id
int64 39
11.1M
| section
stringlengths 3
4.51M
| length
int64 2
49.9k
| title
stringlengths 1
182
| chunk_id
int64 0
68
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
10,148,554 |
# Charlie Pringle
**Charles Ross Pringle** (18 October 1894 -- 1966) was a Scottish footballer who played as a wing half.
## Career
Born in the village of Nitshill, south of Glasgow, Pringle\'s first professional club was St Mirren, for whom he signed during World War I. On 12 February 1921 he won his only cap for Scotland in a 2--1 win against Wales.
In 1922 Pringle signed for Manchester City, making his debut on 26 August 1922 in the opening game of the 1922--23 season, a 2--0 defeat at Sheffield United. He then proceeded to play in every Manchester City match for over a year. He was part of the Manchester City team which played in the 1926 FA Cup Final, and was captain for part of his City career. After winning a Second Division champions medal in 1927--28, Pringle left Manchester City in the close season as part of a venture to form a new club, Manchester Central F.C.
He later played for Bradford Park Avenue, Lincoln City and Stockport County. After his playing career finished he became a coach. His coaching career included a spell at his former club St Mirren.
Pringle married Lily Meredith, the daughter of fellow Manchester City player Billy Meredith, and played in the same team as his father-in-law seven times
| 218 |
Charlie Pringle
| 0 |
10,148,562 |
# Bartholomew of Brescia
**Bartholomew of Brescia** (b. probably in the second half of the 12th century at Brescia; died 1258) was an Italian canonist.
## Life
He studied Roman and ecclesiastical law at Bologna, where he himself became a teacher. It is believed that he was murdered, when Ezzelino, the leader of the Ghibellines, captured Brescia (1258).
## Works
His literary work consisted almost entirely in the revision of the productions of other writers. His \"Brocarda\", or Canonical Rules (Lyons, 1519), were a working-over of those of Damasus (12th and 13th centuries); his \"Casus decretorum\" were a revision of the \"Casus\" of Benencasa (d. c. 1206); the \"Historiae super libro Decretorum\" reproduced the work of an unknown author. Both his \"Casus\" and \"Historiae\" derive their importance from their incorporation into the Paris edition (1505) of Gratian\'s Decretum.
The \"Ordo Judiciarius\" of Tancred (d. c. 1235) was also revised by Bartholomew.
More important than the preceding works was his \"Glossa Ordinaria\" to the \"Decretum\" of Gratian, a correction of the \"Glossa\", or \"Apparatus\", of Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke (13th century). His only certain independent work was the \"Quaestiones dominicales et veneriales\", lectures delivered on Sundays and Fridays
| 196 |
Bartholomew of Brescia
| 0 |
10,148,591 |
# José Faria
**José \'Mehdi\' Faria** (April 26, 1933 -- October 8, 2013) was a Brazilian football coach. He coached Morocco in the 1986 FIFA World Cup, when they became the first African team to advance to the second round.
He converted to Islam when coaching Morocco.
## Managerial career {#managerial_career}
Faria started his managerial career in Fluminense\'s junior teams, where he worked for more than 10 years. He was responsible for the rise of many Brazilian stars, such as World Cup captain Edinho. He received many offers while working in Brazil. However, he rejected them all due to the risk involved. He eventually changed his mind, and accepted an offer to coach the Qatar under-20 team as a replacement for Evaristo de Macedo who temporarily took charge of Iraq in Mexico. He claimed to have made as much money in Qatar in two years as he had made in last 23 years.
He coached the Morocco national team from 1983 till 1988. He rejected an offer from Inter Milan while coaching the team, and converted to Islam, adopting the middle name of \"Mehdi\"
| 184 |
José Faria
| 0 |
10,148,645 |
# Robert M. Hayes (information scientist)
**Robert Mayo Hayes** (December 18, 1926 -- February 12, 2022) was an American professor and dean of the Graduate School of Library and Information Science (1974--1989), now the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). An expert on information systems, Hayes began his academic career in mathematics and went on to become a pioneer in the field of information science.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Robert Mayo Hayes was born on 3 December 1926, in New York City. During his childhood his family moved frequently because of his stepfather\'s acting career; as a result he attended over sixteen different high schools before receiving his diploma. By that time the United States had entered the Second World War. He was drafted into the Navy, and gained acceptance into the Navy\'s V-12 program, in the context of which he took courses at the University of Colorado Boulder.
After the War, Hayes completed his B.A. in mathematics at UCLA, in 1946; he went on to earn his M.A. in mathematics there in 1949, and his Ph.D. in 1952. While completing his Ph.D., he worked in information science at the National Bureau of Standards.
## Career
Upon receiving his Ph.D. in 1952, Hayes decided to move into industry, and found a position at Hughes Aircraft, where he programmed a computer to fly an airplane. At that time he also taught in UCLA\'s university-extension program. In 1954, he began working at the National Cash Register Company, and a year later he moved to Magnavox Research Laboratories. His work at Magnavox was related to important developments in information storage and retrieval, such as the Minicard and the Magnacard systems. Eager to share his knowledge in the field with students, he subsequently went into teaching; in the 1950s to 1960s he held teaching positions at American University, the University of Washington, and the University of Illinois, as well as Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.
In 1958, Hayes was hired as a vice president of Electrada Corporation, where, together with John A. Postley, he created Advanced Information Systems as a subsidiary of Electrada.
At the 1962 Seattle World\'s Fair (\"Century 21 Exposition\") Hayes led the training program in library automation for the professional staff of the American Library Association (ALA) exhibit, \"Library 21\", which aimed to introduce online retrieval to the general public.
He and Joseph Becker co-authored *Information Storage and Retrieval* (1963), the most comprehensive text in the field at the time. He also partnered with Becker in 1969 to found Becker and Hayes Incorporated, for the purpose of creating an interlibrary network for the State of Washington, a goal that they eventually accomplished.
A lecturer in mathematics at UCLA since 1952, Hayes became a full-time professor there in 1964. Around that time he played a role in the formation of the School of Library Service and the Institute for Library Research.
Hayes was president of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, formerly known as the American Documentation Institute, in 1962/1963. He received the Award of Merit in 1993.
He was president of the Information Science and Automation Division of the American Library Association (later known as the Library and Information Technology Association, or LITA), in 1969--1970.
At UCLA he served as dean of the Graduate School of Library and Information Science from 1974 to 1989, and became professor emeritus in 1991.
From 1987 through the 2000s, Hayes was a visiting professor at a variety of institutions internationally, including Nankai University, Tianjin, China; the University of Library and Information Science, Tsukuba Science City, Japan; Keio University, Tokyo; Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan; the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia; Loughborough University, England; and the University of Graz, Austria.
His research as of 2009 focused on the role of libraries in national information economies, and the philosophical foundations of information science.
He was inducted into the California Librarian Hall of Fame in 2022.
## Publications
- Hayes, Robert M. *Models for Library Management, Decision-Making, and Planning*. San Diego: Academic Press, 2001
- Hayes, Robert M. *Strategic Management for Academic Libraries*. Westport, CO: Greenwood Press, 1993
- Hayes, Robert M. *Libraries and the Information Economy of California*. Los Angeles: UCLA, 1985
- Hayes, Robert M. and Becker, Joseph. *Handbook of Data Processing for Libraries*. New York: Becker and Hayes, 1970 (2nd edition, Wiley, 1974). Winner of Best Information Science Book Award, from ASIS&T, 1971
- Becker, Joseph and Hayes, Robert M. *Information Storage and Retrieval: Tools, Elements, Theories*
| 759 |
Robert M. Hayes (information scientist)
| 0 |
10,148,693 |
# Bo Linde
**Anders Bo Leif Linde** (1 January 1933 -- 2 October 1970) was a Swedish composer whose style resembled that of notable 20th-century neoclassical composers like Benjamin Britten and Samuel Barber.
Born in Gävle, Linde studied music theory with Eric Harald Bengtson before enrolling at the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in 1948, where he studied composition with Lars-Erik Larsson and piano with Olof Wibergh. In 1953, one year after leaving the academy, he went to Vienna to study conducting and traveled around Europe before returning to Sweden. His most performed pieces are his violin concerto, and his Preludio E finale for string orchestra of 1955. His piano concertos display a raucous humour, also found in his children\'s opera for radio Slotts-skoj (1959).
Bo Linde died of unclear health issues perhaps related to drinking, in Gävle hospital at the age of 37.
## Works
**Symphonies**
- Symphony No. 1 (Sinfonia fantasia), op. 1 (1951)
- Symphony No. 2 (dedicated to the Lions Club of Gävle), op. 23 (1960)
- Symphony No. 3
**Piano Concertos**
- Piano Concerto in E major (without op.9 (1950-51)
- Piano Concerto No. 1, op.12 (1954)
- Piano Concerto No. 2, op. 17 (1956)
**Other Orchestral Works**
- Cello Concerto (written for Guido Vecchi), op. 29 (1964-65)
- Violin Concerto (dedicated to Josef Grunfard), op. 18 (1957)
- Concerto for Orchestra, op. 26 (1961-62)
- Pezzo Concertante, op. 41 (1970)
- Pensiere sopra un cantico vecchio, op.35 (1967)
- A Merry Overture, op. 14 (1954)
- Suite for small orchestra, op. 21 ((1959)
- Old-Fashioned Suite for small string orchestra (Gammalmodig Svi), op. 13 (1954)
- Ballet Blanc, Divertisment for orchestra, op. 3 (1952)
- Suite Boulogne, op. 32 (1966)
There is also chamber music for a variety of instruments, choral music, and a large number of songs
| 304 |
Bo Linde
| 0 |
10,148,694 |
# TV3 Sport
**TV3 Sport** is a Danish sports television channel, owned by Viaplay Group and operated by TV3 SPORT. The channel originally broadcast as **TV 2 SPORT** and was a joint-venture between TV 2 and Modern Times Group.
MTG launched a dedicated Danish version of its Viasat Sport channel in January 2002. In December 2006, TV 2 and MTG announced that they would enter a partnership to launch TV 2 SPORT and its sister channel TV 2 SPORT Xtra (later renamed TV 2 SPORT HD). This channel would replace the Danish version of Viasat Sport 1 (as it was then called). It would also mean that Viasat Sport 2 and 3 would disappear from cable television and TV 2\'s second channel TV 2 Zulu would broadcast less sport.
The original launch of TV 2 SPORT was set to 1 March 2007, but the launch had to be postponed since an investigation by the Danish Competition Authority caused a delay. The Competition Authority gave its permission to the establishment of TV 2 SPORT on 11 April 2007, and later that day the channel began broadcasting.
On 8 October 2012, it was announced that MTG would buy TV 2\'s share of TV 2 SPORT, however the deal did not go through until 19 December 2012 when the Competition Authority approved the deal, on the condition that MTG would abide by certain rules until major football TV rights (Danish Superliga, UEFA Champions League) are renegotiated in 2015.
On 7 January 2013, TV3 SPORT 1 began broadcasting and it was announced that an additional channel, TV3 SPORT 2, would be launched on 5 February 2013.
On 31 October 2017, the sister channel TV3 Sport 2 renamed as TV3 Max, and the first channel removed the number 1
| 294 |
TV3 Sport
| 0 |
10,148,703 |
# Høgevarde
**Høgevarde** or **Høgevard** is the second highest peak (1,459 metres, 4,787 feet) on the Norefjell mountain range and the highest point in the municipality of Krødsherad in Buskerud, Norway. It is known for its vast view of an estimated 40,000 km2 over eastern Norway. At the top there is an iron plate giving names and directions to mountains along the horizon. Near the peak is Høgevardehytta, a self-service cabin maintained by the DNT (Den Norske Turistforening)
| 78 |
Høgevarde
| 0 |
10,148,708 |
# Erik Paulson
**Erik Paulson** (born June 28, 1966) is an American mixed martial artist. He is the first American to win the World Light Heavyweight Shooto Championship in Japan.
## Biography
Erik started his career in martial arts starting with Judo at age of eight. However, he got disillusioned after failing to use it in self-defense, when a bully blocked his hip throw by pulling his hair and forced Erik to strike him in order to win. Convinced that striking arts were the best to defend himself, he took up Taekwondo, Boxing, Aikido, Wrestling, and Jujutsu. Many years after, he moved to California and became a student under Dan Inosanto, Gene Lebell, and Benny Urquidez, learning styles like Karate, Jeet Kune Do, Savate, Kali, Kung Fu, Sambo, Muay Thai, Chin Na, Dumog, Panantukan, and Silat. In 1988, however, Paulson returned to explore grappling when he started Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu under Rorion, Royce and Rickson Gracie in his garage. Upon returning to Inosanto\'s academy, he met Yorinaga Nakamura, who taught him Shoot Wrestling. Paulson also trained extensively in Catch Wrestling under Billy Robinson. Paulson got hooked with the style, and through Nakamura he got in touch with Satoru Sayama in order to fight in Shooto. In 1993, Erik had his first fight there, submitting Kazuhiro Kusayanagi. He also asked to compete in Ultimate Fighting Championship, but the Gracies refused as Royce was already going to compete there, so Paulson ended up cornering him instead.
Later, in 1995, Paulson took part in an MMA tournament similar to UFC, World Combat Championships, which divided its participants in \"strikers\" and \"grapplers\" in order to pit them against each other in the finals. Again, a Gracie participated in the event, Renzo, but this time Paulson got the green light to take part in the tournament. Unfortunately, Paulson was put into the striker block, in which rules prohibited submission finishes, and it took away Erik\'s best field. Moreover, his long hair played against him, as he couldn\'t cut it due to his role as a film stuntman. His first match, against Muay Thai exponent Sean McCully, evidenced both disadvantages, with Paulson having to endure hair pulling and a significant punishment in order to finish him by ground and pound. At the second round, he faced Kickboxing champion James Warring, heavier and better rested, and this time Paulson\'s hair weakness took dramatic proportions; Warring grabbed the cage in order to avoid being taken down and literally dragged Paulson around the cage by the hair, making his corner throw the towel. After returning to the Gracie academy, Rickson expelled him without explanation and forbade him to train Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu again, but Paulson simply moved to train it with the Machado brothers.
Paulson still competed in Shooto, being sent as a representative to the Vale Tudo Japan event, where he was submitted in 0:41 by Canadian grappler Carlos Newton. He retired shortly after, focusing in teaching as opposed to fighting, though he came out of retirement in October 2007 to headline the first HDNET MMA fight card. Paulson took on Jeff Ford in the main event of the night. Paulson made quick work of Ford, winning by spinning armbar in the opening minutes of the first round.
Erik is the founder of *Combat Submission Wrestling*, and *STX Kickboxing*. He runs the CSW Training Center in Fullerton, California, where he trains MMA fighters such as Josh Barnett, Ken Shamrock, Renato Sobral, Cub Swanson, and James Wilks. He is closely affiliated with Sean Sherk and Brock Lesnar of the Minnesota Martial Arts Academy. As well, Paulson was the striking coach for Team Lesnar on The Ultimate Fighter: Season 13, and he is the coauthor of a book along with American Combat Association president Matthew Granahan and JD Dwyer on the History of American Submission Wrestling. He also has a younger brother, Leif Paulson, who is an up-and-coming grappler in his own right.
He wrestled for Inoki Genome Federation in 2008.
Erik played Kumite fighter Stellio in *Bloodsport III*, where his character faced Alex Cardo played by Daniel Bernhardt. He trained Djimon Hounsou in Shoot Wrestling for his role of Mixed Martial Arts instructor Jean Roqua in the 2008 action drama *Never Back Down*.
## Championships and accomplishments {#championships_and_accomplishments}
- **Shooto**
- Shooto Light Heavyweight Championship
| 714 |
Erik Paulson
| 0 |
10,148,708 |
# Erik Paulson
## Mixed martial arts record {#mixed_martial_arts_record}
\|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|`{{nowrap|11–4–2}}`{=mediawiki} \|Jeff Ford \|Submission (armbar) \|HDNF 1: HD Net Fights \|`{{dts|2007|October|13|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|1:44 \|Dallas, Texas, United States \| \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|10--4--2 \|Ronald Jhun \|Decision (unanimous) \|SB 17: SuperBrawl 17 \|`{{dts|2000|April|15|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|5:00 \|Honolulu, Hawaii, United States \|Welterweight bout. \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|9--4--2 \|Masanori Suda \|TKO (punches) \|Shooto: Las Grandes Viajes 5 \|`{{dts|1998|August|29|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|4:48 \|Tokyo, Japan \|Middleweight bout. \|- \|`{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\|8--4--2 \|Carlos Newton \|Submission (armbar) \|VTJ 1997: Vale Tudo Japan 1997 \|`{{dts|1997|November|29|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|0:41 \|Urayasu, Japan \| \|- \|`{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\|8--3--3 \|Paul Jones \|Decision (majority) \|Shooto: Reconquista 3 \|`{{dts|1997|August|27|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|5:00 \|Tokyo, Japan \| \|- \| `{{draw}}`{=mediawiki}Draw \|align=center\|8--2--2 \|Paul Jones \|Draw \|EF 4: Extreme Fighting 4 \|`{{dts|1997|March|28|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|5:00 \|Des Moines, Iowa, United States \| \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|8--2--1 \|Stuart Harrison \|Submission (armbar) \|Shooto: Reconquista 1 \|`{{dts|1997|January|18|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|2 \|align=center\|2:28 \|Tokyo, Japan \|`{{small|Defended the [[Shooto]] Welterweight Championship.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \|`{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\|7--2--1 \|Matt Hume \|TKO (cut) \|EF 3: Extreme Fighting 3 \|`{{dts|1996|October|18|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|0:44 \|Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States \|Light Heavyweight debut. \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|7--1--1 \|Kenji Kawaguchi \|Submission (toe hold) \|Shooto: Vale Tudo Junction 3 \|`{{dts|1996|May|07|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|1:23 \|Tokyo, Japan \|`{{small|Won the [[Shooto]] Welterweight Championship.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|6--1--1 \| Todd Bjornethun \|Submission (guillotine choke) \|Shooto: Vale Tudo Junction 1 \|`{{dts|1996|January|20|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|2 \|align=center\|0:26 \|Tokyo, Japan \|Middleweight bout. \|- \|`{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\|5--1--1 \|James Warring \|TKO (corner stoppage) \|WCC 1: First Strike \|`{{dts|1995|October|17|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|16:08 \|Charlotte, North Carolina, United States \|Heavyweight bout. \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|5--0--1 \|Sean McCully \|TKO (submission to strikes) \|WCC 1: First Strike \|`{{dts|1995|October|17|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|5:17 \|Charlotte, North Carolina, United States \|Heavyweight bout. \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|4--0--1 \|Yasunori Okuda \|Technical submission (keylock) \|Shooto: Vale Tudo Perception \|`{{dts|1995|September|26|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|0:44 \|Tokyo, Japan \| \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|3--0--1 \|Ben Spijkers \|Submission (guillotine choke) \|Shooto: Complete Vale Tudo Access \|`{{dts|1995|July|29|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|5 \|align=center\|0:38 \|Saitama, Japan \| \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|2--0--1 \|Kenji Kawaguchi \|Technical submission (armbar) \|Shooto: Vale Tudo Access 2 \|`{{dts|1994|November|07|format=mdy}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|2 \|align=center\|1:03 \|Tokyo, Japan \|Welterweight debut
| 311 |
Erik Paulson
| 1 |
10,148,739 |
# Link–Lee House
The **Link--Lee House** is a large historic home located in Montrose in central Houston, Harris County, in the U.S. state of Texas. It is currently serving as the executive office of the University of St. Thomas. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Harris County, Texas in 2000, and became a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 2001.
## History
The Link--Lee House is named for John Wiley Link and Thomas Peter Lee, its first owners. The house is located at the corner of Montrose Boulevard and West Alabama Street, now on the University of St. Thomas campus in Houston. A monumental portico fronts the neoclassical building, which is clad in brick with terra cotta ornamentation.
### Link Family {#link_family}
John Wiley Link (1866--1933) was born in Gallatin, Texas. He completed his law studies at Baylor University, and joined the Texas bar in 1888. He practiced law in Amarillo and Orange, where he was elected mayor in 1905.
Link accumulated wealth through the lumber business and finance in east Texas. In 1910, he moved to Houston where he anticipated economic growth sparked by its emerging oil industry. In addition to being the founding chairman of The American General Insurance Company and the second president of The Dr. Pepper Company, he established the Houston Land Corporation while amassing several properties totaling 250 acres near the Houston city limits. He set aside a strip land on which he built the first section of Montrose Boulevard, the main street for his upscale residential subdivision. He planned his own home site on Block 41, fronting the newly paved Montrose Boulevard and West Alabama Street. Sanguinet, Staats, and Barnes designed this Link\'s home, which was built by Young Contracting Company in 1912.
### Lee Family {#lee_family}
Thomas Peter Lee (born March 19, 1871) started as an oil field worker in his native West Virginia and Ohio. Just sixteen when he started work, he relocated to Saratoga, Texas in 1903 to work for the Texas Company. In 1914, he co-founded Farmers Petroleum Company and accepted a post as the firm\'s president.
Lee acquired the house at the end of 1916 for \$90,000. Link--Lee House was the largest single-family residence in Houston at the time with over 10,000 square feet. The main floor included a breakfast room, formal dining room, and music room. There was a full basement, a second floor with five bedroom suites, and a third floor ballroom.
After Lee\'s death, his home remained in the possession of his family until July 9, 1940, when family members, including Mrs. Essie N. Lee, sold the property to the University of St. Thomas for \$120,000. At the wishes of all heirs and executors, the college separated the payment into two parts: \$6,000 in cash and the remaining \$114,000 as a donation, guaranteed by a promissory note dated September 1, 1946, made payable to the William M. Rice Institute for the Advancement of Literature, Science and Art in Houston.
### University of St. Thomas {#university_of_st._thomas}
The home, now referred to as the Link-Lee Mansion, and its surrounding land, became the main building of the University of St. Thomas, which still occupies the site today. Originally the building housed the entire university, it now contains the executive offices of the university. While still mostly intact, the mansion has been adapted to accommodate the offices of the president, vice president for Academic Affairs, Dean of Arts and Sciences, vice president for Institutional Advancement, and Alumni Relations.
The surrounding patio, porch, and yard of the mansion was utilized each October as part of Neewollah, the university\'s Halloween party. This tradition ended in 2006 with the construction of the Edward P. White Memorial Plaza, which feature a large granite monolith and fountain. The plaza is the last design of famous architect Philip Johnson.
Future plans involve moving the offices out of the mansion and restoring it back to how it looked in 1912. These plans are contingent upon the university purchasing adjacent properties prior to making any such moves
| 674 |
Link–Lee House
| 0 |
10,148,747 |
# Jersey Eastern Railway
The **Jersey Eastern Railway** was a standard gauge railway that began operations on 6 August 1873 in Jersey. The line closed on 21 June 1929.
## History
The *Loi pour l\'établissement d\'un Chemin de Fer entre la Ville de St.-Hélier et Gorey* was approved on 16 March 1871 (confirmed by Order in Council 19 March 1872), with 68 articles of the *projet* in the name of the Jersey Eastern Railway Company Limited. The law (repealed by the *Statute Law Revision (No. 3) (Jersey) Law, 1966*) authorised the railway from Snow Hill in St Helier, to Gorey and from there to St Catherine\'s Bay in St Martin, although the latter route was never begun. There was no mention of gauge. Article 54 of the project was significant in stating that any disagreement with property owners must be resolved by the Royal Court for consideration and decision, and the claimant could not cause work to cease by raising the clameur de haro (as had happened with the Jersey Railway construction).
On 15 May 1871, the committee appointed by the States met to consider objections by landowners; the majority were satisfied that they had received fair compensation.
The first turf was dug by Mrs Mourant, wife of Edward Mourant, the chairman of the Board of Directors, at a private ceremony on 17 September 1872. The line was opened on 6 August 1873, with a train of six carriages taking the States Members and their wives along the track to Grouville Station in 15 minutes.
The official opening of Gorey station was on 25 May 1891, to coincide with Queen Victoria's birthday. The journey of just over six miles from St Helier cost 9d (old pence) first class return, 6d second class return.
In 1923 the Jersey Motor Transport Company started a bus service carrying passengers all over the Island. The Jersey Eastern Railway tried to counter the fierce competition by running their own bus service in 1926, but this was not much of a success, and declining profits led to termination of both the bus and train services on 21 June 1929. The company itself was liquidated in 1932.
Most of the land was sold to adjacent landowners, but part of the route can be seen near Fauvic (at the southeastern tip of the island), where it has been preserved as a footpath.
The *Jersey Eastern Railway Terminus Hotel* at Snow Hill remains, and is on the Register of Historic Buildings.
## Route
The line began at Saint Helier, with intermediate stations located at Georgetown, Samarès, Le Hocq, Pontac, La Rocque and Fauvic, with the eastern terminus in Grouville, originally opposite the Wimbledon Hotel, later extended to Gorey and then to Gorey Pier.
## Locomotives
- *North Western* 2-4-0T Built by Sharp Stewart in 1870, (Works No. 2047). Locomotive was purchased from the Jersey Railway in 1878 and was withdrawn in 1898 and eventually sold to a Scottish Quarry.
Messrs. Kitson & Co. of Leeds built all four of the following 0-4-2T engines:
- *Caesarea*, 1872. (Works No. 1832)
- *Calvados*, 1872. (Works No. 1833)
- *Mont Orgueil*, 1886
- *Carteret*, 1898. (Works No. 3800)
## Railcars
- *Normandy*
- *Brittany*
Both were built by Sentinel Waggon Works and purchased in 1927. Both were withdrawn on 21 June 1929 when the line closed, with *Normandy* being regauged and sold to the Jersey Railway
| 564 |
Jersey Eastern Railway
| 0 |
10,148,749 |
# Lee Jin
**Lee Jin** (`{{Korean|hangul=이진}}`{=mediawiki}; born March 21, 1980) is a South Korean singer and actress. She made her entertainment debut as a member of the K-pop girl group Fin.K.L, along with Lee Hyori, Ock Joo-hyun, and Sung Yu-ri. After Fin.K.L came to an unofficial end in 2002, Lee became an actress.
## Career
Lee Jin joined *Fin.K.L* after her friend *Ock Joo-hyun*---the first member to be selected for the group---introduced her to the casting director selecting the group\'s members. She sang Eco\'s \"Heng Bok Han Na Reul\" and was immediately selected to be in the group.
In 2002, the members from the girl group started solo activities. Lee had long expressed her interest in acting, before her debut she was in MBC\'s *Police People*. Subsequently, she starred in the popular sitcom *Nonstop*.
In 2005, Lee joined the variety program *X-Man*. On the show, Lee signalled that she had grown into a \"lady\" from her Fin.K.L teenage days via a change in her hairstyle and clothes. In *X-Man*, she became known for her stiff dance steps, so she had to create new stiff dance steps for the intro dance segment in each episode. She was also known for being the show\'s ulzzang (\"best/pretty face\"), having been chosen by many of the male guests to be their partner in the couple game.
In 2010, Lee also appeared in *Heroes* where 12 artists competed in games to garner the popular title or will fall into the unpopular group. In this program, she showed her nice and warm-hearted personality.
## Filmography
### Television dramas {#television_dramas}
- *Nonstop 3* (MBC, 2002--2003)
- *Banjun Drama* (MBC, 2005) (with Andy of Shinhwa)
- *Best Theater* \"Accident Prone Area\" (MBC, 2006)
- *Her Cerebral Hemorrhage Story* (MBC, 2006)
- *The King and I* (SBS, 2007--2008)
- *New Wise Mother, Good Wife* (MBC, 2007, cameo)
- *Hometown of Legends* \"Returning Lady\" (KBS2, 2008)
- *Soul* (MBC, 2009)
- *Jejungwon* (SBS, 2010)
- *Glory Jane* (KBS2, 2011)
- *The Great Seer* (SBS, 2012)
- *The Secret of Birth* (SBS, 2013)
- *Shining Romance* (MBC, 2013--2014)
### Film
- *Too Fragile to Be Loved* (2009)
### Variety shows {#variety_shows}
- *Beauty Center* (SBS, 2002--2003)
- *Declaration of Freedom! Today is Saturday -- A Good Transportation Day* (KBS, 2003)
- *Show! Power Video* (KBS, 2003--2005)
- *X-Man* (SBS, 2005)
- *Millionaire\'s Bag* (ETN, 2008)
- *Heroes* (SBS, 2010)
- *Camping Club* (JTBC, 2019)
## Video game appearances {#video_game_appearances}
Lee Jin is a playable character in the video game *Tony Hawk\'s Pro Skater 2* (only in the South Korean PC version).
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Lee Jin got married in Hawaii on February 20, 2016
| 444 |
Lee Jin
| 0 |
10,148,780 |
# Equilibrium level
In meteorology, the **equilibrium level** (**EL**), or **level of neutral buoyancy** (**LNB**), or **limit of convection** (**LOC**), is the height at which a rising parcel of air is at the same temperature as its environment.
This means that unstable air is now stable when it reaches the equilibrium level and convection stops. This level is often near the tropopause and can be indicated as near where the anvil of a thunderstorm because it is where the thunderstorm updraft is finally cut off, except in the case of overshooting tops where it continues rising to the maximum parcel level (MPL) due to momentum. More precisely, the cumulonimbus will stop rising around a few kilometres prior to reaching the level of neutral buoyancy and on average anvil glaciation occurs at a higher altitude over land than over sea (despite little difference in LNB from land to sea)
| 148 |
Equilibrium level
| 0 |
10,148,830 |
# Smitten (Buffalo Tom album)
***Smitten*** is a 1998 album by Buffalo Tom. It was their only album for Polydor Records.
Singer/guitarist Bill Janovitz said that, as the band members looked over demos in preparation for the album, they noticed that keyboards were taking a larger role in their songs than before. Early in the process of putting the album together, the band spent time working with guitarist/keyboardist Tom Gorman, most well known as a member of Belly. Gorman pointed out that the band would probably be better served by a traditional keyboardist. Gorman was replaced by Phil Aiken after Janovitz spied his classified ad in a local weekly.
The album was produced by David Bianco, who was sought out by the band after being impressed by his work with Teenage Fanclub.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Rachael\" - 3:00
2. \"Postcard\" - 5:02
3. \"Knot in It\" - 5:23
4. \"The Bible\" - 4:31
5. \"Scottish Windows\" - 4:19
6. \"White Paint Morning\" - 3:17
7. \"Wiser\" - 4:54
8. \"See to Me\" - 2:57
9. \"Register Side\" - 4:16
10. \"Do You In\" - 4:45
11. \"Under Milk Wood\" - 3:50
12. \"Walking Wounded\" - 3:49
All songs by Buffalo Tom
| 203 |
Smitten (Buffalo Tom album)
| 0 |
10,148,835 |
# Membrane analogy
The **elastic membrane analogy**, also known as the **soap-film analogy**, was first published by pioneering aerodynamicist Ludwig Prandtl in 1903. It describes the stress distribution on a long bar in torsion. The cross section of the bar is constant along its length, and need not be circular. The differential equation that governs the stress distribution on the bar in torsion is of the same form as the equation governing the shape of a membrane under differential pressure. Therefore, in order to discover the stress distribution on the bar, all one has to do is cut the shape of the cross section out of a piece of wood, cover it with a soap film, and apply a differential pressure across it. Then the slope of the soap film at any area of the cross section is directly proportional to the stress in the bar at the same point on its cross section.
## Application to thin-walled, open cross sections {#application_to_thin_walled_open_cross_sections}
While the membrane analogy allows the stress distribution on any cross section to be determined experimentally, it also allows the stress distribution on thin-walled, open cross sections to be determined by the same theoretical approach that describes the behavior of rectangular sections. Using the membrane analogy, any thin-walled cross section can be \"stretched out\" into a rectangle without affecting the stress distribution under torsion. The maximum shear stress, therefore, occurs at the edge of the midpoint of the stretched cross section, and is equal to $3T/bt^2$, where T is the torque applied, b is the length of the stretched cross section, and t is the thickness of the cross section.
It can be shown that the differential equation for the deflection surface of a homogeneous membrane, subjected to uniform lateral pressure and with uniform surface tension and with the same outline as that of the cross section of a bar under torsion, has the same form as that governing the stress distribution over the cross section of a bar under torsion.
This analogy was originally proposed by Ludwig Prandtl in 1903.
## Other applications {#other_applications}
Prandtl\'s stretched-membrane concept was used extensively in the field of electron tube (\"vacuum tube\") design (1930\'s to 1960\'s) to model the trajectory of electrons within a device. The model is constructed by uniformly stretching a thin rubber sheet over a frame, and deforming the sheet upwards with physical models of electrodes, impressed into the sheet from below. The entire assembly is tilted, and steel balls (as electron analogs) rolled down the assembly and the trajectories noted. The curved surface surrounding the \"electrodes\" represents the complex increase in field strength as the electron-analog approaches the \"electrode\"; the upward distortion in the sheet is a close analogy to field strength
| 455 |
Membrane analogy
| 0 |
10,148,866 |
# Saint Roderick
**Saint Roderick** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɒ|d|(|ə|)|r|ɪ|k}}`{=mediawiki}; *Rodericus, Rudericus*; *San Rodrigo*; died 13 March 857) was a Christian priest of Mozarab background, venerated as one of the Martyrs of Córdoba.
Tradition states that he was a Christian priest of Cabra who had two brothers: one was a Muslim, the other irreligious. Once, after his brothers began to fight one another, Roderick attempted to break up the fight. However, they turned on him instead and beat him.
When Roderick awoke, he found that his Muslim brother had reported to the authorities that Roderick had converted to Islam. When Roderick maintained his loyalty to the Christian faith, he was accused of apostasy from Islam under Sharia law. He was imprisoned and then beheaded along with Salomon (Solomon) at Córdoba.
St. Roderick\'s Convent and Hospital in Cabra, established in the 16th century, bears his name
| 141 |
Saint Roderick
| 0 |
10,148,867 |
# Isoindole
In organic chemistry and heterocyclic chemistry, **isoindole** consists of a benzene ring fused with pyrrole. The compound is an isomer of indole. Its reduced form is isoindoline. The parent isoindole is a rarely encountered in the technical literature, but substituted derivatives are useful commercially and occur naturally. Isoindoles units occur in phthalocyanines, an important family of dyes. Some alkaloids containing isoindole have been isolated and characterized.
## Synthesis
The parent isoindole was prepared by flash vacuum pyrolysis of an N-substituted isoindoline. N-Substituted isoindoles, which are easier to handle, can be prepared by dehydration of isoindoline-N-oxides. They also arise by myriad other methods, e.g., starting from xylylene dibromide (C~6~H~4~(CH~2~Br)~2~).
## Structure and tautomerism of 2-H-isoindoles {#structure_and_tautomerism_of_2_h_isoindoles}
Unlike indole, isoindoles exhibit noticeable alternation in the C-C bond lengths, which is consistent with their description as pyrrole derivatives fused to a butadiene.
In solution, the 2*H*-isoindole tautomer predominates. It resembles a pyrrole more than a simple imine. The degree to which the 2*H* predominates depends on the solvent, and can vary with the substituent in substituted isoindoles.
: `{{clear left}}`{=mediawiki}
N-Substituted isoindoles do not engage is tautomerism and are therefore simpler to study.
## Isoindole-1,3-diones and related derivatives {#isoindole_13_diones_and_related_derivatives}
The commercially important phthalimide is an *isoindole-1,3-dione* with two carbonyl groups attached to the heterocyclic ring.
<File:PY139.svg>\|Pigment yellow 139, a common high performance pigment. <File:PY185.svg>\|Pigment yellow 185, a common high performance pigment. <File:Copper> phthalocyanine.svg\|Copper phthalocyanine, one of the most pervasive synthetic pigments
| 240 |
Isoindole
| 0 |
10,148,901 |
# Ouellette Avenue
**Ouellette Avenue** (most commonly pronounced by English speakers as \'Oh-Let\' and by French-speakers as \'Well-et\') is one of the main North-South Roads in Windsor, Ontario, and acts as its Main Street. The road diverges from Dougall Avenue south of Downtown Windsor, travelling northward over the Essex Terminal Railway/CP Rail tracks, before terminating at a turnaround and parking lot at Dieppe Gardens in Windsor\'s core. The road is 4-lanes for most of its length, narrowing down to two lanes north of Wyandotte Street. Its purpose is to divert traffic from the Ambassador Bridge (via Highway 3/Huron Church Road), by sending it to the Tunnel (Via Dougall Parkway, Dougall Avenue, to the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, along Wyandotte Street to its Canadian terminus at Goyeau Street. Traffic onward into the United States generally continues onto Woodward Avenue, Detroit\'s \"Main Street\", which lies along the same alignment as Ouellette.
The road is quite busy and is used mostly by cars, as trucks longer than 45 feet cannot fit around the curve on the American side of the Detroit Tunnel, and the Ambassador Bridge tends to be clogged.
## History
Ouellette Avenue first began as the original alignment of Highway 3 from 1920, terminating at the International Ferry Dock between Ouellette Avenue and Dougall Avenue, in downtown Windsor. This remained until July 10, 1929, when the Ambassador Bridge opened. Highway 3 was re-routed along the newly constructed Huron Church Road to the bridge, and Ouellette Avenue was re-designated as Highway 3A (Windsor). This lasted until 1935, when it was re-designated as Highway 3B (Windsor).
In 1962, the City of Windsor re-aligned Ouellette Avenue to flow into Dougall Avenue directly, instead of having Highway 3B traffic head north along Dougall Avenue, then making a short east-bound jog on Tecumseh Road before continuing left (north) on Ouellette Ave. The former alignment remained as Ouellette Avenue, while the new alignment became \"Ouellette Place\". Four years later, it was designated as a Connecting Link, enabling Windsor to receive monetary and mechanical/paving assistance in maintaining the road, and to continue to sign it as Highway 3B, should it be downloaded. Though it was officially turned back in 1975, the connecting link status remained in place until January 1, 1998, when the connecting link status was repealed, and the road was officially retired as a provincially-maintained highway.
## Today
Ouellette Avenue serves as an access to downtown Windsor and to the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel. The road is also the main path for the Windsor-Detroit International Freedom Festival\'s Parade, and for the Windsor Jaycees Santa Claus Parade
| 426 |
Ouellette Avenue
| 0 |
10,148,914 |
# Gregg Thompson
**Gregg Thompson** (born August 4, 1960) is an American former soccer player. He played as a defender who was the 1983 North American Soccer League Rookie of the Year. He was also voted team MVP (by his teammates) and the most Popular Player (by the fans) during his rookie year while playing for the Tampa Bay Rowdies. He spent two seasons in the NASL and four in the Major Indoor Soccer League. He was a member of the U.S. National Team from 1984 to 1986 and participated in the 1984 Summer Olympics. Thompson earned twelve caps with the United States national team.
## High school and college {#high_school_and_college}
Thompson spent his early youth in California before moving to Stillwater, Minnesota when he was fourteen. He became a star athlete at Stillwater High School. His high school did not have a soccer team when he moved to Minnesota, so Thompson played football and ran track while playing soccer with local youth clubs. He was an outstanding running back, averaging 8.9 yards per carry over his high school career while breaking over 40 football records at Stillwater High School. Thompson was fast running the 40 yard dash in 4.4 seconds and strong benching over 350 lbs. (he weighed 165 pounds) He earned All State honors and received football athletic scholarship offers from the University of Colorado, University of Minnesota, the University of Wisconsin--Madison, numerous Division II schools and all of the Ivy League programs.
His biggest claim to fame was his accomplishments during the state semi-final game against Columbia Heights. There was 30 seconds remaining on the clock, Stillwater was losing the game 14-13 and the ball was 37 yards away from the goalpost. Stillwater decided to attempt a field goal. Thompson was the field goal kicker as well. Thompson was successful in making the 37-yard field goal but there was a penalty on the play. The refs moved the ball back 5 yards. Thompson was again successful in kicking a 42-yard field goal to win the game. It was later found out that Thompson completely tore his ACL and meniscus on the fifth play of the game; nevertheless, his final game stats included throwing a touchdown pass, rushing for 125 yards and kicking the game-winning field goal.
Thompson also went to the state finals in track his senior year long jumping over 22\' and triple jumping nearly 47\'. (his first triple jump as a junior in high school was the fifth best ever recorded in the state at the time) While he was one of the best football players to come out of the state of Minnesota, he preferred soccer and chose to attend Indiana University when that school offered him an athletic scholarship to play soccer. Thompson was voted the Minnesota High School Athlete of the Year when he graduated from Stillwater in 1978.
Thompson joined the Hoosiers in 1978. He did not play in 1979 because of a knee injury, but became a regular through the 1980--1982 seasons. In 1982, he captained Indiana as it ran to the NCAA championship game. In that game, Indiana went up against Duke University and its top defenseman Joe Ulrich. Thompson scored the first goal, but Duke replied and the game ended tied at one all. The game was in its eighth overtime when Ulrich fouled Thompson just outside the box. Thompson replied with a swerving free kick which found the net, giving Indiana its first national title. Thompson would come in second in the balloting for the Hermann Trophy that year, losing to Ulrich.
In 2007, Thompson was inducted into the Indiana University Hall of Fame. One of only seven soccer players to be inducted into the IU Hall of Fame.
## Professional
The Los Angeles Lazers of Major Indoor Soccer League selected Thompson with the number one selection in the 1983 MISL Draft. Tampa Bay Rowdies of the North American Soccer League selected Thompson as the first pick in the 1983 NASL college draft. He elected to sign with the Rowdies and was named the 1983 NASL Rookie of the Year after playing thirty games. Following the 1984 NASL season, the league collapsed. After the collapse of the NASL, the Rowdies traded Thompson to the Minnesota Strikers of Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL). He remained with the Strikers through the 1987--1988 MISL season before retiring.
| 727 |
Gregg Thompson
| 0 |
10,148,914 |
# Gregg Thompson
## National and Olympic teams {#national_and_olympic_teams}
At the end of the 1983 NASL season, Thompson joined the U.S. Olympic team as it prepared for the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Thompson played all three games for the U.S. at the Olympics, including scoring the U.S. goal in its 1--1 tie with Egypt in front of 85,000 people at Stanford Stadium. The U.S. finished the first round at 1--1--1 and failed to qualify for the second round.
Even before the Olympic games, Thompson had earned his first cap with the U.S. national team in a May 20, 1984 scoreless tie with Italy. He would go on to play a total of 12 times for the full national team between 1984 and 1985, including several qualification matches for the 1986 FIFA World Cup. His last national team game came in the May 31, 1985 debacle in Torrance, California when the U.S. lost to Costa Rica. That loss cost the U.S. a spot in the final round of qualifications.
## Post-playing career {#post_playing_career}
Thompson is a partner in a real estate group located in Roseville, CA and coaches youth soccer. He has 4 children (3 boys & a girl) Ty (the oldest) started all four years at Stanford. During his senior year, captained Stanford to their first NCAA Division 1 Championship, Tanner played 4 years at Indiana University. He was All-American during his sophomore, junior and senior year, Tommy was signed as a homegrown player by the San Jose Earthquakes after his freshman year at Indiana University and is a starter for the Earthquakes, Tatum (daughter) is his favorite soccer player of all time
| 275 |
Gregg Thompson
| 1 |
10,148,941 |
# Matt White (baseball, born 1977)
**Matthew Joseph White** (born August 19, 1977) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who played for the Boston Red Sox, Seattle Mariners, and Washington Nationals between 2003 and 2005. He made news in 2007 for his possession of a potentially-lucrative stone quarry in his native Massachusetts.
## Baseball career {#baseball_career}
### Amateur
A native of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, White attended Wahconah Regional High School in Dalton, Massachusetts and played his college baseball at Clemson. In 1997, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Chatham A\'s of the Cape Cod Baseball League, where he was named a league all-star. He was first drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the `{{Baseball year|1998}}`{=mediawiki} amateur draft. He has been through the Rule V Draft twice. In `{{Baseball year|2002}}`{=mediawiki}, he was drafted by the Boston Red Sox. In `{{Baseball year|2003}}`{=mediawiki}, he was drafted by the Colorado Rockies.
### Professional
White pitched in seven different organizations over nine professional seasons. He has three stints in the majors: he pitched three games for the Boston Red Sox in 2003 before being traded to the Seattle Mariners, for whom he pitched three more games in the same season. In `{{Baseball year|2005}}`{=mediawiki}, he pitched one game for the Washington Nationals.
In seven major-league games, White pitched 9`{{fraction|2|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings with an 0-2 record. He allowed 17 hits, eight walks and 18 runs, for a 16.76 ERA and a WHIP of 2.59.
In `{{Baseball year|2006}}`{=mediawiki} in the minor leagues, he played for the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons, where he played 38 games, starting 13 of them. He had a record of 7-9 with a 3.58 ERA and 69 strikeouts. He also played for the Navegantes del Magallanes in the Venezuelan Winter League, where he went 2-4 in ten starts with a 3.40 ERA and 34 strikeouts.
White was a non-roster invitee to the Los Angeles Dodgers in `{{mlby|2007}}`{=mediawiki}. In spring training, he only allowed one earned run in 7`{{fraction|1|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings. However, he failed to make the major league roster and was optioned to the Las Vegas 51s, the Dodgers Triple-A team. He was 2-4 with a 3.83 ERA in 40 games out of the bullpen for the 51s during the 1st half of the 2007 Pacific Coast League season.
On June 25, 2007, he asked for, and was granted, his release from the 51s so that he could sign a contract to play baseball in Japan. He signed with the Yokohama BayStars. He was released on August 15, `{{Baseball year|2008}}`{=mediawiki}.
On Jan. 2, 2010, The Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions of the CPBL(Taiwan) announced that they signed White for the 2010 season.
## Rock discovery {#rock_discovery}
In 2003, White purchased 50 acre of mountain real estate in Cummington, Massachusetts from his aunt for \$50,000, giving her the money she needed to enter a nursing home. His original intention was to build his home, but he found the land to be too hard. When he called a surveyor out to inspect the land, the surveyor found that the land was solid Goshen stone, a type of mica schist estimated to be about 400 million years old. Estimates have placed the low estimate of the find at 24 million tons. At current prices (he has been selling the stone for over \$100/ton), it is estimated to be worth around \$2.5 billion, minus extraction costs.
White has begun a small-scale extraction operation, Swift River Stone, and made \$600,000 in 2006. He has expressed interest in selling the land, and believes he will get \"several million dollars.\"
When a story broke on most sports news outlets about him on February 28, 2007, some of his teammates in spring training started referring to him in the clubhouse as \"Mr. Billionaire.\"
In early 2009, White listed the 45± acre property with Boston-based real estate firm, LandVest, Inc., which specializes in the marketing of luxury residences, vacant land and resource-based properties, including timberland. The asking price for the property is available upon request. [2](http://www.landvest
| 661 |
Matt White (baseball, born 1977)
| 0 |
10,148,944 |
# St Crispin's School
**St Crispin\'s School**, founded in 1953, is a coeducational comprehensive secondary school and sixth form located in Wokingham, Berkshire, England. There were 1,164 students at the school in 2017, of whom 234 were in the Sixth form. The school is on the London Road, just outside Wokingham town centre.
## Architecture
St Crispin\'s School was the first of the Ministry of Education\'s prototype prefabricated schools. It was built between 1951 and 1953 by the Ministry of Education\'s own team of researchers into rational school building (David Medd and Mary Crowley) under the direction of S. A. W Johnson Marshall. The work was inspired by that of the Hertfordshire Architect\'s Department. In the post-war years, with an increasing demand for school places, the government was under pressure to reduce costs but without compromising the school building programme. The aim was to establish new levels of cost efficiency for both erection and running costs. The building is of light steel construction with components of modular sizes. The classrooms were all originally located in a four-storey block above the main entrance with a central courtyard and a rambling series of inter-connected mostly single-storey buildings which provided accommodation for a hall, a gym and specialised teaching spaces for arts and crafts. The new techniques speeded up the building process so much that the school was able to open five months ahead of the planned schedule. It is widely believed that the school tower was designed with the potential to be modified to a hospital in times of national emergency, though no records have been found to substantiate the claim. The informal layout and unassuming architecture influenced the layout and construction of schools across the country. St Crispin\'s was classified as a Grade II listed building by English Heritage on 30 March 1993.
The original school site consisted of 29 acre, of which 4 acre were gardens to be tended by the students. The gardens have long gone but the school still has playing fields and also uses of the adjacent St Crispin\'s Sports Centre.
The artwork on the walls was a feature of the school in its early years. The composition slabs by the main entrance featured paintings of a modular girl by the mural artist Fred Millett (1920--1980). He also painted four murals depicting the seasons of the year, the most striking of which was a large mural at the east end of the dining hall depicting apple picking. These pictures were removed or painted over in a redecoration programme in the 1970s but was restored in the summer of 2011.
In 2012, work was started on building a new Science Block on the area where the current tennis courts are located. A new Multiple Use Games Area was then built in another location on the existing school field. The Music department also relocated to the area vacated by the biology department. The whole project was completed in 2013 and cost £5 million.
| 494 |
St Crispin's School
| 0 |
10,148,944 |
# St Crispin's School
## History
The school was named after St Crispin, the patron saint of cobblers, tanners and leather workers.
St Crispin\'s was opened on 14 October 1953 by the Right Honourable Florence Horsbrugh, the then Minister of Education. It featured in a BBC Schools Current Affairs broadcast on 16 October 1953. There were 360 pupils aged between 11 and 15 on roll on the first day with 19 members of staff. By the end of the first full academic year there were 580 pupils at the school. The numbers rose rapidly and by 1958 there were 856 pupils on roll. As of the 2006/2007 academic year, there were 1050 students at the school.
In 2003 the school celebrated its fiftieth anniversary and was featured as a \"School in Focus\" on the Teachernet website. In the same year the school received a substantial addition to its funds by gaining a School Achievement Award from the Department for Education and Skills.
St Crispin\'s was awarded specialist maths and computing status with effect from September 2004. The award was accompanied by additional government funding of £600,000 spread over four years to allow the technology to be used across all areas of the curriculum.
In July 2008 St Crispin\'s became the first secondary school in the Wokingham Borough to be awarded the ICT Mark from Becta, the (now-defunct) Government-funded agency for promoting ICT in schools and colleges.
In the summer term of 2008 St Crispin\'s was recognised as a High-Performing Specialist School by the Department for Children, Schools and Families. The status was granted as a result of the school\'s overall performance and, in particular, for its GCSE results and good Ofsted report. As a result of this recognition the school was invited to apply for a second specialism. A plan for a specialism in Leadership was submitted in January 2009 and approved on 14 February. The school was formally designated as a Leadership Partnership School with effect from April 2009.
In 2010 the school was inspected by Ofsted. As a result of the inspection, the school achieved the status of being an \'Outstanding\' school. Later, in 2013, the school was again inspected by Ofsted and had its rating changed to \'Good\'.
Previously a community school administered by Wokingham Borough Council, in February 2018 St Crispin\'s School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by The Circle Trust.
## The school in film {#the_school_in_film}
Pupils from the school have on two occasions been required to act as extras in films. In 1957 the school\'s playing fields were used to show scenes of a sports day in the eight-part cinema/TV thriller *The Great Attraction*. The shooting took place over three days and a number of pupils were used in the film.
In 1989 around 150 pupils from the school acted as extras in *Back Home*, a television feature film starring Hayley Mills and Hayley Carr. The film was set in an English school in 1946 and told the story of an English girl returning home after spending the war years in the US. The students were selected if they had the appropriate look for the period, and they were paid £5 each for their contribution. Bearwood House was used as the location for many of the school shots and other scenes were filmed in Midhurst in West Sussex.
| 558 |
St Crispin's School
| 1 |
10,148,944 |
# St Crispin's School
## Curriculum
Subject GCSE A level
------------------------ ------ ---------
Art and Design Yes Yes
Biology Yes Yes
Business Studies Yes Yes
Chemistry Yes Yes
Health and Social Care Yes Yes
Computer Science Yes No
Design and Technology Yes Yes
Drama Yes Yes
Economics \- Yes
English Language Yes \-
English Literature Yes Yes
French Yes Yes
Further Mathematics \- Yes
General Studies Yes \-
Geography Yes Yes
German Yes Yes
History Yes Yes
ICT Yes \-
Mathematics Yes Yes
Media Studies \- Yes
Music Yes Yes
Psychology \- Yes
Physical Education Yes Yes
Physics Yes Yes
Religious Education Yes Yes
Science (double award) Yes \-
Sociology \- Yes
Spanish Yes Yes
Statistics Yes \-
In Years 7, 8 and 9 (Key Stage 3) students study the core subjects of English, Mathematics and Science plus the following foundation subjects: French, Design and Technology, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), History, Geography, Religious Education, Art, Music and Physical Education. In addition lessons are offered in Personal, Social and Health Education, Citizenship and Drama. Pupils are taught in sets for English, Maths, Science and French. German is offered as a second foreign language from Year 8 onwards to those in the top French sets.
The subjects offered at GCSE are shown in the table (right). St Crispin\'s is one of a small number of state schools which still offer the three separate sciences at GCSE. The following Design and Technology options are offered at GCSE: Food and Nutrition; Graphic Products; Resistant Materials; Systems and Control; Textiles.
The subjects offered at A level are also shown in the table (right). St Crispin\'s participates in the Cisco Networking Academy Programme and is one of the relatively few schools in the UK to offer this course in networking. Pupils on this course have networked the computers in the school\'s IT suite and also those of the neighbouring primary school, Westende.
St Crispin\'s has a science buddy scheme, which was featured on Teachernet, the website for teachers and educators. The scheme involved around 30 pupils from the top three sets in Year 11 helping the younger children in Year 7 to conduct experiments and investigations in a lunchtime club. The buddies also visited local primary schools during National Science Week and led practical sessions with Year 5 and Year 6 pupils.
### Sports
Pupils at the school participate in the following sports: athletics, badminton, basketball, cricket, football, health-related fitness, hockey, netball, rounders, rugby, tennis and trampolining. There are school teams which play regular fixtures with other local schools in rugby, football, hockey, netball and basketball. Pupils also participate in the Reading Cross Country League. A number of pupils play at county level.
| 448 |
St Crispin's School
| 2 |
10,148,944 |
# St Crispin's School
## Extracurricular activities {#extracurricular_activities}
### Competitions
Pupils participate in the Economics Challenge, Young Enterprise, the British Mathematical Olympiad, and the Wokingham Schools\' Debating Competition. In 2004 St Crispin\'s School were the winners of the John Redwood Cup in the inaugural Wokingham Schools\' Debating Competition. In 2014, St Crispin\'s went through to the national finals of Mock Trial Competition and were one of the two schools that represented Berkshire in the national finals, held in Birmingham.
### School clubs {#school_clubs}
A range of clubs are available both at lunchtime and after school. There are clubs for music, drama, dance, art, Warhammer, various sports, computing (including a computer club specifically for girls) and Christian Union.
## Achievements and specialisms {#achievements_and_specialisms}
St Crispin\'s is a specialist school in mathematics and computing and a Leadership Partnership School. It is both a Microsoft Academy and a Cisco Systems Networking Academy. The school has Investor in People Status and also holds the Sportsmark Award and the ICT Mark. St Crispin\'s has strong links with the local community and has a special link with Costain through its building awareness programme. The school celebrated its best ever GCSE results in 2011 with 89.1% of pupils achieving five or more passes at grades A\* to C and 74.5% receiving five or more grades A\* to C including maths and English. At A level 51% of papers were awarded an A\*-B grade.
## Admissions
In common with all other schools in Wokingham Borough, school places are allocated by the LEA based on designated catchment areas and feeder primary schools. Around 190 places are available at St Crispin\'s every year. The feeder primary schools for St Crispin\'s are:
- Gorse Ride Junior School
- Hatch Ride Primary School
- Keep Hatch Primary School
- Nine Mile Ride Primary School
- Oaklands Junior School
- All Saints Primary School
- St Theresa\'s Primary School
- Bearwood Primary School
- Westende Junior School
- St Sebastian\'s Church of England School
In addition the school receives a significant number of students from the primary schools in Bracknell Forest Authority. The 2006 intake was made up of 180 students from 26 different primary schools.
## Headteachers
- 1953-1971: Eric Bancroft
- 1972-1992: John Cole
- 1992-2012: Alex Biddle
- 2013-2022: Ginny Rhodes
, the headteacher is Railton Blyth
| 387 |
St Crispin's School
| 3 |
10,148,970 |
# Gullfjellet
**Gullfjellet** or **Gulfjellet** is a 987 m tall mountain located in Vestland county, Norway. It is situated on the border between the municipalities of Bergen and Samnanger, and it is the highest mountain in the municipality of Bergen. The name \"Gul\" is an old name for a strong wind, so the old name - Gulfjellet - means \"the mountain with strong wind\".
Due to its importance as a hiking attraction, and much bad weather, large and numerous cairns have been put up (\"Varderekka\") to guide hikers from both sides of the mountain. The watercourses on Gullfjellet supports large parts of the Bergen region with piped water.
Svartavatnet is situated 400 m to the west of the mountain. Hausdalshorga is located next to the mountain
| 126 |
Gullfjellet
| 0 |
10,149,038 |
# Terry O'Sullivan
**Terry O\'Sullivan** (July 7, 1915 -- September 14, 2006) was an American actor, best known for his role on the soap opera *Search for Tomorrow* as Arthur Tate (1952--1955, 1956--1966).
## Early years {#early_years}
A naive of Kansas City, O\'Sullivan was the son of Mr. and Mrs. T. A. O\'Sullivan. His father worked in grain and milling, and he had two sisters. He graduated from Southwest High School in Kansas City and attended Rockhurst College.
## Career
O\'Sullivan gained early experience working as an announcer and actor on radio station WDAF in Kansas City and performing in summer stock with the Hazel McOwen Players. He ventured to New York in hopes of advancing his career but returned to Kansas City disccouraged after working primarily in stock theater for one year. He worked at KXBY radio in Kansas City before moving to a station in Joplin, Missouri. After Joplin he worked at WKY radio in Oklahoma City for `{{frac|3|1|2}}`{=mediawiki} years. O\'Sullivan\'s first network announcing job was for the Horace Heidt program. He went on to be the announcer for *Glamour Manor* and programs of Red Skelton, Jack Smith, and others.
In the Arthur Tate role, he received the *TV-Radio Mirror Award* for Best Daytime Drama Actor three years in a row (1953--1955). When his character was written out of *Search for Tomorrow*, he played the role of Richard Hunter on *Days of Our Lives* (1966--68). He also played Judge Sam Stevens on *The Secret Storm* (1968--1969) before officially retiring from television roles in 1970 and relocating to Minnetonka, Minnesota.
## Death
O\'Sullivan died on September 14, 2006, in St. Paul, Minnesota, after having pancreatic cancer
| 277 |
Terry O'Sullivan
| 0 |
10,149,048 |
# Michael Brodie
**Michael Brodie** (born 10 May 1974 in Manchester, England) is a former professional boxer who fought in the Super Bantamweight and Featherweight divisions.
## Boxing career {#boxing_career}
Brodie boxed as an amateur before turning professional in October 1994, winning his first fight in Manchester, England, in which Brodie beat Warley Super Bantamweight Graham McGrath with a knockout in the fifth round on a card that included fellow Mancunian\'s Wahid Fats, Carl Smith and Carl Harney.
Brodie won the vacant British super bantamweight title, in March 1997 with ten-round knockout win over Neil Swain at the Wythenshawe Forum in Manchester. The following year Brodie won the Commonwealth Super Bantamweight Title with a win over Brian Carr and later that year Brodie added the European (EBU) Super Bantamweight Title.
Brodie\'s first opportunity to fight for a world title belt in September 2000 after Mexican Erik Morales vacated his WBC Super bantamweight title. However, Brodie suffered the first defeat on his career when Willie Jorrín beat Brodie on points to take the title.
In May 2002, Brodie won the World Boxing Foundation (WBFo) Featherweight Title and added the IBO Featherweight Title in 2003.
On 18 October 2003, the brawling Chi In-Jin got a shot at the vacant WBC featherweight title against Michael Brodie, but came up short of the title with a draw. In the rematch the following year, he knocked out Brodie in the 7th round
| 237 |
Michael Brodie
| 0 |
10,149,071 |
# Vices (Paradime album)
}} ***Vices*** is the second studio album by American rapper Paradime. It was released on October 23, 2001 via Beats At Will Records. Recording sessions took place at Nation Studios in Detroit and Audio Magic in Eastpointe. It featured guest appearances by the likes of Kon Artis and Swifty McVay of D12, Shi Dog and Guilty Simpson of the Almighty Dreadnaughtz, Cansa and Hush, among cameo appearances by Proof, Uncle Kracker and Hex Murda.
Following the release of *Vices*, Paradime won three Detroit Music Awards in 2002 for Outstanding Hip-Hop Recording, Outstanding Hip-Hop Artist, and Outstanding Hip-Hop MC.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
\| extra16 = Paradime \| length16 = 3:09 \| title17 = Uncle Kracker Interlude \| length17 = 0:28 \| title18 = Cut Throat \| note18 = featuring Shi-Dog and Guilty Simpson \| extra18 = DJ AMF \| length18 = 4:11 \| title19 = Hex Interlude \| length19 = 0:17 \| title20 = Vices \| extra20 = MoSS \| length20 = 3:35 \| title21 = Closure \| extra21 = Mike E
| 176 |
Vices (Paradime album)
| 0 |
10,149,087 |
# Willamette University School of Education
**Willamette University School of Education** was a master\'s degree-granting program at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon, United States. Established in 1988, the school offered a master of arts in teaching degree and runs the Center for Excellence in Teaching program, or CET. The school closed in May 2014.
## History
The university started the School of Education in 1988, and added a Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) program in 1992. The Center for Excellence in Teaching (CET) program began in 1999 and offered graduate level courses for teaching professionals. Willamette\'s Master of Arts in Teaching program had both a full-time and part-time option with four focuses in early childhood, elementary for grades 3 to 8, middle level for grades 5 to 9, and secondary for grades 7 to 12. A part-time MAT option called Aspire was added in 2004. The university closed the program because the university could not continue to offer a quality educational program due to financial issues and an uncertain market for teachers. Four MAT alums have been recipients of the Milken Family Foundation\'s Milken Educator Awards since 2000. The \$25,000 award is given to educators who make efforts to furthering excellence in education.
## Other programs {#other_programs}
Willamette\'s School of Education also offered the Oregon Writing Project that taught graduate students, teachers, and pre-college students. This included offering a Young Writers Camp during the summer for students in grades 3 to 7. Another program was an annual Fine Arts Festival sponsored by the school that introduced elementary students to a variety of arts including music composition, ballet, jazz, sculpture, and opera
| 272 |
Willamette University School of Education
| 0 |
10,149,168 |
# Greatest Hits (Survivor album)
***Greatest Hits*** is the title of two compilation albums released by the American rock band Survivor in 1989 and 1993.
The first Survivor *Greatest Hits* album was released in 1989, after the band went on indefinite hiatus following the commercial failure of their 1988 album *Too Hot to Sleep*. The album covers 10 of the band\'s singles from 1981 to 1988.
The package was reissued in 1993 featuring two new songs recorded with original lead vocalist Dave Bickler
| 83 |
Greatest Hits (Survivor album)
| 0 |
10,149,172 |
# Lightning Peak (British Columbia)
**Lightning Peak** is a summit in the Midway Range of the Monashee Mountains, British Columbia, Canada. It is an eroded volcanic outcrop in the Chilcotin Group. The mountain is located 30 km west of Needles, and 70 km east of Downtown Kelowna. Peridot can be found at this peak. Lightning Peak is thought to have formed as a result of extension of the crust behind the coastal subduction zone and last erupted during the Pliocene. Like most volcanoes in British Columbia, Lightning Peak is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, that includes over 160 active volcanoes
| 102 |
Lightning Peak (British Columbia)
| 0 |
10,149,192 |
# Vishnu Puran (TV series)
***Vishnu Puran*** (also written *Vishnupuran*) is an Indian television series, by B. R. Chopra on the Hindu deity Vishnu. It is based on the *Bhagavata Purana*. *Bhagavata Purana* tells about the 10 incarnations of Vishnu, as well as other stories, such as the legend of Dhruva. The weekly series first aired Sunday morning, 23 January 2000 on Zee TV. The 124 episodes were later released on DD National.
The chief roles are played by Nitish Bharadwaj as Bhagwan Vishnu and Vaidehi Amrute as Devi Lakshmi. Nitish Bharadwaj previously played the role of Krishna, in Chopra\'s television adaptation of the epic *Mahabharat*. The Story was narrated by Lata Haya in the role of Dharti Maa. The music is composed by Raj Kamal who also worked on *Mahabharat*. The title song was sung by Shankar Mahadevan and the songs decoding summary of each episode was sung by Mahendra Kapoor & Soham Chakrabarty. During the COVID-19 pandemic in India, DD Bharati, DD National and Zee TV started re-airing episodes to entertain the public during the lockdown.
## Episode guide {#episode_guide}
### Vishnu is the protector of the universe (episode 1) {#vishnu_is_the_protector_of_the_universe_episode_1}
**Episode 1**: The narrator Mother Earth, Dharti Maa, introduces herself to the viewers. After the world ended in fire and flood, only the supreme God Vishnu was left alive. He gives rise to Brahma and Shiva. Brahma creates the world and the first humans, Manu and Shatrupa, who wander in the pristine nature and fall in love.
### The story of Dhruva (episodes 2-6) {#the_story_of_dhruva_episodes_2_6}
**Episode 2**: King Uttanpada, Manu and Shatarupa\'s son, becomes beguiled by his ambitious younger wife Suruchi and neglects his elder queen Suniti and her five-year-old son Dhruva. Suruchi throws Dhruva off his father\'s lap and Uttanpada fails to intervene. Suruchi tells the unhappy boy that no one but Lord Vishnu the supreme god can grant him the power to sit on his father\'s lap now.
**Episode 3**: Dhruva leaves the palace in search of Lord Vishnu. Goddess Lakshmi pleads with Lord Shri Vishnu to protect Dhruva, and takes matters into her own hands by manifesting as a snake to save the child from a gang of dacoits. Manu gives Uttanpada a talking to and Uttanpada and Suniti reconcile and search for their son. Sage Narada, sent by Vishnu, guides Dhruva to the forest and gives him a mantra to chant.
**Episode 4**: Goddess Parvati, at Goddess Lakshmi\'s request, protects Dhruva by sending her lion to guard the child from wild beasts. Dhruva asks Narada for further guidance and on his advice, gives up eating and drinking. Lord Vishnu tells Goddess Lakshmi, however, that he cannot come down to the world for just one person. Meanwhile, the king of the devas, Indra, fears Dhruva may ask Lord Vishnu for Indra\'s throne. Indra sends the apsara Rakshita disguised as Dhruva\'s mother, but Dhruva does not even notice her.
**Episode 5**: Uttanpada is miserable and Indra\'s attempts to frustrate Dhruva\'s penance fail. Dhruva begs Narada for further advice and, obeying his guru\'s instructions, stops breathing. The entire universe stands still. Now that just more than one person is affected, Vishnu appears before Dhruva.
**Episode 6**: Dhruva asks Lord Vishnu why his father didn\'t let him sit on his lap. Lord Shri Vishnu takes Dhruva on his own lap and heals his burns and hunger. Dhruva\'s questions disappear; he feels completely blissful. Lord Shri Vishnu instructs Dhruva to return to his people and be an example of an enlightened king. Dhruva returns home and forgives Suruchi, because if not for her he would never have found Lord Vishnu.
### Matsya Avatara and the theft of the Vedas (episodes 7-9) {#matsya_avatara_and_the_theft_of_the_vedas_episodes_7_9}
**Episode 7**: Dharti Ma narrates that sage Kashyapa had three wives, Diti, Aditi and Danu, the mothers of the daityas (demons), devas (gods) and danavas (monsters or giants or demons), respectively. Lord Vishnu entrusts the four scriptures, the Vedas, to Brahma, to be passed on to mankind. Hayagriva, a son of Danu, feels this is unfair to demons and determines to keep the Vedas away from humanity. Brahma is worried that mankind is too evil to receive the Vedas, and goes to consult Shiva about purifying the earth first. While Brahma is away, Hayagriva kidnaps the Vedas (who are in the form of four small boys) and imprisons them in his underwater lair.
**Episode 8**: Shiva agrees to flood the earth to destroy all evil life and purify it; Brahma can then create humanity anew and give them the Vedas. While Manu is bathing, a tiny fish swims into his hands and begs for protection. Manu takes it home, but it grows to giant size in a single night and he releases it into the ocean, where he realizes the fish is none other than Lord Vishnu. As Matsya, the fish, Lord Vishnu warns Manu of the coming flood and asks him to save anything important in a boat.
**Episode 9**: Hayagriva decides to destroy the Vedas but Matsya appears first and kills Hayagriva. Manu and Shatarupa gather plants and animals, deciding to save everything rather than having the pride to think they know what is valuable and what is not. At the last minute, Manu thinks of bringing the seven primordial sages, the Saptarishis. The deluge. Manu\'s boat is tossed by the storm but Matsya tows it to safety. After the flood, Lord Vishnu gives the Vedas again to the nine survivors.
| 907 |
Vishnu Puran (TV series)
| 0 |
10,149,192 |
# Vishnu Puran (TV series)
## Episode guide {#episode_guide}
### Kurma Avatara and the churning of the ocean (episodes 10-17) {#kurma_avatara_and_the_churning_of_the_ocean_episodes_10_17}
**Episode 10**: At Hayagriva\'s funeral, a danava named Kaalaketu defeats another danava, Arshal, for the kingship. The danavas at once attack the devas in revenge for Hayagriva\'s death, but Lord Indra easily defeats them. Lord Indra boasts about his victory.
**Episode 11**: Shukracharya, the danava guru, chides his followers for attacking without a plan. He forms a plan of his own: to ask Lord Shiva for the Sanjeevani Mantra - a mantra that enables one to bring the dead back to life. Lord Indra goes to Lord Shiva to prevent this, but Shukracharya attracts Lord Shiva\'s attention first and earns the right to attempt Shiva\'s penance to obtain the mantra: to hang upside down from a tree, without eating, drinking or speaking, and breathing only the smoke of burning leaves, for one year.
**Episode 12**: Lord Indra is worried when it appears that Shukracharya will succeed. When the apsaras are afraid to try and interrupt the penance, Lord Indra\'s daughter Jayanti determines to go, against Lord Indra\'s will.
**Episode 13**: Jayanti throws chili peppers into the leaf fire and Shukracharya is in agony. However, he does not break his penance. Angry at the sabotage, Shiva ends the trial and grants Shukracharya the Sanjeevani Mantra on the spot. Guilt-stricken, Jayanti offers to marry Shukracharya and serve him to atone for causing him such suffering. He accepts.
**Episode 14**: The danavas attack the devas and with Shukracharya bringing each dead danava back to life, the devas can\'t win. They flee and ask Lord Shri Vishnu to help them. Lord Shri Vishnu Bhagwan tells Lord Indra he must churn the ocean to extract amrita, the nectar of immortality. This will make the devas and danava even. The catch is, the devas are not strong enough alone to churn the ocean. Lord Indra must obtain the cooperation of the danava.
**Episode 15**: Lord Indra points out to Shukracharya that when he dies, he won\'t be able to use the Sanjeevani Mantra on himself and the danava advantage will be lost. Concerned, Shukracharya agrees to help churn the ocean. Both sides agree to share equally whatever they obtain from the ocean, but Shukracharya privately asks the danava Swarbhanu to make sure the danavas get the amrita. The churning rope will be the serpent Vasuki; Sage Narada tricks the danavas into getting the head end while the devas grasp the tail.
**Episode 16**: Lord Shri Vishnu incarnates as Kurma, the divine turtle, and supports the churn - Mount Mandara - on his back. The first thing to emerge from the ocean is a lethal poison. Lord Shiva drinks it to save the world, earning the nickname Nilkanth. Second, Goddess Lakshmi emerges from the ocean. The danavas and devas fight over her until Lord Brahma protects her and decrees the eternal right for a woman to choose her own husband.
**Episode 17**: Lord Brahma holds a Swayamvara ceremony for Goddess Lakshmi to choose her husband. She chooses Lord Shri Vishnu. The churning of the ocean continues and the amrita emerges and is promptly stolen by Swarbhanu. Lord Shri Vishnu appears as Mohini, a beautiful woman, and dazzles the danavas into inviting the devas to watch them drink the amrita. She gives it to the devas first, however, and there is none left for the danavas. Swarbhanu disguises himself as a deva and receives some amrita, but Lord Shri Vishnu then cuts off his head.
| 588 |
Vishnu Puran (TV series)
| 1 |
10,149,192 |
# Vishnu Puran (TV series)
## Episode guide {#episode_guide}
### Narasimha Avatara and Prahlad\'s trials of faith (episodes 18-39) {#narasimha_avatara_and_prahlads_trials_of_faith_episodes_18_39}
#### Hiranyakashipu\'s boon (episodes 18-21) {#hiranyakashipus_boon_episodes_18_21}
**Episode 18**: Lord Brahma\'s four saintly sons visit Lord Shri Vishnu but are prevented from entering by the gatekeepers Jaya-Vijaya. The saints curse Jaya and Vijaya to be born three times as asuras and to be killed by Lord Shri Vishnu each time. Jaya and Vijaya are born as Hiranyaksha and Hiranyakashipu. Hiranyaksha steals the earth and hides it. Lord Shri Vishnu incarnates as Varaha and kills Hiranyaksha. Hiranyakashipu vows revenge.
**Episode 19**: To obtain his revenge, Hiranyakashipu does a penance to obtain a boon from Lord Brahma. Indra tries to help Lord Shri Vishnu by disrupting the penance, but every attempt is thwarted by Shukracharya. In desperation, Indra decides to kidnap Hiranyakashipu\'s wife Kayadhu and kill her unborn son. However, Sage Narada stops Indra and rescues Kayadhu. In his ashram, Narada chants Lord Shri Vishnu\'s name to Kayadhu and her unborn son hears it.
**Episode 20**: Lord Brahma puts off answering Hiranyakashipu\'s prayers, but is finally forced to do so. Hiranyakashipu asks for immortality, but Lord Brahma says no being can have that. Hiranyakashipu must ask for something else. Hiranyakashipu asks Lord Brahma to make it that he, Hiranyakashipu, cannot be killed by day or by night, inside a building or outside a building, on earth or in heaven, by god or man or animal, or by any weapon. Lord Brahma grants all the boons. Narada tells Hiranyakashipu about the whereabouts of his wife.
**Episode 21**: Kayadhu says she has never been so happy and asks to stay with Narada until her son is born. Hiranyakashipu agrees and celebrates his boon by declaring himself God and banning the worship of Lord Shri Vishnu. Swarbhanu joins Hiranyakashipu\'s court. Kayadhu gives birth to a son, Prahlad, and receives permission to stay with Narada until Prahlad is a little older. Hiranyakashipu makes Narada promise not to say the name \"Vishnu\" in front of Prahlad.
#### Story of Prahlad (episodes 22-34) {#story_of_prahlad_episodes_22_34}
**Episode 22**: Prahlad has grown into a sweet little boy who is utterly devoted to Lord Shri Vishnu (whom he knows by his 999 other names) and has mastered all the yoga Narada has taught him. Kayadhu and Prahlad return to the asura kingdom and Hiranyakashipu sends Prahlad to school. At school, Prahlad is shocked to see an idol of his father and refuses to worship it. Prahlad teaches his classmates about Lord Shri Vishnu.
**Episode 23**: When Prahlad returns to the palace, Hiranyakashipu asks what he has learnt. Prahlad says the school taught false knowledge and Lord Shri Vishnu is the only God. Hiranyakashipu is furious and orders the teachers, Shukracharya\'s sons Amark and Shund, to correct Prahlad\'s thinking.
**Episode 24**: Kayadhu goes to the school and begs Prahlad to say that his father is the only God. Prahlad refuses. He is not afraid. When Prahlad returns to court and again affirms his faith, Hiranyakashipu orders Prahlad to be killed. But the soldier\'s swords do him no harm. Hiranyakashipu sends Prahlad into exile in the wilderness instead. Swarbhanu follows Prahlad and prevents him from getting any food or drink.
**Episode 25**: Lord Shri Vishnu releases his Sudarshana Chakra and chases Swarbhanu away. Prahlad\'s fellow students find him and bring him food. Hiranyakashipu sends soldiers who throw Prahlad off a mountain. Lord Shri Vishnu catches Prahlad and lays him gently in a grain cart.
**Episode 26**: The grain cart was making a delivery to Hiranyakashipu\'s court. Furious at Prahlad\'s survival, Hiranyakashipu has his son thrown in jail. Swarbhanu attempts to poison Prahlad, but Shiva manifests and drinks the poison.
**Episode 27**: Hiranyakashipu\'s sister Singhika and her husband Viprachitti come for a visit. Singhika demonstrates how she cannot be hurt by fire, thanks to a boon granted to her by Agni the fire god. Hiranyakashipu enlists Singhika and Viprachitti\'s help in killing Prahlad. They suggest sending Prahlad to their kingdom, Kamarupa, with a letter. The letter will tell their son Aahlad to throw Prahlad into a snake pit. Aahlad tells Prahlad he will be taken to visit a temple of Lord Shri Vishnu.
**Episode 28**: Prahlad is locked in the snake pit, where he prays to Lord Shri Vishnu. Kayadhu also prays to Lord Shri Vishnu to protect her son. The Sudarshana Chakra appears in the snake pit and the snakes vanish. Prahlad opens his eyes and sees the idol of Lord Shri Vishnu. Meanwhile, an escaped snake bites Aahlad and he dies. Prahlad is devastated; he prays to Lord Shri Vishnu for his brother\'s life and Lord Shri Vishnu brings Aahlad back to life.
**Episode 29**: Hiranyakashipu, Singhika and Viprachitti hear of Aahlad\'s death and all vow revenge. Prahlad and Aahlad go to the palace together, but Singhika only pretends to be happy and persuades Prahlad to enter the fire with her. Aahlad becomes a Lord Shri Vishnu devotee. Hiranyakashipu declares a festival for the fire trial.
**Episode 30**: Singhika and Prahlad enter the fire. Sinhika burns, Prahlad is protected. Viprachitti in revenge puts Prahlad in an enchanted sleep and throws him into the ocean, but the ocean god protects Prahlad at Goddess Lakshmi\'s behest. Kayadhu goes to the seashore and pleads with the ocean to return her son.
**Episode 31**: Goddess Lakshmi asks the ocean god to return Prahlad to Kayadhu; he does so. Shukracharya offers to arrange for Prahlad\'s demise. He wants to invoke the demoness Kritya and orders his sons Shand and Amark to do so.
**Episode 32**: Shand and Amark perform the Kritya ceremony. The demoness appears but the Sudarshana Chakra again protects Prahlad, so Kritya kills Shand and Amark instead. Shukracharya is devastated. Prahlad chides Shukracharya for being a bad guru and guiding his father Hiranyakashipu into the path of egotism. Prahlad selflessly prays for Lord Shri Vishnu to revive Shand and Amark and they become his disciples.
**Episode 33**: Hiranyakashipu decides to kill Prahlad himself. He orders his son to embrace a red hot pillar of iron. Brahma begs Lord Shri Vishnu to do something to overcome the boon. Lord Shri Vishnu appears as Narasimha with the torso of a man and head of a lion, who is both god and man and animal, and kills Hiranyakashipu at twilight, on the threshold of the palace, suspended in air on His thighs, with His bare hands and sharp claws. Brahma, Shiva, Narada and Goddess Lakshmi all fail to calm Narasimha down, but it is Prahlad who succeeds.
**Episode 34**: Prahlad performs his father\'s last rites after Aahlad refuses. Prahlad will not let Kayadhu commit sati. Goddess Lakshmi loves Prahlad, but Lord Shri Vishnu loves all his children, even the wicked ones such as Shukracharya.
#### Prahlad and Virochan (episodes 35-39) {#prahlad_and_virochan_episodes_35_39}
**Episode 35**: Aahlad refuses the throne. Prahlad, now grown and king, dispenses justice. Shukracharya plans to control Prahlad's son Virochan.
**Episode 36**: Shukracharya sends Virochan hunting, although Prahlad does not approve. During a storm, Virochan saves Sudhanva, son of Sage Angira, from a falling tree. Both are hurt and together they seek shelter at the cottage of Sage Vatsa. Both fall in love with the sage\'s daughter Deepavali.
**Episode 37**: Prahlad searches the forest and finds his son. Later, both Virochan and Sudhanva return to the hermitage and propose to Deepavali. When she cannot choose, Virochan draws his sword on Sudhanva and abducts Deepavali, taking her to Shukracharya\'s ashram.
**Episode 38**: The Saptarishis inform Prahlad of his sons\' actions and Prahlad at once rescues Deepavali, standing up to Shukracharya. When neither Deepavali nor her father can decide between the two boys, her father asks Prahlad to make the decision.
**Episode 39**: Prahlad asks Sudhanva if he minds Prahlad being the judge. Sudhanva accepts. Kayadhu and Prahlad\'s wife try to convince Prahlad to decide in Virochan\'s favour, but Prahlad says Virochan was wrong to have used force and that he decides Deepavali should marry Sudhanva. Virochan humbly admits his wrongs. Lord Shri Vishnu and Goddess Lakshmi appear and praise Prahlad.
| 1,340 |
Vishnu Puran (TV series)
| 2 |
10,149,192 |
# Vishnu Puran (TV series)
## Episode guide {#episode_guide}
### Vamana Avatara and Mahabali (episodes 40-46) {#vamana_avatara_and_mahabali_episodes_40_46}
**Episode 40**: Kayadhu dies. Prahlad renounces the world and crowns Virochan. Virochan marries Vishalaakshi of the danavas. Shukracharya\'s father Sage Bhrigu foresees a danger to Virochan. Vishalaakshi gives birth to a son, Bali.
**Episode 41**: Virochan completes the penance for his safety suggested by Sage Bhrigu and receives from Surya, the sun god, a protective crown. Bali goes to school. Virochan announces that no gods other than Lord Shri Vishnu may be worshipped, angering Indra. Indra\'s anger worries Lord Shri Vishnu.
**Episode 42**: While Virochan is travelling alone, Indra tricks him, drugs him, steals his crown and kills him. Bali, now grown, vows revenge on Indra and attacks heaven alone - and is brutally killed by Indra and the devas. Lord Shri Vishnu is furious with Indra and after making him return Bali's body, breaks his relationship with the Deva's forever.
**Episode 43**: Shukracharya brings Bali back to life with the Sanjeevani mantra and requests that in return, Bali bring him Indra\'s crown. Bali attacks heaven, captures Indra and the other devas, bans their worship and exiles them to earth.
**Episode 44**: Aditi appeals to her sister Dhriti in vain for forgiveness for the devas. Lakshmi showers Bali with wealth after he worships her. When Bali hears that the devas are being worshipped on earth, he resolves to conquer earth; Shukracharya is thrilled. At Narada\'s request, Prahlad tries to convince Bali not to attack earth. Lakshmi also appeals to Bali in vain.
**Episode 45**: Bali invades earth. Aditi begs Lord Shri Vishnu to forgive her sons and fulfill his promise to be born from her womb. Lord Shri Vishnu incarnates as Vamana, a little person. Lord Brahma, Saraswati, Lord Shiva, Kashyap, Brihaspati and the devas attend the birth and bring gifts.
**Episode 46**: Lord Shri Vishnu explains to Indra that he has incarnated to be a beggar. Shukracharya tries to counter Lord Shri Vishnu\'s birth by ordering Bali to perform the Ashvamedha sacrifice. Vamana interrupts the yagna and asks Bali for three steps\' worth of land. Bali grants the boon. Vamana grows and covers all three worlds in his steps, with the third one stepping on Bali\'s head and pushing him deep under the world.
| 382 |
Vishnu Puran (TV series)
| 3 |
10,149,192 |
# Vishnu Puran (TV series)
## Episode guide {#episode_guide}
### Parashurama Avatara and the Kshatriyas (episodes 47-63) {#parashurama_avatara_and_the_kshatriyas_episodes_47_63}
#### Young Parshuram\'s determination (episodes 47-52) {#young_parshurams_determination_episodes_47_52}
**Episode 47**: Lord Shri Vishnu forgives and blesses Bali. A new story begins. The Brahmins (priests) were supreme in this age and the Kshatriyas (warriors) began to resent this. King Kartavirya Arjuna (Sahasrarjun) strikes Saint Jamdagni\'s son and is summoned to the sage\'s court.
**Episode 48**: The Brahmins make Sahasrarjun apologize. Embarrassed, Sahasrarjun gets together with other kings and forms a plan to steal Sage Jamdagni\'s cows and stop the state grants to the Brahmins. Lord Shri Vishnu promises Lakshmi that he will protect the weak.
**Episode 49**: The people provide for the Brahmins. The sages court accuse king Sahasrarjun of the theft of the cows. Angry, Sahasrarjun burns Sage Jamdagni\'s ashram\.... over and over again. Lord Shri Vishnu is born as Parshuram, son of Saint Jamdagni and his wife Renuka.
**Episode 50**: Saint Jamdagni does not want young Parshuram to learn martial arts, as this is not appropriate for a Brahmin. But Parshuram practices anyway. Parshuram kills four soldiers who chase him into a Shiva temple.
**Episode 51**: Shiva appears and offers to teach Parshuram for ten years. Sahasrarjun turns on his allies and seizes their kingdoms. Parshuram renounces his caste and sets out for Mount Kailash, where Shiva accepts him as his pupil. Sahasrarjun meets Ravan, fights him, and takes him prisoner.
**Episode 52**: Sahasrarjun imprisons Ravan after discovering that Ravan can\'t be killed. Parshuram undergoes ten years of training. At the end, Shiva gifts him pianki bow and an axe. Renuka goes to reason with Sahasrarjun and he traps her in the palace.
#### Sage Jamdagni\'s family troubles (episodes 53-57) {#sage_jamdagnis_family_troubles_episodes_53_57}
**Episode 53**: Renuka fights off Sahasrarjun, wounding and cursing him. Sahasrarjun\'s wife wishes she was dead. Jamdagni accuses Renuka of being unfaithful. Renuka\'s four sons refuse their father\'s to kill their mother, but Parshuram, arriving home, promises to obey the order before knowing what it is.
**Episode 54**: Parshuram obeys his father and beheads Renuka. Jamdagni offers him any boon; Parshuram asks for Renuka to be restored to life. Jamdagni asks Renuka for forgiveness. Parshuram confronts Sahasrarjun but does not kill him after Sahasrarjun\'s wife asks for mercy. Sage Vashistha visits Jamdagni with the gift-giving cow, Sushila, and Anamika, her caregiver.
**Episode 55**: Sahasrarjun\'s army attacks the hermitage. Parshuram kills them all and Jamdagni tells him to leave. Sahasrarjun offers Ravan his freedom in exchange for defeating Parshuram; Ravan refuses. Shiva instructs Parshuram to free his devotee Ravan.
**Episode 56**: Parshuram frees Ravan. Sahasrarjun\'s army search for Parshurarm without success. Sage Jamdagni forbids the ashram students from joining Parshuram\'s guerilla army. Anamika offers to spread the word and recruit army members from other ashrams.
**Episode 57**: In order to be free to go out on her mission, Anamika lies and tells Jamdagni and Renuka that she has married Parshuram. Parshuram is angry. Sahasrarjun\'s four sons in disguise spy on the ashram and covet Sushila. When they try to take her by force, Jamdagni is finally roused and fights them off. Sage Jamdagni apologizes to Parshuram.
#### Parshuram\'s revenge (episodes 58-63) {#parshurams_revenge_episodes_58_63}
**Episode 58**: Sahasrarjun attacks Sage Jamdagni, injuring him and stealing Sushila. Parshuram takes her back from the palace, but Sahasrarjun\'s sons reach the ashram first and kill Jamdagni. Sahasrarjun asks Sage Vishvamitra to take the Kshatriya side, and is sternly rejected.
**Episode 59**: Sahasrarjun\'s queen dies after failing to convince her husband to apologize and end the war. Twenty-one Kshatryia kings join Sahasrarjun; the Brahmins rally to Parshuram. Sahasrarjun\'s sons plot to kidnap Anamika. Parshuram gives his army a pep talk.
**Episode 60**: Sahasrarjun\'s sons attack Renuka and Anamika. Anamika kills herself rather than be used as a hostage. Sahasrarjun sends his sons away for their protection but Parshuram tracks down and kills them one by one.
**Episode 61**: Parshuram gives his mother Sahasrarjun\'s sons\'s heads. She dies unhappy that her son is so vengeful. Sahasrarjun swears vengeance for his sons.
**Episode 62**: Sahasrarjun tries to draw Parshuram into a trap. Parshuram offers peace in exchange for an apology from Sahasrarjun. Sahasrarjun refuses. Parshuram kills Sahasrarjun.
**Episode 63**: Parshuram visits Lord Shiva to return his bow. Shiva asks him to give to either Ravan or Janak - both are his devotees. Displeased by Ravan\'s behaviour, Parshuram leaves without giving him the bow. On the way he meets Shravankumar and his parents. Pleased by his reception at Janak\'s court, Parshuram gives the bow to Janak.
| 754 |
Vishnu Puran (TV series)
| 4 |
10,149,192 |
# Vishnu Puran (TV series)
## Episode guide {#episode_guide}
### Rama Avatara and Ravana (episodes 64-120) {#rama_avatara_and_ravana_episodes_64_120}
#### Ravana\'s atrocities, Shravan\'s death and Dasratha\'s marriage with Kaikeyi (episodes 64-67) {#ravanas_atrocities_shravans_death_and_dasrathas_marriage_with_kaikeyi_episodes_64_67}
**Episode 64**: Dasharatha accidentally kills Shravan while hunting and is cursed by Shravan\'s blind parents.
**Episode 65**: Dasharatha goes to help Kaipaya beat off an attack by Ravan. When his charioteer is killed, a young man takes the job. The young man turns out to be the king\'s daughter, Kaikeyi, in disguise.
**Episode 66**: Dasharatha defeats Ravan in battle. Kaikeyi saves Dasharatha\'s life twice, and he offers her two boons that she may have fulfilled any time in the future. Kaikeyi wants to marry Dasharatha and he asks his two queens if they agree.
**Episode 67**: Dasharatha\'s guru Sage Vashist arranges the marriage, which takes place. Meanwhile, Ravan continues to persecute sages and Lord Vishnu decides he must incarnate to stop Ravan.
#### Boons of Ravan & Birth of Ram and Sita (episodes 68-78) {#boons_of_ravan_birth_of_ram_and_sita_episodes_68_78}
**Episode 68**: Dasharatha asks Vashisht for help in performing a yagna (sacrifice) to obtain children. Ravan\'s hordes kill a sage and the blood falls in a field in Janak\'s kingdom. This causes a famine.
**Episode 69**: Sage Narada learns a lesson from Lord Shri Vishnu.
**Episode 70**: Ravan stops his youngest brother Vibhishan from worshipping.
**Episode 71**: On the advice of his younger brother Kumbhakarna, Ravan performs penance and asks for a boon.
**Episode 72**: Lord Shri Vishnu asks Goddess Lakshmi to incarnate with him.
**Episode 73**: Lord Shri Vishnu is born as Ram. Ravan prepares to attack the devas.
**Episode 74**: Ravan\'s son Meghnath defeats the devas. Laksmi is born as Sita and is found by Janak as he ploughs the field to stop the famine.
**Episode 75**: Manthara, Kaikeyi\'s servant, makes a failed attempt to kill the child Shri Ram. Ravan taunts the captive devas. Dasharatha asks Sage Vashist to undertake the education of his four sons, Ram, Lakshman, Bharat and Shatrughna.
**Episode 76**: Shri Ram asks Sage Vashista for instruction on religion. Janak invites Sage Gautam to be Sita\'s teacher.
**Episode 77**: Sita refuses to be taught by Gautam, because Gautam had unjustly turned his wife Ahalya to stone.
#### Ram wins Sita (episodes 78-86) {#ram_wins_sita_episodes_78_86}
**Episode 78**: .The narrator, Dharti Ma, recaps Lord Shri Vishnu\'s incarnations so far.
**Episode 79**:The four brothers finish their education. Sage Vishwamitra\'s sacrifices are being disturbed by Taraka, a yaksha demoness
**Episode 80**:Dasharatha offers to send his army against Taraka, but Sage Vishwamitra asks for Ram alone. But Lakshman, who is inseparable from Ram, goes too.
**Episode 81**:Taraka attacks Ram with magic; he has to use celestial weapons to kill her and her sons Subahu and Marich.
**Episode 82**: Janak invites Sage Vishwamitra to Sita\'s swayamvara. Vishwamitra brings Ram and Lakshman along. Ram releases Ahalya from Gautam\'s curse.
**Episode 83**: Janak imposes a condition on the swayamvara; only those who can lift Shiva\'s bow will be eligible. Sage Vishvamitra decides to take Ram and Lakshman to the swayamvara.
**Episode 84**:Ram and Sita meet in a flower meadow and are smitten. Sita prays to Goddess Gauri. Gauri promises Sita that Ram will be her husband.
**Episode 85**: Ravan goes to the swayamvara and fails to lift the bow. Ram lifts it easily.
**Episode 86**:Parshuram is aware of the bow being moved and comes to confront Ram. He is appeased by Lakshman who explains Ram respects Lord Shiva. Wedding preparations begin.
#### The plot against Ram (episodes 87-97) {#the_plot_against_ram_episodes_87_97}
**Episode 87**: Keikeyi is extremely happy about the wedding but Manthara is quite the opposite. Sage Vishwamitra proposes that Sita\'s three sisters, Urmila, Mandavi, and Shrutakirti marry Ram\'s three brothers, Lakshman, Bharat, and Shatrughn respectively.
**Episode 88**: The quadruple wedding takes place and the couples return to Dasharatha\'s capital, Ayodhya.
**Episode 89**: Keikeyi is thrilled to see her son Bharat with his wife Mandavi. Manthara opposes Keikeyi\'s plan to gift her own jewellery to Sita. Dasharatha wants to retire and crown Ram king. Ram thinks Bharat would be a better choice.
**Episode 90**: Bharat is summoned to visit Keikeyi\'s parents, who are ill. The court decides Ram should be king.
**Episode 91**: Manthara tells Keikeyi that if Ram is crowned instead of Bharat, Keikeyi will be badly treated.
**Episode 92**: Manthara urges Keikeyi to use her two unfulfilled boons to prevent Ram\'s coronation.
**Episode 93**: Keikeyi asks Dasharath to fulfill her two boons by (1) crowning Bharat and (2) sending Ram into exile for 14 years. Dasharatha is devastated.
**Episode 94**: Dasharath begs Ram to seize the crown anyway, but Ram says as a dutiful son he must help his father keep his promises. Ram asks Keikeyi to bless him.
**Episode 95**: Sita resolves to accompany Ram into exile. Queen Sumitra wants to persuade Keikeyi to take back her requests, but Queen Kaushalya agrees that it is vital to keep a promise.
**Episode 96**: Lakshman also resolves to accompany Ram into exile. Ram, Sita and Lakshman change into renunciant\'s clothes.
**Episode 97**: Lakshman asks his wife Urmila to stay behind so that Lakshman can wholly devote himself to serving Ram. It is a sorrowful parting.
| 856 |
Vishnu Puran (TV series)
| 5 |
10,149,192 |
# Vishnu Puran (TV series)
## Episode guide {#episode_guide}
### Rama Avatara and Ravana (episodes 64-120) {#rama_avatara_and_ravana_episodes_64_120}
#### Ram goes into exile; Bharat\'s grief (episodes 98-106) {#ram_goes_into_exile_bharats_grief_episodes_98_106}
**Episode 98**: Dasharatha tries to convince Sita and Lakshman to stay behind. Ram promises Keikeyi that he will prevent anyone from rebelling against Bharat as king. Dasharatha never wants to see Keikeyi again.
**Episode 99**: Shri Ram leaves and meets a friend, Nishadraj Guha, who helps the three cross the river. Bharat and Shatraghun start for home from the palace of Keikeyi\'s parents. Dasharatha sends his prime minister Sumant to bring Ram back.
**Episode 100**: Shri Ram refuses Sumant\'s pleas to return. Lord Shiva explains Ram and Dasharatha\'s actions to Parvati.
**Episode 101**: Dasharatha dies of grief. Bharat and Shatrughan arrive home and are devastated to hear of their brothers\' exile and their father\'s death. Bharat refuses the crown and decides to bring Ram back.
**Episode 102**: Bharat finds out his mother and Manthara engineered the whole plot and is devastated. At Sage Vashishth\'s request, Bharat conducts his father\'s funeral.
**Episode 103**: Devi Sita has a bad dream about Ayodhaya. Keikeyi feels guilty for Dasharatha\'s death. Sumant obeys Dasharatha\'s last wish and bars Keikeyi from the funeral.
**Episode 104**: Keikeyi mourns. Shri Ram, Devi Sita and Lakshman visit Sage Bhardwaj at Prayag, the confluence of the three sacred rivers: Ganges, Yamuna and Saraswati.
**Episode 105**: Bharat asks Keikeyi to come with him in search of Shri Ram. Devi Sita\'s father Janak hears all the news, including that Bharat has gone after Ram and taken the army. Janak heads after them.
**Episode 106**: Shri Ram, Devi Sita and Lakshman visit Sage Valmiki, who is writing Ram\'s life story, in Chitrakoot. Lakshman sees Bharat\'s army and fears at attack. Ram has perfect faith in Bharat\'s good intentions.
**Episode 107**: Bharat tells Shri Ram that Dasharatha has died. But Shri Ram insists on keeping his father\'s promise and refuses to return. Bharat promises to rule as regent only and takes Ram\'s sandals to place on the throne.
**Episode 108**: The demi-god vulture Jatayu directs Shri Ram to a dwelling place at Panchavati. Ravan\'s sister Surpanakha visits her brothers Khar, Dhushan and Trishira who live in a nearby forest. Ram kills some rakshasa demons when he finds them harassing some sages. Curious about this powerful human, Surpanakha visits Panchavati and is smitten with Ram.
**Episode 109**: A jealous Surpanakha attacks Devi Sita and an angry Lakshman cuts off Surpanakha\'s nose. Surpanakha returns with her brothers Khar, Dhushan and Trishira and Ram and Lakshman kill all three. Surpanakha tells Ravan who vows revenge and is furious and decides to attack Ram. Ravan asks the magical rakshasa Maricha, whom Ram saved earlier, to help.
**Episode 110**: Maricha turns into a golden deer and lures Ram far away, trying to catch it for Devi Sita. Maricha then calls for help and Sita, hearing, sends Lakshman. Devi Sita is now alone and Ravan abducts her, killing Jatayu. As Ravan flies through the air, Devi Sita throw down her jewellery.
**Episode 111**: At Ravan\'s island kingdom, Lanka, Devi Sita is kept prisoner by Trijata and other demons in a grove. Surpanakha is thrilled, but Ravan\'s mother and others warn Ravan this will cause trouble. Ram and Lakshman search for Devi Sita.
**Episode 112**: Ram blesses Shabari, an untouchable saint.
**Episode 113**:Sugreev, a prince of the Vanar kingdom, and Hanuman, a powerful vanar who is the son of the Wind God Vayu, find Devi Sita\'s jewellery and show it to Ram.
**Episode 114**: Sugreev tells his story: he left his brother king Bali who was fighting an asura in a cave, truly thinking that Bali was dead, and took the throne as regent until Bali\'s son Angad grew up. However, Bali was not dead, and returned angry, beating up Sugreev. Ram kills Bali for his wrong actions. A grateful Sugreev orders his army to find Devi Sita.
**Episode 115**:Angad, Hanuman and their friend the bear king Jambavantha meet Jatayu\'s brother Sampaati, who tells them Devi Sita is across the sea in Lanka. Hanuman leaps over the ocean and locates Devi Sita and be friends with Vibhishan. Ravan gives Devi Sita a deadline: marry him in one month or she will be forced.
#### Battle with Ravan (episodes 116-120) {#battle_with_ravan_episodes_116_120}
**Episode 116**: Ravan\'s youngest son Akshaykumar attacks Hanuman and is killed. Meghnad takes Hanuman prisoner. Ravan sets Hanuman\'s tail on fire. Hanuman burns the city of Lanka to the ground.
**Episode 117**: Hanuman tells Ram about Ravan\'s deadline. Ram, Lakshman and Sugreev\'s army reach the seashore. Vibhishan advises Ravan to return Devi Sita, and Ravan throws Vibhishan out. Vibhishan joins Ram and tells him how to cross the sea. The monkey brothers Neel and Nal build a bridge Ram sends Angad as an ambassador to Ravan, in case there is a way to avert war.
**Episode 118**: Angad successfully stands up to Ravan but Ravan will not make peace. The war begins. Meghnad injures Lakshman with a celestial weapon and Hanuman fetches the Sanjeevani herb - along with the entire mountain that it\'s growing on - to cure Lakshman. Kumbhakarna advises Ravan to return Sita, but goes out to fight when Ravan refuses. Ram kills Kumbhakarna.
**Episode 119**: Lord Shiva tells the birth story of Hanuman to Goddess Parvati.
**Episode 120**: Meghnad prays to Lord Shiva for a boon, but does not receive it as Hanuman interrupts him. Lakshman kills Meghnad. Ram treats Meghnad\'s body with honour and returns it to Lanka. Ravan and Shri Ram have their ultimate confrontation. Ram reveals he incarnated to stop Ravan\'s atrocities. Vibhishan tells Ram the secret of killing Ravan, who can regrow new heads - shoot his navel instead. Ram kills Ravan. The 14 years are up and Vibhishan, now king of Lanka, lends Shri Ram, Devi Sita and Lakshman his flying chariot so they can return to Ayodhya on the correct day and not worry Bharat. The exiles joyously return to Ayodhya and Bharat.
| 998 |
Vishnu Puran (TV series)
| 6 |
10,149,192 |
# Vishnu Puran (TV series)
## Episode guide {#episode_guide}
### Krishna Avatara (episodes 121-124) {#krishna_avatara_episodes_121_124}
**Episode 121**: Mother Earth concludes that whenever she was riddled with sinners, whenever the human race was endangered - the creator of the Universe, the God incarnated Himself. She summarizes the 10 incarnation of Vishnu beginning with the incident of Jaya and Vijaya, who due to a curse were born twice as demons and became enemies of the God. and the God had incarnated Himself as Varaha, Narasimha and Sri Rama to slay Hiranyaksha, Hiranyakashipu, Kumbhakarna and Ravana. In the form of Kansa, Kalanemi (son of Hiranyaksha) has spread terror in Mathura. The tyrant Kansa had fixed his sister Devaki\'s marriage with his friend Vasudeva. He is informed that God of death was waiting for this union as Devaki\'s eighth son will kill him through a heavenly voice. He imprisons his sister and brother-in-law so that he could kill their sons and prove the prediction wrong or false. Kansa kills Devaki\'s six sons, but Vasudeva\'s first wife Rohini took away their seventh son, who later came to be known as Balarama. Lord Krishna is born as the eighth son. Vasudeva shifts Krishna to Gokul to his friend Nanda overnight to save his child and switching their baby in Krishna\'s place. Kansa goes to prison to kill the baby and now the baby slips out of Kansa\'s hand and reveals herself as goddess Yogamaya, stating that it is useless to kill her as Vasudeva and Devaki\'s true child is safe in Gokula and says to Kansa that his end is inevitable. Kansa sends Demon queen Putana to kill Krishna. Child Krishna sucks out her life. Lord Krishna as child performs leelas with cowherd friends, one of many being Krishna dancing on the snake Kaliya. Kansa goes through repeated nightmares. Krishna kills Kansa\'s elephant Kuwaliyapeed. Krishna appears in various forms in Rangshala. One time Kansa\'s messenger Akroora (a righteous person) invites Krishna and Balarama for a duel with Kansa, where Krishna and Balarama kills Chanda and Mushtika respectively (Kamsa\'s bodyguards). Krishna kills Kansa after a prolong battle to free his parents from prison. Krishna recrowns Ugrasena (Kansa\'s father) as king of Mathura. During Yudhishthira\'s Rajasuya Yagna at Indraprastha, Shishupala started teasing the people over there, stating Krishna had married 16,100 women who already had a husband before, Bhima for marrying a rakshasi (demoness) Hidimbi, Bhishma for abducting the princess of Kashi and destroying a woman\'s (Amba) life and also he accused Pandu for killing a sage. Krishna is the one who got too much insults from Shishupala, and once his promise to his aunt (that he would not punish Shishupala until or otherwise he does 100 mistakes) was over, he spun his Sudharshana Chakra to slice off (behead) Shishupala\'s head. Before all these incidents he also killed Dantavakra, Shishupala and Krishna\'s another cousin. Shishupala and Dantavakra were the last incarnation of Jaya and Vijaya (respectively) and they were freed from their curse when Krishna killed them.
**Episode 122**: Using the scenes from previous volumes, this episode summarizes Lord Vishnu\'s ten Incarnations. The first incarnation was as a fish to protect Manu and to punish the demon Hayagriva (not to be confused with Hayagriva god) who had stolen the four Vedas that Brahma had created for the welfare of mankind. Angered with the slaying of Hayagriva, demon Hiranyaksha kidnapped Mother Earth thus endangering the entire human race. This necessitated Vishnu\'s third incarnation as a Boar. He killed Hiranyaksha and rescued Mother Earth. The menace of demons was increasing specially after their Guru Shukracharya had gained the precious mantra from Shiva for giving new life to dead demons. To grant immortality to gods, it was decided to derive elixir by churning the ocean. To raise a mountain from the sea for churning, the Lord Vishnu took the incarnation of a Turtle. To avenge the death of his brother, demon Hiranyakashipu gained a boon from Brahma which made his death almost impossible. He banned the devotion of Vishnu on earth and compelled people, including his son, to worship him. To end his atrocities Lord Vishnu made his son Prahlad as his ardent devotee. Hiranyakashipu used various methods to get his son killed. Lord Vishnu took the incarnation of Narasimha to destroy him. To end the arrogance of King Bali, Lord Vishnu took the Vaman Avtar - His fifth incarnation. When Kings began forgetting their duty as administrator and were closing down hermitages and schools then Lord Vishnu incarnated Himself as Parshuram and then the seventh incarnation as Rama. To relieve the world from the injustice of Kans and Kauravas Lord Vishnu took the eighth incarnation as Lord Krishna. And in recent times, when deception was at its zenith when the priests had spread the evils of superstitions in the society, the Lord Vishnu took the ninth incarnation - of Lord Gautama Buddha - to give a new direction of non-violence to the world. Whereas Balarama is worshiped in southern regions of India as the eight avatar, with Krishna as ninth, in distinction to north India, where Krishna is worshiped as eighth and Balaram is not included as an avatar. The present era is called Kali Yuga. In Srimad Bhagvadam the great Sage Vyasa has said that in the final phase of Kali Yuga, Lord Vishnu shall reincarnate Himself as Kalki. Thus concludes the sacred Vishnupuran.
**Episode 123**: This episode uses several important scenes from Dr. B.R. Chopra\'s Mahabharat TV serial to depict the importance of women in the Indian mythology. It deals with Rukmini\'s marriage to Krishna which highlights a woman\'s right to have a major say in the selection of her life partner. It also covers the story of Subhadra\'s abduction by Arjuna with the help of Lord Krishna.
**Episode 124**: This last episode also uses material from Mahabharat TV serial. It describes about the boon that was granted by Krishna to Shishupala and the death of Shishupala at Yudhishthira\'s Rajasuya Yagna at Indraprastha. It also shows the Bhagavad-Gita narration. Krishna drives Arjuna to the middle of the battlefield in his chariot. Arjuna sees the men on the battlefield and tells Krishna, \"Winning a kingdom after killing one\'s own kin is too heavy a price to pay. I prefer to be a beggar if this is the price I have to pay for our throne.\" Krishna\'s teaching to Arjuna at the battlefield forms the basis of the Bhagavad Gita. Unable to satisfy Arjuna\'s hopeless conscience, Krishna grants divine eyesight to Arjuna and stuns him with his Viśvarūpa (divine manifestation). Arjuna is consoled and enlightened. He understands that the pure seek the spirit while the impure are trapped in Prakriti (Matter). He agrees to do his duty selflessly, lifts his Gandiva bow and prepares to fight the Kauravas.
| 1,128 |
Vishnu Puran (TV series)
| 7 |
10,149,192 |
# Vishnu Puran (TV series)
## Cast
- Nitish Bharadwaj as Bhagwan Vishnu / Vamana / Parashurama / Rama / Krishna
- Vaidehi Amrute as Mahadevi Lakshmi
- Sudhir Dalvi as Bramhadev
- Samar Jai Singh as Bhagwan Shiva
- Lata Haya as Dharti Maa (Narrator)
- Sandeep Mohan as Devraj Indra
- Neelam Sagar as Shachi
- Vikrant Chaturvedi as Devrishi Narada
- Nimai Bali as Jaya / Hiranyakashipu / Ravana
- Mahendra Ghule as Vijaya / Hiranyaksha / Kumbhakarna
- Sameer Dharmadhikari as Manu
- Geeta Gore as Shatarupa
- Jibraan Khan as Dhruv
- Daman Maan as Uttanpada
- Jaya Mathur as Suniti
- Deepshikha Nagpal as Suruchi
- Surendra Pal as Shukracharya
- Shameem as Jayanti
- Pradeep Sharma as Kashyapa
- Virendra Razdan as Bhrigu
- Deepak Jethi as Kaalketu
- Sanjeev Siddharth as Arshal
- Varsha Usgaonkar as Mohini
- Kinshuk Vaidya as Child Prahlad
- Mona Parekh as Kayadhu
- Yashodhan Rana as
- Prahlad
- Meghnad
- Sunila Karambelkar / Unknown as Dhriti
- Jiten Lalwani as Virochana
- Ravi Kishan as Sudhanva
- Seema Pandey as Vishalakshi
- Siraj Mustafa Khan as Mahabali
- Arjun as Jamadagni
- Shalini Kapoor Sagar as Renuka
- Deep Dhillon as Kartavirya Arjuna (Sahasrarjuna)
- Adarsh Gautam / Pradeep Sharma as Janak Seerdhwaj
- Gargi Patel as Sunayana
- Reena Kapoor as Sita
- Vindu Dara Singh as Hanuman
- Amit Pachori as Lakshman
- Vineeta Thakur as Urmila
- Ayush Pandey as Bharat
- Aditya Vaidya as Shatrughna
- Rishabh Shukla as Dasharatha
- Alka Kubal as Kaushalya
- Dolly Minhas as Kaikeyi
- Kamalika Guha Thakurta as Sumitra
- Tina Ghai as Manthara
- Shashi Sharma as Mandodari
- Vinod Kapoor as Vibhishana
- Ramna Wadhwan / Rajeeta Kochhar as Kaikesi
- Premchand Sharma as Vishalaksh
- Ambika Jk as Gopika
- Vishnu Sharma as Vashistha
- Bijay Anand as Young Meghnad
- Vilas Raj as Maricha
- Sagar Salunkhe / Javed Khan as Vishwamitra
- Pradeep Saxena as Viprachitti
| 337 |
Vishnu Puran (TV series)
| 8 |
10,149,192 |
# Vishnu Puran (TV series)
## Reception
Even though *Vishnu Puran* did not prove to be as successful as *Mahabharat* but it did become popular. Within a year, the series finished with the Vamana Avatara and The Hindu review said, \"This lovely serial really overwhelmed us.\" By March 2001, it was consistently in Zee\'s top 10 ratings. By January 2003, it had completed 78 episodes with 100 more planned and was in the top 20 list. And for the week of 13--19 July 2003, it was in the top 5 for all homes, airing on Doordarshan National (DD1)
| 98 |
Vishnu Puran (TV series)
| 9 |
10,149,207 |
# Glebe House (Poughkeepsie, New York)
The **Glebe House** is an 18th-century Georgian brick building in Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, New York, USA. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places as a historic place of local significance since 1982.
The name \"Glebe House\" refers to the glebe, an area of land the proceeds of which supported the parish and its minister. The land associated with Glebe House was about 1 square kilometre (250 acres) in size.
The Glebe House itself was constructed in 1767 as a Georgian red brick building on a rubble stone foundation. It was to serve rectory for the Reverend John Beardsley, who ministered at Christ Church, Poughkeepsie and Trinity Church in Fishkill and his family in 1767. Since Beardsley was a Loyalist, he and his entire household were forced to flee to New York City in December 1777 to seek the protection of the British during the American Revolutionary War.
After 1777, the house and the land passed through many hands. During this time, it housed a public beer garden and later a florist business. In the early 19th century, an addition to the building was made by Peter De Reimer.
In 1929, the house and the remainder of the glebe land (now less than 1 acre) were purchased by members of the Dutchess County Historical Society and the Junior League to protect it from demolition. The house was given to the City of Poughkeepsie to be operated jointly by the Dutchess County Historical Society and the Junior League.
The Dutchess County Historical Society was involved with the house from 1929 to 2016. Now home to [Fall Kill Creative Works](https://www.fallkillcreativeworks.org/)
| 276 |
Glebe House (Poughkeepsie, New York)
| 0 |
10,149,220 |
# Terri Rogers
**Terri Rogers** (4 May 1937 -- 30 May 1999) was a transgender English ventriloquist and magician.
Rogers was born in Ipswich and was a somewhat isolated youth but determined to build a career in variety. Rogers developed a technically highly proficient ventriloquism act with her ventriloquist figure **Shorty Harris**, first appearing as a supporting act in music hall in the 1950s. She underwent gender reassignment surgery on the National Health Service in the early 1960s. This brought her some short-lived notoriety but did not hamper her career. Rogers won acclaim for her appearance in the 1968 review *Boys Will be Girls* at the Theatre Royal Stratford East and went on to become a highly regarded performer on the UK cabaret circuit. She was the only variety act ever to appear at Ronnie Scott\'s Jazz Club. From 1974 onwards she was a regular guest on TV on *The Wheeltappers and Shunters Social Club*. She also appeared on BBC TV\'s long running Music Hall variety show, *The Good Old Days*. Her cabaret career eventually extended internationally including appearances at Las Vegas and The Magic Castle in Hollywood, and on United States TV.
Her work as a magician was always something of a sideline but she was an ingenious developer of magic tricks including illusions for David Copperfield and Paul Daniels. She was an expert on \"topology\", the art of creating illusions with shapes, and wrote three standard texts on the subject. She was particularly known for illusions with Borromean Rings.
Rogers died in London after a series of strokes.
## Publications
Rogers published a number of magic effects and books, predominantly through specialist magic publisher Martin Breese. These include:
- *The Little Book of Ventriloquism*(c.1948)
- *Terri Rogers\' Star Gate*(1985)
- *Boromian Link*(1986)
- *Wipe Out*(1986)
- *Word of Mind*(1986)
- *Secrets (1986)*
- *More Secrets (1988)*
- *Top Secrets*(1998)
In addition to these books, Rogers sold several manufactured tricks, including The Key and BlockBuster
| 326 |
Terri Rogers
| 0 |
10,149,232 |
# Sarsılmaz Kılınç 2000
The **Sarsılmaz Kılınç 2000** is a semi-automatic pistol chambered for the 9×19mm Parabellum round. It is manufactured at the Sarsılmaz Silah Sanayi factory in Turkey. It was previously sold in the U.S. by the ArmaLite corporation under the ArmaLite name as the **AR-24**.
It is now self-imported by SAR USA as the SAR2000 with an updated thick rubber tactical grip and black phosphate finish.
## Design
The weapon is similar to the Tanfoglio variant of the Czech CZ-75, with design elements borrowed from the SIG P210, though few of its parts are interchangeable with the Tanfoglio weapon from whose machining dies and blue prints it was derived. It has a hot forged steel frame mated to a heavy milled slide treated with manganese phosphate, and coated in heat-cured epoxy.
## Variants
The AR-24/15 *Standard* model has a parkerized finish and fixed dovetailed rear sights and a proprietary front sight with three white paint dots.
The AR-24/15C *Tactical Custom* Model has checkering machined on the front and back grip straps and its rear notch sight is adjustable for windage.
The AR-24K/13 *Compact* and AR-24K/13C *Compact Tactical Custom* are like the full-sized variants, differing only in their shorter barrels, grips, and amount of ammunition carried
| 207 |
Sarsılmaz Kılınç 2000
| 0 |
10,149,264 |
# Tendai Biti
**Tendai Laxton Biti** (born 6 August 1966) is a Zimbabwean politician who served as Finance Minister of Zimbabwe from 2009 to 2013. He is the second Vice President of Citizens Coalition for Change. He was the Secretary-General of the Movement for Democratic Change and the subsequent Movement for Democratic Change -- Tsvangirai (MDC-T) political parties and a Member of Parliament for Harare East until he was expelled from the party and recalled from parliament in mid-2014,before winning the seat again in 2018.
## Early life {#early_life}
Biti was born in Dzivarasekwa, Harare, and he is the eldest in a family of 6 children. From 1980 to 1985 he attended Goromonzi High School, where he was appointed deputy head boy in 1985. He enrolled in the University of Zimbabwe law school as a freshman in 1986. In 1988 and 1989, Biti was Secretary General of the University of Zimbabwe Student Representative Council, with Terry Mhungu as SRC President, which led student protests against government censorship in academia. After school, he joined the Law firm Honey and Blackenberg, where he became the youngest partner by the age of 26. Biti lost his father in his early 30s.
## Political career {#political_career}
In 1999 he helped found the MDC. He was elected Member of Parliament for the Harare East constituency in 2000. During the Fifth Parliament he served as a member of the Parliament Portfolio Committee on Lands, Agriculture, Water Development, Rural Resources and Resettlement and that on Defence and Home Affairs. In March 2005 he retained the constituency. He serves in the Portfolio Committee on Budget, Finance and Economic Development and is currently the MDC\'s Secretary General. In his legal career Biti has handled labour and human rights litigation representing large trade unions such as the Post and Telecommunications Trade Union.
He was arrested in 2007 with many others, including MDC leader Morgan Tsvangirai, after a prayer rally in the Harare township of Highfield.
On 16 June 2007, Biti and Welshman Ncube met with Justice Minister Patrick Chinamasa and Labor Minister Nicholas Goche, in Pretoria, South Africa. South African President Thabo Mbeki, appointed by the Southern African Development Community, presided over the negotiations which sought to end sanctions on Zimbabwe top ZANU-PF leaders or top government officials.
### 2008 elections
Biti was re-elected to the House of Assembly from Harare East in the March 2008 parliamentary election. According to official results, he received 8,377 votes against 2,587 for the ZANU-PF candidate. In the period following the election, he stayed outside of Zimbabwe (mainly in South Africa), along with Tsvangirai, amidst a post-electoral situation that was marked by serious violence against MDC supporters.
| 443 |
Tendai Biti
| 0 |
10,149,264 |
# Tendai Biti
## Political career {#political_career}
### Arrest
Biti returned to Zimbabwe on 12 June 2008 and was immediately arrested at the airport in Harare. Before his departure from Johannesburg, Biti said that he had already learned that he would be arrested, but maintained that his only crime was \"fighting for democracy\" and said that it was necessary for him to return to participate in the MDC\'s struggle. Following Biti\'s arrest, police spokesman Wayne Bvudzijena said that he would be charged with treason, based on an MDC document about changing the government. This document, which was called \"The Transition Strategy\" and was said to have been written by Biti on 25 March, included purported plans to rig the election in favour of the MDC. Bvudzijena said that Biti would additionally be charged with making false statements \"prejudicial to the state\" due to his announcement of election results prior to their release by the Electoral Commission. United States Ambassador James McGee expressed deep concern on behalf of the US government, saying that the document in question was an unobjectionable statement of the MDC\'s plans and goals; according to McGee, another, more extreme version of the document existed, but it was forged. Biti\'s lawyer also claimed that the material in question was forged.
On 13 June, Biti\'s lawyers said that they had not been allowed to meet with him, and they filed an urgent application with the High Court on the same day. The MDC said that it was \"deeply worried\" about Biti\'s welfare and that it had sent a team to police stations across Harare, hoping to determine where he was being held. He appeared in court on 14 June.
Biti\'s home was searched by the police on 16 June, although the police did not take anything out of the home. His lawyer, Lewis Uriri, said that Biti had been interrogated for a full 24 hours after his arrest; Uriri also said that he would seek an order from the High Court to release Biti on the grounds that he had been held without charge for more than the allowed 48-hour period.
Biti again appeared in court on 18 June; however, this hearing was postponed to the next day because the power failed, meaning that the hearing could not be recorded. He was charged on 19 June. He faced four charges: \"treason, communicating falsehoods prejudicial to the State, insulting President Mugabe and causing disaffection among the defence forces\". . Prosecutors argued against granting bail to Biti, noting that the charges against him were so serious that he could be executed. The defence submitted an application to have the charges thrown out, but on 20 June magistrate Mishrod Guvamombe dismissed this application, saying that he believed there was \"reasonable suspicion that the accused committed the said offence\". Biti\'s next court appearance was set for 7 July, and Guvamombe ordered that he remain in custody until then.
On 26 June, Biti was granted bail at one trillion Zimbabwean dollars; he was also required to surrender his home\'s title deeds and to report to the police on a weekly basis. Biti\'s lawyers later filed a petition asking for the return of his passport so that he could attend talks between the parties in South Africa, and as a result his passport was returned to him on 9 July, enabling him to go. He led the MDC-Tsvangirai delegation to the talks, which began in Pretoria on 10 July, although according to Tsvangirai the purpose of this was only to set the MDC-Tsvangirai\'s conditions for participating in the talks, not to actually participate in them.
Uriri applied for the removal of Biti\'s remand on the grounds that a trial date should have been set and the police investigation should have been completed. On 27 August 2008, Chioniso Mutongi, a magistrate in Harare, rejected this request, saying that Biti had not been on remand long enough for its removal to be appropriate.
In 2018 following Zimbabwe\'s disputed elections, he was arrested and denied asylum in Zambia.
### Appointment to Government of National Unity {#appointment_to_government_of_national_unity}
On 10 February 2009, MDC leader and Prime Minister-designate Morgan Tsvangirai announced the appointment of Biti as Finance Minister in the Government of National Unity. Though he has no known history in financial and economic matters, analysts suggest that Tsvangirai really had no other option considering Biti\'s position in the MDC. In addition, he is known to drive a hard bargain and could be the best person to deal with the Zanu-PF controlled public service. He was sworn in alongside other Ministers on 13 February 2009 in Harare.
### Return to legal career {#return_to_legal_career}
On 20 November 2013, Biti announced he would be opening a new law firm. The firm was to specialize in international finance law as well as domestic constitutional issues.
| 801 |
Tendai Biti
| 1 |
10,149,264 |
# Tendai Biti
## Political career {#political_career}
### Return to politics {#return_to_politics}
Biti fell out with Tsvangirai in 2014, resulting in Tsvangirai announcing Biti\'s expulsion in April 2014. In 2015 Biti joined other disaffected MDC-T members in a breakaway group, MDC-Renewal, becoming its secretary-general. In September 2015, MDC-Renewal launched as a separate party, the People\'s Democratic Party, and Biti was elected president of the new party.
In 2020, Biti criticized a three-member delegation from South Africa that was sent to investigate human rights abuses, when they returned to their country without speaking to opposition groups.
In February 2019 he was convicted of contravening the Electoral Act for illegally announcing purported results for the 2018 presidential election in Zimbabwe. He was fined \$200.
In February 2022, Biti was detained by police for several hours while campaigning for the by-elections in Harare, a spokeswoman for his party said
| 146 |
Tendai Biti
| 2 |
10,149,266 |
# Jean Nidetch
**Jean Evelyn Nidetch** (October 12, 1923 -- April 29, 2015) was an American businessperson and the founder of Weight Watchers.
She died on April 29, 2015, of natural causes at her home in Parkland, Florida, at the age of 91
| 43 |
Jean Nidetch
| 0 |
10,149,314 |
# WRXK-FM
**WRXK-FM** (96.1 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Bonita Springs, Florida, and broadcasting to the Fort Myers-Naples-Marco Island area of Southwest Florida. It airs a mainstream rock format branded as \"96 K-Rock\". It carries Miami Dolphins football games during the NFL season. The studios are on South Tamiami Trail in Estero.
WRXK-FM is a Class C FM station. It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most stations. The transmitter tower is off Carter Road in Corkscrew, Florida. WRXK-FM broadcasts using HD Radio technology. Its digital subchannel airs sports radio programming from sister station WBCN 770 AM.
## History
The station signed on the air on `{{Start date and age|September 1, 1974}}`{=mediawiki}. Its original call sign was WLEQ with the branding \"96 Super Q\". It carried a Top 40 format. It originally broadcast on 95.9 MHz and was only powered at 3,000 watts, a fraction of its current output. In 1980, the station was re-branded as \"Q-96\", and affiliated with the Satellite Music Network.
In 1986, the station switched frequencies from 95.9 to 96.1 coupled with a power increase to 100,000 watts. This allowed it to cover much of Southwest Florida. It switched to a mainstream rock format. It changed its call sign to WRXK and was rebranded as \"96 K-Rock\".
On February 13, 2012, WRXK-FM changed its format to hot talk, branded as \"96 K-Rock, Talk That Rocks\". But it returned to rock on June 17, 2013, in preparation for sister station 99X\'s flip to ESPN programming on June 20.
In the 2010s, WRXK-FM carried the syndicated *Bubba the Love Sponge* show in morning drive time. On July 9, 2018, the Beasley Broadcast Group parted ways with Bubba. WRXK-FM began airing *Dave and Chuck the Freak*. That show is based at co-owned WRIF in Detroit and is syndicated to Boston, Tampa and other markets
| 314 |
WRXK-FM
| 0 |
10,149,339 |
# Bow Down to the Exit Sign
***Bow Down to the Exit Sign*** is the third studio album by David Holmes, released in 2000. It features contributions from Bobby Gillespie, Sean Gullette, Jon Spencer, Martina Topley-Bird and Carl Hancock Rux. The song \"69 Police\" features during the closing scene of the 2001 remake of *Ocean\'s Eleven*, and was included in the soundtrack.
## Reception
*Bow Down to the Exit Sign* received positive reviews from the majority of critics. AllMusic\'s John Bush saw it as a \"vast improvement\" over Holmes\' previous studio record, *Let\'s Get Killed*, concluding, \"while his previous work came off as soundtrack material in desperate search of a film to accompany it, *Bow Down to the Exit Sign* is very much a fully formed record
| 127 |
Bow Down to the Exit Sign
| 0 |
10,149,358 |
# Aeromarine 700
The **Aeromarine 700** was an early US Navy seaplane developed in 1917 to investigate the feasibility of using aircraft to launch torpedoes. The aircraft itself was a large biplane of conventional three-bay configuration equipped with two pontoons, powered by a 100 hp Aeromarine K-6. Only six examples were built (AS142-AS144, all of which were damaged early on, with parts of AS143 being used to repair AS440 of the 2nd batch , AS439-AS441
| 75 |
Aeromarine 700
| 0 |
10,149,399 |
# Lodalskåpa
**Lodalskåpa** is the highest nunatak on the Norwegian glacier Jostedalsbreen. It is located on the border between the municipalities of Stryn and Luster in Vestland county, Norway, within Jostedalsbreen National Park.
The 2083 m tall Lodalskåpa is located 3 km north of Brenibba and 15 km northeast of Høgste Breakulen mountain. The lakes Austdalsvatnet and Styggevatnet lie about 10 km to the east.
The first ascent may have happened in 1820 by Gottfried Bohr. The easiest route to climb Lodalskåpa starts in the village of Bødalen in Stryn, then going up Brattebakken mountain to the Bohr glacier (*Bohrsbreen*). Around the southern summit to the col, then scrambling to the main summit, approximately one rope length.
## Name
The first element is the genitive case of the name of the valley Lodalen, the last element is the finite form of *kåpe* which means \"coat\" (here used metaphorically about the glacier surrounding the top--see also Snøhetta). The name of the valley is a compound of *lo* which means \"meadow\" and the finite form of *dal* which means \"dale\" or \"valley\".
## Media gallery {#media_gallery}
Bilde-Lodalskåpa_1.jpg\|Summit seen from Bohr glacier Lodalskåpa_brenibba.jpg\|Lodalskåpa (in the left) seen from Myklebustbreen in the west. Lodalskopa1
| 200 |
Lodalskåpa
| 0 |
10,149,421 |
# Touch user interface
A **touch user interface** (**TUI**) is a computer-pointing technology based upon the sense of touch (haptics). Whereas a graphical user interface (GUI) relies upon the sense of sight, a TUI enables not only the sense of touch to innervate and activate computer-based functions, it also allows the user, particularly those with visual impairments, an added level of interaction based upon tactile or Braille input.
## Technology
Generally, the TUI requires pressure or presence with a switch located outside of the printed paper. Not to be confused with electronic paper endeavors, the TUI requires the printed pages to act as a template or overlay to a switch array. By interacting with the switch through touch or presence, an action is innervated. The switching sensor cross-references with a database. The database retains the correct pathway to retrieve the associated digital content or launch the appropriate application.
TUI icons may be used to indicate to the reader of the printed page what action will occur upon interacting with a particular position on the printed page.
Turning pages and interacting with new pages that may have the same touch points as previous or subsequent pages, a z-axis may be used to indicate the plane of activity. Z-axis can be offset around the boundary of the page. When the unique z-axis is interacted with, x,y-axis can have identical touch points as other pages. For example, 1,1,1 indicates a z-axis of 1 (page 1) and the x,y-axis is 1,1. However, turning the page and pressing a new z-axis, say page 2, and then the same x,y-axis content position as page 1, gains the following coordinate structure: 2,1,1.
An integrated circuit (IC) is located either within the printed material or within an enclosure that cradles the printed material. This IC receives a signal when a switch is innervated. The firmware located within the IC communicates via Universal Serial Bus (USBC) either connected to a cable, or using a wireless protocol adapter to a reference database that can reside on media within a computer or appliance. Upon receipt of the coordinate structure from the firmware, the database correlates the position with a pre-determined link or pathway to digital content or execution command for an application. After correlating the link with the pathway, a signal is sent to retrieve and render the terminal of the path.
## Educational mandate {#educational_mandate}
In the United States, legislation took effect in December 2006, that requires educational publishers in the K-12 education industry to provide a National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard (NIMAS). In essence, educational publishers must provide an inclusive experience to those students who are blind. If they are unable to provide this experience, they are required to provide the digital content source files to a clearing house that will convert the materials into an accessible experience for the student. The TUI has the promise of enabling the publishers to maintain control of their content while providing an inclusive, tactile, or Braille experience to students who are visually impaired. Further, using a Braille approach may serve to help enhance Braille literacy while meeting the mandates of NIMAS
| 519 |
Touch user interface
| 0 |
10,149,495 |
# Anna Maria Strada
**Anna Maria Strada**, also known as **Anna Maria Strada del Pò**, (\* 1703 in Bergamo; † July 20, 1775 in Naples) was an Italian soprano. She is best remembered for her association with the composer George Frideric Handel, in whose operas Strada sang.
## Career
After an initial career in Italy that included performances at Venice --- in Vivaldi\'s opera *La verità in cimento* (1720) --- Milan, and Livorno, Strada moved to London in 1729 to sing for Handel after the composer engaged her for his operas. She made her début as Adelaida in *Lotario* and was *prima donna* in all his operas and oratorios until 1737. She sang in a minimum of 24 of Handel\'s operas and the opera-ballet *Terpsicore*, a new prologue to a revision of *Il pastor fido*. Her roles included Angelica in *Orlando*, the title role in *Partenope*, Elmira in *Sosarme*, Thusnelda in *Arminio*, and Ariadne in *Giustino*, and the title role of Atalanta.
Strada was the only singer of Handel\'s company who did not defect to the rival Opera of the Nobility in 1733, and in 1732 had turned down the opportunity to sing for Giovanni Bononcini. She left London, however, in 1738 and returned to Italy, where she sang at Naples and Turin before her retirement to Bergamo.
## Contemporary evaluations {#contemporary_evaluations}
18th-century music historian Charles Burney described Strada thus:`{{cquote|A singer formed by himself [Handel], and modelled on his own melodies. She came hither a coarse and awkward singer with improvable talents, and he at last polished her into reputation and favour … Strada’s personal charms did not assist her much in conciliating parties, or disposing the eye to augment the pleasures of the ear; for she had so little of a Venus in her appearance, that she was usually called the Pig. However, by degrees she subdued all their prejudices, and sung herself into favour.<ref name="Grove"/>}}`{=mediawiki}
Further evidence of Strada\'s unusual ugliness is provided by Mrs Pendarves --- formerly known as Mary Granville and later Mrs Delany --- a close friend of Handel.`{{cquote|La Strada is the first woman; her voice is without exception fine, her manner perfection, but her person ''very bad'', and she makes ''frightful mouths''.<ref>Hogwood p.92</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
Poet and librettist Paolo Rolli described her as \"a copy of Faustina with a better voice and better intonation, but without her charm and brio\". Her Handel parts reveal her vocal range to have been two octaves during the first part of her career, and the dramatic range required by these roles is varied. While in Naples during the first part of her career, Strada married theatre manager and librettist Aurelio del Pò, reputedly because he owed her a large sum of money and married her as a substitute for payment
| 460 |
Anna Maria Strada
| 0 |
10,149,528 |
# Mardyan District
**Mardyan** (*مردیان*) is a district situated in the central eastern part of the Jowzjan Province, Afghanistan. It borders Mingajik District to the west, Qarqin District to north, Balkh Province and Fayzabad District to the east and Aqcha District to the south. In 2006, the population was 34,200. The district center is the village of Mardyan, located in the central part of the district.
## District Map {#district_map}
- [AIMS District Map](https://web.archive.org/web/20060315193144/http://www.aims.org.af/maps/district/jawzjan/mardyan
| 74 |
Mardyan District
| 0 |
10,149,586 |
# Baháʼí Naw-Rúz
**Naw-Rúz** (*Nowruz*) is the first day of the Baháʼí calendar year, and one of eleven holy days for adherents of the Baháʼí Faith. It occurs on the northern vernal equinox, on or near March 21, which is also the traditional Persian New Year.
The traditional Nowruz holiday, from which the Baha\'i holiday derives, has been celebrated since ancient times in Iran, and is observed by culturally-adjacent peoples in Azerbaijan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iraq, Armenia, Georgia, Russia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, and Tajikistan. The Báb, the founder of Bábism, and then Baháʼu\'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, adopted the day as a holy day and associated it with the *Most Great Name* of God. The Baha\'i holiday as now calculated does not always fall on the same day as the traditional festival (but may differ by one day), and does not incorporate a number of Persian cultural practices associated with the traditional holiday, but is a religious event featuring readings from Baha\'i scriptures.
For 2025, Naw-Rúz begins at sunset on Wednesday, March 19 and ends at sunset on Thursday, March 20.
## Significance
The Báb, the founder of Bábi religion, instituted the Badíʻ calendar composed of 19 months, each of 19 days. The first month, and the first day of each month, are all named Bahá, an Arabic word meaning *splendour* or *glory*. Thus Naw-Rúz, the first day of the year, is the day of Bahá in the month of Bahá. The day was called *the Day of God* by the Báb, and was associated with He whom God shall make manifest, a messianic figure in the Báb\'s writings.
Baháʼu\'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith who is recognized as the messianic figure expected by the Báb, adopted the new calendar and the use of Naw-Rúz as a holy day. The day follows the Baháʼí month of fasting, and he explained that Naw-Rúz was associated with the *Most Great Name* of God, and was instituted as a festival for those who observed the fast.
The symbolic notion of the renewal of time in each religious dispensation was made explicit by the writings of the Báb and Baháʼu\'lláh and the calendar and the new year made this spiritual metaphor more concrete. ʻAbdu\'l-Bahá, Baháʼu\'lláh\'s son and successor, explained that significance of Naw-Rúz in terms of spring and the new life it brings. He explained that the equinox is a symbol of the Manifestations of God, who include Jesus, Muhammad, the Báb and Baháʼu\'lláh among others, and the message that they proclaim is like a spiritual springtime, and that Naw-Rúz is used to commemorate it.
## Date
Baháʼu\'lláh, in the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, defines Naw-Rúz as the day on which the vernal equinox occurs. The exact timing of Naw-Rúz for Baháʼís worldwide depends on the choice of a particular spot on the Earth and was left to the Universal House of Justice, the governing body of the Baháʼís, to decide. In 2014, the Universal House of Justice chose Tehran as the particular spot. Since Baháʼí days start at sundown, if the equinox occurs just before sunset, the day which started on the previous sunset is Naw-Rúz. Thus Naw-Rúz could fall between March 19th and March 21st of the Gregorian calendar. These dates are pre-calculated years in advance. All dates in the Baháʼí calendar are set in relation to Naw-Rúz and thus may shift on the Gregorian calendar by a day or two depending on the timing of the vernal equinox.
## Celebration
Naw-Rúz is one of nine Baháʼí holy days where work and school must be suspended; the only one that is not associated with an event in the lives of either the Báb or Baháʼu\'lláh. It is usually a festive event observed with meetings for prayer and music and dancing. Since the new year also ends the Baháʼí month of fasting the celebration is often combined with a dinner. As with all Baháʼí holy days, there are few fixed rules for observing Naw-Rúz, and Baháʼís all over the world celebrate it as a festive day, according to local custom. Persian Baháʼís may observe some of the Iranian customs associated with Nowruz such as the Haft Sîn, while American Baháʼí communities, for example, may have a potluck dinner, along with prayers and readings from Baháʼí scripture
| 713 |
Baháʼí Naw-Rúz
| 0 |
10,149,622 |
# Bro Gwened
**Gwened**, **Bro-Gwened** (*Bro-Wened*) or **Vannetais** (*Pays Vannetais*) is a historic realm and county of Brittany in France. It is considered part of Lower Brittany.
Bro-Gwened was an early medieval principality or kingdom around Vannes in Armorica (Brittany), lasting from around AD 490 to around 635. It was peopled by Christianized Britons fleeing the Saxon invasions of Britain, who displaced or assimilated the remaining pagan Veneti Gauls. Its bishop and (usually) court was at Gwened, the site of the former Roman settlement of Darioritum and the present French city of Vannes.
The territories are included within the modern French department of Morbihan.
## Name
The Breton placename-element **plou\]\]** (*plebs*) initially meant a tribe, but came to signify its territory as well. The standard Breton form of the name mutates Gwened, the Breton name for Vannes, while the local dialect leaves it unchanged as \"Bro-Gwened\". The modern French name derives from adjectival form of Vannes. Both **Gwened**`{{refn|Via the Old Breton forms ''{{lang|br|Giünet}}'' and ''{{lang|br|Günett}}'' to later ''{{lang|br|Guened}}'' and finally ''{{lang|br|Gwened}}''.<ref>''The Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies'', Vol. XV–XVII, p. 181. University of Wales Press (Cardiff), 1952.</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} and **Vannes** reflect separate developments of the Latin **Veneti\]\]**, the Romans\' name for the Gaulish tribe in the area. (It is unrelated to the Welsh realm and county of Gwynedd, which developed from Latin **Venedotia**.)
The historic realm was also known as **Bro Erec** (*Bro-Ereg*, \"land of Gwereg\") or **Bro Waroch** (from the gallicisation of the same name) or by numerous variant spellings,`{{refn|Including Bro-Uueroc.<ref>"JTK". [https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA450 "Civitas" in ''Celtic Culture'', Vol. I, pp. 450–451].</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} although it is unclear whether the namesake Gwereg was Waroch I or II.
## History
The land was allegedly founded by Caradog Strongarm. In the early 6th century, Macliau served as one of the earliest bishops of Vannes prior to usurping his nephew\'s inheritance in neighboring Cornouaille. He may have also been king of Broerec or simply the refugee guest of Conmor. Major settlements at this time included Gwened (Vannes) and Lokmaria (Locmaria). In the mid-7th century, Bro Gwened was united with Domnonia under its king Saint Judicaël, who was descended from a daughter of Budic II. Domnonia\'s rulers thenceforth reigned as the high kings of Brittany, with Bro Gwened forming part of their lands.
## Dialect
The dialect of Gwened\'s present inhabitants is known in Breton as **Gwenedeg** and in French as **Vannetais**. It is distinct from that of the other regions of Brittany to the point of near unintelligibility. A primary distinction is that the Gwened dialect has paralleled Gaelic in developing earlier `{{IPA|θ}}`{=mediawiki} into `{{IPA|h}}`{=mediawiki} rather than `{{IPA|z}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{IPA|ð}}`{=mediawiki}, meanwhile, has disappeared completely rather than merge with `{{IPA|z}}`{=mediawiki} as in Leon although there are certain parts of Gwened (e.g. the city Baud) where it is still used as an initial mutation of *d* and *t* and sometimes in the middle and end of a word as a retainment of Middle Breton `{{IPA|ð}}`{=mediawiki} or θ where the other dialects substituted *d* or *z* (e.g. in *hiddiù* \[hiːðiw\] (\"today\") which would be *hiziv* \[hiːziw\] or *hidiv* \[hiːdiv\] in the other dialects (cf. Welsh *heddiw* \[hɛðɪu̯\])). The dialect also has a tendency to close vowels, places stress on the final syllables of words (as in French and Middle Breton), rather than on the penultimate syllable (as in other Breton dialects and Welsh), and (like English) has completely lost its original 2nd person singular pronoun.
## Tartan
As a historic Breton county, *Bro-Wened* is registered as an official tartan with the British government
| 579 |
Bro Gwened
| 0 |
10,149,633 |
# Imaginary audience
The **imaginary audience** refers to a psychological state where an individual imagines and believes that multitudes of people are listening to or watching them. It is one of the mental constructs in David Elkind\'s idea of adolescent egocentrism (along with the personal fable). Though the term refers to an experience exhibited in young adolescence as part of development, people of any age may harbor a fantasy of an imaginary audience.
## Early history {#early_history}
David Elkind coined the term \"imaginary audience\" in 1967. The basic premise of the topic is that people who are experiencing it feel that their behavior or actions are the main focus of other people\'s attention. It is defined as how willing a child is to reveal alternative forms of themselves. The imaginary audience is a psychological concept common to the adolescent stage of human development. It refers to the belief that a person is under constant, close observation by peers, family, and strangers. This imaginary audience is proposed to account for a variety of adolescent behaviors and experiences, such as heightened self-consciousness, distortions of others\' views of the self, and a tendency toward conformity and faddisms. This act stems from the concept of ego-centrism in adolescents.
Elkind studied the effects of imaginary audience and measured it using the Imaginary Audience Scale (IAS). The results of his research showed that boys were more willing than girls to express different sides of themselves to an audience.`{{Why|date=August 2023}}`{=mediawiki} This apprehension from girls has given rise to further research on the value of privacy to girls. Imaginary audience influences behavior later in life in regards to risky behaviors and decision-making techniques. A possibility is that imaginary audience is correlated with a fear of evaluation or self-representation effects on self-esteem.
| 293 |
Imaginary audience
| 0 |
10,149,633 |
# Imaginary audience
## Description
The phenomenon stems from egocentrism and is closely related to another topic called \'personal fable\' (personal fable involves a sense of uniqueness). Imaginary audience effects are not a neurological disorder, but more a personality or developmental stage of life. It is not aroused by a life event; rather it is a part of the developmental process throughout adolescence. It is a natural part of the process of developing a healthy understanding of one\'s relationship with the world. Most people will eventually gain a more realistic perspective on the roles they play in their peer groups as they mature. This natural developmental process can lead to high paranoia about whether the adolescent is being watched, if they are doing a task right and if people are judging them. Imaginary audience will likely cease before adolescence ends, as it is a huge part of personality development. Imaginary audience can be as simple as having to change multiple times in the morning because the adolescent still feels unsatisfactory about arriving at a destination about their appearance even though they will appear the same as everyone else. The number of adolescents who experience an imaginary audience effect cannot be described with any sort of statistics because an imaginary audience is experienced in all adolescents.
Jean Piaget, a Swiss developmental psychologist known for his epistemological studies with children, states that every child experiences imaginary audience during the preoperational stage of development. He also said that children will outgrow this stage by age 7, but as we know now this stage lasts much longer than that. Imaginary audience happens because young children believe others see what they see, know what they know, hear what they hear, and feel what they feel. The extremes to which adolescents experience an imaginary audience, however, varies from child to child. Some children are considered to be more \"egocentric\" than others and experience more of an extreme imaginary audience or have more of an elaborate personal fable. Therefore, children then subconsciously put more value on the idea that everyone cares about what they are doing at all times. This is very common in adolescents during this level of development as the child is going through Erik Erikson\'s identity vs. identity confusion.
The child is struggling to figure out their identity and formulating congruent values, beliefs, morals, political views, and religious views. So, on top of experiencing an identity moratorium in which they are exploring different identities, children feel they are constantly being watched or evaluated by those around them. This leads to intense pressure being placed on the child and may also influence later self-esteem.
Gerald Adams and Randy Jones conducted a study to test imaginary audience behavior. They tested total of 115 male and female adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 using an empathy scale, social sensitivity scale, and a measure of social desirability. They stated Imaginary audience is seen most in teens going through puberty where their bodies are changing rapidly and they are concerned with how everyone is viewing their change. The relationship between age, imaginary audience behavior and self-reported concerns about body image during adolescence questions certain assumptions underlying the development of the Imaginary Audience Behavior scale
| 537 |
Imaginary audience
| 1 |
10,149,643 |
# Saifullah
**Saifullah** (*سيف الله*), meaning **sword of God**, is a male Islamic given name. Originally it was an honorific award for military prowess. In modern times it may be used as a surname.
## Saifullah
### Males
Title
- SayfAllāh al-Maslūl, name given to Khalid ibn al-Walid (died 642), one of the companions of Muhammad
- Emir Saifullah, nom de guerre of Muslim Atayev (1974--2004), Islamist leader against the Russians in the North Caucasus
- Emir Sayfullah, nom de guerre of Anzor Astemirov (1976--2010), Islamist leader against the Russians in the North Caucasus
- Saifullah, name used by Daniel Patrick Boyd (born 1970), American alleged terrorist
- Saifullah, nom de guerre of Gazi Haider (1994--2020), leader of the Hizbul Mujahideen in Kashmir
Given name
- Sejfulla Malëshova (1901--1971), Albanian politician and writer
- Seifollah Vahid Dastjerdi (1926-1999), Former Head of Iranian Red Crescent Society
- Seifollah Kambakhshfard (1929-2010), Iranian Archaeologist
- Saifullah Paracha (born 1947), Pakistani national held in Guantanamo
- Saif-ur-Rehman Mansoor (died ca. 2007), Taliban Commander
- Saifullah Cheema, Pakistani Politician
- Sayfullo Saipov, Suspected terrorist of Uzbek Origin
Middle name
- Anwar Saifullah Khan (born 1945), Pakistani politician
- Salim Saifullah Khan, Pakistani politician
- Qari Saifullah Akhtar (died 2017), Pakistani alleged terrorist
Surname
- Zafar Saifullah (c
| 212 |
Saifullah
| 0 |
10,149,715 |
# Singapore Open (badminton)
The **Singapore Open** is a badminton event held annually in Singapore since 1929. In 2023, the Badminton World Federation categorized the Singapore Open as one of the six BWF World Tour Super 750 events within its tournament structure.
In 1929, the Singapore Badminton Association (SBA) was formed to promote the sport and organize competitions. The first official annual open championships were held in the same year and the best players were selected to represent Singapore in regional tournaments. In 1957, it became an open invitation championship and was held annually until 1973. In 1987--1989, the tournament was known as the Konica Cup, an invitation-only championship for Asian players, and in 1990, it joined the International Badminton Federation Grand Prix circuit for the first time. In 2007, the Singapore Open became part of the BWF Super Series. In 2018, it was designated as one of the seven BWF World Tour Super 500 events.
## Championship venues {#championship_venues}
The tournament has historically been held at six main venues and is now held at the Singapore Indoor Stadium in Kallang, Singapore.
Years active Venue Location
--------------- ------------------------------------------------ -----------
1929 Old Chinese Chin Woo Athletic Association Hall City Hall
Singapore Chinese Girls\' School Hall Somerset
1930--1934 Singapore Volunteer Corps Drill Hall City Hall
1934--1951 Clerical Union Hall Balestier
1952--1989 Singapore Badminton Hall Geylang
1990--present Singapore Indoor Stadium Kallang
## Past winners {#past_winners}
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Year | Men\'s singles | Women\'s singles | Men\'s doubles | Women\'s doubles | Mixed doubles |
+=========+===========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+====================+================================================================+==================================================================+==================================================================+
| 1929 | E. J. Vass | *No competition* | | | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1930 | | *No competition* | Lim Chek Heng\ | *No competition* | |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Seah Eng Liat | | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1931 | | Alice Pennefather | Lim Boon Guan\ | Maude Lewis\ | E. J. Vass\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Wee Eng Siang | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Alice Pennefather | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} J. de Souza |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1932 | | | Koh Keng Siang\ | *No competition* | |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} See Gim Hock | | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1933 | Koh Keng Siang | Ong Siew Eng | Charlie Chua\ | Chow Han Hua\ | E. J. Vass\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Yeo Kian Ann | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Sheh Sai Ming | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} J. de Souza |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1934 | E. J. Vass | Alice Pennefather | Chan Chim Bock\ | *No competition* | |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Seah Eng Hee | | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1935 | Leow Kim Fatt | *No competition* | Leow Kim Fatt\ | | Seah Eng Hee\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Lim Boon Guan | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Aileen Wong |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1936 | Tan Chong Tee | Ong Siew Eng | Seah Eng Hee\ | | Leow Kim Fatt\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Tan Chong Tee | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Tan Kim Lui |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1937 | | Alice Pennefather | | | *No competition* |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1938 | Wong Peng Soon | Waileen Wong | Chan Chim Bock\ | | |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Wong Peng Soon | | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1939 | | | Wee Boon Hai\ | | Wong Peng Soon\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Wong Chong Teck | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Waileen Wong |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1940 | Tan Chong Tee | Y. Yasuda | Chia Chin Soon\ | | Tan Chong Tee\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Ahmad Mattar | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Lee Shao Meng |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1941 | Wong Peng Soon | Ong Siew Eng | Wee Boon Hai\ | Chan Keng Boon\ | S. A. Durai\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Wong Chong Teck | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Ong Siew Eng | `{{flagicon|Straits Settlements}}`{=mediawiki} Yoong Sook Lian |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1942--\ | *No competition* | | | | |
| 1946 | | | | | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1947 | Wong Peng Soon | Chung Kon Yoong | Wong Chong Teck\ | Ng Sai Noi\ | Quek Keng Chuan\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Wong Peng Soon | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Ong Siew Eng | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Alice Pennefather |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1948 | | Ong Siew Eng | Teoh Peng Hooi\ | Helen Heng\ | Wong Peng Soon\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Wong Peng Soon | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Ong Siew Eng | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Waileen Wong |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1949 | | Helen Heng | | Helen Heng\ | |
| | | | | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Mary Sim | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1950 | Cheong Hock Leng | | Ismail Marjan\ | | Ong Poh Lim\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Ong Poh Lim | | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Alice Pennefather |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1951 | Wong Peng Soon | | | | Ong Poh Lim\ |
| | | | | | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Mary Sim |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1952 | Ong Poh Lim | | | | Ong Poh Lim\ |
| | | | | | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Ong Siew Yong |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1953 | | | | Helen Heng\ | |
| | | | | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Baby Low | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1954 | | | | | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1955 | | | | | Teoh Peng Hooi\ |
| | | | | | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Lau Hui Huang |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1956 | Omar Ibrahim | Nancy Lim | | Lau Hui Huang\ | Ong Poh Lim\ |
| | | | | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Nancy Lim | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Mary Quintal |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1957 | Seah Lye Huat | | Johnny Heah\ | | Lim Say Hup\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Malaya}}`{=mediawiki} Lim Say Hup | | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Jessie Ong |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1958 | Omar Ibrahim | | | | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1959 | | Long Soo Chin | Ong Poh Lim\ | Nancy Ang\ | |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Malaya}}`{=mediawiki} Omar Yahya | `{{flagicon|Colony of Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} Jessie Ong | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1960 | Billy Ng | Tan Gaik Bee | Bobby Chee\ | Cecilia Samuel\ | Ong Poh Lim\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Khoo Eng Huah | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Tan Gaik Bee | `{{flagicon|SGP}}`{=mediawiki} Jessie Ong |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1961 | Lee Kin Tat | Helen Ong | Robert Lim\ | Nancy Ang\ | |
| | | | `{{flagicon|SGP}}`{=mediawiki} Lim Wei Lon | `{{flagicon|SGP}}`{=mediawiki} Jessie Ong | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1962 | Wee Choon Seng | Prathin Pattabongs | Ong Poh Lim\ | Vivien Gwee\ | *No competition* |
| | | | `{{flagicon|SGP}}`{=mediawiki} Wee Choon Seng | `{{flagicon|SGP}}`{=mediawiki} Helen Ong | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1963 | Teh Kew San | Sylvia Tan | Ng Boon Bee\ | Sylvia Tan\ | Ong Poh Lim\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Tan Yee Khan | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Tan Yee Chin | `{{flagicon|SGP}}`{=mediawiki} Lim Choo Eng |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1964 | Billy Ng | | | Lai Siew York\ | Tan Boon Liat\ |
| | | | | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Sylvia Tan | `{{flagicon|SGP}}`{=mediawiki} Lim Choo Eng |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1965 | Omar Manap | Lai Siew York | | Lim Choo Eng\ | Lindy Lin\ |
| | | | | `{{flagicon|SGP}}`{=mediawiki} Luanne Lim | `{{flagicon|SGP}}`{=mediawiki} Vivien Gwee |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1966 | Yew Cheng Hoe | Nurhaena | Eddy Choong\ | Nurhaena\ | Billy Ng\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Yew Cheng Hoe | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Tan Tjoen Ing | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Sylvia Ng |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1967 | Tan Aik Huang | Minarni | Ng Boon Bee\ | Retno Koestijah\ | Darmadi\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Tan Yee Khan | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Minarni | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Minarni |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1968 | | Noriko Takagi | | Noriko Takagi\ | Svend Andersen\ |
| | | | | `{{flagicon|JPN}}`{=mediawiki} Hiroe Yuki | `{{flagicon|JPN}}`{=mediawiki} Noriko Takagi |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1969 | Rudy Hartono | Lim Choo Eng | Rudy Hartono\ | Aishah Attan\ | *No competition* |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Indratno | `{{flagicon|SGP}}`{=mediawiki} Lim Choo Eng | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1970 | Muljadi | Intan Nurtjahja | Indra Gunawan\ | Retno Koestijah\ | Ng Boon Bee\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Indratno | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Minarni | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Sylvia Ng |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1971 | Ippei Kojima | Sylvia Ng | Ade Chandra\ | Rosalind Singha Ang\ | |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Christian Hadinata | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Teoh Siew Yong | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1972 | Iie Sumirat | Intan Nurtjahja | Tan Aik Huang\ | Regina Masli\ | Johan Wahjudi\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Tan Aik Mong | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Intan Nurtjahja | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Regina Masli |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1973 | | Thongkam Kingmanee | Tjun Tjun\ | Theresia Widiastuti\ | *No competition* |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Johan Wahjudi | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Sri Wiyanti | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1974--\ | *No competition* | | | | |
| 1986 | | | | | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1987 | Misbun Sidek | Elizabeth Latief | Bobby Ertanto\ | Chung Myung-hee\ | *No competition* |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Liem Swee King | `{{flagicon|KOR|1984}}`{=mediawiki} Hwang Hye-young | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1988 | Yang Yang | Li Lingwei | Shuji Matsuno\ | Shi Wen\ | |
| | | | `{{flagicon|JPN|1870}}`{=mediawiki} Shinji Matsuura | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Zhou Lei | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1989 | Zhao Jianhua | Han Aiping | Jalani Sidek\ | Guan Weizhen\ | |
| | | | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Razif Sidek | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Lin Ying | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1990 | Foo Kok Keong | Tang Jiuhong | Rudy Gunawan\ | Gillian Clark\ | Jan-Eric Antonsson\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Eddy Hartono | `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} Gillian Gowers | `{{flagicon|SWE}}`{=mediawiki} Maria Bengtsson |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1991 | Bambang Suprianto | Huang Hua | Kim Moon-soo\ | Chung Myung-hee\ | Thomas Lund\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|KOR|1984}}`{=mediawiki} Park Joo-bong | `{{flagicon|KOR|1984}}`{=mediawiki} Chung So-young | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Pernille Dupont |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1992 | Zhao Jianhua | Ye Zhaoying | Chen Hongyong\ | Gillian Clark\ | Pär-Gunnar Jönsson\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Chen Kang | `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} Gillian Gowers | `{{flagicon|SWE}}`{=mediawiki} Maria Bengtsson |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1993 | *No competition* | | | | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1994 | Ardy Wiranata | Ra Kyung-min | Rexy Mainaky\ | Ge Fei\ | Thomas Lund\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Ricky Subagja | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Gu Jun | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Marlene Thomsen |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1995 | Joko Suprianto | Lim Xiaoqing | | | Tri Kusharjanto\ |
| | | | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Minarti Timur |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1996 | *No competition* | | | | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1997 | Hariyanto Arbi | Mia Audina | Sigit Budiarto\ | Ge Fei\ | Bambang Suprianto\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Candra Wijaya | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Gu Jun | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Rosalina Riseu |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1998 | Hendrawan | Ye Zhaoying | | | Tri Kusharjanto\ |
| | | | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Minarti Timur |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1999 | Hariyanto Arbi | | Choong Tan Fook\ | Huang Nanyan\ | Kim Dong-moon\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Lee Wan Wah | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Yang Wei | `{{flagicon|KOR|1997}}`{=mediawiki} Ra Kyung-min |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2000 | *No competition* | | | | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2001 | Taufik Hidayat | Zhang Ning | Tony Gunawan\ | Wei Yili\ | Jens Eriksen\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Halim Haryanto | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Zhang Jiewen | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Mette Schjoldager |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2002 | Chen Hong | Zhou Mi | Eng Hian\ | Huang Nanyan\ | Kim Dong-moon\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} Flandy Limpele | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Yang Wei | `{{flagicon|KOR|1997}}`{=mediawiki} Ra Kyung-min |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2003 | | Zhang Ning | Jens Eriksen\ | Yang Wei\ | |
| | | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Martin Lundgaard Hansen | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Zhang Jiewen | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2004 | Kenneth Jonassen | | Luluk Hadiyanto\ | | Nova Widianto\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Alvent Yulianto | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Liliyana Natsir |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2005 | Taufik Hidayat | | Sigit Budiarto\ | Zhang Dan\ | Zhang Jun\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Candra Wijaya | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Zhang Yawen | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Gao Ling |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2006 | Peter Gade | Pi Hongyan | Sigit Budiarto\ | Yang Wei\ | Nova Widianto\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Flandy Limpele | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Zhang Jiewen | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Liliyana Natsir |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2007 | Boonsak Ponsana | Zhang Ning | Cai Yun\ | Wei Yili\ | Flandy Limpele\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Fu Haifeng | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Zhang Yawen | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Vita Marissa |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2008 | Lee Chong Wei | Tine Rasmussen | Mohd Zakry Abdul Latif\ | Du Jing\ | Nova Widianto\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Mohd Fairuzizuan Mohd Tazari | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Yu Yang | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Liliyana Natsir |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2009 | Bao Chunlai | Zhou Mi | Anthony Clark\ | Zhang Yawen\ | Zheng Bo\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} Nathan Robertson | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Zhao Tingting | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Ma Jin |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2010 | Sony Dwi Kuncoro | Saina Nehwal | Fang Chieh-min\ | Shinta Mulia Sari\ | Thomas Laybourn\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|TPE}}`{=mediawiki} Lee Sheng-mu | `{{flagicon|SGP}}`{=mediawiki} Yao Lei | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Kamilla Rytter Juhl |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2011 | Chen Jin | Wang Xin | Cai Yun\ | Tian Qing\ | Tontowi Ahmad\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Fu Haifeng | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Zhao Yunlei | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Liliyana Natsir |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2012 | Boonsak Ponsana | Juliane Schenk | Markis Kido\ | Bao Yixin\ | Chen Hung-ling\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Hendra Setiawan | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Zhong Qianxin | `{{flagicon|TPE}}`{=mediawiki} Cheng Wen-hsing |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2013 | Tommy Sugiarto | Wang Yihan | Mohammad Ahsan\ | Tian Qing\ | Tontowi Ahmad\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Hendra Setiawan | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Zhao Yunlei | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Liliyana Natsir |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2014 | Simon Santoso | | Cai Yun\ | Bao Yixin\ | |
| | | | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Lu Kai | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Tang Jinhua | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2015 | Kento Momota | Sun Yu | Angga Pratama\ | Ou Dongni\ | Zhang Nan\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Ricky Karanda Suwardi | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Yu Xiaohan | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Zhao Yunlei |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2016 | Sony Dwi Kuncoro | Ratchanok Intanon | Fu Haifeng\ | Nitya Krishinda Maheswari\ | Ko Sung-hyun\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Zhang Nan | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Greysia Polii | `{{flagicon|KOR}}`{=mediawiki} Kim Ha-na |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2017 | B. Sai Praneeth | Tai Tzu-ying | Mathias Boe\ | Christinna Pedersen\ | Lu Kai\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Carsten Mogensen | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Kamilla Rytter Juhl | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Huang Yaqiong |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2018 | Chou Tien-chen | Sayaka Takahashi | Mohammad Ahsan\ | Ayako Sakuramoto\ | Goh Soon Huat\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Hendra Setiawan | `{{flagicon|JPN}}`{=mediawiki} Yukiko Takahata | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Shevon Jemie Lai |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2019 | Kento Momota | Tai Tzu-ying | Takeshi Kamura\ | Mayu Matsumoto\ | Dechapol Puavaranukroh\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|JPN}}`{=mediawiki} Keigo Sonoda | `{{flagicon|JPN}}`{=mediawiki} Wakana Nagahara | `{{flagicon|THA}}`{=mediawiki} Sapsiree Taerattanachai |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2020 | *Cancelled*`{{refn|group="note"|This tournament, originally to be played from 7 to 12 April, was later cancelled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore]].<ref>{{cite news |title=BWF Announces Revamped Tournament Calendar for 2020 |url=https://bwfworldtour.bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2020/05/22/bwf-announces-revamped-tournament-calendar-for-2020/ |publisher=Badminton World Federation |access-date=26 May 2020 |date=25 May 2020}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} | | | | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2021 | *Cancelled*`{{refn|group="note"|This tournament, originally to be played from 1 to 6 June, was later cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore.<ref>{{cite news |title=Singapore Open 2021 Cancelled|url=https://bwfworldtour.bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2021/05/12/singapore-open-2021-cancelled/ |publisher=Badminton World Federation |access-date=12 May 2021 |date=12 May 2021}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} | | | | |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2022 | Anthony Sinisuka Ginting | P. V. Sindhu | Leo Rolly Carnando\ | Apriyani Rahayu\ | Dechapol Puavaranukroh\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Daniel Marthin | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Siti Fadia Silva Ramadhanti | `{{flagicon|THA}}`{=mediawiki} Sapsiree Taerattanachai |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2023 | | An Se-young | Takuro Hoki\ | Chen Qingchen\ | Mathias Christiansen\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|JPN}}`{=mediawiki} Yugo Kobayashi | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Jia Yifan | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Alexandra Bøje |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2024 | Shi Yuqi | | He Jiting\ | | Zheng Siwei\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Ren Xiangyu | | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Huang Yaqiong |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2025 | Kunlavut Vitidsarn | Chen Yufei | Aaron Chia\ | Kim Hye-jeong\ | Dechapol Puavaranukroh\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Soh Wooi Yik | `{{flagicon|KOR}}`{=mediawiki} Kong Hee-yong | `{{flagicon|THA}}`{=mediawiki} Supissara Paewsampran |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2,825 |
Singapore Open (badminton)
| 0 |
10,149,715 |
# Singapore Open (badminton)
## Multiple winners {#multiple_winners}
Below is the list of the most successful players in the Singapore Open:
Name Total
------------------------------------------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Ong Poh Lim 4 **9** **9** **22**
Helen Heng **7** **8** **15**
Wong Peng Soon **7** 4 3 **14**
E. J. Vass 5 3 **8**
Alice Pennefather`{{ref|1}}`{=mediawiki} 4 1 2 **7**
Ismail Marjan 7 **7**
Jessie Ong 2 5 **7**
Ng Boon Bee 5 2 **7**
Ong Siew Eng`{{ref|2}}`{=mediawiki} 4 3 **7**
Liliyana Natsir 6 **6**
Nancy Lim 3 3 **6**
Tan Chong Tee 3 2 1 **6**
Lim Choo Eng 1 2 2 **5**
Lim Say Hup 2 3 **5**
Mary Sim`{{ref|3}}`{=mediawiki} 4 1 **5**
Tan Yee Khan 5 **5**
Waileen Wong 2 3 **5**
Yang Wei 5 **5**
Zhang Ning 5 **5**
Ge Fei 4 **4**
Gu Jun 4 **4**
Lau Hui Huang 3 1 **4**
Minarni 1 2 1 **4**
Ra Kyung-min 1 3 **4**
Seah Eng Hee 3 1 **4**
Sigit Budiarto 4 **4**
Sylvia Ng 1 3 **4**
Sylvia Tan 2 2 **4**
Zhang Jiewen 4 **4**
Baby Low 3 **3**
Billy Ng 2 1 **3**
Cai Yun 3 **3**
Candra Wijaya 3 **3**
Dechapol Puavaranukroh 3 **3**
Flandy Limpele`{{ref|4}}`{=mediawiki} 2 1 **3**
Fu Haifeng 3 **3**
Hendra Setiawan 3 **3**
Intan Nurtjahja 2 1 **3**
J. de Souza 3 **3**
Kim Dong-moon 3 **3**
Leow Kim Fatt 1 1 1 **3**
Noriko Takagi`{{ref|5}}`{=mediawiki} 1 1 1 **3**
Nova Widianto 3 **3**
Omar Ibrahim 3 **3**
Ong Siew Yong 3 **3**
Tan Aik Huang 2 1 **3**
Teoh Peng Hooi 2 1 **3**
Tontowi Ahmad 3 **3**
Wong Chong Teck 3 **3**
Ye Zhaoying 3 **3**
Zhang Yawen 3 **3**
Zhao Yunlei 2 1 **3**
Anthony Sinisuka Ginting 2 **2**
Bambang Suprianto 1 1 **2**
Bao Yixin 2 **2**
Boonsak Ponsana 2 **2**
Chan Chim Bock 2 **2**
Chen Hong 2 **2**
Chung Myung-hee 2 **2**
Gillian Clark 2 **2**
Gillian Gowers 2 **2**
Hariyanto Arbi 2 **2**
Helen Ong 1 1 **2**
Huang Nanyan 2 **2**
Iie Sumirat 2 **2**
Indratno 2 **2**
Jens Eriksen 1 1 **2**
Johan Wahjudi 1 1 **2**
Johnny Heah 2 **2**
Kamilla Rytter Juhl 1 1 **2**
Kento Momota 2 **2**
Koh Keng Siang 1 1 **2**
Lai Siew York 1 1 **2**
Lim Boon Guan 2 **2**
Lu Kai 1 1 **2**
Maria Bengtsson 2 **2**
Minarti Timur 2 **2**
Mohammad Ahsan 2 **2**
Nancy Ang 2 **2**
Nurhaena 1 1 **2**
Regina Masli 1 1 **2**
Retno Koestijah 2 **2**
Rexy Mainaky 2 **2**
Ricky Subagja 2 **2**
Rudy Hartono 1 1 **2**
Sapsiree Taerattanachai 2 **2**
Sony Dwi Kuncoro 2 **2**
Tai Tzu-ying 2 **2**
Tan Gaik Bee 1 1 **2**
Taufik Hidayat 2 **2**
Thomas Lund 2 **2**
Tian Qing 2 **2**
Tri Kusharjanto 2 **2**
Vivien Gwee 1 1 **2**
Wang Yihan 2 **2**
Wee Boon Hai 2 **2**
Wee Choon Seng 1 1 **2**
Wei Yili 2 **2**
Yew Cheng Hoe 1 1 **2**
Zhang Nan 1 1 **2**
Zhao Jianhua 2 **2**
Zhou Mi`{{ref|6}}`{=mediawiki} 2 **2**
Huang Yaqiong 2 **2**
Chen Qingchen 2 **2**
Jia Yifan 2 **2**
An Se-young 2 **2**
Female players who change their surname after marriage:
: -- Alice Patterson later known as Alice Pennefather
: -- Ong Siew Eng later known as Mrs. Chionh Hiok Chor
: -- Mary Heng later known as Mary Sim
: -- Noriko Takagi later known as Noriko Nakayama
Players who won titles representing different nations:
: -- Flandy Limpele won two titles with Indonesia and one with England
: -- Zhou Mi won one title with China and one with Hong Kong
| 612 |
Singapore Open (badminton)
| 1 |
10,149,715 |
# Singapore Open (badminton)
## Performances by nation {#performances_by_nation}
+-------+--------------------------------+-----+-----+------+----+--------+----------+
| Pos | Nation | MS | WS | MD | WD | XD | Total |
+=======+================================+=====+=====+======+====+========+==========+
| 1 | Straits Settlements\ | 28 | 24 | 24.5 | 21 | 24.5 | **122** |
| | `{{bd|Singapore}}`{=mediawiki} | | | | | | |
+-------+--------------------------------+-----+-----+------+----+--------+----------+
| 2 | | 18 | 6 | 19 | 7 | 12 | **62** |
+-------+--------------------------------+-----+-----+------+----+--------+----------+
| 3 | | 8 | 18 | 6 | 23 | 5 | **60** |
+-------+--------------------------------+-----+-----+------+----+--------+----------+
| 4 | Malaya\ | 10 | 5 | 14.5 | 4 | 5.5 | **39** |
| | `{{bd|Malaysia}}`{=mediawiki} | | | | | | |
+-------+--------------------------------+-----+-----+------+----+--------+----------+
| 5 | | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.5 | **12.5** |
+-------+--------------------------------+-----+-----+------+----+--------+----------+
| 6 | | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5.5 | **11
| 151 |
Singapore Open (badminton)
| 2 |
10,149,761 |
# Nagriamel
**Nagriamel** (sometimes seen as **Vemarana**, **Vemerana** or the **Nagriamel Customs Union** or **Nagriamel Movement**) is a political party in Vanuatu.
## History
The party was established in January 1966 at a meeting of chiefs in Espiritu Santo convened by Chief Buluk of Big Bay. The first territory-wide political movement in the New Hebrides, by 1969 it was estimated to have around 10,000 members (around one in eight of the population), mostly in the north of the territory. The name \'Nagriamel\' was taken from combining the names of two plants, *nagria* (a croton) and *mel* (a cycas). Soon after its establishment, Jimmy Stevens became involved with the party after offering to sell guns to the chiefs. He used much of the funds donated to the party to build an agricultural complex in Vanafo.
The party called for the return of all European-owned land that had not been used for agricultural development, It also held the view that the New Hebrides was not ready for independence and the modernization it would bring, though the party was reputedly manipulated by anti-independence French factions and the Phoenix Foundation. In the 1975 elections, the party won two of the 29 popularly elected seats in the new Representative Assembly.
As the independence movement gathered momentum after 1975, led by the more Anglo-centric Walter Lini and the Vanua\'aku Pati, Nagriamel sought to delay the end of British--French condominium. With backing from the Phoenix Foundation, Nagriamel declared the independence of the \'Republic of Vemerana\' on Santo on the eve of independence in 1980. Vanua\'aku Party and Papua New Guinean soldiers quashed the new state weeks later. Reprisals against Nagriamel supporters spread throughout the northern islands.
Following independence, the party contested the 1983 elections, winning one seat, taken by Harry Karaeu. This seat was lost in the 1987 elections, but the party won a seat again in the 1991 elections. The party retained its single seat in the 1995 elections, but lost their parliamentary representation in the 1998 elections. It regained a seat in the 2008 elections, with Havo Moli elected in Malo/Aore. Moli was subsequently appointed Minister for Agriculture.
In the 2012 elections, the party won three seats, with Moli joined in parliament by Samson Samsen and John Lum. It retained all three seats in the 2016 elections before losing two in 2020. In the 2022 election the party retained its only seat and remained in the opposition.
The party tends to support Vanuatu\'s status as a tax haven as well as private enterprise, but is in favour of free education and health care (generally a position popular on the left), and is against modern individualism corrupting customary values.
In 2024, John Lum was elected as the party\'s new president. Lum won the only seat for Nagriamel in the 2025 election. In accordance with the results of the 2024 Vanuatuan constitutional referendum, Lum was forced to affiliate with a larger party, and chose the Land and Justice Party.
## Election results {#election_results}
Election Leader Votes \% Seats +/-- Government
---------- ---------------- ------------------- ------------ ------- ------ ------------
1975 Jimmy Stevens 650 1.26 (#4) New
1977 *Boycotted* 0
1979 *Did not contest* 0
1983 1,254 2.84 (#4) 1
1987 766 1.36 (#1) 0
1991 1,822 2.93 (#6) 1
1995 ? 1,337 1.76 (#1) 0
1998 162 0.23 (#13) 1
2002 505 0.64 (#14) 0
2004 405 0.44 (#16) 0
2008 3,016 2.87 (#10) 1
2012 5,092 4.23 (#7) 2
2016 Moli Abel Nako 4,128 3.65 (#9) 0
2020 Song Keaspai 2,980 2.07 (#10) 2
2022 3,240 2.45 (#9) 0
2025 John Lum 3,102 2
| 596 |
Nagriamel
| 0 |
10,149,771 |
# TachoSil
**Tachosil** is an equine collagen sponge coated with the human plasma-derived coagulation factors fibrinogen and thrombin. It is used during surgery to stop local bleeding on internal organs (hemostasis). Tachosil reacts upon contact with blood, other body fluids or saline to form a clot that glues it to the tissue surface.
Tachosil may cause an allergic reaction, thrombosis (blood clots), a blockage in the intestine when used during abdominal surgeries, the formation of scar tissue and foreign body granuloma (a type of inflammatory reaction).
## Medical uses {#medical_uses}
Tachosil is indicated in for supportive treatment in surgery for improvement of haemostasis, to promote tissue sealing and for suture support in vascular surgery where standard techniques are insufficient. According to studies comparing Tachosil to argon beamer or stitching in patients undergoing liver surgery, Tachosil was associated with significantly lower time until the bleeding stopped.[1](https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/overview/tachosil-epar-summary-public_en.pdf) Tachosil is indicated in adults for supportive sealing of the dura mater to prevent postoperative cerebrospinal leakage following neurological surgery
| 165 |
TachoSil
| 0 |
10,149,880 |
# Tiberio d'Assisi
**Tiberio d\'Assisi** (circa 1470--1524) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active in the early 16th century. He painted in the style of Pietro Perugino. He is also known as *Tiberio Diatelevi* or *Tiberio di Assisi*.
He painted a *Madonna* in the church of S. Martino, near Trevi; a *Madonna and five scenes from the life of St. Francis* (1512), in the church of San Francesco in Montefalco; a *St. Sebastian* for the church of San Fortunato in Montefalco; a *Madonna* in S. Domenico in Assisi, and Scenes from the *life of St. Francis* in Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli in the same city (1518). Fresco work was discovered in Castel Ritaldi.
## Gallery
<File:Tiberio> d\'Assisi Mad. Bamb. santi.jpg\|Madonna and Child with Saints Peter and Bonaventure <File:Madonna> del Soccorso, Tiberio d\'Assisi, Montefalco, complesso museale di San Francesco.JPG\|Madonna del Soccorso <File:Tiberio> d\'Assisi, Angelo adorante 02.jpg\|Adoring angel <File:Tiberio> d\'Assisi, Angelo adorante 01
| 155 |
Tiberio d'Assisi
| 0 |
10,149,894 |
# Zaebos
**Zaebos** is a demon or spirit mentioned in the *Dictionnaire Infernal*. It is described as the Grand Count of the infernal realms and is said to appear in the form of a handsome soldier mounted on a crocodile
| 40 |
Zaebos
| 0 |
10,149,906 |
# Heinkel He 119
The **Heinkel He 119** was an experimental single-propeller monoplane with two coupled engines, developed in Germany. A private venture by Heinkel to test radical ideas by the Günter brothers, the He 119 was originally intended to act as an unarmed reconnaissance bomber capable of eluding all fighters due to its high performance.
## Development
Design was begun in the late summer of 1936. A prominent feature of the aircraft was the streamlined fuselage, which had an extensively glazed cockpit immediately behind the propeller. Two of the three-man crew sat one each side of a driveshaft, which ran aft to a coupled pair of Daimler-Benz DB 601 engines mounted above the wing center-section, mounted together within a common mount (the starboard component engine having a \"mirror-image\" centrifugal supercharger) with a common gear reduction unit fitted to the front ends of each engine, forming a drive unit known as the DB 606. The He 119 was the first German aircraft to use the \"high-power\" powerplant system meant to provide German aircraft with an powerplant design of over-1,500 kW (2,000 PS) output capability, but weighing 1.5 tonnes apiece.
The DB 606 was installed just behind the aft cockpit wall, near the center of gravity, with an enclosed extension shaft passing through the centerline of the cockpit to drive a large four-blade variable-pitch propeller in the nose. An evaporative cooling system was used on the V1, with the remaining prototypes having a semi-retractable radiator directly below the engine to augment cooling during take-off and climb. Only eight prototypes were completed and the aircraft did not see production, mainly because of the shortages of DB 601 \"component\" engines to construct the 1500 kg DB 606 \"power systems\" they formed. The first two prototypes were built as land planes, with retractable landing gear. The third prototype (V3) was constructed as a seaplane with twin floats. This was tested at the *Erprobungsstelle Travemünde* military seaplane test facility on the Baltic coast, and was scrapped in 1942 at Heinkel\'s factory airfield in Marienehe.
On 22 November 1937, the fourth prototype (V4) made a world class-record flight in which it recorded an airspeed of 505 km/h (314 mph), with a payload of 1,000 kg (2,205 lb), over a distance of 1,000 km (621 mi). The four remaining prototypes were completed during the spring and early summer of 1938, the V5 and V6 being A-series production prototypes for the reconnaissance model, and the V7 and V8 being B-series production prototypes for the bomber model.
These four aircraft were three-seaters with a defensive armament of one 7.92 mm MG 15 machine gun in a dorsal position, V7 and V8 having provision for a normal bombload of three 250 kg (551 lb) bombs or maximum bombload of 1,000 kg (2,205 lb). V7 and V8 were sold to Japan in May 1940, and extensively studied; the insights thus gained were used in the design of the Yokosuka R2Y. The remaining prototypes served as engine test-beds, flying with various prototype versions of the DB 606 and DB 610 (twinned DB 605s) and the strictly-experimental DB 613 (twinned DB 603).
## Variants
He 111U
: Propaganda designation of the He 119
He 119
: Basic version, eight prototypes built.
He 519: 1944 high-speed bomber development, designed as a private venture by Heinkel to test radical ideas by the Günter brothers, the He 519 was designed to use the 24-cylinder Daimler-Benz DB 613, but the aircraft remained a concept and was abandoned at the end of the war
| 586 |
Heinkel He 119
| 0 |
10,149,992 |
# Andrea dell'Asta
**Andrea dell\'Asta** (c. 1673--1721) was an Italian painter of the late-baroque period.
## Biography
Born in Bagnoli Irpino, he died in Naples. He trained with Francesco Solimena, and worked for a time in Rome, carefully studied the works of Raffaello Sanzio and Domenichino. His name has myriad spellings, the painter himself used *Aste* but other have used *d\'Asti, D\'Asti, Dell\'Asti*, etc. Much of his work in Naples was destroyed by World War II. He painted a *Nativity* and *Epiphany* for the church of the Santa Teresa degli Scalzi in Naples. He also painted an *Annunciation* for Santa Maria dell\'Avocata and a *Madonna of sorrows* for San Giovanni Battista delle Monache. The National Museum of Abruzzo (L\'Aquila) owns some of his paintings. He died in Naples.
Among his pupils was Matteo Siscara
| 134 |
Andrea dell'Asta
| 0 |
10,149,999 |
# Erhardt Kapp
**Erhardt Kapp** (born June 16, 1959, in Romania) is a retired Romanian-American soccer defender and current business owner and soccer coach. He was also a member of the 1984 U.S. Olympic soccer team and U.S. national team.
## Career
Kapp as a youth played for the New York-based Kolping Soccer Club and Blau-Weiss Gottschee. Kapp attended the University of Connecticut from 1977 to 1980, where he played on the men\'s soccer team and became one of the most decorated players ever at UConn under Joe Morrone. He was named a first team All American in 1981. He was also a second-team All American in 1980 and earned honorable mention in 1978.
The New York Cosmos under head coach Hennes Weisweiler of the North American Soccer League (NASL) selected Kapp with the fourth pick in the first round of the 1981 NASL College Draft. He played with the Cosmos and was a teammate of players Franz Beckenbauer, Carlos Alberto, Giorgio Chinaglia, Vladislav Bogicevic and Johan Neeskens until the end of the 1983. They were Soccer Bowl finalists in 1981 and won the championship in 1982. Besides competing in the North American Soccer League, the Cosmos traveled all over the world playing against world-class teams in Asia, South America, Central America, Africa and Europe. On November 16, 1983, the Cosmos released Kapp and several other teammates because of salary constraints and downsizing of the club.^[1](https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A04E0DA1239F935A25752C1A965948260)^ In December 1983, Kapp signed with the Pittsburgh Spirit of the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL). After the Spirit folded, he moved to the Los Angeles Lazers in 1986 along with former Cosmos and Olympic teammate David Brcic and remained with the team through 1990.
Kapp also was a member of the U.S. Olympic soccer team at the 1984 Summer Olympics, where he started all three games under coach Alkis Panagoulias. The 3--0 win over Costa Rica was attended by 78,265 fans in Palo Alto, California. The U.S. went 1--1--1, beating Costa Rica 3--0, losing 1--0 to Italy, and tying Egypt 1--1. They failed to make it to the second round despite playing with professional players.
Kapp also earned five caps with the U.S. national team between 1983 and 1985. The national team did not play many games during that period. His first cap came in the only U.S. game in 1983, a 2--0 win over Haiti. Kapp came on for Alan Merrick. He then played three games in 1984, scoring in a 4--0 blowout of the Netherlands Antilles. His last cap came on May 15, 1985, in a victory over Trinidad and Tobago. The U.S. national team did not qualify for the 1986 World Cup in Mexico.
He owns a soccer retail store in Mamaroneck, New York. He also coaches and runs summer soccer camps in Westchester, New York.
Kapp\'s son, Alex Kapp was also a soccer player
| 475 |
Erhardt Kapp
| 0 |
10,150,018 |
# Arthur Ransome Club
`{{nihongo|The '''Arthur Ransome Club'''|(アーサー・ランサム・クラブ: Āsā Ransamu Kurabu)}}`{=mediawiki}, ARC was founded in Tokyo, Japan, in 1987. It is believed to be the first organization dedicated to promoting and celebrating the works of Arthur Ransome. Its members refer to themselves as \"Ransomites\" (\"Ransamaito\").
## History
The club was founded in 1987 by Tamami Nakayama.
The club celebrated its 10th anniversary in 1997 at the \"10-Gong Festival\" in a central Tokyo hotel. Members of \"The Arthur Ransome Society\" were in attendance and a presentation of the newly published book *Arthur Ransome and the Japanese connection* was made to each ARC member.
## ARC now {#arc_now}
ARC publishes a yearly journal called *1929*
| 113 |
Arthur Ransome Club
| 0 |
10,150,027 |
# Aeromarine AS
The **Aeromarine AS** was a seaplane fighter aircraft evaluated by the US Navy in the early 1920s.
## Development and design {#development_and_design}
Other than the vertical stabilizer, it was configured as a conventional two-bay biplane on twin pontoons, with two seats. The sole example of the original design, designated **AS-1** had an inverted fin. After evaluation testing, the Navy ordered two aircraft, designated **AS-2**. The AS-2 had cruciform tails and larger radiators, and ailerons on both upper and lower wings.
## Variants
- A.S.-1 1 built
- A.S
| 91 |
Aeromarine AS
| 0 |
10,150,053 |
# R. A. Stradling
**Richard Anthony \"Tony\" Stradling** (1937 -- 26 November 2002), was an English semiconductor physicist, latterly professor of physics at Imperial College London.
## Biography
Tony Stradling was born in Solihull, Warwickshire. He received his early education at Solihull School.
He took a First in physics from Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1955, followed by his DPhil studies in the Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford. He was appointed University Lecturer at Oxford and Fellow of Christ Church in 1968. In 1978 he took up the Chair of Natural Philosophy at St Andrews University. He remained in Scotland until 1984, when he moved back to England as Professor of Physics at Imperial College. He held this position until his retirement shortly before his death.
His early work was on the cyclotron resonance of semiconductors moving to magnetophonon resonance. He and his team of students used this effect to investigate a wide range of phenomena in the II-VI, III-V and elemental semiconductors. He pioneered the use of infra-red gas lasers combined with high magnetic fields to carry out cyclotron resonance and impurity spectroscopy measurements. Hydrostatic pressure was another tool for investigating band structure and impurity states in semiconductors that he exploited, particularly at St Andrews. He also investigated the spin and giant magnetoresistance properties of the narrow gap III-V compounds.
One of the legacies of Stradling's research is his measurement of the effective masses and band parameters of many semiconductor materials, which continue to remain useful for semiconductor technologists. For example, his team\'s measurements of the effective masses of carriers in the III-V compounds are used to design lasers and fast transistors. These devices are used in electronics, optoelectronics and data storage.
Tony's appointment to a Chair of Physics at Imperial College London rapidly established Imperial as a leading international centre in semiconductor physics. His international renown was enhanced by his editorship of the journal *Semiconductor Science and Technology*, which he was instrumental in founding.
Tony Stradling lived in Oxford and commuted to London daily. He died on 26 November 2002.
## Honours
He was awarded the Institute of Physics C V Boys Prize in 1975. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1981
| 367 |
R. A. Stradling
| 0 |
10,150,062 |
# Harold Rosen (electrical engineer)
Harold Rosen}} `{{Infobox person
| name = Harold Rosen
| birth_name = Harold Allen Rosen
| birth_date = March 20, 1926
| birth_place = [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2017|01|30|1926|03|20|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles|Pacific Palisades]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S.
| known_for = Developer of the first [[geosynchronous satellite]]
| alma_mater = [[California Institute of Technology]] ([[Master of Science|MSc.]], [[PhD]])<br />[[Tulane University]] ([[Bachelor of Engineering|BEng.]])
| occupation = Electrical engineer
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Dr. Harold Allen Rosen** (20 March 1926 -- 30 January 2017) was an American electrical engineer, known as \"the father of the geostationary satellite\", and \"father of the communications satellite\".
He formed and led the team that designed and built the first geosynchronous communications satellite, Syncom, for Hughes Aircraft Company.
## Early life {#early_life}
Harold Allen Rosen was born on March 20, 1926, in New Orleans, Louisiana.
He served as a radio communication and radar technician in the U.S. Navy during World War II, from 1944 to 1946. His experiences in the Navy provided him with hands-on experience with radio communications and the then-new field of radars.
He graduated from Tulane University in New Orleans in 1947 with a Bachelor of Engineering degree in electrical engineering. He received an M.S. and a PhD in electrical engineering in 1948 and 1951 respectively from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
## Career
While still in graduate school, he began working for Raytheon, where he helped develop early anti-aircraft guided missiles, making many innovations in the fields of radar and missile guidance and control. After joining the Hughes Aircraft Company in 1956, and while he was working on the development of airborne radars, the world was catapulted into the space age by the 1957 launch of Sputnik, the world\'s first artificial satellite. At the same time, his department\'s most important program was cancelled. His boss, Frank Carver, challenged him to find a worthwhile new project that could keep the skilled staff gainfully employed.
Stimulated by the possibilities of the new Space Age, Rosen wanted it to be some kind of space program. Because at that time international telephony was very expensive and hard to arrange, and transoceanic television was impossible, he decided it should be some kind of communication satellite since these problems could be solved that way. He began to research what kind of communication satellite system would work best for this purpose. At the time, Rosen was unaware of science writer Arthur C. Clarke\'s 1945 description of a geosynchronous satellite, but he was aware of the conventional wisdom regarding geostationary satellites, expressed most stridently by the highly regarded Bell Labs, at that time the world\'s leading communications R&D entity, in a March 1959 IRE Journal titled "Transoceanic Communications Via Satellites," written by John Pierce and Rudy Kompfner. They expressed the view that geostationary satellites would be too heavy to be launched by the rockets that were then available. And, even if geostationary satellites could be launched, their presumed complexity would prevent them from having a long enough lifetime to be commercially viable. Rosen, in reading their paper, felt otherwise. He reasoned that since Bell Labs designed communication equipment for ground applications, it had little incentive for keeping the weight down. Also, he was confident that his previous experience in guided missile design was more relevant for designing the control system for such a satellite and that the supposedly-complex control system the authors claimed would be necessary would not be needed.
Rosen had an epiphany when it occurred to him that if he used spin-phased impulses on a spin-stabilized satellite, he could have a simple, long-lived control system to go along with the satellite\'s lightweight electronics. He gathered a small team of gifted colleagues (most notably, Don Williams, Tom Hudspeth and John Mendel) to convert the concept into a design for a practical geostationary communication satellite system. The spin stabilized satellite itself weighed only 55 pounds. When his superiors initially refused to fund the project, Rosen began talking to his contacts at Raytheon; rather than lose him to his previous employer, Hughes\' management agreed to support prototype development. He subsequently convinced the U.S. government to fund the Syncom program, a flight program that was based on the Hughes prototype. After a discouraging rocket failure that doomed Syncom I in February 1963, Syncom II was successfully launched in August 1963. It was followed by Syncom III in 1964, in time to relay live television signals from Tokyo during the Summer Olympics. The first commercial satellite, Early Bird, was launched in 1965. With communication satellites a commercial reality, Hughes formed a division to pursue this as a business, and Rosen became its technical director. He later became a vice president of Hughes and a member of its policy board in 1975. In these roles he was key in helping to build the world\'s largest communications satellite business at Hughes Aircraft Company.
Upon his retirement from Hughes in 1992, he joined with his brother Benjamin in another development project.
## Rosen Motors {#rosen_motors}
In 1993 Harold Rosen and his brother Benjamin founded Rosen Motors in Woodland Hills, California. They developed a gas turbine-powered series hybrid automotive powertrain using a 55,000 rpm flywheel energy storage subsystem to provide bursts of acceleration to augment the turbine\'s more steady power output. The flywheel also stored energy through regenerative braking. The flywheel was composed of a titanium hub with a carbon fiber cylinder and was gimbal mounted to minimize adverse gyroscopic effects on vehicle handling. The prototype vehicle was a Saturn, modified to accept the new engine/flywheel unit. It was successfully road tested in the Mojave Desert in January 1997 but was never mass-produced, when the automakers to whom it was demonstrated chose not to go with the flywheel technology. The company was dissolved in November 1997. Their sister company, Capstone Turbine Corporation (Tarzana, Los Angeles) received the company\'s technology and continued to develop and market it after 1997.
After the closure of Rosen Motors, Rosen became a consultant for Boeing in the design of new satellite systems.
| 1,013 |
Harold Rosen (electrical engineer)
| 0 |
10,150,062 |
# Harold Rosen (electrical engineer)
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In 1949, Rosen married Rosetta, and they had two sons, Robert (born 1950) and Rocky (born 1966). Rosetta died in 1969. In 1984 he married Deborah Castleman, a satellite systems engineer also working at Hughes Aircraft Company.
Rosen died at his home the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles on January 30, 2017, due to complications from a stroke, aged 90.
## Honors and recognitions {#honors_and_recognitions}
Rosen has more than 80 patents. He was a Fellow of the IEEE and the AIAA, and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Rosen has received numerous awards which include:
- 1964 -- The Astronautics Engineer Award, awarded by The National Space Club
- 1965 - Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
- 1968 -- First Aerospace Communication Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)
- 1973 -- The Spacecraft Design of the Award from the AIAA
- 1976 -- L. M. Ericsson International Prize for Communications, presented by the King of Sweden
- 1976 -- Lloyd V. Berkner Award
- 1976 -- Caltech Distinguished Alumni Award
- 1982 -- IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal
- 1985 -- National Medal of Technology
- 1985 -- NEC Communications & Computing Prize, in Japan
- 1987 -- Inducted into the Society of Satellites Professionals International Hall of Fame
- 1990 -- Arthur C. Clarke Award, in Sri Lanka
- 1995 -- NAE Charles Stark Draper Prize
- 2003 -- Inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame
- 2014 -- Philip J. Klass Lifetime Achievement Award -- *Aviation Week & Space Technology* magazine
- 2015 -- Robert H
| 279 |
Harold Rosen (electrical engineer)
| 1 |
10,150,088 |
# Abja-Paluoja
**Abja-Paluoja** is a town in Mulgi Parish, Viljandi County, in southern Estonia. Abja-Paluoja got the town status and became a separate urban municipality in 1993.
## History
First documented records of the Abja manor and village date from 1457 (*Abbalis et Meitzekull*).
From 1897 to 1973, the railway line passed through Abja-Paluoja, and there was a railway station in the town.
In 1913, a flax factory was established near Abja-Paluoja because flax cultivation had developed in the area.
The Abja Gymnasium (secondary school) was opened in 1940.
Abja-Paluoja was the centre of Abja raion from 1950 to 1962. Abja-Paluoja gained town rights and became a separate urban municipality in 1993. In 1998, it was merged into surrounding rural municipality (Abja Parish) and was its administrative centre until 2017.
## Notable people {#notable_people}
- Karl August Hindrey (1875--1947), writer, journalist, and cartoonist
- Aino Jõgi (1922--2013), linguist and translator
- Kaimo Kuusk (born 1975), diplomat and foreign intelligence officer
- Mati Laur (born 1955), historian
- Tarmo Pihlap (1952--1999), singer and guitarist
- Riho Västrik (born 1965), filmmaker, producer, screenwriter, journalist, and historian
## Gallery
Park kesklinnas.jpg\|Park in central Abja-Paluoja Abja postkontor 2010.JPG\|Abja Museum in the historic bank and post office building Abjas dzelzceļa stacija 1.jpg\|Former railway station (now the building is used by a Pentecostal congregation) Abja-Paluoja päästekomando depoo.jpg\|Fire depot Abja-Paluoja.jpg\|Bus station Abja Spordikeskus
| 226 |
Abja-Paluoja
| 0 |
10,150,115 |
# Darren T. Holmes
**Darren T. Holmes** is a film editor whose credits include animated films such as *The Iron Giant* (1999), *Lilo & Stitch* (2002), *Ratatouille* (2007), *How to Train Your Dragon* (2010), and *The Croods* (2013) as well as *My Father's Dragon* (2022). He also served as a consulting editor for *Song of the Sea* (2014).
Holmes has been elected to membership in the American Cinema Editors.
Holmes is also a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
| 83 |
Darren T. Holmes
| 0 |
10,150,119 |
# Seaton, South Australia
**Seaton** is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, located in the western suburbs near Findon, Grange and West Lakes. Seaton is home to the Royal Adelaide Golf Club. Main roads including Tapleys Hill Road and Grange Road go through the suburb.
## History
Prior to World War II the area was largely rural, with market gardens, poultry farms and lucerne paddocks, bounded to the west by sand dunes. With the rapid development of industry during and after the war years, including the munitions factory at Hendon and the General Motors-Holden motor vehicle assembly plant at Woodville, the South Australian Housing Trust developed large areas of low-cost workers\' housing in Seaton and other nearby suburbs.
The first Seaton Post Office opened on 1 September 1965, renamed from *Seaton Park*; in 1991 it closed and was replaced by the second office renamed from *Seaton North*.
Seaton is known for its football team, the Seaton Ramblers, who play in Division Three in SAAFL.
## Education
There are currently two schools (both of which are Government and co-educational) located within Seaton:
- Seaton Park Primary School, located on Balcombe Avenue.
- Seaton High School, located on the corner of Frederick Road and Glenburnie Street
| 204 |
Seaton, South Australia
| 0 |
10,150,129 |
# Jacopo d'Avanzi
**Jacopo d\'Avanzi** (after 1350s -- 1416) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period. He is also known as *Jacopo Avanzi* or *Jacopo de Avanzi*, although apparently often confused with other artists, including *Jacopo de\' Bavozi* and the Vicentine *Avanzo*.
## Biography
Born in Bologna,`{{Clarify|reason=vague|date=January 2017}}`{=mediawiki} he trained supposedly with Vitale da Bologna. He worked with Galasso Galassi of Ferrara and Cristofano of Bologna in the old church of Santa Apollonia di Mezzaratta; these frescoes are now in the Pinacoteca Nazionale of Bologna.
He also completed the series of frescoes in the chapel of San Giacomo in the Basilica di Sant\'Antonio at Padua, which were painted in 1376, completed later by Altichiero da Zevio and Sebeto da Verona. All three also painted in Verona
| 127 |
Jacopo d'Avanzi
| 0 |
10,150,130 |
# Folke Ekström
**Nils Johan Folke Ekström** (12 October 1906, in Lund -- 25 January 2000, in Saltsjobaden) was a Swedish International Master (IM) of chess and of correspondence chess (IMC). He won the Swedish Championships in 1947 and 1948; Swedish Correspondence Championships in 1941, 1964, and 1971; and the European Correspondence Championship V, 1967--1971. According to ChessMetrics, in 1946-1947, he was rated #9 in the world.
## Tournaments and matches {#tournaments_and_matches}
Ekström was active in high-level national Swedish and international `{{chessgloss|over-the-board}}`{=mediawiki} chess during a short period of just over five years in the 1940s, with some very impressive successes. He won at Stockholm 1942, tied with Stig Lundholm, ahead of both Gösta Stoltz and Erik Lundin, both of whom became Grandmasters later on. Then at Stockholm 1943/44, he won ahead of Lundholm. Ekström lost a 1944 match to the world-class grandmaster Paul Keres by 5--1, following Keres\' \'hors concours\' appearance at the 1944 Swedish Championship, where he had placed second.
Ekström then finished second himself at the strong Hastings 1945/46 tournament, just half a point behind grandmaster Savielly Tartakower, with a score of 9/11. This was ahead of former World Champion Max Euwe, American champion Arnold Denker, and American Olympian Herman Steiner, who all trailed well behind with 7 points. At Zaandam 1946, Ekström shared second with László Szabó, an eventual nine-time Hungarian champion and three-time Candidate, with 8½/11. The winner was Euwe, who made 9½/11. Swedish Olympian Stoltz was next with 8. Then, at Stockholm 1946/47, Ekström tied for first with Lundin. They scored 7/9, ahead of (among others) Swedish Olympian Gösta Danielsson and Finnish champion Eero Böök, who shared third with 6.
Ekstrom won the Swedish Championship in 1947 and 1948. In the late 1940s, he chose to pursue a civil career rather than become a chess professional, and this did not please the Swedish Chess Federation. Ekström was awarded the International Master title by FIDE, the World Chess Federation, in 1950.
## Team play {#team_play}
Ekstrom represented Sweden on top board, ahead of Lundin (two) and Danielsson (three), in the two-day, ten-board team match against Denmark, held at Copenhagen in September 1947. Sweden won 12½--7½.
Other than a couple of minor Swedish team events, this seems to be the recorded extent of Ekström\'s competitive chess career in over-the-board play. He never represented Sweden in Chess Olympiad competition, although he very well could have, based upon his successes, as he was finishing ahead of team members in tournaments during the 1940s. Chess Olympiad competition was dormant during Ekstrom\'s most active period, due to World War II.
## Correspondence play {#correspondence_play}
He played correspondence chess with success as well, earning the IMC title in 1971. Ekstrom was Swedish correspondence champion in 1941, 1964 and 1971. He won the European Correspondence Championship V, 1967--1971. He placed tied 7--8th in the 7th World Correspondence Championship, 1972--1976, with 9/17; the tournament was won by Soviet Yakov Estrin.
## Legacy
The Ekström Variation of the Queen\'s Gambit Declined is named for him. It runs 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 c6 5.Bg5 dxc4 6.e4 b5 7.e5 h6 8.Bh4 g5 9.exf6 gxh4 10.Ne5
| 521 |
Folke Ekström
| 0 |
10,150,176 |
# I'm Your Girl (album)
***I\'m Your Girl*** is the debut studio album by South Korean girl group S.E.S., released by SM Entertainment on November 1, 1997. It spawned two singles: \"(\'Cause) I\'m Your Girl\", which was promoted shortly after the release of the album, and \"Oh, My Love\", which was released in March 1998. Commercially, *I\'m Your Girl* sold approximately 650,000 copies.
## Background
S.E.S. is one of South Korea\'s first generation K-pop idol groups. Under SM Entertainment\'s management, it was produced wholly by Lee Soo-man. Its original release was on King Records with subsequent releases by Synnara Records.
## Release and promotion {#release_and_promotion}
The lead single, title track \"(\'Cause) I\'m Your Girl\" features rapping by Eric Mun and Andy Lee prior to their debut with Shinhwa. The music video remained one of the most requested ones on popular music shows for 13 to 14 weeks. It collected four music show wins on MBC\'s *Live Young Times* and SBS\'s *Inkigayo*.
In 2001, \"(\'Cause) I\'m Your Girl\" was included on SM Entertainment\'s compilation album, *SM Best Album 2*. It was also included on their 2003 Japanese release of Korean songs, *Beautiful Songs*. A remixed version, featuring Japanese rapper Kreva, then a member of Kick the Can Crew, was included on the group\'s second single in Japan. A second single, \"Oh, My Love\", was released in March 1998. It achieved the top spot on *Inkigayo* on April 12, 1998.
## Reception
The album sold steadily over time. In total, it sold approximately 650,000 physical copies. According to MTV Korea, \"I\'m Your Girl\" \"quickly became the Korean schoolgirl anthem, and remains a staple song for young girls in love.\" It has been performed on television by modern idol groups such as Girls\' Generation and T-ara, and a parody version of its music video was created by boy group Exo.
## Accolades
Song Program Date
-------------------- -------------------- ------------------- --
\"I\'m Your Girl\" *Live Young Times* February 21, 1998
February 28, 1998
*Inkigayo* February 22, 1998
February 28, 1998
\"Oh My Love\" April 12, 1998
: Music program awards
## Track listing {#track_listing}
### Notes
- \"(\'Cause) I\'m Your Girl\" features uncredited rap vocals from Andy Lee and Eric Mun.
- \"Thy Fragrance\" features Eric Mun despite no credit given, and is a remake of the 1995 song with the same title by Yoo Young-jin.
## Credits and personnel {#credits_and_personnel}
**S.E.S.**
- Bada -- vocals
- Eugene -- vocals
- Shoo -- vocals
**Recording**
- Recorded at SM Digital Recording Studio, Seongdong-gu, Seoul
**Staff and personnel**
- SM Entertainment -- executive producer
- Lee Soo-man -- executive producer
- KAT -- recording
- Younghoon Kim -- recording
- Yoo Young-jin -- chorus, rap
- Kang Cheol-won, Kang Hee-jeong, Kim Gyeong- wook, Kim Do-gyun, Oh Jung-seok, Yoo Seong-sik, Yoon Hyun-jeong, Jeong Chang-hwan -- production coordinators
- Taeyoon Lee -- bass
- Yura Kim -- chorus
- Choi Su-jeong (Moonstone) -- chorus
- Andy Lee, Eric Mun, Lee Min-woo, Shin Hye-sung -- rap
- Kim Seong-hoon, Park Sang-jun, Ha Dae-hwan -- rap
- Hyojin Jo -- graphic design
- Kim Seong-su -- guitar
- Lee Heung-ryeol -- guitar
- Haeik Jeong -- manager
- Soohyun Kim -- assistant manager
- Kang Bong-kwon -- choreography
- Moon Hee-joon (H.O.T
| 542 |
I'm Your Girl (album)
| 0 |
10,150,179 |
# National Defence College of Thailand
The **National Defence College of Thailand** or NDC (*วิทยาลัยป้องกันราชอาณาจักร*; `{{RTGS|Witthayalai Pongkan Ratcha-anachak}}`{=mediawiki}) is an education organization that provides advanced training for both senior military officers and civilians. It is operated by the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence.
## History
The NDC was founded in on 2 February 1955 by Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram by opening the study for top executives of the military and civilian sectors only. Later in 1989, the National Defense Course for the Joint State-Private Sector was opened so that business executives at the level of business owners or executives have been educated with senior executives of the government. In 2003, opened the National Defense Course for national, private, and political by accepting more politicians.
Currently, this course is not open to study. With the requirements of those who will be considered for this study if being a civil servant must be a high-level director or equivalent or higher, If being a military officer must have a rank of Colonel, Captain, Group Captain up and if being a police officer must have a Police Colonel rank
| 190 |
National Defence College of Thailand
| 0 |
10,150,184 |
# Landensberg
**Landensberg** is a municipality in the district of Günzburg in Bavaria, Germany
| 14 |
Landensberg
| 0 |
10,150,194 |
# 1936 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
The **1936 International Lawn Tennis Challenge** was the 31st edition of what is now known as the **Davis Cup**. Due to the low number of competing South American teams, the North & Central America and South America Zones were scrapped and the Americas played in one unified zone. From this edition, the Qualifying Round system of the Europe Zone was scrapped. 19 teams entered the Europe Zone (including Argentina, the only South American team to enter), while 4 teams entered the Americas Zone.
Australia defeated the United States in the Americas Zone final, while in the Europe Zone final Germany defeated Yugoslavia. The Australians then defeated Germany in the Inter-Zonal play-off, but would fall to Great Britain in the Challenge Round. The final was played at the All England Club Centre Court in Wimbledon, London, England on 25--28 July.
## America Zone {#america_zone}
### Draw
### Final
**United States vs. Australia** `{{DavisCupbox
|team1=United States |team1-var=1912
|team2=Australia
|venue=[[Germantown Cricket Club]], [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]], [[United States]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.daviscup.com/en/draws-results/tie.aspx?id=M-DC-1936-AME-M-USA-AUS-01|title=United States v Australia|publisher=daviscup.com}}</ref>
|date=30 May–1 June 1936
|surface=Grass
|score1=2
|score2=3
|R1={{ TennisMatch |T1P1=[[Wilmer Allison]] |3 |7 |4 |1 | |T2P1=[[Adrian Quist]] |6 |5 |6 |6 | }}`{=mediawiki} \|R2={{ TennisMatch \|T1P1=Don Budge \|6 \|6 \|4 \|1 \|13 \|T2P1=Jack Crawford \|2 \|3 \|6 \|6 \|11 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch \|T1P1=Don Budge \|T1P2=Gene Mako \|6 \|6 \|4 \|5 \|4 \|T2P1=Jack Crawford \|T2P2=Adrian Quist \|4 \|2 \|6 \|7 \|6 }} \|R4={{ TennisMatch \|T1P1=Wilmer Allison \|6 \|3 \|6 \|2 \|2 \|T2P1=Jack Crawford \|4 \|6 \|4 \|6 \|6 }} \|R5={{ TennisMatch \|T1P1=Don Budge \|6 \|6 \|6 \| \| \|T2P1=Adrian Quist \|2 \|2 \|4 \| \| }} \|}}
## Europe Zone {#europe_zone}
### Draw {#draw_1}
### Final {#final_1}
**Yugoslavia vs. Germany** `{{DavisCupbox
|team1=Kingdom of Yugoslavia
|team2=Germany |team2-var=1935
|venue=[[Zagreb]], [[Yugoslavia]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.daviscup.com/en/draws-results/tie.aspx?id=M-DC-1936-EUR-M-YUG-GER-01|title=Yugoslavia v Germany|publisher=daviscup.com}}</ref>
|date=10–12 July 1936
|surface=
|score1=0
|score2=3
|R1={{ TennisMatch |T1P1=[[Josip Palada]] |4 |2 |8 |2 | |T2P1=[[Gottfried von Cramm]] |6 |6 |6 |6 | }}`{=mediawiki} \|R2={{ TennisMatch \|T1P1=Franjo Punčec \|1 \|2 \|4 \| \| \|T2P1=Henner Henkel \|6 \|6 \|6 \| \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch \|T1P1=Franjo Kukuljević \|T1P2=Dragutin Mitić \|6 \|6 \|3 \|6 \|3 \|T2P1=Gottfried von Cramm \|T2P2=Henner Henkel \|8 \|4 \|6 \|4 \|6 }} \|R4={{ TennisMatch \|T1P1=Franjo Punčec \| \| \| \| \| \|T2P1=Gottfried von Cramm \| \| \| \| \| \|np=}} \|R5={{ TennisMatch \|T1P1=Josip Palada \| \| \| \| \| \|T2P1=Henner Henkel \| \| \| \| \| \|np=}} }}
## Inter-Zonal Final {#inter_zonal_final}
**Australia vs. Germany** `{{DavisCupbox
|team1=Australia
|team2=Germany |team2-var=1935
|venue=[[No. 1 Court (Wimbledon)|No. 1 Court]], [[All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club|All England Club]], [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]], [[England]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.daviscup.com/en/draws-results/tie.aspx?id=M-DC-1936-INZ-M-AUS-GER-01|title=Australia v Germany|publisher=daviscup.com}}</ref>
|date=18–21 July 1936
|surface=Grass
|score1=4
|score2=1
|R1={{ TennisMatch |T1P1=[[Jack Crawford (tennis)|Jack Crawford]] |6 |6 | | | |T2P1=[[Henner Henkel]] |2 |2 | | | |re2=3}}`{=mediawiki} \|R2={{ TennisMatch \|T1P1=Adrian Quist \|6 \|4 \|6 \|4 \|9 \|T2P1=Gottfried von Cramm \|4 \|6 \|4 \|6 \|11 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch \|T1P1=Jack Crawford \|T1P2=Vivian McGrath \|6 \|4 \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Gottfried von Cramm \|T2P2=Henner Henkel \|4 \|6 \|4 \|4 \| }} \|R4={{ TennisMatch \|T1P1=Vivian McGrath \|6 \|5 \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Henner Henkel \|3 \|7 \|4 \|4 \| }} \|R5={{ TennisMatch \|T1P1=Jack Crawford \|6 \|6 \|6 \| \| \|T2P1=Hans Denker \|3 \|1 \|4 \| \| }} \|}}
## Challenge Round {#challenge_round}
**Great Britain vs. Australia** `{{DavisCupbox
|team1=Great Britain
|team2=Australia
|venue=[[Centre Court]], [[All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club|All England Club]], [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]], [[England]]<ref name="Challenge">{{cite news|url=https://www.daviscup.com/en/draws-results/tie.aspx?id=M-DC-1936-WG-CHR-GBR-AUS-01|title=Great Britain v Australia|publisher=daviscup
| 556 |
1936 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
| 0 |
10,150,198 |
# Madison Dearborn Partners
**Madison Dearborn Partners** (**MDP**) is an American private equity firm specializing in leveraged buyouts of privately held or publicly traded companies, or divisions of larger companies; recapitalizations of family-owned or closely held companies; balance sheet restructurings; acquisition financings; and growth capital investments in mature companies. MDP operates using an industry-focused investment approach and focuses on the following sectors: basic industries, business and government software and services, financial & transaction services, health care, and TMT services. Since the founders established MDP as an independent firm in 1992, the firm has raised seven funds with aggregate capital of approximately \$23 billion, and has completed investments in more than 130 companies.
## History
Madison Dearborn Partners was founded in 1992 and is based in Chicago, Illinois. The founders, John A Canning Jr, Paul J. Finnegan, Samuel M. Mencoff, and Nicholas W. Alexos, had previously made private equity investments for First Chicago Bank. The north-east corner of First Chicago\'s then-headquarters was at the intersection of Madison and Dearborn Streets.
Madison Dearborn\'s chairman, John Canning Jr., is also a minority owner of the Milwaukee Brewers baseball team and submitted an ultimately unsuccessful bid to buy the Chicago Cubs
### Investments
In 1998, the firm bought Reiman Publications, based in Greendale, Wisconsin, from Roy Reiman for \$640 million. In 2002, the firm sold Reiman Publications to Reader\'s Digest Association.
Between 2006 and 2007, Madison Dearborn completed leveraged buyout transactions for a number of publicly traded companies, including Asurion, CDW, LA Fitness, Nuveen investments, Sorenson Communications, Univision Communications, VWR International and Yankee Candle.
In 2007, the firm joined with Michael Eisner\'s Tornante investment company to buy out baseball card maker The Topps Company.
In 2014, a plan for MDP to sell Nuveen to TIAA-CREF for \$6.25 billion was announced. While the *Wall Street Journal* cited an anonymous source close to the transaction to the effect that MDP \"will have broken even on the transaction\", Felix Salmon queried that assertion at Reuters. Dan Primack at *Fortune* then published additional information about auxiliary benefits to MDP to buttress the break-even claim.
### Bell Canada {#bell_canada}
In June 2007, Madison Dearborn, Providence Equity Partners and the Ontario Teachers\' Pension Plan agreed to acquire Bell Canada Enterprises (BCE) in what would have been one of the largest leveraged buyouts in history. The transaction was valued at C\$51.7billion (US\$48.5 billion) and was approved on September 21, 2007 by more than 97% shareholder votes cast by holders of common and preferred shares.
Bondholders argued in the Superior Court of Quebec that the deal did not protect their interests. While the court rejected the bondholder\'s arguments, the Quebec Court of Appeal sided with those opposed to the deal. In 2008, the Supreme Court of Canada overruled the Court of Appeal, allowing the deal to move forward.
In December 2008, the deal collapsed after auditing firm KPMG determined that the transaction would create an insolvent entity.
### Investment funds {#investment_funds}
MDP invests through a series of private limited partnerships and its investors include a variety of pension funds, endowments and other institutional investors:
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| Fund | Vintage\ | Committed\ |
| | Year | Capital |
+===================================+==========+===============+
| Madison Dearborn Capital Partners | 1993 | \$550 million |
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| | | |
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| Fund II | 1997 | \$925 million |
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| | | |
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| Fund III | 1999 | \$2.2 billion |
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| | | |
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| Fund IV | 2000 | \$4.1 billion |
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| | | |
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| Fund V | 2006 | \$6.5 billion |
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| | | |
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| Fund VI | 2010 | \$4.1 billion |
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| | | |
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| Fund VII | 2016 | \$4.4 billion |
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| | | |
+-----------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| Fund VIII | 2021 | \$5
| 641 |
Madison Dearborn Partners
| 0 |
10,150,210 |
# 2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
The **2007 Cincinnati Bengals season** was the 38th season for the team in the National Football League (NFL) and their 40th overall season. The team attempted to improve upon their 8--8 record in 2006 and were looking to return to the playoffs after narrowly missing them. They failed to do so, finishing with a 7--9 record.
## Offseason
### Coaching changes {#coaching_changes}
Head coach Marvin Lewis entered his fifth year with the Bengals. He was joined by offensive coordinator Bob Bratkowski and defensive coordinator Chuck Bresnahan.
### Personnel moves {#personnel_moves}
Offseason personnel moves
---------------------------
Transaction
\-\--
\-\--
\-\--
\-\--
\-\--
\-\--
\-\--
Retired
\-\--
\-\--
Released
Signed
Signed
Signed
### NFL draft {#nfl_draft}
### Suspensions
Chris Henry, after repeated off-field run-ins with the law, was suspended for 8 games (half the regular season) after a private meeting with NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell. Chris Henry was arrested for driving without a license and a seatbelt, which led to the meeting with Goodell and his subsequent suspension for 8 games. In May, it was reported he failed a drug test as part of his parole agreement but shortly after the announcement was made it was recanted by the Kentucky police department.
Odell Thurman, another NFL player currently under contract with the Bengals has had legal troubles and still appears to be in trouble with the Bengals as well. Head coach Marvin Lewis repeatedly avoided or refused to speak about his status with the team after Thurman was suspended for all of 2006. When Thurman applied for reinstatement in July 2007 he was denied and was further suspended the entire 2007--08 season. The exact reason for the extension was not specified by the league but many suspect it had to do with a drunk-driving incident earlier that same month. His suspension prompted Hamilton County Municipal Court Judge John Burlew to call the NFL officials \"Hypocrites\" for promoting alcohol sales and consumption during games but punishing players for drinking.
### Off-field incidents {#off_field_incidents}
Levi Jones was involved in an altercation with linebacker Joey Porter of the Miami Dolphins. Allegedly Porter and some others ambushed Levi, physically assaulted and robbed him. Porter was charged with a misdemeanor for assault. Jones characterized the incident as a \"cowardly assault\".
AJ Nicholson was arrested for the second time in as many years but for domestic violence. His wife dropped the charges but due to statutory state laws the state continued to press charges. On the day his arrest was announced he was released a few hours later by the Bengals.
### Important injuries {#important_injuries}
David Pollack, injured last season with a broken neck vertebrae spent the season in rehab with hopes of returning in the 2008--09 season. Pollack later announced his retirement from the NFL.
Kenny Irons, the 2nd round draft pick, experienced a serious knee injury during a preseason game against the Detroit Lions, which forced him onto injured reserve for his rookie year.
Chris Perry experienced another injury which threatens to keep him out the entire season. In August, he was placed on the physically unable to perform list, meaning he had to miss at least six games. In November, Bengals announced that he would remain on the list for the rest of the season.
Eric Henderson fractured his wrist during the preseason against the New Orleans Saints and was put on injured reserve for the rest of the season.
| 569 |
2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
| 0 |
10,150,210 |
# 2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
## Preseason games {#preseason_games}
In the previous preseason the Bengals went 4--0. The Bengals 2007 preseason run ended at 1--3, with its final victory the game against Indianapolis in which neither Carson Palmer nor Peyton Manning came prepared to play.
The preseason started off with a loss to the Detroit Lions at their dome. The big focus was the limited showdown and relationship between Palmer and his former mentor Jon Kitna. The Bengals\' starting team did not score a touchdown in their possessions, walking away with 2 Shayne Graham field goals and a huge time of possession advantage before they were benched. The Lions\' starters did not score a TD during their possessions during that same time. In this game the second-round draft pick, Kenny Irons, experienced his season-ending injury. Detroit went on to win the game.
The second game was against the New Orleans Saints. Again, the starting Bengals offense failed to score a TD and settled for several Shane Graham field goals. LB Henderson suffered a season-ending wrist injury late in the game.
The third game was at the home of the Atlanta Falcons on a Monday night. The starting Bengals played until the 3rd quarter and scored two touchdowns to end their drought. Shayne Graham was injured on a kickoff during an attempted tackle and did not return to kick any PATs or kickoffs, which meant the Bengals made a conversion attempt on 4th down and attempted a 2-point try. Atlanta\'s starting team, led by Joey Harrington since Vick\'s legal troubles will keep him from the team, also managed two touchdowns. The Bengals went on to lose the game.
Their fourth and final game, also their only preseason win, took place on August 31. Neither starting quarterback came prepared to play; though Palmer at least wore his uniform, while Manning dressed up in a Colts polo. Cincinnati scored 14 points in the 3rd quarter, with no score coming from the orange jerseys before or after that quarter. Indianapolis scored 6 in the 4th quarter, falling 8 points short of victory.
| 348 |
2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
| 1 |
10,150,210 |
# 2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
## Personnel
## Roster
## Preseason
+------+------+--------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Week | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | Game site | NFL.com\ |
| | | | | | | recap |
+======+======+====================+==============+========+====================+=======================================================================================================+
| 1 | | at Detroit Lions | **L** 26--27 | 0--1 | Ford Field | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007080901/2007/PRE1/bengals@lions?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+------+--------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | | New Orleans Saints | **L** 19--27 | 0--2 | Paul Brown Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007081804/2007/PRE2/saints@bengals?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+------+--------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | | at Atlanta Falcons | **L** 19--24 | 0--3 | Georgia Dome | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007082700/2007/PRE3/bengals@falcons?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+------+--------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | | Indianapolis Colts | **W** 14--6 | 1--3 | Paul Brown Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007083101/2007/PRE4/colts@bengals?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+------+--------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Schedule
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Week | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | Game site | NFL.com\ |
| | | | | | | recap |
+======+==============+============================+==============+========+==========================+==========================================================================================================+
| 1 | | **Baltimore Ravens** | **W** 27--20 | 1--0 | Paul Brown Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007091000/2007/REG1/ravens@bengals?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | September 16 | at **Cleveland Browns** | **L** 45--51 | 1--1 | Cleveland Browns Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007091601/2007/REG2/bengals@browns?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | September 23 | at Seattle Seahawks | **L** 21--24 | 1--2 | Qwest Field | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007092311/2007/REG3/bengals@seahawks?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | | New England Patriots | **L** 13--34 | 1--3 | Paul Brown Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007100100/2007/REG4/patriots@bengals?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | *Bye* | | | | | |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6 | October 14 | at Kansas City Chiefs | **L** 20--27 | 1--4 | Arrowhead Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007101405/2007/REG6/bengals@chiefs?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 7 | October 21 | New York Jets | **W** 38--31 | 2--4 | Paul Brown Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007102108/2007/REG7/jets@bengals?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 8 | October 28 | **Pittsburgh Steelers** | **L** 13--24 | 2--5 | Paul Brown Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007102802/2007/REG8/steelers@bengals?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 9 | November 4 | at Buffalo Bills | **L** 21--33 | 2--6 | Ralph Wilson Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007110401/2007/REG9/bengals@bills?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 10 | November 11 | at **Baltimore Ravens** | **W** 21--7 | 3--6 | M&T Bank Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007111108/2007/REG10/bengals@ravens?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 11 | November 18 | Arizona Cardinals | **L** 27--35 | 3--7 | Paul Brown Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007111803/2007/REG11/cardinals@bengals?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 12 | November 25 | Tennessee Titans | **W** 35--6 | 4--7 | Paul Brown Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007112502/2007/REG12/titans@bengals?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 13 | December 2 | at **Pittsburgh Steelers** | **L** 10--24 | 4--8 | Heinz Field | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007120213/2007/REG13/bengals@steelers?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 14 | December 9 | St. Louis Rams | **W** 19--10 | 5--8 | Paul Brown Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007120901/2007/REG14/rams@bengals?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 15 | | at San Francisco 49ers | **L** 13--20 | 5--9 | Monster Park | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007121500/2007/REG15/bengals@49ers?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 16 | December 23 | **Cleveland Browns** | **W** 19--14 | 6--9 | Paul Brown Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007122302/2007/REG16/browns@bengals?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 17 | December 30 | at Miami Dolphins | **W** 38--25 | 7--9 | Dolphin Stadium | [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007123007/2007/REG17/bengals@dolphins?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) |
+------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
**Note**: Intra-divisional opponents are in **bold** text
### Standings
| 506 |
2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
| 2 |
10,150,210 |
# 2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Week 1: vs. Baltimore Ravens {#week_1_vs._baltimore_ravens}
#### Game summary {#game_summary}
In their very first Monday Night home opener, the Bengals and their offensive firepower began their 40th Anniversary season in Game 1 of the Monday Night Football doubleheader against the defending AFC North champion Baltimore Ravens, with last year\'s top defense. In the first quarter, Cincinnati managed to cash in on a Raven fumble with QB Carson Palmer completing a 39-yard TD pass to WR Chad Johnson (whose TD celebration was on the sideline, in the form of a Hall of Fame jacket.) Later, the Bengals managed to turn another fumble recovery into points as kicker Shayne Graham kicked a 23-yard field goal. In the second quarter, Baltimore finally managed to score with RB Musa Smith getting a 6-yard TD run. Cincinnati responded with Graham kicking a 40-yard field goal, while Ravens kicker Matt Stover ended the half with a 36-yard field goal.
In the third quarter, the Bengals defense struck big, as OLB Landon Johnson recovered a McNair fumble and returned the ball 34 yards for a touchdown, along with the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, Baltimore took the lead with Stover getting a 23-yard field goal, while Safety Ed Reed returned a punt 63 yards for a touchdown. Cincinnati regained the lead by turning an interception into a score as Palmer completed a 7-yard TD pass to WR T. J. Houshmandzadeh (followed by a successful 2-point conversion by RB Rudi Johnson). After the Ravens managed to recover a Bengal fumble on Cincinnati\'s next drive, Baltimore had one final chance. Eventually, the Bengals held their ground and won.
The Bengals defense had a total of 6 takeaways while the offense only turned over the ball twice. The game was relatively close in score with the final chance to tie up the game coming with a bit more than one minute left on the game clock. The defense held Baltimore out successfully scoring the tying touchdown after they had \"goal to go\" for 8 consecutive plays (after penalties extended their opportunities). Two Bengals linemen, Willie Anderson and Levi Jones, did not play most of this game due to injuries.
With the win, Cincinnati began its season at 1--0.
#### Scoring summary {#scoring_summary}
Q1 -- CIN -- 8:38 -- 39-yard TD pass from Carson Palmer to Chad Johnson (kick failed) (CIN 6--0)
Q1 -- CIN -- 4:07 -- Shayne Graham 23-yard FG (CIN 9--0)
Q2 -- BAL -- 11:56 -- Musa Smith 6-yard TD run (Matt Stover kick) (CIN 9--7)
Q2 -- CIN -- 1:07 -- Shayne Graham 40-yard FG (CIN 12--7)
Q2 -- BAL -- 0:06 -- Matt Stover 36-yard FG (CIN 12--10)
Q3 -- CIN -- 8:57 -- Landon Johnson 34-yard fumble return TD (Graham kick) (CIN 19--10)
Q4 -- BAL -- 14:05 -- Matt Stover 23-yard FG (CIN 19--13)
Q4 -- BAL -- 12:25 -- Ed Reed 63-yard punt return TD (Stover kick) (BAL 20--19)
Q4 -- CIN -- 8:53 -- 7-yard TD pass from Carson Palmer to T. J. Houshmandzadeh (Rudi Johnson 2-point conversion run) (**CIN 27--20**)
| 524 |
2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
| 3 |
10,150,210 |
# 2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Week 2: at Cleveland Browns {#week_2_at_cleveland_browns}
Playing in their second game of the season, the Cincinnati Bengals had a lot of things go wrong. Playing Ohio state rivals Cleveland Browns, the defense looked the exact opposite as they did in week one. Browns quarterback Derek Anderson started and threw for 328 yards and five touchdowns. It was only the third time in NFL history that two quarterbacks had thrown at least five touchdown passes in the same game. Jamal Lewis had 215 yards rushing with one touchdown and the Browns had two receivers with over 100 yards, Braylon Edwards and Kellen Winslow. The Bengals offense tried their best to keep the team in the game, however, as Carson Palmer threw for 6 TD\'s and Chad Johnson caught for 209 yards.
The game started out slowly in the first quarter but the second quarter saw a combined 35 points scored. It was close in the end, when the Bengals started a drive with under one minute left. They managed to get the ball to the 50-yard line when Carson Palmer was intercepted by Leigh Bodden on an intended pass for Chad Johnson. This game ended up being the eighth highest scoring game in NFL history, but not the highest scoring game between these two teams. In 2004, the Bengals beat the Browns 58--48 for the second-most combined points. The Redskins (72) and Giants (41) combined for 113 points in 1966 for the most.
#### Scoring summary {#scoring_summary_1}
Q1 -- CIN -- 10:40 -- 13-yard TD pass from Carson Palmer to Rudi Johnson (Shayne Graham kick) (CIN 7--0)
Q1 -- CLE -- 5:02 -- Phil Dawson 39-yard FG (CIN 7--3)
Q1 -- CLE -- 0:09 -- Phil Dawson 39-yard FG (CIN 7--6)
Q2 -- CLE -- 11:02 -- 17-yard TD pass from Derek Anderson to Joe Jurevicius (Dawson kick) (CLE 13--7)
Q2 -- CIN -- 7:40 -- 23-yard TD pass from Carson Palmer to T. J. Houshmandzadeh (Graham kick) (CIN 14--13)
Q2 -- CLE -- 6:37 -- 9-yard TD pass from Derek Anderson to Joe Jurevicius (Dawson kick) (CLE 20--14)
Q2 -- CIN -- 3:12 -- 22-yard TD pass from Carson Palmer to Chad Johnson (Graham kick) (CIN 21--20)
Q2 -- CLE -- 1:11 -- 25-yard TD pass from Derek Anderson to Kellen Winslow (Dawson kick) (CLE 27--21)
Q3 -- CIN -- 12:13 -- Shayne Graham 20-yard FG (CLE 27--24)
Q3 -- CLE -- 8:24 -- 34-yard TD pass from Derek Anderson to Braylon Edwards (Dawson kick) (CLE 34--24)
Q3 -- CIN -- 6:18 -- 14-yard TD pass from Carson Palmer to Chad Johnson (Graham kick) (CLE 34--31)
Q3 -- CLE -- 6:04 -- Jamal Lewis 66-yard TD run (Dawson kick) (CLE 41--31)
Q3 -- CIN -- 0:53 -- 5-yard TD pass from Carson Palmer to T. J. Houshmandzadeh (Graham kick) (CLE 41--38)
Q4 -- CLE -- 10:07 -- 37-yard TD pass from Derek Anderson to Braylon Edwards (Dawson kick) (CLE 48--38)
Q4 -- CLE -- 5:47 -- Phil Dawson 18-yard FG (CLE 51--38)
Q4 -- CIN -- 3:45 -- 7-yard TD pass from Carson Palmer to Glenn Holt (Graham kick) (**CLE 51--45**)
### Week 3: at Seattle Seahawks {#week_3_at_seattle_seahawks}
Following their embarrassing divisional road loss, the Bengals flew to Qwest Field for an interconference fight with the Seattle Seahawks. The Seahawks won the toss, opted to receive the ball, and then proceeded to return the opening kickoff deep into Cincinnati territory.
Seahawk QB Matt Hasselbeck completed an 18-yard TD pass to WR Bobby Engram on that drive. Cincinnati responded with QB Carson Palmer completing a 35-yard TD pass to WR T. J. Houshmandzadeh. In the second quarter, the Bengals took the lead with kicker Shayne Graham getting a 43-yard field goal. However, Seattle took the lead with Hasselbeck completing a 42-yard TD to WR Deion Branch.
In the third quarter, Cincinnati struck back with LB Lemar Marshall sacked Hasselbeck in his own end zone for a safety, along with the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, the Bengals took the lead with Graham getting a 24-yard field goal. The Seahawks responded with kicker Josh Brown getting a 23-yard field goal, while Cincinnati retook the lead with RB Kenny Watson getting an 8-yard TD run (with a failed 2-point conversion). However, Seattle took the lead with Hasselbeck completing a 22-yard TD pass to WR Nate Burleson. The Bengals\' special teams unit tried to get Palmer and his offense decent field position, but WR Glenn Holt fumbled the return at their own 29-yard line, allowing the Seahawks to recover the ball for the win.
Watson came into the game because Rudi Johnson was injured. Leon Hall got his first NFL interception. Houshmandzadeh and Chad Johnson both gained more than 125 yards each receiving. Levi Jones saw his most extensive playing time so far in the season after an injury to Stacey Andrews forced the offensive line to be reshuffled. T
With the loss, Cincinnati fell to 1--2.
Scoring summary
-----------------
Q
### Week 4: vs. New England Patriots {#week_4_vs._new_england_patriots}
Trying to stop a two-game skid, the Bengals went home for their second Monday Night game of the year. They wore their alternate uniforms as they played against the New England Patriots. In the first quarter, Cincinnati trailed early as Patriots kicker Stephen Gostkowski got a 31-yard field goal, while QB Tom Brady completed a 1-yard TD pass to LB Mike Vrabel. In the second quarter, the Bengals managed to get on the board with QB Carson Palmer completing a 1-yard TD pass to WR T. J. Houshmandzadeh. However, New England responded with Brady completing a 7-yard TD pass to WR Randy Moss. Near the end of the 2nd quarter, the Bengals had a chance to get closer to the Pats, but a miscommunication between Palmer and Chad Johnson resulted in a New England interception. Palmer and Johnson argued on the sidelines and all the way back to the locker room.
In the third quarter, Cincinnati continued to struggle as Patriots RB Sammy Morris getting a 7-yard TD run. The Bengals\' only response was kicker Shayne Graham nailing a 40-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, New England increased its lead with Gostkowski kicking a 36-yard field goal. Cincinnati\'s final response was Graham kicking a 48-yard field goal. Afterwards, the Patriots sealed the win with Brady and Moss hooking up with each other again on a 14-yard TD pass.
With their third-straight loss, the Bengals entered their bye week at 1--3. It also marked Cincinnati\'s 5th loss to New England in the last 6 meetings. After the game, Marvin Lewis was heard yelling at his players for their 1--3 record. He called a team meeting a few days later and said that \"anyone who doesn\'t want to play shouldn\'t show up\".
Scoring summary
-----------------
Q
| 1,144 |
2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
| 4 |
10,150,210 |
# 2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Week 6: at Kansas City Chiefs {#week_6_at_kansas_city_chiefs}
Coming off of their bye week with hopes to turn their season around, the Bengals flew to Arrowhead Stadium for a Week 6 duel with the Kansas City Chiefs. In the first quarter, Cincinnati trailed early as Chiefs kicker Dave Rayner kicked a 32-yard field goal. The Bengals responded with QB Carson Palmer completing a 42-yard TD pass to WR T. J. Houshmandzadeh. However, Kansas City responded with QB Damon Huard completing a 3-yard TD pass to TE Tony Gonzalez. In the second quarter, Cincinnati continued to struggle as Chiefs RB Larry Johnson got an 8-yard TD run, along with Rayner ending the half with a 20-yard field goal.
After a scoreless third quarter, the Bengals tried to make a comeback in the fourth quarter as kicker Shayne Graham got a 33-yard field goal. After Kansas City increased its lead with Huard and Gonzalez hooking up with each other again on a 26-yard TD pass, Cincinnati got within striking distance as Palmer and Houshmandzadeh hooked up with each other again on a 30-yard TD pass, along with Graham\'s 36-yard field goal. The Chiefs held on to get the win.
With their fourth-straight loss, the Bengals fell to 1--4. It also marked the first time in the Marvin Lewis era that Cincinnati had lost four-straight games.
Scoring summary
-----------------
Q
### Week 7: vs. New York Jets {#week_7_vs._new_york_jets}
Trying to snap a four-game skid, the Bengals went home for a Week 7 intraconference duel, as they hosted the New York Jets for the first time in a decade. In the first quarter, Cincinnati trailed early as Jets QB Chad Pennington completed a 57-yard TD pass to WR Laveranues Coles. The Bengals responded with kicker Shayne Graham getting a 20-yard field goal. In the second quarter, New York increased its lead with kicker Mike Nugent getting a 24-yard and a 35-yard field goal. Cincinnati responded with RB Kenny Watson getting a 3-yard TD run. The Jets ended the half with Pennington and Coles hooking up with each other again on a 36-yard field goal.
In the third quarter, New York added onto its lead with Nugent kicking a 43-yard field goal. Afterwards, the Bengals responded with QB Carson Palmer completing a 3-yard TD pass to WR T. J. Houshmandzadeh. In the fourth quarter, Cincinnati\'s offense took over as Watson added a 1-yard and a 2-yard TD run on to his magnificent day. Afterwards, the Bengals defense sealed the win with CB Johnathan Joseph returning an interception 42 yards for a touchdown. Afterwards, the Jets end the game with Pennington completing a 32-yard TD pass to WR Jerricho Cotchery.
With their four-game skid snapped, Cincinnati kept its playoff hopes alive by improving to 2--4.
### Week 8: vs. Pittsburgh Steelers {#week_8_vs._pittsburgh_steelers}
Coming off their home win over the Jets, the Bengals stayed at home for an AFC North clash with the Pittsburgh Steelers. In the first quarter, Cincinnati struck first with kicker Shayne Graham getting a 31-yard field goal. However, the Steelers responded with QB Ben Roethlisberger completing a 21-yard TD pass to WR Hines Ward. In the second quarter, the Bengals struggled as Roethlisberger and Ward hooked up with each other again on a 6-yard TD pass. Cincinnati answered with Graham kicking a 20-yard field goal. Pittsburgh ended the first half with RB Willie Parker getting a 1-yard TD run.
After a scoreless third quarter, the Bengals tried to come back as QB Carson Palmer completed a 9-yard TD pass to WR T. J. Houshmandzadeh in the fourth quarter. Pittsburgh sealed the win with kicker Jeff Reed nailing a 40-yard field goal.
With the loss, Cincinnati fell to 2--5.
### Week 9: at Buffalo Bills {#week_9_at_buffalo_bills}
Hoping to rebound from their divisional home loss to the Steelers, the Bengals flew to Ralph Wilson Stadium for a Week 9 intraconference duel with the Buffalo Bills. In the first quarter, Cincinnati trailed early as Bills QB J. P. Losman completed an 8-yard TD pass to WR Lee Evans. The Bengals answered with QB Carson Palmer completing a 15-yard TD pass to WR T. J. Houshmandzadeh. In the second quarter, Buffalo retook the lead with kicker Rian Lindell getting a 23-yard field goal. Immediately afterwards, Cincinnati took the lead as WR/KR Glenn Holt returned a kickoff 100 yards for a touchdown. The Bills ended the half with Lindell getting a 21-yard field goal.
In the third quarter, Buffalo regained the lead with Lindell kicking a 29-yard field goal. Afterwards, the Bengals went back into the lead with Palmer completing a 1-yard TD pass to FB Jeremi Johnson. Cincinnati\'s struggles continued, with Lindell nailing a 38-yard field goal, along with RB Marshawn Lynch completing an 8-yard TD pass to TE Robert Royal & getting a 56-yard TD run.
With the loss, the Bengals fell to 2--6.
### Week 10: at Baltimore Ravens {#week_10_at_baltimore_ravens}
Trying to snap a two-game losing skid, the Bengals flew to M&T Bank Stadium for an AFC North rematch with the Baltimore Ravens. After a scoreless first quarter, Cincinnati drew first blood in the second quarter as kicker Shayne Graham managed to get a 34-yard and a 19-yard field goal. Ravens quarterback Steve McNair continued to struggle, with an interception and several fumbles. In the third quarter, the Bengals increased its lead with Graham kicking a 22-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, Cincinnati pulled away with Graham nailed two 35-yarders, a 21-yarder, and a 33-yard field goal. The Ravens managed to avoid a shutout loss with RB Willis McGahee getting a 1-yard TD run.
With their season-sweep over Baltimore, the Bengals improved to 3--6.
Shayne Graham\'s seven field goals set a franchise record.
| 958 |
2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
| 5 |
10,150,210 |
# 2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Week 11: vs. Arizona Cardinals {#week_11_vs._arizona_cardinals}
Coming off their season-sweep over the Ravens, the Bengals went home a Week 11 interconference duel with the Arizona Cardinals. In the first quarter, Cincinnati struck first with QB Carson Palmer completing a 19-yard TD pass to WR T.J. Houshmandzadeh. The Cardinals answered with CB Antrel Rolle returning an interception 55 yards for a touchdown. In the second quarter, the Bengals regained the lead with kicker Shayne Graham getting a 41-yard field goal. However, Arizona took the lead with QB Kurt Warner completing a 44-yard TD pass to WR Anquan Boldin. Cincinnati responded with Graham kicking a 38-yard field goal, but the Cardinals increased their lead with Warner completing a 5-yard TD pass to WR Larry Fitzgerald.
In the third quarter, the Bengals trailed as RB Edgerrin James gave Arizona a 3-yard TD run. Cincinnati tried to rally as Palmer completed a 37-yard TD pass to WR Chris Henry, while RB DeDe Dorsey returned a blocked punt 19 yards for a touchdown. The Cardinals sealed the win with Rolle returning an interception 54 yards for a touchdown.
With the loss, the Bengals fell to 3--7.
### Week 12: vs. Tennessee Titans {#week_12_vs._tennessee_titans}
Hoping to rebound from their loss to the Cardinals, the Bengals stayed at home, donned their alternate uniforms, and played a Week 12 duel with the Tennessee Titans. In the first quarter, Cincinnati pounced first with RB Rudi Johnson getting a 5-yard TD run for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Titans answered with kicker Rob Bironas getting a 28-yard field goal. The Bengals responded with QB Carson Palmer completing a 10-yard TD pass to WR Chad Johnson. Tennessee ended the half with Bironas nailing a 23-yard field goal.
In the third quarter, Cincinnati began to pull away as RB Kenny Watson managed to get a 6-yard TD run, while Palmer hooked up with Chad Johnson on a 2-yard TD pass. In the fourth quarter, the Bengals sealed the victory with Palmer hooking up with Chad for the third time on a 3-yard TD pass.
With the win, Cincinnati improved to 4--7.
Chad Johnson (12 receptions for 103 yards and 3 touchdowns) ended the game as the Bengals\' All-Time receptions leader with 531. Also, this marked the third time in his career that he caught 3 touchdown passes in one game.
### Week 13: at Pittsburgh Steelers {#week_13_at_pittsburgh_steelers}
Coming off their dominating home win over the Titans, the Bengals flew to Heinz Field for a Week 13 AFC North rematch with the Pittsburgh Steelers. In the first quarter, Cincinnati took the early lead as RB Rudi Johnson got a 1-yard TD run for the only score of the period. However, in the second quarter, the Steelers took the lead as QB Ben Roethlisberger got a 6-yard TD run, along with kicker Jeff Reed getting a 21-yard field goal. Pittsburgh ended the half as Roethlisberger completed a 2-yard TD pass to WR Hines Ward. In the third quarter, the Bengals tried to get back into the game as kicker Shayne Graham nailed a 24-yard TD pass, yet Pittsburgh replied with Roethlisberger and Ward hooking up with each other again on an 8-yard TD pass.
With the loss, Cincinnati fell to 4--8.
For QB Carson Palmer, one week after completing a career-best 84.2% of his passes against Tennessee, he completed a career-worst 38.6% of his passes.
### Week 14: vs. St. Louis Rams {#week_14_vs._st._louis_rams}
Hoping to rebound from their divisional road loss to the Steelers, the Bengals went home for a Week 14 interconference duel with the St. Louis Rams. In the first quarter, Cincinnati drew first blood as RB Rudi Johnson got a 1-yard TD run for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Bengals increased their lead with Kicker Shayne Graham getting a 27-yard field goal for the only score of the period.
In the third quarter, the Rams got on the board as CB Fakhir Brown returned an interception 36 yards for a touchdown. Afterwards, Cincinnati responded with Graham kicking a 38-yard and a 32-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, St. Louis tried to come back as kicker Jeff Wilkins kicked a 50-yard field goal. Afterwards, the Bengals ended the game with Graham nailing a 46-yard field goal.
With the win, Cincinnati improved to 5--8 and outright 3rd place in the AFC North with the Ravens\' loss.
### Week 15: at San Francisco 49ers {#week_15_at_san_francisco_49ers}
Coming off their home win over the Rams, the Bengals flew to Bill Walsh Field at Monster Park for a Saturday night interconference duel with the San Francisco 49ers. After a scoreless first quarter, Cincinnati trailed early in the second quarter as 49ers QB Shaun Hill got a 3-yard TD run. Afterwards, the Bengals took the lead as kicker Shayne Graham managed to get a 24-yard field goal, while QB Carson Palmer completed a 52-yard TD pass to WR Chris Henry. San Francisco ended the half with Hill completing a 17-yard TD pass to TE Vernon Davis.
In the third quarter, the 49ers increased their lead with kicker Joe Nedney getting a 29-yard and a 38-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, Cincinnati tried to respond as Graham kicked a 35-yard field goal. However, the 49ers\' defense held on for the win.
With the loss, the Bengals fell to 5--9, securing Head Coach Marvin Lewis\' first losing season with Cincinnati.
| 914 |
2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
| 6 |
10,150,210 |
# 2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Week 16: vs. Cleveland Browns {#week_16_vs._cleveland_browns}
Hoping to rebound from their road loss to the 49ers, the Bengals played their final home game of the year in a Week 16 AFC North rematch with the Cleveland Browns. After a scoreless first quarter, Cincinnati slashed away in the second quarter as kicker Shayne Graham nailed a 29-yard field goal and QB Carson Palmer completing a 5-yard TD pass to WR T.J. Houshmandzadeh, along with RB Kenny Watson getting a 1-yard TD run.
In the third quarter, the Browns began to fight back as QB Derek Anderson completing a 2-yard TD pass to WR Braylon Edwards for the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, Cleveland drew closer with Anderson and Edwards hooking up with each other again on a 5-yard TD pass. Afterwards, the Bengals held on for the win.
With the win, Cincinnati improved to 6--9.
### Week 17: at Miami Dolphins {#week_17_at_miami_dolphins}
Coming off their home victory over the Browns, the Bengals closed out their season at Dolphin Stadium in a Week 17 intraconference duel with the Miami Dolphins. In the first quarter, Cincinnati trailed early as Dolphins kicker Jay Feely kicked a 49-yard field goal. The Bengals responded with QB Carson Palmer completing a 2-yard TD pass to WR Chad Johnson. In the second quarter, Miami took the lead with QB Cleo Lemon completing a 5-yard TD pass to WR Ted Ginn Jr., yet Cincinnati replied with Palmer and C. Johnson hooking up with each other again on a 70-yard TD pass, including a 4-yard TD pass to WR Antonio Chatman.
In the third quarter, the Bengals increased their lead with Safety Chinedum Ndukwe returning a fumble 54 yards for a touchdown, along with the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, the Dolphins tried to come back as QB John Beck got a 2-yard TD run, yet Cincinnati pulled away with RB Kenny Watson getting a 2-yard TD run and kicker Shayne Graham nailing a 30-yard field goal. Miami ended the game with Beck completing a 22-yard TD pass to WR Derek Hagan.
With the win, the Bengals closed out their season at 7--9
| 371 |
2007 Cincinnati Bengals season
| 7 |
10,150,224 |
# Caraz District
The **Caraz District** (*\'\'\'Distrito de Caraz\'\'\'*) is one of 10 districts of the Huaylas Province in the Ancash Region of Peru. The capital of the district is Caraz. Its elevation is 2,285 m. In Caraz, the paved road comes from Pativilca.
The snow-capped mountains of Tullparahu (6,356 m), Pukarahu (6,259 m), Allpamayu (6,120 m) and others, constitute a splendid frame for the city. Near Parun Lake the snow summits are reflected. There are also mineral-medicinal springs like Colca and Shongor.
The settlers produce wool textiles, carpets, ponchos, straw fabrics and the renowned fruit and manjarblanco sweets known as *cuarteados*.
Departing from Caraz to the north, the Santa River is crossed to arrive to the Cañón del Pato. The Callejón de Huaylas has become narrow between the highest and vertical walls of rock, without any vegetation and, in this stretch, the rocks of the Cordillera Blanca and Cordillera Negra come closer (less than 5 m of distance).
To arrive to Huallanca, at the north end of the Callejón de Huaylas, 33 tunnels must be passed in a trip of 25 km, in which the Santa River breaks, roaring, the Cordillera Negra, to flow to the sea.
In Huallanca, 1,410 msnm, the hydroelectric power station of the Cañón del Pato is located. In this place, the highway that goes up to Chimbote began. This highway is planned over the ancient embankment of the railroad Chimbote-Huallanca that was destroyed by a cataclysm in 1970. In this place, it also began the highway that leads to the Callejón de Conchucos.
## Geography
The district is located in the south-eastern part of the province at an elevation of 2,285m, 67 km from the regions capital Huaraz.
The Cordillera Blanca traverses the district. Some of the highest mountains of the district are listed below:
- Artesonraju
- Chakrarahu
- Pirámide
- Putaqa
- Qaras
- Qarwa Pampa
- Rukutu Punta
- Wamanpinta
- Tullparahu
## History
The district was founded by Don Simón Bolívar on December 29, 1856
| 335 |
Caraz District
| 0 |
10,150,234 |
# Kill A Watt
The **Kill A Watt** (a pun on *kilowatt*) is an electricity usage monitor manufactured by Prodigit Electronics and sold by P3 International. It measures the energy used by devices plugged directly into the meter, as opposed to in-home energy use displays, which display the energy used by an entire household. The LCD shows voltage; current; true, reactive, and apparent power; power factor (for sinusoidal waveform); energy consumed in kWh; and hours connected. Some models display estimated cost.
Having a NEMA 5-15 plug and receptacle, and rated for 115 VAC (maximum 125 VAC), the Kill A Watt is sold for the North American market. The unit is manufactured by the Taiwanese company Prodigit, which also makes 230 VAC models of similar appearance and functionality for European Schuko, U.K. BS 1363 and Australian AS 3112 receptacles, and a model compatible with 100 VAC for the Japanese market (2022-04, marketed there as the Watt Checker \[ワットチェッカー\] Plus by other companies). The basic models support current up to 15 A, power up to 1,875 W (the 230 VAC equivalents also allow up to 15 A, corresponding to 3,750 W).
The device can give an indication of the standby power used by appliances.
## Models
There are several models of Kill A Watt meters:
### P4400
This is the original, most basic version, based on the Prodigit 2000M. From the time it is plugged in, it measures:
- Voltage (Volts)
- Current (Amperes)
- Power (Watts)
- Energy Used (Kilowatt-hours)
- Frequency (Hertz)
- Apparent power (Volt-amperes)
- Power factor
- Elapsed time
The power setting displays instantaneous power, and the kilowatt-hour setting displays energy consumed since last reset. When electricity is disconnected, the P4400\'s measurements and meters are reset. To reset Kill A Watt models that store values, press Volt and Amp together, or press the Reset key in some models.
### P4460 Kill A Watt EZ {#p4460_kill_a_watt_ez}
This is an enhanced version, based on the Prodigit 2022, which includes a backup battery to store measurements even when disconnected from electricity. It has the same capabilities as the P4400, and can be programmed with electricity cost information, which enables it to display the cost of the electricity consumed since reset. From this, it can calculate cost per hour, day, week, month, or year.
### P4320 Kill A Watt PS {#p4320_kill_a_watt_ps}
This model, based on the Prodigit 2024, is integrated into an eight-outlet power strip. Unlike the other models, it does not display frequency or apparent power. It protects against surges and EMI, has a configurable overcurrent shutdown limit, and also measures earth leakage current; one version acts as an earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB). It switches power on or off at an AC zero crossing, minimizing current surges and interference.
| 460 |
Kill A Watt
| 0 |
10,150,234 |
# Kill A Watt
## Variations
Although identical externally, there have been several different versions of the Kill A Watt and Prodigit equivalents, all essentially of the same design, but with different PCB layout, packaging, and components.
### User modifications {#user_modifications}
One shortcoming of the Kill-a-Watt range of devices is that they do not have the ability to store, transmit or transfer the readings, thus limiting their usage for any ongoing monitoring purposes. To counter this shortcoming, a couple of openly available modifications have been published on the Web, to enable these devices send data wirelessly to a receiver.
A circuit diagram has been drawn up.
#### Tweet-a-watt {#tweet_a_watt}
The Tweet-a-watt is a hacked version of the standard Kill-A-Watt Plug in Power Meter. By piggybacking on the device\'s on-board LM2902N op-amp chip, the creator was able to get readings for voltage and current and transmit to a computer, which then sent this to Twitter via handle \@tweetawatt. At the time it gained quite a lot of interest on the Web, but interest waned after some time. The last tweet from this handle was in March 2010.
#### WattMote
Following the usefulness of the Tweet-a-Watt, designs for the WattMote were released on the Web by another hobbyist, Felix Rusu at LowPowerLab. The modifications use a customized clone of the Arduino chip known as the Moteino, making this version much cheaper, and requires much less soldering than the original design. Further optimizations on the design were done by Mike Tranchemontage, his designs featured a more robust power supply unit to the moteino chip, avoid problems capacitors which discharged too slowly with the original design.
#### Standby power {#standby_power}
Most plug-in wattmeters are not useful for measuring standby power, also called vampire power if the device in standby is not doing anything useful such as being prepared to wake under timer control. Many meters only have a resolution of 1W when reading power; the Kill-a-Watts read down to 0.1W, but this is still too coarse for measuring low standby power. Modification to read standby power has been described and discussed in detail (with oscilloscope waveforms and measurements). Essentially, the meter\'s shunt resistor, used to generate a voltage proportional to load current, is replaced by a much larger value, typically 100 times larger, with protective diodes. Readings of the modified meter have to be divided by the resistance factor (e.g. 100), and maximum measurable power is reduced by the same factor
| 407 |
Kill A Watt
| 1 |
10,150,252 |
# Münsterhausen
**Münsterhausen** is a municipality in the district of Günzburg in Bavaria in Germany
| 15 |
Münsterhausen
| 0 |
10,150,269 |
# BBC-3 (TV series)
***BBC-3*** is a BBC television programme, devised and produced by Ned Sherrin and hosted by Robert Robinson, which aired for twenty-four hour-long editions during the winter of 1965--1966.
It was the third in a line of weekend satire-and-chat shows, successor to *That Was the Week That Was* and *Not So Much a Programme, More a Way of Life*, though David Frost did not participate in this series.
Regular performers included John Bird, Eleanor Bron, Lynda Baron, David Battley, Roy Dotrice, Bill Oddie, and Leonard Rossiter. Guests included Millicent Martin and Alan Bennett. The musical director was Dave Lee. With its white sets, *BBC-3* retained the look of its predecessor, *Not So Much a Programme*. Its name was a reference to the BBC\'s second channel, BBC2, which had started the previous year.
## Swearing
In the edition of 13 November 1965, during a discussion on theatre censorship in which Robert Robinson and Mary McCarthy also participated, Kenneth Tynan supposedly became the first person to say \"fuck\" on British television. (Although research indicates that the word was used twice before, once by Brendan Behan.) He claimed, perhaps disingenuously, that the word no longer shocked anyone. The storm which resulted forced the BBC to make a public apology for Tynan\'s comments. No recording of the incident is known to exist
| 221 |
BBC-3 (TV series)
| 0 |
10,150,271 |
# Bee Creek Massacre
The **Bee Creek Massacre** occurred in December 1861, when Union Army troops of the 18th Missouri Infantry Regiment summarily executed two Confederate prisoners of war.
Southern bushwhacker Silas M. Gordon had been operating out of Platte County, Missouri for several months before regional Federal military authorities attempted to capture him and his followers. In November 1861, two Federal soldiers were killed near the Bee Creek Bridge, a few miles north of Weston, Missouri.
By mid-December, elements of the 18th Missouri Infantry had seized neighboring Platte City and captured three Confederate soldiers: Black Triplett, Gabriel Close, and William Kuykendall. The captives were either on furlough or had returned home after their enlistment ended. In his history of Platte County, W. M. Paxton, a resident, related that he spoke to the 18th Missouri\'s colonel, W. James Morgan, asking on behalf of Triplett\'s father that he be allowed to speak with his son. Morgan\'s reply was, \"Yes, God damn him! Let him say now what he pleases, for he will never see him alive again.\"
Morgan took Triplett and Close near Bee Creek Bridge. Triplett stood and was shot. Close, with his arms bound, fled to the nearby creek bed, where he quickly became mired in the mud. A Federal soldier descended upon him and bayoneted him to death. The letters \"U.S.\" were scrawled in Triplett\'s blood on the bridge. The third prisoner, William Kuykendall, was spared
| 238 |
Bee Creek Massacre
| 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.