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# Aystetten
**Aystetten** is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany.
## Population
In the area of the municipality in 1970 there were 1,900 people. In 1987, 2,383 people lived in Aystetten. As of the census of 2000, 3,078 people lived in about 1,250 households counted. In the town the population was spread out, with 200 children up to 6 years old, 213 between 6 and 12 years, 204 young people between 12 and 18 years, 500 people over 65 years
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# Electricity (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark song)
\"**Electricity**\" is the 1979 debut single by English electronic band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), featured on their eponymous debut album the following year. Andy McCluskey and Paul Humphreys sing the lead vocals on the track together in unison, although Humphreys is positioned higher in the mix. Recognised as one of the most influential singles of its era, \"Electricity\" was integral to the rise of the UK\'s synth-pop movement. It has garnered praise from music journalists and other recording artists.
The track is a holdover from defunct Wirral group the Id (who were led by McCluskey and Humphreys), and features a melodic synthesizer break as opposed to a sung chorus. Following OMD\'s release of \"Electricity\" on Factory Records, the band were offered a recording contract with Dindisc, who twice re-issued the single. It achieved limited success on the UK singles chart, peaking at no. 99 in early 1980, but found popularity in nightclubs. A 2019 re-release, through Virgin EMI, topped the UK Vinyl Singles Chart.
## Background
\"Electricity\" was the first song that Andy McCluskey and Paul Humphreys wrote together at the age of 16. It addresses society\'s wasteful usage of energy resources. Inspired by Kraftwerk\'s \"Radioactivity\", the track was described by McCluskey as \"a faster, punkier version of \'Radioactivity\' with a chorus\". As with single \"Messages\" from the same album, a sung chorus is substituted for a melodic synthesizer break.
McCluskey and Humphreys originally recorded \"Electricity\" as members of OMD precursor group the Id, in early 1978. After OMD\'s first concert, opening for Joy Division in a 1978 appearance at Eric\'s Club in Liverpool, McCluskey was inspired to send a demo of the song to Factory Records founder Tony Wilson. They later heard that while he was not impressed with it, his wife was, so he bought it from them and released it as a single. Its ensuing success led to them receiving a seven-album record deal with Dindisc, worth over £250,000.
Humphreys and McCluskey sing the lead vocals on the track together in unison, although Humphreys is positioned higher in the mix.
## Reception
\"Electricity\" was a hit with veteran DJ John Peel, who gave the song regular play on his late-night radio show; as a result, the British music press quickly picked up on the song. Adrian Thrills of *NME* cited it as \"the best example of Factory Records to date`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki} excellent, melodic, synthesiser pop\". He also lauded B-side \"Almost\", calling it \"a doleful, heartsick slab of electronic angst\". In a review of 1980 single \"Enola Gay\", Jonathan Green of *The Canberra Times* described both it and \"Electricity\" as a \"super pop song\".
Conversely, Garry Bushell gave a negative review in *Sounds*, in which he remarked: \"If Mike Oldfield was ten years younger and a Tubeway Army fan, this is what he\'d sound like\... who wants to listen to a bunch of Scousers whining about electricity anyway?\" (Bushell later called his \"less than generous\" appraisal a \"mistake\".) David Hepworth, who re-assessed the track in the same publication, wrote that OMD\'s sound \"commands your attention\" and lauded the single for being \"packaged with as much taste as it\'s played\". \"Electricity\" reached no. 2 on the *Sounds* Alternative Chart in the summer of 1979 and became popular in nightclubs.
In a retrospective article, Ned Raggett of AllMusic described the song as \"pure zeitgeist, a celebration of synth pop\'s incipient reign\". Critic Dave Thompson called it a \"perfect electro-pop number\".
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# Electricity (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark song)
## Legacy
Andrew Trendell of *NME* recognised \"Electricity\" as a \"classic\" and \"one of the most influential singles of the post-punk era\". *The Guardian*{{\'}}s Mary Harron wrote that the song \"pioneered a new electronic pop\", while Mike Mettler of *Digital Trends* said it \"is generally acknowledged as being *the* pioneering inspirational synth-pop track for many early electronic artists\". Author and musician Rudi Esch described \"Electricity\" as \"a song that started a new movement\"; Esch borrowed its title for his book, *Electri_City: The Düsseldorf School of Electronic Music* (2016). John Earls of *Classic Pop* called the track \"groundbreaking\", as did AFI and Blaqk Audio frontman, Davey Havok.
Erasure bandleader Vince Clarke (formerly chief songwriter of Depeche Mode and Yazoo) told the BBC, \"When I was 18 or 19 I heard a single called \'Electricity\' by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark. It sounded so different from anything I\'d heard; that really made me want to make electronic music, \'cause it was so unique.\" The song was a fixture in the DJ sets of Duran Duran\'s Nick Rhodes; bandmate John Taylor cited it as an early influence on the group. The track has also impacted artists such as Alphaville, No Doubt, Ministry\'s Al Jourgensen,Jourgensen wrote that he \"started doing this music influenced by all the music \[then-girlfriend\] Shannon was exposing \[him\] to\", citing OMD\'s \"Electricity\" as an example.
- Take That\'s Gary Barlow, and Nation of Language, whose formation it directly inspired. \"Electricity\" and its cover art were highly influential on the parallel music and graphic design careers of Brett Wickens (co-founder of the groups Spoons and Ceramic Hello). BBC Radio\'s Steve Lamacq has named the \"wonderful\" song as his inspiration to become a radio DJ, noting that he wanted to afford air time to similar, \"curious\" music.
\"Electricity\" has been praised by other musicians. Ted Ottaviano of Book of Love, a band heavily influenced by OMD, said, \"I\'ve never heard anything so simple and sophisticated all at the same time\... \[It\'s\] one of my all-time faves.\" Mute Records founder Daniel Miller wrote, \"I remember thinking, \'My God, that\'s an amazing pop song\'.\" Philip Oakey of the Human League called it a \"brilliant single\", while Simple Minds frontman Jim Kerr commented, \"I bought it and played it nonstop\... I was downright jealous to be honest.\" David Balfe of The Teardrop Explodes described \"Electricity\" as an \"electronica classic\" that is \"known and loved by us all\".
The track has been covered by artists including NOFX, Apoptygma Berzerk and MGMT. *Q* argued that \"The Kids Aren\'t Alright\", by punk rock band the Offspring, \"borrows heavily\" from the song; the magazine pointed to NOFX\'s punk cover of \"Electricity\" as evidence. In its various releases, the track has been ranked among the best of 1979, 1980 and 1981. In May 1980, *ZigZag* readers voted it one of the top 20 singles of the past year. It has since appeared in lists such as *Electronic Sound*{{\'}}s \"100 Greatest Electronic Tracks of All Time\", Radioeins\' \"100 Best Electronic Songs\", *Classic Pop*{{\'}}s \"Top 40 New Romantic Songs\", and Radio X\'s \"20 Best Singles Released on Factory Records\". \"Electricity\" was also featured in the Rough Trade article, \"Liverpool in 20 Songs\".
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# Electricity (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark song)
## \"Electricity\" and \"Almost\" versions {#electricity_and_almost_versions}
There are many different versions of the two songs that were present on OMD\'s debut single. After the band left Factory Records, DinDisc attempted twice to score a hit with \"Electricity\". Consequently, four versions of \"Electricity\" and three of \"Almost\" exist.
Version I
- \"Electricity\" (3:36) and \"Almost\" (3:50) were originally recorded at Cargo Studios, Rochdale and produced by Martin Hannett under the moniker Martin Zero, to be released by Factory Records.
Version II
- The band felt Hannett had overproduced their songs somewhat, so they recorded new versions at Henry\'s Studio, Liverpool. These versions were produced by themselves and band manager Paul Collister under the moniker Chester Valentino.
- A compromise was reached for the versions used on the single. This first Factory single contains the band\'s version of \"Electricity\" (3:44) and the Hannett version of \"Almost\" (3:50).
- Version II of \"Almost\" (3:43) remained unreleased until appearing on the 2001 compilation; *Navigation: The OMD B-Sides*.
Version III
- The album versions of \"Electricity\" (3:39) and \"Almost\" (3:44) differ from the previous versions, and were used for the third and final release of the single. \"Electricity\" was remixed from the original Hannett version. It is also the version used on the 1988 *Best Of* and the 1998 *Singles* collections and is the best-known version of the song. The album version of \"Almost\" is similarly a remix of Hannett\'s version.
Version IV (\"Electricity\" only)
- A fourth mix of \"Electricity\" (3:43) was produced by Mike Howlett. This version of \"Electricity\" was recorded during the *Organisation* sessions when the band decided to extend the instrumental section in the middle of the song. It was initially released on the *Dindisc 1980* compilation album in 1980. In 2003, it was released on CD as a bonus track on the re-issue of *Organisation*.
The Micronauts Remix
- A radical remix by dance music act The Micronauts was released in 1998 both as part of *The OMD Remixes* release and as part of the bonus disc of the special edition *The OMD Singles* (France only).
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# Electricity (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark song)
## Release history {#release_history}
### Singles
The following singles have been released:
Date Catalogue \"Electricity\" \"Almost\" Sleeve Notes
------------------- -------------- ----------------- -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 May 1979 Factory FAC6 Version II Version I Special \'black on black\' sleeve, limited to 5000 copies. OMD\'s first single.
28 September 1979 DinDisc DIN2 Version I Version I Standard white on black printing, with studio details on back of sleeve. The single is re-released to coincide with the band signing to DinDisc.
31 March 1980 DinDisc DIN2 Version III Version III Standard white on black printing, without studio details on back of sleeve. Third attempt at achieving a hit. Peaked at no. 99 on the UK singles chart.
27 September 2019 7748190 Version I Vince Clarke remix Red on white adaptation of the original Peter Saville design. 40th anniversary 7\" clear vinyl re-issue. Debuted at no. 1 on the UK Vinyl Singles Chart.
### Albums
\"Electricity\" and \"Almost\" have been released on the following OMD albums:
Date Album Song Version Notes
------------------- --------------------------------------------- ----------------- ------------- ----------------------------------------------------------
22 February 1980 *Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark* \"Electricity\" Version III
\"Almost\" Version III
12 March 1988 *The Best of OMD* \"Electricity\" Version III
\"Electricity\" music video on the VHS version of the album
28 September 1998 *The OMD Singles* \"Electricity\" Version III
24 April 2000 *Peel Sessions 1979--1983* \"Electricity\" Version II Bonus track, subtitled \"Factory Version 1979\"
14 May 2001 *Navigation: The OMD B-Sides* \"Almost\" Version II Subtitled \"Alternate Version\"
December 2002 *The Id* \"Electricity\" A 1978 recording by The Id, the pre-OMD band.
10 March 2003 *Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark* reissue \"Electricity\" Version III
\"Almost\" Version III
\"Electricity\" Version I Bonus track, subtitled \"Hannett/Cargo Studios Version\"
\"Almost\" Version I Bonus track, subtitled \"Hannett/Cargo Studios Version\"
10 March 2003 *Organisation* reissue \"Electricity\" Version IV Bonus track, subtitled \"Dindisc 1980 Version\"
10 March 2003 *Messages: Greatest Hits* \"Electricity\" Version III
\"Electricity\" music video
## Sleeve design {#sleeve_design}
The sleeve was designed by Factory\'s designer Peter Saville. The band and Saville met in a Rochdale pub and exchanged ideas. Saville told them about a book of avant-garde musical scores which he\'d come across. Andy McCluskey said that he sometimes wrote down the tunes he composed in a similar shorthand. This led to the unusual graphics that feature on the sleeve. Saville suggested to use shiny black ink on black paper. Neither OMD nor Tony Wilson believed it could be done, but Saville persuaded a printer to do the job. The thermographic printing was a success, but the place set on fire three times, so eventually only 5,000 sleeves were printed. The reissue sleeves were standard white on black printed sleeves.
## 2019 re-release {#re_release}
A special edition of the single was released on 27 September 2019 by Virgin EMI, as part of the group\'s 40th anniversary celebrations. The A-side features the Hannett/Cargo Studios version of \"Electricity\", incorrectly listed as the Factory Records version, while the B-side has a new remix of \"Almost\" by Vince Clarke. The limited edition release is pressed on clear vinyl and the sleeve is an adaptation of the original Peter Saville design. This version debuted on the UK Vinyl Singles Chart at no. 1
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# James H. Carson
**James H. Carson** (1821 -- 1853), a Second Sergeant in the US Army, boarded the U.S. Lexington with his regiment and set sail for California in 1846. After passing through Rio de Janeiro and Cape Horn, Carson reached Monterey, California in January 1847. When gold was discovered, many members of the regiment deserted, and eventually Carson did the same. By all accounts, Carson found luck in the mine, and although the exact amount is questionable, he was certainly remembered, as Carson Creek and the hamlet of Carson Hill were named for him. Carson\'s most noted work, *Early Recollections of the Mines* (1852), documents this time in Carson\'s life.
Carson continued to prospect, and even helped organize the Carson-Robinson party in an attempt to prospect unexplored territory.
Shortly thereafter, Carson was struck by rheumatism, and went to Stockton to recuperate. While there, the*\"San Joaquin Republican\"* printed 31 articles of his, forming the three series of *\"Early Recollections of the Mines\", \"Tulare Plain\",*and *\"Life in California\".*
In 1853, Carson ran for, and was elected to State Assembly on the Democratic ticket. Sadly, before he could take office, another bout of rheumatism struck, and Carson died in April 1853.
## Works
- [*Early Recollections of the Mines* (1852)](https://archive.org/details/earlyrecollectio01cars)
- [*Tulare Plains* (1852)](https://archive.org/stream/earlyrecollectio01cars#page/47/mode/1up)
- *Life in California* (1852)
- *James H
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# Rita Chatterton
**Rita Chatterton** (born **Rita Filicoski**; January 22, 1957) is a retired professional wrestling referee.
Appearing as **Rita Marie**, she became the first female referee in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) in 1984. Chatterton accused WWF promoter Vince McMahon of raping her in 1986, her final year with the company. She is a charter member of the International Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Women\'s Wrestling Hall of Fame.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Chatterton was born in Albany, New York on January 22, 1957, and grew up in the nearby town of Mechanicville. She is divorced and has a daughter. Her brother, Christopher, dreamed of being a wrestler before his death in 1979 and inspired her to become involved with the industry. Complications from a collapsed lung prevented her from becoming a wrestler, so she pursued work as a referee. She was trained by Tony Altomare, and became a licensed referee in the state of New York in 1984.
After retiring from wrestling in 1993, Chatterton relocated to Albany. She spent the next few decades working as a youth counselor. She retired in 2018 due to an injury sustained from slipping on ice.
## Professional wrestling career {#professional_wrestling_career}
Billed as Rita Marie, Chatterton became the first female referee to work in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). Chatterton has stated that WWF executives Pat Patterson and Jay Strongbow tried to stop her from officiating her first match, only permitting it after she threatened to sue them and the WWF. Although she went on to work in a women\'s tag team match later that night, Chatterton says Patterson encouraged the wrestlers to injure her so that she would not want to work with the promotion again but the wrestlers refused to comply.
After working some smaller jobs for the promotion, she made her television debut at a Madison Square Garden show in January 1985. She would subsequently become a regular feature for the company during its Rock \'n\' Wrestling Connection era. During this time, she was featured in *WWF Magazine* and *Cosmopolitan*, and was interviewed on *Tuesday Night Titans*. Chatterton states that she left a job at Frito-Lay during this time due to promises of a lucrative future with the WWF.
Chatterton alleges that WWF promoter Vince McMahon raped her in his limousine in July 1986. An attorney for the promotion stated that she had been \"fired for cause\" in 1986, while another source states that she resigned from the company that year. As she remained a licensed referee, the New York State Athletic Commission sent her to work some smaller WWF events after 1986 but she declined to work shows where she knew McMahon would attend. She ultimately decided to step away from wrestling after the death of her close friend André the Giant in 1993. The WWF/WWE was later accused of eliminating her from their history, as they promoted Jessika Carr as being their first female referee after her debut in 2017.
After decades away from wrestling, Chatterton began making appearances and doing interviews in the early 2020s, as she was inducted into the International Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Women\'s Wrestling Hall of Fame. Although she ruled out the possibility of ever working for McMahon again, she is open to participating in wrestling again in the future. She currently serves as a mentor at Leonard Inzitari\'s wrestling school.
In 2025, Chatterton revealed that she had been signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) for a year after being contacted by promoter Tony Khan. However, she stated that she did \"absolutely nothing\" during her time under contract.
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# Rita Chatterton
## Vince McMahon sexual assault allegation {#vince_mcmahon_sexual_assault_allegation}
In 1992, producers working for television personality and journalist Geraldo Rivera reached out to Chatterton regarding the rape allegation against McMahon. She came forward and told her story publicly on two of Rivera\'s shows: *Now It Can Be Told* and *The Geraldo Rivera Show*. According to *New York Magazine*, her allegations did not get much coverage at the time due to the WWF facing other scandals, including allegations of steroid distribution and child sexual abuse allegations involving other WWF officials. McMahon denied the allegation and, along with his wife, Linda, sued Chatterton, Rivera and Rivera\'s producers. The lawsuit was abandoned after he was indicted in the steroid case which ended with his acquittal in 1994.
Her allegation resurfaced in June 2022. While her wrestling career was being profiled by Abraham Riesman for *New York Magazine*, new sexual misconduct allegations from other women were made against McMahon, leading her to speak publicly for the first time since 1992. Wrestler Leonard Inzitari corroborated her story in the piece. That December, Chatterton filed a lawsuit against McMahon, seeking \$11.75 million in damages. McMahon settled it later that month, with his attorney stating that he maintains his innocence but settled to \"avoid the cost of litigation\". People familiar with the matter reported that McMahon agreed to a multimillion-dollar settlement.
In February 2024, *The Wall Street Journal* reported that federal investigators were probing the sexual assault allegations against McMahon and whether payments made to his accusers violated federal law. Chatterton was named in a grand jury subpoena as being one of the women whose claims are being investigated. A year later, it was reported that the investigation had been dropped
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# Biberbach, Bavaria
**Biberbach** is a municipality in the northern part of the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany. A famous baroque pilgrimage church (Holy Cross) is located on the hill above the village.
First mentioned in 1070, the village was part of the Duchy of Swabia. In 1514 the lordship was purchased by Jakob Fugger. Markt castle became the seat of the administration of the Biberbach district of the Fugger county. Later it was owned by the counts and princes Fugger of Babenhausen. In 1806 it became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria.
<File:Burg> Markt Ostansicht 01
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# Dinkelscherben
**Dinkelscherben** (`{{IPA|de|ˈdɪŋkl̩ˌʃɛʁbn̩}}`{=mediawiki}) is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany. Fleinhausen, Anried, Breitenbronn, Ettelried, Grünenbaindt, Häder, Lindach, Oberschöneberg and Ried are villages that make up the municipality of Dinkelscherben.
## Transport
Dinkelscherben is served by the Ulm-Augsburg railway
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# Operation Cascade
**Operation Cascade** was the codename for an Allied military deception operation during the Western Desert Campaign of World War II for North Africa. Operation Cascade was one of the first successful Allied deception operations in World War II, and provided valuable experience for later operations.
In 1942, the British forces in the Mediterranean and Middle East were very weak. To deter the Axis from attacking, a deception operation was planned. This operation was started by \'A\' force under command of Colonel Dudley Clarke in 1941, and in 1942 eventually evolved into *Operation Cascade*. The goal of the operation was to create a false order of battle in order to keep the Axis guessing as to the strength of the Allies in the region, by use of bogus troop formations, radio traffic and double agents.
## Implementation
In 1941, Advanced Headquarters \'A\' Force, the British organization responsible for army deception operations in the Middle East, had already created three bogus formations to deceive the enemy in the Mediterranean Theatre: the 1st SAS Brigade, the 10th Armoured Division in the Western Desert, and the 7th Division to guard Cyprus. This fictional build-up was expanded into a systematic plan to inflate British strength throughout the Middle East. In March 1942, the real strength stood at 5 Armoured and 10 Infantry divisions. *Cascade* intended to increase this strength, for the benefit of enemy intelligence, to 8 Armoured and 21 infantry divisions.
Bogus units had to be created, and actually shipped from their bases in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, India and South Africa. An order of battle had to be drawn up for these units, crests and signs had to be created, and some form of physical presence was needed to convince enemy agents that the units existed. False radio traffic for enemy signals intelligence, and information gathered by civilian informers in Egypt, increased the Axis impression that these units were real and present in the theatre. Most of the civilian agents, however, were double agents controlled by \'A\' force through a network called Cheese.
Enemy documents, captured during and after the battle of El Alamein, showed that *Cascade* was a success. An analysis by \'A\' force, published on 19 November 1942, showed that enemy intelligence overestimated the armoured strength of the British forces by 40%, and infantry strength by 45%.
## Influence
Operation Cascade gave the Allies valuable experience in planning deception operations, which was later used to good effect in the deception operations covering the invasion of Europe (D-Day landings in Normandy, and the invasion of Southern France). The British forces built up during Operation Cascade were later used in Operation Zeppelin to tie down Axis forces in the Balkans and Greece, and deter the Axis from using these forces against the Allied invasion of Sicily, (Operation Husky). In 1944, the actual Allied strength in the Mediterranean totalled about 52 divisions; Axis intelligence accepted a strength of about 70 divisions in the theatre
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# Ellgau
**Ellgau** is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria, Germany
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# Fischach
**Fischach** is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany.
## Geography
Fischach is situated in the \"Naturpark Westliche Wälder\" south of Augsburg. The village has been established where the two rivers, Schmutter and Neufnach gather together.
## Districts
Fischach consists of the following districts:
- Aretsried
- Elmischwang
- Itzlishofen
- Fischach
- Heimberg
- Reitenbuch
- Siegertshofen
- Todtenschläule
- Tronetshofen
- Willmatshofen
- Wollmetshofen
## Culture and Sightseeing {#culture_and_sightseeing}
A Jewish cemetery is situated in Fischach, which has been established 1774 by the former Jewish community. Today, it is occupied by the administration and can be visited after requesting a permission. (Anacdotal---In the summer of 1955, while stationed with the US Army on World War II Occupation Duty in Augsburg, contact was made with the Forestry Service which provided an escort with the key for access to the cemetery and visit to family graves. The escort explained that some wooden furnishings and hearse parts were used as fuel in the bitter winter of 1944 in addition to cutting some of the trees. Regular bombing runs were made on the Augsburg Airfield/Messerschmidt Aircraft factory, 20 miles east of Fischach. The hill towards the rear of the cemetery provided elevation for antiaircraft fire, so such a unit was put into the cemetery. A decorated wooden board Succah used in Fischach in the first quarter of the 20th Century is in the collection of the Museum in Jerusalem. It had been in seasonal use by members of our family and is part of rotating displays of Jewish ceremonial objects at the Museum in Israel). There is also a former synagogue and a Jewish community-house with a school attached to. In 1999, a Jewish monument was raised.
## Economy
German dairy company Müller is headquartered in the district of Aretsried
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# Stansty
**Stansty** (`{{pronunciation|LL-Q9309 (cym)-Jason.nlw-Stansty (Q7600202).wav|Welsh pronunciation|help=no}}`{=mediawiki}) is an area and electoral ward in Wrexham County Borough, Wales, lying to the immediate north-west of the city of Wrexham. It is a former civil parish and township. Stansty is also an electoral ward to Wrexham County Borough Council. The ward population as taken at the 2011 Census was 2,114.
## Geography, name {#geography_name}
Stansty consists of Higher Stansty and Lower Stansty; Higher Stansty lies near to Summerhill and Moss Valley within the community of Gwersyllt and is north of the A483 road. Lower Stansty, or Plas Coch as it is now more commonly referred to, is partly within the neighbouring community of Rhosddu, south of the A483. The division between Higher and Lower Stansty is an ancient one, as Stansty Issa (i.e. Lower Stansty), also called Stansty Abbatis, was originally a part of the manor of Wrexham Abbott belonging to Valle Crucis Abbey.
Along with those of some other places in this area of north-east Wales, the name of Stansty may have an Old English rather than Welsh root, perhaps from *stan* (\"stone\") with another element, possibly *-stig* or *-stigu* (\"path, or \"sty\").
## History
Stansty was one of the original townships of the Lordship of Bromfield and Yale, and was also a township of the ecclesiastical parish of Wrexham. It comprised two townships, Stansty Ucha (Upper Stansty) and Stansty Issa (Lower Stansty) which were merged into one at the time of the Commonwealth. Stansty Issa was given to the Abbot of Valle Crucis Abbey by Gruffydd ap Madoc, Prince of Powys, in 1254.
Part of the township was transferred to the new parish of Gwersyllt in 1851, and other parts were transferred to the parishes of Southsea and Bersham in 1921 and 1934 respectively.
The *civil parish* of Stansty was split in 1935 between Gwersyllt and Wrexham Regis.
### Stansty Park {#stansty_park}
Much of the area was farmland until the 20th century and belonged to an estate called Stansty Park, originally a manor in Stansty Uchaf (Higher Stansty) purchased by David ap Meilir in 1317. One of his descendants, John ap David ap Edward (1573-1635) took the surname of Edwards; the family seat, Plas Issa, was built in 1577. His children included John Edwards (b.1612), court physician to Charles I, and Jonathan Edwards (b.1615), Archdeacon of Derry, while his daughter Margaret married John Jones Maesygarnedd the regicide. John Edwards (1619--73) expanded the Stansty estate, later known as Stansty Park, until it took up most of Stansty township: however his great-great-grandson, Peter Edwards, died without issue in 1783, and the estate, passing to distant relatives, was eventually sold to the ironmaster Richard Thompson.
Thompson built a new house, Stansty Hall, on the site in the 1830s. The late-Georgian hall at Stansty was later threatened by subsidence from coal mining and was largely demolished in the 1920s - a small section being incorporated into a more modern building - while some of the former estate\'s farmland has since been developed for modern housing. However, the park\'s highly elaborate wrought-iron gates, attributed to the Davies brothers of Wrexham, had been rescued and moved to Erddig Hall in 1908.
Though much the estate of Stansty Park has now gone, its name is still used for a modern housing estate near Summerhill and for the ground of Cymru Alliance league football team Lex XI F.C. The name is also applied to the original 1577 house, Plas Issa, which still stands.
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# Stansty
## History
### Plas Coch {#plas_coch}
Another of the area\'s main houses was Plas Coch in Lower Stansty, which was built in the late 16th century in mature hand-made red brick, giving the house its name (Plas Coch translates roughly as \"Red Hall\"). It was a two-storey building: the plan of the dwelling was a typical through passage house with access at either end of the passage. The house was built for Sir William Meredith, one of the sons of Richard Meredith of Allington or Trevalyn (near Rossett) and treasurer and paymaster of the army in the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. Edward Meredith, a brother to William, was recorded in 1610 as trading as draper in Cheapside, London and he had held the lease on Plas Coch from his nephew for a time. Edward Meredith held the office of the High Sheriff of Denbighshire in 1629.
In 1709 the Plas Coch estate was sold by Sir William Meredith of Kent to Sir John Wynn, 1st Baronet of Gwydir Castle, Llanrwst.
Plas Coch played an important part in the social life of the city, hosting the Denbighshire & Flintshire Agricultural Society Show and the Annual Wrexham Lager Festival. The house and outbuildings were demolished in the late 1980s to make way for a large supermarket and retail development. The only part of the original property remaining today is a short length of stone wall at the roadside in front of a branch of The Range. During the construction of the retail development in 1991, a hoard of Roman coins was discovered by workmen: however all of the coins subsequently disappeared. In 1995 further construction work on the site revealed traces of Roman field boundaries, hearths and a corn drying kiln.
## Coal mining era {#coal_mining_era}
The area, like much of Wrexham, has a tradition of coal mining. Rhosddu Colliery, or the Wrexham & Acton Colliery as it was also known, was once reached along Colliery Road (the building of the A483 road has since divided the old colliery site). Colliery Road is still in existence today, but is now surrounded by a residential area
| 358 |
Stansty
| 1 |
10,051,533 |
# Mary Ballou
**Mary Ballou** (1809--1894) was an American memoirist notable for her collection of letters *I Hear the Hogs in My Kitchen.* Written in 1852, they were published in 1962. Ballou\'s writing gave personal insight into the life of an American pioneer. With her husband, Ballou left her New Hampshire home for California, not in search of gold to be mined, but money to be made off those doing the mining. The Ballous ran a lucrative boarding house in Negro Bar, California. Her letters describe the antics of the miners she housed, as well as the unique experience of being a woman during the California Gold Rush. In addition to running a boarding house, she provided many services such as childcare, including nursing, making soap and sewing
| 128 |
Mary Ballou
| 0 |
10,051,534 |
# Gessertshausen
**Gessertshausen** is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany. It lies on the river Schmutter
| 21 |
Gessertshausen
| 0 |
10,051,536 |
# Kallima albofasciata
***Kallima albofasciata***, the **Andaman oakleaf**, is a species of oak leaf butterfly found in the Andaman Islands.
## Description
Males and females upperside blue. Forewing with a broad pure while obliquely-placed discal sinuous band, its inner margin defined in black along the discocellulars and base of interspace 3, with a round black hyaline (glass-like)-centred spot in interspace 2; the width of this discal band decreases posteriorly; measured on the costal margin its outer edge is at a distance greater than half the length of the wing from base; apical area beyond discal band black with a preapical white spot, larger in the female than in the male. Hindwing with the costal margin and apex broadly, and the abdominal fold pale earthy brown. Forewings and hindwings with the usual subterminal dark zigzag line. Underside as in *Kallima inachus*. Antennae black; head, thorax and abdomen dark indigo-blue: beneath, the palpi, thorax and abdomen earthy brown.
Wingspan 96--112 mm
| 159 |
Kallima albofasciata
| 0 |
10,051,543 |
# Graben, Bavaria
**Graben** is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany.
## Transport
The municipality has two railway stations on the Bobingen--Landsberg am Lech line: `{{stn|Lagerlechfeld}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{stn|Graben (Lechfeld) Gewerbepark}}`{=mediawiki}
| 35 |
Graben, Bavaria
| 0 |
10,051,550 |
# Großaitingen
**Großaitingen** is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany. It lies on the Singold and Wertach rivers.
## Notable people {#notable_people}
- Cyrill Kistler (1848-1907), composer, music theoretician, music educator and music publisher
| 39 |
Großaitingen
| 0 |
10,051,553 |
# Horgau
**Horgau** is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany
| 15 |
Horgau
| 0 |
10,051,554 |
# Nineteen (1987 film)
or ***Naintiin*** is a 1987 Japanese science fiction film directed by Kensho Yamashita. It was produced by Toho Company, Limited. This is a teen idol film
| 30 |
Nineteen (1987 film)
| 0 |
10,051,564 |
# Igor Gräzin
**Igor Gräzin** (birth name: *Igor Nikolayevich Gryazin* (born 27 June 1952 in Tartu) is an Estonian academic and politician currently serving as a member of the Tallinn City Council. He is a former member of Riigikogu and former Member of the European Parliament. Currently sitting as an independent city councillor, he was former affiliated with the Reform Party until 2019 and the Centre Party until 2024.
## Academic career {#academic_career}
Grazin began his career as a professor of law at Tartu State University. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union he taught at the University of Notre Dame in the United States until 2000, after that at the University Nord in Tallinn (as the Dean of the Law School and the Vice President). He has also served as a research fellow at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington D.C.
## Political career {#political_career}
Grazin was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union in 1989 as a candidate of the Popular Front of Estonia and served until its dissolution in 1991.
## Political views {#political_views}
Proposed restoring the Estonian maritime border to where it was before 1993, allowing Estonian access to the Nord Stream 1 gas pipeline.
He opposed the decision to sentence Saddam Hussein to death without a jury.
An Eurosceptic, he was a dissenting voice in the strongly pro-EU Reform Party. He was the only member of Riigikogu to vote against ratifying the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe.
He supports abolishing the Estonian presidency and implementing a bicameral legislature with 80 members in the lower house and 40 in the upper house.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
He is functionally trilingual in Estonian, English, and Russian
| 282 |
Igor Gräzin
| 0 |
10,051,565 |
# Kutzenhausen, Bavaria
**Kutzenhausen** is a municipality in Augsburg district, Bavaria in Germany.
## Twin towns {#twin_towns}
- Kutzenhausen, Bas-Rhin since 1987
| 22 |
Kutzenhausen, Bavaria
| 0 |
10,051,575 |
# Chester Wilmot
**Reginald William Winchester Wilmot** (21 June 1911 -- 10 January 1954) was an Australian war correspondent who reported for the BBC and the ABC during the Second World War. After the war he continued to work as a broadcast reporter, and wrote a well-appreciated book about the liberation of Europe. He was killed in the crash of a BOAC Comet over the Elba island.
## Early life {#early_life}
Wilmot was born in Brighton, a suburb of Melbourne; he was the son of Reginald Wilmot, a sports journalist, and grandson of surveyor JGW Wilmot. He attended Melbourne Grammar School which he captained in 1930. He then took an arts degree at the University of Melbourne, majoring in history and politics under Sir Ernest Scott (BA 1935), followed by a law degree (LLB 1936). He resided at Trinity College and represented the university in debating in 1932--33 and 1935. He established a friendly rivalry with Alan Moorehead. As a president of the Students\' Representative Council in 1936, he supported the vice-chancellor Raymond Priestley and was instrumental in the formation of the National Union of Australian University Students. He was invited to address the Australian Broadcasting Commission. In September 1938, during the Munich crisis, he visited Berlin, Nuremberg and Vienna in Nazi Germany on an international tour with the University of Melbourne\'s debating team, and attended a Nuremberg Rally. He began to work as an articled law clerk at the insistence of his family in February 1939.
## War reporter {#war_reporter}
After a brief legal career of a few months, the outbreak of the Second World War led Wilmot to join the Australian Broadcasting Commission. He was sent to the Middle East in September 1940 and reported from North Africa, Greece and Syria, pioneering broadcast interviews; he was in Tobruk during the siege of 1941. When Japan entered the war, Wilmot returned to Australia, then went out to cover the war in the Pacific. He reported from Papua during the Japanese invasion in 1942, including the Kokoda Track campaign, where he walked up to the forward area, around Abuari and Isurava, with fellow war correspondent Osmar White and cinematographer Damien Parer. Wilmot regarded General Sir Thomas Blamey as incompetent and protested at his sacking of Lieutenant General Sydney Rowell.
Blamey cancelled Wilmot\'s accreditation as a war correspondent in October 1942 for spreading a false rumour that Blamey was taking payments from the laundry contractor at Puckapunyal.`{{fact|date=October 2022}}`{=mediawiki} Wilmot was reinstated, but on 1 November 1942, Blamey again terminated Wilmot\'s accreditation, this time for good.
## BBC work {#bbc_work}
There Wilmot wrote a book about his experiences in Tobruk, and narrated a documentary film called *Sons of the ANZACs*. In 1944 Wilmot transferred to the BBC where he was one of the principal reporters for D-Day, flying in a glider with the 6th Airborne Division. He was present at and reported from the field for most of the actions during the liberation of Europe. In October 1944, he entered the Herzogenbusch concentration camp in the Netherlands with the British Second Army and reported on it for the BBC, which removed his account of Frits Philips\'s assistance to fellow Jewish inmates. He also covered the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in April 1945. When the German high command surrendered, Wilmot was present to report on it.
## Military historian {#military_historian}
After the end of the war Wilmot remained in England, where he wrote articles on the recent war as well as a book about World War II, *The Struggle for Europe*. He conducted interviews for it with ex-Nazi military commanders, such as Hans Speidel and Günther Blumentritt, who were now involved in the development of the *Bundeswehr*. When it appeared in 1952, the book was favourably reviewed, and it is well regarded by military historians (John Keegan wrote, \"Wilmot effectively invented the modern method of writing contemporary military history\"). One of his articles criticizing the Allied plan to occupy Germany appeared in *Life* magazine.
Wilmot was selected to write a volume on the Siege of Tobruk and Battle of El Alamein for the Australian official history of the war, but was killed in the Comet crash; see Australia in the War of 1939--1945.
| 699 |
Chester Wilmot
| 0 |
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# Chester Wilmot
## Broadcaster
Wilmot was part of the television commentary team for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. For Christmas 1953, Wilmot was sent by the BBC to Australia to participate in a round-the-world broadcast on Christmas Day, where he narrated *The Queen\'s Journey*, telling the story of recent royal visits. The Queen herself was in New Zealand for Christmas.
## Death
Wilmot was en route back to Britain from that assignment on BOAC Flight 781 when his plane, a Comet 1, broke up following explosive decompression over the Mediterranean Sea; all aboard were killed. He had first boarded the flight in Rangoon.
## Books
- *Tobruk 1941, Capture - Siege - Relief*, Angus & Robertson Ltd, 1945.
- *The Struggle For Europe* (written in part by Christopher Daniel McDevitt), 1952. Reissue: Wordsworth Editions Ltd, Ware, Hertfordshire, 1997. `{{ISBN|1-85326-677-9}}`{=mediawiki}
| 141 |
Chester Wilmot
| 1 |
10,051,580 |
# Langenneufnach
**Langenneufnach** is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany
| 15 |
Langenneufnach
| 0 |
10,051,583 |
# Mickhausen
**Mickhausen** is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany
| 15 |
Mickhausen
| 0 |
10,051,590 |
# MacArthur (1977 film)
***MacArthur*** is a 1977 American biographical war film directed by Joseph Sargent and starring Gregory Peck in the eponymous role as American General of the Army Douglas MacArthur.
## Plot
The film portrays MacArthur\'s (Gregory Peck) life from 1942, before the Battle of Bataan in World War II, to 1952, after he had been removed from his Korean War command by President Harry Truman (Ed Flanders) for insubordination. It is recounted in flashback as MacArthur visits West Point in 1962.
## Cast
- Gregory Peck as General of the Army Douglas MacArthur
- Ed Flanders as President Harry S. Truman
- Dan O\'Herlihy as President Franklin D. Roosevelt
- Ivan Bonar as Lieutenant General Richard K. Sutherland
- Ward Costello as General of the Army George C. Marshall
- Nicolas Coster as Colonel Sidney Huff
- Marj Dusay as Mrs. Jean MacArthur
- Art Fleming as W. Averell Harriman
- Russell Johnson as Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King
- Sandy Kenyon as Lieutenant General Jonathan M. Wainwright
- Robert Mandan as Representative Joseph W. Martin
- Allan Miller as Colonel LeGrande A. Diller
- Dick O\'Neill as Major General Courtney Whitney
- G. D. Spradlin as Major General Robert L. Eichelberger
- Addison Powell as Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz
- Kenneth Tobey as Fleet Admiral William F. \"Bull\" Halsey
- Charles Cyphers as Brigadier General Edwin F. Harding
- Garry Walberg as Lieutenant General Walton Walker
- James Shigeta (*deleted scenes*) as General Tomoyuki Yamashita
## Production
Gregory Peck said, \"I admit that I was not terribly happy with the script they gave me, or with the production they gave me which was mostly on the back lot of Universal. I thought they shortchanged the production.\" Parts of the film were shot at the beach near Camp Pendleton in San Diego County, California, and at San Diego\'s main passenger rail station, known locally as the Santa Fe Depot.
## Historical inaccuracies {#historical_inaccuracies}
- In a meeting in Pearl Harbor between President Roosevelt, Admiral Nimitz, and MacArthur to discuss East Asian strategy, MacArthur points to Lingayen Gulf in Western Luzon, calling it Leyte Gulf and referring to it as the site of his re-entry to the Philippines. The Battle of Leyte Gulf and the Battle of Leyte, which included MacArthur\'s first return to Philippine soil on 20 October 1944, were in the Visayas, in Central Philippines. The Invasion of Lingayen Gulf, with MacArthur making a similarly dramatic landing in the main island of Luzon, occurred on 9 January 1945.
- On the ship\'s stateroom wall of the Roosevelt, Nimitz, and MacArthur meeting on Pearl Harbor is a painting of the `{{Sclass|Baltimore|heavy cruiser}}`{=mediawiki} `{{USS|Los Angeles|CA-135|6}}`{=mediawiki}. However, it was commissioned only on 22 July 1945 and so was not used for World War II. However, it won five battle stars during the Korean War.
- The uniform of the Soviet Lieutenant General Kuzma N. Derevyanko is erroneously presented with the shoulder boards of a Soviet senior lieutenant instead of a lieutenant general.
- The Japanese surrender of World War II scene aboard `{{USS|Missouri|BB-63}}`{=mediawiki} shows the battleship\'s 40 mm quad guns covered (mothballed) during the movie.
- When MacArthur and his aides are planning the U.N. landing at Inchon in 1950, they review a map of the Korean peninsula which shows the current armistice line dividing the two Koreas. That line was not established until 1953. Their map should have been showing the original line at the 38th parallel.
## Reception
*MacArthur* received mixed reviews, it currently holds a 45% rating on Rotten Tomatoes from 11 critics.
The film is recognized by American Film Institute in the following lists:
- 2003: AFI\'s 100 Years\..
| 615 |
MacArthur (1977 film)
| 0 |
10,051,595 |
# John Asher Dunn
**John Asher Dunn** (June 19, 1939 -- July 4, 2017) was an American linguist who created the first academic dictionary and grammar of the Tsimshian language, an American Indian language of northwestern British Columbia and southeast Alaska.
In 1968, Dunn and his wife Luceen began fieldwork on the Tsimshian language in Kitkatla, British Columbia and Prince Rupert, B.C., under the supervision of the linguist Bruce J. Rigsby. He did follow-up fieldwork in Prince Rupert in 1971, in Metlakatla, Alaska, in 1972, and in Hartley Bay, B.C., in 1974, 1975, 1976, and 1978. This work involved designing the first modern, practical orthography for the language.
He published his dictionary and grammar of the Tsimshian language (now known as Sm\'algyax) in 1978 and 1979 respectively. They were reissued in a single volume in 1995 by the Sealaska Heritage Foundation.
In the early 1990s he participated with Susan Marsden, Marie-Lucie Tarpent, Vonnie Hutchingson, and several Tsimshian language instructors in devising an updated Sm\'algyax orthography in conjunction with producing the *Teachings of Our Grandfathers* book series for School District no. 52 of Prince Rupert, British Columbia.
He was a retired professor of linguistics at the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma.
He was also the main proponent of the theory that the Tsimshianic languages (Sm\'algyax and the Gitksan and Nisga\'a languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family
| 229 |
John Asher Dunn
| 0 |
10,051,598 |
# Oberottmarshausen
**Oberottmarshausen** is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany.
## Transport
The municipality has a railway station, `{{stn|Oberottmarshausen}}`{=mediawiki}, on the Bobingen--Landsberg am Lech line
| 30 |
Oberottmarshausen
| 0 |
10,051,604 |
# Untermeitingen
**Untermeitingen** is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany.
## Geography
Untermeitingen is found in the district of Augsburg Untermeitingen which is located in the Lechfeld plain on the left bank of the Lech, 27 km south of Augsburg. The town, located on the border with the district of Landsberg am Lech, forms the administrative area of Lechfeld with the area Klosterlechfeld. Two municipalities together contained 8,795 inhabitants in 2006 over an area of 18 38 km ².
Surrounding communities (starting from the north and in the direction of clockwise): Graben, Scheuring, Obermeitingen, Langerringen and Schwabmünchen.
## History
From the tenth century, the village belonged to the bishopric of Augsburg. In 1803, Untermeitingen became part of the new Kingdom of Bavaria. In 1818, it was built as a town and became part of the borough of Schwabmünchen until the latter\'s death in 1972.
The neighborhood of Lagerlechfeld exists since the nineteenth century as a large military establishment. By 1870, it housed a prison camp, then various railway buildings were built, plus a military hospital in 1899. In 1934, an air base was installed. During the Second World War it served as a base for tests for Messerschmitt Augsburg factories. The base was bombed in 1945. Since 1956, this is a facility of the Bundeswehr
| 220 |
Untermeitingen
| 0 |
10,051,609 |
# Wehringen
**Wehringen** is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany it is located 15 km south of Augsburg
| 23 |
Wehringen
| 0 |
10,051,618 |
# Westendorf (Schmutter)
**Westendorf** is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany. It lies on the river Schmutter
| 22 |
Westendorf (Schmutter)
| 0 |
10,051,646 |
# Jalan Wang Kelian
**Jalan Wang Kelian**, **Federal Route 226** (formerly Perlis State Route R15), is a federal road in Perlis, Malaysia. It is also a main route to Wang Prachan and Satun, Thailand via Wang Prachan Road (National highway 4184). Jalan Wang Kelian is notorious for its narrow and dangerous sharp corners. The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 226 starts at the Malaysia-Thailand border near Wang Kelian Checkpoint, Perlis.
In 2008, the road was gazetted as the federal roads by JKR as Federal Route 226.
## Features
At most sections, the Federal Route 226 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.
## List of junctions {#list_of_junctions}
+------------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| Km | Exit | Junctions | To | Remarks |
+==========================================+======+=============================+===================================================================================================================================================================+=============+
| | | Jalan Titi Tinggi-Tasoh | **East**\ | T-junctions |
| | | | `{{JKR|265}}`{=mediawiki} Titi Tinggi\ | |
| | | | `{{JKR|7}}`{=mediawiki} Padang Besar\ | |
| | | | `{{JKR|7}}`{=mediawiki} Kangar\ | |
| | | | `{{JKR|7}}`{=mediawiki} Arau\ | |
| | | | \ | |
| | | | **South**\ | |
| | | | `{{JKR|265}}`{=mediawiki} Wang Mu\ | |
| | | | `{{JKR|265}}`{=mediawiki} Tasoh | |
+------------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| | | **Kaki Bukit** | **West**\ | T-junctions |
| | | | `{{JKR(R)|13}}`{=mediawiki} **Jalan Gua Kelam**\ | |
| | | | Gua Kelam | |
+------------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| | | Green Earth | | |
+------------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| | | Perlis State Park | | |
+------------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| **Anti-Smuggling Unit (UPP) checkpoint** | | | | |
+------------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| | | Perlis State Park | | |
+------------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| | | **Wang Kelian** | **Wang Kelian**\ | |
| | | | Duty-free shops\ | |
| | | | Market\ | |
| | | | `{{Parking signs}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Food court sign}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Toilet sign}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Surau sign}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Information centre}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+------------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| **Wang Kelian Checkpoint** | | | | |
+------------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| \ | | **Wang Kelian Checkpoint** | | |
| **0** | | | | |
+------------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| **Malaysia\ | | | | |
| \ | | | | |
| ڤرليس ايندرا كايڠن\ | | | | |
| Perlis Indera Kayangan** | | | | |
+------------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| ASEAN **Malaysia-Thailand Border** | | | | |
+------------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| **ประเทศไทย\ | | | | |
| Thailand\ | | | | |
| \ | | | | |
| จังหวัดสตูล\ | | | | |
| Satun Province\ | | | | |
| ชายแดนอำเภอควนโดน\ | | | | |
| Khuan Don district border** | | | | |
+------------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| Route 4184\ | | **Wang Prachan Checkpoint** | | |
| **21
| 458 |
Jalan Wang Kelian
| 0 |
10,051,648 |
# Bad Bocklet
**Bad Bocklet** (`{{IPA|de|baːt ˈbɔkleːt}}`{=mediawiki}) is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany. It is a market town and a health spa.
## Geography
Bad Bocklet lies in a bend in the river Fränkische Saale in Franconia about 10 km north of the district capital Bad Kissingen. On the northside, the municipality borders on the district of Rhön-Grabfeld.
## Divisions of the municipality {#divisions_of_the_municipality}
The municipality is divided into the following towns:
- Bad Bocklet
- Aschach
- Großenbrach
- Hohn
- Nickersfelden
- Steinach an der Saale
- Roth an der Saale
## History
Bocklet is first documented in 1122 in the records of the monastery at Aura an der Saale.
With secularization of the government in 1803, the territory of the present municipality became part of Bavaria. In the Treaty of Pressburg between France and Austria in 1805, the lands of the Bishop of Würzburg were given to Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and he was made Grand Duke of Würzburg, a new state, as a reward for his support of Napoleon. These lands then again became part of Bavaria in 1814 (this time permanently) at the defeat of Napoleon.
In 1937, the town was officially renamed Bad Bocklet.
In 1972, the towns of Aschach bei Bad Kissingen and Großenbrach became part of the municipality, followed in 1978 by Steinach an der Saale.
## Government
The *Marktgemeinderat* (municipal council) of Bad Bocklet has 17 members, including the mayor. Of those members, 10 were CSU, 3 SPD / Independent Citizens (UB), and 4 Christian Electoral Community as of 2002.
## Sightseeing
The spa of the Bishop of Würzburg, which was built in the 18th century is the most notable architectural attraction. It has a very extensive garden.
An annual *Straßenfest* (street fair) takes place in May.
**Steinach an der Saale** The St. Nikolaus church in `{{Interlanguage link multi|Steinach an der Saale|de}}`{=mediawiki} has a crucifix by Tilman Riemenschneider.
The ruins of Steineck castle are on a hill between Steinach and Hohn. In town, there are both an old and a new palace. The *Bergkapelle* and the Jewish cemetery are worth a visit.
**Aschach**
*Schloss Aschach* is now the home of the Graf Luxburg Museum.
**Hohn**
Hohn has many old half-timbered houses.
**Roth an der Saale**
Ruppels mill is an old water-driven mill
| 390 |
Bad Bocklet
| 0 |
10,051,656 |
# Burkardroth
**Burkardroth** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany.
## Geography
Burkardroth lies on the south boundary of the biosphere reserve Rhön about 14 km northwest of the district capital of Bad Kissingen. On the north, it borders on the district of Rhön-Grabfeld.
## Divisions of the municipality {#divisions_of_the_municipality}
There are 12 towns in the municipality:
- Burkardroth
- Frauenroth
- Gefäll
- Katzenbach
- Lauter
- Oehrberg
- Premich
- Stangenroth
- Stralsbach
- Waldfenster
- Wollbach
- Zahlbach
## History
The present municipality (*Marktgemeinde*) was created in 1972.
## Sister cities {#sister_cities}
- Ense, district of Soest, North Rhine-Westphalia
## Sightseeing
The most important architectural monuments are the church of St. Peter, which dates from the 17th century, and the chapel of the former Cistercian monastery of Frauenroth
| 137 |
Burkardroth
| 0 |
10,051,663 |
# Elfershausen
**Elfershausen** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany.
Elfershausen is a market town (*Markt*) or municipality that includes the following towns:
- Elfershausen
- Engenthal
- Langendorf
- Machtilshausen
- Trimberg
## History
*Adalfrideshusen* is first documented in 800 in the records of the monastery at Fulda.
With secularization of the government in 1803, the territory of the present municipality became part of Bavaria. In the Treaty of Pressburg between France and Austria in 1805, the lands of the Bishop of Würzburg were given to Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and he was made Grand Duke of Würzburg, a new state, as a reward for his support of Napoleon. These lands then again became part of Bavaria in 1814 (this time permanently) at the defeat of Napoleon.
In 1971, Trimberg, Engenthal, and Machtilshausen were added to the municipality, followed by Langendorf in 1978.
## Population
------ ------------
Year Population
1970 2818
1987 2877
2000 3033
------ ------------
## Sightseeing
The Trimburg and the palace of Elfershausen are the most important architectural monuments.
## Economy
In 1998, there were 572 local businesses, of which 5 were in construction.
In 1999, there were 71 agricultural businesses in the municipality, with an area of 1430 hectares under cultivation, 1186 ha in fields and 229 ha in pasture.
## Transportation
Elfershausen-Trimberg is served by the Franconian *Saaletalbahn*, which runs modern diesel cars from the Erfurter Bahn (*UnterfrankenShuttle*). Every half-hour, there is a DBB train to and from Hammelburg
| 253 |
Elfershausen
| 0 |
10,051,670 |
# Euerdorf
**Euerdorf** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria, Germany.
## Geography
Euerdorf lies in the Main-Rhön region at the confluence of Sulzbach and the Franconian Saale.
## Divisions of the municipality {#divisions_of_the_municipality}
The municipality is divided into the following towns:
- Euerdorf
- Wirmsthal
## History
With secularization of the government in 1803, the territory of the present municipality became part of Bavaria. In the Treaty of Pressburg between France and Austria in 1805, the lands of the Bishop of Würzburg were given to Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and he was made Grand Duke of Würzburg, a new state, as a reward for his support of Napoleon. These lands then again became part of Bavaria in 1814 (this time permanently) at the defeat of Napoleon.
## Population
------ ------------
Year Population
1970 1543
1987 1553
2000 1724
2005 1617
------ ------------
## Government
The municipal council has 13 members, including the mayor. Of these members, in 2002, 6 were CSU, 4 were independent, and 3 were *Bürgerblock*.
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
In silver on a green frame, two grapevines with red stakes, each with two gold clusters of grapes and two green leaves.
## Economy
In 1998, Euerdorf had 12 agricultural businesses, 175 manufacturers, and 174 commercial establishments.
In 1999, 577 ha of land were in agricultural use, 501 ha in fields and 67 ha in pasture.
## Transportation
Euerdorf has a train station on the Franconian *Saaletalbahn* that runs from Gemünden am Main to Bad Kissingen. Shuttles run every hour to Schweinfurt, and on workdays two trains of the Deutsche Bahn run daily to Würzburg.
## Important People {#important_people}
Martin Herold, a young lad who grew up in Euerdorf, is a successful researcher in theoretical computer science. Details of his work can be found [here](https://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/departments/algorithms-complexity/people/current-members/martin-herold)
| 305 |
Euerdorf
| 0 |
10,051,675 |
# Fuchsstadt
**Fuchsstadt** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany.
## Geography
Fuchsstadt lies in the valley of the Franconian Saale, surrounded by the foothills of the Bavarian Rhön Mountains.
From the Kohlenberg chapel, you have a view of the town, the Saale valley, Saaleck Castle, Hammelburg and its vineyards, as well as the antennas of the satellite communications company Intelsat on the Sodenberg.
## History
With secularization of the government in 1803, the territory of the present municipality became part of Bavaria. In the Treaty of Pressburg between France and Austria in 1805, the lands of the Bishop of Würzburg were seized and given to Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and he was made Grand Duke of Würzburg, a new state, as a reward for his support of Napoleon. These lands then again became part of Bavaria in 1814 (this time permanently) at the defeat of Napoleon.
## Population
------ ------------
Year Population
1970 1339
1987 1446
2005 1851
------ ------------
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
Against a background of red and silver bars, a red and gold fox.
## Economy
The largest business in the area is the radio transmission station of Intelsat. It has two 32-meter class A antennas, and is a hallmark of the town.
In 1998, there were 238 local businesses. In 1999, there were 29 agricultural businesses and 272 ha under cultivation, of which 223 ha were fields, and 44 ha pasture.
## Transportation
Fuchsstadt is easily reached from *Autobahn* 7 via Federal Highway 287. It can also be reached from Hammelburg on the *Saaletalbahn*.
## Sightseeing
Local attractions include the Trimburg, the palace of Saaleck, and the ruins of Botenlauben
| 284 |
Fuchsstadt
| 0 |
10,051,683 |
# Geroda, Lower Franconia
**Geroda** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany.
Geroda is located in the nature park Bayerische Rhön, in the Thulba valley, on the southern side of the so-called *Schwarze Berge* (\"black mountains\").
## Demographics
The municipality is home to the towns Geroda and Platz. The population of Geroda is 798 as of 2021,with a density of 1 person per 48 km.
## History
The name *Geroda* comes from the Middle High German *Ger*, meaning *speer*, and *Rod* (modern German *Rodung*) and describes a wedge-shaped clearing.
The first church in the area was built in the 12th century. The town was divided between the Bishop of Fulda and the Bibra family. Because it lay on a major commercial route, it was repeatedly plundered during the Thirty Years\' War.
## Government
The municipal council has 13 members, including the mayor. Of those members, 10 belonged to the *Freie Wählergemeinschaft*, and 3 were independent as of 2002.
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
At the bottom, a black Templar\'s cross on a silver background, in the upper left, three blue rings on a diagonal silver bar against a blue background, and in the upper right, a curved silver fish on a red background
| 209 |
Geroda, Lower Franconia
| 0 |
10,051,691 |
# Maßbach
**Maßbach** is a market town and municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany.
## Geography
Maßbach lies between the biosphere reserve of the Bavarian Rhön Mountains and Haßberge.
## Neighboring municipalities {#neighboring_municipalities}
- Münnerstadt
- Thundorf
- Üchtelhausen in the district of Schweinfurt
- Rannungen
## Divisions of the municipality {#divisions_of_the_municipality}
The following towns belong to the municipality:
- Maßbach
- Rannungen
- Thundorf (including the Theinfeld und Rothhausen)
Maßbach includes the following villages:
- Poppenlauer
- Volkershausen
- Weichtungen
## History
The town was first documented in 770. Beginning in the mid-19th century many residents of Massbach and the surrounding area emigrated to the United States and settled in Jo Daviess County, Illinois. They named their settlement in Derinda Township \"Massbach\" after their home village.
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
A red and silver shield divided into alternating stripes emanating from a point at the top.
## Sister cities {#sister_cities}
- Bretteville-sur-Laize, near Caen `{{FRA}}`{=mediawiki}
## Culture
The Fränkisches Theater Schloss Maßbach is a private theater which presents an ambitious program. The Heimatmuseum is housed in the palace in Maßbach-Poppenlauer
## Transport
There is public bus service to Schweinfurt, Bad Kissingen, and Bad Neustadt. The nearest train station is in Münnerstadt on the Schweinfurt-Erfurt line. The municipality has its own exit from the *Autobahn* A71
| 222 |
Maßbach
| 0 |
10,051,692 |
# Fervent Records
**Fervent Records** is a contemporary Christian music record label based in Nashville, Tennessee. Fervent was bought by Word Records in 2005
| 24 |
Fervent Records
| 0 |
10,051,706 |
# Motten
**Motten** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany.
## Geography
### Subdivisions
The municipality consists of the following *Ortsteile*:
- Kothen
- Motten
- Speicherz
## History
Motten originally belonged to the Bishop of Fulda, and was secularized in 1803 and given to Archduke Ferdinand of Orange. In 1806, it became part of the Province of Fulde in France. In the Congress of Vienna in 1815, it was given to Austria. Since the Treaty of Munich of 1816, it has belonged to Bavaria.
On the evening of 22 October 2005, a tornado destroyed parts of the industrial district.
## Demographics
------ ------------
Year Population
1961 1491
1970 1617
1987 1641
1991 1741
1995 1961
2000 1946
2002 1946
2005 1935
2010 1794
2015 1771
------ ------------
## Economy
Motten has had a brewery since the 16th century.
In 1998, there were 242 businesses in the municipality. In 1999, there were 54 agricultural businesses, with 837 ha under cultivation, 227 ha in fields, and 606 ha in pasture.
## Governance
### Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
A black Templar\'s cross on a diagonal silver band, with a crown above and a gold thistle blossom below on a black background
| 205 |
Motten
| 0 |
10,051,708 |
# Otto Gutfreund
**Otto Gutfreund** (3 August 1889 -- 2 June 1927) also written Oto Gutfreund, was a Czechoslovak sculptor. After studying art in Prague and Paris, he became known in the 1910s for his sculptures in a cubist style. After his service in the First World War he worked in a more realistic style. His later work includes many small polychrome ceramic figures as well as architectural decorations.
## Early life {#early_life}
Otto Gutfreund was born in the town of Dvůr Králové nad Labem, Bohemia, into a Jewish family as the fourth of five children of Karel and Emilie Gutfreund. During 1903 to 1906 he studied pottery at the Škola výtvarných umění (School of Creative Arts) in the town of Bechyně. From 1906 to 1909 he studied in the figurative and ornamental modelling department of the Umělecko-průmyslová škola (College of Decorative Arts) in Prague.
Gutfreund discovered the works of the French sculptor Antoine Bourdelle during his 1909 exhibition in Prague organized by the artistic group SVU Mánes. Gutfreund then moved to Paris where he studied under Bourdelle at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière from 1909 to 1910.
In Paris he met Auguste Rodin and discovered medieval art. In 1910 he left Paris and travelled to Great Britain, Belgium, and Germany before returning to Prague.
## Prague
In 1912 Gutfreund became a member of Skupina výtvarných umělců (Group of Creative Artists) in Prague and exhibited there his first cubo-expressionist sculpture *Úzkost* (*Anxiety*). The next year he participated in the second exhibition of the Group and showed his works *Hamlet*, *Harmony* and *Concert*. Between 1913 and 1914 he used the principles of analytical cubism in his work. In the third exhibition Gutfreund displayed the cubo-expressionist works *Viki* and *Head with a Hat*. He exhibited at Der Sturm gallery in Berlin and at the fourth Group exhibition in Prague. In 1914 he travelled to Paris where he met Pablo Picasso, Juan Gris, Guillaume Apollinaire and Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler.
## World War One {#world_war_one}
At the declaration of the First World War Gutfreund was in Paris and decided to join the French Foreign Legion. He participated at the fighting on the Somme, at L\'Artois and Champagne. In 1915 he applied to join the French Army and the following year had been imprisoned after his application was refused both for the French Army and the Czechoslovak Legion. He spent two years in a prison camp at Saint-Michel de Frigolet Abbey near Avignon. In 1918 he was moved to a civilian camp at Blanzy and after his release he settled in Paris to continue his work. For a short time he returned to Prague to accept a membership of the artistic group SVU Mánes.
## 1920s and death {#s_and_death}
In 1920 Gutfreund moved permanently to Czechoslovakia and lived in Prague and his birthplace town Dvůr Králové nad Labem. His works of the 1920s are generally realistic in form, and exemplify the postwar \"return to order\" in the arts. He executed many small works in polychrome ceramic, such as the *Textile Worker* (1921) in the National Gallery in Prague. In 1921 he participated at the third exhibition of the `{{Interlanguage link multi|Tvrdošíjní|cs}}`{=mediawiki} group of artists in Prague, Brno and Košice. In 1924 he exhibited at the Exhibition of Modern Czechoslovak Art in Paris and in 1925 in the Czechoslovak Pavilion of International Decorative Arts Exhibition in Paris. The following year Gutfreund was made a professor of architectural sculpture at the Umělecko-průmyslová škola (College of Decorative Arts) in Prague and took part in the Société Anonyme exhibition in New York City.
On 2 June 1927 Gutfreund, at the height of his artistic powers, drowned in the river Vltava in Prague. He was buried in Vinohrady Cemetery.
## Legacy
Jiří Kotalík, Director of the National Gallery in Prague, wrote in 1979: `{{quote|Otto Gutfreund is one of the few Czech artists whose work is of significance not only in his home setting but internationally. He was greatly conscious of the contemporary problems in European sculpture at a decisive stage of development, and he made an original contribution towards their solution
| 681 |
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| 0 |
10,051,711 |
# Nüdlingen
**Nüdlingen** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany.
## Divisions of the municipality {#divisions_of_the_municipality}
The municipality is divided into the following towns:
- Haard
- Nüdlingen
## History
Nüdlingen was first mentioned in 772 in the records of the monastery at Fulda.
With secularization of the government in 1803, the territory of the present municipality became part of Bavaria. In the Treaty of Pressburg between France and Austria in 1805, the lands of the Bishop of Würzburg were given to Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and he was made Grand Duke of Würzburg, a new state, as a reward for his support of Napoleon. These lands then again became part of Bavaria in 1814 (this time permanently) at the defeat of Napoleon.
## Population
------ ------------
Year Population
1970 3570
1987 3520
2000 4210
2005 4257
------ ------------
## Economy
In 1998, there were 392 businesses in the municipality. In 1999, there were 39 agricultural businesses, with 1451 ha under cultivation, 1284 ha in fields, and 163 ha in pasture
| 179 |
Nüdlingen
| 0 |
10,051,720 |
# Oberleichtersbach
**Oberleichtersbach** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany.
## Divisions of the municipality {#divisions_of_the_municipality}
The municipality includes the following towns:
- Oberleichtersbach
- Unterleichtersbach
- Modlos
- Breitenbach
- Mitgenfeld
## History
In 1803 the Bishopric of Fulda, of which Oberleichtersbach was a part, was secularized and given to Willem Frederik, Prince of Orange-Nassau. In 1806, after his defeat at the Battle of Jena--Auerstedt, the Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda was absorbed into France and its vassal state Grand Duchy of Frankfurt. In the Congress of Vienna in 1815, it was given to Bavaria.
## Population
------ ------------
Year Population
1970 1653
1987 1787
2000 2046
2005 2114
------ ------------
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
Quartered with 1 and 4 in silver with a cross; 2 and 3 divided diagonally gold and red.
## Economy
In 1998, there were 428 businesses in the municipality. In 1999, there were 84 agricultural businesses, with 2091 ha under cultivation, 788 ha in fields, and 1296 ha in pasture
| 171 |
Oberleichtersbach
| 0 |
10,051,726 |
# Oberthulba
**Oberthulba** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany.
## Divisions of the municipality {#divisions_of_the_municipality}
- Oberthulba
- Frankenbrunn
- Hassenbach
- Hetzlos
- Reith
- Schlimpfhof
- Thulba
- Wittershausen
## History
With secularization of the government in 1803, the territory of the present municipality became part of Bavaria. In the Treaty of Pressburg between France and Austria in 1805, the lands of the Bishop of Würzburg were given to Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and he was made Grand Duke of Würzburg, a new state, as a reward for his support of Napoleon. These lands then again became part of Bavaria in 1814 (this time permanently) at the defeat of Napoleon.
## Population
------ ------------
Year Population
1970 3717
1987 4261
2000 5121
2005 5177
------ ------------
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
The upper half is red, and the lower half has three white peaks with a blue band of waves. On the left is a silver bishop\'s staff, and on the right a gold St. John\'s cross.
## Economy
In 1998, there were 545 businesses in the municipality. In 1999, there were 108 agricultural businesses, with 2424 ha under cultivation, 1523 ha in fields, and 887 ha in pasture
| 210 |
Oberthulba
| 0 |
10,051,728 |
# Oerlenbach
**Oerlenbach** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany
| 16 |
Oerlenbach
| 0 |
10,051,730 |
# Ramsthal
**Ramsthal** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany
| 16 |
Ramsthal
| 0 |
10,051,737 |
# Rannungen
**Rannungen** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany
| 16 |
Rannungen
| 0 |
10,051,745 |
# Riedenberg
**Riedenberg** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany
| 16 |
Riedenberg
| 0 |
10,051,749 |
# Schondra
**Schondra** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany
| 16 |
Schondra
| 0 |
10,051,756 |
# Sulzthal
**Sulzthal** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany
| 16 |
Sulzthal
| 0 |
10,051,757 |
# Reagan Noble
**Reagan Noble** (born 22 July 1983 in Johannesburg, Gauteng) is a South African footballer, who currently plays for University of Pretoria F.C.
## Career
The midfielder played previously for Wits University, Mamelodi Sundowns, Bloemfontein Celtic, Ikapa Sporting and AmaZulu in the Premier Soccer League.
## International career {#international_career}
He was a participant at the 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup in the United States for South Africa
| 68 |
Reagan Noble
| 0 |
10,051,762 |
# Thundorf in Unterfranken
**Thundorf** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany
| 18 |
Thundorf in Unterfranken
| 0 |
10,051,776 |
# Zeitlofs
**Zeitlofs** is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany
| 16 |
Zeitlofs
| 0 |
10,051,787 |
# Abraham van der Hulst
**Abraham van der Hulst** (Amsterdam, 11 April 1619 -- 12 June 1666) was a Dutch admiral in the 17th century.
Van der Hulst was appointed extraordinary captain in 1650. He served as captain of *Groningen* in the First Anglo-Dutch War, being promoted to full captain in 1653, becoming flag captain of Vice-Admiral Witte de With on *Vrijheid*, fighting in the Battle of the Gabbard and the Battle of Scheveningen.
In 1654 he had convoy duty in the Mediterranean. In 1656, in the Dutch-Portuguese War, he took two merchantmen during the blockade of Portugal. In 1658 he was flag captain of Vice-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter on *Hilversum* while again blockading Portugal. In 1661 he served in De Ruyter\'s fleet in the Mediterranean. When the Second Anglo-Dutch War threatened he was on 29 January appointed temporary Rear-Admiral with the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665 he was second in command in the squadron of Lieutenant-Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam, taking over command of this unit when the latter was killed because his flagship exploded. The battle was a heavy defeat for the Dutch and those captains fighting bitterly to cover the retreat of the fleet were seen as heroes, among them Van der Hulst who was promoted on 25 July to Vice-Admiral.
In the Four Days\' Battle he was second in command in the squadron of Lieutenant-Admiral Cornelis Tromp. On the second day due to a communication mistake Tromp failed to follow the turn of the main body of the Dutch fleet into the back of the English fleet. As a result, his squadron became isolated and attacked by a superior English force. Before De Ruyter could break the English line and save Tromp\'s force, several ships had taken a horrible pounding, among them *Spiegel*, Van der Hulst\'s flagship. He himself was mortally wounded by a musket ball in the breast. *Spiegel* was abandoned but later salvaged.
Van der Hulst was buried in the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam; a marble grave memorial was later erected, a work of Artus de With.
His name was later given to a `{{Sclass|Karel Doorman|frigate|1}}`{=mediawiki} in 1993, `{{HNLMS|Abraham van der Hulst|F832|6}}`{=mediawiki}
| 363 |
Abraham van der Hulst
| 0 |
10,051,809 |
# Rudy Glenn
**Rudy Glenn** (born October 12, 1958) is a retired American soccer player who coaches youth soccer.
## High school and college {#high_school_and_college}
Glenn attended Mannheim American High School in Mannheim, Germany . He attended Indiana University from 1976 to 1979 where he played on the men\'s soccer team. During Glenn\'s four years with the team, it went to the NCAA championship in 1976 and 1978. Indiana lost in both games to the University of San Francisco. However, USF was later disqualified from the 1978 championship.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
The Chicago Sting of the North American Soccer League (NASL) took Glenn in the first round (third overall) in the 1979 NASL College Draft. Glenn became an excellent defender with the Sting. He scored the winning goal in the shootout Penalty shootout (football)#American experiments phase of the 1981 NASL championship game, which had end without a goal after 90 minutes of regulation and 15 minutes of golden goal extra time. In 1983, the U.S. Soccer Federation, in coordination with the NASL, entered the U.S. national team, known as Team America, into the NASL as a league franchise. The team drew on U.S. citizens playing in the NASL, Major Indoor Soccer League and American Soccer League. Glenn left the Sting and signed with Team America. When Team America finished the 1983 season with a 10--20 record, the worst in the NASL, USSF withdrew the team from the league. Glenn returned to the Sting and remained with the team until he retired from playing. In 1984, the Sting won a second NASL championship, the last in the league\'s history. At the end of the season, the NASL folded and the Sting moved to Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL). Glenn remained with the Sting and played two years in MISL. During the 1985--1986 season, he played only eight games, scoring one goal, before he was injured. He was released by the Sting on May 1, 1986. In October 1986, Glenn joined the Chicago Shoccers of the American Indoor Soccer Association.
## National team {#national_team}
In 1984, Glenn earned his only cap with the national team as a substitute for Andy Parkinson in a 0--0 tie with Italy. In 1987, Glenn also played five games, scoring one goal for the U.S. Futsal Team.
## Post playing career {#post_playing_career}
Glenn coached boys sophomore soccer at Niles West High School and girls varsity soccer coach at Niles West High School. Rudy is also the founder of Illinois Sting FC, the girls feeder soccer team for Niles West High School. He now currently coaches Wilmette's Loyola Academy Boys Soccer Team as of 2025
| 438 |
Rudy Glenn
| 0 |
10,051,847 |
# Felsőregmec
**Felsőregmec** (*Vyšný Redmec*) is a village in the Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county in northeastern Hungary
| 15 |
Felsőregmec
| 0 |
10,051,851 |
# Political Song Network
The **Political Song Network** was a British national network of political singers, songwriters, and musicians founded at a meeting in London in October 1986. Founders included Roy Bailey, Pam Bishop, Ros Kane, Sandra Kerr, Angela McKee, John Pole, Leon Rosselson, Janet Russell, Ivan Sears, Bob Wakeling, and Jim Woodland. It produced a quarterly newsletter and various publications
| 61 |
Political Song Network
| 0 |
10,051,871 |
# James Cox (quarterback)
**James Cox** (born December 29, 1983) is a former starting quarterback for the Colorado Buffaloes football team in 2005 and 2006.
## Personal
Cox majored in communication at Colorado. He was a 2001--02 National Football Foundation and College Football Hall of Fame Scholar-Athlete Award recipient
| 49 |
James Cox (quarterback)
| 0 |
10,051,882 |
# Consumers, Estate Agents and Redress Act 2007
The **Consumers, Estate Agents and Redress Act 2007** is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Bill for this Act was introduced into the Parliament of the United Kingdom on 16 November 2006 and completed its passage through the House of Lords on 6 February 2007. It was introduced, and given its First Reading, in the House of Commons on 7 February 2007 and its Third Reading on Monday 19 March 2007.
## Section 66 - Commencement {#section_66___commencement}
Orders made under this section:
- [The Consumers, Estate Agents and Redress Act 2007 (Commencement No. 1) Order 2007](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2007/2934/contents/made) (S.I. 2007/2934 (C.116))
- [The Consumers, Estate Agents and Redress Act 2007 (Commencement No. 2) Order 2007](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2007/3546/contents/made) (S.I. 2007/3546 (C.154))
- [The Consumers, Estate Agents and Redress Act 2007 (Commencement No. 3 and Supplementary Provision) Order 2008](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2008/1262/contents/made) (S.I. 2008/1262 (C.53))
- [The Consumers, Estate Agents and Redress Act 2007 (Commencement No. 4) Order 2008](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2008/905/contents/made) (S.I. 2008/905 (C.43))
- [The Consumers, Estate Agents and Redress Act 2007 (Commencement No. 5 and Savings and Transitional Provisions) Order 2008](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2008/2550/contents/made) (S.I. 2008/2550 (C
| 187 |
Consumers, Estate Agents and Redress Act 2007
| 0 |
10,051,916 |
# DataArt
**DataArt** is a New York City-based IT consultancy company. The firm delivers breakthrough data, analytics, and AI platforms for various industries, including finance, media & entertainment, healthcare & life sciences, retail, and travel & hospitality. DataArt operates from 30+ locations in the US, Europe (Armenia, Bulgaria, Germany, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Switzerland, Ukraine), the UK, Latin America, and the UAE.
## History
DataArt was founded in 1997 in New York City by Eugene Goland, president and CEO. It started as and remains a U.S. (New York) corporation.
In 2001, the company opened a London office.
In 2007, DataArt received Microsoft Gold Certified Partner status. This was attained by participating in the Microsoft Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) program, where the company received high customer ratings and earned the status of Small Business Specialist.
In 2011, DataArt became a member of the American Chamber of Commerce in Ukraine.
In 2014, DataArt acquired AW Systems and launched a development center in Buenos Aires, i.e. it entered Argentina.
In 2018--2019, Da Vinci Capital and German state-owned development finance institution DEG invested in the company. An important reason for the investment was that DataArt employed over a thousand IT professionals in Ukraine, mitigating brain drain risks. It was a strategic investment as the institutions work on promoting sustainable economic development in Ukraine, Argentina, and Armenia.
In 2021, DataArt opened an additional R&D center in Bulgaria (Plovdiv) and new offices were opened in Kazakhstan and Georgia. In September of that same year, the company acquired the Armenian-based software development company SFL.
In 2022, due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, DataArt left the Russian market on 15 June, i.e. it closed its offices in Russia.
In September 2022, DataArt announced the acquisition of Lola Tech, thus entering the software development market in Romania. Lola Tech\'s Cluj-Napoca hub becomes the first development centre in Romania.
In May 2023, DataArt opened a new office in India, followed two months later by the opening of another office in Mexico. That same year, the company was recognized as one of Newsweek's Top 100 Global Most Loved Workplace.
In 2024, DataArt was recognized as a leader in the IAOP Global Outsourcing 100. In July of the same year, the company launched its Advanced AI Strategy Consulting Service, designed to drive organizational transformation.
## Awards and recognition {#awards_and_recognition}
From 2010 to 2018, the company was ranked in the Inc. 5000 List of the fastest-growing private U.S. companies.
In 2021, DataArt appeared among the Inc. 5000 America\'s Fastest-Growing private companies and was included on Best Company Culture list by Comparably.
In 2022, DataArt was recognized on the Inc. 5000 list for the 11th time.
In 2023, DataArt was named one of the Americas' Fastest-Growing Companies by the Financial Times and made its 12th appearance on the Inc. 5000 list, placing it among the top 0.1% of companies with this achievement. DataArt was also recognized as one of Newsweek\'s Top 100 Global Most Loved Workplaces. Additionally, Eugene Goland, CEO of DataArt, was honored as one of the Top 25 IT Services Executives of 2023.
In 2024, DataArt was included as a leader in the Global Outsourcing 100 list, recognized by the Association for Talent Development (ATD) in the 2024 BEST Awards for excellence in talent development, and named the Best Global Software Engineering Company -- US at the 2024 Technology Innovator Awards.
## Product
DataArt specializes in product development, system modernization, security service, managed support, digital transformation.
| 575 |
DataArt
| 0 |
10,051,916 |
# DataArt
## Clients
DataArt\'s clients include Ocado, Travelport, Centrica/Hive, Paddy Power Betfair, IWG, Univision, Meetup and Apple Leisure Group among others. The company is also cooperating with Girls Who Code, the firm is closely collaborating with various Women in IT initiatives in Eastern Europe and sponsoring many events that attract female IT specialists. Women TechMakers, Python Community for Women, Toastmasters International, and Geek Girls Carrots are among DataArt\'s partners
| 70 |
DataArt
| 1 |
10,051,926 |
# Paul Shipton
**Paul Shipton** (born 1963) is an English children\'s author.
He was born in Manchester and attended Emmanuel College, Cambridge and Manchester University. After completing two master\'s degrees (in Classics and Philosophy), he taught English in Istanbul for a year. After returning to the UK, he taught English as a foreign language for several years, and it was around this time that he published his first book, *Zargon Zoo* (1991). Four years later, he published *Bug Muldoon and the Garden of Fear*, and relocated with his family to Wisconsin, United States where he works as a freelance writer and editor. He also writes books for younger readers under the pen name Paul Cooper. He, his wife and two daughters, now divide their time between Cambridge, England and Madison, Wisconsin
| 131 |
Paul Shipton
| 0 |
10,051,954 |
# Downpatrick Racecourse
**Downpatrick Racecourse**, located one mile from the town of Downpatrick in County Down, is one of the two horse racing courses in Northern Ireland, (the other being Down Royal).
The first race meeting at Downpatrick was held in 1685 under the charter of James II of England. The king issued letters patent creating The Royal Corporation of Horse Breeders in the County of Down.
Although Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom, horse racing is run on an All Ireland basis, so Downpatrick falls under the aegis of Horse Racing Ireland rather than the British Horseracing Authority.
The course now stages only National Hunt racing following the discontinuation of Flat Racing at the track. The feature race at the course is the Ulster National Handicap Chase run over a distance of 3 miles 4 furlongs 110 yards
| 141 |
Downpatrick Racecourse
| 0 |
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# Lloyd H. Wood
**Lloyd Hobart Wood** (October 25, 1896 -- February 15, 1964) was an American Republican politician from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania who served as the 20th lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania from 1951 to 1955. He served in the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 12th district from 1947 to 1951 and in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the Montgomery County district from 1939 to 1946.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Wood was born in Grampian, Pennsylvania, to George L. and Maude (Goss) Wood. He graduated from Central High School in Winchester Township and received a B.S. degree from Ursinus College and a LL.B from Temple University.
He served as a corporal in the United States Marine Corps in both World War I and World War II.
## Career
He worked as attorney-at-law for the Montgomery County Republican Committee and served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the Montgomery County district from 1939 to 1946. He resigned from the House on February 11, 1946, and served in the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1947 to 1951.
He served as the 20th Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania from 1951 to 1955 under Governor John Fine. He had an unsuccessful campaign for Governor of Pennsylvania in 1955.
He was elected Chief Clerk of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and served from 1957 to 1959.
He died on February 15, 1964, and is interred at Riverside Cemetery in West Norriton Township, Pennsylvania
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# Regent University College of Science and Technology
The **Regent University College of Science and Technology** (often referred to as **Regent-Ghana**) is located in Accra, Ghana. It was registered in September 2003, and received accreditation to operate as a tertiary institution in 2004. In January 2005 it started its lectures with 30 pioneer students at Trinity Campus, Mataheko.
Now, the University operates from its purpose built campus, located at McCarthy Hill, off the Mallam-Kasoa-Winneba Highway. It is recognized as one of the leading private science and technology Universities in Ghana.
In the 14th edition of the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities, Regent was ranked third best university in [Ghana](https://pantip.com/profile/7454486#topics).
Regent University College of Science and Technology was ranked the best private University in Ghana in the July 2020 edition of the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities. Regent is ranked 7th University overall in Ghana in the same edition of the bi-annual ranking.
## Organization
The University College has four schools - the **School of Business, Leadership and Legal Studies (SBLL)**, the **Faculty of Arts and Sciences**: the **Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Allied Sciences (FECAS)**, and the **School of Research and Graduate Studies (SRGS)**. The School of Research and Graduate Studies offers six postgraduate degree programmes - Master of Science in Statistics, Master of Science in Law and Corporate Administration, Master of Science and Master of Philosophy in Energy and Sustainability Management, Master of Divinity, Master of Theology. The School of Research and Graduate Studies provides oversight to all postgraduate programs. There is also the Language Centre and a newly established Centre for Academic Writing. A number of interdisciplinary programmes cross the boundaries between schools and disciplines.
## Faculties
### School of Business, Leadership and Legal Studies {#school_of_business_leadership_and_legal_studies}
The School of Business, Leadership and Legal Studies (SBLL) teaches business courses with a strong computing content. The following are the departments under this school and the undergraduate degree programmes they each offer:
#### Department of Accounting and Finance {#department_of_accounting_and_finance}
- BSc (Hons) Accounting and Information Systems
- BSc (Hons) Banking and Finance
#### Department of Management and Economics {#department_of_management_and_economics}
- BSc (Hons) Management with Computing
- BBA eCommerce
### Faculty of Arts and Sciences {#faculty_of_arts_and_sciences}
#### Department of Psychology {#department_of_psychology}
- BSc Human Development and Psychology
#### Department of Theology, Ministry and Pentecostal Studies {#department_of_theology_ministry_and_pentecostal_studies}
- Bachelor of Theology with Management (Honours)
### Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Allied Sciences (FECAS) {#faculty_of_engineering_computing_and_allied_sciences_fecas}
The School of Engineering, Computing and Allied Sciences (FECAS) provides ICT-based university education. The following are the departments under the school and the undergraduate degree programmes they offer:
#### Department of Informatics {#department_of_informatics}
- BSc (Hons) Computer Science
- BSc (Hons) Information Systems Sciences
#### Department of Engineering & Mathematical Sciences {#department_of_engineering_mathematical_sciences}
- BEng (Hons) Applied Electronics & Systems Engineering
- Telecommunications Engineering Option
- Computer Engineering Option
- Instrumentation Engineering Option
## Postgraduate studies {#postgraduate_studies}
Accredited postgraduate degree programmes that the university offers are:
- Master of Business Administration (MBA)
- Master of Science in Statistics
- Master of Divinity
- Master of Theology
- MSc / MPhil Energy and Sustainability Management
- MSc Law and Corporate Administration
## Affiliations
The university is affiliated to five other universities.
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
- University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
- [Universidad Católica de Murcia, Spain](https://www.ucam.edu/)
- Acadia University, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Deggendorf University of Applied Sciences, Deggendorf, Germany
- [Umwelt Campus Birkenfeld, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Germany](https://www.umwelt-campus
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# Opoona
is a role-playing video game developed by ArtePiazza and published by Koei for the Wii. The player follows the story of the titular Opoona as he attempts to find the location of his family from which he was separated after the occurrence of a mysterious accident during their travels. Former *Dragon Quest* art designer Shintaro Majima was the lead artist, with Sachiko Sugimura, who has also worked on *Dragon Quest*, as the planning director. Hitoshi Sakimoto, best known for composing *Final Fantasy XII*, produced the soundtrack, which was composed by him and his Basiscape musicians.
## Gameplay
Throughout the game, Opoona will acquire a variety of licences for different jobs. Whilst some are mandatory for story progression, most are optional and add to the customization of the players game. The game can be played one-handed using just the Wii\'s Nunchuk attachment, but the Classic Controller can also be used. In battles, flicking the Nunchuk\'s analog stick will fire a projectile, the trajectory of which can be changed and adjusted according to the situation. The style of play is referred to in-game as the \"Active Bon-Bon Battle System\" and all actions occur in real time.
## Setting
Before the events of *Opoona*, the planet Landroll was impacted by a large meteorite composed of crystallized dark energy. Half of the star, once lush and verdant, died from the impact, becoming the Deadlands. Life for the survivors changed drastically; the impact caused a shift in gravity, causing the sun to become tidally locked to the planet. Species died and vegetation withered in the heat; mysterious creatures, known as Rogues, emerged from the meteorite and began to attack people. Humans eventually built sturdy glass domes over Landroll\'s surviving cities. Sanctuary, an island floating above the northern pole, was unaffected and habitable areas outside the domes became the wild lands.
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# Opoona
## Plot
Several hundred years after the meteorite impact, Opoona and his siblings, Copoona and Poleena, are on a family vacation from the star Tizia with their parents, Momeena, Dadeena and co-pilots Troc and Noix, travelling in a spaceship to Landroll. Momeena tells Opoona that her brother, Roidman, lives on the planet doing research on how to reduce the Rogue population. Shortly after, the spaceship is attacked by mysterious dark energy, and the three children are placed into separate escape pods before the spaceship crashes on Landroll.
Opoona awakens from a coma in Tokione Dome and is informed of the incident, and told that his parents are being treated by Sages in Sanctuary. He is then introduced to Aizal, the Head Sage, who tells Opoona it will take some time for them to recover due to a shortage of Matia. Opoona is enrolled at Starhouse school and is trained as a Landroll Ranger with help from Chaika, a young Ranger girl, and Commander Goldy, a high-ranking Landroll Ranger; at Starhouse, Opoona is reunited with his brother, Copoona, who has no idea where his sister\'s escape pod could be. Days after the spaceship incident, Poleena\'s escape pod is discovered in the wildlands. An elderly woman, Creola, recommends to Goldy that it would be best to care for Poleena herself, and to not inform Aizel.
Once enrolled in Starhouse, Opoona is asked to investigate matters at the Wind Ravine as part of his training. Opoona finds that the source of the activity in the Ravine is his own escape pod, which still emanates some dark energy from the spaceship. Opoona graduates from Starhouse as a Level One Ranger, receiving assignments in Lifeborn, Artiela and the Intelligent Sea, where he is temporarily employed by both the Bravo and Shine companies to remove bugs from programming and to also help patients in the hospital ward.
One of the patients identifies himself as Chaika\'s father, and Opoona later encounters Chaika herself. Chaika, an experienced engineer, checks Opoona\'s database file from the spaceship. She reveals that the attack was sent by Shagla, Aizel\'s younger twin brother who mysteriously disappeared years before. Chaika believes something is amiss, since a fleet large enough to be capable of destroying a spaceship has not been commissioned for several years.
Opoona is now allowed retirement at a residential dome called Paradiso, and attends an official ceremony at Sanctuary. The party arrive at Sanctuary and meet Aizal in the Cathedral, who unleashes an extremely powerful spell at the both of them, stripping them of both their powers and memories.
Poleena remains unconscious until sometime after the Sanctuary incident; Creola asks Poleena to bring her two older siblings to her. She is given a record of all of Opoona\'s assignment accomplishments and travels through the Holy Lands, which is now infested with Rogues. Upon arriving at Paradiso, Poleena encounters Copoona, who is reluctant to leave, believing there is nothing more for them to do; Poleena then takes Opoona and Copoona back to Creola\'s hut, where they recover their powers and memories.
Creola asks the both of them to recover her son Shagla from the Earth Prison, who has been falsely imprisoned for years. Creola also proves that the attack on the spaceship was not ordered by Shagla, but rather by Aizel\'s commandant Babushca. After rescuing Shagla from the prison, Creola reveals a passageway in her hut to an underground base for the Partizians. They are reunited with Roidman and he explains that the only way to save Landroll is to defeat Babuscha, and that Opoona must recruit Partizans to aid him. The Partizans are recruited and together, Opoona and the others defeat Aizal and Babuscha.
### Characters
- Opoona - the protagonist from the planet Tizia, he has an orange Energy Bon-Bon above his head that he can use as a projectile. He starts off in Tokione dome, where he is enlisted to join the Landroll rangers. Outside of the game, Opoona appeared as one of the playable characters in the 2017 crossover game *Warriors All-Stars*.
- Poleena - Opoona\'s younger sister, she has two yellow Energy Bon-Bons above her head that resemble pigtails. Her escape pod crashes on the Orcalphin coast, where she is rescued by Aizel\'s mother.
- Copoona - Opoona\'s younger brother, his Energy Bon-Bon takes the place of his legs and is purple. He becomes a sage, who is accompanied in the beginning by Sage Sarit, one of Landroll\'s most respected elders.
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# Opoona
## Development
*Opoona* was developed by ArtePiazza, a Japanese game company responsible for creating and porting games in the *Dragon Quest* series for Enix. Artepiazza was asked by publisher Koei \"to create fun and unique visuals that convey the enjoyment of an RPG in a simple fashion\" in place of using state-of-the-art CG and hardware technology available at the time of the game\'s production. Rather than utilize the traditional \"single hero\" or \"chosen one\" motif of RPGS, the staff members at Artepiazza emphasized the importance of relationships and family in *Opoona*, with Sachiko Sugimura explaining that every single person means something and that the world grows and changes in accordance with the loving relationships among all people, instead of depicting the main character only as a special existence. Artepiazza wanted *Opoona* to appeal to family members of all ages instead of just children. The team designed the game so that it may be played with the Wii Remote Nunchuk attachment alone because of its limited control input that allows the player to casually play the game one-handed while relaxing or eating. The developers initially wanted to exclude any other control options, but decided to allow users to use the Remote or Classic Controller if they prefer.
Art director Shintaro Majima stated that he was first inspired to create *Opoona* after waking from a nap, taking a bath, and drawing his first design on the bathroom mirror. The main characters were meant to be simple enough that they could be easily redrawn by children; enemies were designed as non-living objects to make them distinct. Majima\'s personal interest in modern architecture and industrial design were the driving force behind the visual style of *Opoona* and that the Wii\'s \"clean\" and \"something new\" style overlapped the game\'s image. Majima\'s brother Tatuso, a modern artist, planned the locations and landscapes using what he considered to be the most attractive blend of reality and imagination. The musical score for *Opoona* was composed by Hitoshi Sakimoto and five fellow members of his Basiscape sound company. Sakimoto arranged the score in an orthodox manner with \"futuristic\" sounds as he had done with many of his past compositions by combining orchestral music with a synthesizer, but his work on *Opoona* involved composing the songs through the characters\' perspective to somehow lend the player their sympathy. The official soundtrack to *Opoona* was published over three years after the game\'s original Japanese launch.
ArtePiazza began working on *Opoona* in the spring and summer of 2005. The project had no publisher until *Dragon Quest* designer Yuji Horii sparked talks between ArtePiazza and Koei following the Electronic Entertainment Expo in 2006. Majima came up with the game\'s title and the main protagonist\'s name. By using an Energy Bon-Bon projectile as the letter \"o\" the title, the spelled out \"Opoona\" was meant to resemble a child firing an Energy Bon-Bon rapidly. The three \"o\'s\" in the title was also meant to match Opoona\'s round shape. *Opoona* was announced as an untitled RPG in a September 2006 issue of Japanese magazine *Famitsu* and was unveiled with its finalized title at a Koei press event the following March. *Opoona* was released in Japan on November 1, 2007 and in North America on March 25, 2008. The game was planned for release in Europe on July 25, 2008, but was delayed until September of that year.
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# Opoona
## Reception
*Opoona* suffered low sales upon its release in Japan. The game was released on the same day as Nintendo\'s *Super Mario Galaxy*, a title that Artepiazza and Koei did not foresee as competition being in a different genre. *Opoona* received a positive review from Japanese magazine *Famitsu*, which gave it a score of three eights and one seven for a total of 31 out of 40. The publication credited the characterisation, length, music, and difficulty level. Elsewhere, *Opoona* received \"mixed\" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. *Eurogamer* praised the control system, pace and presentation, and said \"it\'s charming, strange and often fun, but too shallow and stretched out\"
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# Gift Leremi
**Mpho Gift Leremi** (13 October 1984 -- 3 September 2007) was a South African football midfielder who last played for Mamelodi Sundowns in the Premier Soccer League, and South Africa. Leremi died in a car crash on 3 September 2007 near Johannesburg, South Africa.
## Career
Leremi was an offensive midfielder who began his career with the youth club Pimville Giants in Soweto, where he was born, and discovered by Orlando Pirates in 1999 at a local soccer tournament. Upon joining the Pirates development team, Augusto Palacios, the Pirates youth director, immediately recognized the talent in the player and took him under his wing.
Leremi made his debut for Orlando Pirates in 2002--03 season of the Premier Soccer League on 10 August 2002 against Moroka Swallows, winning the league title in his debut season.
In the summer of 2007 he moved to the then Premier Soccer League champions Mamelodi Sundowns.
## Death
On 3 September 2007, Leremi was returning home after a CAF Confederation Cup game in Cameroon against Astres FC when he was involved in a traffic collision in Alberton outside Johannesburg. He sustained massive injuries and ultimately died as a result of the accident
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# Michiel Braam
**Michiel Braam** (born 17 May 1964, Nijmegen, Netherlands) is a Dutch jazz pianist and composer.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
He studied at the ArtEZ School of Music in Arnhem, where he currently is head of the Jazz & Pop dept. In 1986 he founded 2 bands: *Bik Bent Braam* (with Angelo Verploegen, Eric Boeren, Wolter Wierbos, Peter Haex, Carl Ludwig Hübsch, Peter van Bergen, Jan Willem van der Ham, Bart van der Putten, Frans Vermeerssen, Frank Gratkowski, Jörg Brinkmann, Michael Vatcher) and *Bentje Braam*.\
In 1987 Michiel Braam was commissioned by the NOS. He composed a work for 4 clarinets and piano entitled *Cows and Beasts*. It was performed by Braam on piano, and the clarinet players Ab Baars, Theo Jörgensmann, Michael Moore and Louis Sclavis. In 1989 he founded *Trio BraamDeJoodeVatcher* (with Wilbert de Joode and Michael Vatcher), in 2005 *eBraam* (fka Wurli Trio, with Pieter Douma and Dirk-Peter Kölsch), and in 2011 *Michiel Braam\'s Hybrid 10tet* (with eBraam, the classical Matangi String Quartet, Taylor Ho Bynum, Carl Ludwig Hübsch and Nils Wogram). In 2015 the trio \"Nos Otrobanda\" was formed with Aty de Windt on bass and André Groen on güira. That band specialises in Antillean Walttzes.\
Together with Frans Vermeerssen he co-leads the sextet *All Ears* (with Herb Robertson, Frank Gratkowski, Wilbert de Joode and Michael Vatcher). He worked also with musicians like George Lewis, Benjamin Herman, Han Bennink, Conny and Hannes Bauer and Steve Argüelles.\
The orchestra Bik Bent Braam was considered to be one of the main bigger orchestras in the field of improvisation-music and performed worldwide, as the trio *BraamDeJoodeVatcher still does*.\
In 2007 Braam composed *Nopera*, a sort of music theater piece in which the written parts could be performed at random and contained much room for improvisation, and the libretto was written in the *Nothingyettish* language.\
In 2012 Bik Bent Braam stopped and a septet named Flex Bent Braam took its place. In 2013 the first program \"Lucebert\" of that band was presented on stage and with an album.\
In 2015 eBraam recorded \"The Extraordinary Love Story of Aye Aye and Fedor\", with singer Dean Bowman as narrator, after Ana Isabel Ordonez\'s children\'s book, in a bigger project that involves also dance and fine art.
2016 Reeds & Deeds started, with Frans Vermeerssen, Alex Coke, Bo van de Graaf, Arjen Gorter and Makki van Engelen. This sextet plays the music of Roland Kirk and issued an album in 2019, \"Live at JazzCase\".
In 2020 it will be 25 years ago Bik Bent Braam performed the program \"The XIJZ of Bik Bent Braam\". A special Latin version of this program will be touring during the anniversary year 2020 by the new 13-piece ensemble Son Bent Braam (including Angelo Verploegen, Joël Botma, Ilja Reijngoud, Efe Erdem, Efraïm Trujillo, Bart van der Putten, Frans Vermeerssen, Jesse Schilderink, Aty de Windt, André Groen, Danny Rombout and Martin Gort entitled \"El XYZ de Son Bent Braam\".
In 1988, Braam was honoured with the Podium prize and in 1997 he got Dutch most important jazz prize, the VPRO/Boy Edgar Award.
## Selected compositions {#selected_compositions}
- *De Parkeermeterfabriek* for Big Band (Music Meeting 1986)
- *De AABA suite* for Big Band (Gelderland 1986)
- *Koeien en Beesten* for 4 clarinets and piano (NOS 1988)
- *Sopraantje*, an operette for vocal & 11 musicians (Hoge School vd Kunsten Arnhem 1993)
- *Worms is Back* for piano (Marcel Worms 1998)
- *Alle 13 goed* for Bik Bent Braam (1999)
- *Kwertie for male vocal quartet* (Mezzo Macho 2000)
- *Bik Bent Braam Goes Bonsai* (2002)
- *13 Concerten for Bik Bent Braam* (2005)
- *Nopera* (2007)
- **Extremen for Bik Bent Braam** (2008)
- **Non-Functionals for Michiel Braam\'s Wurli Trio** (2008)
- **Quartet for Trio BraamDeJoodevatcher** (2009)
- **Serendipities for Bik Bent Braam** (2010)
- **On The Move for Michiel Braam\'s Hybrid 10tet** (2011)
- **Exit for Bik Bent Braam** (2012)
- **3 for eBraam** (2012)
- **Black to White for Matangi String Quartet** (2013)
- **Lucebert for Flex Bent Braam** (2013)
- **The Extraordinary Love Story Of Aye Aye And Fedor for eBraam** (Ana Isabel Ordonez, 2014)
- **Marjan, Valencia, Sissi**for Nos Otrobanda (2016)
- **A Malicious Teleological Primordiality** for Hawinkels Band (2017)
- **El XYZ de Son Bent Braam** for Son Bent Braam (2019)
## Discography
- *Oeps!* (Solo, 1989)
- *Bentje Braam* (1990)
- *Rompiendo La Rutina* (European Danzón Orchestra, 1991)
- *Howdy!* (Bik Bent Braam, 1993)
- *Jazzs* (Two Penguins in the desert, 1994)
- *One For Rahsaan* (Frans Vermeerssen Quintet, 1995)
- *Het XYZ der Bik Bent Braam* (1996)
- *Niet met de deuren slaan* (Bo\'s Art Trio, 1997)
- *Monk Materials* (Trio BraamDeJoodeVatcher, 1990) / Playing the second Coolbook (Bentje Braam, 1998)
- *Zwart Wit* (Bik Bent Braam, 1999)
- *13* (Bik Bent Braam, 2000)
- *Colors* (Trio BraamDeJoodeVatcher, 2002)
- *Bik Bent Braam Goes Bonsai* (2002)
- *Foamy Wife Hum/Line* (All Ears, 2003)
- *Michiel vs Braam* (Solo, 2004)
- *Growing Pains* (Bik Bent Braam, 2004)
- *Cobra* (Bo\'s Art Trio, 2002/2004)
- *Change this Song* (Trio BraamDeJoodeVatcher, 2006)
- *Hosting Changes* (Michiel Braam\'s Wurli Trio, 2006)
- *Extremen* (Bik Bent Braam, 2008)
- *Non-Functionals* (Michiel Braam\'s Wurli Trio, 2008)
- *Quartet* (Trio BraamDeJoodeVatcher, 2009)
- *Quintet* (Trio BraamDeJoodeVatcher, 2010)
- *On The Move* (Michiel Braam\'s Hybrid 10tet, 2011)
- *3* (eBraam, 2012)
- *Lucebert* (Flex Bent Braam, 2012)
- *Live at Novara* (Olanda in Due, 2013)
- *Aye* (eBraam plus Dean Bowman, 2015)
- *Gloomy Sunday* (Solo album, 2016)
- *The Curaçao Experience* (Nos Otrobanda, 2016)
- *40 jaar na P
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# Roy E. Furman
**Roy E. Furman** (April 16, 1901 -- May 18, 1977) was an American politician who served as the 21st lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania from 1955 to 1959 and as Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representative from 1936 to 1938.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Furman was born in Davistown, Greene County, Pennsylvania. Educated at Waynesburg College and owner of a construction company, he was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1932 and became Speaker of the House in 1936. He retired in 1940 to return to his construction business but remained politically active as chair of Greene County Democrats for ten years. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania from January 1955 to 1959 during Governor George M. Leader\'s administration. In 1958, Furman ran for the Democratic nomination for governor but lost to David Lawrence.
Furman served on the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission during Governor Lawrence\'s term, later serving on the state transportation commission. Act 127 of 1975 designated Pennsylvania Route 21 as the "Roy E. Furman Highway."
Furman retired to New Cumberland, Pennsylvania, and died in Harrisburg at the age of 76
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# Mike Flynn (footballer)
**Michael Anthony Flynn** (born 23 February 1969) is an English footballer who made more than 650 appearances in the Football League playing for Oldham Athletic, Preston North End, Stockport County, Stoke City, Barnsley and Blackpool.
## Career
### Oldham Athletic {#oldham_athletic}
Flynn began his career with his hometown club Oldham Athletic first signing apprentice forms in July 1985 before turning professional in February 1987. He made an immediate impact with the \"Latics\" going straight into the first team and earning a reputation as a no nonsense centre half. Playing in the Second Division Flynn was attracting attention from some of the bigger clubs and in December 1988 at the age of 19, and after playing 44 games and scoring one goal he signed for First Division club Norwich City for a fee of £100,000.
### Norwich and Preston {#norwich_and_preston}
Flynn\'s time at Norwich was for him a frustrating one though for in his twelve months with the club he failed to make a single appearance. In December 1989 Third Division club Preston North End tabled a bid of £125,000 which Norwich accepted enabling Flynn to return to his native north-west of England. His time at Preston was, however, a difficult one for although his performances were generally good the club were struggling with some of their better players being sold to boost the club coffers. In his time at Deepdale they sold Tony Ellis, Warren Joyce, Alan Kelly, Martin James, Brian Mooney and Mark Patterson. It therefore came as no surprise when Flynn himself was sold to Stockport County in March 1993 for a fee of £125,000. In Flynn\'s three and a half years at Preston he had played 162 games scoring eight goals.
### Stockport County {#stockport_county}
Flynn\'s move to Edgeley Park started a ten-year spell with the club. He won the supporters\' Player of the year award in the 1993--94 season. Flynn helped the club to the Second Division play-off final at Wembley where they lost to north west rivals Burnley. The following season saw Flynn given the captain\'s armband and in the 1996--97 season captained the side to promotion to the First Division (by then the second tier of English football) as well as to the semi-final of the League Cup, round four of the FA Cup and the Football League Trophy northern final. Flynn was an ever-present that season playing a total of 66 games.
Flynn\'s performances had not gone unnoticed and when an £800,000 bid from Birmingham City was rejected by County in February 1999 Flynn was somewhat unhappy. He did though sort things out with County and later on in the year signed a new contract with the club. During the 2001--02 season County began to struggle and when manager Andy Kilner was sacked, it was thought that Flynn might be in the running for the job. It was not to be though as just before Christmas 2001 Carlton Palmer was given the job and Flynn was weeks later loaned out to Stoke City. In Flynn\'s two months at the Britannia Stadium he played thirteen games. Shortly after the loan was extended into a third month, Flynn left to join Steve Parkin\'s Barnsley of the First Division; Stockport gave him a free transfer and promised him a testimonial match, despite his having been with the club for less than the customary ten years. In all Flynn played 460 games for \"the Hatters\", scoring 19 goals.
On 18 July 2014 Stockport held a testimonial for Mike Flynn at their home Edgeley Park the event was attended by over 30 Stockport legends including Kevin Francis, Andy Preece and many others. Flynn donated half the money made on the night back into the club.
### Barnsley and Blackpool {#barnsley_and_blackpool}
In little over a year at Oakwell he played just 21 games before in January 2003 returning to the North West with Blackpool, initially on loan and then permanently in March of the same year. Flynn\'s committed performances made him a favourite at Bloomfield Road and he played more than 50 games for the club, taking his League career tally to 654 games played and 25 goals scored. In 2004 he started the final as Blackpool won the 2003--04 Football League Trophy.
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# Mike Flynn (footballer)
## Career
### Later career {#later_career}
In September 2004 Flynn signed an 18-month contract with Accrington Stanley, and was with the club when they were crowned champions of the Conference National in the 2005--06 season. He played 45 games for Accrington before leaving for Conference North club Hyde United in November 2005 and then in December 2006 Stalybridge Celtic. In 2007 Flynn signed for Northern Premier League Division One North club Radcliffe Borough, moving to divisional rivals Salford City in January 2009, where he became assistant manager as well as player.
In September 2017, he left a coaching role with Stockport County\'s first team to take up a youth coaching role at Rochdale.
## Career statistics {#career_statistics}
Source:
Club Season League FA Cup
------------------- ------------ ----------------- ------ ------- -------- -------
Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Oldham Athletic 1987--88 Second Division 31 1 1 0
1988--89 Second Division 9 0 0 0
Total 40 1 1 0
Preston North End 1989--90 Third Division 23 1 1 0
1990--91 Third Division 35 1 1 0
1991--92 Third Division 43 3 3 1
1992--93 Second Division 35 2 2 0
Total 136 7 7 1
Stockport County 1992--93 Second Division 10 0 0 0
1993--94 Second Division 46 1 4 0
1994--95 Second Division 43 2 1 0
1995--96 Second Division 46 6 4 0
1996--97 Second Division 46 2 4 1
1997--98 First Division 34 1 1 0
1998--99 First Division 46 1 2 0
1999--2000 First Division 46 1 1 0
2000--01 First Division 44 0 3 0
2001--02 First Division 26 2 0 0
Total 387 16 20 1
Stoke City (loan) 2001--02 Second Division 13 0 0 0
Total 13 0 0 0
Barnsley 2001--02 First Division 7 0 0 0
2002--03 First Division 14 0 0 0
Total 21 0 0 0
Blackpool 2002--03 Second Division 21 0 0 0
2003--04 Second Division 30 1 3 0
2004--05 League One 6 0 0 0
Total 57 1 3 0
Career total 654 25 31 2
: A. `{{note|Other}}`{=mediawiki} The \"Other\" column constitutes appearances and goals in the Football League Trophy, Football League play-offs and Full Members Cup
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# List of vaudeville performers: A–K
This is a partial **list of vaudeville performers**. Inclusion on this list indicates that the subject appeared at least once on the North American vaudeville stage during its heyday between 1881 and 1932. The source in the citation included with each entry confirms their appearance and cites information in the performance notes section.
Vaudeville was a style of variety entertainment predominant in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Developing from many sources, including saloon shows, minstrel shows, freak shows, dime museums, British pantomimes, and other popular forms of entertainment, vaudeville became one of the most popular types of entertainment in America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Vaudeville took the form of a series of separate, unrelated acts each featuring a different types of performance, including classical and popular musical acts, dance performances, comedy, animal acts, magic and illusions, female and male impersonators, acrobatic and athletic feats, one-act plays or scenes from plays, lectures, minstrels, or even short films. A vaudeville performer is sometimes known as a \"vaudevillian\".
Name Birth Death Nationality Performance notes Reference
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Abbott and Costello American Comic duo consisting of William (Bud) Abbott (October 2, 1897 -- April 24, 1974) and Lou Costello (March 6, 1906 -- March 3, 1959). Abbott began working in vaudeville in 1918, producing a \"tab show\" on the Gus Sun circuit with his wife. Later, he began working as a comic \"straight man.\" Abbott and Costello met around 1929 and possibly performed together in vaudeville in the very early 1930s. The duo went on to work in radio and film.
Jean Acker October 23, 1893 August 16, 1978 American Actress known primarily for her work on film and as the first wife of Rudolf Valentino.
Janet Adair c\. 1892 November 24, 1938 American Singing comedienne with piano accompanist; she was the lead female performer in *Bombo* with Al Jolson.
Jean Adair June 13, 1873 May 11, 1953 Canadian Actress of the legitimate stage who appeared in vaudeville in a sketch, *Maggie Taylor, Waitress.* Adair usually played mothers and elderly aunts onstage following her New York debut in 1922. One of her best known roles was as Aunt Martha in the play, *Arsenic and Old Lace*.
Milton Ager October 6, 1893 May 6, 1979 American Pianist and songwriter. Ager worked in vaudeville prior to 1910 as an accompanist. He wrote for the stage and Hollywood and composed the song, \"Happy Days Are Here Again\" with lyrics by Jack Yellen.
Will Ahern October 9, 1896 May 16, 1983 American Cowboy comedian and entertainer who performed in a comic duo with his wife, Gladys Reese. Ahern told jokes and performed rope tricks while his wife, using a Mexican accent, sang and danced.
Harry Akst August 15, 1894 March 31, 1963 American Pianist and songwriter, Akst accompanied singers including Al Jolson, Nora Bayes and Frank Fay. Perhaps his most notable song is \"Dinah\", which has been covered by such artists as Bing Crosby, the Mills Brothers and Fats Waller.
Jack Albertson June 16, 1907 November 25, 1981 American Actor, comedian, dancer and singer. After vaudeville, Albertson worked in burlesque, on Broadway and in Hollywood, winning a Tony Award, an Emmy Award and an Academy Award.
Robert Alda February 26, 1914 May 3, 1986 American Actor, singer and dancer whose vaudeville career began in earnest after winning a talent contest. After working in vaudeville and burlesque, Alda appeared on Broadway, winning a Tony Award for the role of Sky Masterson in *Guys and Dolls*. He later appeared in film, as well. He is the father of TV and film actor Alan Alda.
Joe Bennet Aldert 1889 1967 American Dancer
Russell Alexander February 26, 1877 October 2, 1915 American Euphonium virtuoso and musician who performed in a novelty musical act with his brothers, Newton and Woodruff. It was Newton who first formed the act, called \"The Exposition Four\", which consisted of Newton, Woodruff, James Brady and Willie Patten. Russell replaced Patten later. The group performed a comedy act with some blackface but also performed virtuosic feats on their instruments. Russell would become one of the greatest of circus music composers.
Hadji Ali 1892 November 5, 1937 Egyptian Regurgitator, billed as \"The Egyptian Enigma\", who performed an act where he swallowed kerosene followed by water. After regurgitating the kerosene and setting it ablaze, he would put out the flames with the regurgitated water. He also swallowed and regurgitated nuts and live goldfish.
Maud Allan August 27, 1873 October 7, 1956 Canadian A dancer, Allan created the famous \"Salome Dance\", a dance of her own creation. After performing it first at London\'s Palace Theatre, in March 1908, she appeared at New York\'s Palace Theatre January 20, 1910. She toured in American vaudeville from 1916 to 1917 and 1919 to 1920.
Fred Allen May 31, 1894 March 17, 1956 American Juggler and comedian who also performed in a comic duo with his wife, Portland Hoffa (January 25, 1905 -- December 25, 1990). His original act featured Allen as a ventriloquist, the comedy coming from his lack of talent (at one point the dummy would fall apart). Later his act featured Allen as a clumsy juggler and once his wife joined, she would act as the \"straight man\" to his bad juggling routine. Later, the couple would gain prominence on the radio.
Lester Allen November 17, 1891 November 6, 1949 American Comedian who appeared in a double act with Nellie Breen. He also emceed at the Palace.
Louis Alter June 18, 1902 November 5, 1980 American Pianist and songwriter who accompanied Nora Bayes for a number of years and wrote songs for Irène Bordoni, Beatrice Lillie and Helen Morgan. Among his most popular songs are \"Manhattan Serenade\" and \"Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans.\"
Nick Altrock September 15, 1876 January 20, 1965 American Former baseball player who appeared in a comedy routine with Al Schacht, *The Clown Prince of Baseball.*
Kirk Alyn May 31, 1908 December 6, 1993 American Singer and dancer. Later notable as the first actor to play Superman on film.
Don Ameche May 31, 1906 March 14, 1999 American Comedian with Texas Guinan\'s troupe. After vaudeville, Ameche worked in film, winning an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1985 for his work on the film, *Cocoon*.
Morey Amsterdam December 14, 1908 October 27, 1996 American Amsterdam debuted in vaudeville as a cellist with his brother, a pianist. Within a short while, the act had become a comedy routine; Amsterdam\'s cello becoming a mere prop. After working in a nightclub owned by Al Capone, Amsterdam worked in radio, where he had his own variety show, *The Morey Amsterdam Show*, and in television where he was cast as one of Dick Van Dyke\'s co-workers on *The Dick Van Dyke Show*. He also wrote comedy dialogue for motion pictures.
\"Broncho Billy\" Anderson March 21, 1880 January 20, 1971 American Actor who, following vaude, became the first star of the Western film genre. In addition, with George K. Spoor, he founded Essanay Studios (\"S\" for Spoor and \"A\" for Anderson) in Chicago.
Eddie Anderson September 18, 1905 February 28, 1977 American Born into a vaudevillian family, Anderson began performing in a song and dance act with his brother, Cornelius and another young man, at the age of 14. The act was billed as the \"Three Black Aces.\" Following vaude, Anderson appeared with fellow vaudevillian, Jack Benny, as \"Rochester\" on *The Jack Benny Show* on radio and later TV.
Andrews Sisters American Trio of sisters, LaVerne (July 6, 1911 -- May 8, 1967), Maxine (January 3, 1916 -- October 21, 1995) and Patty (February 16, 1918 -- January 30, 2013) who sang in close harmony. The trio started touring vaudeville in the early 1930s with the Larry Rich band.
Margaret Anglin April 3, 1876 January 7, 1958 Canadian Actress from the legitimate stage who appeared in a sketch of the play *The Wager*, The Playhouse Theatre, New York, December 1917. Anglin was one of the most noted actresses on the American stage in her time, having gained the admiration of Sarah Bernhardt, the greatest actress of the age.
A. E. Anson September 14, 1879 June 25, 1936 British Shakespearian actor who appeared in a vaudeville sketch entitled *1690* which he wrote himself.
Capt. Adrian C. \"Cap\" Anson April 17, 1852 April 14, 1922 American Former baseball player who appeared in a sketch in 1913 with a monologue and short dance. He reappeared with his daughters in 1921.
Dave Apollon 1898 May 30, 1972 Russian-American Mandolinist. Apollon arrived in the US from Russia in 1921. Finding success in vaude, Apollon appeared as an emcee at the Palace and also appeared with his Filipino Orchestra on the last two-a-day program there, May 7, 1932. He also appeared in the final vaudeville presentation at the Loew\'s State Theatre, New York City, December 23, 1947.
Macklyn Arbuckle July 9, 1866 March 31, 1931 American Character actor who toured vaudeville in the sketch, *The Welcher* in 1910. Arbuckle made his stage debut in Shreveport, Louisiana in 1888 and his New York debut in 1900. He found success playing \"homespun\" type characters and eventually he moved into film, creating the San Antonio Pictures Corporation.
Roscoe \"Fatty\" Arbuckle March 24, 1887 June 29, 1933 American Arbuckle was a portly comic actor who was mentored by vaudeville veteran, Leon Errol. After leaving the stage, Arbuckle became a well-known comedian in silent films, eventually partnering with Buster Keaton. His career was destroyed by accusations that he murdered a young actress. Following two trials ending in hung juries and a final trial that acquitted him, Arbuckle\'s career was ruined. He would not return to motion pictures until 1932.
Harold Arlen February 15, 1905 April 23, 1986 American Pianist, musician and composer. Among his more well-known songs are \"Stormy Weather\", \"Get Happy\" and songs for the movie-musical, *The Wizard of Oz*.
Armida May 29, 1911 October 23, 1989 American Mexican-American singer and actress discovered while performing with her sister, Dolores, in Los Angeles. After becoming a part of Gus Edwards\' vaudeville troupe, she made a number of films, including 1930\'s *On the Border* with John Barrymore and Rin-Tin-Tin.
Julia Arthur May 3, 1868 March 28, 1950 Canadian Actress from the legitimate stage who appeared at the Palace in May 1917 in a sketch called *Liberty Aflame*. As well as working onstage, Arthur made 10 silent films from 1908 to 1919.
Adele and Fred Astaire American Ballroom dance duo with Fred Astaire (May 10, 1899 -- June 22, 1987) and his sister, Adele (September 10, 1896 -- January 25, 1981). The duo first appeared in vaudeville in 1912, but as Fred was underage, the duo did not return until 1916, when they toured many vaudeville circuits.
Roscoe Ates January 20, 1896 March 1, 1962 American Comedian known for his portrayals of comic, stuttering characters. Ates later appeared in films.
Cholly Atkins September 13, 1913 April 19, 2003 American Tap dancer in a noted dance act with Charles \"Honi\" Coles. Later Atkins became a choreographer for Motown.
Lionel Atwill March 1, 1885 April 22, 1946 British An actor, Atwill toured with Lillie Langtry as her leading man in the play, *Ashes* during 1915. Following his stage career, Atwill worked in Hollywood, appearing in many horror films during the 1930s and 1940s. His career was cut short by a scandal involving an orgy at his home where a young woman was raped.
Adrienne Augarde May 12, 1882 March 17, 1913 British Singer and stage actress,
Gene Austin June 24, 1900 January 24, 1972 American Singer and songwriter who first appeared in vaudeville in the early 1920s. He performed as one of the first \"crooners.\" Austin appeared on radio in 1923 and began recording as \"The Voice of the Southland.\"
Lovie Austin September 19, 1887 July 10, 1972 American Jazz pianist who toured extensively in vaude, often with her own band, the \"Blues Serenaders.\"
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## B
Name Birth Death Nationality Performance notes Reference
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Frank Bacon January 16, 1864 November 19, 1922 American Actor and playwright, appeared in vaudeville skits and playlets. Father of Lloyd Bacon.
Lloyd Bacon December 4, 1889 November 15, 1955 American Broadway actor who, following a season in vaudeville went to Hollywood where he became a director with Warner Bros. after appearing as an actor in nearly 40 films.
Pearl Bailey March 29, 1918 August 17, 1990 American Singer and actress who followed vaudeville with a career onstage, on film and on TV. She garnered a Tony Award for her role on Broadway in *Hello, Dolly!*.
Belle Baker December 25, 1893 April 29, 1957 American Baker first ventured onstage with the encouragement of actor, Jacob Adler and later, producer, Lew Leslie. Her debut in vaudeville was in Scranton, Pennsylvania at the age of 15 and she debuted in big-time vaudeville at Hammerstein\'s Theatre in New York in 1911. As a singer and actress, she established her name in vaudeville as \"The Ragtime Singer.\" Baker is one of the Palace headliners who performed there numerous times. Her Palace debut was in 1913, when she sang the song, \"Cohen Owes Me Ninety-Seven Dollars.\" Following vaudeville she appeared on Broadway and on the radio.
Josephine Baker June 3, 1906 April 12, 1975 American Baker debuted as a chorus girl in vaudeville and in the revues *Shufflin\' Along*, *The Chocolate Dandies*, and *Runnin\' Wild*. Following that she left the US to become a dancer and singer in the cabarets and nightclubs of Paris.
Phil Baker 324 August 1896 December 1, 1963 American Pianist, accordionist and comedian who began in a double act with Ben Bernie on violin. Originally a serious musical act, over time it developed comic elements. Following their split, both comedians became successful in their own right. Baker headlined at the Palace in 1930 and 1931. He later enjoyed a career on Broadway in musicals and later radio.
Balasis family acrobatic act Acrobats performing in vaudeville, variety shows and circuses in Europe, US, and Canada from c.1900 - 1930
Nikita Balieff c\. 1877 September 3, 1936 Armenian Singer, dancer, actor, monologist and impresario of the Chauve-Souris comedy troupe.
Ernest Ball July 21, 1878 May 3, 1927 American Accompanist, singer and songwriter known for writing sentimental ballads, usually with Irish themes such as \"When Irish Eyes Are Smiling.\" Ball appeared at the Palace in 1923 and 1926 and died the next year in his dressing room at the Yost Theatre in Santa Ana, California while on tour with his singing group, \"Ernie Ball and His Gang.\"
Barbette December 9, 1904 August 5, 1975 American After seeing an aerialist in a circus, Vander Clyde or Van der Clyde (his real name) desired to become one. He responded to an ad in *Billboard* for the Alfaretta Sisters, an aerial act, who were looking for a replacement member. He began dressing as a female on their encouragement and continued to do so after leaving the act. In 1923, he traveled to Britain and then Paris, where he became the talk of the town. He toured Europe and returned to the US to continue in vaudeville. Following his stage career, Barbette continued to work with performers for various circuses.
Ben Bard January 26, 1893 May 17, 1974 American Comedian, in a duo with Jack Pearl.
Wilkie Bard March 19, 1870 March 5, 1944 British Comedian and singer.
Reginald Barlow June 17, 1866 July 6, 1943 American Actor and minstrel. Appeared at the age of 9 with the minstrel troupe of Barlow, Wilson, Primrose and West. Later he became a film actor.
The Barrison Sisters Swedish Five sisters who performed risqué songs and dances. The sisters were Lona, Sophia, Inger, Olga and Gertrude Barrison.
Mr. and Mrs. Jimmy Barry American Married couple who performed as a comedy duo
Ethel Barrymore August 15, 1879 June 18, 1959 American Actress who appeared in \"tab\" versions of her hits in the legitimate theatre as well as one-act plays. Barrymore\'s debut in vaudeville was in the one-act play, *Civilization* by Richard Harding Davis at the Palace Theatre the week of April 28, 1913. In 1914, Barrymore toured in *Drifted Apart* and later toured the Oprheum circuit in J. M. Barrie\'s *The Twelve Pound Look* with a salary of \$3000 a week. *The Twelve Pound Look* played the Palace, June 1921 and in September and December 1926.
John Barrymore February 14, 1882 May 29, 1942 American Actor, Appeared in a sketch called, *His Wedding Morn{{\'-}}*, caused a sensation on Broadway in *Justice* and later for his portrayals of Hamlet and Richard III.
Lionel Barrymore April 28, 1878 November 15, 1954 American Actor from the legitimate stage who appeared in a sketch of Bartley Campbell\'s play, *The White Slave*, with Doris Rankin. He also toured in *The Still Voice* in 1914.
Maurice Barrymore September 21, 1849 March 26, 1905 British Actor on the \"legitimate stage\", Barrymore made his vaudeville debut in a one-act version of Augustus Thomas\' play, *A Man of the World*, and headlined many other sketches.
Charles Barton 1902 1981 American Actor.
Eileen Barton November 24, 1929 June 27, 2006 American Sang \"Ain\'t Misbehavin\'\" in her parents vaudeville act at the age of 2 in Kansas City, Missouri. At the age of 3½, Barton appeared at the Palace as part of Ted Healy\'s routine. Barton later became a noted popular music singer.
James Barton November 1, 1890 February 19, 1962 American Comic dancer who made his stage debut at the age of 2. Barton appeared in vaudeville at the age of 4, working steadily in stock and repertory theatre as well. His New York stage debut was in *The Passing Show of 1919* and from there on he appeared in many musicals during the 1920s, appearing in vaudeville between roles.
Billy Barty October 25, 1924 December 23, 2000 American Diminutive, juvenile actor, Barty originally appeared in film. He appeared in vaudeville with his sisters in an act called \"Billy Barty and His Sisters\", where he played the drums and did impressions. Later, Barty founded two service organizations for people with dwarfism.
Count Basie August 21, 1904 April 26, 1984 American Pianist, bandleader and composer. Before the age of 20, Basie was touring on the Keith circuit and later, the Columbia Burlesque and T. O. B. A. circuits as a pianist, accompanist and musical director for singers, dancers and comedians.
Blanche Bates August 25, 1873 December 25, 1941 American Actress of the legitimate stage who appeared at the Palace in December 1918 in *The World Mother.* Additionally, she would play vaudeville houses in between engagements. Bates debuted in 1897 with Augustin Daly\'s company later working with David Belasco.
Clayton \"Peg Leg\" Bates October 11, 1907 December 6, 1998 American Rhythm tap dancer with only one leg.
Warner Baxter March 29, 1889 May 7, 1951 American Actor. Later won the 1929 Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as the Cisco Kid in the film *In Old Arizona*.
Nora Bayes October 8, 1880 June 19, 1928 American Singer and comedian who toured with her husband, Jack Norworth from 1908 to 13. She introduced such standards as \'Shine on Harvest Moon\' and Cohan\'s \'Over There.\'
Beverly Bayne November 11, 1894 August 18, 1982 American Actress with her husband, Francis X. Bushman. Bayne and Bushman, following successful careers in silent films, appeared at the Palace in a comedy sketch, *Poor Rich Man*. The couple toured vaudeville throughout the 1920s. Unable to revive her film career in the late 1920s, following her divorce from Bushman, Bayne worked the rest of her life onstage.
Ruth Virginia Bayton November 11, 1894 August 18, 1982 American Entertainer and actress.
George Beauchamp 1899 1941 American Violin and steel lap guitar player. Beauchamp developed the first commercially available electric guitar.
George Beban 1873 October 5, 1928 American Known for his Italian characters. Beban began playing French characters but once he began working in film, he played Italian characters. His initial act involved recitation of a poem called, \"Mia Rosa.\" Beban created a one-act play from the poem, *The Sign of the Rose*, in which he toured vaudeville for seven years. A full-length version, also by Beban, premiered at the Garrick Theatre in New York in 1911. Beban signed with silent film director and producer, Thomas Ince, after his work in vaudeville and appeared in a number of films including a version of *The Sign of the Rose* called *The Alien.*
Martin Beck 1867 November 16, 1940 Austrian-American Actor and later one of the top vaudeville theatre owners. \|
Digby Bell November 8, 1849 June 20, 1917 American Comic actor, Bell began his stagework as a singer, but eventually made his mark as a comedian. Bell was the leading comic in Lillian Russell\'s company and spent much of his later life in plays and vaudeville.
Rita Bell December 16, 1893 January 8, 1992 American A lyric soprano, Bell\'s vaudeville career included the B. F. Keith Circuit.
Robert Benchley September 15, 1889 November 21, 1945 American Actor and monologist.
Chief Bender May 3, 1883 May 22, 1954 American Former baseball player who did an act with Kathryn Pearl called *Learning the Game* by George Totten Smith with music by Arthur Behim.
Bennie Benjamin November 4, 1907 May 2, 1989 American Guitarist and banjo player with a number of bands, Benjamin would become a major songwriter following his work in vaude.
Le Roy Benjamin 1917 1997 American Built and performed with marionettes, later did voice impressions with Le Roy Brothers Marionettes.
Belle Bennett April 22, 1891 November 4, 1932 American Trapeze artist and later silent film actress, Bennett, following a career in vaudeville, entered film in 1916 and worked through the end of the age of silent films.
Richard Bennett 1870 1944 American Actor who appeared in a sketch from the play *The Common Man*.
Jack Benny February 14, 1894 December 26, 1974 American Comedian and actor, known for his comedic violin playing (a leftover from his stage routine) and for constantly presenting the idea that he is 39 years young. His radio and TV programs featured his wife Mary, comedian Don Wilson as announcer, and character actor Eddie Anderson as Benny\'s valet Rochester.
Irving Benson January 31, 1914 May 19, 2016 American Comedian and actor known for playing Sidney Spritzer, the wise-cracking heckler of fellow vaudevillian Milton Berle, and for being a frequent guest on *The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson*.
Alphonse Bergé July 12, 1885 June 23, 1980 English-American Noted for speedily dressing live models with bolts of fabric
Edgar Bergen February 16, 1903 September 30, 1978 American Ventrilogquist with his dummy, Charlie McCarthy.
Valerie Bergere February 8, 1867 September 16, 1938 French-born American Actress, headlined in vaudeville for 17 years
Sammy Berk c\. 1894 1983 American Novelty dancer.
Milton Berle July 12, 1908 March 27, 2002 American Comedian and actor, later known as \"Mr. Television\" for pulling in record numbers in TV\'s early days for his \"Texaco Star Theater\".
Irving Berlin May 11, 1888 September 22, 1989 American Musician and songwriter. Known for such songs as \"Alexander\'s Ragtime Band\", \"White Christmas\", \"Easter Parade\", \"There\'s No Business Like Show Business\", and \"God Bless America.\"
Sam Bernard June 5, 1863 May 16, 1927 British Actor, \"Dutch\" comedian and monologist known for his German characterizations. In 1885, Bernard toured the British music hall circuit later appearing at the Palace in January 1914 and March 1926.
Sarah Bernhardt October 23, 1844 March 26, 1923 French Actress, known as \"The Divine Sarah\" and \"The First Lady of the Theater\"
Ben Bernie May 30, 1891 October 20, 1943 American Violinist and comedian. Had an act with Phil Baker.
Joe Besser August 12, 1907 March 1, 1988 American Besser first began in show business as a song plugger and magician\'s assistant. He worked his way up to being a comedian and headlined with acts such as Olsen and Johnson. After appearing on radio, Besser appeared on film and was a member of the Three Stooges for two years.
Amelia Bingham March 20, 1869 September 1, 1927 American Actress of the \"legit\" stage, Bingham appeared in vaudeville at the Palace in July 1909 in *Big Moments from Great Plays*, which included excerpts from six plays. Bingham was discovered by a traveling actor while she was waiting tables in her father\'s hotel while on break from Ohio Wesleyan University. Following her Broadway debut in 1893, Bingham was noted for her sparkling performances in comedies and melodramas. In addition to her performances, Bingham also managed the Bijou Theatre in New York beginning in 1900 and organized her own stock company.
Billie Bird February 28, 1908 November 27, 2002 American Actress and comedian who was discovered in an orphanage. Bird toured with the group for some time before creating an act with another girl called, \"The King Sisters\" which toured the Keith-Orpheum circuit. After vaudeville began to fade, Bird toured in musicals and comedies and on the nightclub circuit. She also worked in film and on television.
Harry Blackstone Sr. September 27, 1885 November 16, 1965 American Magician.
J. Stuart Blackton January 5, 1875 August 13, 1941 British-American Stage cartoonist billed as Komikal Kartoonist in an act with his friends Albert E. Smith the Komikal Konjuror and Ronald A. Reader who operated a magic lantern.
Blake and Amber American Husband and wife comic duo composed of Winfield Blake and Maude Amber
Block and Sully American Husband and wife comic duo composed of Jesse Block (December 16, 1900 -- March 22, 1983) and Eve Sully (1902 -- August 7, 1990).
Joan Blondell August 30, 1909 December 25, 1979 American Actress. She joined her parents\' act at 3, leaving the act in 1926 for Broadway and later Hollywood.
Lew Bloom August 8, 1859 December 12, 1929 American Comic monologist and \"society tramp.\"
Ben Blue September 12, 1901 March 7, 1975 Canadian Comedian and dancer.
Ray Bolger January 10, 1904 January 15, 1987 American Dancer and actor known for his \"loose-limbed, comic\" dancing style. Appeared on Broadway in *On Your Toes* and *By Jupiter*. Best known film role is the Scarecrow in *The Wizard of Oz*.
Bessie Bonehill February 17, 1855 August 21, 1902 British Male impersonator, Bonehill first appeared on the American vaudeville in 1889. She worked heavily in the British music hall as well as playing the principal boy in British pantomimes.
Irène Bordoni January 16, 1895 March 19, 1953 French Chanteuse and musical theatre star. Bordoni\'s first appeared in the chorus at the Théâtre des Variétés in Paris at the age of 13. She traveled to the US and began appearing on the vaudeville and the Broadway stages in 1912. The following year she toured the Orpheum circuit with Melville Ellis in tow as both accompanist and costume designer. From 1915 to 28, Bordoni appeared in a number of Broadway musicals but in vaudeville in her spare time. She appeared at the Palace in May and November 1927 and September 1930. After her retirement, she made occasional appearances on Broadway before dying while on tour in the musical, *South Pacific*.
Luis Borromeo Filipino Also known as Borromeo Lou. A Filipino jazz pianist who performed at the Orpheum Circuit in the late 1910s. He returned to the Philippines in the 1920s where he popularized bodabil, a localized variant of vaudeville.
Boswell Sisters American Trio of singing sisters composed of Meldania \"Martha\" Boswell (1905--1958), Constance Foore \"Connee\" Boswell (December 3, 1907 -- October 11, 1976), and Helvetia George \"Vet\" Boswell (May 20, 1911 -- 1988).
Hobart Bosworth August 11, 1867 December 30, 1943 American Actor appearing in a sketch from the play *Sea Wolf*. Bosworth was already an accomplished stage actor having worked with the companies of McKee Rankin and Augustin Daly as well as with some of the leading ladies of the day. After contracting tuberculosis, Bosworth traveled west and became a leading man at the Belasco Theatre in Los Angeles, where he also founded the Hobart Bosworth Institute of Dramatic Arts. He entered silent films in 1909 and created Bosworth Incorporated in order to create feature films based on the works of Jack London. In 1917, Bosworth and Ethel Grey Terry, toured in a sketch of London\'s *Sea Wolf*.
Ray Bourbon 1893 July 19, 1971 American Female impersonator.
Eddie Bracken February 7, 1915 November 14, 2002 American Actor and comedian, started in films as a child and later appeared as comic foil in numerous feature films.
Hugh Bradley May 23, 1885 January 26, 1949 American Baseball player who appeared with the Boston Red Sox Quartette in 1912. The quartet included Buck O\'Brien, Marty Hale and Bill Lyons.
Nellie Breen c\. 1898 1986 American She appeared in a double act with Lester Allen.
El Brendel March 25, 1890 April 9, 1964 American Comedian.
Jay Brennan December 6, 1882 January 14, 1961 American Comedian. Played the \"straight man\" to Bert Savoy.
Walter Brennan July 25, 1894 September 21, 1974 American Actor.
Herbert Brenon January 13, 1880 June 22, 1958 American Had a comic duo with his wife, Helen Oberg. Later he was a Hollywood screenwriter.
Elizabeth Brice c\. 1885 1965 American When she performed in vaudeville with Charles King they were known as Brice and King.
Fanny Brice October 29, 1891 May 29, 1951 American Comedian and singer known for comedic songs, except for \"My Man\", and her portrayal of bratty Baby Snooks. The Ziegfeld Follies regular was famously portrayed by Barbra Streisand in *Funny Girl* and *Funny Lady*.
Lottie Briscoe April 19, 1883 March 21, 1950 American Starred in a 1919 vaudeville skit by George Kelly entitled *Mrs. Wellington\'s Surprise*
James Brockman December 8, 1886 May 22, 1967 American After beginning as a comedian in vaudeville, Brockman worked in musicals before settling in Hollywood as a songwriter.
Helen Broderick August 11, 1891 September 25, 1959 American Singer-comedian who made her stage debut in the chorus of the Ziegfeld Follies of 1907. After becoming a comedian, she developed a caustic, wisecracking style and appeared in both musical comedies and vaudeville. Later Broderick worked in Hollywood.
Harry Brooks September 20, 1895 June 22, 1970 American Pianist and songwriter.
Shelton Brooks May 4, 1886 September 6, 1975 American Singer, pianist and songwriter. Many of Brooks\' songs were composed for vaudeville singer, Sophie Tucker and among them, the song, \"Some of These Days\", which became one of Tucker\'s best known songs. Her 1911 recording of this song was selected in 2004 to be added to the National Recording Registry, ensuring its preservation in the Library of Congress.
Heywood Broun December 7, 1888 December 18, 1939 American Drama critic who worked as a monologuist in vaudeville and appearing at the Palace. Broun began working for the *New York Tribune* in 1912 and went to serve as the drama critic for the *New York World* from 1921 to 1928 and also as the drama editor for *Vanity Fair*.
Joe E. Brown July 28, 1892 July 6, 1973 American Comedian with the Bell Prevost Trio, Brown was often billed as \"The Corkscrew Kid.\" Brown made his screen debut in 1928 and quickly became one of the leading comedians in Hollywood and later on television, thanks in part to his mouth and yells. Among his best known film roles is the millionaire, Osgood Fielding, in the 1959 film, *Some Like It Hot*.
Nacio Herb Brown February 22, 1896 September 28, 1964 American Pianist and songwriter. Brown was accompanist to performer, Alice Doll, and toured with her on the Orpheum Circuit. Certainly one of his best known songs is \"Singin\' in the Rain\", which he wrote with lyricist, Arthur Freed.
Tom Brown June 3, 1888 March 25, 1958 American Trombonist and leader of Tom Brown\'s Band from Dixieland. Also put together the vaudeville band, the \"Five Rubes\" which disbanded shortly thereafter.
Bothwell Browne March 7, 1877 December 12, 1947 Danish Female impersonator with a brief career; headlined at the Palace in 1919.
Frank Browning 1882 1948 American Former baseball player who was in a quartet with 3 other baseball players around 1925. The three other singers were George Crable, Tom Dillon and Kid Gleason.
Peaches Browning June 23, 1910 August 23, 1956 American Actress, known best for her marriage at the age of 16 to Edward Browning, a 51-year-old real estate mogul. Shortly after their marriage, Peaches filed for divorce and her fame lead her to appear in vaudeville.
Tod Browning July 12, 1880 October 6, 1962 American Actor. Later a Hollywood director who directed *Dracula* and *Freaks*.
Harry Bulger 1872 April 14, 1926 American Actor and comedian who was one half of the duo Matthews and Bulger. Starred in several Broadway musicals.
Brox Sisters American Trio of singing sisters consisting of Dagmar Brock, born Josephine and later called Bobbe (1900 -- May 2, 1999), Kathleen, later known as Patricia (June 14, 1903 -- 1988), and Eunice, later called Lorayne (d. 1993).
Buck and Bubbles American Dance duo with Ford Lee \"Buck\" Washington (October 16, 1903 -- January 31, 1955) and John W. \"Bubbles\" Sublett (February 19, 1902 -- May 18, 1986).
John Bunny September 21, 1863 April 26, 1915 American Actor, comedians, and minstrel. Later a film star.
Neil Burgess 1846 1910 American Female impersonator, mostly playing elderly widows.
Smiley Burnette March 18, 1911 February 16, 1967 American Singer. Later worked with Gene Autry and performed onscreen in Westerns.
Burns and Allen American Comic duo consisting of George Burns (January 20, 1896 -- March 9, 1996) and his wife, Gracie Allen (July 26, 1895 -- August 27, 1964). Their radio and television shows proved their enduring popularity, thanks in part to Gracie\'s scatterbrained publicity stunts.
Pesach Burstein 1896 1986 Polish-American Actor, comedian and singer mostly in Yiddish vaudeville with his family. Burstein, his kids and his wife, Lillian Lux are profiled in the 2002 documentary, *The Komediant*.
Mae Busch June 18, 1891 April 19, 1946 Australian Actress and comedian who found success in American vaudeville and later appeared in a number of Laurel and Hardy films.
Francis X. Bushman January 10, 1883 August 23, 1966 American Actor who toured with his wife, actress Beverly Bayne. Following his initial silent film career in Hollywood, where he had become a matinee idol, Bushman and Bayne appeared at the Palace in the comedy sketch, *Poor Rich Man* in 1921 and toured various circuits throughout the 1920s. Bushman returned to Hollywood and continued work in film.
Butterbeans and Susie American Comic duo composed of Jodie Edwards (1895--1967) and his wife, Susie Hawthorne (1896--1963). Their act was composed of duets and comedy routines about marital troubles. The duo was active on the T. O. B. A. circuit.
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## C
Name Birth Death Nationality Performance notes Reference
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James Cagney July 17, 1899 March 30, 1986 American Actor, before winning an Oscar, Cagney dressed in drag for a comedy act with four other actors. After several other bit parts on the stage, Cagney was spotted by Al Jolson while appearing in the musical *Penny Arcade* and was soon signed to a Warner Bros. contract.
Marie Cahill February 7, 1870 August 23, 1933 American Singer and actress.
Cab Calloway December 25, 1907 November 18, 1994 American Musician and bandleader. Calloway headlined at the Palace in June 1931 and at the Loew\'s State Theatre in 1932. Most famous song is \"Minnie the Moocher\". \|
Emma Calvé August 15, 1858 January 6, 1942 French Operatic soprano.
Mrs. Patrick Campbell February 9, 1865 April 9, 1940 British Actress from the legitimate stage who appeared in vaudeville in *Expiation* (a Russian tragedy).
Judy Canova November 20, 1913 August 5, 1983 American Comedian and singer. Performed with her brother and sister in an act called the \"Three Georgia Crackers\" and later in an act called \"Annie, Judy & Zeke.\"
Eddie Cantor January 31, 1892 October 10, 1964 American Singer and comedian who often appeared in blackface. Appeared in various editions of the Ziegfeld Follies and Broadway musicals such as *Kid Boots* and *Whoopee!*.
Cardini 1894 November 11, 1975 Welsh Sleight-of-hand magician
Mutt Carey 1891 September 3, 1948 American Jazz trumpeter who toured the vaudeville circuits in 1917.
Leo Carrillo August 6, 1881 September 10, 1961 American Character actor.
Richard Carle July 7, 1871 June 28, 1941 American Comic actor who appeared in vaudeville in 1914 in *A Slice of Life* where he played Mr. Hyphen-Brown and in April 1915 in *If We Said What We Thought*. Carle debuted on the New York stage in 1891 and performed primarily in musicals until 1913 when he left the stage for vaudeville.
Alan Carney December 22, 1909 May 2, 1973 American Comic dialectician. Later worked on Broadway and in films of the 1940s where he was partnered with comic Wally Brown.
Georges Carpentier January 12, 1894 October 28, 1975 French Former boxer and song and dance man.
Harry Carroll November 28, 1892 December 26, 1962 American Songwriter, pianist and singer.
Suzette Carsell 1875 c1945 American Known as The Mother of the Accordion. Toured from 1916 to 1921 with the Peerless Trio as Anna Vincent with Thomas Francis Savage (Tom Rosa) and Bertha Mae DeCroteau (Mazie Berto)
Mrs. Leslie Carter June 10, 1862 November 13, 1937 American Actress of the legitimate stage who toured vaudeville in the role of Zaza, one of her most famous roles from the play by David Belasco.
Emma Carus March 18, 1879 November 18, 1927 German Singing comedian who first appeared in vaudeville at Proctor\'s 23rd Street Theatre in New York in 1894. From 1915 onwards, she performed mostly in vaudeville.
Diana Serra Cary October 26, 1918 February 24, 2020 American Juvenile actress billed as Baby Peggy. Following her film career, Baby Peggy worked in vaude, making \$1500 a week, but with the death of vaudeville, Baby Peggy\'s career was over as well.
Charlie Case 1858 1916 American Blackface singer and pioneering monologist.
Vernon and Irene Castle American (Irene) and British (Vernon) Ballroom dance team consisting of Vernon (May 2, 1887 -- February 15, 1918) and his wife, Irene (April 17, 1893 -- January 25, 1969). Introduced such dances as the foxtrot and tango to U.S. audiences.
Walter Catlett February 4, 1889 November 14, 1960 American Comedian who worked in vaudeville and on the legitimate stage before working in film.
Joseph Cawthorn March 29, 1868 April 17, 1959 American Minstrel and comedian, Joseph Cawthorn, made his stage debut at the age of 4 at Robinson\'s Music Hall in New York City. Later, he joined Haverly\'s Minstrels in 1872 and worked in vaudeville as a Dutch dialect comedian. He continued working in musical comedies and in 1926, made his screen debut.
Lon Chaney April 1, 1883 August 26, 1930 American Actor, \"the Man of a Thousand Faces\" later scared moviegoers after years in vaudeville houses in films such as *The Hunchback of Notre Dame* and *The Phantom of the Opera*.
Anna Chang April 21, 1910 Chinese-American Actor and Singer. Began singing on the stage at the age of six. Active from the 1920 - 1940\'s. She was billed as \"The Chinese Songbird of San Francisco,\" \"The Chinese Princess of Song\" and \"The Chinese Star of Syncopation. Featured in a singing duet with Hatsu Kuma in the film \"Two Little Chinese Maids\" (1929).
Charlie Chaplin April 16, 1889 December 25, 1977 British-American Actor and comedian, toured the US with the Fred Karno troupe in 1910 and 1912--1913 before being signed by Mack Sennett the following year.\|
Chaz Chase 1902 August 4, 1983 American Comedian whose act was to seemingly eat all manner of inedible objects, such as matches and paper (in reality he would turn upstage and spit them into his oversized top hat).
Dave Chasen July 18, 1898 June 16, 1973 Russian-American Comedian who worked with Joe Cook.
Doc Cheatham June 13, 1905 June 2, 1997 American Trumpeter, singer and bandleader who toured T. O. B. A. working in bands accompanying blues singers.
Cherry Sisters American An act consisting of five sisters, Addie, Effie, Ella, Elizabeth and Jessie Cherry who sang, danced and acted. It was known as the worst act in vaudeville and audiences often attended to hurl produce and catcalls at them.
Albert Chevalier March 21, 1861 July 10, 1923 British British music hall actor and comedian.
Frank Christian September 3, 1887 November 27, 1973 American Trumpeter.
Chung Hwa Four Chinese Singing quartet. Members included E. A. Donsang, L. Alaaron, James Oh Chung and H. K. Liang. Performed as the Chong Hwa Three after Alaaron left the group.
Ching Ling Foo 1854 1922 Chinese Magician.
Chung Ling Soo April 2, 1861 March 24, 1918 American Magician.
Paul Cinquevalli June 30, 1859 July 14, 1918 German Juggler.
Ina Claire October 15, 1893 February 21, 1985 American Singer-comedian Ina Claire made her vaudeville debut in 1907 impersonating Harry Lauder. Her first appearance on the musical stage was in 1911 and she debuted at the Palace Theatre in 1915. She toured vaudeville on the Orpheum, Keith and Proctor circuits and appeared in the Ziegfeld Follies of 1915 and 1916. She continued on the stage in musical comedies.
Bobby Clark June 16, 1888 February 12, 1960 American Comedian. Member, with Paul McCullough, of the comic team of Clark and McCullough.
Bessie Clayton 1878 July 21, 1948 American Dancer.
Loretta Clemens Tupper May 6, 1906 September 17, 1990 American Singer and musician, performed with her brother Jack Clemens.
Stanley Clements July 16, 1926 October 16, 1981 American Actor and comedian.
Laddie Cliff September 13, 1891 December 8, 1937 British Eccentric dancer.
Kathleen Clifford February 16, 1887 December 28, 1962 American Male impersonator billed as \"The Smartest Chap in Town\" who appeared in a top hat, tails and a monocle. Clifford\'s first appearance on the legitimate stage came in 1903 in the musical comedy, *The Girl from Kay\'s.* She worked in film from 1917 to 1928 returning to vaudeville in the 1930s.
Herbert Clifton October 19, 1885 September 26, 1947 British Female impersonator and singer
Maggie Cline January 1, 1857 June 11, 1934 American Irish American singer whose vigorous persona and hearty performances of Irish songs made her an immensely popular figure in the heyday of the vaudeville stage.
E. E. Clive August 28, 1879 June 6, 1940 British Actor.
June Clyde December 2, 1909 October 1, 1987 American Actress, singer and dancer billed as \"Baby Tetrazini.\" Clyde began working in vaudeville at the age of seven progressing to stage musicals and eventually appearing in films in 1929.
Ty Cobb December 18, 1886 July 17, 1961 American Former baseball player.
Imogene Coca November 18, 1908 June 2, 2001 American Comedian who was born into a showbiz family. Coca\'s first stagework came at the age of 11 as a dancer and she worked in nightclubs and vaudeville houses before being discovered as a comedian. In the 1950s, Coca began work on television with comedian, Sid Caesar. Her work in TV spanned decades. {{cite news
Ann Codee March 5, 1890 May 18, 1961 Belgian Comedian who toured with her husband, Frank Orth. Their act toured the world and could be performed in 5 languages.
Cole and Johnson American Singing and dancing duo consisting of Bob Cole (July 1, 1869 -- August 2, 1911) and J. Rosamond Johnson (August 11, 1873 -- November 11, 1954).
Michael Coleman 1889 1945 Irish Irish fiddler.
Charles \"Honi\" Coles April 2, 1911 November 12, 1992 American Tap dancer.
Lottie Collins 1866 May 1, 1910 British Singer-comedian. Most well known for popularizing the song, \"Ta-Ra-Ra-Boom-De-Ay!.\"
Pinto Colvig September 11, 1892 October 3, 1967 American Comedian, the voice of Goofy in Disney cartoons and was the first Bozo the Clown.
Chester Conklin January 11, 1886 October 11, 1971 American Comedian and actor. Later worked as one of Mack Sennett\'s Keystone Cops and appeared in some of Charlie Chaplin\'s films.
Conlin and Glass October 14, 1884 May 7, 1962 American Comic duo consisting of Jimmy Conlin (October 14, 1884 -- May 7, 1962) and his wife, Myrtle Glass.
Jackie Coogan October 26, 1914 March 1, 1984 American Child actor, best known as Charlie Chaplin\'s sidekick in *The Kid* and (as an adult) as Uncle Fester on TV\'s *The Addams Family*. The infamous Coogan Law is named after him.
Elisha Cook Jr. December 26, 1902 May 18, 1995 American Actor. Cook first appeared onstage at the age of 14 and worked onstage in stock theatre, vaudeville and Broadway. His first film appearance was in 1929.
Joe Cook 1890 May 16, 1959 American Born Joseph Lopez, Joe Cook first appeared in vaudeville in a juggling act with his brother, billed as \"The Juggling Kids.\" He made one of his first solo appearances in July 1907 at Proctor\'s 125th Street Theatre, New York. He began incorporating comedy, props and monologues into his act and on January 2, 1922, he played the Palace. Following vaudeville, Cook appeared on Broadway and was heard on the radio.
Baldwin Cooke March 10, 1888 December 31, 1953 American Actor who toured vaudeville with his wife, Alice and Stan Laurel.
John W. Cooper 1873 1966 American Ventriloquist with his dummy, Sam Jackson.
James \"Gentleman Jim\" J. Corbett September 1, 1866 February 18, 1933 American Former boxer
Maurice Costello February 22, 1877 October 30, 1950 American Actor and comedian.
Willie Covan 1896 May 7, 1989 American Tap dancer.
Ida Cox February 25, 1896 November 10, 1967 American Blues singer who toured in vaudeville from 1923 to 1929. One of the bandmembers accompanying her was Earl Palmer.
Joseph E. Coyne March 27, 1867 February 17, 1941 American Comedian/Dancer/Actor active on the music hall circuit from roughly 1884--1894 as half of the duo \' \' Evans and Coyne \' \' with actor Frank Evans. Transitioned to legitimate theater in 1895.
Henry Creamer June 21, 1879 October 14, 1930 American Singer and songwriter.
Will Cressy October 20, 1863 May 7, 1930 American Actor and writer.
Crumit and Sanderson American Husband and wife singing duo with Frank Crumit (September 26, 1888 -- September 7, 1943) and Julia Sanderson (August 20, 1887 -- January 27, 1975).
Pauline Curley December 19, 1903 December 16, 2000 American From the age of 7, Curley appeared onstage, including in vaudeville, where she was a singer and dancer. From 1915 to 1928, Curley appeared in silent films.
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## D
Name Birth Death Nationality Performance notes Reference
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Dan Dailey December 4, 1913 October 16, 1978 American Dancer, singer and actor.
Peter F. Dailey 1868 1908 American Comedian, one of the members of the popular act, \"The American Four.\" His debut on the legitimate stage was with the Howard Atheneum Company. Later, he appeared with Weber and Fields.
Dainty Marie November 6, 1886 April 2, 1960 American Marie Meeker, aerial performer in both vaudeville and circus.
Dorothy Dalton September 22, 1893 April 13, 1972 American Actress.
Viola Dana June 28, 1897 July 3, 1987 American Actress. Before she worked in silent films, Dana worked extensively on the legitimate stage. Her first foray into vaudeville was in a playlet called *There Goes the Bride* which received bad reviews. She tried her hand at vaudeville again with a sketch by Anita Loos called, *The Inkwell*, supported by Edward Arnold which did much better.
The Dancing Cansinos Spanish A family Spanish dancing act, The Dancing Cansinos included Eduardo Cansino, Sr. (March 2, 1895 -- December 24, 1968), his wife, Volga Hayworth (1900 -- February 5, 1945), daughter Rita Hayworth (October 17, 1918 -- May 14, 1987), and son, Eduardo, Jr. (October 13, 1919 -- March 11, 1974).
Cow Cow Davenport April 23, 1894 December 12, 1955 American A Boogie-woogie and Piano Blues player as well as Vaudeville entertainer. Davenport\'s first fame came as accompanist to blues musicians Dora Carr and Ivy Smith. Davenport and Carr had a Vaudeville act as *Davenport & Co*.
Marion Davies January 3, 1897 September 23, 1961 American Actress and comedian. Davies appeared as a \'comic\' chorine in vaudeville as well as the Ziegfeld Follies of 1916.
Reine Davies June 6, 1886 April 5, 1938 American Singer and actress.
Benny Davis August 21, 1895 December 20, 1979 American Pianist, singer and songwriter.
Joan Davis June 29, 1907 May 22, 1961 American Actress and comedian.
Sammy Davis Jr. December 8, 1925 May 16, 1990 American Dancer and singer, performed with his father and uncle as \"The Will Maston Trio\". As an adult, he became one of the most celebrated entertainers of his time and a member of the infamous Rat Pack with Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin.
Sammy Davis Sr. December 12, 1900 May 21, 1988 American Dancer. Father of Sammy Davis, Jr.
Hazel Dawn March 23, 1890 August 28, 1988 American Musical comedy actress. Dawn debuted in vaudeville at New York\'s Alhambra Theatre in 1923 in a sketch called, *The Pink Lady*. She appeared at the Palace in January 1924 in a playlet called, *The Land of Love* by Edgar Allen Woolf. Additionally, Dawn appeared in 11 feature films for the Famous Players Film Company between 1914 and 1917.
Mlle. Dazie September 16, 1884 August 12, 1952 American Toe-dancer. Dazie\'s first appearance in vaudeville was as \"Le Domino Rouge\" in an act where she wore a red mask. After she got rid of the mask, she was billed as \"Mlle. Dazie\" and it was under this name that she appeared in the Ziegfeld Follies. She toured the Keith circuit in a ballet panotmime, *L\'Amour d\'Artiste* and headlined the Palace in 1917 in another ballet pantomime directed by Herbert Brenon.
Vaughn De Leath September 26, 1896 May 28, 1943 American Actress and singer.
Dizzy Dean January 16, 1910 July 17, 1974 American Former baseball player.
Bertha Mae DeCroteau May 30, 1889 July, 1968 American Toured from 1910 to 1912 as Savage & De Croteau with husband Thomas Francis Savage and 1916--1921 with the Peerless Trio with Thomas Francis Savage and Suzette Carsell, The Mother of the Accordion
Carter DeHaven October 5, 1886 July 20, 1977 American Comedian.
Guido Deiro September 1, 1886 July 26, 1950 Italian-American piano-accordionist
Dorothy Dell January 30, 1915 June 28, 1934 American Singer and dancer in a duo with Allan Mann.
William Demarest February 27, 1892 December 28, 1983 American Comedian and later character actor, popular in Hollywood in the 1940s and 1950s, best known as \"Uncle Charlie\" on the TV sitcom My Three Sons.
Bernardo De Pace March 31, 1881 1966 Italian Actor, musician and comedic vaudeville entertainer of the 1920s, billed as \"the Wizard of the Mandolin\".
Gaby Deslys September 4, 1881 February 11, 1920 French Singer and dancer.
Elliott Dexter March 29, 1870 November 21, 1949 American Actor. Later worked in silent films.
William Dillon November 6, 1877 February 10, 1966 American Singer and songwriter.
Henry E. Dixey January 6, 1859 February 25, 1943 American Actor, dancer and comedian.
Lew Dockstader 1856 October 26, 1924 American Comedian and minstrel.
Dolly Sisters Hungarian-American Twin sisters, Rosie and Jenny (October 25, 1892 -- May 1, 1941 Jenny and 1 January 1970 Rosie) who had a dance act.
Hessie Donahue 1874 1961 American Female stunt boxer and first person to knock out John L. Sullivan.
Jack Donahue December 29, 1888 October 1, 1930 American Dancer, singer and actor. Worked with his wife, Alice Stewart, as Donahue & Stewart.
Kitty Doner September 6, 1895 August 26, 1988 American Male impersonator and dancer. Of the male impersonators in vaude, Doner was the best known American-born male \"imp\". She was the first male impersonator to play the Palace, in 1919 and she played there again in May 1926.
Mike Donlin May 30, 1878 September 24, 1943 American Former major league baseball player who entered vaudeville after marrying an actress, Mabel Hite. Acted in a one-act play, *Stealing Home* and later worked as a comedian with Tom Lewis.
Red Dooin July 12, 1879 May 12, 1952 American Baseball player who appeared in vaudeville first with a singing act and a singing and talking act with Dumon\'s Minstrels in Philadelphia, 1910.
Fifi D\'Orsay April 16, 1907 December 2, 1982 Canadian Singer and Comedian.
Billie Dove May 4, 1901 December 31, 1998 American Ziegfeld girl in the Follies of 1917 and 1918. Later, Dove appeared in films and was a mistress of Howard Hughes.
Eddie Dowling December 9, 1894 February 18, 1976 American Actor and singer.
Johnny Downs October 10, 1913 June 6, 1994 American Child actor who appeared in the *Our Gang* series of shorts along with several feature films. Following his film work, he appeared in vaudeville in the early 1930s.
Thomas Nelson Downs March 16, 1867 September 1938 American Magician specializing in coin tricks.
Louise Dresser October 5, 1878 April 24, 1965 American Singer and actress.
Marie Dressler November 9, 1869 July 28, 1934 Canadian Actress and comedian, who later found greater fame in movies such as *Min and Bill* and *Dinner at Eight*.
Dorothy Drew American Comedic actress.
Mr. and Mrs. Sidney Drew American Husband and wife comic team with Sidney (August 28, 1868 -- April 9, 1919) and Gladys Rankin Drew (c. 1874 -- January 9, 1914).
Dave Dreyer September 22, 1894 1967 American Pianist and songwriter.
Duffy and Sweeney American Knockabout comedy act consisting of James Terence Duffy (1889 -- March 30, 1939) and Frederick Chase Sweeney (1894 -- December 10, 1954).
Margaret Dumont October 20, 1882 March 6, 1965 American Actress and singer, best known as the comic foil for the Marx Brothers, performed under the name \"Daisy Dumont\" before entering motion pictures.
Duncan Sisters American Singing sister act composed of Vivian (June 17, 1899 -- September 19, 1986) and Rosetta Duncan (November 23, 1896 -- December 4, 1959).
James Dunn November 2, 1905 September 3, 1967 American Actor.
Jack Durant April 12, 1905 January 7, 1984 American Acrobat and comedian.
Jimmy Durante February 10, 1893 January 29, 1980 American Comedian and actor, known for his huge nose.
Walter Dyett January 11, 1901 November 17, 1969 American Violinist and conductor of vaudeville pit orchestras. Following his work in vaudeville, Dyett became a noted music educator working at Chicago\'s DuSable High School. As a music teacher and director of school ensembles, Dyett influenced many up-and-coming jazz, blues and rock musicians.
Jacqueline Dyris Belgian Dancer.
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## E
Name Birth Death Nationality Performance notes Reference
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Charles Eaton June 22, 1910 August 15, 2004 American Actor.
Mary Eaton January 29, 1901 October 10, 1948 American Singer, dancer, actress and Ziegfeld girl.
Pearl Eaton August 1, 1898 September 10, 1958 American Singer, dancer, actress and Ziegfeld girl.
Buddy and Vilma Ebsen April 2, 1908 July 6, 2003 American Brother and sister dance duo. Buddy later became known to millions of TV viewers in the 1960s and 1970s playing Jed Clampett in *The Beverly Hillbillies* and playing the title role in *Barnaby Jones*.
Gertrude Ederle October 23, 1905 November 30, 2003 American Competitive swimmer and first woman to swim across the English Channel.
Cliff Edwards a.k.a. Ukulele Ike June 14, 1895 July 17, 1971 American Singer, ukulele player, minstrel, and musician. Later voiced Jiminy Cricket in *Pinocchio*.
Gus Edwards August 18, 1879 November 7, 1945 German-American Singer, songwriter and producer. Known for such songs as \"School Days\" and \"In My Merry Oldsmobile.\"
Kate Elinore December 2, 1876 December 30, 1924 American Singing comedian.
Duke Ellington April 29, 1899 May 24, 1974 American Musician and bandleader who toured the RKO circuit beginning in 1927, headlining at the Palace in 1930. Ellington is considered by many to be one of the founders of modern jazz music.
Elseeta 1883 February 23, 1903 American Barefoot toe dancer, known as the \'dancing marvel\'
Julian Eltinge May 14, 1881 March 7, 1941 American Female impersonator and actor.
June Elvidge June 30, 1893 May 1, 1965 American Actress.
Hope Emerson October 29, 1897 April 25, 1960 American Comedian known for her large build (6\'2\", 230 lbs.) who appeared in vaudeville and on Broadway in the 1920s and 1930s. Emerson began working in films in the early 1930s.
Knute Erickson May 27, 1873 December 31, 1945 American Swedish comedian.
Bert Errol August 11, 1883 November 28, 1949 British Female impersonator.
Leon Errol July 3, 1881 October 12, 1951 Australian Comedian.
Beatriz Escalona August 20, 1903 April 4, 1979 American Generally performed in Spanish, well known for the fast-talking underdog character La Chata Noloesca.
Ruth Etting November 23, 1896 September 24, 1978 American Singer and actress
James Reese Europe February 22, 1881 May 9, 1919 American Bandleader of the ragtime \"Society Orchestra\" which accompanied Vernon and Irene Castle in their ballroom dance act. After serving in World War I and becoming the director of the 369th Infantry Band, Europe (now Lieutenant Europe) toured France and American vaudeville with the band. During this US tour, he began incorporating jazz elements into the ragtime music the band played. It was during this same tour that he was stabbed in the neck by one of his band members.
Evan E. Evans and Helen Evans (née Hartz) American Married vaudeville performers Evan E. Evans (1889--1962) and Helen Hartz (1894--1974) toured the circuit until 1919. Later, they created \"The Four Evans - Two Generations of Dance\" with daughter Maryetta Evans (1912--2009) and son Lester Evans (1919--1989). The family toured from 1942 to 1960.
George \"Honey Boy\" Evans March 10, 1870 March 12, 1915 American Minstrel.
Lizzie Evans 1864 American Actress and comedian, who made her debut in 1881 at the Standard Theatre with an impersonation of Clip. She owned her own traveling company.
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## F
Name Birth Death Nationality Performance notes Reference
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Nanette Fabray October 27, 1920 February 22, 2018 American Singer and actress. Started out as a child singer in vaudeville.
Elinor Fair December 21, 1903 April 26, 1957 American Actress and one of the leading ladies of silent films. Fair made her start in vaudeville as well as musical comedies and stock companies.
Dustin Farnum May 27, 1874 July 3, 1939 American Singer, dancer and actor with his brother, William Farnum.
William Farnum July 4, 1876 June 5, 1953 American Singer, dancer and actor with his brother, Dustin Farnum.
Edward M. Favor August 29, 1856 January 10, 1936 American Singer and comedian.
Anna Eva Fay March 31, 1851 May 12, 1927 American Mind reader.
Elfie Fay 1881 September 18, 1927 American Comic singer.
Frank Fay November 17, 1897 September 25, 1961 American Comedian. Considered the \"father\" of modern stand-up comedy.
Alice Faye May 5, 1915 May 9, 1998 American Actress and singer. Faye\'s first professional appearance was as a singer and dancer at the age of 14. While appearing in George White\'s *Scandals*, Rudy Vallée spotted her and she later became a regular on his radio show. Faye became 20th Century Fox\'s biggest musical star before Betty Grable was hired in 1940.
Frank Faylen December 8, 1905 August 2, 1985 American Pantomimist, clown and song and dance man.
Louise Fazenda June 17, 1895 April 17, 1962 American Trapeze artist.
Betty Felsen June 9, 1905 November 30, 2000 American Dancer and teacher. Felsen began dance lessons at age 8 and was enrolled in the Pavley-Oukrainsky Ballet\'s school in 1916. Her first professional performance was in January 1917 at 11 years old. The Pavley-Oukrainsky Ballet merged into the Chicago Opera Association in 1917. Felsen joined its corps de ballet in 1919 and became a ballerina soloist in December 1920. She starred as the Infanta from December 1922 to February 1923 in productions of Adolph Bohm\'s ballet \"The Birthday of the Infanta\", in which Andreus Pavley and Serge Oukrainsky also danced. Felsen left the Chicago Opera in 1922 for a vaudeville career, which began with the production of \"Rainbo Trail\" at Chicago\'s Million Dollar Rainbo Room, in which Felsen and singer Ruth Etting had leading roles. Starting in the fall of 1923, Felsen and her new partner Jack Broderick, toured the U.S. and Canada in their headline act, Broderick & Felsen. In 1926 and 1927, Broderick & Felsen toured across the United States and Canada starring in two spectacular musical productions, first for about three months in Emil Boreo\'s "Mirage de Paris" followed by nine months in their own "Ballet Caprice". After Broderick left the act near the end of 1927, Felsen performed with her troupe as Betty Felsen & Company, appearing in June 1928 at Broadway\'s Palace Theater in New York City in the final performances of \"Ballet Caprice\". Felsen left vaudeville in November 1928 and owned performing arts schools, first in Worcester MA until 1932 and then in Cleveland OH until she retired in 1937.
Arthur Fields August 6, 1888 March 29, 1953 American Singer, songwriter and minstrel.
Benny Fields June 14, 1894 August 16, 1959 American Singer, minstrel, and actor.
Gracie Fields January 9, 1898 September 27, 1979 British Singer and comedian, considered of the greatest stars of the British music halls.
Sidney Fields February 5, 1898 September 28, 1975 American In a comedy team with Jack Greenman.
W. C. Fields January 29, 1880 December 25, 1946 American Legendary comedian and actor, who got his first show biz exposure by running away as a teenager and joining a circus as a juggler. Later on, Fields the comic appeared at the Palace not to mention several editions of the Ziegfeld Follies and George White\'s Scandals. His films, including *It\'s a Gift* and *The Bank Dick* incorporated many of his stage routines.
Flora Finch June 17, 1869 January 4, 1940 British-American Born into a music hall family, Finch also made a splash in American vaudeville, appearing at the palace in January 1922. The actress also appeared with John Bunny in many films.
Larry Fine October 5, 1902 January 24, 1975 American Actor, comedian, musician, and boxer.
Ella Fitzgerald April 25, 1917 June 15, 1996 American Singer, discovered after winning the Apollo Theater\'s amateur hour while still a teenager and worked the \"Chitlin Circuit\" (including the Cotton Club) with Chick Webb and his band before getting her first major record deal.
Bud Flanagan March 29, 1908 August 31, 1968 American Appeared in family\'s vaudeville act from infancy. Appeared later in films as Dennis O\'Keefe.
Jay C. Flippen March 6, 1898 February 3, 1971 American White and blackface comedian.
Henry Fonda May 16, 1905 August 12, 1982 American Actor who toured vaudeville with George A. Billings.
Evan-Burrows Fontaine October 3, 1898 December 27, 1984 American Interpretive dancer and Ziegfeld Follies performer.
Wallace Ford February 12, 1898 June 11, 1966 British Actor.
Four Cohans American Family comedy troupe consisting of father Jeremiah \"Jere\" Cohan (1848--1917), mother Helen \"Nellie\" Costigan Cohan (1854--1928), daughter Josephine \"Josie\" Cohan Niblo (1874--1916) and son George M. Cohan (3 or July 4, 1878 -- November 5, 1942).
Harry Fox May 25, 1882 July 20, 1959 American Dancer and comedian. Creator of the Fox Trot.
Imro Fox May 21, 1862 March 4, 1910 German-American Magician (The Comic Conjurer)
Eddie Foy March 9, 1856 February 16, 1928 American Comedian and singer.
Eddie Foy Jr. February 4, 1905 July 15, 1983 American Son of Eddie Foy and a member of his Seven Little Foys.
Irene Franklin June 13, 1876 June 16, 1941 American Singing comedian.
Sidney Franklin 1903 April 6, 1976 American Bullfighter.
William Frawley February 26, 1887 March 3, 1966 American Actor and comedian, later found greater fame as Fred Mertz on *I Love Lucy*
Arthur Freed September 9, 1894 April 12, 1973 American Singer and pianist, later known for writing hit songs with Nacio Herb Brown such as \"Singin\' in the Rain\" and \"You Were Meant for Me\" and for producing film musicals for MGM.
Kathleen Freeman February 17, 1919 August 23, 2001 American Danced at an early age in her parents\' vaudeville act.
Leopoldo Fregoli July 2, 1867 November 26, 1932 Italian Protean or quick-change artist.
Ford Frick December 19, 1894 April 8, 1978 American Sportswriter who appeared in vaude.
Trixie Friganza November 29, 1870 February 27, 1955 American Comedian and singer
Frankie Frisch September 9, 1897 March 12, 1973 American Former baseball player who appeared in vaude.
Joe Frisco November 4, 1889 February 12, 1958 American Dancer, minstrel and comedian.
Loie Fuller January 15, 1862 1 January 1929 American Dancer.
Will Fyffe February 16, 1885 December 14, 1947 Scottish Comedian and singer.
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## G
Name Birth Death Nationality Performance notes Reference
------------------------ -------------------------------- -------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------
Gallagher and Shean American (Gallagher) and German-American (Shean) Comic duo consisting of Edward Gallagher (1873 -- May 28, 1929) and Al Shean (May 12, 1868 -- August 12, 1949). They had one of the biggest comic hits of the 1920s with their self-named song \"Mister Gallagher and Mister Shean.\" Al Shean (real name Adolph Schönberg) was the uncle of The Marx Brothers
Maria Galvany 1878 1949 Spanish Coloratura soprano.
Tess Gardella 1898 January 3, 1950 American Performed as iconic blackface character \"Aunt Jemima\"
Judy Garland June 10, 1922 June 22, 1969 American Singer and actress, toured with two elder siblings as \"The Gumm Sisters\" (their maiden name) from the age of 2. While in Chicago to perform at the 1934 World\'s Fair and the Oriental Theater, emcee George Jessel suggested to change their last name to \"Garland\" to not get laughs from the audience. Young Frances was a big fan of Rudy Vallée\'s song \"Judy\" so that stuck as the first name. Older sister Jimmie ran off and married a bandleader after the girls returned home to Lancaster, California. Judy was signed to a contract by MGM shortly thereafter.
Paul Garner July 31, 1909 August 8, 2004 American Comedian.
William Gaxton December 2, 1893 February 2, 1963 American Actor.
Charlie Gehringer May 11, 1903 January 21, 1993 American Baseball player who appeared in vaudeville.
Gladys George September 13, 1904 December 8, 1954 American Toured with her family act, \"The Three Clares\", later called \"Little Gladys George and Company.\"
Sylvia Gerrish May 1860 December 8, 1906 American Musical comedy and light opera performer, known as the \"Girl with the Poetical Legs\"
George Gershwin September 26, 1896 July 11, 1937 American Pianist, songwriter and composer, Gershwin accompanied Nora Bayes and Louise Dresser. After his brief foray into vaudeville, Gershwin became one of the most celebrated American composers of the early 20th century.
Dorothy Gibson May 17, 1889 February 17, 1946 American Actress.
Ella Margaret Gibson September 14, 1894 October 21, 1964 American Actress.
Billy Gilbert September 12, 1894 September 23, 1971 American Comedian and actor known for his sneeze routines.
L. Wolfe Gilbert August 31, 1886 July 12, 1970 Russian-American Singer and songwriter.
Jack Gilford 1907 1990 American Actor and comedian.
Charles Sidney Gilpin November 20, 1878 May 6, 1930 American Actor.
Lottie Gilson January 2, 1862 June 10, 1912 American Soubrette and the first vaudevillian to use a singing stooge.
George Givot 1903 or c. 1901 June 7, 1984 American Greek dialect comedian
Billy Glason September 10, 1904 (uncertain) January 1985 American Singing comedian and monologist.
Frank Glazer February 19, 1915 January 13, 2015 American Pianist.
Madeline Gleason 1903 1979 American Singer and dancer.
Dorothy Glenton May 10, 1877 British Singer under the name \"Dainty Dorothy Glenton, The English Singing Soubrette\". Dorothy Glenton Kerr.
Elinor Glyn October 17, 1864 September 23, 1943 British Novelist and monologist (usually under her pen name \"Madame Glyn\"), coined the phrase \"It Girl\".
George Fuller Golden 1868 February 17, 1912 American Singer, dancer and monologist.
Horace Goldin December 17, 1867 August 22, 1939 Polish Magician, the first one to play the Palace in 1913.
Lefty Gomez November 26, 1908 February 17, 1989 American Former baseball player and monologist.
Nathaniel Carl Goodwin July 25, 1857 January 31, 1919 American Actor and comedian.
David Gorcey February 6, 1921 October 23, 1984 American Singer. Later he became a noted disc jockey.
Bert Gordon April 8, 1895 November 30, 1974 American Comedian.
Gorman Brothers American Entertainers and songwriters who often used local news stories to create songs for their act.
Mack Gordon June 21, 1904 March 1, 1959 American Actor, singer, and songwriter
Emmanuel Taylor Gordon 1893 1971 American Actor.
Morton Gould December 10, 1913 February 21, 1996 American Pianist.
Hank Gowdy August 24, 1889 August 1, 1966 American Former baseball player, singer and comedian.
Archie Leach January 18, 1904 November 29, 1986 British Toured the US with the Penders acrobatic troupe. Was a stilt-walker with the Loumas troupe and served as leading man to actress, Jean Dalrymple, in one-act plays. Also appeared with Fay Wray and Jeanette MacDonald in several musical flops. When signed by Paramount Pictures in 1931, he was told he looked like a \"Cary Grant\", so his name was changed.
Charles Grapewin December 20, 1869 February 2, 1956 American Actor and comedian, later known to millions of moviegoers as Dorothy\'s \"Uncle Henry\" in *The Wizard of Oz*.
Gilda Gray October 24, 1901 December 22, 1959 Polish-American Dancer who introduced the \"Shimmy\", a dance involving the shaking of the hips. Gray starred in the Ziegfeld Follies of 1922 and George White\'s Scandals. Later appeared at the Palace Theater as a headliner.
Gene Greene June 9, 1881 April 5, 1930 American Singer and composer.
Charlotte Greenwood June 25, 1890 December 28, 1977 American Dancer, actress, and comedian, known for her rubbery dance routines.
Griffin Sisters 1870s 1918 American African-American performers who started their own booking agency.
Arthur F. Griffith July 30, 1880 December 25, 1911 American Mathematical prodigy.
Larry Griswold September 17, 1905 August 24, 1996 American Acrobat and gymnast.
Grock January 10, 1880 July 14, 1959 Swiss Clown.
Yvette Guilbert January 20, 1865 February 2, 1944 French Chanteuse.
Texas Guinan January 12, 1884 November 5, 1933 American Singer and famed nightclub hostess.
Louise Gunning April 1, 1879 July 24, 1960 American Singer
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## H
Name Birth Death Nationality Performance notes Reference
----------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------
Jeanette Hackett 1898 August 16, 1979 American Dancer with Harry Delmar (September 9, 1892 -- August 29, 1954) in the duo Hackett and Delmar.
Joseph Paul Haggerty June 16, 1889 May 2, 1973 American Vaudeville actor, director and producer from New Orleans. Ran a travelling stock show called \'Haggerty Repertory\' during the WWI-Era. Boris Karloff briefly worked for Haggerty in 1918. He settled in North Hollywood and became a pastor at a spiritual Unity Church.
Jack Haley August 10, 1898 June 6, 1979 American Actor and comedian.
Adelaide Hall October 20, 1904 November 7, 1993 American - dual British (by marriage) Singer, actress, dancer, musician. Hall commenced her career on Broadway in 1921 in *Shuffle Along* and was featured in *Runnin\' Wild*, and starred in *Desires of 1927*, *Blackbirds of 1928*, as well as being a big-name headlining act in her own right in variety/vaudeville and on the RKO and T. O. B. A. theatrical circuits across the USA during the late 1920s and early 1930s before heading to Europe where she continued her successful career. Hall was honoured by Guinness World Records as being the world\'s longest recording artist in the 20th Century.
Nan Halperin 1898 May 30, 1963 Russian-American Singer and comedian
Walter Hampden June 30, 1879 June 11, 1955 American Actor.
Hunter Hancock 1916 August 4, 2004 American Singer. Later he became a noted disc jockey.
Lou Handman September 10, 1894 December 9, 1956 American Pianist and songwriter.
W. C. Handy November 16, 1873 March 28, 1958 American Musician and composer known as \"The Father of the Blues.\"
Fred Haney April 25, 1896 November 9, 1977 American Former baseball player.
Poodles Hanneford 1892 December 9, 1967 British Clown and bareback horse rider
Theodore Hardeen March 4, 1876 June 12, 1945 Hungarian Magician and escape artist; Harry Houdini\'s brother.
Oliver Hardy January 18, 1882 August 7, 1957 American Was briefly a singer in Vaudeville in Florida in 1913 before entering films. Was teamed with Stan Laurel at Roach Studios forming Laurel and Hardy in the late 1920s.
Otis Harlan December 29, 1865 January 21, 1940 American Actor, minstrel, and comedian. Appeared in a burlesque called *Hell* by Renold Wolf in the first show at New York City\'s Folies Bergère, April 16, 1911.
Ben Harney March 6, 1872 March 2, 1938 American Pianist, singer and songwriter.
Harrigan and Hart American Comic duo composed of Edward Harrigan (October 26, 1844 -- June 6, 1911) and Tony Hart (July 25, 1855 -- November 4, 1891).
Marion Harris April 4, 1896 April 23, 1944 American Singer.
Mildred Harris November 29, 1901 July 20, 1944 American Harris began as a juvenile actress in vaudeville, burlesque, on the legit stage and on film where she appeared at the age of 9. Later Charlie Chaplin\'s first wife, she appeared in a playlet, *Getting the Money* at the Royal Theatre in New York in February 1922.
Joseph Hart June 8, 1861 October 3, 1921 American Vaudeville actor, singer, songwriter and producer. Teamed up with Carrie De Mar and later married her.
Mark Hart c\. 1873 November 25, 1950 American Actor and singer. Nephew of Tony Hart who began his career as a teenager performing with Harrison & Hart before starring in Broadway musicals.
Hartman and Hartman American Comedy dance team with Paul (March 1, 1904 -- October 2, 1973) and his wife, Grace Hartman (January 7, 1907 -- August 8, 1955)
Morton Harvey 1886 1961 American Singer.
Loney Haskell 1870 October 20, 1933 American Monologist.
June Havoc November 8, 1916 March 28, 2010 American Actress and dancer (as \"Baby June\"). Sister of Gypsy Rose Lee.
Mary Hay August 22, 1901 June 4, 1957 American Ziegfeld girl and musical comedy actress
George \'Gabby\' Hayes May 7, 1885 February 9, 1969 American Actor who appeared in vaudeville before entering films in the 1920s where he was seen mostly in Westerns.
Grace Hayes August 23, 1895 February 1, 1989 American Singer, mother of Peter Lind Hayes.
Helen Hayes October 10, 1900 March 17, 1993 American Actress, known as the \"First Lady of the Stage\". Started appearing in vaudeville while still a child in \"tab\" versions of popular plays.
Peter Lind Hayes June 25, 1915 April 21, 1998 American Actor, singer, minstrel, and son of vaudevillian Grace Hayes.
Rita Hayworth October 17, 1918 May 14, 1987 American Dancer in her family\'s Spanish dancing act, The Dancing Cansinos led by her father, Eduardo Cansino, Sr.
Ted Healy October 1, 1896 December 21, 1937 American Comedian, minstrel, dancer and singer.
Henry \"Crip\" Heard November 11, 1924 September 11, 1991 American African-American professional dancer; double amputee with only one leg and one arm.
Lew Hearn February 15, 1882 February 1965 Polish Comedian.
Hy Heath 1890 1965 American Comedian and songwriter.
Millicent Hearst July 16, 1882 December 5, 1974 American Performer until she became the wife of William Randolph Hearst.
Horace Heidt May 21, 1901 December 1, 1986 American Pianist and bandleader of the band, \"Horace Heidt and His Musical Knights\".
Anna Held March 8, 1872 August 12, 1918 Polish Actress and singer. First wife of Florenz Ziegfeld, who produced most of her sketches and plays.
Edith Helena 1876 1956 American Singer with a voice spanning four octaves, which also enabled her to perform violin imitations.
Percy Helton January 31, 1894 September 11, 1971 American Appeared in his father\'s vaudeville act at the age of 2.
Fletcher Henderson December 18, 1897 December 28, 1952 American Pianist, bandleader and composer at one time teamed with Eubie Blake. Henderson later toured with Ethel Waters from 1921 to 1922.
Ray Henderson December 1, 1896 December 31, 1970 American Singer, dancer, songwriter
Herschel Henlere December 14, 1890 January 13, 1968 Canadian Pianist and comedian.
Beatrice Herford 1868 1952 British-American Monologist.
Lillian Herlein March 11, 1895 April 13, 1971 American Actress and singer, better known for display of her figure than for the quality of her performances.
Al Herman 1886 July 2, 1967 American Blackface comedian.
Woody Herman May 16, 1913 October 29, 1987 American Clarinetist, saxophonist, singer and bandleader.
Juano Hernández July 19, 1901 July 17, 1970 Puerto Rican Originally a boxer, Hernández quit the sport in the early 1920s and worked in traveling and minstrel shows, circuses and in vaudeville before entering film.
Alexander Herrmann billed as \"The Great Herrmann\" February 11, 1844 December 11, 1896 German Magician. Upon his death, Herrmann\'s wife, Adelaide (1854--1932) took over his act.
Art Hickman June 13, 1886 1930 American Bandleader.
Hildegarde February 1, 1906 July 29, 2005 American Singer.
Bertha \"Chippie\" Hill March 15, 1905 May 7, 1950 American Blues singer. Initially Hill appeared on the T. O. B. A. circuit as a singer and dancer with the Rabbit Foot Minstrels.
Daisy and Violet Hilton February 5, 1908 January 6, 1969 British Conjoined twins.
Raymond Hitchcock October 22, 1865 November 24, 1929 American Monologist.
Florence Hines Unknown March 10, 1924 American Singer and male impersonator.
Raymond Hitchcock October 22, 1865 November 24, 1929 American Monologist.
Mabel Hite May 30, 1883 October 22, 1912 American Comedian and musical comedy actress
Gertrude H. Hoffman 1885 1966 American Interpretive dancer.
Ernest Hogan 1859 May 20, 1909 American Blackface comedian billed as \"the Unbleached American.\" Credited with the creation of the \"coon\" song and as one of the creators of ragtime music.
Fay Holderness April 16, 1881 May 13, 1963 American Actress.
Taylor Holmes May 16, 1878 September 30, 1959 American Light actor.
Lou Holtz April 11, 1893 September 22, 1980 American Comedian, minstrel, and dialectical singer.
Bob Hope May 29, 1903 July 27, 2003 British-American Actor and comedian.
DeWolf Hopper March 30, 1858 September 23, 1935 American Actor and comedian, known for his recitations of the poem, *Casey at the Bat.*
Edna Wallace Hopper January 17, 1874 December 14, 1959 American Actress.
Edward Everett Horton March 18, 1886 September 29, 1970 American Comedian, Singer and dancer.
Allen \"Farina\" Hoskins August 9, 1920 July 26, 1980 American Child actor who appeared in the *Our Gang* series of short films. He and his sister, Janie, had an act together.
Harry Houdini March 24, 1874 October 31, 1926 Hungarian Magician and escape artist.
Willie and Eugene Howard American Comic duo made up of Willie Howard (1886--1949) and Eugene Howard (1880--1965).
Curly Howard October 22, 1903 January 18, 1952 American Actor.
Joseph E. Howard February 12, 1867 May 19, 1961 American Singer and songwriter.
Moe Howard June 19, 1897 May 4, 1975 American Actor.
Shemp Howard March 17, 1895 November 22, 1955 American Actor.
Buddy Howe c\. 1910 March 4, 1981 American Acrobatic dancer.
Alice Howell May 5, 1888 April 12, 1961 American Comedian in an act with her husband, Dick Smith.
Waite Hoyt September 9, 1899 August 25, 1984 American Singer and dancer.
Doris Humphrey October 17, 1895 December 29, 1958 American Dancer.
Walter Huston April 6, 1884 April 7, 1950 Canadian Actor and singer.
Hyams and McIntyre American Husband-wife comedic duo with John Hyams (June 6, 1869 -- December 9, 1940) and Leila McIntyre (December 20, 1882 -- January 9, 1953). Their daughter, Leila (May 1, 1905 -- December 4, 1977), appeared with them as a child.
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# List of vaudeville performers: A–K
## I-J {#i_j}
Name Birth Death Nationality Performance notes Reference
------------------------- ------------------ -------------------- --------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------
Imhof, Conn and Corinne American Comic trio. Roger Imhof (January or August 15, 1875 -- April 15, 1958), his wife, Marcel Corinne or Coreene (d. 1977), and an associate, Conn (about whom, little is known), toured in two comic sketches, \"The Pest House\" and \"Surgeon Louder.\" Imhof began his career as a circus clown and Irish comic and following vaudeville, appeared as a character actor in a number of Hollywood films.
May Irwin June 27, 1862 October 22, 1938 Canadian Comedian and actress.
Eddie Jackson 1896 1980 American Singer and actor
Joe Jackson Sr. January 1, 1881 May 14, 1942 Austrian Bicyclist and comic. Born as Josef Francis Jiranek in Vienna, Austria, where he began competing in cycling races and later appeared in circuses, clowning with his bicycle. Appearing on the American stage for the first time in 1911, Jackson\'s act involved him entering the stage dressed as a clownish tramp and attempting to ride a bicycle that was slowly falling apart. He would often end his act with a series of athletic riding tricks. He appeared in a number of Broadway shows and Hollywood films including some directed by Mack Sennett. Jackson died on his way to his dressing room following a performance at the Roxy Theatre in 1942.
Tony Jackson June 5, 1876 April 20, 1921 American Pianist, singer and composer. Best known for his song, Pretty Baby, Jackson appeared in vaudeville as a singer and pianist in the Whitman Sisters\' New Orleans Troubadours during their tour in 1904. He later appeared with them in 1910. New Orleans born, Jackson began his career playing in the brothels of that city\'s red-light district, Storyville and following his work in vaudeville, he continued his performing in Chicago.
Lou Jacobs January 1, 1903 September 13, 1992 German Clown.
Elsie Janis March 16, 1889 February 26, 1956 American Singer and actress.
Marie Jansen c\. 1857 March 20, 1914 American Singer and actress.
Frank Jenks November 4, 1902 May 13, 1962 American Singer and dancer.
George Jessel April 3, 1898 May 23, 1981 American Actor, monologist, minstrel, and singer.
Jack Johnson March 31, 1878 June 10, 1946 American First African-American Heavyweight Champion of the World. He first appeared on the vaudeville stage in 1909 at Hammerstein\'s Victoria in New York City, appearing in the ring with white boxer, Kid Cutler. He went on a thirty-week vaudeville tour the following year.
George W. Johnson c\. 1855 January 23, 1914 American Singer.
Ralph Johnstone 1886 November 17, 1910 American Bicyclist. Originated the trick of jumping a bicycle up and down stairs on one wheel.
Al Jolson May 26, 1886 October 23, 1950 Lithuanian-American Actor, singer, and minstrel.
Frank \"Peg Leg\" Jones Dancer, comedian and minstrel with Arthur Gardner and the Gloom Chasers. Billed as America\'s Greatest Monopede Dancer. Active 1910--1933.
Irving Jones 1873 March 11, 1932 American African-American comedian and ragtime composer.
Sissieretta Jones January 5, 1869 June 24, 1933 American African-American Soprano, often billed as \"The Black Patti.\" Jones was one of the first African-American singers to perform classical and operatic repertoire. Starting in 1896, Jones was the centerpiece of a travelling vaudeville show called the Black Patti Troubadours which included African-American singers, dancers and comedians.
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# List of vaudeville performers: A–K
## K
Name Birth Death Nationality Performance notes Reference
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- -------------------- ------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
Armand Kaliz October 23, 1887 February 1, 1941 French Actor.
Bert Kalmar February 10, 1884 September 18, 1947 American Magician and songwriter teamed with Harry Ruby.
[Kanazawa Trio](https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-organization/the-three-kanazawa-532061) Japanese Risley Artists. A juggling Act made up of Kono, Mankichi and Taw Kanazawa. Alternately known as \"The Four Kanazawas\" or \"The Kanazawa Boys.\" Active from 1910 to the 1940s. *The (Montreal) Gazette*, April 11, 1950, page 12.
Harry Kandel 1885 1943 Russian Clarinetist and bandleader.
Helen Kane August 4, 1904 September 26, 1966 American Singer and comedian, known as the \"boop-oop-a-doop girl\".
Kara October 17, 1883 April 9, 1939 German Juggler credited as performing the first \"Gentleman juggling\" act. Dressed in a top hat and tails, Kara would then juggle the numerous props onstage.
[Kawana Trio](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vj0aaJXwq0) Japanese Risley Artists. Active from 1913 to 1931.
Beatrice Kay April 21, 1907 November 8, 1986 American Singer and actress.
Birdie Reeve Kay January 16, 1907 May 31, 1996 American Speed typist.
Stubby Kaye November 11, 1918 December 14, 1997 American Actor and comedian
Buster Keaton October 4, 1895 February 1, 1966 American Actor, acrobat and comedian. Member of his family\'s act, The Three Keatons, with his parents, Joe (1867--1946) and Myra (1877--1955).
Frank Keenan April 8, 1858 February 24, 1929 American Actor.
Harry Kellar 1849 1922 American Magician.
Helen Keller June 27, 1880 June 1, 1968 American Deafblind lecturer. Appeared with her teacher, Anne Sullivan.
Keller Sisters and Lynch American Singing trio of siblings consisting of Annie Catherine \"Nan\" Keller (1900--1975), Kathryne Ann \"Taddy\" Keller (1909--1962) and Frank Lynch (1902--1992).
Annette Kellermann July 6, 1887 November 5, 1975 Australian Olympic swimmer.
Gene Kelly August 23, 1912 February 2, 1996 American Dancer, singer and actor. Appeared in vaudeville with his brother Fred.
George Kelly January 16, 1887 June 18, 1974 American Actor.
King Kelly December 31, 1857 November 8, 1894 American Former baseball player and comedian.
Kitaro Brothers, Three Kitaro Brothers Japanese \[Risley Artists. Active from 1916 to 1921.
Walter Kelly October 29, 1873 January 6, 1939 American Monologist and dialectician.
Pert Kelton August 23, 1912 February 2, 1996 American Actress and comedian.
Ezra Kendall February 15, 1861 January 23, 1910 American Monologist.
Freddie Keppard February 27, 1890 July 15, 1933 American Jazz cornetist.
Jerome Kern January 27, 1885 November 11, 1945 American Pianist and accompanist for Edna Wallace Hopper. Kern later became one of the best known musical theatre composers of the early 20th century.
J. Warren Kerrigan 1916 August 4, 2004 American Singer. Later he became a noted disc jockey.
Joseph Kesselring July 25, 1879 June 9, 1947 American Actor.
Victor Kilian March 6, 1891 March 11, 1979 American Actor.
Charles King 1889 1941 American Song and dance man later on Broadway and in the Ziegfeld Follies.
Hetty King 1883 September 28, 1972 British Male impersonator and singer.
Johnny Kling February 25, 1875 January 31, 1947 American Baseball player who appeared in vaudeville with a monologue and a champ billiards exhibition act.
Fred Kohler April 20, 1888 October 28, 1938 American Character actor.
Kolb and Dill American Dutch dialect knockabout comic duo with Clarence Kolb (July 31, 1874 -- November 25, 1964) and Max Dill (September 15, 1876 -- November 21, 1949).
Hatsu Kuma style=\"text-align:center:\|1907 Japanese-American Japanese-American Singer who began performing at the age of four. Performed as part of the Kuma Four and later under her own name. She was a Soprano and performed with Anna Chang in the Paramount Pictures short \"[Two Little Chinese Maids](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1059305/?ref_=nm_ov_bio_lk1)\" (1929). Her father was magician Kinjiro Tanaka Kumajo who performed as Aki Kuma and later as Kim Yen Soo. She performed on the Pantages Circuit and was active from 1912 to 1931.
[Tanaka \"Aki\" Kuma](https://geniimagazine.com/wiki/index.php?title=K._T._Kuma) style=\"text-align:center:\|1884 1963 Japanese-American Magician Kinjiro Tanaka Kumajo was one of the longest practicing Illusionists in vaudeville and was active from 1914 to 1957. He performed as Tanaka Kuma through the 1930s and changed his performing name to Kim Yen Soo from the 1940s to the 1950s.
Harry Kraton February 14, 1883 October 10, 1912 African American Juggler and tightrope walker who specialized in a style of juggling known as hoop rolling. With his wife Ethelyn Kraton he founded the vaudeville act The Kratons. He was an early vocal advocate of supporting black performers in vaudeville
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# Sow (band)
**Sow** was the musical project of Anna Wildsmith, formed in 1989 and based in France. Raymond Watts, Wildsmith\'s boyfriend, was also heavily involved in the production of Sow releases. Wildsmith appeared on numerous Pig albums, writing lyrics or performing vocals, such as the song \"Cry Baby\" from Genuine American Monster. Sow opened for Pigface during their *Red Neck, White Trash And Blue Movie Tour* in 1998, with Anna Wildsmith also taking the stage for part of the Pigface set. Sow released three albums before Wildsmith's death from an undisclosed illness on 30 September 2016.
## Style
Most tracks are primarily spoken word, alternating between English and French languages, supported by experimental electronic, ambient or industrial soundscapes.
## Scene
Among the artists who have contributed to Sow releases are members of KMFDM, Pig, Foetus and Euphonic. Sow\'s releases were published on Invisible Records, Blue Noise, I, Absentee, Yellow Ltd., and Hyperium Records. Anna Wildsmith has performed vocals on songs for Pig, H3llb3nt, 2-Kut, and Sabbat.
## Discography
### Major releases {#major_releases}
- *Je M\'Aime* (1994)
- *Sick* (1998)
- *Dog* (16 March 2010)
### Minor releases {#minor_releases}
- *Manripe* (1989)
### Other appearances of tracks by Sow {#other_appearances_of_tracks_by_sow}
- \"The Rock\" on *Project 91*
- \"Wedge (Pig Remix)\" on *Dr
| 212 |
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# Genitotoxin
A **genitotoxin** is a poisonous toxin which damages the urinary organs or the reproductive organs. It can be due to negative side-effects of a medication, or may be caused by natural chemicals that are used in laboratories or the industry. The name derives from *genus* (\"gender\"), a word which suggests the aspects of andrology, gynaecology and urology.
The active effect of a genitotoxin is strongly dependent on the dose, the location of the intake, the speed at which it spreads and the health of the human or animal
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# Isle of Wight Radio
**Isle of Wight Radio** is an Independent Local Radio station in Newport on the Isle of Wight. The station began transmitting on 1242 kHz from Briddlesford Farm AM transmitter on 15 April 1990. Isle of Wight Radio switched to FM in March 1998, its main transmitter is at Chillerton Down on 107FM, with three low power relays on 102FM in Cowes, Ventnor and Ryde.
As of September 2024, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 34,000 with a listening share of 11.2%, according to RAJAR.
## History
### Ownership
Isle of Wight Radio was founded by Islanders Jean-Paul Hansford and Stephen Oates. It was independently owned for two years before being purchased by GWR (now Global Radio) and then by The Local Radio Company (TLRC). The station then came under the control of a joint venture between TLRC and the Portsmouth FC, under the name of Quadrant Media Limited, which also owned Spirit FM in Chichester and 107.4 The Quay in Portsmouth. In August 2009, the station was sold in a management buyout by programme controller Paul Topping, Claire Willis, Ian Walker and Hedley Finn, making it independently owned again.
In October 2012, it was announced that the station, alongside local Beacon magazine which it owns, was to merge with Media Sound Holdings, now Total Sense Media, owner of Splash FM, Bright FM, Arrow FM and Sovereign FM, the latter two being former sister stations under TLRC. The merger involved the station\'s shareholders taking shares in Media Sound Holdings, with Willis and Finn joining the board. It was said that staffing would not be affected with continued broadcast from the Isle of Wight and no plans for content sharing amongst the stations, although this could be considered in future for off-peak hours
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# Susanna Drury
**Susanna Drury**, later **Susanna Warter** (c. 1698 -- c. 1770) was an Irish painter. Though little is known of her life or work, she was very influential in the development of Irish landscape painting. She is chiefly noted for her watercolor drawings of the Giant\'s Causeway in County Antrim, which brought international attention to the site.
## Life
Drury was born around 1698. A work entitled 'One Tree Hill, Greenwich Park' (signed and dated 1733) suggests that she received instruction and lived in London around this time.
She was associated with the Dublin Society (later the Royal Dublin Society), which presented her with an award £25 in 1740 for her paintings of the Giant\'s Causeway. She was the first woman in Ireland to receive this award. She had traveled to Ulster to observe the site firsthand, and spent several months there working. Her drawings are composed of gouache on vellum and present two views of the Causeway from the east and west. These paintings show accurate details of the jointing forming the basalt columns of the Causeway. The paintings brought attention to the formation, and the popularity of Irish monument paintings boomed in their wake. Engravings were made by François Vivares between 1743 and 1744. Prints made from these engravings were popular in Europe and were widely circulated in scientific communities; in 1765 an entry for the Causeway appeared in volume 12 of the French *Encyclopédie* which clearly relied on the engraving of Drury\'s paintings. A plate made from the engraving of Drury\'s \"East Prospect\" itself later appeared unattributed in a volume of plates published for the *Encyclopédie*. It was included in the geology section along with two other plates depicting similar basalt formations in France, and included a caption by Nicolas Desmarest proposing, for the first time in print, that the structures were volcanic in origin.
As a Susannah Warter is mentioned in the will of Franklin Drury (1770), it is thought that she had married by this date. Her original gouache drawings of the Giant\'s Causeway now hang in the Ulster Museum in Belfast
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# Horse Racing Ireland
**Horse Racing Ireland** (HRI; *Rásaíocht Capaill na hÉireann*) is the governing body of horse racing on the island of Ireland. It is based in the Curragh, County Kildare, next to the racecourse of that name. HRI was founded in 2001, succeeding the **Irish Horseracing Authority**, itself the 1994 successor to the **Racing Board** founded in 1945.
HRI\'s mission statement is \"to develop and promote Ireland as a world centre of excellence for horse racing and breeding\". Like most other sports, horse racing is run on an All-Ireland basis, so HRI is responsible for racing in both the Republic of Ireland, which has 24 racecourses, and Northern Ireland, which has two racecourses. The remit of the British Horseracing Authority does not extend to Northern Ireland.
In April 2020 the then-CEO of HRI, Brian Kavanagh, said that with the benefit of hindsight the 2020 Cheltenham Festival should not have taken place or should have been held behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
## Business
HRI funds the Irish Horseracing Regulatory Board, which enforces the rules of racing, including doping control, handicapping and licensing.
In addition to fulfilling regulatory and promotional functions, HRI owns Fairyhouse, Leopardstown, Navan and Tipperary racecourses. The group\'s chairperson since May 2018 has been Nicky Hartery and its CEO is Suzanne Eade, who succeeded Brian Kavanagh in September 2021.
The industry contributes significantly to the Irish economy. Figures released by HRI showed that bloodstock sales, Tote betting and racecourse attendances produced significant growth in 2011, marking a positive upturn for the industry which had suffered severe contraction since 2007 across almost all areas. In 2004 this contribution was estimated to be in the region of €330 million
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# Education in the Philippines during American rule
During the United States colonial period of the Philippines (1898--1946), the United States government was in charge of providing **education in the Philippines**.
## Public system of education {#public_system_of_education}
Education became a very important issue for the United States colonial government, since it allowed it to spread their cultural values, particularly the English language, to the Filipino people. On March 10, 1901, with the Philippine-American war drawing to a conclusion, Elwell S. Otis, as Military Governor, created the Department of Public Instruction. Instruction in English language, and American history, Education was expected to lead to forming of a national identity and Filipino nationalism. On January 20, 1901, Act No. 74 formalized the creation of the department.
Every child from age 7 was required to register in schools located in their own town or province. The students were given free school materials. There were three levels of education during the American period. The \"elementary\" level consisted of four primary years and 3 intermediate years. The \"secondary\" or high school level consisted of four years; and the third was the \"college\" or tertiary level. Religion was not part of the curriculum of the schools as it had been during the Spanish period.
In some cases those students who excelled academically were sent to the U.S. to continue their studies and to become experts in their desired fields or professions. They were called \"scholars\" and \"pensionados\" because the government covered all their expenses. In return, they were to teach or work in government offices after they finished their studies. Some examples of these successful Filipino scholars were Judge José Abad Santos, Francisco Benitez, Dr. Honoria Acosta-Sison and Francisco Delgado.
Many elementary and secondary schools from the Spanish era were recycled and new ones were opened in cities and provinces, among which there were normal, vocational, agricultural, and business schools. Among the most important colleges during American rule were: Philippine College of Commerce in 1904 (now Polytechnic University of the Philippines), Philippine Normal School in 1901 (now Philippine Normal University) and other normal schools throughout the country such as Colegio Filipino (1900, now National University), Silliman Institute (1901, now Silliman University, Iloilo Normal School (1902, now West Visayas State University), Cebu Normal School (1902, now Cebu Normal University), Negros Oriental High School (1902), Capiz Home School (1904, now Filamer Christian University, the Echague Farm School (1918, now the Isabela State University) St. Paul College of Dumaguete (1904, now St. Paul University Dumaguete), Zamboanga Normal School in 1904 (now Western Mindanao State University), Jaro Industrial School (1905, now Central Philippine University), Instituto de Manila (1913, now University of Manila), Philippine Women\'s College (1919, now Philippine Women\'s University), and Institute of Accountancy (1928, now Far Eastern University. Examples of vocational schools are: the Philippine Nautical School, Manila Trade School (1901, now Technological University of the Philippines) and the Central Luzon Agriculture School. The University of the Philippines was also founded in 1908.
Schools were also built in remote areas like Sulu, Mindanao, and the Mountain Provinces, where attention was given to vocational and health practice.
## Thomasites
In response to the teacher shortage resulting from the creation of a centralized public education system volunteer American soldiers became the first teachers of the Filipinos. Part of their mission was to build classrooms in every place where they were assigned. In response to the teacher shortage, the Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction 1,000 teachers from the United States. They began to arrive in August 1901 aboard U.S. Army Transport (ASAT) ships named *Sheridan* and *Thomas* and came to be called Thomasites.
The original batch of Thomasites was composed by 365 males and 165 females, who sailed from United States on July 23, 1901. The U.S. government spent about \$105,000 for the expedition. More American teachers followed the Thomasites in 1902, making a total of about 1,074 stationed in the Philippines.
## Pensionado Act {#pensionado_act}
The word *pensionado* originated with the Spanish language. It means to receive pension from the government. As the Pensionado Act started in 1903, the purpose was to \"Educate and bind current and future Filipino leaders to the American colonial administration.\" Filipinos, mostly males, that were sponsored by the act were able to continue their education abroad and learn about American culture.
The United States government agreed to having Filipinos in the United States to acquire knowledge on Western culture and civilization. This program encouraged Filipinos to obtain education in the United States and return to the Philippines. The first year of the program there were about 20,000 applicants with only one hundred of Filipinos men ultimately selected to study abroad in the United States. About forty boys and eight girls were chosen each year in 1904 and 1905. Students were spread across the United States to participate in higher education. \... The program, which ended in 1943 and sought to train future Philippine leaders in preparation for post-World War II independence, also fostered beliefs in the supremacy of U.S. institutions, language, and white culture as compared to traditional Philippine culture.
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# Education in the Philippines during American rule
## Criticisms
### Monroe Commission on Philippine Education {#monroe_commission_on_philippine_education}
The Monroe Commission on Philippine Education was created in 1925 with the aim of reporting on the effectiveness of the education in the Philippines during the period of U.S. annexation. It was headed by Paul Monroe, who at the time was the Director of the International Institute of Teachers College, Columbia University, and it was composed by a total of 23 education professionals, mostly from the U.S. and some from the Philippines. During 1925 the Commission visited schools all throughout the Philippines, interviewing a total of 32,000 pupils and 1,077 teachers. The commission found that in the 24 years since the U.S. education system had been established, 530,000 Filipinos had completed elementary school, 160,000 intermediate school, and 15,500 high school.
The Commission declared that although Filipino students were on the same level as their American counterparts in subjects like Math or Science, they lagged far behind in English-language related subjects. George Counts, a Yale professor and a member of the Commission wrote in 1925 in *The Elementary School Journal* that \"Half of the children were outside the reach of schools. Pupil performance was generally low in subjects that relied on English, although the achievement in Math and Science was at par with the average performance of American school children\...\" Counts also described the Filipino children of the 1920s as handicapped because not only were they trying to learn new concepts in a foreign language but they were also being forced to do so from the point of view of a different culture, due to the fact that they were using materials originally designed for pupils in the United States.
The report also informed that teacher training was inadequate and that 82 per cent of the pupils did not go beyond grade 4. Many of the problems identified were attributed to the attempt to impose an English-based education system in just one generation, concluding that \"Upon leaving school, more than 99% of Filipinos will not speak English in their homes. Possibly, only 10% to 15% of the next generation will be able to use this language in their occupations. In fact, it will only be the government employees, and the professionals, who might make use of English.\"
Other recommendations of the Commission asking for a \"curtailment of the type of industrial work found on schools\" and the elimination of the General Sales Department that had been set up to distribute the sale of items made in schools, pushed the implementation of several changes in the educational system to try to prioritize on the instruction of the pupils to be taught over the teaching of \"industrial\" education that until then had been focusing on the production of handicrafts such as basketry for boys and embroidery for girls, farming techniques, and other skills deemed favorable for the future of the pupils
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# Håkan Malmrot
**Håkan Malmrot** (29 November 1900 -- 10 January 1987) was a Swedish breaststroke swimmer. He won two gold medals at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, in the 200 m and 400 m events, both times with Swedish Thor Henning as silver medalist. In 1980 Malmrot was inducted to the International Swimming Hall of Fame
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# Hipparchia parisatis
***Hipparchia parisatis***, the **white-edged rock brown**, is a nymphalid species of satyrine butterfly found in Asia, including Turkey, Armenia, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkestan, Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, the Palestinian Territories, India, the United Arab Emirates and Oman.
## Description
Male upperside dark Vandyke brown; costa preapically, lower half of termen on forewing narrowly and termen of hindwing more broadly bluish grey, crossed by the dark veins and touched with brown at the apices of the latter; forewing with a preapical black spot pupilled with white, another plain black spot in interspace 2, and two intermediate white dots; hindwing with a subanal white-centred black spot. Underside pale sepia brown, irrorated with numerous white striae, the discal and tornal area only of the forewing without striae; both wings crossed by a highly sinuous, broad, white discal band, inwardly defined by a dark brown line, subterminal and terminal narrow brown bands; the round black spots as on the upperside, but more distinct and ringed with yellow; hindwing with an additional ocellus in interspace 5. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen concolorous with the wings above, paler below. Sex-mark a large dark brown patch of specialized scales on basal half of forewing,
Female: Similar, the greyish-white marginal borders broader
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# Magnasee
**Magnasee** is a product used to visualize the magnetic fields recorded onto magnetic recording media such as magnetic tape, diskettes, and the like.
The product contains very fine colloidal iron in a fast-evaporating liquid such as naphtha or fluorocarbons. The liquid is first agitated vigorously to disperse the iron. It may then be carefully poured over the magnetic media of, in the case of tape, the tape may be dipped into the open container of liquid. The iron adheres between the magnetic domains of the media, allowing the user to see where these magnetic domains have been written. Allowing the carrier liquid to evaporate allows very close visualization of the domains.
Various faults in the magnetic recording process could then be visually detected. These included:
- Track mis-alignments including gross azimuth errors
- Missing (unrecorded) tracks
- Failures of the erasure system
- Lift-off of the media from the recording head(s)
- After-the fact destruction of the recording via, say, the application of external magnets
For many older systems that recorded at a low linear bit density, the bit density of the recording could be determined.
While Magnasee was most commonly used on magnetic media that wasn\'t meant to be re-used (for reading or writing), careful cleaning could remove the iron particles and allow critical media to be re-used
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| 0 |
10,052,308 |
# Joseph Makhanya
**Joseph Makhanya** (born 15 September 1981 in Dobsonville, Gauteng) is a South African association football midfielder who last played for Moroka Swallows in the Premier Soccer League and South Africa.
He hails from Dobsonville, Soweto and was known as \"Duku duku\". Not to be confused with Ernest Botsotso Makhanya
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Joseph Makhanya
| 0 |
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# Respondesign
**responDesign, Inc** (now **RespondWell**) is an American video game developer focused on exergaming.
## History
It was founded in 2003 by Ted Spooner, Phineas Barnes and Daryn Chapman in Portland, Oregon around Phineas\'s idea to create a virtual personal trainer for video game consoles. The result was Yourself!Fitness a game/program that guided users through a series of workouts to better their health. In 2006, the company made a deal with McDonald\'s to distribute four of its \"Yourself\|Fitness\" titles with the restaurant chain\'s healthy meals for a period of four weeks.
In October 2016, RespondWell was acquired by Zimmer Biomet Holdings for an undisclosed amount.
## Legal
In 2004, responDesign inc. was sued, along with Microsoft, by writer Roger Avary. The suit centered on the alleged use of one of Avery\'s ideas, Virtual Yoga, for a game created in partnership by responDesign and Microsoft. Chief Executive of the company, Ted Spooner, claimed this allegation was bogus
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