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Context: Mach suggested that thought experiments like the bucket argument are problematic. If we were to imagine a universe that only contains a bucket, on Newton's account, this bucket could be set to spin relative to absolute space, and the water it contained would form the characteristic concave surface. But in the absence of anything else in the universe, it would be difficult to confirm that the bucket was indeed spinning. It seems equally possible that the surface of the water in the bucket would remain flat. Question: How did Mach describe thought experiments like the bucket argument? Answer: problematic Question: What is difficult to confirm about the bucket in the absence of anything else in the universe? Answer: that the bucket was indeed spinning Question: What was equally possible about the surface of the water in the bucket? Answer: would remain flat. Question: Who expanded on thought experiments? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be confirmed about the bucket independent of other objects in the universe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What could not remain flat in absolute space? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hydrostatic gauges (such as the mercury column manometer) consist of a vertical column of liquid in a tube whose ends are exposed to different pressures. The column will rise or fall until its weight is in equilibrium with the pressure differential between the two ends of the tube. The simplest design is a closed-end U-shaped tube, one side of which is connected to the region of interest. Any fluid can be used, but mercury is preferred for its high density and low vapour pressure. Simple hydrostatic gauges can measure pressures ranging from 1 torr (100 Pa) to above atmospheric. An important variation is the McLeod gauge which isolates a known volume of vacuum and compresses it to multiply the height variation of the liquid column. The McLeod gauge can measure vacuums as high as 10−6 torr (0.1 mPa), which is the lowest direct measurement of pressure that is possible with current technology. Other vacuum gauges can measure lower pressures, but only indirectly by measurement of other pressure-controlled properties. These indirect measurements must be calibrated via a direct measurement, most commonly a McLeod gauge. Question: Why is mercury the better option for liquid used in a Hydrostatic gauge? Answer: its high density and low vapour pressure Question: What is a vertical column of liquid in a tube which has different pressures at each end called? Answer: Hydrostatic gauges Question: What is a hydrostatic gauge used for? Answer: measure pressures ranging from 1 torr (100 Pa) to above atmospheric Question: Why is the McLeod gauge special? Answer: can measure vacuums as high as 10−6 torr Question: An indirect measurement of pressure is most often calibrated by what? Answer: McLeod gauge Question: What is the level of mercury in the air calibrated by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the density level of mercury in the air? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is used to measure mercury in the air? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the lowest amount of mercury that can be measured in the air? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What measurements are used to measure mercury in the air? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Indigenous genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia. The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10–20,000 years. Around 16,500 years ago, the glaciers began melting, allowing people to move south and east into Canada and beyond. These people are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct Pleistocene megafauna along ice-free corridors that stretched between the Laurentide and Cordilleran Ice Sheets. Question: What do studies on the genetics of the first American inhabitants conclude about their ancestral population? Answer: single Question: Where did the single ancestral population of all the indigenous peoples of the Americas likely develop? Answer: in isolation Question: How many years may the isolation of the peoples in Beringia lasted? Answer: 10–20,000 years Question: When did the glaciers begin to melt? Answer: 16,500 years ago Question: What did the people follow in the corridors between the ice sheets? Answer: Pleistocene megafauna
Context: By design, it is difficult to insert a USB plug into its receptacle incorrectly. The USB specification states that the required USB icon must be embossed on the "topside" of the USB plug, which "...provides easy user recognition and facilitates alignment during the mating process." The specification also shows that the "recommended" "Manufacturer's logo" ("engraved" on the diagram but not specified in the text) is on the opposite side of the USB icon. The specification further states, "The USB Icon is also located adjacent to each receptacle. Receptacles should be oriented to allow the icon on the plug to be visible during the mating process." However, the specification does not consider the height of the device compared to the eye level height of the user, so the side of the cable that is "visible" when mated to a computer on a desk can depend on whether the user is standing or kneeling. Question: What is difficult to do with a USB plug? Answer: to insert a USB plug into its receptacle incorrectly Question: The USB specification states that the required USB icon must be what? Answer: embossed on the "topside" of the USB plug Question: How is the USB icon located to each receptacle? Answer: adjacent Question: Receptacles should be oriented to allow the icon on the plug to what? Answer: to be visible during the mating process
Context: Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object). Question: What is the typological form of Estonian? Answer: transitional Question: What is Estonian typologically transitioning from? Answer: an agglutinating language Question: What sort of form is Estonian transitioning into? Answer: a fusional language Question: How are words ordered in Estonian canonically? Answer: subject–verb–object Question: What is not the typological form of Estonian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What sort of form is Estonian moving away from into? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the incorrect order of words in Estonian canonically? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Southampton City Council consists of 48 councillors, 3 for each of the 16 wards. Council elections are held in early May for one third of the seats (one councillor for each ward), elected for a four-year term, so there are elections three years out of four. Since the 2015 council elections, the composition of the council is: Question: How many concillors sit on Southampton's City Council? Answer: 48 Question: How man wards are there in Southampton? Answer: 16 Question: How many councillors are assigned to each ward in Southampton? Answer: 3 Question: In what month are council elections held? Answer: May Question: In how many years of every four is a council election held in Southampton? Answer: three
Context: Two annual productions are especially notable: the Waa-Mu show, and the Dolphin show. Waa-Mu is an original musical, written and produced almost entirely by students. Children's theater is represented on campus by Griffin's Tale and Purple Crayon Players. Its umbrella organization—the Student Theatre Coalition, or StuCo, organizes nine student theatre companies, multiple performance groups and more than sixty independent productions each year. Many Northwestern alumni have used these productions as stepping stones to successful television and film careers. Chicago's Lookingglass Theatre Company, for example, which began life in the Great Room in Jones Residential College, was founded in 1988 by several alumni, including David Schwimmer; in 2011, it won the Regional Tony Award. Question: What are the two most notable productions each year at Northwestern? Answer: the Waa-Mu show, and the Dolphin show Question: Who is the Waa-Muu show primarily written and produced by? Answer: students Question: What does StuCo stand for? Answer: Student Theatre Coalition Question: How many student theatre companies does StuCo organize? Answer: nine Question: Which theater company was founded by several Northwestern alumni in 1988? Answer: Chicago's Lookingglass Question: What are the two most notable productions each year at Southwestern? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the Waa-Muu show primarily sung by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does StuPo stand for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many student theatre companies does StuDo organize? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which theater company was founded by several Southwestern alumni in 1988? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph. Although the Umayyad family originally came from the city of Mecca, their capital was Damascus. Muhammad bin Qasim was the first to bring message of Islam to the population of Punjab.[citation needed] Punjab was part of different Muslim Empires consisting of Afghans and Turkic peoples in co-operation with local Punjabi tribes and others.[citation needed] In the 11th century, during the reign of Mahmud of Ghazni, the province became an important centre with Lahore as its second capital[citation needed] of the Ghaznavid Empire based out of Afghanistan. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region. Question: What religion did Punjab become? Answer: Muslim Question: What did missionary Muslims build in Punjab? Answer: dargahs Question: Who led the Umayyad army? Answer: Muhammad bin Qasim Question: Where did the Umayyads conquer? Answer: Sindh and Southern Punjab Question: Who did the Umayyads defeat? Answer: Raja Dahir
Context: Some of Elvis Presley's early singles on Sun Records might have sold more copies on 78 than on 45. This is because the majority of those sales in 1954–55 were to the "hillbilly" market in the South and Southwestern United States, where replacing the family 78 rpm player with a new 45 rpm player was a luxury few could afford at the time. By the end of 1957, RCA Victor announced that 78s accounted for less than 10% of Presley's singles sales, essentially announcing the death throes of the 78 rpm format. The last Presley single released on 78 in the United States was RCA Victor 20-7410, I Got Stung/One Night (1958), while the last 78 in the UK was RCA 1194, A Mess Of Blues/Girl Of My Best Friend (1960). Question: What percentage of Elvis Presley's single sales were of 78s? Answer: less than 10% Question: What was the last 78 released in the UK by RCA? Answer: A Mess Of Blues/Girl Of My Best Friend Question: Why did Elvis sales of 78s perform so well in the Southern States? Answer: 45 rpm player was a luxury few could afford at the time Question: On which label did Elvis release his early singles? Answer: Sun Records Question: What was the last Elvis Presley single released on 78? Answer: I Got Stung/One Night
Context: Antennas are required by any radio receiver or transmitter to couple its electrical connection to the electromagnetic field. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves which carry signals through the air (or through space) at the speed of light with almost no transmission loss. Radio transmitters and receivers are used to convey signals (information) in systems including broadcast (audio) radio, television, mobile telephones, Wi-Fi (WLAN) data networks, trunk lines and point-to-point communications links (telephone, data networks), satellite links, many remote controlled devices such as garage door openers, and wireless remote sensors, among many others. Radio waves are also used directly for measurements in technologies including radar, GPS, and radio astronomy. In each and every case, the transmitters and receivers involved require antennas, although these are sometimes hidden (such as the antenna inside an AM radio or inside a laptop computer equipped with Wi-Fi). Question: What is essential for the mating of the elements that create radio waves? Answer: Antennas Question: How fast are signals produced by antenna transmitted? Answer: speed of light Question: What is one system that uses electromagnetic waves? Answer: mobile telephones Question: What mobile locator and direction finder technology takes advantage of radio waves? Answer: GPS Question: What often inconspicuous part of a laptop computer allows for internet usage? Answer: antennas
Context: In June 1982, Diego Maradona was signed for a world record fee of £5 million from Boca Juniors. In the following season, under coach Luis, Barcelona won the Copa del Rey, beating Real Madrid. However, Maradona's time with Barcelona was short-lived and he soon left for Napoli. At the start of the 1984–85 season, Terry Venables was hired as manager and he won La Liga with noteworthy displays by German midfielder Bernd Schuster. The next season, he took the team to their second European Cup final, only to lose on penalties to Steaua Bucureşti during a dramatic evening in Seville. Question: How much was the signing payment for Diego Maradona? Answer: £5 million Question: When was Diego Maradona signed by Barcelona? Answer: June 1982 Question: Who did Barcelona defeat the season following the signing of Maradona? Answer: Real Madrid Question: Who was hired as manager in 1984? Answer: Terry Venables Question: What caused the loss to Steaua Bucuresti in Seville? Answer: penalties
Context: The first mention of the name "Rajasthan" appears in James Tod's 1829 publication Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India, while the earliest known record of "Rajputana" as a name for the region is in George Thomas's 1800 memoir Military Memories. John Keay, in his book India: A History, stated that "Rajputana" was coined by the British in 1829, John Briggs, translating Ferishta's history of early Islamic India, used the phrase "Rajpoot (Rajput) princes" rather than "Indian princes". Question: When was the first usage of the word Rajasthan? Answer: 1829 Question: In what publication did the name Rajasthan first appear? Answer: Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India Question: What is another name for the Rajasthan region? Answer: Rajputana Question: In what year did George Thomas write the memoir known as Military Memories? Answer: 1800 Question: Who wrote the book entitled India: A History? Answer: John Keay Question: When was the word Rajpoot first used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for Islamic India? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did John Keay write in 1829? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the word Ferishta coined by the British? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What phrase did James Tod use when translating ferishta's history of Islamic India? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: 15th Street starts at FDR Drive, and 16th Street starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C. They are both stopped at Avenue C and continue from First Avenue to West Street, stopped again at Union Square, and 16th Street also pauses at Stuyvesant Square. Question: Where does 15th Street start? Answer: FDR Drive Question: Which road starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C? Answer: 16th Street Question: 16th Street pauses at which Square? Answer: Stuyvesant Question: Which Square stops both 15th and 16th Streets? Answer: Union Square
Context: The Kinsey scale, also called the Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale, was first published in Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) by Alfred Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy, and Clyde Martin and also featured in Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953). The scale was developed to combat the assumption at the time that people are either heterosexual or homosexual and that these two types represent antitheses in the sexual world. Recognizing that a large portion of population is not completely heterosexual or homosexual and people can experience both heterosexual and homosexual behavior and psychic responses, Kinsey et al., stated: Question: What other name does the KInsey scale go by? Answer: Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale Question: When was the KInsey scale first published? Answer: 1948 Question: Why was the KInsey scale developed? Answer: to combat the assumption at the time that people are either heterosexual or homosexual Question: What did KInsey state as his reasoning for the scale? Answer: Recognizing that a large portion of population is not completely heterosexual or homosexual and people can experience both heterosexual and homosexual behavior Question: Who else was featured in The sexual behavior of the human male? Answer: Wardell Pomeroy, and Clyde Martin
Context: Perceived sexual orientation may affect how a person is treated. For instance, in the United States, the FBI reported that 15.6% of hate crimes reported to police in 2004 were "because of a sexual-orientation bias". Under the UK Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003, as explained by Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service, "workers or job applicants must not be treated less favourably because of their sexual orientation, their perceived sexual orientation or because they associate with someone of a particular sexual orientation". Question: What can affect how a person is treated? Answer: Perceived sexual orientation Question: What percent of hate crimes did the FBI relate to sexual orientation bias? Answer: 15.6% Question: When was the UK emloyment eequality (sexual orientation) regulations law take effect? Answer: 2003, Question: Under this law what does this state that is required by employers? Answer: workers or job applicants must not be treated less favourably because of their sexual orientation
Context: Friedrich Nietzsche argued that Kant commits an agnostic tautology and does not offer a satisfactory answer as to the source of a philosophical right to such-or-other metaphysical claims; he ridicules his pride in tackling "the most difficult thing that could ever be undertaken on behalf of metaphysics." The famous "thing-in-itself" was called a product of philosophical habit, which seeks to introduce a grammatical subject: because wherever there is cognition, there must be a thing that is cognized and allegedly it must be added to ontology as a being (whereas, to Nietzsche, only the world as ever changing appearances can be assumed). Yet he attacks the idealism of Schopenhauer and Descartes with an argument similar to Kant's critique of the latter (see above). Question: Who censured Kant for his agnostic tautology? Answer: Friedrich Nietzsche Question: Along with Schopenhauer, whose idealism did Nietzsche attack? Answer: Descartes Question: Nietzsche's attack on Schopenhauer used an argument similar to Kant's attack on who? Answer: Descartes Question: What kind of error did Kant say Nietzsche's argument had? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which two philosophers did Nietzsche agree with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who argued that Nietzsche's theory of the world was wrong? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Kant ridicule Nietzsche for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Kant agree with? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered. On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the Ural Mountains: human-rights activists Vasyl Stus, Oleksiy Tykhy, and Yuriy Lytvyn. Their remains were reinterred in Baikove Cemetery. On November 26, 1989, a day of prayer and fasting was proclaimed by Cardinal Myroslav Lubachivsky, thousands of faithful in western Ukraine participated in religious services on the eve of a meeting between Pope John Paul II and Soviet President Gorbachev. On November 28, 1989, the Ukrainian SSR's Council for Religious Affairs issued a decree allowing Ukrainian Catholic congregations to register as legal organizations. The decree was proclaimed on December 1, coinciding with a meeting at the Vatican between the pope and the Soviet president. Question: When was The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society made official? Answer: mid-November Question: The three human rights activists reburied November 19th were prisoners where? Answer: Gulag Camp No. 36 Question: Where was Gulag Camp No. 36 located? Answer: Perm in the Ural Mountains Question: Where were the activists reburied? Answer: Baikove Cemetery. Question: Who met with Gorbachev on November 22? Answer: Pope John Paul II
Context: In politics, corruption undermines democracy and good governance by flouting or even subverting formal processes. Corruption in elections and in the legislature reduces accountability and distorts representation in policymaking; corruption in the judiciary compromises the rule of law; and corruption in public administration results in the inefficient provision of services. It violates a basic principle of republicanism regarding the centrality of civic virtue. Question: What does corruption undermine in politics? Answer: democracy Question: What does corruption disregard in politics? Answer: formal processes Question: Political corruption in legislature reduces what, overall? Answer: accountability Question: Corruption in what compromises the rule of law? Answer: judiciary Question: Corruption in what creates weak provision of services? Answer: public administration
Context: From 1962 until his retirement in 1968, he was a professor at the University of Freiburg, West Germany, where he began work on his next book, Law, Legislation and Liberty. Hayek regarded his years at Freiburg as "very fruitful". Following his retirement, Hayek spent a year as a visiting professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he continued work on Law, Legislation and Liberty, teaching a graduate seminar by the same name and another on the philosophy of social science. Primary drafts of the book were completed by 1970, but Hayek chose to rework his drafts and finally brought the book to publication in three volumes in 1973, 1976 and 1979. Question: What country did Hayek move to in 1962? Answer: West Germany Question: What is the name of the book Hayek started upon his arrival in West Germany? Answer: Law, Legislation and Liberty Question: Where did Hayek spend an entire year after his retirement? Answer: University of California, Los Angeles Question: When was the final volume of Law, Legislation and Liberty released? Answer: 1979 Question: During his time in Los Angeles, what was the topic of the seminars Hayek taught not related to his new book? Answer: philosophy of social science
Context: As there is no research indicating which of the three components is essential in defining sexual orientation, all three are used independently and provide different conclusions regarding sexual orientation. Savin Williams (2006) discusses this issue and notes that by basing findings regarding sexual orientation on a single component, researchers may not actually capture the intended population. For example, if homosexual is defined by same sex behavior, gay virgins are omitted, heterosexuals engaging in same sex behavior for other reasons than preferred sexual arousal are miscounted, and those with same sex attraction who only have opposite-sex relations are excluded. Because of the limited populations that each component captures, consumers of research should be cautious in generalizing these findings. Question: How are the three component used to determine sexual orientation? Answer: all three are used independently and provide different conclusions regarding sexual orientation Question: When did Savin WIlliams talk about the issues with these components? Answer: (2006) Question: What issues to Savin address during this talk? Answer: basing findings regarding sexual orientation on a single component, researchers may not actually capture the intended population Question: Why does basing sexual orientation on one component cause problems? Answer: Because of the limited populations that each component captures Question: How should consumers of the research approach these findings? Answer: should be cautious in generalizing these findings.
Context: The word "police" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, were "disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression" (according to Britannica 1911). Before the 19th century, the first use of the word "police" recorded in government documents in the United Kingdom was the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 and the creation of the Marine Police in 1798. Question: When did the French language adopt the word 'police'? Answer: in the 18th century Question: What language did French borrow the word 'police' from? Answer: English Question: Which dictionary said police were 'a symbol of foreign oppression'? Answer: Britannica 1911 Question: When were the Marine Police created in the UK? Answer: 1798 Question: What was the first use of 'police' in the UK? Answer: the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 Question: When did the English language adopt the word 'police'? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language did French not borrow the word 'police' from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which dictionary said police were 'a symbol of local oppression'? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the Marine Police created in France? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the last use of 'police' in the UK? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1963, Ralph J. Roberts in conjunction with his two business partners, Daniel Aaron and Julian A. Brodsky, purchased American Cable Systems as a corporate spin-off from its parent, Jerrold Electronics, for US $500,000. At the time, American Cable was a small cable operator in Tupelo, Mississippi, with five channels and 12,000 customers. Storecast Corporation of America, a product placement supermarket specialist marketing firm, was purchased by American Cable in 1965. With Storecast being a Muzak client, American Cable purchased its first Muzak franchise of many in Orlando, Florida. Question: When did Ralph Roberts get into the cable TV business? Answer: 1963 Question: Who were Roberts' business partners in this purchase? Answer: Daniel Aaron and Julian A. Brodsky Question: What company did this partnership purchase? Answer: American Cable Systems Question: What city did American Cable Systems do business in? Answer: Tupelo, Mississippi Question: How many customers did ACS have when Roberts and his partners purchased it? Answer: 12,000 Question: How much was Jerrold Electronics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which two partners owned Jerrold Electronics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many customers did Storecast Corporation of America have in 1963? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Ralph J. Roberts sell in 1963? Answer: Unanswerable Question: American Cable Systems was the parent company of what spin-off? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today (for recent overviews, see Brown 2002; Saccone and Pesole 2003; Benfey and Protopapas 2004; Gibson and Muse 2004; Reese 2004; Gregory 2005). Question: What is another word for the total count of chromosomes? Answer: karyotype Question: Aside from karyotype, what are other genomic traits studied by scientists? Answer: genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content Question: What were other traits besides karyotype studied by Brown in 2002? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another word for gene order? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does GC-content have that can be measured? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why do researchers calculate the sum of an organisms genes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are two things that Reese studied about karyotype in 2004? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Northwestern has roughly 225,000 alumni in all branches of business, government, law, science, education, medicine, media, and the performing arts. Among Northwestern's more notable alumni are U.S. Senator and presidential candidate George McGovern, Nobel Prize–winning economist George J. Stigler, Nobel Prize–winning novelist Saul Bellow, Pulitzer Prize–winning composer and diarist Ned Rorem, the much-decorated composer Howard Hanson, Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey Ali Babacan, the historian and novelist Wilma Dykeman, and the founder of the presidential prayer breakfast Abraham Vereide. U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice John Paul Stevens, Supreme Court Justice and Ambassador to the United Nations Arthur Joseph Goldberg, and Governor of Illinois and Democratic presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson are among the graduates of the Northwestern School of Law. Many Northwestern alumni play or have played important roles in Chicago and Illinois, such as former Illinois governor and convicted felon Rod Blagojevich, Chicago Bulls and Chicago White Sox owner Jerry Reinsdorf, and theater director Mary Zimmerman. Northwestern alumnus David J. Skorton currently serves as president of Cornell University. Rahm Emanuel, the mayor of Chicago and former White House Chief of Staff, earned a Masters in Speech and Communication in 1985. Question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming a U.S. Senator and presidential candidate? Answer: George McGovern Question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming The Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey? Answer: Ali Babacan Question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for being the founder of the presidential prayer breakfast? Answer: Abraham Vereide Question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming the Governor of Illinois and a presidential candidate? Answer: Adlai Stevenson Question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming the Illinois Governor and convicted felon? Answer: Rod Blagojevich Question: Which of Southwestern's alumni is notable for becoming a U.S. Senator and presidential candidate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming The Deputy Prime Minister of China? Answer: Unanswerable Question: hich of Southwestern's alumni is notable for being the founder of the presidential prayer breakfast? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming the Governor of Chicago and a presidential candidate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming the Texas Governor and convicted felon? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Elizabethan navigator, Sir Francis Drake was born in the nearby town of Tavistock and was the mayor of Plymouth. He was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world and was known by the Spanish as El Draco meaning "The Dragon" after he raided many of their ships. He died of dysentery in 1596 off the coast of Puerto Rico. In 2002 a mission to recover his body and bring it to Plymouth was allowed by the Ministry of Defence. His cousin and contemporary John Hawkins was a Plymouth man. Painter Sir Joshua Reynolds, founder and first president of the Royal Academy was born and educated in nearby Plympton, now part of Plymouth. William Cookworthy born in Kingsbridge set up his successful porcelain business in the city and was a close friend of John Smeaton designer of the Eddystone Lighthouse. On 26 January 1786, Benjamin Robert Haydon, an English painter who specialised in grand historical pictures, was born here. The naturalist Dr William Elford Leach FRS, who did much to pave the way in Britain for Charles Darwin, was born at Hoe Gate in 1791. Question: What was the birthplace of Sir Francis Drake? Answer: Tavistock Question: What did the Spanish nickname Sir Francis Drake? Answer: El Draco Question: In what year did Sir Francis Drake die? Answer: 1596 Question: What was Sir Francis Drake's cause of death? Answer: dysentery Question: What notable artist and Royal Academician was born in Plympton? Answer: Sir Joshua Reynolds
Context: A union planned to protest at the relay for better living conditions. Hong Kong legislator Michael Mak Kwok-fung and activist Chan Cheong, both members of the League of Social Democrats, were not allowed to enter Macau. Question: Who was Michael Mak Kwok-fung? Answer: Hong Kong legislator
Context: Hong Kong: The event was held in Hong Kong on May 2. In the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Chief Executive Donald Tsang handed the torch to the first torchbearer, Olympic medalist Lee Lai Shan. The torch relay then traveled through Nathan Road, Lantau Link, Sha Tin (crossed Shing Mun River via a dragon boat, which had been never used before in the history of Olympic torch relays), Victoria Harbour (crossed by Tin Hau, a VIP vessel managed by the Marine Department) before ending in Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai. A total of 120 torchbearers were selected to participate in the event consisting of celebrities, athletes and pro-Beijing camp politicians. No politicians from the pro-democracy camp were selected as torchbearers. One torchbearer could not participate due to flight delay. It was estimated that more than 200,000 spectators came out and watched the relay. Many enthusiastic supporters wore red shirts and waved large Chinese flags. According to Hong Kong Chief Secretary for Administration Henry Tang, 3,000 police were deployed to ensure order. Question: When did the torch arrive in Hong Kong? Answer: May 2 Question: Who was the first torchbearer in Hong Kong? Answer: Lee Lai Shan Question: Where was the torch event started in Hong Kong? Answer: Hong Kong Cultural Centre Question: Where did the torch relay end in Hong Kong? Answer: Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai Question: How many torchbearers participated in the relay event in Hong Kong? Answer: 120 Question: When was the relay event held in Hong Kong? Answer: May 2. Question: Who handed the torch to Lee Lai Shan, the first torchbearer? Answer: Donald Tsang Question: What was used to get the torch across the Shing Mun River? Answer: a dragon boat Question: How many torchbearers carried the torch? Answer: 120 Question: The torchbearers included athletes, celebrities and who? Answer: pro-Beijing camp politicians.
Context: Bond disobeys M's order and travels to Rome to attend Sciarra's funeral. That evening he visits Sciarra's widow Lucia, who tells him about Spectre, a criminal organisation to which her husband belonged. Bond infiltrates a Spectre meeting, where he identifies the leader, Franz Oberhauser. When Oberhauser addresses Bond by name, he escapes and is pursued by Mr. Hinx, a Spectre assassin. Moneypenny informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White, former member of Quantum, a subsidiary of Spectre. Bond asks her to investigate Oberhauser, who was presumed dead years earlier. Question: Where does Bond go after his suspension? Answer: Rome Question: What group did Sciarra belong to? Answer: Spectre Question: Who is the head of Spectre? Answer: Franz Oberhauser Question: What is Mr. Hinx's job? Answer: assassin Question: Who performs research for Bond? Answer: Moneypenny Question: Where does Sciarra's funeral take place? Answer: Rome Question: Who is the leader of Spectre? Answer: Franz Oberhauser Question: What is the name of the Spectre assassin who tracks Bond? Answer: Mr. Hinx Question: Which member of Spectre had been presumed to be dead? Answer: Franz Oberhauser Question: Who disobeys Q's orders and travels to Rome? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose wife belonged to a criminal organization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is pursued by Mr. Oberhauser, a Spectre assasin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is a current member of Quantum? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers, Aboriginal peoples, and later American forces during the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812, as well as in the Fenian raids, Red River Rebellion, and North-West Rebellion. Consequently, the lineages of some Canadian army units stretch back to the early 19th century, when militia units were formed to assist in the defence of British North America against invasion by the United States. Question: What year was Canada united in a confederation? Answer: 1867 Question: The forces of what countries did people serve before the unification? Answer: French and British forces Question: What is one of the threats that faced them? Answer: European powers Question: What American war threatened Canada? Answer: the American Revolutionary War Question: Early on, what did they defend against with the British? Answer: invasion by the United States Question: When was the Confederation established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the American Revolutionary War take place? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who aided in defence during the Fenian Rebellion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who aided in defence during the Red River Raids? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were Canadian army units formed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year wasn't Canada united in a confederation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The forces of what countries didn't people serve before the unification? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of the threats that didn't faced them? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Asian war threatened Canada? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Early on, what didn't they defend against with the British? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city has a rich history, spanning nearly 2000 years, as inferred from inscriptions found in the valley. Religious and cultural festivities form a major part of the lives of people residing in Kathmandu. Most of Kathmandu's people follow Hinduism and many others follow Buddhism. There are people of other religious beliefs as well, giving Kathmandu a cosmopolitan culture. Nepali is the most commonly spoken language in the city. English is understood by Kathmandu's educated residents. Historic areas of Kathmandu were devastated by a 7.8 magnitude earthquake on 25 April 2015. Question: About how long has Kathmandu existed? Answer: 2000 Question: What suggests that Kathmandu is as old as it is? Answer: inscriptions Question: What is Kathmandu's majority religion? Answer: Hinduism Question: What do most Kathmandu residents speak? Answer: Nepali Question: What secondary language do educated people in Kathmandu speak? Answer: English
Context: The AP reported that "The state-controlled media has largely ignored the issue, apparently under the propaganda bureau's instructions. Parents and volunteers who have questioned authorities have been detained and threatened." Question: Who has ignored the school issue? Answer: state-controlled media Question: Who gave instructions to ignore the school issue? Answer: propaganda bureau Question: What media source has reported this happening? Answer: The AP
Context: Using histological stains on expectorated samples from phlegm (also called "sputum"), scientists can identify MTB under a microscope. Since MTB retains certain stains even after being treated with acidic solution, it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus. The most common acid-fast staining techniques are the Ziehl–Neelsen stain and the Kinyoun stain, which dye acid-fast bacilli a bright red that stands out against a blue background. Auramine-rhodamine staining and fluorescence microscopy are also used. Question: What's another word for "sputum"? Answer: phlegm Question: One of the two standard acid-fast staining techniques is the Kinyoun stain; what's the other? Answer: Ziehl–Neelsen stain Question: What color will acid-fast bacilli become when stained? Answer: bright red Question: What's the term for bacillus that can be exposed to acidic solutions without losing their stains? Answer: acid-fast Question: If a scientist didn't want to use an acid-fast staining technique, what type of microscopy could they use instead? Answer: fluorescence Question: What is another name for an expectorated sample? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What removes all stains from MTB? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for the Kinyoun stain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What become blue when stained? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color is Auramine-rhodamine staining? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There is a large body of evidence for fortified settlements at Linearbandkeramik sites along the Rhine, as at least some villages were fortified for some time with a palisade and an outer ditch. Settlements with palisades and weapon-traumatized bones have been discovered, such as at the Talheim Death Pit demonstrates "...systematic violence between groups" and warfare was probably much more common during the Neolithic than in the preceding Paleolithic period. This supplanted an earlier view of the Linear Pottery Culture as living a "peaceful, unfortified lifestyle". Question: Where was evidence of fortified settlements found? Answer: Linearbandkeramik Question: What did some villages fortify their settlements with? Answer: a palisade and an outer ditch Question: What tools were seen as evidence of violence among settlements? Answer: weapon-traumatized bones Question: What site in Talheim suggests violent warfare in the Neolithic era? Answer: the Talheim Death Pit Question: Where was evidence of fortified lifestyles found? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did some villages fortify their lifestyles with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What tools were seen as evidence of ditches among settlements? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What site in Talheim suggests violent warfare in the Paleolithic era? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Neollithic people have? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Sporadic use of the term for some of the subject matter occurred subsequently, such as the use by Étienne Serres in 1838 to describe the natural history, or paleontology, of man, based on comparative anatomy, and the creation of a chair in anthropology and ethnography in 1850 at the National Museum of Natural History (France) by Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau. Various short-lived organizations of anthropologists had already been formed. The Société Ethnologique de Paris, the first to use Ethnology, was formed in 1839. Its members were primarily anti-slavery activists. When slavery was abolished in France in 1848 the Société was abandoned. Question: Who used the term anthropology to describe the natural history of man? Answer: Étienne Serres Question: When was anthropology used as a term for comparative anatomy? Answer: 1838 Question: When was a chair created for anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History? Answer: 1850 Question: Where is the National Museum of Natural History located? Answer: France Question: What organization was formed by members whose primary objective was the abolishment of slavery? Answer: Société Ethnologique de Paris Question: What did Etienne Serres describe in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was a chair in anthropology and ethnography created in 1838? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who created a chair in anthropology and ethnography in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group first used the term Ethnology in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What society abolised slavery in France? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Schwarzenegger admitted that he has "behaved badly sometimes" and apologized, but also stated that "a lot of [what] you see in the stories is not true". This came after an interview in adult magazine Oui from 1977 surfaced, in which Schwarzenegger discussed attending sexual orgies and using substances such as marijuana. Schwarzenegger is shown smoking a marijuana joint after winning Mr. Olympia in the 1975 documentary film Pumping Iron. In an interview with GQ magazine in October 2007, Schwarzenegger said, "[Marijuana] is not a drug. It's a leaf. My drug was pumping iron, trust me." His spokesperson later said the comment was meant to be a joke. Question: What magazine published an interview quoting Schwarzenegger calling marijuana a "leaf"? Answer: GQ Question: What drug does the documentary Pumping Iron show Schwarzenegger using? Answer: marijuana
Context: In 1968 Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle published The Sound Pattern of English (SPE), the basis for generative phonology. In this view, phonological representations are sequences of segments made up of distinctive features. These features were an expansion of earlier work by Roman Jakobson, Gunnar Fant, and Morris Halle. The features describe aspects of articulation and perception, are from a universally fixed set, and have the binary values + or −. There are at least two levels of representation: underlying representation and surface phonetic representation. Ordered phonological rules govern how underlying representation is transformed into the actual pronunciation (the so-called surface form). An important consequence of the influence SPE had on phonological theory was the downplaying of the syllable and the emphasis on segments. Furthermore, the generativists folded morphophonology into phonology, which both solved and created problems. Question: When was The Sound Pattern of English published? Answer: 1968 Question: Other than Chomsky who else published The Sound Pattern of English? Answer: Morris Halle Question: Besides the syllable what was downplayed as a result of SPE's influence on phonological theory? Answer: emphasis on segments Question: What other discipline was combined with phonology by the generativists? Answer: morphophonology Question: When were expansion rules published? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Other than Chornsky who else published expansion rules? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Besides the syllable what was downplayed as a result of SPE's influence on expansion rules? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other discipline was combined with expansion by the generativists? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are from a universally important syllable? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The maximum distance at which a gun or missile can engage an aircraft is an important figure. However, many different definitions are used but unless the same definition is used, performance of different guns or missiles cannot be compared. For AA guns only the ascending part of the trajectory can be usefully used. One term is 'ceiling', maximum ceiling being the height a projectile would reach if fired vertically, not practically useful in itself as few AA guns are able to fire vertically, and maximum fuse duration may be too short, but potentially useful as a standard to compare different weapons. Question: What is an important number when it comes to guns engaging an aircraft? Answer: The maximum distance Question: What can be used to determine the maximum distance for an AA gun? Answer: only the ascending part of the trajectory Question: What is the term used to describe the height that a projectile would go to if it was fired vertically? Answer: maximum ceiling Question: Few AA guns are able to fire which way? Answer: vertically
Context: For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the "White guy with guitar" or "WGWG" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book American Idol: The Untold Story, said, "You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest," he says, "And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys." Question: What does the acronym WGWG stand for? Answer: White guy with guitar Question: Who won season eleven of American Idol? Answer: Phillip Phillips Question: What is the name of the book written by Richard Rushfield about American Idol? Answer: American Idol: The Untold Story Question: How many seasons in a row were won by caucasian guitar playing males? Answer: five Question: What instrument did the winners for five seasons in a row play? Answer: guitar Question: What is the WGWG factor? Answer: White guy with guitar Question: Who wrote American Idol: The Untold Story? Answer: Richard Rushfield Question: Who was named the winner of Season 11? Answer: Phillip Phillips
Context: Francis Marcus of the International Federation of the Red Cross praised the Chinese rescue effort as "swift and very efficient" in Beijing on Tuesday. But he added the scale of the disaster was such that "we can't expect that the government can do everything and handle every aspect of the needs". The Economist noted that China reacted to the disaster "rapidly and with uncharacteristic openness", contrasting it with Burma's secretive response to Cyclone Nargis, which devastated that country 10 days before the earthquake. Question: What did Francis Marcus say of the Chinese relief effort? Answer: swift and very efficient Question: What uncharacteristic attitude did China display? Answer: openness Question: What kind of attitude did Burma display in response to a cyclone a few days earlier? Answer: secretive Question: How long before the quake did Cyclone Nargis strike Burma? Answer: 10 days Question: What organization did Francis Marcus represent? Answer: International Federation of the Red Cross
Context: Bermuda's economy is based on offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism, the two largest economic sectors. Bermuda had one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century and several years beyond. Recently, its economic status has been affected by the global recession. It has a subtropical climate. Bermuda is the northernmost point of the Bermuda Triangle, a region of sea in which, according to legend, a number of aircraft and surface vessels have disappeared under supposedly unexplained or mysterious circumstances. The island is in the hurricane belt and prone to severe weather. However, it is somewhat protected from the full force of a hurricane by the coral reef that surrounds the island. Question: What two business drive Bermuda's economy? Answer: offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism Question: What type of climate does Bermuda have? Answer: subtropical Question: Bermuda stands as a northern point in what susposed area of strange activity and disappearances? Answer: Bermuda Triangle Question: What protects the island from storms? Answer: coral reef that surrounds the island Question: What are Bermuda's largest economic sectors? Answer: insurance and reinsurance, and tourism Question: What occurance is the greatest factor affecting Bermuda's economy? Answer: global recession Question: Why is the Bermuda Triangle an area of interest? Answer: a number of aircraft and surface vessels have disappeared under supposedly unexplained or mysterious circumstances. Question: Why is the island safe from full hurricane devastation? Answer: protected from the full force of a hurricane by the coral reef that surrounds the island. Question: What is the climate of Bermuda? Answer: subtropical Question: Who had the highest GDP per capita during the 20th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Bermuda Triangle the northernmost point of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the legend associated with Bermuda? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Bermuda's economy based on in addition to offshore tourism? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 15 July 1974, the Greek military junta under Dimitrios Ioannides carried out a coup d'état in Cyprus, to unite the island with Greece. The coup ousted president Makarios III and replaced him with pro-enosis nationalist Nikos Sampson. In response to the coup, five days later, on 20 July 1974, the Turkish army invaded the island, citing a right to intervene to restore the constitutional order from the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee. This justification has been rejected by the United Nations and the international community. Question: What date was a coup d'etat carried out in Cyprus? Answer: 15 July 1974 Question: Who lead the coup d'etat attempt? Answer: Dimitrios Ioannides Question: Who replaced president Makarios Ill? Answer: Nikos Sampson Question: What did the Turkish army to do respond to the coup d'etat? Answer: invaded the island Question: Which organization rejected the justification used by Turkey to invade? Answer: United Nations
Context: In the first decades of the 19th century, Federal architecture and Greek Revival architecture were dominated by Philadelphia architects such as Benjamin Latrobe, William Strickland, John Haviland, John Notman, Thomas U. Walter, and Samuel Sloan. Frank Furness is considered Philadelphia's greatest architect of the second half of the 19th century, but his contemporaries included John McArthur, Jr., Addison Hutton, Wilson Eyre, the Wilson Brothers, and Horace Trumbauer. In 1871, construction began on the Second Empire-style Philadelphia City Hall. The Philadelphia Historical Commission was created in 1955 to preserve the cultural and architectural history of the city. The commission maintains the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places, adding historic buildings, structures, sites, objects and districts as it sees fit. Question: Name 6 important Philadelphia architects? Answer: Benjamin Latrobe, William Strickland, John Haviland, John Notman, Thomas U. Walter, and Samuel Sloan Question: Who is Philadelphia's greatest architect of the later 19th century? Answer: Frank Furness Question: When did building begin on the Philadelphia CIty Hall? Answer: 1871 Question: What commission was created in 1955? Answer: Philadelphia Historical Commission Question: What does this commission control? Answer: Philadelphia Register of Historic Places
Context: SVCD has two-thirds the resolution of DVD, and over 2.7 times the resolution of VCD. One CD-R disc can hold up to 60 minutes of standard quality SVCD-format video. While no specific limit on SVCD video length is mandated by the specification, one must lower the video bit rate, and therefore quality, to accommodate very long videos. It is usually difficult to fit much more than 100 minutes of video onto one SVCD without incurring significant quality loss, and many hardware players are unable to play video with an instantaneous bit rate lower than 300 to 600 kilobits per second. Question: How much video can a CD-R contain? Answer: 60 minutes Question: Which has better resolution, a VCD or SVCD? Answer: SVCD Question: How are lengthy videos fit onto SVCDs? Answer: lower the video bit rate Question: What is the maximum amount of video a SVCD can properly hold? Answer: 100 minutes Question: How much can a VCD hold? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is there a video length limit on SVCD? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the kilobit rate for a DVD? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does a VCN compare to a DVD? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is it difficult to put more than 60 minutes on a DVD? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Kadamba (345 – 525 CE) was an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, India that ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from Banavasi in present-day Uttara Kannada district. At the peak of their power under King Kakushtavarma, the Kadambas of Banavasi ruled large parts of modern Karnataka state. The dynasty was founded by Mayurasharma in 345 CE which at later times showed the potential of developing into imperial proportions, an indication to which is provided by the titles and epithets assumed by its rulers. King Mayurasharma defeated the armies of Pallavas of Kanchi possibly with help of some native tribes. The Kadamba fame reached its peak during the rule of Kakusthavarma, a notable ruler with whom even the kings of Gupta Dynasty of northern India cultivated marital alliances. The Kadambas were contemporaries of the Western Ganga Dynasty and together they formed the earliest native kingdoms to rule the land with absolute autonomy. The dynasty later continued to rule as a feudatory of larger Kannada empires, the Chalukya and the Rashtrakuta empires, for over five hundred years during which time they branched into minor dynasties known as the Kadambas of Goa, Kadambas of Halasi and Kadambas of Hangal. Question: During what time did Kadamba rule northern Karnataka? Answer: 345 – 525 CE Question: Where did the Kadamba dynasty originate? Answer: Karnataka, India Question: What ruler ruled at the peak of Kadamba power? Answer: King Kakushtavarma Question: Who founded the Kamdamba dynasty? Answer: Mayurasharma Question: What dynasty made military alliances with the Kamdamba? Answer: Gupta Dynasty
Context: Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovative element. Question: What do the two blocks of Catalan display differences in? Answer: word choices Question: How can you explain differences in the language groups? Answer: as an archaism Question: What form is innovative? Answer: Central Catalan Question: What are the two blocks of Catalan? Answer: Eastern and Western Question: What does an archaism explain? Answer: lexical divergence Question: As what can divergence in the groups be shown? Answer: as an archaism Question: How does central Catalan behave with the groups? Answer: as an innovative element Question: What are the two dialectical groups of Catalan? Answer: Eastern and Western Question: What language has a lexical unity? Answer: Catalan
Context: Notwithstanding these technical and commercial successes on the Macintosh platform, their systems remained fairly expensive, making them less competitive in light of the falling costs of components that made IBM PC compatibles cheaper and accelerated their adoption. In 1989, Jean-Louis Gassée had steadfastly refused to lower the profit margins on Mac computers, then there was a component shortage that rocked the exponentially-expanding PC industry that year, forcing Apple USA head Allan Loren to cut prices which dropped Apple's margins. Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance comparable to the significantly costlier Macintosh. Furthermore, Apple had created too many similar models that confused potential buyers; at one point the product lineup was subdivided into Classic, LC, II, Quadra, Performa, and Centris models, with essentially the same computer being sold under a number of different names. Question: Who refused to lower the profit margins on Mac computers in 1989? Answer: Jean-Louis Gassée Question: What problem rocked the PC industry in 1989? Answer: a component shortage Question: What did the component shortage of 1989 force Allan Loren to do with Macs? Answer: cut prices Question: Who was Allan Loren? Answer: Apple USA head Question: When was Microsoft Windows 3.0 released? Answer: May 1990 Question: Who refused to lower the profit margins on Mac computers in 1998? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What problem rocked the PC industry in 1998? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the component shortage of 1998 force Allan Loren to do with Macs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was Eric Loren? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Microsoft Windows 2.0 released? May 1990 Answer: Unanswerable
Context: New Haven was the location of one of Jim Morrison's infamous arrests while he fronted the rock group The Doors. The near-riotous concert and arrest in 1967 at the New Haven Arena was commemorated by Morrison in the lyrics to "Peace Frog" which include the line "...blood in the streets in the town of New Haven..." This was the first time a rock star had ever been arrested in concert.[citation needed] This event is portrayed in the movie The Doors (1991), starring Val Kilmer as Morrison, with a concert hall in Los Angeles used to depict the New Haven Arena. Question: What infamous Doors frontman was once arrested in New Haven? Answer: Jim Morrison Question: At what venue was Jim Morrison arrested in New Haven? Answer: New Haven Arena Question: What Morrison song pays homage to his New Haven arrest while mentioning the town by name? Answer: "Peace Frog" Question: What 1991 film depicts the 1979 Morrison arrest in New Haven? Answer: The Doors Question: A popular 70s rock band group once played in New Haven, which result in an accident with one of it member, the man name was? Answer: Jim Morrison Question: What was the song sung that lead to the arrest of Morrison? Answer: "Peace Frog" Question: The event in 1967 later lead to inspiration of what movie in 1991? Answer: The Doors Question: The movie The Doors however did not film at New Haven, instead where did they film the reenactment? Answer: Los Angeles
Context: Each camp had its own religious personnel; standard bearers, priestly officers and their assistants, including a haruspex, and housekeepers of shrines and images. A senior magistrate-commander (sometimes even a consul) headed it, his chain of subordinates ran it and a ferocious system of training and discipline ensured that every citizen-soldier knew his duty. As in Rome, whatever gods he served in his own time seem to have been his own business; legionary forts and vici included shrines to household gods, personal deities and deities otherwise unknown. From the earliest Imperial era, citizen legionaries and provincial auxiliaries gave cult to the emperor and his familia on Imperial accessions, anniversaries and their renewal of annual vows. They celebrated Rome's official festivals in absentia, and had the official triads appropriate to their function – in the Empire, Jupiter, Victoria and Concordia were typical. By the early Severan era, the military also offered cult to the Imperial divi, the current emperor's numen, genius and domus (or familia), and special cult to the Empress as "mother of the camp." The near ubiquitous legionary shrines to Mithras of the later Imperial era were not part of official cult until Mithras was absorbed into Solar and Stoic Monism as a focus of military concordia and Imperial loyalty. Question: What type of personnel did every camp have? Answer: religious Question: What officer headed the religious personnel of a Roman camp? Answer: senior magistrate-commander Question: In the Imperial era, what cult did legionnaires follow? Answer: emperor Question: Even in other places, of what did the legions keep observance? Answer: Rome's official festivals Question: What person was considered to be "Mother of the camp''? Answer: Empress
Context: The most prominent struggle for power was the conflict that erupted after the death of Yaroslav the Wise. The rivaling Principality of Polotsk was contesting the power of the Grand Prince by occupying Novgorod, while Rostislav Vladimirovich was fighting for the Black Sea port of Tmutarakan belonging to Chernihiv.[citation needed] Three of Yaroslav's sons that first allied together found themselves fighting each other especially after their defeat to the Cuman forces in 1068 at the Battle of the Alta River. At the same time an uprising took place in Kiev, bringing to power Vseslav of Polotsk who supported the traditional Slavic paganism.[citation needed] The ruling Grand Prince Iziaslav fled to Poland asking for support and in couple of years returned to establish the order.[citation needed] The affairs became even more complicated by the end of the 11th century driving the state into chaos and constant warfare. On the initiative of Vladimir II Monomakh in 1097 the first federal council of Kievan Rus took place near Chernihiv]in the city of Liubech with the main intention to find an understanding among the fighting sides. However even though that did not really stop the fighting, it certainly cooled things off.[citation needed] Question: What immediately occurred after Yarsolav the Wise past away? Answer: conflict Question: Who was fighting for Tmutarakan following Yarsolav's death? Answer: Rostislav Vladimirovich Question: What country did the fleeing Grand Prince run off to? Answer: Poland Question: Where did the first federal council of Rus take place in 1097? Answer: city of Liubech Question: What did not cause a conflict of power? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not contest the power of the Grand Prince? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country did the Grand Prince avoid? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the Grand Prince return to establish order? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship. Question: When were the technical rules for the Japanses version of men's rhythmic gymnastics formed? Answer: 1970s Question: How many apparatuses are used? Answer: only four types Question: What are the types of apparatuses used? Answer: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs Question: What apparatuses do groups use? Answer: Groups do not use any apparatus Question: When did Japan hold the first of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Champtionship? Answer: November 27–29, 2003 Question: When did the technical rules for women's rhythmic gymnastics come around? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Soviet version include? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did China first host the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What apparatus types are only used in Japan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who hosted the first Gymnastics World Championship? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After Congress passed the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA, 1994), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA, 1996), and the Economic Espionage Act (EEA, 1996), the FBI followed suit and underwent a technological upgrade in 1998, just as it did with its CART team in 1991. Computer Investigations and Infrastructure Threat Assessment Center (CITAC) and the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) were created to deal with the increase in Internet-related problems, such as computer viruses, worms, and other malicious programs that threatened US operations. With these developments, the FBI increased its electronic surveillance in public safety and national security investigations, adapting to the telecommunications advancements that changed the nature of such problems. Question: What spurred the FBIs technological upgrade? Answer: CALEA Question: What team underwent a technological upgrade in 1991? Answer: CART Question: What were CITAC and NIPC created to deal with? Answer: Internet-related problems Question: What were computer viruses seen as a threat to? Answer: US operations Question: Did the FBI increase electronic surveillance? Answer: FBI increased its electronic surveillance Question: When did the FBI undergo a technological downgrade? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What team underwent a technological downgrade in 1991? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was CITAC and NIPC unable to deal with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Congress get rid of HIPAA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the CIA receive a technological upgrade? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes. Question: What is the first step in the human digestive system? Answer: the action of mastication (chewing) Question: What is saliva? Answer: a liquid secreted by the salivary glands Question: What is in saliva that starts to digest the starches? Answer: salivary amylase Question: What is the definition of bolus? Answer: a small, round slurry mass Question: What is the action of the food morving down the esophagus into the stomach called? Answer: peristalsis
Context: No further attempts to establish English colonies in the Americas were made until well into the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, during the last decades of the 16th century. In the meantime the Protestant Reformation had turned England and Catholic Spain into implacable enemies . In 1562, the English Crown encouraged the privateers John Hawkins and Francis Drake to engage in slave-raiding attacks against Spanish and Portuguese ships off the coast of West Africa with the aim of breaking into the Atlantic trade system. This effort was rebuffed and later, as the Anglo-Spanish Wars intensified, Elizabeth I gave her blessing to further privateering raids against Spanish ports in the Americas and shipping that was returning across the Atlantic, laden with treasure from the New World. At the same time, influential writers such as Richard Hakluyt and John Dee (who was the first to use the term "British Empire") were beginning to press for the establishment of England's own empire. By this time, Spain had become the dominant power in the Americas and was exploring the Pacific ocean, Portugal had established trading posts and forts from the coasts of Africa and Brazil to China, and France had begun to settle the Saint Lawrence River area, later to become New France. Question: What had turned England and Catholic Spain into implacable enemies? Answer: the Protestant Reformation Question: When did John Hawkins and Francis Drake attack Spanish and Portuguese slave ships? Answer: 1562 Question: Where did John Hawkins and Francis Drake attack Spanish and Portuguese slave ships? Answer: off the coast of West Africa Question: Who gave their blessing to further privateering raids against Spanish ports? Answer: Elizabeth I Question: Which author was the first to use the term "British Empire"? Answer: John Dee
Context: The macronutrients are carbohydrates, fats, protein, and water. The macronutrients (excluding fiber and water) provide structural material (amino acids from which proteins are built, and lipids from which cell membranes and some signaling molecules are built) and energy. Some of the structural material can be used to generate energy internally, and in either case it is measured in Joules or kilocalories (often called "Calories" and written with a capital C to distinguish them from little 'c' calories). Carbohydrates and proteins provide 17 kJ approximately (4 kcal) of energy per gram, while fats provide 37 kJ (9 kcal) per gram, though the net energy from either depends on such factors as absorption and digestive effort, which vary substantially from instance to instance. Vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water do not provide energy, but are required for other reasons. Question: Which category is represented by carbohydrates and fats among other nutrients? Answer: macronutrients Question: What other significant aspect do macronutrients provide other than energy? Answer: structural material Question: What unit other than calories is used to measure the energy generated by nutrients? Answer: Joules Question: Which nutrient generally provides around 37 kJ per gram? Answer: fats Question: Although vitamins are important for many reasons, which role do they not play in the human body? Answer: provide energy
Context: In addition to singing words, some a cappella singers also emulate instrumentation by reproducing instrumental sounds with their vocal cords and mouth. One of the earliest 20th century practitioners of this method were The Mills Brothers whose early recordings of the 1930s clearly stated on the label that all instrumentation was done vocally. More recently, "Twilight Zone" by 2 Unlimited was sung a cappella to the instrumentation on the comedy television series Tompkins Square. Another famous example of emulating instrumentation instead of singing the words is the theme song for The New Addams Family series on Fox Family Channel (now ABC Family). Groups such as Vocal Sampling and Undivided emulate Latin rhythms a cappella. In the 1960s, the Swingle Singers used their voices to emulate musical instruments to Baroque and Classical music. Vocal artist Bobby McFerrin is famous for his instrumental emulation. A cappella group Naturally Seven recreates entire songs using vocal tones for every instrument. Question: What do some a capella groups do other than sing words? Answer: emulate instrumentation Question: What a capella group is credited for being one of the earliest to adapt instrumental emulation? Answer: The Mills Brothers Question: What types of music did the Swingle Singers implement instrumental emulation for? Answer: Baroque and Classical music Question: What is the name of the ABC Family show whose theme is entirely a capella? Answer: The New Addams Family Question: What groups recordings in the 1960's stated all instruments were done vocally? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what series did the Swingle Singers sing Twilight Zone in a cappella? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another example of emulating Bobby McFerrin without singing the words? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What early recordings emulate Latin rhythms in a cappella? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In the 1930's what was Bobby McFerrin famous for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations. Question: Along with the invention of printing, and the associated dissemination of the printed word, what other factor is believed to have led to the Protestant Reformation? Answer: democratized learning Question: Which continents did Vasco da Gama circumnavigate in 1498? Answer: Africa and India Question: What effect did the discoveries of Columbus and da Gama have on European nations? Answer: strengthened the economy and power Question: What historical era is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era? Answer: the Renaissance Question: What was discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages? Answer: new trading routes Question: Along with the invention of printing, and the associated dissemination of the printed word, what other factor is not believed to have led to the Protestant Reformation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which continents did Vasco da Gama circumnavigate in 1489? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What effect didn't the discoveries of Columbus and da Gama have on European nations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What historical era isn't viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What wasn't discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater. Question: Who was instrumental in creating Organic architecture? Answer: Frank Lloyd Wright Question: What are two of Wright's designs? Answer: Robie House and Fallingwater Question: What was Wright's intention regarding humans and nature? Answer: to promote harmony Question: Who was instrumental in rejecting Organic architecture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was instrumental in creating inorganic architecture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are four of Wright's designs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Wright wanted to promote disharmony in what two groups? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As economic and demographic methods were applied to the study of history, the trend was increasingly to see the late Middle Ages as a period of recession and crisis. Belgian historian Henri Pirenne continued the subdivision of Early, High, and Late Middle Ages in the years around World War I. Yet it was his Dutch colleague, Johan Huizinga, who was primarily responsible for popularising the pessimistic view of the Late Middle Ages, with his book The Autumn of the Middle Ages (1919). To Huizinga, whose research focused on France and the Low Countries rather than Italy, despair and decline were the main themes, not rebirth. Question: What methods, applied to the study of history, led to the perception of the Middle Ages as a time of recession and crisis? Answer: economic and demographic Question: Which author popularized a pessimistic view of the Late Middle Ages in his 1919 book? Answer: Johan Huizinga Question: What was the title of Huizinga's 1919 book on the Middle Ages? Answer: The Autumn of the Middle Ages Question: Which countries were the focus of Huizinga's research? Answer: France and the Low Countries Question: What was the nationality of historian Henri Pirenne? Answer: Belgian Question: What methods, applied to the study of chemistry, led to the perception of the Middle Ages as a time of recession and crisis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which author popularized a pessimistic view of the Late Middle Ages in his 1991 book? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the title of Huizinga's 1819 book on the Middle Ages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which countries weren't the focus of Huizinga's research? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What wasn't the nationality of historian Henri Pirenne? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the 1981 Trooping the Colour ceremony and only six weeks before the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer, six shots were fired at the Queen from close range as she rode down The Mall on her horse, Burmese. Police later discovered that the shots were blanks. The 17-year-old assailant, Marcus Sarjeant, was sentenced to five years in prison and released after three. The Queen's composure and skill in controlling her mount were widely praised. From April to September 1982, the Queen remained anxious but proud of her son, Prince Andrew, who was serving with British forces during the Falklands War. On 9 July, the Queen awoke in her bedroom at Buckingham Palace to find an intruder, Michael Fagan, in the room with her. Remaining calm and through two calls to the Palace police switchboard, she spoke to Fagan while he sat at the foot of her bed until assistance arrived seven minutes later. Though she hosted US President Ronald Reagan at Windsor Castle in 1982 and visited his Californian ranch in 1983, she was angered when his administration ordered the invasion of Grenada, one of her Caribbean realms, without informing her. Question: During what ceremony were shots fired at the Queen? Answer: Trooping the Colour Question: Who was the assailant who shot at Queen Elizabeth? Answer: Marcus Sarjeant Question: Which of Elizabeth's sons served in the Falklands War? Answer: Prince Andrew Question: Who was the intruder Elizabeth awoke to find in her bedroom? Answer: Michael Fagan Question: What island's invasion angered Elizabeth? Answer: Grenada Question: In what year did Ronald Reagan order the invasion of Grenada? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month in 1982 did Ronald Reagan visit Windsor Castle? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month in 1983 did Elizabeth visit Reagan's California ranch? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Elizabeth's horses name in 1983? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many years did Michael Fagan serve for breaking into Buckingham Palace? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Communication is usually described along a few major dimensions: Message (what type of things are communicated), source / emisor / sender / encoder (by whom), form (in which form), channel (through which medium), destination / receiver / target / decoder (to whom), and Receiver. Wilbur Schram (1954) also indicated that we should also examine the impact that a message has (both desired and undesired) on the target of the message. Between parties, communication includes acts that confer knowledge and experiences, give advice and commands, and ask questions. These acts may take many forms, in one of the various manners of communication. The form depends on the abilities of the group communicating. Together, communication content and form make messages that are sent towards a destination. The target can be oneself, another person or being, another entity (such as a corporation or group of beings). Question: What is one dimension that communication is typically described along? Answer: channel (through which medium) Question: Who said that we should examine the impact a message has on the recipient of the message? Answer: Wilbur Schram Question: What acts are included in communication between parties? Answer: confer knowledge and experiences, give advice and commands, and ask questions Question: The forms of the acts included in communication depends on what? Answer: abilities of the group communicating Question: What is one target of communication? Answer: another person or being Question: What is described as having many major dimensions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The destination or target is thought to be the medium of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who didn't think a message would have any impact on the receiver? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Together, communication content, intent and form make messages that are sent where? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Transferring knowledge and experiences are the only types of what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In England, one of the few licensed venues The Eclipse attracted people from up and down the country as it was open until the early hours. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 was a government attempt to ban large rave dance events featuring music with "repetitive beats". There were a number of abortive "Kill the Bill" demonstrations. The Spiral Tribe at Castle Morten was probably the nail in the coffin for illegal raves, and forced through the bill, which became law, in November 1994. The music continued to grow and change, as typified by Leftfield with "Release the Pressure", which introduced dub and reggae into the house sound, although Leftfield had prior releases, such as "Not Forgotten" released in 1990 on Sheffield's Outer Rhythm records. Question: what act was passed in england in an attempt to ban large rave dance events? Answer: Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 Question: what was the nail in the coffin for illegal raves? Answer: The Spiral Tribe at Castle Morten Question: when did the bill become a law? Answer: November 1994 Question: what single introduced dub and reggae into the house sound? Answer: "Release the Pressure" Question: who recorded the hit single "release the pressure"? Answer: Leftfield Question: What act was passed in England in attempt to ban large records? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the nail in the coffin for illegal records? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the bill get repealed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What single introduced dub and reggae into the Castle sound? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who recorded the hit single "Not Released"? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Compact Disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD-RW), Video Compact Disc (VCD), Super Video Compact Disc (SVCD), Photo CD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced Music CD. Audio CDs and audio CD players have been commercially available since October 1982. Question: When did Audio CDs become available for purchase? Answer: 1982 Question: What does CD stand for? Answer: Compact Disc Question: What were CD's originally created to store? Answer: sound recordings Question: What does SVCD stand for? Answer: Super Video Compact Disc Question: In what year were compact discs realesed for purchase? Answer: 1982 Question: What was the original intended format for CDs? Answer: data storage Question: What year were CDs changed so that they could store data? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does ROM in CD-ROM stand for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which was released first; CD-R or CD-RW? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who created the CD? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does CD-i stand for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Acta Constitutiva de la Federación of January 31, 1824, and the Federal Constitution of October 4, 1824, fixed the political and administrative organization of the United Mexican States after the Mexican War of Independence. In addition, Section XXVIII of Article 50 gave the new Congress the right to choose where the federal government would be located. This location would then be appropriated as federal land, with the federal government acting as the local authority. The two main candidates to become the capital were Mexico City and Querétaro. Question: What was the other city in the running to become capital of Mexico? Answer: Querétaro Question: What part of the constitution established the right to create a capital city? Answer: Section XXVIII of Article 50 Question: When was the federal constitution signed? Answer: October 4, 1824 Question: What type of land is Mexico City? Answer: federal Question: Who is in charge of the land of Mexico City according to the original constitution? Answer: federal government
Context: Much of El Salvador was home to the Pipil, the Lenca, Xinca, and Kakawira. The Pipil lived in western El Salvador, spoke Nawat, and had many settlements there, most noticeably Cuzcatlan. The Pipil had no precious mineral resources, but they did have rich and fertile land that was good for farming. The Spaniards were disappointed not to find gold or jewels in El Salvador as they had in other lands like Guatemala or Mexico, but upon learning of the fertile land in El Salvador, they attempted to conquer it. Noted Meso-American indigenous warriors to rise militarily against the Spanish included Princes Atonal and Atlacatl of the Pipil people in central El Salvador and Princess Antu Silan Ulap of the Lenca people in eastern El Salvador, who saw the Spanish not as gods but as barbaric invaders. After fierce battles, the Pipil successfully fought off the Spanish army led by Pedro de Alvarado along with their Mexican Indian allies (the Tlaxcalas), sending them back to Guatemala. After many other attacks with an army reinforced with Guatemalan Indian allies, the Spanish were able to conquer Cuzcatlan. After further attacks, the Spanish also conquered the Lenca people. Eventually, the Spaniards intermarried with Pipil and Lenca women, resulting in the Mestizo population which would become the majority of the Salvadoran people. Today many Pipil and other indigenous populations live in the many small towns of El Salvador like Izalco, Panchimalco, Sacacoyo, and Nahuizalco. Question: El Salvador was home to which indigenous peoples? Answer: the Pipil, the Lenca, Xinca, and Kakawira Question: What was a major Pipil settlement in western El Salvador? Answer: Cuzcatlan Question: What was the language of the Pipil? Answer: Nawat Question: What did the Princes and Princesses see the Spanish as? Answer: barbaric invaders Question: What people resulted from the Spaniards intermarrying with Pipll and Lenca women? Answer: Mestizo
Context: The invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The settlement of peoples was accompanied by changes in languages. The Latin of the Western Roman Empire was gradually replaced by languages based on, but distinct from, Latin, collectively known as Romance languages. These changes from Latin to the new languages took many centuries. Greek remained the language of the Byzantine Empire, but the migrations of the Slavs added Slavonic languages to Eastern Europe. Question: People of what ethnicity settled in the Balkan Peninsula? Answer: Slavic Question: In what geographic region did most of the invaders settle in Gaul? Answer: north-east Question: What is the collective name for languages derived from Latin? Answer: Romance languages Question: What language was spoken in the Byzantine Empire? Answer: Greek Question: What languages were spoken by the Slavs? Answer: Slavonic
Context: The Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for ships travelling from Asia to Europe, and frequently sick mariners were left on the island to recover, before taking passage on the next ship to call on the island. Question: What did the island have an abundance of when discovered? Answer: trees and fresh water. Question: What was imported by the settlers of the island? Answer: livestock, fruit trees and vegetables Question: What kind of buildings were built by the settlers? Answer: a chapel and one or two houses. Question: Who was left on the island to recover when sick? Answer: mariners Question: What was the island a source of for ships travelling from Asia to Europe? Answer: food
Context: In Western Europe, some of the older Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. Values attached to Latin scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained important, it became a practical skill rather than a sign of elite status. In the 4th century, Jerome (d. 420) dreamed that God rebuked him for spending more time reading Cicero than the Bible. By the 6th century, Gregory of Tours (d. 594) had a similar dream, but instead of being chastised for reading Cicero, he was chastised for learning shorthand. By the late 6th century, the principal means of religious instruction in the Church had become music and art rather than the book. Most intellectual efforts went towards imitating classical scholarship, but some original works were created, along with now-lost oral compositions. The writings of Sidonius Apollinaris (d. 489), Cassiodorus (d. c. 585), and Boethius (d. c. 525) were typical of the age. Question: What author would Jerome rather read than the Bible? Answer: Cicero Question: In what year did Jerome die? Answer: 420 Question: In what century did Gregory of Tours live? Answer: 6th Question: Along with art, how was religious instruction commonly received in the late 6th century? Answer: music Question: When was the death of Sidonius Apollinaris? Answer: 489
Context: The 2015 General Election resulted in a net loss of seats throughout Great Britain, with Labour representation falling to 232 seats in the House of Commons. The Party lost 40 of its 41 seats in Scotland in the face of record breaking swings to the Scottish National Party. The scale of the decline in Labour's support was much greater than what had occurred at the 2011 elections for the Scottish parliament. Though Labour gained more than 20 seats in England and Wales, mostly from the Liberal Democrats but also from the Conservative Party, it lost more seats to Conservative challengers, including that of Ed Balls, for net losses overall. Question: What resulted in a net gain of seats? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many seats did the Conservatives have in the House of Commons in 2015? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many seats did the Scottish National Party lose? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did the Liberal Democrats gain seats? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was one of the Liberal Democrat challengers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This also includes non-killings that in the end eliminate the group, such as preventing births or forcibly transferring children out of the group to another group. A generalized meaning of genocide is similar to the ordinary meaning but also includes government killings of political opponents or otherwise intentional murder. It is to avoid confusion regarding what meaning is intended that Rummel created the term democide for the third meaning. Question: In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of genocide? Answer: murder by government Question: Rummel postulates that murder of people of government is due to national, ethnic, racial and which other membership? Answer: religious group Question: The legal meaning of genocide is contained in which international treaty? Answer: Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide Question: Included in the CPPCG is non-killings that ultimately achieve what end? Answer: eliminate the group Question: In the interpretation of non-killings, the CPPCG cites the forceful relocation of children along with what other factor? Answer: preventing births Question: In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of opponentsl? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which other membership besides national, ethnic, and racial does Rommul postulate that murder of people by government is due to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which international treaty is the legal meaning of opponents contained? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What end is achieved by non-killings included in the democide? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other factor along with the forceful relocation of political opponents does the the CPPCG cite in the interpretation of non-killings? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: FC Barcelona's all-time highest goalscorer in all competitions (including friendlies) is Lionel Messi with 474 goals. Messi is also the all-time highest goalscorer for Barcelona in all official competitions, excluding friendlies, with 445 goals. He is the record goalscorer for Barcelona in European (82 goals) and international club competitions (90 goals), and the record league scorer with 305 goals in La Liga. Four players have managed to score over 100 league goals at Barcelona: Lionel Messi (305), César Rodríguez (192), László Kubala (131) and Samuel Eto'o (108). Question: What is Lionel Messi's goal total in all competitions? Answer: 474 Question: How many players on the Barelona team have scored over 100 goals? Answer: Four Question: What is Messi's total goal scores in official competitions? Answer: 445 Question: How many goals has Messi scored in La Liga competitions? Answer: 305 Question: Who is the next highest goal scorer after Mess? Answer: César Rodríguez
Context: Micronesians settled the Marshall Islands in the 2nd millennium BC, but there are no historical or oral records of that period. Over time, the Marshall Island people learned to navigate over long ocean distances by canoe using traditional stick charts. Question: Who arrived at the Marshall Islands in the second millennium BC? Answer: Micronesians Question: What did not exist at the time during which Micronesians arrived at the Marshall Islands? Answer: historical or oral records Question: What vessel did early settlers of the Marshall Islands use to travel? Answer: canoe Question: What is the name of the item used as a primitive type of map for navigation by early settlers of the Marshall Islands? Answer: traditional stick charts Question: Who first settled the Marshall Islands? Answer: Micronesians Question: When were the Marshal Islands first settled? Answer: 2nd millennium BC Question: In what vehicles did the Marshall Islanders travel by water? Answer: canoe Question: What navigation aids did the Marshall Islanders use? Answer: stick charts
Context: The different dialects show many sound shifts in different vowels (even shifting between diphthongs and monophthongs), and in some cases consonants also shift pronunciation. For example, an oddity of West Flemings (and to a lesser extent, East Flemings) is that, the voiced velar fricative (written as "g" in Dutch) shifts to a voiced glottal fricative (written as "h" in Dutch), while the letter "h" in West Flemish becomes mute (just like in French). As a result, when West Flemish try to talk Standard Dutch, they're often unable to pronounce the g-sound, and pronounce it similar to the h-sound. This leaves f.e. no difference between "held" (hero) and "geld" (money). Or in some cases, they are aware of the problem, and hyper-correct the "h" into a voiced velar fricative or g-sound, again leaving no difference. Question: What's the Dutch word for "money"? Answer: geld Question: West Flemings pronounce the Dutch "g" as a voiced glottal frivative, which would be represented by what letter in standard Dutch? Answer: "h" Question: What other European language has a mute "h" like the West Flemings do? Answer: French Question: What word that means "hero" would a West Fleming speaker probably pronounce the same as "geld"? Answer: held Question: If a West Fleming speaker were being extra careful to avoid the silent "h," they might over-correct into what sound? Answer: g-sound
Context: On April 2, 1958, President Eisenhower reacted to the Soviet space lead in launching the first satellite, by recommending to the US Congress that a civilian agency be established to direct nonmilitary space activities. Congress, led by Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, responded by passing the National Aeronautics and Space Act, which Eisenhower signed into law on July 29, 1958. This law turned the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics into the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It also created a Civilian-Military Liaison Committee, chaired by the President, responsible for coordinating the nation's civilian and military space programs. Question: Who was the Senate's Majority Leader in 1958? Answer: Lyndon B. Johnson Question: The National Aeronautics and Space Act was established in what year? Answer: 1958 Question: What was NASA called before it became NASA? Answer: National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics Question: The first US satellite was launched on what date? Answer: April 2, 1958
Context: The culture in Southeast Asia is very diverse: on mainland Southeast Asia, the culture is a mix of Indochinese (Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand) and Chinese (Singapore and Vietnam). While in Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia the culture is a mix of indigenous Austronesian, Indian, Islamic, Western, and Chinese cultures. Also Brunei shows a strong influence from Arabia. Singapore and Vietnam show more Chinese influence in that Singapore, although being geographically a Southeast Asian nation, is home to a large Chinese majority and Vietnam was in China's sphere of influence for much of its history. Indian influence in Singapore is only evident through the Tamil migrants, which influenced, to some extent, the cuisine of Singapore. Throughout Vietnam's history, it has had no direct influence from India - only through contact with the Thai, Khmer and Cham peoples. Question: Arabia has a strong influence in which Southeast Asian country? Answer: Brunei Question: Singapore & Vietnam shows which influence predominantly? Answer: Chinese Question: The Indian influence is evident in which country through the Tamil migrants? Answer: Singapore Question: Where in Southeast Asia is the culture not very divers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the culture predominatly Chinese? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the indigenous culture Australian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country has directly influenced the culture of Vietnam? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Ramanuja (c. 1037–1137) was the foremost proponent of the philosophy of Viśiṣṭādvaita or qualified non-dualism. Viśiṣṭādvaita advocated the concept of a Supreme Being with essential qualities or attributes. Viśiṣṭādvaitins argued against the Advaitin conception of Brahman as an impersonal empty oneness. They saw Brahman as an eternal oneness, but also as the source of all creation, which was omnipresent and actively involved in existence. To them the sense of subject-object perception was illusory and a sign of ignorance. However, the individual's sense of self was not a complete illusion since it was derived from the universal beingness that is Brahman. Ramanuja saw Vishnu as a personification of Brahman. Question: What is the philosophy of dualism? Answer: Viśiṣṭādvaita Question: Who was the leader in pushing the philosophy of Visistadvaita? Answer: Ramanuja Question: When did Ramanuja live? Answer: c. 1037–1137 Question: For the existence of what did the Visistadvaita philosophy argue? Answer: Supreme Being Question: What being did Ramanuja believe was the personification of Brahman Answer: Vishnu Question: Who opposed Visistadvaita? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Visistadvaita first proposed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Visistadvaitins and Advaitins agree on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the philosophy of qualified dualism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Advaitins believe was a personification of Brahman? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city has numerous neighborhoods consisting of vacant properties resulting in low inhabited density in those areas, stretching city services and infrastructure. These neighborhoods are concentrated in the northeast and on the city's fringes. A 2009 parcel survey found about a quarter of residential lots in the city to be undeveloped or vacant, and about 10% of the city's housing to be unoccupied. The survey also reported that most (86%) of the city's homes are in good condition with a minority (9%) in fair condition needing only minor repairs. Question: How many of Detroit's residential lots are are underdeveloped? Answer: a quarter Question: How many of Detroit's housing is unoccupied? Answer: 10% Question: How many home in Detroit need minor repairs? Answer: 9% Question: How many of Detroit's home are in good condition? Answer: 86% Question: Where are most of the low density area of Detroit located? Answer: northeast and on the city's fringes
Context: Following the Fourth Crusade and the fall of Constantinople to the "Latins" in 1204 mainland Greece was split between the Greek Despotate of Epirus (a Byzantine successor state) and Frankish rule (known as the Frankokratia), while some islands came under Venetian rule. The re-establishment of the Byzantine imperial capital in Constantinople in 1261 was accompanied by the empire's recovery of much of the Greek peninsula, although the Frankish Principality of Achaea in the Peloponnese and the rival Greek Despotate of Epirus in the north both remained important regional powers into the 14th century, while the islands remained largely under Genoese and Venetian control. Question: Greece was split into sections of different rulers in what year? Answer: 1204 Question: Constantinople once again became a capital in what year? Answer: 1261 Question: The Grecian islands in the 14th century were under the control of who? Answer: Genoese and Venetian Question: In 1261 Constantinople was the capital for which empire? Answer: Byzantine
Context: Louis' advisors believed that, as long as Strasbourg remained independent, it would endanger the King's newly annexed territories in Alsace, and, that to defend these large rural lands effectively, a garrison had to be placed in towns such as Strasbourg. Indeed, the bridge over the Rhine at Strasbourg had been used repeatedly by Imperial (Holy Roman Empire) forces, and three times during the Franco-Dutch War Strasbourg had served as a gateway for Imperial invasions into Alsace. In September 1681 Louis' forces, though lacking a clear casus belli, surrounded the city with overwhelming force. After some negotiation, Louis marched into the city unopposed on 30 September 1681 and proclaimed its annexation. Question: How many times was the Rhines bridge used during the Franco-Dutch War? Answer: three Question: When did Louis surround the city with considerable force? Answer: September 1681 Question: When did Louis march into the city unopposed and proclaimed its annexation? Answer: 30 September 1681 Question: In what year did King Louis annex Alsace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date did the Franco-Dutch War start? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was King Louis crowned? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Iranian cuisine is diverse due to its variety of ethnic groups and the influence of other cultures. Herbs are frequently used along with fruits such as plums, pomegranates, quince, prunes, apricots, and raisins. Iranians usually eat plain yogurt with lunch and dinner; it is a staple of the diet in Iran. To achieve a balanced taste, characteristic flavourings such as saffron, dried limes, cinnamon, and parsley are mixed delicately and used in some special dishes. Onions and garlic are normally used in the preparation of the accompanying course, but are also served separately during meals, either in raw or pickled form. Iran is also famous for its caviar. Question: In Iranian cuisine, what is habitually used with fruits? Answer: Herbs Question: Iranians usually eat what diet staple with lunch and dinner? Answer: plain yogurt Question: What delicacy is Iran famous for? Answer: caviar Question: Why is Iranian cuisine so diverse besides being influenced by other cultures? Answer: its variety of ethnic groups
Context: "Green" in modern European languages corresponds to about 520–570 nm, but many historical and non-European languages make other choices, e.g. using a term for the range of ca. 450–530 nm ("blue/green") and another for ca. 530–590 nm ("green/yellow").[citation needed] In the comparative study of color terms in the world's languages, green is only found as a separate category in languages with the fully developed range of six colors (white, black, red, green, yellow, and blue), or more rarely in systems with five colors (white, red, yellow, green, and black/blue). (See distinction of green from blue) These languages have introduced supplementary vocabulary to denote "green", but these terms are recognizable as recent adoptions that are not in origin color terms (much like the English adjective orange being in origin not a color term but the name of a fruit). Thus, the Thai word เขียว besides meaning "green" also means "rank" and "smelly" and holds other unpleasant associations. Question: In which language does the word for "green" also mean "rank" and "smelly"? Answer: Thai Question: In what range does the color green fall in modern European languages? Answer: 520–570 nm Question: What is the origin of the word "orange"? Answer: the name of a fruit Question: What does the Thai word for green correspond to in nm? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many colors are in Thai's color system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many languages have green as a separate color? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The English word for Green was originally not a color term but a what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the color range of yellow in European languages? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The inclusiveness of Weinreich's definition (above) directs attention to the totality of one's identity at a given phase in time, and assists in elucidating component aspects of one's total identity, such as one's gender identity, ethnic identity, occupational identity and so on. The definition readily applies to the young child, to the adolescent, to the young adult, and to the older adult in various phases of the life cycle. Depending on whether one is a young child or an adult at the height of one's powers, how one construes oneself as one was in the past will refer to very different salient experiential markers. Likewise, how one construes oneself as one aspires to be in the future will differ considerably according to one's age and accumulated experiences. (Weinreich & Saunderson, (eds) 2003, pp 26–34). Question: What are gender identity, ethnic identity, and occupational identity aspects of? Answer: one's total identity Question: How one construes oneself now and in the future differs considerably because of what 2 things? Answer: age and accumulated experiences Question: The young child, the adolescent, the young adult and the older adult are phases of what? Answer: the life cycle Question: The salient experiential markers one uses to define one's past self differ based on the age that one was at what? Answer: the height of one's powers Question: What are the parts of one's family identity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is directed at the totality of one's identity during all phases and all times? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What makes how one construes oneself now and in the future similar? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The phases of what our gender identity, ethnic identity and occupational identity? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as "superbugs", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled. For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis (TB) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeutic challenges. Every year, nearly half a million new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are estimated to occur worldwide. For example, NDM-1 is a newly identified enzyme conveying bacterial resistance to a broad range of beta-lactam antibacterials. The United Kingdom's Health Protection Agency has stated that "most isolates with NDM-1 enzyme are resistant to all standard intravenous antibiotics for treatment of severe infections." Question: What are strains that are resistant to antibiotics called sometimes? Answer: superbugs Question: What was a once almost controlled disease that is coming back do to resistance? Answer: tuberculosis Question: How many new infections of resistant TB are reported per year? Answer: half a million Question: What is the acronym used to describe resistant TB? Answer: MDR-TB Question: What are strains that are resistant to tuberculosis called sometimes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a once almost controlled antibiotic that is coming back to do resistance? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many new infections of bacteria are reported per year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the acronym used to describe enzymes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a newly identified enzyme conveying bacterial resistance to a broad range of strains and species? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: High hopes for the AFL waned when interim commissioner Ed Policy announced his resignation, citing the obsolescence of his position in the reformatted league. Two weeks later, the Los Angeles Avengers announced that they were formally folding the franchise. One month later, the league missed the deadline to formally ratify the new collective bargaining agreement and announced that it was eliminating health insurance for the players. Progress on the return stalled, and no announcements were made regarding the future of the league. Question: What was the job title of Ed Policy? Answer: interim commissioner Question: After Ed Policy resigned, what franchise closed? Answer: Los Angeles Avengers Question: How many weeks after Policy's resignation did the Avengers fold? Answer: Two Question: How long after the shuttering of the Avengers did the league fail to ratify the new collective bargaining agreement? Answer: One month Question: What reason did Policy give for his resignation? Answer: the obsolescence of his position in the reformatted league
Context: In 1393 King Richard II compelled landlords to erect signs outside their premises. The legislation stated "Whosoever shall brew ale in the town with intention of selling it must hang out a sign, otherwise he shall forfeit his ale." This was to make alehouses easily visible to passing inspectors, borough ale tasters, who would decide the quality of the ale they provided. William Shakespeare's father, John Shakespeare, was one such inspector. Question: Which monarch required landlords to post a sign if they wanted to sell ale? Answer: Richard II Question: In what year did the king demand ale-sellers post signage on pain of forfeiture? Answer: 1393 Question: What was William Shakespeare's father's first name? Answer: John Question: What was John Shakespeare's profession? Answer: inspectors Question: If an ale-seller refused to post a sign, what punishment would he receive? Answer: forfeit his ale
Context: New Haven lies in the transition between a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfa) and humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), but having more characteristics of the former, as is typical of much of the New York metropolitan area. Summers are humid and warm, with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on 7–8 days per year. Winters are cold with moderate snowfall interspersed with rainfall and occasionally mixed precipitation. The weather patterns that affect New Haven result from a primarily offshore direction, thus reducing the marine influence of Long Island Sound—although, like other marine areas, differences in temperature between areas right along the coastline and areas a mile or two inland can be large at times. Question: Though harboring transitive properties, what Koppen climate classification does the New Haven climate more closely characterize? Answer: Dfa Question: What season is typically characterized as humid and warm in New Haven? Answer: Summers Question: What baseline temperature threshold do temperatures normally exceed throughout the summer in New Haven? Answer: 90 °F (32 °C) Question: How heavy is the snowfall typically throughout the winter in New Haven? Answer: moderate Question: New Haven's climate is largely analogous to what major adjoining metropolitan area? Answer: New York Question: The New Haven's area closesly resemble which type of climate? Answer: humid continental climate Question: Does summertime gets weather hotter than 90 degrees? Answer: 7–8 days per year Question: Due to being a coastal city, how much snow does the city gets? Answer: moderate snowfall Question: What is the main effects in New Haven's weather due to being a coastal city? Answer: differences in temperature between areas
Context: Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the "Carolingian Renaissance". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin. Question: Where was Charlemagne's court based? Answer: Aachen Question: What is the name of the cultural revival associated with Charlemagne? Answer: Carolingian Renaissance Question: Of what ethnicity was Alcuin? Answer: English Question: In what year did Alcuin die? Answer: 804 Question: What was the Latin of Charlemagne's era later known as? Answer: Medieval Latin
Context: Situated between two large linguistic blocks (Ibero-Romance and Gallo-Romance), Catalan has many unique lexical choices, such as enyorar "to miss somebody", apaivagar "to calm down somebody", or rebutjar "reject". Question: What are the linguistic blocks Catalan lies between? Answer: Ibero-Romance and Gallo-Romance Question: What kind of linguistic choices does Catalan have? Answer: unique Question: What type of unique choices does Catalan have? Answer: lexical Question: What is the Catalan to miss somebody? Answer: enyorar
Context: On Saturday, 24 June 1950, U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson informed President Truman that the North Koreans had invaded South Korea. Truman and Acheson discussed a U.S. invasion response and agreed that the United States was obligated to act, paralleling the North Korean invasion with Adolf Hitler's aggressions in the 1930s, with the conclusion being that the mistake of appeasement must not be repeated. Several U.S. industries were mobilized to supply materials, labor, capital, production facilities, and other services necessary to support the military objectives of the Korean War. However, President Truman later acknowledged that he believed fighting the invasion was essential to the American goal of the global containment of communism as outlined in the National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68) (declassified in 1975): Question: Which Secretary of State did President Truman hold discussions about how the US would respond to the invasion of South Korea? Answer: Dean Acheson Question: The North Korean invasion of South Korea was compared to what event? Answer: Adolf Hitler's aggressions Question: What did the US not want to see repeated? Answer: the mistake of appeasement Question: The US involvement in the Korean War was important to achieving what goal? Answer: the global containment of communism Question: What report discussed the United States's goals for containing communism? Answer: National Security Council Report 68
Context: Botany, also called plant science(s) or plant biology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who specializes in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word βοτάνη (botanē) meaning "pasture", "grass", or "fodder"; βοτάνη is in turn derived from βόσκειν (boskein), "to feed" or "to graze". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists study approximately 400,000 species of living organisms of which some 260,000 species are vascular plants and about 248,000 are flowering plants. Question: What is botany? Answer: science of plant life Question: What does the word botany mean? Answer: "to feed" or "to graze" Question: What is a plant scientist called? Answer: A botanist Question: Does botany only study plants? Answer: included the study of fungi and algae
Context: France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis. A month prior to the siege of Nice, France supported the Ottomans with an artillery unit during the 1543 Ottoman conquest of Esztergom in northern Hungary. After further advances by the Turks, the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand officially recognized Ottoman ascendancy in Hungary in 1547. Question: France and the Ottoman Empire united against what? Answer: Habsburg rule Question: Where did the French lay conquest in 1553? Answer: Corsica Question: The conquest of Nice was an effort by Suleiman and what French king? Answer: Francis I Question: What were the names of the Ottoman admirals who commanded the conquest of Nice? Answer: Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis Question: What ruler recognized the Ottomans in 1547? Answer: Ferdinand
Context: Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems. Question: What Apple program is used to communicate between computers and portable devices? Answer: iTunes Question: Which operating systems are compatible with iTunes? Answer: Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows Question: What's the name of the software used to manage music and other media on Apple devices? Answer: iTunes
Context: Eton's best-known holiday takes place on the so-called "Fourth of June", a celebration of the birthday of King George III, Eton's greatest patron. This day is celebrated with the Procession of Boats, in which the top rowing crews from the top four years row past in vintage wooden rowing boats. Similar to the Queen's Official Birthday, the "Fourth of June" is no longer celebrated on 4 June, but on the Wednesday before the first weekend of June. Eton also observes St. Andrew's Day, on which the Eton wall game is played.[citation needed] Question: What is Eton's best-known holiday? Answer: "Fourth of June" Question: What does the "Fourth of June" celebrate? Answer: the birthday of King George III Question: When is the Fourth of June celebrated? Answer: the Wednesday before the first weekend of June Question: Which event is held on the Fourth of June? Answer: Procession of Boats Question: On what day of the year did King George III die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date is the Queen's Official Birthday celebrated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date is St. Andrew's Day? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is the Queen's birthday celebrated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When is St. Andrew's Day actually observed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Transformation, unlike transduction or conjugation, depends on numerous bacterial gene products that specifically interact to perform this complex process, and thus transformation is clearly a bacterial adaptation for DNA transfer. In order for a bacterium to bind, take up and recombine donor DNA into its own chromosome, it must first enter a special physiological state termed competence (see Natural competence). In Bacillus subtilis, about 40 genes are required for the development of competence. The length of DNA transferred during B. subtilis transformation can be between a third of a chromosome up to the whole chromosome. Transformation appears to be common among bacterial species, and thus far at least 60 species are known to have the natural ability to become competent for transformation. The development of competence in nature is usually associated with stressful environmental conditions, and seems to be an adaptation for facilitating repair of DNA damage in recipient cells. Question: What does transformation of bacteria depends on? Answer: numerous bacterial gene products Question: How simple is the process of transformation? Answer: this complex process Question: What is the first requirement in order for bacteria to bind and recombine with other bacteria's DNA Answer: enter a special physiological state termed competence Question: How big can be the transformation level? Answer: between a third of a chromosome up to the whole chromosome Question: How rare is the transformation among bacteria organisms? Answer: common
Context: Cultural depictions of dogs in art extend back thousands of years to when dogs were portrayed on the walls of caves. Representations of dogs became more elaborate as individual breeds evolved and the relationships between human and canine developed. Hunting scenes were popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Dogs were depicted to symbolize guidance, protection, loyalty, fidelity, faithfulness, watchfulness, and love. Question: Thousands of years ago, dogs were depicted on the walls of what? Answer: caves. Question: What scenes were popular in art during the Middle Ages? Answer: Hunting Question: Dogs were depicted as art on the walls of what? Answer: caves Question: What kind of art scene was popular in the Middle Ages? Answer: Hunting scenes Question: As relationships between people and dogs got closer, what happened to the art that had dogs in it? Answer: became more elaborate
Context: Contact with European diseases such as smallpox and measles killed between 50 and 67 per cent of the Aboriginal population of North America in the first hundred years after the arrival of Europeans. Some 90 per cent of the native population near Massachusetts Bay Colony died of smallpox in an epidemic in 1617–1619. In 1633, in Plymouth, the Native Americans there were exposed to smallpox because of contact with Europeans. As it had done elsewhere, the virus wiped out entire population groups of Native Americans. It reached Lake Ontario in 1636, and the lands of the Iroquois by 1679. During the 1770s, smallpox killed at least 30% of the West Coast Native Americans. The 1775–82 North American smallpox epidemic and 1837 Great Plains smallpox epidemic brought devastation and drastic population depletion among the Plains Indians. In 1832, the federal government of the United States established a smallpox vaccination program for Native Americans (The Indian Vaccination Act of 1832). Question: What percent of the Aboriginal population of North America was killed in the first hundred years after first contact by smallpox and measles? Answer: between 50 and 67 per cent Question: How much of the native population near Massachusetts was killed by smallpox in the epidemic between 1617 and 1619? Answer: 90 per cent Question: Who were the Native Americans exposed to smallpox because of? Answer: Europeans Question: When did smallpox read the lands of the Iroquois? Answer: by 1679 Question: What did the Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 establish? Answer: a smallpox vaccination program for Native Americans
Context: During the summers at Nohant, particularly in the years 1839–43, Chopin found quiet, productive days during which he composed many works, including his Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53. Among the visitors to Nohant were Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, whom Chopin had advised on piano technique and composition. Delacroix gives an account of staying at Nohant in a letter of 7 June 1842: Question: What is the example given of a work produced by Frédéric during calm summers at Nohant? Answer: Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53 Question: Which of the two people that visited Chopin were tutored by him on piano? Answer: Pauline Viardot Question: On what date did Delacroix write a letter based on his visit at Nohant? Answer: 7 June 1842 Question: What did Chopin help Pauline Viardot with? Answer: piano technique and composition Question: Who were two visitors to Chopin while in Nohant? Answer: Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot Question: What two things did Chopin advise Viardot on? Answer: piano technique and composition. Question: Who wrote a letter on June 7, 1842 about a stay in Nohant? Answer: Delacroix
Context: After the ceasefire following the Fall of France in June 1940, Alsace was annexed to Germany and a rigorous policy of Germanisation was imposed upon it by the Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner. When, in July 1940, the first evacuees were allowed to return, only residents of Alsatian origin were admitted. The last Jews were deported on 15 July 1940 and the main synagogue, a huge Romanesque revival building that had been a major architectural landmark with its 54-metre-high dome since its completion in 1897, was set ablaze, then razed. Question: In what year was the Fall of France? Answer: 1940 Question: What country was Alsace annexed to? Answer: Germany Question: Who imposed the rigorous policy of Germanisation? Answer: Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner Question: When were the first evacuees allowed to return? Answer: July 1940 Question: How high was the dome at the Romanesque revival building? Answer: 54-metre Question: In what year was Robert Heinrich Wagner made Gauleiter? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month and year was the main synagogue set ablaze and razed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month and year did the war start that resulted in the Fall of France? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where were the last Jews deported to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran, like those excavated at the Kashafrud and Ganj Par sites, attest to a human presence in Iran since the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC. Iran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic period, c. 200,000–40,000 BC, have been found mainly in the Zagros region, at sites such as Warwasi and Yafteh Cave.[page needed] Around 10th to 8th millennium BC, early agricultural communities such as Chogha Golan and Chogha Bonut began to flourish in Iran, as well as Susa and Chogha Mish developing in and around the Zagros region.[page needed] Question: How long ago were the earliest artifacts from that were evidence of humans in Iran? Answer: the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC Question: What region of Iran did Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic Period were found? Answer: the Zagros region Question: When did early agricultural communities in Iran begin to appear and prosper? Answer: 10th to 8th millennium BC Question: What were dug up from the archaeological sites Kashafrud and Ganj Par in Iran? Answer: The earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran
Context: The newly invented Western Electric moving coil or dynamic microphone was part of the Wide Range System. It had a flatter audio response than the old style Wente condenser type and didn't require electronics installed in the microphone housing. Signals fed to the cutting head were pre-emphasized in the treble region to help override noise in playback. Groove cuts in the vertical plane were employed rather than the usual lateral cuts. The chief advantage claimed was more grooves per inch that could be crowded together, resulting in longer playback time. Additionally, the problem of inner groove distortion, which plagued lateral cuts, could be avoided with the vertical cut system. Wax masters were made by flowing heated wax over a hot metal disc thus avoiding the microscopic irregularities of cast blocks of wax and the necessity of planing and polishing. Question: What was a benefit of vertical groove cuts? Answer: longer playback time Question: What could be avoided by using vertical groove cuts? Answer: inner groove distortion Question: How was the moving coil microphone unique to the Wente type? Answer: didn't require electronics installed in the microphone housing Question: How was sound improved using the moving coil microphone? Answer: override noise in playback Question: How was wax used to improve recordings? Answer: avoiding the microscopic irregularities
Context: Construction of the chapel, originally intended to be slightly over twice as long, with eighteen - or possibly seventeen - bays (there are eight today) was stopped when Henry VI was deposed. Only the Quire of the intended building was completed. Eton's first Headmaster, William Waynflete, founder of Magdalen College, Oxford and previously Head Master of Winchester College, built the ante-chapel that finishes the Chapel today. The important wall paintings in the Chapel and the brick north range of the present School Yard also date from the 1480s; the lower storeys of the cloister, including College Hall, had been built between 1441 and 1460. Question: Who was Eton's first Headmaster? Answer: William Waynflete Question: How old are the wall paintings in the Chapel and School Yard? Answer: 1480s Question: Between what years was College Hall built? Answer: 1441 and 1460 Question: How many bays was the chapel originially intended to have? Answer: eighteen - or possibly seventeen Question: How many bays does the chapel have today? Answer: eight Question: In what year was Henry Vi deposed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the first Headmaster of Magdalen College? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did William Waynflete die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Magdalen College founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Winchester College established? Answer: Unanswerable

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