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**Wark Forest** is the southern part of Kielder Forest in Northumberland, England. Wark Forest is found within the south-west tip of Northumberland National Park. It is near the village of Wark on Tyne to the south
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**Leon Max** (born **Leonid Maksovich Rodovinsky**; *Леонид Максович Родовинский*; 12 February 1954) is a Russian-American fashion designer and retailer.
## Early life {#early_life}
Max was born in Leningrad, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg), in 1954, to a playwright and a civil engineer. His father\'s mother was Jewish which allowed him to leave the Soviet Union in 1974. He then sought political asylum to Vienna on his way to Israel. He later enrolled at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York City. He became a naturalized United States citizen in 1986, at which time he legally changed his name to Leon Max.
## Career
He worked as a personal trainer in New York. He then worked for the New York fashion house Tahari, and then Los Angeles-based Bis, a women's sportswear firm.
He founded **Max Studio** in 1979. An upmarket fashion chain, Max Studio sells through department stores. It also has 46 of its own retail stores in the U.S. and another 50 in the Far East.
In July 2012, he received an honorary degree from the University of Northampton.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Max has been married three times, and has three children. His first two marriages ended in divorce. His first marriage was to model Kim Reynolds, mother of his daughter, Sophie Max for whom he named a clothing line. His second marriage with Ame Austin, an American model and stylist, ended with his 2009 divorce fillings. In 2014, he married Yana Boyko, a Ukrainian model.
In 2005, he purchased Easton Neston in Northamptonshire, England from Lord Hesketh. He converted the 10000 sqft fire damaged Wren wing of the house, plus the outbuildings which were the home of defunct Formula One team Hesketh Racing, into a design studio. The interior design was done by Lady Henrietta Spencer-Churchill. In July 2011, a party was thrown at Easton Neston to celebrate the completion of its renovation. It was hosted by Richard Dennen, Mary Charteris and Josephine de La Baume.
In 2010, he purchased a house formerly owned by Madonna in the Hollywood Hills, near the Hollywood Sign in Los Angeles, California.
According to *The Sunday Times* in 2020, Max has a net worth of £410 million
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**Michael Hudson** (born February 6, 1967) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre, and amateur race car driver, who played in the National Hockey League between 1988 and 1997. He has 4 beautiful daughters, with his youngest and favorite attending the University of Southern California.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Hudson grew up playing hockey in his hometown of Guelph, Ontario before advancing to Major Junior Hockey with the Hamilton Steelhawks and Sudbury Wolves. Hudson played for seven NHL teams. At the age of 30 Hudson traveled overseas to play in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga for the Adler Mannheim settling there for two years before retiring in 1999. In 416 NHL games Hudson recorded 49 goals and 87 assists for 136 career points. He won a Stanley Cup championship in 1994 with the New York Rangers.
## Career statistics {#career_statistics}
### Regular season and playoffs {#regular_season_and_playoffs}
Regular season
------------ --------------------- -------- ----- ----------------
Season Team League GP G
1984--85 Hamilton Steelhawks OHL 50 10
1985--86 Hamilton Steelhawks OHL 7 3
1985--86 Sudbury Wolves OHL 59 35
1986--87 Sudbury Wolves OHL 63 40
1987-88 Saginaw Hawks IHL 75 18
1988-89 Saginaw Hawks IHL 30 15
1988--89 Chicago Blackhawks NHL 41 7
1989--90 Chicago Blackhawks NHL 49 9
1990-91 Indianapolis Ice IHL 3 1
1990--91 Chicago Blackhawks NHL 55 7
1991--92 Chicago Blackhawks NHL 76 14
1992--93 Chicago Blackhawks NHL 36 1
1992--93 Edmonton Oilers NHL 5 0
1993--94 New York Rangers NHL 48 4
1994--95 Pittsburgh Penguins NHL 40 2
1995--96 Toronto Maple Leafs NHL 27 2
1995--96 St
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**Helgenæs** is a peninsula, approximately twenty square kilometres in size, stretching out from Mols in Denmark. Mols is itself part of the large peninsula of Djursland, in the middle of the Kattegat sea between Denmark and Sweden.
West of Helgenæs, 16 kilometres across the Bay of Aarhus, lies Aarhus, the second-largest city in Denmark. Ten kilometres to the east is the small coastal town of Ebeltoft, with a well-developed tourism industry comprising marinas and summer rentals in the surrounding countryside, including Helgenæs. Five kilometres to the northwest is Skødshoved, another minor peninsula of Mols. Villages on Helgenæs are Kongsgårde, Borup and Fejrup. Just north of Helgenæs is the large recently inaugurated Mols Bjerge National Park, comprising most of the entire Djursland region.
## Etymology
The name, Helgenæs, derives from Danish words *hellig* (holy) and *næs* (headland), and the earliest written sources from 1230, spelled it \"Hælghænæs\". Inhabitants of Helgenæs are known as *Helboere* (singular: *Helbo*).
## History
As nearly all of Denmark, Helgenæs was formed at the end of the last ice age some 12,000 years ago. The narrowest part of the peninsula, Dragsmur, is 240 meters wide. It is said that the Vikings, when sailing in and out of the Bay of Aarhus transported their longships across the narrow section, perhaps by rolling them on tree trunks. By doing this, they were able to save approximately 4 nmi of travel.
The waters around Helgenæs was the site of a larger naval battle in 1043, when the exiled king Sven Estridsen attacked and battled King Magnus the Good here in order to reclaim the throne of Denmark. Sven lost, but regained the throne only a few years later, as Magnus died by other means in 1047.
The local association of \"Helgenæs Præstegård\" was established in 2011 in order to mediate the cultural history of Helgenæs to both locals and visitors alike. They are based in a restored former parsonage farmhouse just east of Fejrup.
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## Tourism
Tourists from other parts of Denmark, other Scandinavian countries such as Sweden and Norway, and Germany often visit Helgenæs and represents a considerable percentage of the population in the summer. Especially the town of Fejrup and the hills of Stødovbakker have many summer rentals.
The hilly countryside with a long and accessible coastline in a mild, not to hot, summer climate is an attraction. Sletterhage Fyr, an old lighthouse in southwestern Helgenæs, and Tyskertårnet, a concrete watchtower built during the German occupation in World War II, are also visited by many guests. In the southwestern part of Helgenæs, in the town of Ørby, is a gallery with the paintings of Bo Bendixen, a noted Danish painter.
The main shopping facility on Helgenæs is the small \"Dagli\'Brugsen\" supermarket in the village of Kongsgårde. Chiefly (though not only) in the summer, tiny stands in the roadside sell honey, fruits, potatoes, eggs or even homemade souvenirs; these are scattered all over the peninsula, although mostly in main streets going through towns. These small stands are normally unmanned, and payment works on the honor system.
Stødov Kirke is the only church on Helgenæs, and in a small building close to the church lies a museum of local history. In the middle of Helgenæs is also a community house, where summer and Christmas parties are held.
There is an exhibit at the Sletterhage lighthouse, with modern and old navigational instruments, and a geological exhibition, showing how the Helgenæs landscape was formed during the ice ages. On display are also characteristic stones that can be found on the beaches, that can be traced back to different prehistoric volcanoes in Norway and Sweden, brought to the area by ice sheet movements.
Helgenæs Naturefterskole; is an independent boarding school on Helgenæs, for lower secondary students with educational focus on nature and outdoor activities, including angling from the shores of Helgenæs.
## Transport
Bus route 361 goes between Helgenæs and Rønde once an hour in weekdays between 05:00 and 18:00, going counter-clockwise around the peninsula. This connects Helgenæs with other bus routes going to larger cities such as Århus, Grenå, Ebeltoft and Randers
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***On The Wire*** is a radio programme originally broadcast on BBC Radio Lancashire presented by Steve Barker.
## History
The show was first broadcast on 16 September 1984. In the 1980s the show was broadcast on Sunday afternoons 2-5pm. *On the Wire*\'s first guests were Adrian Sherwood and Keith le Blanc. Sherwood and Dub Syndicate provide the show\'s theme music. The guests on the second week of the show were Depeche Mode.
*On the Wire* was one of the first shows in the UK to play hip-hop, house music and techno music. It gave the first radio plays in the UK for Derrick May and Kevin Saunderson and the radio premier of 808 State\'s \"Pacific State\" and A Guy Called Gerald\'s \"Voodoo Ray\". Andy 'Madhatter' Holmes and Pete Haigh have provided since 1986 the once-a-month Funkology show. Michael \"Fenny\" Fenton has a weekly slot on the show where he plays music from the local music scene.
At the beginning of the 1990s *On the Wire* was under threat from the BBC, but at the last minute the show was saved by the BBC board, with the show being described as a 'unique BBC product'. Brian \"Planet\" Jackson and John Peel were key figures in saving the programme. When the programme was saved it moved to a new slot on Thursday evenings, and then on Saturday evenings for the rest of the show\'s run.
Guests on the show have included Lee Perry, Mark E Smith, Half Man Half Biscuit, Kelly Joe Phelps, Alvin Youngblood Hart, Jeb Loy Nichols and Blood and Fire. Highlight shows include: *An Xmas party at the Ritz in Manchester* including Sherwood with Gary Clail, 808 State, A Guy Called Gerald, Little Annie and Neneh Cherry; putting on The Fall free at Clitheroe Castle and the three hour dub special shows.
From 2003 to 2012, Steve Barker contributed from Beijing with the invaluable help of Christiaan Virant, American exile and co-founder of the China-based nu electronic unit FM3.
Engineers on the show have included Mikey Martin, Jethro (known on the net as 'Culf') and current engineer, Jim Ingham.
The forerunner to *On the Wire* was called *Spin Off* and it was broadcast on BBC Radio Blackburn (later BBC Radio Lancashire) on Tuesday and Thursday evenings from 6pm to 7pm. The programme was presented by Steve Barker and produced by Ian Cook (Education Producer).
*On the Wire* was terminated by the BBC in March 2020, as part of a Covid-related scaling back of BBC Local Radio services, and Barker was informed that his contract would not be renewed. *On the Wire* has been revived on community radio station Slack City Radio in Manchester, Brighton, Portsmouth and Norwich and continues at MixCloud
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**Earl Wilson** (April 18, 1906 -- April 27, 1990) was an American educator and politician who served 11 terms as a United States representative from Indiana during the mid-20th century.
## Political career {#political_career}
Wilson decided to enter politics and in 1940 he narrowly defeated New Deal Democrat incumbent Eugene B. Crowe 71,624--69,227 and was elected as the Republican Representative for Indiana\'s 9th congressional district. He served in the United States Congress until 1958, when he was defeated by Earl Hogan for reelection. In 1960, he defeated Hogan and was returned to Congress in 1961. Wilson won reelection in 1962.\]. In 1964 Wilson was defeated for reelection by Democrat Lee Hamilton 74,939 -- 62,780. Wilson did not vote in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964, despite voting in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in the first House vote on February 10, 1964. However, he voted present on the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
While in Congress, Wilson was influential in moving Samuel Woodfill\'s body from Madison, Indiana to Arlington National Cemetery.
## Later career and death {#later_career_and_death}
After his loss to Hamilton in 1964 Wilson was elected to the Indiana State Senator serving there from 1969 to 1976. He was a resident of Bedford, Indiana, until his death on April 27, 1990
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Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation\'s poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). `{{Year topic navigation|1951|poetry|literature}}`{=mediawiki}
## Events
- Poet Cid Corman begins *Origin* magazine in response to the failure of a magazine that Robert Creeley had planned. The magazine typically features one writer per issue and runs, with breaks, until the mid-1980s. Poets featured include Robert Creeley, Robert Duncan, Larry Eigner, Denise Levertov, William Bronk, Theodore Enslin, Charles Olson, Louis Zukofsky, Gary Snyder, Lorine Niedecker, Wallace Stevens, William Carlos Williams and Paul Blackburn. The magazine also leads to the establishment of Origin Press, which publishes books by a similar range of poets.
- *Bad Lord Byron*, a film directed by David MacDonald about the Romantic poet.
- Czesław Miłosz, Polish poet, translator, literary critic, future (1980) winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, becomes an exile this year.
- The Dolmen Press is founded in Dublin, Ireland by Liam and Josephine Miller to provide a publishing outlet for Irish poets and artists. The Press operates in Dublin from 1951 until Liam Miller\'s death in 1987.
## Works published in English {#works_published_in_english}
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet\'s native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
### Canada
- Irving Layton, *The Black Huntsmen: Poems*. Montreal.
- Tom MacInnes, *In the Old of my Age*
- Duncan Campbell Scott, *Selected Poems*, edited by E. K. Brown
- A. J. M. Smith, *The Worldly Muse*
- Kay Smith, *Footnote to the Lord\'s Prayer and Other Poems*
- Raymond Souster, *City Hall Street*. Toronto: Ryerson.
- Anne Wilkinson, *Counterpoint to Sleep*
### New Zealand {#new_zealand}
- James K. Baxter, *Recent Trends in New Zealand Poetry*, scholarship
- Allen Curnow, editor, *A Book of New Zealand Verse 1923-50*, anthology
- Denis Glover, *Sings Harry*, New Zealand
- M. H. Holcroft, *Discovered Isles*, scholarship
- Louis Johnson:
- Editor, *New Zealand Poetry Yearbook*, first annual edition, anthology
- *The Sun Among the Ruins*
- *Roughshod Among the Lilies*
- Charles Spear, *Twopence Coloured*
- Hubert Witheford, *The Falcon Mark*
### United Kingdom {#united_kingdom}
- W. H. Auden, *Nones*, including the poem \"In Praise of Limestone\"
- E. C. Bentley, *Clerihews Complete*
- Basil Bunting, *Seeds*, a long poem, published by *Poetry magazine*
- Roy Campbell, *Light on a Dark Horse*, autobiography
- Charles Causley:
- *Farewell Aggie Weston*
- *Hands to Dance*
- Jack Clemo, *The Clay Verge*
- Keith Douglas, *Collected Poems*
- Robert Graves, *Poems and Satires*
- James Kirkup, *The Submerged Village, and Other Poems*
- John Lehmann, *The Age of the Dragon*
- Iona and Peter Opie, *The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes*
- *Poems of Today*, British poetry anthology, fourth series
- Enoch Powell, *The Wedding Gift & Dancer's End (London: Falcon Press,)* .
- Anne Ridler, *The Golden Bird, and Other Poems*
- Alan Ross, *Poetry, 1945--1950*
- John Wain, *Mixed Feelings*
### United States {#united_states}
- W. H. Auden, *Nones*, English-born poet living and published in the United States
- John Malcolm Brinnin, *The Sorrows of Cold Stone*
- John Ciardi, *From Time to Time*, including \"My Father\'s Watch\"
- Langston Hughes, *Montage of a Dream Deferred*, including \"Harlem\"
- Randall Jarrell:
- *Losses*, New York: Harcourt, Brace
- *The Seven-League Crutches*, New York: Harcourt, Brace
- Hugh Kenner, *The Poetry of Ezra Pound*, highly influential in causing a re-assessment of Pound\'s poetry (New Directions), criticism
- Robert Lowell, *The Mills of the Kavanaughs*, New York: Harcourt, Brace
- James Merrill, *First Poems*
- Marianne Moore, *Collected Poems*, winner of both the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award for poetry in 1952
- Ogden Nash, *Parents Keep Out*
- Adrienne Rich, *A Change of World*, her first volume, selected by W. H. Auden for the Yale Series of Younger Poets
- Theodore Roethke, *Praise to the End!*, 13 long poems about a child\'s sensibility and developing consciousness
- Louis Simpson, *Good News of Death and Other Poems*, Jamaican-born poet living in the United States
- Clark Ashton Smith, *The Dark Chateau*
- Jean Toomer, *Cane*
- Theodore Weiss, *The Catch*
- William Carlos Williams:
- *Paterson*, Book IV
- *The Collected Earlier Poems*
- *The Autobiography of William Carlos Williams*
### Other in English {#other_in_english}
- Nagendranath Gupta, editor and translator, *Eastern Poetry*, Allahabad: Indian Press, second edition, Bombay: Hind Kitabs (first edition 1929), anthology; Indian poetry in English
- Louis Simpson, \'*\'Good News of Death and Other Poems*, Jamaican-born poet living in the United States
- Rex Ingamells, *The Great South Land*, Melbourne, a history of Australia from primordial times, Australia
## Works published in other languages {#works_published_in_other_languages}
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## Works published in other languages {#works_published_in_other_languages}
### France
- Pierre Jean Jouve, *Ode*
- Alphonse Métérié, *Proella*
- Jacques Prévert:
- *Histoires*
- *Spectacle*
- Jules Supervielle, *Naissances*
- Frédéric Jacques Temple, *Foghorn*
### India
In each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:
- Rajendra Shah, *Andolan*, Gujarati language
- Binod Chandra Nayak, Oriya:
- *Nilacandrara Upatyaka*
- *Candra O tara*
- Hem Barua, *Balichandra*, Indian, Assamese
- Mangalacharan Chattopadhyay, *Mergh Brsti Jar*, Bengali
- Sumitra Kumari Sinha, *Panthini*, Hindi-language
- Sundaram, *Yatra* Gujarati language
- V. A. Anandakkuttan, *Dipavali*, Malayalam
- Naresh Guha, *Duranta Dupur*, Bengali
- Ajneya, editor, *Dusara Saptak*, Hindi, influential anthology in the *Nai Kavita* (\"New Poetry\") movement, which has been said to have started with this book, which contains poetry from Bhavani Prasad Misra, Sakunta Mathur, Hari Narayan Vyas, Shamasher Bahadur Singh, Naresh Mehta, Raghuvir Sahay and Dharamvir Bharati (see also *Tar Saptak* 1943)
### Other
- Simin Behbahani, *Seh-tar-e Shekasteh* (\"The Broken Lute\"), Persia
- Alberto de Lacerda, *Poemas*, Portugal
- Hushang Ebtehaj (H. E. Sayeh) سراب (\"Mirage\"), Persian poet published in Iran
- Uri Zvi Greenberg, *Reḥovot Hanahar* (\"The Streets of the River\"), poems lamenting the loss of Jews in Europe; Hebrew-language, Israel
- Cesare Pavese, *Verrà la morte ed avrà i tuoi occhi* (\"Death Will Come and Will Have Your Eyes\"), Turin: Einaudi; Italy
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## Awards and honors {#awards_and_honors}
- Nobel Prize in Literature: Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish poet, author, playwright and writer
- Guggenheim Fellowship awarded to E.E. Cummings
- National Book Award for Poetry: Wallace Stevens, *The Auroras of Autumn*
- Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Carl Sandburg, *Complete Poems*
- Bollingen Prize: John Crowe Ransom
- Canada: Governor General\'s Award, poetry or drama: *The Mulgrave Road*, Charles Bruce
## Births
Death years link to the corresponding \"\[year\] in poetry\" article:
- January 1 -- Abul Bashar, Bengali poet and writer
- January 29 -- Neil Shepard, American poet, essayist, professor of creative writing and literary magazine editor
- February 23 -- Leevi Lehto (died 2019), Finnish poet, translator and programmer
- March 12 -- Susan Musgrave, Canadian poet and children\'s author
- March 21 -- Lesley Choyce, Canadian novelist, writer, children\'s book writer, poet, and academic, founder of Pottersfield Press, host of the television program \"Choyce Words\" and \"Off the Page\"; born in the United States and immigrated to Canada in 1979
- April 5 -- Lillian Allen, Canadian dub poet
- April 21 -- Brigit Pegeen Kelly, American poet and academic, daughter of author Robert Glynn Kelly and married to poet Michael Madonick
- April 22 -- Andrew Hudgins, American poet, essayist and academic
- May 9:
- Christopher Dewdney, Canadian poet, writer, artist, creative writing teacher and writer in residence at various universities
- Jorie Graham, American poet and academic
- Joy Harjo, Native-American poet, musician and author
- May 30 -- Garrett Hongo, American poet and academic, born in Volcano, Hawaii
- June 20:
- Paul Muldoon Irish poet living in the United States
- Noel Rowe (died 2007), Australian, poet, writer, academic and Roman Catholic priest in the Marist order
- July 10 -- Robert Priest, English-born Canadian poet and children\'s author
- July 25 -- Angela Jackson, African American
- September 13 -- Suzanne Lummis, American poet, teacher and co-founder of the Los Angeles Poetry Festival
- October 8 -- Jenny Boult, also known as \"MML Bliss\" (died 2005), Australian
- October 12 -- Peter Goldsworthy, Australian poet, novelist, short-story writer, opera librettist and medical practitioner
- November 13 -- Robert Hilles, Canadian poet and novelist
- December 13 -- Anne-Marie Alonzo (died 2005), Canadian playwright, poet, novelist, critic and publisher
- Also:
- Ralph Angel, American poet and translator
- Robin Becker, American
- Peter Boyle, Australian
- Ron Charach, Canadian
- Peter Christensen, Canadian
- Stephen Edgar, Australian poet, editor and indexer
- James Galvin, American poet, novelist and writer
- Robert Harris (died 1993), Australian
- Peter Johnson, American
- Jill Jones, Australian poet and writer
- Anne Kellas, South African poet, critic and editor, immigrant to Australia
- Kim Maltman, Canadian poet and physicist
- Pi O, \"П O\", Australian poet and anarchist
- Betsy Struthers, Canadian poet and novelist
- Ania Walwicz, Australian poet, writer and artist
- Afaa M. Weaver, American
- Robert Wrigley, American poet and academic
- Eddy Yanofsky, American
- Ray A
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**Hôrka** (`{{IPA|sk|ˈɦʊɔrka}}`{=mediawiki}) is a village and municipality in Poprad District in the Prešov Region of northern Slovakia.
## Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 610 metres and covers an area of 11.305 km^2^. It has a population of about 1560 people.
## History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1347.
## Economy and infrastructure {#economy_and_infrastructure}
Near the village is a wind park. From cultural sightseeings are interesting early gothic Roman Catholic church and a baroque chapel
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Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation\'s poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
## Events
- Charles Olson publishes his seminal essay, \"Projective Verse\". In this, he calls for a poetry of \"open field\" composition to replace traditional closed poetic forms with an improvised form that should reflect exactly the content of the poem. This form is to be based on the line, and each line is to be a unit of breath and of utterance. The content is to consist of \"one perception immediately and directly (leading) to a further perception\". This essay becomes a kind of *de facto* manifesto for the Black Mountain poets.
- George Oppen and his wife, Mary, move from the United States to Mexico, where their links to Communism are less problematic.
- The *Beloit Poetry Journal* is founded by Robert Glauber and Chad Walsh. It is intended to be a publication of Beloit College since Walsh is an English teacher there.
- Pioneer Press founded in Jamaica.
- Saint Lucia Arts Guild founded by Derek and Roderick Walcott.
## Works published in English {#works_published_in_english}
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet\'s native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
### Canada
- Dorothy Livesay, *Call My People Home*, Canada
- James Wreford Watson, *Of Time and the Lover* (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart).
### India, in English {#india_in_english}
- Sri Aurobindo, *Savitri* ( Poetry in English ), Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashram
- R. Bhagavan, *Poems* ( Poetry in English ), the author\'s first book of poems, Calcutta: Writers Workshop; India .
- Doreen W. Wickremasinghe, editor, *Poems of East & West*, Colombo: Colombo Apothecaries Co., 170 pages; anthology; Ceylon (now Sri Lanka),
### New Zealand {#new_zealand}
- Ursula Bethell, *Collected Poems*, Christchurch: Caxton Press (posthumous)
- Alistair Campbell, *Mine Eyes Dazzle*, Christchurch: Pegasus Press, including \"The Return\" and \"Elegy\"
- M. K. Joseph, *Imaginary Islands*
- Kendrick Smithyman, *The Blind Mountain*, Caxton
- Hubert Witheford, *The Shadow of the Flame*
### United Kingdom {#united_kingdom}
- W. H. Auden, *Collected Shorter Poems 1930-1944*, published March 9; English poet living in the United States at this time
- George Barker, *The True Confession of George Barker*
- Basil Bunting, *Poems: 1950*
- Norman Cameron, *Forgive Me, Sire, and Other Poems*
- Walter de la Mare, *Inward Companion*, published in October
- Robert Duncan, *The Mongrel, and Other Poems*
- David Gascoyne, *A Vagrant, and Other Poems*
- Robert Gittings, *Wentworth Place*.
- John Heath-Stubbs and David Wright, editors, *The Forsaken Garden: An Anthology of Poetry 1824-1909*
- John Heath-Stubbs, *The Swarming of the Bees*
- Margery Lawrence, *Fourteen to Forty-Eight: a diary in verse*
- Ewart Milne, *Diamond Cut Diamond*, Irish poet published in the UK
- Mervyn Peake, *The Glassblowers*
- James Reeves, *The Wandering Moon*
- Jon Silkin, *The Portrait, and Other Poems*
- Stevie Smith, *Harold\'s Leap*
### United States {#united_states}
- **W. H. Auden**, *Collected Shorter Poems 1930-1944* (English poet living at this time in the United States)
- E. E. Cummings, *XAIPE: 71 Poems*
- Leah Bodine Drake, *A Hornbook for Witches*
- Robert Duncan, *Medieval Scenes*
- Richard Eberhart, *An Herb Basket*
- Robert Lowell, *Poems 1938--1949*
- *Mid-Century American Poets*, an anthology including poets who came to prominence in the 1940s, including Robert Lowell, Muriel Rukeyser, Karl Shapiro, Elizabeth Bishop, Theodore Roethke, Randall Jarrell, and John Ciardi
- Theodore Morrison, *The Dream of Alcestis*
- Howard Nemerov, *Guide to the Ruins*
- John Frederick Nims, *A Fountain in Kentucky*
- Ezra Pound, *Seventy Cantos*
- Carl Sandburg, *Complete Poems*
- Delmore Schwartz, *Vaudeville for a Princess*
- William Jay Smith, *Celebration at Dark*
- Wallace Stevens, *The Auroras of Autumn*, includes \"The Auroras of Autumn,\" \"Large Red Man Reading,\" \"In a Bad Time,\" \"The Ultimate Poem Is Abstract,\" \"Bouquet of Roses in Sunlight,\" \"An Ordinary Evening in New Haven,\" and \"A Primitive Like an Orb\"), Knopf
- Peter Viereck, *Strike Through the Mask! New Lyrical Poems*
- Richard Wilbur, *Ceremony and Other Poems*, New York: Reynal and Hitchcock
- William Carlos Williams, *The Collected Later Poems*
### Other in English {#other_in_english}
- Nancy Cato, *The Darkened Window*, Australia
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## Works published in other languages {#works_published_in_other_languages}
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet\'s native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
### France
- Aimé Césaire, *Corps perdu*, Martinique author published in France; Paris: Fragrance
- René Char, *Les Matinaux*
- Jean Follain, *Chef-Lieu*
- Jean Grosjean, *Hypotases*
- Henri Michaux, *Passages*
- Raymond Queneau, *Petite cosmogonie portative*
- Roger-Arnould Rivière, *Nuit et Jour*
- Tristan Tzara, pen name of Sami Rosenstock, *Parler seul*
### Germany
- Berthold Brecht writes the Children\'s Hymn, a poem protesting what he felt was Nazi corruption of the Deutschlandlied.
### Hebrew
- Haim Gouri, *Ad A lot Ha-Shahar* (\"Till Dawn\"), poetry and war diary, Israeli writing in Hebrew
- Hillel Omer (who wrote under the name \"Ayin Hillel\"), *Eretz Ha-Tzohorayim* (\"The Noon Country\"), Publisher: Sifriat Poalim; Israel
### India
Listed in alphabetical order by first name:
- Bhagvati Charan Varma, *Tara*, Hindi verse play
- Bhatt Damodar Kesavaji, pen name Sudhansu *Ramasagar*, Indian, Gujarati
- G. Sankara Kurup, *Odakkuzhal* (The Bamboo Flute), Malayalam
- Buddhidhari Singha, *Aves*, Maithili
- Khalilur Rahman, *A\'inah Khane men*, Urdu
- Madhunapantula Satyanarayanashastri, *Andhra Racayitalu*, Telugu-language poet (surname: Satyanarayanashastri)
- Rentala Gopalakrishna, *Sangharsana* Telugu
- Subhas Mukhopadhyay, *Cirkut*, Bengali
- Sreedhara Menon, *Srirekha*, Malayalam
### Other languages {#other_languages}
- Nezihe Araz, *Benim Dünyam* (\"My World\"), Turkey
- García Baena, *Antiguo Muchacho* (\"Boy of Yore\"); Spain
- Dulce María Loynaz, *Versos*, Cuban poet published in Spain
- Alexander Mezhirov, *Коммунисты, вперёд!* (\"Communists, Ahead!\"), includes the title poem, which was first published in 1948; reprinted 1952
- Pablo Neruda, *Canto General*, Chilean poet
- Nizar Qabbani, *You Are Mine*, Syrian poet writing in Arabic
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## Awards and honors {#awards_and_honors}
- Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (later the post would be called \"Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress\"): Conrad Aiken appointed this year.
- Harriet Monroe Prize from Poetry magazine: E.E. Cummings
- National Book Award for Poetry: William Carlos Williams, *Paterson: Book III and Selected Poems*
- Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Gwendolyn Brooks, *Annie Allen* (first African American winner)
- Bollingen Prize: Wallace Stevens
- Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets: E. E. Cummings
- Canada: Governor General\'s Award, poetry or drama: *Of Time and the Lover*, Charles Wreford Watson [\"Cumulative List of Winners of the Governor General\'s Literary Awards](http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf) `{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514183017/http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf |date=2011-05-14 }}`{=mediawiki}\", Canada Council. Web, Feb. 10, 2011.
<http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf>
## Births
Death years link to the corresponding \"\[year\] in poetry\" article:
- January 1 -- James Richardson, American poet and academic
- January 20 -- Edward Hirsch, American poet and academic
- February 6 -- Deborah Digges (died 2009), American poet and academic
- March 5 -- Jack Bedson, Australian writer, poet, children\'s picture book author and university librarian
- April 4 -- Charles Bernstein, American poet, critic, editor and teacher
- April 28:
- Carolyn Forché, American poet, editor and human rights advocate
- Brian Brett, Canadian poet and novelist
- May 9:
- Christopher Dewdney, avant-garde Canadian poet
- Jorie Graham American poet and the editor of numerous volumes of poetry
- Tato Laviera, Puerto Rician-American poet and author (died 2013)
- May 22 -- Bernie Taupin, English lyricist
- June 5 -- John Yau, American poet and critic
- June 21 -- Anne Carson, Canadian poet, essayist, translator and academic
- July 1 -- Ekram Ali, Indian Bengali poet and critic
- August 7 -- T. R. Hummer, American
- August 8 -- Philip Salom, Australian poet and novelist
- August 12 -- Medbh McGuckian, Northern Ireland poet
- August 20 -- Chase Twichell, American poet and owner of her own publishing company, Ausable Press
- September 1 -- John Forbes (died 1998), Australian
- September 17 -- Narendra Modi, Indian politician and poet
- September 30 -- Shaunt Basmajian (died 1990), Canadian
- October 8 -- Blake Morrison, English poet, critic and writer
- October 24 -- Syed Kawsar Jamal Indian Bengali poet and essayist
- November 20 -- E. Ethelbert Miller, African American
- December 20 -- Sheenagh Pugh, British
- December 24 -- Dana Gioia, American poet who retires early from his career as a corporate executive at General Foods to write full-time and later chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts
- Also:
- Anthony J. Bennett, Australian
- Charles Buckmaster (died 1972), Australian
- Frances Chung (died 1990), American
- Rodney Jones, American poet and academic
- William Logan, American poet, critic and academic
- Muntazir Baba (died 2018), Indian-born Pakistani Pashto poet
- Sandy Shreve, Canadian
- Nicolette Stasko, American-born Australian poet, teacher and editor; has a daughter with David Brooks
- Arthur Sze, American
- Grace Nichols, Guyanese in England
- Komninos Zervos (also known as \"kominos\"), Australian performance poet
## Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding \"\[year\] in poetry\" article:
- March 5 -- Edgar Lee Masters (born 1868), American poet, biographer and dramatist
- May 4 -- William Rose Benét (born 1886), American poet, writer, editor, and the older brother of Stephen Vincent Benét
- May 20 -- John Gould Fletcher (born 1886), Pulitzer Prize-winning American, Imagist poet and author
- August 27 -- Cesare Pavese (born 1908) Italian poet, novelist, literary critic and translator
- October 19 -- Edna St
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***You Bet Your Ass*** is a Canadian game show that aired on The Comedy Network. It followed a blackjack and casino motif, with contestants answering questions on popular culture to earn points. The contestant with the most points at the end of the show was the winner.
Hosted by Canadian comedian Stewart Francis and his co-host, Sitara Hewitt, the show premiered in 2005. As of June 25, 2007, the Comedy Network dropped *You Bet Your Ass* from its weekday lineup, replacing it with reruns of *This Hour Has 22 Minutes*. Reruns of *You Bet Your Ass* began airing in the weekday morning block on April 28, 2008 (replacing *History Bites*).
The series was created by Michael Geddes and Christopher Geddes of *Lone Eagle Entertainment* in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, who are the producers of two other game shows, *Game On* and *Inside the Box*.
The show was taped at the Canadian Broadcasting Centre in Toronto.
## Rounds
The game was played in four rounds.
### Piece of Ass {#piece_of_ass}
In the first round, \"Piece of Ass\", the three contestants are shown a category. Francis says the show\'s \"Hit me\" to reveal a category and the contestant must answer a question for 100 points. The contestant in the left podium begins the round. After seeing the category, a contestant has the option of \"doubling down\", to receive two questions in the category, for 200 points. However, if the contestant gets a question wrong, not only does he lose points corresponding to how much it was worth (100 normally, 200 for a double-down), but the other players have a chance to steal the question. Players are given 1000 points to begin the game. Also, one player may get a wild card instead of a category, and he must choose an opponent from whom to take 500 points if he can answer a single question.
### Dirty Dozen {#dirty_dozen}
Round two was the \"Dirty Dozen\", much like the typical \"lightning round\" on many game shows. 12 questions were asked (4 per contestant), with a spotlight randomly falling on a contestant who must then answer directly. The correct answer to each question serves to segue to the next question. Questions are worth 500 points apiece (100 in season 1), and no points are lost on incorrect responses. In season 1, the contestant who answers was determined before Stewart read the question; however, in season 2, Stewart would read the question and then the contestant would be chosen.
### Up Your Ass {#up_your_ass}
Round three was \"Up Your Ass\". It takes the same form as round one, only with 200 or 400 points at stake, and 1000 points are again given to all players.
### Ass on the Line {#ass_on_the_line}
The final round, \"Ass On The Line\", presented the players with four categories. The player with the lowest score got first choice and could wager any amount up to their total on each of three successive questions in the chosen category, with a minimum bet of 500 points (100 in season 1). The round is over for players who fall below the minimum. The player who began the round in second place chose from the three remaining categories and the same structure applied, followed by the same routine for the player that was leading to begin the round.
### Winning and bonus round {#winning_and_bonus_round}
Whoever had the most points at the completion of the final round won \$500 and then got to see one final category, and could choose to answer one question for a further \$1,000, or to answer two questions for a further \$2,000. Regardless of the choice, it was an all-or-nothing bonus: if, for example, the player opted to answer two questions, but answered the first one correctly and misses the second, they would only win the \$500 for winning the game.
In season 1, the winner could choose to take \$500 or \"double down\" and attempt to answer one final question correctly for \$1,000, but a wrong answer meant he or she got nothing. If a game ended in a tie, the double down question was not offered and the tied contestants split the \$1,000 prize automatically.
## Running gags {#running_gags}
- Sitara wears a different shirt every episode, each one featuring a different motto or creed, such as \"*Brunettes have more fun*\" and \"*My ass is always on the line*.\"
- When a round ends, the sound of a donkey is heard. Occasionally, Stewart would say, \"That\'s my wife, gotta go\".
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## Notable contestants {#notable_contestants}
- Actor Chris Kalhoon, who went on to star with Jennifer Love Hewitt in *The Client List* and Milla Jovovich in *Faces in the Crowd*, was a contestant on the pilot episode.
- Colin Sheppard, who was expelled from *Canada\'s Worst Driver 2*, was a contestant in the second season.
- Boomer Phillips, Andrew Johnston & Trevor Boris, recurring jurors on the hit Canadian show *Video on Trial*, were contestants in the third season
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**Hemianopsia**, or **hemianopia**, is a visual field loss on the left or right side of the vertical midline. It can affect one eye but usually affects both eyes.
**Homonymous hemianopsia** (or **homonymous hemianopia**) is hemianopic visual field loss on the same side of both eyes. Homonymous hemianopsia occurs because the right half of the brain has visual pathways for the left hemifield of both eyes, and the left half of the brain has visual pathways for the right hemifield of both eyes. When one of these pathways is damaged, the corresponding visual field is lost.
## Signs and symptoms {#signs_and_symptoms}
thumb\|Paris as seen with right homonymous hemianopsia Mobility can be difficult for people with homonymous hemianopsia. \"Patients frequently complain of bumping into obstacles on the side of the field loss, thereby bruising their arms and legs.\"
People with homonymous hemianopsia often experience discomfort in crowds. \"A patient with this condition may be unaware of what he or she cannot see and frequently bumps into walls, trips over objects or walks into people on the side where the visual field is missing.\"
A related phenomenon is hemispatial neglect, the possible neglect of the right or left. The patient is not conscious of its existence. The right side of the face is not shaven, make up is applied to one side of the face only and only half of a plate of food is eaten. This, however, is not necessarily due to a sensory abnormality, and is therefore distinct from hemianopsia.
## Causes
Homonymous hemianopsia can be congenital, but is usually caused by brain injury such as from stroke, trauma, tumors, infection, or following surgery.
Vascular and neoplastic (malignant or benign tumours) lesions from the optic tract, to visual cortex can cause a contralateral homonymous hemianopsia. Injury to the right side of the brain will affect the left visual fields of each eye. The more posterior the cerebral lesion, the more symmetric (congruous) the homonymous hemianopsia will be. For example, a person who has a lesion of the right optic tract will no longer see objects on his left side. Similarly, a person who has a stroke to the right occipital lobe will have the same visual field defect, usually more congruent between the two eyes, and there may be macular sparing. A stroke on the right side of the brain (especially parietal lobe), in addition to producing a homonymous hemianopsia, may also lead to the syndrome of hemispatial neglect.
Transient homonymous hemianopsia does not necessarily mean stroke. For instance, it can constitute the aura phase of migraine. Concomitant presence of a moving scintillating scotoma is suggestive of migraine, but has been seen in cerebral cancer as well. Computed tomography (CT scan) or MRI can be used to investigate if stroke, tumor, structural lesion, or demyelination is the cause of homonymous hemianopsia.
## Diagnosis
Homonymous hemianopsia secondary to posterior cerebral artery occlusion -- may result in syndromes of memory impairment, opposite visual field loss (homonymous hemianopsia), and sometimes hemisensory deficits. The PCA supplies the occipital lobe and the medial portion of the temporal lobe.
Infarction of occipital cortex typically causes macular sparing hemianopias due to dual blood supply from both posterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery.
Occlusion of the calcarine artery that results in infarction of the superior part of the occipital lobe causes a lower peripheral visual field defect.
Posterior cerebral artery penetrating branch occlusion may result in infarction of the posterior capsule, causing hemisensory loss, and (if low enough) a transient hemianopia may also occur.
## Management
Prisms or \"field expanders\" that bend light have been prescribed for decades in patients with hemianopsia. Higher power Fresnel (\"stick-on\") prisms are commonly employed because they are thin and lightweight, and can be cut and placed in different positions on a spectacle lens.
Peripheral prism spectacles expand the visual field of patients with hemifield visual defects and have the potential to improve visual function and mobility. Prism spectacles incorporate higher power prisms, with variable shapes and designs. The Gottlieb button prism, and the Peli superior and inferior horizontal bands are some proprietary examples of prism glasses. These high power prisms \"create\" artificial peripheral vision into the non-blind field for obstacle avoidance and motion detection.
Certain counterbalancing brain lesions have also been shown to improve visual deficits in a phenomenon known as the Sprague effect.
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## Etymology
*Homonymous hemianopsia* can be broken down as follows:
- *Homonymous*: (Greek \>ομόνυμος = όμοιος + όνομα (same + name) (having the same name or designation) or standing in the same relation
- *hemi*: ημι-, half
- *anopsia*: α(ν)+όψις = without + sight; blindness
*Homonymous hemianopsia* is also called *homonymous hemianopia*
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7,861,077 |
**Petar Bergamo** (27 February 1930 in Muć near Split -- 4 September 2022 in Zagreb) was a Yugoslav composer.
Bergamo was born in Muć near Split, Croatia, then Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He graduated from the Belgrade Music Academy in 1960, where he studied composition with Stanojlo Rajičić and conducting with Živojin Zdravković. He also completed his post-graduate studies of composition at the same academy (1964) and was an assistant and assistant professor of composition and instrumentation from 1965 to 1972. His students included Mirjana Sistek-Djordjevic. From 1973 to 1976 he was a music editor at Universal Edition in Vienna.
Bergamo wrote two symphonies, works for chorus, children's songs, film scores, and incidental music for radio. His early music is in a late-Romantic style, while his later works show increasing tendencies toward atonality and freedom from traditional forms. Bergamo's works for winds include: *Concerto Abbreviato for clarinet solo*, *I colori d'argento for flute*, *harpsichord and chamber ensemble* (1967), *Concerto per una voce for bassoon* (1975), *Saxophone Concerto* (1991--1993), and *Domande senza ripostà for saxophone and piano* (1996). He lived with his wife in Belgrade
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Links to nations or nationalities point to articles with information on that nation\'s poetry or literature. For example, United Kingdom links to English poetry and Indian links to Indian poetry.
## Events
- January 19 - Starting this year, and continuing to at least 2009, an anonymous black-clad person, who enters popular lore as the Poe Toaster, appears in Baltimore at the Westminster Hall and Burying Ground tomb of American poet Edgar Allan Poe early on the morning of Poe\'s birthday. The man toasts Poe with Cognac and leaves three red roses at the grave (along with the remainder of the Cognac).
- February 19 - American poet Ezra Pound, at this time incarcerated in a psychiatric institution, is awarded the first Bollingen Prize in poetry by the Bollingen Foundation and Yale University provoking a storm of criticism because of his pro-Fascist activities before and during World War II.
- March - Pablo Neruda flees Chile over the Lilpela Pass through the Andes to Argentina on horseback carrying a manuscript of his *Canto General*.
- April 14 - Roy Campbell punches Stephen Spender on the nose at a poetry reading in London.
- October - Publication begins in Italy of *L\'inferno di Topolino*, a graphic parody of Dante\'s *Inferno* featuring Mickey Mouse with text and verse by Guido Martina.
- Indonesian poet Chairil Anwar writes his last poem, \"Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh\" (\"Fir Trees Are Sown Off Into the Distance\"), prior to his death aged 26 on April 28.
- Greek Communist poet Yannis Ritsos, incarcerated during the Communist--centrist/rightist struggle in the Greek Civil War, writes poems which will ultimately see publication twenty-six years later, in the 1975 book, *Petrinos khronos*.
- George Hill Dillon, editor of the journal *Poetry* since 1937, relinquishes his post.
- First issue of *Caribbean Quarterly*, the flagship journal on culture edited at the University of the West Indies, spotlights Caribbean poetry.
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## Works published in English {#works_published_in_english}
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet\'s native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
### Canada
- Raymond Knister, *Collected Poems* ed. Dorothy Livesay.
- James Reaney, *The Red Heart*. **Governor General\'s Award** 1949.
### India, in English {#india_in_english}
- Sri Aurobindo, *Chitrangada* ( Poetry in English ), Bombay: Sri Aurobindo Circle,
### New Zealand {#new_zealand}
- Allen Curnow:
- *The Axe*, a verse play with a Pacific setting (Caxton)
- *At Dead Low Water and Sonnets* (Caxton)
- Basil Dowling, *Canterbury*
### United Kingdom {#united_kingdom}
- Dannie Abse, *After Every Green Thing*
- Edward Andrade, *Poems and Songs*
- Edmund Blunden, *After the Bombing, and Other Short Poems*
- Roy Campbell, *Collected Poems*, Volume 1 (Volume 2 1957, Volume 3 (consisting of translations) 1960)
- C. Day-Lewis, *Collected Poems*, published in March, although the book states \"1948\" (see also *Collected Poems* 1954)
- William Empson, *Collected Poems of William Empson*
- Roy Fuller, *Epitaphs and Occasions*
- Robert Garioch Sutherland, writing under the name \"Robert Garioch\", *Chuckles on the Cairn*
- W. S. Graham, *The White Threshold*
- Geoffrey Grigson, editor, *Poetry of the Present*, anthology
- Christopher Hassall, *The Slow Night*, and Other Poems 1940--8
- James Kirkup, editor, *Leeds University Poetry*, including work by Kirkup, Wilfred Rowland Childe, Derrick Metcalfe, and Kenneth Muir (Hull: Lotus Press)
- Louis MacNeice, *Collected Poems 1925--48*
- Edwin Muir, *The Labyrinth*
- Kathleen Raine, *The Pythoness, and Other Poems*
- James Reeves, *The Imprisoned Sea*
- Edith Sitwell, *The Canticle of the Rose: Poems 1917--1949*
- Stephen Spender, *The Edge of Being*
- W. B. Yeats (d. 1939), *Poems*, \"The Definitive Edition\", Irish poet published in the United Kingdom
### United States {#united_states}
- Conrad Aiken:
- *The Divine Pilgrim*
- *Skylight One*
- Joseph Payne Brennan, *Heart of Earth* (Decker Press)
- Gwendolyn Brooks, *Annie Allen*
- John Ciardi, *Live Another Day*
- Hilda Doolittle, writing under the pen name \"H.D.\", *By Avon River*
- Kenneth Fearing, *Stranger at Coney Island*
- Robert Frost, *Complete Poems*
- Langston Hughes, *One-Way Ticket*
- Kenneth Patchen:
- *Red Wine & Yellow Hair*
- *To Say If You Love Someone*
- Ezra Pound, *Selected Poems*
- Kenneth Rexroth:
- *The Signature of All Things*
- *The Art of Worldly Wisdom\",* Prairie City, Illinois: Decker Press
- Louis Simpson, *The Arrivistes*
- Donald A. Stauffer, *The Golden Nightingale: Essays on Some Principles of Poetry in the Lyrics of William Butler Yeats*, New York: Macmillan, United States criticism
- Peter Viereck, *The Poet in the Machine Age*
- William Carlos Williams:
- *Paterson*, Book III
- *Selected Poems*
### Other in English {#other_in_english}
- Judith Wright, *Woman to Man*, Australian
- W. B. Yeats (d. 1939), *Poems*, \"The Definitive Edition\", Irish poet published in the United Kingdom
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## Works published in other languages {#works_published_in_other_languages}
### France
- Aimé Césaire, *Corps perdu*
- Paul Éluard, pen name of Paul-Eugène Grindel, \'*\'Une leçon de morale*
- Eugene Guilleveic, *Gagner*
- Pierre Jean Jouve, *Diadème*
- Henri Michaux, *Poesie pour pouvoir*, Paris: Drouin
- Pierre Reverdy, *Main d\'oeuvre: 1913--1949*
- Claude Roy, *Le Poète mineur*
- Jules Supervielle, *Oublieuse Mémoire*
- Tristan Tzara, pen name of Sami Rosenstock, *Phases*
### India
In each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:
#### Marathi
- C. V. Karandikar, also known as Vinda Karandikar, *Svedaganga*, India, Marathi-language
- Manmohan, *Yugayugance Sahapravasi*, Indian, Marathi-language (later translated into Hindi under the title *Marsal ki Salami*)
- K. B. Nikumb, *Ujjvala*, Indian, Marathi-language
- Sarachchandra Muktibodh, *Navi Malavat* Indian, Marathi-language
- Shrikrishna Powale, *Jala Mati*, Indian, Marathi-language
#### Other languages of the Indian subcontinent {#other_languages_of_the_indian_subcontinent}
- Chittadhar Hridaya, *Sugata Saurabha*, a Buddhist epic, written in Nepal Bhasa, mostly in prison 1941-46, published in India
- Masood Husain, *Urdu zaban aur adab*, a history, written in Urdu of that language and its literature
- Nilakantha Shastri, translator, *Sri Rama Carita*, translation into Sanskrit of the Tamil-language *Kamba Ramayana*
- Pritam Singh Safir, *Rakt Bundam*, Indian, Punjabi-language
- S. Lalita, translator, *Valarmati*, translation into Tamil from the Indian poetry in English of Rabindranath Tagore\'s *The Crescent Moon*
- Sitaramaiah Kuruganti, *Navyandhra Sahitya Vidhulu*, a four-volume history in Telugu of that language\'s literature
- Umar Alisha, translator, *Umar Khayyam*, translation into Telugu from the Persian of Omar Khayyam\'s *Rubaiyats*
### Other languages {#other_languages}
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet\'s native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
- Alfonso Calderón, *Primer Consejo a los Arcangeles del Viento* (\"First Advice to the Archangels of the Wind\"), Spanish-language, Chile
- Haim Gouri, *Pirhei Esh* (\"Flowers of Fire, Years of Fire\"), Israeli writing in Hebrew
- Eric Knudsen, *Blomsten og sværdet* (\"The Flower and the Sword\"), Denmark
- Alexander Mezhirov, *Новые встречи* (\"New Encounters\"), including \"Communists, Ahead!\", Russia
- Máirtín Ó Direáin, *Rogha Dánta*, Irish poet writing in Irish
- Carlos de Oliveira, *Descida aos Infernos*
- Nizar Qabbani, *Samba*, Syrian poet writing in Arabic
## Awards and honors {#awards_and_honors}
- Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (later the post would be called \"Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress\"): Elizabeth Bishop appointed this year.
- Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Peter Viereck, *Terror and Decorum*
- Bollingen Prize: Ezra Pound
- Canada: Governor General\'s Award, poetry or drama: *The Red Heart*, James Reaney[\"Cumulative List of Winners of the Governor General\'s Literary Awards](http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf) `{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514183017/http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf |date=2011-05-14 }}`{=mediawiki}\", Canada Council. Web, Feb. 10, 2011.
<http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf>
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## Births
Death years link to the corresponding \"\[year\] in poetry\" article:
- January 2 -- Jean Krier (died 2013), Luxembourger poet
- January 6 -- Carolyn D. Wright (died 2016), writing as C. D. Wright, American poet
- January 25 -- Tom Paulin, Northern Irish poet and critic of film, music and literature
- January 27 -- Bruce Weigl, American poet and academic
- February -- Agha Shahid Ali (died 2001), Indian-born English-language poet
- February 6
- Victor Hernández Cruz, Puerto Rico-born American poet
- Eliot Weinberger, American essayist and principal translator of Octavio Paz into English
- March 14 -- Lynn Emanuel, American poet
- April 1 -- Gil Scott-Heron (died 2011), African-American poet, jazz/soul musician and author
- April 13 -- Marilyn Bowering, Canadian poet and novelist
- April 25 -- James Fenton, English journalist, poet, critic and academic
- May 6 -- Olga Broumas, Greek-born English-language poet in the United States
- May 13 -- Christopher Reid, Hong Kong-born English poet, essayist, cartoonist, writer and exponent of Martian poetry
- May 15 -- Alice Major, Scottish-born Canadian poet
- June 21:
- John Agard, playwright, poet and children\'s writer from Guyana, who moves to England in 1977
- Jane Urquhart, Canadian poet and author
- July 1 -- Denis Johnson (died 2017), American writer
- July 5 -- Pier Giorgio di Cicco (died 2019), Italian-Canadian poet
- July 24 -- David St. John, American poet and academic
- July 31 -- Mark O\'Brien (died 1999), American poet
- August 1 -- Jim Carroll (died 2009), American poet, author and punk musician
- August 2 -- Bei Dao (北島, literally \"Northern Island\"), pseudonym of Zhao Zhenkai, Chinese poet, the most notable representative of the Misty Poets, a group of Chinese poets who react against the restrictions of the Cultural Revolution
- August 6 -- Mary di Michele, Italian-born Canadian poet and writer
- August 14 -- Jaroslav Erik Frič (died 2019), Czech poet, musician, publisher and underground culture figure
- September 11 -- David Bottoms, American poet
- September 29 -- Gabriel Rosenstock, Irish poet.
- November 21 -- Liam Rector (died 2007), American poet, essayist and academic
- December 9 -- Eileen Myles, American poet
- Also:
- Cathy Smith Bowers, American poet and teacher, North Carolina Poet Laureate, 2010--2012
- Barbara Ras, American poet
## Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding \"\[year\] in poetry\" article:
- March 2 -- Sarojini Naidu (born 1879), Indian writing Indian poetry in English and political activist
- April 27 -- Evan Morgan, 2nd Viscount Tredegar (born 1893), Welsh poet and occultist
- April 28 -- Chairil Anwar (born 1922), Indonesian poet
- May 5 -- Hideo Nagata 長田秀雄 (born 1885), Shōwa period Japanese poet, playwright and screenwriter (surname: Nagata)
- May 6 -- Maurice Maeterlinck, Belgian poet, playwright and Nobel Laureate
- June 15 -- Ulloor S
| 480 |
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| 3 |
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**Jacob ben Hayyim Zemah** (*יעקב צמח*) was a Portuguese kabalist and physician. He received a medical training in his native country as a Marrano, but fled about 1619 to Safed and devoted himself to the Talmud and the casuists (\"poseḳim\") until 1625; then he went to Damascus, where for eighteen years he studied kabbalah from the Zohar and the writings of Isaac Luria and Hayyim Vital. He finally settled at Jerusalem and opened a yeshivah for the study of the Zohar and other kabbalistic works, David Conforte being for some time one of his pupils.
## Author
Jacob Ẓemaḥ was one of the greatest kabbalists of his period and was a prolific author, his works including treatises of his own as well as compilations of the writings of Ḥayyim Vital. He produced twenty works, of which only two have been published. The first of these is the *Ḳol ba-Ramah* (Korez, 1785), a commentary on the *Idra,* which he began in 1643, and for which he utilized the commentary of Ḥayyim Vital. In the preface to this work he maintained that the coming of the Messiah depended on repentance (\"teshuvah\") and on the study of kabbalah from the Zohar and the writings of Isaac Luria, the delay in the advent of the Messiah being because schools for such study had not been established in every town.
His second published work is the *Nagid u-Meẓawweh* (Amsterdam, 1712), on the mystical meaning of the prayers, this being an abridgment of a compendium which Ẓemaḥ composed on the basis of a more comprehensive treatise.
Among his unpublished works, special mention may be made of the *Ronnu le-Ya\'aḳob,* in which he calls himself \"the proselyte\" (\"ger ẓedeḳ\"). This treatise consists of notes recorded while studying under Samuel Vital and supplemented by his own additions. In his compilation of Ḥayyim Vital\'s writings, Ẓemaḥ pretended to have discovered many works of Vital which were unknown to the latter\'s son Samuel.
## Death
He died at Jerusalem in the second half of the 17th century
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Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation\'s poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
## Events
- January 6 -- Pablo Neruda speaks out in the Senate of Chile against political repression and is forced into hiding.
- Summer -- Composer Richard Strauss sets three short poems by Hermann Hesse to music; they become part of his valedictory *Four Last Songs*, his final works before his death in 1949.
- September 17 -- The remains of Irish poet W. B. Yeats (who died at Menton, France in 1939) are re-buried at Drumcliffe, County Sligo, \"Under bare Ben Bulben\'s head\", having been moved from the original burial place, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, on Irish Naval Service corvette LÉ *Macha*. His grave at Drumcliffe, with an epitaph from \"Under Ben Bulben\", one of his final poems (\"Cast a cold Eye / On Life, on Death. / Horseman, pass by\"), becomes a place of literary pilgrimage
- Sometime this year, Jack Kerouac introduces the phrase Beat Generation to describe his friends and as a general term describing the underground, anti-conformist youth gathering in New York at this time to the novelist John Clellon Holmes
- *Di Goldene Keyt*, an Israeli literary quarterly, is founded
- The Bollingen Prize is established by Paul Mellon, funded by a \$10,000 grant from the Bollingen Foundation to the Library of Congress.
## Works published in English {#works_published_in_english}
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet\'s native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
### Canada
- Earle Birney, *The Strait of Anian*. Toronto: Ryerson Press.
- Roy Daniels, *Deeper into the Forest*
- Robert Finch, *The Strength of the Hills*
- A. M. Klein, *The Rocking Chair and Other Poems*. **Governor General\'s Award** 1948.
- Irving Layton, *Now Is The Place: Stories and Poems*. Montreal: First Statement Press.
- Douglas Le Pan, *The Wounded Prince*
- L. A. MacKay, *The Ill-Tempered Lover*
- A. J. M. Smith, editor, *The Book of Canadian Poetry*, anthology (see also editions of 1943, 1957)
- Arthur Stringer, *New York Nocturnes.* Toronto: Ryerson.
### India, in English {#india_in_english}
- Bimal Chandra Bose, *Gandhi-Gita* ( Poetry in English ), Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co.
- Gurdial Mallik, *Hound of the Heart* ( Poetry in English ), Bombay: Naranda Publications
- Dilip Kumar Roy, *Eyes of Light* ( Poetry in English ), Bombay: Nalanda Publications
- Nanikram Vasanmal Thadani, *He Walked Alone* ( Poetry in English ), Delhi: Bharat Publishing House
### United Kingdom {#united_kingdom}
- Richard Aldington, *Complete Poems*
- Edward Andrade, *He Likens Her to a Soldier*
- John Betjeman, *Selected Poems*
- Lilian Bowes Lyon, *Collected Poems*
- Lawrence Durrell, *On Seeming to Presume*
- T. S. Eliot, *Notes Towards the Definition of Culture*
- D. J. Enright, *Season Ticket*
- Robert Farren, *The Course of Irish Verse in English*, Irish criticism
- W. S. Graham, *The Voyages of Alfred Wallis*
- Robert Graves, *The White Goddess*, a \"historical grammar\" of poetic myth and inspiration
- Jacquetta Hawkes, *Symbols and Speculations*
- John Heath-Stubbs, *The Swarming of the Bees*
- Hamish Henderson, *Elegies for the Dead in Cyrenaica*
- A. Norman Jeffares, *W. B. Yeats: Man And Poet*, United Kingdom, biography, revised in 1978
- Louis MacNeice, *Holes in the Sky*
- Norman Nicholson, *Rock Face*
- Vernon Scannell, *Graves and Resurrections*
- Sydney Goodsir Smith, *Under the Eildon Tree: a poem in XXIV elegies*
- Vernon Watkins, *The Lady with the Unicorn*
### United States {#united_states}
- W. H. Auden, \"In Praise of Limestone\", a poem published in *Horizon* in July (written in May), later published in a collection in 1951 (native English poet living in the United States)
- John Berryman, *The Dispossessed*
- Richard Ellmann, *Yeats, The Man And The Mask*, United States, biography
- William Everson, *The Residual Years*, New Directions
- Langston Hughes, *One-Way Ticket*, Alfred A. Knopf
- Randall Jarrell, *Losses*
- Robinson Jeffers, *The Double Axe and Other Poems*, largely critical of U.S. policy, the book came with an extremely unconventional note from Random House that the views expressed by Jeffers were not those of the publisher; several influential literary critics disapproved of the book, with particularly scathing pieces penned by Yvor Winters and Kenneth Rexroth, who had previously commented favorably on Jeffers\' work
- Archibald MacLeish, *Actfive and Other Poems*
- William Meredith, *Ships and Other Figures*
- Ezra Pound:
- *The Pisan Cantos*
- *The Cantos of Ezra Pound*
- Theodore Roethke, *The Lost Son and Other Poems*
- Muriel Rukeyser, *The Green Wave*
- May Sarton, *The Lion and the Rose*
- Wallace Stevens, *A Primitive Like an Orb*, Publisher: Gotham Book Mart
- Winfield Townley Scott, *Mr. Whittier*
- Mark Van Doren, *New Poems*
- Peter Viereck, *Terror and Decorum*
- William Carlos Williams:
- *Paterson*, Book II
- *Clouds, Aigeltinger, Russia*
### Other in English {#other_in_english}
- James K. Baxter, *Blow, Wind of Fruitfulness*, New Zealand
- V. N. Bhusan, *The Far Ascent*, Bombay: Padma Pub.; India, Indian poetry in English
- Charles Brasch: *Disputed Ground: Poems 1939-45*, Christchurch: Caxton Press, New Zealand
- Robert Farren, *The Course of Irish Verse in English*, Irish criticism published in the United Kingdom
- Derek Walcott, *25 Poems*
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## Works published in other languages {#works_published_in_other_languages}
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet\'s native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
### France
- Louis Aragon, *Le Nouveau Creve-Coeur*
- André Breton, *Poemes*
- Aimé Césaire, *Soleil cou coupé*; Paris: K
- René Char, *Fureur et mystere*
- Paul Éluard, *Corps mémorable*
- Henri Michaux, *La Vie dans les plis* (\"Life in the Folds\")
- Saint-John Perse, *Anabase*, revised edition (first edition 1924)
- Jacques Prévert, *Histoires*
- Francis Ponge, *Proêmes*
- Raymond Queneau:
- *L\'Instant fatal*
- *Saint-Glinglin*
- Georges Schéhadé, *Hosties noires*
### India
In each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:
#### Bengali
- Sukanta Bhattacharya, *Chharpatra*, posthumous
- Jibanananda Das, *Satti Tarar Timur*
- Mangalacharan Chattopadhyay, *Telangana-O-Anyanya Kabita*
- Premendra Mitra, *Pherari Phauj*
- Subhas Mukhopadhyay, *Agnikon*
#### Kannada
- Gangadhara Chittala, *Kalada Kare*, lyrics on the theme of \"time\"
- M. Gopalakrishna Adiga, *Kattuvevu*, his first collection of lyrics
- S. G. Kulakarni, editor, *Kannada kavya Bhandara*, anthology of *navodaya* poets, including B. M. Shreekantayya, K. V. Puttappa, D. R. Bendre and D. V. Gundappa
#### Other languages on the Indian subcontinent {#other_languages_on_the_indian_subcontinent}
- Amrita Pritan, *Lamian Vatan*, Punjabi language
- Ananta Patnaik, *Tarpana Kare Aji*, poems on Gandhi, Oriya
- Asi, pen name of Abdul Bari, *Rubaiyati Asi*, Urdu
- Buddhidhari Singha, *Amar Bapu*, Maithili
- Harivans Rai Bacchan, *Sut Ki Mala*, 111 eleven poems on Gandhi and his ideology, Hindi
- Khumanthem Ibohal Singh, *Nacome Lei* (\"Bouquet\"), Manipuri
- Maheswar Neog, *Sri Sri Sankaradeva*, Assamese
- Mahjoor, *Vava Subahuki*, a political poem on the indignation of Kashmiris at delays in the United Nations Security Council concerning pleas to counter Pakistan\'s actions regarding that area; Kashmiri
- N. V. Krishna Varier, *Ninta Kavitakal*, long poems in Malayalam
- Nayaya vijaya Muni, *Visva Vibhuti Svargaroha*, a poem on Gandhi\'s death, Sanskrit
- Sumitranandan Pant, *Visva Vibhuti Svargaroha*, Hindi-language poems written in homage to Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore and Sri Aurobindo
- Upendranath Jha, *Sannyasi*, a *Kanda Kavya* in blank verse, Maithili
### Other languages {#other_languages}
- García Baena, *Mientras cantan los pájaros* (\"While Birds Sing\"), Spain
- Aimé Césaire, *Soleil cou coupé*, Martinique author published in France
- Peter Huchel, *Gedichte* (Poems), East Germany
- Bohumil Hrabal, *Ztracená ulička* (\"A Lost Alley\"), Czechoslovakia
- Henryk Jasiczek, *Rozmowy z ciszą* (\"Conversations with Silence\"), Poland
- Olga Kirsch, *Mure van die Hart*, Afrikaans, South Africa
- Paul la Cour, *Fragmenter af en Dagbog* (\"Fragments of a Diary\"), Denmark
- Alexander Mezhirov, *Kommunisty, vpered!*, \"Communists, Ahead!\" poem reprinted in his second collection, *New Encounters*, and in many volumes, anthologies and samplers; Russia, Soviet Union
- Eugenio Montale, *La fiera letteraria* poetry criticism; Italy
- Nizar Qabbani, *Childhood of a Breast*, Syrian poet writing in Arabic
- Ole Wivel, *I Fiskens Tegn* (\"In the Sign of the Fish\"), Denmark
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## Awards and honors {#awards_and_honors}
- Nobel Prize in Literature: T. S. Eliot
- Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (later the post would be called \"Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress\"): Léonie Adams appointed this year.
- Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: W. H. Auden, *The Age of Anxiety*
- Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets: Percy MacKaye
- Canada: Governor General\'s Award, poetry or drama: *The Rocking Chair and Other Poems*, A. M. Klein[\"Cumulative List of Winners of the Governor General\'s Literary Awards](http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf) `{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514183017/http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf |date=2011-05-14 }}`{=mediawiki}\", Canada Council. Web, Feb. 10, 2011.
<http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf>
- North Carolina Poet Laureate: Arthur Talmage Abernethy (the first one to hold the office)
## Births
Years link to the corresponding \"\[year\] in poetry\" article:
- January 22 -- Timothy Steele, American poet and academic
- January 31 -- Albert Goldbarth, American poet
- February 16 -- Jeff Guess, Australian poet
- March 5 -- Leslie Marmon Silko, Laguna Pueblo descent American writer, a figure in the \"Native American Renaissance\"
- March 28 -- Iman Budhi Santosa, Indonesian writer
- April 6 -- Anna Couani, Australian poet and teacher
- May 13 -- R. S
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***Eucalyptus*** is a studio album by the post-hardcore band Pitchfork. It was released in 1990 through Nemesis Records and re-released in 2003 by Swami Records. The album is the band\'s only full-length studio album. It was produced by guitarist John Reis and its artwork was created by singer Rick Froberg, who at the time used the stage name Rick Fork.
The album was originally released as an LP in limited numbers and soon went out of print. In 2003, Reis re-released it in CD format on his record label Swami Records, including the tracks from the band\'s *Saturn Outhouse* 7\" as well.
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
*Kerrang!* wrote that \"\'Burn Pigs Burn\' and \'Placebo\' showcase guitarist Reis' intricate yet aggressive approach to his instrument and shaped the sound of post-hardcore.\" The *Chicago Reader* wrote that the album \"basically sounds like a raw version of Drive Like Jehu.\" *Trouser Press* wrote: \"On *Eucalyptus*, Froberg's yowling isn't as deranged and developed as in Jehu, but the map is made. Along with Reis's overdubbed guitars, the sound compares well with the supersonic mania the two went on to compile in their next outfit.\"
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Burn Pigs, Burn\"
2. \"Placebo\"
3. \"Twitch\"
4. \"New Kid\"
5. \"Rana (Frogs)\"
6. \"Loot\"
7. \"Flatland Farming\"
8. \"Drop Dead\"
9. \"Thin Ice\"\*
10. \"Goat\"\*
11. \"Sinking\"\*
\*Tracks 9--11 comprise the *Saturn Outhouse* 7\" and appear on the 2003 CD re-release only.
## Personnel
- Rick Froberg (aka Rick Fork) -- vocals
- John Reis -- guitar
- Nick Frederick -- bass (tracks 1-8)
- Joey Piro -- drums
- Don Ankrom -- bass (tracks 9-11 on CD re-release)
## Album information {#album_information}
- Record label: Original release: Nemesis Records, re-release: Swami Records
- Recorded 1989 at Radio Tokyo by Richard Andrews and Michael James
- All material copyright and published by Pitchfork/Kickin\' Bootie 1990.
- Mixed at Westbeach by Donnell Cameron, John Reis, Brett Gurewitz and Simon Cheffins
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**Sagogn** (`{{IPA|rm|sɐˈɡɔɲ|-|roh-sursilvan-Sagogn.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}; *Sagens*) is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.
## History
Sagogn is first mentioned in 765 as *Secanio*.
## Geography
Sagogn has an area, `{{as of|2006|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, of 7 km2. Of this area, 23.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 59.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 4.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (12.4%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).
Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Ilanz sub-district of the Surselva district, after 2017 it was part of the Surselva Region. It is on the northern slope above the Vorderrhein on the bank of the Gruob (or Foppa). It consists of the village sections of Innerdorf (Vitg Dadens) and Ausserdorf (Vitg Dado). Until 1943 Sagogn was known by its German name as Sagens.
## Demographics
Sagogn has a population (as of `{{Swiss populations date|CH-GR}}`{=mediawiki}) of `{{Swiss populations|CH-GR|3581}}`{=mediawiki}.`{{Swiss populations ref|CH-GR}}`{=mediawiki} `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, 6.6% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -5.4%. Most of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) speaks Romansh (57.1%), with German being second most common (41.4%) and Dutch being third ( 0.3%). The official language is the Sursilvan dialect of Romansh.
, the gender distribution of the population was 55.0% male and 45.0% female. The age distribution, `{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, in Sagogn is; 60 children or 10.1% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 93 teenagers or 15.6% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 63 people or 10.6% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 92 people or 15.4% are between 30 and 39, 95 people or 15.9% are between 40 and 49, and 79 people or 13.2% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 60 people or 10.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 26 people or 4.4% are between 70 and 79, there are 23 people or 3.9% who are between 80 and 89 there are 6 people or 1.0% who are between 90 and 99.
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 32.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (29.8%), the SP (23.4%) and the FDP (12.2%).
In Sagogn about 74.9% of the population (between age 25 and 64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*).
Sagogn has an unemployment rate of 0.98%. `{{as of|2005}}`{=mediawiki}, there were 13 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 5 businesses involved in this sector. 22 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 8 businesses in this sector. 33 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 11 businesses in this sector.
The historical population is given in the following table:
year population
------ ------------
1803 399
1850 535
1900 405
1950 492
1970 383
1990 611
2000 597
## Heritage sites of national significance {#heritage_sites_of_national_significance}
The Church of S. Maria, and the prehistoric settlement, medieval castle and church at Schiedberg Castle/*Bregl da Haida* are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance.
The Church of S. Maria was built in 1634, while the church tower is from an earlier structure and was built in 1449. The church has a three-bay nave with a rectangular choir and transept and two side chapels. The ceiling and wall murals were painted in 1639 by Giov. Batt. Macholino. The high and side altars date from about the same time. The castle site at Scheidberg has been occupied since the prehistoric era. The castle served to protect the Lukmanier Pass trade route. The church at nearby Bregl da Haida was built in the 5th century and replaced with a Carolingian church in the 7th century. The church had a single nave and a horseshoe shaped apse. It was mentioned in the Testament of Bischof Tello in 765 as the *Columbans church*. This church may have been a private chapel for the raetian Viktoriden family, who lived in a nearby manor house.
<File:KircheSagogn.JPG%7CChurch> of S. Maria <File:Schiedberg> Plan.jpg\|Floorplan of the ruins of Burg Schiedberg <File:Schiedberg> Hügel.jpg\|Burg Schiedberg hill <File:Schiedberg> Westen.jpg\|Castle Schiedberg ruins, looking north <File:Bregl> da Haida Lage.jpg\|Location of Bregl da Haida <File:Bregl> da Haida Plan.jpg\|Bregl da Haida floorplan and growth <File:Bregl> da Haida.jpg\|Bregl da Haida foundations
## Transport
Valendas-Sagogn station, on the line of the Rhaetian Railway that links Chur and Disentis, lies some 120 m below and 2.3 km distant from the village of Sagogn
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*Alpha* (Shenseea album)}} `{{Infobox company
| logo = [[File:Pritt-Logo-aktuell.jpg|frameless]]
| caption =
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| fate =
| predecessor =
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| foundation = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
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| location = [[Düsseldorf, Germany]]
| locations =
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| products = [[Adhesive]]s
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}}`{=mediawiki}
**Pritt** is a brand of adhesives, tapes, correction, and fixing products designed and marketed by Henkel. Pritt invented the world\'s first glue stick, also known as the Pritt Stick, which is a solid adhesive in a twistable casing.
## History
In 1967, Henkel researcher Dr Wolfgang Dierichs and his team took inspiration from John Lemings and developed a similar glue stick that resembled a lipstick in a twistable casing. The Pritt stick was first marketed in 1969, and by 1971 was available in 38 countries. In 2001 the Pritt stick was successfully tested on board the International Space Station and was awarded Space Proof Quality.
In 2003, the PowerPritt, a KidsArt correction roller, was introduced, followed in 2004 by the PowerPritt gel and the PowerPritt stick. In 2006 the Pritt tape range was introduced
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**The Renaissance Society**, founded in 1915, is a leading independent contemporary art museum located on the campus of the University of Chicago, with a focus on the commissioning and production of new works by international artists. The kunsthalle-style institution typically presents four exhibitions each year, along with concerts, performances, screenings, readings, and lectures---all of which are free and open to the public. \"The Ren\" also produces publications in conjunction with many of its exhibitions.
## History
### Early years {#early_years}
The Renaissance Society was founded in the wake of the Armory Show of 1913 at the Art Institute, which had travelled to Chicago after its contentious time in New York. Then called the International Exhibition of Modern Art, the show was met with outrage and incomprehension in New York, leading to a similarly fervent uproar when it traveled to Chicago. In the aftermath, it was clear that the city, and the American populace as a whole, were generally opposed to the post-impressionist, cubist, and futurist art that was presented.
The Society was founded shortly after in 1915. Member and secretary of the University of Chicago Board of Trustees, James Spencer Dickerson, felt it would be a nice to have particular portrait of poet Robert Browning in Harper Library, but there was no fund for such an acquisition. Consequently, he proposed an organization called "Friends of Art of the University of Chicago" which could provide said funding. On April 20, 1915, ten professors of the university convened at the Quadrangle Club in an exploratory meeting; and subsequently, a larger meeting was held on June 3 in Harper Assembly Hall of Cobb Hall to garner broader support for this organization. There, "a committee of five \[...\] chaired by J. Laurence Laughlin, professor and head of the Department of Political Economy, was appointed to consider the organization of the art society and draft a constitution." The president of the University approved and worked to assist in the establishment of the society. However, it was not until April 24, 1916, that the next formal meeting was held in the Classics Building. Twelve women and fourteen men voted to accept the constitution that was drafted by the committee. They then elected a president and an all-male executive committee. A further three women were added as vice presidents to rectify the gender imbalance.
The constitution ensured that the society would not become a collecting museum by stipulating that \"all acquisitions of The Society, except money, shall become the property of the University of Chicago.\" The document stated the mission:
: It shall be the aim of The Society to provide at the University such material means and personal influences as will contribute to the cultivation of the arts, and the enrichment of the life of the community.
The society would organize exhibitions, encourage gifts of art to the university, sponsor lectures on the arts, issue publications, and use other such means to accomplish its mission. Programming elements were open to the public (as is still the case now) in order to enrich the life of the community and the university.
### Art in the first decade {#art_in_the_first_decade}
The impetus behind the cultural renaissance in Chicago was the desire to improve society. For wealthy patrons, this aspiration drove philanthropy and the establishment of Chicago's most preeminent cultural and educational institutions. Similarly, the academics of The Renaissance Society wished to use their scholarly status to lead their community. Rather than take upon the duty of art education as non-professionals, they turned outward in the name of public service. The pervasive sense of idealism that underlies the Society undoubtedly excluded educating its community about modernism in its first decade of programming. The original tenets included a sense of morality to \"uplift humanity, a prescription that honored the art of the past, particularly that of the Renaissance, as well as the rigid aesthetic dictates of academic realism.\" To the academics, the modernists were radical in promoting self-expression in art-making rather. Thus, the Society attacked the artists of the early twentieth-century avant-garde, \"bringing to the University some of the most beautiful things in the world.\"
### Transition
In 1927, Agnes C. Gale was elected president---the first woman and non-academic to hold this post. In the first of a five annual exhibitions of modern French paintings, Gale included pieces by Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, and Paul Gauguin, who were originally maligned by the Armory Show. The shows proved popular, marked by a jump in membership during Gale's brief tenure. The Renaissance Society recruited the important photographer Eva Watson-Schütze in the late 1920s to be president of the organization. She was elected in 1929 to become the Society's first full-time staff person as exhibition director. Schütze made clear her progressive intent: \"Part of the program of The Renaissance Society is to stimulate study of the art of the present time, the new renaissance.\"
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## History
### The 1930s {#the_1930s}
Throughout the 1920s, modernism was scarce in the city. Only a handful of exhibitions and few commercial galleries displayed avant-garde works. In the dearth of progressive leadership, The Arts Club, under the direction of Rue Winterbotham Carpenter, became the Midwest center for the examination of twentieth-century art. Schütze knew Carpenter and The Renaissance Society began to exchange programs with The Arts Club. In the 1930--31 season, the Club brought Fernand Léger to Chicago to screen his film *Le Ballet Mecanique* and subsequently lent it to the Society.
Under Schütze, The Renaissance Society expanded its curatorial programming into other art forms. The 1930 exhibition of modern American architecture was a pioneering example of a visual art institution investigating this art form. And In 1933, two film series were presented on campus: \"Movies of Today and Yesterday\" included D.W. Griffith's *The Birth of a Nation* and *The Brahms Symphony*, and \"foreign talking motion pictures\" included four works by French director René Clair. The Society's events also explored dance and music.
In the last years of Schütze's leadership, curtailed by her failing health, the Society introduced Chicago's audience to avant-garde art that was seldom or never before seen before in the United States. Among the most groundbreaking exhibitions at The Renaissance Society, a solo show presenting Alexander Calder's early mobiles was his first in the country. However, it was James Johnson Sweeney who presented the Society's boldest curatorial statements in his exhibition *A Selection of Works by Twentieth-Century Artists*. Non-representational works by seminal abstractionists---Jean Arp, Constantin Brâncuși, Alexander Calder, Juan Gris, Jean Hélion, Fernand Léger, Joan Miró, Piet Mondrian, and Pablo Picasso---were included in the comprehensive catalog of which much material had never before been exhibited in the country. Building on the founding principles of the Society, Schütze initiated a publishing program to expand the Society's role as \"an independent, experimental laboratory for search of legitimate meaning in art.\"
In her ultimate act as president of the Society, Schütze organized the 1936 exhibition of Léger, which she believed to be the institution\'s crowning achievement. The massive undertaking almost did not happen. In a feat of miscommunication, Léger had sent a costly, unauthorized, and uninsured shipment of works with collect on delivery to the Society in March 1935. Though Sweeney had met with Léger in Paris the summer prior and explained that Schütze had decided to hold a show for him, the exhibition date had not been set. Eva Watson Schütze died before the plans were complete. Eventually, the show would open at The Renaissance Society and then travel to the Museum of Modern Art, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Milwaukee Art Institute, before Léger was regarded as one of the most important abstractionists of his generation. Included in the exhibition was The City---widely regarded as a revolutionary work from his mature period.
After Schütze's tenure, the Renaissance Society continued to pioneer groundbreaking exhibitions in her footsteps. In the 1936-37 season, *Paintings and Sculpture by American Negro Artists* became the Society's first show to prominently feature African-American artists. The next season, they showcased works by refugees from Europe in *Paintings by Josef Albers and E. Misztrik de Monda*. In 1939, László Moholy-Nagy, who had just moved to Chicago to direct The New Bauhaus (renamed the School of Design in Chicago, and then eventually the IIT Institute of Design), exhibited for the first time in America in the month-long show *Paintings by László Moholy-Nagy*. A decade later, another great Bauhaus figure, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who was then teaching at the Illinois Institute of Technology, was shown in an architecture exhibition at the Society. The following year, he personally installed an exhibition of *Theo van Doesburg: Paintings, Drawings, Photographs, and Architectural Drawings*.
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