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# Anthony May
## Filmography
- *Isadora* (1968) -- Young Poet
- *Les Bicyclettes de Belsize* (1968) -- The Boy (lead role)
- *Michael Kohlhaas -- Der Rebell* (1969) -- Peter
- *The Wednesday Play:* \"No Trams to Lime Street\" (1970) - Billy Mack
- *Cromwell* (1970) -- Richard Cromwell
- *The Breaking of Bumbo* (1970) -- Art Student
- *No Blade of Grass* (1970) -- Andrew Pirrie
- *The Triple Echo* (1972) -- Subaltern
- *The Sex Thief* (1973) -- Barman
- *Three for All* (1975) -- Martin
- *Les Misérables* (1978) -- Gendarme
- *Murder by Decree* (1979) -- Lanier
- *McVicar* (1980) -- Billy
- *Sky Bandits* (1986) -- Guard No
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| 1 |
10,097,345 |
# Dang (surname)
**Dang** (鄭, 黨, 唐, 滕) is a Chinese, Vietnamese and Korean surname. It can also be found in both Hindus and Sikhs of the Punjab region in the north-western India (in Punjabi, ਡਾੰਗ).
## Chinese Dang: 黨 (Tang) {#chinese_dang_黨_tang}
**Dang** (黨; it also means \"party, association\") in Cantonese (*Dong6* in Jyutping) is transliterated as *Dǎng* (Deng) in pinyin and *Đặng* in Vietnamese. origin from
- Xia dynasty people, Xia (夏) clan
- region name of Shangdang (上党), Changzhi, Jin (Chinese state) people, branch of Zheng (鄭) clan
- Qiang people (Chang people)
- Hui people, branch of Cui/Choi clan
- Modern Chinese with new surname
## Chinese and Korean Dang: 唐 (Tang) {#chinese_and_korean_dang_唐_tang}
**Dang** in Korean is transliterated as *Táng* in pinyin and *Đường* in Vietnamese. origin from
- Huang Di at Legend Time 26th century BCE, Gongsun (公孫) family
- Qi (祁) family of Yao tribe at 24th century BCE, branch of Liu (劉) clan
- Danzhu (丹朱), son of Emperor Yao
- Shu Yu of Tang (唐叔虞) in Tang (state), younger brother of King Cheng of Zhou 1042 BC, branch of Zheng (鄭) clan
- Qiang people (羌) of Gansu state, branch of Jin (金) clan
People, Dang;
- Dang Ye-seo
## Chinese and Vietnamese Dang: Deng 鄧 {#chinese_and_vietnamese_dang_deng_鄧}
In Vietnam, the surname is correctly spelled **Đặng** and it is a popular Vietnamese name unlike in China and Korea. The name *Đặng* is transliterated as Deng in Chinese and Deung in Korean, all come from the word 鄧. It may originate from:
- State of Deng, a small state in Spring and Autumn period in China
- The Clan of Man (曼姓), the ruling clan of State of Deng. Later, they used state\'s name (Deng) as their surname.
- Huang Di, branch of Qi (祁) clan
The origin of Vietnamese \"Đặng\" remains unclear, however it is assumed that the native people of Vietnam had adopted the surname from Chinese literature and history. People with the surname Đặng:
- Đặng Dung (鄧容, 1373 - 1414), was the poet and general of the later Tran Dynasty
- Đặng Trần Côn (鄧陳琨 c. 1705--1745) was one of the great poets in early modern history of Vietnam
- Trường Chinh (born Đặng Xuân Khu), Vietnamese communist leader
- Đặng Thị Minh Hạnh, Vietnamese fashion designer
- Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh, Vietnamese politician
- Đặng Nhật Minh, Vietnamese film director
- Đặng Ngọc Ngự, Vietnamese pilot
- Đặng Văn Ngữ, Vietnamese doctor and intellectual.
- Đặng Phong, Vietnamese historian, specialized in Vietnam\'s economic history
- Đặng Hữu Phúc, Vietnamese pianist and film score composer
- Đặng Thái Sơn, Vietnamese pianist
- Đặng Thân, Vietnamese bilingual poet, fiction writer and essayist
- Đặng Thùy Trâm, Vietnamese doctor famous for her wartime diaries
- Đặng Hùng Dương, Vietnamese software developer famous for his PUBG application
- Johnny Dang (born Đặng Anh Tuấn), Vietnamese-American Jeweler
- Stephanie Murphy (born Đặng Thị Ngọc Dung), American congresswoman\*
- Thai Dang, Vietnamese chef based in Chicago
## Fuzhounese Dang: 鄭 (Zheng) {#fuzhounese_dang_鄭_zheng}
- Fuzhounese surname from the Fuzhou dialect.
## Fictional characters {#fictional_characters}
- Alexis Thi Dang, a Vietnamese American girl in the Transformers Unicron Trilogy
- Dr. Michael Dang, chief antagonist in the Hindi movie Karma
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# Max Bailey
**Max Bailey** (born 23 October 1986) is a former Australian rules football coach and player who played with the Hawthorn Football Club in the Australian Football League. He most recently served as the development coach of the Hawthorn Football Club and head coach of the Box Hill Hawks Football Club. He now works at Nambour State College (NSC).
## AFL career {#afl_career}
Drafted 18th overall by the Hawks in the 2005 AFL draft, the ruckman from West Perth made his AFL debut in round 18 of the 2006 season. However, he would miss the 2007 season after suffering a right knee ACL injury during training before the season started.
Max returned to the Box Hill Hawks reserves team for a game in June 2008, only to rupture his right ACL again which required another knee reconstruction. Max postponed the surgery to concentrate on his study then when the timing was right went under the knife. In May 2009 Max resumed training and was expected to play at the Box Hill Hawks in the later part of the season.
However he made his return in round 21, 2009 and had 23 hit outs in a win over Richmond. The following week against Essendon, Bailey suffered another ACL injury after he landed awkwardly and badly twisted his good left knee five minutes into the game and had to be helped from the ground. He sat on the bench in frustration and missed the 2010 season.
Throughout his succession of knee injuries, the Hawthorn Football Club kept the faith, retaining him on the senior list despite his first five years at the club yielding just six senior appearances.
Max Bailey returned in round 9 of 2011 in a win over Sydney. Looking finally free of the injury curse, Bailey made a total of 16 senior appearances in the side that year. By trading 2008 premiership ruck Brent Renouf to Port Adelaide at the end of the 2011 season, the club effectively endorsed Bailey and the other rucks on the list to carry the mantle in 2012 and beyond. This plan struck a snag during the 2012 pre-season, when Bailey aggravated a wrist injury, which was set to keep him on the sidelines for around 12 weeks.
During the 2013 season Bailey managed to cement a spot in the Hawthorn side, after playing well in round 1 in the Hawks loss to Geelong.
Bailey\'s football career ended in the pinnacle of sporting achievements, being a member of Hawthorn\'s 2013 Premiership side. Former captain Sam Mitchell referred to Bailey as \"the greatest story of the 2013 premiership,\" in a speech at the club\'s best and fairest, where Bailey ended his AFL career, retiring after 43 games due continued problems with his right knee.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
After retiring from the game Bailey was employed by `{{AFL Ric}}`{=mediawiki} Football Club as a skills coach for two years, 2014--2015. Bailey spent six months in Tanzania before he accepted a position at his old club.
In 2019 he coached the affiliate club Box Hill Hawks, before departing in September 2020.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Bailey has a Bachelor of Business degree. As at 2021, Bailey worked in a human resources role with Bunnings.
| 539 |
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# Max Bailey
## Statistics
\|- style=background:#EAEAEA \| 2006 \|\| `{{AFL Haw}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 36 \| 4 \|\| 0 \|\| 0 \|\| 5 \|\| 15 \|\| 20 \|\| 10 \|\| 5 \|\| 23 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 3.8 \|\| 5.0 \|\| 2.5 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 5.8 \|\| 0 \|- \| 2007 \|\| `{{AFL Haw}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 36 \| 0 \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| 0 \|- style=background:#EAEAEA \| 2008 \|\| `{{AFL Haw}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 36 \| 0 \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| 0 \|- \| 2009 \|\| `{{AFL Haw}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 1 \| 2 \|\| 0 \|\| 0 \|\| 3 \|\| 6 \|\| 9 \|\| 1 \|\| 6 \|\| 25 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 1.5 \|\| 3.0 \|\| 4.5 \|\| 0.5 \|\| 3.0 \|\| 12.5 \|\| 0 \|- style=background:#EAEAEA \| 2010 \|\| `{{AFL Haw}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 1 \| 0 \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| --- \|\| 0 \|- \| 2011 \|\| `{{AFL Haw}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 39 \| 16 \|\| 3 \|\| 3 \|\| 88 \|\| 82 \|\| 170 \|\| 35 \|\| 58 \|\| 328 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 5.5 \|\| 5.1 \|\| 10.6 \|\| 2.2 \|\| 3.6 \|\| 20.5 \|\| 0 \|- style=background:#EAEAEA \| 2012 \|\| `{{AFL Haw}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 39 \| 2 \|\| 0 \|\| 0 \|\| 3 \|\| 9 \|\| 12 \|\| 3 \|\| 8 \|\| 51 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 1.5 \|\| 4.5 \|\| 6.0 \|\| 1.5 \|\| 4.0 \|\| 25.5 \|\| 0 \|- \| bgcolor=F0E68C \| **2013**^\#^ \|\| `{{AFL Haw}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 39 \| 19 \|\| 7 \|\| 1 \|\| 88 \|\| 81 \|\| 169 \|\| 41 \|\| 52 \|\| 396 \|\| 0.4 \|\| 0.1 \|\| 4.6 \|\| 4.3 \|\| 8.9 \|\| 2.2 \|\| 2.7 \|\| 20.8 \|\| 0 \|- class=\"sortbottom\" ! colspan=3\| Career ! 43 !! 10 !! 4 !! 187 !! 193 !! 380 !! 90 !! 129 !! 823 !! 0.2 !! 0.1 !! 4.3 !! 4.5 !! 8.8 !! 2.1 !! 3.0 !! 19
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# Ghai
**Ghai** is a surname that is used by the Hindu and Sikh Khatri community of India
| 18 |
Ghai
| 0 |
10,097,443 |
# Big Sue
**Big Sue** or **Sue, the Turtle** was the pseudonym of a 19th-century African-American saloon and brothelkeeper in the notorious Arch Block, which ran between Grand Street and Broome Street in New York\'s 4th Ward. She was thought to also be involved in criminal activities.
Sue weighed 350 lbs and a contemporary journalist likened her to a big black turtle standing on its hind legs, from which she gained her turtle nickname.
## Dive Bar {#dive_bar}
Sue\'s dive bar and brothel was the first in New York to offer 24 hour brothel services. Although thievery among many of the city\'s taverns and saloons was rampant, Sue was considered to be honest, although the women who worked for her were not on occasions. On one occasion she is reputed to have wandered the streets at 1 am to try and get change for a customer who had given her a \$100 note. Failing to obtain the change, she delivered the money and customer to a policeman, fearing that the customer was so intoxicated he might lose the money or get robbed.
## New York Draft Riots {#new_york_draft_riots}
During the New York Draft Riots in 1863, Sue\'s dive was attacked by women from the Five Points. The women working there fled, but Sue, too large to run, was attacked and *\"frightfully beaten\"* by a group of Irishwomen. Other sources claim she was one of five black women lynched and hung from lampposts. The bar was looted and its liquor was confiscated and distributed amongst the rioters before the building was destroyed
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| 0 |
10,097,484 |
# Green Gartside
**Green Gartside** (born **Paul Julian Strohmeyer**; 22 June 1955)`{{better source needed|reason=no longer at that location|date=June 2023}}`{=mediawiki} is a Welsh singer, songwriter and musician. He is the frontman of the band Scritti Politti.
## Early life {#early_life}
Gartside was born on 22 June 1955 in Cardiff, Wales, to a \"Cup-a-Soup salesman dad and a hairdresser / secretary / whatever mum\". His childhood was not always happy, with the family, which included a sister, having to move every twelve months or so because of his father\'s job. The family ended up \"living all over \[Wales\], from Bridgend to Newport to Ystrad Mynach\". His father died while he was a child and his widowed mother married her boss, a solicitor from Newport named Gordon Gartside, from whom he adopted his new surname. Gartside recalls, \"The \'Green\' bit came about because I didn\'t like the fact there were two other Pauls in my class and I wanted something different. So I just chose something random after listening to a Captain Beefheart album where all the musicians were named odd things like Zoot Horn Rollo. I thought having a made-up name was well cool\".
Gartside attended Croesyceiliog Grammar School in Cwmbran. At the age of 14, he formed a branch of the Young Communist League, along with his schoolfriend and future Scritti Politti bassist Nial Jinks. He later completed a foundation course in Art at Newport Art College. and formed a band called Heads of the Valleys.
In the mid-1970s, Gartside moved to England to study Fine Art at Leeds Polytechnic.
## Career
While at art school in Leeds in 1977, Gartside formed the post-punk band Scritti Politti with schoolmate and friend Nial Jinks and art school friend Tom Morley. After Gartside and Morley had left Leeds Polytechnic, they moved to London, later securing a recording contract with Rough Trade Records who released Scritti Politti\'s debut studio album *Songs to Remember* in September 1982. However, subsequent Scritti Politti studio albums featured Gartside with different personnel, with Gartside being the only constant member of the group. In 1983, Gartside provided guest vocals on Eurythmics\'s cover version of the Sam & Dave song \"Wrap It Up\" from their second studio album *Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)*. As Scritti Politti, Gartside and New Yorkers keyboardist David Gamson and drummer Fred Maher released the band\'s second studio album *Cupid & Psyche 85* in June 1985. The album included hits \"Wood Beez (Pray Like Aretha Franklin)\" (to the music video for which Michael Clark lent his contemporary dance); \"Absolute\" (the music video being based on William Shakespeare\'s *A Midsummer Night\'s Dream*); \"The Word Girl\"; \"Perfect Way\"; and \"Hypnotize\". Released on Virgin Records, it reached number 5 in the UK and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for 100,000 copies sold. It was produced by Scritti Politti and Turkish-born Arif Mardin who coincidentally had also produced Aretha Franklin, one of Gartside\'s musical influences.
Released in June 1988, Scritti Politti\'s third studio album *Provision* was a UK top 10 success, though it only produced one UK top 20 hit single, \"Oh Patti (Don\'t Feel Sorry for Loverboy)\". After releasing a couple of non-album singles in 1991, as well as a collaboration with B.E.F., Gartside became disillusioned with the music industry and retired to South Wales for more than seven years.
In the early to mid-1990s, Gartside lived alone in a secluded cottage in Usk, Monmouthshire, spending his time listening to hip hop, playing darts and drinking beer at his local pub The Nags Head Inn. He returned to music-making in the late 1990s, releasing a new studio album, *Anomie & Bonhomie*, in 1999 (which included various rap and hip hop influences).
In 2006, another new studio album was released by Gartside, the stripped-down *White Bread Black Beer* by Scritti Politti, which returned to the more experimental era of the band\'s history. He also returned to touring, including his first ever tour of the United States with his band Scritti Politti.
In 2012, Gartside, who has suffered from recurring stage fright that prevented Scritti Politti from touring for many years, performed several songs by folk rock singer Sandy Denny of Fairport Convention as part of a tribute called The Lady in several UK cities.
In 2015, Gartside was awarded an Honorary Fellowship from Goldsmiths, University of London.
He has been a regular stand-in presenter on BBC Radio 6 Music.
Gartside has also worked with Miles Davis, Chaka Khan, Eurythmics, Elvis Costello, Shabba Ranks, Mos Def, Meshell Ndegeocello, Kylie Minogue, Robyn Hitchcock, Manic Street Preachers, Tracey Thorn, and Robert Wyatt (on *Songs to Remember*).
In 2020, Gartside released a solo single on Rough Trade Records, which featured cover versions of \"Tangled Man\" and \"Wishing Well\" by folk singer Anne Briggs
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# Lands administrative divisions of Western Australia
The **lands administrative divisions of Western Australia** refer to subdivisions of the state of Western Australia for cadastral (land title) purposes, most of which have been in place since the 19th century. The state is divided up for this purpose into five land divisions, which in turn are subdivided into land districts, which correspond to counties in other Australian states. These districts are then subdivided further into numbered locations, as well as gazetted townsites. Together, they form part of the lands administrative divisions of Australia.
## Land divisions {#land_divisions}
There are five land divisions in Western Australia, as specified in Schedule 1 of the Land Administration Act 1997.
- Eastern Land Division
- Eucla Land Division
- Kimberley Land Division
- North West Land Division
- South West Land Division
The Rabbit-proof fence is the border between the North West and South West divisions on the western side, and the others on the eastern side. In practical terms, the divisions are rarely used --- in 1897, the Under Secretary for Lands described their purpose as \"really only for the purpose of classifying land for Pastoral Leases\".
The system of divisions developed as follows:
Date enacted Divisions Enabling act Maps
----------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ------
11 October 1882 Central, Central-Eastern, South-Eastern, North, Kimberley Land Regulations
2 March 1887 South-West, Kimberley, North-West, Gascoyne, Eucla, Eastern Land Regulations, s.39
1 January 1899 South-West, Kimberley, North-West, Western, Eucla, Eastern Land Act 1898, s. 38
1 February 1907 South-West, Kimberley, North-West, Central, Eucla, Eastern Land Act Amendment Act 1906, s. 26
28 March 1917 *As above, but merged Central into Eastern* Land Act Amendment Act 1917 (No. 19), s. 4
6 March 1934 *As above* Land Act 1933 (No. 37), s. 28
30 March 1998 *As above* Land Administration Act 1997 (No. 30), s. 6 and Sch. 1
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| 0 |
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# Lands administrative divisions of Western Australia
## Land districts {#land_districts}
The land district is the highest level of land division actively used in Western Australian land titles, and has been in use in some form since the earliest days of the Swan River Colony, although only achieved statutory recognition with the enactment of section 7 the Land Act 1898. They are recognised today through section 26 of the Land Administration Act 1997. Under the system in place, there are two methods of distributing titles within a district: one is to gazette a townsite from land within the district and henceforth treat it entirely separately from the district; the other is to create locations (almost always numeric) within districts, such as Windell Location 7 or Swan Location 1315, and then either dedicate the location as a reserve with reference to the Governor\'s powers under the 1997 Act, grant the location in fee simple to an individual or company, or subdivide it into lots for sale or lease.
### History
In 1831, instructions were issued from the Colonial Secretary in London for \"the division of the whole of the territory of Western Australia into Counties, Hundreds and Parishes of fixed size\". However, the system was all but abandoned within a few years, and district names were simply applied to areas without any effort to fix boundaries for them. Areas within declared townsites were managed separately.`{{fact|date=May 2021}}`{=mediawiki}
At this time, the population of the colony was small, and the Governor had complete control over the affairs of the state, receiving advice from experts such as the Surveyor General, who was responsible for the Department of Lands and Surveys. In 1890, the colony achieved responsible government, and in 1892--1893, gold was discovered in the Kalgoorlie region, leading to a gold rush. In 1895--1896, the Department, by now quite overwhelmed, attempted to define boundaries for districts based on where land had already been granted, but the result was irregular boundaries which did not follow natural features. Furthermore, in assigning and alienating the land, the Department\'s officers were in somewhat uncharted territory due to the mix of pre-1890 regulations from the Governor with overly specific statutes from the legislature (such as the Homestead Act 1893 and Transfer of Land Act 1892) that they had to navigate. The Under Secretary for Lands noted in August 1896 that \"there is no provision in any Act or Regulations for the declaration of land districts\... it is only an office arrangement\".
The Surveyor General and his staff agitated for a \"Consolidated Land Bill\" which would consolidate then repeal all previous arrangements, provide a statutory framework which recognised existing practice, and establish a more formal method for establishing and recording land districts. New broad-acre settlements in areas of the colony not already covered by districts (most notably at Carnarvon and Esperance) made the matter more urgent.`{{fact|date=May 2021}}`{=mediawiki}
In the interim, the Department started two new files at the beginning of 1897 which ultimately recorded the correspondence between the Chief Draftsman, Surveyor General, Under Secretary for Lands and the responsible Minister in setting up a consistent means of generating and naming new land districts which would form the basis of a statutory system once one emerged, and 25 new districts had been approved by year\'s end.
On 1 January 1899, the Land Act took effect, and the Department\'s new system became the norm, with the only change being that all new districts or changes to existing ones were printed in the Government Gazette. Until 1902, with only some exceptions, names used were usually those of explorers or early settlers, but in 1902, the Surveyor General rejected a suggested list of new names, advising the Chief Draftsman that \"I should much prefer euphonious native names if they can be obtained for these proposed new districts, as I think we should lose no opportunity of perpetuating the nomenclature of a fast disappearing race, apart from which the liability of duplicating names is largely increased if the surnames of individuals are devoted to land districts.\" Between 1902 and 1906, a considerable rush to gazette new districts was promoted by the desire to impress land agents in London --- the Minister noted that \"it will not hurt the State to show as few blanks as possible\". Prior to the construction of the Trans-Australian Railway, the Eastern Division, which consists almost entirely of the Great Victoria and Great Sandy Deserts, did not contain any districts.
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# Lands administrative divisions of Western Australia
## Land districts {#land_districts}
### List of land districts {#list_of_land_districts}
The list below represents a complete list of land districts, together with the division of which they are part and the year where they came into being --- either through granting of locations prior to 1896, delineation in Department files between 1896 and 1898, or gazettal from 1899 onwards. `{{GeoGroup}}`{=mediawiki}
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| District | Division | Location | Created | Notes |
+================+=============+==========+=========+===========================+
| Ashburton | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Avon | South-West | | 1833 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Balladonia | Eucla\ | | 1897 | |
| | Eastern | | | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Balwina | Eastern | | 1928 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Bulara | Kimberley | | 1906 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Bulga | Eastern | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Buningonia | Eastern | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Canning | South-West | | 1833 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Cockburn Sound | South-West | | 1833 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Dampier | Kimberley | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| De Grey | North-West | | 1906 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| De Witt | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Delisser | Eucla\ | | 1916 | |
| | Eastern | | | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Dempster | Eucla | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Doongan | Kimberley | | 1906 | Previously spelt Dungan |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Dundas | Eucla | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Easton | Kimberley | | 1906 | Formerly known as Kwinana |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Edel | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Edjudina | Eastern | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Erivilla | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Esperance | Eucla | | 1896 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Fitzgerald | Eucla | | 1896 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Fitzroy | Kimberley | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Forrest | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Fraser | Eucla\ | | 1897 | |
| | Eastern | | | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Gascoyne | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Giles | Eucla\ | | 1916 | |
| | Eastern | | | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Gregory | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Hampton | Eastern | | 1899 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Hann | Eastern | | 1925 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Hardey | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Hay | South-West | | 1857 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Jarmura | Kimberley | | 1906 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Jaurdi | Eastern | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Jilbadji | Eastern | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Kaluwiri | Eastern | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Kent | South-West | | 1857 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| King | Kimberley | | 1899 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Kojonup | South-West | | 1840 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Koondra | North-West | | 1906 | Previously spelt Kundra |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Kyarra | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Leake | Eucla | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Luman | Kimberley | | 1906 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Lyndon | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Lyons | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Malcolm | Eastern | | 1900 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Mardarbilla | Eucla | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Marmion | Eastern | | 1899 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Marndoc | Kimberley | | 1906 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Meda | Kimberley | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Melbourne | South-West | | 1848 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Milyuga | Eastern | | 1932 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Mundrabilla | Eucla | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Murchison | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Murray | South-West | | 1837 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Nabberu | Eastern | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Nelson | South-West | | 1858 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Neridup | Eucla | | 1896 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Ngalbain | Eastern | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Ninghan | North-West\ | | 1897 | |
| | South-West | | | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Nookawarra | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Nuleri | Eastern | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Numalgun | Kimberley | | 1906 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Nurina | Eucla | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Nuyts | Eucla | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Oldfield | Eucla\ | | 1896 | |
| | South-West | | | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Omalinde | Kimberley | | 1906 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Pardu | Kimberley\ | | 1906 | |
| | Eastern\ | | | |
| | North-West | | | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Peawah | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Plantagenet | South-West | | 1833 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Roe | South-West | | 1899 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Sussex | South-West | | 1840 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Swan | South-West | | 1833 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Teano | North-West | | 1906 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Thadoona | North-West | | 1903 | Previously spelt Thaduna |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Tugaila | Eastern | | 1932 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Ularring | Eastern | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Victoria | North-West\ | | 1853 | |
| | South-West | | | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Wanman | Eastern | | 1950s | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Warramboo | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Weld | Eastern | | 1901 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Wellington | South-West | | 1835 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Wells | Eastern | | 1925 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Williams | South-West | | 1835 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Windell | North-West | | 1897 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Yamarna | Eastern | | 1930 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Yelina | Eastern | | 1903 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Yilgarn | Eastern | | 1900 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Yowalga | Eastern | | 1932 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
| Yurabi | Kimberley | | 1906 | |
+----------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------------------------+
## Counties
Historically, there were 26 counties in the south-western part of the state, designated shortly after the Swan River Colony was founded in 1829. It was originally intended for these to be subdivided into hundreds and parishes in a manner similar to South Australia, but this did not occur, as the division/district system took precedence
| 1,115 |
Lands administrative divisions of Western Australia
| 2 |
10,097,547 |
# Isabelle Gatti de Gamond
**Isabelle Laure Gatti de Gamond** (28 July 1839 -- 11 October 1905) was a Belgian educationalist, feminist, and politician.
## Life
Isabelle Gatti was the second of four daughters born to Giovanni Gatti, an Italian artist, and feminist writer Zoé de Gamond, of Brussels. Born in Paris, her family moved to Brussels when she was five, having lost their fortune in a failed phalanstère---a utopian community inspired by the writings of utopian socialist Charles Fourier---at Cîteaux.
Her mother, an inspector of girl\'s schools, died in 1854, and the family\'s genteel poverty forced Isabelle to seek employment. She found this in Poland, working as a governess with a Polish noble family. It was at this time that she became an autodidact, teaching herself Ancient Greek, Latin, and philosophy.
She returned to Brussels in 1861, and continued her education by following public courses organised by the city government. Her ideas on education had already been formed, and in 1862 she launched the journal *L\'Education de la Femme* (*Women\'s Education*) which championed the cause of schooling for girls.
In 1864, with the financial assistance of the city council, she launched the first systematic courses of secondary female education (*Cours d\'Éducation pour jeunes filles*). Exceptionally for Belgium of the time, this venture was entirely independent of the Roman Catholic Church, and provided the very first organised secular education for women in Belgium.
The Catholic press opposed her work, but the school was a success. Among the teachers were Marie Popelin, Henriette Dachsbeck, and Anna-Augustine Amoré, mother of Marie Janson. Mayor of Brussels Charles Buls was a staunch supporter and assisted in the creation of an advanced, pre-university section in 1891.
Gatti retired from educational work in 1899 and entered politics as an activist for the Belgian Labour Party. Her work towards universal adult suffrage was disappointingly thwarted by the party\'s leadership, who suspended support for women\'s rights to vote in 1901. They expected women to vote for the Catholic Party.
## Legacy
In polls held by Belgian TV stations in 2005 to find the greatest Belgians, she was voted 55th in the De Grootste Belg, the Dutch-language series, and 88th in the Le plus grand Belge, the French-language programme.
She is buried in Uccle where the street where she lived bears her name
| 384 |
Isabelle Gatti de Gamond
| 0 |
10,097,604 |
# University of Nouakchott Al Aasriya
The **University of Nouakchott Al Aasriya** (*Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya*, *جامعة نواكشوط*) is a university in the city of Nouakchott, capital of Mauritania.
## History
The university was created in July 2016 from the merger of the University of Science, Technology and Medicine and the University of Nouakchott, that was established in 1981 and has more than 12,000 students
| 66 |
University of Nouakchott Al Aasriya
| 0 |
10,097,608 |
# Mercedes Boy
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{{single chart|Canadatopsingles|14|chartid=8568|rowheader=true|access-date=November 26, 2022}}
^
``
| 20 |
Mercedes Boy
| 0 |
10,097,635 |
# Philip Stanhope (diplomat)
**Philip Stanhope** (2 May 1732 -- 16 November 1768) was the illegitimate son of Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, to whom the famous *Letters to His Son* were addressed. His mother was a French governess, Madelina Elizabeth du Bouchet.
## Career
Despite his father taking great pains to educate him and using his influence to obtain various diplomatic appointments for what he hoped would be a high-flying career, Stanhope was treated with disdain by many because of his illegitimacy. He was a Member of Parliament for Liskeard and St Germans. The government in 1764 wished to get possession of his seat, asked him to vacate it, and after some negotiation agreed on receiving a payment of £1,000, which was half the amount that he (or his father) had paid for it. He was also successively Resident at Hamburg (1752--59) and Envoy Extraordinary to the Diet of Ratisbon, (1763) and on 3 April 1764, he was finally appointed to the Court of Dresden, Saxony.
## Family
Stanhope had met his wife, Eugenia Peters, in Rome in the spring of 1750 while on the Grand Tour. He was just 18, and she 20. Believed incorrectly by many to be the illegitimate daughter of an Irish gentleman by the name of Domville, Eugenia was described by one observer as \"plain almost to ugliness\" but possessing \"the most careful education and all the choicest accomplishments of her sex\". Her mother was noted, however, to have been \"a true English goody, vulgar and unbred.\" Stanhope and Eugenia\'s two sons, Charles and Philip, were born in London in 1761 and 1763 respectively, and it was not until 25 September 1767 that he and Eugenia were married in Dresden. Stanhope went to great lengths to keep the relationship a secret from his father to the extent of engaging a separate habitation for his wife and children.
He had never lived up to the demands of his father to adopt the habits and graces he insisted were essential to succeed in life. His father issued repeated threats that unless he did as he was told he would lose his father's love, and if he were not to succeed in life it would be his own fault. At the age of 14 his father wrote: "I shall love you extremely, while you deserve it; but not one moment longer."
He did not rise as expected in the diplomatic services and preferred instead an unpretentious domestic life. Often in ill health, he died of dropsy in St Gervais, France, on 16 November 1768, aged only 36, and is buried at Vaucluse. It was generally believed that only after the death of his beloved son that Lord Chesterfield learned of the existence of Philip\'s wife and children. He received them kindly and took upon himself the cost of education and maintenance of his grandsons and became very attached to them.
When Lord Chesterfield died in 1773, his will caused much gossip. He provided for the two grandsons with £100 annuity each, as well as £10,000, but left Eugenia Stanhope nothing. Faced with the problem of supporting herself, she sold Chesterfield\'s letters to a publisher, J. Dodsley, for 1500 guineas. Chesterfield had never intended them for publication, and the result was a storm of controversy because of their perceived \"immorality\", which ensured several reprints and their steady sale for at least 100 years. Eugenia died at her home in Limpsfield, Surrey, in 1783 and had acquired property and a comfortable fortune. She also wrote *The deportment of a married life: laid down in a series of letters*, which was published in 1798.
In a codicil to her will, she directed her sons \"to live in strict unity and friendship with one another, not to dissipate their fortunes and to beware of all human beings\".
Philip and Eugenia\'s sons were educated in the law. The elder son Philip married Elizabeth Daniel, had two daughters and died aged 38 in 1801. The survivor of his two daughters, Eugenia Keir, née Stanhope, died at Madeira in 1823, with no surviving issue. The younger son, Charles, died in 1845, aged 83, without issue and bequeathed most of his estate, which included Lord Chesterfield\'s bequests to both himself and his late brother and his mother\'s properties, to the sons of Elizabeth Daniel\'s brother Edward Daniel, barrister-at-law
| 724 |
Philip Stanhope (diplomat)
| 0 |
10,097,656 |
# Jeff Wright (defensive back)
**Jeff Ralph Wright** (born June 13, 1949) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL) from 1971 to 1977, appearing in three Super Bowls. He finished his NFL career with 12 interceptions and 9 fumbles recovered in 82 regular season games. After graduating from Edina High School, Wright played college football for the Minnesota Golden Gophers, earning first-team All-Big Ten Confeence honors in 1970. He was selected by his hometown team in 15th round of the 1971 NFL draft
| 97 |
Jeff Wright (defensive back)
| 0 |
10,097,663 |
# Geoffrey Bruun
**Geoffrey Bruun** (20 October 1898 -- 13 July 1988) was a historian and biographer who taught at New York University from 1927 until 1941. He was born in Montreal, Quebec and received a bachelor\'s degree from the University of British Columbia, and master\'s and doctoral degrees from Cornell University. After retiring as a professor of history from N.Y.U., he was a visiting professor at Cornell, Mt. Holyoke College, Smith College, the University of Illinois, and Georgetown University.
He was the author of several books on European history, including *Europe and the French Imperium, 1799--1814,* published in 1938; *Europe in Evolution,* (1945) and *Europe and America Since 1492* (1954), as well as a biography of Georges Clemenceau, the French statesman, published in 1943.
Although he wrote book reviews for the *Saturday Review of Literature* and other journals, Bruun is most widely known for his textbooks, including *A Survey of European Civilization*, which he wrote in collaboration with Wallace K. Ferguson and which has gone through several editions since its publication in 1936.
Bruun died at the age of 89 of a kidney ailment at his home in Ithaca, New York
| 192 |
Geoffrey Bruun
| 0 |
10,097,665 |
# Glenmoor Gardens
**\'Glenmoor Gardens**\' is a neighborhood of nearly 1,900 homes in central Fremont, California and is Fremont\'s largest subdivision. The neighborhood is bounded, approximately, by I-880 on the west, Mowry Avenue to the south, Central Avenue to the north, and Fremont Boulevard on the east.
In the 19th century there were seven large farms in the Glenmoor area, including those of Garrett Norris, Herman Eggers, Robert Blacow, Martin Brophy, and Ashley Cameron. Glenmoor Gardens was largely developed on the sites of the Norris, Eggers, Cameron, and Brophy farms. The lands of Norris and Eggers covered 275 acres between Blacow Road and Fremont Boulevard; the Cameron and Brophy farms covered 320 acres below Blacow Road.
## The Glenmoor Companies {#the_glenmoor_companies}
In the 1950s and 1960s, Glenmoor Gardens was developed as tracts of single family residences, with a neighborhood commercial area and several apartment buildings at its center, by Glenmoor Homes, Inc., and other businesses owned by James L. Reeder, Sr., James Meyer, and Ralph Cotter, Jr. They also built several apartment and shopping complexes in the Fremont area.
## Glenmoor Gardens Homeowners Association {#glenmoor_gardens_homeowners_association}
The Glenmoor Gardens Homeowners Association is a governing body of elected homeowners in the neighborhood. The association has a design review committee that oversees house appearance, lawn care, remodels, fencing and/or any visual impact from a property to the rest of the neighborhood.
The association owns two parks. Both Meyer Park and Alta Park have picnic areas and children\'s play areas open to all residents.
### Glenmoor Gardens Swim and Tennis Club {#glenmoor_gardens_swim_and_tennis_club}
Glenmoor Gardens Homeowners Association has two swimming pools, one at Meyer Park and one at Alta Park. also 3 lighted Tennis Courts at Alta Park with 2 Basketball Courts. All facilities are available to Glenmoor homeowners with a yearly subscription or for a daily fee.
### Events
Major holidays are marked by festivities. There is a neighborhood Fourth of July parade, with bikes, strollers and even lawn mowers decked out and on parade. After the parade, the pool at Alta Park is open for a free swim and many residents participate in a BBQ cookout.
A 110 ft Redwood Tree in Meyer Park is lit to welcome the Christmas holiday season with caroling and a visit from Santa, too. Halloween carnivals, an Easter Bunny visit and an annual flea market (all volunteer coordinated and run) continue the festive, neighborhood spirit throughout the year.`{{Fact|date=April 2007}}`{=mediawiki}
## Education
Glenmoor is in the Fremont Unified School District. Three of the District\'s schools are located in Glenmoor: Glenmoor Elementary School, Maloney Elementary School, and Mattos Elementary School. Glenmoor and Maloney are in the attendance area for Centerville Junior High School and Washington High School. Students in the Mattos attendance area go on to Walters Junior High School and John F. Kennedy High School. Glenmoor is also in the Ohlone Community College District
| 476 |
Glenmoor Gardens
| 0 |
10,097,677 |
# 3C-BZ
**3C-BZ**, also known as **4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyamphetamine** or as **3C-benzscaline**, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted amphetamine. 3C-BZ was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin.
## Use and effects {#use_and_effects}
In Shulgin\'s book *PiHKAL*, the dosage range is listed as 25--200 mg and the duration as 18--24 hours. According to anecdotal reports from the substance\'s entry in PiHKAL, 3C-BZ\'s effects can vary significantly, ranging from intensified emotions and strange dreams, to effects similar to those of LSD or TMA.
## Chemistry
### Synthesis
3C-BZ was originally synthesized by Alexander Shulgin starting from 5-methoxyeugenol (4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol) through a reaction with benzyl chloride to form the benzyloxy derivative of 5-methoxyeugenol. The obtained benzyl derivative was reacted with tetranitromethane to form 1-\[4-(benzyloxy)-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl\]-2-nitro-1-propene, from which 3C-BZ is obtained by reduction of the nitropropene with lithium aluminium hydride.
Another possible synthetic route would be the reaction of benzyl chloride with syringaldehyde to form 3,5-dimethoxy-4-benzyloxybenzaldehyde followed by condensation with nitroethane to form 1-\[4-(benzyloxy)-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl\]-2-nitro-1-propene. The obtained nitropropene can be reduced using lithium aluminium hydride, Red-Al, or an aluminium-mercury amalgam
| 172 |
3C-BZ
| 0 |
10,097,713 |
# 2007 West Coast Conference men's basketball tournament
The **2007 West Coast Conference men\'s basketball tournament** took place March 2--5, 2007 at the Chiles Center on the campus of the University of Portland in Portland, Oregon. The semifinals were televised by ESPN2, and the championship game was televised by ESPN.
The top seed, Gonzaga, won the tournament for the fourth straight season, and advanced to the NCAA tournament for the 9th straight time
| 73 |
2007 West Coast Conference men's basketball tournament
| 0 |
10,097,738 |
# Engelsstaub
**Engelsstaub** (German for \"Angel dust\") is a German dark wave band, founded in 1992 by Mark Hofmann as a follow-up to his previous band Les Fleurs du Mal.
## Music
Engelsstaub\'s music leans toward the neofolk/neo-medieval end of the gothic spectrum, with stylistic similarities to bands like Ataraxia, The Dreamside and Faith and the Muse.
## Biography
Hofmann began the band in 1992 as a solo project, but after releasing the 7\" single *Unholy* was joined by his sister Silke Hofmann and Polish musician Janusz Zaremba, with whom he also co-founded the independent record label Apollyon
| 98 |
Engelsstaub
| 0 |
10,097,741 |
# Talk to the Animals (TV series)
***Talk to the Animals*** is an Australian television series. It originally was broadcast on the Seven Network between 1993 and 1996, where it was hosted by Harry Cooper. In 2006, the show was relaunched on the Nine Network with Nicky Buckley and the veterinarian Chris Brown hosting. In 2010, Dr. Katrina Warren took over the hosting duties. The program also screened internationally on Animal Planet. The series focuses on the extraordinary relationships between people and animals. It ranges from adventures in the wild to domestic pet advice
| 94 |
Talk to the Animals (TV series)
| 0 |
10,097,776 |
# Heart-Shaped Box (novel)
***Heart-Shaped Box*** is the debut horror novel by American author Joe Hill. The book was published on February 13, 2007, by William Morrow.
The titles of the novel and its four sections are all those of rock songs: \"Heart-Shaped Box\" by Nirvana, \"Black Dog\" by Led Zeppelin, \"Ride On\" by AC/DC, \"Hurt\" by Nine Inch Nails, and \"Alive\" by Pearl Jam.
## Synopsis
Aging rock star Judas Coyne spends his retirement collecting morbid memorabilia, including a witch\'s confession, a real snuff film and, after being sent an email directly about the item online, a dead man\'s funeral suit. Jude is informed by Jessica Price, the dead man\'s daughter, that the old man\'s spirit is attached to the suit, so that Jude is effectively buying a ghost. Jude cannot pass up this creepy opportunity.
The suit arrives in a heart-shaped box. Various odd occurrences cause Jude to realize that the ghost is deadly and means to kill him and those around him. His assistant, Danny Wooten, kills himself, but not before contacting the woman who sent the suit. Jude finds out that the ghost was the stepfather of a groupie, Florida, with whom Jude lived for a few months and who later committed suicide. The ghost holds Jude responsible for Florida\'s death and wants revenge. Jude flees his house with his current girlfriend, Georgia, with the ghost in pursuit.
The ghost intends to separate Jude from his two dogs, Angus and Bon, who, as familiars, can protect their owners from the dead. Jude and Georgia take the dogs with them while fleeing south. The dogs save them several times, but the ghost eventually succeeds. Jude and Georgia discover that Florida had been hypnotised and molested by her stepfather, Craddock McDermott. When Florida threatened to turn in Craddock and her elder sister Jessica to the police, they killed her and staged her death as a suicide. Later, a dying Craddock hexed the suit and arranged for Jessica to sell it to Jude.
After a series of gory battles between Jude and Craddock, Georgia finds a way to contact Florida beyond the grave for help fighting her stepfather\'s ghost. In the end, Craddock is vanquished, freeing Jude and Georgia from his curse, and Jessica is sent to jail. After surviving the horrendous ordeal, Jude and Georgia eventually marry.
## Publication
Hill received a great deal of attention with the publication of *Heart-Shaped Box*. Subterranean Press published the advance edition of 500 copies and they sold out within days, long before publication. The limited signed and numbered 200 copies and 15 lettered copies are sought after by Joe Hill book collectors. A second printing of the limited edition was announced by Subterranean Press on April 14, 2007, and released in May 2007. The second printing sold out within hours of being announced. Hill went on an international tour promoting his book which ended in April 2007.
## Reception
*Heart-Shaped Box* peaked on *The New York Times* bestseller list at #8, *Heart-Shaped Box* won the 2007 Bram Stoker Award for Best First Novel. It was reviewed by the *New York Times* and *Time* magazine, which praised its characterization and lack of sentimentality.
## Adaptations
The film rights to *Heart-Shaped Box* were acquired by Warner Bros. in 2007 to be produced by Akiva Goldsman. Irish director Neil Jordan wrote the script and was slated to direct. The project stalled in development hell
| 570 |
Heart-Shaped Box (novel)
| 0 |
10,097,801 |
# Jeff Wright (defensive tackle)
**Jeffrey Dee Wright** (born June 13, 1963) is an American former professional football nose tackle who had a seven-year career in the National Football League (NFL) with the Buffalo Bills, who selected him in the eighth round of the 1988 NFL draft. He became the Bills starting nose tackle in his third season. He played in four Super Bowls for the Bills, all losing efforts. Wright played college football first at Coffeyville Community College in Kansas, and then at Central Missouri State University, now known as the University of Central Missouri
| 96 |
Jeff Wright (defensive tackle)
| 0 |
10,097,802 |
# Solbourne Computer
**Solbourne Computer, Inc.** was originally a vendor of computer systems based in Longmont, Colorado, United States, at first 52% owned by Matsushita. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the company produced a range of computer workstations and servers based on the SPARC microprocessor architecture, largely compatible with Sun Microsystems\' Sun-4 systems. Some of these are notable for supporting symmetric multiprocessing some time before Sun themselves produced multiprocessor systems. Even when Sun produced multiprocessor systems, SunOS uses an asymmetric multiprocessing model rather than OS/MP\'s symmetric multiprocessing model; Sun would not adopt symmetric multiprocessing until the release of Solaris 2.0 in 1992. Due to the cost of engineering and producing new systems to compete with Sun\'s increasingly competitive hardware offerings and the loss of symmetric multiprocessing as a distinguishing feature, in 1994, Solbourne left the computer hardware business, with Grumman Systems Support Corporation taking over support for Solbourne customers until 2000.
In 1994, Walt Pounds assumed the role of CEO of Solbourne, and the Solbourne headquarters were moved to Boulder, Colorado. From that point until July 2008, Solbourne focused on providing consulting services and solutions based on Oracle Applications and associated technologies. Solbourne established a strong reputation in the Oracle E-Business Suite community, and became a dominant provider of consulting services to state and local Oracle E-Business Suite customers.
On July 11, 2008, Solbourne closed a transaction to sell substantially all of the company assets to Deloitte Consulting. The Solbourne management team and more than 100 professionals joined Deloitte\'s Enterprise Applications, Technology Integration and Human Capital service areas.
## Models
Solbourne\'s range comprises the following:
- Multiprocessor workstations and servers using the KBus 64-bit inter-processor bus:
- **Series4**: 16.67 MHz Fujitsu MB86900 processor(s)
- **Series5**: 33 MHz Cypress CY7C601 processor(s)
- **Series5e**: 40 MHz Cypress CY7C601 processor(s)
- **Series6**: 33 MHz SuperSPARC processor(s)
- **Series6E**: 50 MHz SuperSPARC processor(s)
- Single-processor IDT (Integrated DeskTop) workstations based on the Panasonic MN10501 KAP SPARC-compatible processor:
- **S3000**: portable workstation with integrated plasma display
- **S4000**: 33 MHz CPU \"pizza-box\"-style desktop workstation
- **S4000DX**: 36 MHz S4000 with secondary processor cache
The MN10501 processor had been developed by Solbourne in association with Matsushita, providing a single-chip product featuring an integrated floating-point arithmetic unit, memory management hardware, branch prediction logic, 8 KB of cache memory, a 64-bit data bus, and \"mostly 64-bit data paths on chip\".
## Operating systems {#operating_systems}
All Solbourne systems run **OS/MP**, a modified version of SunOS 4.1 supporting multiprocessor systems. The final release of OS/MP was 4.1D, corresponding to SunOS 4.1.3.
, some work has been done in porting OpenBSD to Solbourne IDT workstations
| 436 |
Solbourne Computer
| 0 |
10,097,822 |
# View from the Vault, Volume Four
***View from the Vault, Volume Four*** (styled as ***View from the Vault IV***) is the fourth release in the \"View from the Vault\" series of rock concert recordings by the Grateful Dead. Like the other entries in the series, it was released simultaneously on CD and as a DVD concert video. However, unlike the previous 3-CD volumes, *View from the Vault IV* is a 4-CD set. This volume contains selections from two consecutive shows in California --- July 24, 1987, at Oakland Stadium, and July 26, 1987 at Anaheim Stadium.
These concerts were recorded during the Bob Dylan and the Grateful Dead 1987 Tour. On this brief tour, the Grateful Dead played two sets followed by a performance by Bob Dylan, with the Dead providing his accompaniment (some of those performances are documented on the album *Dylan & the Dead*). All four Dead sets from these two dates are included in the release, but the sets with Dylan are not. Also not included are the \"Touch of Grey\" encores the Dead played both nights with Dylan on guitar (followed by an additional Dylan song). Additionally, the CD version includes \"Friend of the Devil\", \"Me & My Uncle\", and \"Big River\", which do not appear on the DVD.
*View from the Vault IV* was the first \"View from the Vault\" that was not also released on VHS videotape. It was the first DVD of the series that included the option of either a two-channel stereo or a Dolby 5.1 channel surround sound soundtrack. It was the final title in the \"View from the Vault\" series, and was followed eight months later by *The Closing of Winterland* DVD/CD set.
## Content
*View From The Vault* is the fourth installment in the View from the Vault series. It is also the longest one, with four discs. The concerts were part of the Apart and Together Tour, commonly known as the Dylan & The Dead tour. There would be three sets to each show. The first two sets would be like any other Grateful Dead concert, and the third would be with Bob Dylan. The album has only the Grateful Dead\'s sets from these shows.
## Reception
The two shows, especially the latter one, have been highly regarded. They are considered some of the best shows of 1987. It has gotten positive ratings from critics.
| 398 |
View from the Vault, Volume Four
| 0 |
10,097,822 |
# View from the Vault, Volume Four
## Track listing {#track_listing}
### July 24, 1987 -- Oakland Stadium, Oakland, California {#july_24_1987_oakland_stadium_oakland_california}
**Disc 1**\
*First set:*
1. \"Funiculi Funicula\" (Luigi Denza) -- 3:52
2. \"Jack Straw\" (Bob Weir, Robert Hunter) - 5:59
3. \"Mississippi Half-Step Uptown Toodeloo\" (Jerry Garcia, Hunter) - 9:30
4. \"My Brother Esau\" (Weir, John Barlow) - 5:01
5. \"Friend Of The Devil\" (Garcia, John Dawson, Hunter) - 9:06
6. \"Me & My Uncle\" \> (John Phillips) - 3:08
7. \"Big River\" (Johnny Cash) - 6:07
8. \"When Push Comes To Shove\" (Garcia, Hunter) - 5:26
9. \"Far From Me\" (Brent Mydland) - 4:24
10. \"Cassidy\" \> (Weir, Barlow) - 6:57
11. \"Deal\" (Garcia, Hunter) - 7:57
**Notes** `{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha|refs=
<ref name="tico">Also contains a "[[Tico-Tico no Fubá]]"</ref>
<ref name="rele">On CD version only</ref>
|close}}`{=mediawiki} **Disc 2**\
*Second set:*
1. \"Hell In A Bucket\" \> (Weir, Barlow) - 5:58
2. \"Scarlet Begonias\" (Garcia, Hunter) - 7:36
3. \"Playing In The Band\" \> (Weir, Mickey Hart, Hunter) - 10:46
4. \"Drums\" \> (Bill Kreutzmann, Hart) - 7:01
5. \"Space\" \> (Grateful Dead) - 5:49
6. \"Uncle John\'s Band\" \> (Garcia, Hunter) - 7:17
7. \"Dear Mr. Fantasy\" \> (Jim Capaldi, Steve Winwood, Chris Wood) - 6:26
8. \"I Need A Miracle\" \> (Weir, Barlow) - 3:35
9. \"Bertha\" \> (Garcia, Hunter) - 7:01
10. \"Sugar Magnolia\" (Weir, Hunter) - 9:22
### July 26, 1987 -- Anaheim Stadium, Anaheim, California {#july_26_1987_anaheim_stadium_anaheim_california}
**Disc 3**\
*First set:*
1. \"Iko Iko\" (James Crawford) - 6:36
2. \"New Minglewood Blues\" (Noah Lewis) - 7:53
3. \"Tons of Steel\" (Mydland) - 5:36
4. \"West L.A. Fadeaway\" (Garcia, Hunter) - 7:48
5. \"When I Paint My Masterpiece\" \> (Bob Dylan) - 3:45
6. \"Mexicali Blues\" (Weir, Barlow) - 4:51
7. \"Bird Song\" \> (Garcia, Hunter) - 8:41
8. \"Promised Land\" (Chuck Berry) - 4:26
**Note** `{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha|refs=
<ref name="rsd">Also released in 2013, for [[Record Store Day]], as a [[Split album|split]] 7" single featuring the Grateful Dead, [[The Dixie Cups]] and [[Dr. John]] performing separate renditions of the song</ref>
|close}}`{=mediawiki} **Disc 4**\
*Second set:*
1. \"Shakedown Street\" \> (Garcia, Hunter) - 12:23
2. \"Looks Like Rain\" \> (Weir, Barlow) - 8:23
3. \"Terrapin Station\" \> (Garcia, Hunter) - 11:47
4. \"Drums\" \> (Kreutzmann, Hart) - 8:36
5. \"Space\" \> (Grateful Dead) - 6:23
6. \"The Other One\" \> (Weir, Kreutzmann) - 6:47
7. \"Stella Blue\" \> (Garcia, Hunter) - 7:12
8. \"Throwing Stones\" \> (Weir, Barlow) - 8:48
9
| 408 |
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| 1 |
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# Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History
The **Regius Chair of Ecclesiastical History** at the University of Oxford was founded by Queen Victoria in 1842. Previous Holders of the chair include John McManners, Peter Hinchliff and Henry Mayr-Harting.
The current Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History is Sarah Foot (from Michaelmas 2007). She is also a Canon of Christ Church, Oxford
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# 2007 WAC men's basketball tournament
The **2007 WAC men\'s basketball tournament** was March 6--10 in the Pan American Center in Las Cruces, New Mexico . The winners of the tournament were the second-seeded New Mexico State Aggies, the host team. Regular season champion #10 Nevada was upset in the semifinals by Utah State.
In the NCAA tournament, New Mexico State was seeded #13 in the East region and lost in the first round; Nevada was the #7 seed in the South region and advanced to the second round.
Fresno State and Utah State made the National Invitation Tournament (NIT), but both lost road games in the first round
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# James Tarjan
**James Edward Tarjan** (born February 22, 1952, in Pomona, California) is an American chess Grandmaster.
## Biography
James Tarjan\'s father, George Tarjan (1912-1991), raised in Hungary, was a child psychiatrist. James Tarjan\'s older brother Robert became a computer scientist and mathematician.
James Tarjan was 17 when he was selected to the American team for the 1969 World Students\' Olympiad, at Dresden. He was a member of the winning American side at Haifa 1970, and was selected again at Graz 1972.
He finished second at an invitational junior tournament at Norwich 1972, with 12/15, behind Hungarian Gyula Sax.
He earned his International Master title in 1974, followed by the Grandmaster title in 1976. He played for the American team at five straight chess Olympiads. He began at Nice 1974, then played at Haifa 1976, Buenos Aires 1978, Valletta 1980, and Lucerne 1982.
His best results in international tournaments include first at Subotica 1975, first at Vancouver 1976, and first equal at Vršac 1983, along with Predrag Nikolić and Georgy Agzamov. Other good finishes included tied for third at Chicago 1973 with 7/11; tied for fifth at Venice 1974 with 7.5/13; and an excellent tied second at Bogotá 1979, with 10.5/14, behind only Alexander Beliavsky.
Tarjan played in several U.S. Championships during the 1970s and 1980s. He was fourth at El Paso 1973 with 7.5/12. At Oberlin 1975, he ended up tied for sixth with a score of 6.5/13. At Pasadena 1978, which was the Zonal qualifier, he tied for second with 10.5/14, and advanced to the 1979 Riga Interzonal, part of the World Championship cycle. He scored 8.5/17 and did not advance; the tournament was won by former World Champion Mikhail Tal. Tarjan\'s last competitive tournament for three decades was the 1984 U.S. Championship at Berkeley, where he finished tied for third, scoring 10.5/17.
In 1984, Tarjan gave up professional chess to become a librarian. He is a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley, and received his MLS from UCLA.
In 2014, Tarjan re-entered the tournament chess world. He played in the U.S. Open in Orlando in August finishing with 7.0/9, half a point behind a six-way tie for first place. Subsequently, he played in the PokerStars International Tournament on the Isle of Man in October 2014. He also competed in the Larry Evans Memorial in Reno, Nevada, over the Easter weekend, finishing in an 8-way tie for second.
In the 2017 Isle of Man International Masters tournament, he defeated former world champion Vladimir Kramnik in the third round.
He won the Oregon Open held in Portland, Oregon, under sponsorship of the Oregon Chess Federation and Portland Chess Club in 2017. He tied for 7th place in 2018 US Open held in Wisconsin. He won 2018 Seattle Chess Classic with 7--2 score, which included two half-point byes. He took the Age 50+ prize also. On National Chess Day October 13, 2018, he was scheduled to give a 20-board simul at Vancouver Mall in Vancouver, Washington. He scored 14--0
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# Dulce Nombre de Maria Cathedral Basilica
**Dulce Nombre de Maria Cathedral Basilica** (*Catedral Basílica del Dulce Nombre de María*) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Guam. It is the seat of the archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agaña. It is located on the site where the island\'s first Catholic church was constructed in 1669, under the guidance of Father Diego San Vitores. The present building looms above the palm trees and is a familiar landmark in downtown Hagåtña. The basilica enshrines the image of Santa Marian Kamalen, Patroness of Guam.
## History
The precursor of the current basilica was a *capilla* (chapel) of rough logs and nipa thatch built within the perimeter of the Plaza de España. The church was the focal point for administrative buildings were built. Built under the direction of Padre Diego Luis de San Vitores, with the assistance of the Chamorros of Hagåtña, it was dedicated on February 2, 1669.
Queen María Ana donated 300 pesos, and Chief Quipuha of Hagåtña contributed the land. In 1670, a more permanent structure was erected. Built of coral stones with the technique of *mampostería*, this structural foundation expanded to become the cathedral. Within this structure were walls, ceilings and floors constructed of *ifit* wood. A fresco on the rear wall depicted the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. This building stood for centuries until its destruction by bombardment during the 1944 Second Battle of Guam.
According to historian Benigno Palomo, in 1669 one of the main missions of the Spanish soldiers and missionaries was to exalt \"the Catholic faith\" and that \"the people living in islands and land of this sort, you will and ought to bring to the Christian religion\", from the Bill of Partition issued by Pope Alexander VI.
Other churches were built at Fu'una near Humåtak, at Tepungan by Asan, at Ritidian, at Tarrague, at Dededo and at Orote. Initially, many of these churches were ruined by native Chamorros in efforts to regain independence, while were destroyed by natural causes. Chamorros gradually accepted the Catholic faith of the Spanish as their own.
Before the World War II, there were nine churches and 22 chapels throughout Guam. These chapels were little sanctuaries between villages where one could privately pray during long journeys to and from home. All were destroyed in the liberation of Guam except those dedicated to San Dionisio in Humåtak, San José in Inalåhan and San Francisco at Yoʼña.
The present cathedral-basilica was dedicated on `{{nowrap|April 20, 1959}}`{=mediawiki}, and celebrated its golden jubilee in 2009. The cathedral-basilica serves as a local landmark and is home to a community of parishioners who regularly attend Sunday Masses, sacred liturgies and annual events. It is also a place where Guam\'s visitors embrace the island\'s rich Catholic history and identity.
The National Museum of the Dulce Nombre de María is located above the Chapel of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux. The museum features changing displays of inspirational art created by local artists
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# HMS Marazion
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``
| 19 |
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| 0 |
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# CKMP-FM
**CKMP-FM** is a Canadian radio station serving Calgary, Alberta broadcasting at 90.3 FM. Owned by Stingray Group, it broadcasts a Top 40/CHR format branded as *90.3 Amp Radio*. The station first signed on the air in 2007 as an alternative rock station branded as *Fuel 90.3* with its original call letters **CFUL-FM**, before adopting its current format in 2009. CKMP\'s studios are located on Centre Street in Eau Claire, while its transmitter is located on Old Banff Coach Road.
As of Fall 2023, CKMP is the 2nd-most-listened-to radio station in the Calgary market according to a PPM data report released by Numeris.
## History
### Fuel (2007--2009) {#fuel_20072009}
On August 2, 2006, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) approved an application by Newcap Broadcasting for a new adult album alternative radio station to serve the city of Calgary. The station soft launched for testing on March 17, 2007 under the brand name *Fuel 90.3*, with the callsign **CFUL-FM**.
Program director Murray Brookshaw explained that the main goal of *Fuel* was to \"respect the music of the past but *\[..\]* uncover the new as well\", promising a balance between classic rock hits and modern material. Among the station\'s initial on-air personalities were two alumni from CFGQ-FM, including morning co-host Frazier (who worked a similar position at CFGQ when it was the top 40-formatted *Power 107*), and midday host Laurie Healey (who worked for the station when it was the adult contemporary-formatted *The Peak 107.3*).
In 2009, the CRTC approved a request by Newcap to increase the power of CFUL\'s signal to an effective radiated power of 100,000 watts.
### Amp Radio (2009--present) {#amp_radio_2009present}
On June 20, 2009, at 6PM, after playing \"Know Your Enemy\" by Green Day, CFUL flipped to Top 40/CHR as *90.3 Amp Radio*; the new format launched with a marathon of 10,000 songs played commercial-free, with the first being \"Don\'t Stop the Music\" by Rihanna. Afterwards, the station changed its call sign to **CKMP-FM**. Following the switch to Amp, the station began attracting controversy for a number of unconventional on-air promotions. In June 2011, CKMP held a contest known as *Breast Summer Ever*---in which the station would give away a breast implant, valued at \$10,000. Entrants submitted a photo of themselves and explained why they wanted the implant; a shortlist of 10 entries were chosen by judges, and the winner was decided by an online poll. The contest was met with mixed reaction; the station\'s program manager Kris Mazurak stated that the contest had received a positive reaction, given that \"somebody out there that wants that prize\", while a critic believed that the promotion could have a positive response if the prize were to go to someone in legitimate need of a breast implant, such as a woman suffering from breast cancer. However, the station also received criticism for the promotion, particularly from those who felt that it was sexist and promoted the objectification of women (even though the station did not specifically restrict the contest to females), and the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council received two complaints about the contest upon its introduction. After receiving 76% of 30,000 votes, the implant was awarded to a trans woman who had been affected by the provincial government\'s decision to drop funding for gender reassignment operations as part of budget cuts.
In March 2013, CKMP\'s morning show held a stunt contest entitled *Bank It or Burn It*, in which listeners were asked to vote via social media on whether \$5,000 in cash would be saved, or burned in an incinerator. If a majority of listeners voted to save the money, those who voted in favor would be entered into a contest with the money as a prize. Ultimately, 54% of viewers voted in favour of burning the money, which was presented in a video set to Ellie Goulding\'s song \"Burn\". Reaction to the stunt was negative; local charities complained that the money could have been donated instead of burned (and in turn, encouraged listeners to donate themselves), a listener started a petition demanding that CKMP be taken off the air, and others questioned the legality of the stunt---however, Canadian law only bans the burning of coins, and not paper currency. Morning show host Katie Summers defended the stunt, stating that \"Part of me is glad we burned the money. A week ago, all of the same people and all of the same charities in this city were just as in need. Only now, after an awfully tragic social experiment, are they the forefront of everyone\'s mind. Maybe this sparked a conversation we needed to have.\" In turn, the station announced it would perform a second round of *Bank It or Burn It*, but with \$10,000 instead. This time, listeners voted to save the money; additionally, the station announced that it would donate \$10,000 to the Children\'s Wish Foundation in the name of the contest\'s winner.
| 817 |
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# CKMP-FM
## History
### Amp Radio (2009--present) {#amp_radio_2009present}
#### 2014 \"QuickHitz\" re-launch {#quickhitz_re_launch}
On July 22, 2014, CKMP\'s program director Paul Kaye left the station to pursue a position at newly acquired sister station CKZZ-FM in Vancouver. At the same time, the station dropped on-air talent and began counting down to an impending \"update\" on August 1 at 9:00 a.m. local time. At that time, CKMP re-launched as simply *90.3 Amp*; while staying as a top 40 station, CKMP adopted a new syndicated format known as \"QuickHitz\", in which the station played edited versions of songs that had been cut to one-and-a-half to two minutes in length, primarily by removing additional choruses and shortening intros. The station promoted that under the new format, it could play approximately 24 songs per hour with only 9 minutes of commercials---doubling the amount of total music played per-hour. Developed by the Vancouver-based firm Sparknet Communications, CKMP was the first Canadian station to adopt the QuickHitz format full-time---it was first introduced by a station in the United States in September 2013. CKMP also introduced hourly \"First Play\" tracks, which present new songs popular in other countries and among social media users.
Steve Jones, Newcap Radio\'s vice president of programming, explained that the format was designed to suit modern listening habits; research concluded that the convention of three to four-and-a-half minute radio edits (a concept which dates back to the 1950s and the need to fit singles on 45 rpm records) was dated, as listeners would use their portable music players to skip through and only listen to portions of songs---developing a short attention span to music. He also noted that with the ability to hear at least six to eight songs in a fifteen-minute span, listeners would feel a better \"sense of momentum and energy\" with the new format. Newcap chose to pilot the format in Calgary, noting the tight market for CHR stations, and because Calgary was a \"progressive, young forward-thinking city\"; the company did not rule out implementing the format on its other stations.
The new format was met with mixed reception; musician Jann Arden made numerous remarks attacking CKMP on Twitter (despite her music not being played by the station because it does not fit its format), contending that the edited songs were unethical and disrespectful to the artists work. She called for a boycott of CKMP due to the changes, and among other remarks, jokingly announced that the NHL had shortened its games to be only one period long, and asked her followers to recommend her \"half a good book\" to read. In response to the boycott, Newcap pulled Jann Arden\'s music from all of its stations. Jones stated that the response to the format was \"generally quite favourable\", with many listeners praising the increased amount of music, but noted that Arden was the only artist to have complained about it yet.
After only three weeks with the format, CKMP dropped QuickHitz on August 19, 2014, and reverted to a standard top 40 format. Jones admitted that while the format \"was greeted with a lot of curiosity\", Newcap had received a number of legal threats about the format, particularly from Canadian artists. He explained that \"in order to successfully do this we were going to face a lengthy and divisive and expensive legal process that we weren\'t willing to do right now, especially when some of those would come from the very content providers we work with---they are partners in our success.\" In regards to Arden\'s complaints, Jones stated that \"we have tremendous amount of respect for the artists that we play and the artists we don\'t play, and the music they make\", but admitted that he foresaw the possibility of complaints.
In January 2019, Stingray Radio began to syndicate CKMP\'s morning show *Katie & Ed* as a national evening show on other Stingray-owned CHR and hot adult contemporary stations. The show consists primarily of content from the morning show, mixed with segments exclusive to the national version
| 668 |
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# 2007 MAC men's basketball tournament
The **2007 Mid-American Conference men\'s basketball tournament** was the post-season men\'s basketball tournament for the Mid-American Conference (MAC) 2006--2007 season. It was won by No. 4 seed Miami University over No. 2 University of Akron 53--52 after a controversial finish. Miami guard Doug Penno banked in a three-point field goal with no time left on the clock to give Miami an apparent one-point victory. However, after a ten-minute delay, officials put 0.6 seconds back on the clock because the game clock did not start properly when Miami rebounded an Akron missed free throw. Because of the win in the conference tournament final, Miami was awarded the MAC\'s automatic berth into the 2007 NCAA Men\'s Division I Basketball Tournament.
The tournament took place from March 7--10 at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland. This was the first year that the entire tournament was held in Cleveland. In previous tournaments the first-round games were played at the higher seeds\' home courts. Comcast Local and FSN Ohio televised the Quarterfinals and Semifinals while ESPN2 broadcast the tournament championship.
## All-tournament team {#all_tournament_team}
- Romeo Travis, Akron
- Jeremiah Wood, Akron
- Giordan Watson, Central Michigan
- Tim Pollitz, Miami (Tournament MVP)
- Michael Bramos, Miami
## Format
Each of the 12 men\'s basketball teams in the MAC received a berth in the conference tournament. Teams were seeded by conference record with the following tie-breakers:
- Head-to-head competition
- Winning percentage vs. ranked conference teams (top to bottom, regardless of division, vs. common opponents regardless of the number of times played)
- Coin flip
The top four seeds received byes into the Quarterfinals. The winners of each division were awarded the No. 1 and No. 2 seeds. The team with the best record of the two received the No. 1 seed.
## Seeding
The following were the seeds for the conference tournament, along with conference record.
1. Toledo, 14--2
2. Akron, 13--3
3. Kent State, 12--4
4. Miami, 10--6
5. Ohio, 9--7 \*
6. Western Michigan, 9--7
7. Central Michigan, 7--9
8. Eastern Michigan, 6--10
9. Ball State, 5--11
10. Buffalo, 4--12 \*\*
11. Northern Illinois, 4--12
12. Bowling Green, 3--13
*\* Received No. 5 seed based on 78--73 head-to-head victory over Western Michigan on February 6.*\
*\*\* Received No. 10 seed based on 80--74 head-to-head victory over Northern Illinois on February 3
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# American Monetary Institute
The **American Monetary Institute** is a non-profit charitable trust established by Stephen Zarlenga in 1996 for the \"independent study of monetary history, theory and reform.\"
## Aims
The institute is dedicated to monetary reform and advocates taking control of the monetary system out of the hands of banks and placing it into the hands of the US Treasury. Zarlenga argues that this would mean money would be issued by government interest free and spent into circulation to promote the general welfare, and that substantial expenditures on infrastructure, including human infrastructure (education and health care) would become the predominant method of putting new money into circulation.
To finally correct the money-creation ceded to private banks by Congress in 1913 through the creation of the Federal Reserve system, Congress could enact the Monetary Reform Act long proposed and vetted by seasoned market veterans of the American Monetary Institute
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# Minstrels' gallery
A **minstrels\' gallery** is a form of balcony, often inside the great hall of a castle or manor house, and used to allow musicians (originally minstrels) to perform, sometimes discreetly hidden from the guests below.
## Notable examples {#notable_examples}
- A rare example of a minstrels\' gallery in a sacred setting can be found in Exeter Cathedral. It is not clear why the term \"musicians\' gallery\" has not been used here instead, as minstrels were always secular performers and would therefore have been forbidden from performing in a liturgical context.
- A fine example of a minstrels\' gallery can also be seen in the Great Hall of Durham Castle, University College, Durham, which was once used for entertainment by the Prince Bishops and is now occasionally used during College Feasts.
- A restored oak minstrels\' gallery is visible in Desmond Hall and Castle, Ireland (15th century)
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# Frenzic
***Frenzic*** is a puzzle game released by The Iconfactory and ARTIS Software on February 20, 2007 for Mac OS X, followed by Nintendo DSiWare in November 2010. According to the game credits, the concept of the game was invented by German developer Wolfgang Ante who gave the idea to The Iconfactory, and later did most of the programming for the game. *Frenzic\'s* tagline is, \"Takes minutes to learn and months to master\", which is heavily agreed on by its reviewers.
A sequel, titled ***Frenzic: Overtime***, was released thirteen years later on June 18, 2021, for modern iOS, macOS, and tvOS devices as part of Apple Arcade.
## Gameplay
The objective of the game is to fill the six circles around the game board with different colored pie wedges that appear on screen before the timer runs out. When a circle is completed with six pie wedges, the wedges disappear, and points are earned for all wedges cleared from the circle. More points are credited when more wedges of the same color are cleared, and vice versa. However, if a wedge is not placed before the timer runs out, a life is lost, prompting the player to make quick decisions. As the game progresses, the timer runs faster. The game ends when all four lives are used up
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# 2007 Horizon League men's basketball tournament
The **2007 Horizon League Men\'s Basketball Tournament** was the final event of the 2006--07 men\'s basketball season for the Horizon League. Wright State won the tournament, defeating Butler in the championship game, to receive the conference\'s automatic berth into the NCAA Tournament
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# Punta Arenas, Peru
**Punta Arenas**, also known as **Punta Arenas Condominium**, is a planned community for workers in the oil industry, northern Peru. It is situated on the coastal outskirts of the city of Talara in Piura region, adjoining the south edge of the Talara refinery. Originally built for workers from the US, today it is the property of state-owned Petroperú.
## History
Punta Arenas was originally built by the International Petroleum Company (IPC). It was designed to house the supervisors and administrative staff. Once an employee of the company (originally Americans) was appointed supervisor, he and his family were relocated and entitled to one of the houses on a loan basis.
It featured all the facilities that a resident American family would need: 110-volt A/C, a constant gas supply, an exclusive two--pool club for residents, a beach, one private residence for the company manager and another one for official guests overlooking the beach, and an elementary school (Talara Staff School) and middle school which initially followed the American school system. Sidewalks were nonexistent, although a 25 km/h speed limit was in place. All houses were equally attractive, with red bricks, flat roofs, ample space, and lawns. There is a resemblance between Punta Arenas and the area of Coral Gables, Florida, coincidentally the location of IPC\'s headquarters in the 1940s.
The neighborhood was organized around the letters of the alphabet. Each block of ten houses was assigned a letter, and each house was given a number. Therefore, a given house would be B-10, or W-5. As years went by, and as need for more houses grew, letter combinations like CH and the letter Z were added. Some blocks of houses were specifically designed for unmarried persons, featuring individual rooms with shared bathrooms.
The Talara refinery was at the core of the 1968 Peruvian coup d\'état. General Juan Velasco Alvarado almost immediately ordered the seizure and nationalization of its operations and premises, creating Petroperú, in what was a symbolically important act for the new government. The electric power gradually moved to Peruvian standards (220 volts), and the school started to follow the Peruvian school system, offering secondary education. During the 1970s, Punta Arenas retained certain American customs like Thanksgiving and Halloween until all the US citizens left or retired from Petroperú. In the 1980s, virtually no Americans lived in Talara or in Punta Arenas.
The 1980s economic crisis during Alan García\'s first government widened inequalities and caused resentment from low-income residents of Talara who saw Punta Arenas and its inhabitants as beneficiaries of special privileges. For example, during the 1983 floods caused by *El Niño*, while the population of the city struggled to find food at excessive prices, Petroperú chartered airplane flights to ship food supplies (including fresh meat and poultry) for its supervisors and their families. Other benefits included transportation, free education, school materials, water, electricity and gas, which were attractive for anyone who accepted to relocate in a now-isolated`{{clarify|date=April 2024}}`{=mediawiki} area of the country.
Towards the end of the 20th century, Punta Arenas became slowly uninhabited due to the decline of Petroperú. Talara refinery faced problems due to declining production and investments and falling oil prices. Some state assets were to be privitized under President Alberto Fujimori\'s CEPRI commission. This included the residences at Punta Arena, which as of 1999 were rented to other companies. However, the privatization did not go ahead. As an attempt to keep Punta Arenas alive, the houses were unsuccessfully offered for sale or rent to private third parties. Many of the houses became derelict and were demolished. Only the houses that surround the club and the school remain
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# 2007 Conference USA men's basketball tournament
The **2007 Conference USA men\'s basketball tournament** took place March 7--10, 2007, at the FedExForum in Memphis, Tennessee
| 25 |
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| 0 |
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# South Staffordshire Railway Walk
**The South Staffordshire Railway Walk** is located in Staffordshire, England. It runs for five and a half miles (about 8.85 km) from Castlecroft to Wall Heath. It is a local nature reserve.
## History
As the name suggests South Staffordshire Railway Walk was originally part of the Wombourne Branch Line built between 1912 and 1925 by the Great Western Railway Company. However it was not very successful and passenger services were withdrawn in 1932. In the aftermath of the D-Day landings in Normandy during The Second World War it was used to transport wounded allied soldiers to various hospitals in the area. It became part of the Western Region of British Railways in 1948 after the nationalisation of the railways.
The line was finally closed in 1965 under the Beeching Report after decline in traffic throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, with the last train running on 24 June 1965.
## Walk
The South Staffordshire Railway Walk starts at Castlecroft and runs for five and a half miles \[about 8.85 km\] to Wall Heath passing through other villages such as Wombourne where the Railway Café is located en route. It has an all weather surface making it accessible to wheelchairs users, pushchairs and cyclists with free car parking located at Wombourne Station and Himley Station. The walk also forms part of the Smestow Valley Leisure Ride (which begins at Aldersley Leisure Village then via the former Tettenhall railway station) to Castlecroft until Wombourne Station
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10,098,114 |
# Shire of Kellerberrin
The **Shire of Kellerberrin** is a local government area in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, about 60 km west of Merredin and about 200 km east of Perth, the state capital. The Shire covers an area of 1917 km2 and its seat of government is the town of Kellerberrin.
## History
On 24 July 1908, the **Kellerberrin Road District** was created, and included large parts of what is now Tammin, Wyalkatchem and Trayning. On 1 July 1961, it became the Shire of Kellerberrin after the *Local Government Act 1960* was enacted, which reformed all remaining road districts into shires.
## Wards
The Shire has seven councillors and no wards. Prior to the elections in May 2003, there were eight councillors representing three wards - East Ward (2), Kellerberrin Ward (4) and West Ward (2).
## Towns and localities {#towns_and_localities}
The towns and localities of the Shire of Kellerberrin with population and size figures based on the most recent Australian census:
Locality data-sort-type=number\|Population data-sort-type=number\|Area Map
-------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- -----
Baandee {{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata \| ListForInfobox \| type=suburb \| wikidata=Q4837165}}
Daadenning Creek {{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata \| ListForInfobox \| type=suburb \| wikidata=Q55448735}}
Doodlakine {{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata \| ListForInfobox \| type=suburb \| wikidata=Q5296983}}
Kellerberrin {{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata \| ListForInfobox \| type=suburb \| wikidata=Q3814382}}
Mount Caroline {{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata \| ListForInfobox \| type=suburb \| wikidata=Q55448739}}
North Baandee {{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata \| ListForInfobox \| type=suburb \| wikidata=Q55448734}}
North Kellerberrin {{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata \| ListForInfobox \| type=suburb \| wikidata=Q55448733}}
South Doodlakine {{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata \| ListForInfobox \| type=suburb \| wikidata=Q55448737}}
## Population
## Notable councillors {#notable_councillors}
- Tom Harrison, Kellerberrin Roads Board member 1911--1915, briefly chairman; later a state MP
- Leslie Diver, Kellerberrin Roads Board member 1933--1946, chairman 1940, 1942--1946; later a state MP
## Heritage-listed places {#heritage_listed_places}
As of 2023, 57 places are heritage-listed in the Shire of Kellerberrin, of which six are on the State Register of Heritage Places
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10,098,142 |
# Office of the Fairness Commissioner
The **Office of the Fairness Commissioner** (*Bureau du commissaire à l'équité*) is an arm\'s length Crown agency of the Government of Ontario that is responsible for ensuring that Ontarians with professional credentials from foreign countries can have fair access to regulated professions and trades in Ontario.`{{Third party inline|date=January 2025}}`{=mediawiki}
The office is independent of the regulated professions and the government. It was created by the *Fair Access to Regulated Professions Act*, which came into effect on 1 March 2007
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| 0 |
10,098,143 |
# Anti-suicide smock
An **anti-suicide smock**, **Ferguson**, **turtle suit**, **pickle suit**, **Bam Bam suit**, or **suicide gown**, is a tear-resistant single-piece outer garment that is generally used to prevent a hospitalized, incarcerated, or otherwise detained individual from forming a noose with the garment to commit suicide. The smock is typically a simple, sturdily quilted, collarless, sleeveless gown with adjustable openings at the shoulders and down the front that are closed with nylon hook-and-loop or similar fasteners. The thickness of the garment makes it impossible to roll or fold the garment so it can\'t be used as a noose. It is not a restraint and provides modesty and warmth while not impeding the mobility of the wearer. The suit covers all private areas, as the wearer is to be naked under the suit for their own protection.
These items are formally known as Safety Smocks and were designed and developed by Lonna Speer in 1989 while she was a nurse working in the Santa Cruz, California, county jail. Safety Smocks are now standard issue throughout jails and prisons in the United States. The same material is used for the anti-suicide blanket. Prior to the use of the Safety Smock, many jails and prisons stripped inmates naked and held them in a stripped down-padded cell with no furniture or protrusions of any kind. Some facilities opted to use paper gowns to provide modesty. The American Correctional Association (ACA) has established the use of appropriate Safety Smocks and Safety Blankets as one of the Standards used to judge jails and prisons for accreditation. Demand for Safety Smocks to meet this ACA Standard led to multiple clothing makers creating similar garments of varying strength and of various materials. In addition to the Safety Smock, Lonna Speer developed the Safety Blanket and the Safe Sleeping Bag, all made from the quilted heavy nylon material, as well as The Dozer, a Suicide Cell mattress, the Safety Pillow, and Safety Slippers
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# The Group School
**The Group School** was an alternative high school in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, in the 1970s. Operating under democratic-school principles, the Group School was established primarily to serve students from working-class and low-income backgrounds.
In 1977, the school described its educational themes as \"internal democracy\" and an \"emphasis on helping youth develop a sense of working-class identity and pride.\" Founders believed that traditional educational approaches undermined working-class identity by forcing working-class students \"to deny their neighborhood ties\" and \"to ignore or denigrate the knowledge they have picked up on the street.\" The school developed curricula aimed at reversing this process, in part through course units on family, immigration, and labor history and courses emphasized working-class youths\' \"ability to control their own lives and to change their communities.\" Radical teachers also developed feminist-oriented curricula in concert with female students, in an attempt, as Kathleen Weiler reports, to use \"the life experiences of working-class girls to draw out themes of race, class, and gender for critical analysis
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# 2007 CAA men's basketball tournament
The **2007 CAA men\'s basketball tournament** was an NCAA Division 1 College Basketball Conference tournament that was held at the Richmond Coliseum on March 2--5, 2007, to decide the Colonial Athletic Association conference champion. The winner advanced to the NCAA Men\'s Division I Basketball Championship tournament, a 65-team tournament to decide a national champion of college basketball
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# Marple Newtown School District
**Marple Newtown School District** (**MNSD**) is a public school district which serves Newtown Township and Marple Township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Marple Newtown School District encompasses approximately 21 sqmi. According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 35,437. The student demographic is about 86% Caucasian, 11% Asian, 2% Black, and 1% Hispanic with 51% being male and 49% being female.
## Schools
High School
- Marple Newtown Senior High School
Middle School
- Paxon Hollow Middle School
Elementary schools
- Culbertson Elementary School
- Loomis Elementary School
- Russell Elementary School
- Worrall Elementary School
Former schools:
- Alice Grim Elementary School - It was to close in June 1982
## Extracurriculars
The district offers a wide variety of clubs, activities and an extensive sports program.
### Visual and Performing Arts {#visual_and_performing_arts}
In 2019, Marple Newtown was named a \"Best Community for Music Education\" by the NAMM Foundation. It also received the award in 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016.
The Marple Newtown High School Tiger Marching Band has won three [Cavalcade of Bands](https://cavalcadeofbands.com/) open-class championships (2014, 2015 and 2016).
In 1975, the Tiger Marching Band performed on ice at the Spectrum with the Ice Capades.
## Notable alumni {#notable_alumni}
- Neil Breen, American Filmmaker and actor
- Marta Kauffman, co-creator of NBC sitcom *Friends*
- Mia Dillon, American actress
- Bruce Davison (1964), American actor and director
- Adrian Pasdar, American actor and voice artist
- Chris Wheeler, former announcer and color commentator for the Philadelphia Phillies
- David Miscavige, leader of the Church of Scientology
- Nicole Brewer, American news reporter and former Miss Pennsylvania
- Bill Maas, American football player
- Lynne Talley (1971), American oceanographer
- Jeffrey Zaslow, American author and journalist
- Kevin J. Jacobsen, retired US Air Force Brigadier General
- Sarah Anderson, American curler
- George Schmitt, American football player
- Bob Speca Jr
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# Liberation (1349 album)
***Liberation*** is the debut studio album by Norwegian black metal band 1349. It was released on 15 February 2003 through Candlelight Records.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Manifest\" -- 4:05
2. \"I Breathe Spears\" -- 4:26
3. \"Riders of the Apocalypse\" -- 4:36
4. \"Deathmarch\" -- 1:07
5. \"Pitch Black\" -- 3:20
6. \"Satanic Propaganda\" -- 3:44
7. \"Legion\" -- 4:56
8. \"Evil Oath\" -- 3:48
9. \"Liberation\" -- 5:21
10
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# 2007 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament
The **2007 Atlantic 10 men\'s basketball tournament** was played from March 7 to March 10, 2007, at Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The winner was named champion of the Atlantic 10 Conference and received an automatic bid to the 2007 NCAA Men\'s Division I Basketball Tournament. George Washington University won the tournament. Maureece Rice, a guard on George Washington, was named Most Outstanding Player of the tournament. The top four teams in the conference received first-round byes, while La Salle University and St. Bonaventure University were left out of the tournament because they did not finish in the top twelve of the conference
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# Martin Fay
**Martin Joseph Fay** (19 September 1936 -- 14 November 2012) was an Irish fiddler and bones player, and a former member of The Chieftains.
Fay was born in Cabra, Dublin, Ireland. In 1962, he became one of the founding members of The Chieftains. In 2001, he decided to stop touring with The Chieftains, limiting his appearances with the group to events in Ireland. He subsequently retired in 2002. He died in Cabra at age 76. He had been ill for some time
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# Carolina Ballet
**Carolina Ballet** is one of America\'s arts organizations, programming traditional ballets and new works by contemporary choreographers. The Ballet was launched as a professional company in 1998 under the direction of Founding Artistic Director Robert Weiss. In 2019, Zalman Raffael became the Artistic Director/CEO joined by Michele Weathers as executive director. For more than 20 years, Carolina Ballet has garnered critical praise from the national and international media, staged over 100 world premiere ballets, and in 2018, chartered the School of Carolina Ballet. Since its inaugural season in 1998, Carolina Ballet and this community have accomplished something remarkable. The company has grown from a budget of \$1.2 million featuring sixteen dancers and five apprentices in three programs to a \$6.0 million budget featuring 38 dancers in eight programs including the holiday tradition, *The Nutcracker*.
## History
Carolina Ballet, Inc. was founded in 1984 as Raleigh Dance Theatre, Inc. by Ann Vorus, owner of the Raleigh Dance Theatre. As a student company, its purpose was to provide performance opportunities for students of the school. Over several years, both the school and the company grew in reputation and stature in its metamorphosis as Carolina Ballet Theatre, a pre-professional regional company under Ms. Vorus and her successor as artistic director, Mary LeGere. Performances of the company began to attract favorable notice from area dance critics. In the fall of 1993, Raleigh lawyer Ward Purrington suggested to Ms. Vorus and the Raleigh Dance Theatre board that the company aspire to professional status. Market research suggested a professional dance presence in the Triangle region was not only needed but desired as well.
Robert Weiss, a former principal dancer with New York City Ballet and past artistic director of Pennsylvania Ballet, was selected in April 1997 as the founding artistic director of the new professional company, known as Carolina Ballet, Inc.
## Notable productions {#notable_productions}
- Handel\'s *Messiah*, choreography by Robert Weiss, premiering in 1998
- Beethoven, Janáček, J
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# 3Cs model
The **3Cs Model** is an industry model which offers a strategic look at three factors needed for success. It was developed by Japanese organizational theorist Kenichi Ohmae.
## Overview
The 3Cs model points out that a business strategist should focus on three key factors for success. In the construction of a business strategy, three main elements must be taken into account:
1. The Company
2. The Customers
3. The Competitors
Only by integrating these three can a sustained competitive advantage exist. Ohmae refers to these key factors as the three Cs or the *strategic triangle*.
Customers have wants and needs. The company recognises these and offers a basic product. To cater to their expectations and also to differentiate from competitors, companies try to offer differentiated products. Similarly, competitors attempt to offer differentiated products to generate profits and growth.
There is also a new `{{when|date=July 2024}}`{=mediawiki} 3 Cs model emerging which centers on sustainability. This model is:
1. **C**apability
2. **C**onsistency
3. **C**ultivation
The idea behind the new 3 Cs model revolves around the concept of shared value to the company, the environment, and the community.
## The Customer {#the_customer}
Clients are the base of any strategy according to Ohmae. Therefore, the primary goal is supposed to be the interest of the customer and not those of the shareholders for example. In the long run, a company that is genuinely interested in its customers will be interesting for its investors and take care of their interests automatically. Segmentation is helping to understand the customer.
### Segmenting by objectives {#segmenting_by_objectives}
The differentiation is done in terms of the different ways that various customers use a product. Customer thinking is not one of the prime functions for consideration.
### Segmenting by customer coverage {#segmenting_by_customer_coverage}
This segmentation normally emerges from a trade-off study of marketing costs versus market coverage. There appears always to be a point of diminishing returns in the cost versus coverage relationship. The corporation's task is to optimize its range of market coverage, geographically and/ or channel wise.
### Segmenting the market once more {#segmenting_the_market_once_more}
In fierce competition, competitors are likely to be dissecting the market in similar ways. Over an extended period of time, the effectiveness of a given initial strategic segmentation will tend to decline. In such situations it is useful to pick a small group of customers and reexamine what it is that they are really looking for.
A market segment change occurs where the market forces are altering the distribution of the user-mix over time by influencing demography, distribution channels, customer size, etc. This kind of change means that the allocation of corporate resources must be shifted and/ or the absolute level of resources committed in the business must be changed.
## The Competitors {#the_competitors}
Competitor based strategies can be constructed by looking at possible sources of differentiation in functions such as: purchasing, design, engineering, sales and servicing. The following aspects show ways in order to achieve this differentiation:
### Making it big in the industry {#making_it_big_in_the_industry}
### Hito-Kane-Mono {#hito_kane_mono}
A favorite phrase of Japanese business planners is *hito-kane-mono*, standing for people, money and things (or assets). This combination reflects the belief of some Japanese business planners that streamlined corporate management is achieved when these three critical resources are in balance without surplus or waste. For example: cash over and beyond what competent people can intelligently expend is wasted. Of the three critical resources, funds should be allocated last. The corporation should firstly allocate management talent, based on the available mono (things): plant, machinery, technology, process know-how and functional strength. Once these *hito* (people) have developed creative and imaginative ideas to capture the business's upward potential, the *kane* (money) should be given to the specific ideas and programs generated by the individual managers.
## The Corporation (the industry) {#the_corporation_the_industry}
### Selectivity and sequencing {#selectivity_and_sequencing}
The corporation does not have to excel in every function to win. If it can gain a decisive edge in one key function, it will eventually be able to improve its other functions which are now average.
### Make or buy {#make_or_buy}
In case of rapidly rising wage costs, it becomes a critical decision for a company to subcontract a major share of its assembly operations. If its competitors are unable to shift production so rapidly to subcontractors and vendors, the resulting difference in cost structure and/or in the company\'s ability to cope with demand fluctuations may have significant strategic implications.
In essence, the company should seek to stay ahead of competition by either outsourcing some of its activities which are quite costly but do not have direct value addition or it should apply backward integration techniques for its core business areas
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# Campbell Furlong
**Campbell James Marie Furlong** (born 16 June 1974) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Central Districts Stags and Hawke Cup cricket for Hawke\'s Bay. He was born in Napier. His father is former All Black, Blair Furlong.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Furlong toured Pakistan with the New Zealand under-19 cricket team in January and February 1994, playing in three under-19 tests and three under-19 one-day internationals against the Pakistan under-19 side. In the three tests, he scored 65 runs with the bat at an average of 16.25 and a high score of 44, and took 10 wickets at 22.40 with best bowling figures of 5/94. In the three ODIs, he made 20 runs at an average of 6.66 with a high score of 13, and took one wicket with an average of 92.00 and best bowling of 1/35.
An off-spin bowler and a middle-order batsman, Furlong made his debut for Central Districts in the 1994/95 season. He played six seasons for Central Districts up to the 1999/2000 season, making 35 first-class appearances. He recorded his best first-class bowling figures of 7/72 against Northern Districts at Trafalgar Park, Nelson, in the 1996/97 season.
Furlong then spent 18 months living in London on his overseas experience, where he did not play any cricket and worked in the banking sector. After returning to New Zealand in 2001, he settled in New Plymouth, where his partner found work as a primary school teacher, and he joined the New Plymouth Marist United Cricket Club. He was quickly named as captain of the Taranaki cricket team, and then captained Central Districts in a Cricket Max competition in November 2001. He went on to play seven first-class matches for Central Districts in the 2001/02 season, his last in first-class cricket, and achieved his highest first-class score of 88 with the bat. Across seven first-class seasons, he scored 933 runs at an average of 17.94, took 92 wickets at an average of 44.60, and took 53 catches.
Furlong continued to play one-day cricket for Central Districts until the 2003/04 season, before retiring, but made a comeback in the 2006/07 season when he was again contracted by Central Districts. In that season, he made eight appearances in List-A (one-day) matches and played two Twenty20 games for Central Districts, before once again retiring. In all, he played 75 List-A matches for Central Districts between 1994/95 and 2006/07.
## Post-playing career {#post_playing_career}
Furlong served on the board of the Central Districts Cricket Association from 2011 to 2016, including a few months as chair between June and November 2016.
After beginning work in banking, Furlong became an accountant, and is now a partner in PricewaterhouseCoopers\' Hawke\'s Bay office
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# The Esplanade (Kenner, Louisiana)
**The Esplanade**, also known as Esplanade Mall, was a suburban shopping mall located in the New Orleans suburb of Kenner, Louisiana, United States. Its anchors are Dillard\'s Clearance Center, 3.6.5+ by image, Target, and Regal Cinemas\' Regal Grand Esplanade & GPX. Its former anchors are D. H. Holmes, Macy\'s (the first Macy\'s in Louisiana), and Mervyn\'s. It opened in September 1985 and was owned by the Simon Property Group, who acquired it when they acquired the Mills Corporation in 2007. Simon was the owner of The Mall From mid-2007 until mid-September 2016, when Pacific Retail Capital Partners took over as a new owner. Pacific Retail Capital Partners was the owner of The Mall from September 2016 until June 2018 when Kohan Retail Investment Group bought it. Kohan Retail Investment Group owned the mall from June 2018 until August 2021, when it was used by the Kenner City Government as a temporary City Hall in the wake of Hurricane Ida.
## History
### 20th century {#th_century}
The mall was built and opened on October 9, 1985. The original owners were Cadillac Fairview. The mall\'s original anchors were D. H. Holmes, Leon Godchaux, and Mervyn\'s. A Macy\'s was added in 1986. Dillard's acquired the former D. H. Holmes Anchor in 1989. Dillard's Men took over for Leon Godchaux in 1992.
### 21st century {#st_century}
The Mills acquired the mall in 2003, and planned to add new retail including two new anchors, Target and Bass Pro Shops, and a new movie theater, but the plan fell through as a result of financial difficulties.
The mall closed in August 2005 after sustaining damage from Hurricane Katrina, reopening by October 2005.
In 2006, Macy\'s closed its store in the Esplanade, but re-opened in October 2008. Mervyn\'s closed in 2006 and the former Mervyn\'s anchor sat vacant until 2010. In July 2010, it was announced that the former Mervyn\'s anchor would be demolished. Since then, a 138000 sqft Target has been built in its place. The new store officially opened July 24, 2011.
In late 2011, Dillard\'s Men\'s Store closed, and in February 2012, the other Dillard\'s location was converted into a clearance center. Closing off the second floor of the store and blocking the second floor mall entrance to Dillard's.
In Mar 2016 3.6.5 By Image Opened In The Former Dillard's Men Which Closed Almost 4 Years Ago.
Macy\'s closed again in 2017 as part of a nationwide downsizing.
On October 5, 2020, Cineworld announced it would close all Regal, Cineworld, Picturehouse Cinemas, and Grand Cinemas locations in the US, UK, Ireland temporarily. The mall as of 2021 owes various back taxes totaling \$320,000. While investigating the back taxes, it was found by Jefferson Parish, Louisiana that taxes had been missed on the empty Macy\'s in 1992, totaling an additional \$480,000 owed. Parts of the mall went to tax sale but went unsold, and were taken over by Jefferson Parish. The Esplanade closed again due to Hurricane Ida in late 2021 and has permanently closed.
## Anchor Stores {#anchor_stores}
### Current
- Dillard\'s Clearance Center (1989--present)
- Target Corporation (2011--present)
### Former
- D. H. Holmes (1985--1989)
- Leon Godchaux (1985--1992)
- Dillard's Men (1992-2011)
- Macy\'s (1986-2006, 2008--2017)
- Mervyn\'s (1985--2006)
- 3.6.5+ by image (2016-2021)
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
- The interior of the mall was heavily featured in Season 1, Episode 11 of the Fox horror comedy Scream Queens
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# Alvin Walton
**Alvin Earl Walton** (born March 14, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL) and Baltimore Stallions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football at Mt. San Jacinto College and the University of Kansas. Walton is among a select group who have won both an NFL and CFL championship.
## Early life {#early_life}
Walton was born in Riverside, California, and attended Banning High School in Banning, California.
## College career {#college_career}
After graduating from high school, Walton attended and played college football at Mt. San Jacinto College for two years, before transferring to the University of Kansas. He was ruled academically ineligible to compete during what would have been his senior year in 1985, and he never earned a degree.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### NFL
Walton was drafted in the third round (75th overall) of the 1986 NFL draft by the Washington Redskins and won Super Bowl XXII and XXVI with the team. After being release by the team in 1992, he worked for Federal Express and the U.S. Postal Service and attended barber school.
### CFL
After being out of football for three years, Walton joined the Baltimore Stallions of the CFL, where he won the 83rd Grey Cup in 1995. It was the only time an American franchise won the Grey Cup.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Walton is married and has seven children. His wife pawned his two Super Bowl rings and hoped to redeem them when the family\'s situation improved, but they were sold without Walton\'s knowledge
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# San Francisco 49ers Gold Rush
The **San Francisco 49ers Gold Rush Cheerleaders** are the cheerleading team for the NFL\'s San Francisco 49ers. The current team was founded in 1983 by USA, which has been renamed to e2k. They have performed throughout the United States, Europe, and Japan. They are also involved in many charitable events.
They have been featured on many television stations, such as ESPN and the Fox Network, in addition to television shows such as *Entertainment Tonight*, MTV, *Extra!*, and *The Leeza Show*. They attend every home game and have a total of 32 professional dancers. At Kezar Stadium, the cheerleaders were called **The Niner Nuggets**. They were known at the time as the only singing cheerleading squad in the NFL.
On November 1, 2018, an unnamed 49ers Gold Rush Cheerleader became the first NFL cheerleader to kneel in silent protest, a protest started in 2016 by the former 49ers' quarterback Colin Kaepernick
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# Chambers stove
The **Chambers stove** is a generic name for several different kitchen cooking appliances sold under the Chambers brand name from 1912 to approximately 1988. Their ranges and stand-alone ovens were known for their patented insulation methods, which enabled them to cook on retained heat with the fuel turned off.
## History
The Chambers Fireless Gas Range was a gas cook stove created by John E. Chambers in 1910, Two years after inventing his fireless cooker, John Chambers organized the Chambers Company in 1912. Chambers\' patented method of manufacture used thick rock wool insulation to insulate the oven on all sides. This made it possible for the heat inside the oven to build up over a short period of time. The gas was then turned off, causing a series of internal dampers to close, which effectively isolated the oven compartment from the outside air. The food would continue to cook on retained heat, thus conserving fuel and reducing food shrinkage. This method of cooking, Chambers literature often claimed, also increased the food value of the cooked items.
The Chambers Corporation manufactured successive versions of this design in Shelbyville, Indiana, from 1912 through January, 1955.
Chambers Corporation was sold by the Chambers family in 1950 to the Flato brothers, who were the Chambers distributors in Houston, Texas. The Rangaire company purchased Chambers in 1964, and operated it out of the Oxford, Mississippi, plant built by the Flato brothers in 1963 until 1983, when they sold it to the KitchenAid Division of the Hobart Corporation. During Rangaire\'s ownership of the Chambers Corporation, manufacture of the famous insulated range continued into the 1970s. In 1986, KitchenAid was sold to Whirlpool. By the early 1990s, Chambers-branded appliances were no longer being manufactured.
In 2007, the Thor Corporation of Los Angeles resurrected the Chambers brand name.
The earliest Chambers ranges were small, but all were constructed of cast iron, heavy gauge steel and porcelain enamel. All models were thickly insulated using rock wool insulation, which enabled their owners to use them like an ordinary range or cook using retained heat. To help owners of their products learn the proper use of the retained heat cooking feature of their ranges, Chambers developed a large home economics department in their Shelbyville, Indiana, factory. There, recipes and cooking times using the insulated properties of their products were carefully tested and perfected. These tests resulted in charts which indicated the amount of time - and at what temperature - the gas was to be burned in the oven and the Thermodome (which was succeeded by the Thermowell), before it was to be turned off completely while the food continued to cook on retained heat. By 1927, Chambers published a cookbook for the homemaker to not only help her learn how to care for and operate the appliance, but also to assist her in menu planning, proper table setting, etc. This publication was called The Idle Hour Cookbook. The Idle Hour Cookbook was replaced in the late 1960s by Rangaire with an actual operation manual.
The most updated version of these was the C-series. Up to the early 1930s, Chambers offered up to two dozen different models for different size homes. In 1935, Chambers built its final large, industrial-sized units, called the Imperial line, for use in hotels, restaurants, dormitory kitchens, tea rooms, road houses, large homes, etc.
All residential Chambers ranges beginning with what is now referred to as the A-series (circa 1936) had a top-mounted griddle/broiler. Most models came with a recessed slow cooker called a Thermowell (descendant of the earlier Thermodome) for cooking soups, stews, etc., using special aluminum kettles designed and built for Chambers by the Wearever Corporation. The Thermowell was completely redesigned for the model C for improved performance. With a special accessory called a Thermobaker, it could even be used as a second oven.
In 2015, the Chambers brand was purchased by J.A.K. North America Inc. in Canada, and licensed by J.A.K. North America Inc. in the U.S. They released Chambers branded refrigerators with retro stylings.
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# Chambers stove
## Features
While not all models had all the following features, most of the more commonly sold Chambers ranges included:
- Basket-style oven racks.
- Built-in lights.
- Child-protective locking thumb-latches on all gas valves.
- Chrome-Plated cooktop, which Chambers called \"Durachrome\".
- Full porcelain finishes - guaranteed by the factory for 25 years.
- Heat from Range vented out through the backsplash, enabling it to be set flush to the wall
- Mechanical Timer, which Chambers called a \"Minute Minder\".
- Multi-fuel design - able to operate on natural gas, propane, butane.
- Patented \"daisy\" burners - efficient and uniform in their distribution of heat.
- Some of the first built-in ovens and cooktops (early 1950s) made in America.
- Teardrop design gas handles.
- The use of \"ThermalEye\" (1950s) - developed by Robertshaw and marketed by Chambers as \"The Burner With A Brain\", this device made it possible to set the desired cooking temperature of a pot that had been placed on the special burner on the top of the range, and the heat would be regulated automatically.
- Thermobaker insert for the Thermowell - enabled baking of small items and meals in the Thermowell.
- Thermowell - a built-in slow cooker, similar in function to a crockpot.
- Top Burner Pilot - could be used as a warming burner.
- Utility (Service) Cabinet - designed for access to the inner mechanisms and gas pipes of the range, and for storage of pots, pans, and Thermowell kettles. Misunderstood by some to be a warming oven.
- Wide grates designed to accommodate any size cooking utensil.
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# Chambers stove
## Popularity
Famous owners of Chambers ranges included Lee DeForest and Mrs. Harvey W. Wiley, well-known American housewife in the 1920s. A Chambers oven can also be found in the home of the late Sam Rayburn.
The Chambers Range was awarded the Good Housekeeping Institute\'s Seal of Approval in 1925, was awarded the Grand Prize and Gold Medal for distinguished service at the International Exposition in Paris, France, 1937, and was featured at the World\'s Fair Exposition of 1939 in New York City.
Demand for refurbished Chambers stoves remains high - some of the Imperial models have been restored and sold for prices up to US\$17,000, though selling prices of unrestored residential models is far less. Increased interest in the Chambers Range may be due to its exposure on the televised cooking show of Rachael Ray.
Websites for fans of vintage Chambers products have been developed in order to provide general information about them to those on the internet. Links to service technicians, sources for parts, as well as operational literature may also be found there. Also helpful are the pictorial documentaries on the restoration of Chambers ranges by their owners. In addition to websites such as these, at least two active Internet Forums exist for those interested in older Chambers products. There, people can find recipes, repair tips, cooking techniques, and restoration advice.
## Gallery
Image:Chambers Fireless Model.jpg\|Chambers Fireless Model from 1920s Image:21-14-052-kitchen.jpg\|Chambers oven at the Sam Rayburn House Museum Image:Chambers stove
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# And Kill Once More
***And Kill Once More***, by American novelist Al Fray, was published in 1955 by Graphic Publishing Company, Hasbrouck Heights, N.J.
## Plot introduction {#plot_introduction}
Marty Bowman was an L.A. lifeguard who thought he might like to play detective. At a posh house party in the central California mountains he got his chance to play--- for keeps.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
Kate Weston is worried about her friend Sandy Engle. Since her marriage to George Engle, the vivacious Sandy has practically become a recluse. Kate\'s suspicion that something is wrong leads her to hire what she thinks is a detective to pose as her boyfriend during a weekend house party at the Engle\'s estate high in the central California mountains. Instead of a detective, though---because of a manpower shortage at the Gregory Agency---Kate gets a stand-in: Marty Bowman, an L.A. lifeguard with vague ambitions of following in his brother\'s private-eye footsteps.
The guests at the party seem to have little in common until George Engle turns up dead at the bottom of his swimming pool with Marty Bowman\'s lucky silver dollar clenched in his fist. The murder investigation by slow-moving local sheriff Frank Toland finds the thread that connects most of the guests: they were being blackmailed by George. Marty becomes the prime suspect in the murder and to save his own neck has to stay one step ahead of Toland. As he subtly conducts an independent investigation under Toland\'s nose, Marty discovers that in addition to blackmailing his house party guests---and many others---George has conned his wife into believing she has tuberculosis.
Slipping past the guard of sheriff Toland\'s rookie assistant, Marty and Sandy pay an after-hours visit to a clinic in the valley, where Marty, with the help of an X-ray technician, proves to Sandy that her ill health is an illusion. After bar-hopping with a jubilant Sandy for the rest of the evening, Marty resists her drunken advances (and beds Kate instead). The next morning, however, Marty finds that Sandy too has been murdered. Unbeknownst to the sheriff, Sandy had retained possession of some of the evidence her husband had used to blackmail their guests, a fact that led George\'s murderer to kill once more.
The murderer, sensing that Marty is closing in on the truth, sets for him the same underwater death trap used on George. Fortunately, Marty\'s familiarity with swimming pool hydraulics enables him to anticipate the trap, foil it, and turn the tables on the killer. A struggle ensues, followed by the climactic denouement
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# North Carolina Museum of History
The **North Carolina Museum of History** is a history museum located in downtown Raleigh, North Carolina. It is an affiliate through the Smithsonian Affiliations program. The museum is a part of the Division of State History Museums, Office of Archives and History, an agency of the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources.
## History
Frederick Augustus Olds, known as the \"father\" of the North Carolina Museum of History, began collecting items from across North Carolina in the late 19th century. He eventually traversed all 100 counties, at least once, and acquired not only pieces of the past but also the stories associated with them---starting a philosophy that exists to this day at the museum: using stories to relate the past of North Carolina. On December 5, 1902, Olds merged his large private collection with the collection owned and displayed in a room of the State Museum (which has evolved into the modern-day North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences). The assortment of historical artifacts became known as the \"Hall of History\" and was opened to the public. The hall\'s 37 cases contained items as various as a studded shoe buckle owned by James Iredell to the death mask of Confederate General Robert Hoke. (To honor Olds, [a metal statue](http://www.ncdcr.gov/ncmoh/SeeOurExhibits/CurrentExhibits/Meetthestatues.aspx) has been erected on the steps of the current Museum of History building to greet visitors; he is joined by a statue of craftsman Thomas Day and a representative Sauratown woman.)
The North Carolina Historical Commission took over the Hall of History in 1914 and moved the collection to the Ruffin Building on the southwest corner of Union Square (where the North Carolina State Capitol sits); however, the hall quickly outgrew that space. The hall was then moved, in 1939, to the Education Building, across from the northwest corner of Union Square, where an area was specifically designed to accommodate both artifacts and exhibits. On July 1, 1965, with continued growth of the collection, need for expanded exhibit space, and an increase in staff, the Hall of History was renamed the North Carolina Museum of History and was identified to become a part of the new Archives and History/State Library Building. That move took place in 1968.
On June 16, 1988, the State of North Carolina broke ground at 5 East Edenton Street to begin construction of a new, dedicated building for the museum. Located in part of the block between the State Capitol and the Legislative Building, the museum\'s permanent home was completed in 1994 for more than \$29 million. The new building features a research library, classrooms, a 315-seat auditorium, a design shop, conservation labs, artifact storage space, offices, the Museum Shop, and 55000 sqft of exhibit space on four floors.
## Tar Heel Junior Historian Association {#tar_heel_junior_historian_association}
One of the North Carolina Museum of History\'s best known outreach programs is the Tar Heel Junior Historian Association (THJHA).
Authorized by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1953, THJHA is a network of free clubs across the state, with members in grades 4--12 and at least one adult adviser. Clubs may be sponsored by public, private, or home schools, or by other organizations such as museums and historical societies, 4-H and FFA groups, or scouting programs. Clubs can be any size, from one student and one adviser to hundreds of students and several advisers. THJHA staff at the museum provide support and resources that include a semiannual student magazine Tar Heel Junior Historian.
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# North Carolina Museum of History
## North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame {#north_carolina_sports_hall_of_fame}
Further information: List of members of the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame The North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame is housed in a 4000 sqft permanent exhibit gallery on the third floor of the North Carolina Museum of History. The hall of fame was originally established in February 1963, with support from the Charlotte Chamber of Commerce, \"celebrates excellence and extraordinary achievement in athletics \[and\] commemorates and memorializes exceptional accomplishments in or connected with the world of sports who have brought recognition and esteem to themselves and to the State of North Carolina.\" The hall inducted its first class of five members in December of that year and, as of 2010, numbered 274 members.
Since the beginning, inductees, who are elected annually, have donated mementos of their sports careers to the hall of fame. In 1969 officials at the Charlotte Coliseum agreed to display these objects in the corridor of the building, hoping to eventually expand the building to include a room dedicated to the hall. The expansion never occurred, however, and in 1981 the objects were moved to the North Carolina Museum of History, where a dedicated gallery was a part of the new museum\'s plans.
Mementos on display in the gallery include Richard Petty\'s race car, Dale Earnhardt\'s fire suit, North Carolina State University basketball coach Jim Valvano\'s warm-up suit, Arnold Palmer\'s Ryder Cup golf bag, Meadowlark Lemon\'s Harlem Globetrotters basketball uniform, North Carolina State University coach Kay Yow\'s Olympic team basketball, Carolina Hurricanes captain Rod Brind\'Amour\'s game-worn jersey from Game 7 of the 2006 Stanley Cup Finals and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill football star Charlie \"Choo Choo\" Justice\'s jersey.
Basketball great and Wilmington, North Carolina, native Michael Jordan was conspicuously missing from the hall for many years because, even though he had been selected for induction, he had been \"unable\" to attend the required induction banquet. In 2010, it was announced that Jordan would be formally inducted to the hall. Uniquely, his ceremony was held at halftime of a Charlotte Bobcats game (Jordan owned the NBA team at the time).
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# North Carolina Museum of History
## North Carolina Museum of History Associates {#north_carolina_museum_of_history_associates}
The North Carolina Museum of History Associates is the membership arm of the North Carolina Museum of History. The group assists the museum primarily with daily expenses related to acquisitions, publications, and promotional efforts. As state government funds have been reduced over recent years, the importance of member support has grown---in fact, membership revenue is now central to the museum\'s effort to maintain free programming.
In addition to the museum in Raleigh, the Museum of History Associates provide funding and support services to the regional museums of the Division of State History Museums:
- Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum, Hatteras
- Museum of the Albemarle, Elizabeth City
- Museum of the Cape Fear Historical Complex, Fayetteville
- Mountain Gateway Museum and Heritage Center, Old Fort
- North Carolina Maritime Museum, locations in Beaufort and Southport
The Associates also work throughout the state to raise awareness of the museum and its efforts by hosting Museum Days events occasionally in different locations.
## North Carolina Museum of History Foundation {#north_carolina_museum_of_history_foundation}
The North Carolina Museum of History Foundation raises funds that enable the Museum of History and the Division of State History Museums (an agency of the Office of Archives and History, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources) to lead the state in preserving and interpreting the history and culture of the Tar Heel State. The Foundation primarily collects and distributes funds for ongoing efforts related to
- exhibitions,
- educational programming,
- artifact acquisition, and
- object conservation.
The Foundation also supports needed capital improvements and directs funds toward building an endowment for future generations. The Foundation is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization; contributions are tax deductible to the fullest extent allowed by law.
## Gallery
Cannon outside the North Carolina Museum of History.jpg\|Civil war-era cannon in front of the museum North Carolina Museum of History hometown.jpg\|Example of an exhibit: Recreation of a 1920s drugstore Model Wright Glider in the North Carolina Museum of History
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# Patrick Jeffers
**Patrick Christopher Jeffers** (born February 2, 1973) is an American former professional football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Denver Broncos, Dallas Cowboys, and Carolina Panthers. With the Broncos, he won Super Bowl XXXII. He played college football at the University of Virginia.
## Early life {#early_life}
Jeffers attended Fort Worth Country Day School, where he was a two-time All-conference selection, playing as a wide receiver, cornerback, free safety, punter, placekicker. He finished his career with 52 receptions for 980 yards and 10 touchdowns.
He was a two-time All-conference selection in soccer. In track, he won the conference title in the 400 metre dash twice and set school records in the 200 and 400 metres.
## College career {#college_career}
Jeffers walked-on at the University of Virginia. As a redshirt freshman, his first reception was a 20-yard touchdown against the University of Maryland. He appeared in 11 games, tallying 9 receptions for 128 yards and 3 touchdowns.
As a sophomore, he played in the first 9 games (2 starts), before suffering a broken clavicle against Wake Forest University and missing 2 games. He led the team with 32 receptions for 580 yards and 6 touchdowns.
As a junior in 1994, he played in 11 games (4 starts), registering 33 receptions for 560 yards (17 yards avg.) and 3 touchdowns. His best game came against North Carolina State University, where he had 6 receptions for 153 yards, including a 52-yard touchdown.
As a senior, he missed 4 games with a hamstring injury, but still led the team with 34 receptions for 517 yards (15.2 yards avg.) and 3 touchdowns. At the time, he finished his college career with 108 receptions (fourth in school history) for 1,785 yards (fourth in school history) and 15 touchdowns. He also holds the school record for the longest streak of games with at least one reception (31).
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# Patrick Jeffers
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Denver Broncos {#denver_broncos}
Jeffers was selected by the Denver Broncos in the fifth round (159th overall) of the 1996 NFL draft. As a rookie, he was used mostly on special teams, appearing in the first three games, before being declared inactive for the next 12 and playing again in the season finale against the San Diego Chargers.
The next year, he was the team\'s fourth wide receiver, appearing in 10 games and being declared inactive in 6. He played primarily on special teams, as part of a team that won Super Bowl XXXII. On August 30, 1998, he was traded to the Dallas Cowboys in exchange for past considerations.
### Dallas Cowboys {#dallas_cowboys}
In 1998, Jeffers spent the first half of the season learning the Dallas Cowboys offense and playing mainly on the scout team. He appeared in 8 games, finishing with 18 receptions for 330 yards and 2 touchdowns. He also led the team with 7 receptions for 92 yards, in the first-round playoff loss against the Arizona Cardinals.
He was declared a restricted free agent at the end of the season and although he was seen as a player on the rise, the Cowboys gambled and tendered him a qualifying offer at his original draft round. The Carolina Panthers signed him to a one-year offer sheet for a \$1.2 million base salary, that the Cowboys did not to match. The team received a fifth round pick as compensation, that was eventually used to trade up to select Ebenezer Ekuban.
### Carolina Panthers {#carolina_panthers}
Jeffers\' new contract made him the highest paid wide receiver on the Carolina Panthers roster, but he still had to work his way into the starting lineup. He played in 15 games (10 starts) and had a breakout season, registering 63 receptions for 1,082 yards (17.2 yards avg.) and 12 touchdowns.
He finished strong, recording 5 straight 100-yard receiving games (two short of the NFL record). He also set several franchise records:
- 17.2 yards per reception average.
- 6 consecutive games with a touchdown reception.
- 12 touchdown receptions in a season (tied the team record).
- 88-yard reception against the Pittsburgh Steelers (second longest in team history)
- Teamed with Muhsin Muhammad (1,253 yards) to become the first tandem in Panthers history to each register 1,000 receiving yards in the same season.
On August 10, 2000, he was lost for the year after tearing his right anterior cruciate ligament, while playing in a preseason game against the Pittsburgh Steelers. Besides repairing the ligament, he had additional procedures performed in both knees and although he was able to rehabilitate his right knee, the left one deteriorated until needing microfracture surgery.
Jeffers returned in 2001 to play 9 games in a reserve role, but was not able to regain his previous form. He was released on August 23, 2002.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
His sister is Allison Jeffers Dooley, who is married to Derek Dooley, former head coach at the University of Tennessee. He also has four children
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# WMOO
**WMOO** (92.1 FM; \"Moo 92\") is a contemporary hit radio formatted radio station broadcasting from Derby Center, Vermont, United States. It is owned by Vermont Broadcast Associates, Inc.; under a local marketing agreement, Russ Ingalls\' Green Mountain Broadcasters LLC operates WMOO pending a full acquisition. The station\'s main transmitter is near the intersection of Hidden Pines Drive and Nelson Hill Road in the town of Derby, approximately 1.5 mi south of the border with Quebec, Canada, allowing a city-grade signal as far north as Magog and a coverage area extending to north of Sherbrooke. It was rebroadcast on W257AU 99.3 in St. Johnsbury, until the translator\'s license was cancelled by the Federal Communications Commission on August 8, 2017.
The station broadcasts a weekday morning program *The Moo 92 Wake Up Crew*. The show is sometimes broadcast from local nursing homes, food shelves, and local fire departments. The syndicated but live, *Liveline* with Mason Kelter airs every weeknight.
## History
WMOO, along with 29 other Nassau Broadcasting Partners stations in northern New England, was purchased at bankruptcy auction by Carlisle Capital Corporation, a company controlled by Bill Binnie (owner of WBIN-TV in Derry, New Hampshire), on May 22, 2012. The station, and 12 of the other stations, were then acquired by Vertical Capital Partners, controlled by Jeff Shapiro. Vertical, in turn, would resell WMOO and WIKE to Vermont Broadcast Associates.
The sale of WMOO and the other 12 stations was consummated on November 30, 2012, at a purchase price of \$4.4 million. The resale of WMOO and WIKE was consummated on January 1, 2013, at a purchase price of \$760,000.
In February 2025, Bruce James agreed to sell the seven Vermont Broadcast Associates stations to Green Mountain Broadcasters, owned by Vermont state senator Russ Ingalls, for \$996,000. Green Mountain then began managing the stations under a local marketing agreement
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# KKPT
**KKPT** (94.1 FM) is an American commercial radio station located in Little Rock, Arkansas. KKPT broadcasts a classic rock music format branded as \"The Point 94.1\". The station is owned by Signal Media and the broadcast license held by Signal Media of Arkansas, Inc. The station\'s studios are located west of the downtown area along the south shore of the Arkansas River (David D. Terry Lake), and the transmitter tower is located on Shinall Mountain, near the Chenal Valley neighborhood of Little Rock.
## History
This station originally broadcast from the antenna on the side of the Tower Building in downtown Little Rock as **KMMK**, also known as \"K-Rose\", a classical/easy listening format. In 1973, Bernie Mann/Mann Media, purchased the station, changed the calls to **KEZQ** and moved the tower out west to Shinall Mountain, and eventually increased the ERP/tower height to cover the entire metro. The station aired the Bonneville \"Beautiful Music\" format, and did well.
Mann Media sold the station to Multimedia in 1976 along with the other station he owned, KALO 1250 to Ron Curtis, who had purchased Dan Garner\'s KLAZ, 98.5 FM. Multimedia changed the 94.1 FM call letter and format shortly after closing to **KLPQ** (KQ-94) and launched a rock format. The market was in an uproar for quite some time, while the beautiful music format was aired in mid-days and evenings on Ted Snider\'s KARN 920 AM.
In 1978, Ed Muniz from New Orleans purchased 100.3 FM in Jacksonville and purchased the \"intellectual property\" from Gary Fries/GM of KLPQ-FM, and launched FM-100/KEZQ. KLPQ survived until late 1983 when Philip Jonsson from Dallas purchased the station, and launched **KHLT** \"K-Lite\".
In 1994, adult contemporary KHLT made the change to \"The Point\", a 70s-based classic hits format, which was an early hybrid of Classic Top-40 (Oldies) and classic rock. The station was assigned the call sign **KKPT** by the Federal Communications Commission on June 17, 1994. When Magic 105 FM left the harder edge classic rock format for \"We Play Everything\" Tom-FM in early 2008, The Point was left as the lone classic rock station in Little Rock until 2019, when KLRG signed on as a classic rock station
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# Consumed by Your Poison
***Consumed by Your Poison*** is the debut studio album by Canadian deathcore band Despised Icon. It was released on October 2, 2002 through Galy Records and re-released on April 4, 2006. It is the band\'s only album with vocalist Marie-Hélène Landry and the only album on which Alex Erian plays drums, as he switched to vocals after the departure of Landry.
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
*Consumed by Your Poison* generally received positive reviews, Greg Pratt of *Exclaim!* magazine wrote mainly praising the vocals work, stating that both Marie-Hélène Landry and Steve Marois \"provide a multitude of sounds not usually heard in the realm of oppressive cookie monster vocals.\" Overall, Pratt exalt the band\'s musicianship, saying: \"brutal, well played and technically adept, this sounds great, looks great.\"
## Reissue
*Consumed by Your Poison* was re-released on April 4, 2006 through Century Media Records. It has been remixed by the band\'s former guitarist Yannick St-Amand---vocalist Alex Erian commented about, saying that \"the result \[of the new mix\] sounds way heavier than the original version\"; the album comes with newly recorded bonus tracks of the first two tracks on the disc and features all new artwork and layout designed by Sven de Caluwé from Aborted.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
### 2006 re-recorded version bonus tracks {#re_recorded_version_bonus_tracks}
11. \"Poissannariat\" (Erian, Jarrin) -- 3:29
12
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# WIKE
Wike}} `{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}`{=mediawiki}
**WIKE** (1490 AM) is a commercial radio station located in Newport, Vermont. It is owned by Vermont Broadcast Associates, Inc. and it broadcasts a classic rock format, simulcast from 106.3 WMTK in Littleton, New Hampshire. Both stations call themselves \"The Notch\". WIKE\'s programming is also heard on translator station W276DK (103.1 FM) in Derby Center. Under a local marketing agreement, Russ Ingalls\' Green Mountain Broadcasters LLC operates the stations pending a full acquisition.
WIKE went on the air in 1952. The station was a country music station in the 2000s, before switching to classic rock in the 2010s.
## History
On October 12, 1952, WIKE first signed on. It was owned by Memphremagog Broadcasting and was powered at 250 watts. In the 1960s, the daytime power was boosted to 1,000 watts and in the 1980s, it also increased its nighttime power to 1,000 watts.
In 1991, an FM station was added, 92.1 WMOO, which is licensed to nearby Derby Center. WMOO is programmed with a hot adult contemporary format. In 2001, both stations were acquired by Northstar Media, Inc for just over \$1 million.
During most of the early 2000s, WIKE was a country music station, switching to classic rock in the mid-2010s.
On May 22, 2012, WIKE, along with 29 other Nassau Broadcasting Partners stations in Northern New England, was purchased at a bankruptcy auction by Carlisle Capital Corporation, a company controlled by Bill Binnie (owner of WBIN-TV in Derry). WIKE, and 12 of the other stations, were then acquired by Vertical Capital Partners, controlled by Jeff Shapiro.
Soon after taking over, Vertical resold WIKE and sister station 92.1 WMOO to Vermont Broadcast Associates.
The sale of WIKE and the other 12 stations was consummated on November 30, 2012, at a purchase price of \$4.4 million. The resale of WIKE and WMOO was consummated on January 1, 2013, at a purchase price of \$760,000.
In February 2025, Bruce James agreed to sell the seven Vermont Broadcast Associates stations to Green Mountain Broadcasters, owned by Vermont state senator Russ Ingalls, for \$996,000. Green Mountain then began managing the stations under a local marketing agreement
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# Michael Bankston
**Michael Kane Bankston** (March 12, 1970) is a former defensive tackle and defensive end who played nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL). Bankston played for the Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals and Cincinnati Bengals. He was drafted in the fourth round of the 1992 NFL Draft by the Cardinals. He played college football at Sam Houston State University
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# List of female hereditary monarchs
This is a **list of female hereditary monarchs** who reigned over a political jurisdiction in their own right or by right of inheritance. The list does not include female regents (see List of regents), usually the mother of the monarch, male or female, for although they exercised political power during the period of regency on behalf of their child or children, they were not hereditary monarch, and thus cannot be included in the list of female hereditary monarchs.
Each entry contains the name (with years of birth--death) and span of reign in years (where available). Where necessary, the source of inheritance right is indicated, that is, whether they succeeded from their fathers, mothers, siblings or other relatives. Cases where succession was obtained by other means (usurpation or marriage, for example) are also indicated accordingly.
## A
- Ada of Caria (fl. 377--326 BC) Queen of Caria
- Ada of Holland
- Adalais of Aquitaine, Viscountess of Auvillars and Lomagne
- Adelaide, Countess of Auxerre (1262--?)
- Adelaide I of Auxerre, Countess of Auxerre, 853--864
- Adelaide II of Burgundy, Countess of Auxerre, 921--936
- Adelaide, Countess Palatine of Burgundy, Countess Palatine of Burgundy, 1248--79
- Adelaide of Burgundy, also known as Adelaide of Chalon (941--?), Countess of Troyes, Countess of Beaume, Countess of Chalon-sur-Saône
- Adelaide of India, Countess of Gien
- Adelaide of Normandy, Countess of Aumale, 1069--90
- Adelaide of Provence (d. 1129), also known as Adelaide of Forcalquier, Lady of Forcalquier, 1065--1129, Countess of Provence
- Adelaide of Soissons (d. 1066), Countess of
- Adelaide of Susa (1020--1091), Countess of Turin, Lady of Auriate, Bredulo, Asti, Alba, Albenga and Ventimiglia
- Adelaide of Vermandois (1065--1102), Countess of Valois, Countess of Vermandois
- Adelais, Lady of Venisy (d. 1221), Lady of Venisy
- Adelasia of Torres, Judge of Logudoro, 1236--59
- Adele of Anjou, Countess of Vendôme, 1016--32
- Adele of Valois, Countess of Valois, Countess of Crespy
- Adelheid of Heinsberg, Countess of Heinsberg
- Adelheid of Kyburg, Countess of Kyburg
- Adelheid of Gelder (d. after 1150), Heiress of the stewardship (Ger. *vogtei*) of the Bishopric of Munster
- Adelicia of Sanseverino, Lady of Serino, 1283--?
- Adeline of Meulan (1014--81), Countess of Meulan, ?--1081
- Adelvie of Guise, Lady of Guise
- Adrienne of Estouteville, also known as Adrienne of Bourbon, (1512--1560), Duchess of Estouteville, Lady of Hambye, Gace and Briquebec
- Adyle of Carlat, Viscountess of Carlat
- Aelis of Troyes (d. 1066), Countess of Troyes and Soissons
- Ælfwynn, Lady of the Mercians, 918--919
- Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, 911--918
- Agalbursa, Judge of Arborea, c. 1186
- Agathe of Dammartin (d. 1268), Lady of Ponthieu
- Agathe of Poitiers-Valentinois, Lady of Baux, 1348--?
- Agnes de Percy, Heiress of the Percys
- Agnès de Tarroja inherited the Lordships of Solsona, Arbeca and Tarroja; wife of Ramon Folc IV, Viscount of Cardona
- Agnes of Adelon, Lady of Adelon, c. 1200
- Agnes of Austria (1322--1392), daughter of Leopold I, duchess in Silesia
- Agnes of Baudemont (1130--1210), Lady of Baudemont, La Fere-en-Tardenois and Longueville, Lady of Nesle, Lady of Pontarcy, Lady of Quincy, Countess of Braine
- Agnes of Bourbon (d. 1288), Lady of Bourbon
- Agnes of Burgundy, Countess of Montbeliard, 1332--?
- Agnes of Cleves (d. 1267), Heiress of Cleves and Heinsberg
- Agnes II of Donzy (1199--1225), Dame of Donzy, 1222--25
- Agnes of Faucigny (d. 1268), Lady of Faucigny
- Agnes of Gournay-sur-Marne (d. 1143), Lady of Rochefort, Lady of Gournay-sur-Marne and Gomets, Countess of Rochefort
- Agnes of Montferrat (1180--1208), Latin Empress of Constantinople
- Agnes I of Nevers, Countess of Auxerre and Nevers, 1181--92
- Agnes of Ponthieu (c. 1080--1105/1111), Countess of Ponthieu. 1100--bef. 1105
- Agnes of Thiern, also known as Alix of Thiern, Lady of Montpensier
- Ahhotep I (c. 1560--1530 BC), Queen of Egypt, regent for her son Ahmose I
- Ahilyabai Holkar Maharani (1725--1795) the Holkar Queen of the Maratha ruled Malwa kingdom, India
- Ahmose-Nefertari, Queen of Egypt, regent for her son Amenhotep I
- Aikaterina Asanina Zaccariaina (d. 1462), Titular Lady of Arcadia; Heiress of the Principality of Achaia
- Algayette, Lady
- Alheidis of Heinsberg (d. after 1207), Heinress of Heinsberg
- Alheidis of Sayn (d. c. 1303), Heiress of Hulchrath and Saffenberg (Daughter of Henry I of Sayn (d. 1259) and Agnes of Cleves (d. 1267), Heiress of Cleves and Heinsberg; married Dietrich VI of Cleves (d. 1275)
- Alice de la Roche-sur-l\'Ognon (d. after 1277), Lady of Beirut
- Alice de Lacy (1281--1348), 4th Countess of Lincoln, 1311--48, 4th Countess of Salisbury, 1311--48, Countess of Lancaster, Leicester and Derby
- Alice Montague, 5th Countess of Salisbury
- Alice of Brittany (1243--1288), Lady of Pontarcy
- Alienor of Champagne, Countess of Bar-sur-Aube
- Alix de la Tour du Pin (v. 1280--1309), Dauphine of Viennois, 1307--09
- Alix of Alençon (d. after 1220), Lady of Montgomery
- Alix of Burgundy (1258--1261), Countess of Macon and Vienne, 1224--39
- Alix of Burgundy (1251--1290), Lady of Montjoy, Lady of Valencay, Countess of Auxerre, 1261--90
- Alix of Chacenay (d. 1278), Lady of Chacenay
- Alix of Clermont (d. 1330), Viscountess of Chateaudun
- Alix of Dammartin, Countess of Dammartin
- Alix of Dreux (1255--1296), Viscountess of Chateaudun, 1259--96, which she inherited from her mother Clemence of Chateaudun
- Alix of Dreux (1364--?), Viscountess of Dreux
- Alix of Dreux-Beu (1255--1275), Viscountess of Chateaudun, Lady of Montdoubleau
- Alix of Eu (d. 1246), Lady of Hastings and Countess of Eu, 1191--1246
- Alix of Flanders (1322--1346), Lady of Richebourg
- Alix of France (1160--1225), Lady of Arques, Countess of Eu and Vexins
- Alix of Meran, Countess Palatine of Burgundy, 1248--79
- Alix of Montfort (1218--1255), also known as Alix de Bigorre, Viscountess of Marsan and Countess of Bigorre, 1251--55
- Alix of Thouars, Countess of Richmond & Duchess of Brittany, 1203--21
- Almodis of La Marche (d. 1116), Countess of La Marche
- Alveradis of Saffenberg, Lady of Maubach
- Amalia of Dohna-Vianen (1645--1700), Sovereign Lady and Heiress of Vianen and Ameiden, Heiress Burgravine of Utrecht
- Amalie of Zweibrücken, Lady of Rixingen, 1547--77
- Ameline of Guise (1159--1185), Lady of Guise
- Amanirenas (40--10 BC) Queen regnant of Kush
- Amanishakheto (10 BC -- 1 AD) Queen regnant of Kush
- Amastrine (d. 284 BC) ruler of Heraclea
- Amicia of Gloucester (1160--1225), Countess of Gloucester, 1217
- Amicia, Countess of Leicester, Countess of Leicester
- Amoene of Daun-Falkenstein, Heiress of Limburg
- Anastasia of Isenburg (1400--30), Heiress of Wied
- Andregota Galindez, Countess of Aragon, 922--925
- Anna of Jever, Lady of Jever, 1511--36
- Anna of Kyburg, Countess of Kyburg
- Anna of Stolberg (d. 1436), Countess of Stolberg
- Anna of Tecklenburg (1527--1582), Heiress of Tecklenburg and Rheda
- Anna of Wevelinghoven, Heiress of Wevelinghoven and Lievendael
- Anna Anachoutlou Komnena, Empress of Trebizond, 1341, 1341--42
- Anna Balbo Lascaris (1487--1554), Countess of Tenda, Lady of Mauro, Prela, Villanuovo, Mentone and Antibes
- Anna Lascaris, Countess of Tenda, Lady of Ventimiglia
- Anna Maria of Piombino, Princess of Piombino, 1699--1700
- Anne Boleyn, Marquess of Pembroke
- Lady Anne Clifford (1590--1676)
- Anne of Alençon (d. 1562), Lady of La Guerche and Pouencé, 1525--62
- Anne, Countess of Auvergne, also known as Anne de la Tour d\'Auvergne, Countess of Auvergne, 1501--24
- Anne of Auvergne (1358--1417), Lady of Mercœur and Countess of Forez, 1372--1417, Dauphine of Auvergne, 1399--1417
- Anne of Brittany, Countess of Étampes and Montfort-l\'Aumary and Duchess of Brittany, 1488--1514
- Anne of Burgundy, Dauphine of Viennois, 1269--98
- Anne of Burgundy (d. 1301), Dauphine of Vienne, Countess of Vienne
- Anne of Chabannes, Countess of Dammartin
- Anne of Clermont, Lady of Baux, ?--1403
- Anne of Croy (1563--1635), Lady of Chimay
- Anne of Gloucester (1383--1438), Countess of Buckingham
- Anne, Queen of Great Britain (6 February 1665 -- 1 August 1714)
- Anne of Lorraine, also known as Anne of Vaudemont, Countess of Maulevier, Duchess of Aumale, 1631--38
- Anne of Montmorency (1385--1466), also known as Anne of Laval, Anne of Montmorency-Laval, Lady of Laval, Vitre, Acquigny, Aubigne, Tinteniac, Becherel and Romille, 1414--29
- Anne of Rohan (1604--85), Princess of Guemene
- Anne de Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick (1443--1449), 15th Countess of Warwick, 1445--49
- Anne de Mowbray (1472--81), 8th Countess of Norfolk, 1476--81
- Anne Genevieve of Bourbon-Conde (1619--1679), Duchess of Longueville
- Anne Marie Louise d\'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier (1627--1693), also known as Anne Marie Louise of Bourbon-Montpensier, *la Grande Mademoiselle*, Countess of Eu, 1627--81, Countess of Mortain, 1660--93, Princess of Dombes & La-Roche-sur-Yon, 1627--81, Princess of Joinville, 1627--89, Duchess of Saint-Fergau, 1627--81, Duchess of Montpensier, 1627--93
- Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch Baroness of Whitchester and Ashdale, Countess of Dalkeith, and Duchess of Buccleuch, 1663--1732
- Antoinette of Bauffremont, Countess of Charny
- Antoinette of Bourbon (1493--1583), Duchess of Guise
- Antonia Enriquez de Ribera y Portocarrero (d. 1623), Duchess of Huescar
- Arsinde, Viscountess of Rocaberti and Perelada
- Arsinoe II (316 BC -- 270/260 BC) Ptolemaic Pharaoh of Egypt, co-ruler with her husband
- Artemisia I of Caria (around 480 BC) Queen of Halicarnassus
- Artemisia II of Caria (d. 350 BC) Queen of Caria
- Athaliah (c. 841--835 BC) Queen regnant of Judea
- Attala of Macon, Viscountess of Macon
- Aurembiaix of Urgel (d. 1231), Countess of Urgell
- Ava of Barcelona, Countess of Cerdanya and Besalu, 927--940
- Avantibai Lodhi the -warrior-queen (d. March 20, 1858), the ruler of the Indian state of Ramgarh
- Aveline of Nemours (d. 1191/1196), Lady of Nemours
- Azaline of Fezensac, also known as Adalmure of Fezensac, Countess of Fezensac
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## B
- Barbara of Daun (d. 1547), Lady of Rixingen
- Barthe, Viscountess of Marsan
- Béatrice of Albon (1161--1228), Dauphine of Viennois, Countess of Albon, Grenoble, Oisans and Briancon, 1162--1228
- Beatrice I of Bigorre, Countess of Bigorre, 1055--95
- Beatrice II of Bigorre, Viscountess of Fezensac and Countess of Bigorre, 1112--14
- Beatrice III of Bigorre (1104--1156), Countess of Bigorre, 1128--?
- Beatrice IV of Bigorre, Viscountess of Marsan 1185--?
- Beatrice of Bourbon (1320--83), Lady of Creil
- Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy, Countess Palatine of Burgundy
- Beatrice II, Countess of Burgundy, Countess Palatine of Burgundy, 1205--31
- Beatrice of Clermont (d. c. 1364), Countess of Charolais, 1316--64
- Beatrice of Montfort (d. 1311), Lady of Rochefort, Countess of Montfort-l\'Aumary
- Beatrice of Portugal (1373--c. 1420), titular Queen of Portugal, Consort Queen of Castile and León
- Beatrice of Provence (1234--1267), Lady of Forcalquier & Countess of Provence, 1245--67
- Beatrice of Sabran (1182--1248), Countess of Gap and Embrun, Lady of Caylar
- Beatrice of Savoy, also known as *la Grande Dauphine*, Lady of Faucigny, 1268--? which she inherited from her mother, Agnes of Faucigny
- Beatrice of Savoy, Countess of Forcalquier and Gap, 1245--56
- Beatrice of Thiers, also known as Beatrice of Thiern, (1174--1228) Countess of Chalon-sur-Saône, 1202--27
- Beatrice Ferillo, Heiress of Muro Lucano
- Beatriu de Montcada Heiress of Moncada
- Beatrix of Burgundy, Countess of Vienne, 1224
- Beatrix, Lady
- Beatrix of Burgundy (b. 1216--?), Lady of Montreal
- Beatrix of Burgundy (1257--1310), Lady of Bourbon, Lady of Saint-Just, Countess of Charolais
- Beatrix of Évreux (1392--1407), Duchess of Nemours
- Beatrix of Maine, Countess of Maine
- Beatrix of Montfort (1245--1312), Countess of Montfort-L'Aumary, 1249--12
- Beatrix of Putten (d. 1354), Lady of Putten and Strijen
- Beatrix of the Netherlands, Queen of the Netherlands, 1980--2013
- Benedetta of Cagliari, Judge of Cagliari, 1214--33
- Berenguela of Castile, Queen of Castile, 1217, Queen of León, 1217
- Berenice II of Egypt (267/266 BC -- 221 BC) Queen of Cyrenaica, co-regent of Egypt
- Berenice III of Egypt (120 BC -- 80 BC) co-regent, then sole queen of Egypt
- Berenice IV of Egypt (77 BC -- 55 BC) Queen of Egypt
- Berta of Aumale, Countess of Aumale, 1048--52
- Bertha of Limburg, Heiress of Monschau, Montjoie
- Bertha of Rouergue, Countess of Rouergue, 953/954--1064
- Berthe of Cornouaille (1119--1157), Duchess of Brittany, 1148--57
- Berthe of Tuscany, Countess of Arles, 936--?
- Biru (1566--1624), Raja of Patani
- Blanche I of Navarre (1386--1441), Queen of Navarre
- Blanche II of Navarre (1424--1464), Queen of Navarre
- Blanca of Molina, Lady of Molina, 1248--93?
- Blanche of Aumale, Countess of Aumale, 1343--87
- Blanche of Dammartin, Lady of Nesle, Countess of Dammartin
- Blanche de Dreux (1270--1327), Lady of Brie-Comte-Robert
- Blanche of Lancaster (1345--1369), Duchess of Lancaster
- Blanche of Ponthieu (d. 1387), Lady of Montgomery, Countess of Aumale, 1343--87
- Bonne de la Roche, Joint Lady of Thebes, 1240
- Boudica, Queen of the Iceni
- Brianda de Beaumont (d. 1588), Countess of Lerin
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## C
- Caeria (4th century BC) Illyrian queen
- Camadevi (623 or 633--715 or 731) Queen of Hariphunchai
- Catalina of Castile, Viscountess of Limoges, 1317--28
- Caterina Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus, 1473--1489
- Catherine de\' Medici, Lady of La Tour and Countess of Auvergne and Boulogne, 1524--89
- Catherine of Alençon, Countess of Mortain, 1412--1216`{{date?}}`{=mediawiki}
- Catherine of Appiano (1398--1451), also known as Caterina Appiani, Lady of Piombino, Scarlino, Populonia, Suvereto, Buriano, Abbadia al Fango and of the Isles of Elba, Montecristo and Pianosa, 1445--51
- Catherine of Bourbon-Conde (1575--1595), Marquise des Isles
- Catherine of Clermont (d. 1218), Countess of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis
- Catherine of Cleves (1548--1633), Countess of Eu, 1564--1633
- Catherine of Condé (1258--1329), Lady of Carency
- Catherine of Gemen (d. 1502), Heiress of Wevelinghoven
- Catherine of Gondi, Duchess of Retz, Duchess of Beaupreau
- Catherine of Guise, Duchess of Étampes, 1579--82
- Catherine of L\'Isle-Bouchard (c. 1390--1474), Lady of Rochefort-sur-Loire
- Catherine of Navarre (1468--1517), Countess of Bigorre, Foix and Ribagorza, 1483--1517, Duchess of Gandia and Penafiel, and Queen of Navarre
- Catherine of Navarre (1558--1604), Duchess of Albret, Countess of Armagnac
- Catherine of Sully, Countess of Rochefort
- Catherine of Vendôme, Countess of Vendôme and Castres, 1374--93
- Catherine of Vendôme (1345--1412), Heiress of Vendôme
- Cecile of Rodez (d. 1314), Countess of Rodez
- Cecilia Sagredo, Lady of Paros, 1535--37
- Chand Bibi (1550--1599) ruler of Ahmednagar Sultanate, India
- Charlotte de Montmorency
- Charlotte of Albret (1480--1514), Lady of Chalus
- Charlotte of Armagnac (d. 1504), Countess of Guise & Duchess of Nemours, 1503--04
- Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1896--1985), reigning Grand Duchess of Luxembourg from 1919 to 1964
- Charlotte of Nevers, Countess of Rethel, 1491--1500
- Chiraprapha (1499--1594) Queen of Lanna
- Christina, Queen of Sweden, Daughter of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
- Claire of Athens, Duchess of Athens, 1451
- Claude of France, Lady of Houdan and Neaufles, 1514--24, Countess of Aast, Blois, Coucy, Étampes and Montfort-L'Aumary, and Duchess of Brittany, 1514--24
- Claudine of Monaco (1451--1515), Lady of Monaco, 1457--58 (Abd).
- Clemence of Chateaudun (1229--1259), Viscountess of Chateaudun and Lady of Montdoubleau
- Cleopatra I Syra (204 BC -- 176 BC) regent of Egypt
- Cleopatra II of Egypt (c. 185 BC -- 116/115 BC) co-ruler of Egypt
- Cleopatra III of Egypt (c. 160 BC -- 101 BC) co-ruler of Egypt
- Cleopatra IV of Egypt (c. 138/135 BC -- 112 BC) co-ruler of Egypt
- Cleopatra V of Egypt (d. 69/68/57 BC) co-ruler of Egypt
- Cleopatra VII (51--47 BC) co-ruler then sole queen of Egypt
- Cleopatra of Macedon (355/354 -- 308 BC) Queen regnant of Epirus
- Cleopatra Selene of Syria (135/140 -- 69 BC) Queen regnant of Syria
- Comtessa Marguerite of Geneva (1160--?), Lady of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis.
- Constance of Antioch, Princess of Antioch, Lady of Laodicea and Gibel
- Constance of Béarn (d. 1310), Countess of Bigorre, Viscountess of Marsan, 1301--10
- Constance, Duchess of Brittany Countess of Richmond and Duchess of Brittany, 1166--96
- Constance I of Sicily, Queen of Sicily, 1194--98
- Constance II of Sicily, Queen of Sicily, 1266--1302
- Constanza de Antillón, Señora de Antillón and Heiress of Urgell
- Constanza de Montcada, Heiress of Moncada
## D
- Diana de Borbon y Gagnon, Countess de Castile de Vigo
- Diane of Luxemburg-Saint-Pol (d. 1624), Duchess of Piney
- Dias of Muret, Lady of Sarraman and Saves
- Dorotea Orsini (d. 1665), Heiress of Solofra and Muro Lucano
- Douce, Countess of Pallars-Jussa
- Douce I of Gévaudan (1090--1129), also known as Douce of Rouergue, also known as Douce of Arles, Viscountess of Millau and Gévaudan, 1111--29 and Countess of Provence, 1115--30
- Douce II of Provence, Countess of Provence, 1166--67
- Durgavati Rani (1524--1564), ruler of Gond Kingdom, Central India
- Dynamis (67 BC -- 8 AD) Roman client queen of the Bosporan Kingdom
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## E
- Ekaterine Dadiani, Princess Regent of Mingrelia, 1853--66
- Ela of Salisbury, 3rd Countess of Salisbury (c. 1187--1261), Countess of Salisbury, 1196
- Eleanor of Alburquerque (1374--1435), Lady of Alburquerque
- Eleanor of Aquitaine, Duchess of Aquitaine and Gascony, Countess of Poitiers 1137--1204
- Eleanor of Bourbon-La Marche (1407--1463), Countess of La Marche, 1435--62, Duchess of Nemours, 1425--62
- Eleanor of Castile (1241--1290), Countess of Montreuil & Ponthieu, 1279--90
- Eleanor of Navarre, Queen of Navarre
- Elena of Gallura, Judge of Gallura, 1203--17
- Eleonora of Arborea, Judge of Arborea, 1387--1408
- Eleonora of Roddi, Countess of Roddi, 1588--1620
- Eleonore of Roye (d. 1564), Lady of Conti
- Elisa Bonaparte, Princess of Lucca and Piombino, 1805--08; Duchess of Massa, 1805--14; Grand Duchess of Tuscany, 1809--14
- Elisabeth of Freiburg, Countess of Freiburg
- Elisabeth of Leiningen, Lady of Rixingen
- Elisabeth of Mansfeld, Countess of Mansfeld
- Elisabeth of Orlamunde (d. after 1363), Countess of Orlamunde
- Elisabeth of Saint-Pol (1179--1232), Countess of Saint-Pol, 1205--32
- Elisabeth of Sponheim, Countess of Sponheim-Kreutznach, 1414--17, Countess of Vianden, 1400--17
- Elisabeth of Saint-Pol (1179--1232), Lady of Ancre.
- Elizabeth Clifford (1613--1690/91), 2nd Baroness Clifford, 1643--91
- Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster, also known as Elizabeth of Ulster, 12th Lady of Clare, 1360--1363; 4th Countess of Ulster, 1333--63
- Elizabeth de Clare (1295--1360), also known as Elizabeth de Burgh, 11th Lady of Clare, 1314--60
- Elizabeth I (1533--1603)
- Elizabeth II (1926--2022)
- Elizabeth of Gorlitz (1390--1451), also known as Elizabeth of Luxemburg, Duchess of Gorlitz, Duchess of Luxemburg, 1411--41
- Elizabeth of Lippe-Alviderssen, Couyntess of Schaumburg, ?--1646
- Elvira Ramírez of León (c. 932--after 982), Lady of Toro
- Elvira de Lara, Lady of Subirats, 1209--20, Countess of Urgell, 1209--20
- Emma, Lady of Chateau-Gonthier
- Emma of Laval, heiress of Laval
- Emma of Provence, Countess of Provence, 1037--54
- Emma of Provence, Marquise of Provence, 1054--62
- Emme, Lady of Laval
- Eremburge de la Fleche (1091--1126), also known as Eremburge of Blois, Lady of Fleche & Countess of Maine & Mans, 1110--26 , Lady of Chateau-du-Loir
- Ermengarde of Creyssel, Viscountess of Creyssel
- Ermengarde of Roussillon & Ampurias, Countess of Peyrepertuse
- Ermentrude of Roucy, Count of Macon, Countess of Besançon
- Ermesinde of Carcassonne, Regent Countess of Barcelona, 1018--23
- Ermesinde I of Luxemburg (1080--1143), Lady of Longwy & Countess of Luxemburg, 1136--43
- Ermesinde II of Luxemburg (1186--1247), also known as Ermesinde of Namur, Countess of Durbuy, Laroche & Luxemburg, 1196--1247
- Ermengarde of Narbonne-Pelet (d. 1176), also known as Ermessende Pelet d\'Alais, Countess of Melgueil
- Ernestina of Sayn, Countess Sayn-Hachenburg, 1648--61
- Eschiva, Lady of Scandaleon, c. 1370
- Eschiva of Iblein (1253--1312), Lady of Beirut
- Eschiva of Montfort (d. bef. 1350), Lady of Beirut
- Esclaramunda de Pinés, Heiress of Canet
- Etazeta of Bithynia (fl. 255 BC -- 254 BC) regent of Bithynia
- Etienne of Vienne, Countess of Vienne
- Euphrosyne of Vendôme, heiress of Vendôme
## F
- Falquiline of Bigorre, Countess of Bigorre
- Felicitas of Beichlingen, Countess of Beichlingen
- Fiorenza Crispo (d. before 1483), Lady of Santorini, 1479--80
- Fiorenza Sanudo, Duchess of Naxos, 1361--71
- Francesca Acciajuoli, Duchess of Athens, 1394--95
- Françoise of Alençon (d. 1550), Lady of Beaumount-au-Maine, 1525--50
- Françoise of Amboise, Lady of Amboise, 1469--85
- Françoise of Châtillon, Viscountess of Limoges, 1456--81
- Françoise of Dinan (1436--1499), Lady of Chateaubriantis
- Françoise de Lorraine (1592--1669), Countess of Penthièvre, 1602--08, Duchess of Penthièvre, 1608--69, Duchess of Mercœur, 1602--49 (Resigned), Princess of Martigues
- Françoise of Penthièvre (1440--1481), Lady of Avesnes & Viscountess of Limoges & Lomagne, 1455--81, Countess of Périgord
- Françoise of Périgord (d. 1481), Countess of Périgord
- Françoise of Rohan (d. 1591), Duchess of Loudon.
- Fritigil (mid 4th century), Queen of the Marcomanni, last known ruler of the Germanic peoples
## G
- Gabrielle d\'Estrées (1571--1599), Marquise of Monceaux & Duchess of Beaufort & Duchess of Étampes, 1598--99
- Gaboimilla (c. 1500s), mythical queen of a tribe of Amazons in Southern Chile
- Gentile Brancaleoni (d. 1459), Countess of Mercatello sul Metauro, Lady of Massa Trabaria
- Gerberge of Provence (1060--1115), Countess of Provence and Arles, 1093--1115
- Gersende of Bigorre (d. 1032/34), Countess of Bigorre
- Gersende of Forcalquier, Countess of Forcalquier, 1209--?
- Gersende of Sabran (1180--1242), Countess of Forcalquier
- Garsende II of Sabran, Lady of Forcalquier
- Gersende of Urgel, Lady of Forcalquier, 1209--?
- Gertrud of Nordheim (1115--1154/65), Countess of Bentheim
- Giordana of Sanseverino, Lady of Solofra
- Giovanna Carafa, Countess of Roddi, 1525--34
- Gisela Agnes of Rath (1669--1740), Countess of Nienburg, 1694--1740
- Grapella dalle Carceri, Princs of Euboea, 1262--64
- Guglielma Pallavicini (d. 1358), Lady of Thermopylae, Marchioness of Bodonitsa, 1311
- Guillemette of Neufchâtel (1270--1317), also known as Guillemette of Neuenburg, Lady of Montbéliard
- Guillermina, Countess of Pallars-Soubira
- Guinidilda of Roussillon, heiress of Miron I, Count of Roussillon
- Guinodeon, Countess of Porhoet
- Guirande of Dax, Viscountess of Dax
- Guiscarda of Béarn, Viscountess of Béarn, 1134--54
- Guyonne of Salins, Lady of Salins
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## H
- Hatshepsut, Pharaoh of Egypt
- Hawise of Blois, Countess of Aumale, 1179--94
- Hedwig of Bentheim (d. c. 1371), Heiress of Bentheim
- Hedwig of Ravensberg, Heiress of Lordship of Dale, 1166
- Heilwig of Kyburg (d. 1260), Countess of Kyburg
- Helen of Serbia, Ruler of Zeta, 1276--1309
- Helissende of Perche, Countess of Perche
- Helvis, Lady of Catheu
- Helvise of Ramleh, Lady of Ramleh
- Henrietta Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, 1722--33
- Henriette of Cleves (1552--1601), Countess of Rethel & Duchess of Nevers, 1564--1601
- Henriette of Grandson (d. 1322), Lady of Grandson and la Sarraz
- Henriette, Countess of Montbéliard, also known as Henriette of Montfaucon (1387--1444), Countess of Montbeliard, 1397--1444
- Henriette Catherine of Joyeuse (1585--1654), Lady of Roches, Countess of Bouchage, Duchess of Joyeuse, 1608--47; Princess of Joinville, 1641--54
- Hildiarde of Oisy, Viscountess of Meux
- Hortense Mancini, Duchess of Mayenne, Mazarin & Rethel, 1661--69
- Humberge of Limoges, also known as Brunisende of Limoges, Viscountess of Limoges, 1194--1253
## I
- Ida of Boulogne, Countess of Mortain, 1204--16
- Ide-Raymonde of Forez, Countess of Forez
- Ii Naotora, 18th head of the Ii clan (d. 1582)
- Ilaria Scillato, Lady of Ceppaloni
- Ippolita I Ludovisi (1663--1724), Princess of Piombino, 1700--24
- Irene the Athenian, Byzantine Empress, 797--802
- Irene Palaeologina, Empress of Trebizond, 1340--41
- Irmgard of Plotzkau (1070/80--1153), Heiress of County of Walbeck
- Irmgard of Wevelinghoven (d. 1474), Heiress of Lordship of Alfter
- Isabeau of Antoing (d. 1354), Burgravine of Ghent
- Isabeau of Carlat, Viscountess of Carlat, 1303--?
- Isabeau of Carlat, Lady of Carlat
- Isabeau of Craon, Lady of Craon
- Isabeau of Germaines (d. 1341), Lady of Germaines
- Isabeau of Ghistelle, Countess of Harnes, 1386--1413
- Isabeau of Thouars, Lady of Mauleon & Talmond, Viscountess of Thouars, Countess of Benon & Dreux
- Isabeau of Vivonne, Lady of Regnac
- Isabel of Brazil (1846--1921), heiress presumptive of the Empire of Brazil and regent on three occasions.
- Isabel, widow of Ravano dalle Carceri, Lord of Euboea, 1209--16; Princess of Euboea, 1216--20
- Isabel of Aragon (1409--1443), Countess of Urgell, 1433--43
- Isabel de Mauduit, heiress of County of Warwick
- Isabel Douglas, Countess of Mar, Countess of Mar and Lady of Garioch, 1391--1404
- Isabel Teles de Molina (1290--?), 10th Lady of Menezes
- Isabel de Warenne, heiress of Warenne
- Isabella I of Castile, Queen of Castile, 1474--1504
- Isabella of England (1332--1379), Countess of Soissons, 1365
- Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine
- Isabella II of Spain, Queen of Spain, 1833--68
- Isabella of Gloucester (1170--1217), Countess of Gloucester
- Isabella of Ibelin, Lady of Beirut, 1264--82
- Isabella of Jerusalem, Queen of Jerusalem, 1190--1206
- Isabella of Oultrejourdain, Lady of Oultrejourdain
- Isabella Appiani, also known as Isabella d\'Appiani d\'Aragon, Lady of Piombino & Elba, 1590--94; Princess of Piombino, 1594--1661
- Isabella Pallavicini, Marchioness of Bodonitsa, 1278--86
- Isabella of Roucy, Countess of Roucy, ?--1379
- Isabella of Spain (1566--1633), Countess of Charolais, 1598--1633, Countess Palatine of Burgundy, 1598--1633
- Isabella of Clermont, Princess of Taranto, 1463--65
- Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain
- Isabella de Warenne (1137--1199), Countess of Surrey
- Isabella da Ponte, Heiress of Tagliacozzo
- Isabelle of Albret (d. 1294), Lady of Albret & Viscountess of Maremne, 1283--94
- Isabelle, Lady of Argos and Nauplia
- Isabelle of Angoulême (1187--1246), Countess of Angoulême, 1202--46
- Isabelle of Beaujeau (d. 1297), Lady of Beaujeau, 1250--97
- Isabelle of Beauvau (1436--1474), Lady of La-Roche-sur-Yon, Lady of Champigny-sur-Vende
- Isabelle of Brienne (1305--1360), Countess of Conversano, 1356--60, Countess of Lecce, 1356--60, Countess of Brienne, 1356--60.
- Isabelle of Chartres (d. 1248/1249), Lady of Amboise (before 1218) and Countess of Chartres (after 1218)
- Isabelle of Coucy (d. 1411), Countess of Soissons, ?--1411
- Isabelle of Dreux (1160--1239), Lady of Baudemont
- Isabelle of Foix (1360--1426), Viscountess of Béarn & Castelbon & Countess of Foix, 1398--1412
- Isabelle of France (1158--1197), Countess of Vexin
- Isabella, Countess of Vertus (1348--1373), Countess of Vertus 1361--73
- Isabelle of Luxemburg (d. 1472), Countess of Guise
- Isabelle of Mayenne (d. 1257), Lady of Mayenne, 1220--57
- Isabelle of Rumigny (1263--1322), Lady of Rumigny, 1270--1322
- Isabelle I of Villehardouin (1260--1311), Princess of Achaea, 1289--97, 1301--07
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## J
- Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut, Lady of Friesland & Countess of Hainaut, Holland & Zeeland, 1417--32
- Jacqueline of Bethune, Countess of Harnes, 1413--42
- Jacqueline of Bethune (d. 1457), Vidamese of Amiens
- Jacqueline de Longwy (d. 1561), Countess of Bar-sur-Seine
- Jadwiga the Saint, Queen of Poland, 1384--99
- Jakoba of Bavaria (1401--36), Countess of Holland, Hainaut and Zeeland, 1417--32
- Lady Jane Grey (1536/1537 -- 12 February 1554), also known as Lady Jane Dudley\[3\] or The Nine Days\' Queen,\[4\] was an English noblewoman and de facto monarch of England from 10 July until 19 July 1553.
- Jeanne de Scepeaux, Countess of Chemilles, Duchess of Beaupreau
- Jeanne de la Guerche, Lady of La Guerche, Pouance & Chateau-Gnthier
- Jeanne of Albret, Countess of Dreux (d. 1444)
- Jeanne of Argies (d. 1334), Lady of Catheu
- Jeanne of Avaugour (d. 1327), Countess of Goello and Avaugour
- Jeanne of Avaugour, Countess of Penthièvre, 1334--84
- Jeanne, Dauphine d\'Auvergne (1414--1436), Countess of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, Countess of Sancerre, 1419--36, Dauphine of Auvergne
- Jeanne I of Auvergne, Duchess of Auvergne
- Jeanne of Avesnes (1323--1350), Lady of Chimay & Countess of Soissons, 1350
- Jeanne of Bar (1415--1462), Countess of Soissons & Marle
- Jeanne of Beaujeau (d. 1308), Lady of Montpensier, 1285--1308
- Jeanne I of Beaujeau (1345--1346), also known as Jeanne of Dreux, Lady of Montpensier, 1345--46
- Jeanne of Bethune (d. 1450). Viscountess of Meaux, 1408--50
- Jeanne of Bourbon (d. 1487), Lady of Rochefort
- Jeanne of Brabant, Duchess of Brabant, 1355--1406, Duchess of Limburg, 1355--96
- Jeanne of Brienne, Lady of Seans-en-Othe
- Jeanne of Brienne (d. 1389), Lady of Chateau-Chinon, 1351--89, which she inherited from her mother Jeanne of Mello
- Jeanne I of Burgundy, Countess Palatine of Burgundy, 1200--05
- Jeanne II, Countess of Burgundy (1292--1330), Countess Palatine of Burgundy, 1307--30, Lady of Salins, 1303--23, Countess of Artois, 1329--30
- Jeanne of Châtellerault (1235--1315), Viscountess of Châtellerault
- Jelena Gruba, (1345--1399), Queen of Bosnia (1391 to 1398), first as queen consort until 1395 and then as queen regnant, she was the only female head of state in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Joanna of Châtillon, Duchess of Athens, 1311
- Jeanne of Chiny (1210--56), Countess of Chiny
- Jeanne of Clermont (d. 1436), Countess of Clermont, Dauphine of Auvergne
- Jeanne of Dammartin, Countess of Mortain, 1245--51
- Jeanne of Dammartin (1216--1279), Countess of Aumale, 1239--79, Countess of Montreuil & Ponthieu, 1251--79
- Jeanne of Dreux, Countess of Braine
- Jeanne I of Dreux (1345--1346), Countess of Dreux, Countess of Joigny
- Jeanne II of Dreux (1309--1355), Countess of Dreux, Countess of Joigny
- Jeanne of Flanders, Countess of Flanders & Hainaut, 1205--44
- Jeanne of Forez (d. 1369), Countess of Forez
- Jeanne III, Countess of Burgundy, Countess Palatine of Burgundy & Countess of Artois, 1330--47
- Jeanne of Ham, Lady of Ham
- Jeanne of Harcourt, Lady of Aigle
- Jeanne of Harcourt (1372--1456), Lady of Montaigle
- Jeanne of Harcourt (d. 1488), Countess of Tancarville, 1484--88
- Jeanne of Joigny (d. 1454), Lady of Grignon, Countess of Joigny
- Jeanne of Joinville, Countess of Joigny
- Jeanne of Luxemburg (d. 1407), Countess of Ligny, Duchess of Saint-Fergau, Lady of Roussy
- Jeanne of Luxembourg (d. 1430), also known as *Demoiselle de Luxemburg*, Countess of Ligny & Saint-Pol, 1430, Lady of Roussy
- Jeanne of Mello (d. 1351), Lady of Chateau-Chinon
- Jeanne of Montfaucon (d. 1445), Lady of Montfaucon
- Jeanne of Montpensier (d. 1308), Countess of Montpensier
- Jeanne III of Navarre (1528--1572), Viscountess of Béarn, Limoges, Lomagne, Maremne & Tartas, 1555--72, Countess of Armagnac, Dreux, Fezensac, Foix, Gause, Guisnes, l\'Isle-Jourdain, Pardiac, Perche, Périgord, Porhoet & Rodez, 1555--72, Duchess of Albret, 1555--72
- Jeanne of Penthièvre (1319--1384), also known as *Joan the Lame* or Joan, Duchess of Brittany, Viscountess of Limoges & Countess of Avaugour & Penthièvre, 1331--84
- Joanna of Pfirt (1300--1351), Countess of Pfirt
- Jeanne of Pierrepont (1406--1459), Lady of Braine, Lady of Roucy
- Jeanne of Ponthieu (d. 1376), Lady of Épernon
- Jeanne of Rethel (1277--1328), Countess of Rethel, 1285--1328
- Jeanne of Soissons (1323--1350), Countess of Soissons
- Jeanne of Tancarville, Heiress of Tancarville
- Jeanne of Tancarville (d. 1488), Countess of Tancarville, Baroness of Montgomery, Lady of Varenquebec, Parthenay, Montreuil-Bellay, Estrapagny
- Jeanne of Toulouse (1220--71), Countess of Toulouse, 1249--71
- Jeanne of Vaudemont (1458--1480), Countess of Aumale, Countess of Guise, Countess of Mortain
- Jimena Diaz, Lady of Valencia, 1099--1102
- Jindeok of Silla (647--654), Queen of Korea
- Jinseong of Silla (887--897), Queen of Korea
- Joan, Countess of Blois (1258--1292), also known as Jeanne of Châtillon, Lady of Avesnes & Countess of Blois, Chartres & Dunois, 1280--91
- Joan, Duchess of Brittany (1319--1384), Duchess of Brittany, 1341--84
- Joan I of Navarre, Countess of Champagne, 1274--1305
- Joan I of Naples (1326--1381), Lady of Forcalquier, 1373--81, Countess of Provence, 1373--81, Princess of Achaea, 1373--81, Duchess of Calabria, 1373--81, Queen of Naples
- Joan II of Naples, Queen of Naples
- Joan II of Navarre, Queen of Navarre, 1328--49, Countess of Mortain, 1328--49
- Joan III of Navarre (1528--1572), Queen of Navarre; Her full titles: Queen of Navarre, Countess of Foix, Bigorre & Périgord; Viscountess of Béarn & Limoges (inherited from her father); Duchess of Alençon & Berry, Countess of Rodez, Armagnac, Perche, Fezensac, L'Isle-Jourdain, Porhoet, Pardiac, Viscountess of Lomagne, Fezenzaguet, Brulhois, Cressey, Auvillars, Baroness of Castelnau, Caussade, Montmiral, Lady of La Fleche and Bauge (inherited from her mother)
- Joan of Kent (1328--1385), also known as *the Fair Maid of Kent*, *Lady Joan Plantagenet*, 5th Baroness Wake of Liddell & Countess of Kent, 1352--85
- Joanna of Durazzo, Duchess of Durazzo 1348--68
- Johanna of Baden-Hochberg, Margravine of Rothelin, 1503--43, Countess of Neuchâtel, 1503--43
- Johanna of Forbach, Lady of Rixingen
- Joice Lado, Lady of South Sudan
- Jordane of Grandson, Lady of Belmont
- Jordane de La Sarraz, Lady of Belmont
- Juana the Mad, Queen of Castile, 1504--55
- Juliana of the Netherlands, Queen of the Netherlands, 1948--80
- Juliane de Leyburn, Baroness Leyburn
- Juana of Portugal, Countess of Mortain, 1250--51
- Juana de Panyafiel (1339--1381), Lady of Lara, Lady of Vizcaya
- Juana Nunez de Lara (1285--1351), Lady of Herrera, Lady of Lara
- Juliana Grenier, Lady of Caesarea, 1187--1219
- Jusiana de Entenza, Lady of Alcolea
- Jutta of Ravensberg (d. after 1302), Heiress of Vechta and Vlotho
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List of female hereditary monarchs
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# List of female hereditary monarchs
## K
- Kamasarye Philoteknos (180--150 BC) Queen regnant of the Bosporan Kingdom
- Katharina of Saffenberg, countess of Neuenahr
- Khentkaus I, possibly a regent for one of her sons, a Pharaoh of Egypt
- Kittur Chennamma (1778--1829), Indian freedom fighter and Rani of the Kittur
- Kubaba, only queen on the Sumerian king list
- Kunigunde of Dale (d. 1350), Heiress of Dale-Diepenheim
## L
- Lakshmibai, Queen (Rani) of Maratha-ruled Jhansi State, India 1853--58. She was one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and became for Indian nationalists a symbol of resistance to the rule of the British East India Company in the subcontinent.
- Laodice (fl. 2nd century BC) Queen of the Kingdom of Pontus, likely a co-ruler with her husband
- Laure of Chabanais (1245--?), Countess of Bigorre, 1255--?
- Laure of Montfort (d. 1270), Lady of Épernon and Gambais
- Lauretta of Saarbrücken, Countess of Saarbrücken, 1252--71
- Leonor de Cabrera (1264--?), Heiress of Urgel
- Leonore of Rohan (1539--1583), Countess of Rochefort
- Liegarde of Chalon, Duchess of Burgundy
- Lili\'uokalani (1838--1917), Queen of the Kingdom of Hawaii, 1891--93
- Liutgarde of Falkenstein, Countess of Falkenstein
- Louise of Albret (d. 1531), Viscountess of Limoges
- Louise of Arberg (d. 1519), Countess of Valangin, 1518--19
- Louise of Aumont (1759--1826), Duchess of la Meilleraye, Mayenne & Rethel, 1781--89
- Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier (1483--1561), also known as Louise de Bourbon, Countess of Mortain, 1530--61, Countess of Montpensier, 1538--39, Duchess of Montpensier, 1522--61, Dauphine of Auvergne, 1538--61, Duchess of Auvergne, 1538--61
- Louise of Clermont, Lady of Baux, 1403--21
- Louise of Luxemburg-Saint-Pol (1567--1647), Countess of Brienne, 1608--47
- Louise of Savoy (1476--1531), Countess of Beaumont-en-Anjou, 1515--16, Countess of Maine, 1515--31, Countess of Beaufort, Countess of Gien, Duchess of Beaufort, 1515--18, Duchess of Angoulême, 1515--31; Duchess of Anjou, 1515--31, Duchess of Nemours, 1524--31, Duchess of Bourbon, 1527--31
- Louise de Beon, Countess of Brienne, Countess of Brienne, 1647--?.
- Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon, Duchess of Étampes, 1718--52
- Louise Jean de Durfort (1735--1781), Duchess of la Meilleraye, Mayenne, Mazarin & Rethel, 1738--81
- Louise Henriette de Bourbon, Duchess of Étampes, 1752--59
- Louise Hippolyte of Monaco (1697--1731), Princess of Monaco, 1731
- Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, also known as Louise Marie Adélaïde of Bourbon-Penthièvre, Duchess of Aumale, 1814--21, Countess of Eu, 1793--1821
- Louise-Renée de Pénancoët de Kéroualle, Baroness of Petersfield, Countess of Fareham, 1st Duchess of Portsmouth & 1st Duchess of Aubigny
- Lucia of Tripoli, Countess of Tripoli, 1287--89
- Lucrezia Pignatelli (1704--1760), 4th Princess of Strongoli, 6th Countess of Melissa, Duchess of Tolve
- Luisa Manrique of Lara, Duchess of Najera, 1558--85
- Lukarde of Leiningen, Heiress of Leiningen
- Lý Chiêu Hoàng (1218--1278), Queen regnant of Vietnam, the only female emperor in Vietnamese history
- Lyonette of Geneva, Lady of Gex
| 484 |
List of female hereditary monarchs
| 6 |
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# List of female hereditary monarchs
## M
- Mabille of Bellem (d. 1082), Lady of Belleme, 1070--82; Countess of Alençon
- Madeleine Charlotte of Piney-Luxembourg, Countess of Ligny & Duchess of Piney-Luxemburg, 1680--1701
- Mafalda Manrique of Lara, also known as Mafalda Gonzalez, Lady of Molina, 1239--48
- Magdalena of Neuenahr, Heiress of Limburg
- Magdalena Christina of Sayn, Countess Sayn-Hachenburg, 1661--1715
- Mahaut of Artois (1268--1329), Countess of Artois, 1302--29
- Mahaut I of Courtenay (1185--1257), Countess of Nevers, 1192--1257
- Mahaut of Courtenay (c. 1254--1303), Countess of Chieti
- Mahaut II of Dampierre (1234--1262), Lady of Broigny, Donzy, Montjoy, Perche-Goet, Saint Aignan & Torigny, 1254--62, Lady of Bourbon, 1257--62, Countess of Auxerre, Nevers & Tonnerre, 1257--62
- Mahaut of Dammartin, Countess of Aumale, 1216--59
- Mahaut of Grignon (d. 1192), Countess of Grignon and Tonnerre
- Maleqorobar (266--283) Queen of Kush
- Mania (c. 440--399 BC) ruler of Dardanus
- Margaret de Newburg, Countess of Warwick (d. 1253)
- Margaret of Salisbury (1473--1541), 8th Countess of Salisbury, also known as *Margaret Plantagenet*, *Blessed Margaret Pole*
- Margaret, Countess of Blois (d. 1230)
- Maria, ruler of the Tehuelche
- Mari, Sovereign Countess of Aramayona
- Margaret, Countess of Carrick (d. 1292), also known as Marjorie of Carrick
- Margaret Maultasch, Countess of Tyrol
- Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy (1480--1530), Countess of Charolais, 1493--1530, Countess Palatine of Burgundy, 1493--1530, Countess of Artois, 1493--1530
- Margaret of Béarn (1245--1319), Countess of Bigorre
- Margaret of Dampierre, Countess of Rethel, 1384--1402
- Margaret of Enghien (1365--1397), Countess of Conversano
- Margaret I, Countess of Burgundy, Lady of Salins, 1361--82, Countess Palatine of Burgundy, 1361--82, Countess of Artois, 1361--82
- Margaret I of Flanders, Countess of Flanders & Hainaut, 1244--80
- Margaret of Freiburg (d. 1300/39), Heiress of Badenweiler
- Margaret I of Holland (1311--1356),
- Margaret II of Flanders, Countess of Hainaut, Holland & Zeeland, 1345--49
- Margaret III, Countess of Flanders
- Margaret of Limburg (d. 1479), Heiress of Bedburg & Hakenbroich
- Margaret of Lorraine-Adamant (d. 1477), Lady of Arschot
- Margaret, Countess of Mar, Countess of Mar, 1374--91
- Margaret of Norfolk (1320--1399), Duchess of Norfolk, 1397--99, 2nd Countess of Norfolk, 1338--99
- Margaret of Reyghersvliet, Countess of Harnes, ?--1340
- Margaret of Salisbury, also known as *Margaret Longespee*, Countess of Salisbury
- Margaret of Zeeland, Countess of Zeeland, 1345--54
- Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake (1300--1349), Baroness Wake of Liddell, 1349
- Margareta of Gleichen (1480--1567), Countess of Gleichen in Blankenhain
- Margarethe of Courtenay, Margravine of Namur
- Margarethe of Marck (1527--1599), Countess of Arenberg
- Margarethe of Ravensberg (d. 1389), Heiress of Ravensberg and Berg
- Margery of Warwick (d. 1253), Countess of Warwick
- Margherita di Chiaramonte, sister and heiress of Ugone, Count of Chiaramonte, Lord of Castronovo, Noja, Torremare and Sevisio
- Margherita di Sangineto (d. after 1380), Countess of Altomonte and Corigliano
- Marguerite de Neuilly, Lady of Passava; Heiress of Akova
- Margrethe II of Denmark (b. 1940), Queen of Denmark, 1972--present
- Marguerite de Navarre, Duchess of Berry, 1517--49, Duchess of Alençon & Countess of Perche, 1525--49?
- Marguerite of Alençon (1503--?), Countess of Alençon
- Marguerite of Amboise (d. 1475), Princess of Talmond, Viscountess of Thouars, Lady of Mauleon, Lady of Montrichard
- Marguerite of Angoulême, Duchess of Alençon & Berry, Countess of Rodez, Armagnac, Perche, Fezensac, L'Isle-Jourdain, Porhoet, Pardiac, Viscountess of Lomagne, Fezenzaguet, Brulhois, Cressey, Auvillars, Baroness of Castelnau, Caussade, Montmiral, Lady of La Fleche and Bauge
- Marguerite of Anjou and Maine (1273--1299), Countess of Anjou and Maine, 1290--99
- Marguerite of Armagnac (d. 1504), Duchess of Nemours and Countess of Guise & Pardiac, 1503--04
- Marguerite of Bauge (d. c. 1252), Lady of Miribel
- Marguerite of Béarn (1245--1319), Viscountess of Béarn, 1290--1301
- Marguerite of Beaumont (d. 1307), Countess of Charmerlan
- Marguerite of Berrie, Lady of Berrie
- Marguerite of Bigorre, Countess of Bigorre, 1290--1301
- Marguerite of Blois (1170--1230), Lady of Romorantin & Millancay & Countess of Dunois & Blois, 1218--30
- Marguerite of Blois (d. 1419), Countess of Sancerre, Lady of Charenton
- Marguerite of Brittany (1392--1428), Lady of Guillac
- Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of Sicily (1250--1308), Countess of Tonnerre, 1262--1308
- Marguerite of Comminges (1363--1443), Countess of Comminges, 1375
- Marguerite of Dampierre (d. 1316), Lady of Dampierre and Saint-Dizier
- Marguerite of Enghien (1365--1397), Countess of Brienne, 1394--97
- Marguerite of Joigny, Countess of Joigny, Lady of Pouilly and Premartin
- Marguerite of Joinville (1354--1418), Lady of Joinville & Countess of Vaudemont, 1365--1415
- Marguerite of Lorraine (1463--1521), Lady of Mayenne, 1499--1509
- Marguerite of Macon (d. 1257/59), Lady of Salins, 1219--25
- Marguerite of Melun (d. 1448), Countess of Tancarville, 1415--48
- Marguerite of Nesle (1300--1350), Lady of Argies & Chimay & Countess of Soissons, 1306--50
- Marguerite of Orléans (1406--1466), Countess of Vertus
- Marguerite de Rohan (1616/17--1684), Duchess of Rohan and Frontenay, Princess of León and Soubise, Countess of Porhoet
- Marguerite of Soissons (d. 1350), Lady of Chimay and Countess of Soissons, 1307--15
- Marguerite Grenier, Lady of Caesarea, 1239--64
- Marguerite of Lusignan, Lady of Tyre, 1284--86
- Marguerite of Montmorency (1175--?), Lady of Verneuil, Poissy, Vernouillet and Meulan
- Marguerite of Nesle (1300--1350), Lady of Catheu, 1334--50
- Marguerite of Valois, Countess of Auvergne, 1608--10, Duchess of Étampes, 1582--98
- Marguerite Charlotte of Piney-Luxembourg, Countess of Ligny & Duchess of Piney-Luxemburg, 1616--80
- Maria de Urgell (d. 1196), Señora de Almenara
- Maria dalle Carceri (d. 1323), Heiress of 1/6 of Euboea as the daughter of Gaetano dalle Carceri; Marquise (1/2) of Bodonitsa, 1311--58, as the widow of Albert Pallavicini. She shared Bodonitsa with their daughter, Guglielma.
- Maria of Antioch-Armenia, Lady of Toron, 1229--66
- Maria of Cleves (1553--?), Duchess of Cleves
- Maria of Hornes (d. 1434), Countess of Hornes, Lady of Duffel and Waelheim
- Mary, Queen of Hungary (1371--1395), Queen of Croatia, 1382--95, Queen of Hungary, 1382--95
- Maria of Jever, Lady of Jever, 1511--75
- Maria of Molina, Lady of Molina, 1293?--1322?
- Maria of Montferrat, Queen of Jerusalem, 1205
- Maria I of Portugal (1734--1816), Queen of Portugal, 1777--1816
- Maria of Randerath (d. 1395), Lady of Randerath
- Maria of Vianden (c. 1337--1400), Countess of Vianden
- Maria Albina of Hauteville (d. after 1205), Countess of Lecce
- Maria Angelina Ducena Palaeologina, Ruler of Epirus, 1385--86
- Maria Beatrice Ricciarda (1750--1829), Sovereign Duchess of Massa, Sovereign Princess of Carrara, 1790--97, 1814--29, 7th Duchess of Ajello, Baroness of Paduli and Lady of Lago, Laghitello, Serra e Terrati, Princess of Modena and Reggio
- Maria del Pilar Garcia Sancho y Zabala, Duchess of Najera, 1864
- Maria Eleonora I Boncompagni (1686--1745), also known as Maria Eleoonora I Boncompagni-Ludovisi, Marchioness of Populonia, Countess of Conza, Princess of Piombino, 1707--45
- Maria Lopez of Haro, Lady of Vizcaya, 1311--25, 1326--33
- Maria Luisa de Aragon y Pernstein (d. 1663), 6th Duchess of Luna, 7th Duchess of Villahermosa.
- Maria Manuela of Portugal (1538--1587), Duchess of Viseu.
- Maria Pacheco (c. 1400--?), Lady of Belmonte
- Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa, Sovereign Duchess of Massa, Sovereign Princess of Carrara, 6th Duchess of Ajello, Baroness of Paduli, Sovereign Lady of Moneta and Avenza, Lady of Lago, Laghitello, Serra and Terrati
- Maria Theresa of Austria (1717--1780), Queen of Croatia, 1743--80, Queen of Hungary, 1740--80
- Maria da Varona, Princess of Euboea, 1317--37
- Maria dalle Carceri, Princess of Euboea, 1279--96
- Maria II Zaccaria, Princes of Achaea, 1402--04
- Maria II of Portugal (1819--1853), Queen of Portugal, 1826--28 and 1834--53
- Marie de Béarn (d. 1186), Heiress of Béarn, 1170
- Marie de Sully, Lady of Sully, Lady of Craon, Countess of Guînes, Sovereign Princess of Boisbelle
- Marie of Albret (1491--1549), Lady of Orval & Countess of Rethel, 1500--40
- Marie of Alençon (d. 1549), Countess of Alençon
- Marie Antoinette (1755--1793), Archduchess of Austria, Dauphine of France, 1770--74, Queen of France and Navarre, 1774--92
- Marie of Artois (d. 1365), Lady of Merode
- Marie of Aumale, Countess of Aumale, 1239--51
- Marie of Avesnes (d. 1280), Lady of Avesnes, Countess of Blois, 1241--80
- Marie of Baux (d. 1417), Princess of Orange, 1393--1417
- Marie of Belleme (1199--1250), Lady of Ponthieu
- Marie of Berry (1367--1434), Countess of Montpensier, 1416--34, Duchess of Auvergne, 1400--34
- Marie of Berry (d. 1425), Countess of Montpensier
- Marie of Bois-Belle, Princess of Bois Belle
- Marie of Boulogne, Countess of Mortain, 1167--73
- Marie of Bourbon, also known as Marie of Bourbon-Vendôme, (1539--1601), Countess of Gace, Hambye and Briquebec, Countess of Saint-Pol, 1546--1601, Duchess of Estouteville
- Marie of Bourbon (1315--1387), Princess of Achaea and Morea, 1364--70 (Abd)
- Marie de Bourbon-Conde (1606--1692), Countess of Soissons, 1612--92
- Marie de Bourbon-Montpensier (1605--1627), Countess of Mortain & Duchess of Châtellerault, Montpensier & Saint-Fergau, 1608--1627
- Marie of Brittany, Lady of La Guerche (1391--1446), Lady of La Guerche
- Marie of Châtillon (1343--1404), Lady of Guise and Mayenne, 1360--1404
- Marie of Châtillon, Vidamese of Laon
- Marie of Coucy (1366--1405) Countess of Soissons, 1398--1405
- Marie of Enghien (d. 1318), Lady of Zotteghem, Burgravine of Ghent
- Marie of Enghien, Lady of Argos and Nauplia, 1376--88
- Marie II of Enghien (1367--1446), also known as Mary of Enghien, Lady of Castro & Countess of Lecce & Brienne, 1384--1446
- Marie of Flanders (d. 1350), Viscountess of Chateaudun
- Marie of Ham, Lady of Ham
- Marie, Countess of Harcourt (1398--1476), Lady of Arschot, Brionne, Elbeuf, Forcalquier, L\'Islebonne, & La Saussaye & Countess of Aumale, Harcourt & Mortain, 1452--76
- Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1894--1924), was reigning Grand Duchess of Luxembourg from 1912 to 1919
- Marie of Limoges (1260--1291), Viscountess of Limoges, 1263--91
- Marie of Looz (d. 1408), Lady of Château-Thierry, 1372--1408
- Marie of Lorraine (1615--1688), 8th Duchess of Guise, Duchess of Joyeuse & Princess of Joinville, 1675--88
- Marie of Lusignan, Countess d\'Eu, Countess of Eu, 1250--60
- Marie of Luxemburg (1472--1547), also known as *Marie de Luxemburg*, Viscountess of Meaux & Countess of Ligny, Marle & Soissons, 1482--1547, 24th or 25th Countess of Saint-Pol, 1482--1547
- Marie of Luxemburg (1562--1623), Duchess of Étampes & Penthièvre, 1569--1623
- Marie of Montmirail (d. 1272), Heiress of Montmirail, Oisy, Crèvecœur, Conde-en-Brie, the Viscounty of Meaux & Chatelainie of Cambrai, Lady of Conde-Brie
- Marie of Montpellier (d. 1219), Lady of Montpellier, 1205--13
- Marie of Orléans-Longueville (1625--1707), also known as Marie de Longueville, Duchess of Estouteville, Sovereign Princess of Neuchâtel & Countess of Valangin, 1699--1707
- Marie of Ponthieu (1186--1251), Countess of Montreuil & Pontannhieu, 1221--51
- Marie of Rethel, Countess of Rethel, 1243--45
- Marie II Zaccharia, Princess of Achaea, 1402--04
- Marie of Vilademuls, Lady of Vilademuls
- Marie Anne de Bourbon, Duchess of Étampes, 1712--18
- Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy, Duchess of Aumale, 1659--86
- Marie Liesse of Luxemburg-Saint-Pol (1611--1660), Princess of Tingry
- Marie Sophie Colbert (d. 1747), Margravine of Seignelay & Countess of Tancarville
- Marquesa of Ampurias (1322--27), Countess of Ampurias
- Marquise of Cabrera, Viscountess of Cabrera
- Mary I of England, Queen of England, 1553--58
- Mary II of England, Queen of England, 1689--94
- Mary, Queen of Scots, 1542--67
- Mary, Countess of Blois (1200--1241), also known as Marie of Avesnes, Lady of Romorantin and Millancay & Countess of Dunois & Blois, 1230--41 and Lady of Chateaurenault and Countess of Chartres, 1236--41
- Mary of Béarn (1145--1186), Viscountess of Bruilhois & Béarn, 1170--73
- Mary of Burgundy, also known as Mary the Rich, (1457--1482), Countess of Charolais & Zeeland, Countess Palatine of Burgundy, Duchess of Burgundy & Limburg, 1477--82
- Maria of Sicily, Duchess of Athens, 1377--88, Queen of Sicily, 1377--88
- Mary Scott, 3rd Countess of Buccleuch, Countess of Buccleuch, 1651--61
- Mascarose I of Armagnac, Countess of Armagnac & Fezensac, 1245--49
- Mascarose II of Lomagne, Countess of Armagnac, 1249--56, Viscountess of Fezensac, 1249--56
- Mathe I of Albret (d. 1283), Lady of Albret & Viscountess of Maremne, 1281--83
- Mathe of Bigorre (1225--1270), Viscountess of Marsan, 1255--70
- Mathilde of Amboise (d. 1256), Lady of Amboise, 1218--56
- Mathilde of Artois (d. 1329), Countess of Artois, 1302--29
- Mathilde of Baden (d. 1259), Lady of Stuttgart
- Mathilde of Bethune (1220--1264), Lady of Bethune, Dendermonde/Termonde, Richebourg and Warneton
- Mathilde II of Boulogne (1202--1262), Countess of Boulogne, 1216--62, Countess of Mortain, 1233--35, Countess of Dammartin
- Mathilde of Burgundy (d. 1005), Countess of Nevers
- Mathilde of Burgundy, Countess of Grignon
- Mathilde of Chalon, Lady of Donzy
- Mathilde of Chateau-du-Loir (d. 1099), heiress of Chateau-du-Loir
- Mathilde of Châtillon, also known as Mahaut of Châtillon, Countess of Saint Pol, 1369--72
- Mathilde of Hainaut, Princess of Achaea, 1313--18
- Mathilde of Heinsberg (d. 1189), Heiress of County Palatine of Sommerschenburg
- Mathilde of Landsberg (d. 1255), Regent Margravine of Brandenburg, 1220--25 for her son John I of Brandenburg (1208--1266)
- Mathilde of Rethel, Countess of Rethel, 1124--51
- Mathilde of Saarbrücken, Countess of Saarbrücken, 1271--74
- Matilda of Canossa (1046--1115), Lady of Canossa, Duchess of Tuscany, Countess of Reggio Emilia, Duchess of Spoleto, Margravine of Camerino
- Matilda of Dammartin (1202--1258), Countess of Dammartin, Countess of Boulogne
- Matilda of Grignon (d. 1192), Lady of Grignon
- Matilda of Hainaut, Princess of Achaea, 1313--18
- Maud of Lancaster (1339--1362), Countess of Leicester
- Mavia (4th century), Arab warrior-queen
- Muniadona of Castile, Countess of Ribagorza
- Mechtild of Brunswick-Lunenburg (1230--1298), Regent Countess of Anhalt-Aschersleben, 1266--70, for her sons Otto I and Heinrich III of Anhalt-Aschersleben.
- Mechtild of Guelders, Duchess of Guelders, 1371--84
- Mechtild of Reifferscheid (d. 1437), Heiress of Lordship of Bedburg
- Melisende of Arsuf, Lady of Arsuf, ?--1236
- Melisende of Chateaudun, Viscountess of Chateaudun
- Melisende of Jerusalem, Queen of Jerusalem, 1131--53
- Melissende of Maine (d. 890), heiress of Mayenne
- Mencia de Mendoza y Enriquez de Cabrera (d. 1619), Duchess of Huescar
- Merneith (around 2950 BC) regent and possibly a ruler of Egypt on her own right
- Meullent I of Castile, Countess of Aumale, 1279--1324
- Miroslawa of Pomerelia (d. 1233), Regent Duchess of Pomerania-Wolgast, 1220--33, for her son Barnim I of Pomerania-Wolgast (1219--1264)
- Munia Mayor of Castile (Munia Elvira)) (990--1066), 5th Countess of Castile
## N
| 2,385 |
List of female hereditary monarchs
| 7 |
10,098,742 |
# List of female hereditary monarchs
## N
- Navarre of Soule, Viscountess of Soule
- Nawidemak (1st century BC or AD) Queen regnant of Kush
- Neferneferuaten (possibly identical with Nefertiti) Pharaoh of Egypt for a short time between 1336 and 1333 BC
- Neithhotep, queen and co-ruler of Egypt, possibly the first known female ruler
- Nicole of Châtillon (1424--1479), Countess of Penthièvre, 1454--79
- Nino, Regent Princess of Mingrelia, 1804--11
- Nuña Fernandez (Munia Domna), Lady of Amaya, Lady of Lara
- Nuña Núñez, Lady of Amaya
- Nyarroh (1880--1914), female chieftain in Barri region of Sierra Leone
| 101 |
List of female hereditary monarchs
| 8 |
10,098,742 |
# List of female hereditary monarchs
## O
- Oda of Altena, Regent Countess of Tecklenburg, 1202--06, for her son Otto (d. 1263)
- Oda of Hornes, Countess of Hornes
- Oda of Tecklenburg (d. 1244), also known as Gertrude of Tecklenburg, Heiress of Rheda
- Olimpia Ludovisi, Princess of Piombino, 1699--1700
- Olimpia Mancini (1639--1708), Countess of Soissons
- Olympias II of Epirus (3rd century BC), regent of Epirus
- Onna of Esens, Heiress of Esens, Wittmund and Stedesdorf
## P
- Paola Colonna, Lady of Piombino, 1441--45
- Paolina Belmonte: Princess (Reichsfürstin) Donna Francesca di Paola Pignatelli y Aymerich Squarciafico Pinelli Ravaschieri Fieschi (1824--1911), 10th Princess of Belmonte, 5th Princess of the Holy Roman Empire, 3rd Princess of Muro Leccese, Grandee of Spain 1st Class, 9th Duchess of Acerenza, 3rd Duchess of Corigliano d\'Otranto, 21st Countess of Copertino, 21st Marchioness of Galatone, 7th Marchioness of Argensola, 6th Marchioness of San Vicente, 11th Baroness of Badolato, Signora di Veglie, Leverano, San Cosimo &c.
- Paula of Maine, heiress of Maine
- Pauline of Anhalt-Bernburg, Regent Princess of Lippe, 1802--20, for Leopold II
- Peronelle of Chappes, Lady of Juilly and Lady of Chanloc
- Peronelle of Montfort, Lady of Rambouillet
- Petronila of Aragon, Queen of Aragon, 1137--64
- Petronille of Comminges (1185--1251), also known as Perenelle of Comminges, Viscountess of Marsan & Countess of Bigorre, 1225--51
- Petronille of Joigny (1230--82), Lady of Chateau-Renard, 1237--82
- Pheretima (d. 515 BC) regent of Cyrene
- Philiberte of Luxemburg-Saint-Pol (d. 1539), Countess of Charny
- Philiberte of Savoy, 1st Duchess of Nemours, 1498--1524
- Philippa of Clermont, Lady of Nesle
- Philippa of Harnes, Countess of Harnes, 1230--48
- Philippa Plantagenet, 5th Countess of Ulster, 13th Lady of Clare & 5th Countess of Ulster, 1363--1381/82
- Philippa of Lomagne (d. 1286/1294), Viscountess of Lomagne & Auvillar, 1276--1286/1294
- Philippa of Montspedon, Lady of Beaupreau
- Polie of Poitiers-Valentinois, Lady of Baux, 1348--?
- Prabhavatigupta, Queen of Vakataka Dynasty, known as the First female ruler of India
- Pulcheria, Empress of Rome, 450--453
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- Ragnhild Haraldsdottir, Heiress of Jarald Gulskeg, Jarl of Sogn who brought her father\'s territory to her husband Halfdan *the Black* Gudrodsson (808--848)
- Ranavalona I, Queen of Madagascar, 1828--61
- Ranavalona II, Queen of Madagascar, 1868--83
- Ranavalona III, Queen of Madagascar, 1883--97
- Rasoherina, Queen of Madagascar, 1863--68
- Regine of Goth, also known as *Reine of Got or Goth*, Heiress to Lomagne & Auvillars
- Renee of Anjou (d. 1597), Duchess of Saint-Fergau, 1568--?, Marquise of Mézières, 1568--?
- Renee of Orléans (1508--1515), Countess of Dunois, Tancarville & Montgomery, 1513--15
- Renee of Savoy (1535--1587), Countess of Tende
- Ricciarda Malaspina (1497--1553), Duchess of Carrara, Duchess of Massa
- Richardis of Dyck, Lady of Dyck
- Richardis of Tecklenburg, Heiress of Tecklenburg-Ibbenburen
- Richinza of Spitzenburg (d. 1092/1110), Heiress of Kirchen
- Roscie du Caylar (d. after 1192), Lady of Uzes
- Razia Sultana (1236--1240), Ruler of India
- Rusudan of Georgia, Queen Regnant, 1223--45.
- Rudrama Devi (Rani), (1259−1289), Ruler of Kakatiya dynasty in the Deccan Plateau, India
## S
- Salome Alexandra (141--67 BC) Queen of Judea
- Samsi (8th century BC) Arabian queen
- Sancha of Aybar (1017--70), Lady of Aybar
- Sancha of León (1037--1065), Queen of León
- Seondeok of Silla (632--647), Queen of Korea
- Shajar al-Durr (?--1257) Sultana of Egypt
- Shammuramat (811--808 BC) Regent of Assyria
- Shanakdakhete (reigned between 170--150 BC) Queen of Kush
- Sibilla of Cerdanya, Viscountess of Cerdanya, c. 1134--41
- Sibylla of Jerusalem, Queen of Jerusalem
- Sibylle of Baux (1255--1294), also known as Simone of Bauge, Sibylle of Bauge, Lady of Baux, Bresse & Miribel, 1268--93
- Sibylle of Baux, Lady of Baux, 1305--48
- Sibylle of Burgundy (1152--1201), Countess of Chalon
- Sibylle of Chateaurenault, Lady of Chateaurenault, 1140--?
- Sibylle of Palau, Viscountess of Bas
- Sobekneferu, Pharaoh of Egypt from 1806 to 1802 BC
- Soma (1st century) Queen of Funan, likely the first monarch of Cambodia
- Sophie of Arnsberg and Rietberg, Heiress of the Lordship of Rheda
- Sophie of Bar, Countess of Bar, 1033--92
- Stephanie of Ibelin, Lady of Nablus
- Stephanie of Milly (d. 1197), Lady of Oultrejourdain
- Suzanne of Bourbon (1491--1521), Countess of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, Forez, Gien, & La Marche, 1503--21, Duchess of Auvergne & Bourbon, 1503--21
## T
- Tabua (c. 675 BC) Arab queen
- Tamar of Georgia (1160--1213), Queen Regnant of Georgia from 1184 to 1213
- Te\'el-hunu (c. 690 BC) Arab queen
- Teodora Gallucio (1200--60), Countess of Teano
- Teresa of León, Sovereign Countess of Portugal
- Teresa Álvarez de Azagra, Lady of Albarracín, c. 1281--c. 1283
- Teresa Antonia Manrique de Lara y Mendoza, 7th Marquesa de Canete, c. 1590
- Teresa Martins de Menezes (1290?), 5th Lady of Alburquerque
- Teresa de Entenza (1300--1327), Countess of Urgel, 1309--27
- Teuta (231--228/227 BC) Illyrian queen
- Theodora (11th century), Byzantine Empress, 1042, 1055--56
- Theodora Komnena, Empress of Trebizond, 1284--85
- Tiburge I of Orange (d. 1150), also known as Tiburtia of Orange, Countess of Orange
- Tiburge II of Orange, Countess of ½ of Orange, 1173--82. Married Bertrand of Baux (d. 1181).
- Tiburge III of Orange (d. 1180), Countess of Orange
- Toda of Ribagorza (d. 1011), Countess of Ribagorza
- Toda Galindez of Aragon (890--?), Countess of Sobrarbe
- Tomyris (d. 530 BC) Queen of the Massagetae
- Twosret (d. 1189 BC) Pharaoh of Egypt
| 916 |
List of female hereditary monarchs
| 9 |
10,098,742 |
# List of female hereditary monarchs
## U
- Ungu, Raja of Patani, 1624--1635
- Urraca of Castile, Queen of Castile and León, 1109--26
- Urraca of Castile (d. 1039), Lady of Infantado de Covarrubias.
- Urraca of León, Lady of Zamora
- Urraca Paterna (d. 861), Countess of Castile
## V
- Valence of Pallars-Jussa, Countess of Pallars-Jussa
- Valentina Visconti (1366--1408), Countess of Asti, Countess of Vertus, 1373--1408
- Valpurge of Creyssel
- Verena of Freiburg (d. 1320), Heiress of Wartenberg and Mausach
- Victoire Armande Josephe of Rohan (1743--1807), Princess of Maubuisson
- Queen Victoria
- Violant of Hungary, Lady of Omelades, Lady of Montpellier
- Violant of Hungary, Viscountess of Millau
## W
- Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, Queen of the Netherlands, 1890--1948
- Wisutthithewi, Queen of Lanna, 1564--1578
## Y
- Yatie (c
| 138 |
List of female hereditary monarchs
| 10 |
10,098,754 |
# Second Sight (BBS software)
**Second Sight** was a commercial bulletin board system (BBS) program written by Scott Watson, who founded The FreeSoft Company of Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania for the Apple Macintosh. It was the second program from Watson, the first being the Red Ryder terminal emulator. When first released it was known as **Red Ryder Host**, later becoming **White Knight**, and finally Second Sight. Second Sight was a traditional text-based BBS system, unlike products like TeleFinder and FirstClass which supported a graphical interface.
Next, Watson came up with a program for anyone to create a BBS. It was called Red Ryder Host, but later renamed Second Sight. Scott introduced the new program in the same way as Red Ryder, by posting it on bulletin boards. By then, Watson operated his own bulletin board
| 134 |
Second Sight (BBS software)
| 0 |
10,098,778 |
# Ercole Sarti
**Ercole Sarti** (23 December 1593 -- ?) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active in Ferrara.
Also called *il muto da Ficarola* (the mute of Ficarolo), due to his defect (likely congenital deaf-mutism) and hometown of Ficarolo, near Rovigo. He initially trained as a pupil of Carlo Bononi. He also painted in Felonica(Quatrelle) and Salara. In Ficarolo\'s parish church of St. Valentine, he painted a *Crucifixion with donor and Saints Valentine and Carlo Borromeo*
| 79 |
Ercole Sarti
| 0 |
10,098,791 |
# Albert Atterberg
**Albert Mauritz Atterberg** (19 March 1846 -- 4 April 1916) was a Swedish chemist and agricultural scientist who created the Atterberg limits, which are commonly referred to by geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists today. In Sweden, he is equally known for creating the Atterberg grain size scale, which remains the one in use.
Atterberg received his Ph.D. in chemistry from Uppsala University in 1872 and then stayed there as a lecturer in analytical chemistry until 1877, during which time he traveled across Sweden and abroad to study the latest developments in organic chemistry. He then went on to become the principal of the Chemical Station and Seed Control Institute at Kalmar, publishing numerous papers on agricultural research dealing with the classification of varieties of oats and corn between 1891 and 1900.
It was towards the age of fifty-four that Atterberg, while continuing his work on chemistry, began to focus his efforts on the classification and plasticity of soils, for which he is most remembered. Atterberg was apparently the first to suggest the limit \<0.002 mm as a classification for clay particles. He found that plasticity to be a particular characteristic of clay and as a result of his investigations arrived at the consistency limits which bear his name today. He also conducted studies aiming to identify the specific minerals that give a clayey soil its plastic nature.
Atterberg\'s work on soil classification gained formal recognition from the International Society of Soil Science in a Berlin Conference in 1913. Two year later a U.S. Bureau of Standards report stated that Atterberg\'s method was \"as simple a one as could be devised, and\...it is well that we should become familiar with it.\" The U.S. Bureau of Chemistry and Soils adopted it in 1937.
The importance of Atterberg\'s work has never been fully realized in his own field of agricultural science, nor in other subjects concerned with clays, such as ceramics. Its introduction to the field of geotechnical engineering was due to Karl Terzaghi, who came to realise its importance at a relatively early stage of his research. Terzaghi\'s assistant, Arthur Casagrande, standardized the tests in his paper in 1932 and the procedures have been followed worldwide ever since.
He was the uncle of the composer Kurt Atterberg
| 378 |
Albert Atterberg
| 0 |
10,098,836 |
# Zero Chou
**Zero Chou** (`{{zh|t=周美玲|p=Zhōu Měilíng}}`{=mediawiki}; born 24 July 1969) is a Taiwanese director and screenwriter.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Chou was born in Keelung, Taiwan in 1969. She earned a B.A. in Philosophy from National Chengchi University in 1992. She worked as a journalist before becoming an indie film director.
She entered into film making because of her attraction to the combination of content and form. She has been heralded as the most talented documentary director in the recent years of Taiwan. She has also received various festival awards around the world for films.
Chou and Hoho Liu (`{{zh|links=no|t= 劉芸后}}`{=mediawiki}) are an openly lesbian couple. Chou \"is one of the few openly lesbian filmmakers in the world, and the only one in Taiwan,\" according to AfterEllen. She is currently filming a six-film series called the Six Asian Cities Rainbow Project (亞洲六城彩虹計劃). She is trying to finish as quickly as possible and worries she will go missing while filming, since many of the locations have rules against films presenting LGBT content
| 173 |
Zero Chou
| 0 |
10,098,847 |
# Biff (name)
**Biff** is a given name, a nickname or part of a stage name.
## People
### Nickname
- Biff Byford (born 1951), British lead singer of the heavy metal band Saxon
- Frank Dunlap (1924--1993), Canadian Football League player
- James T. Ellison (c. 1861--?), New York City gangster
- William Grimes (journalist) (born 1950), former magazine writer, culture reporter, theater columnist, restaurant critic, book reviewer and a current obituary writer for *The New York Times*
- Biff Henderson (born 1946), American stage manager and television personality on the *Late Show with David Letterman*
- Biff Jones (1895--1980), former college football head coach and member of the College Football Hall of Fame
- Biff Liff (1919--2015), born Samuel Liff, Tony Award-winning American Broadway manager and producer.
- Biff McGuire (1926--2021), American stage and film actor
- Biff Rose (1937--2023), American comedian and singer-songwriter
- Biff Schaller (1889--1939), Major League Baseball player
- Biff Schlitzer (1884--1948), Major League Baseball pitcher
- Biff Sheehan (1868--1923), Major League Baseball player
- Richard Stannard (songwriter), British songwriter
- Claude Taugher (1897--1963), National Football League player and decorated World War I US Marine Corps officer
- Biff Wysong (1905--1951), Major League Baseball pitcher
### Given name {#given_name}
- Biff Mitchell (born 1947), Canadian novelist, satirist and humorist
- Biff Pocoroba (1953--2020), American baseball player
- Biff Wiff (1956--2025), American actor
- Biff Yeager, American actor
### Stage name {#stage_name}
- Biff Debrie, stage name of Don Preston (born 1932), American jazz and rock and roll musician
- Biff Elliot (1923--2012), American actor
- Biff Wellington (1964--2007), Canadian wrestler
## Fictional characters {#fictional_characters}
- Biff Baker, Cold War spy in the American TV series *Biff Baker, U.S.A.*, played by Alan Hale, Jr.
- Biff Brannon, a character in Carson McCullers\'s novel *The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter*
- Biff Brewster, teenage hero of 13 adventure and mystery novels in the 1960s
- Biff Fowler, in the ITV soap *Emmerdale*
- Biff Grimes, in *The Strawberry Blonde*
- Biff Hooper, friend of the Hardy Boys in the novel series *The Hardy Boys*
- Biff Loman, son of Willy Loman in Arthur Miller\'s *Death of a Salesman*
- Biff McIntosh, love interest for Quinn Fabray in the TV series *Glee*
- Biff Robinson, a character in the book series *The Magic Key* by Roderick Hunt and Alex Brychta.
- Biff Tannen, in the *Back to the Future* film trilogy
- Biff Wilcox, in the S. E
| 411 |
Biff (name)
| 0 |
10,098,858 |
# Artesia (railways)
**TGV Artesia** was a service branding and joint venture between France and Italy from 1995 to 2011.
Trains were staffed by Trenitalia in Italy and SNCF in France. The bar/restaurant service was operated by Cremonini company. Between 2007 and 2011, routes include service between Paris Gare de Lyon and Paris-Bercy to Turin, Milan, Venice, Florence, Rome, and intermediate cities. Service to Milan operated via both Dijon (Vallorbe-Simplon line) and Lyon/Turin, while Venice, Florence, and Rome were only served through Dijon. Trains traveling through Dijon were night trains; those traveling through Lyon and Turin were day trains.
Artesia stopped operating on 14 November 2011 since SNCF took a 20% stake in Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori, which is Trenitalia\'s main competitor. Trenitalia then continues to operate night service with Transdev in a new joint venture called Thello ; and SNCF continues to operate day TGV between Paris, Turin and Milan.
Artesia\'s regular services included the historic daily Paris to Rome service, the *Palatino Express*. This train, whose history may be traced back to 1890, ceased one month after the closure of Artesia in December 2011
| 185 |
Artesia (railways)
| 0 |
10,098,873 |
# Barbara Aiello
**Rabbi Barbara Aiello** (born November 6, 1947) is the first female rabbi in Italy, as well as Italy\'s first non-Orthodox rabbi. She was born in Pittsburgh to a family of Italian Jewish origin and was ordained at the Rabbinical Seminary International in New York at the age of 51. She also, in 1977, created the \"Kids on the Block\" puppet troupe. In 2005 she conducted the first Passover seder in Sicily since 1492, when the Jews were expelled. She also founded the Italian Jewish Cultural Center of Calabria and Sinagoga Ner Tamid del Sud (which is the first active synagogue in 500 years in Calabria). She initially moved to Milan in 2004, then to Serrastretta in 2006. She credits her familial connections to the Serrastretta region as part of the reasoning for why she was drawn to the region. Aiello\'s father, Antonio Abramo Aiello, was born in Serrastretta and came to the United States of America in 1923, and she has visited the region several times throughout her life to visit relatives.
\"Kids on the Block\" was a pioneering effort in helping include children with disabilities into school and society and develop positive attitudes toward children with disabilities. A gifted puppeteer, Aiello created a troupe of children puppets with varying disabilities e.g. using a wheelchair, visually impaired etc. She performed wildly in elementary schools creating a positive experience for all
| 233 |
Barbara Aiello
| 0 |
10,098,878 |
# Judy Napangardi Watson
**Judy Napangardi Watson** (c. 1925--2016), also known as **Judy Watson Napangardi** and **Kumanjayi Napangardi Watson**, was an Aboriginal Australian and a senior female painter from the Yuendumu community in the Northern Territory, Australia.
## Life
Judy was born around 1925 at Yarungkanji on Mount Doreen Station. Her people, the Warlpiri, were living a traditional nomadic life at that time. They frequently made long journeys by foot to their ancestral country on the border of the Tanami and Gibson Deserts, and lived at Mina Mina and Yingipurlangu at different times.
She had ten children.
She died at Yuendumu on 17 May 2016.
## Work
Napangardi started painting in the 1980s in a \"dragged dotting\" style. Her combination of vivid colour, highly detailed works and high-level composition led to widespread appreciation in the art world. Her paintings often describe the Mina Mina country. She was a member of the Warlukurlangu Artists community of Yuendumu.
Well known for the distinctive style of painting that she developed alongside her sister Maggie Napangardi Watson, who taught her painting skills, she was a significant contributor to contemporary Indigenous Australian art.
## Galleries displaying her art {#galleries_displaying_her_art}
- Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney
- , Utrecht, Netherlands
- Gordon Darling Foundation, Canberra
- Flinders University Art Museum, Adelaide
- National Gallery of Australia, Canberra
- National Gallery of Victoria
- Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin
- South Australian Museum, Adelaide
- Kluge-Ruhe Aboriginal Art Collection, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Stamp Gallery of Art, College Park, Maryland, U.S
| 261 |
Judy Napangardi Watson
| 0 |
10,098,890 |
# Marcus Jones (athlete)
**Marcus Edward Jones** (born August 15, 1973) is an American former mixed martial artist fighter and former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons. He played college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels, earning consensus All-American honors in 1995. A first-round pick in the 1996 NFL draft, he played professional football for the NFL\'s Tampa Bay Buccaneers. After retiring from the NFL, he became a mixed martial arts fighter, and was a cast member of SpikeTV\'s *The Ultimate Fighter: Heavyweights*.
## Early life {#early_life}
Jones was born in Jacksonville, North Carolina. He attended Southwest Onslow High School in Jacksonville, and played high school football for the Southwest Stallions. Jones accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of North Carolina, where he played for the North Carolina Tar Heels football team from 1992 to 1995. He set the Tar Heels\' career sack record (subsequently broken by Greg Ellis), and was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American in 1995.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
The Tampa Bay Buccaneers selected in the first round (22nd overall) of the 1996 NFL draft. He played for the Buccaneers from `{{NFL Year|1996}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{NFL Year|2002}}`{=mediawiki}. Jones played his entire active professional career with the Buccaneers, playing in 85 games, starting 39 of them, and recording 24 sacks. He was released by the Buccaneers in October 2002. He was signed by the Buffalo Bills, but was placed on injured reserve and was waived after suffering a knee injury.
## Mixed martial arts career {#mixed_martial_arts_career}
Jones trained under Rob Kahn in Gracie Tampa in Tampa, Florida. He made his professional MMA debut on October 26, 2007, in World Fighting Championships 5 with a victory over Will Mora. In his next fight, Jones took on Eduardo Boza, and defeated him via technical knockout midway through round one.
Jones took his first loss to Daniel Perez. Jones won two fights in a row after the loss before being selected to appear on the tenth season of *The Ultimate Fighter*.
### *The Ultimate Fighter* {#the_ultimate_fighter}
Jones was a competitor on *The Ultimate Fighter* which began filming on June 1, 2009 and started airing on September 16, 2009. During pre-selection training, Jones was shown to struggle with a lack of stamina which potentially led to him being one of the final picks for Team Rampage.
During the competition, Jones suffered through problems in the house, such as a slight knee injury as well as a severe case of sweating, prompting concerns about his availability for the competition. Upon recovery, Jones had his first fight against Team Rashad\'s Mike Wessel, winning via armbar submission in the first round, making him the only member of Team Rampage to make it past the preliminary rounds. In the quarterfinals, Jones gave Darrill Schoonover his first mixed martial arts defeat by knocking Schoonover out. Jones was defeated in a semifinal bout against Brendan Schaub by KO in the first round.
### Ultimate Fighting Championships {#ultimate_fighting_championships}
For his official UFC debut, Jones returned for the finale to square off against Matt Mitrione, where Jones suffered another knockout in the second round. After this fight, he decided to retire from MMA so he could spend more time with his family.
## Mixed martial arts record {#mixed_martial_arts_record}
\|- \|`{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\|4--2 \|Matt Mitrione \|KO (punch) \|The Ultimate Fighter: Heavyweights Finale \|`{{dts|2009|December|5}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|2 \|align=center\|0:10 \|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|4--1 \|John Juarez \|TKO (punches) \|XCF 1: Rumble in Racetown \|`{{dts|2009|February|14}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|1:39 \|Daytona Beach, Florida, United States \| \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|3--1 \|Mike Ottman \|TKO (punches) \|Revolution Fight Club 2 \|`{{dts|2008|December|19}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|1:24 \|Miami, Florida, United States \| \|- \|`{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\|2--1 \|Daniel Perez \|KO (punches) \|WFC 6: Battle in the Bay \|`{{dts|2008|March|22}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|1:26 \|Tampa, Florida, United States \| \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|2--0 \|Eduardo Boza \|TKO (punches) \|Revolution Fight Club 10: Bad Blood \|`{{dts|2007|November|10}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|2:32 \|Tampa, Florida, United States \| \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|1--0 \|Will Mora \|Submission (kimura) \|World Fighting Championships 5 \|`{{dts|2007|October|26}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|1:02 \|Tampa, Florida, United States \| `{{end}}`{=mediawiki}
### Mixed martial arts exhibition record {#mixed_martial_arts_exhibition_record}
\|- \|`{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\|2--1 \|Brendan Schaub \|KO (punches) \|rowspan=3\|The Ultimate Fighter: Heavyweights \| \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|2:11 \|rowspan=3\|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \|`{{small|Semi-finals.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|2--0 \|Darrill Schoonover \|KO (punches) \| \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|N/A \|`{{small|Quarter-finals.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|1--0 \|Mike Wessel \|Submission (armbar) \| \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|N/A \|`{{small|Preliminary bout
| 725 |
Marcus Jones (athlete)
| 0 |
10,098,892 |
# Alberto Randegger
**Alberto Randegger** (13 April 1832 -- 18 December 1911) was an Italian-born composer, conductor and singing teacher, best known for promoting opera and new works of British music in England during the Victorian era and for his widely used textbook on singing technique. His compositions included ballets, masses and other church music, operas and numerous other vocal pieces. He also edited several collections of vocal music.
He began his composing and conducting career in Italy, where he knew Giuseppe Verdi, but in 1854 he moved to London, which became his base for the rest of his life. From 1857 he conducted Italian opera at the St. James\'s Theatre and was professor of singing at the Royal College of Music and the Royal Academy of Music, retaining both posts for the rest of his life. From 1859 to 1870 he was organist at St Paul\'s Church, Regent\'s Park.
Randegger served as musical director of the Carl Rosa Opera Company from 1879 to 1885, gaining a reputation for high quality productions, and helping to revive interest in opera in England. He also became conductor of the Norwich Musical Festival, which he directed until 1905. From 1885 to 1887, he conducted Henry Leslie\'s Choir. In the 1890s, he conducted at Queen\'s Hall, the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane and the Royal Opera House, where he became known for his performances of Wagner, Verdi and Mozart operas. His most enduring legacy was a textbook titled *Singing*, published in 1879.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
### Early years {#early_years}
Randegger was born in Trieste, Italy, the son of a musician mother and schoolteacher father. He studied the piano with Jean Lafont and composition with Luigi Ricci.
Randegger\'s earliest compositions were masses and other pieces of church music and, with two other young pupils of Ricci, he produced two ballets and an opera, *Il Lazzarone,* in 1852. In 1854 he composed another opera, *Bianca Capello*, at Brescia. During this period, he also served as music director of theatres in Fiume, Senigallia, Brescia and Venice.
In 1854 Randegger was engaged to conduct a season of Italian opera in New York and was on his way there when news arrived of a cholera outbreak in the city. Instead, he spent a month in Paris, and on the recommendation of his elder brother he moved on to London, which became his base for the rest of his life. He built up a reputation as a singing teacher, conductor and composer, and from 1857 he conducted Italian opera at the St. James\'s Theatre. He was simultaneously professor of singing at the Royal College of Music and the Royal Academy of Music, retaining both posts for the rest of his life. From 1859 to 1870 he was organist at St Paul\'s Church, Regent\'s Park. His singing pupils included sopranos Evangeline Florence, Alice Barth, Liza Lehmann, Greta Williams and Ellen Beach Yaw; mezzo-soprano Mary Davies; tenors Arthur Byron, William Hayman Cummings, and Ben Davies; baritones David Bispham, Andrew Black, Charles W. Clark, David Ffrangcon-Davies and Frederick Ranalow; and basses Darrell Fancourt, Putnam Griswold and Robert Radford.
As a composer, in addition to his early works, Randegger wrote a comic opera, *The Rival Beauties* (1864); a musical play with the dramatist W. S. Gilbert, *Creatures of Impulse* (1871); a dramatic cantata, the *150th Psalm*, for soprano solo, choir, orchestra and organ (1872); *Fridolin* (1873), with a libretto by Hermine Küchenmeister-Rudersdorf; two scenas for soprano and orchestra, *Medea* (1869) and *Sappho* (1875); a funeral anthem, *An Angel Came Out of the Temple*, in memory of the Prince Consort; *The Prayer of Nature* (1887); and numerous other vocal pieces. *The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* observes that Randegger\'s compositions were distinguished by practical qualities, were always tasteful and externally effective, but had no deep originality, and soon fell into disuse. He edited several collections of vocal music and collaborated with T. J. H. Marzials on the libretto for Arthur Thomas\'s opera *Esmeralda* (1883).
### Carl Rosa and later years {#carl_rosa_and_later_years}
Randegger served as musical director of the Carl Rosa Opera Company from 1879 to 1885, helping to revive interest in opera in England. In 1880, George Grove wrote, \"The careful way in which the pieces are put on the stage, the number of rehearsals, the eminence of the performers and the excellence of the performers have begun to bear their legitimate fruit, and the Carl Rosa Opera Company bids fair to become a permanent English institution.\" On the resignation of Julius Benedict in 1881, Randegger became conductor of the Norwich Musical Festival, which he directed until 1905. There he conducted new works by John Barnett, Frederic Cowen, Edward German, Alexander Mackenzie, Hubert Parry, Ebenezer Prout, Charles Villiers Stanford and others. At the 1905 Festival he invited 14 British composers to conduct performances of their own works. From 1885 to 1887, he also conducted Henry Leslie\'s Choir. He conducted the Queen\'s Hall Choral Society and the first two seasons of symphony concerts at Queen\'s Hall from 1895 to 1897. Finally, from 1887 to 1898, he conducted at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane and the Royal Opera House, where he became known for his performances of Wagner, Verdi and Mozart operas. He had known Verdi since 1850, and learned much about his music at first hand. In his Mozart performances he removed the spurious orchestral parts added by his Covent Garden predecessors; a small collection of the composer\'s manuscripts was among his most treasured possessions.
Randegger\'s most lasting legacy was a textbook titled *Singing*, published in 1879 by Novello & Co, which was still in use in the 21st century. In 1882, Randegger was elected an honorary member of the Royal Philharmonic Society.
Randegger was married first to the actress Adeline de Leuw; they divorced in 1892, and on 11 March 1897 he married the American singer Louise Baldwin (her second marriage).
Randegger died at his home in Marylebone, London, at the age of 79, after a short illness. He was cremated at Golders Green crematorium
| 1,001 |
Alberto Randegger
| 0 |
10,098,915 |
# Giuseppe Caletti
**Giuseppe Caletti** or **Calletti** (c. 1600 - c. 1660) was an Italian painter and engraver of the Baroque period, active in Ferrara and Cremona. He often painted religious themes in a genre like dress and surroundings, including the theme of Bacchanalia like Titian.
## Biography
Born in Cremona, also called *il Cremonese*. He is described by Laderchi as masterless, and of *irregular life, always in trouble\... disquieted, and untameable.* Like Dossi, the figures are generally smaller than life, and often placed in fantastic locales such as ''wild boars in the sea, and dolphins in the forests\". He painted the *Four Doctors of the Church*, and the *Miracle of St. Mark*, both for the church of San Benedetto at Ferrara. He engraved twenty-four plates characterized by a peculiar manner of treatment, consisting of the employment of bold parallel strokes without any cross-hatching. Among the more important of them are: *David*, whole-length, with the head of Goliath; *David* half-length, with the same.; *Samson and Delilah*; *The Beheading of St John*; *St Roch kneeling*; and *Portraits of the Dukes of Ferrara*.
His models have been variously listed as Guercino, Titian, and Dosso Dossi. He apparently befriended Antonio Randa, a Bolognese painter, but became involved in brawls and had to flee Bologna. Some of his works are found in churches of Ferrara, including the church of St. John the Baptist, where he collaborated with Francesco Naselli. Caletti died in Ferrara.
## Gallery
Caterina Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus, Receiving a Letter from the Council (Giuseppe Caletti) - Nationalmuseum - 17330.tif\|Caterina Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus, Receiving a Letter from the Venetian Council Giuseppe Caletti - Man contemplating a vase from which appears a snake.JPG\|Man contemplating a vase from which appears a snake Giuseppe Caletti - Salome receiving the head of St. John the Baptist
| 301 |
Giuseppe Caletti
| 0 |
10,098,919 |
# Camden Military Academy
**Camden Military Academy** (**CMA**) is a private, all-male, military boarding school located in Camden, South Carolina, United States. The State of South Carolina has recognized the institution as the official state military academy of South Carolina. Camden Military Academy accepts male students in grades 7 through 12, also offering a post-graduate year.
## Academy overview {#academy_overview}
As of the 2022--2023 school year, Camden Military Academy has an enrollment of approximately 270 students. All students are part of the Corps of Cadets, participate in JROTC, and live on campus. 34% of cadets are students of color and 7% are also international students. The teacher-student ratio is 1:12. Classes taught at Camden are accredited by Cognia (formerly SACS). Dual-credit college courses accredited to University of South Carolina Lancaster are also offered to juniors and seniors.
Many varsity athletics are offered to cadets, such as football, cross country, basketball, baseball, tennis, golf, wrestling, and track. The academy\'s mascot is the Camden Spartan. Other extracurricular activities that are popular are Boy Scouts of America, Civil Air Patrol, and the Blackjacks drill team. Certain cadets are also selected to take part in Junior Leadership, a group of student leaders selected by teachers in each Kershaw County high school.
## History
Camden Military Academy traces back its tradition from three institutions: Carlisle Military School (1892--1977), Camden Academy (1950--1957), and the present-day Camden Military Academy. The current campus was also formerly occupied by the Southern Aviation School (1940--1944).
Carlisle Military School was founded in 1892 in the city of Bamberg, South Carolina as the Carlisle Fitting School of Wofford College. In 1932, Colonel James F. Risher took over the school and continued to run it as an all-male military boarding school. In 1958, his son Colonel William Risher became Headmaster at Carlisle. The school operated until 1977, closing not too long after James F. Risher\'s death in 1973.
The Southern Aviation School was founded in 1940 by Woodward Field (Camden airport) to train pilots during World War II. The academy built many classrooms and barracks to house American and British pilots. Over 6,000 pilots graduated from the academy. After the academy closed in 1944, German prisoners of war were briefly kept in the barracks. The campus and airfield were then left nearly abandoned with many warplanes left behind until 1950. Some buildings built for the Southern Aviation School have been refurbished and are still in use today.
Camden Academy was founded in 1950 by the citizens of Camden as an all-male military boarding school built on the former campus of the Southern Aviation School. The school lasted until 1957. In 1958, Colonel James F. Risher, the president of Carlisle Military School, purchased Camden Academy in 1958, and the name was changed to Camden Military Academy. His son Lanning P. Risher was the school\'s first headmaster and served in the position for 36 years, while his other son William Risher was put in charge of Carlisle. In 1974, Lanning Risher led Camden Military Academy through a reorganization as a non-profit, tax-exempt institution
| 508 |
Camden Military Academy
| 0 |
10,099,029 |
# Flip TFO
**Flip TFO** is the children-oriented programming block of the Canadian French language educational television channel TFO, which serves the province of Ontario, Canada.
Its shows air weekday evenings and on afternoons and evenings during weekends.
## History
TFO launched its children-oriented block in 1996, labeling it **Méga TFO**. The block aired a live call-in show to serve as its anchor program also titled *Méga TFO*, hosted by Stephanie Broschart and Alain Boisvert. In 2001, the show was replaced by *Mégallô*, which had a similar format. In September 2009, the block amended its name to mirror the anchor program\'s title. In September 2013, the block was rebranded as **Flip TFO** along with the new main program, replacing *Mégallô*. In September 2017, the program was renamed *Flip l\'algorithme* and much like its predecessors, attempts to present content in a humorous way
| 142 |
Flip TFO
| 0 |
10,099,070 |
# Central Land Division
**Central Land Division** was a land division of Western Australia defined under section 26 of the Land Act Amendment Act 1906, and existed from 1 February 1907 until 28 March 1917, when it became part of the Eastern Land Division under section 4 of the Land Act Amendment Act 1917. It was bounded by the Rabbit-proof fence in the west, and included Kalgoorlie. It comprised parts of the eastern Wheatbelt and the Goldfields-Esperance region
| 78 |
Central Land Division
| 0 |
10,099,074 |
# Bob Michel Bridge
The **Bob Michel Bridge** (formerly called **Franklin Street Bridge**) carries Illinois Route 40 over the Illinois River 0.75 miles (1.21 km) up-river from the Cedar Street Bridge. Illinois 40 terminates at an interchange with Interstate 74 just east of the bridge. The bridge serves as a direct surface route from a major commercial center in East Peoria to the Civic Center in downtown Peoria. When completed in 1993, the Bob Michel Bridge replaced the antiquated Franklin Street Bridge, a bascule and truss bridge, which had been located on an adjacent site since 1913. The Bob Michel Bridge is the only river crossing in the Peoria area to accommodate pedestrians and cyclists.
Prior to the development of the area as a commercial center, the Michel Bridge served a largely industrial area in East Peoria, including many buildings owned by nearby Caterpillar, Inc. The bridge was located at the end of an exit named \"Industrial Spur\". It has since been renamed to \"Riverfront Drive\" to account for the new commercial complex.
The Bob Michel Bridge is named after former Congressman Robert H. Michel, a Peoria-area Republican who served as a Congressman from 1957 to 1995 and as House Minority Leader from 1981 until his retirement.
The bridge is located at mile 162.3 of the Illinois River
| 218 |
Bob Michel Bridge
| 0 |
10,099,079 |
# Eastern Land Division
The **Eastern Land Division** is one of five cadastral divisions of Western Australia, within the eastern parts of the Goldfields-Esperance region and the Pilbara region. Most of its territory is covered by deserts, including the part of the Great Sandy Desert, Gibson Desert and Great Victoria Desert.
## History
The Eastern Land Division was created on 2 March 1887, in a reform to the land divisions. On 28 March 1917, the Central Land Division had been incorporated into the Eastern Land Division. The current boundaries of the land enacted on 30 March 1998.
Prior to the construction of the Trans-Australian Railway in 1917, the Eastern Land Division, which consists almost entirely of the Great Victoria and Great Sandy Deserts, did not contain any districts.
## Subdivisions
The Eastern Land Division is subdivided into 40 land districts
| 140 |
Eastern Land Division
| 0 |
10,099,086 |
# Eucla Land Division
**Eucla Division** is one of five Land Divisions of Western Australia, part of the Cadastral divisions of Western Australia. It includes Eucla and Esperance and part of the Nullarbor Plain. It is located in the southern parts of the Goldfields-Esperance region
| 45 |
Eucla Land Division
| 0 |
10,099,088 |
# Kimberley Land Division
**Kimberley Land Division** is one of five land divisions of Western Australia recognised in the *Land Administration Act 1997*. It occupies roughly the same area as the Kimberley region of the state.
## Location
Schedule 1 of the Act, as with all other preceding Acts which defined the Kimberley Land Division, defines the Division as \"all that portion of the State lying to the North of the parallel of 19° 30\' South latitude.\" This represents all of the Kimberley region other than the southern part of Eighty Mile Beach and about half of Shire of Halls Creek.
## History
The division was defined in the Land Regulations on 2 March 1887, and first appeared in legislation in section 38 of the Land Act 1898. On 12 December 1905, the Surveyor General wrote, \"It will be an advantage to have the State divided into as many districts as possible to show to people. I would suggest the division of Kimberley.\" On 13 June 1906, 12 new land districts were gazetted covering the entire Kimberley division.
Section 28 of the Land Act 1933 preserved the wording of the 1898 Act, as did the 1997 act
| 197 |
Kimberley Land Division
| 0 |
10,099,105 |
# Framing Armageddon: Something Wicked Part 1
***Framing Armageddon: Something Wicked Part 1*** is the eighth studio album from Iced Earth, released on September 11, 2007. It is part one of two concept albums based on a trilogy of songs from Iced Earth\'s fifth studio album, *Something Wicked This Way Comes*. The saga, aptly titled the Something Wicked Saga, tells the fictional history of mankind, from its creation to its destruction. It is the second and final album with vocalist Tim \"Ripper\" Owens. This is also the first album where Schaffer became more involved in playing the lead guitar parts.
## Production
*Framing Armageddon* is the band\'s first studio album featuring lead guitarist Troy Seele, and drummer Brent Smedley, who never played on an Iced Earth studio album during his previous stints with the group. Tim \"Ripper\" Owens makes his final appearance as lead singer on this record, as well. Also, this was bassist Dennis Hayes\' first appearance on an Iced Earth album, though he only appears on two songs. Former Iced Earth lead guitarist Tim Mills is featured on \"Reflections\", and co-wrote both that song and \"Infiltrate and Assimilate\".
## Composition
Tim \"Ripper\" Owens talked about the story in an interview with Thrash Pit:
A few years later, Jon Schaffer further detailed the story in an interview:
## Release
In December 2006, Jon Schaffer posted a journal announcing that Iced Earth\'s new album, then titled *Something Wicked -- Part 1*, would be released in September/October 2007. The follow-up album, then titled *Something Wicked -- Part 2*, would be released in January/February 2008. On March 17, Schaffer announced the final track list, and that the album would be renamed to *Framing Armageddon (Something Wicked Part 1)*, with a new target release of August or September.
A music video for \"Ten Thousand Strong\" was released, though lead guitarist Troy Seele was not yet with the band when it was filmed. The video features rotoscoping.
The Korean release of *Framing Armageddon* features the album\'s single, \"Overture of the Wicked,\" as a bonus disc.
Jon Schaffer had intended to release both of the Something Wicked albums in one boxed set, with Matt Barlow contributing the vocals on both albums for the sake of continuity, plus adding at least four songs to *The Crucible of Man* and remixing *Framing Armageddon*. However Matt Barlow once again left the band before these plans came to fruition.
In 2008, a re-sung version of \"Setian Massacre\" was included on the single \"I Walk Among You\". Tim \"Ripper\" Owens\' vocals had been re-recorded by the singer Matt Barlow, whom Owens had originally replaced in 2003
| 436 |
Framing Armageddon: Something Wicked Part 1
| 0 |
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