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# Killincarrig
**Killincarrig** (`{{irish place name|Coillín na Carraige|little wood of the rock}}`{=mediawiki}) is a village between Greystones and Delgany in North County Wicklow. It lies at the crossroads (now a mini-roundabout) of the R762 and the R761 roads. Like neighbouring Delgany it has been steadily built up over the past 40 years and now forms part of the continuous urban area of Greystones.
## History
Killincarrig predates Greystones village. Some of its historical sites are the 16th-century ruins of an Elizabethan manor House called Killincarrig Castle, and an 18th-century Flour Mill. Killincarrig had one of Ireland's oldest Cherry Orchards which had 200 trees. The town also had a brewery at around 1815 owned by the Jones family.
An early mention of Killincarrig can be found in Samual Lewis \"A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland (1837)\". He says:
*\"KILLINCARRIG, a village, in the parish of DELGANY, barony of RATHDOWN, county of WICKLOW, and province of LEINSTER, ½ a mile (E. N. E.) from Delgany, on the road from Bray to Wicklow; containing 23 houses and 168 inhabitants. Killincarrick House, the seat of A. Jones, Esq., is situated in grounds tastefully laid out and commanding very fine mountain and sea views: in the demesne are the ivy-clad remains of an ancient castle, in which several silver coins of William III. were discovered in 1833. Mr. Jones has an extensive flour-mill here.\"*
### Killincarrig Castle {#killincarrig_castle}
Killincarrig still holds the ruins of an Elizabethan manor house known today as Killincarrig Castle.
Killincarrig Castle was constructed in the early 16th Century. It was owned by one Henry Walsh, of the Anglo-Irish Walsh family who were influential in North Wicklow and South Dublin. Their primary homestead was a castle at Carrickmines. At the time Killincarrig Castle would have been a fine home. The 1657 Down Survey mentions that it was the \"finest building in the half barony\".
The story has it that Oliver Cromwell stayed several nights at Killincarrig Castle and that during this stay his horse was stolen by locals. In response, he is said to have set out for Kindlestown Castle. The garrison had fled to Arklow so he sacked it before following them south to Arklow to continue the fight.
Today Killincarrig Castle it's surrounded on three corners by private houses, and the land on which it sits is privately owned.
### The Old Mill {#the_old_mill}
The Old Mill is now a dilapidated building visible behind the Aldi supermarket on Mill Road. Killincarrig's Mill tells the story of the economy of the time. Foster\'s Corn Law of 1784 brought about a big increase in the production of grain in Ireland. Ordnance Survey maps from 1840 show four corn mills around Greystones. The earliest mention of Killincarrig's mill was in 1837 Lewis Topographical Directory under the heading of \'Killincarrig\'. Lewis notes that "Arthur Jones Esq" has "an extensive mill here". Later it was known as Courtney\'s Mill. It became part of the Burnaby Estate and now belongs to Wicklow County Council.
### The Hawkins Whitshed family {#the_hawkins_whitshed_family}
Killincarrig\'s landowner at one time was the Hawkins Whitshed family. They owned the first Killincarrick House, which was demolished at the end of the 19th century and is now the location of Greystones Golf Club. The Hawkins Whitshed family built a new Killincarrick House (Later became The Woodlands Hotel) closer to Greystones village, which was home to the trailblazing Mountaineer Elizabeth Hawkins-Whitshed. Note that there is a third Killincarrig House that was gifted to Hawkins-Whitshed's farm manager, Wilfred Evans, in the 1960s. It was already in disrepair and since then has lain vacant
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# Rauhenebrach
**Rauhenebrach** is a municipality in the district of Haßberge in Bavaria in Germany
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# Alden-Conger High School
**Alden-Conger High School** is a public high school located in Alden, Minnesota, United States.
The first school district in Alden was formed in 1870.
**Open Enrollment** began at Alden-Conger during the 1990--1991 school year. Roughly half of the students that attend are open-enrolled students from other districts. Bus routes bring in students from Albert Lea, Kiester, New Richland, and Freeborn.
## Renovations
The initial school was a three-story building. The area where the football field, playgrounds, and baseball field are now used to be a cow pasture owned by a farmhouse located down the street from the school. There were also a fifth grade classroom and a sixth grade classroom located across the street from the school. Most of the second floor of the old school housed a home economics classroom. The workshop on the first floor was later replaced by the library/media center.
The Alden United Methodist Church, which was once located next to the school, was removed in order to create a staff parking lot.
In 1939, the school put together a fundraiser in order to add floodlights to the football field. The fundraiser was a success, and the lights were added.
July 2009 saw the addition of the LeVerne Carlson Fitness Center, which is still in use today.
In 2016, an addition was added to the north end of the building with a new elementary entrance, office, and classrooms.
## Sports history {#sports_history}
In 1939 Alden-Conger had its first year of baseball. During the same year, the football team didn\'t lose a single home game, leaving them with five wins and three losses.
In 1940 track started with the first coach, Mr. H. Johnson.
The previous school mascot, the Blackhawks, changed in 1987 and became the Knights when the teams paired up with Freeborn High School. The elementary gymnasium/cafeteria is still called the \"Blackhawks Gym\".
Some of Alden-Conger\'s teams are combined with nearby schools. Their wrestling team is combined with Albert Lea High School; cheerleading, softball, baseball, and football teams are combined with Glenville-Emmons High School; and their cross country and track teams are combined with United South Central High School. Albert Lea High School also allows students from nearby districts join their other teams.
## Football
In 1946, the football team were undefeated during the Gopher Conference. They also were the Border League Champions in 1963. Then, in 1978, the Alden-Conger Blackhawks brought home a Class C State Championship. Later, they were Section 1 Champions of 1986. The next year, they made it one game away from state.
On September 13, 2014, Alden-Conger broke a 25-game losing streak against Heron Lake Okabena. The last win before that was in 2011.
Alden-Conger combined with Glenville Emmons High School during the 2018--2019 school year. The next year, ACGE went 0--9 in scoring. 2019-2020 also saw the addition of Casey Soost as the head football coach. The team switched from a 9-man team to an 11-man team.
At the beginning of the 2020--2021 school year, the first game was cancelled due to the COVID-19 Coronavirus.
## Basketball
Alden-Conger Freeborn lost in the section finals vs. Rushford Peterson in 1988.
The last time that the girls\' basketball team went to state was in 1996--1997.
The Alden-Conger team has been combined with the Glenville Emmons team since 2018.
As of 2020, Chris Johansen is the men\'s Leading Scorer for Alden-Conger. His career point record is 1564 total points.
During the 2020--2021 season, the MSHSL board approved the Maximized Winter Season with 30% reduction in contests (with a maximum of two per week), allowing three contests in the last two weeks for Covid-related rescheduling.
## Trap shooting {#trap_shooting}
Alden-Conger joined the Minnesota State High School Clay Target League in 2012. Before that, FFA members had been competing in fall invitationals hosted by other FFA chapters across southern Minnesota. The Clay Target League in Alden-Conger is unique in that students from 6-12 grades are allowed to join, as opposed to just the high school students.
The Alden-Conger team has had 7 students named to the MSHSCTL All-State Team.
In 2019, the team placed 3rd at the National High School Clay Target Championship in Mason, MI.
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# Alden-Conger High School
## Supermileage
The Supermileage program began in 1992. Students in grades 7-12 can join.
The Alden-Conger team has taken part in several national competitions. They have been to London three times (2016, 2017, 2019), Italy once (2017), Sonoma, CA twice, Detroit, MI three times, and Houston, TX three times.
In 2016, the Alden-Conger team finished in first place in the Urban Concept Diesel category at the Shell Eco-Marathon in Detroit. This earned the team their first trip to London to compete in the first-ever Drivers World Championship. Driver Isaac Sorensen made a last-second pass of American rival Mater Dei to earn 3rd place in the world. The team has also achieved several first-place finishes in the State Supermileage competition at Brainerd, MN
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# Charlie Callander
**Charlie Callander** was a long time Property Steward and Committee member of the Richmond Football Club.
He served as Richmond\'s Property Steward/Consultant for sixty-three seasons, from 1924 until 1986. During this time he also acted as the VFL Property Steward from 1946 to 1964 and served on the Richmond Football Club Committee from 1945 to 1974. He was Patron of Richmond from 1975 until 1986.
He was made a life member of the Richmond Football Club in 1941 and was inducted into the Club\'s Hall of Fame in its inaugural year, 2002
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# Rentweinsdorf
**Rentweinsdorf** is a municipality in the district of Haßberge in Bavaria in Germany
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# Hack watch
A **hack watch** is a mechanical watch whose movement offers a mechanism for stopping and setting the seconds hand of the watch, then restarting the watch the instant the time setting matches the time displayed by a reference timepiece.
Hack watches are used on ships for astronomical sights for navigation and to synchronize the actions of personnel who may not be in direct communication (for example, personnel engaged in a military mission).
For navigational purposes, the hack watch is synchronized with the ship\'s marine chronometer. The use of a hack watch makes it easier to take sights, as the chronometer is normally in a fixed position in a ship -- below decks and suspended in gimbals to keep it level and protect it from the elements, while the hack watch is portable and can be carried on deck. Though not as accurate as the chronometer, the hack watch is accurate enough to be satisfactory over the relatively short time period between setting it from the chronometer and taking the sight.
For mission synchronization, several hack watches can be set alike, then set going at the same moment.
## Time hack {#time_hack}
A \'time hack\' is when one or more timepieces are set to a certain time and at the same time, so all are synchronized. In World War 2, Allied airmen would perform a time hack in the briefing room before heading out to their airplanes.
This can be done today by listening to various time stations like WWV
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# Riedbach
**Riedbach** is a municipality in the district of Haßberge in Bavaria in Germany. It is situated 20 km northeast of Schweinfurt and 8 km north of Haßfurt.
The municipality was created in 1978. It encompasses the villages of Humprechtshausen, Kleinmünster, Kleinsteinach, Kreuzthal and Mechenried, and derives its name from the Riedbach creek that flows through Humprechtshausen, Kleinsteinach and Mechenried. The population of Riedbach is about 1600 people. Its mayor is Birgit Bayer.
## Villages
Humprechtshausen (521 Inhabitants)\
Mechenried (461 Inhabitants)\
Kleinsteinach (441 Inhabitants)\
Kleinmünster (259 Inhabitants)\
Kreuzthal (104 Inhabitants)
## Neighboring municipalities {#neighboring_municipalities}
Riedbach is surrounded by the municipalities (beginning north, clockwise) of Aidhausen, Hofheim in Unterfranken, Königsberg in Bayern, Haßfurt and Schonungen.
## History
In 1818, as part of the reformation of the Bavarian territories, the municipalities of Kleinmünster, Kleinsteinach, Mechenried and Humprechtshausen (with its district Kreuzthal) were created. On 1 May 1978 as part of another reformation of the Bavarian territories, the former municipalities formed the municipality \"Riedbach\".
### Population
1910: 1.725 Inhabitants\
1972: 1.902 Inhabitants\
2005: 1.717 Inhabitants\
2010: 1.625 Inhabitants
## Economy
Riedbach\'s main economy is agriculture, with 72 producers. Additionally, there are six construction companies and two kindergartens
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# Sand am Main
**Sand** is a municipality in the district of Haßberge in Bavaria in Germany. It lies on the river Main
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# Enemy (American band)
**Enemy** was an American band fronted by guitarist and vocalist Troy Van Leeuwen (also of Queens of the Stone Age), with bassist Eddie Nappi (Handsome, Mark Lanegan Band), and drummer Kelli Scott (Failure). Former Quicksand drummer Alan Cage was a founding member before being replaced by Scott. Van Leeuwen has described Enemy as his \"big, dumb rock trio\".
## History
The concept for Enemy originated following the demise of Troy Van Leeuwen\'s previous band, Failure. In the interim, Van Leeuwen had joined A Perfect Circle, and Enemy managed to record a five-song demo during his downtime from touring:
Taking the unusual step of offering to be signed by a record label by advertising for \$250,000 on eBay, Enemy were ultimately signed by Control Group/TCG and released their debut album *Hooray for Dark Matter* in 2005
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# Miss Earth 2007
**Miss Earth 2007**, the seventh edition of the Miss Earth pageant, was held on November 12, 2007 at the University of the Philippines Theater, on campus of the University of the Philippines Diliman in Quezon City, Philippines. 88 delegates competed for the title, making 2007 the largest edition of delegates for Miss Earth. The pageant was hosted by MTV Asia VJ Utt Panichkul, Priscilla Meirelles and Ginger Conejero. Hil Hernández from Chile crowned her successor Jessica Trisko from Canada the end of the event.
Pooja Chitgopekar from India won her second consecutive Miss Air title. Silvana Santaella from Venezuela was announced as Miss Water. She also won two special awards: Best in Swimsuit and Best in Long Gown. Ángela Gómez from Spain finished fourth as Miss Fire. Bokang Montjane from South Africa made the top 16 semi-finalist and received the Beauty for a Cause award.
## Results
### Placements
+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Placement | Contestant |
+==========================+=============================+
| Miss Earth 2007 | - -- Jessica Trisko |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Miss Earth -- Air 2007 | - -- Pooja Chitgopekar |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Miss Earth -- Water 2007 | - -- Silvana Santaella |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Miss Earth -- Fire 2007 | - -- Ángela Gómez |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Top 8 | - -- Nanka Mamasakhlisi |
| | |
| | - -- Odilia Garcia |
| | |
| | - -- Stefanie Gossweiler |
| | |
| | - -- Jiraporn Sing-ieam † |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Top 16 | - -- Eva Čerešňáková |
| | |
| | - -- Themys Febriel |
| | |
| | - -- Amale Al-Khoder |
| | |
| | - -- Élodie Delor |
| | |
| | - -- Stacey Garvey |
| | |
| | - -- Alina Gheorge |
| | |
| | - -- Bokang Montjane |
| | |
| | - -- Ivana Gagula |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
† = deceased
### Special awards {#special_awards}
The following special awards were officially awarded during the grand coronation night:
#### Awards in Philippines {#awards_in_philippines}
+--------------------------+---------------------------+
| Awards | Contestant |
+==========================+===========================+
| Miss Friendship | - -- Amale Al-Khoder |
+--------------------------+---------------------------+
| Miss Photogenic | - -- Jeanne Harn |
+--------------------------+---------------------------+
| Miss Talent | - -- Monica Baliunaite |
+--------------------------+---------------------------+
| Best in National Costume | - -- Jiraporn Sing-ieam |
+--------------------------+---------------------------+
| Best in Evening Gown | - -- Silvana Santaella |
+--------------------------+---------------------------+
| Best in Swimsuit | - -- Silvana Santaella |
+--------------------------+---------------------------+
| Beauty for a Cause | - -- Bokang Montjane |
+--------------------------+---------------------------+
#### Awards in Vietnam {#awards_in_vietnam}
+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Awards | Contestant |
+============================================+=============================+
| Miss Charm | - -- Ji-eun Yoo |
+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Miss Eco - Tourism | - -- Ariana Barouk |
+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Miss Fashion | - -- Trương Tri Trúc Diễm |
+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Miss Fitness | - -- Odilia Garcia |
+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Miss Fontana | - -- Ji-eun Yoo |
+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Miss Psalmstre Placenta | - -- Silvana Santaella |
+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Best in Ao dai | - -- Patrícia Andrade |
+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Gandang Ricky Reyes Award | - -- Silvana Santaella |
+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Prinsesa Ng Kalikasan (Princess of Nature) | - -- Jessica Trisko |
+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
## Hosts
Host Details
------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------
Greg Uttsada Panichkul Main Host
Priscilla Meirelles Miss Earth 2004 from Brazil
Ginger Conejero Color Commentator, 1st Runner-up Miss Philippines Earth 2006
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# Miss Earth 2007
## Judges
No. Judge Background
----- ---------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Andrea Mastellone general manager, Traders Hotel Manila
2 Khe Cong Nguyen Editor-in-Chief, Thanh Nien News
3 Jose Ramon Olives Head, Cable Channels, ABS-CBN
4 Arch. Nestor Mangio Chairman, Clark International Airport Corporation
5 Hong Jin Regional Manager, Korean Air
6 Crystal Jacinto Honorable Chairwoman, Kalikasan Fun Bike and President of the Philippines Foundation for Tomorrow\'s Good Children Inc
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# Stettfeld
**Stettfeld** is a municipality in the district of Haßberge in Bavaria in Germany
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# Legacy Christian Academy (Minnesota)
Legacy Christian Academy}} `{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox school
| name = Legacy Christian Academy
| image = LegacyChristianAcademyMN.png
| imagesize =
| caption =
| motto =
| streetaddress = 3037 Bunker Lake Blvd. NW
| location = [[Andover, Minnesota]]
| zipcode = 55304
| country = [[United States of America]]
| coordinates = {{coord|45|13|15|N|093|20|36|W|type:edu_region:US-MN|display=inline,title}}
| established = 1976
| type = [[Private school|Private]], [[Coeducational]]
| district = [[Association of Christian Schools International]]
| denomination = [[Christianity|Christian]]
| grades = Pre-School – 12th
| president = Jake Mulvihill (Head of School)
| principal1 = Joel Nydam (Pre-K –4th)
| principal2 = Libby Manion (5th – 8th)
| principal3 = Robert Lynn Atkinson (9th-12th)
| faculty =
| staff =
| enrollment = 830
| athletics =
| conference = Minnesota Christian Athletic Association
| colors = Navy Blue, Orange, and White<br />{{color box|navy}}{{color box|orange}}{{color box|white}}
| mascot = Lions
| affiliation = [[Association of Christian Schools International]]
| campus type =
| campus size =
| free_label =
| free_text =
| free_label2 = Fax
| free_text2 = +1-763-427-3398
| information = +1-763-427-4595
| website = http://www.lcamn.org/
| lastupdate = 7/27/23
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Legacy Christian Academy** (formerly known as **Meadow Creek Christian School**) is a private Christian school located in Andover, Minnesota. It has approximately 830 students in pre-school through 12th grade.
Academically, Legacy is accredited by the Association of Christian Schools International. Athletically, it is a \'single A\' school which competes as part of the Minnesota State High School League in the Minnesota Christian Athletic Association conference
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# ASCEND
**ASCEND** is an open source, mathematical modelling chemical process modelling system developed at Carnegie Mellon University since late 1978. ASCEND is an acronym which stands for Advanced System for Computations in Engineering Design. Its main uses have been in the field of chemical process modelling although its capabilities are general.
ASCEND includes nonlinear algebraic solvers, differential/algebraic equation solvers, nonlinear optimization and modelling of multi-region \'conditional models\'. Its matrix operations are supported by an efficient sparse matrix solver called *mtx*.
ASCEND differs from earlier modelling systems because it separates the solving strategy from model building. So domain experts (people writing the models) and computational engineers (people writing the solver code) can work separately in developing ASCEND. Together with a number of other early modelling tools, its architecture helped to inspire newer languages such as Modelica. It was recognised for its flexible use of variables and parameters, which it always treats as solvable, if desired
The software remains as an active open-source software project, and has been part of the Google Summer of Code programme in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 (under the Python Software Foundation) and has been accepted for the 2015 programme as well
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# Pandectists
The **Pandectists** were German university legal scholars in the early 19th century who studied and taught Roman law as a model of what they called *Konstruktionsjurisprudenz* (conceptual jurisprudence) as codified in the Pandects of Justinian (Berman).
Beginning in the mid-19th century, the Pandectists were attacked in arguments by noted jurists Julius Hermann von Kirchmann and Rudolf von Jhering, who favored a modern approach of law as a practical means to an end (Weber).
In the United States, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. and other legal realists pushed for laws based on what judges and the courts actually did, rather than the historical and conceptual or academic law of Friedrich Carl von Savigny and the Pandectists (Rosenberg)
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# Doomstown
***Doomstown*** is a Canadian television movie, which aired in 2006 on CTV. Set in the Mount Olive-Silverstone-Jamestown neighbourhood in the Rexdale area of Toronto, Ontario, the film explores the issue of gang violence in Rexdale.
*Doomstown* was written and directed by Sudz Sutherland. Its cast includes K. C. Collins who played Kevin \'Jedi\' Barrows, Mark Taylor who played Mike \"Twist\" Twistleton, Genelle Williams who played Monica, Clé Bennett played Money, Shakura S\'Aida, Yanna McIntosh played Pat Barrows, Shawn Singleton, Zainab Musa and Kristin Fairlie who played Kelly.
## Plot
The film explores many social issues like drug dealing, the search for respect and power, the roles of mothers and fathers in low-income or minority based communities, and violence. Kevin \'Jedi\' Barrows is the lead actor who is a 20-year-old male that ultimately learns through tragedy.
## Cast
- K.C. Collins as Kevin \"Jeddi\" Barrows
- Mark Taylor as Mike \"Twist\" Twistleton
- Genelle Williams as Monica
- Clé Bennett as \"Money\"
- Kristin Fairlie as Kelly
- Yanna McIntosh as Pat Barrows
- Shakura S\'Aida as Karen Twistleton
- Shawn Singleton as Ashcroft
- Zainab Musa as Constance Barrows
- Quincy Nanatakyi as Sean
- Suzanne Coy as Marva
- Mpho Koaho as Paul \"Countryman\" Blackhall
- Whitney Turner as Eric \"Eric D\"
- Jazzmeyn Barnett as Asia
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
A very real and authentic representation of the struggle that individuals and groups in low-income or minority based communities go through to get by on a day-to-day basis. Using local and Canadian actors, many viewers found a connection that made this film more enjoyable to watch. As mentioned in most reviews, Doomstown is a great teaching film that can be used for educational purposes in both a school/classroom setting and/or in homes. The storyline or plot was not overdone, and really \"hit home\" to the people of Toronto or individuals that were familiar with the city and its local news that contained the problems presented.
## Awards
Doomstown won three Gemini Awards in 2007 according to IMDb and World News/Variety
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# Hart House Symphonic Band
**Hart House Symphonic Band** (HHSB) is a wind orchestra, with woodwind, brass, and percussion sections, based at Hart House at the University of Toronto.
HHSB is historically noteworthy as the first symphonic band to have instruments in which the initial sound-producing mechanisms of the instruments cover all three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. While other orchestras have three categories of instruments (strings, percussion, and wind), two of these categories (strings and percussion) use matter in its solid state, and one category (wind instruments) uses matter in its gaseous state. HHSB is, in some sense, the first large symphonic orchestra to use hydraulophones, musical instruments that produce the initial sound by way of matter in its liquid state.
The 2007 Spring Concert, including Janzen\'s Suite for Hydraulophone, Movement II, was also webcast live by six \"cyborgloggers\" using wearable computers, underwater cameras for the hydraulophone, and camera phones.
## Conductors
HHSB was conducted for 11 years by Keith Reid, until 2006, and was in 2007 conducted by Roger Mantie, a PhD candidate at University of Toronto\'s Faculty of Music. Roger Mantie announced on March 11, 2008 that he would not be returning as the band\'s conductor in the fall.
## Concerts
HHSB has two main concerts (at Hart House) each year: one in the spring and one in the fall. Additionally, HHSB has toured on some years, to hold other concerts. The concerts are generally free to the public
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# Charlie Backhouse
**Charles \'Charlie\' Roger Backhouse** (1871 -- 5 August 1925) was an Australian rules footballer who played in the VFA for Carlton Football Club in 1890 and between 1891 and 1905 for the Richmond Football Club.
He was Captain of the Club in 1893 and played in the club\'s inaugural VFA Premiership side in 1902. In all he played 210 games for Richmond and kicked 42 goals. He also served on the Richmond Football Club Committee in 1894, 1900 and 1902.
He was made a life member of the Richmond Football Club in 1904 and was inducted into the club\'s Hall of Fame in its inaugural year, 2002
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# David Bodanis
**David Bodanis** is an American speaker, business advisor and writer of bestselling nonfiction books, notably *E=mc^2^: A Biography of the World\'s Most Famous Equation*, which was translated into 26 languages. Originally from Chicago, he received an undergraduate education in mathematics, physics and economics at the University of Chicago (AB 1977). He lived in France for ten years from his early twenties and has since been based in London.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Bodanis was born and brought up in Chicago, Illinois, and read mathematics, physics and history at the University of Chicago. In his early twenties he moved to Paris, where he began his career as a foreign correspondent for the *International Herald Tribune*. A move to the South of France followed, and he then split his time between France and London, combining writing with stints as a science presenter on 1980s ITV show, the Wide Awake Club.
Bodanis moved to the UK full-time in the late 1980s, combining writing with teaching social sciences at St Antony\'s College, Oxford, consulting for the Royal Dutch Shell Scenario Prediction unit, and speaking engagements including at conferences and Davos.
## Works
In 1986, Bodanis had his first commercial authorial success with *The Secret House: 24 Hours in the Strange & Wonderful World in Which We Spend Our Nights and Days*, which reached no 5 on The New York Times Best Seller list and established him as a popular science writer. This book introduces Bodanis's \"microphotography\" writing style, in which the author takes a worm\'s-eye view perspective that allows him to observe many obscure and complex phenomena of everyday life.
In 2001, he published *E=mc^2^: A Biography of the World\'s Most Famous Equation* which was translated into 20 languages, and longlisted for the Samuel Johnson Prize for non-fiction. In 2005, it was made into a documentary for Channel 4, and aired on PBS under the name *Einstein\'s Big Idea*. In 2009, *E=mc^2^* was made into a ballet by the Birmingham Royal Ballet, under director David Bintley, and won the South Bank Award for best British Dance of the year.
*Electric Universe: How Electricity Switched on the Modern World* followed in 2006, and won the Royal Society Prize for Best Science Book of the Year. Bodanis caused some controversy by pledging to donate his prize to the family of the late government scientist, Dr David Kelly.
In 2006, Bodanis published *Passionate Minds*, the story of a brilliant but forgotten French scientist, Émilie du Châtelet, and her intellectual love affair with Voltaire. *Passionate Minds* was the BBC's Book of the Week on Radio 4 in June 2006, and featured on the cover of *The Economist*.
In 2013, Bodanis contributed an essay, \"Computer-Generated Fascism\" published in John Brockman\'s Edge Question series, *What Should We Be Worried About? Real Scenarios That Keep Scientists Up at Night*.
David\'s *[Einstein's Greatest Mistake: The Life of a Flawed Genius](https://books.google.com/books?id=lr4zCwAAQBAJ&source=gbs_book_similarbooks)* was published September 2016. His essay appeared at NPR in December 2016.
In November 2020, David published *The Art of Fairness: The Power of Decency in a World Turned Mean*.
## Awards
- 2006: *Electric Universe: How Electricity Switched on the Modern World* -- winner of Royal Society's Science Book of the Year Prize
- 2010: Sadlers' Wells Premier of the ballet version of *E=mc^2^* -- winner of South Bank Show Award for Best New Dance
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Bodanis lives in London with his second wife and stepson. He has two children by a previous marriage. A keen kickboxer, he is a regular at Paragon Gym in Bethnal Green, London, where he trains with champion kickboxing brothers, John and Stuart Lawson
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# Chalcodon
In Greek mythology, the name **Chalcodon** (Ancient Greek: Χαλκώδων, *gen*.: Χαλκώδοντος means \"copper tooth\" or \"iron tooth\", from χαλκός=copper and generally metal + ὀδών, ionic type of ὀδούς=tooth)[1](https://www.greek-language.gr/digitalResources/ancient_greek/tools/liddell-scott/search.html?start=60&lq=%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BA) [2](https://www.greek-language.gr/digitalResources/ancient_greek/tools/liddell-scott/search.html?lq=%E1%BD%80%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82) may refer to:
- Chalcodon, an Egyptian prince as one of the sons of King Aegyptus. He suffered the same fate as his other brothers, save Lynceus, when they were slain on their wedding night by their wives who obeyed the command of their father King Danaus of Libya. Chalcodon was the son of Aegyptus by an Arabian woman and thus full brother of Istrus, Agenor, Chaetus, Diocorystes, Alces, Alcmenor, Hippothous, Euchenor and Hippolytus. In some accounts, he could be a son of Aegyptus either by Eurryroe, daughter of the river-god Nilus, or Isaie, daughter of King Agenor of Tyre. Chalcodon married the Danaid Rhodia, daughter of Danaus either by the hamadryads Atlanteia or Phoebe.
- Chalcodon, the son of Abas and the king of the Abantes. He and Telamon assisted Heracles in his campaign against Elis. While leading his people in an attack on Thebes, Greece he was killed by Amphitryon. His son was Elephenor by either Imenarete, Melanippe`{{AI-generated source|date=November 2024}}`{=mediawiki} or Alcyone. He also had several daughters, one of whom, Chalciope, married Aegeas.
- Chalcodon of Cos, who wounded Heracles in a battle which arose when the Coans mistook Heracles for a pirate. Also known as Chalcon.
- Chalcodon, a suitor of Hippodamia before Pelops, was killed by Oenomaus
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# Untermerzbach
**Untermerzbach** is a municipality in the district of Haßberge in Bavaria in Germany
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# Convent Gallery
The **Convent Gallery** is located in the Spa region of Daylesford, in Central Victoria, Australia.
The Convent Gallery\'s origins date back to the 1860s gold rush, home to the Gold Commissioner, and then known as \'Blarney Castle\'. The Catholic Church purchased the building in the 1880s for the local parish presbytery, where it was home to the priest for ten years.
In 1891 Archbishop Thomas Joseph Carr of Melbourne envisaged a \"source of light and edification\" for the Central Victorian community of Daylesford, Victoria. In 1892, the building was deemed appropriate for nuns and boarders and the Holy Cross Convent and boarding school for girls was opened. It was the first Victorian establishment outside of Melbourne by the Presentation Sisters. In 1904 the new chapel was completed and in 1927 the parlour, dormitory and music rooms were added.
The convent lacked adequate heating and required a large amount of upkeep, inside and out. In the 1970s it was decided that more suitable accommodation should be found for the nuns. The school was closed in 1973 and at the suggestion of the head nun Sister Mary Agatha Murphy, the building was presented in 1975 by the parish of St Peter\'s to the wider community of Daylesford for its use as a Community Center for arts and education under the direction of a Committee of Management. By the end of 1977, 28 local groups were using it every week with an average weekly attendance of 250 people. It was sold in 1988, needing a great deal of repair and restoration. It was sold to Tina Banitska, a well-known local artist and ceramicist.
The building retains many of its Victorian architectural features, and is located on the slope of Wombat Hill overlooking the Central Highlands twin towns of Daylesford and Hepburn Springs.
The Convent now houses eight individual galleries, featuring new local and international artists every 8 weeks, the original restored chapel, a museum with the history of the building set up by the nuns themselves, retail selling one-off clothing and jewellery pieces, pottery, local wines and produce, a Mediterranean style cafe\`, New York style penthouse apartment, two glass fronted architecturally designed function rooms, Daylesford\'s first world class wine bar, scenic views and 6 acre of picturesque gardens
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# Wonfurt
**Wonfurt** is a municipality in the district of Haßberge in Bavaria in Germany.
## Mayors
Since 2013 Holger Baunacher (CSU/Dampfacher Liste/Steinsfelder Liste) is the mayor of Wonfurt. His predecessor was Dieter Zehendner (CSU)
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# Elephenor
In Greek mythology, **Elephenor** `{{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛ|l|ɪ|ˈ|f|iː|n|ər|,_|-|ˌ|n|ɔr}}`{=mediawiki} (*Ἐλεφήνωρ, -ορος* *Elephḗnōr*, *-oros*) was the king of the Abantes of Euboea.
## Family
Elephenor was the son of Chalcodon by either Imenarete, Melanippe or Alcyone.
## Mythology
Elephenor received the sons of Theseus of Athens, Acamas and Demophon, when they fled from the usurper Menestheus. One source states that he unwittingly killed his grandfather Abas and was expelled from Euboea; because of that, he had to assemble his troops before the Trojan expedition on a rock of the Euripus Strait opposite Euboea.
### Trojan War {#trojan_war}
Elephenor was a suitor of Helen and the leader of the Euboean force of thirty or forty ships which joined the Greek expedition to Troy. On the day the truce was broken by Pandarus, he was killed by Agenor whilst trying to drag off the body of Echepolus.
### The return {#the_return}
On their way home, Elephenor\'s men were driven off course and shipwrecked off the coast of Epirus, where they founded the city of Apollonia. Alternately, Elephenor survived and settled on the island Othronos, but was soon driven out of the island by a serpent and went to Abantia in Illyria
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# Robert Emmet Lucey
**Robert Emmet Lucey** (March 16, 1891 -- August 1, 1977) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the second bishop of the Diocese of Amarillo in Texas from 1934 to 1941 and as the second archbishop of Archdiocese of San Antonio in Texas from 1941 to 1969.
## Biography
### Early life {#early_life}
Lucey was born in Los Angeles, California, to John Joseph and Marie Lucey on March 16, 1891. He began his college education at St. Vincent\'s College and completed the rest at Saint Patrick\'s Seminary in Menlo Park, California, in 1912. Lucey then went to Rome to reside at the Pontifical North American College. In 1916, he received a Doctor of Sacred Theology degree at the University of the Propaganda there.
### Priesthood
On May 14, 1916, Lucey was ordained a priest in the Church of St. Apollinaris in Rome by Archbishop Giuseppe Ceppetelli.
During the next five years in Los Angeles, Lucey was assistant pastor of several parishes which included St. Vibiana\'s Cathedral, Immaculate Conception Parish, Immaculate Heart of Mary Parish, and was pastor at St. Anthony\'s in Long Beach from 1929 to 1934. Among the positions that he held were chaplain of the Newman Club at the University of Los Angeles and diocesan director of Catholic Charities (1921--1925) of the California Conference of Social Work (1923--24), director of Catholic Hospitals for the diocese (1924--1934), and board member of the California State Department of Social Welfare (1924--1930).
### Bishop of Amarillo {#bishop_of_amarillo}
Lucey was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Amarillo on February 10, 1934. On March 1, 1934, Archbishop Amleto Giovanni Cicognani consecrated Lucey at St. Vibiana\'s Cathedral in Los Angeles. There he established a newspaper called the *Texas Panhandle Register*.
### Archbishop of San Antonio {#archbishop_of_san_antonio}
On January 23, 1941 Pope Pius XII appointed Lucey Archbishop of San Antonio. He was installed by Cicognani at the Cathedral of San Fernando in San Antonio on March 27, 1941. Lucey helped establish the Yorktown Memorial Hospital in Yorktown, Texas, the Czech Catholic Home for the Aged, and the Huth Memorial Hospital and created 29 clinics throughout Southwest Texas.
In the early 1950s, Lucey ordered the racial integration of all schools in the archdiocese. He also stipulated that the archdiocese only use unionized labor for its construction projects and supported union organizing efforts by farm workers in Texas. In 1965, he gave his full support to the national War on Poverty program of the Johnson Administration. Furey cofounded the juvenile rehabilitation program the Patrician Movement and created the equal play advocacy organization Project Equality in 1965.
In September 1968, while dedicating a new church rectory in Stonewall, Texas, with President Johnson in attendance, Lucey praised the US involvement in the Vietnam War, contending that it reflected the peace efforts of Pope Paul VI. However, the pope had previously called on Johnson to stop the bombing of North Vietnam. Lucey later took a trip to Saigon to serve as an observer to the presidential election in what was then South Vietnam.
### Retirement and legacy {#retirement_and_legacy}
On July 4, 1969, Paul VI accepted Lucey\'s resignation as archbishop of San Antonio. Lucey died in San Antonio on August 1, 1977. He was buried at Holy Cross Cemetery, which had been built on a plot of land in Bexar County that he had acquired for the church
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# White Glass Company
**White Glass Company** was one of Ohio\'s early members of the glass industry. It existed from 1815 until approximately 1851.
## Beginning
Begun in Zanesville, Ohio at the South West corner of 3rd and Market Streets. It was chartered 13 May 1815 with Isaac Van Horne as President and his son in law Dr. John E. Hamm as Secretary. They made glass bottles with the Eagle and Masonic Symbols.
## Perspective
Some web sources have it as the earliest glass company in Ohio. However, there were clearly other earlier glass makers in Ohio, but few if any of these ever reached the incorporation stage. Much of the early glass industry was sole proprietorships, and the nature of early Ohio Industry was such that almost all of the really early glass makers left few records. Such was the nature of the craft that it was a rarity for the early glass makers to be able to read or write. However John Hamm and Isaac Van Horne, were unlike the average early Ohio glass manufacturers, both literate. They also had fairly deep pockets and were members of the State and local government. As such they went into the enterprise mostly in the way of the modern businessman, as entrepreneurs, rather than as workers.
The company was later known as The Ohio Valley Glass Company.
Several examples of the bottles manufactured at the Ohio Glass Company can be found on the web as of 2007
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# James Edwin Horton
**Judge James Edwin Horton** (1878 -- March 1973) was a Circuit Judge for the Eighth Circuit Court in Alabama. He was elected in 1922 and again in 1928.
## Birth and education {#birth_and_education}
Judge Horton was born January 4, 1878, the son of James Horton, Sr. and Emily Donelson. His mother was the great-niece of former President of the United States Andrew Jackson. His family bible shows he was born in Limestone County, AL. At some point during his childhood he moved to Athens, Alabama.
He had no formal education until the age of eight or nine. He was a sickly child and had to rely on his mother\'s care. Nothing has been known about Judge Horton\'s high school education. The next record of him appeared when he enrolled in Vanderbilt University\'s medical studies program. His decision to become a doctor was influenced by his father.
After a year Horton decided that medicine was not for him and transferred to Cumberland University in Lebanon, Tennessee and gained his B.A. in 1897. At Cumberland School of Law he earned his Bachelor of Law degree in 1899. Horton\'s clerked for his father, a Probate Judge, before entering into a private practice.
## Career
Judge Horton served one term in the Alabama State Legislature from 1910--1914. Following this he served in the Alabama State Senate. His term as a Senator was cut short when a chancery court opening appeared, which he took.
He eventually left his seat on the chancery court, returning to his old law practice and farming his land. He continued with this life for some time, before being elected judge of the Eighth Circuit Court, as noted above. It was during his second term that Judge Horton got the most important case of his career: the re-trials of the Scottsboro Boys.
### Scottsboro Boys re-trials {#scottsboro_boys_re_trials}
Judge Horton presided over the re-trials of the Scottsboro Boys. Both the prosecution and defense agreed with his choice. Numerous comparisons were made in the media to his resemblance to former President Abraham Lincoln. He was represented as the perfect man for the job. However, much to the prosecution\'s dismay, Judge Horton issued a startling rebuke to the State\'s case after a conviction and death penalty were handed down against Haywood Patterson. To quote: `{{Quote|History, sacred and profane, and the common experience of mankind teach us that women of the character shown in this case are prone for selfish reasons to make false accusations both of rape and of insult upon the slightest provocation for ulterior purposes. These women are shown, by the great weight of the evidence, on this very day before leaving Chattanooga, to have falsely accused two negroes of insulting them, and of almost precipitating a fight between one of the white boys they were in company with and these two negroes. This tendency on the part of the women shows that they are predisposed to make false accusations upon any occasion whereby their selfish ends may be gained.
The Court will not pursue the evidence any further.
As heretofore stated the law declares that a defendant should not be convicted without corroboration where the testimony of the prosecutrix bears on its face indications of improbability or unreliability and particularly when it is contradicted by other evidence.
The testimony of the prosecutrix in this case is not only uncorroborated, but it also bears on its face indications of improbability and is contradicted by other evidence, and in addition thereto the evidence greatly preponderates in favor of the defendant. It therefore becomes the duty of the Court under the law to grant the motion made in this case.
It is therefore ordered and adjudged by the Court that the motion be granted; that the verdict of the jury in this case and the judgment of the Court sentencing this defendant to death be set aside and that a new trial be and the same is hereby ordered.|James E. Horton, Circuit Judge}}`{=mediawiki}
After handing down this statement, Judge Horton was taken off the case by the Alabama Supreme Court. In his place, the State put Judge William Washington Callahan.
## End of career {#end_of_career}
The year after Judge Horton\'s statement, he lost his re-election bid to Aquilla Griffith. He then retired to his farm and tried to live a quiet life. This was disturbed in March 1934, when he sold the Tennessee Valley Authority his land so that they could build the Wheeler Dam.
Using the proceeds of this sale, Judge Horton and his wife, Anna Hobbs Horton, pooled their money and bought 1400 acre of land in Greenbrier, Alabama. He then took his wife\'s family home in Athens apart piece-by-piece and reassembled it in Greenbrier.
At Greenbrier, he devoted his time to farming. He raised cotton, corn, and soybeans, as well as the largest herd of Aberdeen-Angus cattle in Alabama.
He died in March 1973 at 95. He is immortalized in a bronze plaque on a wall just outside of the courtroom where he heard the Scottsboro cases:
> So far as the law is concerned it knows neither native nor alien, Jew nor Gentile, black nor white. This case is no different from any other. We have only to do our duty without fear or favor.
A statue of Judge Horton, made of bronze, stands on the west side of the Limestone County courthouse. Several members of the local community initiated the Judge Horton statue project, which was completed and unveiled in October 2017
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# Doug Strang
**Francis Douglas Strang** (12 July 1912 -- 28 March 1954) was an Australian rules footballer who played as a full forward in the VFL between 1931 and 1935 for the Richmond Football Club.
## Family
He married Ina Lillian McCullough, at Geelong on 18 November 1937.
He was the brother of dual Richmond premiership player Gordon Strang, St Kilda footballer Colin Strang, and South Melbourne footballer Allan Strang. He was the father of dual Richmond premiership player Geoff Strang, and the uncle of Richmond premiership player John Perry.
## Football
Strang played with Albury Rovers FC in the Albury & Border Football Association in 1929 and was originally recruited from East Albury after one season in the Ovens and Murray Football League in 1930, as part of a major country recruiting drive by the Tigers, who were eager to break a run of Grand Final losses to Collingwood dating back to 1927.
In just his second VFL game, his 14 goals kicked against North Melbourne in 1931 still stands to this day as the record for the most goals kicked by a Richmond player in a single game, and as the youngest player to kick ten or more goals in a VFL game, at just 18 years and 300 days old.
n his first season Strang's brilliant overhead marking, in spite of exceptionally wet weather for much of the winter, brought him sixty-eight goals with long drop kicks. In 1932, Strang struggled severely in another rainy winter, but from the time he kicked a goal after the bell to end an eleven match winning streak by Carlton, his brilliant marking asserted itself, most notably in a wonderful display on a dry ground in the second-semi-final.
1933 saw Strang begin to suffer from injuries later in the season. After he had seemingly returned to his best form with ten goals at Arden Street in the thirteenth round, Strang damaged a thigh when playing for the Tigers against the Ballarat League between the fifteenth and sixteenth rounds, and due to knee problems was not at his best when returning for the finals. When the 1934 season opened it was thought Doug Strang would be fully fit, but after one impressive match in the second round against St. Kilda, it was soon discovered that the knee required an operation to repair a slipped disc, and Strang did not play again until the fourteenth round against Carlton. After that, however, the disc incapacitated him once more and he was a passenger on the forward flank by the seventeenth round. These injuries meant Strang left Richmond during 1935. In June 1935, Strang was cleared to Kyneton Football Club where he took over the lease of the Junction Hotel, Kyneton.
Strang was captain / coach of the Kyneton Football Club\'s 1936 premiership team in Bendigo Football League, before returning to Albury as a hotelier in 1937 and playing in Albury Football Club\'s 1937 premiership team. after it was thought he would go back to Richmond.
Strang continuing to kick many goals for the Albury Football Club, kicking 126 in 1938 & 117 in 1939. In one game in 1939 he kicked 20 goals against Corowa Football Club. and he captain-coached Albury to two premierships in 1939 and 1940.
## Cricket
In addition to his footballing ability, Strang was an excellent bowler in country cricket for a number of years. In consecutive weeks in 1936 he took six wickets for Kyneton.
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# Doug Strang
## Death
Strang died at the age of 41 when he was hit by a car on Dean Street in Albury.
## Recognition
Strang would later make the Albury Football Club\'s Team of the Century and be inducted into the O&MFL\'s - Hall of Fame.
The O&MFL goalkicking award is now known as the Doug Strang Medal
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# Random regular graph
A **random *r*-regular graph** is a graph selected from $\mathcal{G}_{n,r}$, which denotes the probability space of all *r*-regular graphs on $n$ vertices, where $3 \le r < n$ and $nr$ is even. It is therefore a particular kind of random graph, but the regularity restriction significantly alters the properties that will hold, since most graphs are not regular.
## Properties of random regular graphs {#properties_of_random_regular_graphs}
As with more general random graphs, it is possible to prove that certain properties of random $m$--regular graphs hold asymptotically almost surely. In particular, for $r \ge 3$, a random *r*-regular graph of large size is asymptotically almost surely *r*-connected. In other words, although $r$--regular graphs with connectivity less than $r$ exist, the probability of selecting such a graph tends to 0 as $n$ increases.
If $\epsilon > 0$ is a positive constant, and $d$ is the least integer satisfying
$(r-1)^{d-1} \ge (2 + \epsilon)rn \ln n$
then, asymptotically almost surely, a random *r*-regular graph has diameter at most *d*. There is also a (more complex) lower bound on the diameter of *r*-regular graphs, so that almost all *r*-regular graphs (of the same size) have almost the same diameter.
The distribution of the number of short cycles is also known: for fixed $m \ge 3$, let $Y_3,Y_4,...Y_m$ be the number of cycles of lengths up to $m$. Then the $Y_i$are asymptotically independent Poisson random variables with means
$\lambda_i=\frac{(r-1)^i}{2i}$
## Algorithms for random regular graphs {#algorithms_for_random_regular_graphs}
It is non-trivial to implement the random selection of *r*-regular graphs efficiently and in an unbiased way, since most graphs are not regular. The *pairing model* (also *configuration model*) is a method which takes *nr* points, and partitions them into *n* buckets with *r* points in each of them. Taking a random matching of the *nr* points, and then contracting the *r* points in each bucket into a single vertex, yields an *r*-regular graph or multigraph. If this object has no multiple edges or loops (i.e. it is a graph), then it is the required result. If not, a restart is required.
A refinement of this method was developed by Brendan McKay and Nicholas Wormald
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# Samuel Weiss (mobster)
**Samuel \"Sammy\" Weiss** (c. 1904 -- ?) was an American mobster in New York and an associate of labor racketeer Jacob \"Little Augie\" Orgen. Employed as a gunman for Orgen and the \"Little Augies\", he took part in the gang war against Nathan Kaplan during the early 1920s. On the afternoon of August 28, 1923, several men were spotted by police shortly before Kaplan was to leave the Essex Market Courthouse (he would be killed later that day by Orgen gunman Louis Cohen). Although the men scattered as police officers approached, Weiss, Orgen and Samuel Gepson were arrested near the courthouse. Finding all three men to be carrying revolvers, the three were arrested and charged with violation of the Sullivan Law and arraigned at Essex Market Courthouse the following day.
While in custody, Weiss and Orgen were questioned by acting District Attorney Ferdinand Pecora and, while unable to gain a confession from either man, he publicly stated that he believed Kaplan\'s murder had been the result of an underworld feud between the two men. He and Orgen would be tried along with Cohen as accessories to Kaplan\'s murder, however only Cohen would be convicted while Weiss and Orgen were released.
In May 1937, as a result of an investigation by Districy Attorney Thomas E. Dewey into racketeering in the garment indstury, he and David Goldberg were convicted of filing false state income and franchise tax returns for Donnie Frock, Inc for the purposed of concealing \$8,000 in unreported income. Although sentenced to an indeterminate sentence, a writ of reasonable doubt was signed by Supreme Court Justice Salvatore A. Cotillo on January 3, 1938, which allowed the release of both men in exchange for a bail of \$2,500 each
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# Venire facias
In law, ***venire facias*** (Latin for \"may you cause to come\"), also ***venire facias juratores**\'\', and often shortened to***venire**\'\', is a writ directing a sheriff to assemble a jury. Various types are:
- ***venire facias ad respondendum*** -- \"a writ requiring a sheriff to summon a person against whom an indictment for a misdemeanor has been issued,\" now superseded by the use of warrants.
- ***venire facias de novo***, often shortened to ***venire de novo*** -- a writ for summoning a new jury panel, or venire, \"because of some impropriety or irregularity in the original jury return or verdict such that a judgment cannot be entered on it.\" This results in a trial de novo. \"In substance, the writ is a motion for a new trial, but when the party objects to the verdict because of a procedural error (and not an error on the merits), the form of motion was traditionally for a venire facias de novo.\" For example, see the 1817 decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in *Laidlaw v. Organ* (15 U.S. 178): \"\...the judgment must be reversed, and the cause remanded to the district court of Louisiana, with direction to award a *venire facire de novo*\" (John Marshall).
- ***venire facias tot matronas*** -- \"a writ requiring a sheriff to summon a jury of matrons to execute a writ *de ventre inspiciendo*
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# Ory Dessau
**Ory Dessau** (*אורי דסאו*) is an art curator and writer, based in Ghent, Belgium.
He has collaborated with museums such as the Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin, S.M.A.K., Ghent, Tel Aviv Museum of Art and Moderna Museet Malmö.
One of his renowned works, \"Guess who died\" [1](http://straddle3.net/context/03/en/2003_10_06.html), explored the image and physiognomy of Palestinian late president Yasser Arafat.
In July 2007 Dessau was chosen to curate the annual \"Omanut Haaretz\" (\"Art of the Country\") exhibition at the Sukkot holiday in September \[<http://www.mouse.co.il/CM.articles_item,610,209,15795>,.aspx\]
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# John Davison (composer)
**John H. Davison** (31 May 1930 -- 5 March 1999) was an American composer and pianist.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Born in Istanbul, Turkey, he grew up in Upstate New York and in New York City, and studied music at the Juilliard School\'s lower school, Haverford College, then received his master\'s degree from Harvard University, where he focused on Renaissance music, particularly the works of Orlando Gibbons. He earned his doctorate in creative composition from the Eastman School of Music. His teachers included Alfred Swan, Randall Thompson, Walter Piston, Bernard Rogers, Howard Hanson, Alan Hovhaness, and Robert Palmer. During 1964-1965, Davison was placed in the Kansas City (Missouri) Schools as part of the Music Educators National Conference\'s Contemporary Music Project, where he composed numerous works for band, chorus, and orchestra. He was a friend of Aaron Copland and maintained a correspondence with him. He was also a conscientious objector.
Davison\'s music is generally tonal, strongly melodic, and influenced by such diverse musics as Western classical and Romantic music (particularly the music of Johannes Brahms, Renaissance and Baroque music, Irish music, English country dancing, Anglican church music, and jazz.
His music is published by Southern Music Publishing Co., Shawnee Press, and TAP Music Publishing, and his music has been recorded by the CRI, Crystal, Coronet, Encore, and Albany labels. He coauthored, with John Ashmead, a book about the songs of Robert Burns.
Davison taught at Haverford College from 1959 until his death. He was survived by his wife, Elizabeth Davison.
## Works
- 1957 - Sonata for Trombone and Piano
- 1963 - Concerto for Harpsichord and Strings
- 1967 - Canzona and Chorale, 4 flutes
- 1967 - Suite, 8 brass instruments (2 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, and tuba)
- 1967 - Symphony no. 2 for Band
- 1968 - Suite, flute, violin, and piano
- 1968-69 - Sextet, English horn, violin, viola, violoncello, bass viola da gamba, and piano
- 1971 - Prelude and Rhapsody for Euphonium
- 1977 - Concertino for oboe and chamber orchestra
- 1980 - Sonata, euphonium (or trombone), tuba, and piano, Opus 73
- 1980 - Symphony no. 5
- 1983 - Arthur\'s Return, bagpipes and string orchestra
- 1985 - Sinfonia, cimbalon and chamber orchestra
- 1986 - Quintet, for trombone and string quartet
- 1986 - Suite for Six Trombones
- 1991 - Canzona & Reel/Jig, 4 flutes
- 1993 - Over the Mountain, Op. 115, orchestra
- 1994 - Cello Concerto, Op. 120
- 1996 - Sonata for Horn and Piano
## Discography
- 1996 - *Music of John Davison*. Albany Records
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# Le pont des soupirs
`{{italic title}}`{=mediawiki} ***Le pont des soupirs*** (\"The Bridge of Sighs\") is an opéra bouffe (or operetta) set in Venice, by Jacques Offenbach, first performed in Paris in 1861. The French libretto was written by Hector Crémieux and Ludovic Halévy. Plays, including melodramas, set in Venice were quite common in Paris in the early 19th century; the libretto, by the successful team from *Orphée aux enfers*, also nods towards the operas *La reine de Chypre* (1841) and *Haydée* (1847). Gänzl describes the piece as being in Offenbach\'s \"best bouffe manner\", noting a \"long list of sparkling and funny musical pieces\": the multiple serenade beneath Catarina\'s balcony, the tale of the loss of the Venetian fleet, the parody of an operatic mad scene for Catarina, and a farcical \"quatuor des poignards\". Offenbach would return to Venice in the Giulietta act of his final work *Les Contes d\'Hoffmann*.
## Performance history {#performance_history}
*Le pont des soupirs* was first performed in a two-act version at the Théâtre des Bouffes Parisiens, Paris on 23 March 1861. A four-act version was subsequently given at the Théâtre des Variétés, Paris on 8 May 1868. From June 1861 Offenbach had taken his production of the opera to the Theater am Franz-Josefs-Kai in Wien, Treumann-Theater in Berlin, the National Theatre in Pesth and finally the Théâtre des Galeries-Saint-Hubert in Brussels.
Its popularity extended further: it was given to Brussels in 1861, Buenos Aires in 1870, and New York in 1871 (in French). In translation it was produced in Vienna in 1862, Berlin in 1862, Graz in 1865 and Budapest in 1865, followed by other local premieres and runs in the French provinces. The first production in England was at St James\'s Theatre in 1872 as *The Bridge of Sighs*, and a year later it was seen at the Carltheater in Vienna.
More recently a production by Jean-Michel Ribes at the Théâtre de Paris (with tour and broadcast) in 1987-88 was nominated for a Molière Award.
Offenbach biographer Alexander Faris notes similarities between *Le pont des soupirs* and Sullivan\'s *The Gondoliers* of 1889; he comments \"in both works there are choruses *à la barcarolle* for gondoliers and *contadini* \[in\] thirds and sixths; Offenbach has a Venetian admiral telling of his cowardice in battle; Gilbert and Sullivan have their Duke of Plaza-Toro who led his regiment from behind\", both also over-work the cachucha rhythm\".
## Roles
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, 23 March 1861\ |
| | | (Conductor: Jacques Offenbach) |
+==================================================================+===============+================================+
| Amoroso, *a pageboy* | mezzo soprano | Lucille Tostée |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| Astolfo | bass | Guyot |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| Cascadetto | tenor | Charles Desmonts |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| Cornarino Cornarini, *Doge of Venice* | tenor | Désiré |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| Catarina Cornarini, *his wife* | soprano | Lise Tautin |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| Baptiste, *the Doge\'s equerry* | tenor | Debruille-Bache |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| Fabiono Fabiani Malatromba, *member of the Council of Ten* | tenor | Pierre-Armand Potel |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| Franrusto | bass | Duvernoy |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| Arlequin | | May |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| Colombine | | Igasty |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| Laodice | | Legris |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| The chief of the Council of Ten | | Tacova |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| *Gondoliers, servants of Catarina, People, Masks, Bravi, Guards* | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
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# Le pont des soupirs
## Synopsis
: Place: Venice
: Time: 1321
Cornarino Cornarini, the Doge of Venice and admiral of the Venetian fleet, has deserted the navy in fear of defeat in a sea battle, and so is under a cloud of disgrace. He and his squire Baptiste return in disguise to his palace to find his wife, Catarina, being serenaded, first by the page Amoroso, then by his villainous and ambitious cousin, Fabiano Fabiani Malatromba. Malatromba has Amoroso arrested. Cascadetto and a mob enter denouncing Cornarini. Cascadetto sings a lament on the cowardice of the doge; Cornarini and his squire are obliged to buy a copy of it with the doge\'s portrait in order to hunt him down. Malatromba returns and enters the Cornarini palace to seduce Catarina. The doge and Baptiste try to enter also but as the mob return they climb onto the balcony.
Catarina is telling Laodice of her love for Amoroso when two cloaked henchmen enter her rooms. When the women retire to the boudoir, Cornarini and Baptiste now enter, still in disguise, and a dagger quartet for the four men ends with the doge and his companion prevailing over the two Council spies, taking their uniforms and hiding the two bodies in a clock and a barometer. Catarina suddenly returns and pleads with her disguised husband to save her from the advances of Malatromba. When she faints Malatromba tells the supposed spies to hide in the clock and barometer; as Malatromba tries to drag Catarina off, Amoroso, who has escaped prison, suddenly appears and draws his sword. Fights break out in the hiding places; the four men emerge and in the confusion the room fills with soldiers, spies, squires and Catarina\'s female servants. Cornarini and Baptiste get arrested but claim to have proof of the Doge\'s demise, which they will reveal to the Council of Ten.
At the Council of Ten most of the councillors are asleep and only awake with the entry of a delegation of female gondoliers. Malatromba requests that the Council hear the testimony of the two men (Cornarini and Baptiste) about the disgraced doge. They claim to have killed Cornarini; they hope this will allow them freedom and Malatromba hopes he can now become doge. Catarina and Amoroso now appear disguised as knights, claiming that Cornarini is alive. Suspicious of the other men, Amoroso tears off their eye patches, and Cornarini and Baptiste are exposed; Cornarini admits who he is and is led off for execution for cowardice against the enemy as the Council of Ten proclaim Malatromba the new Doge. The head of the Council belatedly reads a scroll which had been delivered earlier. This reports that the admiral\'s flight from battle was a ruse to fool the Matalosses who have suffered a devastating naval defeat. With the Council believing they have two doges, Malatromba is temporarily thwarted.
The final scene is on the Lido, and the carnival is in progress. Cascadetto announces that to decide which of the two doges should rule, the Council will make them joust on the Orfano canal near the piazza San Marco. Cornarini and Malatromba enter on their individual floats and in the joust the latter loses (due to Amoroso arranging for Malatromba\'s boat to be scuttled). In the second version (1868) the two doges have to collect a cup from a mast, Malatromba winning and becoming doge. As consolation Cornarini is sent as Venetian ambassador to Spain, with Amoroso as his secretary (to the pleasure of Catarina), and the opera ends with a boléro.
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# Le pont des soupirs
## Recordings
- [Recordings as listed on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk](http://www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/CLOFPONT
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# Matthew Barnson
**Matthew Barnson** (born 1979) is an American composer.
## Biography
Barnson is a native of Utah and obtained his undergraduate degree from the Eastman School of Music. He pursued graduate studies at the University of Pennsylvania and Yale University. Barnson is the youngest recipient of a Barlow Commission from the BYU College of Fine Arts and Communications. He was awarded a 2009 Charles Ives Prize. He is currently an assistant professor of composition at Stony Brook University.
## Works
Barnson\'s works have been performed by the following individuals / groups:
\- Arditti String Quartet\
- Curtis Symphony Orchestra\
- The New York Virtuoso Singers\
- Members of Alarm Will Sound\
- Members of the Philadelphia Orchestra\
- Soprano Nicole Cabell\
- Countertenor [Ian Howell](http://www.ianhowellcountertenor
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# Tony Free
**Tony Free** (born 27 June 1969) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the VFL/AFL between 1987 and 1996 for the Richmond Football Club. He played one game in the 1987 season (wearing No. 49) and then became a regular player from 1988 (wearing No. 30).
Free\'s career was cut short by a knee injury and he retired in 1996. His last game was against Geelong in round 5 of 1996. He captained the club for three seasons from 1994 and was appointed a Director of the club in June 2008. In December 2013, he became a Life Member of the club.
In 2019, Free was inducted into the Richmond \'Hall of Fame\'
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# Yan-gant-y-tan
***Yan-gant-y-tan*** is the name of a demon from Brittany, France.
## Etymology
Collin de Plancy, in the *Dictionnaire Infernal*, gives the meaning of his name as \'Wanderer in the Night\', but the translation of his name from Breton seems to be cognate to \'John with the Fire\' (compare Will o\' the Wisp). Meeting him is said to be an evil omen.
## Appearance in folklore {#appearance_in_folklore}
*Yan-gant-y-tan* wanders the nights in Finistère. He holds five candles on the five fingers of his right hand (compare Hand of Glory) and spins them about like a flaming wheel, as a result of which he is unable to turn quickly for fear of extinguishing their light. A sure way to ward off the bad omen of *Yan-gant-y-tan* is to leave a small bag of gold or of gold chain around a travelers post which *Yan-gant-y-tan* will steal and leave the house for another day. He is often depicted as a wiry old troll or hairy wildman, but the only way to distinguish him from other such creatures is the 5 candles upon his hand. In contrast to his nature as a bad omen it is said that he may appear and give five candles to a person who has none, thus lighting the way for a traveller the rest of the night
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# Acacallis (mythology)
Acacallis}} **Acacallis** (Ancient Greek: Ἀκακαλλίς) in Greek mythology, was princess of Crete. The *Bibliotheca* calls her **Acalle** (Ἀκάλλη).
## Family
Acacallis was the daughter of Minos, king of Crete, and Pasiphae the daughter of Helios, or Crete the daughter of Asterion. She was the sister of Ariadne, Androgeus, Deucalion, Phaedra, Glaucus, Catreus and Xenodice.
According to a Cretan mythological tradition, she had a son with Hermes, Cydon, the founder of Cydonia. Other traditions give Cydon as the offspring of Acacallis and Apollo, and thus, brother to Oaxes. Yet others wrote that Acacallis mothered Cydon with Hermes, and Naxos (eponym of the island Naxos) with Apollo.
Another tradition relates that Acacallis and Apollo had a son named Miletus. Still other traditions relate that another son was born of her and Apollo, named Amphithemis or Garamas (in some stories, the first mortal born). Lastly by Apollo, she was also said to be the mother of Phylacides and Phylander.
Relation Names Sources
------------ -------------------- ---------
Apollonius
*Arg.* *Sch.*
*Parents* Minos and Pasiphae
Minos and Crete
Minos ✓
*Consort* Hermes
Apollo ✓
*Children* Amphithemis ✓
Cydon
Naxos
Phylacides
Phylander
Miletus
Oaxes
: Comparative table of Acacallis\' family
## Mythology
Fearing her father\'s wrath, she exposed her son Miletus, but Apollo commanded she-wolves to nurse it until it could be taken in and raised by shepherds. He grew up strong and handsome, and Minos was seized with desire for the boy. Miletus fled Crete to avoid being becoming the eromenos of the king, and went on to found the eponymous city, Miletus.
Pausanias relates that when Apollo came to Carmanor to be cleansed for the murder of Python, he mated with Acacallis (said to be a nymph in this particular version), and that from their union were born Phylacides and Phylander. People of the Cretan city Elyrus sent to Delphi a bronze statue of a goat suckling these two children, which suggests that they must have been abandoned by their mother.
Acacallis was in Crete a common name for a narcissus
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# Nordenskjöld Lake
The **Nordenskjöld** (*\'\'\'Lago Nordenskjöld\'\'\'* or *\'\'\'Lago Nordenskiöld\'\'\'*) is a lake in Torres del Paine National Park in the Magallanes Region, southern Chile. The lake is named after the Swede Otto Nordenskjöld, who explored the region at the beginning of the 20th century. The outfall of Nordenskjöld Lake consists of a waterfall known as Salto Grande. At this western end of the lake on the southern side is an abundance of wildlife, including grazing guanaco
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# R. Edward Freeman
**Robert Edward Freeman** (born December 18, 1951) is an American philosopher and professor of business administration at the Darden School of the University of Virginia, particularly known for his work on stakeholder theory (1984) and on business ethics.
## Biography
Born in Columbus, Georgia, Freeman received a B.A. in mathematics and philosophy from Duke University in 1973 and a Ph.D. in philosophy from Washington University in St. Louis in 1978.
He taught at the University of Minnesota and the Wharton School, and is now Elis and Signe Olsson Professor of Business Administration at the Darden School of the University of Virginia. He is also academic director of the Business Roundtable Institute for Corporate Ethics, and director of the Darden\'s Olsson Center for Applied Ethics. In 1994 Freeman served as president of the Society for Business Ethics. He is one of the executive editors of the journal *Philosophy of Management*, and he serves as the editor for the Ruffin Series in business ethics from Oxford University Press.
In 2001 Freeman was awarded the Pioneer Award for Lifetime Achievement by the World Resources Institute and by the Aspen Institute, and in 2005 the Virginia State Council on Higher Education honored him with the Outstanding Faculty Award.
## Work
Freeman is particularly known for his work on stakeholder theory originally published in his 1984 book *Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach*. He has (co)authored other books on corporate strategy and business ethics. Also recently he co-edited standard business textbooks such as *The Portable MBA* and the *Blackwell\'s Handbook of Strategic Management.* His latest book, *Managing for Stakeholders*, was published 2007.
### Stakeholder theory {#stakeholder_theory}
Stakeholder theory is a theory of organizational management and business ethics that addresses morals and values in managing an organization. It was originally detailed by Freeman in the book *Strategic Management: a Stakeholder Approach*, and identifies and models the groups which are stakeholders of a corporation, and both describes and recommends methods by which management can give due regard to the interests of those groups. In short, it attempts to address the \"Principle of Who or What Really Counts.\"
In the traditional view of the firm, the shareholder view, the shareholders or stockholders are the owners of the company, and the firm has a binding fiduciary duty to put their needs first, to increase value for them. However, stakeholder theory argues that there are other parties involved, including governmental bodies, political groups, trade associations, trade unions, communities, financiers, suppliers, employees, and customers. Sometimes even competitors are counted as stakeholders -- their status being derived from their capacity to affect the firm and its other morally legitimate stakeholders. The nature of what is a stakeholder is highly contested (Miles, 2012), with several definitions existing in the academic literature (Miles, 2011).
### Corporate social responsibility {#corporate_social_responsibility}
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance within the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. CSR is a process with the aim to embrace responsibility for the company\'s actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders.
The term \"corporate social responsibility\" came into common use in the late 1960s and early 1970s after many multinational corporations formed the term stakeholder, meaning those on whom an organization\'s activities have an impact. It was used to describe corporate owners beyond shareholders as a result of an influential book by Freeman, *Strategic management: a stakeholder approach* in 1984. Proponents argue that corporations make more long term profits by operating with a perspective, while critics argue that CSR distracts from the economic role of businesses. Others argue CSR is merely window-dressing, or an attempt to pre-empt the role of governments as a watchdog over powerful multinational corporations. Anticipation of such concepts appear in a publication that appeared in 1968 by Italian economist Giancarlo Pallavicini, creator of the \"Method of the decomposition of the parameters\" for the calculation of the results does not directly cost of business, regarding ethical issues, moral, social, cultural and environmental.
## Selected publications {#selected_publications}
### Books
- *Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach* (1984). Boston: Pitman. `{{ISBN|978-0273019138}}`{=mediawiki}.
- *Corporate Strategy and the Search for Ethics* (1988), with Daniel R. Gilbert. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- Management, 5th ed. (1992), with James A. F. Stoner. Inglewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. `{{ISBN|978-0135443132}}`{=mediawiki}.
- *Managing for Stakeholders: Survival, Reputation and Success* (2007), with Jeffrey Harrison and Andrew C. Wicks. Yale University Press. `{{ISBN|978-0300138498}}`{=mediawiki}.
- *Business Ethics: A Managerial Approach* (2009), with Andrew C. Wicks and Patricia H. Werhane. `{{ISBN|978-0131427921}}`{=mediawiki}.
- *Stakeholder Theory: The State of the Art* (2010), with Jeffrey S. Harrison, Andrew C. Wicks, Bidhan L. Parmar and Simone de Colle. Cambridge University Press. `{{ISBN|978-0521190817}}`{=mediawiki}.
- *The Power of And -- Responsible Business without Trade-Off* (2018). Columbia Business School.
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# R. Edward Freeman
## Selected publications {#selected_publications}
### Articles
- \"Stakeholder Management and CSR: Questions and Answers,\" with Alexander Moutchnik. *UmweltWirtschaftsForum* \[*Environmental Business Forum*\], vol. 21, no. 1--2 (Sep. 2013), pp. 5--9. `{{doi|10.1007/s00550-013-0266-3}}`{=mediawiki}. `{{S2CID|154210736}}`{=mediawiki}. `{{ISSN|0943-3481}}`{=mediawiki}. `{{ISSN|1432-2293}}`{=mediawiki}
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# Flashback 2
***Flashback 2*** is a 2023 science fiction action-adventure game developed and published by Microids. It is a sequel to *Flashback*.
## Development and release {#development_and_release}
In May 2021, *Flashback 2* was announced for personal computers and multiple consoles. The game was developed by Microids who did not specify how the game would be connected to *Fade to Black*. It turns out that *Flashback 2* is a prequel set 8 years before the original.
The game was released on November 16, 2023 for the PlayStation 5, Windows and Xbox Series X/S, with previous generation consoles getting their release in 2025.
## Reception
*Flashback 2* received \"generally unfavorable reviews\", according to review aggregator Metacritic. Metacritic listed it the second worst game of 2023
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# Grey Glacier
**Grey Glacier** is a glacier in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, just west of the Cordillera del Paine. It flows southward into the lake of the same name. Before dividing in two at its front end, the glacier is 6 kilometers wide and over 30 meters high. In 1996, it occupied a total area of 270 km2 and a length of 28 km. In November 2017 a large iceberg broke off the glacier.
\_\_TOC\_\_
## Surroundings
The glacier is at the south end of the Southern Patagonia Ice Field. The surface of the lake can be seen when following the big circuit of Paine Mountain Range at John Gardner Pass. There is another view of the glacier from the south shore of the lake where the glacier can be seen in the background, with fragments of ice floating close to the shore. It is located to the west side of the Torres del Paine National Park.
## Gallery
<File:GalciarGrey.jpg%7CView> from the west side <File:Grey> Glacier icebergs Stevage.jpg\|Icebergs calved by the glacier
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# Jan Tauer
**Jan Tauer** (born 26 August 1983) is a German former professional footballer who played as a defender.
## Career
Tauer was born in Düsseldorf.
He joined Djurgårdens IF from Eintracht Braunschweig at the start of the 2007 season, and made his Allsvenskan debut for Djurgården against IF Brommapojkarna. He scored his first goal for Djurgården against IFK Göteborg when IFK midfielder Niclas Alexandersson tried to clear the ball and hit Tauer in the back, which made the ball to bounce into the goal. Tauer left Djurgården after the 2009 season and signed on 21 December 2009 for VfL Osnabrück.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In summer 2017 Tauer returned to Germany from Sweden and joined lower league club DJK Sparta Bilk
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# Walter Pach
**Walter Pach** (July 1, 1883 -- November 27, 1958) was an artist, critic, lecturer, art adviser, and art historian who wrote extensively about modern art and championed its cause. Through his numerous books, articles, and translations of European art texts Pach brought the emerging modernist viewpoint to the American public.
He organized exhibitions of contemporary art for New York City galleries of the period. He was also extremely helpful to Arthur B. Davies, president of the landmark exhibition of 1913, the \"International Exhibition of Modern Art,\" known as the Armory Show, as well as to one of its founders Walt Kuhn, by bringing together leading contemporary European and American artists. Another original founder Jerome Myers spent over a year supervising the American portion of the show.
Pach helped John Quinn and Walter Arensberg gather their collections. He also secured individual works for museums, such as a portrait by Thomas Eakins for the Louvre, and Jacques-Louis David\'s *The Death of Socrates* for the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Pach\'s fluency in French, German, and Spanish made it possible for him to understand and interpret the avant-garde ideas developing in Europe and translate them for the English-speaking audience. He was able to communicate personally with many noted artists in Europe and Mexico and mediate between gallery dealers and museum curators on their behalf. His correspondence with major figures in 20th-century art are an important source of information, not only about the artists but about the art world during the first half of the 20th century.
## Biography
Pach was born in New York City on July 11, 1883. His father, Gotthelf Pach, was a prominent commercial photographer who, with his family, ran the New York studio of Pach Bros. They did most of the photographic work for the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The young Pach often accompanied his father on museum assignments. In 1903, Pach graduated from the City College of New York with a degree in art. He studied with Robert Henri at the New York School of Art and went abroad to paint with William Merritt Chase in the summers of 1903 and 1904.
In 1907, Pach moved to France and became part of the Gertrude and Leo Stein circle, and moved among the Parisian avant-garde, exhibiting with them and writing about their work and new artistic vision. In 1908 he wrote the first article on Cézanne to be published in the U.S., which appeared in *Scribner\'s Magazine*. He also interviewed Claude Monet that year and published an article about him in the same periodical. He helped manage and teach in several of William Merritt Chase\'s summer art schools in various European locales.
Pach was the only American artist to be closely affiliated with the Section d\'Or group of artists, including Albert Gleizes, Jean Metzinger, Duchamp brothers Marcel Duchamp, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Jacques Villon and others. Pach was responsible for securing loans from these painters for the 1913 Armory Show. Most of the artists in Paris who sent works to the Armory Show knew Pach personally and entrusted their works to him.
Pach married artist Magdalene Frohberg in 1914, and their son Raymond was born at the end of that year. He began advising Walter and Louise Arensberg on their art collecting and introduced them to Marcel Duchamp in 1915. The following year, with Duchamp and the Arensbergs, he was a major force in the creation of the Society of Independent Artists. In the summer of 1918 Pach taught two classes, including one on modern art, at the University of California at Berkeley. In the summer of 1922 he taught at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, where he lectured and wrote about Native American art. He helped organize exhibitions and raised money for a museum to be dedicated to the indigenous arts of the Americas. He was also a friend of José Clemente Orozco and Diego Rivera and helped organize the Mexican chapter of the Society of Independent Artists. In 1923 he began an affiliation with New York University, where he taught periodically.
While he is not remembered today as a painter, Pach devoted much of his creative efforts to painting. He thought of himself both an artist and a writer, despite advice from friends like art historian Bernard Berenson who urged him to devote his time to writing.
His writings include monographs on a wide range of subjects, social commentary on the art world, and a book on museum structures. His first publications included brochures for the 1913 Armory Show, including Odilon Redon, and a book about the work of his close friend Raymond Duchamp-Villon titled *A Sculptor\'s Architecture*.
In 1923, Pach wrote *Georges Seurat*, a book art historian John Rewald later cited by as an important text on the artist. *Masters of Modern Art* and a monograph on Duchamp-Villon in French were published the following year. The first solo exhibition of his own art took place in 1925 at Joseph Brummer Galleries, New York.
He created a stir in 1928 in the art world with *Ananias, or The False Artist*, a well-known indictment of opportunistic artists and corruption in the art world.
Pach considered Vincent van Gogh a seminal figure in the development of modern art and was the first historian to lecture on him in America. He published his well-received monograph, *Vincent Van Gogh*, in 1936, and translated the journals of Eugène Delacroix in 1937. His recollections of a life spent in art, *Queer Thing, Painting*, appeared in 1938. *Ingres* was published in 1939, as well as *Masterpieces of Art*, written for the 1939 New York World\'s Fair, for which he was the exhibition director. His 1948 *The Art Museum in America* called into question the relevance, responsibility, and future of the American art museum. He long championed the artists of Mexico and published an essay on Diego Rivera in 1951 for the National Museum of Fine Arts, Mexico, for its 50-year retrospective exhibition on the artist. His last book, *The Classical Tradition in Modern Art*, was published posthumously in 1959.
He died on November 27, 1958, in Manhattan, New York City
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# Jack Rush
**Jack Rush** (born February 3, 1966, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American non-fiction writer, screenwriter, and actor, who has appeared in tv shows, films, and stage plays since the early 1980s. Since then he has resided in Los Angeles, California, and coached and directed actors in a variety of media. His most recent endeavor in aiding actors is a non-fiction work entitled *The Actor\'s Rulebook: The Essential Guide to Your Acting Career,* which has attracted thousands of viewers in communities such as myspace and other social networking websites.
It is believed that Jack Rush is the author\'s pseudonym, which has led to some speculation over his actual identity
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# Baalbek District
**Baalbek District** (*قضاء بعلبك*) is an administrative district in the Baalbek-Hermel Governorate of the Republic of Lebanon, having the city Baalbek as its capital. It is by far the largest district in the country comprising a total of 2319 km2
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# Joel Steed
**Joel Steed** (born February 17, 1969) is an American former professional football player who was a nose tackle for eight seasons for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Colorado Buffaloes.
Steed was selected by the Steelers in the third round of the 1992 NFL draft. Steed quickly started at nose tackle and was a starter for the team throughout the 1990s
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# Nara Sada Ishq Aye
***Nara Sada Ishq Aye*** is the seventh, and to date the latest, album of Pakistani pop and bhangra singer Abrar-ul-Haq. It was released in March 2007.
The song \"Parveen\" from this album became a subject of controversy when the Supreme Court of Pakistan summoned an explanation from Abrar-ul-Haq, alleging that it used the name Parveen in a derogatory manner that would hurt the sentiments of society. Abrar-ul-Haq told reporters the song referred to \"Parmeen\"; the song title \"Permeen\" is shown on versions of the album that are available.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Rano Khiza Mix\" (feat. Cheshire Cat)
2. \"Parveen\" (Alternative title: \"Permeen\")
3. \"Jatt\"
4. \"Naraa Sada Ishq Aey\"
5. \"Saanso Mein\"
6. \"Patlo\"
7. \"Run Babay Di\"
8. \"Mela\"
9. \"Maan\"
10
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# Serge Zwikker
**Serge Zwikker** (born April 28, 1973) is a Dutch former basketball player.
## High School career {#high_school_career}
Zwikker, the son of a police officer and a mother who worked in the flower business, first came to the United States in 1988, playing for Don Kent at Monsignor Clancy Memorial High School in Queens, New York. He then transferred to Flint Hill Preparatory School, and then finished his prep career at Harker Prep in Potomac, Maryland. Zwikker was a 1992 McDonald\'s All-American.
## College career {#college_career}
After redshirting one year, he played four years of college basketball for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill under coach Dean Smith. He saw limited playing time his first two years, usually coming off the bench for Rasheed Wallace. Zwikker\'s college career breakthrough came March 17, 1995 against Murray State University. Plagued by an ankle injury, Wallace scored only six points before Smith went to the uninjured Zwikker in relief. Zwikker went on to score 19 points as he and Jerry Stackhouse led the Tar Heels to an 80--70 win. Zwikker became the Tar Heels\' starting center following Wallace\'s departure in the 1995 NBA draft. As a senior, he averaged 11.5 points and 8.1 rebounds per game, while serving as a team captain with Shammond Williams.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Houston Rockets (1997--1998) {#houston_rockets_19971998}
Zwikker was selected by the Houston Rockets with the first pick of the second round (29th overall) in the 1997 NBA draft, and spent one season on the Rockets\' bench. However, he did not record any playing time. Due to the 1998 NBA lockout, he signed a three-year contract with TAU Cerámica in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
On January 22, 1999, the Rockets renounced the rights to Zwikker.
### Return to Europe (1998--2000) {#return_to_europe_19982000}
Zwikker played Euroleague basketball in 1998--99, first playing for TAU Cerámica in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, and then for Gorizia in Italy. After only ten games with Gorizia, his season ended due to a back injury. At the beginning of the 2000--01 season, he played three games for Conesco Den Helder in his native Netherlands.
### National team {#national_team}
Zwikker played in the 1990 European Championship for Junior Men and later also represented the Dutch men\'s national team.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
After his basketball career ended, Zwikker, who had earned a degree in communication, started a career in IT in the United States
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# EuroJet Turbo GmbH
**EuroJet Turbo GmbH** is a multi-national engine manufacturing consortium. It is headquartered in Hallbergmoos, Germany.
The consortium was created in 1986 to manage the development, production, support, maintenance, support and sales of the EJ200, a military grade turbofan engine. The present partner companies involved are Rolls-Royce of the United Kingdom, Avio of Italy, ITP Aero of Spain and MTU Aero Engines of Germany. Its main product, the EJ200, principally powers the Eurofighter Typhoon fighter aircraft, it is also available for use on other platforms.
## History
Eurojet GmbH was formed in 1986 to manage the development, production, support, maintenance, support and sales of the EJ200 turbofan engine for the Eurofighter Typhoon. The selection of the EJ200 had some controversy attached to it at the time as, while Italy, West Germany and the UK had agreed to proceed, it had confirmed France\'s decision to withdraw itself from the programme. A major contributing factor for France\'s lack of involvement was an insistence that the Eurofighter be powered by a French-built engine, the SNECMA M88, which was viewed as not being as attractive or promising as the EJ200 to the other nations involved.
At the time of its establishment, the original partners in Eurojet GmbH were Rolls-Royce, MTU, Fiat and Sener. However, since then, Fiat\'s aircraft engine division has been demerged, becoming Avio. Sener\'s aircraft engine division is now ITP Aero, a wholly owned subsidiary of Rolls-Royce following its acquisition of Sener\'s stake in the firm.
On 30 January 1998, the first production contract was signed between Eurofighter GmbH, Eurojet and NETMA. In December 2006, Eurojet completed deliveries of the 363 EJ200s for the Tranche 1 Eurofighters. Tranche 2 aircraft require 519 EJ200s. `{{As of|2006|12}}`{=mediawiki}, Eurojet was contracted to produce a total of 1,400 engines for the Eurofighter project.
The EJ200 engine combined the leading technologies from each of the four European companies, using advanced digital control and health monitoring; wide chord aerofoils and single crystal turbine blades; and a convergent / divergent exhaust nozzle to give excellent thrust-to-weight ratio, multimission capability, supercruise performance, low fuel consumption, low cost of ownership, modular construction and significant growth potential.
Several improvements to the base model of the engine have been mooted. In addition to the potential for increased thrust output of up to 30%, the EJ200 engine has the potential to be fitted with a thrust vectoring control (TVC) nozzle, which the Eurofighter and Eurojet consortium have been actively developing and testing, primarily for export but also for future upgrades of the fleet. TVC could reduce fuel burn on a typical Typhoon mission by up to 5%, as well as increase available thrust in supercruise by up to 7% and take-off thrust by 2%. Eurojet has sought funding to test TVC nozzles on a flight demonstrator. Clemens Linden, Eurojet TURBO GmbH CEO, stated in 2018 of the consortium\'s development efforts that \"To achieve more thrust we would increase the airflow and pressure ratios of the high and low pressure compressors and run higher temperatures in the turbines by using the latest generation single crystal turbine blade materials. And with higher aerodynamic efficiencies we can achieve a lower fuel burn. A third area of improvement would be the engine exhaust nozzle which would be upgraded with the installation of a 2-parametric version allowing independent and optimized adjustment of the throat and exit area at all flight conditions, providing fuel burn advantages. The technologies for the different components are at a Technology readiness level of between 7 and 9. The nozzle has been at ITP in Spain on a test bed for 400 hours.\"
## Workshare
Partner company Development share Production share Responsibilities
------------------ ------------------- ------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rolls-Royce 33% 34.5% Combustion system, high-pressure turbine and engine health monitoring system.
MTU Aero Engines 33% 30% Low pressure and high-pressure compressors, system design responsibility for the Digital Engine Control and Monitoring Unit
Avio 21% 19.5% Low-pressure turbine, reheat system, gearbox and air/oil system.
ITP Aero 13% 16% Exhaust nozzles, jet pipe, exhaust diffuser, by-pass duct and external dressings
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# Microsoft SenseCam
**Microsoft\'s SenseCam** is a lifelogging camera with a fisheye lens and trigger sensors, such as accelerometers, heat sensing, and audio, invented by Lyndsay Williams, a patent granted in 2009. Usually worn around the neck, Sensecam is used for the MyLifeBits project, a lifetime storage database. Early developers were James Srinivasan and Trevor Taylor. The SenseCam and similar products like Autographer, Glogger and the Narrative Clip are all examples of Wearable Computing.
Wearable neck-worn cameras contribute to an easier way of collecting and indexing one\'s daily experiences by unobtrusively taking photographs whenever a change in temperature, movement, or lighting triggers the internal sensor. The SenseCam is also equipped with an accelerometer, which is used to trigger images and can also stabilise images so as to reduce blurriness. The camera is usually worn around the neck via a lanyard.
The photos represent almost every experience of its wearer\'s day. They are taken via a wide-angle lens to capture an image likely to contain most of what the wearer can see. The SenseCam uses a flash memory, which has the means to store upwards of 2,000 photos per day as JPG files, though more recent models with larger and faster memory cards mean a wearer typically stores up to 4,000 images per day. These files can then be uploaded and automatically viewed as a daily movie, which can be easily reviewed and indexed using a custom viewer application running on a PC. It is possible to replay the images from a single day in a few minutes. An alternative way of viewing images is to have a day\'s worth of data automatically segmented into \'events\' and to use an event-based browser which can view each event (of 50, 100 or more individual SenseCam images) using a keyframe chosen as a representative of that event.
SenseCams have mostly been used in medical applications, particularly to aid those with poor memory as a result of disease or brain trauma. Several studies have been published by Chris Moulin, Aiden R. Doherty and Alan F. Smeaton showing how reviewing one\'s SenseCam images can lead to what Martin A. Conway, a memory researcher from the University of Leeds, calls \"Proustian moments\", characterised as floods of recalled details of some event in the past. SenseCams have also been used in lifelogging, and Cathal Gurrin at Dublin City University, Ireland, has been wearing a SenseCam for most of his waking hours since 2006 and has generated over 13 million SenseCam images of his life.
In October 2009, SenseCam technology was adopted by Vicon Revue and is now available as a product.
There is a wiki dedicated to SenseCam technical issues, software, news, and various research activities and publications about, and using, SenseCam.
## Projections
Microsoft Research has contributed a device to aid lifebloggers among several potential users. SenseCam was first developed to help people with memory loss, but the camera is currently being tested to aid those with serious cognitive memory loss. The SenseCam produces images very similar to one\'s memory, particularly episodic memory, which is usually in the form of visual imagery. By reviewing the day\'s filmstrip, patients with Alzheimer\'s, amnesia, and other memory impairments found it much easier to retrieve lost memories.
Microsoft Research has also tested internal audio level detection and audio recording for the SenseCam, although there are no plans to build these into the research prototypes at the moment. The research team is also exploring the potential of including sensors that will monitor the wearer\'s heart rate, body temperature, and other physiological changes, along with an electrocardiogram recorder when capturing pictures.
Other possible applications include using the camera\'s records for ethnographic studies of social phenomena, monitoring food intake, and assessing an environment\'s accessibility for people with disabilities
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# Snowden (EP)
***Snowden EP*** is the first EP by the band Snowden, released in 2005. It contains early versions of songs which would later be reworked and released on their debut album *Anti-Anti*, such as \"Victim Card\" and \"Kill the Power\", as well as several exclusive songs.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Victim Card\"
2. \"Good News\"
3. \"Chin Up\"
4. \"Kill the Power\"
5. \"Come Around\"
6
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# Brenden Stai
**Brenden Michael Stai** (born March 30, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive guard for eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL) during the 1990s and early 2000s. He played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers, earning consensus All-American honors in 1994. He was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the third round of the 1995 NFL draft, and also played for the Jacksonville Jaguars, Detroit Lions and Washington Redskins of the NFL.
## Early life {#early_life}
Stai was born in Phoenix, Arizona. Married in 1995 to Jennifer Stai (Harney), Stai has 3 children. Christina (1995), Bryce (1999), and Brianna (2002).
## College career {#college_career}
He attended the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and played for coach Tom Osborne\'s Nebraska Cornhuskers football team from 1991 to 1994. As a senior in 1994, Stai was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American and was a member of the Cornhuskers\' team that defeated the Miami Hurricanes 24--17 in the Orange Bowl to win a consensus national championship.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
The Pittsburgh Steelers in the third round (91st pick overall) of the 1995 NFL Draft. He played for the Steelers from `{{NFL Year|1995}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{NFL Year|1999}}`{=mediawiki}. Stai earned an AFC Championship with Pittsburgh in 1995; the Steelers presented all players with a ring to commemorate the achievement. Stai\'s ring was stolen in 2000 during a move to Jacksonville; the ring was returned to Stai in 2009 after someone attempted to sell it to Cash4Gold.com.
In eight NFL seasons, Stai appeared in 105 regular season games and started 96 of them
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# Josaphat-Robert Large
**Josaphat-Robert Large** (November 15, 1942 -- October 28, 2017) was a Euro-Haitian-American poet, novelist and art critic. His novel *Les terres entourées de larmes* \[Shore surrounded with tears\] won the prestigious Prix littéraire des Caraïbes (Caribbean literary Prize) in 2003. He was nominated for the Haitian grand Literary Prize of 2004, together with Edwidge Danticat, René Depestre, Frankétienne, Gary Klang, Dany Laferrière and Leslie Manigat (ex-president of Haiti, the winner of the Prize).
Large was also one of the finalists at the Ushant (Ouessant in French) Literary Contest in 2002. He wrote in both French and Haitian Creole. Josaphat-Robert Large was a member of \" La Société des Gens de Lettres de France\" (Society of French intellectuals), of the \"Association des Écrivains de langue française\" (Association of writers of French origin) and of the PEN Club America. The Society of French and francophone teachers of America has organized two colloquium on his literary production (specially his novels), one at Florida International University in 2001 and one at Fordham University in 2006. Large also participated in the famous festival Étonnants-Voyageurs in 2007 and in 2008, he was one of the author in the great literary opening organized in Port-au-Prince by the Presses Nationales d\'Haiti (National Press of Haiti).
## Exile
Josaphat-Robert Large left Haiti at the end of 1963, after being arrested during a student strike against the regime of Papa Doc Duvalier. In New York, he studied English at Columbia University and photography at New York institute of Photography. He was a founding member of La Troupe de Théâtre Kouidor (Theatre group Kouidor) and frequently wrote for Haitian newspapers such as Haïti Progrès, Haïti en Marche, Le Nouvelliste and Lire Haiti.
## Death
Large died of cancer in 2017.
## Selected works {#selected_works}
- *Nerfs du vent* -- Compilation of Poems, Paris, 1975. Rev. ed. Publisher: Ruptures, Washington DC, 2013
- *Chute de mots* -- Compilation of Poems, Paris, 1989
- *Les sentiers de l\'enfer* -- Novel, Paris, 1990
- *Pè Sèt* ! -- Compilation of Poems Written in Creole, Miami, 1994, reed. 1996
- *Les récoltes de la folie* -- Novel, Paris, 1996
- *Les terres entourées de larmes* -- Novel, Paris, 2002
- *Keep on Keepin\'On*, English translation of *Pè Sèt* ! by Jack Hirschman, iUniverse, 2006
- *Rete! Kote Lamèsi* -- Novel written in Haitian Creole, Port-au-Prince, 2008.
- *Partir sur un coursier de nuages* -- Novel, Paris, 2008.
- *Échos en fuite* -- Compilation of Poems, Paris, 2010
- *Istwa Nanm Mwen* -- Compilation of Poems Written in Haitian Creole, Port-au-Prince, 2010
- *Jérémie et sa Verdoyante Grand\'Anse* -- Photography and Poems, Coconut Creek, 2012
- *Le Domic\'île* -- Compilation of Poems, New York, 2012
- *Rekot Powetik* -- Poems from Students of Ecole Normale de Marfranc, in French and Haitian Creole, Edited by Josaphat-R Large, Ruptures, Washington, 2013
- *Mississippi Blues* -- Novel, published by Ruptures, Washington, D.C., 2015
## Compact discs {#compact_discs}
- *Eko Dlo* \[LaGrandans debòde\] -- Poems in Creole with background music by Haitian pianist Eddy Prophète, Montréal, 2006
- *5 Années de Textes et de Chansons des Vendredis littéraires*, Poems in French and in Creole by Frankétienne, Lyonel Trouillot, Claude Pierre and Josaphat-Robert Large, August 2000.
## Play
- *La voix du Bisaïeul* -- Play in French (Stage Director Max Kénol), New York July 1998
- *Dany Laferriere en pyjama* -- Presented at United Nations (Stage Director Max Kénol), New York, February 2014
- *Les colis de la traite* -- Play written for La Semaine des victimes de l\'esclavage for United Nations, (Stage Director Max Kénol), NY 2014
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# Josaphat-Robert Large
## Short Story {#short_story}
- *Rosanna* -- Mystery fiction in \"Haiti Noir\", Edited by Edwidge Danticat, Akashic Books, New York, 2011
- *Dark Days in Port-au-Prince*, Exquisite Corpse, Part 5 by J-R Large, Part 2 by Ibi Zoboi, Part 1-6 by Roxane Gay, Part 3 by Jessica Fievre, Part 4 by K Ulysse, Akashic Books, Brooklyn, NY, 2014
## Awards
- Prix littéraire des Caraïbes 2003 \[Caribbean literary Prize\] given by L\'Association des Ecrivains de langue française (The Association of French writers)
- Finaliste Concours Ouessant, 2002 (Finalist Ushant literary contest, in August 2002).
- Nominated for Haitian Grand Literary Prize in 2004, at the Miami Book Fair International of 2004
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# Neurolaw
**Neurolaw** is a field of interdisciplinary study that explores the effects of discoveries in neuroscience on legal rules and standards. Drawing from neuroscience, philosophy, social psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and criminology, neurolaw practitioners seek to address not only the descriptive and predictive issues of how neuroscience is and will be used in the legal system, but also the normative issues of how neuroscience should and should not be used.
The rapid growth of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research has led to new insights on neuroanatomical structure and function, which has led to a greater understanding of human behavior and cognition. As a response, there has been an emergence of questions regarding how these findings can be applied to criminology and legal processes. Major areas of current neurolaw research include courtroom applications, legal implications of neuroscience findings, and how neuroscience-related jurisdiction can be created and applied.
Despite the growing interest in neurolaw and its potential applications, the legal realm recognizes the substantial opportunity for misuse and is proceeding cautiously with novel research outcomes.
## History
The term neurolaw was first coined by J. Sherrod Taylor in 1991, in a Neuropsychology journal article analyzing the role of psychologists and lawyers in the criminal justice system. After this publication, scholars from both fields began to network through presentations and dialogs, and start to publish books, articles, and other literature about this intersection. Parallel to the expansion of neurolaw, an emergence of neuroethics was developing.
The intersection of neurolaw and ethics was able to be better scrutinized by the initiation of the Law and Neuroscience Project by The MacArthur Foundation. Phase I of this project was launched in 2007 with a \$10 million grant. The initiative sustained forty projects addressing a multitude of issues, including experimental and theoretical data that will provide further evidence as to how neuroscience may eventually shape the law. The Gruter Institute for Law and Behavioral Research and the Dana Foundation are some of the prominent institutions that receive grants and conduct neurolaw research under this initiative.
Neurolaw has also piqued the interests of several universities, such as Baylor College of Medicine\'s Initiative on Neuroscience and the Law, now known as the national nonprofit, called the Center for Science & Law. SciLaw, as the organization is known, seeks to leverage neuroscience, law, ethics, programming, and data science to analyze policies and develop solutions to advance the criminal justice system. Their stated goal is to \'steer social policy in an evidenced-based manner, thereby reducing rates of incarceration and providing innovative options for improving the criminal justice system in a cost effective and humane way\'. The University of Pennsylvania's Center for Neuroscience and Society began in July 2009, and is working towards confronting the social, legal, and ethical inferences of neuroscience. Vanderbilt University created the first dual J.D./PhD in the United States in 2010.
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# Neurolaw
## Neurocriminology
A few important sources have shaped the way that neuroscience is currently used in the courtroom. Primarily, J. Sherrod Taylor\'s book, *Neurolaw: Brain and Spinal Cord Injury* (1997), which was used as a resource for attorneys to properly introduce medical jargon into the courtroom and to further develop the implications of neuroscience on litigation. In this book, Taylor also explained the consequences of *Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals*. This United States Supreme Court case resulted in what is now known as Daubert Standard, which sets rules regarding the use of scientific evidence in the courtroom. This standard governs the way that neuroscience evidence can be presented during a court case.
### Criminal perception {#criminal_perception}
Recently, Petoft and his colleagues introduced a newly coined term: \"Criminal perception\" \"as an ability that makes it possible for a child to understand criminal situations and behave lawfully.\" The term encompasses two distinct intertwined characteristics of children mean Social and Moral Personalities. The former employs the areas of the brain which contribute to normative cognition and person perception; and the latter stems from the cognitive networks by which gut feeling, emotional awareness, and conscious deliberation are realized in a criminal situation.
### Crime prediction {#crime_prediction}
Behavioral testing and neuroimaging evidence offer potentially more accurate modalities for predicting human behavior. Developing these tools to be used in criminology would be beneficial particularly in determining criminal sentence length and in assessing risk for which criminals should remain in jail or be released based on prediction of future offenses. Not only could the adaptation of these tools aid in the process of recidivism, but they could also show indications for the need for personal rehabilitation. In light of this information and its potential applications, the legal system seeks to create a balance between punishment and penalties based on the ability to predict additional criminal activity.
The Center for Science & Law has developed a suite of mobile and gamified NeuroCognitive Risk Assessments (NCRA) to help steer people to the proper post-conviction rehabilitation programs by harnessing what drives individual decision making. By understanding individual differences in aggression, empathy, decision making, and impulsivity \-- without reference to race \-- the group states they can build better and fairer inroads to rehabilitation. As a risk assessment, it was found to be as predictive or more so than risk assessments commonly used. Holding consistent with their mission to \"advance justice\", the NCRA does not collect race data making for a more fair and unbiased assessment.
### Insanity defense {#insanity_defense}
The tendency of the United States criminal justice system has been to limit the degree to which one can claim innocence based on mental illness. During the middle of the 20th century many courts, through the Durham Rules and the American Law Institute Model Penal Code, regarded impaired volition as legitimate grounds for the insanity defense. However, when John Hinckley was acquitted due to insanity in 1982, a reversal of this opinion occurred, which spurred a narrowing definition of mental illness. Insanity decisions became increasingly based on the M'Naghten Rules, which asserted that unless one was able to prove that a mental illness kept him or her from knowing that their actions were wrong, or knowing the disposition of the criminal act, one would not be able to be tried as criminally insane.
Contemporary research conducted on the prefrontal cortex has criticized this standpoint because it considers impaired volition as a factor. Many researchers and courts are beginning to consider \"irresistible impulse\" as legitimate grounds for mental illness. One of the factors neurosciences have added to the insanity defense is the claim that the brain "made someone do it." In these cases, the argument is based on the notion that individuals\' decisions are made for them, before they are able to consciously realize what they are doing.
Further research on control and inhibition mechanisms will allow for further modifications to the insanity defense. Impaired functioning of the PFC is evidence that a prime factor in mental illness is disrupted volition. Many experiments using fMRI show that one of the functions of the PFC is to bias a person towards taking the more difficult action. This action is representative of a long-term reward, and it is competing with an action that will lead to immediate satisfaction. It is responsible for moral reasoning, including regret. Individual variations that impair the PFC are extremely detrimental to the decision-making process and give an individual a greater likelihood in a committing a crime he or she would have otherwise not committed.
### Brain death {#brain_death}
Injuries or illnesses that lead to a persistent vegetative state have come to the forefront of many ethical, legal, and scientific issues regarding brain death. From the exterior, it is a difficult to know when a patient is beyond hope for recovery, as well as to decide who has the right to end life support.
Research initiatives in cognition have helped to develop an understanding of the vegetative state. Research has shown that although a person can be awake and conscious, he or she may not show any signs of awareness or recognition to external stimulation. In 2005, research was conducted on a 23-year-old female who suffered traumatic brain injury from an automobile accident. The woman was declared to be in a vegetative state; after five months she continued to be unresponsive, but brain pattern measurements indicated normal sleep and wake cycles. Using fMRI technology, researchers concluded that she was able to understand external stimuli via activity in specific regions of the brain. Particularly, she exhibited increased activity in the middle and superior temporal gyri similar to the way that a healthy individual would. This positive response revealed potential for medical imaging to be used to understand the implications of brain death, and to help answer legal, scientific, and ethical questions pertaining to individuals in vegetative states.
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# Neurolaw
## Nootropics
Neurolaw also encompasses ethical questions regarding nootropics, or mind-enhancing drugs. Current research suggests that the future may hold powerful medications that can specifically target and alter brain function by bypassing the blood brain barrier. The potential to significantly improve one\'s concentration, memory, or cognition through drug-use has raised numerous questions on the legality of these substances, and their appropriateness in everyday life. Analogous to the controversy over the use of anabolic steroids in professional sports, many high schools and universities are wary of students eventually using nootropics to artificially boost academic performance.
Some of the questions raised regarding the use of nootropics include:
- How will these enhancers affect performance gaps between family income classes?
- Will it become necessary to use an enhancing drug simply to remain competitive in society?
- How does society distinguish between what is an acceptable substance (e.g., caffeine) and an unacceptable substance to alter one\'s mind?
- Do people have the right to experiment with substances to modify their own cognition?
Scientists and ethicists have attempted to answer these questions while analyzing the overall effect on society. For example, it is largely accepted that mind-enhancing drugs are acceptable for use on patients diagnosed with cognitive disorders, as in a case of prescribing Adderall to children and adults with ADHD. However, Adderall and Ritalin have also become popular black-market drugs, most notably on college campuses. Students often use them to maintain focus when struggling to complete large amounts of schoolwork, and often become dependent on the effects produced.
It is ethically questionable whether individuals who do not need nootropics should use them, and mostly unknown how continued usage could impact the brain chemistry of someone who is using nootropics for non-prescriptive reasons.
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# Neurolaw
## Current research {#current_research}
Neurolaw advancements depend on state-of-the-art medical technology and grant-funded research. Among the most prominent technologies and disciplines used in neurolaw research are functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and epigenetics.
### Epigenetics
Current research is exploring how genetic analysis can be used to assess risk and predict atypical behaviors. Studies have shown links between violent behaviors and a low allele variant of the MAOA gene. Preliminary research suggests that males that have this dysfunctional gene and have experienced childhood abuse are several hundred times more likely to commit a violent crime than those with normal MAOA gene expression.
Findings like this have sparked a conversation about \'neuroprediction\' or using genetics and neuroimaging modalities to predict criminal behavior and assess individual risk. If the science behind prediction improves, lawmakers will need to decide the role that genetic, neuroanatomical, or neuropathic predictions can play in legal decisions for risk assessment, particularly when a criminal is being sentenced or released.
### Neuroimaging
Understanding structural and mechanistic neural dysfunction in criminals can help to determine motives and define criminal responsibility.
fMRI is particularly important because it allows for detailed functional mapping of the human brain. fMRI measures blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast, which allows us to view the most active areas of the brain at a given moment based on blood flow. This imaging modality allows researchers to identify and understand complex neural pathways and mechanisms. Relevant mechanisms in neurolaw research are memory, reward, impulse, and deceit circuitry.
Neuroimaging modalities can also be used to analyze neuroanatomical structures in terms of size and shape. Researchers are working towards defining the characteristics of healthy, well-functioning brain structures, which may help us better understand the dysfunctions and deficits in atypical, criminal brains.
### Lie detection {#lie_detection}
There is potential to use fMRI evidence as a more advanced form of lie detection, particularly in identifying the regions of the brain involved in truth telling, deception, and false memories.
False memories are a barrier in validating witness testimonies. Research has shown that when presented a list of semantically related words, participant recollection can often be unintentionally false and additive of words that were not originally present. This is a normal psychological occurrence but presents numerous problems to a jury when attempting to sort out the facts of a case.
fMRI imaging is also being used to analyze brain activity during intentional lies. Findings have shown that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activates when subjects are pretending to know information, but that the right anterior hippocampus activates when a subject presents false recognition in contrast to lying or accurately telling a truth. This indicates that there may be two separate neural pathways for lying and false memory recall. However, there are limitations to how much brain imaging can distinguish between truths and deceptions because these regions are common areas of executive control function; It is difficult to tell if the activation seen is due to the lie told, or something unrelated.
Future research aims to differentiate between when someone has genuinely forgotten an experience and when someone has made an active choice to withhold or fabricate information. Developing this distinction to the point of scientific validity would help discern when defendants are being truthful about their actions and when witnesses are being truthful about their experiences.
### Neuroimaging criticisms {#neuroimaging_criticisms}
The use of neuroimaging in the legal system creates a very divided audience. Many argue for its potential, while others argue it will not accurately replace human investigation of criminal decision-making processes.
Even considering recent research findings, neuroimaging is still inadequately understood. Additional medical factors like age, medication history, diet, and endocrine function need to be considered when viewing an fMRI image, and the sensitivity of the scanner needs to be considered as well. If the person being scanned is moving or inaccurately completing assigned tasks, the images produced will be invalid. Other critics highlight that the image derived from the technology does not display the brain\'s intentionality. Functional neuroimaging was not intended to calculate volition, and while it may offer insight into the processes that cause behavior, it is debated whether or not the images can objectively narrow in on human reasoning and specific thought processes. These factors make neuroimaging results hard to assess precisely, which is why there is hesitation towards presenting them in court cases.
Controversy over the science behind fMRI lie detection entered a federal courtroom in 2010 with a Daubert hearing concerning its admissibility in a criminal trial. Ultimately, the images were excluded based on doubts about neuroimaging validity. A 2012 appeal of the case failed to change the court\'s view of the matter. Legal professionals suggest that there are currently too many serious, open questions about the suitability of neuroimaging for legal or other high stakes uses.
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# Neurolaw
## Application in practice {#application_in_practice}
Neurolaw techniques and policies are slowly entering the legal system due to professional and general public skepticism about its validity. Currently two companies, No Lie MRI and Cephos Corp, offer lie-detection services that utilize neuroimaging. Their services are considered to be a more advanced form of a polygraph test but are rarely accepted as evidence in the courtroom. Use of neuroimaging evidence for structural and functional analysis varies greatly by geographic region and cultural acceptance of the modality.
### Criminal law {#criminal_law}
In the United States, brain scan results have been increasingly utilized during the sentencing phase of trials, with the rate of cases involving neuroscience evidence doubling from 2006 to 2009. In two instances occurring in California and New York, defendants were able to reduce their sentence of first-degree murder to manslaughter using neuroimaging. Each case presented brain scans suggesting hindered neurological function hoping to mitigate their responsibility in the crime. Brain images were also used in the case of *Harrington v. State of Iowa* in 2003 as evidence for the defense. However, in the case of *Harrington v. State of Iowa*, the brain images were solely shown to the judge and not a jury panel, reducing the ability of this case to be used as precedent for utilizing brain imaging as evidence.
In Mumbai, India, the legal system has taken a more rapid approach in applying neuroscience and has already incorporated it into criminal convictions. In 2008, an Indian woman was convicted of murder based on strong circumstantial evidence, including a brain scan that suggested her guilt. This conviction was sharply criticized by Hank Greely, a professor of law at Stanford University. Greely contested the scan based on evidence produced by a Brain Electrical Oscillation Signature Profiling test (BEOSP). No scientific peer-review studies had ever been published demonstrating the efficacy of BEOSP, raising questions about its reliability in such an important decision.
### Government and military {#government_and_military}
The United States Military has become increasingly interested in the possibilities of neuroscience research. Brain imaging could help to distinguish between enemy combatants from those who pose no risk or determine the mental stability of their own soldiers. Nootropic drugs could also be used to enhance the focus and memories of soldiers, allowing for better recognition of dangers and improved performance. However, this has led to questions regarding the personal privacy of soldiers and detainees, and the compliance requirements that may come with performance enhancement. Although the civilian court system is reluctant to use unproven technologies, the military\'s future use of them may generate controversy over the possible innocence or guilt of enemy combatants.
With the advent of novel technological innovations and information in the field of neuroscience, the military has begun to anticipate specific uses for such neuroscience research. However, these approaches, which can alter human cognitive abilities as well as infringe on an individual\'s right to the privacy of his or her own thoughts, are still innovatory and early in development. Present day treaties, such as the U.N. Declaration of Human Rights and the Chemical Weapons Conventions, address only the use of certain chemical agents and are not regulating the fast-paced evolution of recent advancements in cognitive science research. Due to this ambiguity and the potential of technology misuse, it has become increasingly pressing to address the regulations and ethics needed for neuroscience research.
Another area of interest to the military is the use of human enhancement drugs. DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency), a Pentagon branch of the United States Department of Defense, is responsible for significant amount of military research and development of technology. With the announcement of the BRAIN Initiative in 2013, DARPA began to support this initiative through a number of programs involving under-researched neuroscience topics like neuromodulation, proprioception, and neurotechnology. A current operation of DARPA is named the Preventing Sleep Deprivation Program, which conducts research on the molecular processes and changes in the brain involved with sleep deprivation, with the ultimate purpose to maximize warfighters' cognitive abilities, even with sleep deprivation. As a result of this research, sleep deprivation prevention drugs such as Modafinil and Ampakine CX717 have increased in significance. However, because these chemical drugs directly affect natural chemical reactions and receptors in the body, the ethics of their use as well as safety are in question.
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# Neurolaw
## Cautions and concerns {#cautions_and_concerns}
Public opinion of neurolaw is influenced by cultural, political, and media-related factors. Surveys show that the general public does not have a well-formed understanding of neurolaw. Approval seems to depend highly on how the topic is framed and may even vary depending on partisanship. Due to glorified depictions of forensics labs on popular television shows, brain imaging has faced criticism for having a \"CSI effect\". It is possible that some people have a false understanding of forensic science based on inaccurate portrayals. This could lead to them having a stronger opinion about technological evidence or neurolaw initiatives.
Neuroscience is still not fully understood. There is not enough evidence of structural and functional relationships to be able to confidently link a brain feature to a criminal behavior or issue. This uncertainty leaves room for misuse of neuroscientific evidence in a courtroom. American professor of law and psychology Stephen J. Morse described the abuse of neuroscience in courtrooms with a pseudo-disease he called \"brain overclaim syndrome\". He comments on the idea of people having diminished responsibility or no responsibility for their actions because those actions were caused by \"the brain\", in situations where the science could not support such causal claims. He raises the question of whether brains should be blamed for crimes, or the people behind them.
Lawmakers and judges are cautious due to the lack of concrete findings in neurolaw. Before making decisions on how to regulate and utilize neuroscience research in court, lawmakers and judges must consider the implications that will come with suggested changes. Neuroimaging and genetic evidence have the potential to be helpful in legal processes and ensure that dangerous criminals stay behind bars, but it also has the potential to be abused in a way that imprisons undeserving parties on purpose or due to negligent use of the science.
Although some experts recognize the possibilities and drawbacks of brain imaging, others still completely reject the field. In the future, judges must decide on the relevance and validity of neurological evidence so that it can enter the courtroom, and juries must be open to understanding scientific concepts but not be too willing to place all faith in neuroscience
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# Dallasaurus
***Dallasaurus*** (\"Dallas lizard\") is a basal mosasauroid from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. Along with *Russellosaurus*, *Dallasaurus* is one of the two oldest mosasauroid taxa currently known from North America. It is also one of the smallest known mosasaurines, measuring approximately 1 m in length.
## Specimens
The genus is based upon two partial skeletons recovered from the Arcadia Park Shale (lower Middle Turonian), approximately 15 meters above its contact with the older Kamp Ranch Limestone in Dallas County in north-central Texas.
The holotype specimen (TMM 43209-1, Texas Memorial Museum, University of Texas at Austin) consists of an incomplete and disarticulated skull, along with considerable portions of the postcranial skeleton, making up about 80 percent of the animal. The second referred specimen (DMNH 8121-8125, 8143-8149, and 8161-8180, Dallas Museum of Natural History) lacks any skull material and consists entirely of disarticulated postcranial remains. The strata containing these fossils were temporarily exposed during excavations for a housing development, and both sites have now been reburied by construction. The two specimens were discovered about 100 meters from one another; the first was found by an amateur collector, Van Turner, for whom the type species (*Dallasaurus turneri*) was named. The genus is named for Dallas County, where both specimens were found.
## Anatomy
Polcyn and Bell diagnose *Dallasaurus* as follows: \"Small, plesiopedal mosasauroid possessing the following autapomorphies: posterior maxillary teeth strongly recurved posteriorly, slightly inflated at the crown and bearing only posterior carinae that is slightly offset laterally; atlas neural arch mediolaterally compressed but not flattened at its base, condylar surfaces irregularly figure-eight shaped; cervical vertebra synapophyses protrude below the level of the ventral edge of the centrum; short, wide fossa excavated immediately below the ventral rim of the cotyle of at least one middle cervical vertebra; hypapophysis anteroventral edge terminating in short projections of irregular length; postglenoid process capped by bony epiphysis bearing a calcified cartilage apex.\"
Bell and Polcyn use the term \"plesiopedal\" to indicate a \"conservative ecologically adaptive grade\" characterized by \"small size, slightly modified swimming tail and \[a\] relatively plesiomorphic limb condition\" compared to more derived mosasauroids. Polcyn and Bell note that plesiopedal mosasauroids tend to be relatively small lizards possessing limbs in which the \"propodial elements \[equals humerus and femur\] remain elongated, generally constituting one-half or more of the full length of the osseus limb\", as compared to more derived \"hydropedal\" mosasaurs in which the propodial elements are stout and have been substantially shortened, constituting less than one-half of the full length of the ossueus limb. While hydropedal mosasaurs were probably entirely aquatic, plesiopedal mosasauroids were still capable of terrestrial locomotion and so likely lived an amphibious lifestyle.
## Classification
Bell and Polcyn have conducted a cladistic analysis of *Dallasaurus*, concluding that this taxon should be placed within the subfamily Mosasaurinae, \"well within \[the family\] Mosasauridae\", and that, despite its small size and the \"primitive\" condition of its limbs, it should not be placed within the paraphyletic family Aigialosauridae. *Dallasaurus* is the sister group to more derived mosasaurine mosasaurs such as *Clidastes*, *Prognathodon*, *Mosasaurus*, and *Plotosaurus*.
In the popular press, *Dallasaurus* has been hailed as a \"missing link\" uniting fully aquatic mosasaurs with their terrestrial ancestors
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# WUFN
**WUFN** (96.7 FM) is a radio station in Albion, Michigan and **WUNN** (1110 AM) is a radio station in Mason, Michigan. Both are non-commercial, Christian stations owned by Family Life Radio.
Family Life Radio began in 1966 with a half-hour Christian program aimed at teenagers airing on WIBM-FM (now WWDK) on 94.1 in Jackson, Michigan. Warren and Char Bolthouse, founders of Family Life Radio, produced the program in a studio in the basement of their home on Jericho Road near the Kibby Road studio of WIBM. WIBM-FM had begun broadcasting in 1955, but was simulcasting WIBM-AM and had very few listeners.
Soon Warren and Char Bolthouse convinced Booth Broadcasting, the owners of WIBM, to allow them to program the station full-time. Since few people had FM radios in the mid-1960s, they agreed and Family Life Radio began programming the station from the studio in the middle of the Bolthouse basement. Listenership grew as churches in the Jackson area began to encourage their members to purchase an FM radio and tune in to the broadcasts.
As FM radio sales increased, Booth told Family Life Radio that he would resume control of the station programming. Family Life Radio looked to Mason, Michigan, half-way between Lansing and Jackson for the location of its first station. WUNN was founded in the late 1960s as a 1,000 watt daytime only AM station.
Family Life Radio began looking into the possibility of adding an FM station in the Jackson area so they could get better coverage in the area and provide programming during the night hours. Otis Meyer donated a piece of property to the station near Albion next to the I-94 freeway. A station license was purchased from WALM-FM who then built a new WALM-FM (now WBXX) on 104.9 in nearby Marshall, Michigan. Soon the tower of WUFN rose on the property and the station began operation in 1971 at 96.7 MHz from a trailer parked on the site. The trailer continued to be used until it was replaced by a Colonial style building in 1991. In December 2003 WUFN increased power from 1,500 watts to 3,200 watts. In 2005 a 36-watt translator began operating on 95.1 in Kalamazoo, Michigan.
After trying a Southern Gospel format on WUNN, it was decided to no longer provide separate programming and WUNN began simulcasting WUFN in 2006.
WUNN and WUFN were the first two stations in the Family Life Radio network that now includes 40 stations in Michigan, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Wisconsin, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Kansas, and California. Other Michigan stations are WUGN 99.7 MHz Midland, Michigan. WUFN is also simulcasting on WBFN 1400 AM in Battle Creek, which is currently in Clear Channel Communications\' Aloha Station Trust and is being gifted to Family Life Radio.
## Translators
In addition to the main station, WUFN is relayed by an additional two translators to widen its broadcast area.
NOTE: W260BX lists WUNN-AM 1110 as its primary operating station
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# 2007 Baltimore Ravens season
The **2007 season** was the Baltimore Ravens\' 12th in the National Football League (NFL), their 9th and final under head coach Brian Billick, and their 6th season under general manager Ozzie Newsome.
They entered the season hoping to improve on their 13--3 record from 2006, but failed to improve on that record. After a 4--2 start, the Ravens went on a franchise record 9-game losing streak. However, the Ravens defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in week 17 and finished the season with a record of 5--11. They were eliminated from playoff contention with a loss to the undefeated New England Patriots in Week 13.
## Offseason
During the offseason the Ravens cut Jamal Lewis, with the intent of re-signing him at a lower salary. However, he then signed with the Cleveland Browns. The Ravens also choose not to place the franchise tag on Adalius Thomas, who then signed with the New England Patriots. Fullback Ovie Mughelli was also lost in free agency, signing with the Atlanta Falcons.
The Ravens then traded a 3rd and 7th round draft pick in the 2007 draft and a 3rd round pick in 2008 for Willis McGahee. In the 1st round of the draft, the Ravens selected Auburn offensive tackle Ben Grubbs. In the 5th round, the Baltimore Ravens drafted Ohio State quarterback Troy Smith.
### Draft
## Roster
## Schedule
### Preseason
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Recap
------ ------ --------------------- -------------- -------- ------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Philadelphia Eagles **W** 29--3 1--0 M&T Bank Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007081301/2007/PRE1/eagles@ravens?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
2 New York Giants **L** 12--13 1--1 M&T Bank Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007081900/2007/PRE2/giants@ravens?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
3 Washington Redskins **L** 7--13 1--2 FedEx Field [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007082502/2007/PRE3/ravens@redskins?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
4 Atlanta Falcons **L** 10--13 1--3 Georgia Dome [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007083100/2007/PRE4/ravens@falcons?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
### Regular season {#regular_season}
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Recap
------ -------------- ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------- -------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 at **Cincinnati Bengals** **L** 20--27 0--1 Paul Brown Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007091000/2007/REG1/ravens@bengals?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
2 September 16 New York Jets **W** 20--13 1--1 M&T Bank Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007091611/2007/REG2/jets@ravens?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
3 September 23 Arizona Cardinals **W** 26--23 2--1 M&T Bank Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007092300/2007/REG3/cardinals@ravens?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
4 September 30 at **Cleveland Browns** **L** 13--27 2--2 Cleveland Browns Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007093002/2007/REG4/ravens@browns?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
5 October 7 at San Francisco 49ers **W** 9--7 3--2 Monster Park [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007100711/2007/REG5/ravens@49ers?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
6 October 14 St. Louis Rams **W** 22--3 4--2 M&T Bank Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007101400/2007/REG6/rams@ravens?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
7 October 21 at Buffalo Bills **L** 14--19 4--3 Ralph Wilson Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007102100/2007/REG7/ravens@bills?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
8 *Bye*
9 at **Pittsburgh Steelers** **L** 7--38 4--4 Heinz Field [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007110500/2007/REG9/ravens@steelers?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
10 November 11 **Cincinnati Bengals** **L** 7--21 4--5 M&T Bank Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007111108/2007/REG10/bengals@ravens?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
11 November 18 **Cleveland Browns** **L** 30--33 `{{small|(OT)}}`{=mediawiki} 4--6 M&T Bank Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007111801/2007/REG11/browns@ravens?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
12 November 25 at San Diego Chargers **L** 14--32 4--7 Qualcomm Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007112510/2007/REG12/ravens@chargers?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
13 New England Patriots **L** 24--27 4--8 M&T Bank Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007120300/2007/REG13/patriots@ravens?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
14 December 9 Indianapolis Colts **L** 20--44 4--9 M&T Bank Stadium [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007120913/2007/REG14/colts@ravens?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
15 December 16 at Miami Dolphins **L** 16--22 `{{small|(OT)}}`{=mediawiki} 4--10 Dolphin Stadium [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007121603/2007/REG15/ravens@dolphins?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
16 December 23 at Seattle Seahawks **L** 6--27 4--11 Qwest Field [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007122310/2007/REG16/ravens@seahawks?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
17 December 30 **Pittsburgh Steelers** **W** 27--21 5--11 M&T Bank Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007123001/2007/REG17/steelers@ravens?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
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# 2007 Baltimore Ravens season
## Game summaries {#game_summaries}
### Week 1: at Cincinnati Bengals {#week_1_at_cincinnati_bengals}
The Ravens began their 2007 campaign on the road against their AFC North foe, the Cincinnati Bengals, in the first game of a Monday Night Football doubleheader. In the first quarter, Baltimore lost two fumbles early on, with the Bengals turning the second fumble into QB Carson Palmer's 39-yard TD pass to WR Chad Johnson. Later, another Raven fumble allowed Cincinnati to cash in as Bengals kicker Shayne Graham nailed a 23-yard field goal. In the second quarter, Baltimore finally managed to get on the board as RB Musa Smith got a 6-yard TD run. Later, Cincinnati increased its advantage with Graham kicking a 40-yard field goal. The Ravens ended the half with kicker Matt Stover getting a 36-yard field goal.
In the third quarter, Baltimore\'s turnover problems continued as QB Steve McNair fumbled the ball as he got sacked, allowing Bengals LB Landon Johnson to return the fumble 34 yards for a touchdown for the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, the Ravens finally took the lead with Stover kicking a 23-yard field goal and Safety Ed Reed returning a punt 63 yards for a touchdown. However, later in the period, a McNair pass was intercepted by DE Robert Geathers. The Bengals quickly cashed in as Palmer completed a 7-yard TD pass to WR T. J. Houshmandzadeh, followed by a 2-point conversion run by RB Rudi Johnson. With McNair having groin problems, QB Kyle Boller took over. He threw a pass in the red zone to tight end Todd Heap that was overturned for an offensive pass interference penalty -- a call that drew anger from Ravens fans as replays showed that if anything, Heap had been interfered against. Near the end of the game, he almost helped the Ravens score, but a Michael Myers interception ended any hope of Baltimore\'s comeback. In the end, the Ravens ended up with six turnovers on the night.
With the loss, Baltimore began its season at 0--1 while the Bengals started out 1--0.
### Week 2: vs. New York Jets {#week_2_vs._new_york_jets}
Hoping to rebound from their turnover-plagued loss to the Bengals, the Ravens flew home for their Week 2 home-opener against the New York Jets. With Steve McNair still recovering from a groin injury, QB Kyle Boller was given the start for this Back-Up Bowl (due to the fact Kellen Clemens was filling in for an injured Chad Pennington). In the first quarter, Baltimore took to the skies early with Boller completing a 2-yard TD pass to RB Willis McGahee for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Jets responded with kicker Mike Nugent getting a 50-yard field goal. The Ravens responded with kicker Matt Stover getting a 28-yard field goal and Boller completing a 4-yard TD pass to TE Todd Heap.
After a scoreless third quarter, Baltimore increased its lead with Stover kicking a 43-yard field goal. However, the Jets began to show some fight within them as Nugent kicked a 21-yard field goal, while Clemens completed a 3-yard TD pass to TE Chris Baker. The Ravens' defense held its ground and LB Ray Lewis managed to get the game-winning interception.
With the win, not only did Baltimore improve to 1--1, but it made the Ravens 4--0 against the Jets while under Head Coach Brian Billick.
### Week 3: vs. Arizona Cardinals {#week_3_vs._arizona_cardinals}
After their win over the Jets, the Ravens stayed at home for a Week 3 interconference fight with the Arizona Cardinals. In the first quarter, Baltimore took flight first with kicker Matt Stover getting a 21-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Ravens increased its lead with Stover getting a 28-yard field goal. The Cardinals responded with kicker Neil Rackers getting a 48-yard field goal. Afterwards, Baltimore began to unload with QB Steve McNair completing a 13-yard TD pass to WR Derrick Mason, while rookie WR Yamon Figurs returned a punt 75 yards for a touchdown.
In the third quarter, Arizona managed to get a 40-yard field goal from Rackers, while the Ravens had Stover kick a 43-yard field goal. However, in the fourth quarter, the Cardinals started to work their way back into the game with QB Kurt Warner completing a 5-yard and a 32-yard TD pass to WR Anquan Boldin, along with Rackers getting a 41-yard field goal to tie the game. Stover helped Baltimore close out the game with a win as he nailed the game-winning 46-yard field goal as time expired.
With the win, the Ravens improved to 2--1.
### Week 4: at Cleveland Browns {#week_4_at_cleveland_browns}
Coming off their last-second home win over the Cardinals, the Ravens flew to Cleveland Browns Stadium for an AFC North duel with the Cleveland Browns. The matchup was notable with former Ravens RB Jamal Lewis now playing for Cleveland. In the first quarter, Baltimore trailed early as the Browns took their opening drive and ended it with QB Derek Anderson (another former Raven) completing a 2-yard TD pass to WR Joe Jurevicius. Also, immediately after QB Steve McNair got intercepted, Cleveland cashed in with Anderson completing a 78-yard TD pass to WR Braylon Edwards. In the second quarter, Baltimore managed to get on the board with kicker Matt Stover getting a 21-yard field goal. However, the Browns continued their offensive surge with kicker Phil Dawson getting a 41-yard field goal, along with Lewis getting a 1-yard TD run. Even though instant replay showed that the ball was just shy of breaking the plane of the goal line, the Ravens' coaching staff was unable to challenge the play in time. They ended the half with Stover kicking a 29-yard field goal.
In the third quarter, Cleveland continued its surge with Dawson kicking a 20-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, Baltimore tried to come back, but the only thing from their comeback was McNair\'s 4-yard TD pass to TE Quinn Sypniewski. With the surprising loss, the Ravens fell to 2--2, despite outgaining the Browns 418--303 in total offense. On the positive note, RB Willis McGahee got his first 100-yard game as a Raven, as he ran 14 times for 104 yards.
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# 2007 Baltimore Ravens season
## Game summaries {#game_summaries}
### Week 5: at San Francisco 49ers {#week_5_at_san_francisco_49ers}
Hoping to rebound from their divisional road loss to the Browns, the Ravens flew to Bill Walsh Field at Monster Park for an interconference duel with the San Francisco 49ers. Baltimore even went up against the QB that helped them win Super Bowl XXXV, Trent Dilfer, because QB Alex Smith was out with a separated shoulder.
After a scoreless first quarter, the Ravens got the first punch with kicker Matt Stover getting a 26-yard and a 32-yard field goal. In the third quarter, Stover gave Baltimore a 49-yard field goal. However, the 49ers threatened with Dilfer completing a 23-yard TD pass to WR Arnaz Battle. The 49ers' kicker Joe Nedney missed the potential game-winning field goal from 52 yards out, and the Ravens held on for the lead.
With their win, Baltimore improved to 3--2.
### Week 6: vs. St. Louis Rams {#week_6_vs._st._louis_rams}
Coming off of their road win over the 49ers, the Ravens went home for a Week 6 interconference duel with the winless St. Louis Rams. With QB Steve McNair out with injuries, back-up Kyle Boller was given the start.
In the first quarter, Baltimore took flight early with kicker Matt Stover getting a 43-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Raven continued to take advantage of an injury-plagued Rams team with Stover kicking a 42-yard field goal, along with RB Willis McGahee getting a 6-yard TD run. In the third quarter, Baltimore increased its lead with Stover nailing a 23-yard field goal. Afterwards, St. Louis got its only score of the game as kicker Jeff Wilkins got a 32-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, the Ravens sealed their easy win with Stover kicking a 31-yard and a 36-yard field goal.
With the win, Baltimore improved to 4--2.
During the win, the Ravens defense forced six turnovers, which included a franchise-best 5 interceptions.
### Week 7: at Buffalo Bills {#week_7_at_buffalo_bills}
Coming off their easy home win over the Rams, the Ravens flew to Ralph Wilson Stadium for a Week 7 duel with the Buffalo Bills. This game was notable for RB Willis McGahee, as he returned to Buffalo to play against his former team, who made their first-ever visit to Buffalo in their twelfth NFL season. With McNair still out with injuries, QB Kyle Boller was given the start.
In the first quarter, Baltimore trailed early as Bills kicker Rian Lindell got a 29-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Ravens continued to struggle as Lindell increased Buffalo\'s lead with 26-yard and a 35-yard field goal. In the third quarter, Baltimore got back into the game as McGahee ran 43 yards for a touchdown. However, the Bills responded with Lindell getting a 41-yard field goal, along with RB Marshawn Lynch getting a 1-yard TD run. In the fourth quarter, the Ravens got within striking range as Boller completed a 15-yard TD pass to WR Derrick Mason. Buffalo held on to get the win.
With the loss, Baltimore entered its bye week at 4--3.
### Week 9: at Pittsburgh Steelers {#week_9_at_pittsburgh_steelers}
Coming off their bye week, the Ravens flew to Heinz Field for a Monday Night divisional duel with the throwback-clad Pittsburgh Steelers. In the first quarter, Baltimore fell behind early as Steelers QB Ben Roethlisberger completed a 17-yard TD pass to TE Heath Miller and a 15-yard TD pass to WR Santonio Holmes. In the second quarter, the Ravens continued to struggle as Roethlisberger completed a 30-yard TD pass to WR Nate Washington, a 35-yard TD pass to Holmes, and 7-yard TD pass to Washington. Afterwards, Baltimore got its only score of the game as RB Willis McGahee got a 33-yard TD run. In the third quarter, Pittsburgh increased its lead with kicker Jeff Reed nailing a 22-yard field goal. Afterwards, the Steelers' defense continued to shut down any hope of a comeback.
With the loss, the Ravens fell to 4--4.
The Ravens offense committed four turnovers and 11 penalties, and was held to a franchise-worst 104 total yards. QB Steve McNair had a dismal night, as he completed 13 out of 22 passes for only 63 yards and an interception.
### Week 10: vs. Cincinnati Bengals {#week_10_vs._cincinnati_bengals}
Trying to snap a two-game losing skid, the Ravens went home for an AFC North rematch with the Cincinnati Bengals. After a scoreless first quarter, Baltimore struggled as Cincinnati kicker Shayne Graham got a 34-yard and a 19-yard field goal. In the third quarter, the Ravens continued to fall behind as Graham gave the Bengals a 22-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, Graham helped Cincinnati pull away as he nailed two 35-yarders, a 21-yarder, and a 33-yard field goal. Baltimore\'s only score of the game came with RB Willis McGahee getting a 1-yard TD run.
With their third-straight loss, the Ravens fell to 4--5.
During this season, Baltimore has committed a total of 12 turnovers in their series against the Bengals (6 from this game).
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# 2007 Baltimore Ravens season
## Game summaries {#game_summaries}
### Week 11: vs. Cleveland Browns {#week_11_vs._cleveland_browns}
Trying to snap a three-game skid, the Ravens stayed at home for an AFC North rematch with the Cleveland Browns. This game was RB Jamal Lewis\' return to Baltimore as a Cleveland Brown.
In the first quarter, Baltimore trailed early as Browns kicker Phil Dawson managed to get a 28-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Ravens continued to struggle as Lewis got a 1-yard TD run. Baltimore managed to get on the board with LB Ray Lewis returning an interception 35 yards for a touchdown. Cleveland got one last score prior to halftime, as Dawson kicked a 39-yard field goal.
In the third quarter, the Ravens took the lead with RB Willis McGahee getting a 2-yard TD run. However, the Browns responded as QB Derek Anderson (another former Raven) got a 1-yard TD run, while Safety Brodney Pool returned an interception 100 yards for a touchdown. In the fourth quarter, Baltimore began to come back as kicker Matt Stover made 34-yard and 41-yard field goals, while QB Kyle Boller completed a 27-yard TD pass to WR Devard Darling (his first career touchdown reception). Afterwards, Stover helped the Ravens retake the lead with a 47-yard field goal. Cleveland got into field goal range. Initially, Dawson\'s 51-yard attempt was ruled no good. However, it turned out that the ball bounced off the upright, then bounced off the support bar, and then went back into play. In the end, the Browns were awarded the field goal. In overtime, Cleveland sealed the win as Dawson made the game-winning 33-yard field goal.
With their fourth-straight loss, not only did Baltimore fall to 4--6, but it marked the first time since 2001 that they were swept by Cleveland.
### Week 12: at San Diego Chargers {#week_12_at_san_diego_chargers}
Trying to snap a four-game skid, the Ravens flew to Qualcomm Stadium for a Week 12 duel with the San Diego Chargers. After a scoreless first quarter, Baltimore trailed as Chargers kicker Nate Kaeding managed to get a 27-yard field goal. The Ravens took the lead with RB Willis McGahee getting a 1-yard TD run. San Diego retook the lead with QB Philip Rivers completing a 35-yard TD pass to TE Antonio Gates (with a failed PAT), Kaeding kicking a 46-yard field goal, Rivers completing a 5-yard TD pass to WR Chris Chambers, and Kaeding kicking a 41-yard field goal.
In the third quarter, Baltimore\'s struggles continued as Rivers and Gates hooked up with each other again on a 25-yard TD pass. The Ravens' QB Kyle Boller completed a 13-yard TD pass to rookie FB Le\'Ron McClain. In the fourth quarter, the Chargers sealed the win with Kaeding nailing a 41-yard field goal.
With the loss, not only did Baltimore fall to 4--7, but it marked the first time in franchise history that the Ravens had lost five straight games.
### Week 13: vs. New England Patriots {#week_13_vs._new_england_patriots}
Trying to snap a five-game losing skid, the Ravens went home for a Week 13 Monday Night intra conference duel with the New England Patriots, who were undefeated at 11--0. In the first quarter, Baltimore trailed early as Patriots kicker Stephen Gostkowski made a 21-yard field goal. Afterwards, the Ravens took the lead with QB Kyle Boller completing a 4-yard TD pass to WR Derrick Mason. In the second quarter, Baltimore increased its lead with kicker Matt Stover getting a 29-yard field goal. Later, New England tied the game prior to halftime as FB Heath Evans got a 1-yard TD run.
In the third quarter, the Ravens regained the lead with RB Willis McGahee getting a 17-yard TD run. Afterwards, the Patriots tied the game with QB Tom Brady completing a 3-yard TD pass to WR Randy Moss. In the fourth quarter, Baltimore took the lead again as Boller completed a 1-yard TD pass to TE Daniel Wilcox. Afterwards, New England drew closer with Gostkowski making a 38-yard field goal. The Ravens had a chance to win and stuffed Tom Brady on a quarterback sneak on 4th and 1. However, defensive coordinator Rex Ryan called a timeout right before the play, giving the Patriots another chance. Brady then successfully did the QB Sneak to get the 1st down. The Patriots retook the lead with Brady completing an 8-yard TD pass to WR Jabar Gaffney. Boller\'s hail-mary pass was completed to WR Mark Clayton at New England\'s 2-yard line; he was tackled as time expired.
With the loss, the Ravens fell to 4--8, and were eliminated from postseason contention for the first time since 2005.
### Week 14: vs. Indianapolis Colts {#week_14_vs._indianapolis_colts}
Trying to snap a six-game losing skid, the Ravens stayed at home for a Week 14 Sunday Night duel with the Indianapolis Colts in the rematch of last year\'s AFC Divisional game. In the first quarter, Baltimore trailed early as Colts QB Peyton Manning completed a 34-yard TD pass to WR Reggie Wayne, while RB Joseph Addai got a 1-yard TD run. Afterwards, Indianapolis' Manning completed a 19-yard TD pass to Addai, while CB Michael Coe blocked a punt, causing it to go out of bounds through the Ravens' endzone for a safety. In the second quarter, the Colts' Addai ran for an 11-yard TD run. Baltimore responded with rookie WR Yamon Figurs returning the ensuing kickoff 94 yards for a touchdown. Afterwards, Indianapolis struck again with Manning completing a 57-yard TD pass to WR Anthony Gonzalez.
In the third quarter, the Colts' Manning completed a 40-yard TD pass to Gonzalez for the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, the Ravens' QB Kyle Boller completed a 4-yard TD pass to WR Devard Darling, while rookie QB Troy Smith got a 6-yard TD run.
With their seventh-straight loss, Baltimore fell to 4--9 and to last place in the AFC North with the Bengals' win over the Rams.
| 993 |
2007 Baltimore Ravens season
| 3 |
10,152,467 |
# 2007 Baltimore Ravens season
## Game summaries {#game_summaries}
### Week 15: at Miami Dolphins {#week_15_at_miami_dolphins}
Trying to snap a seven-game slide, the Ravens flew to Dolphin Stadium for a Week 15 intraconference duel with winless Miami Dolphins. In the first quarter, Baltimore took flight early as kicker Matt Stover managed to get a 27-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Ravens increased their lead as Stover kicked a 39-yard field goal. The Dolphins got on the board with kicker Jay Feely getting a 23-yard field goal. Baltimore ended the half as QB Kyle Boller completed a 17-yard TD pass to WR Derrick Mason.
In the third quarter, Miami began to rally as RB Samkon Gado got a 7-yard TD run for the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, the Dolphins took the lead as Feely kicked a 22-yard and a 29-yard field goal. The Ravens tied the game with Stover nailing an 18-yard field goal. However, in overtime, the Dolphins sealed their first and only win of the year as QB Cleo Lemon completed a 64-yard TD pass to WR Greg Camarillo.
With their eighth-straight loss, the Ravens fell to 4--10. The win for the Dolphins turned out to be their only victory of the season as they improved to 1--13.
### Week 16: at Seattle Seahawks {#week_16_at_seattle_seahawks}
Trying to snap an eight-game skid, the Ravens flew to Qwest Field for a Week 16 interconference duel with the Seattle Seahawks. Although the team was in its twelfth season, this was the Ravens' first-ever regular season contest in Seattle. After a scoreless first quarter, Baltimore\'s seasonal struggles continued as in the second quarter, Seahawks QB Matt Hasselbeck completed a 21-yard TD pass to WR Nate Burleson, along with LB Leroy Hill returning a fumble 20 yards for a touchdown and Hasselbeck completing a 14-yard TD pass to RB Shaun Alexander.
In the third quarter, Seattle increased its lead with kicker Josh Brown nailing a 42-yard and a 39-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, the Ravens got their only score of the game as rookie QB Troy Smith completing a 79-yard TD pass to WR Derrick Mason (with a failed two-point conversion).
With the loss, Baltimore fell to 4--11.
### Week 17: vs. Pittsburgh Steelers {#week_17_vs._pittsburgh_steelers}
Hoping to end a horrendous season on a high note, the Ravens went home for a Week 17 AFC North rematch with the season\'s AFC North champion Pittsburgh Steelers. In the first quarter, Baltimore took flight as RB Musa Smith got a 2-yard TD run, along with kicker Matt Stover getting a 28-yard field goal. In the second quarter, the Ravens increased their lead as RB Cory Ross got a 32-yard TD run. The Steelers responded with RB Najeh Davenport getting a 1-yard TD run. Baltimore ended the half with Stover nailing a 31-yard field goal.
In the third quarter, the Ravens continued to lead as rookie QB Troy Smith completed a 15-yard TD pass to WR Devard Darling for the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, Pittsburgh began to come back as QB Charlie Batch completed a 59-yard TD pass to WR Santonio Holmes and a 7-yard TD pass to WR Cedric Wilson. Afterwards, Baltimore\'s defense held on for the victory.
With the win, not only did the Ravens end their season at 5--11, but they also snapped their franchise-worst nine-game losing streak. The win also gained the Ravens their 100th regular-season win in franchise history
| 587 |
2007 Baltimore Ravens season
| 4 |
10,152,488 |
# Barry Rowlings
**Barry John Rowlings** (born 21 August 1950) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Hawthorn Football Club and the Richmond Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He is one of few players to have played in League premierships at two clubs.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Recruited from Moe, Rowlings played in Hawthorn\'s 1975 Grand Final defeat to `{{AFL NM}}`{=mediawiki}, kicking the first goal of the game. He was one of Hawthorn\'s best players in the emotional 1976 premiership triumph.
In 1978 Rowlings suffered a serious knee injury which prevented him from being part of Hawthorn\'s 1978 triumph, and was cleared to Richmond. In his first season at Tigerland won the Jack Dyer Medal, which is awarded to Richmond\'s best and fairest player for the season.
## After playing career {#after_playing_career}
Since 1996 Rowlings has been involved with the football program at Caulfield Grammar School and Caulfield Grammarians Football Club, and holds a football ambassador and development coaching role for all year levels.
Rowlings has been partly responsible for the football development of many current AFL players, such as Brent Hartigan, Jason Winderlich, Chris Judd, Tristan Cartledge, Matthew Richardson, and Tom Roach
| 199 |
Barry Rowlings
| 0 |
10,152,495 |
# Ralph Watts
**Ralph C. Watts** (born July 26, 1944) is the Iowa State Representative from the 19th District. A Republican, he has served in the Iowa House of Representatives since 2003. He received his BS from the University of Wyoming and did MBA work at Drake University and at Creighton University.
, Watts serves on several committees in the Iowa House -- the Appropriations, Commerce, Labor, and State Government committees. He also serves as the chair of the Administration and Regulation Appropriations Subcommittee.
## Electoral history {#electoral_history}
\*incumbent
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{{Show head-align = center content-align = center 1 = Early 47th District contests 2 = `{{Compact election box no change begin}}`{=mediawiki} {{Compact election box no change election_title = Iowa House of Representatives primary elections, 2002 election_note = District 47 election_ref = turnout_votes = 1,611 result = winner = Ralph Watts winner_party = Republican Party of Iowa winner_votes = 1,610 winner_percent = 99.94%}} {{Compact election box no change election_title = Iowa House of Representatives general elections, 2002 election_note = District 47 election_ref = turnout_votes = 12,143 result = (newly redistricted) winner = Ralph Watts winner_party = Republican Party of Iowa winner_votes = 6,812 winner_percent = 56.10% candidate2 = Joe Kelly candidate2_party = Iowa Democratic Party candidate2_votes = 5,326 candidate2_percent = 43.86%}} {{Compact election box no change election_title = Iowa House of Representatives primary elections, 2004 election_note = District 47 election_ref = turnout_votes = 827 result = winner = Ralph Watts\* winner_party = Republican Party of Iowa winner_votes = 826 winner_percent = 99.88%}} {{Compact election box no change election_title = Iowa House of Representatives general elections, 2004 election_note = District 47 election_ref = turnout_votes = 19,653 result = hold winner = Ralph Watts\* winner_party = Republican Party of Iowa winner_votes = 11,462 winner_percent = 58.32% candidate2 = David E. Sande candidate2_party = Iowa Democratic Party candidate2_votes = 8,182 candidate2_percent = 41.63%}} {{Compact election box no change election_title = Iowa House of Representatives primary elections, 2006 election_note = District 47 election_ref = turnout_votes = 546 result = winner = Ralph Watts\* winner_party = Republican Party of Iowa winner_votes = 536 winner_percent = 98.17%}} {{Compact election box no change election_title = Iowa House of Representatives general elections, 2006 election_note = District 47 election_ref = turnout_votes = 16,093 result = hold winner = Ralph Watts\* winner_party = Republican Party of Iowa winner_votes = 8,313 winner_percent = 51.66% candidate2 = Russ Wiesley candidate2_party = Iowa Democratic Party candidate2_votes = 7,242 candidate2_percent = 45
| 477 |
Ralph Watts
| 0 |
10,152,526 |
# WTLQ-FM
**WTLQ-FM** (97.7 MHz) is a commercial radio station located in Punta Rassa, Florida, broadcasting to the Fort Myers area. WTLQ-FM airs a hispanic urban music format branded as \"Latino 97.7\".
On October 5, 2022, after being off the air due to Hurricane Ian making landfall in the Fort Myers area, WTLQ-FM\'s format temporarily moved to WHEL (93.7). WTLQ-FM returned to the air on October 21, allowing WHEL to resume its regular country music programming
| 76 |
WTLQ-FM
| 0 |
10,152,558 |
# Burton Lawless
**Richard Burton Lawless** (born November 1, 1953) is an American former professional football offensive guard in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and Detroit Lions. He played college football at the University of Florida, and earned All-American honors. He was selected in the second round of the 1975 NFL draft.
## Early life {#early_life}
Lawless was born in Dothan, Alabama in 1953, before his family moved to Florida. He attended Charlotte High School in Punta Gorda, Florida, where he first drew recognition as an all-state tight end for the Charlotte Fighting Tarpons high school football team.
In 2007, thirty-six years after he graduated from high school, the Florida High School Athletic Association (FHSAA) recognized Lawless as one of the \"100 Greatest Players of the First 100 Years\" of Florida high school football. In 2001, he was inducted into the Charlotte High School Hall of Fame.
## College career {#college_career}
Lawless accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for coach Doug Dickey\'s Florida Gators football team from 1971 to 1974. As a freshman, he broke his shoulder on his first practice and was moved to offensive tackle when he returned to the team, and eventually to offensive guard, where he arguably became the best pulling guard in Gators history.
He was a three-year starter, a second-team All-Southeastern conference (SEC) selection in 1973 and 1974, and a first-team All-American during his senior season in 1974. He also played in the 1975 Chicago College All-Star Game.
Lawless returned to the university during the NFL off-season to finish his bachelor\'s degree in exercise and sport sciences in 1977, and he was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a \"Gator Great\" in 1978. In one of a series of articles published by *The Gainesville Sun* in 2006, he was recognized as one of the top 100 Gators (No. 42) of the first 100 years of Florida football.
| 332 |
Burton Lawless
| 0 |
10,152,558 |
# Burton Lawless
## Professional career {#professional_career}
Lawless was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the second round (forty-fourth pick overall) of the 1975 NFL draft, also known as the Dirty Dozen draft. Mitch Hoopes and he were the only rookies to earn starting jobs, with Lawless replacing the traded John Niland at left guard and becoming the first-team rookie to start in the offensive line (including Super Bowl X) since `{{NFL Year|1965}}`{=mediawiki}. At the end of the `{{NFL Year|1975}}`{=mediawiki} season, he was named to the NFL All-Rookie team.
In `{{NFL Year|1976}}`{=mediawiki}, the improved play of Herbert Scott forced him into a platoon role. In `{{NFL Year|1977}}`{=mediawiki}, he was moved to right guard but lost the starting job to Tom Rafferty. Injuries to Scott and John Fitzgerald allowed him to start 6 games (4 at left guard and 2 at right guard).
The next year, he was back to serving as a messenger guard, alternating mainly with Rafferty. After requesting to be traded, he retired in `{{NFL Year|1980}}`{=mediawiki} during training camp and was subsequently traded to the Miami Dolphins for a draft choice (not exercised) on August 19. During his time with the Cowboys, he was a part of three Super Bowl teams, winning Super Bowl XII.
The Miami Dolphins released him on September 1, `{{NFL Year|1980}}`{=mediawiki}. On October 23, he signed as a free agent with the Detroit Lions, where he played in nine games. He was released on August 31, `{{NFL Year|1981}}`{=mediawiki}. On November 17, he was signed by the Miami Dolphins to be a backup behind Bob Kuechenberg for the last five games of the 1981 season.
In April `{{NFL Year|1982}}`{=mediawiki}, Lawless signed a contract with the Chicago Bears. In May, during the off-season, a 12-foot, 5,000-pound plow-arm fell on his head and neck, causing him to be paralyzed from the neck down for 17 days and ending his professional career.
During his seven-season NFL career, Lawless played in eighty-two games, and started in twenty-three of them.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Lawless attended the Cowboys alumni reunion and closing ceremony at Texas Stadium in Dallas on December 20, 2008. Blackie Lawless, the lead singer of one of the most popular glam bands of the 80's. W.A.S.P. uses the last name Lawless. Blackie was watching a Cowboys game and like the last name and decided to use it
| 390 |
Burton Lawless
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10,152,572 |
# Richard Walter (psychologist)
**Richard Walter** was an American forensic psychologist for the Michigan prison system until his retirement in 2000, and a self-styled \"crime scene analyst\" who has been characterized as one of the creators of modern criminal profiling.
A *New York* piece in April 2023 argued that Walter had inflated his credentials and work history and has been accused of perjuring himself as an expert witness in a murder trial.
## Career
Walter developed a number of psychological classifications for violent crime, and was a co-founder of the Vidocq Society, an organization of forensic professionals dedicated to solving cold cases. As a psychologist for Michigan\'s prison system, he reportedly had interviewed more than 22,000 convicted felons.
He and Robert D. Keppel, then the chief investigator for the Attorney General\'s Office in the State of Washington, wrote *Profiling Killers: A Revised Classification Model for Understanding Sexual Murder*. Keppel created the Homicide Information Tracking Unit (HITS) database, to which Walter was a prolific contributor. Walter was reportedly the first to develop a matrix as a tool of investigation using pre-crime, crime and post-crime behaviors to help develop suspects.
The Vidocq Society and its three co-founders, including Walter, were the subject of a 2010 book by Michael Capuzzo entitled *The Murder Room: The Heirs of Sherlock Holmes Gather to Solve the World\'s Most Perplexing Cold Cases*. Walter was also a Fellow of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine/Clinical Forensic Medicine, a Fellow of the Australasian College of Biomedical Sciences, and a 22-year prison psychologist for the state of Michigan. He has given lectures to police organizations and has been featured on television programs, such as *America\'s Most Wanted*.
| 285 |
Richard Walter (psychologist)
| 0 |
10,152,572 |
# Richard Walter (psychologist)
## Notable cases {#notable_cases}
In 1989, Walter provided the psychological profile for mass murderer John List, who had evaded detection for 18 years. Using Walter\'s profile, forensic sculptor Frank Bender was able to create a bust of List that was accurately aged to reflect the changes in the unseen List\'s face over the years. This was featured on an episode of *America\'s Most Wanted*; the sculpture was so similar to List\'s current appearance that he was captured the next day.
In Lubbock, Texas in 1999, City Police solved the murder of Scott Dunn with Walter\'s aid. A rare case where a conviction was garnered in the absence of a body, it is chronicled in the book *Trail of Blood* by Wanda Evans and in the television series *Medical Detectives*.
In 2005, the Hudson, Wisconsin Police Department consulted with the Vidocq Society on the 2002 double homicide of Dan O\'Connell and James Ellison. In October 2005, St. Croix County Judge Eric Lundell found probable cause that Fr. Ryan Erickson, a Roman Catholic priest who was trying to prevent O\'Connell from going public with child molestation allegations, had committed the murders. Shortly before he could be arrested, Fr. Erickson hanged himself inside the offices of his own church in December 2004.
### The Drake case {#the_drake_case}
In October 1982, Walter testified in Niagara County (NY) Supreme Court in the double murder trial of Robie J. Drake, who was convicted of murdering fellow high school classmates Steven Rosenthal, 18, and Amy Smith, 16, in a \"lover\'s lane\" killing. Shortly before midnight on Dec. 5, 1981, Drake fired 19 rounds from a semiautomatic .22-caliber rifle into a 1969 Chevrolet Nova. He killed Smith with two shots in the back of the head, and shot Rosenthal fourteen times in the face and upper body. Then, with Rosenthal still groaning, Drake admitted he stabbed him in the back with a 71/2-inch hunting knife, according to The Buffalo News. He was accused of removing Smith from the car, biting her breasts, and trying to sexually assault her with a flashlight. Drake was caught by police at a landfill as he tried to stuff Smith\'s nude body into the trunk. According to *New York*, Walter testified that \"Drake had committed a particular type of \'lust murder\' because he was driven by \'piquerism,\' an obscure sadistic impulse to derive sexual pleasure from penetrating people with bullets, knives, and teeth.\" Drake was sentenced to two consecutive terms of 20 years to life.
In 2003, after 27 years of appeals, Drake was granted a new trial when the U. S. Second Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that Walter had inflated his resume and committed perjury in the 1982 trial. A federal judge wrote that Walter was \"a charlatan\" and that \"his testimony was, medically speaking, nonsense.\" The American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) twice investigated Drake\'s allegations against Walter and found Walter innocent of any wrongdoing. The Vidocq Society also investigated the allegations and pronounced Walter innocent. In the course of writing his book on the Vidocq Society, *The Murder Room*, author Michael Capuzzo investigated the allegations and claimed they were groundless. \"Drake did what criminals do,\" Walter told Capuzzo in an interview. \"He lied and tried to take advantage of people and the system. Justice took a holiday in this case, and I ended up with an undeserved scar of war with crime. Occasionally bottom-dwellers in the forensic community will try to exploit Drake\'s lies on the internet. But I\'ve simply gone on to do some good work while choosing to avoid lawyers and chalk it up to \'life is not always fair\'.\"
In May 2010, Drake received a new trial in Niagara County. He was convicted again and received a longer sentence, two consecutive terms of 25 years to life, *The Buffalo News* reported. Drake\'s second conviction was subsequently tossed because of \"irrelevant and prejudicial\" bite-mark evidence. In 2014, Drake pleaded to reduced charges and was released
| 662 |
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| 1 |
10,152,607 |
# Donovan Olson
**Donovan Olson** (born June 12, 1965) is a former Iowa State Representative from the 48th District. A Democrat, he served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2003 until 2011, when he lost re-election to Republican Chip Baltimore. He received his BA and MCRP from Iowa State University.
During his last term in the Iowa House, Olson served on the Commerce, Joint Government Oversight, Local Government, Transportationm, and Ways and Means committees. He also served as chair of the Environmental Protection Committee and as a member of the Agriculture and Natural Resources Appropriations Subcommittee and of the Climate Change Advisory Council.
## Electoral history {#electoral_history}
\*incumbent `{{Compact election box no change begin}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title =Iowa House of Representatives primary elections, 2002
| election_note =District 48
| election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2002/results/PRI_StateRep.pdf|title=Canvass Summary - Primary - 2002 General Election (6/4/2002)|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|date=2002-07-01|accessdate=2011-09-19|page=21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929105357/http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2002/results/PRI_StateRep.pdf|archive-date=2011-09-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| turnout_votes =1,002
| result =(newly redistricted)
| winner =Donovan Olson <!-- no incumbent -->
| winner_party =Iowa Democratic Party
| winner_votes =514
| winner_percent =51.3
| candidate2 =Mary Lee Weaver
| candidate2_party =Iowa Democratic Party
| candidate2_votes =486
| candidate2_percent =48.5
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title =Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2002
| election_note =District 48
| election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2002/results/Canvass%20Summary.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030309172016/http://www.sos.state.ia.us/PDFs/elections/2002/results/Canvass%20Summary.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 9, 2003|title=Canvass Summary - Final - 2002 General Election (11/5/2002)|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|date=2002-12-02|accessdate=2011-09-19|page=31}}</ref>
| turnout_votes =10,164
| result =(newly redistricted)
| loser_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| winner =Donovan Olson <!-- no incumbent -->
| winner_party =Iowa Democratic Party
| winner_votes =5,177
| winner_percent =50.9
| candidate2 =Philip L. Stone
| candidate2_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| candidate2_votes =4,981
| candidate2_percent =49.0
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title =Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2004
| election_note =District 48
| election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2004/general/CanvassSummary.pdf |title=Canvass Summary - Final - 2004 General Election (11/2/2004) |publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]] |date=2004-12-06 |accessdate=2011-09-19 |page=28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104025211/http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2004/general/CanvassSummary.pdf |archivedate=2007-01-04 }}</ref>
| turnout_votes =13,977
| result =hold
| loser_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| winner =Donovan Olson*
| winner_party =Iowa Democratic Party
| winner_votes =7,888
| winner_percent =56.4
| candidate2 =Charles Braun
| candidate2_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| candidate2_votes =6,086
| candidate2_percent =43.5
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title =[[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2006]]
| election_note =District 48
| election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/GenOffResults.pdf |title=Official Results Report - Statewide, 2006 General Election 11-07-2006 |publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]] |date=2006-11-21 |accessdate=2011-09-19 |page=37 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715101939/http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/GenOffResults.pdf |archivedate=2007-07-15 }}</ref>
| turnout_votes =10,046
| result =hold
| loser_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| winner =Donovan Olson*
| winner_party =Iowa Democratic Party
| winner_votes =6,145
| winner_percent =61.2
| candidate2 =Charles Braun
| candidate2_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| candidate2_votes =3,856
| candidate2_percent =38.4
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title =[[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2008]]
| election_note =District 48
| election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/elections/results/2008GeneralResults.html|title=November 4, 2008 General Election Results|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|accessdate=2011-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408054656/http://www.sos.state.ia.us/elections/results/2008GeneralResults.html|archive-date=April 8, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| turnout_votes =10,489
| result =hold
| winner =Donovan Olson*
| winner_party =Iowa Democratic Party
| winner_votes =10,248
| winner_percent =97.7
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title =[[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2010]]
| election_note =District 48
| election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2010/gensummaryorr.pdf|title=Official Results Report, General Election held November 2, 2010|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|date=2010-12-16|accessdate=2011-09-19|page=89}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| turnout_votes =10,988
| result =gain
| loser_party =Iowa Democratic Party
| winner =Chip Baltimore
| winner_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| winner_votes =5,384
| winner_percent =49.0
| candidate2 =Donovan Olson*
| candidate2_party =Iowa Democratic Party
| candidate2_votes =5,361
| candidate2_percent =48
| 577 |
Donovan Olson
| 0 |
10,152,648 |
# Canadian Senior Curling Championships
The **Canadian Senior Curling Championships** are an annual bonspiel held to determine the national champions in senior curling for Canada. Seniors are defined as being people over the age of 50. The championship teams play at the World Senior Curling Championships the following year.
The event\'s first committee was established in October 1964. Frank Sargent was an original member of the senior championship committee, and believed the event would attract former Brier competitors and give seniors a place to compete which had not existed. The inaugural Canadian Seniors Curling Championship was hosted in Port Arthur in March 1965. It used a minimum age of 55 for competitors, and had the Seagram Company as its title sponsor.
## Past champions {#past_champions}
### Men
#### 1964--1987
Year Team Winning skip Host
------ ------ ------------------- -------------------------------------
1965 Leo Johnson Port Arthur, Ontario
1966 Jim Johnston Winnipeg, Manitoba
1967 Jim Murphy Montreal, Quebec
1968 Don Wilson Edmonton, Alberta
1969 Alfie Phillips Hamilton, Ontario
1970 Don MacRae Kamloops, British Columbia
1971 Wen MacDonald Halifax, Nova Scotia
1972 Ken Weldon Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
1973 Bill McTavish Sudbury, Ontario
1974 George Beaudry Saint John, New Brunswick
1975 Wen MacDonald Calgary, Alberta
1976 Wen MacDonald Ottawa, Ontario
1977 Morrie Thompson Winnipeg, Manitoba
1978 Art Knutson St. Thomas, Ontario
1979 Cliff Forry Noranda, Quebec
1980 Terry McGeary Saint John, New Brunswick
1981 Jim Wilson Nanaimo, British Columbia
1982 Lloyd Gunnlaugson Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
1983 Lloyd Gunnlaugson Sarnia, Ontario
1984 Lloyd Gunnlaugson St. John\'s, Newfoundland
1985 Frank Scheirich Yorkton, Saskatchewan
1986 Earle Hushagen Portage la Prairie, Manitoba
1987 Norm Houck Prince George, British Columbia
#### 1988--present
A playoff was added in 1988
Year Team Winning skip Runner-up team (skip) Host
------ ---------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------------- ------------------------------------
1988 Bill Clark (Barry Coleman) Peterborough, Ontario
1989 Jim Sharples (Harvey Mazinke) Kenora, Ontario
1990 Jim Ursel (Jerry Martin) Whitehorse, Yukon
1991 Jim Ursel (Al Delmage) Victoria, British Columbia
1992 Jim Sharples (Barry Fry) Nipawin, Saskatchewan
1993 Len Erickson (Al Delmage) Edmonton, Alberta
1994 David Sullivan (Jim Horswell) Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan
1995 Bill Dickie (Glenn Pryor) Saint John, New Brunswick
1996 Bob Turcotte (Bill Johnston) Medicine Hat, Alberta
1997 Bob Turcotte (Murray Eddy) Thornhill, Ontario
1998 Gary Bryden (Clare DeBlonde) Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
1999 Ken Watson (Jim Sharples) Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
2000 Bob Turcotte (Wayne Laface) Portage la Prairie, Manitoba
2001 Gary Ross (Tom Reed) Calgary, Alberta
2002 Carl German (Bob Fedosa) St. Thomas, Ontario
2003 Tom Reed (Doug Armour) Lethbridge, Alberta
2004 Bas Buckle (Steve Ogden) Vernon, British Columbia
2005 Les Rogers (Al Harnden) East St. Paul, Manitoba
2006 Al Hackner (Les Rogers) Summerside, Prince Edward Island
2007 Pat Ryan (Bob Turcotte) Trois-Rivières, Quebec
2008 Eugene Hritzuk (Russ Howard) Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
2009 Bruce Delaney (Russ Howard) Summerside, Prince Edward Island
2010 Mark Johnson (Gareth Parry) Ottawa, Ontario
2011 Kelly Robertson (Brad Hannah) Digby, Nova Scotia
2012 Rob Armitage (Glenn Goss) Abbotsford, British Columbia
2013 Wayne Tallon (Howard Rajala) Summerside, Prince Edward Island
2014 Alan O\'Leary (Kelly Robertson) Yellowknife, Northwest Territories
2015 Randy Neufeld (Ted Butler) Edmonton, Alberta
2016 Bryan Cochrane (Randy Neufeld) Digby, Nova Scotia
2017 Wade White (Howard Rajala) Fredericton, New Brunswick
2018 Bryan Cochrane (Terry Odishaw) Stratford, Ontario
2019 Bruce Korte (Bryan Cochrane) Chilliwack, British Columbia
2020 *Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada* Portage la Prairie, Manitoba
2021 Wade White (Bryan Cochrane) Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
2022 Howard Rajala (James Pahl) Yarmouth, Nova Scotia
2023 Paul Flemming (Bruce Korte) Vernon, British Columbia
2024 Randy Bryden (James Pahl) Moncton, New Brunswick
Province Titles by province
---------- --------------------
13
12
10
9
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
| 604 |
Canadian Senior Curling Championships
| 0 |
10,152,648 |
# Canadian Senior Curling Championships
## Past champions {#past_champions}
### Women
#### 1973--1987 {#section_1}
Year Team Winning skip Host
------ ------ ---------------- -------------------------------------
1973 Ada Calles Ottawa, Ontario
1974 Flora Martin Halifax, Nova Scotia
1975 Flora Martin Swift Current, Saskatchewan
1976 Hadie Manley Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
1977 Vi Tapella Peace River, Alberta
1978 Hadie Manley St. John\'s, Newfoundland
1979 Flora Martin Vernon, British Columbia
1980 Flora Martin Fredericton, New Brunswick
1981 Bea Mayer Winnipeg, Manitoba
1982 Verda Kempton Montreal, Quebec
1983 Mabel Mitchell Guelph, Ontario
1984 Ev Krahn Halifax, Nova Scotia
1985 Ev Krahn Yorkton, Saskatchewan
1986 Ev Krahn Portage la Prairie, Manitoba
1987 Verda Kempton Prince George, British Columbia
#### 1988--present {#present_1}
A playoff was added in 1988
Year Team Winning skip Runner-up team (skip) Host
------ ---------------------------------------------------- --------------------- ----------------------- ------------------------------------
1988 Phyllis Nielsen (Helen Elson) Peterborough, Ontario
1989 Emily Farnham (Arthena Fleming) Kenora, Ontario
1990 Jill Greenwood (Amy Nakamura) Whitehorse, Yukon
1991 Eila Brown (Emily Farnham) Victoria, British Columbia
1992 Sheila Rowan (Bessie Low) Nipawin, Saskatchewan
1993 Jill Greenwood (Joan Ingram) Edmonton, Alberta
1994 Cordella Schwengler (Sue Anne Bartlett) Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan
1995 Sheila Ross (Michele Page) Saint John, New Brunswick
1996 Jill Greenwood (Jeanette Sillars) Medicine Hat, Alberta
1997 Agnès Charette (Jill Greenwood) Thornhill, Ontario
1998 Jill Greenwood (Agnès Charette) Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
1999 Agnès Charette (Maymar Gemmell) Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
2000 Agnès Charette (Nancy Kerr) Portage la Prairie, Manitoba
2001 Anne Dunn (Linda Van Daele) Calgary, Alberta
2002 Anne Dunn (Simone Handfield) St. Thomas, Ontario
2003 Nancy Kerr (Karen Lepine) Lethbridge, Alberta
2004 Anne Dunn (Kathy Smiley) Vernon, British Columbia
2005 Joyce Potter (Kathy Smiley) East St. Paul, Manitoba
2006 Anne Dunn (Jane Adam) Summerside, Prince Edward Island
2007 Diane Foster (Kathy Smiley) Trois-Rivières, Quebec
2008 Pat Sanders (Ann Pearson) Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
2009 Colleen Pinkney (Kathy Smiley) Summerside, Prince Edward Island
2010 Christine Jurgenson (Heidi Hanlon) Ottawa, Ontario
2011 Heidi Hanlon (Joyce Potter) Digby, Nova Scotia
2012 Cathy King (Cathy Cunningham) Abbotsford, British Columbia
2013 Colleen Pinkney (Deb Santos) Summerside, Prince Edward Island
2014 Lois Fowler (Lorraine Arguin) Yellowknife, Northwest Territories
2015 Terri Loblaw (Colleen Jones) Edmonton, Alberta
2016 Colleen Jones (Sherry Anderson) Digby, Nova Scotia
2017 Sherry Anderson (Jo-Ann Rizzo) Fredericton, New Brunswick
2018 Sherry Anderson (Mary Mattatall) Stratford, Ontario
2019 Sherry Anderson (Sherry Middaugh) Chilliwack, British Columbia
2020 *Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada* Portage la Prairie, Manitoba
2021 Sherry Anderson (Mary-Anne Arsenault) Sault Ste
| 405 |
Canadian Senior Curling Championships
| 1 |
10,152,718 |
# Carlos Rivero (musician)
**Carlos Rivero** is an Argentine author and composer, musician and music teacher, born in San Juan. He developed an intensive professional career as a folk percussion performer.
Specialized in Argentine folk music, he toured, played and recorded with many artists and groups, such as Manolo Juárez, Suna Rocha, Jaime Torres, Leda Valladares, Jairo, Facundo Saravia, Los Andariegos, and Los Chalchareros, among many others.
Rivero has composed Chamber Works for Percussion, being one of them *Hunuc Huar* (for flute, cello and percussion), the premiere of which took place at the Auditorium LRA Radio Nacional.
In 1995 he received a Trimarg Award, granted by the Argentine Music Committee of UNESCO, in the genre \"Folk Projection\".
In 2002 he was granted the National Fellowship in Folk Expressions by the National Arts Fund (Fondo Nacional de las Artes). In 2004 Carlos Rivero published his book: **Bombo Legüero and Argentine Folk Percussion**.
He played at the Mar del Plata San Martín Theatre (Sala Martín Coronado) as part of the \"Mar del Jazz\" Festival with Greek guitar player, Andreas Geogiu, and Brazilian percussionist Eliezér Freitas Santos. He has also recorded with bass player César Franov and guitarist Quique Sinessi; the trio toured around the country.
Rivero formed part of the Ethnic Percussion Trio with Marcelo García and Facundo Guevara, and he has also performed in a Duet together with the guitar player José Salussi. He covered the well-known Argentine rock band Divididos during a concert in Sarmiento Park (Córdoba) and also contributed with the band Bersuit Vergarabat for their album, *La Argentinidad al Palo*. With this group, he performed at concerts held in the River Plate Stadium and the Luna Park.
Since 1987, Carlos Rivero works as a full-time professor of folklore at the School of Popular Music of Avellaneda. He also gives clinics and lectures on Musical Language Appreciation, Bombo legüero and Argentine Folk Percussion all over the country
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10,152,723 |
# Helen Miller (politician)
**Helen Naomi Miller** (born 1945) is an American politician who served as a member of the Iowa House of Representatives from 2003 to 2019.
## Education
Miller was born in Newark, New Jersey, and attended South Side High School (now Malcolm X Shabazz High School). She graduated from Howard University in Washington, D.C., with a Bachelor of Arts in business administration and was initiated as a member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority. She later earned a Master of Science in library sciences from Our Lady of the Lake University in San Antonio, Texas. She earned her Juris Doctor from the Georgetown University Law Center.
## Career
In the Iowa House of Representatives, Miller served on several committees, including the Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Transportation committees. She also serves as the ranking member of the Agriculture Committee. Her political experience includes serving as an assistant minority leader in the Iowa House (2005--2006) and an assistant majority leader
| 161 |
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| 0 |
10,152,728 |
# Helicaon
In Greek mythology, **Helicaon** or **Helikaon** (Ancient Greek: Ἑλικάων) was a Trojan warrior and son of the elder Antenor and the priestess Theano. He was the brother of Crino, including Acamas, Agenor, Antheus,`{{AI-generated source|date=November 2024}}`{=mediawiki} Archelochus, Coön, Demoleon, Eurymachus, Glaucus, Hypsipylus, Iphidamas, Laodamas, Laodocus, Medon, Polybus, and Thersilochus.
Helicaon\'s wife Laodice, daughter of Priam, fell in love with Acamas
| 61 |
Helicaon
| 0 |
10,152,744 |
# Tony Liscio
**Anthony Liscio** (July 2, 1940 -- June 18, 2017) was an American football offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football at the University of Tulsa.
## Early life {#early_life}
Liscio attended Westinghouse High School, where he was an All-state end in football, the starting center in basketball and a shot putter for the track and field team.
He was inducted into the Westinghouse High School Wall of Fame. In 2015, he was inducted into the Pittsburgh City League Hall of Fame.
## College career {#college_career}
Liscio accepted a football scholarship from the University of Tulsa. He was a two-way starting tackle.
As a senior, he was moved to defensive end and was named All-Missouri Valley Conference, honorable-mention All-American and was invited to play in the College All-Star Game against the NFL champion.
In 2004, he was inducted into the University of Tulsa Athletics Hall of Fame.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Green Bay Packers {#green_bay_packers}
Liscio was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the third round (42nd overall) of the 1963 NFL draft. He was also drafted by the New York Jets in the tenth round (75th overall) of the 1963 AFL Draft.
He signed with the Packers, and during training camp he was used as a defensive end and defensive tackle. He was eventually released the week of the season opener on September 10.
### Dallas Cowboys (first stint) {#dallas_cowboys_first_stint}
In September 1967, Liscio was signed by the Dallas Cowboys to their taxi squad, where he was switched to the offensive line. He was named the starter at left tackle (five starts) at the end of his rookie season, becoming the second player in franchise history to hold this position after replacing Bob Fry.
In 1964, Liscio started 10 games before being placed on the injured reserve list with a right knee injury. He lost all of the 1965 season, after suffering complications (staph infection) from the knee surgery he had in the offseason.
In 1966, he recovered to resume his career, was named the starting left guard (10 starts), and eventually moved back to left tackle (four starts) at the end of the season. He received second-team All-Pro honors and was voted second to Dick Bass for the NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award.
In 1967, he was the starter at left tackle and played in the championship game, famously known as the \"Ice Bowl\".
In 1970, he appeared in 11 games with 7 starts. Liscio began the season as the starter at left tackle, before suffering a back injury in the fifth game against the Minnesota Vikings. He was replaced by Ralph Neely, who would remain the starter at left tackle for the following years.
During his first eight seasons, Liscio was a starter on an offensive line that helped Dallas reach two NFC Championships and one Super Bowl, while playing in 84 games, many of them with injuries.
On May 19, 1971, he was sent to the San Diego Chargers as part of the "Bambi" trade that brought Hall of Famer Lance Alworth to the Cowboys.
### San Diego Chargers {#san_diego_chargers}
Liscio never played a game for the Chargers because of injuries to his back and hamstrings. On September 8, 1971, he was traded to the Miami Dolphins along with a fourth round draft choice (#91-Larry Ball) in exchange for center Carl Mauck.
He never played a game for the Miami Dolphins either, because he announced his retirement after the trade became official, rather than reporting to the team.
### Dallas Cowboys (second stint) {#dallas_cowboys_second_stint}
In 1971, head coach Tom Landry called Liscio on Monday November 15 to ask if he could return to the Cowboys to replace the injured Neely, Forrest Gregg and Don Talbert. He reported to the team on Wednesday to start at left tackle against the Washington Redskins on Sunday. During the game, Liscio played with injuries to his shoulders and knees. Liscio and the Cowboys won the game 13-0 and became the leader in the NFC East.
He started the last 5 games of the regular season and the playoffs at left tackle. At Super Bowl VI, the Cowboys defeated Miami 24-3. In that game, Liscio successfully blocked Bill Stanfill, helping Duane Thomas and other running backs register 252 rushing yards. He retired at the end of the year.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
After football, he worked in commercial real estate. In 2012, he suffered a heart attack while being present at the Dallas Cowboys training camp.
Liscio died on June 18, 2017, at age 76 at his Lake Highlands home. He was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after falling and breaking his hip in mid-2016 and began slurring his words. He had lost his ability to speak and required a feeding tube, according to his wife, Annette, to whom he was married since 1963. She believed playing football had contributed to his condition and, upon his death, donated his brain to be tested for chronic traumatic encephalopathy. He was survived by her and their three children
| 850 |
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| 0 |
10,152,785 |
# Viktor Nogin
**Viktor Pavlovich Nogin** (*Ви́ктор Па́влович Ноги́н*; 14 February \[O.S. 2 February\] 1878 -- 22 May 1924) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, and statesman in Moscow, holding many high positions in the party and in government, including Chairman of the Moscow Military Revolutionary Committee and Chairman of the Presidium of the Executive Committee of Moscow Council of Workers\' Deputies (Mayor of Moscow). He was a member of first the Council of People\'s Commissars, i.e., the first Government of Soviet Russia, as People\'s Commissar for Commerce and Industry.
## Biography
Viktor Nogin, born in Moscow, then part of the Russian Empire, was the son of a clerk. He left school at 14, and worked in a textile factory in St Petersburg. In 1898, he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). He was arrested that same year and exiled to Poltava. In 1900, he emigrated. He returned to Russia, having agreed to act as a distributor of *Iskra*, the newspaper founded abroad by Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov. When the RSDLP split into factions in 1903, Nogin joined the Bolsheviks. In 1907, he was a delegate to the RSDLP congress in London, where he was elected to the Central Committee. During his years as a revolutionary, operating illegally in Russia, he was arrested eight times, and escaped six times.
Within the Bolshevik faction, Nogin was a \'conciliator\' who wanted to reunite the RSDLP. In January 1910, he was one of the organisers of a three-week conference in Paris, called by the Central Committee. As part of the preparations, he travelled to Baku, hoping to enlist Joseph Stalin, then known as \'Koba\' but failed to make contact with him. At the conference, Lenin was repeatedly outvoted, as the delegates decided in favour of reuniting the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. According to Nadezhda Krupskaya, Lenin\'s widow, Nogin wanted to \"unite everybody\", including those who wanted to abandon illegal activity, but when he returned to Russia to try to put this into effect, he was rebuffed by the Bolsheviks there. He was arrested in April 1911, for the last time, and spent five years in prison.
By 1917, Nogin was one of the leaders of the Moscow branch of Bolsheviks. In April, he was chaired the party conference convened while Lenin was still absent abroad, and when a lone delegate raised the possibility of a second, Bolshevik revolution (democratic February Revolution occurred earlier that year), Nogin ruled him out of order. The conference elected him to the Central Committee.
After Lenin had returned and was calling for a second revolution, Nogin was one of the leading Bolsheviks who argued against him. At the Sixth Party Congress, in August, he warned: \"Is it possible, comrades, that our country has made such a leap in two months that it is already prepared for socialism? Where are our allies? So far, we have only the platonic sympathy of the Western European proletariat \... We will find active support only in the "rotten" Soviets\". Despite being in what soon became the minority, he was re-elected to the Central Committee in August, with the fifth highest vote (behind Lenin, Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev and Leon Trotsky. He was a member of the Provisional Committee during the struggle against General Lavr Kornilov\'s affair in Petrograd. From September to November 1917 He was the chairman of the Executive Committee of Moscow Soviet of People\'s Deputies (Mayor of Moscow). As Chairman of the Moscow Military-Revolutionary Committee, Nogin tried to lead a peaceful and bloodless transfer of power to the Bolsheviks, hoping to avoid more bloodshed in Moscow. Before a session of the RSDLP Central Committee on 1 November 1917, he joined in advocating the creation of a coalition government involving all of the socialist parties, claiming that a Bolshevik-only government could only be sustained through terror. This was rebuffed by other Bolsheviks and not realized.
Nogin was appointed People\'s Commissar for Commerce and Industry after the October Revolution but resigned on 17 November, along with Kamenev, Zinoviev, Rykov, Milyutin and others, -- after he had presented a declaration repudiating \"the preservation of power of a purely Bolshevik government by means of terror.\"
Nogin formally admitted \"his mistakes\" on 12 December (29 November Old Style) 1917, but at Lenin\'s insistence, his request to be re-admitted to the Central Committee was not granted until January 1918, when he was appointed Commissar for Labour for the Moscow Region. In March, he was permanently dropped from the Central Committee, but in April, Nogin was appointed Deputy People\'s Commissar for Labour. In this position, he enjoyed great deal of authority in foreign trade and industry circles, accompanying Leonid Krasin to London for the negotiations over the Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement.
In 1923, Nogin was appointed head of the Soviet textile trust. Unable to purchase raw cotton from the United States, Nogin travelled to New York in August 1923, and negotiated a deal with Anderson, Clayton & Co, one of the United States\' largest cotton exporters, which was the first trade deal between a US company and the communist regime. While there, he helped the Coolidge administration communicate with Moscow using the code of the Soviet government, in an attempt to establish relations between the two countries. He died soon after he had returned to Moscow.
Viktor Nogin is buried in the Grave No. 6 of the Kremlin Wall Necropolis on the Red Square, Moscow.
## Family
He married Olga Pavlovna Ermakova, (1885--1977) with whom he had two children. His brother in law, Viktor Radus-Zenkovich, was Chairmen of the Council of People\'s Commissars, Kyrgyz ASSR, Russian SFSR, from 12 October 1920 to 1921.
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# Viktor Nogin
## Personality
Arthur Ransome described Nogin as \"an extremely capable, energetic Russian, so capable, indeed, that I found it hard to believe he could really be a Russian.\"
## Positions held {#positions_held}
Some of the Bolshevik party and government positions held by Viktor Nogin are listed below:
- Executive Committee of the Moscow Soviet of Workers\' Deputies (before 1917)
- Central Committee member at the Sixth Congress of the RSDLP (July -- August 1917)
- People\'s Commissar for Trade and Industry in the first cabinet of the Council of People\'s Commissars at the Second All-Russia Congress of Soviets
- Chairman of the Moscow Soviet of Workers\' Deputies, succeeding Menshevik L.M. Khinchuk, who resigned (5 September 1917)
- Head of Moscow as Chairman of the Presidium of the `{{not a typo|Executive Committee}}`{=mediawiki} of the Moscow Soviet of Workers\' Deputies (19 September 1917 -- 13 November 1917)
- Labor commissar of the Moscow Region and a deputy to the Constituent Assembly (17 November 1917)
- Deputy People\'s Commissar of Labor of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (April 1918)
## Legacy
The historic 14th-century town of Bogorodsk was renamed Noginsk after him in 1930. In 1934, the USSR Post Office produced a 15 Kopeck stamp honoring Viktor Nogin. A station in the Moscow Metro Kitay-Gorod was called Ploshchad Nogina until 1990, after a square in central Moscow that was renamed after Viktor Nogin in 1924 (now also reverted to the old name of Slavyanskaya Square). Streets named after Nogin still exist in many Russia cities, such as in Saint Petersburg, Nizhniy Novgorod, Volgograd, Novosibirsk, Pavlovskiy Posad, Samara, and Serpukhov
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# Gerardo Galindo
**Gerardo Gabriel Galindo Martínez**`{{family name footnote|Galindo|Martínez|lang=Spanish}}`{=mediawiki} (born 23 May 1978) is a Mexican former professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
### Club
Gerardo debuted in a victory 1--0 over Atlante. *El Jerry* was a vital part in UNAM Pumas 2 championships in a row in 2004. Although debuting in 1997, it was in 2001 when he gained a starting spot in Pumas.
### International
Being a starter and a trustworthy player in Hugo Sánchez\'s coaching career in Pumas, he has also been called to play with Mexico, such as qualification games for the 2006 FIFA World Cup.
## Managerial career {#managerial_career}
In 2013, after being diagnosed with cancer, Galindo had treatments to remove a tumor. The tumor returned months later, thus forcing Galindo into retirement. In 2017, Galindo joined former UNAM teammate Jaime Lozano, to be an assistant coach at Queretaro FC
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| 0 |
10,152,797 |
# Alan Feinberg
**Alan Feinberg** (born in New York City) is an American classical pianist. He has premiered over 300 works by such composers as John Adams, Milton Babbitt, John Harbison, Charles Ives, Steve Reich, and Charles Wuorinen, as well as the premiere of Mel Powell\'s Pulitzer Prize winning *Duplicates*. He is an experienced performer of both classical and contemporary music and is well known for recitals that pair old and new music.
## Musical career {#musical_career}
Feinberg toured several times with The Cleveland Orchestra and Christoph von Dohnanyi, first performing Shulamit Ran\'s Concert Piece (including an appearance in Carnegie Hall). He also performed the Brahms Second Piano Concerto on tour with The Cleveland Orchestra and participated in a collaboration with The Cleveland Orchestra which featured the world premiere of the recently discovered Emerson Concerto by composer Charles Ives (performed also in London, Paris, and Amsterdam), and subsequently recorded the work.
He was featured on opening night of the San Francisco Symphony\'s Maverick Festival, at the New Horizons Festival of the New York Philharmonic, the 10th Anniversary Celebration of the American Composers Orchestra, the 92nd Street Y\'s Berio Sequenza Marathon, the first performance of John Adams\' Nixon in China for the Guggenheim\'s Works in Progress Series, and Carnegie Hall\'s Birthday celebration of the music of George Gershwin with Dick Hyman.
Feinberg has performed as a soloist with the Chicago Symphony, The Cleveland Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic, the London Philharmonia, the Montreal Symphony, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the BBC Scottish, the American Symphony Orchestra, the St. Louis Symphony, the Baltimore Symphony, the New World Symphony, and many others.
Feinberg has recorded four solo CDs for London/Decca that survey American music: The American Romantic, The American Virtuoso, The American Innovator, and Fascinatin\' Rhythm---American Syncopation. He has received Grammy Nominations for recordings of the Babbitt \"Piano Concerto\" (New World Records), Morton Feldman\'s \"Palais di Mari\", and Charles Wuorinen\'s \"Capriccio\", \"Bagatelle\", and \"Third Sonata\". He has additionally recorded piano concertos by Mel Powell, Andrew Imbrie, Kamran Ince, Paul Bowles, Amy Beach, Charles Ives, Leo Ornstein, Samuel Adler, Don Gilles, and Robert Helps, as well as a Decca CD of vocal works of Charles Ives with soprano Susan Narucki and a recording of Morton Feldman\'s \"Piano and Orchestra with Michael Tilson Thomas and the New World Symphony. He received his fourth Grammy nomination for \"Best Instrumentalist with Orchestra\" for his recording of the Amy Beach \"Piano Concerto\" with the Nashville Symphony (Naxos). Other recordings can be found on New World Records, CRI, Harmonia Mundi, Bridge, New Albion and Naxos.
He has received five Grammy nominations throughout his career.
Recent recital programs have highlighted his interest in bridging the old and the new; these include a program of Bach and Ustvolskaya, \"Reconsidering Haydn\" (works of Haydn, Schubert, Weir and Kagel), \"Basically Bull\", a program featuring works of John Bull, William Byrd, Orlando Gibbons, Thomas Morley, and Charles Wuorinen. In recent years Mr. Feinberg has taken on work as a programmer and presenter. He has been the Artistic Advisor for the \"Chautauqua Days\" Festival in Castine, Maine and Music Director of the Monadnock Music Festival. He has acted as a programming consultant for the Lincoln Center Chamber Music Society\'s American festival. He has put together programs of American music with himself and other American performers for the White Nights Festival in St. Petersburg and for a series of four concerts in Moscow.
Feinberg has also performed many times abroad. He has appeared as a concerto soloist at The Proms in England, with the Cleveland Orchestra in Paris, with the Amsterdam Radio Orchestra in Holland, with the Montreal Symphony, and with the various BBC orchestras. He has given recitals at Wigmore Hall in London, appeared at festivals in Edinburgh, Bath, Huddersfield, Geneva, Budapest, Berlin, Brescia, Bergamo, and Tokyo. He was also the first pianist to have been invited by the Union of Soviet Composers to represent American contemporary music, an invitation which resulted in performances in both Moscow and Leningrad.
Feinberg also has considerable experience as a teacher, and has taught at SUNY Buffalo, The Juilliard School, Eastman School of Music, Oberlin Conservatory, Carnegie Mellon, Duke, and Princeton Universities.
## Early life {#early_life}
Feinberg received his Bachelor of Music in 1972 and his Master of Music in 1973 from The Juilliard School in New York City with the piano professor Mieczyslaw Munz. He began D.M.A. studies and worked with Robert Helps at the Manhattan School of Music.
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# Alan Feinberg
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Mr. Feinberg lives in New York City with his wife and has two children.
## Awards and Recognitions {#awards_and_recognitions}
Beach Piano Concerto (Naxos 2003) Nomination for Grammy Award for Best Instrumentalist with Orchestra.
Wuorinen/Feldman (Koch International 1997) Nomination for Grammy Award for Best Instrumentalist.
The American Innovator (London/Argo 1995) Nomination for Grammy Award as Best Instrumentalist.
The American Innovator (London/Argo 1995) Most Creative Programming Award CD Magazine.
The American Romantic (London/Argo 1992) Nomination for Grammy Award for Best Instrumentalist.
Milton Babbitt Piano Concerto (New World Records 1987) Nomination for Grammy Award, Best Contemporary Music Record by Opus Magazine, Best Records of the Year in London Times, Picks of the Year, The Village Voice
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10,152,834 |
# Dave Tjepkes
**David A. Tjepkes** (born April 22, 1944) is the Iowa State Representative from the 50th District. He has served in the Iowa House of Representatives since 2003.
, Tjepkes serves on several committees in the Iowa House - the Government Oversight, Judiciary, Local Government, and Public Safety committees. He also serves as chair of the Transportation Committee and as a member of the Joint Government Oversight Committee and the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy Council. His prior political experience includes serving as mayor of Gowrie.
## Electoral history {#electoral_history}
\*incumbent `{{Compact election box no change begin}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
|election_title =Iowa House of Representatives primary elections, 2002
|election_note =District 50
|election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2002/results/PRI_StateRep.pdf|title=Canvass Summary - 2002 Primary Election (6/4/2002)|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|date=2002-07-01|accessdate=2011-09-27|page=22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929105357/http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2002/results/PRI_StateRep.pdf|archive-date=2011-09-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|turnout_votes =2,439
|result =
|winner =David A. Tjepkes <!-- no incumbent -->
|winner_party =Republican Party of Iowa
|winner_votes =1,504
|winner_percent =61.7
|candidate2 =Paul E. Iverson
|candidate2_party =Republican Party of Iowa
|candidate2_votes =935
|candidate2_percent =38.3}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
|election_title =Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2002
|election_note =District 50
|election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2002/results/Canvass%20Summary.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030309172016/http://www.sos.state.ia.us/PDFs/elections/2002/results/Canvass%20Summary.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2003-03-09|title=Canvass Summary - Final - 2002 General Election (11/5/2002)|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|date=2002-12-02|accessdate=2011-09-19|page=32}}</ref>
|turnout_votes =10,198
|result =(newly redistricted)
|loser_party =Iowa Democratic Party
|winner =David A. Tjepkes <!-- no incumbent -->
|winner_party =Republican Party of Iowa
|winner_votes =5,373
|winner_percent =52.7
|candidate2 =Shane S. Matthews
|candidate2_party =Iowa Democratic Party
|candidate2_votes =4,824
|candidate2_percent =47.3}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
|election_title =Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2004
|election_note =District 50
|election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2004/general/CanvassSummary.pdf |title=Canvass Summary - Final - 2004 General Election (11/2/2004) |publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]] |date=2004-12-06 |accessdate=2011-09-19 |page=28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104025211/http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2004/general/CanvassSummary.pdf |archivedate=January 4, 2007 }}</ref>
|turnout_votes =10,749
|result =hold
|winner =David A. Tjepkes*
|winner_party =Republican Party of Iowa
|winner_votes =10,688
|winner_percent =99.4}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
|election_title =[[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2006]]
|election_note =District 50
|election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/GenOffResults.pdf |title=Official Results Report - Statewide, 2006 General Election 11-07-2006 |publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]] |date=2006-11-21 |accessdate=2011-09-19 |page=37 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214021626/http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/GenOffResults.pdf |archivedate=December 14, 2006 }}</ref>
|turnout_votes =10,073
|result =hold
|loser_party =Iowa Democratic Party
|winner =David A. Tjepkes*
|winner_party =Republican Party of Iowa
|winner_votes =5,493
|winner_percent =54.5
|candidate2 =Lynne R. Gentry
|candidate2_party =Iowa Democratic Party
|candidate2_votes =4,351
|candidate2_percent =43.2}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
|election_title =[[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2008]]
|election_note =District 50
|election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/elections/results/2008GeneralResults.html|title=November 4, 2008 General Election Results|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|accessdate=2011-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408054656/http://www.sos.state.ia.us/elections/results/2008GeneralResults.html|archive-date=April 8, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|turnout_votes =12,721
|result =hold
|loser_party =Iowa Democratic Party
|winner =David A. Tjepkes*
|winner_party =Republican Party of Iowa
|winner_votes =8,195
|winner_percent =64.4
|candidate2 =Lynne Gentry
|candidate2_party =Iowa Democratic Party
|candidate2_votes =4,519
|candidate2_percent =35.5}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
|election_title =[[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2010]]
|election_note =District 50
|election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2010/gensummaryorr
| 435 |
Dave Tjepkes
| 0 |
10,152,910 |
# Woman's Gotta Have It
***Woman\'s Gotta Have It*** is the second album by Cornershop, released in 1995.
## Recording and release {#recording_and_release}
The song *My Dancing Days Are Done* is performed in French (*mes jours de bal perdus*) by the guest singers Parsley and Sasha Andres. The album\'s style is a blend of indie rock with Indian music.
The opening track *6am Jullandar Shere*, sung in Punjabi, as well as *Wog* were released as singles. A video for the former was sometimes played on MTV Europe\'s alternative music slots.
## Reception
Reviewing the album on AllMusic, Denise Sullivan called the style \"Hindi-Pop\"
| 103 |
Woman's Gotta Have It
| 0 |
10,152,962 |
# Dick Thornton (Canadian football)
**Richard Quincy** \"**Tricky Dick**\" **Thornton** (November 1, 1939 -- December 19, 2014) was an American professional football player who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL) as a defensive back and wide receiver for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Toronto Argonauts from 1961 to 1972.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### NFL draft {#nfl_draft}
Thornton was selected originally by the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League in the 1961 NFL draft out of Northwestern University, where he starred at quarterback. The Browns immediately traded his rights to the St. Louis Cardinals, but Thornton went to play in Canada, where he starred mostly as a defensive back.
### Winnipeg Blue Bombers {#winnipeg_blue_bombers}
Thornton was a star defensive back and wide receiver for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers from 1961 to 1966. Thornton also subbed for Kenny Ploen when Winnipeg\'s starting quarterback was injured. He won two Grey Cup games with them, the first in 1961, the 49th Grey Cup that went in overtime, the second in 1962, the 50th Grey Cup, played in horrendous fog, both against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. In 1961, he did not play in the title game due to an injury. However, he was an important cog as cornerback on the 1962 team, after intercepting 4 passes and returning one for a touchdown, recovering two fumbles, and blocking a kick during the regular season.
In 1963, Thornton intercepted 6 passes, 3 of them for touchdowns, also returning a fumble for a touchdown. In 1964, he missed most of the season due to an injury, but recovered well in 1965, when he starred again at defensive back and wide receiver, his team making it to the 53rd Grey Cup, the nearly supernatural \"Wind Bowl\", this time losing to Hamilton. After 1966, when the Bombers did not make the playoffs, change was imminent.
### Toronto Argonauts {#toronto_argonauts}
Thornton was traded to the Toronto Argonauts in 1967 and played with them up to 1972 as one of the best defensive backs in that era. Notably, he intercepted 7 passes in 1969 from the cornerback position. He was a CFL all-star and played in the rainy 59th Grey Cup game in 1971. Despite his return of an interception of 54 yards, Toronto lost a defensive struggle to the Calgary Stampeders, 14--11.
### Memphis Southmen {#memphis_southmen}
Thornton ended his playing career with the Memphis Southmen of the World Football League (WFL).
## Coaching career and later life {#coaching_career_and_later_life}
In April 1976, Thornton was hired as athletic director and head football coach at Southwestern at Memphis---now known as Rhodes College. He resigned after the 1978 season.
Thornton retired to the Philippines with his family in 1994 and died of lung cancer, in Manila, in 2014.
Thornton was posthumously announced as a member of the Canadian Football Hall of Fame 2022 class on June 21, 2022
| 475 |
Dick Thornton (Canadian football)
| 0 |
10,153,011 |
# 2007 Tennessee Titans season
The **2007 Tennessee Titans season** was the franchise\'s 38th season in the National Football League (NFL) and the 48th overall. It also marked the franchise\'s 11th season in the state of Tennessee and the 14th under head coach Jeff Fisher. They improved from their 8--8 record from 2006 to a 10--6 record, and made the playoffs for the first time since 2003. However their season ended with a loss to the San Diego Chargers in the wild card round.
## Final roster {#final_roster}
## Schedule
### Preseason
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Recap
------ ------ ------------------------- -------------- -------- ---------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Washington Redskins **L** 6--14 0--1 LP Field [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007081100/2007/PRE1/redskins@titans?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
2 at New England Patriots **W** 27--24 1--1 Gillette Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007081703/2007/PRE2/titans@patriots?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
3 at Buffalo Bills **W** 28--17 2--1 Ralph Wilson Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007082402/2007/PRE3/titans@bills?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
4 Green Bay Packers **W** 30--14 3--1 LP Field [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007083006/2007/PRE4/packers@titans?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
### Regular season {#regular_season}
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Recap
------ -------------- ----------------------------- ------------------- -------- -------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 September 9 at **Jacksonville Jaguars** **W** 13--10 1--0 Jacksonville Municipal Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007090912/2007/REG1/titans@jaguars?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
2 September 16 **Indianapolis Colts** **L** 20--22 1--1 LP Field [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007091607/2007/REG2/colts@titans?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
3 at New Orleans Saints **W** 31--14 2--1 Louisiana Superdome [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007092400/2007/REG3/titans@saints?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
4 *Bye*
5 October 7 Atlanta Falcons **W** 20--13 3--1 LP Field [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007100707/2007/REG5/falcons@titans?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
6 October 14 at Tampa Bay Buccaneers **L** 10--13 3--2 Raymond James Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007101407/2007/REG6/titans@buccaneers?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
7 October 21 at **Houston Texans** **W** 38--36 4--2 Reliant Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007102103/2007/REG7/titans@texans?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
8 October 28 Oakland Raiders **W** 13--9 5--2 LP Field [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007102806/2007/REG8/raiders@titans?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
9 November 4 Carolina Panthers **W** 20--7 6--2 LP Field [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007110408/2007/REG9/panthers@titans?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
10 November 11 **Jacksonville Jaguars** **L** 13--28 6--3 LP Field [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007111106/2007/REG10/jaguars@titans?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
11 at Denver Broncos **L** 20--34 6--4 Invesco Field at Mile High [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007111900/2007/REG11/titans@broncos?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
12 November 25 at Cincinnati Bengals **L** 6--35 6--5 Paul Brown Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007112502/2007/REG12/titans@bengals?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) \|- style=\"background:#cfc;
14 December 9 San Diego Chargers **L** 17--23 (OT) 7--6 LP Field [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007120908/2007/REG14/chargers@titans?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
15 December 16 at Kansas City Chiefs **W** 26--17 8--6 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007121602/2007/REG15/titans@chiefs?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
16 December 23 New York Jets **W** 10--6 9--6 LP Field [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007122311/2007/REG16/jets@titans?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
17 December 30 at **Indianapolis Colts** **W** 16--10 10--6 RCA Dome [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2007123006/2007/REG17/titans@colts?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr)
## Standings
| 352 |
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| 0 |
10,153,011 |
# 2007 Tennessee Titans season
## Regular season {#regular_season_1}
### Week 1: at Jacksonville Jaguars {#week_1_at_jacksonville_jaguars}
The Titans began their season on the road against their division rival, the Jacksonville Jaguars. In the first quarter, Tennessee struck first with kicker Rob Bironas getting a 20-yard field goal. Afterwards, the Jaguars took the lead with QB David Garrard completing a 47-yard TD pass to WR John Broussard. In the second quarter, Jacksonville increased its lead with kicker Josh Scobee getting a 22-yard field goal. Afterwards, the Titans drew closer with Bironas kicking a 31-yard field goal. In the third quarter, Tennessee took the lead for good with QB Vince Young running into the end zone from 2 yards out for the final score of the game.
With the win, the Titans began the year at 1--0.
### Week 2: vs. Indianapolis Colts {#week_2_vs._indianapolis_colts}
The Titans and Colts met at LP Field on September 16. After a slow start from both offenses, the Colts struck first with an 8-yard run by Joseph Addai, but Colts kicker Adam Vinatieri missed the point after. With 1:03 left in the first quarter, the Titans scored with a 30-yard field goal by Rob Bironas. In the second quarter, the Colts scored another touchdown via a 22-yard touchdown pass from Peyton Manning to Dallas Clark. Both sides kicked another field goal in the quarter, and the Colts led 16--6 at the break. After the break, Adam Vinatieri made another field goal to extend the Colts\' lead. Titans running back LenDale White scored a rushing touchdown, while Vinatieri\'s field goal attempt was tipped but bounced over the crossbar to end the third quarter. Vinatieri missed a 36-yard attempt early in the fourth quarter and Vince Young threw a 1-yard touchdown pass to Roydell Williams to end the game\'s scoring.
With the Titans\' 22--20 loss, the team fell to 1--1 on the season.
### Week 3: at New Orleans Saints {#week_3_at_new_orleans_saints}
Following their home loss from the Colts, the Titans flew to the Louisiana Superdome for a Monday Night fight with the New Orleans Saints. In the first quarter, Tennessee got the first punch with kicker Rob Bironas getting a 33-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Titans increased its lead with QB Vince Young completing a 35-yard TD pass to WR Brandon Jones. The Saints responded with RB Reggie Bush getting a 1-yard TD run.
In the third quarter, New Orleans took the lead with another 1-yard TD run by Bush. Tennessee regained the lead with RB LenDale White getting a 1-yard TD run. In the fourth quarter, the Titans closed out the game with Young completing a 3-yard TD pass to TE Bo Scaife, while DB Vincent Fuller returned an interception 61 yards for a touchdown. Pulling off the 3 other Saints interceptions was LB Keith Bulluck.
With the win, Tennessee entered its bye week at 2--1.
### Week 5: vs. Atlanta Falcons {#week_5_vs._atlanta_falcons}
Coming off their bye week, the Titans were at home for a Week 5 interconference duel with the Atlanta Falcons. In the first quarter, Tennessee fell behind early as RB LenDale White fumbled, allowing Falcons CB DeAngelo Hall to return the ball 56 yards for a touchdown. Later, the Titans ties the game with RB Chris Brown getting a 3-yard TD run. In the second quarter, Atlanta went back into the lead with kicker Morten Andersen getting a 32-yard field goal. Tennessee ended the half with kicker Rob Bironas getting a 30-yard field goal.
In the third quarter, the Falcons regained the lead with Andersen kicking a 28-yard field goal. The Titans took the lead with kicker Rob Bironas nailing a 40-yard field goal, while DB Vincent Fuller intercepted Atlanta QB Joey Harrington and returned it 76 yards for a touchdown. In the fourth quarter, it was a defensive struggle. Even when the Falcons benched Harrington and put QB Byron Leftwich in, Tennessee managed to hold on and win, despite having 5 turnovers on the day.
With the win, not only did the Titans improve to 3--1, but it was also their 5th straight win over Atlanta. It also improved head coach Jeff Fisher\'s head coaching record against the NFC South to 13--1.
### Week 6: at Tampa Bay Buccaneers {#week_6_at_tampa_bay_buccaneers}
Coming off a home win over the Falcons, the Titans flew to Raymond James Stadium for a Week 6 interconference duel with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. After a scoreless first quarter, Tennessee trailed as Buccaneers kicker Matt Bryant got a 23-yard field goal for the only score of the half. In the third quarter, the Titans responded with kicker Rob Bironas getting a 48-yard field goal. However, Tampa Bay answered with QB Jeff Garcia completing a 69-yard TD pass to WR Joey Galloway. In the fourth quarter, Tennessee tied the Buccaneers again with RB LenDale White getting a 2-yard TD run. Tampa Bay won the game as Bryant nailed a 43-yard field goal.
With the loss, not only did the Titans fall to 3--2, but QB Vince Young (11/14 for 120 yards and 1 interception) left the game in the third quarter with an injured right quadriceps.
Scoring summary
-----------------
Q
2
3
3
4
4
| 872 |
2007 Tennessee Titans season
| 1 |
10,153,011 |
# 2007 Tennessee Titans season
## Regular season {#regular_season_1}
### Week 7: at Houston Texans {#week_7_at_houston_texans}
Hoping to rebound from their road loss to the Buccaneers, the Titans flew to Reliant Stadium for a Week 7 AFC South showdown with the Houston Texans. With Vince Young recovering from a quad injury, back-up QB Kerry Collins was given the start. In the first quarter, Tennessee drew first blood with kicker Rob Bironas getting a 52-yard field goal. The Texans responded with LB DeMeco Ryans returning a fumble 26 yards for a touchdown. Afterwards, the Titans answered with Bironas kicking a 25-yard field goal. In the second quarter, Tennessee began to pound away as Bironas got a 21-yard field goal, while RB LenDale White got a 1-yard TD run. Afterwards, Bironas ended the half with 30-yard and 28-yard field goals.
In the third quarter, the Titans continued its domination with Bironas kicking a 43-yard field goal, while rookie RB Chris Henry got a 4-yard TD run. However, in the fourth quarter, Houston began to rally as QB Sage Rosenfels completed a 7-yard TD pass to WR David Anderson and a 6-yard TD pass to WR Kevin Walter. Afterwards, Tennessee managed to reply. With Bironas\' 29-yard field goal, he became the 5th kicker in NFL history to get 7 field goals in one game. However, the Texans managed to retake the lead with Rosenfels completing a 7-yard TD pass to TE Jeb Putzier and a 53-yard TD pass to WR André Davis. The Titans managed to get a historic last-second field goal. With his 29-yard field goal, not only did it seal the win for Tennessee, but it made Rob Bironas the first kicker in NFL history to make 8 field goals in one game.
With the win, the Titans improved to 4--2.
### Week 8: vs. Oakland Raiders {#week_8_vs._oakland_raiders}
Coming off their divisional road win over the Texans, the Titans returned home for a Week 8 intraconference duel with the Oakland Raiders. In the first quarter, Tennessee trailed early as Raiders kicker Sebastian Janikowski got a 50-yard field goal. The Titans tied the game with kicker Rob Bironas getting a 35-yard field goal. In the second quarter, Oakland retook the lead with Janikowski getting a 43-yard and a 54-yard field goal.
In the third quarter, Tennessee drew close with rookie RB Chris Henry getting a 24-yard TD run for the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, the Titans took the lead for good as Bironas nailed a 23-yard field goal. Afterwards, Tennessee\'s defense held off the Raiders long enough for a touchdown.
With the win, the Titans improved to 5--2.
### Week 9: vs. Carolina Panthers {#week_9_vs._carolina_panthers}
Coming off their home win over the Raiders, the Titans stayed at home for a Week 9 interconference duel against the Carolina Panthers. In the first quarter, Tennessee drew first blood`{{Clarify|date=October 2011}}`{=mediawiki} as QB Vince Young got a 3-yard TD run, along with kicker Rob Bironas getting a 47-yard field goal. In the second quarter, the Titans increased their lead with Bironas kicking a 53-yard field goal for the only score of the period.
After a scoreless third quarter, Tennessee managed to put the game out of reach with RB LenDale White getting a 1-yard TD run. The Panthers avoided getting shut out as QB David Carr completed an 18-yard TD pass to WR Drew Carter.
With the win, not only did the Titans improve to 6--2, but Head Coach Jeff Fisher improved his record over the NFC South to 14--2.
Tennessee\'s defense had a good game as they sacked Carr 7 times and limited Carolina\'s offense to just 191 total yards.
### Week 10: vs. Jacksonville Jaguars {#week_10_vs._jacksonville_jaguars}
Coming off their home win over the Panthers, the Titans stayed at home for an AFC South rematch with the Jacksonville Jaguars. In the first quarter, Tennessee trailed early as Jaguars QB Quinn Gray completed a 2-yard TD pass to FB Greg Jones for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Titans continued to fall behind as RB Maurice Jones-Drew got an 8-yard TD run. Tennessee ended the half with kicker Rob Bironas getting a 37-yard field goal.
In the third quarter, Jacksonville increased its lead with RB Fred Taylor getting a 4-yard TD run. The Titans managed to get a 49-yard field goal from Bironas. In the fourth quarter, Tennessee drew close with QB Vince Young completing a 20-yard TD pass to WR Justin Gage. The Jaguars sealed the win with Gray completing a 3-yard TD pass to Jones.
With the loss, the Titans fell to 6--3.
Not only was Tennessee\'s rushing attack held to a season-low 62 yards, but their top-ranked rushing defense allowed its first 100-yard rusher of the year in Maurice Jones-Drew (19 attempts for 101 yards and 1 touchdown). This is largely in part due to DT Albert Haynesworth and DE Travis LaBoy being inactive due to injuries.
### Week 11: at Denver Broncos {#week_11_at_denver_broncos}
Hoping to rebound from their divisional home loss to the Jaguars, the Titans flew to INVESCO Field at Mile High for a Week 11 Monday Night intraconference duel with the Denver Broncos. In the first quarter, Tennessee trailed early as Broncos QB Jay Cutler completed a 48-yard TD pass to WR Brandon Stokley, along with WR/PR Glenn Martinez returning a punt 80 yards for a touchdown. In the second quarter, the Titans got on the board with QB Vince Young completing a 21-yard TD pass to WR Brandon Jones. Denver responded with kicker Jason Elam getting a 21-yard and a 39-yard field goal. Tennessee ended the half with kicker Rob Bironas getting a 56-yard field goal.
In the third quarter, the Titans continue to trail as Cutler completed a 41-yard TD pass to WR Brandon Marshall. Tennessee replied with Young getting a 4-yard TD run. In the fourth quarter, the Titans tried to get a comeback as Bironas nailed a 37-yard field goal. The Broncos sealed the win with RB Andre Hall getting a 62-yard TD run.
With the loss, the Titans fell to 6--4.
| 1,016 |
2007 Tennessee Titans season
| 2 |
10,153,011 |
# 2007 Tennessee Titans season
## Regular season {#regular_season_1}
### Week 12: at Cincinnati Bengals {#week_12_at_cincinnati_bengals}
Trying to snap a two-game losing skid, the Titans flew to Paul Brown Stadium for a Week 12 duel with the Cincinnati Bengals. In the first quarter, Tennessee trailed early as Bengals RB Rudi Johnson got a 5-yard TD run for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Titans got on the board with kicker Rob Bironas getting a 28-yard field goal. However, Cincinnati answered with QB Carson Palmer completing a 10-yard TD pass to WR Chad Johnson. Tennessee ended the half with Bironas getting a 23-yard field goal.
In the second half, the Bengals sealed the win Carson and Chad hooking up with each other on a 2-yard TD pass in the third quarter and a 3-yard TD pass in the fourth quarter.
With their third-straight loss, the Titans fell to 6--5.
### Week 13: vs. Houston Texans {#week_13_vs._houston_texans}
Trying to snap a three-game losing skid, the Titans went home for a Week 13 AFC South rematch with the Houston Texans. In the first quarter, Tennessee trailed early as Texans RB Ron Dayne got a 1-yard TD run. Afterwards, the Titans responded with RB LenDale White getting a 1-yard TD run. In the second quarter, Houston regained the lead with kicker Kris Brown getting a 45-yard field goal for the only score of the period.
In the third quarter, Tennessee took the lead as QB Vince Young completed a 43-yard TD pass to WR Roydell Williams, along with an 11-yard TD pass to WR Justin Gage. In the fourth quarter, the Texans crept closer with QB Sage Rosenfels completing a 28-yard TD pass to WR Andre Johnson. Afterwards, the Titans replied with RB Chris Brown getting a 7-yard TD run. Later, Houston managed to get a 50-yard field goal from Brown. Afterwards, Tennessee\'s defense help secure the guarantee of their three-game skid coming to an end.
With the season-sweeping win, the Titans improved to 7--5. This would prove the last season until 2020 in which the Titans swept the Texans.
### Week 14: vs. San Diego Chargers {#week_14_vs._san_diego_chargers}
Coming off their divisional home win over the Texans, the Titans stayed at home for a Week 14 intraconference duel with the San Diego Chargers. In the first quarter, the Titans went on the attack first as kicker Rob Bironas managed to get a 44-yard field goal for the only score of the half.
In the third quarter, the Chargers tied the game with kicker Nate Kaeding getting a 20-yard field goal. Afterwards, Tennessee regained the lead with rookie RB Chris Brown getting a 7-yard TD run. In the fourth quarter, the Titans increased its lead with RB LenDale White getting a 7-yard TD run. However, San Diego tied the game with QB Philip Rivers completing a 7-yard TD pass to RB LaDainian Tomlinson and a 2-yard TD pass to TE Antonio Gates. In overtime, the Chargers sealed the win with Tomlinson getting a 16-yard TD run.
With the loss, Tennessee fell to 7--6.
The Titans have lost 4 out their last 5 games since starting the year at 6--2.
### Week 15: at Kansas City Chiefs {#week_15_at_kansas_city_chiefs}
Hoping to rebound from their home loss to the Chargers, the Titans flew to Arrowhead Stadium for a Week 15 intraconference duel with the Kansas City Chiefs. In the first quarter, Tennessee drew first blood as QB Vince Young completed a 16-yard TD pass to WR Roydell Williams for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Chiefs tied the game with QB Brodie Croyle completing a 10-yard TD pass to WR Samie Parker. Afterwards, the Titans responded with kicker Rob Bironas managing to get a 37-yard field goal. Kansas City took the lead prior to halftime with Croyle completing a 9-yard TD pass to FB Kris Wilson.
In the third quarter, Tennessee drew close as Bironas kicked a 37-yard field goal. The Chiefs answered with kicker John Carney getting a 36-yard field goal. Afterwards, the Titans retook the lead with Young and Williams hooking up with each other again on a 41-yard TD pass. In the fourth quarter, Tennessee clinched the victory with Bironas nailing a 40-yard and a 25-yard field goal.
With the win, the Titans kept their playoff hopes alive at 8--6.
### Week 16: vs. New York Jets {#week_16_vs._new_york_jets}
Coming off their road win over the Chiefs, the Titans went home for a Week 16 duel with the New York Jets. After a scoreless first quarter, Tennessee got on the board first in the second quarter with RB Chris Brown getting a 4-yard TD run. The Jets responded with QB Chad Pennington completing a 9-yard TD pass to WR Jerricho Cotchery (with a failed PAT). In the third quarter, the Titans took the lead with kicker Rob Bironas nailing a 46-yard field goal. For the rest of the game, Tennessee\'s defense kept New York from being any kind of threat.
With the win (and a Cleveland loss), the Titans continued to keep their playoff hopes alive at 9--6.
RB LenDale White (23 attempts for 104 yards) got his first career 1,000-yard season.
| 866 |
2007 Tennessee Titans season
| 3 |
10,153,011 |
# 2007 Tennessee Titans season
## Regular season {#regular_season_1}
### Week 17: at Indianapolis Colts {#week_17_at_indianapolis_colts}
Coming off their home win over the Jets, the Titans (needing a win to make the playoffs) flew to the RCA Dome for a Week 17 Sunday night AFC South rematch with the playoff-bound Indianapolis Colts. In the first quarter, Tennessee got the first punch as RB Chris Brown capped off the team\'s game-opening drive with an 8-yard TD run for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Colts got on the board with kicker Adam Vinatieri getting a 37-yard field goal for the only score of the period.
In the third quarter, Indianapolis took the lead with QB Jim Sorgi completing a 3-yard TD pass to WR Craphonso Thorpe. Afterwards, the Titans tied the game with kicker Rob Bironas getting a 40-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, Tennessee sealed the deal with Bironas nailing a 54-yard and a 33-yard field goal.
With the win, not only did the Titans end the regular season at 10--6, but it also gave them the AFC\'s #6 seed.
## Playoffs
### Schedule {#schedule_1}
Round Date Opponent (seed) Result Record Venue Recap
----------- ------ --------------------------- ------------- -------- ------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wild Card at San Diego Chargers (3) **L** 17--6 0--1 Qualcomm Stadium [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29519/SD_Gamebook.pdf)
### AFC Wild Card Playoff (Sunday January 6, 2008): at San Diego Chargers {#afc_wild_card_playoff_sunday_january_6_2008_at_san_diego_chargers}
#### Game summary {#game_summary}
Entering the playoffs as the AFC\'s #6 seed, the Titans began their Super Bowl run at Qualcomm Stadium against the third-seeded San Diego Chargers in a rematch of Week 14, which saw Tennessee lead early, yet lose in overtime.
In the first half, the Titans got the early lead as kicker Rob Bironas kicked a 30-yard field goal in the first quarter and a 44-yard field goal in the second quarter. In the third quarter, the Chargers took the lead with kicker Nate Kaeding nailing a 20-yard field goal, along with QB Philip Rivers completing a 25-yard TD pass to WR Vincent Jackson. In the fourth quarter, San Diego sealed the win with RB LaDainian Tomlinson getting a 1-yard TD run.
With the loss, Tennessee ended its season with an overall record of 10--7.
QB Vince Young entered this game as the youngest quarterback to ever start a playoff game in franchise history (24 years and 233 days) until Marcus Mariota played in a 2017 Wild Card (24 years and 68 days)
| 409 |
2007 Tennessee Titans season
| 4 |
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