imder an absolute monarchy than un- der parliamentary rule; but there will be no ques- tion of all this/' **I find hardly any essential difference between the ideas your excellency represents and those I have been hearing for months in Russia." ** You cannot wonder at that. If you should ask me whether the snow out-of-doors is white or green, I also, as a Conservative, can only answer that it is white. We are in a bad way; our peasantry is starving, our thinking class is in despair, our finances are ravaged. Yet I believe that far more evil days are before us, and I thank God that I am an old man who has seen the worst." So ended my interview with the Conservative, whom I had sought out for the correction of the Radical views I had heard. In the evening I had to make a report to my friends, who had waited it in suspense. My information created an immense sensation. Something entirely different from the interview had been expected, and there was aston- ishment at hearing views as bitter as any one pres- ent could have formulated. Had he permitted me to publish the conversation with his name? "The conversation, but not his name," I an- swered. A general "Aha!" went up from all present. ** That is the way with our chinovniks, remarked 243 THE LAND OF RIDDLES some one; "in a t6te-ä-t6te they are all Liberal, and as soon as they are on the retired list they are all Radical." **I beg pardon. Count X spoke with de- cision against a constitution, therefore he is not a Liberal." "We must beg of you," came in an almost tmani- mous chorus, " for Heaven's sake, not to adopt this view and represent it abroad. It would be the greatest misfortune that could happen to us if the outer world should believe that we really are not ripe for a constitution. We do not need an Eng- lish or a Belgian constitution, to be sure, but a free parliament and a free press we do need. Other- wise there is no reliance to be placed upon any re- form, and the farther from the centre the more Asiatic will be the rule of the satraps." "My duty is to report and not to judge," said I, dryly. " I owe it to my authority to reproduce his views as he gave them to me. The only thing that I can do is to add your criticism to my report." They were satisfied with this offer; and in accord- ance therewith I have reproduced the interview. XXV SECTARIANS AND SOCIALISTS I WAS taken one day to see a young Russian nobleman who was making a special study of the nature of sects. We drove to the outermost skirts of Moscow and stopped before a small pal- ace. My companion, another yotmg boyar, spoke to the servants, and after a few minutes we were conducted up a broad marble staircase to the first floor, where a suite of rooms furnished in extremely modem style opened out before us. I remarked to my companion that, after all, there really are no boundaries between countries, for this little palace with its very modem interior might just as well have been in Paris or London as here in Moscow. Instead of answering, the boyar motioned towards the ikon which hung in a comer. Modem furnish- ings, a bookcase filled with the most modem phil- osophical literature, and above it the orthodox ikon — ^we were in Moscow, after all. The master of the house came in and embraced and kissed his friend. I was introduced, and we shook hands. Cigarettes were lighted, and without further formalities the young host took some manu- 24S THE LAND OP RIDDLES scripts from a shelf and began to give me a private reading. My companion helped out when the read- er's vocabulary failed him. It is thus that I am in a position to give from my notes the following excerpts from a work which cannot be printed in Russia, because it deals with the forbidden subject of the character of sects in a fashion not entirely acceptable to the censor. The significance of sects in the inner structure of Russian life is best shown by some figures which give approximately their membership. In the year i860 about ten million Raskolniks (non - conform- ists) were counted; in 1878, fourteen million; in 1897, twenty million; and to-day they ntmiber thirty million. These non-conformists not only do not belong to the orthodox church, but stand in hostility to the state, which identifies itself with the orthodox church. The sects are constantly in- creasing in number, and there is no doubt what- ever that they answer much better to the religious needs of the Russian people than the state church, just as they already comprise what is morally the best part of the nation. The sects interested me less in themselves — ^al- though every expression of the human instinct of faith is of psychological interest — than in their bear- ing on the question as to how far they are united to form a revolutionary army which could disarm and overthrow the autocracy and then take in hand the new order of things. I tried to inform myself on 246 SECTARIANS AND SOCIALISTS this point from my attractive host's reading. I also asked about it directly. The answers I re- ceived have no room for expectation of a revolution- ary organization in the near future. According to them deliverance cannot come from below. Abso- lution no longer has the masses in hand, but it is at least able to prevent any general, all-inclusive or- ganization of the dissatisfied; and the thinking class in the opposition to the government did not find the way to the people until the most recent times. Only within the last few years has it been reported that the peasantry is beginning to show symptoms of tmusual fermentation, the authors of which are unknown. The government does what it can. It has spent nine million rubles for the strengthening of the provincial mounted police. According to the accepted view the sects arose because Patriarch Nikon wished to have the sacred writings and books of ritual then in use, in which textual errors were to be found, replaced by texts carefully revised accord- ing to the originals. The clergy, however, clinging to the old routine, opposed this. When the great coimcil of May 13, 1667, declared itself in favor of Nikon's proposed reform, the division became com- plete. From that time forward the opposition of "Old Believers" (Starovertzy) became the heart of all popular movements against the imperial power. My host represented a different shade of opinion. According to his idea, the sects arose with the intro- duction of Christianity, and they represent the op- 247 THE LAND OF RIDDLES position of the simple paganism of the people to the complicated casuistry of the Byzantine Church. Until the fourteenth century, he thinks, the church tried to keep with the sectarians, and suffered the procession to go according to the old pagan usage, with the sun instead of against it. Since the four- teenth century, however, the church has identified itself with the power of the state. From this time dates the hostility of the sects to the government. Nevertheless, until the seventeenth century, local gods were tolerated as patron saints. But when Bishop Mascarius issued a list of the saints recog- nized by the state, the quarrel with sects which clung to their own saints was made eternal. Since that time the sectarians have not troubled them- selves at all with the official religious literature. They print their own books on secret presses. Sectarianism really represents, therefore, in the first place, the national opposition of the Russians to Byzantium ; next, the opposition to St. Petersburg, and especially to Peter the Great, who was and is regarded as antichrist. But side by side with these nationalistic religious sects, and far in advance of them, have grown up mystically rationalistic ones also. Some of these, going back to early Christian ideas, refuse to bear arms and to take oath in court, like the German Anabaptists, Nazarenes, and Bap- tists. Others oppose the church on mere grounds of judgment, and lead a life regulated according to the teachings of pure reason. The Old Believers, 248 SECTARIANS AND SOCIALISTS after long and terrible martyrdoms in which their priests were burned or otherwise executed, and after a sort of recantation, finally came to an understand- ing with the state and are at present in part tol- erated. The great majority of rationalistic — ^mystic — sects, however, have remained hostile to the government, and are persecuted on all sides by the state, al- though a great part of their members lead much more moral lives than the orthodox Russians. They are to be distinguished at present — sects with priests C*Popovtzy") and sects without priests C* Bezpopovtzy "). The first are the Old Believers, who are especially well represented in the rich mer- chant class in Moscow and are recognized by the state. They may be distinguished by their uncut beards, by their mode of crossing themselves, and by their great piety. The sects without priests are, however, the most interesting. The most characteristic among them are the Self-burners, or Danielites, the Beguny, or Pilgrims, the Khlysty, or Scourgers, the Skoptzy and Skakuny, or Jumpers.* Their customs show what psychology knows already — namely, that religious emotion leads easily to sexual, and then both tend to revel in bloody ideas. One is led, in- deed, to question whether the fascinating effect of so many of the stories of saints must not be traced * A kind of Shakers. 249 THE LAND OF RIDDLES back to that psychological connection in the sub- consciousness. With the Danielites voluntaiy death by fire is considered meritorious. The Beguny are vagabonds, "without passport/' an unheard-of thing according to Russian ideas, without name, without proper institutions. In this sect men and women live together promiscuously. They are sup- ported by secret members of the sect who live in towns, and who do not, like the regular Beguny, expose themselves to the standing curse of anti- christ — i, e., the state. The Khlysty have direct revelations from heaven in the state of ecstasy which they experience at their devotional meetings. They are flagellants, dance in rings until they are exhausted, and then sink all together in a general orgy. The Skoptzy castrate themselves in such circumstances. The Skakuny, or Jumpers, dance in pairs in the woods with frightfully dislocated limbs until they sink down exhausted. All these sects are accused of child murder. They are said to wish to send children unspotted to the kingdom of heaven. It is to be noted that all these data are unreliable, because no stranger is admitted to the secret devotions, while the imaginations of the denouncers has just as much tendency to revel in sexual and sanguinary ideas as that of the exalted devotees. The persecution of these sects by the government is easy to understand. Spiritual epi- demics must be fought as much as physical disease. The persecution of the rationalistic sects is quite 250 SECTARIAxNS AND SOCIALISTS unjustifiable. They do not deserve the name of sects at all, for in other countries similar ones form simply free political, ethical, or philosophical so- cieties. Certainly they can only benefit the com- mtmities in which they exist by their high ideal of integrity and strict morality. Count Leo Tolstoi has already made the banishment of the Doukho- bors known to all the world as an infamous pro- ceeding, and has thereby raised large contributions for their settlement in Canada. The Shaloputy and the Malevents, for the most part Ruthenians, have a really ideal character, free from the narrow- ness and superstition of the church, without ritual, industrious, helpful, peaceful, and kindly. They live together in a state of free-love marriages, with- out constraint of church or state, neither lie nor swear, and do good even to their enemies. The Stundists, who are said to have originated with the German pastor Bonekemper, in the Rohrbach colony near Odessa, are similarly virtuous commu- nists, who do not trouble themselves about the state, hold all property in common, adjust, all quarrels among themselves, and harm nobody. The for- mula of the report with which the gendarmes are accustomed to give notice of the discovery of a Stundist is characteristic: ** I was passing the house of Farmer X and his son and saw them both reading in a book. I entered and ascertained that this book is the Gospel , Farmer X and his son are therefore Stundists, and as such are most respect- 251 THE LAND OF RIDDLES fully reported to the authorities." Russian nobles have been exiled to Siberia for the crime of reading the Gospel to their servants. A former officer of the guards, Vassili Alexandrovitch Pashkov, who dedicated all his means to philanthropy and held religious exercises, was expelled from St. Petersburg and the movement named for him was suppressed. Why is all this ? The narrow - mindedness of Pobydonostzev's system permits no falling -away from the official church. The police state tolerates no suspicious morality. The thinking class in Rus- sia quote with bitterness Aksakov's saying, " Be a rascal, but be correct in your politics" ("Bud, razvraten, no bud, blagonamyeren "). Debauch- ery is directly commended to young men of good family because it prevents intense absorption in pohtics. The crime of the Stundists, Doukhobors, and Malevents consists in their wishing to be Chris- tians in the spirit of Christ, and in being disaffected towards that diabolical machine the Russian state. For this they are persecuted in the name of Christ and of the state, but, as the above-quoted figures show, without result. Sectarianism grows con- tinuously. Thus Leo Tolstoi's religious anarchy is in a certain way comprehensible. Whoever looks about him sees good people who, without making any disturbance, simply turn away from the state as something unchristian and inhuman ; and he may easily fall into the delusion that it will some time be possible to found the kingdom of heaven upon 252 SECTARIANS AND SOCIALISTS the earth through the spreading of these teachings. Their rise, however, is only too comprehensible in a state which has never pretended to represent the general welfare and justice — means by which even conscienceless conquerors and despots have spread civilization. All these sects are limited to the peasantry. The sectarianism of the cities is called socialism. Here, too, one must use the word '* sectarianism." For even the little bands of organized labor split im- mediately, after the Russian fashion, into smaller groups ; and even the intelligent upper classes form just as many little circles, each with its own doc- trine and its own organ. In spite of all efforts I did not succeed in getting approximately reliable figures for the strength of the separate socialistic groups. The estimates varied from forty thousand to two hundred thousand, and are, therefore, en- tirely worthless. In regard to the nature of the groups, both in general and in particular, there is much more definite information. After the assassination of the Czar Alexander II., which no one in Russia will believe was committed without the help of these groups, who knew definitely that the Emperor intended to sign an order for ar- rest, the small and entirely isolated group of per- haps a hundred and fifty desperadoes was simply exterminated, and several thousand people were exiled to Siberia. With that the so-called aggres- sion of nihilism came to an end. Malicious persons, 253 THE LAND OF RIDDLES however, think it ended with the deed which was most in the interest of the omnipotent police — ^name- ly, the assassination of Alexander II. In any case, the police was not at all severe in getting rid of this definitely recognized band. At that time the doctrine of Marx was beginning to spread in Russia. This doctrine was looked upon by the authorities as an antidote for the terrorism of anarchy. The Marxists, whose organ is the Iskra (Ray, or Spark), are doctrinaires here as ever3rwiiere, swear — at least so the Revisionists declare — by the theory that the poor are growing poorer, and wish the peasants to abandon their land and to become a wandering proletariat according to the catechism of Marx. They were opposed by the late Mikhail- ovski, who knew Russia better than the founders of the Iskra. To-day the Marxists are supposed to be suppressed. Besides these there is the league with the two Parisian organs, the Revolutionary Russia, a monthly printed in Russian, and the Russian Tribune, the real monitor of the socialistic movement, and, next to Struve's Oswobozhdenie, the best source of information upon Russian conditions. The leaguers are former followers of Lasalle. They are exceedingly troublesome to the police on account of their close organization. For a while the police cherished the hope of being able to seize the labor movement for their own pur- poses. A certain Subatov invented a plan by which the police were to give financial support to the or- 254 SECTARIANS AND SOCIALISTS ganization of labor, and in exchange to require the political good conduct of the organization. The in- dustrial barons, however, at whose expense this treaty of peace was to be brought about, put them- selves on the defensive. Gouyon in particular, a manufacturer of Moscow, who employs over five thousand persons, simply threatened to close his factory if the inspectors were not withdrawn. So fell Subatov, leaving only his name behind to des- ignate those who stiU put in a good word for police socialism. They are called **Subatovists." With this exception, no one has thought of an honest fac- tory inspection as an effectual help for the work- men. The socialistic movement is seizing not only the working classes, but also the universities, almost all of which to-day embrace a radicalism certainly re- lated to socialism. No sharp distinction can be made, indeed, between these two stages in the gen- eral dissatisfaction and fermentation. The police keeps its strictest guard upon the universities and all the thinking classes. In the province of Irkutsk there are at present no fewer than three thousand political exiles. How many are lashed to death with knouts in police prisons no man knows. The answer, however, is found in those unplanned out- rages which are beginning to occur again, and to which a governor or a minister falls victim, now in one place, now in another. An outbreak of many of these is generally expected in the near future. THE LAND OP RIDDLES There is still, however, a conservative element in Russia. I asked a well-fed Russian tradesman, a representative "kupetz" (small dealer) of Moscow, what he thought about the war and the conditions in the country. His answer was so characteristic that I must give it: ** It is not anybody's business to think, but to obey God and the Czar." The present order of things in Russia rests on this prin- ciple and on the stupidity of the half -savage Cos- sacks. Therefore, no one must be deceived by the symptoms of bitter feeling. A revolution tmder or- ganized leadership and with a definite object is im- possible. At the most, single nationalities and the starving peasantry may rise up, to suffer a sangui- nary overthrow. Deliverance is not yet within sight for these most unfortunate of all men. National bankruptcy, which no one doubts is imminent, will perhaps bring an improvement. Therefore the Russians pray, desirous to hasten it, " God help us so that we may be defeated." XXVI MOSCOW BLUE heavens, golden cupolas, green towers, red houses, pealing bells above, sleigh-bells on the streets, praying muzhiks before images of the saints, beautiful women in costly furs — when I wish to reconstruct from my recollections the picture of Moscow, these are the elements which at first mingle, charming, chaotic, like the colors in Cau- casian gold -enamel. How beautiful a city this! How often have I stood upon the tower of the Ivan Veliky and looked down on this endless sea of shining cupolas and gay roofs crowded upon gently rising hills far into the blue haze of the dis- tance ! Never was the Russian love of home so in- telligible to me as there in the heart of Russia, upon the battlements of the Kremlin, high above the bank of the Moskva! And involuntarily I won- dered, as, indeed, would any one not a subject of the imperator, who has looked down from such battlements upon all the subject masses of Rus- sians, whether he has really subjugated them or whether they have only been brought to a death- bringing hibernation. ^Esthetic, ethnological, his- torical, and political suggestions swarm to the mind 17 257 THE LAND OP RIDDLES of the thoughtful observer in this place. Petersburg and a pet name for Moscow — "Little Mother Moscow," it is called, the real capital of Russiandom. And even the stranger must remark this difference of treatment. St. Petersburg aston- ishes, awes, frightens. Moscow ingratiates herself at first sight and wins each day a firmer hold on our hearts. One thinks with a certain tenderness of one's stay in Moscow, and in spite of unbelief predicts to himself another visit. But not with faith. For unless business calls him there he is not hkely to make a second visit to Moscow in a lifetime. But one longs to pass many a pleasant day in this city, so curious and yet so homely, with her kindly inhabitants. Why? It would be hard to say in a few words. The city is in too strong a contrast to the forced founding of St. Petersburg. There the hand of man is all in evidence; nothing is re- freshing. A great prison fortress of granite blocks surrounded by huts aiid barracks. Moscow is a product of nature, founded with enthusiasm by its dwellers in response to the open invitation of nat- ure, and adored even with devotion. Even the stranger feels this, even though there is nothing to which he is tinaccustomed except the devotion and tenderness of a people to whom he is bound by not a single tie of common association. With what 258 MOSCOW shudders one wanders through Rome, from Mont Pincio to the Vatican ! how one is carried on by the ocean of world history upon the Capitoline, among the excavations of the Fonmi, among the palace walls of the Palatine! What is to us, in contrast, the Kremlin, this sanctuary of half-Asiatic bar- barians? Yes, an exoteric deHcacy, nothing else! One cannot free one's self from the charm of these places. Here a good-natured folk has created a jewel-box, gay and dazzHngly ornamented, careless of what the culttire of the West has declared beau- tif id and holy ; hither gravitate all the national feel- ings of a hundred million people; and, finally, all this is created to the harm of no one, to frighten no one, to oppress no one. Here the Czar is not the general-in-chief of so many million bayonets, but " Little Father Czar," who yields the cotmtless holy images and chapels just the same devotion as his lowest muzhik. And here is the past — not alone the brazen, threatening present — the past of a strange people, but a people of lovable individuals, who, besides, are brought nearer to us than many of our nearest neighbors by a literature of unpar- alleled fidelity to life. One must grow to love this childlike, slow -blooded, and yet care -free people, with their irresistible heartiness. And he who has learned to love the Russians must love their Little Mother Moscow, in spite of, or just on account of, her quietness.
| 31,242 |
https://github.com/TG-CIS1930CP02/EMR-web/blob/master/health-entity-web/src/app/services/administrator.service.ts
|
Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| 2,020 |
EMR-web
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TG-CIS1930CP02
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TypeScript
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Code
| 162 | 579 |
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpErrorResponse, HttpParams, HttpHeaders, HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable, throwError } from 'rxjs';
import { catchError } from 'rxjs/operators';
import { Administrator } from '../models/administrator';
@Injectable({
providedIn: 'root'
})
export class AdministratorService {
constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }
urlBaseRas = 'http:/localhost:8080/administrator';
urlBaseEntity = 'http:/localhost:8080/administrator';
private handleError(error: HttpErrorResponse): Observable<any> {
console.log(error);
return throwError('An error has occurred');
}
private get<T>(url, parameters: HttpParams = null): Observable<T> {
console.log('get:', url);
return this.http
.get<T>(url, { withCredentials: true, params: parameters })
.pipe(catchError(this.handleError));
}
private post<T>(url, data: T): Observable<T> {
console.log('post:', url);
return this.http
.post<T>(url, data, {
withCredentials: true,
headers: new HttpHeaders({
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
})
})
.pipe(catchError(this.handleError));
}
private put<T>(url, data: T): Observable<T> {
console.log('put:', url);
return this.http
.put<T>(url, data, { withCredentials: true })
.pipe(catchError(this.handleError));
}
private delete<T>(url): Observable<T> {
console.log('delete:', url);
return this.http
.delete<T>(url, { withCredentials: true })
.pipe(catchError(this.handleError));
}
findByIdentification(type: string, id: number) {
const params = new HttpParams()
.set('type', type)
.set('id', id.toString());
return this.get<Administrator>(`${this.urlBaseRas}/find-by-identification)`, params);
}
}
| 8,560 |
2013/52013DC0391/52013DC0391_HU.txt_1
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Eurlex
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Open Government
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CC-By
| 2,013 |
None
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None
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Hungarian
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Spoken
| 1,214 | 3,384 |
EUR-Lex - 52013DC0391 - HU
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52013DC0391
Ajánlás A TANÁCS AJÁNLÁSA Máltának a túlzott költségvetési hiány megszüntetéséről /* COM/2013/0391 final - 2013/ () */
Ajánlás
A TANÁCS AJÁNLÁSA
Máltának a túlzott költségvetési hiány
megszüntetéséről
AZ EURÓPAI UNIÓ TANÁCSA,
tekintettel az Európai Unió
működéséről szóló szerződésre és különösen annak 126. cikke (7)
bekezdésére,
tekintettel az Európai Bizottság ajánlására,
mivel:
(1) Az Európai Unió
működéséről szóló szerződés (EUMSZ) 126. cikke szerint a
tagállamoknak kerülniük kell a túlzott költségvetési hiányt.
(2) A Stabilitási és Növekedési
Paktum az árstabilitás és az erős, fenntartható, munkahelyteremtéshez vezető
növekedés eszközeként a rendezett államháztartás célkitűzésén alapul.
(3) [2013. június 21]-én a Tanács
az EUMSZ 126. cikkének (6) bekezdésével összhangban megállapította, hogy Máltán
túlzott hiány áll fenn.
(4) Az EUMSZ 126. cikke
(7) bekezdésének és a túlzott hiány esetén követendő eljárás
végrehajtásának felgyorsításáról és pontosításáról szóló 1467/97/EK tanácsi
rendelet[1]
3. cikkének megfelelően a Tanácsnak a túlzott hiány meghatározott
időszakon belül történő megszüntetésére irányuló ajánlásokat kell
tennie az érintett tagállam részére. Az ajánlás az érintett tagállam számára
legfeljebb hathónapos határidőt állapíthat meg a túlzott hiány
megszüntetésére irányuló eredményes intézkedések meghozatalára. Továbbá a
túlzott hiány megszüntetéséről szóló ajánlásban a Tanácsnak olyan éves
költségvetési célok elérését kell előírnia, amelyek az ajánlást
alátámasztó előrejelzések alapján összhangban vannak a strukturális
egyenlegben, azaz az egyszeri és egyéb átmeneti intézkedések nélküli,
ciklikusan kiigazított egyenlegben elért, viszonyítási alapként a GDP legalább
0,5 %-ának megfelelő egyenlegjavulással. Emellett, az 1467/97/EK
tanácsi rendeletnek az adósságkritérium szerinti követelményt meghatározó 2.
cikkével összhangban a korrekciós időszak utolsó évére ajánlott
költségvetési célnak biztosítania kell, hogy a Bizottság költségvetési
előrejelzései alapján a GDP-arányos adósságráta és a Szerződésben a
GDP 60 %-ában meghatározott referenciaérték közötti eltérés az előírt
mértékben fog csökkenni a túlzott hiány megszüntetését követő két évben.
(5) A Bizottság 2013. tavaszi
előrejelzése szerint a hiány 2013-ban és 2014-ben továbbra is a
referenciaérték felett marad, a GDP 3,7 %-ának, illetve 3,6 %-ának
megfelelő szinten. Ezek a költségvetési előrejelzések a jelenlegi
szakpolitikákon alapulnak, vagyis magukban foglalják a Parlament által 2013
áprilisában elfogadott 2013. évi költségvetést, amely mind a bevételi, mind a
kiadási oldalra vonatkozóan tartalmaz expanzív intézkedéseket, valamint
tartalmazza az Air Malta számára nyújtandó, már tervbe vett tőkeinjekciót
(a GDP 0,6 %-a) – együttes nettó hiánynövelő hatásuk a GDP
0,3 %-át teszi ki. Az expanzív intézkedéseket csupán részben ellensúlyozza
a jövedéki adók növelése, az adóhátralékok beszedése, valamint a 2006. évi
nyugdíjreformból eredő kiadásmegtakarítások és magasabb
társadalombiztosítási járulékok. Emellett a Bizottság által azonosított, nettó
hiánycsökkentő egyszeri intézkedések konszolidációs erőfeszítésre
gyakorolt hatása 2012 után jelentősen csökken. Tekintve, hogy az
elsődleges hiány 2013-ban és 2014-ben várhatóan továbbra is fennáll, a
Bizottság 2013. tavaszi előrejelzése szerint az államadósság szintje
tovább nő, és 2013-ban eléri a GDP 73,9 %-át, 2014-ben pedig a GDP
74,9 %-át. Az államháztartási hiány várhatóan 2015-ben és 2016-ban is a
GDP 3 %-ában meghatározott referenciaérték felett marad, a GDP-arányos
adósságráta pedig 2016-ra a GDP 75,6 %-ára nő majd.
(6) Az 1467/97/EK rendelet
értelmében a túlzott hiány kiigazítását a megállapítását követő évben kell
teljesíteni, kivéve, ha különleges körülmények állnak fenn. Mindezek fényében
indokolt a túlzott hiányt 2014-ig kiigazítani. A hiteles és fenntartható
kiigazítási pálya érdekében Máltának mindenekelőtt a GDP 3,4 %-át
kitevő teljes államháztartási hiányt kell elérnie 2013-ban és a GDP
2,7 %-át kitevőt 2014-ben, ami a strukturális egyenleg alábbiak
szerinti éves javulásának felel meg: 2013-ban a GDP 0,7 %-a és 2014-ben a
GDP 0,7 %-a. A 2014. évi cél biztosítja, hogy a GDP-arányos adósságráta és
a Szerződésben a GDP 60 %-ában meghatározott referenciaérték közötti
eltérés az előírt mértékben csökkenjen a túlzott hiány megszüntetését
követő két évben. A fent említett strukturális célok eléréséhez Máltának
az alapforgatókönyvben már szereplő intézkedések mellett további
konszolidációs intézkedéseket kell elfogadnia, 2013-ban a GDP mintegy
0,4 %-ának megfelelő értékben, 2014-ben pedig a GDP mintegy
0,75 %-ának megfelelő értékben. Ezek a célok figyelembe veszik, hogy
kompenzálni kell a költségvetési konszolidáció által – a GDP-növekedésre
gyakorolt hatásai révén – az államháztartásra kifejtett negatív másodlagos
hatásokat. A kiigazítási pálya alapjául szolgáló alapforgatókönyv magában
foglalja a Bizottság 2013. tavaszi előrejelzését, és a kibocsátási rés
megszüntetésére, valamint a költségvetés ciklikussággal szembeni érzékenységére
vonatkozó standard feltételezések alapján 2016-ig kiterjeszti azt; nem
tartalmazza viszont az Air Malta részére nyújtandó, a 2013. évi stabilitási
program szerint 2015-re tervezett további tőkeinjekciót. Így a
feltételezések szerint a tőkeinjekcióra nem kerül sor, vagy azt ellenkező
irányú intézkedések ellensúlyozzák majd.
(7) Málta költségvetési
keretrendszere meglehetősen rugalmas, a keretrendszer nem kötelező
jellege és a költségvetési tervezés rövid horizontja pedig nem kedveznek a
szilárd költségvetési pozíció kialakításának. A költségvetési keretrendszerekről
szóló 2011/85/EU irányelv még nem került átültetésre. Emellett, a
költségvetésiterv-javaslatok monitoringjára és értékelésére, valamint az
euroövezeti tagállamok túlzott hiánya kiigazításának biztosítására vonatkozó
közös rendelkezésekről szóló, 2013. május 21-i 473/2013/EU európai
parlamenti és tanácsi rendelet 5. cikkével összhangban Máltának független
szerveket kell létrehoznia a költségvetési szabályoknak való megfelelés
monitoringjára. Bár a stabilitási program a kormány azon szándékát tükrözi,
hogy költségvetési tanácsot hozzon létre, erre vonatkozó konkrét tervek még
nincsenek.
(8) A
költségvetésiterv-javaslatok monitoringjára és értékelésére, valamint az
euroövezeti tagállamok túlzott hiánya kiigazításának biztosítására vonatkozó közös
rendelkezésekről szóló, 2013. május 21-i 473/2013/EU európai parlamenti és
tanácsi rendelet 9. cikkének (1) bekezdésével összhangban Málta az 1467/97/EK
rendelet 3. cikkének (4a) bekezdése szerint benyújtandó jelentéssel
egyidejűleg gazdasági partnerségi programot nyújt be a Bizottságnak és a
Tanácsnak.
(9) A Tanács álláspontja szerint
a költségvetési konszolidációs intézkedéseknek tartós javulást kell
előidézniük az államháztartás egyensúlyában, egyúttal hozzá kell járulniuk
az államháztartás színvonalának emeléséhez, valamint a gazdaság növekedési
potenciáljának erősítéséhez,
AJÁNLJA, HOGY:
(1)
Málta 2014-ig számolja fel a jelenlegi túlzott
hiányt.
(2)
Máltának konkrétan:
a) a GDP 3,4 %-át kitevő teljes
államháztartási hiányt kell elérnie 2013-ban és a GDP 2,7 %-át
kitevőt 2014-ben, ami a strukturális egyenleg alábbiak szerinti éves
javulásának felel meg: 2013-ban a GDP 0,7 %-a és 2014-ben a GDP
0,7 %-a. Ez a kiigazítási pálya lehetővé tenné, hogy a teljes
államháztartási hiány 2014-re a GDP 3 %-ában meghatározott referenciaérték
alá csökkenjen, miközben egyúttal azt is biztosítaná, hogy a bruttó
államadósság-ráta kielégítő ütemben közelítse a GDP 60 %-ában
meghatározott referenciaértéket;
b) pontosan meg kell határoznia és szigorúan
végre kell hajtania a túlzott hiány 2014-ig történő megszüntetéséhez
szükséges intézkedéseket, és minden rendkívüli többletet a hiány csökkentésére
kell felhasználnia.
(3)
A Tanács október 1-jét állapítja meg
határidőként a máltai hatóságok számára eredményes intézkedések
meghozatalára, valamint arra, hogy az 1467/97/EK tanácsi rendelet 3. cikkének
(4a) bekezdésével összhangban részletes jelentést tegyen a célok elérése
érdekében kidolgozott konszolidációs stratégiáról.
A túlzott hiány kiigazítását követően
Máltának folytatnia kell a strukturális értelemben vett kiegyensúlyozott
költségvetésre vonatkozó középtávú célkitűzés felé történő,
megfelelő ütemű előrelépést, többek között a kiadási
referenciaérték teljesítése révén. A költségvetés végrehajtásának kockázatait
korlátozandó, a Tanács felkéri Máltát költségvetési keretrendszere
hatékonyságának megerősítésére, valamint arra, hogy egész évben javítsa a
költségvetés végrehajtásának monitoringját. Konkrétan felkéri Máltát, hogy
léptessen életbe egy nagyobb mértékben kötelező érvényű, szabályokon
alapuló, többéves költségvetési keretrendszert. Emellett, a
költségvetésiterv-javaslatok monitoringjára és értékelésére, valamint az
euroövezeti tagállamok túlzott hiánya kiigazításának biztosítására vonatkozó
közös rendelkezésekről szóló, 2013. május 21-i 473/2013/EU európai
parlamenti és tanácsi rendelet 5. cikkével összhangban meg kell erősíteni
a költségvetési politika monitoringját végző független szervek szerepét.
Végül, a költségvetési konszolidációs
stratégia sikerét biztosítandó, a Tanács felkéri a máltai hatóságokat, hogy az
európai szemeszter keretében Máltának címzett tanácsi ajánlásokkal, különösen
pedig a makrogazdasági egyensúlyhiány kezelésére szolgáló eljárás prevenciós
ágához kapcsolódóakkal összhangban támasszák alá átfogó strukturális
reformokkal a költségvetési konszolidációt.
Ennek az ajánlásnak a Máltai Köztársaság a
címzettje.
Kelt Brüsszelben,
a
Tanács részéről
az
elnök
[1] HL L 209., 1997.8.2., 6. o.
| 17,766 |
https://github.com/gaurav712/tmx_parser/blob/master/test.c
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
tmx_parser
|
gaurav712
|
C
|
Code
| 258 | 949 |
#include <stdio.h>
#include "tmx_parser.h"
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 800
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 600
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
unsigned short map_height = 0;
unsigned short map_width = 0;
unsigned short tile_width = 0;
unsigned short tile_height = 0;
struct Tileset *tileset = NULL;
struct Layer *layers = NULL;
SDL_Renderer *renderer;
SDL_Window *window;
struct Tileset *temp_ptr;
load_tilemap("/home/gaurav/Projects/SDL_Game/res/tilemaps/TileMap.tmx");
get_tilemapspecs(&map_width, &map_height, &tile_width, &tile_height);
printf("map: %ux%u, tile: %ux%u\n", map_width, map_height, tile_width, tile_height);
if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "error initializing");
exit(1);
}
/* Test texture rendering */
window = SDL_CreateWindow("Texture Test",
SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, 0);
if(window == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "window create failed\n");
exit(1);
}
renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED | SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC);
if(renderer == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "renderer create failed\n");
exit(1);
}
load_tilesets(&tileset, renderer);
for(temp_ptr = tileset; temp_ptr; temp_ptr = temp_ptr->next) {
printf("%hd %hd %hd %hd %hd\n",
temp_ptr->firstgid,
temp_ptr->tile_width,
temp_ptr->tile_height,
temp_ptr->tilecount,
temp_ptr->columns);
}
load_layers(&layers);
/* Print layer data */
for(unsigned short row = 0; row < layers->height; row++) {
for(unsigned short col = 0; col < layers->width; col++) {
printf("%hd ", (layers->layer_data)[row][col]);
}
printf("\n");
}
SDL_Event event;
int close = 0;
/* Test the tectures */
SDL_Rect dest_rect = {0, 0, 32, 32};
SDL_Rect src_rect = {0, 0, 32, 32};
while(!close) {
while( SDL_PollEvent( &event ) != 0 ) {
//User requests quit
if( event.type == SDL_QUIT )
{
close = 1;
}
}
for(short row = 0; row < WINDOW_HEIGHT; row+=32) {
dest_rect.y = row;
for(short col = 0; col < WINDOW_WIDTH; col+=32) {
dest_rect.x = col;
SDL_RenderCopy(renderer, tileset->src_image_texture, &src_rect, &dest_rect);
}
}
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
}
destroy_tilemap(tileset, layers);
SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
| 45,481 |
https://github.com/isabella232/opslevel-go-1/blob/master/client.go
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
opslevel-go-1
|
isabella232
|
Go
|
Code
| 250 | 725 |
package rest
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"io"
"net/http"
"net/url"
log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
)
// Client represents a rest http client and is used to send requests to OpsLevel integrations
type Client struct {
baseURL *url.URL
httpClient *http.Client
Logger *log.Logger
}
// ClientOption modifies fields on a Client
type ClientOption func(c *Client)
// NewClient returns a Client pointer
func NewClient(opts ...ClientOption) *Client {
baseURL, _ := url.Parse("https://app.opslevel.com")
client := &Client{
baseURL: baseURL,
httpClient: &http.Client{},
Logger: log.StandardLogger(),
}
for _, o := range opts {
o(client)
}
return client
}
// WithBaseURL modifies the Client baseURL.
func WithBaseURL(baseURL string) ClientOption {
return func(c *Client) {
bu, _ := url.Parse(baseURL)
c.baseURL = bu
}
}
// WithHTTPClient modifies the Client http.Client.
func WithHTTPClient(hc *http.Client) ClientOption {
return func(c *Client) {
c.httpClient = hc
}
}
func (c *Client) do(method string, path string, body io.Reader, recv interface{}) error {
var err error
url := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", c.baseURL, path)
c.Logger.Debugf("Sending request to OpsLevel endpoint %s", url)
req, err := http.NewRequest(method, url, body)
if err != nil {
return err
}
req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/json")
resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
if err != nil {
c.Logger.Debugf("Failed to send request to OpsLevel: %s", err.Error())
return err
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
decoder := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body)
c.Logger.Debugf("Received status code %d", resp.StatusCode)
if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusAccepted {
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
_, _ = buf.ReadFrom(resp.Body)
s := buf.String()
return fmt.Errorf("status %d; %s", resp.StatusCode, s)
}
err = decoder.Decode(&recv)
if err != nil {
c.Logger.Debugf("Failed to decode response from OpsLevel: %s", err.Error())
return err
}
return nil
}
| 28,396 |
https://github.com/ppartarr/azure-sdk-for-java/blob/master/sdk/compute/mgmt-v2019_11_01/src/main/java/com/microsoft/azure/management/compute/v2019_11_01/implementation/VirtualMachineScaleSetInstanceViewInner.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
azure-sdk-for-java
|
ppartarr
|
Java
|
Code
| 219 | 637 |
/**
* Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
* Licensed under the MIT License. See License.txt in the project root for
* license information.
*
* Code generated by Microsoft (R) AutoRest Code Generator.
*/
package com.microsoft.azure.management.compute.v2019_11_01.implementation;
import com.microsoft.azure.management.compute.v2019_11_01.VirtualMachineScaleSetInstanceViewStatusesSummary;
import java.util.List;
import com.microsoft.azure.management.compute.v2019_11_01.VirtualMachineScaleSetVMExtensionsSummary;
import com.microsoft.azure.management.compute.v2019_11_01.InstanceViewStatus;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
/**
* The instance view of a virtual machine scale set.
*/
public class VirtualMachineScaleSetInstanceViewInner {
/**
* The instance view status summary for the virtual machine scale set.
*/
@JsonProperty(value = "virtualMachine", access = JsonProperty.Access.WRITE_ONLY)
private VirtualMachineScaleSetInstanceViewStatusesSummary virtualMachine;
/**
* The extensions information.
*/
@JsonProperty(value = "extensions", access = JsonProperty.Access.WRITE_ONLY)
private List<VirtualMachineScaleSetVMExtensionsSummary> extensions;
/**
* The resource status information.
*/
@JsonProperty(value = "statuses")
private List<InstanceViewStatus> statuses;
/**
* Get the instance view status summary for the virtual machine scale set.
*
* @return the virtualMachine value
*/
public VirtualMachineScaleSetInstanceViewStatusesSummary virtualMachine() {
return this.virtualMachine;
}
/**
* Get the extensions information.
*
* @return the extensions value
*/
public List<VirtualMachineScaleSetVMExtensionsSummary> extensions() {
return this.extensions;
}
/**
* Get the resource status information.
*
* @return the statuses value
*/
public List<InstanceViewStatus> statuses() {
return this.statuses;
}
/**
* Set the resource status information.
*
* @param statuses the statuses value to set
* @return the VirtualMachineScaleSetInstanceViewInner object itself.
*/
public VirtualMachineScaleSetInstanceViewInner withStatuses(List<InstanceViewStatus> statuses) {
this.statuses = statuses;
return this;
}
}
| 12,503 |
https://github.com/NinoDoko/flask-template/blob/master/app/__init__.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
flask-template
|
NinoDoko
|
Python
|
Code
| 61 | 248 |
from flask import Flask
from flasgger import Swagger
from flask_restful import Api
from config import config
from .services import *
import logging
import logging.config
import yaml
import os
config_name = os.environ.get('ENVIRONMENT')
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(config[config_name])
if app.config['ENV'] != 'production':
print(app.config)
logging.config.dictConfig(yaml.load(open('conf/logging_dev.conf')))
else:
logging.config.dictConfig(yaml.load(open('conf/logging.conf')))
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
api = Api(app, prefix="/api")
swagger = Swagger(app)
api.add_resource(ServiceApi, "/service")
api.add_resource(HealthApi, "/healthcheck")
api.add_resource(WorkApi, "/working")
api.add_resource(InfoApi, "/info")
| 30,483 |
US-202017019303-A_1
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,020 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 5,673 | 6,923 |
Method of assembling microelectronic package and method of operating the same
ABSTRACT
A method of assembling a microelectronic package includes the step of: stacking a processing device vertically with at least one memory device and electrically connecting the processing device to a plurality of conductive interconnects of one of the at least one memory device, wherein each of the at least one memory device includes: a substrate, presenting a front surface and a back surface; and a plurality of memory units formed on the front surface, each of which comprises a plurality of memory cells and the conductive interconnects electrically connected to the memory cells; and arranging the conductive interconnects to contribute to a plurality of signal channels each of which dedicated to transmit signals from the processing device to one of the memory units and vice versa.
PRIORITY CLAIM AND CROSS-REFERENCE
This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 16/232,417, filed Dec. 26, 2018, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to a memory device and microelectronic package having the same. Specifically, the present invention generally relates to the memory device adapted to be stacked vertically with one another and microelectronic package having the same.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Processors, such as SoC (System on Chip), Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Terminal Block Switch, etc., enables at least one of primary and peripheral functionality performed on specific electric apparatuses, such as mobile phones, tablets and laptop computers, etc. As the functionality of the electric devices increases to meet market requirements, the data storage capacity also increases to support such functionality.
One of the conventional solutions is a High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) 500 laterally positioned to a processor, such as a SoC die 600 as shown in FIG. 1. The HBM 500 has stacked DRAM architecture with core DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) dies 510 on top of a base logic die 520. The SoC die 600 may access the data stored in the HBM 500 through the interconnection built by an interposer 700. The package substrate 800 provide a bonding interface with a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The HBM 500 may increase the bandwidth up to 3 times as higher as unstacked DRAM but limited by a bottleneck due to a limited maximum number of channels between the HBM 500 and SoC die 600, which equals to the quotient of a width of the PHY area 521, 610 of the HBM 500 and SoC die 600 and a pitch of the interconnects. As one more DRAM die 11 is stacked/unstacked, the memory size that the HBM 500 provides increases/decreases one more total size of the DRAM die 510. Other than this, there is no way to customize the memory size the HBM 500 provides. Further, the cost and availability of the HBM 500 are other issues to be considered. Therefore, presenting a great memory size in view of the various relevant considerations and technical barriers is a challenge in the industry.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One aspect of the present invention is to provide a solution to enlarge the upper limit of the bandwidth a memory device or a microelectronic package having the same may present. With a novel structure in which a memory device is adapted to be stacked vertically, at least partially overlapped, with a processing device, a great potential for the bandwidth may be carried out.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a comparatively simple structure or assembly procedure for a memory device or a microelectronic package having the same with regard to one of the conventional technologies. For example, an interposer or a package substrate may be no longer required, the memory device may be integrated with the processing device, or the memory device may be assembled with the processing device by a wafer bonding process. Preferably, the cost may be reduced.
Yet, another aspect of the present invention is to provide a solution of elasticity in memory size a memory device or a microelectronic package having the same may provide. With dividing a memory device into a plurality of repeated memory units formed on the substrate, pieces of physical memory space may be presented for scalability to meet various needs of applications.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a memory device may be provided. The memory device, adapted to be stacked vertically with another memory device, may comprise a substrate and a plurality of memory units. The substrate may present a front surface and a back surface. Each of the memory units, formed on the front surface, may comprise a plurality of memory cells and a plurality of conductive interconnects electrically connected to the memory cells. In each of the memory units, the conductive interconnects contribute to a plurality of signal channels each of which is dedicated to transmit signals from an external interface to one of the memory units and vice versa.
According to another embodiment of the invention, a microelectronic package may be provided. The microelectronic package may comprise at least one memory device and a processing device. Each of the memory devices, adapted to be stacked vertically with one another, may comprise a substrate and a plurality of memory units. The substrate may present a front surface and a back surface. Each of the memory units, formed on the front surface, may comprise a plurality of memory cells and a plurality of conductive interconnects electrically connected to the memory cells. The processing device may be stacked vertically with the at least one memory device and electrically connected to the conductive interconnects. In each of the memory units, the conductive interconnects contribute to a plurality of signal channels each of which is dedicated to transmit signals from the processing device to one of the memory units and vice versa.
According to yet another embodiment of the invention, a method to assemble a microelectronic package may be provided. The method may comprise a step of stacking a processing device vertically with at least one memory device and electrically connected to conductive interconnects of one of the at least one memory device. Each of the at least one memory device may comprise a substrate and a plurality of memory units. The substrate may present a front surface and a back surface. Each of the at least one memory unit, formed on the front surface, may comprise a plurality of memory cells and a plurality of conductive interconnects electrically connected to the memory cells. In each of the memory units, the conductive interconnects contribute to a plurality of signal channels each of which is dedicated to transmit signals from the processing device to one of the memory units and vice versa.
According to yet another embodiment of the invention, a method of operating a microelectronic package is provided. The microelectronic package comprises a processing device stacking vertically with at least one memory device. The method comprising a step of: reading data stored in a plurality of memory cells of a plurality of memory units of the memory device, with the processing device, with a plurality of signal channels each of which is dedicated to transmit signals from the processing device to one of the memory units and vice versa.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various objects and advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the appended drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a conventional structure of a HBM laterally positioned to a processor;
FIG. 2A shows a sectional view of a memory device in the form of wafer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2B shows a partial top view of a memory device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3A shows a sectional view of a microelectronic package in which the memory device is stacked vertically with a processing device which electrically connected to the conductive interconnects according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3B shows another sectional view of a microelectronic package in which the memory device is stacked vertically with a processing device which electrically connected to the conductive interconnects according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of a memory device in the form of wafer according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows yet another sectional view of a microelectronic package in which the memory devices are stacked vertically with a processing device which electrically connected to the conductive interconnects according to yet another embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of a method to assemble a microelectronic package according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate like features. Persons of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure will understand other variations for implementing embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure, including those specific examples described herein. The drawings are not limited to specific scale and similar reference numbers are used for representing similar elements. As used in the disclosures and the appended claims, the terms “example embodiment,” “exemplary embodiment,” and “present embodiment” do not necessarily refer to a single embodiment, although it may, and various example embodiments may be readily combined and interchanged, without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the terminology as used herein is for the purpose of describing example embodiments only and is not intended to be a limitation of the disclosure. In this respect, as used herein, the term “in” may include “in” and “on”, and the terms “a”, “an” and “the” may include singular and plural references. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “by” may also mean “from”, depending on the context. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “if” may also mean “when” or “upon”, depending on the context. Furthermore, as used herein, the words “and/or” may refer to and encompass any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Please refer to FIGS. 2A and 2B. In FIG. 2A, a sectional view of a memory device in the form of wafer according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In FIG. 2B, a partial top view of a memory device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The memory device 100, either in the form of wafer or chip, may comprise a substrate 110, a plurality of memory units 120, a decoder circuit (not shown) and a local sensing amplifier (not shown). The substrate 110, for example made from silicon, glass or the like, may present a front surface 110A and a back surface 110B. The memory units 120, divided by a plurality of scribelines 130, may be formed on one of the front surface 110A and the back surface 110B, such as the front surface 110A. The number of the memory units 120 in the memory device 100 may be varied easily with cutting along with the scribelines 130 when the memory units 120 are in the form of wafer, and therefore the memory device 100 may be adapted to operate for providing a variable memory size which is an integer multiple of a unit size of the memory units 120, here for example, 6 (3×2), and in another example, 4 (2×2). Additional electrical devices may be optionally placed within the scribelines 130 to benefit the operation of the memory device 100. For example, several capacitors 131 may be formed therein as power supply decoupling capacitors for Vdd or Vss signals.
Each of the memory units 120 may comprise a plurality of memory cells 120A electrically connected to a plurality of conductive interconnects 120B. The memory cells 120A may be basic elements to store/retain electrical information in the memory device 100. Please note the structure, type, size, material, etc. of the memory cells 120A and the conductive interconnects 120B may be varied according to the requirements of a specific application. In the present embodiment, the memory cells 120A may be DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) which may be constructed by a capacity and a transistor. The conductive interconnects 120B may be made from conductive substance, and preferably metal, alloy or the like. Here, for example, the conductive interconnects 120B comprise conductive contacts extending to the front surface 110A of the substrate 110.
The size of the memory cells 120A may be varied according to the requirements of a specific application in the design stage, for example, 64 Mb or 8 Mb. In each of the memory units 120, the conductive interconnects 120B contribute to a plurality of signal channels each of which is dedicated to transmit signals from an external interface to one of the memory units 120 and vice versa. Through the conductive interconnects 120B and the external interface, a processing device (not shown) may read/write the memory cells 120A of the memory units 120. In a memory unit 120, the number of the conductive interconnects 120B in a memory unit 120 is not limited to a specific integer. Here, for example, the conductive interconnects 120B may provide enough input/output signal channels for common 8-bit interface for command/address and data, differential clock and differential DQ strobe (DQS) for high speed double data-rate (DDR), DM for data masking, CE for chip select, etc.
The memory device 100 may be adapted to be stacked vertically with a processing device. The processing device may be but not limited to SoC (System on Chip), Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Terminal Block Switch, etc. In some implementations, the processing device may comprise neuro network artificial intelligence circuitry. To provide a function, the processing device 300 may access the memory device 100 for data storage. Please refer to FIG. 3A, showing a sectional view of a microelectronic package 1 in which the memory device 100 is stacked vertically with a processing device 300 which electrically connected to the conductive interconnects 120B according to an embodiment of the present invention. The conductive interconnects 120B are electrically connected with conductive contacts 310A on the front surface of the processing device 300. Through metal bumps 310C and through silicon vias 310B, external signals may be input into logic circuit 320 of the processing device 300 and result calculated by the logic circuit 320 of the processing device 300 may be output to an external device, such as a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Therefore, in each of the memory units 120, the conductive interconnects 120B contribute to a plurality of signal channels each of which is dedicated to transmit signals from the processing device 300 to one of the memory units 120 and vice versa. Preferably, the shape and size of the processing device 300 may be substantially the same as those of the memory device 100. In such case, the memory device 100 in the form of wafer may be adapted to wafer-to-wafer bonding with the processing device 300 in the form of wafer to simplify the assembly process. Here, a front-to-front stacking wafer-to-wafer bonding is performed. In addition to wafer-on-wafer bonding, in some embodiments of the present invention, a chip-on-wafer bonding may be performed alternately. First, the memory device 100 may be diced into several memory chips which don't have to match the processing device 300 in size. Then, the smaller memory chips are mounted onto the wafer of the processing device 300 individually through the chip-on-wafer bonding process.
Please refer to FIG. 3B for another sectional view of a microelectronic package 2 in which the memory device 100 is stacked vertically with a processing device 400 which electrically connected to the conductive interconnects 120B according to another embodiment of the present invention. Similar to the previous embodiment, the conductive interconnects 120B are electrically connected with conductive contacts 410A on a front surface of the processing device 400. The major difference is that TSV are formed after the wafer-to-wafer bonding process: a wafer of the memory device 100 was wafer-to-wafer bonding with another wafer of the processing device 400, the wafer of the processing device 400 was thinning, TSV are formed through a back surface of the wafer of the processing device 400, and then metal bumps are connected with the TSV.
In yet another embodiment, a processing device stacked vertically with a memory device may handle at least one function with regard to the operation of a memory and allow memory units of the memory device operating as raw memory blocks. The function for example may be memory power supply, memory redundancy repair, etc. Specifically, the memory power supply may be placed in the processing device. The memory redundancy repair may be implemented by performing a test on the memory cells in the memory units of all memory devices for one time or each time upon power-up, constructing a failure indication unit to indicate the failure found with the test, and constructing a memory redundancy repair logic to handle operation of accessing a particular address. The failure indication unit may comprise a data storage space storing an address in relation to the failure, and may be implemented by memory repair e-fuses, non-volatile memory such as flash, registers, internal memory, etc. Generally, the memory redundancy repair logic may check repaired addresses stored in the failure indication unit, and decide either (1) this location is not repaired, therefore access the original memory address directly; or (2) this location is repaired, therefore access the replacement address instead. Logically, the replacement may be implemented in several approaches. First, if one single bit of a memory unit is bad, the processing device may treat entire page with regard to the bit as bad. Second, if a signal channel is bad, the processing device may put the address of the signal channel in a channel failure table stored in the failure indication unit and remap the address to a spare good signal channel. Third, if a page is bad, the processing device may put the failed page address in a table stored in the failure indication unit and remap to a good spare page which may be located in a different signal channel. At least one of the memory units may be served as redundant spare and operated for replacing a failure of another one of the memory units. In another embodiment, the failure indication unit may be placed in the spare memory unit.
Please refer to FIGS. 4 and 5, in which FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of a memory device 200 in the form of wafer according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 shows yet another sectional view of a microelectronic package 3 in which the memory devices 100, 200 are stacked vertically with a processing device 300 which electrically connected to the conductive interconnects 220B according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, from bottom to top, a processing device 300, three memory device 200 and a memory device 100, which is also shown in FIG. 2A, are stacked vertically. The number of the memory devices 100, 200 may be varied. The structure of the memory device 200 is similar to that of the memory device 100, but the conductive interconnects in the memory device 200 may further comprise a plurality of TSV 220C extending to a back surface of a substrate. The conductive interconnects 120B and the conductive interconnects 220B are electrically connected with TSV 220C of the adjacent memory device 200. Through metal bumps 310C and through silicon vias 310B, external signals may be input into logic circuit 320 of the processing device 300 and result calculated by the logic circuit 320 of the processing device 300 may be output to an external device, such as a PCB. Preferably, the shape and size of the processing device 300 may be substantially the same as those of the memory devices 100, 200. In such case, the memory devices 100, 200 in the form of wafer may be adapted to wafer-to-wafer bonding with the processing device 300 in the form of wafer to simplify the assembly process. Here, several front-to-back stacking wafer-to-wafer bonding are performed.
Please note memory units 120, 220 of the memory devices 100, 200 are grouped into several vertical group of the memory units G1˜G8. Each of the vertical group of the memory units G1/G2/G3/G4/G5/G6/G7/G8 may comprise a plurality of the memory units 120, 220 overlapped along a vertical direction. Each of signal channels, constructed by the conductive interconnects 120B, 220B and TSV 220C in a vertical group of the memory units G1/G2/G3/G4/G5/G6/G7G8 is dedicated to transmit signals from the processing device 300 to the vertical group of the memory units G1/G2/G3/G4/G5/G6/G7/G8 and vice versa.
As shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B and 5, because the memory device 100 is adapted to be stacked vertically with, at least partially and preferably entirely overlapped, the processing device 300/400, the maximum number of conductive interconnects therebetween may be increased, and therefore a great potential for the bandwidth may be carried out. The upper limit of the number may be increased up to the square of the quotient of a chip width of the memory device or the processing device and a pitch of the interconnects between the memory device and the processing device. Preferably, the bandwidth may be increased up to a thousand times but the power reduced to a fraction of those of a traditional HBM. Specifically, in some embodiments, a bandwidth density ratio of 2 GBps/64 Mb or 32 GBps/1 Gb or greater may be presented.
Please refer to FIG. 6, which shows a flow chart of a method to assemble a microelectronic package according to an embodiment of the present invention. The microelectronic package may comprise a plurality of memory devices and a processing device. The method may comprise a step of performing a wafer bonding process to stack a plurality of memory devices vertically with one another, wherein each of the memory devices comprises a substrate and a plurality of memory units (S110). The substrate may present a front surface and a back surface. Each of the memory units, formed on the front surface, comprises a plurality of memory cells and a plurality of conductive interconnects electrically connected to the memory cells. The method may further comprise a step of stacking a processing device vertically with the memory devices and electrically connected to the conductive interconnects (S120). The step may be performed by a wafer bonding process. In in each of the memory units, the conductive interconnects contribute to a plurality of signal channels each of which is dedicated to transmit signals from the processing device to one of the memory units and vice versa.
Therefore, compared with one of conventional technologies, the novel and comparatively simple structure and assembly procedure in which a memory device is adapted to be stacked vertically, at least partially overlapped, with a processing device according to the present invention, a great potential for the bandwidth may be carried out. A solution to enlarge the upper limit of the bandwidth of a memory device or a microelectronic package having the same may present. Further, an interposer or a package substrate may be no longer required, the memory device may be integrated with the processing device, or the memory device may be assembled with the processing device by a wafer bonding process. Preferably, the cost may be reduced. Additionally, with dividing a memory device into a plurality of repeated memory units formed on the substrate, pieces of physical memory space may be presented for scalability to meet various needs of applications.
While various embodiments in accordance with the disclosed principles are described above, it should be understood that they are presented by way of example only, and are not limiting. Thus, the breadth and scope of example embodiment(s) should not be limited by any of the above-described embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the claims and their equivalents issuing from this disclosure. Furthermore, the above advantages and features are provided in described embodiments, but shall not limit the application of such issued claims to processes and structures accomplishing any or all of the above advantages.
Additionally, the section headings herein are provided for consistency with the suggestions under 37 C.F.R. 1.77 or otherwise to provide organizational cues. These headings shall not limit or characterize the invention(s) set out in any claims that may issue from this disclosure. Specifically, a description of a technology in the “Background” is not to be construed as an admission that technology is prior art to any invention(s) in this disclosure. Furthermore, any reference in this disclosure to “invention” in the singular should not be used to argue that there is only a single point of novelty in this disclosure. Multiple inventions may be set forth according to the limitations of the multiple claims issuing from this disclosure, and such claims accordingly define the invention(s), and their equivalents, that are protected thereby. In all instances, the scope of such claims shall be considered on their own merits in light of this disclosure, but should not be constrained by the headings herein.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of assembling a microelectronic package, comprising: stacking a processing device vertically with at least one memory device and electrically connecting the processing device to a plurality of conductive interconnects of one of the at least one memory device; wherein each of the at least one memory device comprises: a substrate, presenting a front surface and a back surface; and a plurality of memory units formed on the front surface, each of which comprises a plurality of memory cells and the conductive interconnects electrically connected to the memory cells; arranging the conductive interconnects to contribute to a plurality of signal channels each of which dedicated to transmit signals from the processing device to one of the memory units and vice versa; and forming the conductive interconnects comprising a plurality of through silicon vias extending to the back surface of the substrate.
2. The method of assembling a microelectronic package according to claim 1, wherein the step of stacking a processing device vertically with at least one memory device further comprises: stacking the processing device with the at least one memory device such that the processing device is partially overlapped with the at least one memory device.
3. The method of assembling a microelectronic package according to claim 1, wherein the step of stacking a processing device vertically with at least one memory device further comprises: stacking the processing device with the at least one memory device such that the processing device is entirely overlapped with the at least one memory device.
4. The method of assembling a microelectronic package according to claim 1, further comprising a step of: forming the conductive interconnects comprising a plurality of conductive contacts extending to the front surface of the substrate.
5. A method of assembling a microelectronic package, comprising: stacking a processing device vertically with at least one memory device and electrically connecting the processing device to a plurality of conductive interconnects of one of the at least one memory device; wherein each of the at least one memory device comprises: a substrate, presenting a front surface and a back surface; and a plurality of memory units formed on the front surface, each of which comprises a plurality of memory cells and the conductive interconnects electrically connected to the memory cells; arranging the conductive interconnects to contribute to a plurality of signal channels each of which dedicated to transmit signals from the processing device to one of the memory units and vice versa; and stacking the least one memory device vertically with another memory device with a wafer bonding process.
6. The method of assembling a microelectronic package according to claim 5, wherein the wafer bonding process is a front-to-back stacking wafer-to-wafer bonding process.
7. A method of assembling a microelectronic package, comprising: stacking a processing device vertically with at least one memory device and electrically connecting the processing device to a plurality of conductive interconnects of one of the at least one memory device; wherein each of the at least one memory device comprises: a substrate, presenting a front surface and a back surface; and a plurality of memory units formed on the front surface, each of which comprises a plurality of memory cells and the conductive interconnects electrically connected to the memory cells; arranging the conductive interconnects to contribute to a plurality of signal channels each of which dedicated to transmit signals from the processing device to one of the memory units and vice versa; and cutting along with a plurality of scribelines dividing the memory units.
8. The method of assembling a microelectronic package according to claim 1, further comprising a step of: forming the shape and size of the processing device being substantially the same as those of the at least one memory device.
9. A method of assembling a microelectronic package, comprising: stacking a processing device vertically with at least one memory device and electrically connecting the processing device to a plurality of conductive interconnects of one of the at least one memory device; wherein each of the at least one memory device comprises: a substrate, presenting a front surface and a back surface; and a plurality of memory units formed on the front surface, each of which comprises a plurality of memory cells and the conductive interconnects electrically connected to the memory cells; and arranging the conductive interconnects to contribute to a plurality of signal channels each of which dedicated to transmit signals from the processing device to one of the memory units and vice versa; wherein the step of stacking the processing device vertically with the at least one memory device and electrically connected to the conductive interconnects is performed with a wafer bonding process.
10. The method of assembling a microelectronic package according to claim 9, wherein the wafer bonding process is a front-to-back stacking wafer-to-wafer bonding process.
11. The method of assembling a microelectronic package according to claim 9, wherein the step of stacking the processing device vertically with the at least one memory device and electrically connected to the conductive interconnects comprises: forming a plurality of through silicon vias in the processing device; forming a plurality of conductive contacts on a front surface of the processing device; and electrically connecting the conductive interconnects of the at least one memory device to the conductive contacts of the processing device.
12. The method of assembling a microelectronic package according to claim 11, further comprising: forming a plurality metal bumps on a back surface of the processing device to electrically connect to the through silicon vias in the processing device.
13. The method of assembling a microelectronic package according to claim 9, wherein the step of stacking the processing device vertically with the at least one memory device and electrically connected to the conductive interconnects comprises: forming a plurality of conductive contacts on a front surface of the processing device; electrically connecting the conductive interconnects of the at least one memory device to the conductive contacts of the processing device; and thinning a back surface of the processing device after electrically connecting the conductive interconnects of the at least one memory device to the conductive contacts of the processing device; and forming a plurality of through silicon vias through the back surface of the processing device after thinning the processing device.
14. The method of assembling a microelectronic package according to claim 13, further comprising: forming a plurality metal bumps on the back surface of the processing device to electrically connect to the through silicon vias in the processing device.
15. The method of assembling a microelectronic package according to claim 9, wherein the wafer bonding process is a front-to-front stacking wafer-to-wafer bonding process.
16. A method of assembling a microelectronic package, comprising: stacking a processing device vertically with at least one memory device and electrically connecting the processing device to a plurality of conductive interconnects of one of the at least one memory device; wherein each of the at least one memory device comprises: a substrate, presenting a front surface and a back surface; and a plurality of memory units formed on the front surface, each of which comprises a plurality of memory cells and the conductive interconnects electrically connected to the memory cells; arranging the conductive interconnects to contribute to a plurality of signal channels each of which dedicated to transmit signals from the processing device to one of the memory units and vice versa; and stacking a plurality of memory devices vertically in between the processing device and the at least one memory device.
17. The method of assembling a microelectronic package according to claim 16, further comprising: for each of the plurality of memory devices vertically stacked in between the processing device and the at least one memory device, forming a plurality of through silicon vias extending to the back surface of the substrate from the memory units.
18. The method of assembling a microelectronic package according to claim 16, further comprising: for two adjacent memory devices in the plurality of memory devices vertically stacked in between the processing device and the at least one memory device, forming a plurality of second conductive interconnects in between the two adjacent memory devices such that the two adjacent memory devices are electrically connected with each other.
19. The method of assembling a microelectronic package according to claim 18, wherein the second conductive interconnects formed in between the two adjacent memory devices have one ends in contact with the front surface of one of the two adjacent memory devices and the other ends in contact with the back surface the other one of the two adjacent memory devices..
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US-23269405-A_1
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USPTO
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Open Government
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Public Domain
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None
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English
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| 5,249 | 6,699 |
Kits comprising a plurality of bite ramps having different angles for orthodontic treatment
ABSTRACT
A bite ramp includes a tooth-attachment element and ramp element. The tooth-attachment element is sized and configured for bonding to the lingual surface of a person's tooth, while the ramp element may be either fixed or else hingedly or bendably adjustable relative to the tooth-attachment element. The ramp element provides a ramp at a desired angle for engaging a corresponding tooth of the opposite dental arch when the person's mouth is closed. The engagement between the ramp element and the corresponding tooth of the opposite dental arch may cause the lower jaw to move forward, rearwardly, or not at all relative to the upper jaw, thereby incrementally correcting a deep bite or other abnormal orthodontic condition. A kit may be provided that includes multiple bite ramps, at least two of which initially include different ramp angles.
RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/835,963, filed Apr. 30, 2004 pending and titled “ADJUSTABLE BITE RAMPS FOR DEEP BITE CORRECTION AND KITS INCORPORATING BITE RAMPS,” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/837,477, filed Apr. 30, 2004 pending and titled “METHOD OF CORRECTING A DEEP BITE CONDITION USING ADJUSTABLE BITE RAMPS,” each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. The Field of the Invention
The present invention is in the field of orthodontics, more particularly to apparatus and methods for the correction of a variety of orthodontic conditions, including, e.g., class II malocclusions, class III malocclusions, and/or “deep bite,” also known as “overbite”.
2. The Relevant Technology
Orthodontics is a specialized field of dentistry that involves the application of mechanical forces to urge poorly positioned, or crooked, teeth into correct alignment and orientation. Orthodontic procedures can be used for cosmetic enhancement of teeth, as well as medically necessary movement of teeth or the jaw to correct underbites or overbites. For example, orthodontic treatment can improve the patient's occlusion, or enhanced spatial matching of corresponding teeth.
A Class II malocclusion occurs when the first molar of the lower dental arch is distal relative to the first molar of the upper dental arch. Class II malocclusions often also result in a condition where the upper incisors are positioned excessively anterior (e.g., more than about 1 mm) of the lower incisors when the teeth are occluded. This condition is often referred to as “overjet”.
A Class III malocclusion occurs when the first molar of the lower dental arch is anterior relative to the first molar of the upper dental arch. A Class III malocclusion can result in a condition where the lower incisors are positioned anterior of the upper incisors when the teeth are occluded. This condition is sometimes referred to as a “negative overjet”.
Overbite, also known as “deep bite,” occurs when there is excessive vertical overlap of the incisors. Any of these conditions can result in increased wear of the incisors or other teeth, periodontal problems, increasingly visible gum tissue, and increased instances of the patient biting the roof of their mouth or other soft tissues. In addition, correction of such conditions often results in a more aesthetically appealing smile for the patient.
Depending on the severity of the condition, correction can sometimes be achieved with installation and use of dental braces and/or bite openers and elastics, although orthognathic surgery is sometimes required. Installation of dental braces can be ineffective in effecting sufficient movement of the jaw, existing bite openers and elastics are often intrusive, complex, and uncomfortable, and orthognathic surgery is expensive, invasive, and uncomfortable, especially from a patient's perspective.
Therefore, there exists a need for devices and kits that can be used to provide less expensive, simpler, less invasive orthodontic correction.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The bite ramps of the present invention include a tooth-attachment element and a ramp element. The tooth-attachment element is sized and configured for bonding to the lingual surface of a person's tooth (e.g., an upper or lower incisor and/or canine), while the ramp element is either fixed or hingedly or bendably adjustable relative to the tooth-attachment element.
The ramp element provides a ramp structure at a desired angle for engaging the corresponding teeth of the opposite dental arch (e.g., the upper or lower incisors and/or canines) when the person's mouth is closed. In one embodiment, the engagement between the ramp structure and the corresponding teeth of the opposite dental arch causes the lower jaw to move forward relative to the upper jaw, while also disoccluding the lateral teeth and allowing a new neutral occlusion. The bite ramps may also be used in combination with class II elastics to assist in moving the lower jaw forward. In other embodiments, the ramp structure may be angled so as to prop open the jaw in a desired manner without moving the jaw, or even move the lower jaw rearwardly relative to the upper jaw.
The bite ramps according to one embodiment are adjustable and may be made from metal, plastic, or another somewhat flexible material so as to allow adjustment of the ramp element. Suitable metals include stainless steel, titanium, and titanium alloys. Preferably, any metals used are nickel free or have a low nickel content so as to avoid patient sensitivity which can sometimes be caused by nickel. According to one embodiment, the adjustable ramps may be injection molded from a plastic.
The adjustable bite ramps may further comprise means for locking the ramp element in a desired adjustment angle relative to the tooth-attachment element. An example of such a means for locking is a curable resin that is applied to and cured between the tooth-attachment and ramp elements. The cured resin locks the ramp element in a desired adjustment angle, and provides a more comfortable surface for the patient's tongue and soft tissues.
According to another embodiment, an optional shoe may be placed over the bite ramp. The shoe may be bonded to the bite ramp with an adhesive. In use, the lower surface of the shoe provides the ramp for engaging the corresponding tooth of the opposite dental arch. The upper surface provides a smoother surface within the patient's mouth (e.g., to provide enhanced comfort and/or to help prevent buildup of plaque or other foreign matter).
An exemplary method of use involves providing one or more adjustable bite ramps, bonding the bite ramps to the lingual surface of one or more of a person's top teeth (e.g., the front incisors), adjusting the bite ramps to provide a ramp structure at a desired angle for engagement with the corresponding teeth of the opposite dental arch (e.g., the lower incisors) when the mouth is closed, and locking the ramp element in the desired adjustment angle. According to one embodiment, the ramp angle is selected so that the engagement between the ramp element and the teeth of the opposite dental arch pulls the lower jaw forward, closing and correcting the “deep bite” condition. In other embodiments, the lower jaw may remain stationary or it may move rearwardly.
According to an alternative embodiment, the bite ramps may be provided in a kit comprising a plurality of bite ramps, which may be adjustable or fixed, having a plurality of a pre-selected angles. A fixed bite ramp includes a tooth-attachment element, a ramp element attached to the tooth-attachment element so as to provide a ramp structure at a fixed angle for engagement with a corresponding tooth of the opposite dental arch upon closing the patient's mouth. In the case where the kit includes adjustable bite ramps, it may also advantageously include means for locking the ramp element at a fixed angle relative to the tooth-attachment element. An exemplary kit of bite ramps may include a first fixed bite ramp having a ramp structure at a first fixed angle (e.g., an acute angle) and a second fixed bite ramp having a ramp structure at a second fixed angle (e.g., an obtuse angle, a different acute angle, or a right angle) that is different from the first fixed angle. In one kit, the included bite ramps may include ramp elements of different lengths.
These and other advantages and features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
To further clarify the above and other advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by references to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1A is a perspective view of an exemplary adjustable bite ramp according to the invention;
FIG. 1B is a perspective view of an alternative adjustable bite ramp according to the invention;
FIGS. 2A-2E depict installation of an adjustable bite ramp;
FIGS. 3A and 3B depict an optional shoe that may be used in association with an adjustable bite ramp;
FIGS. 4A and 4B depict an alternative optional shoe that may be used in association with an adjustable bite ramp; and
FIGS. 5-8 depict alternative exemplary kits including a plurality of bite ramps having different pre-selected angles.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
I. Introduction
The bite ramps of the present invention include a tooth-attachment element and a ramp element. The tooth-attachment element is sized and configured for bonding to the lingual surface of a person's tooth (e.g., an upper incisor), while the ramp element is either fixed or hingedly or bendably adjustable relative to the tooth-attachment element. The ramp element provides a ramp structure at a desired angle for engaging the corresponding tooth of the opposite dental arch (e.g., the lower incisor) when the person's mouth is closed. The engagement between the ramp and the corresponding teeth of the opposite dental arch props the lower jaw open relative to the upper jaw. Depending on the ramp angle, the bite ramp may cause the lower jaw to move forward relative to the upper jaw, remain stationary, or even move rearwardly relative to the upper jaw. In some cases, movement of the lower jaw may be assisted by the use of class II elastics attached to, e.g., the lower end molars and the upper canines.
II. Exemplary Adjustable Bite Ramps
FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary adjustable bite ramp 100. The adjustable bite ramp 100 includes a tooth-attachment element 102 and a ramp element 104. The tooth-attachment element 102 is configured for bonding to the lingual surface of a person's front tooth (e.g., one or more upper or lower incisors and/or canines). In the illustrated embodiment, the ramp element 104 is bendably adjustable relative to the tooth-attachment element 102. The adjustability of the ramp element 104 provides a ramp structure at a desired angle for engaging the corresponding tooth of the opposite dental arch upon closing the person's mouth.
The adjustable bite ramps 100 may be made from metal, plastic, or another suitable material (e.g., a strip crown) so as to allow adjustment of the ramp structure. Suitable metals include stainless steel, titanium, and titanium alloys. Preferably, any metals used are substantially nickel free or have a low nickel content so as to avoid patient sensitivity which can sometimes be caused by nickel. According to one embodiment, the adjustable ramps may be injection molded from a plastic. Use of a transparent or translucent plastic material may be advantageous as it allows a light curable resin to be cured through the plastic material. The plastic material may be rigid or soft. Examples of some suitable plastic materials include ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonates, and silicone.
FIG. 1B illustrates an alternative embodiment of an adjustable bite ramp 100′. Adjustable bite ramp 100′ includes a tooth-attachment element 102′ and a ramp clement 104. The tooth-attachment element 102′ comprises an underlying support structure 106 that is integrally attached to the ramp element 104 and that further includes a polymer cover 108 that is overmolded over at least a portion of the support structure 106. The support structure 106 may include holes or perforations (not shown) that aid in mechanically interconnecting the overmolded polymer cover 108 over the support structure 106. One purpose of the polymer cover 108 is to provide a bonding surface that is more chemically compatible with adhesive bonding agents that may be used to adhere the tooth-attachment element 102′ to a person's tooth during use. In addition, it provides a more comfortable surface for the soft tissues and the tongue when installed. The polymer cover 108 may optionally include undercuts (not shown) in order to promote better interaction and bonding between the polymer cover 108 and an adhesive. According to one embodiment, the polymer cover 108 may be curved to match the curvature of the lingual surface of an upper incisor (or other tooth).
III. Exemplary Method of Use
FIGS. 2A-2E illustrate an exemplary method of attaching the adjustable bite ramp 200 to a tooth. FIG. 2A shows an adhesive 210 being applied to the lingual surface of an upper incisor 212. The tooth-attachment element 202 of an adjustable bite ramp 200 is then positioned as desired on the lingual surface of incisor 212, as illustrated in FIG. 2B. Adhesive 210 may be any light or chemically curable adhesive resin known in the art of dentistry to adhere an appliance to a tooth.
The ramp element 204 of adjustable bite ramp 200 is then adjusted (e.g., by bending) to provide a ramp structure at a desired angle, as illustrated in FIG. 2C. Any suitable tool for adjusting the ramp angle may be used (e.g., pliers, probes, or even a finger).
Once the ramp element 204 has been adjusted as desired, the area between the tooth-attachment element 202 and ramp element 204 of adjustable bite ramp 200 may be filled with a light or chemically curable composition 214 (e.g., a filled composite resin used to fill teeth or a luting cement). The composition 214 is cured and hardened so as to lock the ramp element 204 in the desired adjustment angle relative to tooth-attachment element 202, as illustrated in FIG. 2D-2E. Such a curable composition 214 is an example of means for locking a ramp element in a desired adjustment angle relative to a tooth-attachment element. If desired, a translucent or transparent form (e.g., of silicone) may be used when filling the gap between the tooth-attachment element 202 and the ramp element 204. The form holds the uncured resin in place during curing. The transparency or translucency of the form allows curing of the resin through the form.
FIG. 2D also illustrates how the adjustable bite ramp 200, more particularly the ramp element 204, engages the lower incisor 216 as the person's mouth is closed. The engagement between the ramp element 204 and the lower incisor 216 applies a force causing a person's lower jaw to move forward relative to the upper jaw. Although described as placed and acting on the incisors, it is to be understood that the bite ramps may be placed on any teeth needed according to the treatment desired (e.g., the bite ramps may be useful in the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders).
The ramp element 204 of adjustable bite ramp 200 may be adjusted to provide a ramp structure at any desired angle. FIG. 2D illustrates the ramp element 204 having been adjusted so as to provide an oblique angle between the tooth-attachment element 202 and the ramp element 204. FIG. 2E alternatively illustrates a ramp element 204 having been adjusted so as to provide an acute angle between the tooth-attachment element 202 and the ramp element 204. The exact angle between the ramp element 204 and tooth-attachment element 202 may be selected depending on one or more of the relative positions of the upper and lower jaws, size of the person's teeth, angle of the teeth, desired degree of correction, and the like.
The adjustable bite ramps of the invention may optionally be used in combination with a shoe. FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate an optional shoe 320 for use with an adjustable bite ramp 300. The shoe 320 may be placed over the ramp element 304 of bite ramp 300, more particularly by inserting ramp element 304 into a receiving slot 322 in the shoe 320. The shoe 320 may be bonded to the adjustable bite ramp 300 by use of an adhesive. When used, a lower surface 324 of the shoe 320 provides a ramp surface for slidable engagement with the corresponding tooth of the opposite dental arch (e.g., the lower incisor). As illustrated, the upper surface of the shoe 320 may be rounded so as to provide a smooth surface for increased patient comfort and/or to prevent build-up of plaque or debris.
The shoe 320 may be adapted to form a flush fit against the person's incisor, more particularly, the tooth-attachment structure 302 of the bite ramp 300. After adjustment of the ramp element 304, a space may exist between the shoe 320 and the tooth-attachment element 302, which is advantageously filled with a curable composition 314.
FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an alternative embodiment of a shoe 420 that is used in the same manner as shoe 320 illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, except that the lower surface 424 of the shoe 420 is significantly longer than surface 324 of shoe 320. Providing an increased working length of the lower surface 424 may be desirable for treating more severe class II malocclusions.
During treatment, it may be desirable to begin treatment with a longer shoe 420 such as that illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4B. According to one embodiment, the shoe may be formed of a material (e.g., PEEK polyarylether ketone) that will form a weaker bond with the resin 414 used to fill space between the shoe 420 and tooth-attachment element 402 as compared to the bond between the tooth-attachment element 402 or an optional overmolded polymer cover (see FIG. 1B) (e.g., formed of a polymer such as TROGAMID nylon) and the filling Oz resin 414. Using such a material allows preferential separation of the shoe 420 from the filling resin 414. As treatment progresses, the lower jaw is pulled forward. Once the lower jaw has been pulled sufficiently forward, the longer shoe 420 may be removed and replaced with a shorter shoe, such as shoe 320 illustrated in FIG. 3A-3B, which is less intrusive within the mouth of the patient.
Alternatively, treatment may begin with a longer shoe, such as that illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4B, and once the lower jaw has been pulled sufficiently forward, the end of the shoe may be ground or cut so as to form a shoe of a shorter length, which is less intrusive within the mouth of the patient. In addition, the shorter adjustable bite ramp may be used to stabilize an opened bite that has been achieved by earlier treatment. Temporarily continuing use of such a bite ramp prevents the treated teeth from returning to their original untreated configuration.
The bite ramps according to the invention may optionally be used in combination with class II elastics to move the lower jaw in a desired manner (e.g., forward). According to one method, respective elastics are stretched between the lower end molars and the upper canines.
According to another embodiment, bite ramps according to the invention may include a magnet for interacting with another magnet which may be attached to a corresponding tooth of the opposite dental arch. The magnets can be used to force the teeth apart and/or apply a force to move the teeth as desired (e.g., to intrude a tooth).
IV. Kits Comprising a Plurality of Bite Ramps
In addition to providing adjustable bite ramps, the present invention also contemplates kits that include a plurality of bite ramps, each having a pre-selected angle. The bite ramps may be adjustable or fixed. A kit of fixed bite ramps may include a first fixed bite ramp having a ramp structure at a first fixed angle (e.g., an acute angle) and a second fixed bite ramp having a ramp structure at a second fixed angle (e.g., an obtuse angle, a different acute angle, or a right angle) that is different from the first fixed angle. Kits may include three or more bite ramps, each with different angles, or some having a first angle and others having one or more other angles. In addition, the bite ramps included in the kit may include ramp elements of different lengths (e.g., longer lengths may be useful for treating more severe class II malocclusions).
FIGS. 5-8 illustrate exemplary kits comprising a plurality of bite ramps. Each bite ramp includes a tooth-attachment element, a ramp element attached to the tooth-attachment element so as to provide a ramp structure at a pre-selected angle for engagement with a corresponding tooth of the opposite dental arch upon closing the patient's mouth. In the case of adjustable bite ramps, the kit may also include means for locking the ramp element at a fixed angle relative to the tooth-attachment element.
The kit 500′ of FIG. 5 includes bite ramps 500 a, 500 b, 500 c, 500 d, and 500 e having predetermined angles of 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150°, respectively. Although each bite ramp is illustrated with different predetermined angles, the kit may include ramps having any desired angle (e.g., two or more having the same angle). Each bite ramp within kit 500′ includes means for locking the ramp element at a fixed angle relative to the tooth attachment element. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the locking means comprises a curable resin (550 a, 550 b, 550 c, 550 d, and 550 e, respectively) between the tooth attachment element and the ramp element. A curable resin is one example of means for locking the ramp element at a fixed angle relative to the tooth-attachment element. The curable resin may be placed and cured during manufacture, or else it may be placed and cured by a dental practitioner during placement onto a person's teeth so placement and curing of the resin during installation allows for desired adjustment to one or more of the bite ramps.
FIG. 6 illustrates an alternative kit 600′ including bite ramps 600 a, 600 b, 600 c, 600 d, and 600 e having predetermined angles of 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150°, respectively. Although each bite ramp is illustrated with different predetermined angles, the kit may include ramps having any desired fixed angle (e.g., two or more having the same angle). Each bite ramp within kit 600′ includes means for locking the ramp element at a fixed angle relative to the tooth attachment element. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, the locking means comprises a shoe fitted and attached between the ramp element and tooth attachment element of each bite ramp. Each shoe (650 a, 650 b, 650 c, 650 d, and 650 e respectively) is configured to form a flush fit against the tooth-attachment structure ((602 a, 602 b, 602 c, 602 d, and 602 e respectively) of each bite ramp. Similar to the shoes illustrated and described with respect to FIGS. 3A-4B, each shoe (650 a, 650 b, 650 c, 650 d, and 650 e) includes a planar lower surface for engagement with a person's corresponding tooth of the opposite dental arch, and a rounded upper surface. The shoes are an alternative example of means for locking the ramp element at a fixed angle relative to the tooth attachment element. They may be pre-installed or installed during placement or use of the bite ramps.
FIG. 7 illustrates an alternative kit 700′ including fixed bite ramps 700 a, 700 b, 700 c, 700 d, and 700 e having fixed predetermined angles of 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150°, respectively. Although illustrated with different predetermined angles, the kit may include ramps having any desired angle (e.g., two or more may have the same angle). Each fixed bite ramp within kit 700′ includes means for locking the ramp element at a fixed angle relative to the tooth attachment element. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, the locking means comprises a fixed wedge (750 a, 750 b, 750 c, 750 d, and 750 e respectively) attached or formed between the ramp element and tooth attachment element of each bite ramp. The fixed wedges may be formed from the same or a different material than the tooth-attachment element and the ramp element. According to one embodiment, the fixed wedge, the tooth-attachment element, and the ramp element may be formed as a single piece (e.g., through injection molding a plastic). The fixed wedges are an alternative example of means for locking the ramp element at a-fixed angle relative to the tooth attachment element.
FIG. 8 illustrates an alternative kit 800′ including bite ramps 800 a, 800 b, 800 c, 800 d, and 800 e having predetermined angles of 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150°, respectively. Although illustrated with different angles, the kit may include ramps having any desired angle. In one embodiment, the bite ramps in kit 800′ are adjustable. In another embodiment, the bite ramps are substantially fixed by virtue of the thickness and/or material rigidity of the bite ramps. Thus, the locking means may comprise the thickness and/or material selected for the tooth-attachment element and the ramp element. For example, the fixed angle between the ramp element (804 a, 804 b, 804 c, 804 d, and 804 e respectively) and the tooth-attachment element (802 a, 802 b, 802 c, 802 d, and 802 e respectively) may be established by forming the ramp element and tooth-attachment element from a rigid material having a desired thickness sufficient to substantially maintain the ramp element at a fixed angle relative to the tooth attachment-element. The rigidity and thickness of the material maintains the fixed angle during orthodontic use. The rigidity and thickness of the material of the tooth-attachment element and the ramp element is an alternative example of means for locking the ramp element at a fixed angle relative to the tooth attachment element.
Although kits 500′, 600′, 700′, and 800′ have been described and illustrated as including five bite ramps at different angles, it is to be understood that the inventive kits may include two or more bite ramps, and may include any combination of ramp angles. Kits of bite ramps having ramps at various pre-selected angles allow an orthodontic practitioner to choose a bite ramp or ramps having a desired angle configured to move the lower jaw forward, backward, or not at all, depending on the angle(s) selected.
It is to be understood that any of the bite ramps disclosed herein can be configured and used to move the lower jaw forward or backward, or not at all, depending on the final configuration of the adjustable bite ramp(s).
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. For example, it may be desirable to use the adjustable bite ramps in treating medical joint problems. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
1. A kit for use in an orthodontic treatment, comprising: a plurality of bite ramps, each comprising: a first generally flat portion configured as a tooth-attachment element for bonding entirely behind a person's front tooth to the lingual surface thereof; and a second portion extending as an integral part of the first portion, the second portion being generally flat and bent relative to the second portion, the second portion of the bite ramp being configured so that once it is bent relative to the tooth-attachment element, it will be configured as a ramp that is bent at a desired angle for engagement with a corresponding tooth of the opposite dental arch upon closing the patient's mouth; wherein the kit includes a first bite ramp having a ramp structure at a first angle and a second bite ramp having a ramp structure at a second angle, said second angle being different from said first angle; and means for locking said ramp element at a fixed angle relative to said tooth-attachment element, and wherein said means for locking said ramp element comprises a shoe fitted and attached between said tooth-attachment element and said ramp element, said shoe having a substantially planar lower surface for engagement with a person's corresponding tooth of the opposite dental arch, and a rounded upper surface.
2. A kit as recited in claim 1, said first angle being such that said first bite ramp is able to cause a person's lower jaw to move forward relative to the person's upper jaw upon closing the person's mouth during use.
3. A kit as recited in claim 2, said second angle being such that said second bite ramp is also able to cause a person's lower jaw to move forward relative to the person's upper jaw upon closing the person's mouth during use.
4. A kit as recited in claim 1, said first angle being such that said first bite ramp is able to cause a person's lower jaw to move rearwardly relative to the person's upper jaw upon closing the person's mouth during use.
5. A kit as recited in claim 4, said second angle being such that said second bite ramp is also able to cause a person's lower jaw to move rearwardly relative to the person's upper jaw upon closing the person's mouth during use.
6. A kit as recited in claim 1, said first angle being such that said first bite ramp does not cause substantial movement of a person's lower jaw either forward or back relative to the person's upper jaw upon closing the person's mouth during use.
7. A kit as recited in claim 1, at least one of said first and second angles being an acute angle.
8. A kit as recited in claim 1, at least one of said first and second angles being an obtuse angle.
9. A kit as recited in claim 1, at least two of the bite ramps having bite ramps at right angles.
10. A kit as recited in claim 1, further comprising means for locking said ramp element at a fixed angle relative to said tooth-attachment element.
11. A kit as recited in claim 10, wherein said means for locking said ramp element comprises a curable composition for placement between said tooth-attachment element and said ramp element.
12. A kit as recited in claim 10, wherein said means for locking said ramp element comprises a fixed wedge attached or formed between said tooth-attachment element and said ramp element.
13. A kit as recited in claim 12, wherein said fixed wedge, said tooth-attachment element, and said ramp element are formed as a single piece.
14. A kit as recited in claim 10, wherein said means for locking said ramp element comprises the rigidity and/or thickness of the material of the tooth-attachment element and the ramp element..
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Adhesive cement having a butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer base
Patented Dec. 2c, 1949 ADHESIVE CEMENT HAVING A BUTADIENE- ACRYLONITRILE COPOLYMER BASE Eugene M. Chmiel, Detroit, Mich., assignor to Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company, St. Paul, Minn., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application December 7, 1943,
Serial No. 513,293
This invention relates to adhesive cements.
Natural rubber may be made to adhere well to various surfaces, even including polished metal surfaces, by the addition of tackiflers such as rosin, ester gum, coumarone-indene resins and the like. These same tackifiers have also proven useful in obtaining adhesion with various syn thetic rubbers, such as polyisobutylene, poly ethyl acrylate, and copolymers of butadiene and styrene. Copolymers of butadiene and acrylonitrile, however, have resisted all attempts to provide adhesiveness in this way. In spite of their many desirable properties, in particular their resistance to gasoline-type solvents (composed largely of aliphatic hydrocarbons), these polymers have therefore not found usefulness in providing base materials for the production of adhesive cements.
I have now discovered that adhesive cements having excellent and previously unexpected adhesion both to polished metal surfaces and to the surfaces of various synthetic rubbery polymers,
as well as to other surfaces, may be obtained by combining a properly compounded tough, nontacky, gasoline-insoluble, rubbery butadieneacrylonitrlle copolymer with a low-melting, gas oline-insoluble, compatible amino-aldehyde resin in a suitable volatile solvent. Such cements are particularly useful in adheslvely attaching vu1-- canized or unvulcanized synthetic rubbery poly mers, even including plasticized polymers, to smooth polished metal surfaces. They also possess excellent bonding action on polyvinyl resins, cork, fabric, wood and many other surfaces.
An object of my invention is therefore the production of an adhesive cement from a butadleneacrylonitrile copolymer base. A further object is the production of an adhesive cement which is insoluble in gasoline. Another object is the production of a gasoline-resistant surface coating which is adhesively bonded to a supporting mem bet, and which is substantially tackiree. Another object is the production of an adhesive cement which is not adversely affected by moderate extremes of heat or cold. A still further object is the production of an adequate cementh tious bond between such diverse surfaces as metal and synthetic rubber, metal and fabric, synthetic tion and the appended claims.
It is of course to be understood that by adhesive cement" I mean either a solution or dis 3 Claims. (01. 154-43) persion in a volatile liquid vehicle, or else the so dried residue remaining on evaporation of said vehicle, as will be apparent from the context. Thus the cement solution) is applied to the surfaces to be joined as a liquid; after evaporation of the vehicle,- the cement (dried residue) re mains as a firmly bonded film.
In producing a preferred embodiment of my invention, I may use the following formula, in which all parts are by weight. r
Ethylene dichloride 440 The butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer is prepared by known methods from butadiene and acrylonitrile in approximately a 74:26 ratio, and is a tough, elastic gasoline-insoluble rubbery solid. Chemigum I, sold by Goodyear Tire 8: Rubber C0,, is a good example of a suitable copol ymer of this type. Aldol-alpha-naphthylamine is a cherry-red, brittle, low melting resinous product insoluble in gasoline and compatible with I the butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, and commonly used in small percentages as an antioxidant for rubber goods. Age-Rite Resin, sold by R. T. Vanderbilt Co., is a good commercial ex ample of such a product.
A good commercial example of the glycerine ester, mentioned in the formula, is Vinsol Ester Gum, made and sold by Hercules Powder Co. This resin may be characterized as a polyhydric.
alcohol ester of an alcohol-soluble resin obtained by extracting pine wood with a coal tar hydrocarbon to produce an extract containing coal tar hydrocarbon, volatile materials such as turpentine, and normally solid resinous materials, evaporating the coal tar hydrocarbon and volatile portions of the extract to produce a solid residue, extracting rosin from said residue with a light petroleum hydrocarbon, separating the said rosin extract from the remaining insoluble residue and recovering the said insoluble residue. It is quite difierent'than the ordinary ester gum made by reacting glycerine and wood rosin, especially in respect to gasoline solubility, being substantially insoluble in light petroleum hydrocarbons.
Small particle size, easily dispersible varieties of zinc oxide, sulfur, and carbon black are pre ferred.
The butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (Chemigum I) is milled on a rubber mill, with addition of the dibenzyl ether, a non-volatile plasticizer, to soften the stock and permit easier milling. The zinc oxide, sulfur, and carbon black are milled in, and the stock removed from the mill and stored at room temperature. After 24 hours, it is again milled for 15 minutes; this process is repeated twice more. After the final milling, the stock is immediately cut into small pieces and placed in a churn containing the solvent, i. e. the ethylene dichloride. The resinous components are then added and churning is continued until a smooth homogeneous solution or dispersion is obtained.
Softening of the polymer, or use of an originally soft variety, is important in order to obtain satisfactory incorporation of the pigments and sulfur on the mill, and also to insure a smooth, stable solution or dispersion. Zinc oxide and sulfur provide for curing or strengthening of the cement after it has been applied and the solvent evaporated. Carbon black likewise acts as a strengthening agent and, in addition, gives desired color. The effect of variations in these and similar ingredients on the properties of synthetic polymers will be understood by those skilled in the art.
Aldol alpha naphthylamine (Age Rite Resin) is commonly used in rubber compounds as an anti-oxidant or anti-ager. For such use, amounts of the order of 0.5-2.0 parts per 100 parts of rubber are recommended. It has been found, however, that much larger amounts, such as -20 parts per hundred, based on the butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer, provide the entirely unexpected result of imparting tackiness to the mixture. At the same time, however, the film strength of the cement is weakened. But I have been able to offset this effect by adding a hard, high melting, gasoline-insoluble resin which will improve the film strength without greatly reducing the adhesion. Vinsol Ester Gum is preferred for this use; however, resins such as alkyd or phenolic resins may be substituted for some less critical uses. Where resistance to gasoline is not required, hard coumarone-wood indene resins, or even rosin or ordinary ester gum, may in some cases be used. The amount of strengthening resin which may be added to the composition depends on the properties of the individual resin as well as on the requirements of the cement as to adhesion, solvent resistance, and eifect of temperature; where Vinsol Ester Gum is to be used in conjunction with Age-Rite Resin, the weight of the former should preferably be not greater than three times the weight of the latter.
Ethylene dichloride is not readily inflammable, and is readily volatile; it is therefore preferred in most cases. However,other suitable solvents may be used without departingirom the scope of my invention; for example, methyl ethyl ketone may be used. Likewise, the amount of solvent may be varied within-wide limits, depending on the viscosity required in the particular use to which the cement is to be put. Thus, spray application will ordinarily. require a higher percentage of solvent than will application by brush, trowel, or rolls.
available as highly useful adhesives. Also it makes available adhesive compositions having a new and advantageous combination of properties.
While the invention has been described and illustrated in various details, it will be understood that this is by way of exemplification and not by way of limitation. All variations and embodiments within the broad scope of my in-' vention, and which distinguish overthe prior art, are comprehended.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. An adhesive cement consisting essentially of parts of a compounded base containing at least 80% of a rubbery copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile, 20 parts of a resinous ester, 10-
parts of aldol -alpha-naphthylamine, and an amount of a volatile vehicle suificient to provide spreadability of the cement; said resinous ester being the glycerine ester of an alcohol-soluble, substantially gasoline-insoluble resinous extract of pine wood obtained by extracting said pine wood with a coal tar hydrocarbon to produce an extract containing coal tar hydrocarbon, volatile materials such as turpentine, and normally solid resinous materials, evaporating the coal tar hydrocarbon and volatile portions of the extract to produce a solid residuum, extracting rosin from said residue with a light petroleum hydrocarbon, separating the said rosin extract from the then remaining insoluble residue and recovering the said insoluble residue.
2. An adhesive cement composition capable of forming a self-adherent bond to smooth metal surfaces when deposited and dried in contact therewith, comprising, in solution in a volatile solvent, parts of a rubbery copolymer of monomers consisting substantially of butadiene and acrylonitrile, from 10 to 20 parts of aldolalpha-naphthylamine, and an amount of a resinous ester sufiieient to provide improved film strength but not more than about three times that of said aldol alpha naphthylamine; said resinous ester being the glycerine ester of an alcohol soluble, substantially gasoline-insoluble resinous extract of pine wood obtained by ex tracting said pine wood with a coal tar hydrocarbon to produce an extract containing coal tar hydrocarbon, volatile materials such as turpentine, and normally solid resinous materials, evaporating the coal tar hydrocarbon and volatile portions of the extract to produce a solid residuum, extracting rosin from said residue with a light petroleum hydrocarbon, separating the said rosin extract from the then remaining insoluble residue and recovering the said insoluble residue. 3. A composite structure comprising a metal body and another solid body maintained in fixed relationship to each other by an interspersed thin layer of an adhesive cement adhesively selfbonded to a surface of the metal body and the other solid body and consisting of the dried residue of the adhesive cement of claim 1.
EUGENE M. CHMIEL.
(References on following page) REFERENCES CITED v FOREIGN PATENTS The following references are of record 111 the Number Country Date me or this patent: 705,104 Germany "1.--- Apr. 17, 1941 UNITED STATES mm 5 OTHER REFERENCES 4 Number Name Date Pages 55, 58, 59, and 64 of article by Stocklln,
2,114,393 Lane Apr. 19, 9 Trans. Inst. of Rubber Ind., vol. 15, June 1939.
2,193,026 Hall Mar. 13. 1 The Vanderbilt 1942 Rubber Handbook, pub.
2,227,991 Wlnkelmann et a1. Jan. I, 1941 10 by R. T. Vanderbilt 00., N. Y., pp. 182, 232, 233 and 2,325,981 Sarbach Au!- 3. 1 3 318.
2,337,464 Hecht et a1. Dec. 21. 1943 2,340,699 Sarbach Rh. 1, 19.
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Dekanat Piątnica
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Dekanat Piątnica – jeden z 24 dekanatów w rzymskokatolickiej diecezji łomżyńskiej.
Parafie
W skład dekanatu wchodzi 7 parafii:
parafia Najświętszego Serca Jezusowego w Bronowie
parafia św. Stanisława Biskupa i Męczennika w Dobrzyjałowie
parafia św. Jakuba Apostoła w Drozdowie
parafia Znalezienia Krzyża Świętego w Małym Płocku
parafia Trójcy Przenajświętszej w Olszynach
parafia Przemienienia Pańskiego w Piątnicy Poduchownej
parafia św. Jana Chrzciciela w Wiznie.
Sąsiednie dekanaty
Jedwabne, Kobylin, Kolno, Łomża – św. Brunona, Łomża – św. Michała Archanioła, Mońki (archidiec. białostocka), Zambrów
Linki zewnętrzne
Dekanat na stronie diecezji łomżyńskiej
Przypisy
Piątnica
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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanyl%20phosphate%20de%20potassium
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Titanyl phosphate de potassium
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Le phosphate de titanyle et de potassium (KTiOPO4) ou KTP est un matériau couramment employé en optique non linéaire pour le doublage de fréquence de diode laser. On le retrouve ainsi dans des lasers de type Nd:YAG et d'autres lasers dopés au néodyme. Ce matériau a un seuil d'endommagement optique relativement élevé (~ ), avec de bonnes propriétés de non-linéarité optique et une grande stabilité thermique.
Il présente une structure cristalline de type orthorhombique. De plus, il montre une bonne transparence aux longueurs d'onde comprises entre 350 et et commence à devenir opaque vers .
Propriétés
Pour obtenir son indice de réfraction en fonction de la fréquence, l'équation empirique de Sellmeier peut être utilisée :
Titanyl phosphate de potassium périodiquement polarisé (PPKTP)
Le titanyl phosphate de potassium périodiquement polarisé (PPKTP, en anglais Periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate) est du KTP avec des régions de domaines alternés au sein du cristal pour des applications variées en optique non linéaire et en conversion de fréquence. Il peut être ajusté en longueur d'onde pour effectuer efficacement la génération de seconde harmonique, la génération de la fréquence somme et la génération de la fréquence différence. Les interactions optiques dans le PPKTP sont basées sur le , réalisé par la polarisation périodique du cristal, où une structure de domaines ferroélectriques régulièrement espacés avec des orientations alternées est créée dans le matériau.
Le PPKTP est utilisé couramment pour de conversions de fréquence de types 1 & 2 avec des longueurs d'onde de pompage de 730–3500 nm.
Les autres matériaux utilisés pour la polarisation périodique sont des cristaux inorganiques à large bande interdite comme le niobate de lithium (avec le niobate de lithium périodiquement polarisé, PPLN), le tantalate de lithium et certains matériaux organiques.
Références
Liens externes
KTP crystal (Potassium Titanyle Phosphate – KTiOPO4), sur cristalaser.flexit.fr
Phosphate
Composé du potassium
Composé du titane
Matériau optique non linéaire
Matériau ferroélectrique
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US-201313797064-A_2
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The optical unit 810, which includes an optical system, such as lenses,forms an image of a subject based on light reflected from the subject onthe pixel unit 10 (FIG. 1) of the image pickup element 100 in which aplurality of pixels is two-dimensionally arranged. The image pickupelement 100 outputs a signal corresponding to the optical image formedon the pixel unit 10 at a timing based on a signal supplied from thetiming control circuit unit 850. The signal output from the image pickupelement 100 is input to the image signal processing circuit unit 830,which is an image signal processing unit. The image signal processingcircuit unit 830 performs signal processing in accordance with a methoddetermined by a program or the like. The image signal processing circuitunit 830 may perform signal processing, such as bit shift/subtractiondescribed in FIGS. 3A to 3C, on the input signal. The signal obtainedthrough the processing performed by the image signal processing circuitunit 830 is sent to the recording/communication unit 840 as image data.The recording/communication unit 840 sends a signal used to form animage to the reproduction/display unit 870. The reproduction/displayunit 870 reproduces and displays movie or still images. Therecording/communication unit 840 also performs communication with thesystem control circuit unit 860 after receiving a signal from the imagesignal processing circuit unit 830 and performs an operation ofrecording a signal used to form an image on a recording medium, notillustrated.
The system control circuit unit 860 controls the operations of the imagepickup system 800 in an integrated fashion, and controls driving of theoptical unit 810, the timing control circuit unit 850, therecording/communication unit 840, and the reproduction/display unit 870.The system control circuit unit 860 also includes a storage device (notillustrated), for example, a recording medium. The storage device storesprograms necessary for controlling the operations of the image pickupsystem 800. Additionally, the system control circuit unit 860 supplies asignal for switching the driving mode in accordance with a useroperation within the image pickup system 800, for example. Specificexamples of the signal include a signal for changing a row to be read ora row to be reset, a signal for changing the angle of view in responseto electronic zooming, and a signal for shifting the angle of view inresponse to electronic image stabilizing. The timing control circuitunit 850 controls timings of driving the image pickup element 100 andthe image signal processing circuit unit 830 under control of the systemcontrol circuit unit 860.
As described above, according to the first and second exemplaryembodiments, the base signal of a pixel is compared with thehigh-resolution base-signal ramp signal VR regardless of whether theeffective signal of the pixel is a high-amplitude signal or alow-amplitude signal. After the level of the effective signal isdetermined, the ramp signal VH or VL suitable for the determined signallevel is selected. AD conversion data is obtained by performingsubtraction in which the ratio between resolutions of the effectivesignal and the base signal is corrected. In this way, a high precisionand an increase in the number of bits may be achieved.
In a dark image pickup environment, the pixel signal is likely to be alow-amplitude signal depending on an exposure condition and the speedrating may be increased by amplifying the pixel signal. In the firstexemplary embodiment, the amplifier circuit 20-1 may amplify the signalto increase the speed rating. When the signal is input from the pixelunit 10 to the comparator circuit 30-1 without being amplified, thespeed rating may be increased by changing the slopes of the rampsignals. In the first and second exemplary embodiments, the slopes ofthe ramp signals are not uniquely determined but the slopes of the rampsignals may be changed in accordance with a desired increase in thespeed rating. For example, when the speed rating is doubled, the slopesof the ramp signals may be controlled to be ½.
In the first and second exemplary embodiments described above, rampsignals that continuously change with respect to time are used asreference signals but signals of another type, such as reference signalsthat change stepwise, may be used.
Each of the exemplary embodiments described above is merely an examplefor carrying out the disclosure and the technical scope of thedisclosure should not be limited by these exemplary embodiments. Thatis, the disclosure may be carried out in various forms without departingfrom the technical spirit or major features thereof. For example,although ramp signals whose levels linearly change with respect to timeare described as reference signals, signals whose levels change stepwisemay be used.
While the disclosure has been described with reference to exemplaryembodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limitedto the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the followingclaims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompassall such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No.2012-082374 filed Mar. 30, 2012 and No. 2013-006147 filed Jan. 17, 2013,which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
What is claimed is:
1. A photoelectric conversion apparatus comprising:a plurality of pixels provided in a plurality of columns; a referencesignal generating unit configured to generate a first reference signaland a second reference signal, the first reference signal having a firstchanging rate with respect to time, and the second reference signalhaving a second changing rate with respect to time, wherein the firstchanging rate is smaller than the second changing rate; a plurality ofanalog-to-digital conversion units each provided for a corresponding oneof the plurality of columns, each of the plurality of analog-to-digitalconversion units being configured to convert a signal output from acorresponding pixel of the plurality of pixels into a digital signal bycomparing the signal and one of the first reference signal and thesecond reference signal; and a correction unit configured to correct thedigital signal based on an error in comparison to an ideal ratio of thefirst changing rate and the second changing rate.
2. The photoelectricconversion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the signal outputfrom the pixel includes a signal obtained through photoelectricconversion, wherein the analog-to-digital conversion unit compares acomparison level and a level of the signal output from the pixel,wherein a result of the comparison by the analog-to-digital conversionunit indicates that the level of the signal output from the pixel issmaller than the comparison level, the analog-to-digital conversion unitcompares the signal output from the pixel and the first referencesignal, and wherein a result of the comparison by the analog-to-digitalconversion unit indicates that the level of the signal output from thepixel is larger than the comparison level, the analog-to-digitalconversion unit compares the signal output from the pixel and the secondreference signal.
3. The photoelectric conversion apparatus according toclaim 1, further comprising a base signal generation unit configured tooutput a base signal, wherein the correction unit corrects the digitalsignal based on the signal output from the pixel, in accordance withrespective digital signals obtained by comparing the base signal and thefirst reference signal, and comparing the base signal and the secondreference signal.
4. The photoelectric conversion apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein each of the plurality of analog-to-digital conversionunits includes a counter, and wherein the counter serves as thecorrection unit.
5. An image pickup system comprising: the photoelectricconversion apparatus according to claim 1; and a signal processing unitthat processes a signal output from the photoelectric conversionapparatus.
6. The photoelectric conversion apparatus according to claim2, wherein a changing ratio of a reference signal is selected from amongtwo or more values, and wherein a period over which the reference signalchanges is longer when a larger slope is selected from among the two ormore values.
7. The photoelectric conversion apparatus according toclaim 6, wherein the signal output from the pixel further includes abase signal, and wherein each of the plurality of analog-to-digitalconversion units converts the base signal into a digital signal andthereafter converts the signal obtained through photoelectric conversioninto a digital signal.
8. The photoelectric conversion apparatusaccording to claim 1, further comprising an image signal processingcircuit unit configured to calculate the error using a digital signalobtained by converting a first analog signal by the first referencesignal, and a digital signal obtained by converting a second analogsignal, which has a same signal value as the first analog signal, by thesecond reference signal, and to output the error to the correction unit.9. A photoelectric conversion apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe ideal ratio is a ratio of the second changing rate to the firstchanging rate, and the ratio is 2 to n^(th) power (where “n” is anatural number of 1 or more).
10. A photoelectric conversion apparatuscomprising: a plurality of pixels provided in a plurality of columns; aplurality of analog-to-digital conversion units each provided for acorresponding one of the plurality of columns, each of the plurality ofanalog-to-digital conversion units being configured to convert a signaloutput from a corresponding pixel of the plurality of pixels into adigital signal at a resolution corresponding to a magnitude of thesignal; and a correction unit configured to correct the digital signalsgenerated by different resolutions between the plurality ofanalog-to-digital conversion units based on an error in comparison to anideal ratio of the different resolutions, wherein each of the pluralityof analog-to-digital conversion units generates the digital signal inaccordance with a reference signal that changes with respect to time,wherein the resolution is determined in accordance with a rate of changeof the reference signal with respect to time, wherein the signal outputfrom the pixel includes a signal obtained through photoelectricconversion, wherein each of the plurality of analog-to-digitalconversion units determines a slope of the reference signal used for thesignal obtained through photoelectric conversion, in accordance with aresult of comparing a level of the signal obtained through photoelectricconversion with a comparison level, wherein the slope of the referencesignal is selected from among two or more values, and wherein a periodover which the reference signal changes is longer when a larger slope isselected from among the two or more values.
11. The photoelectricconversion apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the signal outputfrom the pixel further includes a base signal, and wherein each of theplurality of analog-to-digital conversion units converts the base signalinto a digital signal and thereafter converts the signal obtainedthrough photoelectric conversion into a digital signal.
12. Thephotoelectric conversion apparatus according to claim 10, furthercomprising an image signal processing circuit unit configured tocalculate the error using a digital signal obtained by converting afirst analog signal by the first reference signal, and a digital signalobtained by converting a second analog signal, which has a same signalvalue as the first analog signal, by the second reference signal, and tooutput the error to the correction unit.
13. A photoelectric conversionapparatus according to claim 10, wherein the ideal ratio of thedifferent resolutions is a ratio of a first rate of change of thereference signal with respect to time to a second rate of change of thereference signal with respect to time, and the ratio is 2 to n^(th)power (where “n” is a natural number of 1 or more)..
| 37,709 |
https://github.com/aliyun/aliyun-openapi-net-sdk/blob/master/aliyun-net-sdk-quotas/Quotas/Transform/V20200510/GetQuotaApplicationResponseUnmarshaller.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,023 |
aliyun-openapi-net-sdk
|
aliyun
|
C#
|
Code
| 226 | 928 |
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Aliyun.Acs.Core.Transform;
using Aliyun.Acs.quotas.Model.V20200510;
namespace Aliyun.Acs.quotas.Transform.V20200510
{
public class GetQuotaApplicationResponseUnmarshaller
{
public static GetQuotaApplicationResponse Unmarshall(UnmarshallerContext _ctx)
{
GetQuotaApplicationResponse getQuotaApplicationResponse = new GetQuotaApplicationResponse();
getQuotaApplicationResponse.HttpResponse = _ctx.HttpResponse;
getQuotaApplicationResponse.RequestId = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.RequestId");
GetQuotaApplicationResponse.GetQuotaApplication_QuotaApplication quotaApplication = new GetQuotaApplicationResponse.GetQuotaApplication_QuotaApplication();
quotaApplication.Status = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.Status");
quotaApplication.DesireValue = _ctx.IntegerValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.DesireValue");
quotaApplication.QuotaActionCode = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.QuotaActionCode");
quotaApplication.QuotaName = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.QuotaName");
quotaApplication.ApplicationId = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.ApplicationId");
quotaApplication.Reason = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.Reason");
quotaApplication.AuditReason = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.AuditReason");
quotaApplication.QuotaDescription = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.QuotaDescription");
quotaApplication.ProductCode = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.ProductCode");
quotaApplication.QuotaArn = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.QuotaArn");
quotaApplication.ApplyTime = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.ApplyTime");
quotaApplication.ApproveValue = _ctx.FloatValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.ApproveValue");
quotaApplication.Dimension = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.Dimension");
quotaApplication.NoticeType = _ctx.LongValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.NoticeType");
quotaApplication.EffectiveTime = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.EffectiveTime");
quotaApplication.ExpireTime = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.ExpireTime");
quotaApplication.QuotaUnit = _ctx.StringValue("GetQuotaApplication.QuotaApplication.QuotaUnit");
getQuotaApplicationResponse.QuotaApplication = quotaApplication;
return getQuotaApplicationResponse;
}
}
}
| 47,678 |
https://github.com/nfco/netforce/blob/master/netforce_mfg/netforce_mfg/models/split_production.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
netforce
|
nfco
|
Python
|
Code
| 1,704 | 6,958 |
# Copyright (c) 2012-2015 Netforce Co. Ltd.
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
# DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
# OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE
# OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
from netforce.model import Model, fields, get_model
import time
import re
from netforce.access import get_active_company, get_active_user, check_permission_other
class SplitProduction(Model):
_name = "split.production"
_transient = True
_fields = {
"order_id": fields.Many2One("production.order", "Production Order", required=True),
"order_to_id": fields.Many2One("production.order", "To Production Order", required=True),
"product_list": fields.Json("Product List"),
"order_to_list": fields.Json("Production To List"),
"product_id": fields.Many2One("product", "Product"),
"planned_qty": fields.Decimal("Planned Qty", readonly=True),
"actual_qty": fields.Decimal("Actual Qty", readonly=True),
"split_qty": fields.Decimal("Split Qty"),
"split_qty2": fields.Decimal("Split Secondary Qty"),
"team_id": fields.Many2One("mfg.team", "Production Team"),
"remark": fields.Char("Remark"),
"ratio_method": fields.Selection([["planned", "Planned Qty"], ["actual", "Actual Qty"]], "Ratio Method", required=True),
"journal_id": fields.Many2One("stock.journal", "Journal", required=True, condition=[["type", "=", "internal"]]),
"container_id": fields.Many2One("stock.container", "Container"),
"lines": fields.One2Many("split.production.line", "wizard_id", "Lines"),
"remain_planned_qty": fields.Decimal("Remain Planned Qty", function="get_remain_planned_qty"),
"remain_actual_qty": fields.Decimal("Remain Actual Qty", function="get_remain_actual_qty"),
"approved_by_id": fields.Many2One("base.user", "Approved By", readonly=True),
}
def _get_planned_qty(self, context={}):
order_id = int(context["refer_id"])
order = get_model("production.order").browse(order_id)
return order.qty_planned
def _get_actual_qty(self, context={}):
order_id = int(context["refer_id"])
order = get_model("production.order").browse(order_id)
return order.qty_received
def _get_product(self, context={}):
order_id = int(context["refer_id"])
order = get_model("production.order").browse(order_id)
return order.product_id.id
def _get_container_id(self, context={}):
order_id = int(context["refer_id"])
order = get_model("production.order").browse(order_id)
return order.container_id.id
def _get_product_ids(self, context={}):
order_id = int(context["refer_id"])
order = get_model("production.order").browse(order_id)
prods = []
for comp in order.components:
prods.append(comp.product_id.id)
prods.append(order.product_id.id)
return prods
def _get_order_to_ids(self, context={}):
order_id = int(context["refer_id"])
order = get_model("production.order").browse(order_id)
order_to_ids = self.get_order_to_list(order.id)
return order_to_ids
_defaults = {
"order_id": lambda self, ctx: int(ctx["refer_id"]),
"planned_qty": _get_planned_qty,
"actual_qty": _get_actual_qty,
"product_id": _get_product,
"product_list": _get_product_ids,
"order_to_list": _get_order_to_ids,
#"split_parents": True,
"split_qty": 0,
"container_id": _get_container_id,
"ratio_method": "actual",
"remain_planned_qty": _get_planned_qty,
"remain_actual_qty": _get_actual_qty
}
def get_product_list(self, order_id):
prods = []
order = get_model("production.order").browse(order_id)
if order:
for comp in order.components:
prods.append(comp.product_id.id)
prods.append(order.product_id.id)
return prods
def get_product_ids(self, ids, context={}):
res = {}
prods = []
obj = self.browse(ids)[0]
order = obj.order_id
if order:
for comp in order.components:
prods.append(comp.product_id.id)
prods.append(order.product_id.id)
res[obj.id] = prods
return res
def get_order_to_list(self, order_id):
order_to_ids = [order_id]
order = get_model("production.order").browse(order_id)
order_parent = order.parent_id
while order_parent:
order_to_ids.append(order_parent.id)
order_parent = order_parent.parent_id
order_to_ids = list(set(order_to_ids))
return order_to_ids
def get_order_to_ids(self, ids, context={}):
res = {}
obj = self.browse(ids)[0]
order_id = obj.order_id.id
res[obj.id] = self.get_order_to_list(order_id)
return res
def get_remain_actual_qty(self, ids, context={}):
res = {}
obj = self.browse(ids)[0]
if obj.ratio_method == "actual":
total_qty = 0
for line in obj.lines:
total_qty += line.qty
res[obj.id] = obj.actual_qty - total_qty
else:
res[obj.id] = obj.actual_qty
return res
def get_remain_planned_qty(self, ids, context={}):
res = {}
obj = self.browse(ids)[0]
if obj.ratio_method == "planned":
total_qty = 0
for line in obj.lines:
total_qty += line.qty
res[obj.id] = obj.planned_qty - total_qty
else:
res[obj.id] = obj.planned_qty
return res
def onchange_order(self, context={}):
data = context["data"]
order_id = data["order_id"]
order = get_model("production.order").browse(order_id)
data["product_list"] = self.get_product_list(order_id)
data["product_id"] = order.product_id.id
data["order_to_list"] = self.get_order_to_list(order_id)
data["order_to_id"] = None
self.onchange_product(context)
return data
def get_split_num(self, root_num, context={}):
root_num = re.sub("-P[0-9][0-9]$", "", root_num)
for i in range(2, 100):
num = root_num + "-P%.2d" % i
res = get_model("production.order").search([["number", "=", num]])
if not res:
return num
raise Exception("Failed to generate production order number (root=%s)" % root_num)
def get_split_container(self, prev_cont_num, order_num, context={}):
part_no = order_num.rpartition("-")[2]
if not part_no or not part_no.startswith("P") or not len(part_no) == 3:
raise Exception("Can not find split part number of production order %s" % order_num)
new_cont_num = prev_cont_num + "-" + part_no
res = get_model("stock.container").search([["number", "=", new_cont_num]])
if res:
new_cont_id = res[0]
else:
vals = {
"number": new_cont_num,
}
new_cont_id = get_model("stock.container").create(vals)
return new_cont_id
def check_split_container(self, order_comp_id):
return True
def get_lot(self, new_lot_num, context={}):
res = get_model("stock.lot").search([["number", "=", new_lot_num]])
if res:
new_lot_id = res[0]
else:
vals = {
"number": new_lot_num,
}
new_lot_id = get_model("stock.lot").create(vals)
return new_lot_id
def copy_order(self, order_id, qty, team_id, remark):
order = get_model("production.order").browse(order_id)
old_order_num = order.number
new_order_num = self.get_split_num(old_order_num)
vals = {
"number": new_order_num,
"order_date": time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
"due_date": order.due_date,
"ref": order.ref,
"sale_id": order.sale_id.id,
"parent_id": order.parent_id.id,
"product_id": order.product_id.id,
"qty_planned": qty,
"uom_id": order.uom_id.id,
"bom_id": order.bom_id.id,
"routing_id": order.routing_id.id,
"production_location_id": order.production_location_id.id,
"location_id": order.location_id.id,
"team_id": team_id,
"remark": remark,
"state": order.state,
"components": [],
"operations": [],
"qc_tests": [],
}
if order.container_id:
vals["container_id"] = self.get_split_container(order.container_id.number, new_order_num)
if order.lot_id and order.lot_id.number == old_order_num: # XXX
vals["lot_id"] = self.get_lot(new_order_num)
ratio = qty / order.qty_planned
for comp in order.components:
comp_vals = {
"product_id": comp.product_id.id,
"qty_planned": round(comp.qty_planned * ratio, 2),
"uom_id": comp.uom_id.id,
"location_id": comp.location_id.id,
"issue_method": comp.issue_method,
"container_id": comp.container_id.id,
}
if comp.container_id and self.check_split_container(comp.id): # MTS need no need to split scrap box
comp_vals["container_id"] = self.get_split_container(comp.container_id.number, new_order_num)
# if comp.lot_id and comp.lot_id.number==old_order_num: # XXX
# comp_vals["lot_id"]=self.get_lot(new_order_num)
comp_vals["lot_id"] = comp.lot_id.id # Should be old number
vals["components"].append(("create", comp_vals))
for op in order.operations:
op_vals = {
"workcenter_id": op.workcenter_id.id,
"employee_id": op.employee_id.id,
"planned_duration": op.planned_duration * ratio,
}
vals["operations"].append(("create", op_vals))
for qc in order.qc_tests:
qc_vals = {
"test_id": qc.test_id.id,
}
vals["qc_tests"].append(("create", qc_vals))
new_id = get_model("production.order").create(vals)
return new_id
def modif_order(self, order_id, qty, team_id, remark):
order = get_model("production.order").browse(order_id)
ratio = qty / order.qty_planned
old_order_num = order.number
new_order_num = old_order_num + "-P01"
vals = {
"number": new_order_num,
"qty_planned": round(order.qty_planned * ratio, 2),
"team_id": team_id,
"remark": remark,
}
if order.container_id:
vals["container_id"] = self.get_split_container(order.container_id.number, new_order_num)
if order.lot_id and order.lot_id.number == old_order_num: # XXX
vals["lot_id"] = self.get_lot(new_order_num)
order.write(vals)
for comp in order.components:
vals = {
"qty_planned": round(comp.qty_planned * ratio, 2),
}
if comp.container_id and self.check_split_container(comp.id): # MTS no need to split scrap box
vals["container_id"] = self.get_split_container(comp.container_id.number, new_order_num)
# if comp.lot_id and comp.lot_id.number==old_order_num: # XXX
# vals["lot_id"]=self.get_lot(new_order_num)
vals["lot_id"] = comp.lot_id.id # Should be old number
comp.write(vals)
for op in order.operations:
vals = {
"planned_duration": op.planned_duration * ratio,
}
op.write(vals)
def split_order(self, order_id, ratios):
order = get_model("production.order").browse(order_id)
if order.state not in ("draft", "waiting_confirm", "waiting_material", "waiting_suborder", "ready", "in_progress"):
raise Exception("Invalid state to split order (%s)" % order.number)
for r in ratios[:1]:
split_ids = [(r[2], order_id)]
for r in ratios[1:]:
split_qty = order.qty_planned * r[0]
team_id = r[1]
remark = r[3]
split_id = self.copy_order(order.id, split_qty, team_id, remark)
split_ids.append((r[2], split_id))
r = ratios[0]
split_qty = order.qty_planned * r[0]
team_id = r[1]
remark = r[3]
self.modif_order(order.id, split_qty, team_id, remark)
for sub in order.sub_orders:
if sub.state not in ("draft", "waiting_confirm", "waiting_material", "waiting_suborder", "ready", "in_progress"):
continue
sub_split_ids = self.split_order(sub.id, ratios)
if sub.sub_orders:
split_ids += sub_split_ids
for i in range(len(sub_split_ids)):
sub_split_id = sub_split_ids[i][1]
split_id = split_ids[i][1]
get_model("production.order").write([sub_split_id], {"parent_id": split_id})
return split_ids
def do_split(self, ids, context={}):
obj = self.browse(ids)[0]
if not obj.approved_by_id:
raise Exception("Split order has to be approved first")
order = obj.order_id
if len(obj.lines) < 2:
raise Exception("Split needs at least 2 lines")
total_qty = sum(l.qty for l in obj.lines)
if not obj.ratio_method:
raise Exception("Please select ratio method")
if obj.ratio_method == "planned" and abs(total_qty - obj.planned_qty) > 0.01:
raise Exception("Total split qty has to be equal to planned qty")
if obj.ratio_method == "actual" and abs(total_qty - obj.actual_qty) > 0.01:
raise Exception("Total split qty has to be equal to actual qty")
ratios = []
if obj.ratio_method == "planned":
for line in obj.lines:
ratios.append((line.qty / obj.planned_qty, line.team_id.id, line.id, line.remark))
elif obj.ratio_method == "actual":
for line in obj.lines:
ratios.append((line.qty / obj.actual_qty, line.team_id.id, line.id, line.remark))
split_order = order
if obj.order_to_id:
# if obj.split_parents:
while split_order.parent_id:
split_order = split_order.parent_id
if split_order.id == obj.order_to_id.id:
break
split_order_ids = self.split_order(split_order.id, ratios)
# Combine Split Order
end_order = obj.order_id.parent_id
if obj.order_to_id and obj.order_to_id.parent_id:
end_order = obj.order_to_id.parent_id
if end_order:
comps = []
for end_sub in end_order.sub_orders:
for comp in end_order.components:
if comp.product_id.id == end_sub.product_id.id:
comps.append((comp.product_id.id, comp.location_id.id, comp.issued_method))
comp.delete()
comps = list(set(comps))
for prod_id, loc_id, issued_method in comps:
for end_sub in end_order.sub_orders:
if end_sub.product_id.id == prod_id:
vals = {
"order_id": end_order.id,
"product_id": end_sub.product_id.id,
"qty_planned": end_sub.qty_planned,
"uom_id": end_sub.uom_id.id,
"location_id": loc_id,
"issue_method": issued_method,
"lot_id": end_sub.lot_id.id,
"container_id": end_sub.container_id.id,
}
get_model("production.component").create(vals)
if obj.ratio_method == "actual":
self.split_transfer(split_order_ids=split_order_ids, split_prod_id=obj.id)
return {
"next": {
"name": "production",
},
"flash": "Order split successfully",
}
def split_transfer(self, split_order_ids, split_prod_id):
split_prod = get_model("split.production").browse(split_prod_id)
pick_vals = {
"type": "internal",
"journal_id": split_prod.journal_id.id,
"lines": [],
"done_approved_by_id": split_prod.approved_by_id.id
}
for split_line, split_order_id in split_order_ids:
split_order = get_model("production.order").browse(split_order_id)
for line in split_prod.lines:
cont_to_id = None
lot_id = None
if line.id == split_line:
if split_prod.product_id.id == split_order.product_id.id:
lot_id = split_order.lot_id.id
cont_to_id = split_order.container_id.id
else:
for comp in split_order.components:
if split_prod.product_id.id == comp.product_id.id:
lot_id = comp.lot_id.id
cont_to_id = comp.container_id.id
if cont_to_id:
break
if cont_to_id:
move_vals = {
"product_id": split_prod.product_id.id,
"qty": line.qty,
"uom_id": split_prod.product_id.uom_id.id,
"qty2": line.qty2,
"lot_id": lot_id,
"location_from_id": split_prod.order_id.location_id.id,
"location_to_id": split_prod.order_id.location_id.id,
"container_from_id": split_prod.container_id.id,
"container_to_id": cont_to_id,
}
pick_vals["lines"].append(("create", move_vals))
if len(pick_vals["lines"]) > 0:
pick_id = get_model("stock.picking").create(pick_vals, context=pick_vals)
get_model("stock.picking").set_done([pick_id])
split_order_ids.reverse()
for order_id in split_order_ids:
order = get_model("production.order").browse(order_id[1])
if order.parent_id:
order.parent_id.update_status()
def approve(self, ids, context={}):
if not check_permission_other("production_approve_split"):
raise Exception("Permission denied")
obj = self.browse(ids)[0]
user_id = get_active_user()
obj.write({"approved_by_id": user_id})
return {
"next": {
"name": "split_production",
"active_id": obj.id,
},
"flash": "Split order approved successfully",
}
def onchange_product(self, context={}):
data = context["data"]
order_id = data["order_id"]
order = get_model("production.order").browse(order_id)
prod_id = data["product_id"]
data["planned_qty"] = 0
data["actual_qty"] = 0
if order.product_id.id == prod_id:
data["planned_qty"] = order.qty_planned
data["actual_qty"] = order.qty_received
data["container_id"] = order.container_id.id
else:
for comp in order.components:
if comp.product_id.id == prod_id:
data["planned_qty"] = comp.qty_planned
data["actual_qty"] = comp.qty_stock
data["container_id"] = comp.container_id.id
data["remain_planned_qty"] = data["planned_qty"]
data["remain_actual_qty"] = data["actual_qty"]
return data
def add_lines(self, ids, context={}):
obj = self.browse(ids)[0]
if not obj.ratio_method:
raise Exception("Invalid Ratio Method")
remain = obj.remain_planned_qty if obj.ratio_method == "planned" else obj.remain_actual_qty
total_qty = 0
for line in obj.lines:
if line.product_id.id != obj.product_id.id \
or line.ratio_method != obj.ratio_method:
line.delete()
for line in obj.lines:
total_qty += line.qty
if obj.split_qty != 0 and remain + 0.001 >= obj.split_qty:
# part_no=len(obj.lines)+1
# cont_num=obj.container_id.number+"-P%.2d"%part_no
vals = {
"wizard_id": obj.id,
"ratio_method": obj.ratio_method,
"product_id": obj.product_id.id,
"qty": obj.split_qty,
"qty2": obj.split_qty2,
"team_id": obj.team_id.id,
"remark": obj.remark,
#"container_num": cont_num,
}
get_model("split.production.line").create(vals)
# part_no=1
# for line in obj.lines:
# cont_num=obj.container_id.number+"-P%.2d"%part_no
#line.write({"container_num": cont_num})
# part_no+=1
obj.split_qty = 0
obj.team_id = None
else:
raise Exception("Split Qty is too high!")
return {
"flash": "Add line success",
"focus_field": "split_qty"
}
def clear_lines(self, ids, context={}):
obj = self.browse(ids)[0]
obj.write({"lines": [("delete_all",)]})
return {
"flash": "Clear all split lines",
"focus_field": "split_qty"
}
SplitProduction.register()
| 8,058 |
https://github.com/IvelinMarinov/SoftUni/blob/master/04. C# Advanced - May2017/08. LINQ - Exercise/10. Group by Group/Student.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
SoftUni
|
IvelinMarinov
|
C#
|
Code
| 31 | 65 |
namespace _10.Group_by_Group
{
public class Student
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int Group { get; set; }
}
}
| 26,167 |
https://github.com/24i/vigour_hub.js-redis/blob/master/test/index.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
0BSD
| 2,017 |
vigour_hub.js-redis
|
24i
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 377 | 1,286 |
const hub = require('hub.js')
const redis = require('redis')
const test = require('tape')
test('cleanup the bucket', t => {
const client = redis.createClient({
url: process.env.COMPOSE_REDIS_URL
})
client.on('connect', () => {
client.del(['testBucket|false', 'testBucket|false|timeline'], () => {
t.pass('bucket deleted')
client.quit(() => {
t.end()
})
})
})
})
test('connection', t => {
const dataHub = hub({
port: 9595,
inject: require('../')
})
const client = hub({
url: 'ws://localhost:9595',
context: false
})
dataHub.set({
redis: {
bucket: 'testBucket',
url: process.env.COMPOSE_REDIS_URL
}
})
client.set({
someData: { to: 'test' },
someOther: 'data',
andAnother: { pathOne: 2, pathTwo: 1 },
refData: { pathRef: ['@', 'root', 'someOther'] }
})
dataHub.get(['redis', 'connected'])
.once(true)
.then(() => {
t.pass('dataHub is connected to redis')
return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
})
.then(() => {
client.set(null)
dataHub.set(null)
t.pass('object written to redis')
t.end()
})
})
test('load from redis', t => {
const dataHub = hub({
port: 9595,
inject: require('../')
})
const client = hub({
url: 'ws://localhost:9595',
context: false
})
dataHub.set({
redis: {
bucket: 'testBucket',
url: process.env.COMPOSE_REDIS_URL
}
})
dataHub.get('redis')
.load(false)
.then((loaded) => {
loaded.forEach(v => {
dataHub.get(v.path, v.val, v.stamp)
})
t.equals(
dataHub.get(['refData', 'pathRef', 'compute']),
'data',
'reference is restored well'
)
t.deepEqual(dataHub.serialize(), {
redis: { connected: true },
someData: { to: 'test' },
someOther: 'data',
andAnother: { pathOne: 2, pathTwo: 1 },
refData: { pathRef: ['@', 'root', 'someOther'] }
}, 'loaded correct data from redis')
client.set(null)
dataHub.set(null)
t.end()
})
})
test('remove from redis', t => {
const dataHub = hub({
port: 9595,
inject: require('../')
})
const client = hub({
url: 'ws://localhost:9595',
context: false
})
dataHub.set({
redis: {
bucket: 'testBucket',
url: process.env.COMPOSE_REDIS_URL
}
})
dataHub.get('redis')
.load(false)
.then((loaded) => {
loaded.forEach(v => {
dataHub.get(v.path, v.val, v.stamp)
})
return new Promise(resolve => client.subscribe({ someData: { val: true } }, resolve))
})
.then(() => {
client.get('someData').set(null)
return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
})
.then(() => {
client.set(null)
dataHub.set(null)
t.pass('object updated in redis')
t.end()
})
})
test('load again from redis', t => {
const dataHub = hub({
port: 9595,
inject: require('../')
})
const client = hub({
url: 'ws://localhost:9595',
context: false
})
dataHub.set({
redis: {
bucket: 'testBucket',
url: process.env.COMPOSE_REDIS_URL
}
})
dataHub.get('redis')
.load(false, dataHub.root())
.then(() => {
t.deepEqual(dataHub.serialize(), {
redis: { connected: true },
someOther: 'data',
andAnother: { pathOne: 2, pathTwo: 1 },
refData: { pathRef: ['@', 'root', 'someOther'] }
}, 'loaded correct data from redis')
client.set(null)
dataHub.set(null)
t.end()
})
})
| 29,222 |
JURITEXT000007363274
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Licence ouverte
| 1,998 |
Cour de Cassation, Chambre sociale, du 22 janvier 1998, 95-42.828, Inédit
|
INCA
|
French
|
Spoken
| 562 | 933 |
<br/> AU NOM DU PEUPLE FRANCAIS<br/>
<br/> LA COUR DE CASSATION, CHAMBRE SOCIALE, a rendu l'arrêt suivant :<br/>
<br/> Sur le pourvoi formé par M. Manuel X..., demeurant ..., en cassation d'un arrêt rendu le 4 avril 1995 par la cour d'appel d'Angers (3e chambre), au profit de la société SPGO, société anonyme, dont le siège est ..., défenderesse à la cassation ;<br/>
<br/> LA COUR, en l'audience publique du 26 novembre 1997, où étaient présents : M. Waquet, conseiller doyen faisant fonctions de président, Mme Lebée, conseiller référendaire rapporteur, MM. Ransac, Bouret, conseillers, M. Lyon-Caen, avocat général, Mme Marcadeux, greffier de chambre ;<br/>
<br/> Sur le rapport de Mme Lebée, conseiller référendaire, les conclusions de M. Lyon-Caen, avocat général, et après en avoir délibéré conformément à la loi ;<br/>
<br/> Attendu que M. X..., engagé le 16 mai 1989 par la société SPGO en qualité d'agent de surveillance, a été suspendu de ses fonctions le 22 juin 1993, convoqué le même jour à un entretien préalable et licencié pour faute lourde le 2 juillet 1993 ;<br/>
<br/> Sur le premier moyen :<br/>
<br/> Attendu que le salarié reproche à l'arrêt attaqué (Angers, 4 avril 1995) d'avoir dit que le licenciement était fondé sur une faute grave et de l'avoir débouté de sa demande de paiement de salaires pour la période de mise à pied, alors, selon le moyen, que la cour d'appel, en considérant que le fait d'avoir été suspendu de ses fonctions constituait une mise à pied conservatoire, et ce en l'absence de notification régulière d'une telle mise à pied, a violé l'article L. 122-41 du Code du travail ;<br/>
<br/> Mais attendu que les dispositions de l'article précité ne prévoient aucune forme particulière de notification d'une mise à pied conservatoire ; que la cour d'appel, qui a constaté que le salarié avait été suspendu de ses fonctions par un télex, qui annonçait l'envoi d'une lettre de convocation à l'entretien préalable, a pu décider que le salarié avait fait l'objet d'une mise à pied conservatoire ; que le moyen n'est pas fondé ;<br/>
<br/> Sur le second moyen :<br/>
<br/> Attendu que le salarié fait encore grief à l'arrêt d'avoir ainsi statué, alors, selon le moyen, que la lettre de licenciement n'énonçait pas de fait précis, ni de circonstances caractérisant la gravité des faits reprochés, de sorte qu'en relevant la gravité de la faute, la cour d'appel a violé les articles L. 122-14-2 et R. 122-18 du Code du travail ;<br/>
<br/> Mais attendu, d'abord, qu'il ressort de l'arrêt que la lettre de licenciement faisait état des manoeuvres effectuées par le salarié au cours de ses rondes afin d'en réduire le chemin et de sortir du bâtiment, ainsi qu'à sa mise hors veille de zones d'alarmes, que ces griefs précis, matériellement vérifiables, constituent le motif exigé par la loi ;<br/>
<br/> Attendu, ensuite, que la cour d'appel, qui a constaté que ces faits avaient été sanctionnés dès leur constatation, a pu décider que le comportement du salarié était de nature à rendre impossible le maintien de ce dernier dans l'entreprise pendant la durée du préavis et constituait une faute grave ;<br/>
<br/> Que le moyen n'est fondé en aucune de ses branches ;<br/>
<br/> PAR CES MOTIFS :<br/>
<br/> REJETTE le pourvoi ;<br/>
<br/> Condamne M. X... aux dépens ;<br/>
<br/> Ainsi fait et jugé par la Cour de Cassation, Chambre sociale, et prononcé par le président en son audience publique du vingt-deux janvier mil neuf cent quatre-vingt-dix-huit.<br/>
| 40,679 |
https://github.com/520github/enjoy-love/blob/master/src/main/java/com/enjoy/love/common/mq/enums/MQConsumeStatus.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| null |
enjoy-love
|
520github
|
Java
|
Code
| 16 | 147 |
package com.enjoy.love.common.mq.enums;
public enum MQConsumeStatus {
// 表示消费成功
SUCCESS,
// 表示消费失败，但是稍后还会重新消费此消息
LATER,
// 表示消费失败,但程序对该异常进行了处理(比如将此次失败的情况持久化至数据库，后续通过后台人工操作处理
HANDLED,
}
| 30,052 |
https://github.com/asitparida/uif-fabric/blob/master/lib/uif-fabric/uif-color-picker/index.ts
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,018 |
uif-fabric
|
asitparida
|
TypeScript
|
Code
| 4 | 16 |
export * from './uif-color-picker.models';
| 18,823 |
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svedvi
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Svedvi
|
https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Svedvi&action=history
|
Swedish
|
Spoken
| 51 | 145 |
Svedvi är en by, tillika kyrkby i Svedvi (Hallstahammar) socken, före detta Snevringe härad, Hallstahammars kommun i landskapet Västmanland.
Byn, som genomkorsas av länsväg U 621, består av enfamiljshus samt bondgårdar och är belägen runt Svedvi kyrka, cirka 3 kilometer sydost om Hallstahammar.
Externa länkar
Svedvi-Bergs hembygdsförening
Orter i Hallstahammars kommun
| 44,131 |
https://github.com/paralin/go-rift-api/blob/master/client/plugins/get_voice_chat_v2_devices_capture_permission_parameters.go
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
go-rift-api
|
paralin
|
Go
|
Code
| 407 | 1,236 |
// Code generated by go-swagger; DO NOT EDIT.
package plugins
// This file was generated by the swagger tool.
// Editing this file might prove futile when you re-run the swagger generate command
import (
"context"
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/go-openapi/errors"
"github.com/go-openapi/runtime"
cr "github.com/go-openapi/runtime/client"
strfmt "github.com/go-openapi/strfmt"
)
// NewGetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams creates a new GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams object
// with the default values initialized.
func NewGetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams() *GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams {
return &GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams{
timeout: cr.DefaultTimeout,
}
}
// NewGetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParamsWithTimeout creates a new GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams object
// with the default values initialized, and the ability to set a timeout on a request
func NewGetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParamsWithTimeout(timeout time.Duration) *GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams {
return &GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams{
timeout: timeout,
}
}
// NewGetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParamsWithContext creates a new GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams object
// with the default values initialized, and the ability to set a context for a request
func NewGetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParamsWithContext(ctx context.Context) *GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams {
return &GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams{
Context: ctx,
}
}
// NewGetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParamsWithHTTPClient creates a new GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams object
// with the default values initialized, and the ability to set a custom HTTPClient for a request
func NewGetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParamsWithHTTPClient(client *http.Client) *GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams {
return &GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams{
HTTPClient: client,
}
}
/*GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams contains all the parameters to send to the API endpoint
for the get voice chat v2 devices capture permission operation typically these are written to a http.Request
*/
type GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams struct {
timeout time.Duration
Context context.Context
HTTPClient *http.Client
}
// WithTimeout adds the timeout to the get voice chat v2 devices capture permission params
func (o *GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams) WithTimeout(timeout time.Duration) *GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams {
o.SetTimeout(timeout)
return o
}
// SetTimeout adds the timeout to the get voice chat v2 devices capture permission params
func (o *GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams) SetTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
o.timeout = timeout
}
// WithContext adds the context to the get voice chat v2 devices capture permission params
func (o *GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams) WithContext(ctx context.Context) *GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams {
o.SetContext(ctx)
return o
}
// SetContext adds the context to the get voice chat v2 devices capture permission params
func (o *GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams) SetContext(ctx context.Context) {
o.Context = ctx
}
// WithHTTPClient adds the HTTPClient to the get voice chat v2 devices capture permission params
func (o *GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams) WithHTTPClient(client *http.Client) *GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams {
o.SetHTTPClient(client)
return o
}
// SetHTTPClient adds the HTTPClient to the get voice chat v2 devices capture permission params
func (o *GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams) SetHTTPClient(client *http.Client) {
o.HTTPClient = client
}
// WriteToRequest writes these params to a swagger request
func (o *GetVoiceChatV2DevicesCapturePermissionParams) WriteToRequest(r runtime.ClientRequest, reg strfmt.Registry) error {
if err := r.SetTimeout(o.timeout); err != nil {
return err
}
var res []error
if len(res) > 0 {
return errors.CompositeValidationError(res...)
}
return nil
}
| 35,437 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13392055
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 1,369 | 4,788 |
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
soort uit het geslacht Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taxonomische rang soort
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum wetenschappelijke naam Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum is een taxon
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum moedertaxon Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum WoRMS-identificatiecode voor taxon 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum GBIF-identificatiecode 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum TAXREF-identificatiecode 654347
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum IRMNG-identificatiecode 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum Google Knowledge Graph-identificatiecode /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum verkorte naam
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum OBIS-identificatiecode 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum Open Tree of Life-identificatiecode 2958036
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum rang taxonomique espèce
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nom scientifique du taxon Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nature de l’élément taxon
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taxon supérieur Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identifiant des taxons - World Register of Marine Species 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identifiant Global Biodiversity Information Facility 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identifiant TAXREF (INPN) 654347
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identifiant Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identifiant du Google Knowledge Graph /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nom court
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identifiant Ocean Biodiversity Information System 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identifiant Open Tree of Life 2958036
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
species of crustacean
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taxon rank species
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taxon name Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum instance of taxon
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum parent taxon Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum WoRMS-ID for taxa 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum GBIF taxon ID 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum TAXREF ID 654347
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum IRMNG ID 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum Google Knowledge Graph ID /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum short name
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum OBIS ID 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum Open Tree of Life ID 2958036
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum livello tassonomico specie
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nome scientifico Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum istanza di taxon
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taxon di livello superiore Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificativo WoRMS 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificativo GBIF 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificativo IRMNG 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificativo Google Knowledge Graph /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nome in breve
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum categoría taxonómica especie
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nombre del taxón Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum instancia de taxón
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taxón superior inmediato Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador WoRMS 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador de taxón en GBIF 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador IRMNG 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador Google Knowledge Graph /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nombre corto
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador Open Tree of Life 2958036
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ordo species
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taxon nomen Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum est taxon
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum parens Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nomen breve
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Art der Gattung Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taxonomischer Rang Art
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum wissenschaftlicher Name Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ist ein(e) Taxon
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum übergeordnetes Taxon Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum WoRMS-Taxon-ID 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum GBIF-ID 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum INPN-TAXREF-ID 654347
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum IRMNG-ID 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum Google-Knowledge-Graph-Kennung /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum Kurzname
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum OBIS-Kennung 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum OTT-ID 2958036
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
вид ракообразно
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ранг на таксон вид
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum име на таксон Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum екземпляр на таксон
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum родителски таксон Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum IRMNG ID 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum кратко име
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum таксономический ранг вид
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum международное научное название Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum это частный случай понятия таксон
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ближайший таксон уровнем выше Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum идентификатор в Мировом реестре морских видов 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum идентификатор GBIF 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum TAXREF ID 654347
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum идентификатор IRMNG 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum код в Google Knowledge Graph /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum краткое имя или название
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum код Open Tree of Life 2958036
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
вид ракоподібних
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum таксономічний ранг вид
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum наукова назва таксона Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum є одним із таксон
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum батьківський таксон Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ідентифікатор WoRMS 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ідентифікатор у GBIF 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ідентифікатор TAXREF 654347
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ідентифікатор IRMNG 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum Google Knowledge Graph /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum коротка назва
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ідентифікатор OBIS 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ідентифікатор Open Tree of Life 2958036
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
especie de crustaceu
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum categoría taxonómica especie
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nome del taxón Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum instancia de taxón
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taxón inmediatamente superior Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nome curtiu
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
speiceas crústach
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum rang an tacsóin speiceas
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ainm an tacsóin Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum sampla de tacsón
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum máthairthacsón Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ainm gearr
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum rang taxonomic specie
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nume științific Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum este un/o taxon
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taxon superior Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificator Global Biodiversity Information Facility 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum Google Knowledge Graph ID /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nume scurt
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum categoria taxonómica espécie
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nome do táxon Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum instância de táxon
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum táxon imediatamente superior Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador World Register of Marine Species 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador Global Biodiversity Information Facility 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum IRMNG ID 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador do painel de informações do Google /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nome curto
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum kategoria systematyczna gatunek
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum naukowa nazwa taksonu Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
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Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identyfikator Światowego Rejestru Gatunków Morskich 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identyfikator GBIF 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identyfikator TAXREF 654347
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identyfikator IRMNG 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identyfikator Google Knowledge Graph /g/1hh_qmllq
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Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identyfikator Open Tree of Life 2958036
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
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Arcoscalpellum galapaganum đơn vị phân loại mẹ Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum WoRMS-ID 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum định danh GBIF 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ID IRMNG 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ID trong sơ đồ tri thức của Google /g/1hh_qmllq
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Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
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Arcoscalpellum galapaganum WoRMS-tunniste 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum Global Biodiversity Information Facility -tunniste 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum TAXREF-tunniste 654347
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum IRMNG-tunniste 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum Google Knowledge Graph -tunniste /g/1hh_qmllq
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Arcoscalpellum galapaganum instància de tàxon
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum tàxon superior immediat Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador WoRMS 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador GBIF 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador TAXREF 654347
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador IRMNG de tàxon 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador Google Knowledge Graph /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nom curt
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador OBIS 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador Open Tree of Life 2958036
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nem brefik
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum categoría taxonómica especie
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nome do taxon Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum instancia de taxon
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taxon superior inmediato Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador WoRMS 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador GBIF 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador TAXREF 654347
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador IRMNG de taxon 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador de Google Knowledge Graph /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nome curto
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador OBIS 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador Open Tree of Life 2958036
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum maila taxonomikoa espezie
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Arcoscalpellum galapaganum goiko maila taxonomikoa Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum WoRMS-en identifikatzailea 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum GBIFen identifikatzailea 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum TAXREF identifikatzailea 654347
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum IRMNG identifikatzailea 11742461
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum Google Knowledge Graph identifikatzailea /g/1hh_qmllq
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Arcoscalpellum galapaganum Open Tree of Life identifikatzailea 2958036
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum rango taxonomic specie
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nomine del taxon Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum instantia de taxon
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taxon superior immediate Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum ID WoRMS 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum reng taxonomic espècia
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nom scientific Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum natura de l'element taxon
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taxon superior Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificant WoRMS 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificant GBIF 6467893
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Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identifikilo che Google Knowledge Graph /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum kurta nomo
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum categoria taxonômica espécie
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nome taxológico Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum instância de táxon
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum táxon imediatamente superior Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador WoRMS 534973
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador GBIF 6467893
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identificador do painel de informações do Google /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum nome curto
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taksonomia rango specio
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum taksonomia nomo Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum estas taksono
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum supera taksono Arcoscalpellum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum identigilo en Scio-Grafo de Google /g/1hh_qmllq
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum mallonga nomo
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum
Arcoscalpellum galapaganum instancia de Taxón
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p1athenaeum1914lond_157
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Open Culture
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The Athenaeum
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How should we reconcile the admitted facts with any theory of the unity of consciousness ? Let us assume that every neuron group, to go no further down, may have its functional isolated life with its associated system of experiences (whether we call these ideas, or merely nervous traces, or dispositions). Let us assume that a minority of the neuron groups are capable of carrying on the daily life of the organism. However small may be the neuron group, is it not the case that, always and invariably, even at the moment of fainting, the person subjectively feels himself " a sufficient person " 'i Within a few seconds of death by bleeding a patient had asked the lecturer, " Am I dying ? " So far as one could infer, the whole content of consciousness was reduced to the lowest limit of interest in self ; a second later, the eyes were closed, never to reopen. If this was unity of consciousness, what meaning were we to assign to the vast fields forgotten in that moment of limited concentration ? What meaning were we to assign to such unity itself 1J In the common forms of dissociation, in tho hysterias or other neuroses, memory blanks were a striking feature. But, whatever the function of amnesia in the different varieties of disinte- grated personality, each system-group constituting a personality had a memory of its own experi- ence. In the Beauchamp group " all the person- alities have extraordinarily accurate memories for their own respective lives." Of course, in this group the experiences remembered by the one personality were largely, if not entirely, those for- gotten by the other. The very accurate memories, therefore, may be parallel to the cases described by Binet or Janet, where facts apparently for- gotten are shown, by automatic writing or ab- straction, to be completely remembered. One difficulty, of course, is that apparently, in the Beauchamp group, such revelations of continuous memory were made more or less spontaneously But that the experiences between the personalities were more or less interchangeable is shown by 1 1 j<- fact that, by the process of " mind-fixing," B. IV. was able to recall some of the experiences of B. I., and by the " vision " method " she occasionally got at Sally's experiences," which were not recov i - able by the method of abstraction. The subject of amnesia and the part it plays in the initiation of disintegrated personality would require a discussion to itself. The term was, of course, relative to the personal consciousness in the ascendant at the time. It is only one factor in the beginning of a new personality, which may never be revealed until by accident or design it i- systematically evoked. Doubtless, forms of am- nesia in every variety are parts of us all ; but they are only a name for complexes that have dropped from the conscious to the unconscious level, and, when the proper day comes, they may emerge again into activity. (Freud's view seems to imply that, at least in the unstable minds, their activity never ceases even in the uncon- scious.) Innumerable facts of observation and experiment raise the question whether there is in the strict sense any amnesia. One point, however, it was important to note : each of the Beauchamp personalities (one as much as the other), and all the others the lecturer had read of, make use of the whole body and its organs. They each used the body differently, it is true ; but the general organic basis seemed to be common property. The dissociation always seems to pro- suppose a heart that will go on beating and maintaining the blood - pressure necessary for conscious life. This fact, not to speak of the organic sensations generally, seems to be a necessary presupposition of any kind of conscious unity whatever. This implies that " unity " in the contents of consciousness may be a shifting quantity ; " unity " of consciousness without content is simply a logical standpoint. Is there any need to assume a minimum inexpugnable " core " of personality that never " goes out " ? What is the value of such an assumption ? II, as is plain, a point comes when personality does " vanish," as under chloroform or ether, what is the value of the core when there is no content of consciousness at all ? Are we not reduced to saying that the mental phenomena resume normality when the physical organism is restored to its normal ? The lecturer said that there was almost no limit to the particular puzzles of interpretation that arise out of these broken personalities. He put only one or two special questions. 1. Is there anything in the development of the normal self that has not a parallel in the develop- ment of these secondary selves ? What meaning are we to assign to " self " in the two cases ? 2. Can a secondary self be said to have an embryonic, a mature, and a fading stage, like the normal self, which emerges into organization only by minute stages ? If Freud's view of the per- sistence of infantile experience ripening into adult life be accepted, the secondary self at what- ever stage of life it occurred would contain much the same elements as the normal self. 3. If multiple personality be a fact, are we obliged to sacrifice, for psychological purposes, the category of " unity of consciousness," except in the same purely relative sense as we speak of the unity of the cerebrum or of the bodily organiz- ation ? Is the relative unity of the psycho- physical organism sufficient for the purposes of psychology ? If it is, can we give any meta- physical value to such a " unity of consciousness " ? Is the value of the concept metaphysically any more affected by the fact that a group of " personalities " may develope within one body, than it is by the fact that normally each body may be assumed to have one personality ? In other words, can any argument for " animism " in Dr. McDougall's sense be based on the need for such a category as " unity of consciousness " ? •1. Do the facts of multiple personality logically require us to decide in favour of one or other of the two main views of the relation of mind and body — -(a) parallelism ; (b) inter-actionism ? Are these exclusive alternatives ? 5. Do the facts of multiple personality (e.g., the Beauchamp group) require us to assume a memory without a neural correlate ? What type of fact necessitates this assumption ? Dr. McDougall, in an earlyr paper, suggested that certain facts pointed to the existence of a memory unrelated to anything physical, and carried the argument into much detail in ' Body and Mind.' As an argument against the existence of a particular structure or form of motion parallel to a given thought, the lecturer could understand the point ; but he was not clear as to what a memory uncorrelated with matter was, or how its existence was shown to be a probable inference from accepted facts as to multiple jiersonality. ■ No. 4518, May 30. 1914 THE ATHENAEUM 707 vki-totklt.vx. — May is. — Dr. G. Dawes llirk-. President , in the chair. Mi-s i". Rosamond Shields road a paper on 'The Notion of a Common Good.1 That the I is common is an analytic proposition epted by those yfho hold that there are fundamental ethical concepts of an irreducible nature; the objectivity of the good involves this common character and transcendence of private opinion. Two reasons why this truism sometimes fails to find acceptance are : (1) Belief that the good of different individuals is con- flicting ; (2) Confusion of two distinct positions: The good is common : (b) Whatever is, i-, ii^ht. The source of the first error seems to lio in confusion between " good " and "interest" on the part of the individual, and in unwilling- ss to admit that anything may be good which offers little or no hedonistic advantage. Again, Conflict of claims between individual and Society does not necessarily destroy the validity of common good ; neither claim may be fully justified. Nor is it affected by the fact that all _ »d has to be realized under conditions which impose limitations, as well as afford opportuni- ties. The principle of the common good is not necessarily equivalent to optimism, nor to belief in the value of any particular status quo ; its chief use is as a criterion ; if any apparent good cannot show itself to be common, its value must be challenged. Nor does it lead to the Tolstoyan extreme of non-resistance and passivity ; content he good varies with circumstances. According ■ n>? view the common good is the goal, rather than the presupposition of ethical endeavour, with consequent denial of its a priori character ; but what is, from a chronological standpoint, conceived as goal, may be, logically, a necessary implication throughout. The common good is I not simply on the fact of the essential sociality of men, but on the gradual incorpora- tion of facts by reflection into an ideal. The common good demands impartial acceptance of vicariousness. Dr. Dawes Hicks, in opening the discussion, remarked that we were dealing with a problem as old as Plato, and as much alive to-day as in his time : the issue as to whether what we call " the imething objective, something actual to be apprehended, and to influence the individual seiousness, or whether it is subjective in the se that it arises in individual consciousness self. The term "common" seems to intro- duce a difficulty, for though it may be easy to contrast the conception of general good with individual interest, when we come to apply it to communities themselves, it becomes im- -ible, if not meaningless. If the statement of T. II. Green, " God is all that the human spirit c .11 ever hope to become," is the meaning of the term " good," it makes the notion of the develop- ment of humanity unreal, for all that is aimed •'" exist s already. Dr. Percy Sunn defended the notion of a purely objective good in the realist sense given to it in the works of Mr. Russell and Mr. .Moore. The term" common "added to "good "appears difficult to reconcile with this notion. If we recognize tie- relationship of anybody to a good, it is difficult to hold the doctrine' of its independent objectivity. Dr. Wildon Carr contended that, the difficulty -■■ fiom the implication that what was good n viewed as an individual whole must retain : in all the parts into which it could broken up in analysis. The good mi-lit be such that to divide it is to destroy it, and in this sen-e there was philosophical truth in the . " There is none food save God." Mr. Delisle Burns called attention to the metaphysical as distinct from t he ethical aspect of the question. What i, the essential oneness hich you are pointing by tin* term " common " ? I' this oneness is between two person-, their com lined individuality destroys tie- definition. The essential oneness is not between myself and tie- good, but between my neighbour and myself, and if the plurality i> gone, Here i« ,„, meaning left for the term "common." Zoological. —May 19.— Mr. R. if. Borne, v. -J*.. in t he chair. Dr. C. II. O'Donoghui read a paper 'On the \ ous System of the Dogfish.1 — Mr. B. I'. read a paper, communicated by the itary, on the 'Scent-Organs in Trichoptera, in which he gave ,,n account of the remarkable development ol the palpi of the firri maxilla m a caddis-fly, aericottoma personatum. — Mr. If. A. Baylis described a new species of cestodc collected from an albatross | thtmu >l<n irrot Dr. II. <». Forbes in Pern, and presented by 'Ion. _v ( . Rothschild to the British Museum. — A paper on 'The Deinocephalia, an Order ol imal-like Reptiles,' was read bv Mr. I». \|. 8. Watson, in which the skull of a Tapinoccphaloid was almost completely described. — Dr. R. ('. L. Perkins sent a paper dealing with the species of the ^eiuis Pa ra last or and some ot her 1 1 yiueiioptera of the family Kumenid.-e. — Mr. George Jennison contributed some notes on colour-development in the Indian wood-stork (Pseudotanialua leuco- cephalus). A paper received from Dr. Ph. Lehrs, and communicated by Dr. Boulenger, contained the description of a new lizard from the Canary Islands, recently discovered by Dr. Caesar Boettger on Hierro. HISTORICAL. — May 21. — Prof. Firth in the chair. Prof. Pollard read a most valuable paper on ' The Authenticity of the Journals of the Douse of Lords.' The manuscript of the Journals of the House of Lords dates from the year 1509, and reposes at present at Westminster. It is, however, in several respects unsat isfactory, and offers many perplexing problems to the historian. There is, for instance, some reason to believe that the Lords kept a Journal before 1509, for not only did Sir Robert Cotton aver that he had seen some portion of the Lords' Journals for the Parliament of 12 Henry VII., hut also the Lords' Journals bear no internal evidence of having started in 1509, as the Commons' Journals do for 1517. Further, there are several serious gaps in the existing manuscript, due either to deliberate mutilation, as Mail land suggested, or to the ravages of time, as Prof. Pollard believes. The main argument against the authenticity of the existing manuscript is a statement made by Paul Bowes in 1682. In that year Bowes pub- lished a transcript of the Journals of the Lords, which had been made by his uncle D'Ewes, who was Clerk of the Parliaments in 1629. In the pre- face to this publication Bowes makes the state- ment that " the original manuscripts are not now extant." The natural inference would be that at some date between 1629 and 1682 the manuscripts had been destroyed, probably in 1649, when the House of Lords was abolished as a " dangerous and useless " institution. Then Prof. Pollard adduced a series of minute ami scholarly arguments to show why he still believed, in spiteof Bowes's statement, that the existing manuscript is authentic. There is, except for the gaps, an almost complete corre- spondence between the manuscript and the transcripts made by D'Ewes and Bowyer (Clerk 1610-21), ami the fact, for instance, that D'Ewes used a manuscript without gaps for the session of 1550, whereas the present manuscript contains i:aps, does not. show that D'Ewes used a different manuscript from the existing one ; for the physical nature of the gaps of 1559 shows that they are merely the results of the ravages of time. The whole of the long and detailed argument will eventually be published in the Transactions of the Society. Prof. Pollard said that in pursuing the researches preliminary to this paper, he had been scandalized by the extraordinary divergences which exist between the manuscript and the printed Journals, and further, by the deplorable inexactitude of the printed editions ol' all the earlier parliamentary records — Journals, Rolls, and Statutes. Thus, for instance, the session of 1558 is headed 1556 ; two Hills of Henry VHI.'s reign are manufactured out of one in the manuscript : the marginal notes of i he eight eent b-cent ury clerks have been printed as though part of the original records; where two manuscripts existed, the editors made no attempt to decide which was authentic, but simply printed the longer. In any case it was sufficient ly established that the editors of the eighteenth century were not possessed of the critical faculty necessary to sound historical study in the twentieth. Parliament was Spending, said Prof. Pollard, a great amount of money in pub- lishing long series of Patent Rolls, which, after all, mostly dealt with local details. \ el the condi- tion of tie- records of tie- mother of Parliaments — records unique in the history of the world — was bo imperfect as to be a positive disgrace. Parlia- ment OUght to undertake tin' work of issuing a new and critical edition of its own records. Ill tie- ensililiL; discussion the Chairman (I'lof. Firth) and others expressed their concurrence in 1'iof. Pollard's conviction of tie- necessity for urging t In- reissue of it - records upon Parli iment. MEETINGS NKXT U'KKK Wi i, Bortlenltniml, I— 'TrlMt/aft W, it DjkM — I'nlrcraltr of London. :• .: i — 'Tlie Aeroplane in W*r,' Major w a Braoofcot — Knlr.moloirlral, H. Tni.au.lhn idle* in toe Succlnlr Acid 8>rle» : P.irt I. 'Ill-, Chloride) "f succinic an-l Mali A >i.l* >n>l tlieir Constitution,' Mr 0 F Morrell; Ihi Dilation l.iini- i li,-< iiumaliilily of Uunnu* Mlxtun- Parti I nml ll. Mrui< II. I*. Onward ud f Brtoilrj: a Oom jArative Rtndyof tb« absorption soma Ownpoundi of Pboapboroj Ar««nl<. antimony, and Blamolh: l'e llmiuary Note. Mr. C. K. Cr . mMc ; and other I'aperi FINE ARTS Palace and Mosque at Ukhaidir : a Study in Early Mohammadan Architecture. By Gertrude Lowthian Bell. (Oxford. Clarendon Press, 21. 2s. net.) One of the most interesting passages iiv Miss Bell's ' Amurath to Amurath ' was her description of the ruined palace or fortress of Ukhaidir in the Syrian Desert, near the Euphrates, some four hours' ride south-east from Kerbela. The name, which means a "little green" or " dark- coloured " place, is probably modern, for it is not mentioned by any of the early Arab geographers. Yet it seems most improbable that a palace of such extent and magnitude should have escaped notice, especially since the geographers record the names of various desert resorts- of the Omayyad caliphs, and earlier stilL of the Lakhmid princes, many of which have disappeared. Miss Bell was for- merly inclined to identify this mysterious palace with Duma, near 'Ayn et-Tenir : but she now gives the preference, tenta- tively, to Kasr el-Mukatil, for which there is much to be said ; only it amounts really to an explanation of " ignotum per ignotius," for we know nothing of Kasr el-Mukatil, except that it was rebuilt by Tsa, ben 'Ali, great-uncle of the Caliph el-Mansur, in the eighth century, and there is nothing to show that it was a^ great palace. As to the date of Ukhaidir. Miss Bell relies partly on the evidences she adduces from other Mohammedan build- ings, and specially on her discovery of a mihrdb, or niche indicating the Kibla or direction of Mecca, in the annexed mosque ; for mihrdbs, it is argued, were not intro- duced into mosques, in imitation probably of the Christian apse, till the end of the iirst decade of the eighth century. Suit- posing this to be admitted, and the mosque and its niche to be contemporai \ with the palace, one would put the date of Ukhaidir towards the close of the Omay- yad, or the beginning of the 'Abbasid, caliphate ; but by whom it was built is still an unsolved problem. The mystery of its origin and the desire to correlate its architectural details with other early monuments in the same region led Miss Bell to make a second visit to Ukhaidir in 1911, and to oarrj OUt the minute survey which 18 recorded and illustrated by over a hundred photo- graphs and plans in the present elahoratt volume. It is a hook intended for students of Oriental architecture, and Miss Bell is throughout severely technical, and never allows herself to stray into those vivid descriptions of manners and records of Kastern chat which made ■ The Deserl and the Sown ' so fftfici Dating. The learned and intricate chap- ter on ' The Genesis of the Early Oriental Palace1 is the most important part oi a hook in which nothing is insignificant. By comparing a considerable number of 768 T H E A T II E NiEUM No. 4518, May 30, 1914 early Mohammedan buildings with Sasa- nian, Assyrian, and Hittite examples, and with the Roman camp-fortresses of Syria, Miss Bell is able to make out a fairly consistent pedigree for such palaces as Ukhaidir, and her wide and scholarly generalizations form an exceedingly valu- able addition to our knowledge of Eastern architecture. That Ukhaidir is :' in general terms the fortified counterpart " of the palace of Khusrau at Kasr-i- Shirin may be taken as proved by these careful studies, of which the following extract may serve as a brief example : — " To sum up the conclusions reached with regard to the origin of hirah and badiyah on cither side of the desert. And first it is clear that Ukhaidir stands in the closest relations to the tSyrian group, not only in general conception, hut in details of construction. But Ukhaidir reflects the older Lakhmid hirahs, those palaces which were supposed to represent an army in battle with two wings, and through them it re-echoes the Sasanian palaces which were contemporary with them. . . .Again, allowance must be made for Byzantine influence in the Sasanian palaces and the Lakhmid hirahs. Justinian lent artificers to Khusrau : Khawarnaq was built by a Greek. The intercourse, friendly and unfriendly, between the Sasanian and the Byzantine empires was unbroken .... ■Greek influence, as we know, did not begin with Justinian. It began with a mightier figure than that of the imperial lawgiver — ■with the mightiest of all, with Alexander. I have already shown that the Mohammadan Ifvvan took to itself a part of the Greek peristyle. . . .The Greek peristyle exists in a Parthian palace at Niffer and in Parthian houses in Babylon. Hatra fronts the desert with a Hellenistic facade ; so does Ctesiphon ; it adorns the central court at Ukhaidir. But that Byzantine or earlier Western influences affected in any fundamental manner the plan of the palace or hirah is not borne out by this evidence. No fundamental change -can be observed at any time, but on the •contrary a steady continuous growth of Oriental methods, on Oriental lines, and a steady development based on developing i <'eds, ceremonial and social." We are not sure that all Miss Bell's <• inclusions can be accepted ; to examine fiem in detail would require a volume as I irge as her own ; but there is no question at all that she has greatly broadened our knowledge of a little-explored subject, and that she has supported most of her arguments by a solid mass of monumental evidence. Xo one will ever write in future on the subject of the origins of Mohammedan architecture without keep- ing this volume at his hand. The long eeries of plans and photographs, though devoid of beauty or ornament, forms a most useful collection of architectural materials. It would, perhaps, be advisable to add a page of corrigenda to a book which makes a point of exact scholarship. ' Djama'ah " should be Djum'ah ; " Qab- bah," Qubbah ; " Ortukid " (to be con- sistent), Urtuqid ; " ,Saffa/i " begins with a sin, not a sad ; and " #asan Kaif " is a rather bad mistake for Hisa Kaifa. THE XEW ENGLISH ART CLUB. Mr. Wilson Steer's return to something like his old form is what principally dis- tinguishes the fifty-first exhibition of this society from its immediate predecessors. The warm glow and the sensuous luxury of A Summer Evening (196) thoroughly represent the nature of Mr. Steer's most notable artistic gift, and he is a painter who depends more on his unmistakable natural aptitudes than on the thought or training he has brought to their development. He has sometimes shown himself capable in the past of a certain short-lived impulsive energy, but the present languid, rather flaccid composition would hardly suggest it. It shows admirably, however, the more constant element in his artistic temperament, Ms power of basking unquestioning in the pleasantness of nature. We have never quite agreed with the more fervent of the admirers immediately surrounding Mr. Steer, to whom in their enthusiasm that power appeared all- sufficing, and the very essence of artistry ; but we agree much less with the later phase of artistic opinion which finds it an essentially contemptible quality to be abolished from the face of the earth as soon as possible. It is clear that this picture is not in the least masculine, that the form is vague and unstructural, and that as a constant type of painting it would never do. Since modern painting, however, seems incapable of any attempt at balancing the many conflicting demands of the human soul, so that we are doomed to a series of narrow ex parte statements, we accept with gratitude the sympathy with one side — a narrow side, doubtless — of life which Mr. Steer expresses once more with his old conviction. The dislike of Mr. Steer's painting which characterizes the younger generation of artists reminds us of the indignation of an industrious and energetic man who was informed that an amiable parasite of his acquaintance had just profited by a stroke of unmerited good fortune. "Still," he said with a sigh, " I wish there were more people like in the world ; life wouldn't be so infernally strenuous." Of a like utility Mr. Steer's easy relaxation will appear when his desperately serious successors have no longer the gentle amenity of his flattering art to relieve the cold earnestness of their own pictures. We often hear of forms " caressed " by the light, a phrase of doubtful suitability when applied to real light with its severe logic and perfect impartiality. It applies admirably to Mr. Steer's use of light ; he fondles and flatters and tickles his surfaces till the picture seems to purr like a cat in an ecstasy of epidermic pleasure. We realize how far we have travelled from the " Steer " epoch when we see the stark, almost forbidding aspect of the late Spencer Gore's Richmond Houses (191) alongside. Yet among artists more strictly his contemporaries Core was one of the most distinctively poetical painters — graceful and delicate in sentiment, far removed from anything like brutality. This picture, no doubt, represents for him an extreme of harshness, and it appears to us that certain of the blues of the slate roofs show hardly the careful comparison the artist would have brought to bear had he lived to re- consider the picture. But even so entirely delightful a work as the Wood i>i Richmond Park (185) — the lyricism of our later day — ■ would appear severely monumental beside Mr. Steer's rhapsody. With Gore a rigid method corrected extreme natural sensitive- ness, and bred in him ultimately strength ; he gained enormously by the training he put himself through. With Mr. Steer technique and temperament are alike pliant, and the spectator to whom hardness of any sort is repellent finds his the more sympathetic vision. It is by his refusal of a like pliancy that Mr. Walter Sickert, Mr. Steer's contemporary in years, finds himself artistically more at home with the later generation. His Ennui (164) is on a larger scale than he has accustomed us to in recent years, and perhaps on this account it is, we submit, a picture a little between two kinds. We know Mr. Sickert's smaller pictures — their complex particularity of subject har- moniously rendered by a technique in which the blunt point of the artist's brush, as strait ly hedged in with conditions as one of his own homely characters, shows a keen and business-like adaptability in meet- ing every unexpected contingency. These pictures had a basis of rigid convention which separated them from Mr. Steer's good-natured " art de plaire," yet the con- vention was worked with an adroit oppor- tunism hardly appropriate except in, dealing as subject-matter with some form of activity like our own civilization, which is itself disturbed, complex, oiDportunist. More- over, the opulent suggestiveness of Mr. Sickert's facture, which makes it so full of surprise and variety, desjnte its theoretic simplicity, is largely dependent on the small scale of the painting. Oil paint has a certain "give" in it. It will, drag out some way before breaking, stand out a certain distance before falling by its own weight, and a small stroke has thus a certain range within which quality and variety of touch are spontaneous, and, as it were, organic in the material. By using large brushes one may retain something of the exacting demand on the touch which ensures the interest of a tiny picture, but one cannot indefinitely extend the resources we have just described. The conflict be- tween the dead weight of the molecules of pigment and the elastic, sticky medium ceases to contribute the look of life to the surface of the picture, which is the virtue of impasto painting. The limitations of scale have usually been recognized "instinctively by the best painters, the recipe which advised " heroic " subjects for large compositions, and small canvases for familiar scenes, being itself but the perversion of a truth based on technics and philosophy. We recognize that, divorced from the structure of the material he is using, supersubtle variety of touch will, with the painter on a large scale, seem laboured, that intimate variety is the quality of the painter in little, insistence on funda- mental similarities, while the more conscious use of repetition and ordered rhythm are necessary to the more difficult art of the painter of large decorations, who has no longer the organic " feel of the paint " to help him by analogy to maintain the balance of the fluid and rigid elements in his design. Hatching on an heroic scale— with the painter of easel pictures adroit and re- sourceful — becomes more formal ; opaque and transparent paints are more consciously distributed. A more generalized subject- matter makes less demand on detailed variety in form or colour. Mr. Sickect has too much kinship with the art of the past to ignore entirely these considerations. Even the title ' Ennui ' gives a hint of the more generalized universal theme, while in the great slow-falling line of the woman leaning dejected on her elbows, in the use of the essentially monotonous circular form in table and glass, in the monotony of colour and insistence on the steady radiation of lighting from a single lamp, there is a distinct tendency to abstract No. 4518, May 30, 1014 T II E ATHENilUM 7<;«j elements of general significance from a composite scene. Yet Mr. Sickert is shy of setting down his abstractions in anything like a pure form. His line seems too com- posite, his hatchings not formal enough, and he uses an impasto which we think at onto unnecessary and a little lifeless. How much more vigorous and functional is the excessive impasto of Mr. Milman (269), in which you can almost hear the unctuous suck of the paint as the heavily charged brush springs from the canvas, dragging out its sparkling filaments of paint behind it. In a picture on this scale this shimmer of accidental surface variety has — whether the artist contemplates it or not — a very dehnite part to play. In a picture the size of .Mr. Sickert s it has not. An eye for sound, ringing colour and solid structure by planes gives undeniable validity to Mr. Oilman's picture. Mr. Henry Lamb's Islanders, Donegal (166), lull of intelligence, sensitive, and ima- ginative as it is, is vitiated by the one funda- mental misfortune that the artist's eye seems momentarily out of tune. The colour — even in one or two passages the form — is mawkish and false. It is a pity, for the picture is painted with great care, and, indeed, sincerity, but something like a physical malaise seems to have warped it from its maker's intentions just at the moment of completion. His portrait (177) is relatively free from this difficulty, but has not quite the same interest. Unfortu- nately, neither Mr. Lamb nor Mr. Mark Mertler (Fruit Sorters, 271) quite succeeds by the grave and reserved use of paint in establishing himself as. a colourist. Mr. R. Schwabe's Packed Herrings (231) is similarly a little forbidding in colour, though the movement of the group is well designed. On the other hand, whatever reservations we may make as to their method, which appears to us to carry with it necessarily great limitations, we cannot deny the title of colourist to Mr. Oilman or M. Lucien J'i^sarro (182 and 184), or to Miss H. R. Middleton in her more serious moments (221 ). Mr. W. B. Savage's La Corsa del Palio (222) is well planned, but, from the difficulties of distemper painting, heavy and without finesse in execution. Mr. Oere's Quarry on the Cotswolds (174), also tolerably designed, suffers from the equal fault of being a little too elegantly modulated where modulation was hardly necessary. Mr. Brockhurst's By the Stream (219) is quite masterly from a technical point of view, but somewhat lifeless in its original conception, a brilliant example of academic 1 re-Rap haehtism, which contrasts curiously with Mr. Tonks's The Fortune-Teller — charming in its naivete. Amongst the water-colours we noticed the landscapes of Mr. Derwent Lees (94, 9.5, 99 j ; the portrait studies by -Mr. McEvoy (104, 107); and the laboured academic joke, which shows, never- theless, a distinguished taste in form, Three Combats and a Time Keeper (46), by Mr. O. Nelson. The last work is, so far as our knowledge goes, bv a new-comer, as are also the freshly inventive Sunset (34), by Mr. Claughton Pellew ; the dainty Wa& Fruits, by Mrs. Wilburn White (44) ; and the still-life of Mr. G. L. Behrend (156), with its sound methods. Mr. Francis Dodd's etching George insert, It. A. (15), represents that artist in a pose which we recognize as cha- racteristic, but which looks .somehow eon strained, as if the sitter had taken it up for the purposes of compact pattern. Mr. Maxwell Armrield'a tempera painting The Pink Cottage (226) is a work ot con- siderable charm of design, very deftly pain ted. j OTHER EXHIBITIONS. Wb recognize the work of Mr. Wyudham Tryon now showing at the Carfax Gallery as that of an artist wo have previously signalled out for praise in general exhibitions. There is a great deal of difference between his best tilings, such as Xos. 12. 14, 21, with their delicately built-up structure, or the bold essay in Pre-Raphaelite colour (43), and the duller of the exhibits. He is an executant, of some ability, given a theme for which he has authority on which to base a colour- scheme. At the Leicester Galleries it is inevitable that we compare the paintings of Corsica by Mr. E. Yarrow Jones with the pictures of similar subjects by Mr. La Thanguo which occupied the room before them. Sir. Jones gives the gist of his subject-matter with far more directness than the Acade- mician, and has a better gift for putting his subject on the canvas with some idea of space composition: see No. 31, From the Maquis, for the latter quality, and In the Orange Walk (29) as the most effective example of the former. On the other hand, his range is more limited than that of Mr. La Thangue, and in fewer than forty pictures he repeats himself noticeably. M. Steinlen is one of the makers of modern illustration in England as elsewhere, his influence having been enormous through the cheap prints of his drawings, eagerly purchased by artists of all classes, many of whom could not too well afford even the few coppers they cost. We recall one of the best -known of English illustrators who for years, at the time when we first made his acquaintance, had no other bed than a rug and a large pile of copies of the Gil Bias illustre. All British illustration has not in quite so literal a sense been reared on Steinlen, but he is too well known here for his exhibi- tion at the Leicester Galleries to be in danger of neglect or to call for detailed review, the more so as it is the familiar prints, etchings, dry-points, and, above all, lithographs, which are of interest rather than the looser and slighter charcoal sketches. At Mr. Gutekunst's Gallery the prints — mainly by French artists of the last century — include a fine lithograph by Forain, Chez rHuissier (8), Millet's Grande Bergere (16), Rousseau's Chines de Roches (17), and an unusually normal example (if we may be pardoned the phrase) of Rhops, Les Champs (32). Signor Pilade Bertieri at the Dowdeswell Gallery shows himself a portrait painter of the type of Mr. J. J. Shannon, a half-length portrait of his wife (43) being, on thewh.le, the most lifelike. At the Goupil Gallery there is on view, until the Thursday of next week, an exhibition of works by a large number of the better known artists of the younger school in this country, which are to be sold in order to create a fund to defray the initial expenses of tho Spencer (lore Memorial Exhibition, which will take place in January under the auspices Of the New Knglish Art Club. This interest- ing collection will be sold by auction on Friday next. We noto with pleasure that all tho artists constituting what, without offence, might bo termed the inner ring of the "New English are taking an active interest in this tribul ■ to the memory of one who, if they had viewed his conduct in a narrow and material spirit, might have been regarded ;is a not over loyal member of the Club. He was always inclined to int< himself in the formation of new societies which were possible ri\ ;i I s to it. 3finc Art (Gossip. Tin: National Cai.i.krv of Ireland has recently undergone a process of rearrange- ment. Tho Spanish and French pictures are now hung in a separate room, the walls of which have been painted black with excellent effect ; and two rooms formerly occupied by the Milltown Collection have been rehung with pictures of the Dutch School. In the rooms devoted to the English School there are several additions, tho most noteworthy being four portraits, the gift of Sir Hugh Lane. These are : a portrait of a lady, in a landscape, by John Linnell : a portrait of the artist's sister, by Sir David Wilkie ; a portrait of the artist's mother, by William Collins ; and a portrait of a young girl by an unknown painter. A Holy Family by Jordaens, which many years ago was banished from the collection, has been cleaned and rehung in one of the Flemish rooms. It is a beautiful work, perhaps the finest of the three examples of this master in the Dublin gallery. The annual exhibition of pictures by members of the United Arts Club, Dublin, is now on view in the club rooms. Amongst the exhibitors are Mr. Dermod O'Brien, Mr. Henry Moss, Mr. Gerald Wakeman, Miss Tatlow, Miss May Guinness, and Mr. Crampton Walker. At a meeting of the Royal Irish Academy held on the 25th inst., an interesting paper was read by Prof. Macalister on ' The Neces- sity for the Preparation of a Record of the Ancient Monuments of Ireland,' in the course of which he urged that a Royal Com- mission be appointed to record the antiquities- " existing in Ireland on similar lines to those appointed five years ago for England, Scotland, and Wales. It is estimated by Prof. Macalister that there are 1,567 ancient structures to the square mile in Irela:.d, as against 1,326 in England, 569 in Scotland, and 1,421 in Wales. Nothing is being done to protect these Irish monuments, except in the case of a small number vested in the Board of Works and in County Councils, and nothing what- ever to record them, the more important work from the archaeologist's point of view. PICTURES AND DRAWIXCiS. Messrs. CHRISTIE sold on Friday, the 22nd inst., the following pictures : J. F. Herring, Sen., Portrait of Lottery, with trainer and jockey, on a racecourse, 315/. Madame Vigee Le Bran, Madame Dugazon in (Ik; rdle of Nina, on la Folic pat Amour, 420?. It. Brompton, Admiral Sir Charles Saunders, holding a map of Quebec, 27:;/. A pair of drawings by Wheal ley. The School Door, and The Heturn from School, fetched 'Hill. Ids, ENGRAVINGS. Messrs. Christie's sale on Thursday, the 21st Lust., included < he following engravings : — After Morland : A Woman selling Fish, bv \\. Nutter, V.WI. 5s. Alter Reynolds: Master Leicester Stanhope, by Bartolozzi, 12(i/. 15*. Dr. Samuel Johnson, bv W. Doughty, first Male, Ml/. 16*. Mrs. Mathew, bj W'. Dickinson, firat published stale, 181/. 5s. Lady Catherine l'elbam Clinton, bj -1. H. Smith, first statej 7982. Mrs. Pelham feeding Chickens, by W'. Dickinson, Ml/. Lady Elizabeth Compton, by Green, first stale, 2:il/. Countess of Salisbury, by (he same, flrat Btate, 27.;/. Lady Bampfylde, byT. Watson, first published state, 231/. Ladies Waldegrave, bj v. Green, in i Btate, 2r>i'/. Duchess of Devonshire and Daughter, bv <.. Keating, 420/. After Gainsborough: Duche of Devonshire, by W . Barney, 577/. 10*. By .1. K. Smith The Promenade at Carlton Bouse, Oral state, 661/. \ii.i i;.i tlake : Napoleon on the Belleropbon, by c. Turner, prool before any letters, 152/. 5*. Alter Constable: Tho Vale ol Dedham, bv D. I. in;,-, first published slate, l«8/. After Boppner: Sophia Wi item, bv J. i;. Smith, 117/. 770 THE ATHENiEUM No. 4518, May 30, 1914 MUSIC 'L'AMORE DEI TRE RE.' This opera, which was given in England for the first time at Covent Garden on Wednesday evening, is by a young Italian, .Signor Italo Montemezzi, who has already written three works for the stage, two of which have been heard in Italy. The libretto of the one in question is a tragic poem by Signor Sem Benelli, and of a very sombre cast. Archibaldo, an old blind baron, is in Jove with Fiora, the wife of Manfredo, his son. She does not care for her husband, but loves Avito, a former suitor. The result of such a family discord is depressing. Archibaldo, in a fit of anger, strangles Fiora, and causes the deaths of Avito and Manfredo. These two, baritone and tenor, are stage figures of little interest. At one moment Fiora hesitates between dut}^ and inclination, but gives way to the latter ; thus all hope of much-needed contrast is lost.
| 37,632 |
https://github.com/bricezele/Gestion-Courrier-API/blob/master/src/api/courriers/courriers.service.ts
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
Gestion-Courrier-API
|
bricezele
|
TypeScript
|
Code
| 446 | 1,600 |
import { HttpException, Injectable, InternalServerErrorException, NotFoundException } from "@nestjs/common";
import { CreateCourrierDto } from "./dto/create-courrier.dto";
import { InjectConnection, InjectModel } from "@nestjs/mongoose";
import * as mongoose from "mongoose";
import { Model } from "mongoose";
import { I18nService } from "nestjs-i18n";
import { ObjectId } from "mongodb";
import { Courrier, CourrierDocument } from "./entities/courrier.entity";
import { User } from "../users/entities/user.entity";
@Injectable()
export class CourriersService {
constructor(
@InjectModel(Courrier.name)
private readonly courrierModel: Model<CourrierDocument>,
@InjectConnection() private readonly connection: mongoose.Connection,
private readonly i18n: I18nService,
) {}
async create(createCourrierDto: CreateCourrierDto, user) {
try {
const createdCourrier = new this.courrierModel(createCourrierDto);
await createdCourrier
.populate({
path: 'cotation',
populate: {
path: 'user',
model: 'User',
},
})
.populate('documents_annexe')
.populate({
path: 'modifications_history',
populate: {
path: 'user',
model: 'User',
},
})
.execPopulate();
const courrier: Courrier = await createdCourrier.save();
/*
console.log('Courrier', courrier);
courrier = await this.courrierModel
.findOneAndUpdate(
{_id: courrier._id},
{
$push: {
modifications_history:
createCourrierDto.modifications_history,
},
},
)
.setOptions({overwrite: true, new: true})
.exec();
*/
return courrier;
} catch (error) {
console.log('Error', error);
if (error.hasOwnProperty('status'))
throw new HttpException(error.message, error.status);
else throw new InternalServerErrorException();
}
}
async findAll(): Promise<Courrier[]> {
try {
return await this.courrierModel
.find()
.populate({
path: 'modifications_history',
populate: {
path: 'user',
model: 'User',
},
})
.populate({
path: 'cotation',
populate: {
path: 'user',
model: 'User',
},
})
.populate('documents_annexe')
.sort({createdAt: 'desc'})
.exec();
} catch (error) {
console.log('Error', error);
throw new InternalServerErrorException();
}
}
async findOne(id: string): Promise<Courrier> {
let courrier = null;
try {
courrier =
ObjectId.isValid(id) &&
(await this.courrierModel
.findOne({_id: mongoose.Types.ObjectId(id)})
.populate({
path: 'cotation',
populate: {
path: 'user',
model: 'User',
},
})
.populate('documents_annexe')
.populate({
path: 'modifications_history',
populate: {
path: 'user',
model: 'User',
},
})
.exec());
if (!courrier) {
const message = await this.i18n.translate(
'exceptions.WORKSHOP_NOT_FOUND',
);
throw new NotFoundException(message);
} else return courrier;
} catch (error) {
console.log('Error', error);
if (error.hasOwnProperty('status'))
throw new HttpException(error.message, error.status);
else throw new InternalServerErrorException();
}
}
async update(id: string, updateCourrierDto, user?): Promise<Courrier> {
try {
updateCourrierDto.updatedAt = new Date();
const courrierTemp: Courrier = await this.courrierModel
.findOne({_id: id})
.exec();
if (courrierTemp.status !== updateCourrierDto.status) {
ObjectId.isValid(id) &&
(await this.courrierModel
.findByIdAndUpdate(
{_id: mongoose.Types.ObjectId(id)},
{
$push: {
modifications_history: {
status: updateCourrierDto.status,
user: user._id,
},
},
},
{upsert: true},
)
.populate({
path: 'cotation',
populate: {
path: 'user',
model: 'User',
},
})
.populate('documents_annexe')
.populate({
path: 'modifications_history',
populate: {
path: 'user',
model: 'User',
},
})
.exec());
}
const courrier =
ObjectId.isValid(id) &&
(await this.courrierModel
.findByIdAndUpdate(
{_id: mongoose.Types.ObjectId(id)},
updateCourrierDto,
{upsert: true},
)
.populate({
path: 'cotation',
populate: {
path: 'user',
model: 'User',
},
})
.populate('documents_annexe')
.populate({
path: 'modifications_history',
populate: {
path: 'user',
model: 'User',
},
})
.exec());
if (!courrier) {
const message = await this.i18n.translate(
'exceptions.WORKSHOP_NOT_FOUND',
);
throw new NotFoundException(message);
} else return courrier;
} catch (error) {
console.log('Error', error);
throw new InternalServerErrorException();
}
}
remove(id: string) {
return `This action removes a #${id} courrier`;
}
}
| 43,354 |
https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA%20%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%A4%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
وقت لادڤنتشر
|
https://ary.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=وقت لادڤنتشر&action=history
|
Moroccan Arabic
|
Spoken
| 282 | 877 |
وقت المغامرة (وقت المغامرة مع فين وجايك) هو مسلسل د روسوم ميريكاني عندو عشرة الأجزاء صايبو بيندليتون وارد لكرتون نتورك. المسلسل تيتبع مغامرات فين (صوت جيريمي شادا) وهو دري بشري، في عالم ما بعد الحرب النووية، وعشيرو الملب وخوه بالتبني جايك (صوت جون ديماغيو)، وهو كلب سخري تيغيير الشكل والحجم ديالو ، فين وجايك تيعيشو ف «أرض أوو». المسلسل مبازي على فيلم قصير من إنتاج فريديراتور ستوديوز لنكلوديون. بعد فترة قصيرة المسلسل انتاشر كالـفيروس على شبكة الإنترنت، كرتون نتورك اختارت تدير سلسلة كاملة اللي تم المعاينة في 11 مارس، 2010 وأول مرة رسميا في 5 أبريل 2010 وتعرضات آخر الحلقات ديالو نهار 3 سبتمبر عام 2018. تصنفات السلسلة TV - PG ( يشوفوه لي ما فوق 12 سنة وتحتوي على مشاهد عنف خيالي).
السلسلة نجحات تجاريًا بالنسبة لكرتون نتورك من ناحية المشاهدات وعندها قاعدة جماهيرية كبيرة من المعجبين والمشاهدين لي وصل عدد مشاهدين فبعض الحلقات في النسخة الإنجليزية إلى الثلاثة مليون وليهو رقم قياسي بالنسبة لسلسة موّجهة بصورة أساسية للأطفال خيت السلسلة تابعوها المراهقين والبالغين ، وخدات السلسلة مراجعات إيجابية عموماً من قبل النقاد وربحات بزاف من الجوائز ومنها ثمانية جوائز إيمي برايم تايم وثلاثة جوائز آني وجائزة بيبودي وجائزتي أكاديمية بريطانية تلفزيونية للأطفال وجائزة بيكسل وجائزة مجلة كيرانغ! وبزاف اخرين.
شخصيات
فين : بشري عندو 13 عام الهواية المفضلة ديالو يعتق الناس ويلعب دور البطل تيعيش ، فين هو تقريبا البشري الوحيد ارض اوو ( حتى غيكتاشف الجزيرة لي جا منها ...) تيعتق غالبية الناس خصوصا الاميرات ومتيحملش ملك الجليد تربى فصغرو عند والدين جايك . فين ولا تيغني مزيان من بعد ما سىط واحد البيسي
جايك: كلب بقوى سحرية مصدر قوتو ممعروفاش اوفى صديق لفين والرفيق ديالو فالمغامرات لي تيعيشوهم
عيون لكلام
ميكيات ميريكانية
مقالات فيها مصدر و 3000 بايت
| 46,900 |
2015/32015R2446/32015R2446_PL.txt_12
|
Eurlex
|
Open Government
|
CC-By
| 2,015 |
None
|
None
|
Polish
|
Spoken
| 8,139 | 26,706 |
Wytwarzanie z:
—
włókien naturalnych, niezgrzeblonych, nieczesanych ani nieprzygotowanych w inny sposób do przędzenia
—
jedwabiu surowego lub odpadów jedwabiu,
—
materiałów chemicznych lub pulpy włókienniczej, lub
—
włókien chemicznych odcinkowych, ciągłych lub odpadów włókien, niezgrzeblonych, nieczesanych ani nieprzygotowanych w inny sposób do przędzenia
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie przędzy lub przędzy jednowłóknowej (monofilamentu), niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające, skręcanie lub teksturowanie, nieuważane za takie, przy czym wartość niepochodzących materiałów (w tym przędzy) nie przekracza 48 % ceny ex-works produktu.
5406
Przędza z włókna ciągłego chemicznego (inna niż nici do szycia), pakowana do sprzedaży detalicznej.
Wytwarzanie z:
—
włókien naturalnych, niezgrzeblonych, nieczesanych ani nieprzygotowanych w inny sposób do przędzenia
—
jedwabiu surowego lub odpadów jedwabiu,
—
materiałów chemicznych lub pulpy włókienniczej, lub
—
włókien chemicznych odcinkowych, ciągłych lub odpadów włókien, niezgrzeblonych, nieczesanych ani nieprzygotowanych w inny sposób do przędzenia
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie przędzy lub przędzy jednowłóknowej (monofilamentu), niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające, skręcanie lub teksturowanie, nieuważane za takie, przy czym wartość niepochodzących materiałów (w tym przędzy) nie przekracza 48 % ceny ex-works produktu.
5407
Tkaniny z przędzy z włókna ciągłego syntetycznego, włącznie z tkaninami wykonanymi z materiałów objętych pozycją 5404.
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
5408
Tkaniny z przędzy z włókna ciągłego sztucznego, włącznie z tkaninami wykonanymi z materiałów objętych pozycją 5405.
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
DZIAŁ 55
Włókna odcinkowe chemiczne
Uwaga do działu:
Aby drukowanie termiczne mogło być uważane za nadające pochodzenie, musi mu towarzyszyć drukowanie papieru przedrukowego.
Działowa reguła rezydualna:
Jeżeli kraju pochodzenia nie można ustalić przez zastosowanie reguł podstawowych, krajem pochodzenia towarów jest kraj, z którego pochodzi największa część materiałów ustalona na podstawie ich wartości.
Kod HS 2012
Opis towarów
Reguły podstawowe
5501
Kabel z włókna ciągłego syntetycznego.
Wytwarzanie z materiałów chemicznych lub pulpy włókienniczej
5502
Kabel z włókna ciągłego sztucznego.
Wytwarzanie z materiałów chemicznych lub pulpy włókienniczej
5503
Włókna odcinkowe syntetyczne, niezgrzeblone, nieczesane ani nieprzerobione w inny sposób do przędzenia.
Wytwarzanie z materiałów chemicznych lub pulpy włókienniczej
5504
Włókna odcinkowe sztuczne, niezgrzeblone, nieczesane ani nieprzerobione w inny sposób do przędzenia.
Wytwarzanie z materiałów chemicznych lub pulpy włókienniczej
5505
Odpady (włącznie z wyczeskami, odpadami przędzy oraz szarpanką rozwłóknioną), włókien chemicznych.
Wytwarzanie z materiałów chemicznych lub pulpy włókienniczej
5506
Włókna odcinkowe syntetyczne, zgrzeblone, czesane lub w inny sposób przerobione do przędzenia.
Wytwarzanie z materiałów chemicznych lub pulpy włókienniczej lub odpadów objętych pozycją 5505
5507
Włókna odcinkowe sztuczne, zgrzeblone, czesane lub przerobione w inny sposób do przędzenia.
Wytwarzanie z materiałów chemicznych lub pulpy włókienniczej lub odpadów objętych pozycją 5505
5508
Nici do szycia z włókien odcinkowych chemicznych, nawet pakowane do sprzedaży detalicznej.
Wytwarzanie z:
—
włókien naturalnych, niezgrzeblonych, nieczesanych ani nieprzygotowanych w inny sposób do przędzenia
—
jedwabiu surowego lub odpadów jedwabiu,
—
materiałów chemicznych lub pulpy włókienniczej, lub
—
włókien chemicznych odcinkowych, ciągłych lub odpadów włókien, niezgrzeblonych, nieczesanych ani nieprzygotowanych w inny sposób do przędzenia
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie przędzy lub przędzy jednowłóknowej (monofilamentu), niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające, skręcanie lub teksturowanie, nieuważane za takie, przy czym wartość niepochodzących materiałów (w tym przędzy) nie przekracza 48 % ceny ex-works produktu.
5509
Przędza (inna niż nici do szycia) z włókien odcinkowych syntetycznych, niepakowana do sprzedaży detalicznej.
Wytwarzanie z:
—
włókien naturalnych, niezgrzeblonych, nieczesanych ani nieprzygotowanych w inny sposób do przędzenia
—
jedwabiu surowego lub odpadów jedwabiu,
—
materiałów chemicznych lub pulpy włókienniczej, lub
—
włókien chemicznych odcinkowych, ciągłych lub odpadów włókien, niezgrzeblonych, nieczesanych ani nieprzygotowanych w inny sposób do przędzenia
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie przędzy lub przędzy jednowłóknowej (monofilamentu), niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające, skręcanie lub teksturowanie, nieuważane za takie, przy czym wartość niepochodzących materiałów (w tym przędzy) nie przekracza 48 % ceny ex-works produktu.
5510
Przędza (inna niż nici do szycia) z włókien odcinkowych sztucznych, niepakowana do sprzedaży detalicznej.
Wytwarzanie z:
—
włókien naturalnych, niezgrzeblonych, nieczesanych ani nieprzygotowanych w inny sposób do przędzenia
—
jedwabiu surowego lub odpadów jedwabiu,
—
materiałów chemicznych lub pulpy włókienniczej, lub
—
włókien chemicznych odcinkowych, ciągłych lub odpadów włókien, niezgrzeblonych, nieczesanych ani nieprzygotowanych w inny sposób do przędzenia
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie przędzy lub przędzy jednowłóknowej (monofilamentu), niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające, skręcanie lub teksturowanie, nieuważane za takie, przy czym wartość niepochodzących materiałów (w tym przędzy) nie przekracza 48 % ceny ex-works produktu.
5511
Przędza (inna niż nici do szycia) z włókien odcinkowych chemicznych, pakowana do sprzedaży detalicznej.
Wytwarzanie z:
—
włókien naturalnych, niezgrzeblonych, nieczesanych ani nieprzygotowanych w inny sposób do przędzenia
—
jedwabiu surowego lub odpadów jedwabiu,
—
materiałów chemicznych lub pulpy włókienniczej, lub
—
włókien chemicznych odcinkowych, ciągłych lub odpadów włókien, niezgrzeblonych, nieczesanych ani nieprzygotowanych w inny sposób do przędzenia
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie przędzy lub przędzy jednowłóknowej (monofilamentu), niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające, skręcanie lub teksturowanie, nieuważane za takie, przy czym wartość niepochodzących materiałów (w tym przędzy) nie przekracza 48 % ceny ex-works produktu.
5512
Tkaniny z włókien odcinkowych syntetycznych, zawierające 85 % masy lub więcej włókien odcinkowych syntetycznych.
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
5513
Tkaniny z włókien odcinkowych syntetycznych, zawierające mniej niż 85 % masy takich włókien, zmieszanych głównie lub wyłącznie z bawełną, o masie powierzchniowej nieprzekraczającej 170 g/m2.
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
5514
Tkaniny z włókien odcinkowych syntetycznych, zawierające mniej niż 85 % masy takich włókien, zmieszanych głównie lub wyłącznie z bawełną, o masie powierzchniowej przekraczającej 170 g/m2.
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
5515
Pozostałe tkaniny z włókien odcinkowych syntetycznych.
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
5516
Tkaniny z włókien odcinkowych sztucznych.
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
DZIAŁ 56
Wata, filc i włókniny; przędze specjalne; szpagat, powrozy, linki i liny oraz artykuły z nich
Uwaga do działu:
Aby drukowanie termiczne mogło być uważane za nadające pochodzenie, musi mu towarzyszyć drukowanie papieru przedrukowego.
Działowa reguła rezydualna:
Jeżeli kraju pochodzenia nie można ustalić przez zastosowanie reguł podstawowych, krajem pochodzenia towarów jest kraj, z którego pochodzi największa część materiałów ustalona na podstawie ich wartości.
Kod HS 2012
Opis towarów
Reguły podstawowe
5601
Wata z materiałów włókienniczych i artykuły z niej; włókna tekstylne o długości nieprzekraczającej 5 mm (kosmyki), pył oraz węzły i pęczki, tekstylne.
Wytwarzanie z włókien
5602
Filc, nawet impregnowany, powleczony, pokryty lub laminowany.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 5602 a)
Zadrukowany, barwiony (włącznie z barwionym na biało)
Wytwarzanie z włókien
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonego lub wstępnie bielonego filcu, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 5602 b)
Impregnowany, powleczony, pokryty lub laminowany
Impregnacja, powlekanie, pokrywanie lub laminowanie filcu, niebielonego
ex 5602 c)
-
Pozostały
Wytwarzanie z włókien
5603
Włókniny, nawet impregnowane, powleczone, pokryte lub laminowane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 5603 a)
-
Zadrukowane, barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z włókien
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych włóknin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 5603 b)
Impregnowane, powleczone, pokryte lub laminowane
Impregnacja, powlekanie, pokrywanie lub laminowanie włóknin, niebielonych
ex 5603 c)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z włókien
5604
Nić gumowa i sznurek, pokryte materiałem włókienniczym; przędza włókiennicza oraz pasek i temu podobne, objęte pozycją 5404 lub 5405, impregnowane, powleczone, pokryte lub otulane gumą, lub tworzywami sztucznymi.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 5604 a)
Nić gumowa i sznurek, pokryte materiałem włókienniczym
Wytwarzanie z nici gumowej lub sznurka, niepokrytych materiałem włókienniczym
ex 5604 b)
-
pozostałe
Impregnacja, powlekanie, pokrywanie lub otulanie przędzy włókienniczej oraz taśmy i podobnych materiałów, niebielonych
5605
Przędza metalizowana, nawet rdzeniowa, będąca przędzą włókienniczą lub paskiem, lub tym podobnym, objętym pozycją 5404 lub 5405, połączona z metalem w postaci nici, taśmy lub proszku, lub pokryta metalem.
CTH
5606
Przędza rdzeniowa oraz pasek i tym podobne, objęte pozycją 5404 lub 5405 (inne niż te objęte pozycją 5605 oraz przędza rdzeniowa z włosia końskiego); przędza szenilowa (włącznie z przędzą szenilową kosmykową); przędza pętelkowa.
CTH
5607
Szpagat, powróz, linki i liny, nawet plecione lub oplatane i nawet impregnowane, powleczone, pokryte lub otulane gumą, lub tworzywami sztucznymi
Wytwarzanie z włókien, przędzy kokosowej, przędzy z włókna ciągłego syntetycznego lub sztucznego lub przędzy jednowłóknowej (monofilamentu)
5608
Siatki wiązane ze szpagatu, powrozu lub liny; gotowe sieci rybackie oraz pozostałe gotowe sieci, z materiałów włókienniczych.
CTH
5609
Artykuły z przędzy, paska lub tym podobnych, objętych pozycją 5404 lub 5405, szpagatu, powrozu, linki lub liny, gdzie indziej niewymienione ani niewłączone.
Wytwarzanie z włókien, przędzy kokosowej, przędzy z włókna ciągłego syntetycznego lub sztucznego lub przędzy jednowłóknowej (monofilamentu)
DZIAŁ 57
Dywany i pozostałe pokrycia podłogowe włókiennicze
Działowa reguła rezydualna:
Jeżeli kraju pochodzenia nie można ustalić przez zastosowanie reguł podstawowych, krajem pochodzenia towarów jest kraj, z którego pochodzi największa część materiałów ustalona na podstawie ich wartości.
Kod HS 2012
Opis towarów
Reguły podstawowe
5701
Dywany i pozostałe pokrycia podłogowe włókiennicze, węzełkowe, nawet gotowe.
CTH
5702
Dywany i pozostałe pokrycia podłogowe włókiennicze, tkane, nieigłowe ani nieflokowane, nawet gotowe, włączając „Kelem”, „Schumacks”, „Karamanie” i podobne ręcznie tkane dywaniki (maty).
CTH
5703
Dywany i pozostałe pokrycia podłogowe włókiennicze, igłowe, nawet gotowe.
CTH
5704
Dywany i pozostałe pokrycia podłogowe włókiennicze, z filcu, nieigłowe ani nieflokowane, nawet gotowe.
Wytwarzanie z włókien
5705
Pozostałe dywany i pozostałe pokrycia podłogowe włókiennicze, nawet gotowe.
CTH
DZIAŁ 58
Tkaniny specjalne; materiały włókiennicze igłowe; koronki; tkaniny obiciowe; pasmanteria; hafty
Działowa reguła rezydualna:
Jeżeli kraju pochodzenia nie można ustalić przez zastosowanie reguł podstawowych, krajem pochodzenia towarów jest kraj, z którego pochodzi największa część materiałów ustalona na podstawie ich wartości.
Kod HS 2012
Opis towarów
Reguły podstawowe
5801
Tkaniny włosowe i tkaniny szenilowe, inne niż tkaniny objęte pozycją 5802 lub 5806.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 5801 a)
-
zadrukowane, barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 5801 b)
-
impregnowane, powleczone lub pokryte
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin
ex 5801 c)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
5802
Tkaniny ręcznikowe pętelkowe (frotte) i podobne tkaniny pętelkowe, inne niż taśmy tkane objęte pozycją 5806; materiały włókiennicze igłowe, inne niż wyroby objęte pozycją 5703.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 5802 a)
-
zadrukowane, barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 5802 b)
-
impregnowane, powleczone lub pokryte
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin
ex 5802 c)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
5803
Gaza, inna niż taśmy tkane objęte pozycją 5806
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 5803 a)
-
zadrukowana, barwiona (włącznie z barwioną na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 5803 b)
-
impregnowana, powleczona lub pokryta
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin
ex 5803 c)
-
Pozostała
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
5804
Tiule i pozostałe wyroby sieciowe, z wyłączeniem tkanych, dzianych; koronki w sztukach, w paskach lub w postaci motywów, inne niż dzianiny objęte pozycją 6002.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 5804 a)
-
zadrukowane, barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 5804 b)
-
impregnowane, powleczone lub pokryte
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin
ex 5804 c)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
5805
Tkaniny dekoracyjne ręcznie tkane typu gobeliny, Flanders, Aubusson, Beauvais i tym podobne oraz tkaniny dekoracyjne haftowane na kanwie (na przykład małym ściegiem lub ściegiem krzyżykowym), nawet gotowe.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 5805 a)
-
zadrukowane lub barwione
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 5805 b)
-
impregnowane, powleczone lub pokryte
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin
ex 5805 c)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
5806
Taśmy tkane, inne niż towary objęte pozycją 5807; taśmy składające się z osnowy bez wątku, połączone za pomocą kleju (bolducs)
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 5806 a)
-
zadrukowane lub barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 5806 b)
-
impregnowane, powleczone lub pokryte
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin
ex 5806 c)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
5807
Etykietki, odznaki i podobne artykuły z materiałów włókienniczych, w sztukach, paskach lub wykrojone do kształtu lub wymiaru, niehaftowane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 5807 a)
-
zadrukowane, barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 5807 b)
-
impregnowane, powleczone lub pokryte
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin
ex 5807 c)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
5808
Plecionki w sztukach; ozdobne pasmanterie w sztukach, bez haftów, inne niż dziane; frędzle, pompony i podobne artykuły.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 5808 a)
-
zadrukowane, barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 5808 b)
-
impregnowane, powleczone lub pokryte
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin
ex 5808 c)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
5809
Tkaniny z nitki metalowej oraz tkaniny z przędzy metalizowanej objętej pozycją 5605, w rodzaju stosowanych w strojach, jako materiały dekoracyjne lub do podobnych celów, gdzie indziej niewymienione ani niewłączone.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 5809 a)
-
zadrukowane, barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 5809 b)
-
impregnowane, powleczone lub pokryte
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin
ex 5809 c)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
5810
Hafty w sztukach, paskach lub motywach.
Wytwarzanie, w którym wartość użytych materiałów nie przekracza 50 % ceny ex-works produktu
5811
Wyroby włókiennicze pikowane w sztukach, złożone z jednej lub większej ilości warstw materiałów włókienniczych połączonych z wyściółką przez zszycie lub w inny sposób, inne niż hafty objęte pozycją 5810
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 5811 a)
-
zadrukowane, barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 5811 b)
-
impregnowane, powleczone lub pokryte
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin
ex 5811 c)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
DZIAŁ 59
Tekstylia impregnowane, powleczone, pokryte lub laminowane; artykuły włókiennicze w rodzaju nadających się do użytku przemysłowego
Działowa reguła rezydualna:
Jeżeli kraju pochodzenia nie można ustalić przez zastosowanie reguł podstawowych, krajem pochodzenia towarów jest kraj, z którego pochodzi największa część materiałów ustalona na podstawie ich wartości.
Kod HS 2012
Opis towarów
Reguły podstawowe
5901
Tekstylia powleczone żywicą naturalną lub substancją skrobiową, w rodzaju stosowanych do opraw książek lub temu podobnych; kalka techniczna płócienna; płótno malarskie zagruntowane; bukram i podobne tekstylia usztywniane, w rodzaju stosowanych do formowania stożków kapeluszy.
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin
5902
Materiały na kord oponowy z przędzy o dużej wytrzymałości na rozciąganie, z nylonu lub pozostałych poliamidów, poliestrów lub włókien wiskozowych.
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
5903
Tekstylia impregnowane, powleczone, pokryte lub laminowane tworzywami sztucznymi, inne niż te objęte pozycją 5902.
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
5904
Linoleum, nawet cięte do kształtu; pokrycia podłogowe składające się z powłoki lub pokrycia nałożonego na podkład włókienniczy, nawet cięte do kształtu.
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin, filcu lub włóknin
5905
Pokrycia ścienne włókiennicze.
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
5906
Tekstylia gumowane, inne niż te objęte pozycją 5902.
Wytwarzanie z bielonych dzianin lub z innych niebielonych tkanin
5907
Tekstylia w inny sposób impregnowane, powleczone lub pokryte; płótna pomalowane będące dekoracjami teatralnymi, tłami studyjnymi lub temu podobnymi.
Wytwarzanie z niebielonych tkanin
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
5908
Knoty tkane, plecione lub dziane, z materiałów włókienniczych, do lamp, kuchenek, zapalniczek, świec lub tym podobnych; koszulki żarowe oraz dzianiny workowe do ich wyrobu, nawet impregnowane.
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
5909
Giętkie tekstylne przewody rurowe i podobne tekstylne przewody rurowe, z okładziną, zbrojeniem lub osprzętem, z innych materiałów, lub bez.
Wytwarzanie z przędzy lub włókien
5910
Pasy lub taśmy, przenośnikowe lub napędowe, z materiałów włókienniczych, nawet impregnowane, pokryte, powleczone lub laminowane tworzywami sztucznymi, lub wzmacniane metalem, lub innym materiałem.
Wytwarzanie z przędzy lub włókien
5911
Produkty i artykuły tekstylne, do zastosowań technicznych, wymienione w uwadze 7 do niniejszego działu.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 5911 a)
-
tarcze lub pierścienie polerskie inne niż z filcu
Wytwarzanie z przędzy, tkaniny odpadowej lub szmat objętych pozycją 6310
ex 5911 b)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy lub włókien
DZIAŁ 60
Dzianiny
Działowa reguła rezydualna:
Jeżeli kraju pochodzenia nie można ustalić przez zastosowanie reguł podstawowych, krajem pochodzenia towarów jest kraj, z którego pochodzi największa część materiałów ustalona na podstawie ich wartości.
Kod HS 2012
Opis towarów
Reguły podstawowe
6001
Dzianiny włosowe, włącznie z dzianinami „o długim włosie” oraz dzianinami frotte.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6001 a)
-
zadrukowane, barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 6001 b)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6002
Dzianiny o szerokości nieprzekraczającej 30 cm, zawierające 5 % masy lub więcej przędzy elastomerowej lub nitki gumowej, inne niż te objęte pozycją 6001.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6002 a)
-
zadrukowane, barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 6002 b)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6003
Dzianiny o szerokości nieprzekraczającej 30 cm, inne niż te objęte pozycją 6001 lub 6002.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6003 a)
zadrukowane, barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 6003 b)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6004
Dzianiny o szerokości przekraczającej 30 cm, zawierające 5 % masy lub więcej przędzy elastomerowej lub nitki gumowej, inne niż te objęte pozycją 6001.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6004 a)
zadrukowane, barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 6004 b)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6005
Dzianiny osnowowe (włączając te wykonane na dziewiarce obszywającej galonem), inne niż te objęte pozycjami od 6001 do 6004.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6005 a)
zadrukowane, barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 6005 b)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6006
Pozostałe dzianiny.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6006 a)
zadrukowane, barwione (włącznie z barwionymi na biało)
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Drukowanie lub barwienie niebielonych lub wstępnie bielonych tkanin, któremu towarzyszą operacje przygotowujące lub wykańczające.
ex 6006 b)
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
DZIAŁ 61
Artykuły odzieżowe i dodatki odzieżowe, dziane
Działowa reguła rezydualna:
Jeżeli kraju pochodzenia nie można ustalić przez zastosowanie reguł podstawowych, krajem pochodzenia towarów jest kraj, z którego pochodzi największa część materiałów ustalona na podstawie ich wartości.
Kod HS 2012
Opis towarów
Reguły podstawowe
6101
Palta, kurtki 3/4, pelerynki, peleryny, anoraki (włącznie z kurtkami narciarskimi), wiatrówki, kurtki od wiatru i podobne artykuły, męskie lub chłopięce, dziane, inne niż te objęte pozycją 6103.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6101 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6101 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6102
Palta, kurtki 3/4, pelerynki, peleryny, anoraki (włącznie z kurtkami narciarskimi), wiatrówki, kurtki od wiatru i podobne artykuły, damskie lub dziewczęce, dziane, inne niż te objęte pozycją 6104.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6102 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6102 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6103
Garnitury, komplety, marynarki, spodnie, spodnie na szelkach i z karczkiem typu ogrodniczki, bryczesy i szorty (inne niż strój kąpielowy), męskie lub chłopięce, dziane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6103 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6103 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6104
Kostiumy, komplety, żakiety, suknie, spódnice, spódnico-spodnie, spodnie, spodnie na szelkach i z karczkiem typu ogrodniczki, bryczesy i szorty (inne niż strój kąpielowy), damskie lub dziewczęce, dziane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6104 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6104 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6105
Koszule męskie lub chłopięce, dziane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6105 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6105 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6106
Bluzki, koszule i bluzki koszulowe, damskie lub dziewczęce, dziane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6106 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6106 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6107
Kalesony, majtki, koszule nocne, piżamy, płaszcze kąpielowe, szlafroki i podobne artykuły, męskie lub chłopięce, dziane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6107 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6107 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6108
Półhalki, halki, majtki, figi, koszule nocne, piżamy, peniuary, płaszcze kąpielowe, szlafroki i podobne artykuły, damskie lub dziewczęce, dziane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6108 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6108 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6109
T-shirts, koszulki i pozostałe podkoszulki, dziane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6109 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6109 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6110
Bluzy, pulowery, swetry rozpinane, kamizelki i podobne artykuły, dziane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6110 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6110 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6111
Odzież i dodatki odzieżowe dla niemowląt, dziane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6111 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6111 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6112
Dresy, ubiory narciarskie i stroje kąpielowe, dziane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6112 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6112 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6113
Odzież wykonana z dzianin objętych pozycją 5903, 5906 lub 5907.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6113 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6113 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6114
Pozostała odzież dziana.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6114 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6114 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6115
Rajstopy, trykoty, pończochy, skarpety i pozostałe wyroby pończosznicze, włącznie z wyrobami pończoszniczymi o stopniowanym ucisku (na przykład pończochy przeciwżylakowe) i obuwiem bez nakładanych podeszew, dziane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6115 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6115 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6116
Rękawiczki, mitenki i rękawice z jednym palcem, dziane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6116 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6116 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6117
Pozostałe gotowe dodatki odzieżowe, dziane; części odzieży lub dodatków odzieżowych, dziane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6117 a)
-
otrzymywane przez zszycie lub połączenie w inny sposób dwóch lub większej liczby kawałków dzianin, które zostały albo pocięte do kształtu, albo wykonane bezpośrednio do kształtu
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6117 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
DZIAŁ 62
Artykuły odzieżowe i dodatki odzieżowe, niedziane
Działowa reguła rezydualna:
Jeżeli kraju pochodzenia nie można ustalić przez zastosowanie reguł podstawowych, krajem pochodzenia towarów jest kraj, z którego pochodzi największa część materiałów ustalona na podstawie ich wartości.
Kod HS 2012
Opis towarów
Reguły podstawowych
6201
Palta, kurtki 3/4, pelerynki, peleryny, anoraki (włącznie z kurtkami narciarskimi), wiatrówki, kurtki od wiatru i podobne artykuły, męskie lub chłopięce, inne niż te objęte pozycją 6203.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6201 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6201 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6202
Palta, kurtki 3/4, pelerynki, peleryny, anoraki (włącznie z kurtkami narciarskimi), wiatrówki, kurtki od wiatru i podobne artykuły, damskie lub dziewczęce, inne niż te objęte pozycją 6204.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6202 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6202 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6203
Garnitury, komplety, marynarki, spodnie, spodnie na szelkach i z karczkiem typu ogrodniczki, bryczesy i szorty (inne niż strój kąpielowy), męskie lub chłopięce.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6203 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6203 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6204
Kostiumy, komplety, żakiety, suknie, spódnice, spódnico-spodnie, spodnie, spodnie na szelkach i z karczkiem typu ogrodniczki, bryczesy i szorty (inne niż strój kąpielowy), damskie lub dziewczęce.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6204 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6204 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6205
Koszule męskie lub chłopięce.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6205 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6205 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6206
Bluzki, koszule i bluzki koszulowe, damskie lub dziewczęce.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6206 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6206 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6207
Koszulki i pozostałe podkoszulki, kalesony, majtki, koszule nocne, piżamy, płaszcze kąpielowe, szlafroki i podobne artykuły, męskie lub chłopięce.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6207 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6207 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6208
Koszulki i pozostałe podkoszulki, półhalki, halki, majtki, figi, koszule nocne, piżamy, peniuary, płaszcze kąpielowe, szlafroki i podobne artykuły, damskie lub dziewczęce.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6208 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6208 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6209
Odzież i dodatki odzieżowe dla niemowląt.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6209 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6209 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6210
Odzież wykonana z materiałów objętych pozycją 5602, 5603, 5903, 5906 lub 5907.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6210 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6210 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6211
Dresy, ubiory narciarskie i stroje kąpielowe; pozostała odzież.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6211 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6211 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6212
Biustonosze, pasy, gorsety, szelki, podwiązki i podobne artykuły oraz ich części, nawet dziane.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6212 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6212 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6213
Chusteczki do nosa.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6213 a)
-
haftowane
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Wytwarzanie z tkaniny niehaftowanej, pod warunkiem że wartość użytej tkaniny niehaftowanej nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
ex 6213 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6214
Szale, chusty, szaliki, mantyle, welony i temu podobne.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6214 a)
-
haftowane
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Wytwarzanie z tkaniny niehaftowanej, pod warunkiem że wartość użytej tkaniny niehaftowanej nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
ex 6214 b)
-
pozostałe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6215
Krawaty, muszki i fulary.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6215 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6215 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6216
Rękawiczki, mitenki i rękawice z jednym palcem.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6216 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6216 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6217
Pozostałe gotowe dodatki odzieżowe; części odzieży lub dodatków odzieżowych, inne niż te objęte pozycją 6212.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 6217 a)
-
wykończone lub gotowe
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6217 b)
-
niewykończone lub niegotowe
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
DZIAŁ 63
Pozostałe gotowe artykuły włókiennicze; zestawy; odzież używana i używane artykuły włókiennicze; szmaty
Działowa reguła rezydualna:
Jeżeli kraju pochodzenia nie można ustalić przez zastosowanie reguł podstawowych, krajem pochodzenia towarów jest kraj, z którego pochodzi największa część materiałów ustalona na podstawie ich wartości.
Kod HS 2012
Opis towarów
Reguły podstawowe
6301
Koce i pledy.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
-
z filcu lub włóknin:
ex 6301 a)
- - nieimpregnowane, niepowleczone, niepokryte ani nielaminowane
Wytwarzanie z włókien
ex 6301 b)
- - impregnowane, powleczone, pokryte lub laminowane
Impregnacja, powlekanie, pokrywanie lub laminowanie filcu lub włóknin, niebielonych
-
pozostałe:
- - dziane
ex 6301 c)
- - - niehaftowane
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6301 d)
- - - haftowane
Całkowite wykończenie
lub
Wytwarzanie z dzianiny niehaftowanej, pod warunkiem że wartość użytej dzianiny niehaftowanej nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
- -
niedziane:
ex 6301 e)
- - - niehaftowane
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
ex 6301 f)
- - - haftowane
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Wytwarzanie z tkaniny niehaftowanej, pod warunkiem że wartość użytej tkaniny niehaftowanej nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
6302
Bielizna pościelowa, bielizna stołowa, bielizna toaletowa i bielizna kuchenna.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
-
z filcu lub włóknin:
ex 6302 a)
- - nieimpregnowane, niepowleczone, niepokryte ani nielaminowane
Wytwarzanie z włókien
ex 6302 b)
- - impregnowane, powleczone, pokryte lub laminowane
Impregnacja, powlekanie, pokrywanie lub laminowanie filcu lub włóknin, niebielonych
-
pozostałe:
- - dziane
ex 6302 c)
- - - niehaftowane
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6302 d)
- - - haftowane
Całkowite wykończenie
lub
Wytwarzanie z dzianiny niehaftowanej, pod warunkiem że wartość użytej dzianiny niehaftowanej nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
- - niedziane:
ex 6302 e)
- - - niehaftowane
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
ex 6302 f)
- - - haftowane
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Wytwarzanie z tkaniny niehaftowanej, pod warunkiem że wartość użytej tkaniny niehaftowanej nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
6303
Firanki, zasłony (włącznie z draperiami) i wewnętrzne rolety; lambrekiny zasłonowe lub łóżkowe.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
-
z filcu lub włóknin:
ex 6303 a)
- - nieimpregnowane, niepowleczone, niepokryte ani nielaminowane
Wytwarzanie z włókien
ex 6303 b)
- - impregnowane, powleczone, pokryte lub laminowane
Impregnacja, powlekanie, pokrywanie lub laminowanie filcu lub włóknin, niebielonych
-
pozostałe:
- - dziane
ex 6303 c)
- - - niehaftowane
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6303 d)
- - - haftowane
Całkowite wykończenie
lub
Wytwarzanie z dzianiny niehaftowanej, pod warunkiem że wartość użytej dzianiny niehaftowanej nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
- - niedziane:
ex 6303 e)
- - - niehaftowane
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
ex 6303 f)
- - - haftowane
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Wytwarzanie z tkaniny niehaftowanej, pod warunkiem że wartość użytej tkaniny niehaftowanej nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
6304
Pozostałe artykuły wyposażenia wnętrz, z wyłączeniem tych objętych pozycją 9404.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
-
z filcu lub włóknin:
ex 6304 a)
- - nieimpregnowane, niepowleczone, niepokryte ani nielaminowane
Wytwarzanie z włókien
ex 6304 b)
- - impregnowane, powleczone, pokryte lub laminowane
Impregnacja, powlekanie, pokrywanie lub laminowanie filcu lub włóknin, niebielonych
-
pozostałe:
- - dziane
ex 6304 c)
- - - niehaftowane
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6304 d)
- - - haftowane
Całkowite wykończenie
lub
Wytwarzanie z dzianiny niehaftowanej, pod warunkiem że wartość użytej dzianiny niehaftowanej nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
- - niedziane:
ex 6304 e)
- - - niehaftowane
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
ex 6304 f)
- - - haftowane
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Wytwarzanie z tkaniny niehaftowanej, pod warunkiem że wartość użytej tkaniny niehaftowanej nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
6305
Worki i torby, w rodzaju stosowanych do pakowania towarów.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
-
z filcu lub włóknin:
ex 6305 a)
- - nieimpregnowane, niepowleczone, niepokryte ani nielaminowane
Wytwarzanie z włókien
ex 6305 b)
- - impregnowane, powleczone, pokryte lub laminowane
Impregnacja, powlekanie, pokrywanie lub laminowanie filcu lub włóknin, niebielonych
-
pozostałe:
- - dziane
ex 6305 c)
- - - niehaftowane
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6305 d)
- - - haftowane
Całkowite wykończenie
lub
Wytwarzanie z dzianiny niehaftowanej, pod warunkiem że wartość użytej dzianiny niehaftowanej nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
- - niedziane:
ex 6305 e)
- - - niehaftowane
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
ex 6305 f)
- - - haftowane
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Wytwarzanie z tkaniny niehaftowanej, pod warunkiem że wartość użytej tkaniny niehaftowanej nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
6306
Brezenty, markizy i zasłony przeciwsłoneczne; namioty; żagle do łodzi, desek windsurfingowych lub pojazdów lądowych; wyposażenie kempingowe.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
-
Brezenty, markizy i wyposażenie kempingowe, z filcu lub włóknin:
ex 6306 a)
- - nieimpregnowane, niepowleczone, niepokryte ani nielaminowane
Wytwarzanie z włókien
ex 6306 b)
- - impregnowane, powleczone, pokryte lub laminowane
Impregnacja, powlekanie, pokrywanie lub laminowanie filcu lub włóknin, niebielonych
-
pozostałe brezenty, markizy i wyposażenie kempingowe:
- - dziane
ex 6306 c)
- - - niehaftowane
Całkowite wykończenie
ex 6306 d)
- - - haftowane
Całkowite wykończenie
lub
Wytwarzanie z dzianiny niehaftowanej, pod warunkiem że wartość użytej dzianiny niehaftowanej nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
- - niedziane:
ex 6306 e)
- - - niehaftowane
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
ex 6306 f)
- - - haftowane
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
lub
Wytwarzanie z tkaniny niehaftowanej, pod warunkiem że wartość użytej tkaniny niehaftowanej nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
ex 6306 g)
Zasłony przeciwsłoneczne; namioty; żagle do łodzi, desek windsurfingowych lub pojazdów lądowych
CTH
6307
Pozostałe artykuły gotowe, włącznie z wykrojami odzieży.
Jak określono dla podpozycji
6307 10
-
Ścierki do podłogi, zmywaki, ścierki do kurzu oraz podobne ścierki do czyszczenia
Wytwarzanie z przędzy
6307 20
-
Kamizelki i pasy ratunkowe
Wytwarzanie, w którym wartość użytych materiałów nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
6307 90
-
Pozostałe
Wytwarzanie, w którym wartość użytych materiałów nie przekracza 40 % ceny ex-works produktu
6308
Zestawy składające się z tkaniny i przędzy, nawet z dodatkami, do wykonywania dywaników (mat), obić, haftowanej bielizny stołowej lub serwetek, lub podobnych artykułów włókienniczych, pakowane w opakowania do sprzedaży detalicznej.
Włączanie do zestawu, w którym łącza wartość wszystkich włączonych niepochodzących artykułów nie przekracza 25 % ceny ex-works zestawu
6309
Odzież używana i pozostałe artykuły używane.
Zbieranie i pakowanie do wysyłki
6310
Szmaty zużyte lub nowe, odpady szpagatu, powrozów, lin i linek oraz zużyte artykuły ze szpagatu, powrozu, lin lub linek, z materiałów włókienniczych.
CTH
SEKCJA XII
OBUWIE, NAKRYCIA GŁOWY, PARASOLE, PARASOLE PRZECIWSŁONECZNE, LASKI, STOŁKI MYŚLIWSKIE, BICZE, SZPICRUTY I ICH CZĘŚCI; PIÓRA PREPAROWANE I ARTYKUŁY Z NICH; KWIATY SZTUCZNE; ARTYKUŁY Z WŁOSÓW LUDZKICH
DZIAŁ 64
Obuwie, getry i tym podobne; części tych artykułów
Działowa reguła rezydualna:
Jeżeli kraju pochodzenia nie można ustalić przez zastosowanie reguł podstawowych, krajem pochodzenia towarów jest kraj, z którego pochodzi największa część materiałów ustalona na podstawie ich wartości.
Kod HS 2012
Opis towarów
Reguły podstawowe
6401
Obuwie nieprzemakalne z podeszwami i cholewkami, z gumy lub tworzyw sztucznych, które nie są przymocowane do podeszwy ani złączone z nią za pomocą szycia, nitowania, gwoździ, wkrętów, kołków lub podobnymi sposobami.
CTH, z wyjątkiem kompletu cholewek przymocowanych do podpodeszew (wkładek) lub do innych części składowych podeszwy objętych pozycją 6406
6402
Pozostałe obuwie z podeszwami i cholewkami, z gumy lub tworzyw sztucznych.
CTH, z wyjątkiem kompletu cholewek przymocowanych do podpodeszew (wkładek) lub do innych części składowych podeszwy objętych pozycją 6406
6403
Obuwie z podeszwami z gumy, tworzyw sztucznych, skóry wyprawionej lub skóry wtórnej i cholewkami ze skóry wyprawionej.
CTH, z wyjątkiem kompletu cholewek przymocowanych do podpodeszew (wkładek) lub do innych części składowych podeszwy objętych pozycją 6406
6404
Obuwie z podeszwami z gumy, tworzyw sztucznych, skóry wyprawionej lub skóry wtórnej i cholewkami z materiałów włókienniczych.
CTH, z wyjątkiem kompletu cholewek przymocowanych do podpodeszew (wkładek) lub do innych części składowych podeszwy objętych pozycją 6406
6405
Pozostałe obuwie.
CTH, z wyjątkiem kompletu cholewek przymocowanych do podpodeszew (wkładek) lub do innych części składowych podeszwy objętych pozycją 6406
SEKCJA XIII
ARTYKUŁY Z KAMIENIA, GIPSU, CEMENTU, AZBESTU, MIKI LUB PODOBNYCH MATERIAŁÓW; WYROBY CERAMICZNE; SZKŁO I WYROBY ZE SZKŁA
DZIAŁ 69
Wyroby ceramiczne
Działowa reguła rezydualna:
Jeżeli kraju pochodzenia nie można ustalić przez zastosowanie reguł podstawowych, krajem pochodzenia towarów jest kraj, z którego pochodzi największa część materiałów ustalona na podstawie ich wartości.
Kod HS 2012
Opis towarów
Reguły podstawow
ex 6911 do ex 6913
Ceramiczne naczynia stołowe, naczynia kuchenne, pozostałe artykuły gospodarstwa domowego i toaletowe; statuetki i pozostałe artykuły dekoracyjne, ceramiczne, oraz ozdobne artykuły toaletowe
CTH
SEKCJA XIV
PERŁY NATURALNE LUB HODOWLANE, KAMIENIE SZLACHETNE LUB PÓŁSZLACHETNE, METALE SZLACHETNE, METALE PLATEROWANE METALEM SZLACHETNYM I ARTYKUŁY Z NICH; SZTUCZNA BIŻUTERIA; MONETY
DZIAŁ 71
Perły naturalne lub hodowlane, kamienie szlachetne lub półszlachetne, metale szlachetne, metale platerowane metalem szlachetnym i artykuły z nich; sztuczna biżuteria; monety
Działowa reguła rezydualna:
Jeżeli kraju pochodzenia nie można ustalić przez zastosowanie reguł podstawowych, krajem pochodzenia towarów jest kraj, z którego pochodzi największa część materiałów ustalona na podstawie ich wartości.
Kod HS 2012
Opis towarów
Reguły podstawowe
ex 7117
Sztuczna biżuteria, ceramiczna, dekorowana
CTH
SEKCJA XV
METALE NIESZLACHETNE I ARTYKUŁY Z METALI NIESZLACHETNYCH
DZIAŁ 72
Żeliwo i stal
Definicja
Do celów niniejszego działu wyrażenia „walcowane na zimno” i „gięte na zimno” oznaczają redukcję na zimno prowadzącą do zmian struktury krystalicznej przedmiotu. Wyrażenia te nie obejmują bardzo lekkich procesów walcowania na zimno i gięcia na zimno (tzw. skin pass lub pinch pass), które działają tylko na powierzchni materiału i nie powodują zmian jego struktury krystalicznej.
Uwaga do działu:
Do celów niniejszego działu zmiany klasyfikacji wynikającej jedynie z cięcia nie uznaje się za nadającej pochodzenie.
Działowa reguła rezydualna:
Jeżeli kraju pochodzenia nie można ustalić przez zastosowanie reguł podstawowych, krajem pochodzenia towarów jest kraj, z którego pochodzi największa część materiałów ustalona na podstawie ich wartości.
Kod HS 2012
Opis towarów
Reguły podstawowe
7201
Surówka i surówka zwierciadlista, w gąskach, blokach lub pozostałych pierwotnych postaciach.
CTH
7202
Żelazostopy.
CTH
7203
Wyroby zawierające żelazo otrzymywane przez bezpośrednie odtlenianie rudy żelaza i pozostałych gąbczastych wyrobów zawierających żelazo, w bryłach, granulkach lub w podobnych postaciach; żelazo o minimalnej czystości 99,94 % masy, w bryłach, granulkach lub w podobnych postaciach.
CTH
7204
Odpady i złom żeliwa i stali; wlewki do przetopienia z żeliwa lub stali.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 7204 a)
-
Odpady i złom żeliwa i stali
Krajem pochodzenia towarów objętych niniejszą pozycją dzieloną jest kraj, w którym otrzymano je w wyniku działalności wytwórczej lub przetwórczej lub konsumpcji.
ex 7204 b)
-
Wlewki do przetopienia z żeliwa lub stali
Krajem pochodzenia towarów objętych niniejszą pozycją dzieloną jest kraj, w którym odpady i złom wykorzystane do ich uzyskania otrzymano w wyniku działalności wytwórczej lub przetwórczej lub konsumpcji.
7205
Surówka, surówka zwierciadlista, żeliwo lub stal, w postaci granulek lub proszku.
Jak określono dla podpozycji
7205 10
-
Granulki
CTH
-
Proszki:
7205 21
- - Ze stali stopowej
Jak określono dla podpozycji dzielonych
ex 7205 21 a)
- - - Mieszane proszki ze stali stopowej
CTSH lub CTSHS, pod warunkiem przetopienia lub atomizacji stopu odlewniczego
ex 7205 21 b)
- - - Niemieszane proszki ze stali stopowej
CTSH
7205 29
- - Pozostałe
Jak określono dla podpozycji dzielonych
ex 7205 29 a)
- - - Inne mieszane proszki
CTSH lub CTSHS, pod warunkiem przetopienia lub atomizacji stopu odlewniczego
ex 7205 29 b)
- - - Inne niemieszane proszki
CTSH
7206
Żeliwo i stal niestopowa w postaci wlewków lub w pozostałych formach pierwotnych (z wyłączeniem żelaza objętego pozycją 7203).
CTH
7207
Półprodukty z żeliwa lub stali niestopowej.
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7206
7208
Wyroby walcowane płaskie z żeliwa lub stali niestopowej, o szerokości 600 mm lub większej, walcowane na gorąco, nieplaterowane, niepokryte ani niepowleczone.
CTH
7209
Wyroby walcowane płaskie z żeliwa lub stali niestopowej, o szerokości 600 mm lub większej, walcowane na zimno, nieplaterowane, niepowleczone lub niepokryte.
CTH
7210
Wyroby walcowane płaskie z żeliwa lub stali niestopowej, o szerokości 600 mm lub większej, platerowane, powleczone lub pokryte.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 7210 a)
-
Platerowane
CTHS
ex 7210 b)
-
Powleczone lub pokryte cyną, oraz zadrukowane lub lakierowane
CTH
ex 7210 c)
-
Powleczone lub pokryte cynkiem, oraz faliste
CTH
ex 7210 d)
-
Pozostałe
CTH
7211
Wyroby walcowane płaskie z żeliwa lub stali niestopowej, o szerokości mniejszej niż 600 mm, nieplaterowane, niepowleczone ani niepokryte.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 7211 a)
-
Walcowane na gorąco
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7208
ex 7211 b)
-
Walcowane na zimno
CTHS, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7209
7212
Wyroby walcowane płaskie z żeliwa lub stali niestopowej, o szerokości mniejszej niż 600 mm, platerowane, powleczone lub pokryte.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 7212 a)
-
Platerowane
CTHS, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7210
ex 7212 b)
-
Pozostałe
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7210
7213
Sztaby i pręty, walcowane na gorąco, w nieregularnie zwijanych kręgach, z żeliwa lub stali niestopowej.
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7214
7214
Pozostałe sztaby i pręty z żeliwa lub stali niestopowej, nieobrobione więcej niż kute, walcowane na gorąco, ciągnione na gorąco lub wyciskane na gorąco, ale z włączeniem tych, które po walcowaniu zostały skręcone.
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7213
7215
Pozostałe sztaby i pręty, z żeliwa lub stali niestopowej.
CTH
7216
Kątowniki, kształtowniki i profile, z żeliwa lub stali niestopowej.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 7216 a)
-
Nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na gorąco
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7208, 7209, 7210, 7211 lub 7212, oraz z wyjątkiem pozycji 7213, 7214 lub 7215, jeżeli ta zmiana wynika z cięcia lub gięcia
ex 7216 b)
-
Nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na zimno
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7209 lub pozycji dzielonej ex 7211 b), i z wyjątkiem pozycji 7215, jeżeli ta zmiana wynika z cięcia lub gięcia.
ex 7216 c)
-
Platerowane
CTHS
ex 7216 d)
-
Pozostałe
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7208 do 7215
7217
Drut z żeliwa lub stali niestopowej.
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7213 do 7215; lub zmiana z pozycji 7213 do 7215, pod warunkiem że materiał gięto na zimno.
7218
Stal nierdzewna w postaci wlewków lub pozostałych form pierwotnych; półprodukty ze stali nierdzewnej.
CTH
7219
Wyroby walcowane płaskie ze stali nierdzewnej, o szerokości 600 mm lub większej.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 7219 a)
-
Nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na gorąco
CTH
ex 7219 b)
-
Nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na zimno
CTHS
ex 7219 c)
-
Platerowane
CTHS
ex 7219 d)
-
Pozostałe
CTHS
7220
Wyroby walcowane płaskie ze stali nierdzewnej, o szerokości mniejszej niż 600 mm.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 7220 a)
-
Nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na gorąco
CTH, z wyjątkiem 7219
ex 7220 b)
-
Nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na zimno
CTHS
ex 7220 c)
-
Platerowane
CTHS
ex 7220 d)
-
Pozostałe
CTHS
7221
Sztaby i pręty ze stali nierdzewnej, walcowane na gorąco, w nieregularnych kręgach.
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7222
7222
Pozostałe sztaby i pręty, ze stali nierdzewnej; kątowniki, kształtowniki i profile ze stali nierdzewnej.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 7222 a)
-
Sztaby i pręty, nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na gorąco
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7221
ex 7222 b)
-
Kątowniki, kształtowniki i profile, nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na gorąco
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7219 lub 7220 oraz z wyjątkiem pozycji 7221 lub pozycji dzielonej ex 7222 a), jeżeli ta zmiana wynika z cięcia lub gięcia.
ex 7222 c)
-
Sztaby i pręty, kątowniki, kształtowniki i profile, nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na zimno
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji dzielonej ex 7219 b) lub ex 7220 b); lub CTHS z pozycji dzielonej ex 7222 a)
ex 7222 d)
-
Sztaby i pręty, kątowniki, kształtowniki i profile, platerowane
CTHS
ex 7222 e)
-
Pozostałe sztaby i pręty
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7221
ex 7222 f)
-
Pozostałe kątowniki, kształtowniki i profile
CTHS
7223
Drut ze stali nierdzewnej.
CTH, z wyjątkiem 7221 do 7222; albo zmiana z pozycji 7221 do 7222, pod warunkiem że materiał gięto na zimno.
7224
Pozostała stal stopowa w postaci wlewków lub w pozostałych pierwotnych formach; półprodukty z pozostałej stali stopowej.
CTH
7225
Wyroby walcowane płaskie z pozostałej stali stopowej, o szerokości 600 mm lub większej.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 7225 a)
-
Nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na gorąco
CTH
ex 7225 b)
-
Nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na zimno
CTHS
ex 7225 c)
-
Platerowane
CTHS
ex 7225 d)
-
Pozostałe
CTH
7226
Wyroby walcowane płaskie z pozostałej stali stopowej, o szerokości mniejszej niż 600 mm.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 7226 a)
-
Nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na gorąco
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7225
ex 7226 b)
-
Nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na zimno
CTHS, z wyłączeniem produktów walcowanych na zimno objętych pozycją 7225
ex 7226 c)
-
Platerowane
CTHS
ex 7226 d)
-
Pozostałe
CTHS, z wyłączeniem tej samej podpozycji
7227
Sztaby i pręty, z pozostałej stali stopowej, walcowane na gorąco, w nieregularnych kręgach.
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7228
7228
Pozostałe sztaby i pręty, z pozostałej stali stopowej; kątowniki, kształtowniki i profile z pozostałej stali stopowej; sztaby i pręty drążone ze stali stopowej lub niestopowej, nadające się do celów wiertniczych.
Jak określono dla pozycji dzielonych
ex 7228 a)
-
Sztaby i pręty, nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na gorąco
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7227
ex 7228 b)
-
Kątowniki, kształtowniki i profile, nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na gorąco
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7225 lub 7226 oraz z wyjątkiem pozycji 7227 lub pozycji dzielonej ex 7228 a), jeżeli ta zmiana wynika z cięcia lub gięcia.
ex 7228 c)
-
Sztaby i pręty, kątowniki, kształtowniki i profile, nieobrobione więcej niż walcowane na zimno
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji dzielonej ex 7225 b) lub ex 7226 b) lub CTHS z pozycji dzielonej ex 7228 a)
ex 7228 d)
-
Sztaby i pręty, kątowniki, kształtowniki i profile, platerowane
CTHS
ex 7228 e)
-
Pozostałe sztaby i pręty
CTHS
ex 7228 f)
-
Pozostałe kątowniki, kształtowniki i profile
CTHS
7229
Drut z pozostałej stali stopowej.
CTH, z wyjątkiem pozycji 7227 do 7228; lub zmiana z pozycji 7227 do 7228, pod warunkiem że materiał gięto na zimno.
DZIAŁ 73
Artykuły z żeliwa lub stali
Uwaga do działu:
W odniesieniu do pozycji 7318 prostego zamocowania części, bez operacji szlifowania do kształtu, obróbki termicznej i obróbki powierzchniowej, nie uznaje się za nadającego pochodzenie.
Działowa reguła rezydualna:
Jeżeli kraju pochodzenia nie można ustalić przez zastosowanie reguł podstawowych, krajem pochodzenia towarów jest kraj, z którego pochodzi największa część materiałów ustalona na podstawie ich wartości.
Kod HS 2012
Opis towarów
Reguły podstawowe
7301
Ścianka szczelna z żeliwa lub stali, nawet drążona, tłoczona lub wykonana z połączonych elementów; spawane, zgrzewane kątowniki, kształtowniki i profile, z żeliwa lub stali
CTH
7302
Elementy konstrukcyjne torów kolejowych lub tramwajowych, z żeliwa lub stali: szyny, odbojnice i szyny zębate, iglice zwrotnicowe, krzyżownice, pręty zwrotnicowe i pozostałe elementy skrzyżowań, podkłady kolejowe, nakładki stykowe, siodełka szynowe, kliny siodełkowe, podkładki szynowe, łapki mocujące, płyty podstawowe, cięgna i pozostałe elementy przeznaczone do łączenia lub mocowania szyn.
CTH
7303
Rury, przewody rurowe i profile drążone, z żeliwa
CTH
7304
Rury, przewody rurowe i profile drążone, bez szwu, żelazne (inne niż żeliwne) lub ze stali.
| 41,265 |
https://github.com/weijiang8410/lifeInSpace/blob/master/core/src/net/jppresents/space/SetPosition.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT, CC-BY-4.0
| 2,016 |
lifeInSpace
|
weijiang8410
|
Java
|
Code
| 13 | 34 |
package net.jppresents.space;
public interface SetPosition {
public void setPosition(float x, float y);
}
| 220 |
https://github.com/InNoHurryToCode/xray-162/blob/master/code/engine/xrGame/alife_storage_manager_inline.h
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
xray-162
|
InNoHurryToCode
|
C
|
Code
| 45 | 142 |
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Module : alife_storage_manager_inline.h
// Created : 25.12.2002
// Modified : 12.05.2004
// Author : Dmitriy Iassenev
// Description : ALife Simulator storage manager inline functions
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#pragma once
IC CALifeStorageManager::CALifeStorageManager(xrServer* server, LPCSTR section)
: inherited(server, section) {
m_section = section;
xr_strcpy(m_save_name, "");
}
| 19,048 |
https://github.com/Forinil/hateoas-dual-layer/blob/master/hateoas-dual-layer-frontend-facade/src/main/java/com/github/forinil/hateoasduallayer/service/impl/RESTUserService.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
hateoas-dual-layer
|
Forinil
|
Java
|
Code
| 100 | 487 |
package com.github.forinil.hateoasduallayer.service.impl;
import com.github.forinil.hateoasduallayer.client.RestClient;
import com.github.forinil.hateoasduallayer.entity.User;
import com.github.forinil.hateoasduallayer.model.UserData;
import com.github.forinil.hateoasduallayer.repository.UserRepository;
import com.github.forinil.hateoasduallayer.service.UserService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.Optional;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class RESTUserService implements UserService {
private RestClient restClient;
private UserRepository userRepository;
@Autowired
public RESTUserService(RestClient restClient,
UserRepository userRepository) {
this.restClient = restClient;
this.userRepository = userRepository;
}
@Override
public Optional<UserData> getUserForUID(int uid) {
logger.debug("Getting user data for UID: {}", uid);
Optional<UserData> userData;
logger.debug("Trying to fetch user from cache");
Optional<User> user = userRepository.findById(uid);
boolean fromCache = user.isPresent();
userData = user.map(user1 -> Optional.of(new UserData(user1.getUserID(),
user1.getUserLogin(),
user1.getUserRights())))
.orElseGet(() -> restClient.getUserDetails(uid));
if (!fromCache) {
userData.ifPresent(userData1 -> userRepository.save(new User(userData1)));
}
return userData;
}
}
| 31,079 |
https://github.com/kryptco/rusoto-wasm-compatible/blob/master/integration_tests/tests/redshift.rs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT, LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference
| 2,018 |
rusoto-wasm-compatible
|
kryptco
|
Rust
|
Code
| 34 | 135 |
#![cfg(feature = "redshift")]
extern crate rusoto_core;
extern crate rusoto_redshift;
use rusoto_redshift::{Redshift, RedshiftClient, DescribeClustersMessage};
use rusoto_core::Region;
#[test]
fn should_describe_clusters() {
let client = RedshiftClient::simple(Region::UsEast1);
let request = DescribeClustersMessage::default();
let result = client.describe_clusters(&request).sync();
println!("{:#?}", result);
}
| 44,157 |
https://github.com/Arctos6135/RobotLib/blob/master/src/main/java/com/arctos6135/robotlib/motors/package-info.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
RobotLib
|
Arctos6135
|
Java
|
Code
| 15 | 36 |
/**
* This package contains classes related to motors offered by RobotLib.
*/
package com.arctos6135.robotlib.motors;
| 8,077 |
US-202117358924-A_2
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,021 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 6,814 | 9,169 |
In another example, the IVR server 130 may receive the call, play IVRoptions to the caller, receive selection of one or more IVR options, andthen redirect the call to the VA server 140. The caller may listen tothe IVR options played, select one or more IVR options in the IVR menu,and not receive a resolution. The call may be redirected to the VA IVRserver 170 communicatively coupled to the VA server 140, upon the IVRserver 130 detecting that a resolution is not provided to the caller,although the call may be redirected to the VA IVR server 170 based onother factors. For example, the call may also be redirected to the VAIVR server 170 communicatively coupled to the VA server 140 based oncall volume, agent availability, call waiting time, or the like. The IVRsever 130 may along with the redirection of the call, output to the VAIVR server 170 communicatively coupled to the VA server 140 the one ormore call parameters such as a caller number, a caller location, acalled number, a call status, a call waiting time, called numberidentification parameters, caller identification parameters, callerpreferences, input mechanism identifier, message or options selectedduring the interaction with the IVR server 130, although other callparameters or other metadata may be sent to the VA IVR server 170communicatively coupled to the VA server 140.
In another example, the IVR server 130 may immediately redirect the callto the VA IVR server 170 communicatively coupled to the VA server 140without playing IVR options.
The VA IVR server 170 communicatively coupled to the VA server 140 mayreceive the call redirected from the IVR server 130 and the one or morecall parameters corresponding to the redirected call. The redirection ofthe call will be further illustrated below. The IVR server 130 may useSIP to initiate communication with the VA IVR server 170. Subsequently,the VA IVR server 170 and one of the mobile computing device 102, thepersonal computing device 104, the software program 106, the hardwaredevice 108, or the intelligent device 110 from which the call originatedmay communicate using RTP/RTCP through network 120. The VA IVR server170 may receive a voice input from one of the mobile computing device102, the personal computing device 104, the software program 106, thehardware device 108, or the intelligent device 110 from which the calloriginated, and use ASR to convert the voice input to text input,although the VA IVR server 170 may receive the voice input, by way ofexample, from the IVR server 130, other components illustrated in FIG.1, or other such components. The VA IVR server 170 may, using a webrequest such as a HTTP request, send the text input to the VA server140. Also, the IVR server 130 may use SIP to pass the one or more callparameters in a custom header to the VA IVR server 170. The VA IVRserver 170 may extract the one or more call parameters from the customheader and output the extracted one or more call parameters to the VAserver 140 in a web request such as a HTTP request.
Now referring back to FIG. 4, at step 404, the VA server 140 may inputthe received one or more call parameters to the predictive model 230which may output a routing decision to route the call to one of theintelligent communication modes 150(1)-150(n) or to the agent device160.
At step 406, the VA server 140 may route the redirected call to one ofthe intelligent communication modes 150(1)-150(n) or the agent device160 identified by predictive model 230. The predictive model 230 mayprocess the received one or more call parameters and may output arouting decision to route the redirected call to one of the intelligentcommunication modes 150(1)-150(n) or the agent device 160 based on thereceived one or more call parameters. In one example, routing the callfrom the VA server 140 to the chat based intelligent communication mode150(1) may include playing a prompt message to the caller using the VAIVR server 170 that the conversation will be continued in a chatsession, although the call may be routed to other intelligentcommunication modes 150(2)-150(n). The prompt message may also request apermission from the caller to switch to a chat session. In someexamples, the decision to play the prompt message may be based on a callparameter such as “caller preferences”, although other types of callparameters may be used to take the decision to play the prompt message.The VA server 140 may not request permission from the caller to switchto the chat session if, for example, the caller preferences indicate apreference to converse using chat. After playing the prompt message, theVA server 140 may request a phone number from the caller to initiate thechat session. The VA server 140 may receive the phone number and mayconverse using text messages, for example using short messaging service(SMS) with the received phone number. Alternatively, the VA server 140may send a URL in an SMS to the received phone number which whenclicked, opens a chat session in a web browser, application, software orin a third-party messenger such as Facebook Messenger®, Google Hangout®,or the like, in one of the mobile computing device 102, the personalcomputing device 104, the software program 106, the hardware device 108,or the intelligent device 110 corresponding to the phone number,although the chat session may be initiated using other means orapplications. The VA server 140 may also initiate the chat session inthird-party messengers such as WhatsApp®, Telegram®, or the like in oneof the mobile computing device 102, the personal computing device 104,the software program 106, the hardware device 108, or the intelligentdevice 110 corresponding to the phone number. Upon initiating the chatsession, the VA server 140 may display the prompt message that thecaller is chatting with a bot and continue the chat session.
At step 408, the VA server 140 may use the received one or more callparameters to configure an initial response or a future response to beoutput in one of the intelligent communication modes 150(1)-150(n)identified by the predictive model 230 or the agent device 160. The VAserver 140 may use the received one or more call parameters as entitiesto the configure the initial response or the future response, althoughthe one or more call parameters may be used in other ways to configure aresponse. In one example, the one or more call parameters may be used aspreconditions to configure a response. The intelligent communicationmodes 150(1)-150(n) may comprise chat, email, SMS, or voice, althoughthe intelligent communication modes 150(1)-150(n) may comprise othermodes of communication. For example, based on identifying that the oneor more call parameters include caller identification parameter: Johnsmith, premium customer, caller location: Orlando, IVR options selected:credit cards and offers, the chat based intelligent communication mode150(1) may immediately present the user with credit card offersavailable to John Smith. As John smith is a premium customer, uponselection of a credit card, the chat based intelligent communicationmode 150(1) may display that the selected credit card will be dispatchedon priority. The VA server 140 may also provide a different interactionexperience in the intelligent communication modes 150(1)-150(n) based onthe one or more call parameters. For example, the chat based intelligentcommunication mode 150(1) may display a different user interface to apremium customer.
Routing Using the One or More Call Parameters
For further illustration, back at step 404, the VA server 140 mayalternatively, in one example, not use the predictive model 230. In thisexample, the VA server 140 may route the redirected call to one of theintelligent communication modes 150(1)-150(n) using the one or more callparameters. The IVR server 130 may send the one or more call parametersto the VA IVR server 170 in a custom header. In one example, the one ormore call parameters may include a key value pair, for example,communicationMode=chat, indicating the one of the intelligentcommunication modes 150(1)-150(n) to route the call to, although the oneor more call parameters may include other types of call parameters. TheVA IVR server 170 may extract the information from the SIP custom headerand output the one or more call parameters to the VA server 140. The VAserver 140, based on the one or more call parameters, may communicatewith the caller in one of the intelligent communication modes150(1)-150(n) and configure a text response based the one or more callparameters.
Routing Using a Rule-Based Model
Back at step 404, the VA server 140 may not use the predictive model 230and, in another example, alternatively may input the received one ormore call parameters to a rule-based model. In this example, therule-based model may include pre-configured routing rules. The receivedone or more call parameters may be input to the rule-based model whichmay identify one of the intelligent communication modes 150(1)-150(n) orthe agent device 160 to route the call to. In one example, therule-based model may be used to take the routing decisions when trainingdata is not available or is not sufficient to train the predictive model230. The predictive model 230 may take the routing decisions oncesufficient training data is available to train the predictive model 230.Any bias existing in the training data may be detected and removedbefore training the predictive model 230. Further, the rules may becreated in such a way to expose the predictive model 230 to multiplerouting scenarios.
In one example, the rule-based model may include a rule: IF (callwaiting time >300 s), THEN (routing decision=“agent device”). The rulespecifies that, if the call waiting time of the caller at the IVR server130 is greater than 300 seconds, the rule-based model outputs a routingdecision to route the call to the agent device 160. The rule-based modelmay also include complex rules which consider the state or values of twoor more call parameters. In one example, rules may be created in anyprogramming language executable by the VA server 140.
In one example, rules may be configured by an enterprise administratorin the VA server 140. The enterprise administrator may use a log-inidentifier and a password to access a web page of the VA server 140 toconfigure one or more rules. The configured rules may be overridden bythe VA server 140 based on one or more call parameters or fulfillmentparameters. In one example, the configured rule may route the call to achat based intelligent communication mode 150(1). However, based on thefulfillment parameters or one or more call parameters of previous calls,the VA server 140 may identify that the callers when routed based on theconfigured rule are not receiving an expected resolution. Subsequently,the VA server 140 may override the rule and route the call to anotherone of the intelligent communication modes 150(2)-150(n).
The VA server 140 may include a bot capable of communicating using theintelligent communication modes 150(1)-150(n). In one example, the VAIVR server 170 may include a channel, such as Twilio Voice®, which maybe enabled in the bot of the VA server 140. The channel may handlefunctions such as automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text-to-speech(TTS) conversion. The channel may perform ASR of a voice input from thecall redirected from the IVR server 130 and convert the voice input totext input. The text input may be output to the bot URL of the botconfigured to be invoked in the VA IVR server 140 upon receipt of thecall. The bot may identify an intent corresponding to the text input,and output a text response to the Twilio Voice® channel which performsTTS conversion of the text response and provides a voice response to oneof the mobile computing device 102, the personal computing device 104,the software program 106, the hardware device 108, or the intelligentdevice 110 from which the call originated. In some examples, otherchannels such Facebook Messenger®, Slack®, email, SMS, or the like maybe enabled in the bot, although other channels may be enabled in thebot.
Referring to FIG. 5, a flow chart of another example of a method 500 ofthe VA server 140, shown in FIGS. 1-2, routing an incoming call isillustrated. The VA IVR server 170 receives a voice input, converts thevoice input to a text input and inputs the text input using a HTTPrequest to the VA server 140. At step 502, the VA server 140 may receivea web request such as the HTTP request with one or more call parameterscorresponding to a call redirected from the IVR server 130. The HTTPrequest may include a call parameter “call Status” which may indicatecall initiation, ringing of the call, answering of a call, or completionof the call, although the “call Status” may indicate other types ofstatus. In one example, the HTTP request may also include a callparameter “message” having the text input as the value. In one example,the call parameter “message” may not have a value when the “call Status”indicates ringing, although the call parameter “message” may have othervalues. This may indicate that the caller has not provided any input anda conversation must be initiated with the caller.
At step 504, the VA server 140 may input the one or more callparameters, corresponding to the redirected call, to a predictive model230 and then upon receiving a decision from the predictive model 230,the VA server 140 routes the call to either voice or chat, althoughother types of inputs may be provided to the predictive model. Thepredictive model 230 may be a software module or software code which maybe stored in the memory 204, which when executed by the VA server 140may output a routing decision. The routing decision in this example mayinclude conversing with the caller in the voice based intelligentcommunication mode 150(n) or conversing with the caller in the chatbased intelligent communication mode 150(1), although the routingdecision may include conversing with the caller in other intelligentcommunication modes such as chat, email, SMS, or the like. If thepredictive model 230 makes the routing decision to continue theconversation in the voice based intelligent communication mode 150(n),then the method 500 takes the voice branch to step 506.
For further illustration, the redirected call may be continued in thevoice mode by the VA server 140. The VA IVR server 170 may be configuredto receive a voice input, one or more call parameters from the IVRserver 130, convert the voice input to text input and output the textinput to the VA server 140. The VA IVR server 170 may also forward theone or more call parameters to the VA server 140. The VA server 140 mayreceive the text input from the VA IVR server 170, identify an intentcorresponding to the text input and output a text response to the VA IVRserver 170 which converts the text response to voice response andoutputs the voice response to the caller, although the VA server 140 andthe VA IVR server 170 may perform other functions.
Going back to FIG. 5, at step 506, the VA server 140 may output a textbased welcome message to the VA IVR server 170 which may in turn outputthe corresponding voice based welcome message to the network 120 whichmay in turn play the corresponding voice based welcome message to thecaller. In response, the VA IVR server 170 may receive a voice inputfrom the caller through the network 120. Subsequently, the VA IVR server170 may convert the voice input received from the caller to a text inputand forward the text input to the VA server 140. The VA server 140 mayuse the one or more call parameters to configure the text based welcomemessage.
At step 512, the VA server 140 determines if the intent corresponding tothe text input can be identified. If the intent corresponding to thetext input is identified by the VA server 140, then the method 500 takesthe Yes branch to step 516.
At step 516, the VA server 140 continues the conversation by outputtingto the VA IVR server 170, a text response corresponding to the textinput. The VA IVR server 170 may convert the text response into a voiceresponse and outputs the voice response to the network 120 which mayplay the voice response to the caller. The VA server 140 may use the oneor more call parameters to configure the text response. The one or morecall parameters may be used to configure any response output during theconversation. The responses output by the VA server 140 may includemessages with or without options selectable by the caller.
Back at step 512, if the intent corresponding to the text input is notidentified by the VA server 140, then the method 500 takes the No branchto step 514. At step 514, the VA server 140 may transfer the call to theagent device 160. In one example, the VA server 140 may transfer thecall to the agent device 160 using the VA IVR server 170.
In some examples, the VA server 140 may also disconnect the voice calland initiate a synchronous or an asynchronous chat session with the oneof the mobile computing device 102, the personal computing device 104,the software program 106, the hardware device 108, or the intelligentdevice 110 associated with the caller. The VA server 140 may initiatethe chat session upon a request from the caller, although the VA server140 may use other rules or methods to initiate the chat session. The VAserver 140 may request a phone number of the caller using the VA IVRserver 170 and send a text message with a URL to the phone number of thecaller. The URL which when clicked may initiate a chat session with theVA server 140, for example, in a web browser executable by one of themobile computing device 102, the personal computing device 104, thesoftware program 106, the hardware device 108, or the intelligent device110 associated with the phone number of the caller. The chat session mayalso be initiated using other means such as mobile applications. If backat step 504, the predictive model 230 takes a routing decision toconverse with the caller in a chat based intelligent communication mode150(1), then the method 500 takes the chat branch to step 508. At step508, the VA server 140 may send an output including content requestingthe phone number of the caller to the VA IVR server 170. The VA IVRserver 170 may in turn send the output requesting the phone number ofthe caller, to the caller through the network 120. The caller afterreceiving the request, may provide a phone number to the VA IVR server170 through the network 120, which may be output to the VA server 140.The VA server 140 may output a text message with a uniform resourcelocator (URL) to the phone number provided by the caller. Upon selectionof the URL, such as the caller clicking the URL, the VA server 140 may,at step 510, initiate a chat session in a web browser, although the chatsession may be initiated using other software. The VA server 140 mayinitiate communication in the chat session by outputting a welcomemessage. The welcome message may be configured by the VA server 140based on the one or more call parameters. The welcome message may pose aquestion to the caller requesting an input in the form of a message or aselection. At step 512, the VA server 140 determines if the intent corresponding tothe first chat input is identified. If the intent corresponding to thefirst chat input is identified, then the method 500 takes the Yes branchto step 516.
At step 516, the VA server 140 continues the conversation by outputtinga first chat response corresponding to the first chat input, forexample, in the form of text to the one of the mobile computing device102, the personal computing device 104, the software program 106, thehardware device 108, or the intelligent device 110 communicating withthe VA server 140. The web browser may display the first chat responseto the caller. The first chat response may also include digital formswhich may be output based on the first chat input or the one or morecall parameters. The digital forms may also be generated dynamicallybased on the first chat input or the one or more call parameters.
If back at step 512, the intent corresponding to the first chat input isnot identified by the VA server 140, then the method 500 takes the Nobranch to step 514. At step 514, the VA server 140 may transfer the chatsession to the agent device 160. It may be understood that the VA server140 may use other applications or software modules instead of the webbrowser to perform the above-mentioned operations of the web browser.
Referring to FIG. 6, a sequence diagram illustrating an example of amethod of the VA server 140, shown in FIGS. 1-2, orchestrating anautomated conversation in a voice based intelligent communication mode150(n) is illustrated. Step 610, 630, 644 may be performed by one of themobile computing device 102, the personal computing device 104, thesoftware program 106, the hardware device 108, or the intelligent device110 in communication with network 120. Step 612, 614 may be performed bythe network 120 and the IVR server 130. Step 616 may be performed by theIVR server 130 and the VA IVR server 170. Step 618 may be performed bythe VA IVR server 170 and the IVR server 130. Step 619 may be performedby the VA IVR server 170 and the network 120. Steps 620, 624, 626, 634,636, 640 and 642 may be performed by the VA IVR server 170 independentlyor using third-party applications. Steps 628, 632, and 644 may beperformed by the network 120. Steps 622 and 638 may be performed by theVA server 140. It may be understood that one of the mobile computingdevice 102, the personal computing device 104, the software program 106,the hardware device 108, or the intelligent device 110 and the network120 may communicate with each other using an RTP session, although othertypes of communication may be used.
In step 610, one of the mobile computing device 102, the personalcomputing device 104, the software program 106, the hardware device 108,or the intelligent device 110 may initiate a call to the IVR server 130through network 120. In step 612, the network 120 may establish a firstSIP session with the IVR server 130. Subsequently, in step 614, a firstRTP session may be established between the network 120 and the IVRserver 130. The caller may listen to the IVR options provided by the IVRserver 130 and provide inputs using voice or by providing DTMF keyinputs, although the caller may provide inputs using other methods ormeans.
The IVR server 130 may decide to redirect the call to the VA IVR server170 based on one or more rules. The IVR server 130 may decide toredirect the call immediately upon the IVR server 130 receiving the callor after the caller selects one or more IVR options. In step 616, toredirect the call, the IVR server 130 and the VA IVR server 170 mayestablish a second SIP session with each other. Further in the step 616,the IVR server 130 may send to the VA IVR server 170, one or morerouting tables comprising IP address, port information related to thenetwork 120, although other types of information may be sent to the VAIVR server 170.
The IVR server 130 may pass one or more call parameters to the VA IVRserver 170 in a custom header. The VA IVR server 170 may extract the oneor more call parameters from the custom header. In one example, thecustom header may have a prefix “X-”, although other formats may be usedin the custom header. The IVR server 130 may send the one or more callparameters to the VA IVR server 170, for example, in the formatmentioned below.
X-CustomHeader1:
callparameter1=value1;callparameter2=value2;callparameter3=value3
It may be understood that other formats may be used to send the one ormore parameters and their values to the VA IVR server 170.
In step 618, a second RTP session may be established between the network120 and the VA IVR server 170. In step 619, a third RTP session may beestablished between the VA IVR server 170 and the network 120 using theIP address, port information sent in step 616. The first SIP session andthe second SIP session may be established using messaging formats andmethods described in the Request for Comments (RFCs) and otherdocumentation corresponding to Session initiation protocol published bythe Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The first RTP session, thesecond RTP session, and the third RTP session may be initiated andmaintained using protocols such as RTP or RTCP, although other protocolsmay be used to initiate and maintain the first RTP session, the secondRTP session, and the third RTP session.
For further illustration, in one example, the IVR server 130 may send aSIP REFER to the network 120 with the uniform resource identifier (URI)corresponding to the VA IVR server 170. Based on this information, thenetwork 120 may subsequently establish the second SIP session and thesecond RTP session with the VA IVR server 170. In this example, the IVRserver 130 and the network 120 may terminate the first SIP session andthe first RTP session. Further, in this example, the third RTP sessionmay not be established.
Now referring back to FIG. 6, in step 620, the VA IVR server 170 mayinvoke a configured bot URL associated with a bot of the VA server 140using a web request such as, for example, a HTTP request. The VA IVRserver 170 may also extract the one or more parameters from the customheader and send the extracted one or more call parameters to the VAserver 140 in the HTTP request. When invoking the bot URL, the VA IVRserver 170 may also send the extracted one or more call parameters aspart of the payload of the HTTP request, indicating call initiation,ringing of the call, answering of a call, or completion of the call, orthe like, although call parameters of other types and values may be sentby the VA IVR server 170. In one example, the payload of the HTTPrequest may include the content mentioned below.
Called=%2B10002700434&ToState=AL&CallerCountry=LS&Direction=inbound&CallerState=&ToZip=&CallSid=CAabc303d76ba606ae2ba6f847e8771922&To=%2E12512700434&CallerZip=&ToCountry=US&ApiVersion=2019-04-02&CalledZip=&CallStatus=ringing&&Message=&CallerIdentificationParameter=John&CalledCity=&From=%2B266696627&AccountSid=ABcde0991dae7309b636cbbc26e1eeff27&CalledCountry=US&ApplicanonSid=XY05c44e04da06d368512d3e236ed6fe52&CallerCity=&Caller=%2B266633333&FromCountry=LS&ToCity=&FromCity=&CalledState=AL&FromZip=&FromState=&IvrOptionsSelected=
The payload includes key value pairs, for example, having a key:CallStatus and the corresponding value: ringing. The payload may includeone or more call parameters as disclosed above, although other types ofcall parameters may be sent by the VA IVR server 170.
In step 622, the VA server 140 may identify based on the received one ormore call parameters that the caller wishes to communicate with the VAserver 140 and configure a first text response. The first text responsemay be a message configured based on the one or more parameters. In oneexample, as the call parameter “Message” does not have value, the VAserver 140 may identify that the caller has not provided an input andthe first text response may be configured as a welcome message. The VAserver 140 may identify that the caller identification parameter has thevalue “John”. In this example, the first text response may be a welcomemessage such as “Hi John, how can I help you,” and may be output to theVA IVR server 170 in the format mentioned below, although other formatsmay be used.
<?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?><Response><Say> hi John how can Ihelp you </Say</Response>
In step 624, the VA IVR server 170 may convert the first text responseinto first voice response, for example, using text-to-speech (TTS)conversion. In some examples, the VA IVR server 170 may use athird-party application for TTS conversion.
In step 626, the VA IVR server 170 may output the first voice responseto the network 120 which may, in step 628, play the first voice responseto one of the mobile computing device 102, the personal computing device104, the software program 106, the hardware device 108, or theintelligent device 110 from which the call originated through thenetwork 120.
In step 630, one of the mobile computing device 102, the personalcomputing device 104, the software program 106, the hardware device 108,or the intelligent device 110 from which the call originated or a humanoperating one of the mobile computing device 102, the personal computingdevice 104, the software program 106, the hardware device 108, or theintelligent device 110 from which the call originated may provide avoice input to the network 120, in response to the first voice responseplayed in step 628, although other types of input such as a key inputgenerating DTMF tones may be provided. In step 632, the network 120 mayoutput the voice input to the VA IVR server 170. The voice input may bea response to the first voice response played in step 628, a question ora description of an issue needing resolution.
In step 634, the voice input may be converted to text input by the VAIVR server 170, for example, using an automatic speech recognition (ASR)engine of the VA IVR server 170. In some examples, the VA IVR server 170may use a third-party application for ASR.
In step 636, the VA IVR server 170 may output the text input to the VAserver 140. In step 638, the VA server 140 may receive the text input,identify a corresponding intent, and output a second text response tothe VA IVR server 170. In step 640, the VA IVR server 170 may receivethe second text response and convert the second text response to secondvoice response using a TTS conversion engine of the VA IVR server 170.In some examples, the VA IVR server 170 may use a third-partyapplication for TTS conversion.
In step 642, the VA IVR server 170 may output the second voice responseto the network 120 which, in step 644, plays the second voice responseto one of the mobile computing device 102, the personal computing device104, the software program 106, the hardware device 108, or theintelligent device 110 which output the voice input in step 630.
It may be understood that all the communication with the mobilecomputing device 102, the personal computing device 104, the softwareprogram 106, the hardware device 108, or the intelligent device 110 maybe performed using network 120. The network 120 may enable the mobilecomputing device 102, the personal computing device 104, the softwareprogram 106, the hardware device 108, or the intelligent device 110 tocall, perform RTP/RTCP communication, or communicate in other protocolsand means with components in environment 100 such as IVR server 130, VAIVR server 170, VA server 140, agent device 160, or the like, althoughcommunication in other protocols and means with other components may beenabled by the network 120.
Upon an indication from one of the mobile computing device 102, thepersonal computing device 104, the software program 106, the hardwaredevice 108, or the intelligent device 110, from which the calloriginated, to communicate with the agent device 160, the VA server 140may instruct the VA IVR server 170 to handover the call to the agentdevice 160. To initiate the handover, the VA IVR server 170 may dial aphone number or initiate establishment of a third SIP session with theagent device 160, although the VA IVR server 170 may use othertechniques to initiate the handover. The VA server 140 may output one ormore call parameters or other types of parameters or information relatedto the conversation between the caller and VA server 140, to the VA IVRserver 170. The one or more call parameters received from the VA server140 may be output in the SIP header or as a custom header in a SIPmessage to the agent device 160 or to the communication infrastructureassociated with the agent device 160.
In one example, in step 616, the IVR server 130 may forward the callreceived at step 612, to the VA IVR server 170, instead of establishingthe first SIP session. A phone number corresponding to a bot of the VAserver 140 may be configured in the IVR server 130. The phone numbercorresponding to the bot of the VA server 140 may be created andmaintained using the VA IVR server 170. To redirect the call, the IVRserver 130 may call the configured phone number corresponding to the botof the VA server 140. The IVR server 130 may also output the one or morecall parameters to the VA IVR server 170. The VA IVR server 170 may beconfigured with a bot URL corresponding to the bot of the VA server 140.The VA IVR 170 may invoke the bot URL upon receipt of a call to thephone number corresponding to the bot the VA server 140. Other stepsfrom 620 to 644 may be performed as described above in the descriptionrelated to FIG. 6.
In a chat based intelligent communication mode 150(1), all the stepsfrom 610-620 may be executed in the same way as described above. The VAserver 140, in step 622, in the first text response output to the VA IVRserver 170, may request the phone number of the caller. In step 624, theVA IVR server 170 may convert the first text response into first voiceresponse. The VA IVR server 170, in step 626, may output the first voiceresponse to the network 120 which may in turn play the first voiceresponse to the caller in step 628. In step 630, the caller may providethe phone number as a voice input which may be output to the network 120which may in turn output the voice input to the VA IVR server 170 instep 632. The VA IVR server 170 may, in step 634, use ASR to convert thevoice input to text input and in step 636 output the text input to theVA server 140. Upon receipt of the phone number in the text input, theVA server 140 may instruct the VA IVR 170 to terminate the second SIPsession. Subsequently, the VA server 140 may send a text message with aURL to the phone number of the caller. The URL which when clicked mayinitiate a chat session, for example, in a web browser executable on theone of the mobile computing device 102, the personal computing device104, the software program 106, the hardware device 108, or theintelligent device 110 associated with the phone number. In one example,the VA server 140 may instruct the VA IVR server 170 to terminate thesecond SIP session after initiating the chat session. The caller maycontinue conversing with the VA server 140 and receive responses in thechat session.
Referring to FIG. 7, an exemplary table illustrating the one or morecall parameters received by the VA server 140, the corresponding routingdecisions made by the predictive model 230 of the VA server 140 and thefulfillment parameters identified or determined by the VA server 140 isillustrated. The data in the exemplary table may alternatively be datarelated to a corpus of calls routed using means other than thepredictive model 230. The predictive model 230 may be trained with data,as illustrated in the exemplary table, to take the routing decision. Inone example, the table may be a database table stored in the memory 204of the VA server 140.
In the call identified by the unique identifier 12321, the IVR server130 may receive the call and the caller may have waited for 100 secondsto connect with the agent device 160. Upon determining that the humanagents are not available, the IVR server 130 redirects the call to theVA IVR server 170. The IVR server 130 also outputs the call parameters:call waiting time: 100s, caller location: Orlando, called number: +1 855860 5941, call status: ringing, to the VA IVR server 170. In oneexample, the call status: ringing may be determined by the VA IVR server170 and output to the VA server 140 as part of the web request. Uponreceiving the redirected call, the VA IVR server 170 invokes theconfigured bot URL of the VA server 140 using a web request and outputsthe call parameters to the VA server 140 in the web request. The VAserver 140 receives the call parameters and may input the received callparameters to the predictive model 230. The predictive model 230 mayoutput the routing decision to route the call to the chat basedintelligent communication mode 150(1) based on the received callparameters. The VA server 140 may initiate the chat session with one ofthe mobile computing device 102, the personal computing device 104, thesoftware program 106, the hardware device 108, or the intelligent device110 from which the call originated, although the chat session may beinitiated in one of the mobile computing device 102, the personalcomputing device 104, the software program 106, the hardware device 108,or the intelligent device 110 from which the call did not originateand/or other devices. Subsequently, the VA server 140 may determine afulfillment parameter: Yes, and may create a transcript for the uniqueidentifier 12321, encompassing the entire caller journey from the IVRserver 130 to the chat based intelligent communication mode 150(1). Thetranscript may include the unique identifier, the one or more callparameters, the routing decision made, the conversation in the chatbased intelligent communication mode 150(1) and the fulfillmentparameter.
In the call identified by the unique identifier 12322, the IVR server130 may receive the call and upon determining that the call volume ishigh, the IVR server 130 redirects the call to the VA IVR server 170.The IVR server 130 also outputs the call parameters: caller location:San Diego, called number: +1 855 860 5941, IVR options selected: creditcards, offers, call status: ringing to the VA IVR server 170. In oneexample, the call status: ringing may be determined by the VA IVR server170 and output to the VA server 140 as part of the web request. Uponreceiving the redirected call, the VA IVR server 170 invokes theconfigured bot URL of the VA server 140 using a web request and outputsthe call parameters to the VA server 140 in the web request. The VAserver 140 receives the call parameters and may input the received callparameters to the predictive model 230. The predictive model 230 mayoutput the routing decision to route the call to the voice basedintelligent communication mode 150(n) based on the received callparameters. The VA server 140 may output a welcome message to the VA IVRserver 170 which may initiate voice-based communication with one of themobile computing device 102, the personal computing device 104, thesoftware program 106, the hardware device 108, or the intelligent device110 from which the call originated. Subsequently, the VA server 140 maydetermine a fulfillment parameter: No, and may create a transcript forthe unique identifier 12322, encompassing the entire caller journey fromthe IVR server 130 to the voice based intelligent communication mode150(n). The transcript may include the unique identifier, the one ormore call parameters, the routing decision made, a textual form of theconversation in the voice based intelligent communication mode 150(n)and the fulfillment parameter.
In the call identified by the unique identifier 12323, the IVR server130 may receive the call and upon determining that the call volume ishigh, the IVR server 130 redirects the call to the VA IVR server 170.The IVR server 130 also outputs the call parameters: caller location:San Diego, called number: +1 855 860 5941, IVR options selected: creditcards, fee dispute, call status: ringing to the VA IVR server 140. Inone example, the call status: ringing may be determined by the VA IVRserver 170 and output to the VA server 140 as part of the web request.Upon receiving the redirected call, the VA IVR server 170 invokes theconfigured bot URL of the VA server 140 using a web request and outputsthe call parameters to the VA server 140 in the web request. The VAserver 140 receives the redirected call and the call parameters and mayinput the received call parameters to the predictive model 230. Thepredictive model 230 may output the routing decision to route the callto the agent device 160 based on the received call parameters, forexample, based on determining that the IVR options selected includes afee dispute. Subsequently, the VA server 140 may determine a fulfillmentparameter: Yes, and may create a transcript for the unique identifier12323, encompassing the entire caller journey from the IVR server 130 tothe conversation with the human agent operating the agent device 160.The fulfillment parameter may be recorded manually by the human agentoperating the agent device 160 which may output the fulfillmentparameter to the VA server 140, for example, using software. Thetranscript may include the unique identifier, the one or more callparameters, the routing decision made, a textual form of theconversation with the human agent operating the agent device 160 and thefulfillment parameter.
In the call identified by the unique identifier 12324, the IVR server130 may receive the call and upon determining that the call volume ishigh, the IVR server 130 redirects the call to the VA IVR server 170.The IVR server 130 also outputs the call parameters: called number: +1855 860 5941, input mechanism identifier: chatbot, call status: ringingto the VA IVR server 170. In one example, the call status: ringing maybe determined by the VA IVR server 170 and output to the VA server 140as part of the web request. Upon receiving the redirected call, the VAIVR server 170 invokes the configured bot URL of the VA server 140 usinga web request and outputs the call parameters to the VA server 140 inthe web request. The VA server 140 receives the redirected call and thecall parameters and may input the received call parameters to thepredictive model 230. The predictive model 230 may output the routingdecision to route the call to the chat based intelligent communicationmode 150(1) based on the received call parameters, for example based onthe input mechanism identifier that the caller is a chatbot.Subsequently, the VA server 140 may determine a fulfillment parameter:Yes, and may create a transcript for the unique identifier 12324,encompassing the entire caller journey from the IVR server 130 to thechat based intelligent communication mode 150(1). The transcript mayinclude the unique identifier, the call parameters, the routing decisionmade, the conversation in the chat based intelligent communication mode150(1) and the fulfillment parameter.
| 41,611 |
https://superuser.com/questions/1412521
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,019 |
Stack Exchange
|
https://superuser.com/users/427002, zx485
|
English
|
Spoken
| 133 | 193 |
Raspbian space disk by default
I'm doing my first steps with Raspberry Pi (3B+), and I'm not sure about my SD card. I already have a 8 GB, but my question is :
Is a 8GB SD card enough to install Raspbian and few packages such as disk utility tools, scripting tools and is there a big difference if I don't install any X server ?
Thank you all.
gZen0n
I guess that 8GB is more than enough. I do not have any experience with a Raspberry-Pi, but even on a Desktop PC 8GB is enough for a Linux-based OS.
8GB is definitely enough, that should leave about 2-3 GB free space if you use "Raspbian with Desktop" image.
If you use "raspbian lite" image, you will have about 5GB free space left.
| 49,937 |
https://github.com/martinzudaire/restrictr/blob/master/Assets/OVRLay/Scripts/Unity_SteamVR_Handler.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
restrictr
|
martinzudaire
|
C#
|
Code
| 251 | 1,043 |
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Events;
public class Unity_SteamVR_Handler : MonoBehaviour
{
public float steamVRPollTime = 0.05f;
public bool connectedToSteam = false;
[Space(10)]
public GameObject hmdObject;
public GameObject rightTrackerObj;
public GameObject leftTrackerObj;
[Space(10)]
public bool autoUpdate = true;
public bool debugLog = true;
public UnityEvent onSteamVRConnect = new UnityEvent();
public UnityEvent onSteamVRDisconnect = new UnityEvent();
private OVR_Handler ovrHandler = OVR_Handler.instance;
public OVR_Overlay_Handler overlayHandler { get { return ovrHandler.overlayHandler; } }
public OVR_Pose_Handler poseHandler { get { return ovrHandler.poseHandler; } }
private float lastSteamVRPollTime = 0f;
private bool lastDebugLog = false;
void Start()
{
// Will always do a check on start first, then use timer for polling
lastSteamVRPollTime = steamVRPollTime + 1f;
ovrHandler.onOpenVRChange += OnOpenVRChange;
}
void OnOpenVRChange(bool connected)
{
connectedToSteam = connected;
if(!connected)
{
onSteamVRDisconnect.Invoke();
ovrHandler.ShutDownOpenVR();
}
}
void Update()
{
if(autoUpdate)
UpdateHandler();
}
public void UpdateHandler()
{
if(!SteamVRStartup())
return;
ovrHandler.UpdateAll();
if(lastDebugLog != debugLog)
{
ovrHandler.logDebug = debugLog;
lastDebugLog = debugLog;
}
if(hmdObject)
poseHandler.SetTransformToTrackedDevice(hmdObject.transform, poseHandler.hmdIndex);
if(poseHandler.rightActive && rightTrackerObj)
{
rightTrackerObj.SetActive(true);
poseHandler.SetTransformToTrackedDevice(rightTrackerObj.transform, poseHandler.rightIndex);
}
else if(rightTrackerObj)
rightTrackerObj.SetActive(false);
if(poseHandler.leftActive && leftTrackerObj)
{
leftTrackerObj.SetActive(true);
poseHandler.SetTransformToTrackedDevice(leftTrackerObj.transform, poseHandler.leftIndex);
}
else if(leftTrackerObj)
leftTrackerObj.SetActive(false);
}
bool SteamVRStartup()
{
lastSteamVRPollTime += Time.deltaTime;
if(ovrHandler.OpenVRConnected)
return true;
else if(lastSteamVRPollTime >= steamVRPollTime)
{
lastSteamVRPollTime = 0f;
Debug.Log("Checking to see if SteamVR Is Running...");
if(System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessesByName("vrserver").Length <= 0)
{
Debug.Log("VRServer not Running!");
return false;
}
Debug.Log("Starting Up SteamVR Connection...");
if( !ovrHandler.StartupOpenVR() )
{
Debug.Log("Connection Failed :( !");
return false;
}
else
{
Debug.Log("Connected to SteamVR!");
onSteamVRConnect.Invoke();
return true;
}
}
else
return false;
}
void OnApplicationQuit()
{
if(ovrHandler.OpenVRConnected)
ovrHandler.ShutDownOpenVR();
}
}
| 34,140 |
5773792_1
|
Caselaw Access Project
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,016 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 75 | 110 |
Appeal from a judgment of the Monroe County Court (John R. Schwartz, A.J.), rendered April 15, 2013. The judgment convicted defendant, upon his plea of guilty, of criminal sale of a controlled substance in the third degree (two counts) and criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree (three counts).
It is hereby ordered that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.
Present — Smith, J.P., Carni, DeJoseph, Curran and Troutman, JJ..
| 7,041 |
Subsets and Splits
Token Count by Language
Reveals the distribution of total tokens by language, highlighting which languages are most prevalent in the dataset.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Provides a detailed breakdown of document counts and total word/token counts for English documents in different collections and open types, revealing insights into data distribution and quantity.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Provides a count of items in each collection that are licensed under 'CC-By-SA', giving insight into the distribution of this license across different collections.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Counts the number of items in each collection that have a 'CC-By' license, providing insight into license distribution across collections.
Bulgarian Texts from Train Set
Retrieves all entries in the training set that are in Bulgarian, providing a basic filter on language.
License Count in Train Set
Counts the number of entries for each license type and orders them, providing a basic overview of license distribution.
Top 100 Licenses Count
Displays the top 100 licenses by their occurrence count, providing basic insights into which licenses are most common in the dataset.
Language Frequency in Dataset
Provides a simple count of each language present in the dataset, which is useful for basic understanding but limited in depth of insight.
French Spoken Samples
Limited to showing 100 samples of the dataset where the language is French and it's spoken, providing basic filtering without deeper insights.
GitHub Open Source Texts
Retrieves specific text samples labeled with their language from the 'Github Open Source' collection.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query performs basic filtering to retrieve specific records from the dataset, which could be useful for preliminary data exploration but does not provide deep insights.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query retrieves all English entries from specific collections, which provides basic filtering but minimal analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves all English language documents from specific data collections, useful for focusing on relevant subset but doesn't provide deeper insights or analysis.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves a specific subset of documents from the dataset, but does not provide any meaningful analysis or insights.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves a sample of 10,000 English documents from the USPTO with an open government type, providing a basic look at the dataset's content without deep analysis.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query performs basic filtering to retrieve entries related to English language, USPTO collection, and open government documents, offering limited analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves metadata of entries specifically from the USPTO collection in English, offering basic filtering.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query filters for English entries from specific collections, providing a basic subset of the dataset without deep analysis or insight.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query performs basic filtering, returning all rows from the 'StackExchange' collection where the language is 'English', providing limited analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query filters data for English entries from specific collections with an 'Open Web' type but mainly retrieves raw data without providing deep insights.
Filtered English Wikipedia Articles
Filters and retrieves specific English language Wikipedia entries of a certain length, providing a limited subset for basic exploration.
Filtered English Open Web Texts
Retrieves a subset of English texts with a specific length range from the 'Open Web', which provides basic filtering but limited insight.
Filtered English Open Culture Texts
Retrieves a sample of English texts from the 'Open Culture' category within a specific length range, providing a basic subset of data for further exploration.
Random English Texts <6500 Ch
Retrieves a random sample of 2000 English text entries that are shorter than 6500 characters, useful for quick data exploration but not revealing specific trends.
List of Languages
Lists all unique languages present in the dataset, which provides basic information about language variety but limited analytical insight.