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# Salmson air-cooled aero-engines
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unexpected '{'
{{Infobox Aircraft Engine
^
``
| 20 |
Salmson air-cooled aero-engines
| 0 |
10,103,237 |
# M. S. Buksh
**Mirza Salim Buksh** (died 27 July 1967) was an Indo-Fijian community leader. One of the first Indo-Fijians to gain a formal education, he was chosen as one of the representatives of the Indian community on a number of occasions. He helped form and supported a number of social and religious organisations. He also served one term as a nominated member in the Legislative Council.
## Early life {#early_life}
Born in Madras, Buksh emigrated to Fiji in 1910, where he worked as an interpreter and clerk.
He was one of the early group of Indi-Fijians to acquire sufficient formal education to be employed in government service. In 1922, Buksh, together with Odin Ramrakha and Vishnu Deo, helped the Raju Commission that made inquiries into the conditions of the Indian community in Fiji. In 1924, he was one of the founding members of the Indian Reform League, the first social and sporting organisation formed for Fiji Indians. He was also a founding member of the Fiji Muslim League in 1926. He worked for the Supreme Court of Fiji and as a repatriation officer. Although he retired in 1939, he returned to work for the civil service during World War II.
## Involvement in politics {#involvement_in_politics}
Buksh was a nominated member of the Legislative Council of Fiji in 1947, as an Indian nominated member by the Governor. He is remembered for an incident which caused a rift between A. D. Patel and Vishnu Deo. In 1948, when the Governor asked the five Indian members of the Legislative Council to elect one from amongst themselves to be a member of the Executive Council, A.D. Patel and Vishnu Deo both put forward their names. (The member elected into the Executive Council would have been recognised as the leader of the Indian community.) Ami Chandra supported Vishnu Deo, whereas James Madhavan, supported A.D. Patel. Buksh regarded both Patel and Deo as capable and could not make up his mind as to whom to support. Fully aware that Buksh did not regard himself as worthy of the position, A.D. Patel nominated him. Flattered with this support, Buksh returned the favour and threw his support behind Patel. Buksh said afterwards, \"I garlanded him with the garland he offered me.\"
## Family life {#family_life}
He married Sarah Florence Whippy and had seven children, including Mirza Namrud Buksh
| 392 |
M. S. Buksh
| 0 |
10,103,240 |
# Monia Kari
**Monia Kari** (born 14 April 1971 in Basel, Basel-Stadt) is a Tunisian discus thrower.
Her personal best throw is 61.74 metres, achieved in May 1996 in Tunis. This is the current African record
| 36 |
Monia Kari
| 0 |
10,103,244 |
# IV postcode area
The **IV postcode area**, also known as the **Inverness postcode area**, is a group of 52 postcode districts for post towns: Achnasheen, Alness, Avoch, Beauly, Bonar Bridge, Cromarty, Dingwall, Dornoch, Elgin, Fochabers, Forres, Fortrose, Gairloch, Garve, Invergordon, Inverness, Isle of Skye, Kyle, Lairg, Lossiemouth, Muir of Ord, Munlochy, Nairn, Plockton, Portree, Rogart, Strathcarron, Strathpeffer, Strome Ferry, Tain and Ullapool in north Scotland.
Mail for the IV postcode area is processed at Inverness Mail Centre, along with mail for the KW and HS postcode areas.
\_\_TOC\_\_
## Coverage
Approximate coverage of the postcode districts:
\|- ! IV1 \| INVERNESS \| Inverness centre and north, including the Longman, plus North Kessock and Kilmuir \| Highland \|- ! IV2 \| INVERNESS \| Inverness east, plus Culloden, Balloch and Ardersier \| Highland \|- ! IV3 \| INVERNESS \| Inverness west, plus Dochgarroch, Abriachan and Bunchrew \| Highland \|- ! IV4 \| BEAULY \| Beauly, Kiltarlity, Struy, Cannich, Tomich \| Highland \|- ! IV5 \| INVERNESS \| Kirkhill, Inchmore, Moniack and Cabrich \| Highland \|- ! IV6 \| MUIR OF ORD \| Muir of Ord, Marybank, Strathconon \| Highland \|- ! IV7 \| DINGWALL \| Conon Bridge, Culbokie, Maryburgh \| Highland \|- ! IV8 \| MUNLOCHY \| Munlochy \| Highland \|- ! IV9 \| AVOCH \| Avoch \| Highland \|- ! IV10 \| FORTROSE \| Fortrose \| Highland \|- ! IV11 \| CROMARTY \| Cromarty \| Highland \|- ! IV12 \| NAIRN \| Auldearn \| Highland \|- ! IV13 \| INVERNESS \| Tomatin \| Highland \|- ! IV14 \| STRATHPEFFER \| Strathpeffer \| Highland \|- ! IV15 \| DINGWALL \| Dingwall \| Highland \|- ! IV16 \| DINGWALL \| Evanton \| Highland \|- ! IV17 \| ALNESS \| Alness \| Highland \|- ! IV18 \| INVERGORDON \| Invergordon \| Highland \|- ! IV19 \| TAIN \| Tain, Nigg, Edderton \| Highland \|- ! IV20 \| TAIN \| Hill of Fearn, Portmahomack, Balintore \| Highland \|- ! IV21 \| GAIRLOCH \| Gairloch \| Highland \|- ! IV22 \| ACHNASHEEN \| Achnasheen \| Highland \|- ! IV23 \| GARVE \| Garve \| Highland \|- ! IV24 \| ARDGAY \| Bonar Bridge, Ardgay, Spinningdale, Culrain \| Highland \|- ! IV25 \| DORNOCH \| Dornoch \| Highland \|- ! IV26 \| ULLAPOOL \| Ullapool \| Highland \|- ! IV27 \| LAIRG \| Lairg, Durness, Tongue, Scourie \| Highland \|- ! IV28 \| ROGART \| Rogart \| Highland \|- ! IV30 \| ELGIN \| Elgin \| Moray \|- ! IV31 \| LOSSIEMOUTH \| Lossiemouth \| Moray \|- ! IV32 \| FOCHABERS \| Fochabers \| Moray \|- ! IV36 \| FORRES \| Forres \| Moray \|- ! IV40 \| KYLE \| Kyle of Lochalsh, Raasay \| Highland \|- ! IV41 \| ISLE OF SKYE \| Kyleakin \| Highland \|- ! IV42 \| ISLE OF SKYE \| Breakish \| Highland \|- ! IV43 \| ISLE OF SKYE \| Isleornsay \| Highland \|- ! IV44 \| ISLE OF SKYE \| Teangue \| Highland \|- ! IV45 \| ISLE OF SKYE \| Armadale, Upper Breakish \| Highland \|- ! IV46 \| ISLE OF SKYE \| Tarskavaig \| Highland \|- ! IV47 \| ISLE OF SKYE \| Carbost \| Highland \|- ! IV48 \| ISLE OF SKYE \| Sconser \| Highland \|- ! IV49 \| ISLE OF SKYE \| Broadford \| Highland \|- ! IV51 \| PORTREE \| Portree, Uig \| Highland \|- ! IV52 \| PLOCKTON \| Plockton \| Highland \|- ! IV53 \| STROME FERRY \| Strome Ferry \| Highland \|- ! IV54 \| STRATHCARRON \| Applecross, Lochcarron, and Shieldaig \| Highland \|- ! IV55 \| ISLE OF SKYE \| Dunvegan \| Highland \|- ! IV56 \| ISLE OF SKYE \| Struan \| Highland \|- ! IV63 \| INVERNESS \| Drumnadrochit, Glenurquhart and Invermoriston \| Highland \|- ! style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\"\|IV99 \| style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\"\|INVERNESS \| style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\"\|*Jobcentre Plus* \| style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\"\|*non-geographic* \|}
The postcode area had IV33, IV34 and IV35 covering in small easterly areas the post towns of Carron, Knockando and Rothes. These were transferred to the post town of Aberlour, and in August 1994 recoded into AB38.
IV27 (Lairg) is the largest postcode district in the United Kingdom by area, at 1,393 square miles
| 692 |
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| 0 |
10,103,251 |
# 2007 Chinese Professional Baseball League season
The **2007 Chinese Professional Baseball League** (CPBL) **season** began on March 17 in Kaohsiung County when the defending champion La New Bears played host to the Uni-President Lions. The season concluded in late October with the Uni-President Lions defeating the La New Bears in Game 7 of the Taiwan Series.
## Competition
Six teams, the La New Bears, Uni-President Lions, Sinon Bulls, Chinatrust Whales, Brother Elephants and Macoto Cobras will contest the CPBL, the highest level of professional baseball played in Taiwan. The season is divided into two halves, with each team playing fifty games in each half. The winners for each half-season plus the non-winner with the best overall record will qualify for the playoffs. In the event that the same team wins both halves, the next two teams with the best overall records will advance.
## Game results {#game_results}
## Standings
### First half standings {#first_half_standings}
Team G W T L Pct. GB
--------------------- ---- ---- --- ---- ------ -----
Macoto Cobras 50 28 1 21 .571 \--
Uni-President Lions 50 27 0 23 .540 1.5
La New Bears 50 26 0 24 .520 2.5
Sinon Bulls 50 24 1 25 .490 4.0
Brother Elephants 50 24 1 25 .490 4.0
Chinatrust Whales 50 19 1 30 .388 9.0
- Macoto Cobras win the first half and advance to the 2007 Chinese Professional Baseball League playoffs.
### Second half standings {#second_half_standings}
Team G W T L Pct. GB
--------------------- ---- ---- --- ---- ------ ------
La New Bears 50 32 0 18 .640 \--
Uni-President Lions 50 31 1 18 .633 0.5
Chinatrust Whales 50 27 1 19 .551 4.5
Brother Elephants 50 25 0 25 .500 7.0
Sinon Bulls 50 18 0 32 .360 14.0
Macoto Cobras 50 16 0 34 .320 16.0
- La New Bears win the second half and advance to the 2007 Chinese Professional Baseball League playoffs.
### Overall standings {#overall_standings}
The team among the non-half-season-winners with the best overall record will gain the wild card spot and the third seed in the playoffs.
Team G W T L Pct. GB RS RA
--------------------- ----- ---- --- ---- ------ ------ ----- -----
Uni-President Lions 100 58 1 41 .586 \-- 614 442
La New Bears 100 58 0 42 .580 0.5 474 443
Brother Elephants 100 49 1 50 .495 9.0 480 535
Chinatrust Whales 100 46 2 52 .469 11.5 446 491
Macoto Cobras 100 44 1 55 .444 14.0 561 588
Sinon Bulls 100 42 1 57 .424 16.0 466 545
- Green denotes first half or second half champion.
- Yellow denotes wild card position.
## Statistical leaders {#statistical_leaders}
### Hitting
Stat Player Team Total
------ ----------------- --------------------- -------
HR Tilson Brito\* Uni-President Lions 33
AVG Chen Chin-feng La New Bears 0.382
H Kao Kuo-ching\* Uni-President Lions 152
RBIs Tilson Brito Uni-President Lions 107
SB Huang Lung-yi La New Bears 27
### Pitching
Stat Player Team Total
------ --------------- --------------------- -------
W Pan Wei-lun Uni-President Lions 16
ERA Peter Munro Uni-President Lions 2.03
SO Joe Dawley Brother Elephants 153
SV Todd Moser Brother Elephants 13
Hld Wang Ching-li Brother Elephants 12
## Month MVP {#month_mvp}
Month Item Player Team
----------- ------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
March Pitcher Huang Chun-chung La New Bears
\| Hitter Peng Cheng-min Brother Elephants
April Pitcher Iba Tomokazu Sinon Bulls
\| Hitter Peng Cheng-min Brother Elephants
May Pitcher Pan Wei-lun Uni-President Lions
\| Hitter Kao Kuo-ching Uni-President Lions
June Pitcher Jeremy Hill Macoto Cobras
\| Hitter Tilson Brito Uni-President Lions
July Pitcher Peter Munro Uni-President Lions
\| Hitter Yang Sen Uni-President Lions
August Pitcher Shen Yu-chieh Chinatrust Whales
\| Hitter Chen Chin-feng La New Bears
September Pitcher Pan Wei-lun Uni-President Lions
\| Hitter Carlos Villalobos Chinatrust Whales
October Pitcher Huang Chun-chung La New Bears
\| Hitter Kao Kuo-ching Uni-President Lions
| 639 |
2007 Chinese Professional Baseball League season
| 0 |
10,103,251 |
# 2007 Chinese Professional Baseball League season
## Milestones
- March 22 - Huang Chung-Yi of the Sinon Bulls records his 1500th career base hit against the Macoto Cobras.
- March 24 - Chang Tai-Shan plays in his 1000th career game against the Brother Elephants
- October 3 - Kao Kuo-ching hits the 144th hit against the Brother Elephants right-hander Yeh Yong-chieh and records the most hits in a single season currently.
## Postseason
- Uni-President Lions wins the 2007 Taiwan Series
| 82 |
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| 1 |
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# Connor Williams (cricketer)
**Connor Cecil Williams** (born 7 August 1973 in Gujarat) is an Indian first class cricketer, who played for Baroda. He is a left-handed opening batsman.
## Career
A left-handed opening batsman, Williams came to the selectors attention after the 2001 Irani Trophy where he scored 143 in the first innings and 83 in the second. He was rewarded with a place in the India squad for the 2001 tour of South Africa. Williams played in the test match at Centurion Park, but the match was made unofficial due to Indian protests over the suspension of Virender Sehwag
| 101 |
Connor Williams (cricketer)
| 0 |
10,103,289 |
# Castle Rushen High School
**Castle Rushen High School** is a co-educational secondary state school located in Castletown on the Isle of Man for pupils from the south of the island.
## Isle of Man school system {#isle_of_man_school_system}
The Isle of Man has six secondary schools. The other comprehensive schools are St Ninian\'s High School, Ballakermeen High School, Ramsey Grammar School and Queen Elizabeth II High School. There is one private (fee-paying) school, King William\'s College.
## The House System {#the_house_system}
The pupils of the school are grouped into four houses named after headlands or rocks in the south of the island: Bradda, Carrick, Langness and Scarlett. Houses compete in a number of events in the year ranging from sporting events such as inter-house rugby, cross country and netball to more academic competition in the form of a merit award system for good work. There are four trophies available each year for \"Sport\", \"Merits\", and \"Attendance\", and the overall best house trophy which is awarded to the house which does best over the other three categories
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Castle Rushen High School
| 0 |
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# KW postcode area
The **KW postcode area**, also known as the **Kirkwall postcode area**, is a group of sixteen postcode districts in the far north of Scotland, within fifteen post towns. These cover Caithness (including Wick, Thurso, Halkirk, Berriedale, Dunbeath, Latheron and Lybster), east Sutherland (including Golspie, Brora, Helmsdale, Kinbrace and Forsinard) and the Orkney Islands.
Mail for the KW postcode area is processed at Inverness Mail Centre, along with mail for the IV and HS postcode areas
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10,103,316 |
# PH postcode area
The **PH postcode area**, also known as the **Perth postcode area**, is a group of 43 postcode districts for post towns: Aberfeldy, Acharacle, Arisaig, Auchterarder, Aviemore, Ballachulish, Blairgowrie, Boat of Garten, Carrbridge, Corrour, Crieff, Dalwhinnie, Dunkeld, Fort Augustus, Fort William, Glenfinnan, Grantown-on-Spey, Invergarry, Isle of Canna, Isle of Eigg, Isle of Rum, Kingussie, Kinlochleven, Lochailort, Mallaig, Nethy Bridge, Newtonmore, Perth, Pitlochry, Roy Bridge and Spean Bridge in Scotland.
The main post town of Perth and its surrounding villages are covered in PH1 (north and west) and PH2 (east and south). PH3 to PH7 cover the Strathearn area to the west and south-west of Perth. PH8 to PH10 and PH15 to PH18 cover highland areas to the north and north-west. PH11 to PH14 cover lower-lying Strathmore and Carse of Gowrie to the north-east and east.
PH19 to PH26 cover Highland Council areas to north of Drummochter.
PH30 to PH36 cover landward areas around Fort William and the Great Glen, to the west, north and east. PH49 and PH50 lie to the south of Fort William.
PH37 to PH41 cover the remote west coast (including the most western point of the Scottish mainland) to Mallaig. PH42 to PH44 cover the Small Isles archipelago of the Inner Hebrides.
Mail for the PH postcode area is processed at Edinburgh Mail Centre, along with mail for the EH, KY, DD, FK and TD postcode areas.
## Coverage
The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:
\|- ! PH1 \| PERTH \|City centre north and west of the Post Office, and immediate hinterland villages \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH2 \| PERTH \|City centre south and east of the Post Office, and immediate hinterland villages \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH3 \| AUCHTERARDER \| Aberuthven \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH4 \| AUCHTERARDER \| Blackford \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH5 \| CRIEFF \| Muthill \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH6 \| CRIEFF \| Comrie, St Fillans, Dunira \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH7 \| CRIEFF \| Crieff, Gilmerton, Madderty \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH8 \| DUNKELD \| Dunkeld, Birnam, Amulree \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH9 \| PITLOCHRY \| Ballinluig, Strathtay, Tulliemet \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH10 \| BLAIRGOWRIE \| Blairgowrie and Rattray, Rattray, Bridge of Cally \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH11 \| BLAIRGOWRIE \| Alyth \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH12 \| BLAIRGOWRIE \| Meigle, Newtyle \| Perth and Kinross, Angus \|- ! PH13 \| BLAIRGOWRIE \| Coupar Angus, \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH14 \| PERTH \| Inchture, Abernyte \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH15 \| ABERFELDY \| Aberfeldy \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH16 \| PITLOCHRY \| Pitlochry, Strath Tummel, Kinloch Rannoch \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH17 \| PITLOCHRY \| Rannoch, Bridge of Gaur \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH18 \| PITLOCHRY \| Blair Atholl, Calvine, Bridge of Tilt \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! PH19 \| DALWHINNIE \| Dalwhinnie \| Highland \|- ! PH20 \| NEWTONMORE \| Newtonmore, Kinloch Laggan, Laggan \| Highland \|- ! PH21 \| KINGUSSIE \| Kingussie, Insh, Kincraig \| Highland \|- ! PH22 \| AVIEMORE \| Aviemore \| Highland \|- ! PH23 \| CARRBRIDGE \| Carrbridge, Bogroy \| Highland \|- ! PH24 \| BOAT OF GARTEN \| Boat of Garten \| Highland \|- ! PH25 \| NETHY BRIDGE \| Nethy Bridge \| Highland \|- ! PH26 \| GRANTOWN-ON-SPEY \| Grantown-on-Spey, Advie, Cromdale, Dulnain Bridge \| Highland \|- ! PH30 \| CORROUR \| Corrour \| Highland \|- ! PH31 \| ROY BRIDGE \| Roy Bridge, Murlaggan, Tulloch \| Highland \|- ! PH32 \| FORT AUGUSTUS \| Fort Augustus, Auchterawe \| Highland \|- ! PH33 \| FORT WILLIAM \| Fort William \| Highland \|- ! PH34 \| SPEAN BRIDGE \| Spean Bridge, South Laggan, Achnacarry \| Highland \|- ! PH35 \| INVERGARRY \| Invergarry \| Highland \|- ! PH36 \| ACHARACLE \| Acharacle \| Highland \|- ! PH37 \| GLENFINNAN \| Glenfinnan, Polloch \| Highland \|- ! PH38 \| LOCHAILORT \| Lochailort, Glenuig, Kinlochmoidart \| Highland \|- ! PH39 \| ARISAIG \| Arisaig \| Highland \|- ! PH40 \| MALLAIG \| Morar \| Highland \|- ! PH41 \| MALLAIG \| Mallaig, Knoydart, Isle of Muck, Isle of Soay \| Highland \|- ! PH42 \| ISLE OF EIGG \| Isle of Eigg \| Highland \|- ! PH43 \| ISLE OF RUM \| Isle of Rum \| Highland \|- ! PH44 \| ISLE OF CANNA \| Isle of Canna \| Highland \|- ! PH49 \| BALLACHULISH \| Ballachulish \| Highland \|- ! PH50 \| KINLOCHLEVEN \| Kinlochleven \| Highland \|}
Ballachulish and Kinlochleven were originally in the PA area as PA39 and PA40 respectively, before being transferred to the PH area in 1999
| 795 |
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| 0 |
10,103,327 |
# Simple Dreams
***Simple Dreams*** is the eighth studio album by the American singer Linda Ronstadt, released in 1977 by Asylum Records. It includes several of her best-known songs, including her cover of the Rolling Stones song \"Tumbling Dice\" (featured in the film *FM*) and her version of the Roy Orbison song \"Blue Bayou\", which earned her a Grammy nomination for Record of the Year. The album also contains covers of the Buddy Holly song \"It\'s So Easy!\" (a top-5 hit) and the Warren Zevon songs \"Poor Poor Pitiful Me\" (another top-40 hit) and \"Carmelita\".
The album was the best-selling studio album of her career, and at the time was the second best-selling album by a female artist (behind only Carole King\'s *Tapestry*). It was her first album since *Don\'t Cry Now* without long-time musical collaborator Andrew Gold, though it features several of the other Laurel Canyon-based session musicians who appeared on her prior albums, including guitarists Dan Dugmore and Waddy Wachtel, bassist Kenny Edwards, and producer and multi-instrumentalist Peter Asher.
## Release and promotion {#release_and_promotion}
The album was released by Asylum in the LP, 8-track tape & cassette Tape format in September 1977 (catalogue number 6E-104, TC8-104, and TC5-104). In 1986, Asylum released the album in the CD format (2-104). The album has never been out of print.
One of the most successful albums of Ronstadt\'s career, *Simple Dreams* spent five successive weeks at number 1 on the *Billboard* album chart in late 1977, displacing Fleetwood Mac\'s *Rumours* after it had held that position for a record-breaking 29 weeks. It also knocked Elvis Presley out of the number 1 position on the *Billboard* Country Albums chart after \"The King\" had held it for fifteen consecutive weeks following his death in August. *Simple Dreams* was Ronstadt\'s fifth consecutive million-selling platinum album and sold over 3½ million copies in less than a year in the United States alone---a record for a female artist. Among female recording artists at that time, only Carole King, with her album *Tapestry*, had sold more copies of one album.
The album was such a success that Ronstadt became the first female artist---and the first act overall since the Beatles---to have two singles in the top five at the same time: the Platinum-certified \"Blue Bayou\" (#3 Pop, #3 Adult contemporary, and #2 Country) and \"It\'s So Easy\" (#5 Pop). \"It\'s So Easy\" was originally recorded by Buddy Holly and The Crickets in 1958 but had failed to chart in its original version. It was Ronstadt\'s second cover of a Holly song to become a hit in as many years; she had taken a rousing cover of \"That\'ll Be the Day\" to #11 Pop in 1976, using a similar arrangement.
The album includes songs by Warren Zevon, Eric Kaz, and JD Souther, as well as the Rolling Stones\' \"Tumbling Dice\". Ronstadt was joined by Dolly Parton on the traditional ballad \"I Never Will Marry\", which became a Top 10 Country hit during the summer of 1978. (Ronstadt, Parton, and Emmylou Harris were also working on an ill-fated collaborative project around this same time, but nine years would pass before the release of their first *Trio* album.)
Ronstadt also recorded a Spanish-language version of \"Blue Bayou\" entitled \"Lago Azul\" only released as a single in 1978 (Asylum E-45464). The album\'s 40th anniversary reissue in 2017, augmented by the addition of four live tracks, likewise omits this recording.
Originally, the cover photograph was to show Ronstadt dressed in a mini-slip and seated in front of multiple mirrors. Uncomfortable with the physical exposure, she changed into a robe, and the picture was made artificially grainy. A retouched photo from the original photo sessions was included on the inner sleeve of her platinum-plus album *Greatest Hits, Volume 2*, released in 1980. At the 20th Grammy Awards, John Kosh won the Grammy Award for Best Recording Package for *Simple Dreams*.
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
*Rolling Stone* stated: \"Throughout *Simple Dreams* (in which Ronstadt and Asher wisely have scaled down the production), the singer evokes a bittersweet world of disappointments, fantasies and cheerfully brazen assertions.\" Reviewing in *Christgau\'s Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies* (1981), Robert Christgau wrote:
| 695 |
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# Simple Dreams
## Accolades
\"Blue Bayou\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in early 1978. It also earned Ronstadt a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female, alongside Barbra Streisand, Dolly Parton, Carly Simon, and Debby Boone, while the album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical (Val Garay). Peter Asher also won the Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical in-part for his work on this album.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Personnel
- Linda Ronstadt -- lead vocals, backing vocals (1, 10), acoustic guitar (5, 10), arrangements (5, 10)
- Don Grolnick -- clavinet (1, 7), organ (2), electric piano (3, 6), acoustic piano (4, 9)
- Dan Dugmore -- acoustic guitar (1, 2, 7), steel guitar (3, 6), electric guitar (9)
- Waddy Wachtel -- electric guitar (1, 2, 7-9), backing vocals (1, 2, 9), acoustic guitar (2, 5, 6, 8), slide guitar solo (9)
- Mike Auldridge -- dobro (5, 10)
- Kenny Edwards -- bass guitar (1-3, 6-9), backing vocals (1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 10), mandolin (6)
- Rick Marotta -- drums (1-3, 6, 7, 9), syndrums (2, 6, 7), shaker (3), cowbell (6)
- Steve Forman -- marimba (6)
- Peter Asher -- backing vocals (1, 8, 10), tambourine (7), maracas (7)
- David Campbell -- string arrangements (3), viola (3)
- Dennis Karmazyn -- cello (3)
- Charles Veal -- violin (3)
- Richard Feves -- double bass (3)
- Dolly Parton -- harmony vocals (5)
- Don Henley -- backing vocals (6)
- Larry Hagler -- backing vocals (7)
- JD Souther -- backing vocals (8)
- Herb Pedersen -- backing vocals (10)
### Production
- Producer -- Peter Asher
- Recorded and Mixed by Val Garay
- Recording and Mix Assistant -- Mark Howlett
- Mastered by Doug Sax at The Mastering Lab (Hollywood, CA).
- Art Direction and Design -- Kosh
- Photography -- Jim Shea
## Charts
### Weekly charts {#weekly_charts}
+---------------------------------+----------+
| Chart (1977--78) | Peak\ |
| | position |
+=================================+==========+
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 1 |
+---------------------------------+----------+
| Canadian Albums Chart | 1 |
+---------------------------------+----------+
| Dutch Albums Chart | 8 |
+---------------------------------+----------+
| French SNEP Albums Chart | 15 |
+---------------------------------+----------+
| Japanese Oricon LPs Chart | 38 |
+---------------------------------+----------+
| New Zealand Albums Chart | 2 |
+---------------------------------+----------+
| Swedish Albums Chart | 46 |
+---------------------------------+----------+
| UK Albums Chart | 15 |
+---------------------------------+----------+
| U.S. *Billboard* Pop Albums | 1 |
+---------------------------------+----------+
| U.S. *Billboard* Country Albums | 1 |
+---------------------------------+----------+
| | |
+---------------------------------+----------+
### Year-end charts {#year_end_charts}
Chart (1977) Position
------------------------- ----------
Australian Albums Chart 27
Canadian Albums Chart 18
Chart (1978) Position
--------------------------- ----------
Australian Albums Chart 4
Canadian Albums Chart 54
Dutch Albums Chart 63
French Albums Chart 31
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) 11
U.S. *Billboard* 200 8
## Certifications and sales {#certifications_and_sales}
## Release history {#release_history}
Region Date Format Label Ref
| 498 |
Simple Dreams
| 1 |
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# DD postcode area
The **DD postcode area**, also known as the **Dundee postcode area**, is a group of eleven postcode districts in eastern Scotland, within nine post towns. These cover Dundee and Angus (including Forfar, Arbroath, Brechin, Carnoustie, Kirriemuir and Montrose), plus part of north-east Fife (including Newport-on-Tay and Tayport) and small parts of Perth and Kinross and Aberdeenshire.
Mail for the DD postcode area is processed at Edinburgh Mail Centre, along with mail for the EH, KY, PH, FK and TD postcode areas
| 85 |
DD postcode area
| 0 |
10,103,347 |
# Geoffrey Simon
**Geoffrey Philip Simon** (born 3 July 1946) is an Australian conductor resident in London.
## Recordings
Geoffrey Simon was born on 3 July 1946 in Adelaide. He was a student of Herbert von Karajan, Rudolf Kempe, Hans Swarowsky and Igor Markevitch, and a major prize-winner at the first John Player International Conductors\' Award. He has made 45 recordings for a number of labels, combining familiar works with world premieres of rediscovered obscure works by Tchaikovsky, Respighi, Borodin, Mussorgsky, Smetana, Grainger, Debussy, Ravel, Saint-Saëns and Les Six.
For his own label, Cala Records, Geoffrey Simon has a series of records where he has brought together ensembles of single instruments---all violins, violas, cellos, double basses, horns, trumpets, trombones and harps---drawn from London\'s leading solo and orchestral musicians. The recordings have attracted interest among instrumentalists, composers and audiences worldwide.
## Appearances
He has appeared in London with the London Philharmonic Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, Philharmonia Orchestra, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, London Chamber Orchestra and English Chamber Orchestra.
Internationally, he has appeared with the American, Atlanta, City of Birmingham, Bournemouth, Fort Worth, Milwaukee, St Louis, Sapporo, Shanghai and Tokyo Metropolitan symphonies, the Israel, Moscow, Munich and New Japan Philharmonics, the Residentie Orchestra of The Hague, the six major Australian orchestras and Opera Australia.
## Music directorships {#music_directorships}
His music directorships have included the Albany Symphony Orchestra (New York), the Sacramento Symphony (California) and the Orquestra Simfònica de Balears \"Ciutat de Palma\" (Majorca).
Previously he was Professor of Music and Conductor of the University of North Texas College of Music Symphony Orchestra in Denton, Texas.
He has conducted a Mahler cycle as Music Director of the Northwest Mahler Festival in Seattle. He is Classical Special Projects Consultant of Arts Global (London, New York and Montreux) and a jury member for Young Concert Artists (Paris, Leipzig and New York) and the Australian Music Foundation (London).
## Awards and nominations {#awards_and_nominations}
### ARIA Music Awards {#aria_music_awards}
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by the Australian Recording Industry Association. They commenced in 1987. `{{awards table}}`{=mediawiki} ! `{{Abbr|Ref
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# Agessa
**Agessa** is a French association that manages social security taxation for individuals who earn money through licensing or sale of original, copyrighted material such as photographs, musical manuscripts or written texts. Agessa exists since January 1, 1978 and stands for *Association pour la Gestion de la Sécurité Sociale des Auteurs* (Association for the Management of Authors\' Social Security).
Precise information regarding taxation can be obtained from the Agessa website, as the percentages and manners of payment change regularly. In recent years, a percentage of proceeds from copyright licensing in France must be paid directly to Agessa by the party obtaining the license.
For example, imagine that a script is licensed to a production company for the filming of a movie. If the contract of sale of the license to use the script stipulates that the production company will pay the author 10,000 euro, the production company will pay the author a lesser amount (in 2006, 9215.5 euro) and Agessa the remainder (in 2007, 784.5 euro).
It may be thought of as the equivalent of the tax withholding in the United States. The money withheld by the buyer does not account for all tax be paid
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# Andy Moles
**Andrew James Moles** (born 12 February 1961) is an English cricket coach and former cricketer who played first-class cricket for Warwickshire and Griqualand West. He has served as head coach of numerous international teams, including Hong Kong, Kenya, Scotland, New Zealand, Afghanistan and the Bahamas. In April 2020, Moles had his left leg amputated below the knee, after contracting MRSA.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Moles was a gritty and determined right-handed opening batsman. He played from 1986 until his retirement in 1997 for Warwickshire, where he scored 13,316 runs at an average of 38.59. During the late 1980s, he also played domestic cricket in South Africa for Griqualand West and in three seasons managed 1,989 runs at 64.16.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
After retiring as a player, he started his coaching career at Griqualand West, staying there for five years. His first appointment as the head coach of a national team came in 2001, when he coached Hong Kong at the 2001 ICC Trophy.
In 2003, he was appointed as the national coach of Kenya, where he had a turbulent time due to infighting between the Kenya Cricket Association and the players which led him to quit the job at the end of 2004. He took over as the coach of Scotland in January 2005 but left the role after less than a year as a result of disagreements with some of the senior players.
He was appointed coach of Northern Districts in New Zealand domestic cricket for the 2006--07 season and in his first season helped guide the team to the State Championship. In November 2008, New Zealand Cricket announced that Moles had been appointed to succeed John Bracewell as the New Zealand Coach. He resigned from that position in October 2009 over differences with senior members of the team.
Moles had a stint as a coach at Wellingborough School in Northamptonshire. before being appointed as batting coach for the Afghanistan national cricket team in June 2014. Later, on 3 September 2014, he was named head coach replacing Kabir Khan ahead of the 2015 Cricket World Cup.
In 2021, Moles was hired as the head coach of the Bahamas national cricket team prior to the 2021 ICC Men\'s T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier
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# PA postcode area
The **PA postcode area**, also known as the **Paisley postcode area**, is a group of 67 postcode districts in western Scotland, within 35 post towns. These cover Renfrewshire (including Paisley, Renfrew, Johnstone, Bishopton, Erskine, Bridge of Weir and Lochwinnoch), Inverclyde (including Greenock, Port Glasgow, Gourock, Kilmacolm and Wemyss Bay) and most of Argyll and Bute (including Oban, Lochgilphead, Tarbert, Campbeltown, Appin, Taynuilt, Bridge of Orchy, Dalmally, Inveraray, Cairndow, Colintraive, Dunoon, Tighnabruaich, and the Isles of Mull, Iona, Coll, Tiree, Jura, Colonsay, Islay, Gigha and Bute), plus small parts of North Ayrshire (including Skelmorlie) and Highland.
Mail for the PA postcode area is processed at Glasgow Mail Centre, along with mail for the G, ML, KA and ZE postcode areas.
\_\_TOC\_\_
## Coverage
The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:
\|- ! PA1 \| PAISLEY \| Paisley (central, east and north east), Ralston \| Renfrewshire \|- ! PA2 \| PAISLEY \| Paisley (south), Castlehead \| Renfrewshire, and a small rural area in East Renfrewshire \|- ! PA3 \| PAISLEY \| Paisley (north west), Linwood \| Renfrewshire \|- ! PA4 \| RENFREW \| Renfrew, Inchinnan \| Renfrewshire \|- ! PA5 \| JOHNSTONE \| Johnstone, Brookfield, Elderslie \| Renfrewshire \|- ! PA6 \| JOHNSTONE \| Johnstone, Houston \| Renfrewshire \|- ! PA7 \| BISHOPTON \| Bishopton \| Renfrewshire \|- ! PA8 \| ERSKINE \| Erskine \| Renfrewshire \|- ! PA9 \| JOHNSTONE \| Johnstone, Howwood \| Renfrewshire \|- ! PA10 \| JOHNSTONE \| Johnstone, Kilbarchan \| Renfrewshire \|- ! PA11 \| BRIDGE OF WEIR \| Bridge of Weir, Quarrier\'s Village \| Renfrewshire \|- ! PA12 \| LOCHWINNOCH \| Lochwinnoch, Newton of Belltrees \| Renfrewshire \|- ! PA13 \| KILMACOLM \| Kilmacolm \| Inverclyde \|- ! PA14 \| PORT GLASGOW \| Port Glasgow, Langbank \| Inverclyde \|- ! PA15 \| GREENOCK \| Greenock \| Inverclyde \|- ! PA16 \| GREENOCK \| Greenock, Inverkip \| Inverclyde \|- ! PA17 \| SKELMORLIE \| Skelmorlie \| North Ayrshire \|- ! PA18 \| WEMYSS BAY \| Wemyss Bay \| Inverclyde \|- ! PA19 \| GOUROCK \| Gourock \| Inverclyde \|- ! PA20 \| ISLE OF BUTE \| Isle of Bute \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA21 \| TIGHNABRUAICH \| Tighnabruaich \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA22 \| COLINTRAIVE \| Colintraive, Glendaruel \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA23 \| DUNOON \| Dunoon \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA24 \| CAIRNDOW \| Lochgoilhead \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA25 \| CAIRNDOW \| St. Catherines \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA26 \| CAIRNDOW \| Cairndow \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA27 \| CAIRNDOW \| Strachur \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA28 \| CAMPBELTOWN \| Campbeltown \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA29 \| TARBERT \| Tarbert \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA30 \| LOCHGILPHEAD \| Ardrishaig \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA31 \| LOCHGILPHEAD \| Lochgilphead, Cairnbaan, Crinan, Kilmartin \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA32 \| INVERARAY \| Inveraray \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA33 \| DALMALLY \| Dalmally \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA34 \| OBAN \| Oban \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA35 \| TAYNUILT \| Taynuilt \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA36 \| BRIDGE OF ORCHY \| Bridge of Orchy \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA37 \| OBAN \| Connel, Benderloch \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA38 \| APPIN \| Appin \| Argyll and Bute, Highland \|- ! PA41 \| ISLE OF GIGHA \| Gigha \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA42 \| ISLE OF ISLAY \| Port Ellen \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA43 \| ISLE OF ISLAY \| Bowmore \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA44 \| ISLE OF ISLAY \| Bridgend \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA45 \| ISLE OF ISLAY \| Ballygrant \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA46 \| ISLE OF ISLAY \| Port Askaig \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA47 \| ISLE OF ISLAY \| Portnahaven \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA48 \| ISLE OF ISLAY \| Port Charlotte \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA49 \| ISLE OF ISLAY \| Bruichladdich \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA60 \| ISLE OF JURA \| Jura \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA61 \| ISLE OF COLONSAY \| Colonsay \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA62 \| ISLE OF MULL \| Lochbuie \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA63 \| ISLE OF MULL \| Croggan \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA64 \| ISLE OF MULL \| Lochdon \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA65 \| ISLE OF MULL \| Craignure \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA66 \| ISLE OF MULL \| Fionnphort \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA67 \| ISLE OF MULL \| Bunessan \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA68 \| ISLE OF MULL \| Gribun \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA69 \| ISLE OF MULL \| Tiroran \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA70 \| ISLE OF MULL \| Pennyghael \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA71 \| ISLE OF MULL \| Gruline \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA72 \| ISLE OF MULL \| Aros, Salen \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA73 \| ISLE OF MULL \| Ulva Ferry \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA74 \| ISLE OF MULL \| Torloisk \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA75 \| ISLE OF MULL \| Tobermory, Calgary \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA76 \| ISLE OF IONA \| Iona \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA77 \| ISLE OF TIREE \| Tiree \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA78 \| ISLE OF COLL \| Coll \| Argyll and Bute \|- ! PA80 \| OBAN \| Morvern \| Highland \|}
Ballachulish and Kinlochleven were originally coded PA39 and PA40 respectively, before being transferred to the PH area in 1999 as PH49 and PH50. The PA80 district was formed out of the PA34 district in 2011 following a campaign by residents of Morvern.
Until January 1995, PA80 to PA87 were allocated to the islands of the Outer Hebrides, after which these formed the HS postcode area
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# Bogusław Wyparło
**Bogusław Wyparło** (born 29 November 1974) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He gained three caps for the Poland national team.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
He is a trainee of Stal Mielec. He debuted in Ekstraklasa at the age of 16. Wyparło featured in all 34 matches of ŁKS Łódź\'s 1997--98 championship winning campaign. He made three appearances for the Poland national team.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
On 15 November 2011, Wyparło was appointed goalkeeping coach of ŁKS Łódź, while stile an active player for the first team. Between 2015 and 2021, he coached the goalkeepers at his former club Stal Mielec
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# Jetzt Anders!
**Jetzt Anders!** was an Austrian band, put together by the Austrian casting show *Starmania*. Their music style is a mix of soul, pop and rock. They wanted to call the band *Jetzt!* (\"Now!\"), but there were already two other bands in Austria with that name, so they called the band *Jetzt Anders!* (\"Now Different!\"). Band member Tom Neuwirth would go on to win the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 as his drag persona Conchita Wurst
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# Jack Parsons (cricketer)
The Rev. Canon **John Henry Parsons** MC (30 May 1890`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}2 February 1981) was an English first-class cricketer for Warwickshire County Cricket Club. A right-handed batsman, he made 17969 runs at 35.72 in his 355-game career which extended over 26 years. He became a Church of England clergyman.
He was born in Oxford, and qualified by residence for Warwickshire County Cricket Club after moving to Coventry. He played for the county from 1910 to 1914 as a professional. He was commissioned into the British Army during the Great War, in which he won a Military Cross for gallantry. He continued in the Army afterwards, appearing for his county as an amateur in 1919 and 1923 as Capt. J. H. Parsons. In 1924, he resumed his professional career. In 1929, he was ordained, and from then until his retirement from the game in 1934 played again as an amateur. According to his obituary in *Wisden*, he might well have played for England but for the break in his career between 1914 and 1923. \"A tall man, who made full use of his height, he was a superb driver of fast bowling, and one of the safest slips of his day.\"
In his final game for Warwickshire, against Yorkshire at Scarborough in 1934, under his captaincy, 216 runs were required to win in the fourth innings. Parsons scored 94 out of 121 in under two hours, including three 6s and twelve 4s; Warwickshire won by one wicket.
In the 1950s he was vicar of Liskeard in Cornwall. He died in a Plymouth nursing home at the age of 90
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# Kamome (train)
`{{nihongo|'''''Kamome'''''|かもめ}}`{=mediawiki} is a limited express train service operated by JR Kyushu in Japan. It operates between Hakata and Nagasaki on the Kagoshima Main Line and the Nagasaki Main Line. *Kamome* means seagull in Japanese.
As of 23 September 2022, the name was inherited by the new Shinkansen service to Nagasaki, at which point the remaining limited express services between Takeo-Onsen and Hakata were renamed *Relay Kamome*.
## History
The *Kamome* name (written as \"*鷗*\") was first used from 1 July 1937 on limited express trains operating between Tokyo and Kobe. This service continued until February 1943.
The name (written as \"*かもめ*\") was subsequently revived from 15 March 1953 for use on limited express services operating between Kyoto and Hakata. This service was discontinued in March 1975 with the completion of the Sanyō Shinkansen to Hakata.
On 1 July 1976, with the electrification of the Nagasaki Main Line, services resumed (initially between Kokura and Nagasaki, later between Hakata and Nagasaki) using 485 series EMUs.
The service in its current form commenced on 23 September 2022, with the opening of the Nishi-Kyushu Shinkansen section between Takeo-Onsen and Nagasaki. With the Shinkansen now being the primary route to Nagasaki, *Kamome* services were reallocated to Shinkansen services on the newly-built Shinkansen line. This also resulted in *Kamome* services bypassing Hizen-Kashima, a major station on the Nagasaki Main Line but not on the Shinkansen, to be served by the newly-introduced ***Kasasagi*** limited express departing from either Hizen-Kashima or `{{STN|Saga|x}}`{=mediawiki}. *Kasasagi* is named after the Eurasian magpie, which is the prefectural bird of Saga.
### Nishi Kyushu Shinkansen {#nishi_kyushu_shinkansen}
On 28 October 2020, JR Kyushu announced it would utilize a 6-car version of the N700S series for the isolated section of Shinkansen from Nagasaki, named the Nishi Kyushu Shinkansen, with a cross platform interchange to a relay service called ***Relay Kamome*** at `{{STN|Takeo-Onsen|x}}`{=mediawiki} to connect to Hakata. JR Kyushu also announced it would continue to use the name *Kamome*, which has been in use since 1961, for the Nishi Kyushu Shinkansen service. Most of the new *Kamome* Shinkansen services stop at every station between Takeo-Onsen and Nagasaki, with some services bypassing Ureshino-Onsen, with a few services only stopping at Isahaya. Between Takeo-Onsen and Hakata, the so-called *Relay Kamome* will continue as a non-Shinkansen train service for the foreseeable future until the Shinkansen is eventually extended to Hakata. Some *Midori* and *Huis Ten Bosch* services will also operate as an additional Relay Kamome at Takeo-Onsen styled as either *Midori (Relay Kamome)* or *Huis Ten Bosch (Relay Kamome).*
## Rolling stock {#rolling_stock}
### Current rolling stock {#current_rolling_stock}
#### Relay Kamome & Kasasagi {#relay_kamome_kasasagi}
- 787 series EMUs
- 885 series tilting EMUs (branded *Shiroi Kamome* and *Shiroi Sonic*, since 2000)
- 783 series EMUs (*Kasasagi* only, initially branded *Hyper Saloon*, since 1988)
#### Kamome
- N700S Series Shinkansen (since 2022)
### Former rolling stock {#former_rolling_stock}
- 485 series EMUs
## Station stops {#station_stops}
### Relay Kamome / Kasasagi {#relay_kamome_kasasagi_1}
Stations in parentheses are not served by all trains. Some trains depart from `{{STN|Mojikō|x}}`{=mediawiki} or `{{STN|Kokura|x}}`{=mediawiki} in the city of Kitakyushu.
- \- `{{STN|Moji|x}}`{=mediawiki} - `{{STN|Kokura|x}}`{=mediawiki} - `{{STN|Tobata|x}}`{=mediawiki} - (`{{STN|Yahata|x}}`{=mediawiki}) - `{{STN|Kurosaki|x}}`{=mediawiki} - `{{STN|Orio|x}}`{=mediawiki} - `{{STN|Akama|x}}`{=mediawiki} - (`{{STN|Tōgō|x}}`{=mediawiki}) - (`{{STN|Fukuma|x}}`{=mediawiki}) - (`{{STN|Kashii|x}}`{=mediawiki}) - `{{STN|Hakata|x}}`{=mediawiki} - (`{{STN|Futsukaichi|x}}`{=mediawiki}) - `{{STN|Tosu|x}}`{=mediawiki} - `{{STN|Shin-Tosu|x}}`{=mediawiki} - (Yoshinogari-Kōen) - `{{STN|Saga|x}}`{=mediawiki} - (`{{STN|Kōhoku|x|Saga}}`{=mediawiki}) - `{{STN|Takeo-Onsen|x}}`{=mediawiki} / `{{STN|Hizen-Kashima|x}}`{=mediawiki}
#### Special stops {#special_stops}
- Balloon Saga: Some trains heading towards Nagasaki stop here during the Saga International Balloon Fiesta.
### Kamome {#kamome_1}
**Legend:**
● All trains stop
--- ------------------
▲ Some trains stop
+---------+----------+------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| Station | Japanese | Distance from\ | *Kamome*\ |
| | | `{{STN|Takeo-Onsen|x}}`{=mediawiki} (km) | (from 23 September 2022) |
+=========+==========+==========================================+==========================+
| | | | |
+---------+----------+------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| | | 0.0 | ● |
+---------+----------+------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| | | 10.9 | ▲ |
+---------+----------+------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| | | 32.2 | ▲ |
+---------+----------+------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| | | 44.8 | ● |
+---------+----------+------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| | | 66
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# Frederick Miles
**Frederick Miles** (December 19, 1815 -- November 20, 1896) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Connecticut\'s 4th congressional district from 1879 to 1883 and from 1889 to 1891. He had previously served in the Connecticut Senate from 1877 to 1879.
## Early life {#early_life}
He was born in Goshen, Connecticut, where he attended the common schools and pursued an academic course. He engaged in mercantile pursuits in Goshen until 1857 before moving to Twin Lakes, Connecticut, and later, in 1858, to Salisbury, Connecticut, and engaged in the manufacture of iron.
## Political career {#political_career}
Miles was a member of the Connecticut Senate from 1877 until February 1879, when he resigned. He was elected to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1879 -- March 3, 1883) but he declined a nomination for reelection. Miles was again elected to the Fifty-first Congress (March 4, 1889 -- March 3, 1891) but was an unsuccessful candidate for re - election in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress.
## Later life and death {#later_life_and_death}
After leaving Congress, he resumed business activities and died near Salisbury, Connecticut in 1896. He was buried in Salisbury Cemetery
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# Camps for soldiers of the UNR Army interned in Poland (1919–1924)
Combatants of the Ukrainian People\'s Republic (UNR) Army were interned in Poland initially at the end of 1919 (after the breakdown of Ukrainian front) in Łańcut immediately after they organized six Rifle divisions.
## Background
Although the West Ukrainian People\'s Republic (ZUNR) and the Polish POW Affairs Commission had signed the Lviv Agreement on prisoners of war in February 1919, the subsequent defeat of ZUNR meant its validity was unclear.
## Internment camps {#internment_camps}
After the defeat of the UNR Army at the end of 1920 and its crossing over to Polish territory, about 20,000 soldiers were placed in a number of Internment camps, the most important were in Łańcut, Aleksandrów Kujawski and Kalisz (Wadowice and Piotrków). In mid 1921, the internees were transferred from Łańcut to Strzałkowo and at the end of 1921 from Aleksandrów to Szczypiorno, as well as to neighbouring Kalisz. The internment camps remained until their final liquidation in the middle of 1924.`{{multiple image
<!-- Layout parameters -->| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 250
| image1 = UkrainiansRakowice2.JPG
| footer = Monument to the deceased soldiers of the UNR at the [[Rakowicki Cemetery]].
}}`{=mediawiki}
Active cultural and educational life developed within the camps -- courses for the illiterate and other (especially professional), various schools (i. a. a high school in Kalisz), a folk university at Łańcut and Strzałkowo, galleries, theatrical groups, and other educational and cultural organizations --, and publications exposed artistic as well as religious life.
The leader of camps of internees (it was in the Ukrainian hands and related to the UNR government in exile) cared about the theoretical military teaching and increased the petty officer personnel. The camps of internees in Kalisz and Szczypiorno were after Warsaw the second cell of life of Ukrainian emigration in Poland. The number of soldiers in internment camps diminished constantly: with departure to Czechoslovakia, in particular for university, to France for labour and similar. After liquidation of internment camps, the former soldiers passed to a status of political emigrants in Poland
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# Duress code
A **duress code** is a covert distress signal used by an individual who is being coerced by one or more hostile persons. It is used to warn others that they are being forced to do something against their will. Typically, the warning is given via some innocuous signal embedded in normal communication, such as a code-word or phrase spoken during conversation to alert other personnel. Alternatively, the signal may be incorporated into the authentication process itself, typically in the form of a **panic password**, **distress password**, or **duress PIN** that is distinct from the user\'s normal password or PIN. These concepts are related to a panic alarm and often achieve the same outcome.
## Civilian usage {#civilian_usage}
Some home and property alarm systems have duress PINs, where the last two digits of the reset code are switched around. Entering the code when under duress from an assailant can trigger a silent alarm, alerting police or security personnel in a covert manner. The implementation of this feature has not been without controversy, as it has been claimed to lead to false alarms. A similar mechanism, SafetyPIN, has been proposed for use in ATMs. In 2010, the Federal Trade Commission issued a report studying the viability of such mechanisms for ATMs. They noted duress PINs have never been actually implemented in any ATM, and conclude that the costs of deployment outweighs the likelihood they will actually deter criminal activity.
When a duress PIN is used to trigger a silent alarm, an adversary can always request the PIN in advance and ensure the appropriately modified PIN is entered instead. If the adversary does not know which PIN is correct, they may choose randomly between the two possible codes allowing them to succeed half of the time.
In scenarios where a panic password is used to limit access control, instead of triggering an alarm, it is insufficient to have a single panic password. If the adversary knows the system, a common assumption, then they will simply force the user to authenticate twice using different passwords and gain access on at least one of the two attempts. More complex panic password schemes have been proposed to address this problem.
For cases where verbal communication (e.g. via cell phone) is possible with family member or friend, a covert phrase can be used to signal duress. In the slim chance that a captor allows the person in duress to use their cell phone (e.g. to obtain a PIN), there is a limited opportunity to use a duress code. Because conversations are often being monitored by a captor, they must be subtle and short. Ideally, the use of a duress code has been confirmed before the current situation, so the family member or friend has verifiable evidence that something is wrong, and when the authorities are notified aren\'t just limited to speculation. Examples would include asking about someone (or something) who does not exist. For example, a person might use \"What is Cindy barking at?\" if she knows that either the dog has a different name or that there is no dog. Another example, which is also a widely shared urban legend, would be a person calling 911 for help and pretending to order pizza delivery. While generally taken as an urban legend, this did happen in Brazil.
In addition to a duress code, there is duress activity. This may include the duressed individual withdrawing cash from an ATM using a specific credit card, instead of using their debit card. Many credit card companies allow for email alerts to be set up when specific activity occurs. There are technical issues that could pose problems, such as a delay in notification, cellular network availability, and the fact that a location is not disclosed, only the activity.
Civilian and commercial aircraft can use transponder code 7500 as a duress code to indicate hijacking. Airlines maintain a verbal hijack code, as well.
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# Duress code
## Military usage {#military_usage}
A World War II duress code was used over the telephone by SOE agents in occupied Europe, and involved giving a coded answer when someone checked whether it was convenient to visit a safe-house. If it was genuinely safe to visit, the answer would be \"No, I\'m too busy.\" However, if the safe-house had been compromised (e.g. the Nazis had captured it, forcing the occupants to answer the phone at gunpoint in order to lure in other members of the SOE network) the captured agent would say \"Yes, come on over.\" Having been warned that the safe-house had been compromised, the other agent would hang up the phone and immediately inform his team-members so that they could take appropriate action. Typically, this meant using escape and evasion procedures, before the captured agent was tortured by the Gestapo and forced to give incriminating information such as names and addresses.
The Englandspiel is perhaps the most notorious case of a duress code being ignored, where captured Dutch SOE agent Huub Lauwers sent messages with deliberate errors to indicate that he had been turned but the missing security checks were ignored and the Germans were able to thoroughly compromise the SOE\'s operations in Holland, killing 50 out of 54 agents inserted and shooting down many of the planes that brought them.
In a major Cold War incident in 1968, the US Navy ship USS *Pueblo* was attacked and captured by North Korean forces, and the crew was abused and tortured during the subsequent 11 months. During that period, the North Koreans used the US crew for propaganda purposes, but the crew signaled their duress situation by secretly giving them \"the finger\" in staged photos.
US Navy Admiral Jeremiah Denton became famous for blinking out the word \"TORTURE\" in Morse code during a propaganda television broadcast when he was captured by North Vietnamese forces during the Vietnam War
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# Norman Horner
**Norman Frederick Horner** (10 May 1926 -- 24 December 2003) was an English first-class cricketer, who played two games for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1950, before moving to Warwickshire County Cricket Club in 1951. A right-handed batsman, he made 18,533 runs at 29.79 in his 362-game career.
Born in Queensbury, West Yorkshire, Horner was a neat, dapper batsman, who formed a powerful opening partnership with Fred Gardner, and scored a thousand runs in every season up to 1964. M.J.K. Smith commented that \"Norman would have run Fred\'s legs off him if he had been allowed\". He went down the order in 1958, when the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) asked Warwickshire to promote Smith to develop him for a possible England opening spot. Horner scored quickly, and enjoyed his best three seasons from 1959 to 1961. On a flat Oval pitch in 1960 he scored a career-best 203 not out, and put on 377 with Billy Ibadulla for the first wicket on the first day, then the highest unbroken opening partnership in cricket history. He was quick in the covers and took 131 catches. He retired in 1965 to concentrate on landscape gardening and his work as a cricket groundsman.
Horner died in Driffield, Yorkshire in December 2003, at the age of 77
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# Villa Lidköping BK
**Villa Lidköping BK** is a bandy club in Lidköping i Sweden. The club was formed on 18 January 1934 as **Villa BK** on Lockörn outside Lidköping, where the old club cottage still is. The club\'s name comes from the nearby country estate Villa Giacomina.
Villa has played in the Swedish championship finals seven times, losing 4 out of the 7 appearances in the years 1975, 1983, 2012 and 2016 before finally winning in 2019 and again in 2021, followed up by a third victory in 2024 and a fifth in 2025. Home games are played in Sparbanken Lidköping Arena.
In October 2018, the club won its first World Cup title. The women\'s team won the Swedish national championship for first time during the 2020--2021 season and again during the 2021--2022, 2022--2023 and 2023--2024 seasons.
The men\'s team won the Swedish Cup in the years 2016, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024. The women\'s team won the Swedish Cup in the years 2020, 2021 and 2022
| 169 |
Villa Lidköping BK
| 0 |
10,103,451 |
# FK postcode area
The **FK postcode area**, also known as the **Falkirk postcode area**, is a group of 21 postcode districts in central Scotland, within 18 post towns. These cover most of the Falkirk council area (including Falkirk itself, Grangemouth, Larbert, Denny and Bonnybridge), most of the Stirling council area (including Stirling itself, Dunblane, Doune, Callander, Lochearnhead, Crianlarich and Killin) and Clackmannanshire (including Alloa, Clackmannan, Menstrie, Alva, Tillicoultry and Dollar), plus small parts of Fife, Perth and Kinross, and Argyll and Bute.
Mail for the FK postcode area is processed at Edinburgh Mail Centre, along with mail for the EH, KY, PH, DD and TD postcode areas.
\_\_TOC\_\_
## Coverage
The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:
\|- ! FK1 \| FALKIRK \| Falkirk (centre and south), Avonbridge, California, Camelon, Limerigg, Shieldhill, Slamannan, Standburn \| Falkirk \|- ! FK2 \| FALKIRK \| Falkirk (north), Airth, Bainsford, Brightons, Carron, Carronshore, Dunmore, Laurieston, Maddiston, Polmont, Redding, Skinflats, Westquarter \| Falkirk, Stirling \|- ! FK3 \| GRANGEMOUTH \| Grangemouth, Glensburgh \| Falkirk \|- ! FK4 \| BONNYBRIDGE \| Bonnybridge, Allandale, Banknock, Dennyloanhead, Greenhill, Haggs, High Bonnybridge, Longcroft \| Falkirk \|- ! FK5 \| LARBERT \| Larbert, Stenhousemuir, Torwood \| Falkirk \|- ! FK6 \| DENNY \| Denny, Dunipace, Fankerton, Head of Muir, Stoneywood \| Falkirk \|- ! FK7 \| STIRLING \| Stirling (south and east), Bannockburn, Cambusbarron, Cowie, Fallin, Plean, South Alloa, St
| 231 |
FK postcode area
| 0 |
10,103,454 |
# Battle of Jarosław
The **Battle of Jarosław** (known as the **Defence of Jarosław** in Polish sources) took place between 10 and 11 September 1939 in the city of Jarosław on the San River. During the battle the Polish forces of General Stanisław Maczek successfully held the river crossings in the town for two days against the Nazi German Wehrmacht, which was enough time for the Polish 10th Motorized Cavalry Brigade to cross the river and retreat further eastwards.
## Before the battle {#before_the_battle}
Contrary to most other Polish armies during the Polish Defensive War of 1939, the Kraków Army managed to withstand the initial German assault on Silesia and retreat steadily eastwards. The Carpathians in the south and the Vistula river to the north provided enough cover for the army to focus on delaying actions in the path of the advancing Germans. However, the German numerical and technical superiority meant that the Polish forces were too weak to counter-attack and the best choice for the army was to hold the lines of rivers and major towns on the path of the Polish retreat.
One such line was to be prepared along the San River by General Wacław Scaevola-Wieczorkiewicz, the pre-war commanding officer of the Przemyśl-based 10th Corps Area, one of the peacetime units in the Polish Army. The preparations started on 7 September. However, as most forces in the area were already mobilized and most march battalions were sent to the front, the defensive positions along the river banks were severely undermanned. The following day in the area between Przemyśl and Rozwadów, the Polish commander had only 10 battalions of infantry, one battalion of engineers and 42 pieces of artillery at his disposal. The central area of the line around Jarosław (between Radymno and Sieniawa was manned by four battalions of infantry and 20 guns under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Jan Wójcik of the 2nd Legions\' Infantry Division. The forces were insufficient to guard the river line, and especially so because the summer of 1939 was uncommonly dry and the level of water in Polish rivers was very low, allowing the armoured forces to cross them by fording.
At the same time, the German 4th Light Division under Major-General Alfred Ritter von Hubicki and the 2nd Panzer Division under Lieutenant-General Rudolf Veiel were approaching the town of Jarosław from the north-west, aiming at crossing the river and cutting off the retreating Kraków Army from the east. During the night of 10 September, the earlier unit moved from the area of Rzeszów through Pruchnik and Zamiechów to Radymno at the San River. In the early morning the Germans took the Polish defenders by surprise and crossed the river, unopposed.
| 449 |
Battle of Jarosław
| 0 |
10,103,454 |
# Battle of Jarosław
## Defence of Jarosław {#defence_of_jarosław}
Around the same time Colonel Stanisław Maczek arrived at Jarosław. His unit, the Polish 10th Motorized Cavalry Brigade, was one of only two fully motorized Polish units and had been used by the commanding officer of the Kraków Army as an *armed firefighter*, thrown into battle each time the Germans or Slovaks tried to outflank the - much slower - Polish army. This time his unit formed the rear guard of the army and was to provide cover for the units retreating. Maczek decided to station his brigade around Jarosław and strengthen the Polish defences there.
Around noon the two German divisions arrived near Jarosław and the Polish front guards retreated to the other side of the river, leaving only a token infantry force under Colonel Wójcik at the bridgehead on the western banks. Maczek decided to hold the city for one day in order to provide a safe haven for the slower units following his brigade. After that his unit was to continue its pursuit of his army and organize another delaying action further eastwards, near Lwów (modern Lviv, Ukraine).
In the early afternoon the Germans started their assault on the city, but were repelled and forced to leave several damaged or destroyed tanks on the battlefield. The repeated assaults later that day were also unsuccessful. Overnight Colonel Maczek decided that his plan succeeded and further defence of the city could result in his unit being cut out from the rear by the Germans advancing from Radymno. Because of that he moved his unit further eastwards to the Oleszyce-Lubaczów area. Lieutenant-Colonel Wójcik\'s forces were to hold the town for as long as possible, and then follow the motorized brigade. The Poles blew up the bridges and left only a token force in the city, while the majority of the men retreated under the cover of darkness. In the early morning of 11 September the Germans resumed their assault, this time with a heavy artillery barrage. However, since most of the Polish units were already miles away, the losses were negligible. Around noon the panzers rolled towards the Polish positions only to discover that the several infantry companies (an infantry battalion under Captain Matheis), until then guarding the Polish positions, were also withdrawn
| 382 |
Battle of Jarosław
| 1 |
10,103,464 |
# Ultratop 50 number-one hits of 1999
These hits topped the Ultratop 50 in 1999.
Date Artist Title
-------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------------
January 2 Emilia \"Big Big World\"
January 9 Emilia \"Big big world\"
January 16 Emilia \"Big big world\"
January 23 Virtual Zone \"Virtual Zone\" / \"Change U mind\"
January 30 Virtual Zone \"Virtual Zone\" / \"Change U mind\"
February 6 Virtual Zone \"Virtual Zone\" / \"Change U mind\"
February 13 The Offspring \"Pretty Fly (For a White Guy)\"
February 20 The Offspring \"Pretty fly (For a White Guy)\"
February 27 The Offspring \"Pretty fly (For a White Guy)\"
March 6 The Offspring \"Pretty fly (For a White Guy)\"
March 13 Britney Spears \"\...Baby One More Time\"
March 20 Britney Spears \"\...Baby One More Time\"
March 27 Britney Spears \"\...Baby One More Time\"
April 3 Britney Spears \"\...Baby One More Time\"
April 10 Britney Spears \"\...Baby One More Time\"
April 17 Britney Spears \"\...Baby One More Time\"
April 24 Britney Spears \"\...Baby One More Time\"
May 1 Britney Spears \"\...Baby One More Time\"
May 8 Mr. Oizo \"Flat Beat\"
May 15 Mr. Oizo \"Flat Beat\"
May 22 Mr. Oizo \"Flat Beat\"
May 29 Mr. Oizo \"Flat Beat\"
June 5 Virtual Zone \"Heaven\"
June 12 Shania Twain \"That Don\'t Impress Me Much\"
June 19 Shania Twain \"That Don\'t Impress Me Much\"
June 26 Shania Twain \"That Don\'t Impress Me Much\"
July 3 Britney Spears \"Sometimes\"
July 10 Britney Spears \"Sometimes\"
July 17 Britney Spears \"Sometimes\"
July 24 Ann Lee \"2 Times\"
July 31 Lou Bega \"Mambo No. 5 (A little bit of\...)\"
August 7 Lou Bega \"Mambo No. 5 (A little bit of\...)\"
August 14 Lou Bega \"Mambo No. 5 (A little bit of\...)\"
August 21 Lou Bega \"Mambo No. 5 (A little bit of\...)\"
August 28 Lou Bega \"Mambo No. 5 (A little bit of\...)\"
September 4 Lou Bega \"Mambo No. 5 (A little bit of\...)\"
September 11 Eiffel 65 \"Blue (Da Ba Dee)\"
September 18 Eiffel 65 \"Blue (Da Ba Dee)\"
September 25 Eiffel 65 \"Blue (Da Ba Dee)\"
October 2 Eiffel 65 \"Blue (Da Ba Dee)\"
October 9 Christina Aguilera \"Genie in a Bottle\"
October 16 DJ Peter Project \"2 New York\"
October 23 DJ Peter Project \"2 New York\"
October 30 Scoop \"Drop it\"
November 6 Da Boy Tommy \"Halloween\"
November 13 Da Boy Tommy \"Halloween\"
November 20 Da Boy Tommy \"Halloween\"
November 27 R. Kelly \"If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time\"
December 4 R. Kelly \"If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time\"
December 11 R. Kelly \"If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time\"
December 18 R. Kelly \"If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time\"
December 25 R
| 450 |
Ultratop 50 number-one hits of 1999
| 0 |
10,103,482 |
# Neisse University
\
{\| border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"2\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"float:right; empty-cells:show; margin-left:1em;\" \|\-\-\-\-- \| bgcolor=\"#efefef\" align=\"center\" colspan=1 \| \| bgcolor=\"#efefef\" align=\"center\" colspan=2 \| \
`{{Location_map|Germany|label=|position=none|lat=50.8961|long=14.8072|width=140|caption=|border=none|mark=Reddot.svg|marksize=5|float=center}}`{=mediawiki}**Location** \|\-\-\-\-- \| bgcolor=\"#efefef\" \| Students: \| bgcolor=\"#dfefff\" \| approx. 75 *(Jan. 2007)* \|\-\-\-\-- \| bgcolor=\"#efefef\" \| Courses: \| bgcolor=\"#dfefff\" \| 1 \|} The **Neisse University** was a trinational academic network held by the cooperating partners University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Görlitz, Technical University of Liberec and Wroclaw University of Technology. The places of study were located in the border triangle of Czech Republic, Poland and Germany, which are approximately 100 km apart.
## History
The Neisse University was established in 2001, admitting students for bachelor degrees in \"Information and Communication Management\", the only course offered. Its first president was Prof. Dr. Phil. Peter Schmidt.
In 2004 it was accredited by ACQUIN.^[1](http://www.acquin.org/)^
Prof. Klaus ten Hagen was elected as the new president in 2004.
From 2007 it had been possible to also immatriculate students from other than the three countries participating in the project. This was especially true of the master course which was focused on an internationally diverse student group.
In 2019, Wrocław University of Technology had to terminate its cooperation with Zittau/Görlitz University of Applied Sciences and TU Liberec. The Rector of Wrocław University of Technology informed the partner institutions in December 2019 that, due to new regulations in the Polish Higher Education Act, Wrocław University of Technology no longer sees itself in a position to continue its participation in the international Neisse University network. No new students were enrolled for the 2019/2020 semester.
## Profile of the university {#profile_of_the_university}
Neisse University has had a special profile by following facts:
- lectures and seminars were held exclusively in the English language
- the site of instruction changed from Liberec in the first to Jelenia Gora in the second and then to Görlitz in the third year
- international students
## Study courses {#study_courses}
- Economics and Computer Science
- BSc. Information and Communication Management
## Faculties
Due to the changing sites, the courses available at the Neisse University belonged to different faculties of the partner institutes
| 350 |
Neisse University
| 0 |
10,103,495 |
# Storheia
**Storheia** is the highest mountain in the Bymarka area of Trondheim Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 565 m tall mountain lies about 3 km east of the village of Langørjan. On clear days, one can stand atop Storheia and see as far as the mountain Snøhetta, about 130 km away. The smaller mountain Gråkallen lies just to the northeast.
## Name
The first element is `{{wikt-lang|no|stor}}`{=mediawiki} which means \"big\" and the last element is the finite form of `{{wikt-lang|no|hei}}`{=mediawiki} which means \"upland\" or \"hill\"
| 87 |
Storheia
| 0 |
10,103,496 |
# Hyde Abbey
**Hyde Abbey** was a medieval Benedictine monastery just outside the walls of Winchester, Hampshire, England. It was dissolved and demolished in 1538 following various acts passed under King Henry VIII to dissolve monasteries and abbeys (see Dissolution of the Monasteries). The Abbey was once known to have housed the remains of King Alfred the Great, his son, King Edward the Elder, and his wife, Ealhswith. Following its dissolution these remains were lost; however, excavations of the Abbey and the surrounding area continue.
## History
When Alfred the Great re-founded the royal city of Winchester in about 880, the Saxon cathedral and the royal palace stood at the heart of the city. As the city grew, land was purchased in the city in the last year of Alfred\'s reign, and work was begun on the New Minster, beside the Old Minster, under the direction of Edward the Elder. When it was sufficiently complete, about 903, it was consecrated and fully endowed; the abbot Grimbald (died 8 July 901), a learned monk of St Bertin at St Omer in Flanders, was instated and the body of Alfred was re-interred in the new structure.
Several further members of the royal house were also interred in the New Minster. The gift in 1041 by Queen Emma, widow of Cnut, of the head of Saint Valentine was cherished as one of the most valuable possessions of the now-reformed Benedictine house.
In 1109 Henry I ordered the New Minster to be removed to the suburb of Hyde Mead, to the north of the city walls, just outside the gate; when the new abbey church of Hyde was consecrated in 1110, the bodies of Alfred, his wife Ealhswith, and his son Edward the Elder were carried in state through Winchester to be interred once more before the high altar. Their royal presence made Hyde Abbey a popular pilgrimage destination.
In 1141 the church suffered damage when Winchester was burned during The Anarchy arising from conflict between supporters of King Stephen and Matilda, and it had to be substantially rebuilt. Henceforward the abbey prospered and acquired considerable land in the area, until it was dissolved in 1539 by Henry VIII at the dissolution of the monasteries, and the surviving monks pensioned. The buildings were rapidly disassembled for their building materials and anything else of value. Survivors from the lost library are the cartulary (conserved in the British Library), the late-13th or early-14th century breviary and the *Liber vitae*, the book of the men and women this Benedictine community remembered in prayer.
Three years later, when the antiquary John Leland visited the site in 1542 the Abbey was already a thing of the past. \"In this suburbe stoode the great abbay of Hyde...\", he commented. \"The bones of Alfredus, King of the West-Saxons, and of Edward his sunne and king, were translatid from Newanministre, and layid in a tumbe before the high altare at Hyde.\"
For 250 years, from 1538 until 1788, the choir end of Hyde Abbey, where Alfred and his family members were buried, was gradually forgotten about. Other parts of the abbey precinct were developed, notably the southwest corner which became a grand house. The lower eastern area, adjacent to the stream, seems to have been largely turned over to rough grazing although there are indications that it was also heaped with mounds of rubble.
In 1788 the land was taken over by the county authorities as the site of a small local prison. The convicts were put to work digging the foundations and in doing so, they started to come across a number of subterranean graves on the abbey site. One observer was the local Catholic priest Dr. Milner who wrote:
> Miscreants couch amidst the ashes of our Alfreds and Edwards.....In digging for the foundations of that mournful edifice \[the bridewell\] at almost every stroke of the mattock or spade some ancient sepulchre was violated, the venerable contents of which were treated with marked indignity, A great number of stone coffins were dug up, with a variety of curious articles, such as chalices, patens, rings, buckles, the leather of shoes and boots, velvet and gold belonging to chasubles and other vestments as also the crook, rims and joints of a beautiful crozier, double gilt.
Today all that remains is the gatehouse that commanded the entrance between inner and outer precincts of the Abbey, an arch that used to span the abbey millstream and the church built for use of pilgrims and lay-brothers (now the nave and chancel of St Bartholomew\'s Parish Church).
## Burials
- Alfred the Great (lost)
- Edward the Elder (lost)
- Ealhswith (lost)
| 776 |
Hyde Abbey
| 0 |
10,103,496 |
# Hyde Abbey
## Archeological excavations {#archeological_excavations}
In the 19th century, a local antiquary carried out excavations on the site and claimed to have found the remains of King Alfred the Great, whose crypt had been ransacked for valuables and whose bones were reburied outside St Bartholomew\'s church, Hyde, in a simple grave.
In 1999 further archaeological excavations took place. The notes record that:
> The 1999 excavations consisted of four trenches designed to gain as much information as possible about the east end of the Abbey Church. \... Two phases of construction were identified. The church, as built in 1110, was constructed of flint and chalk rubble bonded by a pale brown chalky mortar. \... The choir was defined by the arcade that separated the body of the church from the surrounding ambulatory. \... Pilgrims, visiting shrines and chapels located at the east end of the church, would have walked along the ambulatory alongside the choir. One such chapel, projecting from the south side of the church, consisted of a small rectangular room with an apsidal east end. Part of a second chapel, of similar plan, was identified to the north of the church.
>
> The original east end of the 1110 church consisted of a small chapel that had been rebuilt in the late 12th or early 13th century using a pale, honey coloured, fine-grained limestone bonded by a hard orange mortar.
>
> The stratigraphic sequence suggests that the original chapel was standing while the new structure was built. It was demolished on completion of the work, possibly to limit the interruption to services. The date of construction is uncertain, but it may be associated with the programme spurred on by the \'miraculous events\' that occurred at the shrine of St. Barnabas in 1182.
>
> \....Directly in front of the high altar was a group of deep intercutting pits that represent past attempts to find the tomb of Alfred the Great. At the dissolution of the Abbey in 1539, graves in front of the high altar are said to have produced small lead tablets bearing the names Alfred and Edward. No archaeological trace of this first recorded breaching has survived, but subsequent discoveries suggest that the graves were left intact. Within a year the church and cloisters were demolished and the site of the church was lost from the landscape. However, late 18th century maps show that the site was littered with mounds of rubble\....
>
> A few years after the event, the site was visited by Captain Howard, a noted antiquarian, who was aware of the discoveries made by Henry VIII\'s Commissioners. He interviewed Mr Page, the Prison Warden, who told him that during works in the Governor\'s garden the site of the high altar was found, with three graves located before it.
>
> The coffin thought to be Alfred\'s was made of a single block of stone encased with lead. He was also told of its fate -- the prisoners threw the bones about, broke up the coffin and sold the lead. Then the original grave pit was dug deeper to the level of the water table, and the broken coffin reburied.
>
> The earliest pit in the area accords well with Page\'s description. It extended across the full width of the high altar area and had been dug down to the water table\.... Slight hints of earlier cuts were found that might represent the three royal tombs.
## Property
In 1086, the Domesday Book recorded holdings of land at Addeston, Collingbourne, Pewsey, Manningford and Chisledon, all in Wiltshire. The former name Collingbourne Abbot\'s and the present-day Manningford Abbots reflect this connection
| 612 |
Hyde Abbey
| 1 |
10,103,501 |
# Matball
**Matball**, known in some areas as **Big Base**, is a sport, usually played indoors and sometimes outdoors. Matball is a safe haven game (sometimes termed a bat-and-ball game, despite the lack of a bat) similar to kickball, but with the key difference that bases are larger, often gym mats (giving the names \"matball\" and \"big base\"), and multiple runners can be on each base.
## Object
The object of Matball is similar to kickball in which there are two opposing teams, each trying to score by kicking the ball and then running the bases (represented by mats) successfully. The team with the most runs scored is the declared the winner.
## Rules
Although rule details vary from site to site, and even from game to game, there are a few standard rules.
The game is very similar to kickball, with one team kicking (sometimes called \"batting\" despite the lack of bats) and the other team fielding. The primary difference is that, rather than small bases intended for a single runner per base, large bases that can accommodate multiple runners are used, giving the game its names, \"big base\" or \"matball\" (when played indoors, in a gym, mats are often used for the bases). As a result of allowing multiple runners, usually unlimited, per base, there are usually no force-outs, although some variants limit the number of runners per base and allow force-outs. In some cases, a kicking team is retired after a set number of outs (often three or five), but in other cases outs are not counted, and play continues until all members of the kicking team have kicked, ensuring that everyone gets to participate. The number of innings varies, often changing even from game to game, to fit the game to an allotted time; when outs are not counted each inning is longer, and so fewer innings are played.
As in kickball, a ball is put in play when the pitcher rolls it to home base and the kicker kicks it into the designated field of play. The kicker must then run to at least first base. In most cases, when a player steps off a mat, sometimes just with one foot, that player must continue to the next base, though an exception is often made for an incoming runner whose momentum carries them a step or two beyond the base. Outs occur when a pop-fly is caught, the ball beats the runner to first base on the initial kick, a runner is touched by the ball while not on base, or runners do not tag-up after a pop-fly is caught.
Because there is no standard field of play, rules about fair and foul balls and home runs vary widely. Common variants include the following:
- A ball kicked behind home plate is a foul.
- A ball that hits the gym ceiling before travelling a certain distance forward is often a foul or an automatic out.
- Gym doors in front of home plate (in the fielding area) are sometimes left open, and a ball travelling through the doors may continue to be live, forcing the fielding team to retrieve it, or such a ball may be designated a home run.
- Hitting certain parts of the gym, such as balconies or upper levels, may be designated a home run.
- Hitting certain elements of the gym, such as a scoreboard or basketball backboard, may be designated a home run. In some cases a basketball backboard is in play, and only balls passing through the basket result in home runs.
- To avoid damage, hitting certain elements of the gym, such as a scoreboard, may be designated as an automatic out.
Common variants include the following:
- The pitcher may be a member of the kicking team rather than the fielding team, to ensure easy pitches to put the ball into play.
- Scoring a run often requires passing home base and safely reaching first base, or even making two full base circuits.
- In such games, home base is often not a safe haven, and runners must tag home base and continue immediately to first base.
- When two full circuits are required, runners passing home base are often required to grab a flag or rag, to make it clear which base runners are on their first circuit and which are on their second.
- Some schools use four bases in a square or rectangle, rather than the traditional softball diamond, with the kicker standing between the first and fourth bases.
- Instead of a catch counting as an out, it is sometimes counted as a point against the kicking team\'s score, decreasing the score by however many pop-fly catches are made.
- Instead of a home run, kicks to designated areas or beyond the field of play may result in one point for the kicking team and the advancement of all on-base runners to third base.
- Forward kicks that fail to travel a certain distance may be designated foul, to eliminate the need for a catcher and remove the option of bunting.
- Schools might also implement the rule of \"No-catch outs\", meaning a ball is not out if it\'s caught
- Runners may be allowed to travel clockwise or counterclockwise. However, once a runner starts they must continue in the same direction.
- Runners must reverse direction after touching home plate. Scoring requires a runner to touch all the bases going counterclockwise and then clockwise back to home base.
- Obstacles may be placed in the base paths.
- Runners might be required to complete a certain activity at each base, such as a specific exercise, before they can resume running.
- As each kicker puts the ball in play, a second player also begins a base run.
- You can bunt a kicked ball like in volleyball until a certain defensive player (sometimes called an all-star) catches it. If the ball happens to touch the ground, the ball is still live
| 1,001 |
Matball
| 0 |
10,103,507 |
# Bangla TV
**Bangla TV** (*বাংলা টিভি*) is a Bengali-language satellite television channel based in the United Kingdom and Bangladesh. It was established in the United Kingdom on 16 September 1999, targeting Bengali audiences both there and in Europe. It commenced transmissions in Bangladesh on 19 May 2017.
## History
Established on 16 September 1999 by Feroze Khan, Bangla TV is the first Bengali language television channel launched in the United Kingdom, and later added to Sky UK on November. It operated as a subscription-only channel until 2005, following the arrival of Channel S, a rival channel providing a free-to-air service targeting its programming specifically for the Bengali Sylheti community in the United Kingdom. Following the launch of Channel S, Bangla TV also switched over to a non-subscription based model and to date have been providing the service free.
In November 2013, Bangla TV gained a license from the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission to broadcast in Bangladesh. It had also received its frequency allocation in January 2015, and officially began broadcasting in that country on 19 May 2017. In July 2017, Bangla TV, along with four other television channels in Bangladesh, signed an agreement with UNICEF to air children\'s programming for one minute. On 19 May 2019, Bangla TV, along with six other channels, began broadcasting via the Bangabandhu-1 satellite after signing an agreement with BSCL.
### Temporary removals {#temporary_removals}
Bangla TV was removed from Sky channel 786 on 1 July 2010, before returning on 9 July, no explanation was provided. Bangla TV was again removed from the Sky EPG during December 2010 before being found in serious breach of Ofcom rules. The channel returned again on 17 June 2011, under new management. Bangla TV was again removed from the Sky EPG during December 2013 and January 2014 before returning on 10 February 2014. It was again removed on 7 August 2014 and continues to have intermittent TV transmission
| 319 |
Bangla TV
| 0 |
10,103,509 |
# IFK Vänersborg
**IFK Vänersborg** is a Swedish sports club in Vänersborg, Sweden, most famous for its success in bandy.
## History
The club was formed on 9 March 1903. The first years saw the club also compete in sports such as gymnastics and athletics.
In bandy, the club played in Allsvenskan for the first time during the 1975--76 season. The club was degraded and did not return until the 1982--83 season. The club was once again degraded, and was not upgraded until the 1986--87 season. Since then, the club has stayed in the top league, now called Elitserien.
During the 2014 World Cup the team played the final, losing 1--4 against Västerås SK.
The club has one of the more modern indoor arenas for bandy, the Arena Vänersborg, inaugurated in 2009. The former home field of the club, the outdoor bandy rink Vänersborgs isstadion, is still in use for other bandy teams in Vänersborg
| 155 |
IFK Vänersborg
| 0 |
10,103,518 |
# Noironte
**Noironte** (`{{IPA|fr|nwaʁɔ̃t}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
Noironte is an old seigneurie erected during the Middle Ages that saw the village developed around a castle. The village has always kept a rural character with agricultural activity still present in the early twenty-first century, mainly cattle breeding, polyculture and a cheese factory. Its landscape is also marked by the presence of ponds and forests that cover a large part of the communal territory. Since the end of World War II, however, the village is gradually becoming part of a process of peri-urbanisation because it is part of the urban area of Besançon and since 2003 has joined Grand Besançon Métropole urban community.
## Geography
The commune of Noironte is located in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region and in the north-western extremity of the departement of Doubs. It lies 11.5 km west of Besançon, prefecture of the department and 64 km east of Dijon, the capital of the region. The shortest distance by road between the village center and the city center of Besançon (Place du Huit-Septembre) is 14 km. It is at the limit of the lower valley of the river Ognon and the Jura Mountains area of Avants-Monts. It is part of the canton of Besançon-2 and Grand Besançon Métropole. It is also integrated in the functional urban area of Besançon. The municipal territory is bordered by nine other municipalities.
## Population
Its inhabitants called *Noirontais* and *oirontaises* in French.
## Landmarks
The Château de Noironte is a castle whose existence dates back to the fourteenth century and was completely rebuilt between 1786 and 1830 following a fire. It has undergone few transformations since. Located in the center of the village, within a large wooded park, it consists of a main building, old farm buildings, a dovecote and a pavilion that served as a sculpture workshop for René de Chateaubrun at the beginning of the 20th century. The main building itself is made up of two wings arranged in the shape of an L, the north wing comprising a square tower and the east wing being flanked by a round tower. By order of July 5, 1993, the rooms in the north wing and their decorations (dining room, library, billiard room, large white living room) were classified as *monuments historiques*. All the facades and roofs of the main building and outbuildings as well as several elements of the main building (grand staircase, fireplaces and alcoves) benefit from less protection, having simply been listed and not classified as *monuments historiques* by decree of June 17, 1992.
The Saint-Martin church was built from 1855 to 1880 under the leadership of architect Martin Belliard, replacing the old chapel dedicated to St. John the Baptist. It is a neo-Gothic building about thirty meters long by fifteen meters wide built at the eastern entrance to the village. The bell tower of the church of Noironte, with a height of 39 meters, presents an original architecture, quite far from the traditional Comtois bell tower in the region. It is a spire with a truncated octagonal pyramid shape, framed by four pinnacles and surmounted by a roof lantern and a cross. Among the church furnishings is a carved wooden pulpit from the 18th century classified since 1975 as a historic monument object, a tall twisted wooden column from the 17th or 18th century, and two wooden confessionals
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# Ultratop 50 number-one hits of 1998
These hits topped the Ultratop 50 in 1998
| 15 |
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| 0 |
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# Kigumo
**Kigumo** is a village in Muranga County, Kenya, 15 kilometres west of Maragua town and 30 kilometres south of Othaya, and 10 kilometers north of the small town of Kandara. Kigumo village is between two other villages, Karega village at the east and Mariira village at the west.
It was part of Muranga District until 1996, when Maragua District was split from Muranga District. Kigumo was made the headquarters of *Kigumo division*, which is one of four administrative divisions of Maragua District. Kigumo division has the following three locations: Kangari, Kigumo and Kinyona. Kigumo is located within Maragua County Council. Kigumo Division was later made a district with its headquarters at Kigumo town. In 2010, these districts were merged into Muranga County.
## Politics
The Kigumo Constituency is one of three electoral constituencies in Maragua District.
## Economy
The area\'s main economic activities are: tea and coffee farming and dairy cattle rearing, among others.
## Notable people {#notable_people}
Kigumo is the birthplace of John Ngugi
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# KY postcode area
The **KY postcode area**, also known as the **Kirkcaldy postcode area**, is a group of sixteen postcode districts in eastern Scotland, within thirteen post towns. These cover most of Fife (including Kirkcaldy, Dunfermline, Glenrothes, St Andrews, Anstruther, Burntisland, Cowdenbeath, Cupar, Inverkeithing, Kelty, Leven and Lochgelly), plus the far south of Perth and Kinross (including Kinross itself).
Mail for the KY postcode area is processed at Edinburgh Mail Centre, along with mail for the EH, PH, DD, FK and TD postcode areas.
\_\_TOC\_\_
## Coverage
The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:
\|- ! KY1 \| KIRKCALDY \| Kirkcaldy (east), Dysart, Thornton, Wemyss \| Fife \|- ! KY2 \| KIRKCALDY \| Kirkcaldy (west), Auchtertool \| Fife \|- ! KY3 \| BURNTISLAND \| Burntisland, Kinghorn, Aberdour \| Fife \|- ! rowspan=\"2\"\|KY4 \| COWDENBEATH \| Cowdenbeath, Hill of Beath, Crossgates \| rowspan=\"2\"\|Fife \|- \| KELTY \| Kelty \|- ! KY5 \| LOCHGELLY \| Lochgelly, Cardenden, Ballingry, Kinglassie \| Fife \|- ! KY6 \| GLENROTHES \| Glenrothes (west), Leslie, Kinnesswood \| Fife, Perth and Kinross \|- ! KY7 \| GLENROTHES \| Glenrothes (centre and east), Markinch, Star \| Fife \|- ! KY8 \| LEVEN \| Leven, Buckhaven, Methil, Methilhill, Largo, Windygates, Kennoway \| Fife \|- ! KY9 \| LEVEN \| Earlsferry, Elie, Kilconquhar, Largoward \| Fife \|- ! KY10 \| ANSTRUTHER \| Anstruther, Cellardyke, Kilrenny, Pittenweem, St Monans, Crail, Arncroach \| Fife \|- ! rowspan=\"2\"\|KY11 \| DUNFERMLINE \| Dunfermline (south and east), Rosyth, Dalgety Bay, Limekilns, Charlestown \| rowspan=\"2\"\|Fife \|- \| INVERKEITHING \| Inverkeithing, North Queensferry \|- ! KY12 \| DUNFERMLINE \| Dunfermline (centre, north and west), Rumbling Bridge, Culross \| Fife \|- ! KY13 \| KINROSS \| Kinross, Milnathort, Balado, Scotlandwell \| Perth and Kinross \|- ! KY14 \| CUPAR \| Newburgh, Gateside \| Fife, Perth and Kinross \|- ! KY15 \| CUPAR \| Cupar, Ceres, Kilmany, Strathmiglo, Falkland, Ladybank, Freuchie, Kingskettle \| Fife \|- ! KY16 \| ST. ANDREWS \| St Andrews, Kingsbarns, Dunino, Guardbridge, St
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# Swan Land District
**Swan Land District** is one of the land districts of Western Australia, which is located within the South West Division. It covers all of the northern and eastern suburbs of Perth, as well as some inner southern areas such as Belmont and Applecross (but not South Perth) and the area to the north up to the Moore River, including Muchea and Gingin. It is bounded on the north by the Melbourne Land District; on the east by Avon Land District; and on the south by Canning Land District. The Swan district is also famous for wine-growing and is one of Australia\'s oldest wine growing regions.
## Locations
It is subdivided into locations, including:
- Location F-M, which extend west in long, narrow strips from the Swan River at Caversham, and were granted in 1829.
- Location U-Z, extending northwest in narrow strips from the Swan River at Maylands, also granted in 1829.
- Location Au, which covers the inner northern suburbs of Balcatta, Osborne Park and Tuart Hill.
- Location 1315, which extends from northern Hamersley to Lake Goollelal, and west to the coast.
- Location 1352, a rural location past the northern suburban limits of Perth.
- Location 1370, a vast location extending from Hillarys to north of Yanchep
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# Santry River
**Santry River** (*Abhainn Sheantraibh*) is a small watercourse on the north side of Dublin city, one of the forty or so watercourses monitored by Dublin City Council. It runs, mostly unculverted, from Harristown and Dubber near Dublin Airport, through Santry and Coolock, reaching the sea at Raheny, in a lagoon area inshore of Bull Island.
## Course
The Santry River rises at an elevation of c. 80m, in the semi-rural areas of Harristown and Dubber in the part of County Dublin now part of the local government area of Fingal, near the village of St. Margaret\'s and Dublin Airport. The lead branch can be found at the end of a small lane in the former Harristown Demesne, now cut off by new road development. The river then flows along to the south of Dublin Airport (from which some tributary streams enter it), near the new Dublin Bus Harristown depot. With the Dubber branch, it passes for most of its upper course out in the open, flowing through Sillogue Public Golf Course and the northern fringe of Ballymun; up to this point, the main channel is sometimes called Quinn\'s River.
The river traverses Santry, where it forms a major feature of the former Santry Demesne, including the pond within what is now a public park adjacent to multiple housing and commercial developments. It then passes in turn under the old airport road and the M1 motorway. In Coolock, the river forms a central feature in the valley which cuts through the district, and features a pond, sometimes **Coolock Lake**, and a small cascade, running past the Stardust Memorial Park, and through the grounds of Cadbury\'s Ireland, where there is an EPA monitoring station and a tumulus on its banks, just before it passes under the Malahide Road.
The Santry passes the site of a covered holy well and enters Raheny near the beginning of Tonlegee Road, flowing alongside the Edenmore lands and past St. Joseph\'s Hospital. It continues through the village centre, alongside the grounds of Manor House School, and then, with two areas of culverting, at the beginning and end of the former Bettyglen Estate, and reaches the sea alongside a surface water outfall. Its mouth forms part of the eastern \"lagoon\" behind North Bull Island. The flow crosses mudflats and salt marsh to enter Sutton Creek. The lower stretch of the river is occasionally noted as \"Raheny River\", for example in provisions made by Lord Ardiluan allowing for the construction of the former coastal tramline.
### Drainage link from Naniken River {#drainage_link_from_naniken_river}
The dotted line on the above sketch is an artificial link made by Dublin Corporation between the Santry River and the Naniken River, to reduce the flow of the latter and to allow handling of any flooding in either watercourse. It runs at the western end of Kilmore West in Coolock.
## Nearby catchments {#nearby_catchments}
In its upper reaches, the Santry drainage basin is bordered by that of the Wad River, which comes to the sea at the city end of Clontarf, and that of the Mayne River system, which concludes at Baldoyle Bay. Citywards, the Naniken basin lies closer to the city, while to the north and east two small streams drain parts of Edenmore and Raheny; these two watercourses are the Fox Stream, reaching the sea at the end of Fox\'s Lane, and the Blackbanks Stream, with its mouth where Howth Road and the James Larkin Road meet.
## History
There was once a watermill, sometimes described as \"The Mill of Raheny\" on Watermill Road near the coast, and just downstream a small stone quay by the river\'s mouth. The area including the mouths of the Naniken and Santry was for a time known as Raheny Strand, and oysters were sometimes harvested there.
The river may, in whole or part, have been known as Skillings Glas.
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# Santry River
## Studies
As part of the management of the river, the Santry river was one of the \"third tier\" rivers numerically mapped within the Greater Dublin Strategic Drainage Study, with floodplain hydraulics computed (the other rivers being the Carrickmines, Deansgrange or Kill of the Grange, Poddle, Camac, Finglas and Mayne, along with one of the two second-tier waterways, the Tolka).
## Incidents
The Santry river has been noted for pollution incidents over the years, with industrial effluent and building material the most common causes (some of the latter once caused the main pond by the Stardust Memorial to be drained and reformed). There is a motorbike in the river in Stardust Memorial Park
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# Ace Kefford
**Christopher John**\"**Ace**\"**Kefford** (born 10 December 1946) is an English bassist and founding member of The Move.
## The Move {#the_move}
He was the co-founder of The Move in October 1965 with Trevor Burton, after meeting David Bowie at Birmingham\'s Cedar Club, following a performance by Bowie\'s band Davy Jones and the Lower Third. The duo invited Roy Wood, then Carl Wayne and Bev Bevan to join and complete the classic Move line-up.
Kefford\'s mid-1968 departure from The Move came after a period of heavy gigging and experimentation with LSD, and a nervous breakdown following a package tour with The Jimi Hendrix Experience and Pink Floyd, which took the form of a panic attack.
Wayne believed that the start of The Move\'s downfall was Kefford\'s departure, because it placed guitarist Trevor Burton into the vulnerable position of having to play more instruments, and the band could well have survived if they had recruited a keyboardist to replace Kefford. Wood recalled of Kefford, \"Ever since the day we formed none of us really got on very well with him. He was a very strange person. He was very aggressive and Ace and Trevor \[Burton\] used to have a lot of fights all the time.\"
## Later works {#later_works}
After leaving The Move, Kefford embarked on a solo album with record producer, Tony Visconti, at the Olympic and Trident Studios in London. Eight songs were recorded, including a cover of Simon & Garfunkel\'s \"Save the Life of My Child\", featuring Jimmy Page on guitar. However, Kefford suffered a breakdown during the project and walked out, with the album remaining unreleased until 2003 (as *Ace The Face*, Sanctuary Records).
Kefford formed The Ace Kefford Stand in 1968, which included guitarist Dave Ball, bassist Denny Ball, and drummer Cozy Powell.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Kefford\'s later life has been plagued by alcohol, drugs, suicide attempts, and time spent in psychiatric facilities
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# Gråkallen
**Gråkallen** is a mountain in the Bymarka area of Trondheim Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 552 m tall mountain is located in the Byåsen part of the city of Trondheim.
The summit is covered by an abandoned fenced military installation. Below the summit (on the col to the right of the summit above the lake) there is a ski station accessible by bus from Trondheim. In the summer, the ski runs through the pine forests allow hiking and mountain biking back to the city below.
## Name
The first element is `{{wikt-lang|no|grå}}`{=mediawiki} which means \"grey\" and the last element is the finite form of `{{wikt-lang|no|kall}}`{=mediawiki} which means \"old man\". (It is common in Norway to compare mountains with old men
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# Orange Records
**Orange Records** (self-identified as \"***ORANGE***\") is a British record label, founded in 1969 by Cliff Cooper. He had previously established Orange Amps in 1968, which gained recognition for its guitar amplifiers. Cooper was also owner of Orange Studios. In his studio prospective young artists produced demos, and the record company was born.
## History
Cooper\'s record label design initially used a \"Voice of the World\" logo with a stylish full-colour sleeve. The first band to be signed and recorded under the label were Growth, a psychedelic influenced blues rock band well known in London. They recorded a self titled album which was not released.
Orange signed a contract with a group called the Influence, which included John Miles. It was this group that provided Orange Records with its first release on 7 November 1969 titled \"I Want To Live\". The single didn\'t make the top ten, but it launched John\'s career.
At the same time, the label released a duo group called Contrast, featuring Roger and Christine Jeffrey. \"Hey That\'s No Way To Say Goodbye\" was their first single. Other releases from the early 1970s included \"Ned Kelly\" by Brian Chalker (1970) and \"Candy Girl\" by The Pal Brothers (1973).
Cooper negotiated pressing and distribution deals with other labels. In 1972 *Billboard* magazine reported on a new distribution agreement between Orange Records and the larger Pye Records label; \"Orange, the label offshoot of the Orange recording studios, will release John Miles\' \'Come Away MeLinda\'`{{sic}}`{=mediawiki} as its first record through Pye.\"
In the early 1970s, Cooper changed the label\'s logo, opting for a black background with gold lettering. To promote the records Cooper engaged \"Pluggers\" to encourage airplay, and Cliff admits to being one of them. This gave him an insight in the record promotion and networking process, and he made a lot of good friends in the business. It was a tough business, though, and the promotion side was very expensive. Even now Cliff gets many requests to re-release those early records. Top DJ, Emperor Rosko still calls asking Cliff to bring out the entire Orange Records back catalogue.
## Some productions {#some_productions}
Some of the releases from later years include *BIG BAND JOHN/Tribute to the Rat Pack* and *TOM & CATHERINE -- A True Love Story* (1999), both featuring recordings from John Miles of different eras
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# Boxing at the 1990 Commonwealth Games
Final results for the **boxing** competition at the **1990 Commonwealth Games** in Auckland, New Zealand, from 24 January to 3 February.
## Light flyweight (-- 48 kg) {#light_flyweight_48_kg}
RANK Name athlete COUNTRY
------ ---------------------- ---------
Justin Juuko UGA
Abdurahman Ramadhani KEN
Domenic Figliomeni CAN
Dharmendar Yadav IND
## Flyweight (-- 51 kg) {#flyweight_51_kg}
Rank Name athlete Country
------ --------------------- ---------
Wayne McCullough NIR
Nokuthula Tshabangu ZIM
Born Siwakwi ZAM
Maurice Maina KEN
## Bantamweight (-- 54 kg) {#bantamweight_54_kg}
Rank Name athlete Country
------ ------------------ ---------
Mohammed Sabo NGA
Geronimo Bie CAN
Justin Chikwanda ZAM
Wesley Christmas GUY
## Featherweight (-- 57 kg) {#featherweight_57_kg}
Rank Name athlete Country
------ ----------------- ---------
John Irwin ENG
Haji Ally TAN
David Gakuha KEN
James Nicholson AUS
## Lightweight (-- 60 kg) {#lightweight_60_kg}
Rank Name athlete Country
------ ----------------- ---------
Godfrey Nyakana UGA
Justin Rowsell AUS
Bakari Mambeya TAN
David Anderson SCO
## Light welterweight (-- 63.5 kg) {#light_welterweight_63
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# Lady Eleanor
**\"Lady Eleanor\"** is a song written by Alan Hull, featured on the first Lindisfarne album, *Nicely Out of Tune*. Initially released as a single in May 1971, it failed to chart. In 1972, following the success of the band\'s single \"Meet me on the Corner\" (which reached No. 5 in the UK), and the highly successful second album *Fog on the Tyne*, it was re-released and became their second consecutive hit single, reaching Number 3 in the UK charts. Its B-Side was \"Nothing But the Marvellous is Beautiful\".
The song features the folk rock band Lindisfarne\'s characteristic combination of mandolin playing (by Ray Jackson) and close harmony singing. Its lyrics are inspired by Edgar Allan Poe\'s short stories \"Eleonora\" and \"The Fall of the House of Usher\".
The verse is in the key of B minor, while the chorus is in the relative key of D major. Simon Cowe\'s lead guitar work betrays the influence of Peter Green, while the song\'s instrumental coda - like Green\'s hit composition \"Man of the World\" - ends on a D major sixth chord.
## Charts
+-------------------------------+----------+
| Chart (1971/72) | Peak\ |
| | position |
+===============================+==========+
| UK (Official Charts Company) | 3 |
+-------------------------------+----------+
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 45 |
+-------------------------------+----------+
| Canada (RPM) | 68 |
+-------------------------------+----------+
| USA (Billboard 100) | 83 |
+-------------------------------+----------+
| | |
+-------------------------------+----------+
## Cover versions {#cover_versions}
The song has been covered by a number of acts, including Caterina Caselli, American Gypsy and Lemon
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# Ultratop 50 number-one hits of 1997
These hits topped the Ultratop 50 in 1997
| 15 |
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| 0 |
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# Lucas Thwala
**Lucas Bongane Thwala** (born 19 October 1981 in Nelspruit) is a retired South African football defender who last played for SuperSport United in the Premier Soccer League.
Thwala was born in Jeppe\'s Reef Malalane
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# List of Tagalog literary works
This is a **list of Tagalog literary works**.
## Notable literary works {#notable_literary_works}
- *Manga Panalanging Pagtatagobilin sa Caloloua nang Tauong Naghihingalo* by Gaspar Aquino de Belen, 1703.
- *Florante at Laura* (Florante and Laura) by Francisco Balagtas, 1838.
- *Urbana at Feliza* (Urbana and Feliza) by Modesto de Castro, 1854.
- *Banaag at Sikat* (From Early Dawn to Full Light)\" by Lope K. Santos, 1906.
- *Ang Huling Timawa* by Servando de Los Angeles, 1936.
- *Kayumanggi at Iba Pang Mga Tula* by Amado V. Hernandez, 1940.
- *Timawa* (Free Person/Slave) by Agustin Fabian, 1953.
- *Luha ng Buwaya* by Amado V. Hernandez, 1963.
- *Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag* (In the Claws of Brightness) by Edgardo M. Reyes, 1966--1967.
- *Dekada \'70* by Lualhati Bautista, 1983.
## Writers
- Gaspar Aquino de Belen (fl. 1703)
- Francisco Balagtas (1788--1862)
- Lualhati Bautista (1945--2023)
- José de la Cruz (1746--1829)
- Agustin Fabian (1901--1976)
- Lázaro A. Francisco (1898--1980)
- Bienvenido Lumbera (1932--2021)
- Rolando Tinio (1937--1997)
- Jose Bernardino Capino
- Rene O
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# Giacomo Benevelli
**Giacomo Benevelli** (1925 in Reggio Emilia, North of Italy -- July 13, 2011 in Pavia, Italy) was an Italian and French sculptor. He was brought up in France. He lived and studied in Nice, Paris, Rome, Aix-en-Provence, Munich. He mainly lived and worked for over forty years in Milan.
## Biography
He was the nephew of Anselmo Govi, a painter from Reggio Emilia, who painted the fresco of the dome of the Ariosto Theatre. Benevelli was a member of the Tiberina Academy, an ancient and prestigious institution founded in 1813 with the aim to promote Italian arts and letters; Antonio Canova and Marino Marini belonged to the same institution. Benevelli was awarded the Gold Medal of Merit in the Fine Arts by the Italian Government Presidency for his contributions to the arts.
Since 1957 Benevelli exhibited in Italy and worldwide. His first US exhibition was in 1963 at the Felix Landau Gallery in Los Angeles. In 1964 he was invited to the 42nd Venice International Art Biennale with a group of sculptures. In 1966 he was appointed as Head of Sculpture at the Accademia di Brera in Milan. Between the late 1960s and the early 1970s he created a series of lamp-sculpture, the most famous is the Roto lamp (1970s) and Arabesque (late 1960s). In 2009 he started a collaboration with the worldwide design and furniture brand Natuzzi in the newly created Natuzzi Open Art, a space dedicated to the collaboration between art and design. Benevelli created a new line of art-objects which first premiered at the Cologne Trade Fair (imm Cologne Furniture and Design fair), Salone del Mobile (Milan International Design Fair) and at the AD Home Show in New York (2010).
In 1993 he realized a bronze sculpture called \"Teleios\", which can be seen in Piazzale Loreto in Milan.
In 2000 the city of Mantua organized a major exhibition of his works in the museum of the historical Casa del Mantegna. A book was published by Edizioni Casa del Mantegna on this occasion.
In 2001, he exhibited his works in the historical Palazzo Isimbardi during an exhibition organized by the city of Milan.
During the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in Torino he was invited to take part at the Italian Sculpture Exhibition at the Palazzina di Stupinigi.
He realised a number of sacred art works for contemporary and ancient churches, and his works are preserved in numerous public and private collections in Italy and worldwide including at the Royal Museum of Fine Arts in Antwerp and at The British Museum in London
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# Johann Anton André
**Johann Anton André** (6 October 1775 -- 6 April 1842) was a German composer and music publisher of the Classical period, best known for his central place in Mozart research.
## Life
Born in Offenbach am Main, André wrote operas, symphonies, masses, and lieder, as well as an unfinished **Lehrbuch der Tonsetzkunst** (*Textbook of the Art of Composition*) in two volumes. His teachers were Ferdinand Frenzel (violin) and Johann Georg Vollweiler (theory and composition). In 1799, André purchased a large volume of Mozart\'s musical papers (the **Mozart-Nachlass**) from the composer\'s widow Constanze, and brought them to Offenbach. This collection contained over 270 autographs and included the operas *The Marriage of Figaro* and *The Magic Flute*, a series of string quartets and string quintets, several piano concertos, and *Eine kleine Nachtmusik*. Based on these autographs, the André publishing house (founded in 1774 by André\'s father Johann André (1741--99) and still owned by the family today) prepared and issued some highly respected editions of Mozart\'s works, bringing many compositions into print for the first time. For this, André earned the title \"father of Mozart research\". He supplied the title *Zaide* to Mozart\'s hitherto unnamed and incomplete singspiel. André\'s father Johann André had set the same text to music, before Mozart commenced his singspiel.
The success of the firm turned crucially upon a meeting in Munich in 1799 between André and Alois Senefelder, the inventor of lithography. Senefelder agreed to collaborate with André and granted his firm the right of applying the new printing method to the printing of music for the first time. The first lithographed score was the vocal score of André\'s own opera **Die Weiber von Weinsberg**, which came off the press in 1800. In 1839, André handed over the business to his son Johann August André (1817--87)
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# Daniel Krige
**Daniel Krige** (born 16 July 1970) is a writer, director and actor.
## Early life {#early_life}
Born in Cape Town, South Africa, he grew up in Australia. Krige began working as a writer at the age of sixteen for Grundy Television.
Krige attended the Australian Film Television and Radio School with Dion Beebe, Rowan Woods, Samantha Lang, Peter Duncan, and Robert Connolly.
## Career
Krige began to direct and act at the age of 21. While at the Australian Film, TV and radio school (AFTRS) as a writing student, he wrote the screenplay for the film *The Door* (1992), from a story by fellow student Josie Keys, who directed the film. It received the Golden Hugo for Best Student Drama at the Chicago International Film Festival in 1993.
He continued his early successes by writing and directing (and even starring in some of) the short films, *Our Feral Friends* (1994), *Fuckwit* (1994), and *Happily Ever After* (1996). John Polson, director of the Tropfest Film Festival, was third assistant director on Krige\'s short film *Fuckwit*.
His film *Happily Ever After* (1996) came second at Australia\'s Tropfest Film Festival.
In 2007, Krige directed his debut feature film entitled *West*. The Age called the film a \"surprisingly effective plot-driven atmosphere piece.\" Johnette Napolitano of Concrete Blonde fame is the main vocalist on the score to *West*. She also sings the title song, \"Falling in Love\"
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# Delinquent Habits (album)
***Delinquent Habits*** is the first studio album by the American hip hop group Delinquent Habits. It was released on June 4, 1996, by RCA, on the RCA/Loud subsidiary, PMP Records. The album was produced by Alejandro \"O.G. Style\" Martinez, except for one track produced by Eric Bobo. It has guest appearances provided by Sen Dog and Hurricane G on the track \"Underground Connection\". The album peaked at number 74 on the US *Billboard* 200 and at number 31 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Two singles were released, \"Tres Delinquentes\" and \"Lower Eastside\".
## Singles
\"Tres Delinquentes\" was released as the album\'s lead single on April 7, 1996. It contains a sample of \"The Lonely Bull\", which was originally written by Sol Lake and performed by Herb Alpert in 1962 on his *The Lonely Bull*. The single reached #35 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100, becoming the first Delinquent Habits\' song in the charts. It also peaked at #61 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, #10 on the Hot Rap Songs, #22 on the Rhythmic Songs and #71 on the Radio Songs charts. Sen Dog of Cypress Hill made a cameo appearance in the music video for \"Tres Delinquentes\".
The second single from the album, \"Lower Eastside\", was released on September 9, 1996. It peaked at #36 on the Hot Rap Songs chart, and also has a music video.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
Sample credits
- \"Tres Delinquentes\"
- \"The Lonely Bull\" by Herb Alpert
- \"3 Lil\' Putos\" by Cypress Hill
- \"Lower Eastside\"
- \"The Champ\" by The Mohawks
- \"Flor De Azalea\" by Juan Torres
- \"Juvy\"
- \"Voices Inside (Everything Is Everything)\" by Donny Hathaway
- \"What It Be Like\"
- \"It\'s Your Thing\" by Cold Grits
- \"S.A.L.T. (Shit Ain\'t Like That)\"
- \"Four Play\" by Fred Wesley and The Horny Horns
- \"I\'m Addicted\"
- \"Is It Him or Me?\" by Jackie Jackson
- \"Hot Pants\" by James Brown
- \"Good Times\"
- \"Lonely Soul\" by Freddie Hubbard
- \"Lay Lady Lay\" by The Byrds
- \"Break \'Em Off\"
- \"Sweeping Through the City\" by The Stovall Sisters
- \"Another Fix\"
- \"This Is Soul\" by Paul Nero
- \"Best of My Love\" by The Emotions
## Personnel
- David L.K. Thomas -- vocals
- Ivan S. Martin -- vocals
- Alejandro R. Martinez -- additional vocals, producer (tracks: 1--5, 7--14)
- Senen Reyes -- executive producer, additional vocals (track 13)
- Gloria Rodriguez -- additional vocals (track 13)
- Eric \"Bobo\" Correa -- producer (track 6)
- Dorian \"Doe\" Johnson -- keyboards (track 4)
- Paul J
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# André Tchaikowsky
**André Tchaikowsky** (also **Andrzej Czajkowski**; born **Robert Andrzej Krauthammer**; November 1, 1935 -- June 26, 1982) was a Polish composer and pianist. In addition to his musical work, he is perhaps best known for bequeathing his skull to the Royal Shakespeare Company for use as Yorick in *Hamlet*.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Robert Andrzej Krauthammer was born in Warsaw in 1935 into a Jewish family. He had shown musical talent from an early age, and his mother, an amateur pianist, taught him the piano from the age of four. When the Second World War broke out, they were moved into the Warsaw Ghetto. Krauthammer remained there until 1942, when he was smuggled out and provided with forged identity papers that renamed him Andrzej Czajkowski. He then went into hiding with his grandmother, Celina. The pair remained hidden until 1944, when they were caught up in the Warsaw Uprising, and they were then sent to Pruszków transit camp as ordinary Polish citizens, from which they were released in 1945. Tchaikowsky\'s father, Karl Krauthammer, also survived the war, and remarried, producing a daughter, Katherine, later Krauthammer-Vogt. Tchaikowsky\'s mother, Felicja Krauthammer (née Rappaport) was confined in the Warsaw Ghetto in 1942, and died in Treblinka.
Andrzej Czajkowski, as he was re-named (he later adopted the spelling *André Tchaikowsky*), resumed his lessons at age 9 in Łodz State School, under the tuition of Emma Altberg (herself once a student of Wanda Landowska). From there, he went to Paris, where Lazare Lévy took over his musical education, and where he would also break off relations with his father for many years following an argument.
After his return to Poland (1950), he studied at the State Music Academy in Sopot under Prof. Olga Iliwicka-Dąbrowska, and later at the State Music Academy in Warsaw under Prof. Stanisław Szpinalski. He began developing his concert career while still a student, displaying his showmanship through public performances of Bach\'s Goldberg Variations, Rachmaninoff\'s Piano Concerto No. 2 and providing listeners with improvisations on various themes. From 1951, he took composition classes with Prof. Kazimierz Sikorski.
After his success at the V International Chopin Piano Competition, where he won the 8th award (1955), Tchaikowsky left to study in Brussels under Polish pianist Stefan Askenase. As a result of his work with Askenase, Tchaikowsky took part in the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition, winning third prize in 1956. That same year, he emigrated to England, where he lived until his death.
In 1957, he gave a series of recitals in Paris, performing all of Ravel\'s compositions for piano in honour of the twentieth anniversary of the French composer\'s death. During the same time, he consulted Nadia Boulanger at Fontainbleau on matters of composition, as well as establishing contact with Arthur Rubinstein.
Despite his success as a pianist, André Tchaikowsky's greatest passion was composition. He wrote two Piano Concertos, a String Quartet, a setting of Shakespeare\'s Seven Sonnets for voice and piano, a Piano Trio and several compositions for piano solo. These included a Piano Sonata in 1958 and a series of ten *Inventions* for piano, composed between 1961 and 1962, dedicated to (and portraits of) a series of friends. The final piece is dedicated to his psychiatrist, Michael Riddall. The English pianist Norma Fisher recorded the *Inventions* for the BBC in 1984.
He also completed an opera, *The Merchant of Venice*, based on Shakespeare\'s play. Most of the opera was written by 1978, and following discussions with the music critic Hans Keller, Tchaikowsky decided to submit it for consideration to English National Opera, then under the directorship of Lord Harewood. A playthrough of the first two acts was arranged in December 1981, with Harewood and the ENO artistic director David Pountney and conductor Mark Elder in attendance. But in March 1982 Tchaikowsky received a letter from Harewood turning the opera down. By this time Tchaikowsky was already seriously ill, and he died only three months later. His dying wish was that the opera be performed. The opera was not produced until 2013 at the Bregenz Festival.
For RCA Victor and Columbia EMI, Tchaikowsky recorded works by Bach (Goldberg Variations), Haydn (two Sonatas, Variations in F minor), Mozart (Concerto in C major, two Sonatas and minor works), Schubert (waltzes, ländlers, German dances), Chopin (15 mazurkas) as well as Fauré (Piano Quartet in C minor). He made several recordings of his own works for the EMI label.
## Skull
Tchaikowsky died of colon cancer at the age of 46 in Oxford. In his will he left his body to medical research, and donated his skull to the Royal Shakespeare Company, asking that it be used as a prop on stage. Tchaikowsky hoped that his skull would be used for the skull of Yorick in productions of *Hamlet*. For many years, no actor or director felt comfortable using a real skull in performances, although it was occasionally used in rehearsals. In 2008, the skull was finally held by David Tennant in a series of performances of *Hamlet* at the Courtyard Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon.
After the use of Tchaikowsky\'s skull was revealed in the press, this production of *Hamlet* moved to the West End and the RSC announced that they would no longer use Tchaikowsky\'s skull (a spokesman said that it would be \"too distracting for the audience\"). However, this was a deception; in fact, the skull was used throughout the production\'s West End run, and in a subsequent television adaptation broadcast on BBC2. Director Gregory Doran said, \"André Tchaikowsky\'s skull was a very important part of our production of *Hamlet*, and despite all the hype about him, he meant a great deal to the company.\"
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# André Tchaikowsky
## Notable compositions {#notable_compositions}
- Piano Concerto No. 1 (1957)
- Sonata for piano (1958)
- Sonata for clarinet and piano, Op. 1 (1959)
- Inventions for piano, Op. 2 (1961--1962)
- String Quartet No. 1 in A major, Op.3 (1969--1970)
- Piano Concerto No. 2, Op. 4 (1966--1971)
- String Quartet No. 2 in C major, Op
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# Givi Chokheli
**Givi Dmitriyevich Chokheli** (`{{lang-ka|გივი ჩოხელი}}`{=mediawiki}; *Гиви Дмитриевич Чохели*) (27 June 1937 in Telavi -- 25 February 1994 in Tbilisi) was a Georgian football defender.
Chokheli played most of his career for Dinamo Tbilisi. After ending his playing career he worked in various coaching positions for Dinamo Tbilisi and in 1969-1970 and 1974 was a head coach. He was classified as a Master of Sport of the USSR in 1959.
He played for Soviet Union national team (19 matches), and was a participant at the 1962 FIFA World Cup and at the 1960 UEFA European Football Championship, where the Soviet Union won the gold medal. The Soviet back line was anchored by the famous trio of Chokheli, Anatoli Maslyonkin, and Anatoly Krutikov in the early 1960s. Telavi\'s Municipal Stadium features a statue of Chokheli in front of it
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# Gertrude of Comburg
**Gertrude of Comburg** (died 1130/1131) was the first queen consort of Conrad III of Germany. She was a daughter of Henry, Count of Rothenburg, and Gepa of Mergentheim.
## Marriage
Her marriage to Conrad of Swabia is estimated to have occurred c. 1115. Her new husband was the second son of Frederick I, Duke of Swabia and Agnes of Germany. He was a younger brother of Frederick II, Duke of Swabia.
In 1115, Conrad was appointed Duke of Franconia by his maternal uncle Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor. Henry V died on 23 May 1125, and Conrad was an eligible candidate for the throne. However, Conrad supported his older brother Frederick II in the election for the new King of the Romans. The election was instead won by Lothair III.
Conrad and Frederick II had inherited the private lands of their deceased maternal uncle Henry V, but also pressed a claim to lands gained by the crown during his reign. Lothair III also claimed the lands as the new King. Their conflict resulted in Conrad being elected King of Germany in opposition to Lothair in 1127. Gertrud became his Queen consort. The conflict was still ongoing at the time of her death.
## Children
Gertrud and Conrad III had at least two daughters whose names are; Bertha (recorded as abbess of Erstein in 1153) and Gertrud. Another daughter (probably named Agnes), who died in 1151, married Iziaslav II of Kiev.
Conrad III had other children: two by his second wife Gertrude of Sulzbach (Heinrich-Berengar and Friedrich IV of Swabia) and five with a mistress called Gerberga (Leopold, Konstantin von Lochgarten, Giselbert von Hotingen, Sophia, who married Konrad von Pfitzingen, and Ludmilla von Vellberg)
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# Thuso Phala
**Thuso Phala** (born 27 May 1986) is a retired South African football midfielder. He is the inventor of Thuso Phala dance moves that became popular to South African soccer fans and dancers at large, the moves he made after scoring a goal.
Phala was featured in a BBC documentary in 2004 entitled \'Football and Freedom\' which followed the paths of two 13-year-old South Africans aiming to become professional footballers.
## International career {#international_career}
Since making his debut for the South Africa national football team in 2010, Phala has appeared at both the 2013 and 2015 Africa Cup of Nations. He scored Bafana Bafana\'s opening goal of the 2015 tournament in a 3--1 loss to Algeria
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# Virgilio Tosi
**Virgilio Tosi** (29 November 1925 -- 15 April 2023) was an Italian documentary filmmaker and historian of early film.
## Early life {#early_life}
Virgilio Tosi was born in Milan on 29 November 1925. On 10 June 1940, the day Italy entered World War II, Tosi started working as an apprentice invoice-clerk at the Milan seat of a German firm dealing in steel products, while pursuing his studies in his spare time.
## Early career {#early_career}
At the end of 1942, Tosi was noticed at an international youth meeting on theatre, and offered a position in the newly instituted Italian Theatrical Institute (Ente Teatrale Italiano), which had been created to run theatres and theatrical companies and was established in Rome.
Meanwhile, he had engaged himself not dropping out of his studies, and passed his final secondary school exams in classical studies as an external student in 1943, in adventurous circumstances owing to Italy's division in the war.
At the end of World War II, having left the Italian Theatrical Institute, Tosi started working as a theatre and cinema critic while studying philosophy at university. In 1946 he was among the promoters of the Theatre Association "Il Diogene", where he worked as an executive secretary; other members of the managing board were Mario Apollonio, Paolo Grassi and Giorgio Strehler.
The following year, he participated in the creation of the Piccolo Teatro della Città di Milano. The town's City Council designated him, along with Grassi, Strehler and Apollonio, as members of the first managing committee of the theatre, responsible for the technical and artistic management.
Tosi became increasingly interested in cinema. He was a founding member of the Cineteca Italiana in Milan and participated in the Filmclubs movement of the period; in 1947, he was among the promoters of the founding of the Italian Film Societies Federation (Federazione Italiana dei Circoli del Cinema), where he occupied executive positions between 1949 and 1952. Meanwhile, he started working as a scriptwriter for fiction films, and his professional apprenticeship in this area greatly increased through cooperation with Cesare Zavattini.
## Mature career {#mature_career}
Tosi started directing documentaries and subsequently decided to pursue this activity, specializing in scientific documentaries, continuing to work as cinema critic and essay writer all the while. In the 1960s, he started cooperating with RAI, the Italian national public television network, for a number of television programs.
Among his activities, he worked as a consultant for UNESCO, the Istituto Luce, Rome's National Gallery of Modern Arts, was president of the International Scientific Film Association and of the Italian Scientific Film Association, and research director in the field of audiovisuals for the National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), the National Film School (Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia) and RAI.
He pursued historical research on the scientific origins of cinematography, and realized experimental research to study the perception of the language of moving images through the recording of eye movements.
## Later career {#later_career}
From 1976 Tosi taught at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia and held seminars and conferences in many universities and film schools in Italy and abroad (United Kingdom, France, Mexico and other European and Latin-American countries). Since 1988 he also taught at the Documentary School "Zelig" in Bolzano. His main teaching subjects were "History and Critic of Documentary Film" and "Scientific Documentary Techniques".
Between 2002 and 2004 he taught, as a temporary professor, the course of Documentary Film at Rome University "La Sapienza". Since 2012 he wrote \"La rubrica di Virgilio\" for the Italian documentary portal [ildocumentario.it](http://www.ildocumentario.it).
At the 31st Pordenone Silent Film Festival he was awarded, in 2012, the International Prize \"Jean Mitry\" for \"those who distinguish themselves in their storiographic research efforts\" (`{{YouTube|DkBDDHlekBw|video presentation}}`{=mediawiki} by Paolo Cherchi Usai).
Tosi died in Rome on 15 April 2023, at the age of 97.
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# Virgilio Tosi
## Television programs - Selected titles {#television_programs___selected_titles}
- Short documentaries in the weekly programs "TV7" and "Cordialmente", RAI-TV, 1964
- Several dozen of educational programs for RAI-TV Dipartimento Scuola-Educazione: series of lessons on chemistry, electro-chemistry, physics, nuclear physics, physics-chemistry, astronomy. Among others: Modelli di impostazione didattica: Biologia (scientific advisor prof. E. Capanna), series of lessons on history of science; Problemi di metodologia scientifica (scientific advisor prof. L. Lombardo Radice), series of lessons on the major scientific revolutions-- 1967--1972.
- Directed 50 instalments of the program \"Medicina Oggi\", continuing professional education programme for doctors -- 1971--1973.
- Numerous instalments for the multi-annual programme \"Orizzonti della scienza e della technica\", from its first instalment and during its whole existence (1968--1979). Among others: In diretta dall'occhio, monographic programme on experiments on the study of ocular movements -- 1969 (the experiments were then followed up by experimental research at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia, in cooperation with RAI-TV and the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (1982--1994) -- see bibliography.
- Fifteen instalments of a cultural programme based exclusively on photographs: Album, Fotogafie dell\'Italia di ieri (in cooperation with P. Berengo Gardin) -- 1977--1978. On the basis of this television series, Bologna's Galleria d'Arte Moderna di Bologna and RAI-TV organised a photographic and audiovisual exhibition shown in many Italian and foreign cities (through the Italian cultural institutes).
- Script-writer of the TV-Film on Lazzaro Spallanzani for the series \"Uomini del scienza\", curator Lucio Lombardo-Radice -- 1977.
- Series of twelve television programmes (re-run four times): La scienza al cinema -- 60 anni di cinema scientifico italiano -- rubrica Cineteca del Dipartimento Scuola Educazione della RAI-TV -- 1980--1982.
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# Virgilio Tosi
## Filmography
- La battaglia di Milano (1949 -- Documentary, realized on behalf of Milan's Camera del Lavoro di Milano, on the occupation by workers of some large metal transformation factories in order to stop their dismantling -- no copy to be found)
- Elettroshock (1950 -- Scientific research documentary, realized on the initiative of prof. Ugo Cerletti (Rome University) to show the effects of electroshock along the zoological chain and on humans --never completed, some materials should survive in the Istituto Luce archives)
- Enciclopedia Cinematografia \"Conoscere\" (1952--1955 -- prod. Filmeco - 12 documentary "items" (Acqua, Barometro, Clorofilla, Culla Termostatica, Elettroencefalogramma, Illusioni ottiche, Innesto, Obesità, Polmone d'acciaio, Russare, Specchio, Zero assoluto), as well as participation in management of the initiative, directed by Michele Gandin
- Inchiesta alimentare a rofrano (1954 -- produced by Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche-Istituto Luce)
- Mimetismo animale (1956)
- Riflessi condizionati (1956)
- La casa dell\'erpetologo (1957)
- L\'universo di Dante, i cinque sensi, l\'occio, i denti (1957 -- didactic documentaries)
- Premio Nobel (1958)
- Le guardie del sole (1958)
- Le cure parentali E (1958 -- produced by Luce, award at the International Scientific Film Festival, Moscow)
- I Roditori (1959 -- produced by Luce, award at the International Festival of Film for Youth, Venice)
- Biologia del sesso (1959 -- codirected by A. Stefanelli, Bucranio d\'argento award at the International Scientific Film Festival, Padova University)
- Sincrotrone (1959 -- award at the International Scientific Film Festival, Oxford-London, \"Nastro d\'argento\" diploma, award at the Electronics Festival, Rome and at the Industrial Film Festival, Monza)
- Un quarto d\'Italia (1961 -- based on a project by Cesare Zavattini, extended documentary realized on behalf of the Associazione tra le Casse di Risparmio Italiane.
- Radiazioni pericolose (1961 -- produced in cooperation with the Comitato Nazionale per l'Energia Nucleare)
- Vedere l\'invisibile (1961 -- produced in cooperation with the Comitato Nazionale per l'Energia Nucleare -- modified version of Sincrotrone)
- L\'atomo in mare (1962 -- produced in cooperation with the Comitato Nazionale per l'Energia Nucleare)
- La professione di Capo (1963 -- Five medium-length films produced for Italsider)
- Il quarto stato della materia (1964 -- produced in cooperation with the Comitato Nazionale per l'Energia Nucleare, prize at the International Scientific Film Festival, Athens and at the Industrial Film Festival, Genova)
- Fusione controllata dell\'idrogeno (1964 -- produced in cooperation with the Comitato Nazionale per l'Energia Nucleare)
- Fall out (1964 -- produced in cooperation with the Comitato Nazionale per l'Energia Nucleare, award at the Industrial Film Festival, Monza)
- Disegno industriale (1964, award at the Industrial Film Festival, Bologna)
- 1+1=10 (1964 -- codirected by M. Gandin -- produced in cooperation with the Comitato Nazionale per l'Energia Nucleare, prize at the Industrial Film Festival, Genova)
- Operazione qualità (1966 -- Three medium-length films produced for Italsider)
- P.Q. 2 Anno terzo (1968 -- produced in cooperation with the Comitato Nazionale per l'Energia Nucleare)
- Fotografia della famiglia Italiana (1969--1970, selected for the Festival dei Popoli, Firenze)
- Telecomunicare (1970)
- Pulsazioni in vitro (1970 -- produced by Istituto Luce)
- La misura del tempo (1973 -- produced by Mondadori)
- Un pioniere del cinema scientifico: Roberto Omegna (1974 -- produced by Luce, prize at the International Scientific Film Festival, Miskolc-Budapest)
- Le vipere (1975 -- produced by Luce, prize at the International Scientific Film Festival, Eindhoven)
- Acque costiere (1982 -- produced by Luce)
- The origins of scientific cinematography (1990--1993 -- European coproduction: I.W.F., Germany, CNRS-AV, France, Istituto Luce, Italy) -- Series of three films (versions in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish):
- The pioneers - 52'
- Technical developments around the turn of the century - 17'
- Early applications - 30'.
- Elogio dell\'imperfezione - incontro con Rita Levi Montalcini - (2000 - produced by Scuola Nazionale di Cinema - Archivio della memoria - Ritratti italiani n. 3) - 56\'
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# Wellspring Retreat and Resource Center
**Wellspring Retreat and Resource Center** is a Christian countercult movement-affiliated residential counseling center claiming to specialize in the treatment of individuals who they evaluate as \"having been abused in relationships, cults, situations of trauma, and by destructive therapeutic alliances resulting in emotional betrayal and/or physical harm\". It was founded in 1986 by Paul R. Martin and his wife Barbara, and is located in Albany, Ohio.
## History
It was founded in 1986 by psychologist Paul R. Martin and his wife Barbara, it is located in Albany, Ohio. Martin.
## Services
Wellspring claims that it has treated more than 500 former cult members from the United States and nine foreign countries since the retreat opened in 1986. All of the staff are Christian and \"former members of cults\", and their staff have included cult researchers and counselors, one being researcher Larry Pile.
It also offers educational, consulting, and family support services. Several of its staff members are published authors, and Wellspring is also an informational resource to national and international media to raise awareness about coercive persuasion and its treatment.
Wellspring has been praised by Christian countercultist Dr. Ronald Enroth, in his best-selling book *Churches That Abuse*, as well as in the follow-up book, *Recovering From Churches That Abuse*. In the latter he wrote, in part:
> Wellspring exists because recovering emotionally, restoring a loving relationship with God, and re-entering society are not easily accomplished on one\'s own. The accounts in this book reveal how tortuous the path to recovery can be without professional, caring help. The tragedy is that for the victims of spiritual abuse, the options are disappointingly few. Not many programs are especially equipped, as Wellspring is, to treat victims of spiritual abuse.
## Criticism
Jeffrey Hadden said former Wellspring clients have told him the retreat uses some of the very thought reform techniques it attributes to cults
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# Slenderness ratio
In architecture, the **slenderness ratio**, or simply **slenderness**, is an aspect ratio, the quotient between the height and the width of a building.
In structural engineering, slenderness is used to calculate the propensity of a column to buckle. It is defined as $l/k$ where $l$ is the effective length of the column and $k$ is the least radius of gyration, the latter defined by $k^2=I/A$ where $A$ is the area of the cross-section of the column and $I$ is the second moment of area of the cross-section. The effective length is calculated from the actual length of the member considering the rotational and relative translational boundary conditions at the ends. Slenderness captures the influence on buckling of all the geometric aspects of the column, namely its length, area, and second moment of area. The influence of the material is represented separately by the material\'s modulus of elasticity $E$.
Structural engineers generally consider a skyscraper as slender if the height:width ratio exceeds 10:1 or 12:1. Slim towers require the adoption of specific measures to counter the high strengths of wind in the vertical cantilever, like including additional structures to endow greater rigidity to the building or diverse types of tuned mass dampers to avoid unwanted swinging.
Tall buildings with high slenderness ratio are sometime referred to as pencil towers.
## Examples
thumb\|upright=.6\|432 Park Avenue
Building Location Floors Height (m) Slenderness Year
--------------------------- ------------------------- -------- ------------ ----------------------- ------
111 West 57th Street New York, NY 82 438 24:1 2018
Highcliff Happy Valley, Hong Kong 73 252 20:1 2003
150 North Riverside Chicago, Illinois 54 228 20:1 at base 2017
220 Central Park South New York, NY 70 290 18:1 2019
Collins House (Melbourne) Melbourne, Australia 61 190 16
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# Unknown Pleasures (film)
***Unknown Pleasures*** (`{{zh|c=任逍遥|p= Rèn xiāo yáo|l=Free from all constraints}}`{=mediawiki}) is a 2002 Chinese film directed by Jia Zhangke, starring Wu Qiong, Zhao Weiwei and Zhao Tao as three disaffected youths living in Datong in 2001, part of the new \"Birth Control\" generation. Fed on a steady diet of popular culture, both Western and Chinese, the characters of *Unknown Pleasures* represent a new breed in the People\'s Republic of China, one detached from reality through the screen of media and the internet.
The film was a co-production of four countries: Japan\'s Office Kitano and T-Mark, China\'s Hu Tong Communications, France\'s Lumen Films, and South Korea\'s E-Pictures. It competed for the Palme d\'Or at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival but would eventually lose to director Roman Polanski\'s Holocaust film, *The Pianist*.
*Unknown Pleasures* is Jia\'s third feature film after 1997\'s *Xiao Wu* and 2000s *Platform*, and it is sometimes considered the final film of an informal trilogy on a modern China in transition. The film also marked Jia\'s last production outside of the Chinese studio system. With 2004\'s *The World*, Jia would work with the approval of the state film bureaucrats (SARFT).
## Plot
*Unknown Pleasures* follows three disaffected, aimless young people in the industrial city of Datong in China\'s Shanxi province throughout 2001. Nineteen-year-old **Bin Bin** (Zhao Weiwei) lives with his mother, an adherent of the Falun Gong, in a small apartment near Datong\'s textile mill. Bin Bin\'s best friend, the reckless **Xiao Ji** (Wu Qiong), lives in an even smaller apartment with his father, and spends his time riding his motorbike around the city. The two friends eventually meet **Qiao Qiao**, a young singer and dancer working for the Mongolian King Liquor company as a spokesmodel. Xiao Ji immediately becomes enamored with Qiao Qiao, which gets him in trouble with Qiao Qiao\'s boyfriend, the loan shark and local thug, **Qiao San** (Li Zhubin).
For much of the early parts of the film, the three characters seem to follow an aimless lifestyle. Unemployed, Bin Bin meets with his girlfriend to watch television on most days, while Xiao Ji seems to do nothing at all aside from flirt with Qiao Qiao. When an explosion rocks part of the city\'s textile mill, the characters are briefly pushed into action. Qiao Qiao, desperate to get her injured father into the hospital, has Xiao Ji rush to the bank in order to withdraw ¥2000 for the entry fee. As thanks, she takes Xiao Ji and Bin Bin first to lunch, where Xiao Ji references watching Quentin Tarantino\'s *Pulp Fiction*, and then to a discotheque. While dancing, Xiao Ji is led away by Qiao San\'s men, who humiliate and beat him. Enraged, Xiao Ji tries to avenge himself but is stopped by Bin Bin, who tells him that Qiao San keeps a gun on his person. Undeterred, Xiao Ji continues to pursue Qiao Qiao, who is eventually abandoned by her boyfriend. When the two young people end up in a hotel room, Qiao Qiao tries to explain to Xiao Ji the philosophy of Zhuangzi who, in his poem *Ren Xiao Yao*, \"philosophized that we should do what feels good.\" Soon afterward, it is learned that Qiao San has died in a car accident. The film implies that Qiao Qiao nevertheless leaves Xiao Ji and is last seen wearing a blue wig as a prostitute in a run-down club.
Bin Bin, meanwhile, following the advice of his mother, tries to join the PLA, but is rejected when it is discovered that he suffers from hepatitis. Shattered, he borrows ¥1500 from a small-time crook **Xiao Wu** (Wang Hongwei). Bin Bin uses the money to purchase a cell phone for his girlfriend, but when she tries to get close to him, he refuses, and notes only that there is no future for him anymore.
Bin Bin and Xiao Ji decide to rob a bank, as they have seen so often in American films. Attaching a fake bomb to Bin Bin\'s chest, Xiao Ji drives Bin Bin to a China Construction Bank, where the latter is immediately arrested. Fleeing, Xiao Ji drives his motorbike down the highway until it breaks down and he hitches a ride to locations unknown. Bin Bin is left at the police station, where an officer informs him that robbery is a capital crime. The film ends as the police officer forces Bin Bin to stand and sing. Bin Bin chooses to sing *Ren Xiao Yao*, a pop song about being spiritually free through love.
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# Unknown Pleasures (film)
## Production
The idea for *Unknown Pleasures* first came from Jia Zhangke\'s short film, *In Public*, his entry in a documentary competition sponsored by the 2001 Jeonju International Film Festival held in South Korea. The competition (which also drew entries from Tsai Ming-liang and John Akomfrah) required that the shorts be filmed entirely in digital video. While Jia had originally intended only to film the derelict factories in Datong, the filming with digital video would soon inspire the director to begin production of *Unknown Pleasures*. As Jia stated at a news conference: \"At first it was the bleak and lonely buildings that attracted me. When I saw the streets filled with lonely, directionless people, I became interested in them.\"
*Unknown Pleasures* was filmed using digital video in only nineteen days, as a result of time and budgetary constraints. In his production notes, Jia claims that the use of digital video produced a slight color discrepancy that lent itself to the tone he wanted the film to take. Additionally, the use of digital cameras meant a more streamlined production and greater ease of movement. As a result, Jia was able to begin shooting a mere three weeks after developing the idea for the film.
According to Jia, the final scene of Xiao Ji riding down the highway as a thunderstorm approaches would not have been possible had traditional film cameras been used. But because of the flexibility of digital video, Jia Zhangke was able to capture the scene with the storm and in the director\'s words, creates a moment where the \"environment is complementing \[Xiao Ji\'s\] internal feelings.\" At the same time, use of digital video restricted Jia. He noted in an interview shortly after the release of the film that he and cinematographer Yu Lik-wai were forced to cut back on exterior scenes due to the drawbacks of filming on digital video in sunlight.
### Creative team {#creative_team}
The cast and crew of the film consisted of a mix of Jia regulars and newcomers. Cinematographer Yu Lik-wai, who has served in the role in nearly the entire Jia filmography, returns once again for *Unknown Pleasures*. Editor Chow Keung is also a frequent Jia collaborator and would help produce several of his subsequent films, including *24 City*, *The World*, and the Golden Lion-winning *Still Life*. Along with producer Li Kit Ming, Chow and Yu have been described by Jia as the \"core of his creative team.\" Among the cast, Zhao Tao (Qiao Qiao) and Wang Hongwei (Xiao Wu) are also Jia regulars.
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# Unknown Pleasures (film)
## Cast
- **Zhao Weiwei** as **Bin Bin**. A young man most often seen wearing an oversized dress shirt, Bin Bin is frustrated by his life in Datong. His relationship with his girlfriend is distant but tender, while his relationship with his mother is strained. Despite his seeming timidity, it is Bin Bin who eventually carries out the poorly thought through plan to rob a bank.
- **Wu Qiong** as **Xiao Ji**. The long-haired Xiao Ji is Bin Bin\'s best friend. Considerably more reckless than Bin Bin, Xiao Ji\'s infatuation with Qiao Qiao drives much of the film\'s narrative.
- **Zhao Tao** as **Qiao Qiao**. Jia Zhangke\'s frequent collaborator (she also appears in Jia\'s *Platform*, *The World*, *Still Life*, and *24 City*) plays the female lead of Qiao Qiao. Slightly older than both Bin Bin and Xiao Ji (the film states that she is born in 1980 making her 21 years old), Qiao Qiao serves as the singing and dancing enticement for the Mongolian King Liquor company. It is Qiao Qiao that explains the philosophy of \"ren xiao yao,\" a form of hedonism. Jia wrote the character of Qiao Qiao to reflect the modern Chinese woman, who struggle between conservative tradition and modernity. According to Jia, Qiao Qiao is unable to continue her relationship with Qiao San because she cannot reconcile her hidden conservatism with the idea of becoming a mistress.
- **Li Zhubin** as **Qiao San**, Qiao Qiao\'s older boyfriend, former gym teacher, and current \"agent.\" *Unknown Pleasure\'s* closest thing to a true villain, Qiao San is essentially a local thug in Datong. Though he is rarely physically violent himself, he carries a gun with him and has several of his cronies restrain and humiliate Xiao Ji at a dance club.
- **Wang Hongwei** as **Xiao Wu**. A small-time crook, Xiao Wu appears in the very beginning of the film attempting to hustle a few RMB out of the two male protagonists. Shortly thereafter he is arrested and taken away for unknown reasons. Xiao Wu shows up again later in the film to provide a loan to Bin Bin. The character of Xiao Wu, as played by Wang Hongwei, is presumably the same character from Jia Zhangke\'s debut film, *Xiao Wu*. In one of the film\'s more lighthearted moments, Xiao Wu asks Bin Bin if he has *Xiao Wu*, *Platform* or *Love Will Tear Us Apart* (directed by cinematographer Yu Lik-wai) DVDs. According to the director, this self-reference was possible in part because Xiao Wu (and Wang Hongwei) had become a cultural icon in China\'s independent film scene.
- **Zhou Qingfeng** as **Yuan Yuan**, Bin Bin\'s studious girlfriend. Throughout the course of the film, Yuan Yuan has dreams of getting into a Beijing university in order to study international trade. Yuan Yuan\'s character was consciously set apart from the main three characters, in that she is the only character with set goals for life and the possibility to escape provincial life.
- **Bai Ru** as Bin Bin\'s mother, a proponent of the Falun Gong.
- **Liu Xi\'an** as Xiao Ji\'s father, an uneducated man who mistakes a single US dollar to be a fortune.
- **Jia Zhangke** plays a small role in his own film as the opera-singing man seen throughout *Unknown Pleasures*.
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# Unknown Pleasures (film)
## Themes
### The \"Birth Control\" generation {#the_birth_control_generation}
In his production notes, Jia has stated that the portrayals of youth by Wu Qiong, Zhao Weiwei, Zhao Tao was meant to illustrate the \"birth control\" generation, or the generation to emerge from China\'s One-child policy. With no brothers or sisters, Jia wanted to show these individuals as isolate, alone, \"confronted with an existential crisis of individuality.\" In a separate interview, Jia noted that unlike his own generation, this generation is often detached from reality, filtering their experiences through the internet, television, and other media. In one oft-referenced scene, Xiao Ji discusses the film *Pulp Fiction* to Qiao Qiao, after which Jia quickly cuts to the two dancing in a club with music sampled out of that film. Critics and scholars also picked up on this existentialist strain in the characters of *Unknown Pleasure*. Elvis Mitchell, for example, wrote, \"\[t\]he saddest thing about it is that the social ineptitude of the *Pleasure* youth doesn\'t even belong to them \-- they\'ve sampled it from Western culture, just like the clangorous funk of the dance club music. They want to soak up someone else\'s dream.\" Similarly, Kevin Lee of *Senses of Cinema* writes how \"the attitudes of these kids are almost completely derived by the electronic mass media that they consume and that consumes them.\" As J. Hoberman notes in his review, for Xiao Ji, Bin Bin, and Qiao Qiao, *Unknown Pleasures* are those that \"are everywhere in evidence, yet satisfaction itself is beyond reach.\"
Each of the three main characters therefore try to achieve a state of \"Ren Xiao Yao\" - freedom from all constraints. This phrase and concept arises multiple times in the film. As described by Qiao Qiao, it is part of the philosophy of the Taoist Zhuangzi. She refers to the belief that life is the pursuit of absolute freedom and pleasure. Jia writes, however that `{{blockquote|In ''Unknown Pleasures'', young people lack discipline. They don't have any goals for the future. They refuse all constraints. They run their own lives and act independently. But their spirit is not as free.<ref name=PK/>}}`{=mediawiki} In another reference, \"Ren Xiao Yao\" is the name of a pop song from 2001, and is the song that Bin Bin sings in the film\'s ironic final scene in a jail cell. Freedom, it seems, is harder than it looks. In a running theme, Bin Bin and Xiao Ji consistently refer to the Sun Wukong, the Monkey King. Bin Bin explicitly draws the point that unlike himself, the Monkey King has no parents and no burdens. For Jia, the story of the Monkey King \"reflects the fatalism of \[*Unknown Pleasures*\]\" in that unlike the Monkey King, these characters \"struggle desperately. They pull themselves out of difficult situations, but they always fall back into new problems because no one can escape the rules of the game. True freedom doesn't exist in this world.\"
### 2001
Jia\'s production notes also reveal the importance of the film\'s time period: 2001. At numerous instances in the film, newscasts and other media link the characters to external current events. These include the Hainan Island incident with the United States, China\'s entry into the World Trade Organization, a sabotage in a factory in Datong itself, and China\'s successful bid to become the host city of the 2008 Summer Olympics. For Jia, the year 2001 was particularly significant: `{{blockquote|That year, reality was more theatrical than anything we could see at the movies. It even leaned toward surrealism. The entire population got worked up. This strange excitement gave me a worrisome feeling. The anger of society's inner layers was beginning to come out and show itself.<ref name=PK/>}}`{=mediawiki}
### Datong and Beijing {#datong_and_beijing}
The film\'s setting carried its own significance. Like in *Xiao Wu*, *Unknown Pleasures* takes place in a run down industry town in China\'s Shanxi province. Whereas the earlier film ended with the destruction of a city block, in *Unknown Pleasures*, the entire city of Datong seems to be in a state of disrepair and ruin. Jia noted in an interview that in one sense, Datong was \"truly a city in ruins, and the people that inhabit it very much live in a spiritual world that reflects their environment.\" In contrast to Datong, the film paints Beijing as a dream world. Bin Bin\'s girlfriend, the only character with real ambitions and goals, is trying to get to Beijing in order to attend university. Meanwhile, when Beijing is selected as the host city for the 2008 Olympics, a crowd of people gathered around a television burst into cheers. Towards the end of the film, a newscast states that the Datong-Beijing Highway is soon to be completed, hinting that escape and progress are not far behind. For Jia, however, the depiction of the provincial town only highlights \"the gap between rich and poor\" and the gap between the image of cities like Shanghai and Beijing as depicted on television, and the lives of those who live in cities like Datong. For these characters, Beijing is the \"Moscow of *Three Sisters*\-- dreamland as a receding horizon.\"
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# Unknown Pleasures (film)
## Reception
*Unknown Pleasures* was relatively well received by western critics but with qualifications. Upon its premiere at the New York Film Festival, then *New York Times* critic Elvis Mitchell commented on the film, noting that even if \"the world doesn\'t need another picture on disaffected youth\...*Unknown Pleasures* is about more than alienation.\" Stylistically, however, Mitchell felt that Jia\'s long-takes and slow pans started to feel repetitive, a sort of \"reductive neo-realism.\" *The Village Voice\'s* J. Hoberman gave the film a much stronger review than many of his contemporaries, arguing that *Unknown Pleasures* was \"Jia\'s most concentrated evocation of contemporary China\'s spiritual malaise.\"
The film was not universally praised, however, and many critics found significant flaws in the film\'s style and pacing. One common complaint was that like the film\'s aimless protagonists, *Unknown Pleasures* seemed lost in its own narrative. One critic argues that the film\'s story \"goes nowhere\" and as a result the audience never \"understand\[s\] the motivation of the characters.\" The industry magazine *Variety* also gave the film only a middling review, with a similar complaint that the film \"is far more diluted thematically, touching on a number of interesting points but failing to bring them together in any cohesive way.\" Two internet review aggregates reflect the film\'s somewhat average impression among western critics; coincidentally, both Metacritic (ten reviews) and Rotten Tomatoes (twenty-eight reviews) give *Unknown Pleasures* scores of \"61\" (out of 100), or \"Generally favorable reviews\" and \"fresh,\" respectively.
### Awards, nominations, and honors {#awards_nominations_and_honors}
- 2002 Toronto International Film Festival
- **Official Selection**
- 2002 Cannes Film Festival
- **Official Selection**
- 2002 New York Film Festival
- **Official Selection**
- 2003 Singapore International Film Festival
- FIPRESCI/NETPAC Award --- **special mention**
### Top ten lists {#top_ten_lists}
Several American critics placed *Unknown Pleasures* within their top-10 lists for 2003.
- 2nd - Dennis Lim, *The Village Voice*
- \[no ranking\] - Robert Koehler, *Variety* (tied with *Platform*)
- \[no ranking\] - Manohla Dargis, *Los Angeles Times*
Jonathan Rosenbaum of the *Chicago Reader* did not include *Unknown Pleasures* in his ranked top ten for 2003, but he did include it among an unranked list of 30 additional films he considered his \"second-best favorites\" for the year
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# The Houseshakers
**The Houseshakers** were a British rock and roll band that formed at the end of 1969, and were active in the early 1970s. They backed Gene Vincent on two of his European visits. They performed in their own right and acted as the backing for Bo Diddley and Chuck Berry at The London Rock and Roll Show on 5 August 1972.
The line-up was Graham Fenton (vocals), Terry Clemson (lead guitar), Tommy Husky (sax), Jimmy Walls (bass), and Vic Searle (drums).
Terry Clemson (as Terry Gibson) previously played in The Downliners Sect. Clemson and Fenton later formed the Hellraisers. Graham Fenton later joined Matchbox.
Tommy Husky (Huskisson) later joined Cadillac.
Clemson also led the TT\'s. He died in 2020.
Fenton still sings in Matchbox.
## Recordings
- *Demolition Rock* (1972) Tracks: \"Sea Cruise\", \"Miss Froggie\", \"Baby Blue\", \"Henrietta\", \"Lights Out\", \"Red Hot\", \"Bye Bye Johnny\", \"Flying Saucers Rock \'n\' Roll\", \"Honey Hush\", \"Wild Cat\", \"My Way\", \"Brand New Cadillac\" (Available on *Contours Of Rock \'n\' Roll* Raucous Records which also contains The Hellraisers\' Contours album from 1974 )
Line-up of the album *Demolition Rock* was Vocals -- Graham Fenton, Guitar -- Terry Clemson, Bass -- Jimmy Walls, Drums -- Les Warren, Saxophone -- John Earl, it was produced by Eddie Bourne
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# Ariane Ehrat
**Ariane Ehrat** (born February 17, 1961, in Schaffhausen) is a former Swiss alpine skier. She was active between 1979 and 1986, with her best performance a silver medal at the 1985 Alpine World Ski Championships in Bormio.
## Career
At the 1984 Olympic Games in Sarajevo she narrowly missed the podium and finished fourth in the downhill ski race.
Since her retirement from skiing, Ehrat has worked in marketing. From 1989 she performed as the head of marketing at the "Alpenarena", a well-known tourist destination (Flims-Laax-Falera). In June 2004 she became head of the "Communication and Marketing" department at Schweizer Radio DRS. From January 2008 to May 2017 she held the position of CEO of Engadin St. Moritz Tourism.
Ehrat is currently devoting herself to tasks and projects that are shaped by visionary entrepreneurs. This includes engagements at *Globalance Bank Zurich* and *Lenzerheide mountain railways*.
She is on the board of directors of the planning and engineering company ewp Zurich.
Ehrat is a voluntary member of the Foundation Board of *Denk an mich* and the advisory board of the *Swiss School of Tourism & Hospitality Graubünden*
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# Think of Tomorrow
***Think of Tomorrow*** is the tenth album by Pentangle. It was released on Ariola/Hypertension 883 697/HYCD 200 112 in 1991. Green Linnet released it in the same year on GLCD-3057. Hypertension re-released it in 2005. The notable change in personnel was Peter Kirtley who replaced Rod Clements.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"O\'er the Lonely Mountain\" (Pentangle)
2. \"Baby Now It\'s Over\" (Pentangle)
3. \"Share a Dream\" (Pentangle)
4. \"The Storyteller \[Paddy\'s Song\]\" (Pentangle)
5. \"Meat on the Bone\" (Pentangle)
6. \"Ever Yes, Ever No\" (Pentangle)
7. \"Straight Ahead\" (Pentangle)
8. \"The Toss of Golden Hair\" (Trad)
9. \"The Lark in the Clear Air\" (Trad)
10. \"The Bonny Boy\" (Trad)
11
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# Alphonse Lavallée
**Alphonse Lavallée** (1791--1873) is the founder of the École Centrale Paris, a French *Grande École*.
He was born in Savigné-l\'Évêque (Sarthe region, France). After studying law in Paris, Lavallée became the director of various companies such as the Compagnie du chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans. He also became a businessman in the region of Nantes, working for ten years with his brother-in-law who was a shipowner of the merchant vessel *Bourgault Ducoudray*. After moving to Paris in 1827 where he moved with his wife and his one-year-old daughter, Amazilli, Lavallée became a shareholder of the *Le Globe*, a liberal opposition newspaper with Saint-Simonian roots.
Two years later, Lavallée decides to create a new school of engineering for the emerging industrial sector in France, at a time where all the leading institutions were essentially training engineers for public administration. He founded in 1829 the prominent École centrale des arts et manufactures in Paris, also known as the École Centrale Paris, with the help of three scientists: the chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas, the physicist Jean Claude Eugène Péclet and the mathematician Théodore Olivier. Lavallée provided most of the funds with his private capital to establish the school and became its first president (*directeur*). The first location of the school was the *Hôtel de Juigné* building in the Marais district, which has now become the Musée Picasso.
His son, Pierre Alphonse Martin Lavallée (1836--1884), created an arboretum in the park of the *Château de Segrez* in Saint-Sulpice-de-Favières (Essonne), which was one of the biggest in Europe at the time.
He died in Paris on May 15, 1873 at the age of 75 and is buried in the *Père Lachaise* Cemetery
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# Asif Kapadia
**Asif Kapadia** (born 1972) is a British filmmaker. Kapadia is best known for his trilogy of narratively driven, archive-constructed documentaries *Senna*, *Amy* and *Diego Maradona*.
*Amy* (2015), based on singer Amy Winehouse, had its world premiere at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival, and it is the highest-grossing British documentary of all time at the UK box office. It also won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, the BAFTA for Best Documentary, a Grammy for Best Music Film, the European Film Award for Best Documentary and the Grierson Award for Best Documentary.
Kapadia directed the documentary film *Senna* (2010), based on Ayrton Senna (famous for his achievements in motor racing), which won the BAFTA Award for Best Documentary, the BAFTA Award for Best Editing and the World Cinema Audience Award Documentary at the Sundance Film Festival 2011. Senna was nominated for Outstanding British Film of the Year.
Kapadia\'s narrative debut *The Warrior* (2001), won the BAFTA for Outstanding British Film of the Year and the Award for Special Achievement by a Director, Writer or Producer in their Debut Feature; the film was also nominated for Best Film Not in the English Language.
In 2019, he released the film *Diego Maradona*, based on Argentine football legend Diego Maradona, with Kapadia stating, \"Maradona is the third part of a trilogy about child geniuses and fame.\"
In May 2021, he released the musical docuseries *1971: The Year That Music Changed Everything*, based on the book *1971 -- Never a Dull Moment: Rock\'s Golden Year*, by the British music journalist David Hepworth.
## Early life {#early_life}
Asif Kapadia was born in 1972 in north London, to an Indian Muslim British family. He attended Newport Film School (formerly part of the University of Wales, Newport, now the University of South Wales), achieved a first-class degree (BA Hons) in Film, TV and Photographic Arts from the University of Westminster and an MA (RCA) in Directing for Film and TV at the Royal College of Art.
Kapadia has said he sees himself as a Londoner (\"a Hackney lad\"), northern European, with Indian family heritage. These unique characteristics helped to make him stand out as a film-maker when he was starting out.
He has said:
> "I've always tried to do things differently -- because my point of view is different.
>
> "I don't come from private school, I don't come from money. My family were not in the film industry. I'm not white, I'm brown, and my background is Muslim. My family are from India and are quite religious.
>
> "As the youngest of five kids, my parents kind of let me do what I wanted to do. I was able to have a point of view, I wasn't told, 'You must do this': I picked what I wanted to study, I never did A-levels. When I was at university, I would always argue with the tutors, because I would kind of have to do what they told me to do.
>
> "Things like that were just me going, 'I don't feel that's right, I'm gonna do this'. So I'm quite stubborn, I guess."
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# Asif Kapadia
## Career
Kapadia\'s first feature film, *The Warrior*, was shot in the Himalayas and the deserts of Rajasthan. The film caught the attention of The Arts Foundation who in 2001 awarded him a fellowship in Film Directing. Peter Bradshaw in *The Guardian* described *The Warrior* as possessing \"mighty breadth\" and \"shimmering beauty\"; the film was nominated for three BAFTA awards, winning two: the Alexander Korda Award for the outstanding British Film of the Year 2003 and The Carl Foreman Award for Special Achievement by a Director, Screenwriter or Producer in their First Feature.
*Far North* premiered at the Venice Film Festival, based on a dark short story by Sara Maitland. Kapadia used the brutal arctic landscape to show how desperation and loneliness drives a woman to harm the person she loves. Kapadia\'s fourth feature, *Senna*, was the life story of Brazilian motor-racing champion, Ayrton Senna.
Kapadia\'s next film *Amy* was a documentary that depicted the life and death of British singer-songwriter Amy Winehouse. *Amy* was released on 3 July 2015 in the United Kingdom, New York and Los Angeles, and worldwide on 10 July. The film has been described as \"heartbreaking\", \"awe-inspiring\", \"unmissable\", \"the best documentary of the year\" and \"a tragic masterpiece\". The film received five out of five star ratings when it was reviewed at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival in May. The film has become the highest grossing British documentary, and second highest grossing documentary of all time in the United Kingdom, overtaking Kapadia\'s 2010 movie *Senna*.
In 2018, a documentary film titled *Maradona*, based on Argentine football legend Diego Maradona, was released. Following on from *Senna* and *Amy*, Kapadia states: \"Maradona is the third part of a trilogy about child geniuses and fame.\" He added: \"I was fascinated by his journey, wherever he went there were moments of incredible brilliance and drama. He was a leader, taking his teams to the very top, but also many lows in his career. He was always the little guy fighting against the system\... and he was willing to do anything, to use all of his cunning and intelligence to win.\"
In 2019, Kapadia was awarded as Honorary Associate of London Film School.
## Favourite films {#favourite_films}
In 2022, Kapadia participated in the *Sight & Sound* film polls of that year. It is held every ten years to select the greatest films of all time, by asking contemporary directors to select ten films of their choice.
Kapadia\'s selections were:
- *Vertigo* (1958)
- *Raging Bull* (1980)
- *2001: A Space Odyssey* (1968)
- *La Jetée* (1962)
- *Once upon a Time in the West* (1968)
- *Don\'t Look Now* (1973)
- *The Godfather Part II* (1974)
- *Come and See* (1985)
- *Yojimbo* (1961)
- *In the Mood for Love* (2000)
In September 2019, Kapadia appeared on BBC Radio 4\'s The Film Programme in which he told presenter Francine Stock of his love for the Vietnamese gangster movie *Cyclo* by writer-director Trần Anh Hùng. He saw it when it first came out in 1996, when he was a film student, and it crystallised his ambitions for the type of film-making he wished to pursue. As he explained to Stock, \"a lightbulb went off in my head\" and his life was never the same again.
## Political views {#political_views}
In December 2019, along with 42 other leading cultural figures, Kapadia signed a letter endorsing the Labour Party under Jeremy Corbyn\'s leadership in the 2019 general election. The letter stated that \"Labour\'s election manifesto under Jeremy Corbyn\'s leadership offers a transformative plan that prioritises the needs of people and the planet over private profit and the vested interests of a few.\"
In October 2024, Kapadia attracted controversy, after sharing posts on the social media platform X, which The Grierson Trust had deemed as \"antisemitic\" (and to which the charity removed Kapadia as a patron). Kapadia apologized, telling BBC News he was \"mortified by the hurt and offence\" that some of his posts have caused.
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# Asif Kapadia
## Filmography
Year Title Director Producer Executive Producer Notes
------ ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- -------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994 *Indian Tales* Short film. 12 mins long.
1996 *The Waiting Room* Short film. 8 mins long.
1996 *Wild West* Short film. 1 min long.
1997 *The Sheep Thief* Short film. 24 mins long.
2001 *The Warrior*
2006 *The Return*
2007 *Far North*
2010 *Senna* Released in 2010 in Brazil, 2011 everywhere else
2013 *Monsoon Shootout*
2015 *Amy* Won the 2016 Academy Award for Documentary Feature
2015 *Ronaldo*
2016 *Oasis: Supersonic*
2016 *Ali and Nino*
2017 *Mindhunter* (TV series) Netflix series. Directed episodes 3 & 4
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# August Ferdinand Anacker
`{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}`{=mediawiki} **August Ferdinand Anacker** (17 October 1790 -- 21 August 1854) was a German composer.
Anacker, the son of a poor shoemaker, was born in Freiberg, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire. He attended the Gymnasium in Freiberg before going to Leipzig in 1813 to study music with Johann Gottfried Schicht and Friedrich Schneider. In 1822, he became a cantor and conductor in his hometown, where he distinguished himself as a teacher and composer, establishing and managing a number of musical institutions in a career spanning several decades. He died in Freiberg.
Of his many compositions for voice and instrumental accompaniment, the cantata *Der Bergmannsgruß* enjoyed the greatest popularity, notably including 13 Russian horns
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# Lawrence Wells
**Lawrence Allen \"Larry\" Wells** (30 April 1860 -- 11 May 1938), frequently spelled Laurence Allen Wells, was an Australian explorer.
Wells was born at Yallum Station near Penola, South Australia and grew up in the Mount Gambier, South Australia district, and after a short stint in a merchants office, joined the South Australian Survey Department in October 1878. In 1883 the surveyor General, G.W. Goyder, offered him the Assistant Surveyor position to the Northern Territory and Queensland Border Survey Expedition, under Augustus Poeppel. This task took almost three years to complete, the honours of driving in the last peg being shared with assistant John Carruthers. and Wells spent the next couple of years working in the far north of S.A. and the N.T., surveying pastoral boundaries.
In 1891 he was appointed surveyor to the Elder Scientific Exploring Expedition, under David Lindsay. Lindsay\'s instructions were to investigate the remaining \"blanks on the map\" of Australia, (essentially the Great Victoria, Little Sandy, Great Sandy, Tanami, and the Simpson Deserts. After a good start, the expedition suffered hardship and psychological problems, which saw Lindsay returning to Adelaide to explain the situation, leaving Wells in charge of the remnants of the expedition. It was disbanded in March 1892, after Wells had discovered evidence of gold at what became Wiluna. Only Wells and the cook, Warren, came away with a \"clean slate\". Returning to the Survey Department, Wells married Alice Marion Woods (14 Feb 1870 -- ) on 22 September 1892. Alice was a daughter of noted Adelaide architect E.J. Woods.
In 1896 Albert Calvert, a London mining engineer, proposed through his Adelaide Agent, A.T. Magarey, to finance an expedition to complete the task of the Elder Expedition, again supervised by the South Australian Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. Wells was selected to lead the Calvert Exploring Expedition of seven men and twenty camels, which left Lake Way, near present-day Wiluna, on 16 July 1896, and headed northeast into uncharted country.
After a substantial reconnaissance trip, October found the party just over halfway through the two Sandy Deserts, when it was decided that Wells\'s older cousin Charles Wells (2IC) and George Jones, (the 18y.o. nephew of David Lindsay) would make a \'flying trip\' to the west, and then rendezvous with the main party at Warburton\'s Joanna Spring, some 300 km further north. The increasing heat of the advancing summer, lack of feed for the camels, and scant water, caused both parties incredible hardship - the main party was soon only travelling at night, and were forced to abandon virtually everything at Adverse Well, and the remainder the following day. Low on water and unable to locate Joanna Spring, innocently mismapped by Warburton, they made a desperate dash for the Fitzroy River.
Charles Wells and Jones abandoned the flying trip, and following the main party by about twelve days, perished. Their sun dried bodies were finally found on 27 May 1897, 26 km south west of Joanna Spring, after five search expeditions by Larry Wells.
From August 1897, Wells transferred to the Pastoral Board, but from March to September 1903 led the Government North-West Prospecting Expedition. Returning to the Surveyor General\'s Office, Wells spent three years till September 1908 on a trigonometrical survey in the north west of the N.T.
In 1909 Wells joined the State Taxation Department, and the following year became the Federal Deputy Commissioner of Land Tax for S.A., rejoining the Land Board as chairman in 1918, until his retirement in 1930.
Again pulling on his explorers boots, he led the (private) Quest (1930), Endeavour (1932) and Tarcoola (1933) Expeditions.
Wells was dubbed by J. M. Maughan \"the Last Australian Explorer\", and though not the only one so called, he did stand out as one who treated Aboriginals with an unprecedented level of humanity.
In 1935 Wells received the Jubilee Medal, and in 1937 the O.B.E.
Wells died after being struck by a rail car near Blackwood Railway Station on 11 May 1938, and was buried at the Mitcham Cemetery
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# Cuauhxicalli
A ***cuauhxicalli*** or *quauhxicalli* (`{{IPA|nah|kʷaːʍʃiˈkalːi|lang}}`{=mediawiki}, meaning \"eagle gourd bowl\") was an altar-like stone vessel used by the Aztec in sacrificial ceremonies, believed to be for holding human hearts. A cuauhxicalli would often be decorated with animal motifs, commonly eagles or jaguars. Another kind of cuauhxicalli is the Chacmool-type, which is shaped as a reclining person holding a bowl on his belly.
## Gallery
<File:20041229-Ocelotl-Cuauhxicalli> (Museo Nacional de Antropología) MQ.jpg\|Jaguar-shaped cuauhxicalli in the National Museum of Anthropology of Mexico <File:Mighty> carved stone eagle.jpg\|Cuauhxicalli in the shape of an eagle, from the Templo Mayor <File:Cuauhxicalli>, National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City.webm\|Video of a cuauhxicalli, National Museum of Anthropology of Mexico <File:Cuauhxicalli> image
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# Vítor Vinha
**Vítor Simões da Vinha** (born 11 November 1986) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a left-back, currently manager of Benfica\'s under-23 team.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
### Club
Vinha was born in Oliveira de Frades, Viseu District. He reached Académica de Coimbra\'s youth system at the age of 13, going on to represent that side, Estrela da Amadora, Olhanense and Gil Vicente in the Primeira Liga, and appeared for Aves, Beira-Mar and Famalicão in the Segunda Liga.
In the 2009--10 season, Vinha competed in the Cypriot First Division with Nea Salamis Famagusta. In June 2010, he considered the possibility of taking the club to court due to unpaid wages.
### International
Vinha won 14 caps for Portugal across all youth levels. His only appearance for the under-21 team occurred on 19 August 2008, as he played the full 90 minutes in a 2--3 friendly home loss against the Czech Republic.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
On 7 October 2018, Vinha served as interim manager at his former club Académica after Carlos Pinto had been fired the day before a second-tier match against Estoril. Three days later, João Alves, their seventh coach in less than 18 months, was hired.
Vinha joined Luís Freire\'s staff at Nacional in December 2020, after having started the season with Académica\'s under-19s. The pair then spent two years with Rio Ave, achieving promotion to the top flight at the end of the 2021--22 campaign.
On 17 June 2024, Vinha replaced Paulo Lopes as head coach of Benfica\'s under-23 team
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# Daly College
**The Daly College** is a group of institutions consisting of a co-educational private boarding, day school, a private junior school, an undergraduate management school and a postgraduate business school, located in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was founded by Sir Henry Daly of the British Indian Army during India\'s colonial British Raj, following an English public school model. The school started in 1870 as the Residency School. It was then renamed as the East Rajkumar College in 1876, and in 1882, it came to be known as The Daly College. It was established by the Resident Governor of the erstwhile Presidency, to educate the children of the royalty, nobility and aristocracy of Central Indian Princely States of the \'Marathas\', \'Rajputs\', \'Mohameddans\' and \'Bundelas\'. It is one of the oldest co-educational boarding schools in the world.
the school has more than 2,000 students. It is ranked 1st in India by Educationworld India for the year 2015 in the category day-cum-boarding schools.
Daly College is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and CIE. In 2007, the first International Round Square Conference was held at Daly College, and was attended by former King Constantine II of Greece as its president. In December that year, a commemorative stamp on the college was released by India Post. The school is a member of the G20 Schools Group. The Daly College also has an undergraduate management school --- the **Daly College of Business Management** (*DCBM*) which is affiliated to **Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya** (informally abbreviated **DAVV**, formerly **University of Indore)**, and provides a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in different disciplines. Daly College also has a Business School under its umbrella -- the **Daly College Business School** (*DCBS*), affiliated to AICTE, DCBS offers a Post Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) in various disciplines.
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# Daly College
## History
The school has its origins in the Residency School, founded by Sir Henry Daly Governor General of India\'s Agent to Central India Agency in 1870, as a school for the children of nobility and aristocrats in the Indore Residency. It was later renamed as the East Rajkumar College in 1876, and in 1882 the school received its present name, The Daly College, after its founder. The school was visited by Lord Northbrook (1st Earl of Northbrook) Viceroy and Governor-General of India in 1875, thereafter it was renamed \"Indore Residency College\" in 1876. In 1882 the Chiefs named the school \"The Daly College\" to honour the contribution of Sir Henry Daly.
The foundation stone of the new building was laid on 14 November 1885 by Lord Dufferin (1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava) Viceroy and Governor-General of India, as a memorial in the honour of Sir Henry Daly. In 1891 the two Maratha Maharajas, Sir Shivaji Rao Holkar of Indore (Hokar State) and Sir Madho Rao Scindia of Gwalior donated the two student houses, \'Gwalior House\' and \'Indore House\'. In 1898 the \"Rajkumar School\", which had opened at Nowgaon near Chhatarpur (Bundelkhand) in 1872, was amalgamated with the Daly College. Later Lt. Gen. Maharajadhiraja Sir Madho Rao Scindia, Maharaja of Gwalior unveiled a bust in the honour of Sir Henry Daly in the main building of the school.
In 1905, Sir Henry\'s son, Sir Hugh Daly, was appointed agent to the Governor-General for Central India at Indore, to the position previously occupied by his father. He took great interest in the Daly College and made it flourish it as a Chief\'s College. Maharajadhiraja Sir Tukojirao Holkar III, Maharaja of Indore (Hokar State) then donated 118 acre of land east of the old campus and rulers contributed to build on the newly acquired land. Construction started in 1906 on two student houses, a temple, a mosque and the Principal\'s residence. The main building was constructed with marble from the Udaipur quarries and was designed in the Indo-Saracenic architecture by Col. Sir Samuel Swinton Jacob. The clock tower was donated by Maharaja Sir Sayaji Rao III Gaekwad of Baroda.
The main building was officially inaugurated on 8 November 1912 by Lord Hardinge (1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst) Viceroy and Governor-General of India, after which the old campus was given up. For the next 28 years the college was open exclusively to the sons of the Princes and Chiefs of Central India as well as the rest in the Indian Empire. In 1940 the Board of Governors decided to prepare students for a modern and free India. The Daly College came together with a few other institutions and started the Indian Public Schools Conference. Its doors were thrown open to admissions on merit, regardless of caste or creed. Recently, the school added an 1100+ seat auditorium to its infrastructure.
The school became coeducational residential in 1997, and in 2005 it became a member of the Round Square. It was proclaimed the second best school in India in 2013. The school won the prestigious \"Kasliwal Trophy\" for a record 20 times (1992--2012).
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# Daly College
## The College Coat of Arms {#the_college_coat_of_arms}
**Motto** -- The Sanskrit motto \"Gyanamev Shakti\" or \"Knowledge is power\".
**Coat of arms** -- The arms represent the main section of the Central Indian Community Maratha, Rajput, Bundela and Mohammedan. The arms have been devised in great measure from those given to chiefs on the Delhi, banners of 1877.
**1st Quarter** -- \'Tenne\' is the nearest Heraldic colour to \'Bhagwa\', the colour of Maratha standard and of Saivite devotee: the wings and flame represent the Pawars (Puars of Dewas Junior, Dewas Senior & Dhar), who derived descent from the Parmars, the worldwide Sovereignty of clan being proverbial (Wings), while they were also Aganikulas (Flame), the play of 6 argent and gules gives the well known Holkar banner, while the horse of Khandoba is their emblem, the chief azure is for Scindia, and the cobra is the mark of the house.
**2nd Quarter** -- A Barry of fives is the Pachranga of the Rajputs: the sun representing the Suryavanshis and the moon the Chandravanshis, the flame the Agnivanshis.
**3rd Quarter** -- Green is the Mohammedan colour and the crescent their badge: the tower represents Bhopal and its fort of Fatehgarh, the spear and \'talwar\' the Pindari element, and the fish, the Mani Martib- the sacred emblem.
**4th Quarter** -- Purpure or murrey is given to all Bundela Arms, the Chevron \'gutty de sang\' refers to the traditional origin from \'bund\' a drop, the fort on a hill to the famous Ath-kot of Bundelkhand, and to the Vindhyas whence also (Vyandhyelkhand) they derive their name: Devi Vindhyvasini of Mirzapur is the Tutelary goddess of the clan.
**The Daly arms** are commemorative of General Sir Henry Daly, from whom the College derives its name. All these symbols of different states are brought together by a common motto \'Gyanameva Shakti\'.
**The Supporters** -- On the right a Maratha prince and on the left Rajput Prince. Below the barley refers to Bundelkhand and the poppy to Malwa, thus designating the east and the west of the Region. And the British Lion is seated on top.
## Patrons of the Institution {#patrons_of_the_institution}
**Honorary**
- Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon, Viceroy of India
- Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow, Viceroy of India
- Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, Viceroy of India
- Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Viceroy of India
**Hereditary**
- Maharaja Shrimant Sir Jivaji Rao Scindia of Gwalior State
- Maharaja Shrimant Sir Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore (Hokar State)
- Nawab Sir Muhammad Hamidullah Khan of Bhopal
- Maharaja Sir Gulab Singh Baghel Ju Deo, Maharaja of Rewa
***(Post-independence)***
- Maharaja Shrimant Sir Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore (Hokar State)
- Maharaja Shrimant Madhav Rao II Scindia of Gwalior State
- Nawab-Begum Saleha Sultan of Bhopal
- Maharaja Martand Singh Baghel Ju Deo of Rewa
**Alive**
*Hereditary -*
- Maharaja Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia of Gwalior State
- Maharani Usha Devi Holkar of Indore (Hokar State)
- Maharaja Pushpraj Singh Baghel Ju Deo of Rewa
*Life -*
- Raja Digvijay Singh of Raghogarh (Gwalior State)
- Mukesh Ambani
- Anil Ambani
- Jyotiraditya Scindia
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# Daly College
## Presidents of the Board of Governors {#presidents_of_the_board_of_governors}
**British Raj**
- Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst: (1910--1916)
- Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford : (1916--1921)
- Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading: (1921--1925)
- Victor Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton: (1925--1926)
- Lord Irwin: (1926--1929)
- George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen: (1929--1931).
- Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon: (1931--1933)
- Maharaja Shrimant Sir Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore (Hokar State) : (1933--1940).
- Nawab Sir Muhammad Hamidullah Khan of Bhopal : (1940--1942).
- Maharaja Sir Vir Singh II of Orchha (Tikamgarh) : (1942--1946).
**Union of India**
- Maharaja Shrimant Sir Vikram Singh Rao Puar of Dewas State \[Senior\] : (1946--1948).
- Maharaja Shrimant Anand Rao IV Puar of Dhar State : (1948--1949).
**Republic of India**
- Maharaja Shrimant Sir Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore (Hokar State) : (1949--1955).
- Raja Yashodhar Singh Chauhan of Khilchipur : (1955--1959).
- Maharaja Chhatrapati Sir Shahaji II Bhonsale of Kolhapur State : (1959--1965).
- Maharaja Shrimant Krishnaji Rao III Puar of Dewas State \[Senior\] : (1965--1968).
- Raja Ajit Singh Rathore of Jhabua : (1968--1971).
- Raja Bhanu Prakash Singh Parmar of Narsingarh : (1971--1980).
- Raja Ajit Singh Rathore, of Jhabua : (1980--1983).
- Rana Surendra Singh Rathore of Alirajpur : (1983--1987).
- Maharaja Shrimant Krishnaji Rao III Puar of Dewas State \[Senior\] : (1987--1991).
- Thakur Jayendra Singh Jadon of Kathiwada *{Honorary}* : (1991--1995).
- Maharaja Shrimant Krishnaji Rao III Puar of Dewas State \[Senior\] : (1995--1997).
- Thakur Narendra Singh Rathore of Bidwal (Dhar State) *{Honorary}* : (1997--2004).
- Maharaja Shrimant Tukoji Rao IV Puar of Dewas State \[Senior\] : (2004--2007).
- Raja Narendra Singh Rathore of Jhabua : (2008--2010).
- Maharaja Shrimant Tukoji Rao IV Puar of Dewas State \[Senior\] : (From 2010 to 2015).
- Maharaja Shrimant Tukoji Rao IV Puar of Dewas State \[Senior\] : (From 14 June 2015 to 19 June 2015) (re-elected but died).
- Rajmata Shrimant Gayatri Raje Puar of Dewas State \[Senior\] : (2015--2017)
- Raja Narendra Singh Rathore of Jhabua : (2018--2022).
- Maharaja Shrimant Vikram Singh Rao II Puar of Dewas State \[Senior\] : (2022--Present)
## Notable alumni {#notable_alumni}
- Arun Subhashchandra Yadav
- Deepak Obhrai
- Digvijay Bhonsale
- Digvijaya Singh
- Shahryar Khan
- G. S. Sareen
- Hanumant Singh
- K. M
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# Vladimir Babeshko
**Vladimir A. Babeshko** (born 30 May 1941; Russian: Владимир Андреевич Бабешко) is a Russian physicist and the former President of Kuban State University in Krasnodar, Russia.
## Directions of activity {#directions_of_activity}
In 1982, Vladimir Babeshko was elected President of Kuban State University. Having found support among the workers of the university, Babeshko started implementing the idea of improving educational process based on the priority development of science. Under his leadership Kuban State University became one of the leading institutions of higher education in Russia. In 2002, the Russian-Swiss Business Club awarded a gold medal for outstanding business reputation to Kuban State University.
Babeshko is a member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Higher Certification Board, American Acoustical Society, Vice-President of the Russian Rectors\' Union and \"Znanie\" International Organization.
Babeshko has a Doctor of Sciences (physics and mathematics), Professor, Full Member of the Russian Academy of Science. He is one of the scientists who discovered the existence of high frequency resonance in semi-restricted media with inhomogeneities.
## Scientific interests {#scientific_interests}
V.A. Babeshko is a specialist in the field of mechanics of a deformable solid body, applied mathematics, integral and differentiated equations, geophysics, acoustics, seismology, ecology. He is one of the authors who discovered a new physical phenomenon: the existence of high-frequency resonance in semi-bounded environments with heterogeneities. The main results of studies of this phenomenon are widely used in aviation, engineering, seismology and ecology. These methods are indispensable in assessing the strength of engineering structures and structures. V. A. Babeshko directs research on the seismic safety of cities that are located at the junction of geophysics and mechanics and are made with the support of scientists from other countries, in particular from the United States.
## Awards
Babeshko has received the Laureate of the State Award of the Russian Federation, Laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Award, Vice-President of the Russian Union of Rectors, and is a member of the Russian Higher Attestation Committee and the Acoustical Society of America. He is an honoured Scientist of Russia, Kuban and the Republic of Adygea. Awarded the \"Sign of Honour\" Order and the Order of People's Friendship, the Vavilov medal and the medal of Kuban Hero of Labour, an honorary breastplate \"Rector of the Year\" (2004, 2005). In January 2006, Babeshko was elected Honorary Senator of the Berlin University of Applied Sciences, which once again demonstrated the international recognition of the university.
## Publications
Over 300 research works published, including five monographs
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# Anzor Kavazashvili
**Anzor Amberkovich Kavazashvili** (`{{lang-ka|ანზორ ყავაზაშვილი}}`{=mediawiki}, *Анзор Амберкович Кавазашвили*, born 19 July 1940) is a Soviet former football goalkeeper of Georgian nationality.
## International career {#international_career}
He played for Soviet Union national team (29 matches), and was a participant at the 1966 FIFA World Cup and 1970 FIFA World Cup. After ending his playing career, he worked as a coach of several teams, including Spartak Kostroma and national teams of Chad and Guinea
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# Dorohoi pogrom
On 1 July 1940, in the town of Dorohoi in Romania, Romanian military units carried out a pogrom against the local Jews, during which, according to an official Romanian report, 53 Jews were murdered, and dozens injured. According to the town\'s Jews, the number of fatalities was between 165 and 200. These acts were committed before Romania entered World War II, before it became Germany\'s ally, and before the German military entered the country.
Although the Romanian government had taken steps against Jews, including antisemitic laws, and seizure of Jewish property, these military actions against the Jews were not endorsed by the government; when the conspiracy against the Jews was discovered by the military command, troops were sent to put an end to the abuse. The perpetrators, however, were not punished.
## Background
The Molotov--Ribbentrop Pact (August 1939) gave the Soviet Union a green light to take back Bessarabia in June 1940 (see *June 1940 Soviet Ultimatum*, and *Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina*).
During the Romanian Army\'s withdrawal from Bessarabia, some of the local residents demonstrated their joy. Attacks on the soldiers by locals are also documented. Various reports speak of attacks on the retreating soldiers by Jews, though their veracity is disputed, and some have been proven to be fabrications. Additionally, although the reports defined all of them as \"Jews\", among the celebrators and attackers were Ukrainians, Russians, pro-Communists, newly released criminals, and ethnic Romanians. These reports, regardless of veracity, did much to incite many Romanians against Jews, strengthening existing Anti-Semitic sentiment.
The Romanian people were traumatized and frustrated by giving up these areas without a war, and the regime\'s position weakened significantly. The government scapegoated the Jews, with the press\' support:
> Confronted with an extremely serious crisis and doubting their regime could survive, Romanian government officials turned the Jews into a political \"lightning rod,\" channeling popular discontent toward the minority. Notable in this report is the reaction of the Romanian press, whose rage was directed more toward Jews than the Soviets, the real aggressors. Given that the Romanian press was censored in 1940, the government must have played a role in this bias. A typical form of anticipatory scapegoating was to let Jewish leaders know that the Romanian authorities might launch acts of repression against the Jews.
The incited Romanians, and especially the Romanian soldiers, looked for ways to take revenge on the Jews. In 1930, the population of Dorohoi was 15,866, of which 5,788 were Jews. Although local Jews had long suffered from Antisemitism, it was greatly increased by the passing of Romanian refugees, who were spreading tales of Jews\' scheming against the Romanians.
## Preparations for the pogrom {#preparations_for_the_pogrom}
On 30 June 1940, soldiers from the two brigades stationed in the area went from door to door warning the Romanian residents of the \"revenge\" about to take place against the Jews. The Christians placed religious icons in their windows, drew crosses on their homes, or raised Romanian national flags, to let the rioters know not to harm them. In the town, the rumor spread that harming the Jews would be allowed for 24 hours.
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# Dorohoi pogrom
## The pogrom {#the_pogrom}
In an incident between Romanian and Soviet military men in Herţa, neighboring Dorohoi, the Soviets killed a Romanian officer, and a Jewish-Romanian soldier, Iancu Solomon, who was trying to defend the officer. The two were laid to rest in separate funerals. A firing squad was sent to Solomon\'s funeral, made up of 10 Jewish soldiers from the battalions stationed nearby. Some local Jews also participated in the funeral. Right after the coffin was lowered into the grave, many shots were heard, and the local Jews ran and hid in the local cleansing room. The Jewish soldiers, turning to the cemetery gates, were surrounded by soldiers from the 3rd Border Patrol battalion, commanded by a Colonel. The Jews, peering from the cleansing room, saw the Jewish soldiers disarmed and stripped of their uniforms. They were put up against the cemetery\'s back wall and shot by the Romanian soldiers. Seven were killed instantly, and three injured. The Romanians placed a submachine gun in the hands of the already dead Emil Bercovici, the senior Jewish soldier, to stage the notion that he had started firing on the Romanians. An especially strong downpour begun, stopping the killing for a while, and allowing some of the Jewish crowd to slip away. Many Romanian soldiers, commanded by a Lieutenant, removed the Jews from the cleansing room using violence and threats. They were led to a ditch outside the cemetery. Two old men and one child managed to escape before the shooting began. The soldiers continued hunting the Jews hiding in the cemetery with the help of the place\'s Romanian keeper.
Concurrently, soldiers led by officers and sergeant majors burst into the town shouting \"the Bolsheviks are coming\". The soldiers raped, robbed, tortured and murdered Jews for 24 hours. The lives of many were saved due to the great attention the soldiers gave to the robberies. Many acts of cruelty were committed, among them:
- Avraham Calmanovici was shot after his testicles were cut off.
- An old couple named Elli and Feiga Reizel were murdered after their ears were cut off.
- Rivka Croitoru had her breasts amputated.
- Hershko Croitoru had petrol poured on his beard, which was then lit up.
The life of the head of the local Jewish community, Dr. Isac Axler, was saved after he managed to prove to the soldiers stopping his carriage that he had been discharged from the Romanian military with the rank of Colonel, and was awarded two medals of valor.
Jews walking in the streets were stopped by officers, had their papers checked, and when their Jewish identity was confirmed, murdered.
At this point, the local 29th infantry brigade, who were not privy to the murder plot, stepped in. The brigade sent a company to patrol the town and restore order. After local Romanians shouted at the soldiers and told them that Jews were firing at soldiers, Lieutenant Vasile Isăceanu took \"precautionary measures\" - he ordered ten Jewish soldiers, disarmed of their weapons, to march in front of the unit. Soon the unit\'s soldiers joined the persecution of the Jews, arresting them under false charges of firing at soldiers. The battalion\'s vice commander, Stino, prevented the soldiers from executing the detained Jews, and saved from certain death 20 Jewish soldiers, who were already stripped bare, waiting to be executed.
A downpour stopped the killings, but not the looting. Some local Roma (Gypsies) joined this activity, stole as much as they could from Jewish homes and thanked the soldiers with song and dance.
The pogrom was stopped by order of General Constantin Sănătescu, who discovered the events by accident, seeing injured Jews. He ordered Colonel Ilasievici to investigate the matter.
## The cover up {#the_cover_up}
On 2 July, the day after the pogrom, the Romanian military\'s Chief of Staff reported that the 3rd brigade \"took revenge\" on the Jews because of the difficulties they had had with the Jews of Bessarabia. According to his report, the soldiers killed four Jews, injured 15, and plundered several shops.
The military prosecutor of the 8th Corps headed a committee to investigate the events, with the participation of doctors and the town\'s representatives. On 3 July, the military prosecutor found 50 unidentified corpses, among them 11 women, five children and six non-local Jewish soldiers. The prosecutor did not determine the identity of the murderers, and only determined that the deaths were the results of gunshot wounds. The bodies were buried quickly by a company of troops, due to the advanced stage of decomposition they were in. Officially, it was determined that 53 Jews were murdered, but the Jews claimed, according to the community\'s records, that the number of victims was between 165 and 200. The bodies in the ditch outside the cemetery were not exhumed from their mass grave, and were not counted.
The local head of police, Gheorghe Pamfil, composed a report about a \"skirmish event\", resulting in the death of a few Jews.
The officers of the 3rd brigade were transferred to other positions, and the brigade left the town with its carriages filled with loot. Among the pillaged goods were cans of paint, which were not properly sealed, and the convoy\'s trail was marked with paint stolen from the Jews
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# Károly Aggházy
**Károly Aggházy** `{{IPA|hu|ˈkaːroj ˈɒkhaːzi|}}`{=mediawiki} (30 October 1855, Budapest -- 8 October 1918, Budapest) was a Hungarian piano virtuoso and composer.
Aggházy was a pupil of Robert Volkmann, Anton Bruckner, and Franz Liszt. He later taught at the National Conservatory in Budapest. Besides several operas, most notably *Maritta* (1895), he chiefly wrote chamber music and pieces for piano. He died in Budapest at age 62.
## Works (selection) {#works_selection}
## Discography
- 2021: Acte Préalable AP0511 -- Károly Aggházy - Works for Piano (Sławomir P
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# The Magnificent (song)
**\"The Magnificent\"** is a 1995 song by the **One World Orchestra** (Bill Drummond and Jimmy Cauty, better known as The KLF), recorded for the War Child charity compilation, *The Help Album*, which was released to raise funds for children affected by the Bosnian War. As with the other contributions to the album, it was recorded on 4 September 1995 and released five days later. It coincided with the screening of Drummond and Cauty\'s film about the K Foundation\'s burning of one-million British pounds, and the duo fielded questions from audiences relating the subjects.
The only song released by the duo under the One World Orchestra moniker, the song is a drum and bass-styled cover version of the theme music from *The Magnificent Seven*, with vocal contributions from the counter-culturist DJ Fleka of Serbian radio station B92, who agreed to participate after Drummond and Cauty\'s original idea of Robbie Williams was unavailable. Despite the duo\'s dislike of \"The Magnificent\", it was used by B92 as a jingle and, in 1996, it became recognised as a protest song against the Serbian government of Slobodan Milošević.
## Origins
In late summer 1995, Tony Crean of Go! Discs Records spoke with Bill Drummond about the proposed *Help Album*, a not-for-profit charity LP for children affected by the Bosnian conflict. Although Drummond claimed that the duo \"despised the whole idea of people in the entertainment world getting publicly involved with charity\", he and his KLF musical partner Jimmy Cauty nonetheless agreed to participate.
The turnaround time of the album\'s production, from its recording to its appearance in record shops, was a tight five-day schedule, with all recording to be complete by the end of the first day (4 September 1995). To produce the song, Drummond and Cauty re-assembled The KLF\'s regular production team: keyboardist Nick Coler, engineer Ian Richardson, and mixer Mark \"Spike\" Stent. Cauty had for some time been entertaining the notion of covering Elmer Bernstein\'s theme from *The Magnificent Seven*. According to Drummond, the duo envisaged crafting this alongside the vocals of Robbie Williams, recently sacked from the band Take That for his wayward behaviour in the presence of the paparazzi. Williams, however, was unavailable, holidaying in Turkey with his mother, and so due to the production deadline, this collaborative idea was abandoned.
An alternative vocal focus was found at short notice in Fleka (real name Miomir Grujić), a Belgradian counter-culturist well-known in Serbia \"for his involvement in a huge variety of art, music and media projects dating back to 1980 and the communist regime of Tito\". In 1995, Fleka was a late-night DJ for the subversive independent Serbian radio station B92, where he was a vocal critic of the incumbent Serbian president Slobodan Milošević. At the request of Drummond and Cauty, the duo recorded some phrases spoken down a phone line by Fleka: \"This is Radio B92: Serbia calling. Message follows\", and \"Humans against killing: that sounds like a junkie against dope\". In return for the contribution, Drummond and Cauty agreed to visit Serbia and appear on Fleka\'s radio show.
Fleka\'s words were incorporated into the track and, titled \"The Magnificent\", it was dispatched to Go! Discs, with Cauty and Drummond assuming the pseudonym \'One World Orchestra featuring the Massed Pipes and Drums of the Children\'s Free Revolutionary Volunteer Guard\'. Although this was the first and only occasion on which the duo adopted the elaborate One World Orchestra name, *Select* magazine commented that \"it was obvious to any close observer of pop\" who was behind the composition.
Members of *The Help Album* production team planned for the One World Orchestra track to open the album, but this idea was vetoed by executive producer and War Child patron Brian Eno, who considered the song \"too political\" for that role; instead, \"The Magnificent\" was placed as track 15 of the album.
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# The Magnificent (song)
## Charity and money-burning {#charity_and_money_burning}
On 5 September 1995, as the K Foundation, Cauty and Drummond presented the first British screening of *Watch the K Foundation Burn a Million Quid*. Fielding questions from an audience oblivious to the duo\'s recent studio endeavours, they were asked whether they would make any more music, to which Drummond scoffed, \"What do you expect us to do, go and make a jungle record?\", and Cauty: \"Yeah, like a jungle novelty record with some strings on it or something. It would just be sad wouldn\'t it? We\'re too old.\" When interviewed after the event by BBC Radio 1\'s Steve Lamacq, \"The Magnificent\" was aired, and the K Foundation revealed that they were going to screen *Watch the K Foundation Burn a Million Quid* in Belgrade\'s Republic Square the following week, motivated, according to Drummond, \"to ask \[the audience\] if its `{{sic}}`{=mediawiki} a crime against humanity\".
The film was shown as planned, powered by a hot dog kiosk and projected on to \"a pair of double-sized white bed sheets\" held up with drawing pins, in the absence of a suitable screen. An audience member told the duo:
According to Drummond, members of the audience applauded when Cauty obligingly burned a banknote of hyper-inflated Serbian currency.
During their stay in Belgrade the duo were guests for the duration of Fleka\'s three-hour late-night B92 show. Fleka aired \"K Cera Cera\", in comparison to which, Drummond felt, \"\[\"The Magnificent\"\] sounded pathetic. We had let the \[Bosnian\] children down\". Nevertheless, the One World Orchestra song was donated to B92 for use as a jingle.
At a subsequent screening of *Watch the K Foundation Burn a Million Quid* for Bradford anarchists, Drummond and Cauty were challenged to reconcile their contribution to a charity record with their burning of a million pounds. Cauty\'s response was that \"The Magnificent\" \"was a mistake; we should never have done that.\" Drummond agreed, elaborating:
Irrespective of the duo\'s regrets, \"The Magnificent\" was, by 1996, not just a jingle of B92 but the station\'s signature tune. From this use, the song ultimately became recognised as a protest anthem of Serbia\'s discontented anti-Milošević resistance. Recalling events in his book *45*, Drummond mused that \"a track we recorded in a day, never released as a single, thought was crap and had forgotten about has taken on a meaning, an importance in a \'far off land\' for a struggle I hardly understand.\"
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# The Magnificent (song)
## Composition
\"The Magnificent\" is a short composition, in keeping with the requirements of *The Help Album*{{\'}}s producers. According to the album\'s originator, Tony Crean, \"We had trouble fitting all the tracks on---I had to tell the artists not to make their tracks longer than 3 minutes 45. \... \[W\]hen Bill Drummond told me The KLF (One World Orchestra) track was only two minutes, it was a cert.\"
The track is a cover version of *The Magnificent Seven* theme. Its tempo approximates that of the original tune, but whereas the original is percussively sparse, One World Orchestra\'s drum-oriented cover has a tempo in excess of 160 beats per minute, which is typical of drum \'n\' bass tracks.
\"The Magnificent\" features no sung vocals, but uses sampled speech throughout, in the form of Fleka\'s contributions and, punctuating the track at points, a male voice announcing \"The Magnificent!\" -- this vocal sample was taken from the introduction of the 1971 release \"Double Barrel\" by Dave and Ansil Collins. Recurring prominently are sounds of machine-gun, six shooter and artillery fire, a theme used regularly in The KLF\'s late singles (most overtly \"What Time Is Love? (Live at Trancentral)\", \"3 a.m. Eternal (Live at the S.S.L.)\" and a B-side, \"America No More\"). Police car sirens, used in the duo\'s \"Doctorin\' the Tardis\" and \"Build a Fire\", also feature here. Both the gunfire and the sirens are fitted to rhythmically accentuate the fast tempo.
The song begins with Fleka\'s \"This is Radio B92: Serbia calling\", and launches into *The Magnificent Seven* melody on horn and string sounds, against a backdrop of gunfire that blends into fast drum machine patterns. During the two breaks, Fleka\'s \"Humans against killing: that sounds like a junkie against dope\" is backed first by the melody played on soft flutes, and second by a sequence of climactic string chords not present on the original theme. The speaker\'s separation from the listener is conveyed by the thick static interference that accompanies his words over the phone line. Fleka\'s sentiment---that humankind cannot control its urge to kill---offers insight into his perspective as a citizen within Milošević\'s regime.
## Reception
*Select* magazine called \"The Magnificent\" a \"comic-epic cover\". *The Scotsman* retrospectively extolled One World Orchestra\'s \"wilfully provocative\" offering as the \"best of all\" contributions to \"one of the best compilations of the 1990s\".
In 2002, the *Glasgow Herald* contrasted the career of Drummond with that of One World Orchestra\'s desired collaborator Robbie Williams: \"In the shadow of EMI\'s multi-million pound marriage to Williams \[reportedly worth the then unprecedented sum of £80m\], Drummond\'s seemingly esoteric projects make complete sense and ooze relevance\"
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# Simba Marumo
**Hareaipha \"Simba\" Marumo** (born 6 January 1978) is a South African former soccer player who played as a striker.
As a teenager, he played for Inter Milan\'s youth academy.
He later served as president of the South African Football Players Union
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# Great Cornard
**Great Cornard** is a large village and civil parish that is part of the town of Sudbury, in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England.
## History
The area now called Great Cornard has been occupied since pre-history, with evidence of Palaeolithic, Bronze Age and Roman settlements in the parish. The village is accounted for in the Domesday Book of 1086 as the manor of Cornard. A small undated ringwork, located to the south of Abbas Hall, may have been an manorial centre pre-Norman conquest. Alternatively, it may have been a post-conquest manor or ringwork castle.
The village was consistently a small one until the 20th century. Following the turn of the century the population steadily increased and a council estate was built in the 1960s. In the 1950s and 60s the village was greatly expanded following the County of London Plan, with the village taking in London overspill. By the beginning of the 21st century the population of Great Cornard was approaching that of the town of Sudbury.
## Sport & Leisure {#sport_leisure}
Great Cornard has a Non-League football club Cornard United who play at Blackhouse Lane. The village is also the homes of the hockey and rugby union teams for neighbouring Sudbury, also the home of the Sudbury Motor Cycle Club track at Tye Farm.
On the outskirts of the village lies Cornard Country Park, a nature reserve containing wild flower meadows and woodland.
## Education
Secondary education is provided by Thomas Gainsborough School, which also houses the village\'s sports centre, library and theatre. Primary schools include Wells Hall Primary School and Pot Kiln Primary School.
## Notable residents {#notable_residents}
Former Arsenal footballer, Perry Groves grew up in Great Cornard, playing for youth team Cornard Dynamos Football Club as a boy
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# Frank Drozak
**Frank Drozak** (December 24, 1927 -- June 21, 1988) was an American labor leader. He was president of the Seafarers International Union (SIU) from 1980 until his death in 1988. Drozak was also president of the AFL-CIO Maritime Trades Department
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# Nucula
***Nucula*** is a genus of very small saltwater clams. They are part of the family Nuculidae.
## Fossil records {#fossil_records}
This genus is very ancient. Fossils are known from the Arenig to the Quaternary (age range: from 478.6 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils are found in the marine strata all over the world.
## Description
Shells of species within this genus can reach a size of about 30 mm. They are equivalve, symmetrical, approximately triangular. The surface has fine concentric growth lines. These clams live in the muddy sand close to the sediment surface at a depth of 20 to 200 meters.
## Species
Nowadays there are still many species of this genus, which have had virtually no change in the course of time. Species within the genus *Nucula* include: `{{div col|colwidth=22em}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Nucula annulata* Hampson, 1971
- *Nucula atacellana* Schenck, 1939 - cancellate nutclam
- *Nucula austrobenthalis* Dell, 1990
- *Nucula beachportensis* Verco, 1907
- *Nucula benguelana* (A. H. Clarke, 1961)
- *Nucula brasiliana* Esteves, 1984
- *Nucula calcicola* Moore, 1977 - reef nutclam
- *Nucula callicredemna* Dall, 1890
- *Nucula cancellata* Meek & Hayden, 1856
- *Nucula cardara* Dall, 1916
- *Nucula carlottensis* Dall, 1897 - Charlotte nutclam
- *Nucula certisinus* Finlay, 1930
- *Nucula chrysocome*
- *Nucula consentanea* Melvill & Standen, 1907
- *Nucula covra* Bergmans, 1978
- *Nucula crassicostata* E. A. Smith, 1872
- *Nucula crassidens* Nicklès, 1955
- *Nucula crenulata* A. Adams, 1856 - crenulate nutclam
- *Nucula crystallina* Poppe, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015
- *Nucula culebrensis* E. A. Smith, 1885
- *Nucula cymella* Dall, 1886
- *Nucula darella* Dall, 1916
- *Nucula declivis* Hinds, 1843
- *Nucula delphinodonta* Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842 - dolphintooth nutclam
- *Nucula distincta* Turton, 1932
- *Nucula donaciformis* E. A. Smith, 1895
- *Nucula dorsocrenata* (Habe, 1977)
- *Nucula dunedinensis* Finlay, 1928
- *Nucula exigua* G. B. Sowerby I, 1833 - iridescent nutclam, short nutclam
- *Nucula exodonta* Prashad, 1932
- *Nucula faba* Xu, 1999
- *Nucula falklandica* Preston, 1912
- *Nucula fernandensis* Villarroel, 1971
- *Nucula fernandinae* Dall, 1927
- *Nucula gallinacea* Finlay, 1930
- *Nucula granulosa* Verrill, 1884
- *Nucula groenlandica* Posselt, 1898 - Greenland nutclam
- *Nucula hanleyi* Winckworth, 1931
- *Nucula hartvigiana* Dohrn, 1864
- *Nucula hawaiensis* Pilsbry, 1921
- *Nucula inconspicua* H. Adams, 1871
- *Nucula insignis* (Hayami & Kase, 1993)
- *Nucula interflucta* Marincovich, 1973
- *Nucula iphigenia* Dall, 1896
- *Nucula irregularis* G. B. Sowerby III, 1904
- *Nucula izushotoensis* (Okutani, 1966)
- *Nucula kanaka* Bergmans, 1991
- *Nucula kerguelensis* Thiele, 1912
- *Nucula libera* Bergmans, 1991
- *Nucula malabarica* Hanley, 1860
- *Nucula mariae* Nolf, 2005
- *Nucula marmorea* Hinds, 1843
- *Nucula marshalli* Schenck, 1939
- *Nucula mayi* (Iredale, 1930)
- *Nucula mesembrina* (Hedley, 1916)
- *Nucula mitralis* Hinds, 1843
- *Nucula multidentata* Prashad, 1933
- *Nucula nicklesi* Cosel, 1995
- *Nucula nitidosa* Winckworth, 1930 (unaccepted name: *Nucula turgida* Leckenby & Marshall, 1875)
- *Nucula nitidula* A. Adams, 1856
- *Nucula nitidulaformis* Powell, 1971
- *Nucula notobenthalis* Thiele, 1912
- *Nucula nucleus* (Linnaeus, 1758)
- *Nucula oppressa* Bergmans, 1991
- *Nucula papillifera* Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931
- *Nucula paulula* A. Adams, 1856
- *Nucula percrassa* (Conrad, 1858 )
- *Nucula pisum* G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- *Nucula planiculmen* Kilburn, 1999
- *Nucula praetenta* Iredale, 1924
- *Nucula profundorum* E. A. Smith, 1885
- *Nucula proxima* Say, 1822 - Atlantic nutclam
- *Nucula pseudoexigua* Villarroel & Stuardo, 1998
- *Nucula pusilla* Angas, 1877
- *Nucula recens* Dell, 1956
- *Nucula revei* Bergmans, 1978
- *Nucula rhytidopleura* Kilburn, 1999
- *Nucula rossiana* Finlay, 1930
- *Nucula rugulosa* G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
- *Nucula saltator* (Iredale, 1939)
- *Nucula schencki* Hertlein & Strong, 1940
- *Nucula sculpturata* G. B. Sowerby III, 1904
- *Nucula semen* Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931
- *Nucula semiornata* d\'Orbigny, 1842
- *Nucula sericea* Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931
- *Nucula striolata* A. Adams, 1856
- *Nucula suahelica* (Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931)
- *Nucula subluxa* Kilburn, 1999
- *Nucula subovata* Verrill & Bush, 1898
- *Nucula sulcata* Bronn, 1831
- *Nucula sultana* Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931
- *Nucula surinamensis* Van Regteren Altena, 1968
- *Nucula tamatavica* Odhner, 1943
- *Nucula tenuis* (Montagu, 1808)
- *Nucula tersior* Marwick, 1929 †
- *Nucula thielei* Schenck, 1939
- *Nucula tokyoensis* Yokoyama, 1920
- *Nucula torresi* E. A. Smith, 1885
- *Nucula trigonica* Lan & Lee, 2001
- *Nucula tumidula* (Malm, 1860)
- *Nucula venezuelana* Weisbord, 1964
- *Nucula vincentiana* (Cotton & Godfrey, 1938)
- *Nucula zophos* A. H. Clark, 1960
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# Nucula
## Extinct species {#extinct_species}
Extinct species within the genus *Nucula* include: `{{div col|colwidth=22em}}`{=mediawiki}
- *N. alcocki* † Noetling 1895
- *N. andersoni* † Clark & Durham 1946
- *N. assiniboiensis* † Russell & Landes 1937
- *N. athabaskensis* † McLearn 1931
- *N. brewsterensis* † Hassan 1953
- *N. cancellata* † Meek & Hayden 1857
- *N. cancellata* † Vredenburg 1928
- *N. catalina* † Olsson 1930
- *N. chrysocoma* † Dall 1908
- *N. cilleborgensis* † Ravn 1907
- *N. concinna* † Sowerby 1836
- *N. cossmanni* † Vincent 1892
- *N. costaeimbricatus* † Newton 1922
- *N. crepida* † Marwick 1931
- *N. cunifrons* † Conrad 1860
- *N. domandaensis* † Eames 1951
- *N. gabbiana* † Dickerson 1916
- *N. greppina* † Deshayes 1858
- *N. major* † Richards 1944
- *N. mancorensis* † Olsson 1931
- *N. martini* † Finlay 1927
- *N. micheleae* † Marincovich jr. 1993
- *N. morundiana* † Tate 1886
- *N. narica* † Vredenburg 1928
- *N. nejdensis* † Abbass 1972
- *N. njalindugensis* † Martin 1919
- *N. observatoria* † Ihering 1907
- *N. orbicella* † Olsson 1922
- *N. paboensis* † Olsson 1931
- *N. paytensis* † Adams 1856
- *N. piacentina* † Lamarck
- *N. pilkeyi* † Ward & Blackwelder 1987
- *N. planimarginata* † Meek & Hayden 1857
- *N. praemissa* † Semper 1861
- *N. prunicola* † Dall 1898
- *N. rembangensis* † Martin 1919
- *N. reticularis* † Ortmann 1900
- *N. sedanensis* † Haanstra & Spiker 1932
- *N. semistriata* † Tate 1886
- *N. shaleri* † Dall 1894
- *N. sinaria* † Dall 1898
- *N. stantoni* † Stephenson 1923
- *N. studeri* † d\'Archiac 1850
- *N. subrotundata* † Morningstar 1922
- *N. subtransversa* † Nyst 1844
- *N. suprastriata* † Arnold 1903
- *N. tallahalaensis* † Dockery 1982
- *N. taphria* † Dall 1898
- *N. tatriana* † King 1850
- *N. tersior* † Marwick 1929
- *N. tumida* † Tenison Woods 1877
- *N. turgens* † Wood 1879
- *N. venezuelana* † Weisbord 1964
- *N. ventricosa* † Hall 1868
- *N. vestigia* † Marwick 1929
- *N. vicksburgensis* † Conrad 1848
- *N. waikuraensis* † Marwick 1931
- *N
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