id
int64 39
11.1M
| section
stringlengths 3
4.51M
| length
int64 2
49.9k
| title
stringlengths 1
182
| chunk_id
int64 0
68
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
10,153,043 |
# Greater Columbus Convention Center
The **Greater Columbus Convention Center** (**GCCC**) is the primary convention center of downtown Columbus, Ohio, United States, along the east side of North High Street.
The convention center was predominantly designed by Peter Eisenman, constructed in 1993, and expanded in 1999 and again in 2016. Venue management company ASM Global oversees day-to-day operations of the 1.8 e6sqft facility, including 447000 sqft of exhibit space, three ballrooms, and 75 meeting rooms.
## History
### Ohio Center {#ohio_center}
The convention center was conceived in 1969 as a way for the City of Columbus to generate economic revenue by hosting events and revitalize the downtown area after a period of decline. Voters approved a \$6 million bond in 1971 to purchase 27.5 acre which was the site of the first Union Station in the world. Construction was later delayed as the city secured the land, demolished the arcade of Union Station, and changed the building\'s plans. The station\'s demolition faced criticism from agencies and the public, with little to no news of the demolition publicized until it occurred, and the demolition followed improper procedures. Funding construction remained an issue and Battelle Memorial Institute stepped in with a large donation and appointed Batelle official Clyde Tipton Jr. to lead the project.
The groundbreaking ceremony was held on February 3, 1978. The Ohio Center (now Batelle Hall) opened in September 1980 with 700,000 square feet spread over five stories with 60,000 square feet of open exhibit space and 30,000 square feet of balcony area. The building was designed by Godwin Böhm NBBJ. Almost immediately, issues were found in the use and amount of space and city officials began plans for a second convention center. Committees to study the use of the building and propose recommendations were formed in 1985 and 1987 but voters rejected both proposals.
### Eisenman addition, 1989 {#eisenman_addition_1989}
In 1989, a final survey and proposal were completed that voters approved. The plan called for a hotel-motel tax to fund the \$80 million building that included a 300,000-square-foot exhibit hall.
Architects of the building, Peter Eisenman and Richard Trott, were selected through an international design competition. Other entries in the competition included Acock Schlegel Architects, Michael Graves, John E. Foster and Associates and Holt Hinshaw Pfau Jones, and Homer Tritt Associates and Arup. Eisenman\'s design was seen as exciting to the jury and reminiscent of the railroad tracks the building was to be built on. Its avant-garde design of the building was also intended as a lure for conventions and trade shows and anchor the revitializing Short North neighborhood.
When the 580,000-square-foot building opened in March 1993, it cost \$94 million. On Saturday, March 13, 1993, the building was dedicated and opened to the public. Its opening coincided with its first show, the Columbus International Auto Show. In 1996, the Franklin County Convention Facilities Authority took ownership of the Ohio Center to streamline operations and planning between the center and GCCC.
### Expansions and renovations {#expansions_and_renovations}
In 1999, a \$77 million expansion began. The 250,000 square feet expansion to the building was completed in 2001 at the cost of \$85 million. More parking was created along with a renovations of amenities and the south building.
Early January 9, 2008, a 1930s-era water main broke and flooded the entire length of the Main Hall. Officials from the Columbus Division of Fire were concerned that part of the building, including the main hall, might collapse due to structural failure. It was soon determined, however, that the building was not in any danger. The SMG-managed Greater Columbus Convention Center reopened for business as usual the morning after successfully restoring the north facility to regular conditions in the aftermath of a 16-inch water-main rupture at Swan and High Streets. Water from the break traveled under the building and surfaced within the facility. Once structural engineers inspected the facility and deemed it structurally sound, water removal and restoration efforts began, which involved 150 people, 600 carpet blowers and 75 water extractors. Damage within the facility was aesthetic in nature, requiring primarily the replacement of carpeting and drywall in some areas. The restoration company received a national award for the work performed, which included challenging indoor concrete pours at the site where crews needed to remove the concrete and dig underground to locate the actual point where the water line broke.
In 2014, plans to renovate the building for a cost of \$125 million began to take shape. Renovations included the interior of the building, expansion, and total redesign of the north end of the center. The renovations were completed in July 2017.
### Convention area lodging {#convention_area_lodging}
In 2008, Experience Columbus, the convention and visitors bureau, began to recognize that the city was at a competitive disadvantage due to the lack of hotel rooms which put the city at danger of losing new and old business at GCCC. In 2010, ground was broken for the publicly financed, 532-room Hilton Columbus Downtown to help meet the growing demand for events at the convention center. It opened in 2012 and underwent a \$125 million renovation in 2015.
In 2016, Columbus bid on hosting Democratic and Republican National Conventions, losing both. In 2017, Experience Columbus commissioned a \"Hotel and Development Study\" and found the city has fewer hotel rooms within a 10-minute walk of the convention center than other locations. The survey recommended the expansion of the Hyatt Regency or the Hilton Columbus Downtown to meet the need of a 1,000-room hotel for convention-center area lodging, estimating \$22.5 million a year in direct spending. In 2018, the city announced the expansion of the Hilton Columbus Downtown which would add 468 rooms for a total of 1,000 rooms.
| 951 |
Greater Columbus Convention Center
| 0 |
10,153,043 |
# Greater Columbus Convention Center
## Conferences and events {#conferences_and_events}
- EcoSummit: Held for the first time in the United States, the 4th International Eco-summit, with the theme of Ecological Sustainability: Restoring the Planet\'s Ecosystem Services, attracted the world\'s most prominent ecologists from 75 countries in 2012.
- John Deere: Ag & Turf New Product Intro: Attracting four waves of 1,200 of company representatives each, participants watch 28 different company machines be driven across the stage. They then visit the exhibit hall floor to confer with subject matter experts before traveling to the Molly Caren Agriculture Center in nearby London to take Cropmaster and other specialty harvesting equipment for a test drive.
- NHL All-Star Weekend: The National Hockey League\'s 2015 Fan Fair was filled with team mascots, dozens of interactive activities, Stanley Cup photo opportunities and multiple player autograph sessions with NHL heroes. The Fantasy Draft highlighted the player selections for Team Foligno and Team Toews. Affiliated hospitality functions preceded the NHL Skills Competition and NHL All-Star Game at Nationwide Arena---home of the Columbus Blue Jackets---across the street.
- The 75th General Convention of The Episcopal Church: Attracting 10,000 international attendees and featuring the election of the presiding bishop, the review of 250 resolutions by the House of Deputies and 200 bishops attending House of Bishops proceedings, this event occurs every three years.
- World Summit on Trade Efficiency: The event, sponsored by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the City of Columbus and private-sector businesses, focused on the utilization of information technology to expand international trade.
### Annual expositions {#annual_expositions}
- Arnold Sports Festival: founded by namesake Arnold Schwarzenegger and Jim Lorimer, the event held annually during the first weekend in March features more athletes than the Olympics, competitors representing more than 80 countries, the nation\'s largest health & fitness expo with 900 booths and more than 200,000 attendees.
- Columbus International Auto Show: Hundreds of vehicles from dozens of manufacturers fill four contiguous exhibit halls with cars ranging from Fords to Ferraris and the \"Ugliest Car in Columbus\" to the concept cars of tomorrow.
- Cultivate -- An American Hort Experience: Considered the largest horticulture show in North America, Cultivate offers more than 7 acres of trade show exhibits including technology and new products, services and plant varieties. Thousands of industry professionals from more than 20 countries attend this growing event that is moving up the ranks of the nation\'s Top 200 trade shows.
- Ohayocon: a three-day anime convention held during January/February in Columbus, Ohio at the Hyatt Regency Columbus and Columbus Convention Center. Ohayocon\'s name is from the similarity between \"Ohio\", the convention\'s location, and **Ohayou** (おはよう), which in the Japanese language means \"Good morning\".
- Ohio Star Ball: Growing from a one-day event to the largest professional/amateur ballroom dancing competition in the world, Ohio Star Ball\'s glitter and grace includes almost 13,000 entries and filming for *America\'s Ballroom Challenge* to be broadcast nationally.
- Origins Game Fair: Produced by the Columbus-based Game Manufacturers Association, the premier trade association for the hobby games industry, Origins provides more than 17,000 attendees with the chance to learn about new releases from game creators and manufacturers and buy and play games, including live-auction role-playing games and popular collectible card games.
- Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Birthday Breakfast Celebration: This annual gathering is the largest served breakfast in the nation honoring the life and legacy of the late civil rights leader.
- HOSA (Health Occupations Students of America): events focus on preparing Future Health Professionals. The Competitive Events Program is designed to motivate HOSA members and provide a system for recognizing the competencies developed by members through Health Science and Biomedical Science class instruction, related job training, and HOSA related activities.
| 624 |
Greater Columbus Convention Center
| 1 |
10,153,043 |
# Greater Columbus Convention Center
## Exhibition halls {#exhibition_halls}
Hall name Dimensions Area sq. ft. Ceiling height Floor load Theater Banquet Classroom 10x10 booths
-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------ --------- --------- ----------- --------------
Battelle Grand 281x177 49,522 33\' 150 psf/8,000 single vehicle 4434 2290 2469 219
Battelle Grand Mezzanine 22,550 22\' 980 105
Battelle Grand North 160x177 27,922 33\' 150 psf/8,000 single vehicle 2480 1440 1131 105
Battelle Grand North Mezzanine 22\' 730 73
Battelle Grand South 124x177 21,600 33\' 150 psf/8,000 single vehicle 1442 950 684 81
Battelle Grand South Mezzanine 22\' 250 32
Battelle A 73\'6x86 6,321 33\' 150 psf/8,000 single vehicle 588 300 210 \-
Battelle B 73\'6x86 6,321 33\' 150 psf/8,000 single vehicle 588 300 210 \-
Battelle C 74x176.75\" 15,200 33\'
Exhibit Hall A 270x360 98,000 30\' Unlimited 6,200 530
Exhibit Hall B 330x360 118,000 30\' Unlimited 7,200 630
Exhibit Hall C 235x298 with corridor and 208x298 without corridor 72,000 with corridor and 63,950 without corridor 30\' Unlimited 4140 360
Exhibit Hall D 208x207 with corridor wall closed 87,000 without the corridor wall closed 30\' Unlimited 4,860 202
## Design
Architects of the building, Peter Eisenman and Richard Trott, were selected through an international design competition. Dan Graveline, an expert on convention centers, consulted on the project by creating the GCCC functional diagram to which the design was created.
The building was Eisenman\'s first civic commission and his second commission in Columbus (the first being the Wexner Center for the Arts). The large exhibition space is the feature of the building with meeting rooms coming off its side. The simple plan, color-coding sections of the building and carpeting aided by wayfinding help guest to easily navigate the building. The facade of the building along a three-block stretch of High Street alternates masonry and glass cladding and is broken up in 11 segments. The interior concourse has a zigzagging path that breaks up its length and creates the illusion of height through skylights, overhead footbridges and suspended ceilings.Executive Director of the Franklin County Convention Facilities Authority, Claire S. Hazucha, felt that the building\'s nontraditional design would be a selling point.
Owned and developed by the Franklin County Convention Facilities Authority, the GCCC embarked on a full-scale exterior and interior renovation in 2015 that was completed in 2017. As part of the expansion nearly 37,000 square feet of exhibit space and 10,000 square feet of two-level meeting space was added.
The venue currently has 447,000 square feet of exhibit space, 75 meeting rooms and 114,000 square feet of ballroom space, including 74,000-square-foot Battelle Grand, known as the largest multipurpose ballroom in Ohio. The Union Station Ballroom measures 25,000 square feet, while the Short North Ballroom offers 15,000 square feet of space. The four contiguous exhibit halls encompass 373,000 square feet
| 463 |
Greater Columbus Convention Center
| 2 |
10,153,046 |
# Anaxibia
**Anaxibia** (`{{IPAc-en|æ|n|ə|k|ˈ|s|ɪ|b|i|ə}}`{=mediawiki}; Ancient Greek: *Ἀναξίβια*) is the name of six characters in Greek mythology.
- Anaxibia, one of the Danaïdes, married to Archelaus, son of Aegyptus.
- Anaxibia, a naiad of the Ganges river. She fled from the advances of Helios, but she disappeared in Artemis\'s sanctuary on Mount Koryphe.
- Anaxibia, mother of Maeander by Cercaphus.
- Anaxibia, daughter of Bias and Iphianassa, and niece of Melampus. She married Pelias, King of Iolcus, to whom she bore Acastus, Pisidice, Pelopia, Hippothoe, Alcestis, and Medusa. She was sometimes called Alphesiboea or Phylomache, daughter of Amphion.
- Anaxibia, daughter of Cratieus. She married Nestor and is the mother of Pisidice, Polycaste, Perseus (son of Nestor), Stratichus, Aretus, Echephron, Peisistratus, Antilochus, and Thrasymedes. More commonly, Eurydice of Pylos is considered to be Nestor\'s wife and the mother of these children.
- Anaxibia, daughter of Atreus and Aerope or, alternatively, of Pleisthenes and Aerope or Pleisthenes and Cleolla (daughter of Dias), and sister of Agamemnon and Menelaus. She married Strophius, king of Phocis, becoming mother of Pylades. Anaxibia was also known as Astyoche or Cydragora
| 184 |
Anaxibia
| 0 |
10,153,058 |
# Contrabassophone
The **contrabassophone** is a woodwind instrument, invented about 1847 by German bassoon maker Heinrich Joseph Haseneier. It was intended as a substitute for the contrabassoon, which at that time was an unsatisfactory instrument, with a muffled sound due to tone holes that were too small and too close together. Haseneier\'s design made use of some of the same principles that went into the Boehm system flute, in which keywork was developed based on tone holes with acoustically optimum sizes and positions. Another change in the Haseneier design of the contrabassophone was increasing the size of the bore to be substantially larger (by about a third) than that of the contrabassoon. This resulted in an instrument with a powerful tone. Haseneier applied for a patent for his design but was rejected. The contrabassophone was regarded as too loud for orchestral use, though it was suitable for outdoor use in military bands. Dr W.H. Stone brought a Haseneier instrument to England playing it in performances of the Handel Festival of 1871. Alfred Morton, the best English bassoon maker of the time made 3 or 4 copies of this instrument some of which included improvements in the keywork. In 1881, Morton\'s eldest son played one of these instrument with the Halle Orchestra. He also played it at the Crystal Palace, at Richter\'s concerts and at the opera. Morton made one of a higher pitch (in F) for Sir Arthur Sullivan for use in the Savoy Theatre. Following Sullivan\'s death, this instrument disappeared. Many other European makers produced copies of the contrabassophone, including a lightweight version made of papier-mâché.
Adolphe Fontaine-Besson patented a similar instrument in 1890 but allowed the patent to lapse in 1898. By this time the contrabassophone had been largely superseded by improved versions of the contrabassoon for orchestral use, and by the tuba in wind bands.
An instrument like those that Morton made has a range of three octaves and one tone from a low C to a high D. The fingerings are like a recorder to some degree, with a number of chromatic notes played with forked fingerings, making it quite difficult to play in keys with three or more accidentals. This could have been one of the reasons that the instrument was not played in English orchestras by the late part of the nineteenth century, instead being played in military bands such as the Coldstream, the Grenadier and the Scots Guards
| 405 |
Contrabassophone
| 0 |
10,153,062 |
# Central Presbyterian Church (Austin, Texas)
Located on the northeast corner of *Brazos and Eighth Street*, **Central Presbyterian Church** in Austin, Texas. Central Presbyterian Church is a member of Mission Presbytery, in the Synod of the Sun region of the Presbyterian Church (USA).
It maintains a program of ministry, outreach, and cultural events. It has presented free concerts weekly since 1980, and since 2006 the church has been a venue for the SXSW Music Festival.
## History
The congregation traces its roots to October 13, 1839, when Austin\'s first Presbyterian worship service was held at Bullock\'s hotel. The City of Austin was chartered two and a half months later, December 27, 1839. Present at that service was builder Abner Cook, elder in the first Presbyterian church organized in Austin. He helped acquire the property at the northeast corner of Brazos and Bois d\'Arc (now Eighth Street) for the Presbyterian Church (South) following a post-Civil War split in the church. A sanctuary was completed on the site in 1874; the current sanctuary was built in 1957. It was recognized by the Texas Historical Commission in 1989 as an historical site.
The congregation was known in later years as Southern Presbyterian Church, the Free Presbyterian Church, First Southern Presbyterian Church, and (currently) Central Presbyterian Church. It has counted among its members many individuals important in the life of the denomination and the city of Austin, including Gov. Francis R. Lubbock; William Sidney Porter (O. Henry); A. N. and Jane Y. McCallum; Dr. George Clark and Rebecca Kilgore Stuart Red; and U. S. Attorney General Thomas Watt Gregory. The Rev. Richmond Kelley Smoot, pastor from 1876 to 1905, played an important role in the national denomination and in the development of the Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary. The congregation has been instrumental in organizing five Presbyterian churches in Austin.
First identified as Presbyterian Church (South), the congregation has been known subsequently as Austin Presbyterian Church, Southern Presbyterian Church, Free Presbyterian Church (i.e. its pews were not for sale to families) and First Southern Presbyterian Church. In 1983, with national reunification of the Northern and Southern branches of the denomination into the Presbyterian Church (USA), the church changed its name to Central Presbyterian Church
| 369 |
Central Presbyterian Church (Austin, Texas)
| 0 |
10,153,094 |
# Maola
**Maola Local Dairies** is a dairy company located in Herndon, Virginia, United States. The company was purchased by Maryland & Virginia Milk Producers Cooperative Association, Inc., currently based in Herndon, Virginia, in 2003.
Maola branded products are now made at facilities in High Point, North Carolina; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Landover, Maryland; and Newport News, Virginia.
## History
Maola was founded in Washington, North Carolina and made milk and ice cream dairy products since 1935. Before being sold to Maryland & Virginia Milk Producers Cooperative Association, Inc., the company produced 100,000 gallons of milk per day and sold 1.5 million gallons of ice cream annually.
During its operation from New Bern, products were distributed throughout North Carolina as well as parts of South Carolina and Virginia including milk, ice cream, juices, custard and novelties.
The processing plant in New Bern closed in 2014 after 79 years of production
| 148 |
Maola
| 0 |
10,153,209 |
# Matt Lindenmuth
**Matt Lindenmuth** (born March 1, 1981) is an American formerly top-ranked professional vert skater, as well as a professional snowboarder. He is most known for being the first action sports athlete in the world to do a double backflip on a vert ramp, often referred to as a \"Double Lindy\". At the 2002 Summer X-Games Lindenmuth attempted but failed to pull off the first ever triple backflip on a vert ramp.
Lindenmuth was born in Kutztown, Pennsylvania, He began inline skating with his family when he was 9 years old. At age 14, he joined the pro tour, and has been traveling and competing around the world since 1994. Lindenmuth has competed in ESPN\'s X Games, NBC\'s Gravity Games, AST Dew Tour, ASA Pro Tour, LG Word Tour and many other notable international events and competitions. He is the first inline athlete in the world to land a \"Double Lindy\" (a double back flip on the vert ramp) and the first action sport athlete to attempt triple back flips on the vert ramp.
In 2004 Lindenmuth also began competing in professional snowboard events including Vans Triple Crown, Vans Cup, Burton Global Open Series, World Superpipe Championships, and US Grand Prix, making him one of the few athletes to compete in multiple sports in both summer and winter X Games, Dew Tour and Gravity Games.
Since competing in the action sports world, Lindenmuth has taken his knowledge and work ethics in a different direction, brewing beer. He went on to establish and run Saucony Creek Brewing Company, an award-winning craft brewery and gastropub located in Kutztown, PA; and The Larimer Brewing in Chester, PA named after General William Larimer Jr
| 282 |
Matt Lindenmuth
| 0 |
10,153,216 |
# Agents of Law
***Agents of Law*** was a series published by Dark Horse Comics in 1995.
It followed the story of Law, a powerful individual of dubious motives who took over Golden City after the events of *Will to Power*, which was the big event of the in-house Dark Horse line of superhero comics during the summer of 1994. It was a continuation of *Catalyst: Agents of Change*.
Despite massive hype by the publishing company prior to its release the series ultimately failed to survive the withering market of the time and the choice by Dark Horse to scale back their line of superhero comics, which had only recently been renamed.
Law was the first super villain to ever be killed by a Predator. See the last page of issue #6.
## Publication
- 1--5: Keith Giffen & Lovern Kindzierski, writers. Dan Lawlis, pencils. Ian Akin, inks.
- 6: Lovern Kindzeirski, writer. Matt Clark, pencils. Chad Hunt & Jim Royal, inks.
Note: Issue 5 had a cover by Doug Wheatley & Paul Guinann. The cover to issue 6 was by Wheatly with Mark Farmer
| 185 |
Agents of Law
| 0 |
10,153,277 |
# The Peasant's Wise Daughter
\"**The Peasant\'s Wise Daughter**\", \"**The Peasant\'s Clever Daughter**\" or \"**The Clever Lass**\" is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in *Grimm\'s Fairy Tales* as tale number 94. It has also spread into Bohemia and Božena Němcová included it into her collection of Czech national folk tales in 1846.
It is Aarne-Thompson type 875 (\"The Clever Farmgirl\"). This type of tale is the commonest European tale dealing with witty exchanges.
## Origin
The Brothers Grimm published this tale in the second volume of the first edition of *Kinder- und Hausmärchen* in 1815. Their informant was Dorothea Viehmann.
## Synopsis
A peasant begged some land from the king. When he and his daughter dug the field, they found a mortar made of gold. The daughter warned that if they gave it to the king for his kindness, he would ask for the pestle as well; the father gave it nonetheless, and the king asked for the pestle and put him in prison until he got it. The peasant lamented his folly in not listening to his daughter. The king had him brought before him again, and asked what he meant. The peasant explained.
The king summoned the daughter and set her riddle: to come to him neither naked nor clothed, neither walking nor riding, neither on the road nor off it. If she guessed it, she had proved her cleverness and would marry him. She wrapped herself in fish net, and tied it to a donkey\'s tail so that it had to drag her along, and she kept only one toe touching the ground. The king agreed that she had guessed the riddle; he freed her father and married her.
Some years later, a mare gave birth to a foal that ran off and lay down under an ox. Both the peasant who owned the mare and the one who owned the ox claimed it; the king said it belonged where it was found. The peasant who owned the mare went to the queen for help. She told him to take a fishing net and pretend to fish on dry land where the king would see; when the king said it was impossible, he was to say it was no more impossible than oxen giving birth to foals. The peasant did so, and the king gave him the foal but got from him that the queen had given him the advice. He sent the queen back to her father, saying she could take only one thing, what she valued most, from the castle. The queen gave him a sleeping draught and took him back to her father\'s house. When he woke, she told him that he was what she valued most in the castle; he took her back with him to the castle and once again recognized her as his wife.
| 477 |
The Peasant's Wise Daughter
| 0 |
10,153,277 |
# The Peasant's Wise Daughter
## Motifs and variants {#motifs_and_variants}
### Antiquity and distribution {#antiquity_and_distribution}
Joseph Jacobs points out in *Europa\'s Fairy Book* that the tale has many parallels across both Europe and Asia*.*
Ulrich Marzolph and Richard van Leewen comment that the motif of the clever maiden who answers the prince\'s riddles is ancient enough to be present in the *Mahabharata* and in narratives of the *Jatakas*.
The story of a poor maiden\'s cleverness can be found in Norse mythology and Viking legend of Aslaug and Ragnar Lodbrok, specially the riddle of coming \"not dressed, yet not undressed\".
Folklorist Stith Thompson argued for a Central European source for the ATU 875 type.
### Continental variants {#continental_variants}
Scholars Johannes Bolte and Jiří Polívka listed several variants from across the globe in their seminal work on the Brothers Grimm fairy tale collection.
#### Italy
Variants have been registered in Italian scholarship, as noted by Jack Zipes; for instance, by Laura Gonzenbach. A version from Abruzzi (*The Clever Girl*) begins with an old lady blessing the newborn peasant girl with \"beauty and wit\", but otherwise remains a realistic tale.
A scholarly inquiry by Italian *Istituto centrale per i beni sonori ed audiovisivi* (\"Central Institute of Sound and Audiovisual Heritage\"), produced in the late 1960s and early 1970s, found thirty variants of the tale across Italian sources.
#### Spain
In a variant from Mallorca, *Das Märchen des Bockes* (*Sa Rondaya des Boch*), the king inquires the girl\'s parents about the maiden\'s cleverness.
#### Ireland
Irish folklorist Patrick Kennedy listed *The Poor Girl that became a Queen* as another variant.
#### Scotland
A Scottish variant titled *Diarmaid and Grainne* was collected by Joseph Campbell in *Popular Tales of the West Highlands*.
#### Eastern Europe {#eastern_europe}
Professor Andrejev noted that the tale type 875, \"The Clever Peasant Girl\", was one of \"the most populär\" of the *Novella or Realistic Tales* \"in the Ukrainian repertoire\", with 20 variants, in contrast to 11 variants from Russia (but still considered to be \"among the most widespread \[novella\] types\" in Russia).
A Serbian variant is attested (*The Maiden who was Wiser than the King*), but it differs from the usual plot: instead of the golden mortar and the dispute about the foal, the peasant girl and the king try to outsmart each other with counter-riddles.
A Russian variant (\"The Sage Damsel\") subverts the traditional ending: the wise and humble maiden helps a peasant simpleton with a good heart, and chooses him over the king.
In another Slavic variant, \"Clever Manka: The Story of a Girl Who Knew What to Say\", at the end of the tale, the burgomaster begins to consult with his clever wife for the problems that are brought to him.
French author Edouard Laboulaye translated a Croatian variant titled *A Female Solomon* in his book *Last Fairy Tales*.
Slovenian variants of the tale type attest the presence of the legendary King Matjaž (King Matthias), of Slovenian folklore.
#### Lithuania
Folklorist Jonas Balys (lt), in his 1936 publication on Lithuanian folktales, reported 41 variants of tale type *Gudri ūkininko duktė*. A later analysis by professor Bronislava Kerbelytė registered 165 variants, under the banner *The Clever Farmgirl*, with and without contamination from other tale types.
#### Scandinavia
A Swedish variant was collected by August Bondeson, from Södermanland, with the title *Den kloka torparedottern*.
#### Middle East {#middle_east}
Ulrich Marzolph and Richard van Leewven list *The Chick-pea Seller\'s Daughter*, from *The Arabian Nights*, as a variant of the story.
Inea Bushnaq\'s *Arab Folktales* includes a variant, \"The Clever Minister\'s Daughter\".
#### Americas
Professor Ernest Warren Baughman lists American variants in North Carolina and Kentucky. Variants have also been collected in Mississippi.
### Other versions {#other_versions}
The motif of a girl\'s cleverness used to rebuff the advances of an unwanted magical suitor happens in traditional English and Scottish Child Ballads nr. 1 (Riddles Wisely Expounded) and nr. 2 (The Elfin Knight).
There are variants in which it is a male that defies the king with his cleverness, such as a tale from Saint Martin, collected by anthropologist Elsie Clews Parsons
| 680 |
The Peasant's Wise Daughter
| 1 |
10,153,338 |
# Ilford HP
**HP** is a cubic-grain black-and-white film from Ilford Photo with a long history. It originated as Hypersensitive Panchromatic plates in 1931. Since then it has progressed through a number of versions, with **HP5 plus** (**HP5+** for short) being the latest. The main competitor of Ilford HP5 Plus is Kodak Tri-X 400.
On September 23, 2005, Ilford reintroduced its black-and-white single-use camera which includes 27 exposures of HP5 plus film
| 72 |
Ilford HP
| 0 |
10,153,343 |
# Love (S.E.S. album)
***Love*** (Korean: 러브; *Leobeu*) is the third Korean studio album by S.E.S., released in October 29, 1999, by SM Entertainment. It sold 760,475 copies and became the second best-selling Korean girl group album at the time, only behind The Pearl Sisters\' *My Dear* (1968). The lead single of the same name was promoted along with another single \"Twilight Zone\".
## Background and release {#background_and_release}
The album includes \"talk\" tracks recorded by the group members before and after each song. Two singles were released from the album: \"Love\" and \"Twilight Zone\". The latter single uses the metaphor of a \"twilight zone\" to represent a state of uncertainty, with its lyrics containing themes of the complexities of love and longing. The song achieved a first place music program award on SBS\'s *Inkigayo*.
In Japan, the title track \"Love\" was recorded in Japanese and released as a single on April 21, 2000. The single was promoted as \"Love \~Itsumademo Onje Kajima\~\" and featured the track \"Round and Round\" as a b-side. However, it was not commercially successful, peaking at only number 100 on the Oricon Singles Chart with sales of 2,030 copies. In November 2016, \"Love\" was remade as \"Love \[Story\]\" as part of S.E.S.\'s 20th anniversary album *Remember* (2017).
## Commercial performance {#commercial_performance}
*Love* was a commercial success in South Korea upon its release, peaking at number one of the MIAK monthly album chart in October 1999 with 550,030 copies sold. It sold 723,528 total copies in 1999 and was one of the year\'s best-selling releases. It continued to show strong sales the following year, having accumulated total sales of 760,475 copies by the end of 2000. It remained the second best-selling album by a girl group in South Korea for 21 years until Blackpink\'s *The Album* (2020).
## Accolades
Year Ceremony Category Result
------ -------------------------- ----------------------------- -------- --
1999 Golden Disc Awards Album Bonsang (Main Prize)
Album Daesang (Grand Prize)
KMTV Korean Music Awards Main Prize (Bonsang)
: Awards and nominations for *Love*
Program Date
------------ ------------------
*Inkigayo* January 23, 2000
: Music program awards for \"Twilight Zone\"
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Promotion and live performances {#promotion_and_live_performances}
### 2000 S.E.S. First Concert {#s.e.s._first_concert}
S.E.S. held their first live solo concert titled \"A Sweet Kiss From The World of Dream\" in support of the album. It took place on March 19, 2000, at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena in Seoul and included performances of both their Japanese and Korean songs. A live video CD of the concert was released by SM Entertainment in June 2000
| 427 |
Love (S.E.S. album)
| 0 |
10,153,359 |
# The Kingpins (Canadian band)
**The Kingpins** featuring **Lorraine Muller - The Queen of Ska** was a ska band from Montreal, Quebec that created Stomp Records label with fellow Montreal Ska band The Planet Smashers. The last Kingpins tour took place in 2004, after which the members of the band reformed under the name Lo and the Magnetics founded by Muller in order to reflect the drastic line-up changes (and musical changes) that had taken place since the band\'s inception in 1994. During their ten-year reign, the band toured extensively in Canada, the U.S., France, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, Italy, and Japan. They are known for their danceable ska rhythms, and their catchy song-writing abilities in both English and French.
## History
The group formed in 1994 by founding members of the Kingpins: Eric \'Boum Boum\' Boulanger on drums, Jordan Swift on bass, Ian \'Hot Tub\' Hodkinson on organ, and Lorraine Muller on alto saxophone (later given the nickname \"The Queen of Ska\" by Bobby Beaton, she went on to play tenor and baritone saxes, and eventually became the lead singer.)
The band\'s first big break came with the release of their first single, \"On the Run\", written by Hodkinson and Muller which garnered them the 1995 Montreal Independent Music Industry award in the category of Best Single. The single was released with two B-sides, \"Spy vs. Spy\" (a cover) and \"Leave My Girlfriend Alone\" (by Nigel Goddard, alto sax). The Montréal ska scene took notice and Kingpins shows attracted increasingly larger crowds. The wave of support was continued with the release of the band\'s first full-length album *Watch Your Back* in 1997, but it wasn\'t until 1999 that they broke out into the mainstream media with the release of their second album *Let\'s Go To Work*, a more traditional-based ska album. The success of the second album led to major exposure, such as performances on the Warped Tour, at the Montreal Jazz Festival and extensive touring in Europe.
The third and final album under the Kingpins\' name was *Plan of Action*, released in September 2000. This album represented a major shift in the Kingpins\' musical direction. Vocal duties were taken over almost exclusively by Lorraine Muller, one of the band\'s original members. Before the release of *Plan of Action* Muller was primarily responsible for playing baritone saxophone and singing vocals on a few songs. The band also experimented with different stylistic fusions, mixing ska with various other musical genres, including new wave and breakbeat. The album also featured guest appearances by many big names in the Canadian ska scene, including Dave \"JFK\" Adams of JFK & the Conspirators, and Mitch \"King Kong\" Girio of King Apparatus fame. Though these were drastic changes, the album was well received.
The group toured on and off over the next four years, but by 2004, the band\'s line-up included only one original member (Muller), and the group announced on October 28, 2004 that their next album would be released under the name Lo and the Magnetics. At the time of their \"breakup\", the Kingpins consisted of Lorraine Muller on lead vocals and saxophone, Chris Raz on guitar, Dan Meier on saxophone, Russ Cooper on bass, and Mike Gasselsdorfer on drums. In concert, Lo and the Magnetics occasionally played songs that were released under the Kingpins\' name, though they referred to them as \"covers\". They have, however, retired some of the Kingpins\' most notable songs, such as \"The 10 Commandments of Ska\". The Magnetics are on hiatus and expect to record some demos at some point.
## Discography
- *On the Run* (1995) (CD single)
- *Watch Your Back* (1997)
- *Lootin\' Shootin\' and Wailin*\' (7\" vinyl single)
- *Let\'s Go to Work* (1999)
- *Plan of Action* (2000)
| 624 |
The Kingpins (Canadian band)
| 0 |
10,153,359 |
# The Kingpins (Canadian band)
## Compilation appearances {#compilation_appearances}
- \"Spy vs. Spy\" on *The All-Skanadian Club Vol. 1* (Stomp Records 1996)
- \"Watch Your Back\" on *The All-Skanadian Club Vol. 2* (Stomp Records 1996)
- \"Johnny Ratchet\" on *The All-Skanadian Club Vol. 3* (Stomp Records 1997)
- \"Manon Viens Danser Le Ska\" on *2Tongue: le Québec en montre une!* (Disques Sapristi!)
- \"Ball of Fire\" (with The Pilfers) and \"Give it to Me Now\" on *Oi!/Skampilation Vol
| 78 |
The Kingpins (Canadian band)
| 1 |
10,153,371 |
# Images (Lucio Battisti album)
***Images*** is the twelfth studio album by the Italian singer and songwriter Lucio Battisti. It was released in September 1977 by RCA Victor.
The album is a collection of five songs from his previous album, *Io tu noi tutti*, and two of his classic songs (\"Il mio canto libero\" and \"La canzone del sole\"). All of the songs were translated into English by Peter Powell.
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
American critics considered the record a failure. They cited Battisti\'s poor English skills, the flawed lyric translations and the disco-inspired arrangements (that, although pleasant, were not able to convey the spirit and the nuances of the original songs). Richard Williams, in *Melody Maker*, wrote that it sounded akin to a \"watered-down Battisti\".
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All lyrics written by Mogol and Peter Powell, all music composed by Lucio Battisti.
1. \"To Feel in Love\" -- 5:09
2. \"A Song to Feel Alive\" -- 4:39
3. \"The Only Thing I\'ve Lost\" -- 5:02
4. \"Keep on Cruising\" -- 4:36
5. \"The Sun Song\" -- 5:17
6. \"There\'s Never Been a Moment\" -- 4:47
7. \"Only\" -- 4:47
## Personnel
- Guitar: Lucio Battisti, Dennis Budimir, Danny Ferguson, Ray Parker Jr
| 204 |
Images (Lucio Battisti album)
| 0 |
10,153,384 |
# Jason Gooding
**Jason Gooding** (born March 2, 1979) is a Triathlete from Trinidad and Tobago. He is a nine-time national champion
| 22 |
Jason Gooding
| 0 |
10,153,403 |
# Gerald Perry (American football)
**Gerald Perry** (born November 12, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle for eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Southern Jaguars and was selected by the Denver Broncos in the second round of the 1988 NFL draft. He started in Super Bowl XXIV for the Broncos. He was a star basketball player in high school, winning the honor of the state\'s Mr. Basketball in 1983 as a center for Dreher High School.
On December 27, 1989, Perry was convicted of soliciting a prostitute, and was sentenced to 15 days imprisonment. He was injured in a shooting in 2009
| 117 |
Gerald Perry (American football)
| 0 |
10,153,529 |
# Sigurður Þórarinsson
**Sigurdur Thorarinsson** (Icelandic: **Sigurður Þórarinsson**) (8 January 1912 -- 8 February 1983) was an Icelandic geologist, volcanologist, glaciologist, professor and lyricist. He is considered a pioneer in the field of tephrochronology, and he made significant contributions in many areas of geology, especially volcanology and glaciology, both in Iceland and abroad.
## Biography
Sigurður Þórarinsson was born in Vopnafjörður in northeastern Iceland in 1912. He received his Ph.D. from Stockholm University College in 1944 and began a long and distinguished academic career as professor of geography at the University of Iceland. According to his obituary in *The Geographical Journal*, \"He was something of a polymath who contrived to take geology, geomorphology, glaciology, climatology, and archaeology in his stride.\"
He died suddenly of a heart attack in Reykjavík in 1983. Subsequently, the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth\'s Interior (IAVCEI) decided to name its highest award the Thorarinsson Medal in his honor. As usual outside Iceland, the name of the prize misunderstands Icelandic naming conventions, because Þórarinsson is a patronymic not a surname, and in Iceland he would have properly been referred to by his given first name, Sigurður.
Eldur er í Norðri is a collection of papers, published by his colleague when Sigurður turned 70 years old.
In 1961, he was made a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. He was the first to receive the award of Steno Medal in 1969 by the [Geological Society of Denmark](http://2dgf.dk/geological-society-of-denmark/) for his work with volcanology and tephrochronology.
Sigurdur Thorarinsson is the author of the lyrics to many well-known Icelandic songs, such as *Þórsmerkurljóð* (*María María*), *Vorkvöld í Reykjavík* and *Að lífið sé skjálfandi*
| 278 |
Sigurður Þórarinsson
| 0 |
10,153,549 |
# Mendiola Consortium
**Mendiola Consortium** (**MC**) is an educational organization of five institutions located along the street of Mendiola in Manila, Philippines. It was founded on July 16, 1974, upon the invitation of then Centro Escolar University President Dionisio Tiongco to the heads of San Beda University, College of the Holy Spirit and La Consolacion College Manila.
They agreed to unite their resources to enhance the capability of providing quality education and public service, and to participate more effectively in the attainment of national development. It is through the MC schools that Mendiola street have become a peace zone since it was traditionally a site of rallies because of its proximity to Malacañan Palace
| 114 |
Mendiola Consortium
| 0 |
10,153,581 |
# Broadway Bridge (Little Falls)
The **Little Falls Broadway Bridge** is the only road bridge within the city limits of Little Falls, Minnesota. The bridge was built in 1941 and is the 3rd bridge to occupy the current spot. It is located less than one block north of the Little Falls Dam and connects the city\'s \"east side\" and \"west side\". Arguably, the major flaw of the bridge is that it lands before the railroad tracks on the west side, therefore traffic is blocked whenever a train goes through. Proposals for a bridge that would go over the tracks have been discussed
| 102 |
Broadway Bridge (Little Falls)
| 0 |
10,153,633 |
# Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen (novel)
***Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen*** is a young adult novel by Dyan Sheldon. Originally released in 1999 through Candlewick Press, it was later turned into a Disney motion picture of the same name in 2004 starring Lindsay Lohan and was made one of the ALA book picks for 2006. A sequel, *My (Not So) Perfect Life*, was released in 2002.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
The story starts with Mary Elizabeth \"Lola\" Cep as she moves to New Jersey with her family and attempts to become the Queen Bee at Dellwood High (which she prefers to call Deadwood High). In order to become Queen Bee she must contend with Carla Santini, the school\'s most popular girl, who has no intention of vacating her place in school society. Both end up vying for the role of Eliza Doolittle in the school play, Pygmalion. To sound more interesting to her people Lola lies to her new friend Ella Gerard about her father being killed by a vehicle while taking flowers to his wife. One morning Lola\'s favorite band, Sidartha, break up and are doing their last ever concert together in New York City. When Carla boasts that she gets VIP passes to the band\'s last concert and the after party, Lola says she and Ella are also going so they attempt to buy tickets but without success. Lola asks her mother if she can go who says unless she goes with her dad she can\'t.
Lola goes on a hunger strike to try make her mother let her go which leads to disaster with weakness. Lola, unable to buy a decent dress at any second hand shop, gets Sam Creek to help her sneak the Eliza Doolittle dress for her to wear at the Sidartha concert. Lola and Ella sneak away to New York City and try to get the last two tickets but Lola remembered she left her money in her make up kit which she left on the train. Unable to get into the concert Lola and Ella later see the singer of the Sidartha band, Stu Wolff, getting drunk as he leaves the party. Lola and Ella lead him into a restaurant to buy him coffee but Stu sneaks out by climbing out the bathroom window. Lola and Ella then get taken to the police station where Lola tells Ella the truth about her parents and her father comes to take them and Stu back to enjoy the after party and back home afterwards.
Lola and Ella return to school the next day and Lola confesses to the class that she borrowed Eliza Doolittle\'s dress for the concert which surprises Mrs Baggoli then Lola is eager to boast to Carla about their antics at the afterparty, but she and Ella become humiliated when Carla succeeds in convincing everyone else they never attended by showing the photos. Carla then convinces Mrs Baggoli to have the Pygmalion show at her mansion much to the disappointment of Lola. Devastated about the humiliation, Lola goes home, upset, and decides not to perform in the show. But she changes her mind the night of the play after Ella calls her out on this, and Lola rushes to school to take on her role as the lead. The book ends with the play as a success and with Lola and Carla in the bathroom fixing up their make up for the after party while they acknowledge each other.
## Characters
- ***Mary Elizabeth \"Lola\" Cep***
The main character of the story who was born in New York City, has a passion for being an actor and is competing with Carla Santini.
- ***Ella Gerard***
Lola\'s best friend who lives in New Jersey and becomes more assertive as the story proceeds.
- ***Carla Santini***
The most popular girl in Dellwood High and Lola\'s enemy who has a passion for making Lola\'s life miserable.
- ***Mrs Baggoli***
Lola\'s teacher in Dellwood High who directs the class into making the Pygmalion show.
- ***Stuart \"Stu\" Wolff***
The lead singer of Lola\'s favorite band Sidhartha who gets drunk and is helped by Lola and Ella.
- ***Pam Cep and Paula Cep***
The Twins: Lola\'s younger siblings.
- ***Mr and Mrs Gerard***
Ella Gerard\'s parents who don\'t approve of Lola at first.
- ***Karen Kapok Cep***
Lola\'s mother whose idea it was to move from New York City to New Jersey for a quieter life.
- ***Sam Creek***
A kid from Dellwood High who helps Lola sneak out Eliza Doolittle\'s Dress.
| 759 |
Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen (novel)
| 0 |
10,153,633 |
# Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen (novel)
## Reception
Critical reception for *Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen* was positive, with Booklist calling it \"hilarious\" and \"truly funny\". Publishers Weekly positively reviewed the book, praising Lola\'s \"wit and charm\". Kirkus Reviews also positively reviewed the book, citing the supporting cast as one of the highlights of the book.
## Film adaptation {#film_adaptation}
*Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen* was adapted into a theatrical film starring Lindsay Lohan. The film received negative reviews from critics receiving a rating of 13% on Rotten Tomatoes
| 93 |
Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen (novel)
| 1 |
10,153,635 |
# Bruce Collie
**Bruce Stokes Collie** (born June 27, 1962) is a former professional American football offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers and the Philadelphia Eagles. He played college football at the University of Texas at Arlington and was drafted in the fifth round of the 1985 NFL draft.
A born-again Christian, Collie now resides in Wimberley, Texas with his wife, Holly, and 13 children Devyn (1993--2023), Jordyn (b. 1994), Jensen (b. 1995), Denton (b. 1996), Branson (b. 1997), Cameron (b. 1998), Bergyn (b. 2000), Calyn (b. 2001), Hadyn (b. 2002), Hansen (b. 2004), Daltyn (b. 2005), Jadyn (b. 2007) and Dennison (b. 2009), where he brews beer & sells pizza.
He operated Wimberley Brewing Company & Brewster\'s Pizza, a micro-brewery & pizza business in a building he designed and built himself located at \"The Junction\" on Ranch Road-12 @ FM-32 in Wimberley, Texas, until it closed in 2020.[1](https://www.wimberleyview.com/news/brewster%E2%80%99s-closes-after-decade)
In 2010, he coached the San Marcos Homeschool Panther\'s varsity football team. `{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120405080255/http://www.brewsterspizza.com/index.html]}}`{=mediawiki} [2](https://web.archive.org/web/20111108220350/http://www.wimberleybrewingcompany.com/index.html) [3](https://web.archive.org/web/20110218212853/http://www.statesman.com/news/content/multimedia/players/brightcove.html?bcpid=1459162514&bclid=1461295911&bctid=41930614001) Collie is an advocate of the Tim Tebow bill that would allow homeschoolers in Texas to play sports offered by public schools
| 193 |
Bruce Collie
| 0 |
10,153,649 |
# Prime: S.E.S. the Best
***Prime -S.E.S. The Best-*** is the first Japanese compilation album by S.E.S., released under VAP on March 15, 2000. It spawned two singles: \"T.O.P. (Twinkling of Paradise)\" and the double A-side single \"Sign of Love\" / \"Miracle\". The album peaked at number 64 on the Oricon Albums Chart and sold 3,750 copies.
## Singles
The album\'s first single was \"T.O.P. (Twinkling of Paradise)\", featuring a rap by Verbal of M-Flo. It was S.E.S.\' fourth full Japanese single and sold approximately 5,000 copies. It was released on October 27, 1999.
Track listing
1. \"T.O.P. (Twinkling of Paradise)\" (featuring Verbal)
2. \"T.O.P. (Twinkling of Paradise)\" (Masters Funk Remix) (featuring Verbal)
3. \"Life -This is the Power-\"
The double A-side single \"Sign of Love\" / \"Miracle\" was the second release spawned from the album and the group\'s fifth Japanese single. Released on December 8, 1999, it sold approximately 5,000 copies.
Track listing
1. \"Sign of Love\"
2. \"Miracle\"
3. \"Sign of Love\" (DJ Favouret-Club Mix)
4
| 168 |
Prime: S.E.S. the Best
| 0 |
10,153,674 |
# Twin Cities Phoenix
**Twin Cities Phoenix**, originally known as **Twin Cities Tornado** until 2000, were an American soccer team, founded in 1997, who were members of the United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2001, after which the team left the league and the franchise was terminated.
## Year-by-year {#year_by_year}
Year Division League Reg
| 64 |
Twin Cities Phoenix
| 0 |
10,153,679 |
# Coroner's Court of the Australian Capital Territory
The **Coroner\'s Court of the Australian Capital Territory** is a court which has exclusive jurisdiction over the remains of a person and the power to make findings in respect of the cause of death of a person or fire in Australian Capital Territory.
## History
The office of coroner in the territory derives from the legal framework inherited from the United Kingdom.
## Jurisdiction
At common law, coroners would constitute a court by virtue of their office. In the Australian Capital Territory, this common law position has been abolished and there is now the Coroner's Court established.
Coroners have the power to investigate the causes of death within their jurisdiction. They also have power to retain a person's remains, order autopsies, and direct how a person's remains may be disposed. Coroners also have jurisdiction to hold inquests concerning the cause of any fire in the territory.
Where a serious criminal offence has been disclosed during the course of an inquest, the coroner cannot proceed with it if a person is to be charged with that criminal offence. The coroner stops the inquest and refers the matter to the Director of Public Prosecutions for consideration and investigation. This changes the early colonial practice of coroners directly committing persons suspected of serious crimes directly for trial.
Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory has a supervisory role over the court, and may review, quash or direct inquests.
In certain situations, the Attorney General may direct the Chief Coroner to conduct cause an inquiry to be held into a disaster in the territory.
## Composition
All magistrates are coroners by virtue of their appointment. The Chief Coroner may appoint a special magistrate as a coroner.
The Chief Magistrate of the Australian Capital Territory is the Chief Coroner for the territory. The Chief Coroner has the function to oversee and co-ordinate coronial services in the territory, ensure that all deaths and suspected deaths concerning which a coroner has jurisdiction to hold an inquest are properly investigated, and ensuring that an inquest is held whenever it is required, and to issue guidelines to coroners to assist them in the exercise or performance of their functions.
## Membership
### Chief Coroner {#chief_coroner}
Name Date appointed Term in office Notes
------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- -------
Chief Coroner Lorraine Walker
### Coroners
Name Date appointed Term in office Notes
------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- -------
Coroner Beth Campbell
Coroner Peter Morrison
Coroner Bernadette Boss
Coroner Robert Cook
Coroner Margaret Hunter `{{post-nominals|country=AUS|OAM}}`{=mediawiki} 21 May 2014
Coroner Glenn Theakston
Coroner Louise Taylor
## Process
Coroners must investigate the manner and cause of death for persons who die or may have died in certain circumstances. This includes people who:
- dies violently, or unnaturally, in unknown circumstances;
- dies under suspicious circumstances;
- dies and the death appears to be completely or partly attributable to an operation or procedure;
- dies after having undergone an operation or procedure and in circumstances that, in the opinion of the Chief Coroner, should be better ascertained; or
- dies and a doctor has not given a certificate about the cause of death;
- dies not having been attended by a doctor at any time within the period commencing 6 months before the death; or
- dies after an accident where the cause of death appears to be directly attributable to the accident; or
- dies, or is suspected to have died, in circumstances that, in the opinion of the Attorney-General, should be better ascertained;
- dies in custody.
They are required, where possible, to establish: the identity of the deceased; when and where the death happened; the manner and cause of death, and in the case of the suspected death of a person --- that the person has died.
The coroner will initially ask police to investigate and provide a report to the coroner.
Coroners can then either decide to waive a hearing where it is not necessary or decide to hold a public hearing.
## Significant inquests and/or inquiries {#significant_inquests_andor_inquiries}
Notable inquests include:
- The Royal Canberra Hospital implosion;
- The Murder of Colin Winchester; and
- The 2003 Canberra bushfires
| 693 |
Coroner's Court of the Australian Capital Territory
| 0 |
10,153,690 |
# Badi, Raisen
**Badi** is a town and a nagar panchayat in Raisen district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Its also a Tehsil Headquarter in Raisen District.
## Demographics
As of the 2011 Census of India, Badi had a population of 19,603. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Badi has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 60% of the males and 40% of females literate. 17% of the population is under 6 years of age
| 88 |
Badi, Raisen
| 0 |
10,153,724 |
# Florida Oaks
The **Florida Oaks** is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old fillies over the distance of `{{frac|1|1|16}}`{=mediawiki} miles on the turf scheduled annually in mid-March at Tampa Bay Downs in Oldsmar, Florida. The event currently carries a purse of \$200,000.
## History
The race was inaugurated on 10 March 1984, at a distance of seven furlongs on the dirt and was won by Sure Too Explode who was ridden by the Tampa Bay Downs track leading jockey Rick Luhr in a time of 1:24`{{frac|2|5}}`{=mediawiki}. The next year, the distance was changed in 1985 to `{{frac|1|1|16}}`{=mediawiki} miles and has remained so to date.
The Florida Oaks was first upgraded to Grade III status by the American Graded Stakes Committee (AGSC) in 1996, but was downgraded to listed status in 2004.
It returned to Grade III in 2008 but was again downgraded for 2011.
In 2011 Tampa Bay Downs officials decided to switch the race to the turf. The AGSC restored the Grade III designation for the 2013 edition.
Two Florida Oaks winners, Luv Me Luv Me Not in 1992 and Secret Status in 2000, went on to win the Kentucky Oaks at Churchill Downs.
## Records
**Speed record:**
- miles turf -- 1:41.12 Domain Expertise (2021), Mission of Joy (2023)
- miles dirt -- 1:43.65 Don\'t Forget Gil (2009)
**Margins:**
- 9 lengths -- R Lady Joy (2005)
**Most wins by a jockey:**
- 4 - Jose Lezcano (2005, 2012, 2014, 2015)
**Most wins by a trainer:**
- 4 - William I. Mott (2003, 2013, 2015, 2024)
**Most wins by an owner:**
- 3 - William S. Farish III (1995, 2000, 2001)
| 276 |
Florida Oaks
| 0 |
10,153,724 |
# Florida Oaks
## Winners
Year Winner Jockey Trainer Owner Distance Time Purse Grade Ref
------ -------------------- ------------------------ ---------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ --------- ----------- -------- -----
2024 Waskesiu Junior Alvarado William I. Mott Chiefswood Stables Limited miles 1:42.04 \$155,000 III
2023 Mission of Joy Antonio Gallardo H. Graham Motion RyZan Sun Racing and Madaket Stables miles 1:41.12 \$200,000 III
2022 Dolce Zel (FR) Irad Ortiz Jr. Chad C. Brown Michael Dubb, Madaket Stables & Robert V. LaPenta miles 1:44.18 \$151,000 III
2021 Domain Expertise Antonio Gallardo Chad C. Brown Klaravich Stables miles 1:41.12 \$152,500 III
2020 Outburst (GB) Javier Castellano Eddie Kenneally Marc Detampel, TSF Thoroughbred Racing & Rebecca Hillen miles 1:42.03 \$150,000 III
2019 Concrete Rose Julien R. Leparoux George R. Arnold II Ashbrook Farm & BBN Racing miles 1:43.02 \$150,000 III
2018 Andina Del Sur Julien R. Leparoux Thomas Albertrani Don Alberto Stable miles 1:42.37 \$150,000 III
2017 Fifty Five Jose L. Ortiz Thomas M. Bush Empire Equines miles 1:41.60 \$155,000 III
2016 Julien R. Leparoux Brian A. Lynch Amerman Racing miles 1:42.20 \$155,000 III
2015 Quality Rocks Jose Lezcano William I. Mott Flavor Racing, Brous Stable, Wachtel Stable & Destiny Oaks Of Ocala miles 1:43.39 \$180,000 III
2014 Testa Rossi (FR) Jose Lezcano Chad C. Brown James Covello, Thomas Coleman & Doheny Racing Stable miles 1:43.51 \$152,500 III
2013 Tapicat Joel Rosario William I. Mott Besilu Stables miles 1:41.89 \$100,000 III
2012 § Dixie Strike Jose Lezcano Mark E. Casse John C. Oxley miles 1:43.30 \$105,000 Listed
2011 Dynamic Holiday Ramon A. Dominguez H. Graham Motion Augustin Stable miles 1:45.56 \$105,000 Listed
2010 Diva Delite David A. Vivian Barbara Vivian & Dominic Vittese miles 1:46.10 \$170,000 III
2009 Don\'t Forget Gil Rajiv Maragh Mark A. Hennig Alan Brodsky miles 1:43.60 \$200,000 III
2008 Awesome Chic Irwin J. Rosendo Rafael Ramos Aurora Springs Stable miles 1:44.38 \$200,000 III
2007 Cotton Blossom John R. Velazquez Todd A. Pletcher Dogwood Stable miles 1:45.06 \$200,000 Listed
2006 Bushfire John R. Velazquez Eddie Kenneally Ron & Ricki Rashinski miles 1:46.25 \$200,000 Listed
2005 R Lady Joy Jose Lezcano Kirk Ziadie Richard N. Averill miles 1:44.58 \$150,000 Listed
2004 Ender\'s Sister Pat Day George R. Arnold II Green Lantern Stables miles 1:45.66 \$150,000 Listed
2003 Ebony Breeze Mark Guidry William I. Mott Kinsman Stable miles 1:45.20 \$150,000 III
2002 French Satin Ramon A. Dominguez Steven W. Standridge Sabine Stable miles 1:45.29 \$150,000 III
2001 Quick Tip Richard Migliore Neil J. Howard William S. Farish III miles 1:45.36 \$150,000 III
2000 Secret Status Pat Day Neil J. Howard William S. Farish III, James A. Elkins Jr. & W. Temple Webber Jr. miles 1:45.05 \$125,000 III
1999 Crown Jewel Luis Jeronimo Martinez Evelio Garcia Donald Murray miles 1:45.60 \$100,000 III
1998 Pantufla Pat Day David M. Carroll Helen Alexander miles 1:45.40 \$100,000 III
1997 Anklet Shane Sellers W. Elliott Walden Alexander S. Loeb, Brad ay & Jeffrey S. Sullivan miles 1:45.00 \$100,000 III
1996 Mindy Gayle Jorge A. Guerra Julian Canet Tanenbaum Racing Stable miles 1:45.80 \$100,000 III
1995 Sneaky Quiet Mike E. Smith Neil J. Howard William S. Farish III & Temple Webber Jr. miles 1:45.40 \$100,000 Listed
1994 Cavada Kevin Whitley A. Archie Smith Jr. Bebe R. Dalton miles 1:46.40 \$100,000 Listed
1993 Star Jolie Eduardo O. Nunez Ronald H. McKenzie Five Star Stables miles 1:45.60 \$100,000 Listed
1992 Luv Me Luv Me Not Willie Martinez Glenn S. Wismer Philip & Judy Maas miles 1:45.60 \$100,000 Listed
1991 Designated Dancer Willie Martinez Oliver E. Edwards David Melin miles 1:45.40 \$100,000 Listed
1990 Dance Colony Herb McCauley Ross R. Pearce Buckland Farm miles 1:45.20 \$100,000
1989 She\'s Scrumptious Richard Murray Adkins Glenn S. Wismer Philip & Judy Maas miles 1:46.00 \$100,000
1988 Colonial Waters Victor H. Molina John P. Campo Buckland Farm miles 1:44.80 \$110,000
1987 Single Blade Julio Molina Pezua Greentree Stable miles 1:45.60 \$130,000
1986 Noranc Herb McCauley Joseph Provost Gallopping Acres & Hidden Point Farm miles 1:44.60 \$108,300
1985 Erstwhile Charles Hussey Cam Gambolati Hunter Farm miles 1:48.00 \$56,450
1984 Sure Too Explode Rick D. Luhr Sherman Ingram Frederick Lehmann 7 furlongs 1:24.40 \$62,200
***Legend:**\'\'\
`{{Legend inline|Beige|Dirt}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Legend inline|LightCyan|Turf}}`{=mediawiki}\
***Notes:**\'\'\
§ Ran as an entry `{{refend}}`{=mediawiki}
## External sites {#external_sites}
[Tampa Bay Downs Media Guide 2021](http://76.227.212.75/docs/default-source/2020-2021-Season-Files/tampa-bay-downs-2020-2021-media-guide
| 704 |
Florida Oaks
| 1 |
10,153,732 |
# Love (S.E.S. song)
\"**Love**\" is a song by South Korean girl group S.E.S. recorded in Korean and Japanese. The Korean version served as the title track for the group\'s third Korean studio album of the same name, released under SM Entertainment on October 29, 1999. In Japan, \"Love \~Itsumademo Onje Kajima\~\" was the group\'s sixth Japanese single under VAP, released on April 21, 2000. It served as the first single for their sophomore Japanese studio album *Be Ever Wonderful* (2000).
## Music video {#music_video}
The music video for \"Love\" was shot in New York City. It was one of the most expensive music videos produced in South Korea at the time with a reported budget of around \$1 million.
## Covers
Ive\'s Wonyoung covered the song at the 2022 KBS Song Festival.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
Japanese CD single
1. \"Love \~Itsumademo Onje Kajima\~\" (Love \~いつまでもオンジェ·カジナ\~) -- 4:12
2. \"Round & Round\" -- 4:15
3. \"Round & Round\" (Again And Again Mix) -- 4:15
4
| 166 |
Love (S.E.S. song)
| 0 |
10,153,737 |
# Domenico da Cortona
thumb\|upright=1.3\|Domenico\'s Hôtel de Ville in Paris, as drawn by `{{Interlanguage link multi|Jacques Cellier|fr}}`{=mediawiki}
**Domenico da Cortona** called \"*Boccador*\" (ca 1465 -- ca 1549) was an Italian architect, a pupil of Giuliano da Sangallo. He was brought to France by Charles VIII and remained in the service of François I. His design for the royal Château de Chambord, represented in a wooden model, survived into the seventeenth century but responsibility for the design is also given to Leonardo da Vinci, who was at the royal court at Amboise at the same time, and the actual construction, during which much was improvised, was under the on-site supervision of Pierre Nepveu.
Domenico da Cortona was domiciled at Blois. He was at Amboise, responsible for design planning in festivities marking the birth of the dauphin in April 1518. He also supervised military engineering works at the châteaux of Tournai and Ardres.
Domenico is sometimes credited with designing the Église Saint-Eustache in Paris, although other architects have also been suggested. The Hôtel de Ville of Paris, destroyed during the Commune, 24 May 1871, bore an inscription ending *Domenico Cortonensi architectante*.
The standard monograph is P. Lesueur, *Dominique de Cortone dit Boccador* (Paris) 1928
| 202 |
Domenico da Cortona
| 0 |
10,153,756 |
# 36 Quai des Orfèvres (film)
***36 Quai des Orfèvres*** (also known as **\"The 36\"**) is a 2004 French film directed by Olivier Marchal and starring Daniel Auteuil and Gérard Depardieu. The title derives from the original address of the Judicial Police headquarters, part of the larger Palais de Justice of Paris on the Île de la Cité. The film takes place in Paris, where two cops (Auteuil and Depardieu) are competing for the vacant seat of chief of the Paris Criminal police while involved in a search for a gang of violent thieves. The film is directed by Olivier Marchal, a former police officer who spent 12 years in the French police. The story is loosely inspired from real events which occurred during the 1980s in France (see the gang des postiches arrest). The film was nominated for eight César Awards. The movie was remade in South Korea in 2019 as *The Beast*.
## Plot
Two Prefecture of Police officers: Léo Vrinks (Daniel Auteuil), head of the BRI and Denis Klein (Gérard Depardieu), head of the BRB, both in Paris, wish to succeed their superior, the chief of the criminal police (André Dussolier), who is being promoted. Success depends on catching a murderous and highly active gang of armoured-car robbers. Another source of rivalry is that Camille (Valeria Golino), Vrinks\' wife, used to be Klein\'s lover.
Vrinks is an effective detective with loyal subordinates and some unsavory informants. Klein, who has questionable ethics, is less accomplished. Consequently, his marriage is strained and he drinks heavily. Vrinks helps people such as a bartender, who is raped and beaten by Bruno (Ivan Franek) while being robbed. Vrinks and his team kidnap Bruno, drive him to a forest where they strip and bind him, give him a mock execution, push him into an open grave, warn him to leave the bartender alone, and then abandon him.
Vrinks\' use of informants backfires when one on weekend release from prison, Silien (Roschdy Zem), tricks him into being his getaway driver when he murders a gangster whose testimony convicted him. Silien, in a quid pro quo for Vrinks\' providing an alibi and keeping silent, tells him about the gang\'s personnel and hideout. Vrinks, implicated in the murder, has little choice but to agree. The victim was an informant of Klein, who suspects Silien of involvement.
Vrinks\' team stake out the hideout, with Klein\'s team as backup but, on the verge of arrests, Klein ignores procedure and drunkenly approaches the gang. While most are still apprehended, an alerted car load open fire, killing Vrinks\' best friend and taking a detective hostage. Later, she escapes and one of the criminals is caught and another shot while trying to force a roadblock.
An investigation is launched into the detective\'s death, but one of Klein\'s informants coincidentally introduces him to a prostitute who witnessed the murder by Silien. Discovering Vrinks\' role, Klein ensures he is prosecuted, meaning that Vrinks\' evidence on the gang arrest is inadmissible and Klein exonerated of blame. He offers Camille help but she rejects him. While under arrest, awaiting proceedings, Vrinks disarms his guards, to allow him talk to his wife Camille in the court corridor.
Camille is invited to a meeting by Silien, but her phone is being tapped by Klein\'s team, who are seeking him. Silien gets into her car and offers her money to live on. Klein, who has been tailing her, orders his team to move in to capture Silien despite being warned of the danger to Camille. They flee but Klein orders that Camille\'s small and insubstantial car forced off the road and she and Silien are killed in the crash. Klein uses Silien\'s gun to shoot the dead Camille, then uses his own gun to shoot Silien\'s body. It now looks like Silien shot Camille, causing the crash, and Klein then shot Silien in self-defence, absolving him of responsibility for their deaths.
Seven years later, Vrinks is released. Klein, who now heads the Paris criminal police, kept his team silent about the truth of Camille\'s death by promotions, retirements and transfers. Vrinks reunites with his daughter, telling her they are leaving after some unfinished business. He visits Titi, an old colleague, who now works at a club, to find out about Camille\'s death. They have a spontaneous fight with men who seemed familiar, namely Bruno\'s friends, who threaten revenge. Later, Bruno ambushes Titi and discovers he was one of the policemen who humiliated him before. He demands to know the names of the others before beating him into a coma.
Vrinks gets a gun to take revenge on Klein, who is attending a police ball. Using a stolen ID, Vrinks attends and confronts Klein in the lavatory. Klein explains Camille was dead when he shot her, and Vrinks suggests he kill himself with Vrinks\' gun to avoid exposure. After Vrinks leaves, Klein follows him out, shouting obscenities, threatening to shoot him and blaming him for Camille\'s death. Bruno, lying in wait, shoots Klein dead. It appears that Titi gave his attackers Klein\'s name, instead of Vrinks\'s.
The film ends with Vrinks and his daughter at airport security, heading for a new life abroad.
## Cast
- Daniel Auteuil as Léo Vrinks
- Gérard Depardieu as Denis Klein
- André Dussollier as Robert Mancini
- Roschdy Zem as Hugo Silien
- Valeria Golino as Camille Vrinks
- Anne Consigny as Hélène Klein
- Mylène Demongeot as Manou Berliner
- Francis Renaud as Titi Brasseur
- Daniel Duval as Eddy Valence
- as Ève Verhagen
- Guy Lecluyse as Groluc
- as Francis Horn
- Jo Prestia as Victor Dragan
- Vincent Moscato as Jenner
- as Smao
- Olivier Marchal as Christo
- Solène Blasch as Lola Vrinks (11 years old)
- Aurore Auteuil as Lola Vrinks (17 years old)
Aurore Auteuil, the actress who plays Vrinks\' daughter (as a grown up) in the film is Daniel Auteuil\'s real life daughter.
| 991 |
36 Quai des Orfèvres (film)
| 0 |
10,153,756 |
# 36 Quai des Orfèvres (film)
## Production
In naming the informant Silien, Olivier Marchal is making a conscious tribute to the whole genre of the French \"Policier\", Silien being a character in the classic film *Le Doulos*, played by Jean-Paul Belmondo
| 42 |
36 Quai des Orfèvres (film)
| 1 |
10,153,767 |
# Algeria Davis Cup team
The **Algeria Davis Cup team** represents Algeria in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Fédération Algerienne de Tennis.
Algeria currently compete in Africa Zone Group III.`{{fact|date=December 2023}}`{=mediawiki}
## History
Algeria competed in its first Davis Cup in 1976
| 46 |
Algeria Davis Cup team
| 0 |
10,153,845 |
# Be Ever Wonderful
***Be Ever Wonderful*** is the third Japanese studio album by S.E.S. It was released on May 24, 2000, under VAP. The album peaked at number 93 on the Oricon Albums Chart and sold over 2,700 copies in Japan.
## Singles
\"Love \~Itsumademo Onje Kajima\~\" was the first single from the album and the group\'s sixth full Japanese single. It was released on April 21, 2000, and featured the track \"Round & Round\" as the b-side. \"Umi no Aurora\" was the second single from the album, and the group\'s overall \"6.5\" Japanese single. It was released July 21, 2000, and sold approximately 3,000 copies.
Track listing -- \"Umi no Aurora\"
1. \"Umi no Aurora\" (Single Version)
2. \"Umi no Aurora\" (Northern Lights Mix)
3. \"Umi no Aurora\" (Blizzard Mix)
4
| 133 |
Be Ever Wonderful
| 0 |
10,153,869 |
# Rod Roberts
**Rod Roberts** (born October 22, 1957) is the Iowa State Labor Commissioner. Roberts is also a former Republican gubernatorial candidate and five-term Iowa State Representative from the 51st and 80th Districts. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2001 to 2011 and was an assistant minority leader. He received his BA from Iowa Christian College, as did his wife.
During his last term in the Iowa House, Roberts served on the Administration and Rules, Appropriations, Local Government, State Government, and Transportation committees. His political experience includes serving on the Carroll School Board from 1996 to 2000. Other experience includes serving as past president of the Carroll Rotary Club and serving on the Board of Directors for New Hope Village (a facility supporting disabled adults) in Carroll.
## Early and personal life {#early_and_personal_life}
Rod Roberts was born in 1957 to parents, Jack Roberts, a history teacher and Darlene Roberts, a bank teller. He grew up in Zearing, and was highly influenced by Ronald Reagan. Roberts and his wife, Trish, moved to Carroll in 1985.
## Electoral history {#electoral_history}
Roberts ran for the Iowa House\'s District 80 in 1998, losing to incumbent Democrat James Drees. He ran again in 2000 and won the election, defeating Democratic opponent Thomas Halbur. After the districts were redrawn for the 2002 election, Roberts was elected to the new District 51. He did not seek re-election to the House in 2010, choosing to seek the Republican nomination for governor instead. He was defeated in the primary, coming in a distant third behind former governor Terry Branstad, who went on to win the general election, and Iowa businessman Bob Vander Plaats. At the Republican state convention, he declined when nominated for the Republican nomination for Lieutenant Governor, endorsing then-State Senator Kim Reynolds for the position.
| 302 |
Rod Roberts
| 0 |
10,153,869 |
# Rod Roberts
## Electoral history {#electoral_history_1}
\*incumbent `{{Compact election box no change begin}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title =Iowa House of Representatives elections, 1998
| election_note =District 80
| election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/10-8.pdf|title=Iowa General Election - November 3, 1998|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|accessdate=2011-09-22|page=430}}</ref>
| turnout_votes =9,610
| result =hold
| loser_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| winner =James Drees*
| winner_party =Iowa Democratic Party
| winner_votes =4,889
| winner_percent =50.9
| candidate2 =Rod Roberts
| candidate2_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| candidate2_votes =4,721
| candidate2_percent =49.1
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title =Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2000
| election_note =District 80
| election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfS/2000%20G%20IH.pdf|title=November 7, 2000 - General Election, Iowa Official Results, State House of Representatives|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|date=2002-07-16|accessdate=2011-09-19|page=31}}</ref>
| turnout_votes =12,203
| result =gain
| loser_party =Iowa Democratic Party
| winner =Rod Roberts <!-- no incumbent -->
| winner_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| winner_votes =6,539
| winner_percent =53.6
| candidate2 =Thomas H. Halbur
| candidate2_party =Iowa Democratic Party
| candidate2_votes =5,655
| candidate2_percent =46.3
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title =Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2002
| election_note =District 51
| election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2002/results/Canvass%20Summary.pdf|title=Canvass Summary - Final - 2002 General Election (11/5/2002)|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|date=2002-12-02|accessdate=2011-09-19|page=32}}</ref>
| turnout_votes =6,997
| result =(newly redistricted)
| winner =Rod Roberts*
| winner_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| winner_votes =6,917
| winner_percent =98.9
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title =Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2004
| election_note =District 51
| election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2004/general/CanvassSummary.pdf|title=Canvass Summary - Final - 2004 General Election (11/2/2004)|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|date=2004-12-06|accessdate=2011-09-19|page=29}}</ref>
| turnout_votes =10,228
| result =hold
| winner =Rod Roberts*
| winner_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| winner_votes =10,162
| winner_percent =99.4
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title =[[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2006]]
| election_note =District 51
| election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/GenOffResults.pdf|title=Official Results Report - Statewide, 2006 General Election 11-07-2006|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|date=2006-11-21|accessdate=2011-09-19|page=37}}</ref>
| turnout_votes =7,167
| result =hold
| winner =Rod Roberts*
| winner_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| winner_votes =6,564
| winner_percent =91.6
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title =[[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2008]]
| election_note =District 51
| election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/elections/results/2008GeneralResults.html|title=November 4, 2008 General Election Results|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|accessdate=2011-09-19}}</ref>
| turnout_votes =10,110
| result =hold
| winner =Rod Roberts*
| winner_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| winner_votes =10,020
| winner_percent =99.1
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title =[[Iowa gubernatorial election, 2010#Republican primary|Iowa gubernatorial primary elections, 2010]]
| election_note =District 51
| election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/elections/results/2010PrimaryResults.html|title=June 8, 2010 Primary Election Results|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|accessdate=2011-10-20}}</ref>
| turnout_votes =229,731
| result =
| winner =Terry Branstad <!-- no incumbent -->
| winner_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| winner_votes =114,450
| winner_percent =49.8
| candidate2 =Bob Vander Plaats
| candidate2_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| candidate2_votes =93,058
| candidate2_percent =40.5
| candidate3 =Rod Roberts
| candidate3_party =Republican Party of Iowa
| candidate3_votes =19,896
| candidate3_percent =8
| 481 |
Rod Roberts
| 1 |
10,153,877 |
# Dyan Sheldon
**Dyan Sheldon** is an American novelist, who has written for adults, children and young adults. Originally from Brooklyn, she resides in London and has written a number of young adult novels as well as many picture books in a variety of genres.
Dyan Sheldon\'s novel *Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen*, a #1 New York Times bestseller, was made into a movie of the same name by Disney in 2004, starring Lindsay Lohan.
## Early life and career {#early_life_and_career}
Dyan Sheldon was born in Brooklyn, New York, and moved to Long Island with her parents when she was six years old. Prior to becoming a full-time writer, Sheldon worked as a blurb writer and then as a commissioning editor in publishing in London. Sheldon is a former fellow of Goldsmiths, University of London from 2018 to 2021.
Sheldon\'s first book was published in 1982, an adults fiction novel called *Victim of Love*. Her first picture book was *A Witch Got on at Paddington Station* published in 1987 and her first children\'s novel was *Harry and Chicken* published in 1990.
### *The Whales Song* {#the_whales_song}
*The Whales Song* is a picture book written by Dyan Sheldon and illustrated by Gary Blythe aimed at children. The story is about a young girl named Lily who, inspired by a story by her grandmother about the mysterious whales in the bay, longs to hear their magical song. The book was first published in 1991 by Hutchinson. A 1991 review by *Kirkus Reviews* says \"in a spare, poetic narrative, Sheldon captures a child\'s wonder at these magnificent creatures, echoed, in a splendid debut, in Blythe\'s generously broad oil paintings.\" *Publishers Weekly* reviewed the book in 1991 describes the book as \"haunting\" and \"evocative\". *The Whales Song* won the Kate Greenway Medal for illustration in 1991.
### *Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen* {#confessions_of_a_teenage_drama_queen}
*Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen* is teenage fiction book written by Dyan Sheldon about Lola who moves from New York to Dellwood Falls and tries to settle into her new high-school including her rivalry with the school\'s resident drama queen, Carla. The book was first published in 1999 by Candlewick Press. It was adapted into a theatrical film by Disney in 2004, starring Lindsay Lohan. A sequel, *My (Not So) Perfect Life* was published in 2002.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Dyan Sheldon currently lives in London.
## Works
### Adult novels {#adult_novels}
- *Victim of Love (novel)\|Victim of Love* (1982)
- *Dreams of an Average Man* (1985)
- *My Life as a Whale* (1992)
- *On the Road Reluctantly/Dream Catching* (1996)
### Young adult novels {#young_adult_novels}
#### Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen {#confessions_of_a_teenage_drama_queen_1}
Year Title Notes
------ ---------------------------------------- -------
1999 *Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen*
2002 *My (Not so) Perfect Life*
2005 *Confessions of a Hollywood Star*
#### Haunted series {#haunted_series}
Year Title Notes
------ --------------------------------- -------
1993 *You Can Never Go Home Anymore*
1993 *Save the Last Dance for Me*
#### Planet Jane series {#planet_jane_series}
Year Title Notes
------ ------------------------ -------
2003 *Planet Jane*
2004 *Planet Jane in Orbit*
- *And Baby Makes Two* (2000)
- *Sophie Pitt-Turnbull Discovers America* (2005)
- *Perfect (Quintano novel)\|Perfect* (as D. M
| 533 |
Dyan Sheldon
| 0 |
10,153,878 |
# Dan Conners
**Daniel Joseph Conners** (February 6, 1942 -- April 28, 2019) was an American professional football linebacker who played 11 seasons for the Oakland Raiders of the American Football League (AFL) from 1964 through 1969 and later in the National Football League (NFL) from 1970 through 1974. He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes and is enshrined in their Hall of Fame.
## Early years {#early_years}
Born in Clearfield, Pennsylvania, Conners was raised in St. Marys, Pennsylvania, and was a 1959 graduate of St. Marys high school. He led the Flying Dutchmen to undefeated seasons in 1957 and 1958 as a fullback and center while also earning varsity letters in wrestling and baseball.
That got the attention of the University of Miami (Fla.) where Conners began his college career as a center on the freshman team. He then moved to offensive tackle and then started to make a significant impact on the defensive side of the ball at tackle.
The eventual University of Miami Hall of Famer was 6-foot-2, 240 pounds by his senior year and broke the season record for tackles at that time with 57 tackles and 38 assists in 1962. In 1963, Conners was named an All-American defensive tackle.
## Pro career {#pro_career}
In the spring of 1964, Conners was drafted twice --- by the Chicago Bears in the fifth round (70th pick) in the NFL draft and by the Raiders in the second round (15th overall) of the AFL draft.
Conners signed with the Raiders and started an 11-year career that continued through 1974. Conners moved to middle linebacker and helped anchor the defensive unit that helped lead the team to the playoffs in seven of his 11 seasons, 13 games in all.
In 1967, Conners and the Raiders reached the Super Bowl after going 13--1 in the AFL and beating the Houston Oilers, 40--7, for the league title as Conners had a fumble recovery. Against the powerful NFL champion Green Bay Packers in the second-ever Super Bowl, the Raiders lost 33--14.
The next year, the Raiders reached the AFL title game before losing to the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Jets, 27--23. During the regular season, Conners played in the infamous \"Heidi Bowl\" in which the Raiders scored two touchdowns in the final minute of a 43--32 win. However, NBC pre-empted the fantastic finish to go to its regular-scheduled feature film Heidi, causing predictable outrage.
The Raiders reached the AFL title game again in 1969 and lost to another eventual Super Bowl champion, this time hated rival Kansas City Chiefs, 17--7. Conners recovered a fumble in the loss. In 1970, after the merger of the NFL and AFL, the Raiders lost the American Football Conference championship game 17--7 to the Baltimore Colts, again the eventual Super Bowl champion.
Oakland missed the playoffs in 1971 and reached the postseason again in 1972, winning the AFC West with a 10-3-1 record. In the first round of the playoffs, the Raiders locked up with an emerging power and arch-rival in the Pittsburgh Steelers at Three Rivers Stadium. In what was dubbed the Immaculate Reception game, it was Conners and the Raiders losing 13--7 on the final play of the game when Franco Harris grabbed a deflected pass out of the air and rambled into the end zone for the miracle finish. The Steelers wound up losing to the eventual unbeaten Super Bowl champion Miami Dolphins the next week.
Back again in 1973, the Raiders won the AFC West, avenged the loss to the Steelers in the first round of the playoffs, and lost to the eventual Super Bowl champion Dolphins in the conference final, 27--10.
Conners\' final season of 1974 saw the Raiders win the AFC West once again with a 12--2 mark, the best record in the NFL. After beating the defending champion Dolphins 28--26 in the first round in the famous \"Sea of Hands\" game, the Raiders lost at home to another eventual Super Bowl champion as the Steelers, down 10-3 going into the fourth quarter, outscored the Raiders 21--3 in the final quarter to win 24--13. The Steelers went on to win their first Super Bowl, beating the Vikings, 16--6.
Conners appeared in 141 games with the Raiders, 110 of them as a starter. While tackles weren\'t considered an official statistic until much later, Conners had 15 interceptions, returning three of them for touchdowns, and he recovered 16 fumbles, returning two for scores.
Conners made several postseason All-Pro teams, mostly during a stretch from 1967 through 1969. He was a second-team all-AFL pick in 1967 by the Associated Press, United Press International and The Sporting News. In 1968, he earned first-team All-AFL honors by UPI and Pro Football Weekly and second-team by the AP. In 1969, he was a first-team All-AFL pick by The Sporting News and second-team by the AP.
Conners was named as one of the six linebackers on the AFL Hall of Fame All-1960s Team, joining the likes of Bobby Bell, Nick Buoniconti, George Webster, Larry Grantham, and Mike Stratton. The Chiefs\' Bell and the Dolphins\' Buoniconti are Pro Football Hall of Famers.
In Conners\' 11 seasons, the Raiders won seven division titles and compiled a 105-38-11 regular-season record (.718 winning percentage). He was a foundational piece of the Raiders\' defense over that period. Two years after he retired, the Raiders won their first Super Bowl title against the Vikings in 1976.
## Later years {#later_years}
After his retirement, Conners remained in football as an assistant coach for the San Francisco 49ers then as a scout for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers before returning to the Raiders as a scout. Upon retiring from the organization after 25 years, he lived in the San Luis Obispo area, frequenting McCarthy\'s Irish Pub and the local Elks Lodge on a daily basis. He died on April 28, 2019 at the age of 77
| 981 |
Dan Conners
| 0 |
10,153,880 |
# Cyprus Davis Cup team
The **Cyprus Davis Cup team** represents Cyprus in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Cyprus Tennis Federation.
Cyprus currently competes in the Europe Group III.
## History
Cyprus competed in its first Davis Cup in 1985. They lost their first 10 ties before finally defeating the Congo. Due to incurring so many losses, Cyprus was relegated to the fourth and last zonal group in 1997. The team began to record regular wins when in the year 2000 a 14-year-old Marcos Baghdatis made his Davis Cup debut. In 2007, Cyprus returned to the Zonal Group II and recorded their best result in 2009 where they fell one match shy of being promoted to the Zonal Group I.
## Home Court {#home_court}
The first ever tie Cyprus competed in was held in Nicosia against Ireland. The team continued to play out of the Cyprus capital of Nicosia until 2010 when the team played in Spyros Kyprianou Athletic Centre located in Limassol (home of Marcos Baghdatis). 2021 event will take place at Herodotou Tennis Academy in Larnaca.
## Current team (2022 Davis Cup) {#current_team_2022_davis_cup}
*Player information and rankings `{{as of|lc=y|2022|6|20}}`{=mediawiki}*
Player Current singles ranking Current doubles ranking First year played Ties played Total W--L Singles W--L Doubles W--L
------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------- ------------- ------------ -------------- --------------
Petros Chrysochos 660 626 2013 29 29-13 24-9 5-4
Menelaos Efstathiou 1071 1424 2017 19 10-9 10-9 0--0
Stylianos Christodoulou 1381 N/A 2022 2 1-1 0-1 1--0
Sergis Kyratzis N/A 1040 2010 18 11-10 1-8 10-2
Eleftherios Neos N/A 1909 2017 16 11-5 0-1 11-4
: Squad representing Cyprus in the 2022 Davis Cup Europe Zone Group III
## Recent performances {#recent_performances}
Here is the list of all match-ups since 1985, when Cyprus began playing Davis Cup
| 298 |
Cyprus Davis Cup team
| 0 |
10,153,926 |
# Estonia Davis Cup team
The **Estonia men\'s national tennis team** represents Estonia in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Estonian Tennis Association.
## History
Estonia competed in its first Davis Cup in 1934--35. From 1945 to 1992, Estonian players represented the Soviet Union
| 47 |
Estonia Davis Cup team
| 0 |
10,153,940 |
# Mark O. Hatfield Library
The **Mark O. Hatfield Library** is the main library at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon, United States. Opened in 1986, it is a member of the Orbis Cascade Alliance along with several library lending networks, and is a designated Federal depository library. Willamette\'s original library was established in 1844, two years after the school was founded. The library was housed in Waller Hall before moving to its own building (now Smullin Hall) in 1938.
Two stories tall, the library contains over 350,000 volumes overall in its collections, and includes the school\'s archives. Designed by MDWR Architects, the red-brick building has glass edifices on two sides and a clocktower outside the main entrance. The building also includes a 24-hour study area, private study rooms, and a classroom. The academic library is named in honor of former Senator Mark O. Hatfield, a 1943 graduate of Willamette and former member of the faculty.
## History
Founded in 1844, Willamette University\'s library was started two years after the establishment of the school. The library grew to a size of 2,500 volumes in 1874. University Hall (now Waller Hall), which was built in 1867, was one of the homes of the library in the early years. The library was located on the third floor of the building. The early name for the institution was the **Willamette University Library**, which by 1901 was a free, general library with both circulating and reference collections. That year the library collection had grown to 4,686 volumes, along with a total of 2,753 pamphlets.
By 1909 the school library had 6,000 books valued at \$3,500 and Ray D. Fisher was librarian. During November of that year the library received new furniture as Eaton Hall opened, and many departments were moved to it from Waller Hall. The library was re-cataloged in 1912 by Lucia Haley, a specialist from New York City hired by the school for this task. At that time the librarian was Dr. Lyle. Plans at this time called for constructing a building where the Art Building now stands to serve as a memorial to the pioneers of the university. This was to be the future home of the library, but the building was never built. In 1913, the librarian was Mary Field, and the collection was still about 6,000 volumes. Field was replaced the following year by Fannie J. Elliot.
On December 17, 1919, a fire gutted Waller Hall, the home of the library. The school rebuilt the interior of the hall, with construction beginning in February 1920. The library was moved to the second floor of the rebuilt structure and reopened in December 1920. At that time William E. Kirk was the librarian and the facility had a capacity of 100 people. By 1922 the collection had grown to 16,000 volumes, and F. G. Franklin served as the school\'s librarian.
In 1937, construction began on a new concrete and brick-faced building to house the library. Completed in 1938, the building housed a collection that grew to 35,000 volumes in 1940. Now known as Smullin Hall, the library building was designed by architect Pietro Belluschi in the Georgian style of architecture. In 1965, the school received a \$450,000 loan from the federal government for the library. Congressman Al Ullman worked to secure status as a Federal Depository Library in the late 1960s, with status conferred in 1969. In 1980, Willamette began a multi-year fund raising campaign intended to raise funds to renovate academic halls and build a new library, with \$18 million total raised during the funding drive. At the time the library held a collection of 143,000 volumes.
Plans for a new library to be named in honor of alumnus and former faculty member Mark Hatfield were announced in the spring of 1985. Originally estimated to cost \$6.8 million, groundbreaking was on April 13, 1985, with Hatfield in attendance. On September 4, 1986, the new library building was dedicated in a ceremony featuring Hatfield, then Senator Bob Packwood, and then Librarian of Congress Daniel J. Boorstin. Then school president Jerry E. Hudson presided over the ceremony that had over 700 people in attendance.
All funds for the \$7.4 million library came from private donors that numbered over 1,300 companies, individuals, or non-profit organizations. Large donations came from the Fred Meyer Charitable Trust, the M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust, and The Collins Foundation. Construction was a part of a broader plan to open up the southern portion of the campus after railroad tracks were removed in 1981 and the Mill Race re-routed and landscaped.
The library lost a rare book in 1999 when a vandal used a razorblade to cut out the 30 pages of *The Old Days in and Near Salem, Oregon*. A limited edition art book, a replacement was donated to the school by the Oregon State Library. In 2002, the library received a \$500,000 grant from the Meyer Memorial Trust for the library\'s archives department.
| 825 |
Mark O. Hatfield Library
| 0 |
10,153,940 |
# Mark O. Hatfield Library
## Building
Located in the middle of Willamette\'s campus along the Mill Race, the Hatfield library was built in 1986 with the design by Theodore Wofford of MDWR Architects in St. Louis, Missouri. The building is two stories tall and has a total of 58000 sqft. Architectural plans allow for the addition of a third floor to the structure.
The library is a modern looking rectangular structure with orange brick and clear glass which is adjacent to Glenn Jackson Plaza and Hudson\'s Bay, with the Mill Race flowing by on the north side. The north and south faces are clear glass, while the other two sides are brick. The exterior walls taper slightly outward on the brick sides of the building. Bricks on these sides were laid horizontally, while the overhanging roof line contains bricks that were laid vertically. A glass-enclosed stairwell and the main entrance near the northwest corner are the only parts that jut out from the primarily rectangular building.
Inside, the Hatfield Library contains a 24-hour study area, private study rooms, a classroom, the university\'s archives, and listening rooms. On the main floor is the circulation desk, reference section, and work stations, among others. The building also holds a formal reception area, the Mark O. Hatfield Room, and the Hatfield archives that contain the former Senator\'s papers, both located on the second floor. Interior space was left mainly open to allow for flexibility with the evolving needs and technology of the library. Artist Dean Larson painted the portrait of Hatfield that hangs in the library.
Outside the library is a 61.75 ft tall steel and brick clock tower. The tower has one clock face on each of the four sides, a copper roof, and glass running down each side towards the 18 ton base. The glass consists of vertical panels created by taking strips of bent glass and weaving them together. There are inscriptions of various quotes in the exposed portions of the concrete on the tower. Lawrence Halperin was responsible for the landscaping designs of the library.
| 346 |
Mark O. Hatfield Library
| 1 |
10,153,940 |
# Mark O. Hatfield Library
## Operations
Hatfield Library is the main library on Willamette\'s campus, with the law school\'s library as the only other library at the school. The director of the library is Craig Milberg, who heads a staff of 18 employees, of which 10 are librarians. Regular circulation transactions totaled 14,158 in 2015, with an additional 1,923 in reference requests.
### Collections
The library contains over 390,000 volumes, more than 317,000 titles, and over 1,400 journal subscriptions. These collections include periodicals, books, newspapers, microforms, sound recordings, videos, government documents, CD-ROMS, and musical scores. As of 2006, this includes 365,609 volumes of books, past issues of periodicals, and other printed sources; 11,508 items in the audio visual collection; 5,147 subscriptions to periodicals; and 337,918 microforms. The library also offers access to electronic sources through FirstSearch, RLIN, OCLC, EPIC, and DIALOG among others. Additionally, university publications such as the yearbook (*The Wallulah*), the student newspaper (*Willamette Collegian*), school catalogs, the *Willamette Journal of the Liberal Arts*, and the *Willamette Scene* among others, are collected by the library. Hatfield Library is a member of [Orbis Cascade Alliance (Summit)](https://www.orbiscascade.org/) and the Northwest Association of Private Colleges and Universities (NAPCU) lending networks. These networks allow students to borrow additional materials from other member libraries and institutions from around the Pacific Northwest.
Hatfield Library also contains the Mark O. Hatfield Archives containing the papers, memorabilia, and books of the former United States Senator and Willamette alumni. The papers include those from his time in the Oregon legislature through his time in the Senate and after leaving the Senate. Hatfield\'s personal library is part of the regular library catalog, however the books are non-circulating. The rest of the collection is not open to the public, as Hatfield\'s archives will not become accessible until 20 years after his death. The library also contains the university\'s archives on the second floor. The climate-controlled archives are housed in a 1500 sqft area that includes offices for staff, including the school\'s official archivist.
Willamette\'s library was designated as a Federal Depository Library in 1969. It serves as the library for the 5th Congressional District population. The library selects around 20% of the documents available with areas of concentration in earth sciences, education, history, politics, economics, health, accounting, business, government, public policy, human resources, and others. Additionally, the university selects major items from the Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, the office of the President, and Congress. Other materials come from the Smithsonian Institution, the Small Business Administration, the Department of State, and the Department of Education to list a few.
## Namesake
The Mark O. Hatfield Library is named for the former Senator and Governor of Oregon, Mark Odom Hatfield. Hatfield was born west of Salem in Dallas, Oregon, in 1922 and graduated from Salem High School in 1940. He graduated from Willamette University in 1943 and joined the U.S. Navy to fight in World War II. After the war Hatfield obtained a graduate degree from Stanford University before returning to Willamette as a professor and then as a dean. During this time he also served in Oregon\'s legislature before becoming Oregon Secretary of State, and then in 1958 he was elected as Oregon\'s governor. In 1966, he was elected to the United States Senate and served there until his retirement in 1997. He died in 2011
| 559 |
Mark O. Hatfield Library
| 2 |
10,153,956 |
# Finland Davis Cup team
The **Finland men\'s national tennis team** represents Finland in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Suomen Tennisliitto.
## History
Finland competed in its first Davis Cup in 1928.
### 1920s
Year Competition Date Location Opponent Score Result
------ --------------------------- ------------ ---------------- ---------- ------- --------
1928 Europe Zone, First Round 4--6 May Zagreb (YUG) 1--4 Win
Europe Zone, Second Round 18--20 May Helsinki (FIN) 0--5 Loss
1929 Europe Zone, First round 4--7 May Helsinki (FIN) 1--4 Loss
### 1950s {#s_1}
Year Competition Date Location Opponent Score Result
------ --------------------------- ----------------- ------------------------- ---------- ------- --------
1950 Europe Zone, First Round 5--7 May Brussels (BEL) 4--1 Loss
1951 Europe Zone, First round 4--6 May Helsinki (FIN) 4--1 Loss
1952 Europe Zone, First Round 8--10 May Helsinki (FIN) 3--2 Loss
1953 Europe Zone, First Round 3--5 May Helsinki (FIN) 1--4 Won
Europe Zone, Second Round 23--25 May Helsinki (FIN) 5--0 Loss
1954 Europe Zone, First round 6--8 May Helsinki (FIN) 3--2 Loss
1955 Europe Zone, First round 29 April--1 May Vienna (AUT) 5--0 Loss
1956 Europe Zone, First round 27--30 April Dublin (IRL) 4--1 Loss
1957 *did not enter*
1958 Europe Zone, First round 25--27 April Mondorf-les-Bains (LUX) 0--5 Won
Europe Zone, Second Round 16--18 May Helsinki (FIN) 5--0 Loss
1959 Europe Zone, First round 1--3 May Helsinki (FIN) 5--0 Loss
### 1960s {#s_2}
Year Competition Date Location Opponent Score Result
------ ------------------------------------- ----------------- ------------------ ---------- ------- --------
1960 Europe Zone, First Round 29 April--1 May Helsinki (FIN) 5--0 Loss
1961 Europe Zone, First round 5--7 May Helsinki (FIN) 1--4 Won
Europe Zone, Second Round 1--3 June Helsinki (FIN) 4--1 Loss
1962 Europe Zone, First Round 4--6 May Beirut (LBN) 1--4 Won
Europe Zone, Second Round 18--20 May Helsinki (FIN) 5--0 Loss
1963 Europe Zone, First Round 3--5 May Helsinki (FIN) 5--0 Loss
1964 Europe Zone, First round 1--3 May Copenhagen (DEN) 0--5 Loss
1965 Europe Zone, First round 30 April--2 May Helsinki (FIN) 4--1 Loss
1966 Europe Zone, A Group, First round 29 April--1 May Helsinki (FIN) 4--1 Loss
1967 Europe Zone, A Group, First round 5--7 May Helsinki (FIN) 4--1 Loss
1968 Europe Zone, Group A, First round 3--5 May Helsinki (FIN) 1--4 Won
Europe Zone, Group A, Quarterfinals 23--25 May London (GBR) 5--0 Loss
1969 Europe Zone, Group A, First round 9--11 May Helsinki (FIN) 4--1 Loss
### 1970s {#s_3}
Year Competition Date Location Opponent Score Result
------ -------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ------------------------- ---------- ------- --------
1970 Europe Zone, B Group, First Round 22--24 May Helsinki (FIN) 4--1 Loss
1971 Europe Zone, A Group, First round 7--9 May Helsinki (FIN) 0--5 Won
Europe Zone, A Group, Quarterfinals 14--16 May Paris (FRA) 3--0 Loss
1972 Europe Zone, A Group, First Round 5--7 May Helsinki (FIN) 3--2 Loss
1973 Europe Zone, A Group, Pre-qualifying round 13--15 April Athens (GRE) 3--2 Loss
1974 Europe Zone, A Group, First round 19--21 April Helsinki (FIN) 0--5 Won
Europe Zone, A Group, Qualifying Round 10--12 May Scheveningen (NED) 4--1 Loss
1975 Europe Zone, B Group, First round 27--29 September 1974 Helsinki (FIN) 4--1 Loss
1976 Europe Zone, A Group, First round 26--28 September 1975 Copenhagen (DEN) 4--1 Loss
1977 Europe Zone, B Group, Pre-qualifying round 28--30 August 1976 Mondorf-les-Bains (LUX) 0--5 Won
Europe Zone, B Group, First Round 24--26 September 1976 Vienna (AUT) 5--0 Loss
1978 Europe Zone, Group A, First round 16--18 September 1977 Tel Aviv (ISR) 5--0 Loss
1979 Europe Zone, Group A, First round 15--17 September 1978 Helsinki (FIN) 0--5 Won
Europe Zone, Group A, Qualifying Round 16--18 March 1979 Warsaw (POL) 4--1 Loss
### 1980s {#s_4}
Year Competition Date Location Opponent Score Result
------ ------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------- --------
1980 Europe Zone, B Group, First Round 14--16 September 1979 Helsinki (FIN) 0--5 Won
Europe Zone, B Group, Qualifying Round 8--10 February 1980 Helsinki (FIN) 0--5 Won
Europe Zone, B Group, Quarterfinals 7--9 March Toulouse (FRA) 3--2 Loss
1981 Europe Zone, B Group, Quarterfinals 12--14 June Helsinki (FIN) 2--3 Won
Europe Zone, B Group, Semifinals 9--11 July Helsinki (FIN) 0--5 Loss
1982 Europe Zone, A Group, Quarterfinals 11--13 June Athens (GRE) 2--3 Won
Europe Zone, A Group, Semifinals 9--11 July Dublin (IRL) 4--1 Loss
1983 Europe Zone, B Group, Quarterfinals 10--12 June Sofia (BUL) 3--2 Loss
1984 Europe Zone, B Group, First round 4--6 May Casablanca (MAR) 0--5 Won
Europe Zone, B Group, Quarterfinals 15--17 June Dublin (IRL) 3--2 Loss
1985 Europe Zone, B Group, First round 10--12 May Hilversum (NED) 4--1 Loss
1986 Europe Zone, A Group, First round 23--25 May Warsaw (POL) 3--2 Loss
1987 Europe Zone, B Group, First round 8--10 May Helsinki (FIN) 0--5 Won
Europe Zone, B Group, Quarterfinals 12--14 June Helsinki (FIN) 5--0 Loss
1988 Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, First round 6--8 May Brussels (BEL) 1--4 Won
Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, Second Round 9--12 June Bristol (GBR) 3--1 Loss
1989 Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, First round 3--5 February Dublin (IRL) 0--5 Won
Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, Second Round 5--7 May Helsinki (FIN) 4--1 Loss
### 1990s {#s_5}
Year Competition Date Location Opponent Score Result
------ --------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ ----------------- ---------- ------- --------
1990 Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, First Round 2--4 February Lagos (NGA) 1--4 Won
Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, Second Round 4--6 May Aarhus (DEN) 2--3 Won
World Group qualifying round 21--23 September Västerås (SWE) 5--0 Loss
1991 Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, Second Round 3--5 May Helsinki (FIN) 3--2 Loss
1992 Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, First Round 31 January--2 February Oslo (NOR) 2--3 Won
Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, Second Round 1--3 May Helsinki (FIN) 4--1 Loss
1993 Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, First Round 26--28 March Budapest (HUN) 4--1 Loss
1994 Europe/Africa Zone, Group II, First round 29 April--1 May Helsinki (FIN) 1--4 Won
Europe/Africa Zone, Group II, Second round 15--17 July Ljubljana (SLO) 3--2 Loss
1995 Europe/Africa Zone, Group II, First round 28--30 April Abidjan (CIV) 2--3 Won
Europe/Africa Zone, Group II, Second round 14--16 July Tampere (FIN) 0--5 Won
Europe/Africa Zone, Group II, Third round 22--24 September Helsinki (FIN) 1--4 Won
1996 Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, Second Round 5--7 April Helsinki (FIN) 3--2 Loss
Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, relegation play-offs 20--22 September Harare (ZIM) 4--1 Loss
1997 Europe/Africa Zone, Group II, First round 2--4 May Helsinki (FIN) 2--3 Won
Europe/Africa Zone, Group II, Second round 11--13 July Tampere (FIN) 2--3 Won
Europe/Africa Zone, Group II, Third round 19--21 September Helsinki (FIN) 2--3 Won
1998 Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, First round 13--15 February Helsinki (FIN) 2--3 Won
Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, Second Round 3--5 April Helsinki (FIN) 3--2 Loss
1999 Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, Second round 2--4 April Helsinki (FIN) 2--3 Won
World Group qualifying round 24--26 September Sassari (ITA) 3--2 Loss
| 1,110 |
Finland Davis Cup team
| 0 |
10,153,956 |
# Finland Davis Cup team
## History
### 2000s {#s_6}
Year Competition Date Location Opponent Score Result
------ ---------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------------ ---------- ------- --------
2000 Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, Second Round 7--9 April Helsinki (FIN) 3--2 Loss
Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, relegation play-offs 6--8 October Helsinki (FIN) 1--4 Won
2001 Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, First Round 9--11 February Helsinki (FIN) 2--3 Won
Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, Second Round 6--8 April Helsinki (FIN) 3--2 Loss
2002 Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, Second Round 5--7 April Reggio Calabria (ITA) 1--4 Won
World Group qualifying round 20--22 September Turku (FIN) 4--1 Loss
2003 Europe/Africa Zone, Group I, Second Round 4--6 April St
| 108 |
Finland Davis Cup team
| 1 |
10,153,963 |
# Playacar
**Playacar** is an upscale resort area of Playa del Carmen.
Located in Playa del Carmen in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico in the municipality of Solidaridad, it is a gated community that has grown with Playa del Carmen, just south of its main urban area. Playacar is approximately a 40 minute drive from Cancun.
It is composed of 2 sections: the first one, Playacar Phase 1 offers by-the-sea secluded beaches and villas, very close to downtown Playa del Carmen. The second, Playacar Phase II, was built around a golf course designed by Robert von Hagge, and exposes all-inclusive resorts and private villas all around.
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
- In *I Love New York*, the section is used as a location for filming in the season finale
| 131 |
Playacar
| 0 |
10,153,967 |
# William Frederick Horry
**William Frederick Horry**, also known as **Fred Horry** (December 1843 -- 1 April 1872), was the first person to be hanged by Victorian hangman William Marwood, and the first to fall using the long drop method. He was hanged at Lincoln Castle, Lincoln, England on 1 April 1872, aged 28, for the murder of his wife, Jane Horry.
## Biography and crime {#biography_and_crime}
Horry was born in December 1843, in Boston, Lincolnshire, England. He married Jane in 1866 and they took over the George Hotel together in Burslem, Staffordshire, England. By September 1871, the two were estranged due to Horry\'s alcoholism and accusations of Jane\'s infidelity with customers. Jane went to live with Horry\'s father in Boston with their children whilst William stayed at the hotel.
William made attempts to visit his family but due to his abusive behaviour, he was barred from further visits. Unable to maintain the business on his own, he sold the hotel and moved to Nottingham. In 1872, William pleaded with his wife a final time to return to him with their children. After being unsuccessful, he travelled to Nottingham, purchased a revolver and ammunition before returning again to Boston to murder his wife.
## Trial and execution {#trial_and_execution}
At his trial on 31 March 1872, he pleaded insanity but the prosecution successfully argued that the crime was premeditated. He was sentenced to death by hanging the following day.
William refused all appeals and was executed by William Marwood on 1 April. William Marwood had never hanged anyone before, but persuaded the authorities in Lincoln to allow him to try a new \"long drop\" method. The long drop method is designed to snap the condemned person\'s neck instantly, causing unconsciousness and eventually asphyxiation. It was considered a more humane method than the existing short drop method that had been used for centuries. The execution went without any complications and Marwood went on to hang 176 people.
A memorial to William Frederick Horry exists in Burslem, Staffordshire consisting of a granite obelisk. William is buried in a simple grave in the Lucy Tower of Lincoln Castle. The grave (featuring only the initials of the condemned and the date of death) is well preserved and is still visible, along with many other criminals\' graves.
The name Horry is still common in the Lincolnshire area, but William\'s particular line apparently died out following the First World War
| 403 |
William Frederick Horry
| 0 |
10,153,969 |
# Florynka
**Florynka** `{{IPAc-pl||f|l|o|'|r|y|N|k|a}}`{=mediawiki} (*Фльоринка*, *Fliorynka*) is a village in southern Poland, in the commune of Grybów, Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship.`{{TERYT}}`{=mediawiki} It lies approximately 7 km south of Grybów, 22 km east of Nowy Sącz, and 93 km south-east of the regional capital Kraków.
## History
- 1785 -- 745 Greek Catholics, 10 Roman Catholics, the village lands comprised 20.22 km^2^
- 1840 -- 992 Greek Catholics
- 1859 -- 1205 Greek Catholics
- 1879 -- 928 Greek Catholics
- 1899 -- 1150 Greek Catholics
- 1926 -- 1108 Greek Catholics
- 1936 -- 228 Greek Catholics -- village switched to Orthodoxy, afterwards there were 1246 Orthodox, 57 Roman Catholics and 37 Jews
Florynka was the place of origin of the short-lived Lemko-Rusyn Republic from 1918 to 1920. The village was incorporated into the Lemko Apostolic Administration in 1934.
The Lemko inhabitants of the village were removed in Operation Vistula in 1947, and scattered to 30 different villages in 6 counties.
## Church
The Saint Michael Church was built in 1875 and survived to this day. The village Vafka 3 km away was served by the priest Florynka
| 190 |
Florynka
| 0 |
10,153,973 |
# Polycaste
**Polycaste** (`{{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|ɒ|l|ɪ|ˈ|k|æ|s|t|i}}`{=mediawiki}; Ancient Greek: Πολυκάστη) is the name of several different women in Greek mythology:
- Polycaste, a princess of Pylos and daughter of King Nestor and Eurydice (or Anaxibia). She was sister to Thrasymedes, Peisistratus, Pisidice, Perseus, Stratichus, Aretus, Echephron and Antilochus. Polycaste bathed Telemachus on his way to Pylos and later married him. They had a son, Persepolis.
- Polycaste, daughter of Lygaeus. She was married to Icarius, by whom she became the mother of Penelope, Alyzeus and Leucadius.
- Polycaste, sister of Daedalus and the mother of Perdix. Because her brother killed her son, she laughed with joy when she saw Icarus (Daedalus\' own son) fall into the sea and drown when he had flown too close to the sun
| 125 |
Polycaste
| 0 |
10,153,979 |
# History of television in Atlanta
This article is intended to give an overview of the **History of television in Atlanta**.
## Pre-history of Atlanta TV {#pre_history_of_atlanta_tv}
Atlanta television had its roots in *Atlanta Journal* (now *Atlanta Journal-Constitution*)-owned radio station WSB-AM. The *Journal* had launched the south\'s first radio station, WSB AM (\"Welcome South Brother\"), on 740 kHz (now 750) on March 15, 1922. In the late 1920s, the *Journal* experimented with a mechanical version of television, but eventually abandoned it. The earliest experiments with television involved a spinning disc with multiple holes in it, which provided 'movement\' on a projected surface.
## Early stations {#early_stations}
### WSB, channel 8 {#wsb_channel_8}
Television finally came to Atlanta-area and northern- and upper central-Georgia viewers on September 29, 1948 (called \"T-Day\" by the *Journal*) with the debut of WSB-TV, broadcasting on VHF channel 8. The newspaper led up to the TV station\'s launch, with front-page countdowns designed to boost excitement and sell TV sets. The inaugural WSB-TV program, which began with a recording of \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" and a close-up shot of a tiny American flag waving in the wind powered by an electric fan, featured announcer John Cone (\"WSB-TV is on the air!\"), newscaster Jimmy Bridges, and a host of local dignitaries.
WSB-TV originally broadcast from the Biltmore Hotel. They moved to a building at 1601 West Peachtree Street, about two miles (3 km) north on Peachtree Street in 1956. The building, designed to look like a southern mansion, was christened \"White Columns\".
WSB-TV, in its abbreviated 4 p.m. to 10 p.m. broadcast day, aired a mix of kinescopes (film copies) which might arrive three days late from the NBC television network (WSB-AM had been a longtime NBC radio network affiliate, and most of the new television equipment was from NBC\'s corporate cousin, RCA), Atlanta Crackers baseball remote broadcasts from the club\'s stadium on Ponce de Leon Avenue, local news, and kids shows (*Woody Willow*, a marionette show featuring several stringed characters created and performed by Don and Ruth Gilpin, and a show featuring a man who built toys). A great many old movies were shown, and the station employed a unique censorship system in which monitors actually cut bits from film that were deemed \"not family material\" before broadcast. This was a slow and tedious process, handled by two women with scissors, and they usually removed any hint of unsavory language and even scenes in which a man and a woman (even married couples) might be seen in or on a bed.
An early unique use of television occurred when a system-wide transit strike crippled the city and downtown commerce suffered, in an era before shopping malls had been developed in the suburban areas. WSB-TV broadcast, for a time, a daily four-hour \"infomercial\" (to use the modern term) for Rich\'s department store, which was affected economically when shoppers could not travel via bus to its downtown location.
In its earliest days, the station aired a test pattern for many hours each day, ostensibly to let people align their new-fangled television sets. It served, however, as extremely cheap \"programming\" which allowed an audience to gather as someone showed off his or her new set to his or her envious friends. The test pattern, in black and white, featured multiple shades of grey and a large picture of a Native American (the ubiquitous and now-classic Indian Head test card). Early employee Mike McDougald recounted, \"I would drive from WSB-AM to WSB-TV and see people congregated outside the store windows watching the test pattern. They were fascinated by it.\" Virtually all employees of the new WSB-TV were \"imports\" from the radio station, leaving the radio side somewhat hampered by the loss of talent. WSB-AM continued to thrive, however, and actually supported the new television venture for several years until television moved into the \"black\".
### WAGA-TV, channel 5 {#waga_tv_channel_5}
Crosstown radio station WAGA-AM (now WYZE, 1480 AM), owned by The Fort Industries (later renamed \"Storer Broadcasting\"), launched a station on channel 5 in the fall of 1949, taking CBS, DuMont and occasionally, ABC shows. The new television operation was squeezed into a converted residential house on Peachtree Street, with a tall tower built in the backyard of the property. WAGA-TV\'s mascot, owned by the station\'s janitor, was a (real) Yorkshire terrier named \"Waga\".
In addition to CBS shows, WAGA aired a daily hillbilly music show with local personality Jon Farmer, Atlanta Crackers baseball (taken from WSB and later lost to newcomer WLW-A), interview shows featuring politicians like Senator Herman Talmadge and local newscasts featuring a newsreader sitting at a modest desk with a world map on the wall behind.
### The proposed WCON-TV {#the_proposed_wcon_tv}
WSB-TV and WAGA-TV served Atlanta for two years before a third station arrived. In March 1950, the Cox-owned *Atlanta Journal* and its crosstown rival, the *Atlanta Constitution,* merged. The *Constitution* owned a construction permit for a proposed WCON-TV on the more desirable channel 2 (reaching a larger broadcast range due to lower frequency), which was to have been the city\'s full-time ABC network station. With the merger, WSB-TV instead moved to channel 2 amid great publicity. WCON-TV thus never opened for business, and its sister radio station, WCON AM 550, was reassigned to nearby Gainesville, Georgia, where it is now WDUN.
| 881 |
History of television in Atlanta
| 0 |
10,153,979 |
# History of television in Atlanta
## Early stations {#early_stations}
### WLTV, channel 8 {#wltv_channel_8}
WSB-TV\'s move to channel 2 opened an opportunity for a new station to operate on channel 8. In 1951, a group of Atlanta businessmen, including an executive from the local Davison\'s department store chain, pooled their capital and launched WLTV as Atlanta\'s first full-time ABC affiliate. WLTV\'s studios were installed in a small building directly behind WSB-TV\'s property, because that allowed the station to utilize WSB\'s old channel 8 transmitting tower. WLTV operated on a very tight budget and offered a smattering of local programming like cooking and fashion shows, \"rip-and-read\" local news coverage, and a show featuring the city\'s famous mayor, William B. Hartsfield, who answered viewer mail on his program. The station also offered the first \"all Negro\" program in Atlanta, a Saturday evening variety show.
### WQXI, channel 36 {#wqxi_channel_36}
In late 1953, eager entrepreneurs around the country were constructing UHF TV stations to meet the demand of television-hungry viewers. Southeast radio group owner Robert Rounsaville opened a UHF station off Atlanta\'s Peachtree Street in the same restored house where his \"good music\" station, WQXI AM 790, operated. An employee remembered that the station owned a huge, lumbering TV camera that had to be transported from room to room within the building to broadcast local talk shows. The AM station promoted the TV station incessantly, but the September 1953 beginning was met with indifference from Atlantans. Without much in the way of programming apart from old movies, an occasional show from the crumbling DuMont network, and a local Saturday night \"Barn Dance,\" there was little incentive for viewers to spend approximately \$40 for a UHF converter. As such, WQXI-TV survived about nine months.
### WETV, channel 47, Macon {#wetv_channel_47_macon}
While not an Atlanta station, Macon\'s first TV outlet received little attention from viewers or the press. In 1954, competing Macon AM radio stations WBML and WNEX pooled money, along with Macon businessman William Fickling, (later a healthcare tycoon) and launched WETV on channel 47. The NBC affiliate pre-dated the market\'s dominant CBS affiliate WMAZ, channel 13, by several months. As in Atlanta and other cities, few viewers were willing to pay extra for the special receiver needed to watch the UHF station, and after several shakeups (where channel 47 became WNEX-TV and then WOKA), it ceased operations. WMAZ would then become the central Georgia region\'s sole commercial television outlet for over a dozen years, until NBC returned in 1968 on another UHF station, WCWB-TV (now WMGT-TV) on channel 41. By that time, television manufacturers had been required by the Federal Communications Commission (under the All-Channel Receiver Act) to enable sets to receive UHF channels, without special external equipment.
### WLWA, channels 8/11 {#wlwa_channels_811}
In 1953, Cincinnati-based Crosley Broadcasting Corporation purchased WLTV (channel 8), providing a much-needed infusion of capital and a new name, \"WLW-A\", in keeping with the company\'s WLW group branding for its stations in Indiana and Ohio. Among the personalities from WLW-A\'s early days: Dick Van Dyke, who hosted a twice-daily lip synch show where he and Phil Erickson (together known as The Merry Mutes), along with a female partner, mouthed the lyrics to hit records. WLW-A continued to operate in the shadow of WSB-TV, both physically and in the minds of 1950s viewers. It wasn\'t until ABC began to get ratings traction with its late-1950s Warner Bros. Western shows that the station came of age.
### WROM-TV, channel 9, Rome {#wrom_tv_channel_9_rome}
Two months after Crosley set up shop in Atlanta, up the road, about 50 mi to the northwest, the owners of a local AM radio station in Rome decided to get into television.
WROM AM operated WROM-TV, channel 9, from 1953 until 1958, branding it \"Dixie\'s Largest Independent.\" The station ran a late-afternoon and prime-time schedule of old movies, \"hillbilly\" music performances (which were common on Southern TV stations in the 1950s and 1960s) and occasionally, ABC-TV network fare such as *Omnibus.*
WROM\'s beginning, and its subsequent move to Chattanooga years later, changed Atlanta TV history and caused a fruit-basket turnover of Southeastern U.S. TV frequencies. As soon as channel 9 in Rome and channel 8 in Atlanta began operating simultaneously, viewers in northwestern Atlanta and in northwestern Georgia to the south of Rome began experiencing trouble tuning in either station. Crosley also wanted to increase transmitting power at its new station, which necessitated a change to present-day channel 11 (now WXIA-TV).
By 1958, WROM\'s owners were making moves to cash in on their investment. The station began carrying a full prime-time slate of ABC network programs, overlapping programming with WLWA.
In 1959, WROM\'s owners accepted an offer to sell their TV outlet to Martin Theaters, (reportedly for one million dollars) the company that also purchased Columbus, Georgia\'s WDAK-TV. Chattanooga had only two VHF stations at the time, WRGP (now WRCB)-TV, channel 3, (NBC) and pioneer broadcasting outlet WDEF-TV, channel 12 (CBS). Chattanooga offered channel 9\'s investors a better economic model than Rome, so the station moved and became Chattanooga ABC affiliate WTVC. That move 60 miles to the north opened opportunities for other television broadcasters within the state of Georgia.
| 863 |
History of television in Atlanta
| 1 |
10,153,979 |
# History of television in Atlanta
## Frequency changes {#frequency_changes}
Atlanta regained channel 8 as an available frequency, though it was reclassified as a non-commercial educational facility, clearing the way for the University of Georgia\'s Athens-based station, WGTV (which, years later, relocated to its transmitter and tower to Stone Mountain to better serve Atlanta as part of Georgia Public Broadcasting\'s state network). Columbus, Georgia\'s NBC affiliate, WDAK-TV, channel 28, was able to move to VHF channel 9 (now WTVM, an ABC affiliate), while Dothan, Alabama\'s CBS affiliate, WTVY, moved from channel 9 to the more powerful (and thus desirable) channel 4, and Columbus\' CBS affiliate, WRBL, moved from channel 4 over to channel 3.
Ironically, Rome partially lost a second television frequency 40 years later, when UHF station channel 14 moved east to Bear Mountain near Waleska and Canton (north of Atlanta) after several years of operation. Though a strong radio market covering most of northwestern Georgia, the Rome metro area simply could not support television capable of competing with Chattanooga and Atlanta, both just 60 miles (100 km) distant north and southeast. Rome still remain\'s the city of license for the station, however, and it is one of two full-power TV stations having a northwest Georgia city of license, along with GPB\'s WCLP-TV 18 (now WNGH-TV 18.*x*, on RF channel 33) in Fort Mountain State Park near Chatsworth.
### Digital changes {#digital_changes}
Since prior to the 2009 digital-only TV mandate, all local TV stations except WGTV 8 transmit digitally on channels other than their analog ones, with TV channels from 52 to 69 (the 700 MHz band) being taken mostly for 4G LTE mobile phones in a large spectrum auction (FCC auction 73). (WGCL-TV 46 remained on for another month as the designated \"nightlight\" station, WUVM-LP 4 and WTBS-LP 6 continue in analog `{{as of|2017|April|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}.)
Unlike other major media markets, no Atlanta TV stations will be taken off the air due to the 600MHz auction which ended in early 2017, but UHF channels 38 to 51 are being taken away, which will result in a \"repack\" of at least half of the local stations onto low UHF channels 14 to 36 in late summer 2019, and WGTV from 8 to 7 in 2020. All stations will still retain their historic channel numbers through the use of virtual channels, but re-scanning of TV tuners will be required after the changes.
WUVG will move from 48 to 18, WUPA from 43 to 36, WSB from 39 to 32, WIRE from 40 to 33, WKTB from 47 to 23, WATC from 41 to 34, WHSG from 44 to 22, and WSKC from 22 to 14. Also included in the same fifth nationwide round of channel repacking, WANN, WPCH, WPXA, and WYGA will do a four-way frequency swap, moving from physical channels 29, 20, 31, and 16 to channels 20, 31, 16, and 29, respectively, in order to make room on those channels for stations in adjacent TV markets and avoid co-channel interference with them. No local stations are moving to VHF channels 2 to 13, but WGTV will change from 8 to 7 In the final repacking round in 2020. No Atlanta-market stations are channel sharing or going off-air due to the reverse auction 1000, but two nearby GPB stations won bids to move from UHF to VHF: WNGH-TV and WJSP-TV
| 559 |
History of television in Atlanta
| 2 |
10,153,999 |
# Greece Davis Cup team
The **Greece men\'s national tennis team** represents Greece in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Hellenic Tennis Federation.
Greece currently compete in Europe Zone Group III. They have never competed in the World Group, but reached the European Zone quarterfinals three times.
## Current team (2022) {#current_team_2022}
- Stefanos Tsitsipas
- Michail Pervolarakis
- Petros Tsitsipas
- Aristotelis Thanos
- Alexandros Skorilas
## History
Greece competed in its first Davis Cup in 1927. Some of their present and past players include Solon Peppas, Konstantinos Economidis, Alex Jakupovic, Anastasios Bavelas, Vasilis Mazarakis, George Kalovelonis, and Paris Gemouchidis
| 104 |
Greece Davis Cup team
| 0 |
10,154,004 |
# Harbin University of Science and Technology
The **Harbin University of Science and Technology** (**HRBUST**; `{{zh|s=哈尔滨理工大学|t=|p=}}`{=mediawiki}) is a provincial public university in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. The university is affiliated with the Province of Heilongjiang, and co-sponsored by the provincial government and SASTIND.
The university was established in 1995 by the merger of Harbin Science and Technology University, Harbin Electrical Engineering College, and Harbin Industrial Higher Vocational School.
It has four campuses: East Campus, West Campus, South Campus, and North Campus in three districts: Daoli, Nangang, and Xiangfang, covering over 1,275,000 m^2^, with a total building area of more than 850,000 m^2^, its fixed assets being ¥1.032 billion RMB. The library has a collection of 2.075 million books and about 4,900 Chinese and foreign journals and periodicals
| 126 |
Harbin University of Science and Technology
| 0 |
10,154,024 |
# Estratetraenol
**Estratetraenol**, also known as **estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3-ol**, is an endogenous steroid found in women that has been described as having pheromone-like activities in primates, including humans. Estratetraenol is synthesized from androstadienone by aromatase likely in the ovaries, and is related to the estrogen sex hormones, yet has no known estrogenic effects. It was first identified from the urine of pregnant women.
Estratetraenyl acetate, or estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3-yl acetate, is a more potent synthetic derivative of estratetraenol.
Estratetraenol is an estrane (C18) steroid and an analogue of estradiol where the C17β hydroxyl group has been removed and a double bond has been formed between the C16 and C17 positions.
## Experiments
Experiments performed have indicated a correlation between estratetraenol and the ability to attract cooperative mates. The hormone sends olfactory signals of high fertility in pregnant and ovulating women that presents and highlights attractive qualities in those women to potential mates. These interactions between the hormone signals and males showed an increased cooperation and compassion from males to the pregnant female.
Another study shows that the hormone can have an effect on how a male will approach the pursuance of a female by altering the level of sexual cognition and behavior. While the hormone increases the attractions of males to females, studies also show that it does not have an effect on the impulsive sexual nature of men when it relates to sexual desire and delayed gratification
| 234 |
Estratetraenol
| 0 |
10,154,034 |
# Latvia Davis Cup team
The **Latvia men\'s national tennis team** represents Latvia in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Latvian Tennis Union. Team is coached by Ģirts Dzelde.
Latvia after winning tie against Slovenia returned to the Europe/Africa Zone of Group I. They previously played in the Group I 2008.
## History
Latvia competed in its first Davis Cup in 1993 following the country finally winning its freedom from Soviet occupation. Before independence, Latvian players represented their occupier.
## Current team (2022) {#current_team_2022}
- Ernests Gulbis
- Robert Strombachs
- Kārlis Ozoliņš
- Daniels Tens (*Junior player*)
- Miķelis Lībietis (*Doubles player*)
## Former players {#former_players}
DateFormat=dd/mm/yyyy Define \$now = 31/12/2016 \# Please keep updated
Period = from:01/01/1993 till:\$now Define \$skip = at:end \# Force a blank line Define \$dayunknown = 15 \# what day to use if it\'s actually not known ImageSize= width:800 height:auto barincrement:23 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal PlotArea = right:5 left:20 bottom:75 top:5 Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:1
Colors =
` id:bg value:white`\
` id:blu value:skyblue legend:Davis`\
` id:lighttext value:rgb(0.6,0.6,0.6)`\
` id:lightline value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0
| 179 |
Latvia Davis Cup team
| 0 |
10,154,069 |
# Osthoff
**Osthoff** is a surname
| 6 |
Osthoff
| 0 |
10,154,086 |
# Monaco Davis Cup team
The **Monaco men\'s national tennis team** represents Monaco in the Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Fédération Monegasque de Lawn Tennis.
Monaco currently compete in World Group II. The team reached the top-8 in the European Zone in 1972, which is still their best result in the Davis Cup.
## History
Monaco competed in its first Davis Cup in 1929
| 68 |
Monaco Davis Cup team
| 0 |
10,154,110 |
# Notorious (novel)
***Notorious*** is the second book in The It Girl series, released in 2006. It was written by a ghostwriter with suggestions from Cecily von Ziegesar. Aimed toward young adults, it is a spin-off from the bestselling *Gossip Girl* series.
## Synopsis
After a long summer, Tinsley Carmichael returns to Waverly Academy, hoping to regain her place as the \"It Girl\". However, she receives a rude shock when she discovers that Jenny Humphrey is living in her old room, and upon their introduction, Tinsley immediately dislikes her. Despite her hopes, her friendship with Callie Vernon and Brett Messerschmidt is no longer what it used to be.
Tinsley hears rumours about Brett and the young new teacher Eric Dalton, and decides to meet him. She seduces him almost immediately. She also starts a new \"club\", called Cafe Society, of which Brett and Jenny are, at first, a part. Tinsley soon kicks Jenny out because of rumours of her and Easy Walsh, which Jenny denies, but Tinsley then confirms when she sees them sneaking around together. She also kicks Brett out, because she believes she is a traitor in siding with Jenny, and also because she enjoys taunting Brett.
Torn between a relationship with Easy and school popularity, Jenny kisses a pizza delivery boy, Angelo, at a Cafe Society meeting to fit in with the other members. Ultimately, she chooses Easy, which generates ire from Callie. However, early in the relationship Easy hears rumours about Jenny\'s infidelity, causing him to end the relationship before it really begins.
Callie is still having problems coping with her now-dead relationship with Easy. She suspects Jenny has feelings for him as well, and may be trying to steal him. This causes a major strain on her newly formed, tentative friendship with Jenny. Callie easily picks up her old friendship with Tinsley after a few awkward days and a couple of much-needed explanations. After Easy breaks up with Callie in favour of Jenny, she and Tinsely vow revenge on the new couple.
Brett gains a new best friend in Jenny, as well as a new enemy in her old friend Tinsley. She becomes heartbroken when Eric breaks up with her, and is furious when she finds out he is now in a relationship with Tinsley. With Easy\'s assistance, she takes Dalton down by getting him fired for accounts of drug possession. Eventually, she gets back with Jeremiah, her ex-boyfriend from St. Lucius, after Jenny leaves a message on his phone about how much Brett is still in love with him.
Jeremiah plays the message for Easy when they are at a Café Society overnight trip in Boston, and both of them leave immediately for their girls back home at Waverly.
Brandon Buchanan still has feelings for Callie and thinks he has a chance when Easy breaks up with her. However, Callie doesn\'t want to be with him, even if she (drunkenly) kissed him good night on the way to her dorm. He drags along to the Boston trip to keep an eye on her and she loudly and drunkenly tells him off in front of everyone.
The perpetually horny Heath Ferro gets caught with Tinsley and Callie, the three almost naked, on the balcony of their Boston hotel room by the dean of Waverly, who is in the next room over with his equally married co-worker. An awkward conversation ensues, in which the dean tells the three to get back to Waverly in two hours or else.
When Callie and Tinsley arrive late, thanks to Callie\'s hungover vomiting attack, Dean Marymount decides to split up the girls of Dumbarton 303, moving Tinsley and her ex-best friend Brett downstairs and keeping Callie and her most hated enemy Jenny in their current room
| 626 |
Notorious (novel)
| 0 |
10,154,121 |
# Gary Worthan
**Gary Worthan** (born January 11, 1954) is a former Iowa State Representative from the 11th District. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2007 to 2023, having won a December 13, 2006 special election to replace the deceased Mary Lou Freeman, who had run unopposed in the general election. Smith was born and lives in Storm Lake, Iowa. He has an A.A. in farm operations from Iowa State University.
, Worthan serves on several committees in the Iowa House -- the Appropriations committee, the Judiciary committee, the Public Safety committee, and the Veterans Affairs committee. He also serves as chair of the Justice System Appropriations Subcommittee.
In 2018, he was instrumental in killing a pilot program that aimed to limit the number of people awaiting trial in jail because they cannot afford bail. Worthan was chairman of the subcommittee that oversaw the judicial budget; the editorial board of the *Des Moines Register*, which called the pilot program a \"worthwhile experiment in criminal justice reform\" criticized Worthan for scrapping the program only weeks before the end of a legislative session (\"a time-honored method for legislators and lobbyists to try to slip provisions into law with little notice or public scrutiny\"), and the lawmakers for protecting \"special interests\". On August 30, 2019, CNN reported that Josh Lederman, a co owner of Lederman Bail Bonds, had made significant donations to Worthan\'s Campaign, alongside donations to other Iowa Republicans.
In April 2019, Worthan proposed legislation that would curtail the powers of the Iowa Attorney General to limit the office\'s ability to take part in lawsuits. Tom Miller, the Democratic Attorney General, had joined six lawsuits against Trump administration policies, such as the family separation policy
| 286 |
Gary Worthan
| 0 |
10,154,125 |
# Len Reid
**Leonard Stanley Reid**, `{{postnominals|country=AUS|size=100%|DFC}}`{=mediawiki} (21 September 1916 -- 22 April 2003) was an Australian fighter pilot and politician who represented the Liberal Party as a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly and the Australian House of Representatives.
Reid served as a fighter pilot in both the Royal Australian Air Force and on attachment to the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross on 4 December 1942. After the war, he ran a dairy farm in Cranbourne, Victoria before being elected to the Electoral district of Dandenong at the 1958 Victorian state election. Reid served as the member for Dandenong for 11 years, before resigning his seat to contest the newly created federal Division of Holt, which covered much of the same area as Dandenong, at the 1969 federal election.`{{Dead link|date=October 2023}}`{=mediawiki} Reid won narrowly, but was defeated at the 1972 federal election partly due to the swing that ousted the McMahon government and partly due to demographic changes which saw Dandenong develop as a major industrial centre.
Whilst a member of the lower house he crossed the floor and voted with the Labor Party or abstained from voting.
Reid was avidly connected with people who were marginalised in society and actively concentrated on the poor in India and Bangladesh. His publications included *Crusade against Death*. He was one of the founders of the charity \"For Those Who Have Less\", now part of \"Action Aid Australia\".
In 1946, Reid married Joan Averill Swallow, daughter of Leonard Swallow and Dorothy Comyn, the niece of Hugh Comyn and William Leslie Comyn. Reid and his wife had two children, Virginia and Roger
| 279 |
Len Reid
| 0 |
10,154,133 |
# Reckless (von Ziegesar novel)
***Reckless*** is the third book in The It Girl series by the German-American author Cecily von Ziegesar. The series is ghostwritten, although the original idea stemmed from Ziegesar. The series, aimed toward young adults and is a spin-off of the bestselling *Gossip Girl* series. It was released in 2006 by Little, Brown.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
As punishment for being off-campus and having a party, the girls are split into separate rooms: Callie and Jenny are kept in their original room while Tinsley and Brett move to another. They spend most of their time and energy avoiding each other.
Callie tries to deal with her breakup but is surprised when Easy asks her to go to dinner with him and his father during Trustee\'s Weekend. Callie accepts his invitation but wonders if it means Easy is having second thoughts about their breakup.
On the other hand, Jenny is unaware of Easy\'s action and continues to spend time with Brett, who loses her virginity to her boyfriend, Jeremiah Mortimer, during Trustee\'s Weekend after a big football game for St. Lucius.
However, Tinsley helps Heath Ferro and the new freshman, Julian, hide kegs of beer on the roof of the Dumbarton dorm and under the bed of a quiet girl who lives in a single known as The Girl in Black. After the boys leave, Tinsley throws an all-girls party on the roof for all Dumbarton residents (excluding Brett and Jenny). Unfortunately, a staff member passing by hears the girls on the roof and attempts to stop it. All the girls quickly hide in their respective rooms. Due to the Trustee Weekend event, the administration does not want to draw too much attention to the incident, so the punishment is light---all Dumbarton residents are under lockdown for the weekend. No one can enter or leave the dorm, thus ruining Brett\'s plans with Jeremiah.
Upon hearing this, the guys of Waverly decide to make history by sneaking into Dumbarton while it is still on lockdown through secret tunnels built during the Cold War. Led by Heath Ferro, Easy Walsh, Brandon Buchanan, Alan St. Girard, Jeremiah Mortimer, and Julian McCafferty, they make it to Dumbarton unseen by the administration. Upon arrival, they break out the kegs stored under The Girl in Black\'s room, who turns out to be Kara Whalen, a previously chubby girl who was teased mercilessly by Heath Ferro during her freshman year. In the spirit of generosity, Tinsley suggests that the girls of Dumbarton open their closets to the other residents so everyone can borrow each other\'s clothes. On a hunt for the hottest threads, Tinsley checks on the kegs in Kara\'s room and discovers Kara has a fantastic wardrobe, thanks to her designer mother. She offers to help Kara with her makeup but quickly forgets as the party begins. Jenny and Easy are reunited at the party, but he still does not mention his dinner with his father and Callie from the previous night. Jenny leaves him in her room to grab drinks, but rumors quickly spread that a teacher is roaming the hallways. He hides in the closet but is found by Callie, who joins him. After she does so, the two begin to kiss, but Easy realizes he has strong feelings for Jenny. However, he is confused about why he is still attracted to Callie.
Jenny, in the meanwhile, gets pulled into Kara\'s room after the rumors of a teacher in Dumbarton reach her. Kara and Jenny become fast friends and begin to chat when they are interrupted by Heath Ferro, who is also looking for a hiding place. Heath is immediately attracted to Kara and does not recognize her as \'The Whale,\' the nickname he gave her freshman year, and attempts to pick her up. Kara, however, is unimpressed and throws her mug of beer into Heath\'s face, making her one of the coolest chicks at the party.
Unaware of the rumors about a teacher, Brandon bumps into Elizabeth Jacobs, a girl from St. Lucius. It quickly becomes apparent that the rumors about a teacher are about Elizabeth, who has followed Jeremiah from St. Lucius. Brandon and Elizabeth quickly bond as they go around the rooms and coax the residents to continue partying as there is no threat of a teacher.
Brett and Jeremiah quickly find each other at the beginning of the party and are about to have sex when they are interrupted by Tinsley, who announces that a game of \'I Never\' is starting in the common room. Deciding to forgo sex for a more romantic occasion, Jeremiah and Brett agree to join the game. During the game, Yvonne Stidder starts by saying that she has never had sex before. The people who have done it quickly do a shot, led by Heath Ferro. Surprisingly, Jeremiah and Elizabeth each do a shot, which causes Brett and Jeremiah to break up. Shockingly, Tinsley, who has implied that she has had sex multiple times, does not take a shot (thus revealing she is a virgin), which prompts accusations from her friends that she is a liar. Unwilling to be thrown into the spotlight for the wrong reasons, Tinsley announces in front of everybody that Easy took Callie to the Trustee Dinner instead of Jenny, which prompts Jenny to flee the room. Callie becomes angry at Tinsley for revealing such a big secret in front of everyone, even though she hoped it would cause Easy and Jenny to break up, and reconciles with Brett, who is with Kara, comforting Jenny. To Callie\'s surprise, Jenny forgives her, and both girls await Easy\'s next move.
After the game, the party slows considerably as the partygoers gossip about the recent events. During this, Elizabeth and Brandon sneak off to the tunnels and make out, which makes Brandon believe that he is finally over Callie
| 978 |
Reckless (von Ziegesar novel)
| 0 |
10,154,158 |
# Nigeria Davis Cup team
The **Nigeria men\'s national tennis team** represents Nigeria in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Nigeria Tennis Federation.
Nigeria currently compete in Africa Zone Group III. They reached the Group I semifinals in 1988 and 1989.
## History
Nigeria competed in its first Davis Cup in 1974
| 55 |
Nigeria Davis Cup team
| 0 |
10,154,159 |
# Androstadienone
**Androstadienone**, or **androsta-4,16-dien-3-one**, is a 16-androstene class endogenous steroid that has been described as having potent pheromone-like activities in humans. The compound is synthesized from androstadienol by 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and can be converted into androstenone (a more potent and odorous pheromone) by 5α-reductase, which can subsequently be converted into 3α-androstenol or 3β-androstenol (also more potent and odorous pheromones) by 3-ketosteroid reductase.
Androstadienone is related to the androgen sex hormones; however, androstadienone does not exhibit any androgenic or anabolic effects. Though it has been reported to significantly affect the mood of heterosexual women and homosexual men, it does not alter behavior overtly, although it may have more subtle effects on attention.
Androstadienone is commonly sold in male fragrances; it is purported to increase sexual attraction. Androstadienone, in picogram quantities, has been shown to have \"significant reduction of nervousness, tension and other negative feeling states\" in female subjects
| 148 |
Androstadienone
| 0 |
10,154,170 |
# Unforgettable (novel)
***Unforgettable*** is the fourth book in *The It Girl* series, released in 2007. It was written by a ghostwriter with suggestions from Cecily von Ziegesar. Aimed toward young adults, it is a spin-off from the bestselling *Gossip Girl* series.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
Easy Walsh, who is split between Jenny Humphrey and Callie Vernon, decides to go after Callie. In front of the entire school, Jenny and Callie resolve to prioritize their friendship over their relationship with Easy.
After splitting with Jeremiah, Brett Messerschmidt is still hurt, and she subsequently develops an unexpected friendship with Kara Whalen. Brett had to bribe Heath with explicit photos of her and Kara in order to keep their relationship secret after confiding in the seasoned gossip Heath Ferro. The three consequently grow close.
Julian McCafferty, a freshman, hooks up with Tinsley Carmichael. But Tinsley notices that Julian is becoming more and more aloof, and she finds it hard to believe he could be getting tired of her.
After letting go of his affections for Callie and Jennie, Brandon Buchanan develops feelings for Elizabeth, a distinct and vivacious student at Jeremiah\'s school. To Brandon\'s dismay, Elizabeth wants to be free to visit other people and is terrified of becoming committed. When Brandon observes Elizabeth making out with another man at a party that Tinsley is throwing, he concludes that he cannot be in a committed relationship with her.
Easy proclaims his love for Callie, and they sleep together in a barn while the party rages on. Jenny walks in on them and runs out of the barn before they see her, later finding Julian behind it. They talk and realize their feelings for each other, finally kissing. A fire, started in the barn by Tinsley throwing Julian\'s lighter away, interrupts the two. In the aftermath of the party, rumors regarding the start of the fire abound. When Jenny confronts Callie about what she saw, they both accuse each other of starting the fire.
Brett and Kara\'s secret relationship is exposed when an intoxicated Callie lets the secret slip at the party, Kara having told Callie after a meeting of Women of Waverly. Angered, Brett seeks revenge.
Dean Marymount finds out about the fire in the barn and plans to expel whoever was responsible. Tinsley and Callie seize this moment as chance to frame Jenny
| 392 |
Unforgettable (novel)
| 0 |
10,154,195 |
# Stratichus
In Greek mythology, **Stratichus** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|t|r|æ|t|ɪ|k|ə|s}}`{=mediawiki}; Ancient Greek: Στράτιχος *Strátikhos*), also known as Stratius, was a prince of Pylos and the son of King Nestor and either Eurydice or Anaxibia. He was the brother to Thrasymedes, Pisidice, Polycaste, Perseus, Peisistratus, Aretus, Echephron and Antilochus. Stratichus appears in *The Odyssey*
| 50 |
Stratichus
| 0 |
10,154,243 |
# Crown Central Petroleum
**Crown Central Petroleum**, commonly known as **Crown**, is an American oil company that has flourished in Baltimore since the early 20th century until its recent decline due to rebranding.
## History
**Crown Central Petroleum Company** or **Crown**, first began in 1917 in Harris County, Texas, when the New Crown Oil and Refining Company\'s Number 3 well struck oil.
In 2013 Clark Brands acquired the brand licensing business of Crown Central Petroleum.
An abandoned Crown gas station was used in the production of House Of Cards, a Netflix original series. The building, in Churchville, Maryland, is currently still standing.
## Endangerment
During the summer of 2006, many stations began to disappear. All but about 20 stations were rebranded to either Texaco, Chevron Corporation, or Royal Dutch Shell gas stations. This is because the company sold these stations about two years ago, as reported in *The Baltimore Sun*.
As of the Spring of 2022 20 Crown stations operate in the state of Maryland. There are four Crown branded stations operating in Baltimore, Maryland. All four stations utilized a standard self service canopy set up featuring a brick and tan stucco design. All four stations currently operate 24 hours a day. The stations can be found at 4201 Erdman Ave , 5101 York Rd, 501 E 33rd St and 4123 Frederick Ave
In 2010 Crown Central LLC formed an alliance with Clark Brands LLC and Crown Clark to outsource key payments processes to Clark. In October of 2010 the two companies merged to form Clark Crown Brands to further expand Crown licensing. As of 2025, Clark Crown Brands, LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of Clark Brands, LLC that licenses the Crown brand to petroleum marketers.
The goal of the merger was to offer brand licensing to marketers who want to offer a low-cost alternative brand to entrepreneurial dealers. The licensees manage their own petroleum supply, purchasing petrolium at their lowest available cost each day. Clark and Crown branded programs---combined with unbranded fuel---allow dealers to optimize the petroleum procurement while still being able to a sell a name brand product in the retail market
| 355 |
Crown Central Petroleum
| 0 |
10,154,258 |
# Wishing Well (Terence Trent D'Arby song)
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 66, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{single chart |Austria |10 |artist=Terence Trent D'Arby |song=Wishing Well|rowheader=true|accessdate=9 April 2022}}
^
``
| 31 |
Wishing Well (Terence Trent D'Arby song)
| 0 |
10,154,283 |
# Norway Davis Cup team
The **Norway Davis Cup team** represents Norway in the Davis Cup competition and is governed by the Norwegian Tennis Association.
Norway currently compete in World Group I. They never qualified for the World Group in the old Davis Cup format, though they reached the World Group play-offs in 1995. They have still yet to participate in the new format\'s Davis Cup Finals.
## History
### Before World War II (1928--39) {#before_world_war_ii_192839}
Norway competed in its first Davis Cup in 1928, with Torleif Torkildsen taking Norway\'s first win, at home in a 1--4 defeat to Hungary. Torkildsen was a main feature of Norway\'s side in the early seasons, with a 1--9 record between 1928 and 1932.
Norway was relegated to the qualifying rounds after 1933, but turned out their best result the following year, losing 2--3 in their third meeting with Hungary. Finn-Trygve Smith gave away a two-set lead in the first rubber, but Emil Gabori defeated Smith in the final rubber to win the game for Hungary. This also marked Johan Haanes\' Davis Cup debut; Haanes registered a 6--23 record in a 17-year career interrupted by World War II, and only three Norwegian wins during his career was not due to Haanes.
Norway did not enter in 1935, but returned in 1936 with another 2--3 result against 1933 quarter-finalists Belgium at home. André Lacroix won all his three games for Belgium and prevented Norway\'s first tie victory.
The advances were temporary. Norway lost 15 successive rubbers up to 1939, and though they advanced to the quarter-final in 1939, that was only due to a forfeit from the invaded Czechoslovakia.
### Never beyond the second round (1947--1972) {#never_beyond_the_second_round_19471972}
Norway did not enter the first Davis Cup after the war, but in 1947 Norway nearly eliminated New Zealand in their first ever match for eight years. Haanes and Jan Staubo both won a singles match each, but New Zealand turned the tables after four- and five-set victories in the final singles matches.
Haanes continued good form the following season, defeating Geoffrey Paish as Norway went down 1--4 to a Great Britain which would reach the semi-finals. Successive 0--5 defeats to a Lennart Bergelin-led Sweden team followed, before Johan Haanes won his final Davis Cup game in 1951. Adly El-Shafei won all his three games, though, and Egypt eliminated Norway.
In 1953, Norway achieved their first victory, with Nils-Erik Hessen, Rolf Pape and Finn Søhol defeating Luxembourg in Mondorf-les-Bains. All were mainstays in the side throughout the 1950s, and featured in Norway\'s 1954 win over Finland (3--2). Søhol also helped Norway defeat Israel by 4--1 in the 1956 tournament, which also gave the first win for Gunnar Sjøwall. However, five defeats followed, and it was not until Norway drew Portugal in 1963 and 1964 that they managed to win again. Norway went 9--1 on aggregate in these two clashes, with Søhol the only loser, and in the 1963 second round tie against Denmark Sjøwall defeated Jørgen Ulrich, a player who had reached the round of 16 at Wimbledon on two occasions. An 18-year-old Per Hegna also participated; he lost all his three games and didn\'t participate in the Davis Cup for ten years, but was to become a key player for Norway later.
Following the wins over Portugal, Norway struggled once more. They did manage a 4--1 win over Luxembourg in 1968, with Fridtjof Prydz (4 wins, 11 losses) winning both singles matches; doubles specialist Erik Melander (5 wins, 8 losses) had debuted the previous year in France, and the doubles team of Melander and Prydz got Norway\'s only win in the 1--4 loss to Israel in the 1971. Prydz and Jon-Erik Ross (2 wins, 11 losses) also defeated Egypt\'s doubles team in 1970.
| 626 |
Norway Davis Cup team
| 0 |
10,154,283 |
# Norway Davis Cup team
## History
### First quarterfinal, and 80s struggles (1973--1988) {#first_quarterfinal_and_80s_struggles_19731988}
In 1973 Norway had to play preliminary qualifying matches for the first time since 1934. Hegna returned to Davis Cup play, and on an indoor court in Dublin Hegna, Melander, Finn-Dag Jagge and Thorvald Moe swept Ireland aside by 5--0 (though Melander and Moe had to play a 42-game set in the doubles match), and received a home first round clash with Denmark, where Hegna won both his singles matches and Norway eked out a 3--2 win. Norway reached the quarter-finals for the first time since 1939, where they failed to win a set in France and lost 30--92 in games. Hegna and Melander faced François Jauffret and Patrick Proisy, who had both reached the last four at Roland Garros and at the time both were ranked in the top 40, in the singles matches.
Nevertheless, Norway were not qualified for the main draw in the European Zone in 1974, and after Hegna and Thorvald Moe secured a 4--1 win over Iran they required to beat Spain in a play-off in Barcelona. Norway performed even worse than against France the previous year, winning only 26 of 116 games.
Then followed five preliminary round losses, with only Hegna able to secure solitary match wins in ties with Morocco and Netherlands. Hegna also won all three of his matches as Norway beat Turkey in 1980, but in the final qualifier against West Germany Norway won 18 games in four matches. Norway were thus two wins away for qualifying for the modern-day World Group, which was instituted in 1981. Instead, Norway remained in the European qualifying zone.
Hegna retired in 1981, only returning for a single dead rubber match in 1983, and in the seven years of one single European qualifying zone Norway only defeated Portugal on the tennis court, in 1984.
In 1986 Norway became the first European nation to lose to Nigeria, falling 0--5 in Lagos, and they were also the first European nation to lose to Senegal the following year. Three players debuted against Senegal; Bent Ove Pedersen and Audun Jensen lost the doubles match, while Anders Håseth played singles with one win and one loss.
As a result of the defeat to Senegal, Norway were assigned to Group Two of the Europe/Africa Zone when this was instituted in 1988. Norway reached the semi-final, losing to Ireland on grass in Belfast. The five-set doubles match became crucial, where Matt Doyle and Peter Wright won 6--4 in the final set, and Ireland went on to promote to Group One.
| 433 |
Norway Davis Cup team
| 1 |
10,154,283 |
# Norway Davis Cup team
## History
### Ruud era (1989--2000) {#ruud_era_19892000}
Still in Group Two, Norway lost 2--3 to Luxembourg in 1989, the debut match of 16-year-old Christian Ruud, who along with Pedersen would form the basis of the team in the 1990s. The following year Norway reached a promotion play-off to Poland, where they lost after Ruud and Pedersen failed to win any singles matches, though Anders Rolfsen won a doubles match as part of a streak of six successive doubles match wins before he and Pedersen lost in straight sets to Poland in the 1992 relegation play-off, which Norway still won. The streak was part of Norway\'s 13--2 season in the 1991 Davis Cup, where they promoted from Division One after defeating Luxembourg in the play-off, but they lost to Finland in their first Group One match in 1992 and needed the play-off to survive.
A similar story unfolded in the 1993 season; brothers Byron and Wayne Black from Zimbabwe swept through 4--1 in Riksanlegget for tennis at Hasle, with only Pedersen winning a match, and Norway required a win in Helsinki. Ruud came up with a straight sets win over Tuomas Ketola as Norway got revenge for their 1992 defeat, won 3--2, and survived for another year.
The 1994 Davis Cup saw Ruud win both his singles matches, including a five-setter against world No. 6 Goran Ivanišević. However, Ruud and Pedersen couldn\'t win the doubles match, and the number two singles players weren\'t good enough against Ivanišević and Saša Hiršzon (world No. 250).
In 1995 Norway won their first round tie for the first time in four attempts; against Israel, newly relegated from the World Group, Ruud defeated Eyal Ran and Gilad Bloom, both top-200 players. The win qualified Norway for a World Group play-off match with Belgium, but Dick Norman and Johan Van Herck were too strong, and won 5--0 at Hasle, only conceding one set.
Norway were relegated the following year, as world No. 31 Andrei Medvedev won both singles matches and Ukraine took a 4--1 win in Kyiv. They spent the following years promoting and relegating alternatively; a play-off win over Portugal in Porto was followed by defeats to Romania and Croatia, in a match 19-year-old Ivan Ljubičić won all three matches and sent Norway down into Group Two.
### Up and down with Andersen/Boretti (2000--07) {#up_and_down_with_andersenboretti_200007}
It took a further four years to be promoted to Group One again, as after the 3--2 win over Israel Norway lost the services of Ruud after 31 wins, the highest number by a Norwegian. Stian Boretti and Jan Frode Andersen nevertheless went through the 2002 season with wins over Egypt, Denmark and Ivory Coast, and Norway entered Group One for the sixth and thus far last time.
They were outmatched at that level, however. Andersen and Boretti nearly defeated Jürgen Melzer and Alexander Peya, who would five months later reach the final of the Austrian Open doubles tournament, at home in the first round match in February, coming back from two sets down to take it into a fifth, and Norway faced matches with Finland and Luxembourg to survive in Group One. However, the task was too much against top-200 players Jarkko Nieminen (Finland) and Gilles Müller (Luxembourg), and Norway were relegated.
From 2004 until 2006, Andersen and Boretti were the mainstay of the team, with only Boretti missing one match. Norway played eight matches during their four-year stay in Group Two, achieving a 3--5 record with wins over Ukraine, Monaco (in first of two relegation play-offs) and Zimbabwe. Boretti had to retire from a 2006 tie in Macedonia, where Norway were 1--2 down before the final day\'s singles matches, and Erling Tveit took Lazar Magdinčev into a fifth set. Magdinčev won 6--2, however, leaving the final match redundant as Norway failed to make the promotion play-off, which Macedonia later won. When Andersen retired before 2007, it prompted a historically poor performance from Norway, as they lost to Hungary at home before Lamine Ouahab of Algeria won his three matches and sent Norway down into Group Three of the Europe/Africa zone for the first time.
### Among the weakest teams in Europe (2008--11) {#among_the_weakest_teams_in_europe_200811}
Norway began their life in the zone\'s second lowest tier at the 2008 tournament, hosted in Armenia. Despite Boretti winning all his singles matches, Norway lost two rubbers, to Moldova and to Lithuania, the latter after 6--8 in the tie-breaker in the final doubles match. Norway thus finished third, just outside the promotion spot to Group Two.
On clay in Tunisia during the 2009 tournament, however, Norway had managed to secure the services of Erling Tveit, which helped to strengthen the side and secure promotion. Boretti and Tveit did nearly all the work, playing five singles and four doubles ties each, and despite a loss to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Norway won the final two matches over Tunisia and Morocco to secure promotion. It was Norway\'s first Davis Cup win over Morocco in three attempts, and both Moroccans were top 500 ATP players. Boretti won by only dropping a game and Tveit won 6--1 in the final set of the three-set encounters.
However, Norway dropped straight back after losses to Slovenia and Monaco; the latter team had no players in the top 400, but Norway still only won one set in the decisive three matches, and fell 0--5. In Group III the following year, Norway still fielded a team of Boretti and Tveit, though both players had now retired from the challenger tour. Norway\'s promotion hopes stopped one match before the play-off, losing to Turkey, who later promoted and had also been relegated from division II the previous year, after a final-set tie-break in the doubles match.
### A new Ruud era (2015--) {#a_new_ruud_era_2015}
Led by a 16 year old Casper Ruud and an 18 year old Viktor Durasovic Norway gained promotion from Group III up to Group II in 2015. The following years Norway have stayed in Group II, but they keep on working for the promotion. They are led by ATP Tour player Casper Ruud, the son of former player Christian Ruud. In March 2020, Norway qualified for the 2020 Davis Cup World Group I
In 2021 Norway beat Uzbekistan and Ukraine and qualified for the Davis Cup playoffs in 2022
| 1,051 |
Norway Davis Cup team
| 2 |
10,154,297 |
# Temecula Valley High School
**Temecula Valley High School**, known by locals as **TV**, is a public high school for grades 9 to 12 in Temecula, California. The school opened in 1985 as the city\'s first high school. When it was built, it was a part of the Elsinore Union High School District (now the Lake Elsinore Unified School District) until the Temecula Valley Unified School District was founded. It is a California Distinguished School.
## History
In its first year, the school\'s attendance consisted of 350 students and 17 teachers. Over the years, attendance has increased to over 2,700.
In order to keep up with increasing enrollment, the school has undergone several changes. In August 2007, Temecula Valley High opened a new multimillion-dollar gym. In May 2013, Temecula Valley High School completed a multimillion-dollar performing arts center. In February 2015, a renovation of the Stadium was completed, changing the field to turf rather than grass.
### Nixon Fire {#nixon_fire}
In 2024, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection and Riverside Fire Department used Temecula Valley High School as an evacuation center during the Nixon Fire.
## Athletics
The Temecula Valley\'s wrestling team won its 31st consecutive league title in 2019, and has won 36 CIF titles, and 3 Masters titles.
## Activities
Temecula Valley High School features more than 100 clubs and student organizations. Of these, three are predominately competitive: CyberPatriots; Mock Trial; and Science Olympiad.
There are two academic groups, California Scholarship Federation and National Honor Society.
In 2023, Temecula Valley High School\'s CyberPatriots won the 5th Annual California Mayors Cyber Cup, securing a ceremony at Temecula City Hall for the team \"Crypto Scammers\"
| 276 |
Temecula Valley High School
| 0 |
10,154,301 |
# Echephron
**Echephron** (`{{IPAc-en|ɪ|ˈ|k|ɛ|f|r|ə|n|,_|-|ˌ|r|ɒ|n}}`{=mediawiki}; Ancient Greek: Ἐχέφρων, *gen*.: Ἐχέφρωνος) is the name of three characters in Greek mythology.
- Echephron, a prince of Pylos and son of King Nestor and Eurydice (or Anaxibia). He was the brother of Thrasymedes, Pisidice, Polycaste, Perseus, Stratichus, Aretus, Pisistratus and Antilochus.
- Echephron, a Trojan prince as one of the sons of Priam, king of Troy.
- Echephron, son of Heracles and Psophis, daughter of Eryx, a Sicilian despot. He changed the name of the city Phegia (the old Erymanthus) to Psophis
| 88 |
Echephron
| 0 |
10,154,314 |
# Nalacetus
***Nalacetus*** is an extinct pakicetid early whale, fossils of which have been found in Lutetian red beds in Punjab, Pakistan (33.6 72.2 display=inline, paleocoordinates 14.3 68.3 display=inline). *Nalacetus* lived in a fresh water environment, was amphibious, and carnivorous. It was considered monophyletic by `{{Harvnb|Cooper|Thewissen|Hussain|2009}}`{=mediawiki}. It was said to be wolf-sized and one of the earliest forms of the order *Cetacea.*
*Nalacetus* is known mostly from dental remains from the Lutetian of the Kala Chitta Hill, Punjab, Pakistan:
- H-GSP 96055, right palatal fragment with P^4^ and M^1−2^.
- H-GSP 30306, right maxillary fragment with P^2^ and partial P^3−4^; a fragmentary mandible with fragmented teeth together with some isolated lower teeth.
In the cheek teeth of *Pakicetus*, the protocone lobe increases from the first molar to the third. In *Nalacetus*, in contrast, the protocone lobe is larger in the first molar than in the second
| 146 |
Nalacetus
| 0 |
10,154,323 |
# Dr Q v College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia
***Dr Q v College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia***, 2003 SCC 19, \[2003\] 1 S.C.R. 226 is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in Canadian administrative law.
## Background
Dr. Q was brought before the Discipline Committee of the British Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons for having sexual relations with a patient. The patient had originally sought help in 1994 for depression. By 1995 the two began sexual relations. Dr. Q denied any misconduct. The Committee found that Dr. Q was guilty of infamous misconduct. The Committee based its decision on the weight of the patient\'s testimony, ignoring Dr. Q\'s testimony.
The Committee applied a standard of \"clear and cogent evidence\". Dr. Q applied for judicial review of the decision arguing that the wrong standard was applied.
## Decision
Chief Justice McLachlin, writing for the Court, allowed the appeal and reinstated the order. She found that the standard of \"clear and cogent evidence\" was the appropriate standard.
On the issue of standard of review, McLachlin reiterated the three degrees of deference available, correctness, reasonableness simpliciter, and patent unreasonableness. She considered what degree of deference was required in these circumstances based on the four factors of the \"pragmatic and functional approach\". On the whole, the Committee decisions were to be reviewed on a standard of \"reasonableness\". Under the reasonableness standard, the reviewing judge\'s view of the evidence is beside the point. Instead, the court should only ask whether there is some basis in evidence to support the conclusion
| 265 |
Dr Q v College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia
| 0 |
10,154,324 |
# Monte Balmaceda
**Monte Balmaceda** is a heavily glaciated mountain located in the Magallanes Region of Chile. It stands at the head of Última Esperanza Sound, in the south portion of Bernardo O\'Higgins National Park and near the mouth of the Serrano River. The glaciers Balmaceda and Serrano mantle the slopes of the mount.
In its vicinity is Torres del Paine National Park
| 63 |
Monte Balmaceda
| 0 |
10,154,337 |
# Neuse River waterdog
The **Neuse River waterdog** (***Necturus lewisi***) is a medium-sized waterdog of the family Proteidae found in streams and rivers in two watersheds of North Carolina.
## Range
The range of the Neuse River waterdog is limited to the Neuse and Tar-Pamlico River basins in the eastern Piedmont and Coastal Plain of North Carolina.
## Appearance and physiology {#appearance_and_physiology}
*N. lewisi* has a rusty-brown dorsal side with many large, bluish-black spots. The ventral side is dark brown to grey and also spotted. The snout is compressed dorsally and truncated. The tail is compressed laterally and ridged. Each hind limb has four toes, and the gills are dull red and bushy. Sexually active males have sowled cloacae and two enlarged cloacal papillae that point to the rear. Males and females are of a similar size. Adults measure 16.5--28.0 cm from the tip of snout to tip of tail. The young possess a dorsal stripe along their length along with a dark lateral stripe.
Males and females become sexually mature after reaching 102 mm and 100 mm, respectively, measured from tip of the snout to the posterior end of the cloaca. This size is reached at 5.5 years in males and 6.5 years in females.
## Habitat
Neuse River waterdogs prefer streams with a flow \>10 cm/s and streams which are \>15 m wide, and 1 m deep, in areas with a hard clay or soil bottom, as well as areas covered with leaf bed. Larvae are found in leaf beds of quieter waters which provide cover and foraging sites. Males have a greater range than females, and both males and females increase their range after moderate rains, but decrease it after large rains (\>40 mm). During winter, adults mostly reside in burrows in banks or under granite rocks. During the spring, the adults move to large bedrock outcrops or beneath large boulders in relatively fast current where nesting occurs. Home ranges contain animal burrows or rock overhangs, large flat rocks on sand gravel substrates, and slack-water areas with detritus mats of leaves.
Adults create retreats by shoveling sand and gravel with their snouts, forming a cavity beneath cover objects. Sometimes, gravel is picked up in the mouth and moved to the periphery of the retreat. Entrances to these retreats face downstream. Females, and to a lesser extent males, actively defend their retreats from intruders. Threat displays include flaring and pulsating the gills and curling the upper lip. Intruders which do not flee after this display are attacked and bitten, usually on the end of the tail.
## Reproduction
Males have sperm in the vasa deferentia from November through May, and females have been found with this sperm from December through May. Females move to nesting sites beneath fast-moving current during the spring. Oviposition occurs in April and May, corresponding to the time when ovarian eggs reach their maximum size. Eggs are 8--9 mm in diameter and attach to the substrate by a blunt stalk.
### Courtship
A pair of Neuse River waterdogs crawl slowly, with the male trailing the female by 2--4 cm. The male positions his snout behind the rear legs of the female when she stops. The female has her gills flared, while the male has his close to the neck. The male then moves across her body at the base of her tail. Once parallel, the male begins to stroke the female with his chin. This stroking begins at the top of the head, moves roughly halfway down the female and back to the head. The female then raises her head each time the male\'s chin contacts her neck or head. This sequence repeats many times over a period of roughly 18 minutes. The male then circles the female in a clockwise direction while maintaining contact with her. After several slow circles are made, the males moves parallel to the female and places his limbs over her back. The pair remains in this position for 30 minutes and retreats.
## Diet and feeding {#diet_and_feeding}
Adults feed from the mouths of their retreats or move about in search of prey at night. Olfaction and sight play important roles in locating food. Animals are active away from cover at night, and also during raised water levels and increased turbidity. Individuals are inactive when stream temperatures exceed 18 °C.
Adults mainly prey on snails, earthworms, isopods, amphipods, mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies, true flies, and fish. Other prey include: slugs, leeches, spiders, crayfish, centipedes, millipedes, odonates, hellgrammites, beetles, caterpillars, and salamanders. Prey of larvae are mainly ostracods, copepods, mayflies, true flies, and beetles. Other prey items of larva include: earthworms, caldocerans, isopods, amphipods, collembolans, odonates, and stoneflies along with other insects.
| 781 |
Neuse River waterdog
| 0 |
10,154,337 |
# Neuse River waterdog
## Predation
Mainly preyed on by fish, Neuse River waterdogs produce chemical defenses to ward off these predators.
## Conservation
While the Neuse River waterdog is overall ranked of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, they are assessed as having a decreasing population trend. Predominant threats to the species are habitat degradation and destruction due to agricultural pollution, development and humans\' modification of streams by channelization and impoundment. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service declared the Neuse River waterdog a federally threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 in 2021, with designation of critical habitat
| 105 |
Neuse River waterdog
| 1 |
10,154,405 |
# A Letter from Greenland
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 51, column 4):
unexpected ' '
{|| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
^
``
| 22 |
A Letter from Greenland
| 0 |
10,154,457 |
# The Star Money
\"**The Star Money**\" or \"**The Star Talers**\" (*Die Sterntaler*) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in *Grimm\'s Fairy Tales*.
It is Aarne-Thompson type 779, Divine Rewards and Punishments.
## Synopsis
A goodhearted orphan girl has only her clothing and a loaf of bread that a kind soul has given her. She goes out into the countryside to see what might happen. She gives a hungry beggar her bread, and to three cold children she gives her winter hat, her jacket, and her dress. After wandering into a forest, she sees a naked child begging for a shift (long undergarment), and since it is dark and she cannot be seen, she gives her own away. As she stands there with nothing left at all, suddenly stars fall to earth before her, transforming into talers (silver coins), and she finds herself wearing a new dress of the finest linen. The story ends with her being rich.
## Other adaptations {#other_adaptations}
There is another known version of this tale. It tells of a beautiful young girl named Natalie whose parents have fallen ill. She is sent to find a doctor, and meets many begging people along the way. She gives away everything but her shift, and when in the forest she meets yet another begging child asking for her shift. Natalie strips naked and gives her shift away, and then ends up spending three days and nights in the forest. On the fourth day, she is swimming in the lake and is greeted by her guardian angel, who tells her soon her generosity shall be rewarded. With that she leaves a towel and a clean set of clothing for Natalie. After Natalie dries herself and dresses again, the guardian angel sends stars falling from the sky before her, proven to be silver talers. Natalie gathers them up and after heading back to the village, she pays the doctor, and all goes well for her family, now that they are wealthy
| 335 |
The Star Money
| 0 |
10,154,458 |
# Ukraine Davis Cup team
The **Ukrainian men\'s national tennis team** represents Ukraine in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Ukrainian Tennis Federation.
## History
Ukraine competed in its first Davis Cup in 1993. Ukraine currently compete in Group I of the Europe/Africa Zone . They have reached the World Group play-offs three times
| 57 |
Ukraine Davis Cup team
| 0 |
10,154,518 |
# Leukocidin
A **leukocidin** is a type of cytotoxin created by some types of bacteria (*Staphylococcus*). It is a type of pore-forming toxin. Leukocidins fall into the category of bacterial invasin. Invasins are enzymatic secretions that help bacteria invade the host tissue to which they are attached. Although similar to exotoxins, invasins are different in two respects: they work through much less specific mechanisms than exotoxins, and their actions are generally more localized.
Leukocidins get their names by killing (\"-cide\") leukocytes. Leukocidins target phagocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes, and therefore affect both innate and adaptive immune responses.
## Mechanism of action {#mechanism_of_action}
Leukocidins are pore-forming toxins, and their model for pore formation is step-wise. First, the cytotoxin\'s \"S\" subunit recognizes specific protein-containing receptors, typically G-protein coupled receptors, or an integrin on the host cell\'s surface. The S subunit then recruits a second, \"F\" subunit. The two subunits dimerize on the host cell surface. This dimerization is followed by oligomerization involving three additional leukocidin dimers, resulting in an octameric prepore complex.
The prepore undergoes a structural transition in which its prestem domain extends into the lipid bilayer, forming a beta barrel that pierces the target cell membrane, thereby disrupting the structure of the cell and leading to lysis.
## Subunits: S and F {#subunits_s_and_f}
The F subunit stands for the \"fast\" subunit while the S subunit stands for the \"slow\" subunit. The S subunit is the first to bind the lipid bilayer, recognizing the cell surface receptor. Once bound, the F subunit dimerizes with the S subunit to initiate pore assembly.
## Variatiants
There are exceptions to the typical binding pattern of leukocidins. For example:
- **LukPQ**: In this case, the F subunit (rather than the S subunit) recognizes the cell surface receptor.
- **LukAB**: This leukocidin binds to the integrin CD11b, not a G-protein coupled receptor.
## Examples
One notable type of leukocidin is the Panton-Valentine leukocidin
| 321 |
Leukocidin
| 0 |
10,154,546 |
# Boonchu Rojanastien
**Boonchu Rojanastien** (*บุญชู โรจนเสถียร*; `{{RTGS|''Bunchu Rotchanasathian''}}`{=mediawiki}, Chinese: 黃聞波, Huang Wenbo born January 20, 1921, Chon Buri Province, Thailand, died March 19, 2007, Bangkok) was a Thai banker. Touted as Thailand\'s first \"economics tsar\", he served in the government of Kukrit Pramoj in 1975 and 1976. During his tenure as finance minister, he initiated a policy of \"ngern phan\" (money allocation), which distributed several billion baht of government funds to 5,000 tambon, or local government, councils. His populist policies would later be embraced under the administration of Thaksin Shinawatra.
## Early life and business career {#early_life_and_business_career}
Boonchu was the eldest of five children born to a Thai Chinese carpenter of Hainanese origin in Chon Buri Province. He married Renu Rojanastien, and had two children Krip Rojanastien and Ora Rojanastien. He excelled at school and entered Thammasat University, graduating with a degree in accounting. He then opened his own accounting firm, and shortly after that joined Bangkok Bank. He eventually became president of the bank, from 1977 to 1980, and led the institution through expansion and the establishment of branches across Thailand.
## Political career {#political_career}
He became involved in politics in 1973 under the administration of Prime Minister Sanya Dharmasakti. Boonchu was appointed a senator and he played a role in drafting the Constitution in 1974.
He joined Social Action Party and was elected as a Member of Parliament from Prachin Buri Province. This was during the short reign of Seni Pramoj, who was succeeded by his brother, Kukrit Pramoj.
Under Kukrit, Boonchu served as deputy prime minister and finance minister, and he initiated his populist \"ngern phan\" program of doling out billions of baht to local governments.
He left politics in 1983 and returned to banking, serving as chairman of Siam City Bank, only to return to politics in 1986 as the head of the Kijprachakhom Party. The party later consolidated with other parties to form the Ekaphap Party, of which Boonchu served as deputy. He later led the Palang Dharma Party.
Boonchu eventually joined the Democrat Party and served as a cabinet member and then adviser to the first government of Chuan Leekpai.
\"The future of a political party hinges on its policies. Any inappropriate policies will just simply fade away,\" was Boonchu\'s famous motto.
Boonchu left politics in 1998 after serving on the House Budget Committee.
## Later years {#later_years}
Boonchu\'s family weathered the 1997 East Asian financial crisis. He then started the Chiva-Som International Resort and Spa in Hua Hin, which at its peak, became one of the best Resorts and Spas and was awarded the top resort and spa of the world.
He suffered from leukemia, and was treated at Vichaiyudh Hospital in Bangkok, where he died on March 19, 2007
| 458 |
Boonchu Rojanastien
| 0 |
10,154,571 |
# Gabriel Palmeros
**Gabriel Palmeros Valadéz** (born December 2, 1977) is a former Mexican football (soccer) defender. He played for Santos Laguna (2001--2005) and Jaguares de Chiapas (2005--2007).
## Career
Born in Puebla, Puebla, Palmeros\' family moved to Comarca Lagunera when he was very young. He began playing football with local side Santos Laguna, where he would make his Liga MX debut
| 62 |
Gabriel Palmeros
| 0 |
10,154,579 |
# Ichthyolestes
***Ichthyolestes*** (\"fish thief\") is an extinct genus of archaic cetacean that was endemic to the northern Indian subcontinent during the Lutetian stage. To date, this monotypic genus is only represented by *Ichthyolestes pinfoldi*.
Like other members of the family Pakicetidae, which are considered the earliest and least specialized of the archaic cetaceans, *Ichthyolestes* represents an early quadrupedal phase of the land-to-sea transition which occurs in the cetacean lineage.
## Discovery and classification {#discovery_and_classification}
*Ichthyolestes pinfoldi* was initially known only from teeth, which were found in the Eocene epoch near what is now Ganda Kas, Pakistan. Upon their discovery, *I. pinfoldi* was placed within the family Mesonychidae, a group of terrestrial mammals from which cetaceans were previously thought to have evolved. Due to morphological distinctions from other mesonychids, *I. pinfoldi* was later acknowledged and described as an archaeocete, making it the first pakicetid to be described.
Cranial and postcranial material of *I. pinfoldi* have also been found in the Kuldana Formation located in present-day Pakistan, from the early-middle Eocene, and from the Subathu sediments of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
## Description
*Ichthyolestes* is the smallest pakicetid, approximately 29% smaller than *Pakicetus*, and has been considered \"fox-sized\". They retain many features typical of terrestrial Eocene artiodactyls, including long and gracile limb bones, a fused sacrum, small mandibular foramen, and no cranial telescoping. The body plan of *Ichthyolestes* is generally similar to *Pakicetus*, but smaller and more gracile. Therefore, locomotion is also thought to be reliant on quadrupedal paddling.
### Teeth
*Ichthyolestes* exhibits heterodont and diphyodont dentition with cusped cheek teeth. The upper second molar has pointed cusps with a high narrow paracone and a lower connate metacone behind it. The molars are also relatively labio-lingually compressed with serrated crests along the labial cusps.
### Cranial
*Ichthyolestes* has dorsally oriented eyes and a narrow skull, which is smaller than the skulls of both *Pakicetus* and *Nalacetus*. Like other pakicetids, *Ichthyolestes* lacks a supraorbital shield; however, there is some variation in supraorbital morphology between the three genera. The supraorbital region of *Ichthyolestes* and *Pakicetus* is cup-like and cradles the dorsal portion of the eye. *Ichthyolestes* also has a weaker incisure on the dorsal side of the supraorbital region compared to *Pakicetus*.
All three pakicetid taxa largely retained the peripheral ear morphology of terrestrial mammals, but likely used bone conducting mechanisms when hearing underwater. The tympanic bulla also differs between pakicetid taxa. The absolute size of *Ichthyolestes* tympanic bulla is smaller than either *Pakicetus* or *Nalacetus*; but when compared relative to their body size, the tympanic bulla of *Ichthyolestes* is proportionally larger than that of *Pakicetus*.
The semicircular canal system of the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear, which is involved in neural control of locomotion, is similar in size to that of Eocene artiodactyls. They do not show the size reduction as seen in other pakicetids and Eocene cetaceans like *Remingtonocetus*, *Indocetus* and *Dorudon*, which have canal sizes within the upper range of modern cetaceans. This suggests that *Ichthyolestes* had not fully invaded aquatic ecosystems and still remained somewhat terrestrial.
| 508 |
Ichthyolestes
| 0 |
10,154,579 |
# Ichthyolestes
## Description
### Postcranial
Although *Ichthyolestes* is the smallest pakicetid, some features are larger or more robust than *Nalacetus*, such as the astragalus, calcaneus and pelvis. *Ichthyolestes* also has proportionally longer lumbar and caudal vertebrae relative to its shorter limb segments.
*Ichthyolestes* also has long digits and strong post-thoracic vertebrae. The sacrum is composed of four elongate vertebrae with complete fusion, except for the spinous processes of S2 to S4 which are columnar with smooth ventral faces. The lumbar vertebrae are narrower and shallower to *Pakicetus* and *Nalacetus*. Although still relatively large compared to other related taxa, the atlas vertebrae of *Ichthyolestes* is smaller and more gracile than *Pakicetus* or *Nalacetus*, and the neural canal is disproportionately large.
## Terrestrial or semi-aquatic locomotion {#terrestrial_or_semi_aquatic_locomotion}
The astragalus bone, which is present in the ankle of artiodactyls and archaic whales that retained feet, has similar dimensions in both Eocene artiodactyls and *Ichthyolestes*. In addition to lending evidence to the theory of a direct relationship between artiodactyls and cetaceans, this knowledge has led to two competing hypotheses about the locomotion of *Ichthyolestes* and other pakicetids. The first states that *Ichthyolestes* and *Pakicetus* were terrestrial and cursorial, implying that aquatic locomotor adaptation occurred after the origin of Cetacea. The second states that *Ichthyolestes* and *Pakicetus* were already semi-aquatic and cetaceans originated from an earlier unknown Eocene artiodactyl, such as *Elomeryx* or *Indohyus,* implying that aquatic locomotor adaptations occurred before or during the origin of Cetacea.
Although the postcranial anatomy of *Ichthyolestes* is similar to that of Eocene artiodactyls and implies cursoriality, the assessment of bone morphology and microstructure indicate that they, and other pakicetids, were semi-aquatic like protocetids. Hypermineralization occurs in all regions of the skeleton; in particular, the long bones and ribs had small or absent marrow cavities due to the thick cortices which developed. Hypermineralization of load-bearing skeletal elements put *Ichthyolestes* at an increased risk of fractures during prolonged terrestrial loading and this risk increased with velocity, implying that terrestriality was limited. Additionally, the dense skeletons may have allowed bottom-walking or wading in shallow pools as it would counteract buoyancy created by inflated lungs and fur-trapped air. Therefore, the retention of an artiodactyl-like astragalus does not signify full terrestriality or cursoriality in *Ichthyolestes*.
| 373 |
Ichthyolestes
| 1 |
10,154,579 |
# Ichthyolestes
## Paleoenvironment
Fossil findings indicate *Ichthyolestes* shared habitat with its relatives *Pakicetus* and *Nalacetus*. Their fossils are usually found around river channel deposits, not marine deposits or fauna. The regions around northern Pakistan and northwest India, where fossils have been recovered, are thought to have been an arid environment with ephemeral streams and moderately developed floodplains. *Ichthyolestes*, therefore, had an affinity for water and were either terrestrial or semi-aquatic. The fluvial facies of the lower Kuldana Formation represent shallow tropical riverine complexes and were likely habitats for the initial stages of transition into water
| 96 |
Ichthyolestes
| 2 |
10,154,629 |
# Susan Daitch
**Susan Daitch** is an American novelist, essayist, and short story writer. In 1996 David Foster Wallace called her \"one of the most intelligent and attentive writers at work in the U.S. today.\"
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Susan Daitch was born in New Haven, Connecticut. She graduated from Barnard College and attended the Whitney Museum Independent Study Program.
## Career
She is the author of seven novels and a collection of short stories.
Her work has appeared in *Guernica*, *Bomb*, *Pacific Review*, *The Barcelona Review*, *Fault Magazine*, *Rain Taxi*, *Tablet*, *Tin House*, *McSweeney\'s*, *Conjunctions*, *The Norton Anthology of Postmodern American Fiction*, and elsewhere.
Her novel *Siege of Comedians* was listed as one of the best books of 2021 in *The Wall Street Journal*.
She taught at Barnard College, Columbia University, and the Iowa Writers\' Workshop.
A 2012 New York Foundation for the Arts Fellow, she is a supporter of Women for Afghan Women
| 157 |
Susan Daitch
| 0 |
10,154,635 |
# Here & There – S.E.S. Singles Collection
***Here & There -- S.E.S. Singles Collection*** is a compilation album in Japanese released in 2001 by S.E.S. under the record label VAP.
## Single
\"Lovin' You\" was the first and only promotional single from the album. Released August 2, 2000, it was S.E.S.\'s seventh and last full Japanese single. It has sold approximately 3,000 copies. It was accompanied by a single EP, containing remixes and instrumentals.
### Track listing {#track_listing}
1. Lovin\' You
2. Love Is\...Day By Day (4:34)
3. Lovin\' You (Opus Mix) (4:30)
4. Lovin\' You (Muse Mix) (4:58)
5. Lovin\' You (Instrumental) (4:51)
6. Love Is\...Day By Day (Instrumental) (4:34)
## Track listing {#track_listing_1}
1. めぐりあう世界 (4:59)
2. Believe in Love (5:15)
3. 夢をかさねて (More Boost Mix) (5:09)
4. Lovin You (Opus Mix) (4:29)
5. (愛)という名の誇り (Single Version) (5:20)
6. Unh\~Happy Day (5:14)
7. T.O.P. -Twinkling Of Paradise- (Masters Funk Remix) (4:54)
8. Love is..day by day (4:35)
9. Sign Of Love (DJ Tavouret Clubmix) (6:15)
10. Round & Round (4:09)
11. 海のオーロラ (Blizzard Mix) (5:44)
12. Lovin\' You (4:51)
13
| 183 |
Here & There – S.E.S. Singles Collection
| 0 |
10,154,656 |
# Surprise (S.E.S. album)
***Surprise*** is the first compilation album by South Korean girl group S.E.S., released under SM Entertainment on July 11, 2001. The record is composed of Korean versions of the group\'s Japanese songs. \"Just In Love\" (originally \"Yume wo Kasanete\") was spawned as the album\'s single. A bonus track, \"Fate World\" (a Korean version of \"Meguriau Sekai\"), is included. The album sold over 357,000 copies in South Korea.
## Commercial performance {#commercial_performance}
*Surprise* peaked at number three on the MIAK monthly album chart in July 2001, selling 250,627 copies within the month. It was ranked the 16th best-selling album of the year in South Korea, having sold nearly 358,000 copies
| 113 |
Surprise (S.E.S. album)
| 0 |
10,154,658 |
# Heriberto Morales
**Heriberto Ramón Morales Cortés** (born 10 March 1975) is a Mexican former footballer who played as a defender.
Morales began his career with Monarcas Morelia in the 1995--96 season, playing as a central or left-sided defender. By 1996, he had become a starter for the majority of Morelia\'s matches, and he stayed with the club through 2002, winning the Invierno 2000 championship in the process. In 2003, he moved to Chivas, playing one year there, and he spent his last career years playing for Chiapas. Morales ended his Mexico league top-tier career with Jaguares in 2007.
He scored the goal in the penalty shootout that won the championship for Morelia against Toluca in 2000.
In addition, Morales earned 12 caps for the Mexico national team. He was called by national coach Javier Aguirre for the 2001 Copa America, appearing in five matches as Mexico advanced to the final. Morales also appeared in three qualifiers for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, scoring an own goal against Jamaica on September 2, 2001 and starting subsequent matches against Trinidad & Tobago and Costa Rica. Although he played in several preparation matches prior to the World Cup, Morales was not included in Aguirre\'s final 23-man squad
| 205 |
Heriberto Morales
| 0 |
10,154,678 |
# Treaty of Fort Clark
The **Treaty of Fort Clark** (also known as the **Treaty with the Osage** or the **Osage Treaty**) was signed at Fort Osage (then called Fort Clark) on November 10, 1808, (ratified on April 28, 1810) in which the Osage Nation ceded all the land east of the fort in Missouri and Arkansas north of the Arkansas River to the United States. The Fort Clark treaty and the Treaty of St. Louis in which the Sauk and Meskwaki ceded northeastern Missouri along with northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin were the first two major treaties in the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase. The affected tribes, upset with the terms, were to side with the British in the War of 1812. Following the settlement of that war, John C. Sullivan for the United States was to survey the ceded land in 1816 (adjusting it 23 mi westward to the mouth of the Kansas River to create the Indian Boundary Line west of which and south of which virtually all tribes were to be removed in the Indian Removal Act in 1830.
## Background
When Lewis and Clark began their explorations of the Missouri River in 1804, Pierre Chouteau of the Chouteau fur trading family in St. Louis, Missouri took Osage chiefs to meet Thomas Jefferson who promised to open a government sanctioned trading post (then called the factory which the Osage could sell their goods at a government set price (ostensibly to keep them from being exploited by individual traders). The trading post would also have a blacksmith to provide utensils for the Native Americans. In early 1808, Meriwether Lewis led a group to the site of Fort Osage near Sibley, Missouri where they built the fort on a bluff above the Missouri River. Pierre Chouteau went about 150 miles south to Neosho, Missouri where the Osage had their principal village on the Osage River and brought the chiefs to Fort Osage. There they were presented with the terms of the treaty.
## Terms
### Ceded land {#ceded_land}
The treaty specifically cedes the following land:
### Payment
According to the Article V, the Osage were to receive an annual payment:
### Ceded lands {#ceded_lands}
In Article VI the lands ceded:
### Assignment to other tribes {#assignment_to_other_tribes}
Article VIII provided that the Osage land could be assigned to other tribes:
## Aftermath
There were protests immediately from the tribe as there were claims that not all the proper representatives signed the document. The Osage for the most part did not move to Fort Osage staying instead at their home in Neosho. Some tribesmen were to side with the British in the War of 1812. After the war, the Osage were summoned to Portage Des Sioux, Missouri where they affirmed the treaty in the Treaties of Portage des Sioux in 1815
| 470 |
Treaty of Fort Clark
| 0 |
10,154,682 |
# Christopher Rants
**Christopher C. Rants** (born September 16, 1967) is a former Iowa State Representative. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1992 to 2010. He received his BA from Morningside College. His work experience includes managing environmental compliance projects for Metz Baking Company, and Pierce & Associates, a Sioux City consulting firm. After leaving the legislature, Rants started inSight Communication as government affairs and public relations firm. In 2015 Rants partnered his firm with PolicyWorks LLC, another Iowa government affairs firm.
Rants served on several committees in the Iowa House - Commerce, Education, Ways & Means, Labor, and Rules committees. His political experience includes serving as Assistant Majority Leader beginning in 1994, serving as the Speaker Pro Tempore, serving as House Majority Leader beginning in 1999, and serving as Speaker of the Iowa House from 2003 through 2006.
Rants was re-elected in 2008 by a margin of 57% to 43%.
In June 2009, Rants announced his intention to seek his party\'s nomination for the 2010 election for Governor of Iowa. Rants announced that he was pulling out of the race for governor in February 2010.
In 2006 and 2008 Rants backed Mitt Romney in the Iowa caucuses, and in 2016 Rants was the state chairman for the Carly Fiorina for President campaign.
Christopher is an Aspen Institute Rodel Fellow in Public Leadership. Rants serves as Vice Chairman of the Republican State Leadership Committee.
Rants is an avid golfer, who has played the 2004 Golf Magazine\'s Top 100 Public Courses You Can Play
| 256 |
Christopher Rants
| 0 |
10,154,692 |
# WWGR
**WWGR** (101.9 FM \"Gator Country 101.9\") is a commercial radio station licensed to Fort Myers, Florida. It airs a country music format and is owned by Renda Media, with studios on Race Track Road in Bonita Springs.
WWGR has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations. It has one of the best signals in Southwest Florida. Its transmitter is off Corkscrew Road in Estero. It can be heard from Port Charlotte to The Everglades.
## History
The station signed on the air on `{{start date and age|1969|12|2}}`{=mediawiki}. Its original call sign was WHEW and it was the sister station to WMYR 1410 AM. The two stations were owned by Robert Heckshur, who served as the president, general manager and chief engineer. While WMYR played Top 40 hits, WHEW was always a country music station. In its early years, it was only on an antenna at a height of 175 ft. That limited its coverage area. By the 1980s, it was getting increased competition from country music rival WCKT. That meant it had to battle for listeners and advertisers.
In 1994, the station was bought by Renda Broadcasting for \$4 million. Following its sale, it took the name \"Gator Country 101.9.\" (Gator is a shortened form of the word \"alligator,\" an animal common in South Florida swamps.) The station changed its call letters to WWGR and began using the slogan \"Southwest Florida\'s Country Station\".
In April 2013, two air personalities on WWGR told listeners that dihydrogen monoxide, a scientific description of water, was coming out of their water taps, as part of an April Fool\'s Day hoax. This caused some alarm and the two were suspended for a few days. The station\'s general manager, Tony Renda made the decision. Renda later told *The Fort Myers News-Press*: \"It is one thing when radio stations change their format or other crazy things they do. But you are messing with one of the big three, food, water or shelter. They just went too far; I just knew I didn\'t like that.\" The prank resulted in several calls by consumers to the local utility company, which sent out a release stating that the water was safe.
In 2005, WWGR moved its studios from Fort Myers to Bonita Springs, just across the street from the Naples-Fort Myers Greyhound Track. The building houses WWGR and sister stations WSGL, WJGO, and WGUF
| 403 |
WWGR
| 0 |
10,154,733 |
# 2005 Formula Nippon Championship
The **2005 Formula Nippon Championship** was contested over 9 rounds, 8 teams and 17 drivers competed in the series. All teams had to use Lola B3/51 chassis and Mugen Honda (Mugen MF308) engines.
## Teams and drivers {#teams_and_drivers}
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| Team | \# | Driver | Chassis | Engine | Rounds |
+===============================+====+====================+============+=============+========+
| DoCoMo Team Dandelion Racing | 1 | Richard Lyons | Lola B3/51 | Mugen MF308 | All |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| | 2 | Naoki Hattori | | | All |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| Kondo Racing Team | 3 | Sakon Yamamoto | Lola B3/51 | Mugen MF308 | All |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| | 4 | Jaroslav Janiš | | | 1--3 |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| | | Ronnie Quintarelli | | | 4--9 |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| Team 5ZIGEN | 5 | Tsugio Matsuda | Lola B3/51 | Mugen MF308 | All |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| Forum Engineering Team LeMans | 7 | Tatsuya Kataoka | Lola B3/51 | Mugen MF308 | All |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| | 8 | Takeshi Tsuchiya | | | All |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| Team Cerumo\ | 11 | Katsuyuki Hiranaka | Lola B3/51 | Mugen MF308 | All |
| Takagi Planning with Cerumo | | | | | |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| | 12 | Toranosuke Takagi | | | All |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| mobilecast Team Impul | 19 | Benoît Tréluyer | Lola B3/51 | Mugen MF308 | All |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| | 20 | Yuji Ide | | | All |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| arting Racing Team with Impul | 23 | Satoshi Motoyama | Lola B3/51 | Mugen MF308 | All |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| Carrozzerria Team MOHN | 27 | Masanobu Kato | Lola B3/51 | Mugen MF308 | 1 |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| | 28 | Hideki Noda | | | All |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| PIAA Nakajima Racing | 31 | André Lotterer | Lola B3/51 | Mugen MF308 | All |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
| | 32 | Takashi Kogure | | | All |
+-------------------------------+----+--------------------+------------+-------------+--------+
## Race calendar and results {#race_calendar_and_results}
All races were held in Japan.
Round Track Date Pole Position Fastest Lap Winner Team
------- ------------------ ------------- ------------------ -------------------- ------------------ -----------------------------
1 Twin Ring Motegi 3 April Yuji Ide Katsuyuki Hiranaka Richard Lyons DoCoMoTeam Dandelion Racing
2 Suzuka Circuit 17 April Benoît Tréluyer Takashi Kogure Yuji Ide mobilecast Team Impul
3 Sportsland SUGO 15 May Takashi Kogure Hideki Noda Satoshi Motoyama arting Team Impul
4 Fuji Speedway 5 June Richard Lyons Tsugio Matsuda Benoît Tréluyer mobilecast Team Impul
5 Suzuka Circuit 3 July Satoshi Motoyama Yuji Ide Satoshi Motoyama arting Team Impul
6 Mine Circuit 31 July Benoît Tréluyer Yuji Ide Yuji Ide mobilecast Team Impul
7 Fuji Speedway 28 August Richard Lyons Satoshi Motoyama André Lotterer Nakajima Racing
8 Twin Ring Motegi 23 October Satoshi Motoyama Sakon Yamamoto Satoshi Motoyama arting Team Impul
9 Suzuka Circuit 27 November Tsugio Matsuda Benoît Tréluyer André Lotterer PIAA Nakajima Racing
Calendar changes
- The race in Sepang International Circuit was dropped, while Fuji returned with two races
| 509 |
2005 Formula Nippon Championship
| 0 |
10,154,734 |
# Mulligan Stew (TV series)
***Mulligan Stew*** is an American children\'s educational television series, produced and sponsored by the USDA Extension Service and its youth outreach program, 4-H.
Taking its name from the dish, *Mulligan Stew* aired in syndication beginning in the fall of 1972 and continued in reruns on public television into the early 80s.
The six-episode series follows the adventures of a group of five school-age musicians and their mentor, all dedicated to teaching others about good nutrition and developing healthier eating habits. The series, along with various educational materials including a companion comic book with additional adventures of the characters, was developed by the Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service.
## Overview
The series centers on the humorous adventures of a group of five school-aged kids who are all members of a rock band called \"Mulligan Stew\" (also referred to as the \"Stews\" or the \"Mulligan Stew Force\").
The band members are:
- **Mulligan** (Larry Friedman), the leader; occasionally plays guitar
- **Maggie** (Sherry Wright), identified by her long blond pigtailed hair; keyboards
- **Mike** (Steven Einbender), an Italian; drums
- **Manny** (Benjamin Sands), a Black preteen; bass
- **Micki** (Mi-On Hahm), a young Asian girl; guitar
(Mulligan, Maggie and Micki all sing lead vocals on most of the band\'s songs while Mike and Manny usually handle backing vocals.) The group\'s clubhouse is a basement in a brownstone apartment, fully furnished with a kitchen, shortwave radio, home gym, laboratory, and even a small stage where they rehearse their music.
Their grownup advisor and mentor is **Wilbur Dooright** (Barry Michlin), a bespectacled, bumbling accountant who, in some episodes, gives the kids their assignments \"from upstairs\", assumed to be a secret government organization (paying homage to the spy films and TV shows of the day). Wilbur provides much of the comic relief throughout the series.
## \"4-4-3-2\" balanced diet message {#balanced_diet_message}
An integral and ubiquitous part of the program\'s message was the \"4-4-3-2\" balanced diet program, part of the standard USDA nutrition guidelines/recommendations promoted during the 1960s and 1970s. The use of dietary supplements was strongly discouraged; it was taught that all nutritional needs, including the proper intake of vitamins, minerals, fats and carbohydrates, could be adequately obtained solely by adhering to a balanced diet, with appropriate servings from the \"basic four\" food groups. This message was enthusiastically repeated by the children several times per episode. (The \"basic four\" food groups were updated by USDA in subsequent decades by the 1990s-era \"Food Guide Pyramid\" and the current \"MyPlate\" nutritional guidelines program.)
| 422 |
Mulligan Stew (TV series)
| 0 |
10,154,734 |
# Mulligan Stew (TV series)
## Production and development {#production_and_development}
*Mulligan Stew* was developed in early 1971 by the USDA Extension Service, and filmed by the USDA Motion Picture Service (which for many years prior produced educational cinematic films and TV programs for public viewing). *Mulligan Stew* was developed based on plan and design proposals by Developmental Committees, Iowa State University Extension Service 4-H Nutrition Television Programs. The Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) provided a grant to produce the series. (4-H is the official youth outreach and development program of the land-grant universities\' Cooperative Extension Services and USDA.)
The target audience of the program was older elementary school students, fourth through sixth grade.
Eleanor Wilson, the national 4-H TV coordinator at the time, was tapped to be the series\' technical advisor. Wilson subcontracted with Iowa State University to develop an outline of educational concepts for the series. USDA Extension then hired Ira Klugerman to direct the series. Klugerman, who came from a background of children\'s television at WQED in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, came up with the title and general treatment for the series. V. \"Buddy\" Renfro was the credited producer.
Production began on location in southeast Washington, DC in 1971 (the opening sequence was filmed at RFK Stadium). Other filming locations included major production partner Michigan State University\'s home base of Lansing, Michigan, and on location for one episode at Johnson Space Center in Houston. The low budget of the project proved to be a significant challenge, as well as the unique challenges of working with child actors.
The producers wanted the style of the series to reflect trends begun in other popular and innovative TV shows such as *Sesame Street* and *Laugh-In*. Puppetry and animation were frequently used. Sometimes one or two of the kids would conduct \"man-on-the-street\" interviews, asking ordinary citizens about nutrition-related topics. All of the music, including the theme song and the various songs sung by the kids during an episode (many times in musical \"romps\" reminiscent of the ones seen on *The Monkees* TV series), were composed and arranged by Washington, DC musician and recording engineer Paul Brier, and performed by a rock combo credited on screen as \"The Eye\".
*Mulligan Stew* premiered on October 4, 1972, during the National 4-H Week at the National 4-H Center in Washington, DC. The program was considered a success, especially by previous standards for television outreach sponsored by 4-H. The series had a moderate impact on kids making better choices in what they ate, and provided 4-H with a sizable marketing, promotional and public relations boost. Thanks in part to the popularity of *Mulligan Stew*, 4-H membership was boosted to an all-time high in 1974, and the series continued to air in reruns on public television until 1981.
| 461 |
Mulligan Stew (TV series)
| 1 |
10,154,734 |
# Mulligan Stew (TV series)
## Episode list {#episode_list}
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| № | Title |
+=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+======================================+
| 1 | \"**The Great Nutrition Turn On**\" |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Wilbur and the Stews are given a secret assignment to travel to the town of Lazy Susan and rescue the lethargic locals, whose energy is being sapped from poor eating habits. On the way, the gang stops by a 4-H Fair and samples the exhibits. | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| 2 | \"**Look Inside Yourself**\" |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| The Stews explain the basics of nutrition and digestion, as well as the importance of eating breakfast; they explain this to two lethargic and grouchy teenagers (played by two uncredited young actors) they have been assigned to help. Then-Washington Senators manager and baseball legend Ted Williams makes a cameo appearance in the pre-opening teaser; Senators star player Frank Howard makes a cameo later in the episode. | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| 3 | \"**The Flim Flam Man**\" |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| The Stews shun Mulligan when he refuses to follow the direction of a macrobiotics-like fad diet promoter, who tricks the rest of the kids into trying his fad diets. A concerned Mulligan frantically seeks assistance from Wilbur, who engages the con man in a nutritional duel. Mulligan is ultimately proven correct, but not without some anguish on everyone\'s part. | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| 4 | \"**Getting It All Together**\" |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| The Stews enlist suggestions from friends and family as they help prepare a buffet for an international 4-H conference, to spotlight the nutritional value of international foods. | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| 5 | \"**Countdown 4-4-3-2**\" |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| With a rescue bag of food in tow, the Stews come to Wilbur\'s aid when he chooses a dark and stormy night for a camp-out. In some segments, the kids visit Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, and interview Dr. Malcom Smith (chief nutritionist for NASA) and astronauts Jack Swigert and Joseph Kerwin. The overall theme is how innovations in food science, such as freeze-drying and aquaculture, have the possibility to meet the nutritional needs of a growing population. | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| 6 | \"**The Racer That Lost His Edge**\" |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| With the help of a balanced diet, a sidelined race car driver regains his proper racing weight and returns to action --- and his gout is alleviated as well. | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
## Guest appearances {#guest_appearances}
Several celebrities or future celebrities made uncredited appearances, either as part of the main storyline or in brief segments; among these were Richard Sanders who later gained fame playing Les Nessman on *WKRP in Cincinnati*. Ordinary citizens were interviewed by the kids in selected segments of some episodes in a \"man on the street\" format.
- Larry Friedman (Mulligan) performed in the musical *Rasputin* with Ted Neeley and John Hurt.
- Mion Hahm (Micki) is a realtor in Florida.
- Steve Einbender (Mike) is Senior Manager of Customer Analytics for The Home Depot, in Atlanta, Georgia. He still plays drums.
- Benjamin Sands (Manny) is a music teacher in the Washington, D.C. area.
- Sherry Wright (Maggie) pursued an acting and singing career while living in Alexandria, Virginia; she died in July 2009.
- Barry Michlin (Wilbur) had a number of minor roles throughout the 1970s and 1980s, and also made recurring appearances in several TV commercials including for Arm & Hammer Baking Soda with actress Beverly Sanders. He is a photographer based in Los Angeles
| 579 |
Mulligan Stew (TV series)
| 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.