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7,860,048 |
**Alexandre Chichkov** (*Александр Чичков*, born c. 1970) is a former competitive ice dancer who represented the Soviet Union. With Oksana Grishuk, he is the 1988 World Junior champion and 1988 Grand Prix International de Paris bronze medalist.
Chichkov started skating in Ukraine when he was six year old and relocated to Moscow, Russian SFSR at age 12. He began coaching in 1990 and joined Genesee Figure Skating Club in Rochester, New York in 2004. He settled in the United States in 1995 and became a citizen in 2002.
## With Grishuk {#with_grishuk}
International
------------------------
Event
International de Paris
Prize of Moscow News
International: Junior
World Junior Champ
| 107 |
Alexandr Chichkov
| 0 |
7,860,049 |
**ISNA Canada** is a non-profit Muslim religious organization in Canada. It offers a variety of programs and services to the Canadian Muslim community at large, and is associated with the Islamic Society of North America, which is based in the United States. The organization has three centres, located in Mississauga, Toronto, and Yellowknife.
## Services and programs {#services_and_programs}
ISNA Canada states that its goal is to help Muslims put their faith into action by offering a variety of volunteer, educational and leadership opportunities. Some of these opportunities include: a monthly food bank that serves 600 families per month; programs that engage youth in community service, such as Walk the Talk; weekend Islamic and Arabic schools; Quran classes; and kids camps.
Some of the other services that ISNA Canada provides to support Muslims include marriage services, funeral services, Islamic psychotherapy and mental health counselling, halal certification, and Islamic bookstores.
### COVID-19 pandemic {#covid_19_pandemic}
ISNA Canada responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by developing four distinct programs and services: the ISNA Canada Foodbank, the frontline workers\' meal program, relief kits, and drive-thru Ramadan meals.
In mid-March, ISNA Canada initiated the creation of the Canadian Muslim Response Network with over 40 organization and distributed 1420 hygiene kits, 1527 food kits and 3810 fruits and vegetables to those most vulnerable during the pandemic, such as seniors, single mothers of young children, immuno-compromised individuals, and people with disabilities.
On March 21, 2020 ISNA Canada collaborated with local restaurants to provide free meals to healthcare frontline workers. The program started with restaurants in the Halton and Peel regions but eventually reached Toronto, Waterloo, and Windsor. After a month\'s time, the program was extended to provide meals to essential workers, including police officers, paramedics, and shelters. The program ran for two months and served over 8000 meals.
## Controversies
### Mishandling of charity funds {#mishandling_of_charity_funds}
An audit of ISNA Canada in 2011 found that only a quarter of the funds donated to the organisation went to help the poor; charity donations were misdirected to private businesses.
On September 21, 2013, the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) revoked the charitable tax-exempt status of the ISNA Development Foundation, a charity that operated out of ISNA Canada\'s headquarters. ISNA Canada was not affected by the move.
### Suspension for terrorism financing {#suspension_for_terrorism_financing}
On September 12, 2018, the CRA suspended ISNA Canada for one year and ordered the charity to pay a penalty of CA\$550,000 after determining that \"the society's resources may have, directly or indirectly, been used to support the political efforts of Jamaat-e-Islami and/or its armed wing Hizbul Mujahideen.\" Hizbul Mujahideen, which emerged as a pro-Pakistan militant faction in the Kashmir insurgency around 1989, is designated as a terrorist organization by Canada, the United States, the European Union, and India.
The United States--based Islamic Society of North America noted association with ISNA Canada but emphasized its complete separation of governance, accounting, and auditing
| 482 |
ISNA Canada
| 0 |
7,860,056 |
The **Ismaili Centres** are symbolic markers of the permanent presence of the Nizari Ismailis in the countries and regions in which they are established, characterised by the Aga Khan IV as \'ambassadorial buildings\'. Each building is architecturally unique and functions as a jamatkhana (place of worship), but also incorporates spaces for social and cultural gatherings, intellectual engagement and reflection, as well as spiritual contemplation. They facilitate mutual exchange and seek to foster understanding between diverse peoples, communities and faiths. Collectively and individually, the Centres represent the Nizari Ismaili community's intellectual and spiritual understanding of Islam, as well as the community's social conscience, outlook and attitude towards the societies in which it lives.
## Locations
Ismaili Centres have been established in London (1985), Vancouver (1985), Lisbon (1998), Dubai (2008), Dushanbe (2009), and Toronto (2014). One more is planned for Houston
| 139 |
Ismaili Centre
| 0 |
7,860,060 |
**Wilson Bigaud** (29 January 1931 -- 22 March 2010) was a Haitian painter.
## Biography
Born in Port-au-Prince, Bigaud first worked with clay before becoming a painter.
At the age of 15, he was introduced to DeWitt Peters (who in 1944 founded the *Centre d\'Art* in Port-au-Prince) by Hector Hyppolite. Peters suggested he turn his talents to painting. Thus Bigaud joined the *Centre d\'Art*, and began to paint under the direction of Maurice Borno.
Early on, he demonstrated his abilities, by quickly assimilating innovations of a sophisticated painter (balance, movement, rhythm, pattern, contrast, unity and emphasis). Together with Jacques Enguerrand Gourgue, he belongs to a select group of artists who are more than just \"naïve\" and \"primitive\".
In 1950, at the age of 19, Bigaud won second place for a painting entitled *Paradise*, at an International Exhibition in Washington, D.C. In 1954, one of his engravings was presented in an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York (MoMA), and still features in the museum\'s collection, along with a painting titled *Murder in the Jungle*.
In 1951, together with Castera Bazile, Philomé Obin, Préfète Duffaut, Toussaint Auguste and Rigaud Benoit, Bigaud decorated the walls of the Holy Trinity Cathedral (destroyed during the 2010 earthquake) of Port-au-Prince, by painting murals. His contribution depicted the Marriage at Cana. These murals were some of the finest examples of Haitian art.
His works are usually realistic dramatizations of native life, and he is considered as one of the major figures in Haitian painting
| 251 |
Wilson Bigaud
| 0 |
7,860,075 |
**Eli Whitney Blake Jr.** (April 20, 1836 -- October 1, 1895) was an American scientist. His father and namesake was an inventor and partner of the Blake Brothers manufacturing firm. His great uncle was Eli Whitney, who changed the face of the cotton industry with the invention of the cotton gin.
## Early life {#early_life}
Blake was born on April 20, 1836, in New Haven, Connecticut. He was one of twelve children born to Eli Whitney Blake and Eliza Maria (née O\'Brien) Blake. Through his mother, he was a descendant of the Rev. James Pierpont, one of the co-founders of Yale.
Blake graduated from Yale in 1857, after which he spent a year at Sheffield Scientific School. He was a member of Skull and Bones, class of 1857. Following his time at Sheffield, he traveled to Europe, where he studied chemistry and physics in the universities of Heidelberg, Marburg, and Berlin.
## Career
On his return to America, he was made professor of chemistry and physics at the University of Vermont (1867). After less than a year, he went to Cornell University, where he was professor of physics and mechanic arts (1868--1870). During this time he also acted temporarily as professor of physics at Columbia College from 1868 to 1869. From 1870 to 1895, he filled the chair of physics at Brown University.
Although not a well-known figure in the scientific community, Blake was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and other similar associations. He also contributed to various scientific periodicals, such as the *American Journal of Science and Arts*.
## Publications
-
-
## Personal life {#personal_life}
On March 8, 1860, Blake was married to Helen Mary Rood (1832--1869), the daughter of Rev. Anson Rood and Alida Gouverneur (née Ogden) Rood (daughter of Rev. Uzal Ogden). Among her family was uncle Nicholas Gouverneur Ogden, a partner of John Jacob Astor. Together, Eli and Helen were the parents of:
- Alida Gouverneur Blake (1861--1938), who married Barclay Hazard, the son of Thomas Robinson Hazard and nephew of Rowland G. Hazard.
- Eli Whitney Blake III (1867--1902), who died aged 35.
Blake died on October 1, 1895, in Hampton, Connecticut
| 364 |
Eli Whitney Blake Jr.
| 0 |
7,860,090 |
\_\_NOTOC\_\_ This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Volusia County, Florida**.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Volusia County, Florida, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.
There are 109 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks. Another district was once listed but has been removed
| 95 |
National Register of Historic Places listings in Volusia County, Florida
| 0 |
7,860,104 |
The **loading master person-in-charge** (PIC) is the marine transfer operator at the marine terminal who supervises the movement of petroleum products between tanker ships, barges, FPSOs and the terminal while the vessel is berthed at the dock. In this capacity the marine transfer operator ensures that all regulatory aspects concerning protection of the environment and maritime security are adhered to during marine transfer operations. Of particular importance is ensuring no water pollution occurs from a spill or a breach of security from the access of unauthorized personnel. They typically act as the terminal\'s representative and complete a safety checklist with the ship\'s officer prior to and during loading.
## Loading master-PIC duties {#loading_master_pic_duties}
Additional duties include communicating with the vessel person-in-charge utilizing a portable intrinsically safe two-way radio, spotting the vessel during arrival to ensure the vessel headers are lined up with the dock header, secure and proper placement of the gangway, operating the dock crane while positioning the transfer hose from the dock to the vessel, assisting in connecting the transfer hose or loading arm to the vessel product manifold, and during the transfer monitoring the movement on a regular basis maintaining an hourly log.
## Transfer specifications {#transfer_specifications}
Loading masters work closely with the marine surveyor in agreeing to the sequence of the transfer. Such as whether any product sampling will take place prior to commencement, determining if a line displacement will occur, agreeing on whether the final stop at completion will either be a shore stop or a draft stop on the vessel. The marine surveyor gauges the vessel\'s tanks and shore tanks to ensure the correct amount of product is transferred. Additionally, the surveyor or inspector will obtain product samples on the marine vessel and shore tank for laboratory analysis to ensure that the product meets all specifications of purity.
## Pre-transfer conference {#pre_transfer_conference}
Of extreme importance in the duties of the loading master-PIC is continuous radio communication with the vessel person-in-charge who will be a Tankerman-PIC if transferring with a barge or a deck officer of the Merchant Marine if the transfer is with a tanker ship. Prior to product moving between the vessel and marine terminal a pre-transfer conference occurs between these marine transfer operators. This conference highlights the particulars of the transfer such as product identity, hazards of the product, rate of flow during the transfer, estimated completion times, maritime security procedures in place, discharge containment and emergency response procedures, and finally any notifications to the marine surveyor that need to be made prior to completion.
## Marine transfer operators {#marine_transfer_operators}
A marine transfer operation occurs between three main stakeholders which includes the loading master-PIC, vessel-PIC, and marine surveyor or inspector. These individuals communicate prior to the transfer agreeing on the sequence of events that will occur before, during, and after the transfer. During the course of the transfer the loading master is in continuous two way radio contact with the vessel person-in-charge and standing by to stop the transfer immediately if any problems develop such as leaks at the transfer hose or loading arm.
## Other industries {#other_industries}
Every commercial cargo or passenger operation requires someone to supervise the loading of ships, ferries, trucks, aircraft and so on
| 536 |
Loading master
| 0 |
7,860,118 |
**Ilona Melnichenko** is a former ice dancer who competed for the Soviet Union. With former partner Gennady Kaskov, she is the 1987 World Junior champion and 1991 Winter Universiade champion. She is from Odesa and has a bachelor\'s degree in Physical Education from the Odesa State Institute of Physical Culture. Melnichenko was married to former pair skater Artem Torgeshev, the 1987 World Junior silver medalist, with whom she has two children, Andrew and Deana. They coach at the Panthers Figure Skating Club, Saveology Iceplex in Coral Springs, Florida. Together they have coached many notable skaters, including Franchesca Chiera, Sophia Chouinard, Samantha Scott, Luiz Manella, and Andrew Torgashev. Their son, Andrew Torgashev, was born May 29, 2001, in Coral Springs, Florida, and competes for the United States in single skating.
## Results
(with Kaskov)
International
-----------------------
Event
Skate Canada
Skate America
Prize of Moscow News
Nebelhorn Trophy
Winter Universiade
International: Junior
World Junior Champ.
National
Soviet Champ
| 156 |
Ilona Melnichenko
| 0 |
7,860,125 |
**Roland Blain** (June 30, 1934 - July 18, 2005) was a Haitian painter. A Port-au-Prince native, Blain typically painted nature scenes---jungles, animals, exotic birds, and landscapes. He died in Brooklyn, New York in 2005
| 34 |
Roland Blain
| 0 |
7,860,128 |
**Gennady Kaskov** (*Геннадій Каськов*) is a former Soviet ice dancer. With former partner Ilona Melnichenko, he is the 1987 World Junior champion, 1990 Skate America bronze medallist, and 1991 Winter Universiade champion.
## Career
Originally from Odessa, Kaskov eventually moved to train in Moscow. He and his partner, Ilona Melnichenko, competed at the 1987 World Junior Championships at the Kitchener Memorial Auditorium Complex and won gold ahead of Oksana Grishuk / Alexandr Chichkov. As seniors, Melnichenko/Kaskov won gold twice at the Nebelhorn Trophy and bronze at the 1990 Skate America. After winning the 1991 Winter Universiade, the duo retired from competition.
Kaskov began coaching in Burnaby, British Columbia and then in Swan River, Manitoba. He worked at British Columbia\'s Centre of Excellence, the York Region Skating Academy, and Kitchener-Waterloo Skating Club, with his students including Kevin Reynolds, Matt McEwan, and Brandon Armstrong. In 2013, Kaskov began coaching at the New Hamburg Skating Club at the Wilmot Recreation Complex.
Kaskov is an International Technical Specialist for Canada.
## Results
(with Melnichenko)
International
-----------------------
Event
Skate Canada
Skate America
Prize of Moscow News
Nebelhorn Trophy
Winter Universiade
International: Junior
World Junior Champ.
National
Soviet Champ
| 193 |
Gennady Kaskov
| 0 |
7,860,132 |
This is a **list of Bristol Rovers F.C. managers** since the club appointed its first full-time manager in 1899, along with the number of competitive games managed, winning percentage and titles won.
Although the club were founded in 1883, they did not appoint a full-time manager until 1899, when Alfred Homer, who was assistant secretary of Aston Villa, was appointed as manager-secretary of Bristol Rovers, a position he held for twenty-one years. On joining the Football League in 1920, the club appointed Ben Hall to the manager\'s post. Hall held the job for one year before handing over to Andrew Wilson, the club\'s first non-English manager.
The next significant manager of Bristol Rovers was Albert Prince-Cox, who introduced blue-and-white quarters as the team\'s kit because he believed it made the players look larger and more intimidating. He also became the first manager to win a major cup competition with the club when they won the Division 3 (South) Cup in 1935. More success followed in the 1952--53 season when Bristol Rovers\' longest serving post-war manager, Bert Tann, won a league title for the first time since 1905 and won promotion for the first time ever when the club won Division 3 (South). Tann remained in charge for eighteen years from 1950 to 1968.
Don Megson was the next manager to win a major trophy, taking the Watney Cup in 1972 in only his third game in charge. Following this, only two more managers won any silverware at a national level. These were Gerry Francis, who won the Division 3 title in 1989--90, and most recently Paul Trollope, who won the League 2 play-off final in 2007. That was until the appointment of Darrell Clarke who guided Bristol Rovers to back-to-back promotions, the first in the club\'s history making him the most successful Bristol Rovers manager ever.
In all the club has had 37 full-time managers (excluding caretaker managers).
| 318 |
List of Bristol Rovers F.C. managers
| 0 |
7,860,132 |
## Managers
- All statistics are from *Bristol Rovers Football Club -- The Definitive History 1883--2003* unless otherwise stated.
- Information correct as of match played 3 May 2025
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><p>Name</p></th>
<th><p>Nationality</p></th>
<th><p>Bristol Rovers career</p></th>
<th><p>Games</p></th>
<th><p>Won</p></th>
<th><p>Drawn</p></th>
<th><p>Lost</p></th>
<th><p>% won</p></th>
<th class="unsortable"><p>Honours</p></th>
<th class="unsortable"><p>Notes</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1899Summer 1899 – July 1920</p></td>
<td><p>652</p></td>
<td><p>243</p></td>
<td><p>148</p></td>
<td><p>261</p></td>
<td><p>37.3</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Southern League champions, 3 Gloucestershire Cups</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1920July 1920 – May 1921</p></td>
<td><p>45</p></td>
<td><p>19</p></td>
<td><p>7</p></td>
<td><p>19</p></td>
<td><p>42.2</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1921June 1921 – April 1926</p></td>
<td><p>230</p></td>
<td><p>74</p></td>
<td><p>64</p></td>
<td><p>92</p></td>
<td><p>32.2</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Gloucestershire Cup winner</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1926May 1926 – April 1929</p></td>
<td><p>138</p></td>
<td><p>48</p></td>
<td><p>22</p></td>
<td><p>68</p></td>
<td><p>34.8</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Gloucestershire Cup winner</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1929May 1929 – September 1930</p></td>
<td><p>58</p></td>
<td><p>16</p></td>
<td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>30</p></td>
<td><p>27.6</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1930October 1930 – October 1936</p></td>
<td><p>295</p></td>
<td><p>115</p></td>
<td><p>67</p></td>
<td><p>113</p></td>
<td><p>39.0</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Division 3 South Cup winner, 2 Gloucestershire Cups</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1936November 1936 – November 1937</p></td>
<td><p>52</p></td>
<td><p>17</p></td>
<td><p>9</p></td>
<td><p>26</p></td>
<td><p>32.7</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1938January 1938 – January 1950</p></td>
<td><p>227</p></td>
<td><p>80</p></td>
<td><p>49</p></td>
<td><p>98</p></td>
<td><p>35.2</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>3 Gloucestershire Cups</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1950January 1950 – April 1968</p></td>
<td><p>897</p></td>
<td><p>369</p></td>
<td><p>216</p></td>
<td><p>314</p></td>
<td><p>41.1</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Division 3 South champions, Gloucestershire Cups: won 5, shared 5</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1968April 1968 – July 1969</p></td>
<td><p>70</p></td>
<td><p>26</p></td>
<td><p>16</p></td>
<td><p>28</p></td>
<td><p>37.1</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1969August 1969 – July 1972</p></td>
<td><p>163</p></td>
<td><p>72</p></td>
<td><p>47</p></td>
<td><p>44</p></td>
<td><p>44.2</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1972July 1972 – November 1977</p></td>
<td><p>269</p></td>
<td><p>91</p></td>
<td><p>85</p></td>
<td><p>93</p></td>
<td><p>33.8</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Watney Cup winner, 2 Gloucestershire Cups, promotion to Division 2</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1977November 1977 – December 1979</p></td>
<td><p>91</p></td>
<td><p>32</p></td>
<td><p>19</p></td>
<td><p>40</p></td>
<td><p>35.2</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1979December 1979 – April 1980</p></td>
<td><p>24</p></td>
<td><p>7</p></td>
<td><p>9</p></td>
<td><p>8</p></td>
<td><p>29.2</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1980April 1980 – October 1981</p></td>
<td><p>68</p></td>
<td><p>13</p></td>
<td><p>19</p></td>
<td><p>36</p></td>
<td><p>19.1</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p><em>(caretaker)</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1981 (1)October 1981</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0.0</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1981 (2)October 1981 – May 1983<br />
May 1985 – June 1987</p></td>
<td><p>196</p></td>
<td><p>71</p></td>
<td><p>42</p></td>
<td><p>83</p></td>
<td><p>36.2</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Gloucestershire Cup winner</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1983May 1983 – May 1985</p></td>
<td><p>108</p></td>
<td><p>51</p></td>
<td><p>28</p></td>
<td><p>29</p></td>
<td><p>47.2</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>2 Gloucestershire Cups</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1987July 1987 – May 1991<br />
July 2001 – December 2001</p></td>
<td><p>240</p></td>
<td><p>95</p></td>
<td><p>72</p></td>
<td><p>73</p></td>
<td><p>39.6</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Division 3 champions, 2 Gloucestershire Cups</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1991 (1)July 1991 – October 1991</p></td>
<td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>9</p></td>
<td><p>8.3</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1991 (2)October 1991 – November 1992</p></td>
<td><p>63</p></td>
<td><p>21</p></td>
<td><p>18</p></td>
<td><p>24</p></td>
<td><p>33.3</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Gloucestershire Cup winner</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1992November 1992 – February 1993</p></td>
<td><p>18</p></td>
<td><p>6</p></td>
<td><p>4</p></td>
<td><p>8</p></td>
<td><p>33.3</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p><em>(caretaker)</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1993 (1)March 1993</p></td>
<td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>0.0</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1993 (2)March 1993 – May 1996<br />
December 2012 – March 2014</p></td>
<td><p>250</p></td>
<td><p>101</p></td>
<td><p>70</p></td>
<td><p>79</p></td>
<td><p>40.4</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>2 Gloucestershire Cups</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>1996June 1996 – January 2001</p></td>
<td><p>249</p></td>
<td><p>92</p></td>
<td><p>67</p></td>
<td><p>90</p></td>
<td><p>36.9</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2001 (1)January 2001 – May 2001<br />
December 2001 – April 2002</p></td>
<td><p>47</p></td>
<td><p>14</p></td>
<td><p>10</p></td>
<td><p>23</p></td>
<td><p>29.8</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p><em>(caretaker)</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2002 (1)April 2002<br />
January 2004 – March 2004</p></td>
<td><p>14</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>6</p></td>
<td><p>7</p></td>
<td><p>7.1</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2002 (2)April 2002 – January 2004</p></td>
<td><p>81</p></td>
<td><p>22</p></td>
<td><p>22</p></td>
<td><p>37</p></td>
<td><p>27.2</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p><br />
<em>(joint caretakers)</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2004 (2)March 2004 – April 2004</p></td>
<td><p>6</p></td>
<td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>50.0</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2004 (3)April 2004 – September 2005</p></td>
<td><p>68</p></td>
<td><p>21</p></td>
<td><p>26</p></td>
<td><p>21</p></td>
<td><p>30.9</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>-</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2005September 2005 – December 2010</p></td>
<td><p>284</p></td>
<td><p>106</p></td>
<td><p>71</p></td>
<td><p>107</p></td>
<td><p>37.3</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>League 2 play-off winner</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p><em>(caretaker)</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2010December 2010 – January 2011</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>0.0</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2011aJanuary 2011 – March 2011</p></td>
<td><p>13</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>9</p></td>
<td><p>15.4</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p><em>(caretaker)</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2011bMarch 2011 – May 2011</p></td>
<td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>4</p></td>
<td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p>5</p></td>
<td><p>33.3</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2011cMay 2011 – January 2012</p></td>
<td><p>29</p></td>
<td><p>8</p></td>
<td><p>6</p></td>
<td><p>15</p></td>
<td><p>27.5</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2012January 2012 – December 2012</p></td>
<td><p>45</p></td>
<td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>21</p></td>
<td><p>26.6</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2014March 2014 – December 2018<br />
May 2025 – present</p></td>
<td><p>246</p></td>
<td><p>104</p></td>
<td><p>56</p></td>
<td><p>86</p></td>
<td><p>42.3</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Conference Premier play-off winner, promotion to League One</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2018December 2018 – December 2019</p></td>
<td><p>56</p></td>
<td><p>25</p></td>
<td><p>18</p></td>
<td><p>13</p></td>
<td><p>44.6</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p><em>(caretaker)</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2019aDecember 2019</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>100</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p><em>(caretaker)</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2019bDecember 2019<br />
January 2020</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0.0</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2019cDecember 2019 – November 2020</p></td>
<td><p>33</p></td>
<td><p>6</p></td>
<td><p>10</p></td>
<td><p>17</p></td>
<td><p>18.2</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p><em>(caretaker)</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2020aNovember 2020<br />
February 2021</p></td>
<td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>66.6</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2020bNovember 2020 – February 2021</p></td>
<td><p>19</p></td>
<td><p>5</p></td>
<td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p>11</p></td>
<td><p>26.3</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2020bFebruary 2021 – October 2023</p></td>
<td><p>143</p></td>
<td><p>53</p></td>
<td><p>30</p></td>
<td><p>60</p></td>
<td><p>37.1</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Promotion to League One</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p><em>(caretaker)</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2023aOctober 2023 – November 2023</p></td>
<td><p>7</p></td>
<td><p>4</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>57.1</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2023bDecember 2023 – December 2024</p></td>
<td><p>57</p></td>
<td><p>19</p></td>
<td><p>7</p></td>
<td><p>31</p></td>
<td><p>33.3</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p><em>(caretaker)</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2024aDecember 2024</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>0.0</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2024bDecember 2024 – May 2025</p></td>
<td><p>26</p></td>
<td><p>6</p></td>
<td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p>17</p></td>
<td><p>23.1</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>2025May 2025 – <em>Present</em></p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### Notes
## Records
| 1,162 |
List of Bristol Rovers F.C. managers
| 1 |
7,860,132 |
## Records
### Most games managed {#most_games_managed}
Manager Games Years
---- ------------------- ------- -----------------------
1 Bert Tann 897 1950-1968
2 Alfred Homer 652 1899-1920
3 Albert Prince-Cox 295 1930-1936
4 Paul Trollope 284 2005-2010
5 Don Megson 269 1972-1977
6 John Ward 250 1993-1996, 2012--2014
7 Ian Holloway 249 1996-2001
8 Darrell Clarke 246 2014-2018
9 Gerry Francis 240 1987-1991, 2001
10 Andrew Wilson 230 1921-1926
11 Brough Fletcher 227 1938-1950
12 Bobby Gould 196 1981-1983, 1985--1987
13 Bill Dodgin Sr. 163 1969-1972
14 Joey Barton 143 2021-2023
15 Joe Palmer 138 1926-1929
16 David Williams 108 1983-1985
### Most Wins {#most_wins}
Wins Games Years
--- ------------------- ------ ------- -----------------------
1 Bert Tann 369 897 1950-1968
2 Alfred Homer 243 652 1899-1920
3 Albert Prince-Cox 115 295 1930-1936
4 Paul Trollope 106 284 2005-2010
5 Darrell Clarke 104 246 2014-2018
6 John Ward 101 250 1993-1996, 2012--2014
### Highest win percentages {#highest_win_percentages}
Manager Win% Games Years
--- ----------------- ------ ------- -----------
1 David Williams 47.2 108 1983-1985
2 Graham Coughlan 44.6 56 2018-2019
3 Bill Dodgin Sr. 44.2 163 1969-1972
4 Darrell Clarke 42.3 246 2014-2018
5 Ben Hall 42
| 190 |
List of Bristol Rovers F.C. managers
| 2 |
7,860,151 |
\_\_NOTOC\_\_ This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Hillsborough County, Florida**.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Hillsborough County, Florida. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.
There are 100 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 3 National Historic Landmarks, all three of which are in Tampa. 22 of these properties and districts are listed here, while the others are listed separately in National Register of Historic Places listings in Tampa, Florida
| 116 |
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hillsborough County, Florida
| 0 |
7,860,159 |
**Oak Forest** is a train station located in Oak Forest, Illinois on Metra\'s Rock Island District line, which runs between Joliet, Illinois and LaSalle Street Station in downtown Chicago, Illinois. It is in Zone 3 according to Metra fare schedules based on distance from downtown Chicago. As of 2018, Oak Forest is the 42nd busiest of Metra\'s 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 1,091 weekday boardings.
As of 2022, Oak Forest is served by 42 trains (21 in each direction) on weekdays, by 21 trains (10 inbound, 11 outbound) on Saturdays, and by 16 trains (eight in each direction) on Sundays and holidays.
The station is located at 159th Street (U.S. Route 6) and Cicero Avenue (Illinois Route 50). There are several parking lots adjacent to the station, though they are being removed and relocated further away from the train station as part of Oak Forest Mayor JoAnn Kelly\'s Gateway Project.
In 2011, Oak Forest, then the second-busiest station on the Rock Island line with 1,500 daily commuters and 23 trains, received a \$1.3 million grant from the United States Department of Transportation for modernization.
## Tracks
There are two tracks at Oak Forest. Trains from Chicago run on track 2 (the north track) and trains to Chicago run on track 1 (the south track
| 216 |
Oak Forest station
| 0 |
7,860,171 |
**Feliks Nowowiejski** (7 February 1877 -- 18 January 1946) was a Polish composer, conductor, concert organist, and music teacher. Nowowiejski was born in Wartenburg (today Barczewo) in Warmia in the Prussian Partition of Poland (then administratively part of the Province of East Prussia, German Empire). He died in Poznań, Poland.
## Childhood
Feliks Nowowiejski was born the fifth of 11 siblings. Nowowiejski\'s ancestors, like himself, came from Warmia, a region which was part of the Polish Kingdom prior to the First Partition of Poland in 1772. His father was Franz Adam Nowowiejski, a Pole born in 1830 in Wartenburg in Warmia (former Polish Wartembork). His grandfather was Jan Nowowiejski, born in 1730 in Warmia, who married the Pole Anna Jabłońska from Tuławki. Franz Adam Nowowiejski was a master tailor with his own workshop in Wartenburg, where he also managed a public library of Polish books. Feliks Nowowiejski\'s mother, née Katharina Falk, born in 1847, was the second wife of Franz Adam Nowowiejski; she was a German from the neighboring village of Butryny (at the time German *Wuttrienen*). While Franz Adam Nowowiejski enthusiastically promoted Polish culture, Feliks\'s mother displayed a strong interest in the arts, particularly as a pianist. With her participation in performances of Polish folk songs and recitations of noted poets from Poland and Germany as well as her own poetry, she fostered the formidable musical talent of her son, likely an inheritance from her. Despite the patriotic Polish stance of their father, his children spoke better German than they did Polish. As a result, even before his time in Berlin, Feliks Nowowiejski could only write and speak in German.
## Education
Nowowiejski\'s family had lived in Warmia for several generations. In 1883 Feliks Nowowiejski became a pupil at the elementary school in Wartenburg at the rectory of St. Anne\'s Church. Due to his musical talent---he composed his first piano work, a suite of classical and contemporary dances, he entered the convent school in Święta Lipka (at the time *Heiligelinde*), where he was taught harmony, violin, cello, French horn, piano, and organ. However, he was unable to complete his studies because of the necessity of providing the sole support for his family. With the bankruptcy of his father\'s workshop, the impoverished family resettled in Olsztyn (at the time *Allenstein*) in 1893.
| 382 |
Feliks Nowowiejski
| 0 |
7,860,171 |
## Career
In 1893 Nowowiejski became a violinist in the orchestra of the Prussian Regiment of Grenadiers, a development that enabled him to support his parents and siblings. He then composed works for military bands and amateur orchestras. Thanks to a composition prize for his march *Pod sztandarem pokoju* (*Under the Banner of Peace*), he was able to study at the Stern Conservatory from April to September 1898. From 1888 to 1900 he assumed the post of organist at St. James' Church in Allenstein. After being awarded a second prize, he completed a three-month course in counterpoint, Palestrina, and Gregorian chant at the College of Catholic Church Music and Musical Education in Regensburg, Bavaria. He subsequently studied at the Stern Conservatory in Berlin, learning theory and counterpoint under Ludwig Bussler, composition under Wilhelm Taubert, and Gradus ad Parnassum under Heinrich Bellerman, simultaneously perfecting his organ playing under Otto Dienel and playing in the orchestra under the baton of Gustav Hollaender. After submitting a cantata to the Royal Academy of Arts, Berlin, he was accepted into a master class for composition under Max Bruch from 1900 to 1902. At the same time he began studies in musicology and aesthetics at Frederick William University. In Berlin he came into contact with Polish intellectuals and developed a strong Polish patriotism that would often later be reflected in his works, e.g. his Warmian Motifs, Polish Courtship, or *Quo Vadis*.
For his oratorio *Powrót syna marnotrawnego* (*Return of the Prodigal Son*), Nowowiejski won his first Giacomo Meyerbeer Prize. With the 4,500 marks of prize money, he financed an educational tour of Germany, Bohemia, Moravia, Austria, Italy, Africa, France and Belgium, during which he met Gustav Mahler, Camille Saint-Saëns, Pietro Mascagni and Ruggero Leoncavallo. In 1903, he won the Ludwig van Beethoven Prize for his overture *Swaty polskie* (*Polish Courtship*). In 1904, for two symphonies, one in A minor (which he later withdrew) and *Symphony No. 1 in B-flat Minor*, he was awarded his second Giacomo Meyerbeer Prize. With the prize money, Nowowiejski continued his studies under Bruch. He became a composition teacher and choir director at St. Hedwig\'s Cathedral in Berlin, and later at the Dominican Church of St. Paul. In 1907 he won a composition competition in Lwów (now Lviv) with the song *Żałobny pochód Kościuszki na Wawel* (*Funeral Procession of Kościuszko to Wawel*); Tadeusz Kościuszko was a Polish general and national hero who also fought in the American Revolution; Wawel is the historic seat of Polish kings. In 1907, he composed the massive oratorio *Quo Vadis*, based on the biblical novel by Polish compatriot Henryk Sienkiewicz. After its Amsterdam premiere in 1909, the oratorio was performed in more than 150 cities in Europe, and North and South America, securing Nowowiejski\'s international reputation.
In 1909 Nowowiejski returned to Poland (then partitioned), and settled in Kraków, where he served as director of the Krakow Music Society. He was also organist and director of the Warsaw Symphony. On 15 July 1910 - the 500th anniversary of the Battle of Grunwald - the citizens of Krakow gathered in Jan Matejko Square to sing the Rota by Maria Konopnicka under Nowowiejski\'s direction. Rota was a patriotic poem protesting Germanisation that Nowowiejski had set to music. In 1910, with his piece *Zagasły już* (*Extinguished*), Nowowiejski took first prize in a Lwów composing competition commemorating the 100th birthday of Frédéric Chopin. In March 1911, Nowowiejski married the Wawel music student Elżbieta Mironow-Mirocka. The couple had five children, a daughter Wanda and four sons: Feliks, Kazimierz, Adam and Jan. In 1914, Nowowiejski won the Lwów Music Prize for his choral work Danae.
## World War One {#world_war_one}
Facing increasing hostility in Poland at the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Nowowiejski returned to Berlin. He came under military service, swore an oath to Emperor Wilhelm II, and served as a conductor to a military orchestra. At the end of the war, he returned to the now-Polish city of Poznań. He became a docent at the Ignacy Jan Paderewski Music Academy of Poznań, where he served as composer, conductor, and organist. His appearances as a pro-Polish speaker at the 1920 plebiscite campaigns in Warmia and Masuria (which determined whether these territories would be German or Polish) suggest an increased Polish patriotism. This in turn led to a quarrel with his former teacher Bruch, who successfully called for a German boycott of Nowowiejski\'s works. Thereupon Nowowiejski fell into obscurity in Germany as his music was no longer performed. In 1935. Nowowiejski received the title of papal chamberlain from Pope Pius XI for his many religious works. The next year he received the Order of Polonia Restituta, one of the nation\'s highest honours.
| 780 |
Feliks Nowowiejski
| 1 |
7,860,171 |
## World War Two and later life {#world_war_two_and_later_life}
During the German invasion of Poland at the start of World War II in 1939, Nowowiejski hid first among the nuns of St. Elizabeth\'s Hospital in Poznań, afterwards fleeing to Kraków. He had briefly been detained under suspicion of spying for Russia (upon denunciation by a passerby). After World War II, when the region of Warmia became again part of Poland, Nowowiejski was seen increasingly as a Pole due to his pro-Polish views and Polish themes in so many of his works. He subsequently received many honours. thumb\|upright=0.85\|Nowowiejski\'s grave in the St. Adalbert\'s Church in Poznań After a severe stroke in December 1941, Nowowiejski ended his musical productivity. After a return to Poznań in 1945, he died on 15 January 1946. His memorial grave is located at St. Adalbert\'s Church in Poznań.
## Selected works {#selected_works}
thumb\|upright=0.85\|Manuscript of *Rota*
### Opera
- *Busola* (in German: *Der Kompass*, 1906)
- *Emigranci* (The Emigrants, 1917).
- *Legenda Bałtyku*, Op. 28 (The Legend of the Baltic, 1924)
- *Legenda Kaszuba* (The Legend of Kashubia, 1933, Comic opera
- *Ondraszek* (1939)
### Ballet
- *Malowanki ludowe* (Folk Paintings), \"Ballet-Opera\" (1928)
- *Król wichrów* (The King of the Winds), Op. 37 (1929)
### Choral works {#choral_works}
- Oratorio, *Powrót syna marnotrawnego*, Op. 3 (The Return of the Prodigal Son, 1902, awarded the Giacomo Meyerbeer Prize).
- Oratorio, *Znalezienie Świętego Krzyża*, Op. 14 (The Discovery of the Holy Cross, with the famous *Pace Domine*, 1906).
- Oratorio, *Quo vadis*, Op. 30 (1909).
- *Slawische Volksszene* (Slavic Folk Scene, 1912)
- *The Mystery of the Cross* with Psalm 136 (unfinished)
- *Missa pro pace*, Op. 49/3 (1935)
### Symphonies
- *Nordlandfahrt* (1900; lost)
- Symphony in B minor (1903; lost)
- Symphony No. 1, \"The Seven Colors of the Iris\", Op. 12 (1904)
- Symphony No. 2, \"Work and Rhythm\", Op. 52 (1937)
- Symphony No. 3, \"From Białowieża\", Op. 53 (1939)
- Symphony No. 4, \"Symphony of Peace\", Op. 58, for 3 solo voices, narrator, mixed choir and orchestra (1941)
### Orchestral
- Overture, *Polish Courtship* (1903), awarded the `{{Interlanguage link multi|Ludwig van Beethoven Prize|de|3=Beethoven-Preis}}`{=mediawiki}.
- Three Symphonic Poems, Op. 17
- 1\. *Beatrice* (1903)
- 2\. *Nina and Pergolesi* (1905)
- 3\. *The Death of Helena* (1915)
### Concertante works {#concertante_works}
- *Legende* for violin and orchestra (1914)
- Cello Concerto, Op. 55 (1938)
- Piano Concerto in D minor, *Slavonic*, Op. 60 (1941)
### Songs
- Song, *Rota* (1910).
- 5 Orchestral symphonies (the 1st symphony is not extant) (1903, 1904, 1937, 1939, 1941)
### Organ
- 9 organ symphonies Op. 45 (c. 1929--31)
- 4 organ concertos Op. 56 (c. 1930--40)
- *In Paradisum*, the organ poem, Op. 61 (1941)
### Piano
- March, *Pod sztandarem pokoju* (Under the Banner of Peace, 1898, awarded a prize in London).
- *Backfischchens Traum*, Op
| 477 |
Feliks Nowowiejski
| 2 |
7,860,187 |
***KiteLife (KL)*** was an American magazine devoted to kites. The magazine was in circulation between 1998 and 2014. The magazine is no longer in circulation but the website remains active with both free access and paid accounts. It hosts archives of every magazine issue, archives of several other kite-related publications including *Kite Lines Magazine* and *Stunt Kite Quarterly*, a collection kite videos and tutorials, and an active discussion board.
## Creation
Founded in 1998 by Mike Gillard of Ohio, *KiteLife Magazine* was the first on-line publication 100% devoted to the sport of kite flying and its community. Featuring articles, reviews and interviews with notable kite fliers, Kitelife offered a wealth of kiting information and entertainment during a time when there were no other kite publications available. Building on the ideas and vision carried by such out-of-print kiting publications as *Stunt Kite Quarterly*, *Kite Lines*, *American Kite Magazine* and *Kite Passion*, Gillard published bi-monthly issues of *Kitelife Magazine* until the business changed ownership a few years later.
## John Barresi {#john_barresi}
In January 2003, John Barresi became the sole owner of *KiteLife*. Having spent the 1997 sport kite season flying together on the Captain Eddie\'s Flying Circus sport kite team, Barresi shared the same desire to contribute to kiting through promotion, education and stimulation in his role as Webmaster of Kitelife. With Gillard\'s taking over the editorship of the American Kitefliers Association *Kiting Magazine* in recent years, Barresi assumed full ownership effective August 1, 2003.
John\'s history in kiting began in 1990 when he started flying recreationally in San Francisco, then went on to become a competitor on the national AKA and American Kite Magazine competition circuits\... Since then, his experience expanded to include roles on three national championship sport kite teams, roughly 20 individual national championships, positions on several [AKA](https://web.archive.org/web/20100305022044/http://aka.kite.org/) committees and sub-committees, service as a board member on the [Kite Trade Association](http://www.kitetrade.org)\'s board of directors, judge at the 2006 [World Sport Kite Championships](http://www.worldsportkite.com), member of the 2007/2008 Red Bull Kite Performers team, founder of the [RevGuild](http://www.revguild.org) kite club and many other exploits, all of which have contributed to the wide variety of contacts, resources and material that drives Kitelife today.
## Expansion
*KiteLife* expanded its realm of content very quickly with the gradual addition of what is now the largest single video collection of sport kite performances found anywhere on the World Wide Web, as well as a wide variety of [Video Tutorials](http://www.kitelife.com/video-tutorials) for sport kite pilots. Additionally, a discussion forum and photo gallery were added.
KiteLife went on to secure permission to reproduce some out of print magazines into PDF format so that it would again be accessible to the general public, free of charge. Publishers Valerie Govig of *Kite Lines* and Susan Batdorff of *Stunt Kite Quarterly* understood the historical value and agreed to share their creations with the world through *KiteLife*. It also contained complete archives of *Kite Lines* Magazine, which was published 1977 through 2000.
*KiteLife* serviced thousands of visitors every month and supports itself through the contributions of [advertisers](http://www.kitelife.com/advertising/) and [subscription](http://www.kitelife.com/subscriptions/) fees, as well as extensive involvement in [web design](https://web.archive.org/web/20120910123404/http://www.kitelife.com/web-services/) for many of the top businesses and organizations in kiting. Although the main bulk of the content is free by principle, visitors are still encouraged to subscribe for additional features and the knowledge they are supporting a worthwhile cause.
The organization is the titular sponsor of *Team Kitelife* or TKL, a performance sport kite team organized in 2016. As of 2023 the team has expanded to 10 members
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**Claude Meillassoux** (`{{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|eɪ|ə|ˈ|s|uː}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{IPA|fr|mɛjasu|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; December 26, 1925 -- January 2, 2005) was a French neo-Marxist economic anthropologist and Africanist. A student of Georges Balandier, he did fieldwork among the Guro (*Gouro*) of Côte d\'Ivoire; his thesis was published in 1964. In the 1970s he criticised Marshall Sahlins\'s use of the notion of \"domestic mode of production\". Meillassoux was throughout his life a politically committed critic of social injustice.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Meillassoux was born at Roubaix, in northern France, to a family of textile manufacturers. After studying law and political science at the Institut d\'études politiques at Paris, he went in 1948 to study at the University of Michigan\'s School of Business.
## Career
Meillassoux returned to France run the family textile business but, tiring of administration, spent some time in the United States, employed by the commissariat à la productivité as an interpreter for visiting French industrialists. On his return to France, he served as intermediary between American experts and French businesses. Joining the Centre d\'action des gauches indépendantes (CAGI), he met Georges Balandier, and worked for him in producing an inventory of works by British functionalists on black Africa. Having taken classes taught by Balandier at the École pratique des hautes études in humanities and social sciences, Meillassoux went in 1956 to the Ivory Coast as an economic expert on a research project involving the Guro. In 1962, having defended his thesis under the supervision of Balandier, he took a position at the École pratique des hautes études.
He joined the French National Centre for Scientific Research as a researcher under Pierre Monbeig in 1964, working on a project under the direction of Jean Rouch (whom he went on to succeed). In 1979, Meillassoux was appointed co-director of a research team on Rural Societies and Development Policies, later becoming research director. In 1982 he took a position heading a project focused on Southern Africa, and in 1986 founded a research group on Southern Africa involving researchers, academics, doctoral students, anthropologists, sociologists and economists. In the 2000s he worked on a critical anthropological study of the Bible, with a focus on kinship ties.
In 1984, he was awarded the French National Centre for Scientific Research silver medal for his work.
Meillassoux died in 2005 in Paris. His son Quentin is an academic philosopher.
## Books
- *Femmes, greniers et capitaux* (1975, Maspero; transl. as *Maidens, Meal and Money: Capitalism and the Domestic Community*)
- *Anthropologie de l\'esclavage: le ventre de fer et d\'argent* (1986; transl. 1991 as *The Anthropology of Slavery: The Womb of Iron and Gold*)
- *[Anthropologie économique des Gouro de Côte d'Ivoire : De l'économie de subsistance à l'agriculture commerciale](http://books.openedition.org/editionsehess/94)*. Les ré-impressions. Paris: Éditions de l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 2013.
- Meillassoux, Claude, et Christine Verschuur. *[Entre l'État et les « bandits » armés par l'Afrique du Sud](https://books.openedition.org/iheid/5248?lang=fr). Les paysans ignorés du Mozambique*. Graduate Institute Publications, 2018.
## Articles
- \"Essai d\'interprétation du phénomène économique dans les sociétés traditionnelles d\'autosubsistance\", *Cahiers d\'études africaines*, 1960, 4: 38-67
- "From Reproduction to Production: A Marxist Approach to Economic Anthropology." *Economy and Society* 1(1), 1974
- \"[Past and future relevance of Marx and Engels\' works to anthropology](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00245136#citeas)\". Dialectical Anthropology 9, 349--356 1985
- Meillassoux, Claude. « [De l'incapacité des hommes à accoucher, et ce qu'il en advient](https://books.openedition.org/iheid/6108?lang=fr) ». In *Quel genre d'homme ? : Construction sociale de la masculinité, relations de genre et développement*, édité par Christine Verschuur, 99‑120. Genre et développement. Rencontres. Genève: Graduate Institute Publications, 2016
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**Roibal**, also spelled **Roybal** and **Ruibal**, is a Galician surname, later introduced into the Americas. It has its origin in the hamlet of *Ruibal*, in the municipality of Moraña, Galicia, Spain where 3% of the inhabitants are surnamed *Ruibal*.
In Galicia, the surname is in use at least since the 14th century.
## History
In the Americas, the name first appears in documents dating to around 1675. One of the first recorded instances is that of Ignacio Roibal, a soldier who traveled with Don Diego de Vargas to reconquer the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico from the Native Americans after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. Fray Angélico Chávez, a New Mexico historian, is also a descendant of the New Mexico Roibal lineage and was one of the first to trace it. Many Roibals (Roybals) trace their ancestry to the New Mexico cities of Santa Fe, Pojoaque, El Rancho, Jacona, to the San Ildefonso Pueblo, where it is shared by Native Americans, and to the historical area of Cuyumungue.
## Notable people with the last name Roybal {#notable_people_with_the_last_name_roybal}
- Alfonso Roybal (also known as Awa Tsireh) (1898--1955), San Ildefonso Pueblo artist and painter
- Antonio Roybal (born 1976), American painter and sculptor
- Edward R. Roybal (1916--2005), American politician, Member of the U.S
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| 18 |
The Best Years
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The **Apache Nugget Casino** is located 15 miles north of Cuba, New Mexico, at the junctions of highway 550 and highway 537. The casino is operated by the Apache Nugget Corporation (ANC) which oversees all gaming activity for the Jicarilla Apache Nation. ANC is a for-profit Federally Chartered Section 17 Corporation owned by the Jicarilla Apache Nation. It is located in Dulce, New Mexico, the headquarters for the Nation. ANC has been in existence since 2003.
ANC\'s casino property the Apache Nugget Casino opened on August 6, 2004. The Apache Nugget Casino has 227 slot machines. In addition, it offers a small dining facility, gift/smoke shop, and a player\'s club
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Apache Nugget Casino
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**Natalia Krestianinova** (*Наталья Крестьянинова*) is a Russian former pair skater. She is a three-time (1990--1992) World Junior champion with partner Alexei Torchinski.
## Competitive highlights {#competitive_highlights}
(with Torchinski)
**International**
---------------------------------------------------
Event
World Champ.
European Champ.
GP NHK Trophy
GP Nations Cup
Nebelhorn Trophy
St. Gervais
Centennial On Ice
**International: Junior**
World Junior Champ.
**National**
Russian Champ
| 56 |
Natalia Krestianinova
| 0 |
7,860,273 |
The **Circolo Sportivo Italiano** is a Peruvian sports club located in the Lima metropolitan area. It is best known for its football, volleyball and basketball teams, which participate in national competitions, such as the Copa Perú, the Liga Nacional Superior and the Liga de Basket, respectively. The club\'s other sports include paleta frontón, bocce, billiards, fencing, swimming, rowing and tennis.
## History
The club was founded by on August 16, 1917, by Antonio D\'Onofrio (the son of Pedro D\'Onofrio) and 65 founding members of the Italian colony in Lima with the aim of promoting sport among the diaspora in Peru and their descendants. It has traditionally competed in various disciplines. In football, the club\'s representative team competed in the First Division of Peru from 1926 until 1934, when it was dissolved. Later, the *Circolo Sportivo Italiano* merged with the *Società Canottieri Italia*, both of which were brought together in the *Sociedad Peruana Italiana*, and according to its current statutes, it is currently named the *Circolo Sportivo Italiano-Società Canottieri Italia*.
Originally located at number 1094 of Belén Street, the club\'s success led to the quick move to a site in the district of Pueblo Libre, behind the country house of then president Augusto B. Leguía (later turned into the *Rosa de América*, a girls-only school) in Brazil Avenue. The merger of both clubs meant that the club also owned the site of the former *Società Canottieri Italia*, located in Coronel Bolognesi Avenue at La Punta (Callao). In Pueblo Libre, a Estadio Víctor Manuel III was built, which was inaugurated by Leguía himself in 1922 but eventually irreparably damaged by the earthquake of 1940
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**Alexey Torchinski** (*Алексей Торчинский*) is a Russian former pair skater. He is a three-time (1990--1992) World Junior champion with partner Natalia Krestianinova.
## Competitive highlights {#competitive_highlights}
(with Krestianinova)
**International**
---------------------------------------------------
Event
World Champ.
European Champ.
GP NHK Trophy
GP Nations Cup
Nebelhorn Trophy
St. Gervais
Centennial On Ice
**International: Junior**
World Junior Champ.
**National**
Russian Champ
| 56 |
Alexei Torchinski
| 0 |
7,860,283 |
The **Fourth Council of Toledo** was held in 633. It was convened by Visigothic king Sisenand and took place at the church of Saint Leocadia in Toledo.
Probably under the presidency of the noted Isidore of Seville, the council regulated many matters of discipline, decreed uniformity of liturgy throughout the Visigothic kingdom and took stringent measures against baptized Jews who had relapsed into their former faith.
At this council, begun 5 December 633, all the bishops of Hispania were in attendance. Isidore, though elderly, presided over its deliberations, and was the originator of most of its enactments.
The council probably expressed with tolerable accuracy the mind and influence of Isidore. The position and deference granted to the king is remarkable. The church is free and independent, yet bound in solemn allegiance to the acknowledged king: nothing is said of allegiance to the bishop of Rome.
It was at the Fourth National Council of Toledo and through his influence that a decree was promulgated commanding and requiring all bishops to establish seminaries in their cathedral cities, along the lines of the school associated with Isidore already existing at Seville. Within his own jurisdiction he had availed himself of the resources of education to counteract the growing influence of Gothic barbarism. His was the quickening spirit that animated the educational movement of which Seville was the centre. The study of Greek and Hebrew as well as the liberal arts, was prescribed. Interest in law and medicine was also encouraged. Through the authority of the fourth council this policy of education was made obligatory upon all the bishops of the kingdom
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**Paul Lewicki** (born **Pawel Lewicki**; October 7, 1953) is a Polish-born American cognitive scientist, an entrepreneur, and investor. He was a professor of cognitive psychology at the University of Tulsa from 1984 through 2009, where he established the Nonconscious Information Processing Laboratory, funded by NSF and NIH. After leaving the university in 2009, he assumed the full-time role of CEO of StatSoft, a multinational analytics software company that he founded and where he was a majority shareholder. On March 24, 2014, StatSoft was sold to Dell.
## Research in cognitive psychology {#research_in_cognitive_psychology}
Lewicki is best known for his research on nonconscious information processing and self-perpetuation, where he demonstrated that procedural knowledge in many cases can be created via subconscious acquisition of information about complex covariations between events or features, and that subconsciously, individuals can acquire very complex knowledge structures based on highly-multidimensional patterns of data.
Lewicki\'s research on the self-perpetuating development of encoding dispositions purports to show that accidentally acquired (and even very slight) cognitive preferences or other encoding/interpretive dispositions can gradually develop and strengthen in a self-perpetuating manner. This mechanism may contribute to the development of \[personality traits and individual preferences, it may facilitate learning, but it can also lead to self-perpetuating development of dysfunctional biases, phobias, aversions and other symptoms of personality disorders.
## Cognitive mining versus predictive data mining {#cognitive_mining_versus_predictive_data_mining}
Lewicki together with fellow cognitive researcher Thomas Hill were among the first to publish evidence that advanced expertise acquired by humans via experience, involves the acquisition (learning) and utilization of repeatable patterns in data that are structurally more complex than what humans can verbalize or intuitively experience, because they involve high-order interactions between multiple variables. The human consciousness usually cannot handle more than only third-order interactions.
This approach became popular and rapidly adopted by the corporate world as so-called "predictive data mining" starting in the late 1990s and StatSoft's *STATISTICA Data Miner* is now one of the widely used enterprise-level software systems for data mining and predictive analytics.
Lewicki began to write data analysis software for personal computers even before PCs became powerful enough to handle computationally-intensive procedures such as data mining. He found the mainframe data analysis software difficult to use and needed a tool to analyze his research data. He gave this software away for free to colleagues, who provided positive feedback and this led him to incorporate StatSoft. StatSoft then expanded into enterprise-scale predictive analytics software and, according to the [company website](http://www.statsoft.com/company/), is now an international analytic solution software provider with more than 1,000,000 users and 30 offices worldwide.
## StatSoft
Lewicki was the Chief Executive Officer and President of StatSoft; on March 24, 2014, StatSoft was acquired by Dell.
In a recent interview, Lewicki emphasized that StatSoft's corporate culture remains focused on long-term research and altruism rather than profits: \"*Our mission is to create value and to make the world a better place, and analytics contribute directly to that. Our employees\' biggest reward is to see that what we\'re doing works and is making a difference.*\"
Lewicki is the co-author (with Thomas Hill) of *Statistics: Methods and Applications* (also freely available in electronic format as the [StatSoft Electronic Statistics Textbook](http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/) `{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214024341/http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/ |date=2009-12-14 }}`{=mediawiki}), a popular resource on statistics and predictive modeling on the web with over 375,000 links from other websites worldwide (according to Google Analytics).
At StatSoft, Lewicki (with Thomas Hill) also directed research sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute of Palo Alto (EPRI), to demonstrate the effectiveness of pattern recognition and predictive modeling algorithms for the optimization of combustion processes, to reduce harmful emissions from fossil fuel plants. The results of this research were published as EPRI Report number 1016494, and were also presented at the 2008 Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate. Lewicki has communicated to EPRI that because of the relevance of this work for environmentally sustainable power generation, this technology will be released to the public domain as soon as the proper regulatory infrastructure is established by the EPA and DOE.
## Involvement in European economies {#involvement_in_european_economies}
In the fall of 2012, Lewicki led the "Free Enterprise Software for Struggling European Economies" initiative, where StatSoft was installing free enterprise systems to companies in Greece, Portugal, and Spain to boost their productivity and competitiveness, and to facilitate their recovery. Lewicki has directed an [open letter to fellow CEOs of US software companies](http://www.statsoft.com/company/news/open-letter-aid-for-european-struggling-economies/) urging them to join the initiative.
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## Artificial intelligence in medicine {#artificial_intelligence_in_medicine}
After the sale of StatSoft to Dell in 2014, Lewicki focused on applications of artificial intelligence in medicine, that has been traditionally slower in adopting big data learning and data mining, and he co-founded [Holo Surgical Inc.](https://holosurgical.com/), a company that developed technology based on Artificial Intelligence and Augmented Reality to provide surgeons and later robots with synthetic vision. This AI-based technology is intended to support digital surgery by allowing surgeons to see internal organs without making incisions as if the patient had no skin, muscles, or connective tissue and thus to perform complex surgeries using minimally invasive techniques. Lewicki was the President and a major shareholder of Holo Surgical Inc. until 2020 when it was acquired by Surgalign Holdings Inc. (Nasdaq: SRGA). [Lewicki joined the Board of Directors of Surgalign in 2020.](https://www.surgalign.com/news/surgalign-holdings-inc-appoints-paul-lewicki-phd-to-board-of-directors/)
In 2016, Lewicki co-founded [Interneural Networks Inc.](https://comparemri.com/) (a company that specializes in Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Learning analysis of MRI brain imaging), and [Kardiolytics](https://www.kardiolytics.com/) (a company that developed AI-based, non-invasive heart-diagnostics methods). Kardiolytics uses non-invasive, AI-based analysis of inexpensive and widely available CT-scans to produce in depth heart diagnostics, with the goal of providing these methods remotely to a large percentage of the world population that currently have no access to advanced medical procedures.
In 2017, Lewicki co-founded [Dystrogen Therapeutics Inc.](http://dystrogen.com/) a company that develops treatments for rare diseases such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Huntington Disease based on high-tech therapies using chimeric cells and RNAi platforms.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Lewicki is a jet-rated Airline Transport Pilot, he is also an avid scuba diver, horse rider, and a skier
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This is a list of events held by the Cage Rage Championships, a now-defunct mixed martial arts organization that was based in England. The first event, *Cage Rage 1*, took place on September 7, 2002 and the last, *Cage Rage UK - Fighting Hurts Final*, on November 1, 2008.
\# Event Title Date Arena Location
---- -------------------------------------------- ------ ---------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
43 Cage Rage UK - Fighting Hurts Final The Troxy London, United Kingdom
42 Cage Rage 28 The Troxy London, United Kingdom
41 Cage Rage 27 Wembley Arena London, United Kingdom
40 Cage Rage Contenders 10 The Troxy London, United Kingdom
39 Cage Rage 26 NEC Arena Birmingham, United Kingdom
38 Cage Rage Contenders - Ireland vs
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**Nancy Kassop** is a SUNY Distinguished Professor at the State University of New York at New Paltz, and former chair of the Political Science Department at the school. Some of the courses she teaches are American Government and Politics and Constitutional Law.
## Biography
Kassop graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a B.A. in political science and earned her Ph.D. and M.A. in political science from New York University. She earned her college preparatory diploma from Friends Academy in Locust Valley, New York.
Her research focuses on constitutional law and the presidency. Among her many articles and publications is \"Expansion and Contraction: Clinton\'s Impact on the Scope of Presidential Power\" in *The Presidency and the Law: The Clinton Legacy* (University Press of Kansas, 2002, edited by Adler and Genovese) and \"A Political Question By Any Other Name: Government Strategy in the Enemy Combatant Cases of Hamdi and Padilla\" in *The Political Question Doctrine and the Supreme Court of the United States* (Lexington Books, 2007, edited by Mourtada-Saba). During the GW Bush and Obama administration, her focus was on presidential war powers and national security law. Some of her research explores the role of the Obama administration\'s political staff and the White House Counsel\'s office in making counterterrorism policy. Her current research is on the role of the White House Counsel, aided by interviews with former Counsels through the White House Transition Project (https://whitehousetransitionproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/WHTP-28-Counsel.pdf) and the Presidential Oral History Program at the Miller Center at the University of Virginia (https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-oral-histories). Her most recent work analyzes the relationship between the White House and the Department of Justice (https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4872676).
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Kassop was born April 1, 1950, in Glen Cove, New York to Joyce and Lionel Goldberg
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**Altus** (also known as *Uni Centrum* or *Business Center 2000*) is a skyscraper in Katowice, Silesia, Poland.
The construction started in 2001 and finished in 2003. The building is 125 m high and rises 30 floors above ground. Total floor area is 68,815 m^2^, and volume is 270,430 m^3^. The building surrounds a four-story atrium. One wing of the building has 18 stories and the other has 29.
Altus is an intelligent building, controlled centrally through a Building Management System. There are 18 elevators in the building.
The main tenants are a four-star hotel, a casino, a health club, and banks: PKO Bank Polski, Citibank, and Kredyt Bank. There is also a three-level underground parking that can fit 560 cars. Over 1,500 people work in the building
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Altus Skyscraper
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7,860,434 |
**Sierra de Guadarrama National Park** (in Spanish: *Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama*) is a national park in Spain, covering nearly 34,000 hectares, the fifth largest in Spain\'s national parks system. The Guadarrama mountain range (*Sistema Central*) contains some ecologically valuable areas, located in the Community of Madrid and Castile and León (provinces of Segovia and Ávila). The law that regulates the recently approved national park was published in the BOE on `{{Start date|2013|06|26}}`{=mediawiki}.
## Ecology
The park aims to protect the eleven different ecosystems present in the Guadarrama mountains, including the only Iberian examples of \"high Mediterranean mountain\". Altogether there are more than 1,280 different species in the zone declared a national park, of which 13 are in danger of extinction, more than 1,500 native plants and 30 different types of vegetation. The species of animals in the mountains represent 45% of the total fauna of Spain and 18% of European fauna. The vegetation features the Scots pine, the oak, the juniper, the oak and piorno and many other species. As regards fauna, there are many mammals such as deer (red, roe and fallow), wild boar, wild goats, badgers, several mustelidaes, wild cats, foxes, hares, etc.; many species of waterfowl in the reservoirs, and great raptors like the Spanish imperial eagle or the Eurasian black vulture. Recently, a pack of wolves was discovered in the park after a 70-year absence in the region.
## History of attempts to designate the park {#history_of_attempts_to_designate_the_park}
The Peñalara Mountain climbing society proposed in the 1920s that the Guadarrama mountain range (in Spanish: *Sierra de Guadarrama*) should be declared a national park. This project had to be put on hold until the beginning of the 21st century, when the Community of Madrid revived the project. In the absence of a designated national park, some areas of the sierra were given alternative protection:
- Since 1984 El Escorial has been protected as a World Heritage Site (The Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial and Natural Surroundings).
- There is a natural park, the Peñalara Natural Park, designated in 1990. The natural park includes wetland areas which are important for amphibians, and in 2006 these were designated a Ramsar site, *Humedales del Macizo de Peñalar*. The natural park is within the boundaries of a Special Protection Area for birdlife.
- There is a regional park (*Parque Regional de la Cuenca Alta del Manzanares*), which was created in the 1980s. The area covered by the regional park, the upper Manzanares River basin, was designated in 1992 as a biosphere reserve (*Cuenca Alta del Río Manzanares*).
As proposed at the beginning of the 21st century, the park would have been the fourth largest in Spain. In 2006, it appeared that the designation of the national park was imminent. A plan for the part of the national park falling within the boundaries of the Community of Madrid was approved in November 2006.
### Planning in Castile and León {#planning_in_castile_and_león}
The autonomous community of Castile and León agreed in principle to the inclusion of part of its territory in the proposed national park but delays in creating the corresponding plan made it appear in early 2008 that the project was being put aside. It was reported in the press that as Castile and León had been suffering from population loss, the regional government was reluctant to restrict development in an area which was attractive to developers because of its proximity to the Spanish capital. However, the arrest of population decline was not the official explanation for lack of progress with the park (although the regional government cited population decline as a reason for supporting development on ecologically valuable sites elsewhere in the autonomous community, such as San Glorio). The reason given publicly for the lack of progress with the national park was a desire to protect the interests of \"traditional\" uses of the land, including commercial forestry which is prohibited in Spanish national parks. There were indications that Castile and León would prefer its side of the sierra to be given a lower level of protection than implied by national park status (e.g. a natural park, or \"regional park\"). However, in 2009 Castile and León indicated it would approve a plan for the national park in 2010, albeit a scaled-down version, and this timetable was adhered to. The Community of Madrid made similar proposals for a scaled-down park (see below).
### Planning in the Community of Madrid {#planning_in_the_community_of_madrid}
In late 2008 the Community of Madrid proposed to reduce the size of the Madrid portion of the national park, citing the interests of \"traditional\" uses of the land which might be restricted by planning regulations. The President of the Community, Esperanza Aguirre, argued that traditional uses were the best conservation strategy, and she specified the keeping of livestock, mountaineering and forestry as being traditional in the sierra. Aguirre subsequently clarified that she considered hunting and fishing as being in the same category.
Aguirre suggested that the area to be protected was not being reduced in size, but rather the level of protection was to be reduced outside a core area. The area of the national park would be largely confined to the summits. Lower down the slopes there would be plenty of opportunities to build houses in the sierra. More detailed proposals were produced in 2009 and received a positive response from the municipios affected, which welcomed the scope for increased urbanisation
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| 0 |
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The Japan Le Mans Challenge was a series of endurance races held in Japan, for motor racing cars, following the style of the famous Le Mans 24 Hours endurance race held every year in France.
The **2006 Japan Le Mans Challenge season** was the first ever season for the Japan Le Mans Challenge, a series created by SERO, and run under sanctioning from the ACO, to follow 24 Hours of Le Mans rules.
It began May 14, 2006, and ended October 29, 2006 after only three races.
For the 2006 series, three different Japanese motor racing circuits were used.
Four different categories of racing cars were permitted; LMP1, LMP2, GT1, and GT2.
The 2007 series was not deemed to be a success, and the series was cancelled afterwards.
## 2006 Pre-season {#pre_season}
In the buildup to the first season of JLMC, it was apparent from the start that unlike the Le Mans Series in Europe, JLMC would not start off with great success.
A lack of commitment from major Japanese teams, especially those involved in Super GT, meant that the entry list for the season was small.
An official pre-season test at Sportsland Sugo saw only 8 cars showing up. Even with this, more teams promised to eventually make it to the JLMC grid, including Team Goh, who had earned fame when they won the 2005 24 Hours of Le Mans with the conquering Audi R8.
However, of the teams that did show up, few had quality machinery. The entire LMP2 class was small sportscars that did not actually fit LMP2 regulations. LMP1 was able to boast some machinery that fit LMP rules with a Zytek 05S while there was promise of a new Courage LC70 for Mugen Motorsports on the way as the season went on.
GT classes was made up of a large amount of machinery from Super GT, with an ex-Prodrive Ferrari 550-GTS Maranello and JLOC\'s Super GT Lamborghini Murcielago RG-1 joined by a privateer Mosler MT900R in GT1.
GT2 was also only able to claim a few competitive entries, with some two Porsche 911 GT3s being mixed with a privateer cars that did not fully reach ACO GT2 specs.
These competitors allowed for the entry list of a mere 12 competitors for the first round at Sportsland Sugo.
## Schedule
Rnd Race Circuit Date
----- ------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------
1 Sportsland Sugo 1000 km Sportsland SUGO May 14
2 Motegi 1000 km Twin Ring Motegi July 2
3 Okayama 1000 km Okayama International Circuit October 29
| 419 |
2006 Japan Le Mans Challenge
| 0 |
7,860,452 |
## Season results {#season_results}
Overall winner in **bold**.
+----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Rnd | Circuit | LMP1 Winning Team | LMP2 Winning Team | GT1 Winning Team | GT2 Winning Team |
+======================+======================+=====================================================+======================================================+=============================================================+===================================================+
| LMP1 Winning Drivers | LMP2 Winning Drivers | GT1 Winning Drivers | GT2 Winning Drivers | | |
+----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | Sugo | #66 Jidosha Koubou Myst | #18 Aim Sports | **`{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} #20 Hitotsuyama Racing** | #27 Team Kawamura |
+----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| | | Takahiko Shimazawa\ | Shinsuke Yamakazi\ | **`{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Tatsuya Kataoka\ | Koji Aoyama\ |
| | | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Masaya Kono\ | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Yuji Aso\ | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Naoki Hattori\ | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Shinichi Takagi\ |
| | | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Kenji Takeya | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Masaru Tomizawa | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Eiichi Tajima** | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Morio Nitta |
+----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | Motegi | #66 Jidosha Koubou Myst | #4 MYZ | **`{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} #20 Hitotsuyama Racing** | #27 Team Kawamura |
+----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| | | Takahiki Shimazawa\ | Yuya Sakamoto\ | **`{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Tatsuya Kataoka\ | Koji Aoyama\ |
| | | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Hiroshi Ohta\ | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Yoshihisa Namekata\ | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Naoki Hattori\ | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Shinichi Takagi\ |
| | | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Kenji Takeya | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Tomonobu Fujii | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Eiichi Tajima** | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Morio Nitta |
+----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | Okayama | **`{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} #16 Team Mugen** | #4 MYZ | #88 JLOC | #930 Sunburst Rush |
+----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| | | **`{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Seiji Ara\ | Yuya Sakamoto\ | Koji Yamanishi\ | Yutaka Matsushima\ |
| | | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Haruki Kurosawa** | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Yoshihisa Namekata\ | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Yasatuka Hinoi\ | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Takeru Inui\ |
| | | | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Tomonobu Fujii | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Wada-Q | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Masashi Kakuichi |
+----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 280 |
2006 Japan Le Mans Challenge
| 1 |
7,860,452 |
## Drivers\' Championship {#drivers_championship}
### LMP1 standings {#lmp1_standings}
Pos Driver Team Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Total
----- -------------------- ---------------------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
1 Takahiko Shimazawa Jidousya Koubou Myst 5 5 2.5 **12.5**
2 Kenji Takeya Jidousya Koubou Myst 5 5 **10**
3 Hiroshi Ohta Jidousya Koubou Myst 5 2.5 **7.5**
### LMP2 standings {#lmp2_standings}
+-----+------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| Pos | Driver | Team | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Total |
+=====+======================================================+======================+=========+=========+=========+========+
| 1 | Yuya Sakamoto\ | MYZ | | 5 | 10 | **15** |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Yoshihisa Namekata\ | | | | | |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Tomonobu Fuji | | | | | |
+-----+------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| 2 | Tomokuni Waki\ | Jidousya Koubou Myst | | | 8 | **8** |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Masayoshi Furuya\ | | | | | |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Hisashi Tsukahara | | | | | |
+-----+------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| 3 | Shinsuke Yamazaki\ | Aim Sports | | 5 | | **5** |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Yuji Aso\ | | | | | |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Masaru Tomizawa | | | | | |
+-----+------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
### GT1 standings {#gt1_standings}
+-----+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| Pos | Driver | Team | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Total |
+=====+==================================================+====================+=========+=========+=========+========+
| 1 | Tatsuya Kataoka\ | Hitotsuyama Racing | 5 | 5 | 3 | **13** |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Naoki Hattori\ | | | | | |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Eiichi Tajima | | | | | |
+-----+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| 2 | Osamu Nakajima\ | Team Leyjun | 4 | 4 | 4 | **12** |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Masaki Tanaka\ | | | | | |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Hiroya Iijima | | | | | |
+-----+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| 3 | Koji Yamanishi\ | JLOC | | | 5 | **5** |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Yasutaka Hinoi\ | | | | | |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Hisashi Wada | | | | | |
+-----+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
### GT2 standings {#gt2_standings}
+-----+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| Pos | Driver | Team | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Total |
+=====+====================================================+=================+=========+=========+=========+========+
| 1 | Koji Aoyama\ | Team Kawamura | 5 | 5 | 8 | **18** |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Shinichi Takagi\ | | | | | |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Morio Nitta | | | | | |
+-----+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| 2 | Yutaka Matsushima\ | Sunburst Rush | | | 10 | **10** |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Masashi Kakiuchi\ | | | | | |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Takeshi Inui | | | | | |
+-----+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| 3 | Kazuyoshi Takamizawa\ | Team Takamizawa | 4 | 4 | | **8** |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Akihiko Tsutsumi\ | | | | | |
| | `{{flagicon|Japan}}`{=mediawiki} Tomohiko Sunako | | | | | |
+-----+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| 474 |
2006 Japan Le Mans Challenge
| 2 |
7,860,452 |
## Teams\' Championship {#teams_championship}
Points are awarded to finishers based on how many cars were entered in each class. For classes with a lower car count, the top five were awarded points in the order of 5-4-3-2-1. Classes with more entries were awarded points for the top eight in the order of 10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1.
Only the top finishing car in a team scores points towards the championship.
### LMP1 standings {#lmp1_standings_1}
+-----+---------------------+-----------------+----------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| Pos | Team | Chassis | Engine | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Total |
+=====+=====================+=================+======================+=========+=========+=========+========+
| 1 | Jidosha Koubou Myst | RS.Oscar SK-52\ | Toyota 3.0L V8 | \ | \ | \ | **13** |
| | | RS.Oscar SK-93 | | 5 | 5 | 3 | |
+-----+---------------------+-----------------+----------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| 2 | Team Mugen | Courage LC70 | Mugen MF408S 4.0L V8 | | | 5 | **5** |
+-----+---------------------+-----------------+----------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| 3 | Hitotsuyama Racing | Zytek 05S | Zytek ZB408 4.0L V8 | | | 4 | **4** |
+-----+---------------------+-----------------+----------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
### LMP2 standings {#lmp2_standings_1}
+-----+---------------------+-----------------+----------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| Pos | Team | Chassis | Engine | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Total |
+=====+=====================+=================+================+=========+=========+=========+========+
| 1 | MYZ | Dallara GC-21 | Toyota 2.0L I4 | | 5 | 10 | **15** |
+-----+---------------------+-----------------+----------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| 2 | Jidosha Koubou Myst | RS.KK-LM\ | Toyota 3.0L V8 | \ | | \ | **12** |
| | | RS.Oscar SK-5.2 | | 4 | | 8 | |
+-----+---------------------+-----------------+----------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| 3 | AIM Sports | Dallara GC-21 | Toyota 2.0L I4 | 5 | | | **5** |
+-----+---------------------+-----------------+----------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
### GT1 standings {#gt1_standings_1}
Pos Team Chassis Engine Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Total
----- -------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------
1 Hitotsuyama Racing Ferrari 550-GTS Maranello Ferrari 5.9L V12 5 5 3 **13**
2 Team LeyJun Mosler MT900R Chevrolet 6.0L V8 4 4 4 **12**
3 JLOC Lamborghini Murcielago RG-1 Lamborghini 6.0L V12 5 **5**
### GT2 standings {#gt2_standings_1}
+-----+-----------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| Pos | Team | Chassis | Engine | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Total |
+=====+=================+========================+=====================+=========+=========+=========+========+
| 1 | Team Kawamura | Porsche 911 GT3-RSR | Porsche 3.6L Flat-6 | 5 | 5 | 8 | **18** |
+-----+-----------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| 2 | Proto Works | Mazda RX-7\ | Mazda 2.0L 3-Rotor\ | 3\ | 3\ | \ | **12** |
| | | Porsche 911 GT3-RS | Porsche 3.6L Flat-6 | \ | \ | 6 | |
+-----+-----------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| 3 | Sunburst Rush | Porsche 964 Carrera RS | Porsche 3.6L Flat-6 | | | 10 | **10** |
+-----+-----------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------+---------+---------+--------+
| 4 | Team Takamizawa | Porsche 911 GT3-R | Porsche 3
| 452 |
2006 Japan Le Mans Challenge
| 3 |
7,860,459 |
**National Dance Company Wales** (**NDCWales**), originally **Diversions, the Dance Company of Wales**, is the national dance company of Wales. It was established in 1983 by Roy Campbell-Moore and Ann Sholem and is funded by the Arts Council of Wales. It was renamed in 2009. Matthew Robinson was appointed Artistic Director in 2021.
National Dance Company Wales is a resident company at the Wales Millennium Centre and is a contemporary dance company which performs work from established international choreographers and tours throughout the UK and abroad. Programmes of dance are presented within the format of double and triple bills.
The company also runs a wide range of participation, professional development and \"engagement opportunities\" for people of all ages. This includes open classes and rehearsals, dance courses, the Young Associates programme, Dance for Parkinson\'s and support for Wales-based choreographers.
## Dance House {#dance_house}
The **Dance House** is the home of the National Dance Company Wales in the Wales Millennium Centre. It houses two production studios, office space and a lounge area. The main production studio, the Blue Room, includes 100 tiered and retractable seats. The second studio, the Man Gwyn, provides additional rehearsal space and is fitted with ballet barres and mirrors. The Dance House is a production facility and performance space for both NDCWales productions and other dance projects.
## Repertoire
**Current**
- *Waltz* Choreographer: Marcos Morau (Russia)
- *SAY SOMETHING* Choreographer: SAY -- Sarah Golding and Yukiko Masui (UK)
**Previous**
- *NO SHOW* Choreographer: Matthew Robinson (UK)
- *Fan the Flames* Choreographer: Thomas Carsley (UK)
- *2067, Time and Time and Time* Choreographer: Alexandra Waierstall (Germany)
- *Moving Is Everywhere, Forever* Choreographer: Faye Tan (UK)
- *Rygbi* Choreographer: Fearghus ó Conchúir (Ireland)
- *Why Are People Clapping* Choreographer: Ed Myhill (UK)
- *Wild Thoughts* Choreographer: Mario Bermudez Gil (Israel)
- *Afterimage* Choreographer: Fernando Melo (Brazil)
- *Codi* Choreographer: Anthony Matsena (UK)
- *Ludo* Choreographer: Caroline Finn (Germany)
- *Revellers\' Mass* Choreographer: Caroline Finn (Germany)
- *Atalaÿ* Choreographer: Mario Bermudez Gil (Spain)
- *Tundra* Choreographer: Marcos Morau (Spain)
- *Folk* Choreographer: Caroline Finn (UK)
- *Animatorium* Choreographer: Caroline Finn (UK)
- *They Seek to Find the Happiness They Seem* Choreographer: Lee Johnston (Australia / UK)
- *Parade* Choreographer: Caroline Finn (UK)
- *Profundis* Choreographer: Roy Assaf (Israel)
- *The Green House* Choreographer: Caroline Finn (UK)
- *Walking Mad* Choreographer: Johan Inger (Sweden)
- *Tupet* Choreographer: Alexander Ekman (Sweden)
- *A Mighty Wind* Choreographer: Jeroen Verbruggen (Belgium)
- *Mythology* Choreographer: Stephen Shropshire (Netherlands/USA)
- *Water Stories* Choreographer: Stephen Petronio (USA)
- *Purlieus* Choreographer: Lee Johnston (UK)
- *Dream* Choreographer: Christopher Bruce (UK)
- *Noces* Choreographer: Angelin Preljocaj (France)
- *Virtual Descent* Choreographer: Eleesha Drennan (Canada)
- *B/olero & Black Milk* Choreographer: Ohad Naharin (Israel)
- *Phantoms of Us* Choreographer: Eleesha Drennan (Canada)
- *Quixoteland* Choreographer: Gustavo Ramirez Sansano (Spain)
- *By Singing Light* Choreographer: Stephen Petronio (USA)
- *Romance Inverse* Choreographer: Itzik Galili (Israel)
THE FULL DIVERSIONS DANCE COMPANY REPERTOIRE CAN BE ACCESSED ON THE PEOPLE\'S COLLECTION WALES WEBSITE (National Library of Wales)
| 501 |
National Dance Company Wales
| 0 |
7,860,480 |
**Distant Cousins** were an English band from Manchester. They are grouped within the Madchester scene, though the music was a blend of soul and pop. The group consisted of Doreen Edwards (vocals), Neil Fitzpatrick (ex-Smirks, guitar/sax), and \"Snuff\" (ex-Motivation, drums/percussion). Edwards and Fitzpatrick wrote most of the band\'s songs.
Simon Milner (vocals/piano) and Ian \"Mog\" Morris (bass), both also from The Smirks, performed as auxiliary members of the group in the studio. Milner also wrote one song on each of the group\'s two albums, as well as a non-LP B-side.
They were originally signed to independent label Ghetto Records for whom they recorded their first album. A re-recording of one of the album tracks \"You Used To\" became their first single in December 1989; it peaked at number 77 on the UK Singles Chart in January 1990. The band were subsequently signed to Virgin Records, but had no more chart hits and broke up after the release of their second album, 1992\'s *Warm Hatred*
| 164 |
Distant Cousins
| 0 |
7,860,506 |
The **Hope Town District Council** is a local government council in the Bahamas. It is a third schedule district council located within the Abaco Islands of the northwest Bahamas.
After the implementation of local government in the Bahamas in 1996, the Ministry of Local Government approved the creation of the Hope Town District in 1999. The initial council makeup included seven councillors, three from Hope Town, three from Man-O-War Cay, and one from Great Guana Cay. During the 2008 local government elections, the council makeup was downsized to five councillors, with two for Hope Town, two for Man-O-War Cay, and one for Great Guana Cay.
The Hope Town District Council is an amalgamation of thirteen islands: Great Guana Cay, Scotland Cay, Foot\'s Cay, Fowl Cay, Man-O-War Cay, Sandy Cay, Dickie\'s Cay, Garden Cay, Johnny\'s Cay, Elbow Cay (where the capital settlement Hope Town is located), Lubber\'s Quarters, Tilloo Cay, and the Pelican Cays.
## Pre-existence {#pre_existence}
When local government was introduced to the Bahamas in 1996, the Hope Town District Council did not exist. Hope Town had its own town committee and the neighboring communities of Man-O-War Cay and Great Guana Cay shared a town committee. The seat of Council was in Marsh Harbour that involved the Central Abaco area and the cays. The Town Committees of both Hope Town and Man-O-War Cay/Guana Cay each sent a Council member to sit on the Central Abaco Council.
## Creation of the council {#creation_of_the_council}
Local government terms in the Bahamas are three years. After the first term of local government (1996--1999), the Minister of Local Government saw the need for the Cays to have its own council, and thus the Hope Town District Council was formed. The council consists of three settlements and surrounding cays, including the settlements of Great Guana Cay, Man-O-War Cay, and Elbow Cay. The other cays that are included are:
- Scotland Cay
- Canes Cay
- Sandy Cay
- Garden Cay
- Johnny\'s Cay
- Lubber\'s Quarters
- Parrot Cays
- Tilloo Cay
- Pelican Cays
## Council representation {#council_representation}
The Hope Town District Council consists of seven members, all elected. Three members represent Elbow Cay, three members represent Man-O-War Cay, and one represents Great Guana Cay. These numbers are based on registered voter population, meaning that Elbow Cay and Man-O-War Cay have larger populations than Great Guana Cay.
The residents of Great Guana Cay have voiced concern over their representation feeling that they deserve equal representation with the other two towns. The Minister of Local Government was considering a change in the member structure for the 2008 local government elections.
| 434 |
Hope Town District Council
| 0 |
7,860,506 |
## History
### Hope Town Council 1999--2002 {#hope_town_council_19992002}
This was the first council to serve on the actual Hope Town District Council. Elbow Cay (Hope Town) needed no elections as Suzanne Bethel, Scott Patterson, and Kevin Albury were elected unopposed. The same situation followed in Man-O-War; Roy Russell, Arthur Elden, and Richard Roberts were elected unopposed. In Great Guana Cay, Glenn Laing defeated Donna Sands in an election. The Chief Councillor and Deputy Chief Councillor are elected amongst the council, not directly by the people. After this group was elected, they choose Roy Russell as first Chief Councillor and Suzanne Bethel as Deputy Chief Councillor.
After three months into the term, Chief Councillor Russell insisted that the main office be in Man-O-War Cay, where he is resident. The Island Administrator disagreed and stated that Hope Town is the capital for the district and the office should always remain in Hope Town (Elbow Cay). As a result, the Man-O-War Council members resigned in protest. Man-O-War Cay went without representation for almost a year until Harcourt Thompson, Jimmy Albury, and Tony Albury were appointed to serve out the term.
The resignation of Chief Councillor Russell and the Man-O-War members left the Chief Councillor\'s position vacant and the council elected Suzanne Bethel as Chief Councillor and Kevin Albury as Deputy Chief Councillor. Into the term, Scott Patterson resigned, and Roscoe Thompson finished out his term.
No major dilemmas occurred during the term of this council, other than that being a new district, Chief Councillor Bethel and other councillors quickly discovered various challenges. The biggest is the diverseness of the different settlements even though they are within a tight-knit district. Under this term, Chief Councillor Bethel also undertook the establishment of the Pelican Cays\' Land and Sea Park. As the term ended, Chief Councillor Bethel, after being active in local government and the Board of Works for almost forty years, retired from local government. Local residents still recognize her as their \"Iron Lady\" or \"Margaret Thatcher\"..
### Hope Town Council 2002--2005 {#hope_town_council_20022005}
The dust from the general election showdown in the Bahamas had not quite settled, and local government elections were set a month later. Elections in Hope Town had Jeff Key, Roscoe Thompson, and Diane Bethel, the victors, getting more votes to secure the three spots than Junior Meynard. In Man-O-War Cay, Walter Sweeting, Tony Albury, and Roy Russell won the election defeating George Phillpot, Jeremy Sweeting, Gary Sawyer, and Bill Albury. Glenn Laing went in for Great Guana Cay unopposed.
The council members elected Walter Sweeting as Chief Councillor and Jeff Key as Deputy Chief Councillor.
From the beginning, this council dealt with a controversial matter. They attempted to award a council member, Tony Albury, a government contract. Along with the fact that he was the highest bidder, much controversy ensued. After awarding the contract, Tony Albury resigned his post, and Haziel McDonald served his spot the remainder of the term. Much criticism arose from surrounding councils in Abaco, including from Yvonne Key of the Central Abaco Council, who publicly denounced the way the matter was handled.
Other than that, the life of this council went relatively smoothly without much other controversy. The road contract for Hope Town was signed while in office, and this road stretched from the post office to Dorris Cove. As the term ended, they did petition that the Minister of Local Government realign the Hope Town District Council so that each town could have their own council. The decision was deferred by the Minister.
| 587 |
Hope Town District Council
| 1 |
7,860,506 |
## History
### Hope Town Council 2005--2008 {#hope_town_council_20052008}
Elections in Hope Town had only one person nominated, Roy Cash. Appointed to the vacancies were Wayne Hall and Robert Malone. In Man-O-War Cay, Jeremy Sweeting was nominated, and Joe Albury and Chris Albury were appointed. Glenn Laing was re-elected to serve a third term in Great Guana Cay, defeating Anthony Roberts and Troy Albury.
Wayne Hall was elected the council\'s fourth Chief Councillor and Jeremy Sweeting elected as Deputy Chief Councillor.
This council has been viewed`{{By whom|date=September 2013}}`{=mediawiki} to be one of the most pro-active councils. Shortly after taking office, they went on a campaign with a white paper document that would implement zoning and building code laws for the district. After a four-month campaign, the white paper was defeated in a referendum. Although the council\'s idea was rejected by the district, Hope Town voters favoured the idea.
In May 2006, Chief Councillor Hall relocated to Nassau. The council then elected Jeremy Sweeting as Chief Councillor and Roy Cash as Deputy Chief Councillor. Jeremy Sweeting became the youngest Chief Councillor in the country\'s history. Harold Malone was elected by default to take Wayne Hall\'s seat as a council member.
Upon assuming the position of Chief Councillor, Jeremy Sweeting led the communities of the district, particularly Man-O-War Cay, through major`{{According to whom|date=September 2013}}`{=mediawiki} reforms. He oversaw the introduction of the No Burning policy, which prohibited the burning of anything at the town\'s dumpsite. Additionally, the site overwent a major overhaul and received a facelift, improving the area. He led the communities in a Wall of Heroes programme, recognizing community builders in each community of the district. Chief Councillor Jeremy Sweeting unveiled a monument at the Old Cemetery in Man-O-War, recognizing the deceased residents buried in a cemetery that was damaged and seemed somewhat forgotten. The Chief Councillor then saw to the construction of a picnic area at the Low Place area in Man-O-War.
In May 2007, the national government changed hands, and thus in August of that year, the government called for elections for all appointed councillors.
In Hope Town, Councillor Robert Malone opted not to run, and Lana Russell ran and was unopposed. In Man-O-War Cay, Councillor Joe Albury opted not to run, but Councillor Christopher Albury ran, and was challenged by Roy Russell and Fred Sweeting. The latter two won election.
The remaining ten months of the term went relatively smoothly
| 401 |
Hope Town District Council
| 2 |
7,860,517 |
The **Near North District School Board** (**NNDSB**; known as **English-language Public District School Board No. 4** prior to 1999) administers public education in an area of Ontario that is includes all of Parry Sound District, plus a northerly portion of Muskoka District and the western portion of Nipissing District. It includes the communities of North Bay, Parry Sound, Mattawa and the Almaguin Highlands.
## History
The NNDSB was previously known as the Parry Sound and Area School Board.
In 2006, three former students filed lawsuits against the NNDSB for the sexual abuse they suffered at the hands of Kenneth Bull, a former teacher of the school board. Bull taught at Humphrey Public School, where the assaults occurred. Bull was convicted of five counts of indecent assault against young males in 1978. The school board was named in the lawsuit for its failure to protect the students.
## Schools
There are 34 schools governed by NNDSB, consisting of 27 elementary schools and 7 high schools:
### Elementary schools {#elementary_schools}
- Alliance Public School -- North Bay
- Argyle Public School -- Port Loring
- Britt Public School -- Britt
- Evergreen Heights Education Centre -- Emsdale (Perry)
- Ferris Glen Public School -- Corbeil (East Ferris)
- Humphrey Public School -- Seguin
- Land of Lakes Public School -- Burk\'s Falls
- M. T. Davidson Public School -- Callander
- MacTier Public School -- MacTier
- Magnetawan Central Public School -- Magnetawan
- Mapleridge Public School -- Powassan
- Mattawa District Public School -- Mattawa
- McDougall Public School -- McDougall (Parry Sound)
- Nobel Public School -- Nobel
- Parry Sound Public School -- Parry Sound
- Phelps Central Public School -- Redbridge
- Silver Birches Public School -- North Bay
- South River Public School -- South River
- South Shore Education Centre -- Nipissing
- Sundridge Centennial Public School -- Sundridge
- Sunset Park Public School -- North Bay
- Vincent Massey Public School -- North Bay
- White Woods Public School -- Sturgeon Falls (West Nipissing)
- Whitestone Lake Central School -- Dunchurch
- Woodland Public School -- North Bay
### Secondary Schools/Alternative Learning Centres {#secondary_schoolsalternative_learning_centres}
- Almaguin Highlands Secondary School -- South River (Strong)
- Chippewa Secondary School -- North Bay
- F. J. McElligott Secondary School -- Mattawa
- Laurentian Learning Centre (formerly the Nipissing Alternative School) -- North Bay
- Northern Secondary School -- Sturgeon Falls
- Parry Sound High School -- Parry Sound
- West Ferris Secondary School -- North Bay
Construction on a new school that was to replace Parry Sound High School, Parry Sound Intermediate, and McDougall and Nobel Elementary Schools is under way. The planned opening day is in September 2025
| 451 |
Near North District School Board
| 0 |
7,860,533 |
**Serge Moléon Blaise** (born 1951) is a Haitian painter. Born in Cap-Haïtien, Blaise paints scenes from Haitian history, especially battle scenes. His younger brothers, Fabolon and Saint-Louis, are also noted painters of the region
| 34 |
Serge Moléon Blaise
| 0 |
7,860,582 |
**Stires** is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Ernest M
| 13 |
Stires
| 0 |
7,860,584 |
An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between \"safe\" (not endangered) and \"extinct\":
- Vulnerable
- Definitely endangered
- Severely endangered
- Critically endangered
South America is a continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest.
## Argentina
Language Comments Speakers Source
----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Eastern Bolivian Guaraní language 51,000 Red Book
Eklenhui language 800
Iyo\'wujwa Chorote language 1,900
Mapuche language 260,000 Red Book
Mbyá Guaraní language 15,050 Red Book
Mocoví language 3,000 Red Book
Nivaclé language 14,000 Red Book
Pilagá language 4,000 Red Book
Santiagueño Quechua language 60,000 Red Book
Toba Qom language 31,580 Red Book
Weenhayek language 1,900
Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz language 31,500
Wiznay language 26,500
## Bolivia
Language Comments Speakers Source
----------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------
Araona language 110 Red Book
Ayoreo language 4,700 Red Book
Baure language 20
Bororo language 1,400 Red Book
Cavineña language 600 Red Book
Chácobo-Pakawara language 1,150 Red Book
Chimané language 5,300 Red Book
Chipaya language 1,800 Red Book
Chiquitano language 2,400 Red Book
Eastern Bolivian Guaraní language 51,000 Red Book
Ese Ejja language 700 Red Book
Guarayu language 8,400 Red Book
Ignaciano language unknown Red Book
Itonama language 1
Iyo\'wujwa Chorote language 1,900
Kallawaya language Ritual language of the Kallawaya people none Red Book
Leco language 20 (2001 Simon van de Kerke)
Machinere language 1,080 Red Book
Movima language 1,400 Red Book
Nivaclé language 14,000 Red Book
Pakawara language 50
Pauna language 10 Red Book
Reyesano language 12-15
Sirionó language 300 Red Book
Tacana language 1,200 Red Book
Toba Qom language 31,580 Red Book
Toromona language 200 Red Book
Trinitario language unknown Red Book
Yaminawa language 2,729 Red Book
Yuqui language 120 Red Book
Yuracaré language 2,700 Red Book
| 361 |
List of endangered languages in South America
| 0 |
7,860,584 |
## Brazil
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Language | Comments | Speakers | Source |
+=========================+==========+=============================================+========+
| Anambe language | | 7 (1991 SIL)\ | |
| | | 77 (1993 SIL) | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Apiaca language | | 2 (1986 Rodrigues) | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Arikapu language | | 6 (1998 SIL) | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Arua language | | 12 (1990) | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Arutani language | | 17 in Brazil (1986 SIL)\ | |
| | | Population total all countries: 19 | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Cafundo Creole language | | 40 (1978 M Gnerre, U Estadual de Campinas). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Guato language | | 40 (1993 SIL)\ | |
| | | 382 (1993 SIL). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Himarima language | | 40\. | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Jabuti language | | 5 (1990). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Juma language | | 4 (1998)\ | |
| | | There were 300 in 1940. | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Karahawyana dialect | | 40 (1995 SIL). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Karipuna language | | 12 to 15 (2000 SIL). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Katawixi language | | 10 (1986 SIL). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Katukina language | | 1 (1976 SIL) 360. | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Kreye language | | 30 (1995 SIL). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Mapidian language | | 50 in Brazil (1986 Howard). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Monde language | | 30 (1995 AMTB). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Ofaye language | | 15 (2002)\ | |
| | | 37 (1995 AMTB). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Oro Win language | | 5 (1996 SIL)\ | |
| | | 55 (1998). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Piraha language | | 150 speakers in 2004.\ | |
| | | Ethnic population: 200. | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Purubora language | | 2 (2002 SIL). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Sikiana language | | 33 in Brazil (1986 SIL)\ | |
| | | Population total all countries: 48. | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Tariano language | | 100 in Brazil (1996 A Aikhenvald)\ | |
| | | 1,500 in Brazil (1985 Rodrigues). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Torá language | | 40 (1990)\ | |
| | | 120 (1990 YWAM). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| Xipaya language | | 2 (2000 SIL). | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
| | | | |
+-------------------------+----------+---------------------------------------------+--------+
## Chile
+--------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------------------+----------+
| Language | Comments | Speakers | Source |
+====================+=========================+========================================+==========+
| Aymara language | | 1.7 million | Red Book |
+--------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------------------+----------+
| Huilliche language | | few | Red Book |
+--------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------------------+----------+
| Kawésqar language | Also known as Alacalufe | 20 (1996 Oscar Aguilera)\ | Red Book |
| | | Population includes 10 in Puerto Eden. | |
+--------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------------------+----------+
| Mapuche language | | 260,000 | Red Book |
+--------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------------------+----------+
## Colombia
## Ecuador
Language Comments Speakers Source
--------------------- ---------- -------------- ----------
Shiwiar language 7,970 Red Book
Awa Pit language 13,000 Red Book
Cha\'palaa language 5,870 Red Book
Cofán language 1,000 Red Book
Eperara language 3,600 Red Book
Waorani language 2,000 Red Book
Secoya language 1,200 Red Book
Shuar language 35,000 Red Book
Siona language 500 Red Book
Tsafiki language 2,300 Red Book
Zaparo language 1 (2000 SIL)
## French Guiana {#french_guiana}
Language Comments Speakers Source
-------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Arawak language 2,500 Red Book
Carib language 8,600 Red Book
Emerillon language 400 Red Book
Palikúr language 1,500 Red Book
Wayana language 1,700 Red Book
Wayampi language 1,200 Red Book
| 580 |
List of endangered languages in South America
| 1 |
7,860,584 |
## Guyana
Language Comments Speakers Source
-------------------- ---------- ------------------ ----------
Akawaio language Red Book
Arekuna language Red Book
Karina language Red Book
Lokono language Red Book
Makushi language Red Book
Mawayana language 50 (1986 Howard)
Patamona language Red Book
Wapishana language Red Book
Warao language Red Book
## Paraguay
Language Comments Speakers Source
-------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Ache language Red Book
Angaite language Red Book
Ava-Guarani language Red Book
Ayoreo language Red Book
Enlhet language Red Book
Guana language Red Book
Guarani-Nandeva language Red Book
Guarayo language Red Book
Ishir language Red Book
Maka language Red Book
Manjui language Red Book
Mbya language Red Book
Nivacle language Red Book
Pai-Tavytera language Red Book
Sanapana language Red Book
Toba-Maskoy language Red Book
Toba-Qom language Red Book
## Peru
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Language | Comments | Speakers | Source |
+==============================+==========+============================================+==========+
| Achuar-Shiwiar language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Aguaruna language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Amahuaca language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Andoa-Shimigae language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Arabela language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Bora language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Campa Ashaninca language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Campa Asheninca language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Campa Caquinte language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Campa Nomatsiguenga language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Candoshi-Shapra language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Capanahua language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Cashibo-Cacataibo language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Cashinahua language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Chamicuro language | | 2 (2000 Adelaar)\ | |
| | | 10 to 20 (2000 Adelaar). | |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Chayahuita language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Cocama-Cocamilla language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Culina language | Madija | 1300 | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Ese Eja language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Harakmbut language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Huambisa language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Huitoto language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Inapari language | | 4 (1999 SIL) | |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Iquito language | | 35 (2002 SIL)\ | |
| | | 1 monolingual 500. | |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Isconahua language | | 82 (2000 WCD) | |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Jaqaru language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Jebero language | | 2,000 to 3,000 (2000 W Adelaar). | |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Machiguenga language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Mashco Piro language | | 20 to 100 (1976 SIL)\ | |
| | | All are completely monolingual. | |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Matses-Mayoruna language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Ocaina language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Omagua language | | 10 to 100 in Peru (1976 SIL)\ | |
| | | Population total all countries: 10 to 100\ | |
| | | 627 (1976). | |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Orejon language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Piro language | | 20 to 100 in 1976 | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Resigaro language | | 14 (1976 SIL). | |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Secoya language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Sharanahua language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Shipibo-Conibo language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Taushiro language | | 1 (2002 SIL). | |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Ticuna language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Urarina language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Wariapano language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Yagua language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Yaminahua language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Yanesha language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| Yora language | | | Red Book |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
| | | | |
+------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------+----------+
## Suriname
Language Comments Speakers Source
------------------- ---------- ------------------------------- ----------
Akurio language 10 (2000 E.B. Carlin)
Carib language Red Book
Lokono language Red Book
Mawayana language Red Book
Sikiana language 15 in Suriname (2001 Carlin).
Trio language Red Book
Tunayana language Red Book
Wayana language Red Book
| 728 |
List of endangered languages in South America
| 2 |
7,860,584 |
## Venezuela
Language Comments Speakers Source
--------------------- ---------- ---------------------------- ----------
Akawaio language Red Book
Anun language Red Book
Arutani language 2 in Venezuela (2002 SIL).
Baniva language Red Book
Bari language Red Book
Cuiba language Red Book
Guahibo language Red Book
Guajiro language Red Book
Hoti language Red Book
Karina language Red Book
Kurripako language Red Book
Lokono language Red Book
Mako language extinct Red Book
Makushi language Red Book
Mandahuaca language Red Book
Mapoyo language 3 (2000 Muller).
Nengatu language Red Book
Panare language Red Book
Patamona language Red Book
Pemono language 1 (2000 M-C Mattei Muller)
Pepojivi language Red Book
Piapoko language Red Book
Piaroa language Red Book
Puinave language Red Book
Sape language 5 (2007)
Saliva language Red Book
Sanema language Red Book
Tunebo language Red Book
Uruak language Red Book
Warao language Red Book
Warekena language Red Book
Yabarana language 20 (1977 Migliazza)
| 147 |
List of endangered languages in South America
| 3 |
7,860,587 |
**Tujetsch** (`{{IPA|rm|ˈtujətʃ|-|roh-sursilvan-Tujetsch.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}; *Tavetsch*) is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It is the westernmost municipality of the canton, connected to Urseren (canton of Uri) by the Oberalp Pass.
## History
The upper Surselva was first settled in the 9th century, following the foundation of Disentis Abbey, as part of the *Cadi* (feudal possessions of the abbey). In the 12th century, the Walser migrated across Oberalp Pass. Sedrun parish church was first consecrated in 1205. Both Romansh and Walser communities lived exclusively in dispersed settlements well into the early modern period. The Walser were mostly Romanized, but some Alemannic toponymy remains on the left bank of the Rhine. In the 18th century, villages formed in the vicinity of parish churches, and most of the 66 scattered settlements recorded in the 16th century were abandoned. Sedrun became the main settlement and municipal capital. The economic focus shifted from alpine agriculture to the production of soapstone stoves and pottery. Population fell to below 900 people in the second half of the 19th century due to emigration. The development of the tourism industry in the first half of the 20th century resulted in moderate population growth, to 1,122 as of 1950. Ski tourism and hydroelectricity were developed in the 1950s to 1960s.
Tujetsch was never the name of a village. As the name of the valley, *Thiuesch* is first recorded in 1237. The local variety of the Romansh language is markedly different from standard Sursilvan and is sometimes listed as a separate dialect, *Tuatschin*. The Tavetsch breed of sheep closely resembled Neolithic era livestock. The breed was extinct in 1954, and a breeding back project was initiated in 1984. The official name of the municipality was *Tavetsch* until 1976.
## Geography
Tujetsch has an area, `{{as of|2006|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, of 133.9 km2. Of this area, 25.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 10.8% is forested. 1.4% is settled (buildings or roads) while the remainder (62%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).
Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Disentis sub-district of the Surselva district, after 2017 it was part of the Surselva Region. It is located at the entrance to the Oberalp Pass and at the source of the Vorderrhein river. It consists of the village of Sedrun, the sections of Tschamut, Selva, Rueras/Dieni, Camischolas/Zarcuns, Gonda and Bugnei on the left bank of the Vorderrhein, and on the right bank are the settlements of Surrein and Cavorgia. Until 1920 there was no direct route between the village halves on each bank of the Vorderrhein. Until 1976 Tujetsch was known as Tavetsch.
| 433 |
Tujetsch
| 0 |
7,860,587 |
## Demographics
Tujetsch has a population (as of `{{Swiss populations date|CH-GR}}`{=mediawiki}) of `{{Swiss populations|CH-GR|3986}}`{=mediawiki}.`{{Swiss populations ref|CH-GR}}`{=mediawiki} `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, 29.1% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 25.1%. Most of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) speaks Romansh (66.2%), with German being second most common (19.7%) and Italian being third (2.6%).
, the gender distribution of the population was 60.2% male and 39.8% female. The age distribution, `{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, in Tujetsch is; 141 children or 9.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 181 teenagers or 11.9% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 189 people or 12.4% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 251 people or 16.5% are between 30 and 39, 243 people or 15.9% are between 40 and 49, and 209 people or 13.7% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 149 people or 9.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 108 people or 7.1% are between 70 and 79, there are 45 people or 3.0% who are between 80 and 89 there are 8 people or 0.5% who are between 90 and 99, and 1 person who is 100 or more.
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 55.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (27%), the SP (11.6%) and the FDP (4.6%).
In Tujetsch about 59.9% of the population (between age 25--64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*).
Tujetsch has an unemployment rate of 1.57%. `{{as of|2005}}`{=mediawiki}, there were 56 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 26 businesses involved in this sector. 177 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 19 businesses in this sector. 389 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 66 businesses in this sector.
From the `{{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}`{=mediawiki}, 1,222 or 80.1% are Roman Catholic, while 142 or 9.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there are 23 individuals (or about 1.51% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 6 individuals (or about 0.39% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There are 63 (or about 4.13% of the population) who are Muslims. There are 5 individuals (or about 0.33% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 31 (or about 2.03% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 33 individuals (or about 2.16% of the population) did not answer the question.
The historical population is given in the following table:
year population
------ ------------------------------------
1850 979
1900 810
1950 1,122
1960 1,855`{{ref|power|a}}`{=mediawiki}
2000 1,525
: Population increase during construction of a power plant.
| 485 |
Tujetsch
| 1 |
7,860,587 |
## Climate
The climate borders between humid continental (Köppen Dfb) and oceanic or temperate highland (Köppen Cfb), with cool summers, slightly cold winters and year round precipitation. `{{Weather box
|location = Disentis/Sedrun (1981–2010)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 2.3
| Feb high C = 3.1
| Mar high C = 6.8
| Apr high C = 10.4
| May high C = 15.3
| Jun high C = 18.9
| Jul high C = 21.4
| Aug high C = 20.5
| Sep high C = 16.7
| Oct high C = 12.9
| Nov high C = 6.2
| Dec high C = 2.9
| year high C = 11.5
| Jan mean C = -1.4
| Feb mean C = -1.1
| Mar mean C = 2.0
| Apr mean C = 5.4
| May mean C = 10.0
| Jun mean C = 13.2
| Jul mean C = 15.5
| Aug mean C = 14.9
| Sep mean C = 11.6
| Oct mean C = 8.0
| Nov mean C = 2.4
| Dec mean C = -0.5
| year mean C = 6.7
| Jan low C = -4.6
| Feb low C = -4.6
| Mar low C = -1.8
| Apr low C = 1.3
| May low C = 5.6
| Jun low C = 8.3
| Jul low C = 10.6
| Aug low C = 10.5
| Sep low C = 7.5
| Oct low C = 4.4
| Nov low C = -0.6
| Dec low C = -3.5
| year low C = 2.8
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 68
| Feb precipitation mm = 58
| Mar precipitation mm = 68
| Apr precipitation mm = 84
| May precipitation mm = 115
| Jun precipitation mm = 106
| Jul precipitation mm = 112
| Aug precipitation mm = 121
| Sep precipitation mm = 114
| Oct precipitation mm = 88
| Nov precipitation mm = 99
| Dec precipitation mm = 66
| year precipitation mm = 1101
| Jan snow cm = 81.1
| Feb snow cm = 71.3
| Mar snow cm = 54.6
| Apr snow cm = 37.9
| May snow cm = 9
| Jun snow cm = 0.8
| Jul snow cm = 0
| Aug snow cm = 0
| Sep snow cm = 1
| Oct snow cm = 11.6
| Nov snow cm = 51
| Dec snow cm = 63.4
| year snow cm = 381.7
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 8.4
| Feb precipitation days = 7.8
| Mar precipitation days = 9.3
| Apr precipitation days = 8.9
| May precipitation days = 11.8
| Jun precipitation days = 11.9
| Jul precipitation days = 11.4
| Aug precipitation days = 12.5
| Sep precipitation days = 9.5
| Oct precipitation days = 8.8
| Nov precipitation days = 9.4
| Dec precipitation days = 9.0
| year precipitation days = 118.7
|unit snow days = 1.0 cm
| Jan snow days = 10.2
| Feb snow days = 9.6
| Mar snow days = 8.2
| Apr snow days = 5.4
| May snow days = 1.1
| Jun snow days = 0.2
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0.1
| Oct snow days = 1.3
| Nov snow days = 6.9
| Dec snow days = 9.1
| year snow days = 52.1
| Jan humidity = 68
| Feb humidity = 67
| Mar humidity = 67
| Apr humidity = 66
| May humidity = 67
| Jun humidity = 69
| Jul humidity = 69
| Aug humidity = 72
| Sep humidity = 73
| Oct humidity = 71
| Nov humidity = 73
| Dec humidity = 71
| year humidity = 69
| Jan sun = 87
| Feb sun = 98
| Mar sun = 131
| Apr sun = 130
| May sun = 143
| Jun sun = 167
| Jul sun = 195
| Aug sun = 181
| Sep sun = 154
| Oct sun = 120
| Nov sun = 79
| Dec sun = 73
| year sun = 1557
|source 1 = MeteoSwiss <ref name=MeteoSwiss>{{cite web
|url = http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/en/climate/swiss_climate/tabellen.html
|title = Climate Norm Value Tables
|work = Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations
|publisher = Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss)
|access-date = 23 January 2013
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130514205349/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/en/climate/swiss_climate/tabellen.html
|archive-date = 14 May 2013
|df = dmy-all
}} The weather station elevation is 1197 meters above sea level
| 798 |
Tujetsch
| 2 |
7,860,613 |
**Hacène Zermani** (born 1958 in Algiers, Algeria), known by the stage name **Takfarinas**, is an Algerian Kabyle Yal musician. Takfarinas took his surname from the ancient warrior of North Africa Tacfarinas who fought against the presence of the Romans in Algeria. Since 1979 Takfarinas has lived in France. However, his songs promote and celebrate the Kabyle culture into which he was born. Takfarinas is perhaps best known for his voice which covers a wide range and the \'takfa\' which is based on a traditional lute like instrument which he has modified by adding a second neck. Each neck provides a distinct sound, one neck is feminine and the other masculine. Nowadays the takfa has been replaced by an electric half-drum mandole. Like the takfa this has two fingerboards. The advantage of this new instrument is that it is able to create the large concert sound which he now needs.
## Musical career {#musical_career}
Takfarinas -- or Tak as his fans often call him -- comes from a long line of musicians and showed his future innovative skills with musical instruments when aged only six years old he made a guitar using an oil cylinder and brake cable. As a youngster, Takfarinas was interested in the music of artists like Chaâbi, M\'Hamed El Anka, Cheikh El Hasnaoui and Slimane Azem.
In 1976, he recorded his first music on cassettes in Algiers, but his position as a singer and musician was strengthened when he recorded his first album in France in 1979. In 1981, he formed the group Agraw with Boujema Semaouni that lasted for many years. He released *Wa i telha* and *Arrach* both in 1986, selling a million copies. In 1989, he released *Irgazen* and *Mi d ih*, a double CD, and this brought him international recognition. In 1994, he released another album *Yebb'a rremman* which did well in the European charts.
But it is with his 1999 album *Yal* and the song *Zaâma Zaâma* from the album that he achieved his greatest recognition. It remains a world music favorite in clubs and in touristic resorts where the dance tune is popular with accompanying synchronized dance moves.
Takfarinas changed musical direction with his album *Paix et salut* which was in homage to the Algerian artists who were victims of the repression. Then in 2004, he released his album *Honneur aux dames*.
## Discography
### Albums
- 1979: *Yewwa rremman*
- 1980: *Admenten*
- 1983: *Serreh i weqcic*
- 1986: *Way telha* / *Arrac* (double album)
- 1989: *Irgazen* / *Ini-d ih* (double album)
- 1993: *Romane*
- 1996: *Tebbeg Riri* / *Awi Nniya* (double album)
- 1999: *Yal*
- 2000: *Quartier Tixeraïne*
- 2004: *Honneur aux dames* / *Tajmilt i tlawin* (double album)
- 2011: *Lwaldin* / *Inchallah* (double album)
- 2021: *Ul-iw ttayri* / *Yemma lezzayer-iw* (double album)
## Awards
In 1999 Takfarinas won a KORA All African Music Award in the category *Best North African Artist*
| 488 |
Takfarinas
| 0 |
7,860,614 |
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unexpected ';'
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| 17 |
Flagler Credit Union Stadium
| 0 |
7,860,623 |
***Used Heart for Sale*** is the debut studio album by American country music singer Gary Allan. It was released on September 24, 1996, via Decca Records Nashville. The album has been certified gold by the RIAA. It produced four singles on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Songs chart with \"Her Man\", \"Living in a House Full of Love\", \"From Where I\'m Sitting\", and \"Forever and a Day\". \"Her Man\" reached the Top 10 on the country charts at #7, while none of the other three singles reached Top 40.
Several of the songs on this album are covers, including two its singles. \"Her Man\" was previously recorded by Waylon Jennings on his 1990 album *The Eagle*, and \"Living in a House Full of Love\" was previously a number 3 hit for David Houston back in 1965. In addition, \"Wine Me Up\" is a cover of Faron Young\'s hit single.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Charts
+-------------------------------------+----------+
| Chart (1996) | Peak\ |
| | position |
+=====================================+==========+
| U.S. *Billboard* Top Country Albums | 20 |
+-------------------------------------+----------+
| U.S. *Billboard* 200 | 136 |
+-------------------------------------+----------+
| U.S. *Billboard* Top Heatseekers | 4 |
+-------------------------------------+----------+
## Certifications
## Personnel
- Gary Allan -- lead vocals
- Dan Dugmore -- acoustic guitar, steel guitar
- Owen Hale -- drums
- Jake Kelly -- acoustic guitar
- Jim Lauderdale -- background vocals
- B
| 231 |
Used Heart for Sale
| 0 |
7,860,650 |
**Samuel Caldwell Sample** (August 15, 1796 -- December 2, 1855) was an American lawyer and politician who served a single term as a United States Representative from Indiana from 1843 to 1845.
## Early life {#early_life}
Sample Caldwell Sample was born in Elkton, Maryland, to John Sample. His father was a captain serving under Thomas Veazey in the War of 1812. Sample attended a rural school. He learned to become a carpenter and assisted his father in his contracting business. Around 1823 he moved with his father to Connersville, Indiana. He studied law there and was admitted to the bar in 1833.
## Career
After being admitted to the bar, he began practicing law in South Bend, Indiana. In 1834 he was elected prosecuting attorney and subsequently elected judge of the ninth judicial circuit in 1836. He served as judge until he resigned in 1843. He also served as the first president of the First National Bank of South Bend.
### Political career {#political_career}
He was elected to the 28th United States Congress as a Whig where he served from 1843 to 1845, the first representative from Indiana\'s 9th congressional district. He was defeated for reelection in 1844 by Charles W. Cathcart.
### Later career {#later_career}
After his defeat from Congress, he returned to South Bend, where he resumed practicing law until his death.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Sample married Ann Howard of Elkton.
Sample died on December 2, 1855, at his home in South Bend. He was buried at City Cemetery in South Bend
| 255 |
Samuel C. Sample
| 0 |
7,860,656 |
The **Stalexport skyscrapers** are twin skyscrapers (Tower A and Tower B) located in Katowice, Silesia, Poland. The buildings share a three-story base. They were designed by Yugoslavian architect Georg Gruićić in the late 1970s and finished in 1981 and 1982, respectively.
When built, they were the tallest buildings in Poland, outside the capital, Warsaw. They were designed to accommodate 1800 people. The towers were originally constructed to house the headquarters of the Centre for Foreign Trade, and its successor Węglokoks is still headquartered there today.
The total floor area is 27,183 m².
The buildings are primarily used for office space, and are home to a number of international corporations and financial institution and contain over 700 offices. They are also known for their unique, modern design, which features sharp angles and a facade of steel, glass, and granite.
At the time of constitution these buildings were the tallest buildings in Poland outside of Warsaw
| 154 |
Stalexport Skyscrapers
| 0 |
7,860,662 |
**Valendas** is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. The municipalities of Valendas, Versam, Safien and Tenna merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Safiental.
## History
Valendas is first mentioned in 765 as *in Valendano*.
## Geography
Valendas had an area, `{{as of|2006|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, of 22.8 km2. Of this area, 21.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 48.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (27.9%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).
The former municipality is located in the Ilanz sub-district of the Surselva district. It is located above the right side of the Vorderrhein canyon. It consists of the *haufendorf* village (an irregular, unplanned and quite closely packed village, built around a central square) of Valendas and the hamlets of Carrera, Brün, Dutjen and Turisch.
## Demographics
Valendas had a population (as of 2011) of 298. `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, 6.8% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -2.3%. Most of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) speaks German (96.9%), with Romansh being second most common ( 1.7%) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 1.0%).
, the gender distribution of the population was 51.3% male and 48.7% female. The age distribution, `{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, in Valendas is; 40 children or 13.6% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 38 teenagers or 12.9% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 23 people or 7.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 41 people or 13.9% are between 30 and 39, 43 people or 14.6% are between 40 and 49, and 40 people or 13.6% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 32 people or 10.9% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 18 people or 6.1% are between 70 and 79, there are 16 people or 5.4% who are between 80 and 89 there are 3 people or 1.0% who are between 90 and 99.
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 68.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (13.3%), the SP (11%) and the CVP (5%).
In Valendas about 68.1% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*).
Valendas has an unemployment rate of 0.11%. `{{as of|2005}}`{=mediawiki}, there were 66 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 25 businesses involved in this sector. 21 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 4 businesses in this sector. 29 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 10 businesses in this sector.
The historical population is given in the following table:
year population
------ ------------
1803 463
1850 555
1900 499
1950 441
2000 294
## Heritage sites of national significance {#heritage_sites_of_national_significance}
The *Türelihus* and the *Haus Joos* and attached barn are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance.
The Türelihus (Türeli House) is located in the center of Valendas and is one of the most historically valuable houses in the village. The interior contains many of the original furnishings from the Renaissance and Baroque eras. The original building was constructed in 1485. In 1554 it was expanded, this expansion was known as the Renaissance phase, with a spiral staircase within a tower and a stable was added to the north side. In 1775 it was renovated in the baroque style. The four-story building was abandoned for many years and had begun to decay. In 1994, the first attempt to renovate this building ended with only the addition of a temporary roof.
The oldest part of the *Haus Joos* may date to about 1300. The attached barn has a date of 1572 carved into it. However, the building is currently in poor condition and has not been used for a number of years.
## Transport
Valendas-Sagogn station, on the line of the Rhaetian Railway that links Chur and Disentis, lies some 120 m below and 1.2 km distant from the village of Valendas
| 700 |
Valendas
| 0 |
7,860,668 |
**Gérald Bloncourt** (4 November 1926 -- 29 October 2018), also known as **Gérard Bloncourt**, was a Haitian painter and photographer resident in the suburbs of Paris, France. Born in the small city of Bainet, in Haiti\'s Sud-Est department, Bloncourt was a founding member of the Centre d\'Art. He was involved with *La Ruche*, a Haitian youth journal of revolutionary art and politics, and was one of the instigators of the revolt which toppled Haitian president Élie Lescot in 1946. He subsequently went into exile in France, where he became \"the most important photographer of the French workers' movement\" according to Michael Löwy. Besides painting watercolors and frescoes, he also did etchings and drawings. He died on 29 October 2018 at the age of 91
| 124 |
Gérald Bloncourt
| 0 |
7,860,696 |
**Versam** is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. The municipalities of Valendas, Versam, Safien and Tenna merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Safiental.
## History
Versam is first mentioned in 1050 as *a valle Versamia*.
## Geography
Versam had an area, `{{as of|2006|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, of 16.8 km2. Of this area, 16.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 70.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (10.6%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).
The former municipality is located in the Ilanz sub-district of the Surselva district. It is located above the Vorderrhein canyon at the entrance to the Safien Valley. It consists of the linear village of Versam and the hamlets of Versam-Station, Arezen, Calörtsch and Sculms.
-- --
-- --
## Demographics
, Versam had a population of 226. The historical population is as follows:
year population
------ ------------
2000 255
1950 354
1900 316
1850 396
1803 357
, 4.0% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.
:
- most of the population speaks Swiss German (98.0%), with Romansh being second most common ( 1.6%) and Spanish being third ( 0.4%).
- the gender distribution was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.
- the age distribution was as follows:
Age group Population \% of total
---------------------- ------------ -------------
Children (0-9yrs) 35 13.7%
Teenagers (10-19yrs) 33 12.9%
Adults (20-29yrs) 12 4.7%
Adults (30-39yrs) 41 16.1%
Adults (40-49yrs) 36 14.1%
Adults (50-59yrs) 25 9.8%
Seniors (60-69yrs) 29 11.4%
Seniors (70-79yrs) 25 9.8%
Seniors (80-89yrs) 15 5.9%
Seniors (90-99yrs) 4 1.6%
### Education
In Versam about 78.9% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*). The nearest fachhochschules to Versam are in Chur, such as the Chur University of Applied Sciences and Fachhochschule Graubünden.
### Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 42.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (30.7%), the FDP (16.7%) and the CVP (9.1%).
## Economy
, Versam has an unemployment rate of 0.52%. Employment and businesses were organized as follows:
Sector People Employed Businesses Involved
--------------------------- ----------------- ---------------------
Primary (raw materials) 41 17
Secondary (manufacturing) 7 3
Tertiary (service) 52 9
## Transportation
Versam-Safien station, on the line of the Rhaetian Railway that links Chur and Disentis, is located and some 250 m lower than the village of Versam, and about 3.6 km to the north. To solve this, a PostAuto bus service provides a direct connection between the railway station and the village, as well as to Thalkirch and Tenna.
Versam was connected to Tenna in 1994 with the completion of the Aclatobel Tunnel.
-- -- --
-- -- --
## Gallery
<File:View> from Islabord bus stop in Versam.jpg\|Ruinaulta canyon as seen from Islabord bus stop <File:Versam> Church.jpg\|Versam\'s church as seen from a PostAuto trip <File:Chalets> in Versam.jpg\|Chalets in Versam <File:Safien> Valley from Versam.jpg\|Safien Valley from Versam <File:View> of Chur from Versam (2011)
| 517 |
Versam
| 0 |
7,860,716 |
**Vignogn** is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia.
## History
Vignogn is first mentioned in 1325 as *Vinanne*. In 1469 it was mentioned as *Viends*.
## Geography
Vignogn had an area, `{{as of|2006|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, of 7.9 km2. Of this area, 57.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 31.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (8.6%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).
The former municipality is located in the Lugnez sub-district of the Surselva district. It consists of the linear village of Vignogn at an elevation of 1241 m at the foot of the Piz Sezner. Until 1983 Vignogn was known as Vigens.
## Demographics
Vignogn had a population (as of 2011) of 170. `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, 0.6% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -14%. Most of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) speaks Romansh (88.8%), with German being second most common (10.1%) and French being third ( 0.6%).
, the gender distribution of the population was 53.0% male and 47.0% female. The age distribution, `{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, in Vignogn is; 11 children or 6.1% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 21 teenagers or 11.7% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 26 people or 14.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 13 people or 7.3% are between 30 and 39, 22 people or 12.3% are between 40 and 49, and 37 people or 20.7% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 27 people or 15.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 8 people or 4.5% are between 70 and 79, there are 11 people or 6.1% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 3 people or 1.7% who are between 90 and 99.
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 71.4% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (13.4%), the FDP (8.7%) and the SP (6.5%).
In Vignogn about 55.1% of the population (between age 25--64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*).
Vignogn has an unemployment rate of 1.06%. `{{as of|2005}}`{=mediawiki}, there were 36 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 15 businesses involved in this sector. 8 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 3 businesses in this sector. 18 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 8 businesses in this sector
| 465 |
Vignogn
| 0 |
7,860,719 |
**Alexander Sachs** (August 1, 1893 -- June 23, 1973) was an American economist and banker. In October 1939 he delivered the Einstein--Szilard letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, suggesting that nuclear-fission research ought to be pursued with a view to possibly constructing nuclear weapons, should they prove feasible, in view of the likelihood that Nazi Germany would do so. This led to the initiation of the United States\' Manhattan Project.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Born in Rossien, Russian Empire (now Raseiniai, Lithuania) to Samuel and Sarah Sachs, Alexander moved to the U.S. in 1904 to join his brother, Joseph A. Sachs. He was educated at Townsend Harris High School, City College of New York, and Columbia College, Columbia University, all in New York City.
In 1913, he joined the municipal bond department at Boston-based investment bank Lee, Higginson & Co. but in 1915 returned to education as a graduate student in social sciences, philosophy, and jurisprudence at Harvard College. In later life, he was on the faculty at Princeton University.
Between 1918 and 1921 he was an aide to Justice Louis Brandeis and the Zionist Organization of America on international problems of the Middle East and the World War I peace conference.
From 1922 to 1929 he was economist and investment analyst for Walter Eugene Meyer in equity investment acquisitions. He then organized and became director of Economics Investment Research at the Lehman Corporation, a newly established investment company of Lehman Brothers. In 1931 he joined the board at Lehman. He was vice president from 1936 to 1943, remaining on the board until his death at the age of 79.
In 1933, Sachs served as organizer and chief of the economic research division of the National Recovery Administration. In 1936 he served on the National Policy Committee. During the war, he was economic adviser to the Petroleum Industry War Council and special counsel to the director of the Office of Strategic Services.
In 1971, Sachs received the American Academy of Achievement\'s Golden Plate Award at a dinner ceremony in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
## Family
He was married to German-born artist, inventor, and entrepreneur, Charlotte Cramer Sachs (1907--2004).
| 357 |
Alexander Sachs
| 0 |
7,860,719 |
## Atomic bomb {#atomic_bomb}
Sachs was a friend and confidant of U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt, part of an inner circle of influential but unofficial advisors from whom the president liked to seek counsel. In this capacity, he served a critical role in catalyzing Roosevelt\'s support for what would eventually become the Manhattan Project.
In July 1939, atomic physicists Leo Szilard and Eugene Wigner approached Albert Einstein to seek his help in communicating with the government of Belgium. At the time, the goal was not yet to press for an American atomic bomb project, but to prevent the Nazi government in Germany from developing their own. Szilard and Wigner wanted to urge the Belgian authorities to hide, or transfer, their supply of uranium, which was the most substantial in Europe due to Belgium\'s control of uranium mines in their colony in the Congo. They sought Einstein\'s help because of his prestige, and his connections with the Belgian royal family.
After Einstein agreed to put his signature on such a letter to the Belgians, Szilard approached Sachs, whom he knew personally, to help win approval for the letter from the U.S. State Department. (These events, which would prove so fateful for the world at large, have been examined minutely by historians - some accounts credit Sachs with the idea of approaching Einstein in the first place.)
Sachs decided that the most effective strategy would be to take the letter to Roosevelt himself, and to do it personally. Working with Sachs, Szilard re-drafted the appeal to include a request for the government to help obtain funding and support for American atomic research. Einstein signed an elaborated draft of the letter, which was then passed to Sachs.
Sachs\'s own accounts of his meetings with Roosevelt are recounted in *Brighter Than A Thousand Suns*, Robert Jungk\'s seminal history of the development of atomic science.
By this account, Sachs met with Roosevelt twice - first on October 11, 1939, six weeks after the war had begun in Europe. Sachs presented the Einstein-Szilard letter and accompanying materials, including a memorandum of his own. He read the materials aloud to Roosevelt, but the president was not persuaded that the U.S. government should get involved. Sachs managed to get an invitation to breakfast the next morning, and spent a sleepless night trying to conceive how he might persuade the president to support the plan.
When he returned to the White House the next day, October 12, Sachs said, he told the president the following story:
According to Sachs, after considering the implication of this tale, FDR called for an aide to bring a bottle of brandy from Napoleon\'s time, which he poured into two glasses for himself and Sachs.
Then the president remarked, \"Alex, what you are after is to see that the Nazis don\'t blow us up?\" Sachs replied, \"Precisely.\" Roosevelt turned to his attache, General Ewin \"Pa\" Watson, and declared, \"Pa, this requires action!\"
In December 1944, Sachs later reported, he met again with president Roosevelt on the subject of the atomic bomb, this time for the purpose of establishing a moral and appropriate plan for the bomb\'s first use. According to Sachs, this plan included a demonstration of an atomic detonation for representatives of allied and neutral countries, followed by another demonstration explosion, this time on enemy soil, after a warning to fully evacuate the target area. Whether or not FDR actually agreed to this plan, there is no evidence that he formally introduced it into the preparations for the use of the atomic weapons. Early in 1945, the panel of scientists and civilian leaders known as the \"Interim Committee\" ruled out demonstrations in favor of an atomic attack
| 613 |
Alexander Sachs
| 1 |
7,860,722 |
**Ludovic Booz** (16 June 1940 -- 2 February 2015) was a Haitian painter and sculptor. Born in Aquin, Booz sculpted bronze busts of several Haitian presidents. His work has been exhibited in France, Israel, and Suriname.
<File:Ludovic> booz grand mother.jpg\|Grand Mother <File:Buste> en bronze de Toussaint Louverture, Bordeaux.jpg\|Bronze bust of Toussaint Louverture, Bordeaux
| 53 |
Ludovic Booz
| 0 |
7,860,728 |
**Beaver Technology Center** is a public elementary school in Garland, Texas.
## History
Beaver Technology Center, formerly Beaver Elementary, is named after Mrs. Edith Beaver. Mrs. Beaver and her husband, James Beaver, farmed the land where the school stands. Luke Abbett, the first principal of this school opened the doors to Edith Beaver Elementary in 1960 for 279 students and 12 teachers. The teachers did everything: library, music, art, core subjects, and lunch and recess duty for the 30 plus students in their classes. Within five years, Beaver\'s population swelled to 650 students, eventually maxing out with over 800 students.
## Magnet Program {#magnet_program}
Beaver Technology Center is an elementary magnet school in the Garland Independent School District located in Garland, Texas. Beaver Elementary opened in 1960. In 1997 it reopened as a magnet school for students who have a special interest in math, science and technology, also known as MSTs. Beaver Technology Center is one of two MSTs in Garland, serving students in west Garland, north Garland and Sachse. Watson Technology Center, Beaver\'s sister school, serves east and south Garland, as well as the community of Rowlett.
In 2009, the school was rated \"exemplary\" by the Texas Education Agency.
## Statistics (per 2010) {#statistics_per_2010}
The attendance rate for students at the school is 95%, compared with a state average of 96%. 44% of the students at Beaver are economically disadvantaged, 9% enroll in special education, 4% enroll in gifted and talent programs.
The ethnic makeup of the school is 31.8% Hispanic, 25.7% African American, 29.3% White, non-Hispanic, 20.0% Asian/Pacific Islander, and less than 1% Native American.
The average class sizes at Beaver are 21 students per class (with the exception of kindergarten).
Teachers at the school carry, on average, 10 years of teaching experience and 7% of the teachers on staff are first-year teachers.
## Feeder Patterns {#feeder_patterns}
Garland ISD is a Free Choice school district, which allows the parent to choose which school his or her children want to attend within the district
| 335 |
Beaver Technology Center
| 0 |
7,860,731 |
**EuroBancshares, Inc.** (commonly known as **Eurobank**) was a financial holding company founded on December 4, 1979 under the name of *Española de Finanzas Trust Company* in San Juan, Puerto Rico. On April 30, 2010, the bank failed and its deposits and assets were seized by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Its deposits and assets were subsequently sold to Oriental Bank and Trust.
EuroBank used to offer financial and insurance services in Puerto Rico through its wholly owned subsidiaries Eurobank Puerto Rico and EuroSeguros, respectively. Since its founding, it grew into a billion dollar financial institution, eventually operating through a network of 21 branches in 2005. Its headquarters were located at 270 Muñoz Rivera Avenue, near the Golden Mile District or \"Milla de Oro\" of Hato Rey, San Juan.
## History
Over the years, the name of the institution changed on various occasions. In 1988, after 9 years of operating under the name *Española de Finanzas Trust Company*, its name was changed to *First Community Trust Company*. In 1990, following the change in business strategy to lending activities focused on lines of credit to businesses and business loans to individuals of high net worth, the company changed its name to *Eurobank & Trust Company*. The company changed its name to *EuroBancshares* shortly thereafter. In view of the rapidly expanding residential home mortgage market in Puerto Rico, Eurobank established a Mortgage Division in late quarter 1999. However, after the 2008 financial crisis, the company suffered adversely, and on April 30, 2010, its deposits and assets were seized by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
## Subsidiaries
- Eurobank Puerto Rico
- Euromortgage
- Euroleasing
- EuroSeguros
## Competitors (in Puerto Rico) {#competitors_in_puerto_rico}
- Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
- Banco Popular de Puerto Rico
- Banco Santander
- Citibank
- Doral Bank
- FirstBank
- Oriental Financial Group, Inc
| 307 |
EuroBancshares
| 0 |
7,860,739 |
**Frederick Baldwin Adams** (5 February 1878`{{spaced ndash}}`{=mediawiki}23 October 1961) was an American businessman and philanthropist.
## Early life {#early_life}
Adams was born in Toledo, Ohio, the son of a bank cashier. His father had moved to Ohio from New England. Frederick was sent east to attend St. Paul\'s School in Concord, New Hampshire, at the age of fourteen. From St. Paul\'s, he went to Yale, where he received an AB in 1900. He was a member of the Skull and Bones society.
## Career
His first job after Yale was as a claim agent for the Mohawk Division of the New York Central Railroad. In 1902, he became secretary to Robert C. Pruyn, and the following year became secretary of the Union Trust Company of Albany. It was only a few years later when Robert Pruyn would hire Charles Edward Adams as his secretary, Frederick\'s brother, a graduate of St. Paul\'s and a member of Skull and Bones. Adams moved to New York City in 1905 to become a partner in the firm of Potter, Choate and Prentice.
During his lifetime he served as Chairman of the West Indies Sugar Corp. He was also connected with the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad; the Louisville & Nashville Railroad; the Clinchfield Railroad; and the Chicago, Indianapolis & Louisville Railroad. Adams also branched out into other areas, becoming involved with the Union Trust Company of Albany; the Wright Aeronautical Company; the Air Reduction Company; Potter, Choate & Prentice; and Schroder, Rockefeller & Co.
Adams was Chairman of the Board of the Air Reduction Company. It was engaged in the manufacture and sale of oxygen, acetylene, and other gasses and oxy-acetylene cutting and welding equipment. It was the leading company of its field and had links to Lee, Higginson & Co., the Chase Manhattan Bank, and the Guaranty Trust Co. In 1930, the company made over \$5 million in profits.
Adams was an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society. He was involved with the Boys Club of New York, the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, the Fifth Avenue Hospital, and served on the planning committee of the Roosevelt National Memorial. He was a member of the Knickerbocker Club of New York.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In 1907, he was married to Ellen Walters Delano. Ellen, a first cousin of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, was the daughter of Warren Delano IV, and the granddaughter of William Thompson Walters, a merchant and art collector. They had two children:
- Frederick Baldwin Adams, Jr., who graduated from Yale
- Laura Delano Adams (1927--2005), who married John Eastman, Jr.
With the small fortune he made from his business interests, Adams maintained a house in New York City, a summer home on Campobello Island, and a plantation on the Cape Fear River.
Adams died in 1961 at River House, New York City, from a long illness
| 485 |
Frederick Baldwin Adams
| 0 |
7,860,744 |
***It Would Be You*** is the second studio album by American country music singer Gary Allan. It was released on May 19, 1998, as his last studio album for the Decca Records Nashville label. After that album\'s release, Decca Records Nashville closed, and Allan subsequently transferred to Decca's parent label MCA Records Nashville. The album produced three singles with the title track, \"No Man in His Wrong Heart\", and \"I\'ll Take Today\". The title track was Allan\'s second Top 10 hit on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Songs chart at number 7.
## Content
\"No Judgement Day\", the final track on this album, is a hidden track. Written by Allen Shamblin, this song is based on the true story of a restaurant owner in Texas who was murdered by a former employee and two accomplices in search of money. It plays a minute after the last listed song, \"Forgotten But Not Gone\", finishes.
Just like Allan\'s previous album, several songs on this album were originally recorded by other artists. \"Don\'t Leave Her Lonely Too Long\" was written by Marty Stuart, whose original recording (from his 1990 album *Hillbilly Rock*) was a number 42 hit on the country charts in 1989. \"She Loves Me (She Don\'t Love You)\" was originally recorded by Conway Twitty, and later by George Strait on his 1990 album *Livin\' It Up*. In addition, the single \"I\'ll Take Today\" was originally recorded by Tanya Tucker on her 1994 album *Fire to Fire*, and by Ty England on his 1996 album *Two Ways to Fall*. \"Forgotten but Not Gone\" was originally a single for Keith Palmer in 1991 on his self-titled debut album. \"It Took Us All Night Long to Say Goodbye\" was originally recorded by Johnny Rodriguez on his 1975 album *Love Put a Song in My Heart*, and later by Texas country singer Danny Wood as a non-album single in 1980 that peaked #37 on the US Hot Country Songs chart. \"I\'ve Got a Quarter in My Pocket\" was later recorded by fellow artist Mark Chesnutt as the opening track to his 2016 album *Tradition Lives*.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Personnel
- Gary Allan -- lead vocals
- Chad Cromwell -- drums
- Dan Dugmore -- steel guitar
- Glen Duncan -- fiddle
- Paul Franklin -- steel guitar
- Jake Holder -- electric guitar solo
- John Barlow Jarvis -- Hammond organ, piano
- Jake Kelly -- acoustic guitar
- B. James Lowry -- 9-string acoustic guitar, acoustic guitar
- Steve Nathan -- Hammond organ, piano, synthesizer, Wurlitzer
- Michael Rhodes -- bass guitar
- Tom Roady -- percussion
- Brent Rowan -- electric guitar, tic tac bass
- Rivers Rutherford -- acoustic guitar
- John Wesley Ryles -- background vocals
- Hank Singer -- fiddle
- Harry Stinson -- background vocals
- Dennis Wilson -- background vocals
- Curtis Young -- background vocals
## Charts
+-------------------------------------+----------+
| Chart (1998) | Peak\ |
| | position |
+=====================================+==========+
| U.S. *Billboard* Top Country Albums | 21 |
+-------------------------------------+----------+
| U.S. *Billboard* 200 | 132 |
+-------------------------------------+----------+
| U.S
| 514 |
It Would Be You
| 0 |
7,860,755 |
A **banquet hall**, **function hall**, or **reception hall**, is a special purpose room, or a building, used for hosting large social and business events. Typically a banquet hall is capable of serving dozens to hundreds of people a meal in a timely fashion. People and organizations rent them to hold parties, banquets, wedding receptions, or other social events. Businesses rent them to hold sales meetings, employee training events, employee awards events, and corporate celebrations and parties.
Banquet halls are often found within pubs, nightclubs, hotels, or restaurants.
The first recorded mention of \"function rooms\" is in 1922.
They are distinct from other halls, in that they have no religious or government affiliation. Most are run by commercial enterprises, though some banquet halls are run by fraternal organizations and are part of their building, available for rent by the public, for example Masonic Halls.
## Gallery
<File:Royal_Palace_Banquet_Hall.jpg%7CHotel> banquet hall with wedding reception Image:The_Mira_Hong_Kong_3rd-floor-Function-Rooms_Enterance.jpg\|Nightclub banquet hall. Image:Function_Rooms_Melbourne.jpg\|Banquet hall in Melbourne Image:Chinese banquet in a banquet hall.JPG\|Chinese banquet hall with birthday party Image:Function Room Brisbane.jpg\|Banquet hall in Brisbane, Australia Image:Function Halls Across India.jpg\|Banquet hall in India Image:Meeting_cum_banquet_hall_in_Darbhanga,\_Bihar
| 184 |
Banquet hall
| 0 |
7,860,758 |
**Vrin** (`{{IPA|de|vʁin|-|roh-sursilvan-Vrin.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a village and a former municipality in the Lumnezia. It belonged to the circle of Lugnez/Lumnezia in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia.
In 1998, the village was awarded the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage.
## History
Vrin is first mentioned in 1208 as *Varin*.
## Geography
`{{As of|2006|}}`{=mediawiki}, Vrin had an area of 71.2 km2. Of this area, 39.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 7.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (52.9%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers, or mountains).
The former municipality is located in the Lugnez sub-district of the Surselva district in the Upper Lugnez valley at the entrance to the Diesrut pass (source of the Glenner river) and near the Greina pass. It consists of the settlements of Vrin-dado (1451 m), Vrin-dadens (main village), Cons, Ligiazun, and Sogn Giusep. Additionally, a number of abandoned settlements are part of the municipality, including; Pignola (1685 m), Puzzatsch, Foppa, Camplun, Vilegn, Schareida, Blengias, and Vanescha.
## Demographics
, Vrin had a population of 255. `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, 1.2% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years,`{{When|date=October 2020}}`{=mediawiki} the population has decreased at a rate of -13.2%. Most of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) speaks Romansh (95.6%), with German being second most common (4.0%) and Polish being third (0.4%).
, the gender distribution of the population was 52.6% male and 47.4% female. The age distribution, `{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, in Vrin is; 38 children or 15.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 25 teenagers or 10.0% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 21 people or 8.4% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 37 people or 14.9% are between 30 and 39, 26 people or 10.4% are between 40 and 49, and 24 people or 9.6% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 38 people or 15.3% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 28 people or 11.2% are between 70 and 79, there are 10 people or 4.0% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 2 people or 0.8% who are between 90 and 99.
In the 2007 federal election, the most popular party was the CVP which received 45.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (29.7%), the FDP (18.2%) and the SP (7%).
In general, the Swiss population is well educated. In Vrin, about 39.5% of the population (between age 25--64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*).
Vrin has an unemployment rate of 0.61%. `{{as of|2005}}`{=mediawiki}, there were 67 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 27 businesses involved in this sector. 19 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 5 businesses in this sector. 30 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 9 businesses in this sector.
The historical population is given in the following table:
year population
------ ------------
1850 466
1900 366
1950 441
1960 393
1970 333
1980 266
1990 251
2000 249
## Wakker Prize {#wakker_prize}
Vrin was awarded the Wakker Prize for their integration of modern agricultural buildings into a traditional, historic village. The prize recognizes a project that the village has been involved in for a number of years.
Throughout the 20th Century, the village population has steadily decreased. In the 1980s and 90\'s, Vrin entered a partnership between the village, the Cantonal historic preservation department and ETH Zürich to strengthen the village\'s infrastructure and lead to population growth.
In the 1980s the residents of the village purchased all the free construction land to prevent land speculation and resultant price increases. Local architect Gion A. Caminada was hired to oversee construction.
Meadows were cleared, a butcher was brought in, a cooperative was founded and a slaughterhouse, barns and multi-purpose hall were all added. Most of the structures were built from wood in a log cabin style.
| 703 |
Vrin
| 0 |
7,860,758 |
## Heritage sites of national significance {#heritage_sites_of_national_significance}
The Church of S. Maria is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
The *Church of the Immaculate Conception (St. Maria) and John the Baptist* was consecrated in 1345. Until 1597 it was a chapel under the authority of the parish church of St. Vincenz in Pleif (part of the municipality of Vella).
## Weather
Vrin has an average of 121.1 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 1143 mm of precipitation. The wettest month is August during which time Vrin receives an average of 139 mm of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 12.7 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is July, with an average of 12.9, but with only 131 mm of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 59 mm of precipitation over 12.7 days
| 159 |
Vrin
| 1 |
7,860,780 |
**Maurice Borno** (1917--1955) was a Haitian painter. Born in Port-au-Prince, Borno attended school in Haiti, New York City, and Paris. He was a founding member of the Centre d\'Art and is considered a pioneer of Haitian art
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Maurice Borno
| 0 |
7,860,797 |
**Larry Stroman** is an American comic book artist and writer. After first gaining attention illustrating the Epic Comics series *Alien Legion* (vol. 2), he went on to illustrate various Marvel Comics books such as *The Uncanny X-Men*, *X-Factor*, *Ghost Rider* (vol. 2) and *Punisher*, as well as work for other companies, such as DC Comics\' *Darkstars* and Dark Horse Comics\' *The Mark*. He briefly published a creator-owned series called *The Tribe* with Image Comics in the early 1990s.
## Career
Stroman was interested in comic books from a very young age; until he could afford to buy them himself he would read comics handed down to him from his brother or loaned from friends. He began his career with the goal of being a comic book artist, but \"became sidetracked by a lot of other stuff\" and worked first as a draftsman, before moving to New York City and working as a portrait artist for a few years.
While working on comics, Stroman prefers the Marvel method of creation. To avoid pacing problems at the end of a comic (due to running low on space), he would draw the last few pages of each story immediately after drawing the first page, drawing the middle pages last.
Stroman\'s earliest work in the American comic book industry was in 1985, when he illustrated back-up stories in First Comics\' *American Flagg!* #21--23 and *World\'s Finest Comics* #316--317 for DC Comics. He then illustrated *Alien Legion* (vol. 2) #10--20 for Marvel Comics. His association with *Alien Legion* would continue in with his handling of the art duties on the first 18 issues of that series\' next volume, which premiered in 1987, the 1990 three-issue miniseries *Alien Legion: On the Edge*, and the 1991 miniseries *Alien Legion: Tenants of Hell*. During this time he also drew other Marvel books, such *Alpha Flight Annual*, *Cloak and Dagger*, *What The\--?!* and *Ghost Rider*, as well as books for other publishers, such as *The Mark* #3 for Dark Horse Comics, and *The Law of Dredd* #24 for Fleetway-Quality. These jobs sometimes consisted of sharing art contributions with other artists on certain issues, such as drawing a small number of pages of *Uncanny X-Men* #273 and providing spot illustration for the reference series *Who\'s Who in the DC Universe* #9, both of which were published in 1991.
That same year, following the \"Muir Island Saga\" storyline that altered the status quo of the X-Men family of books, the series *X-Factor* embarked in a new direction, with a new cast and storyline, on which Stroman joined writer Peter David. Initially he was brought on as a fill-in artist, but was soon offered *X-Factor* as a regular assignment and given approval to redesign the characters\' costumes and overall appearance as he saw fit. Stroman was the regular artist on the series from issue 71 to issue 81. Following the end of his run on that title, he drew a number of other books, such as *Wolverine*, *Punisher* and *Darkstars*.
In 1993, Stroman and writer Todd Johnson co-created the Image Comics series *Tribe*, which is the largest-selling African-American-created comic of all time, with sales to comic shops for issue #1 exceeded the one million mark. After the title was canceled in the \"Image shakeup\" of 1994, Stroman and Johnson founded Axis Comics to continue publication of *Tribe*, but the company closed after publishing only nine issues. In a press release, Stroman cited a change in his working relationship with Johnson, and \"increased production costs, creator apathy, and unforeseen market factors.\"
Stroman\'s subsequent work in the 1990s included illustrating *WildC.A.T.s: Covert Action Teams Annual* #1 for Jim Lee\'s Wildstorm Productions/Image, and a number of Marvel titles including *X-Men: The Early Years*, *Excalibur* and *Heroes Reborn: Iron Man*.
Stroman\'s 2000s work includes various installments of the recurring *The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe* reference series, including *The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe: Teams 2005* and two issues of the 2007 book *The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe: A to Z: Update*, as well as *What-If X-Men: Rise and Fall of the Shi\'Ar Empire*, and *Black Panther Annual* #1 with Reginald Hudlin and Ken Lashley. In 2008 Stroman was reunited with his *X-Factor* collaborator Peter David, illustrating issues #33--36 and 38 of volume 3 of that series. Stroman subsequently illustrated the three-issue miniseries *X-Men: The Times and Life of Lucas Bishop* miniseries, and *Thunderbolts* #144 `{{Fact|date=November 2024}}`{=mediawiki}, both in 2009
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| 0 |
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Scotland {{!}} Wales \|label2= Popular culture \|data2 =
1961 British Grand Prix\
1961 English cricket season\
Football: England {{!}} Scotland\
1961 in British television\
1961 in British music\
1961 in British radio\
UK in the Eurovision Song Contest 1961
}} Events from the year **1961 in the United Kingdom**.
## Incumbents
- Monarch -- Elizabeth II
- Prime Minister -- Harold Macmillan (Conservative)
## Events
### January--March
- 1 January
- The farthing coin, used since the thirteenth century, ceases to be legal tender in the United Kingdom.
- The Conservative Monday Club is established.
- Betting and Gaming Act 1960 comes into force, permitting operation of commercial bingo halls.
- 7 January
- Members of the Soviet Portland spy ring are arrested in London (and charged 2 days later).
- *The Avengers* television series first screened on ITV.
- 5 February -- *The Sunday Telegraph* newspaper first published.
- 9 February -- The Beatles at The Cavern Club: Lunchtime -- The Beatles perform under this name at The Cavern Club for the first time following their return to Liverpool from Hamburg, George Harrison\'s first appearance at the venue. On 21 March they begin regular performances here; in June/July Stu Sutcliffe leaves the group; and on 9 November their future manager Brian Epstein sees them for the first time at The Cavern.
- 19 February -- Police break up a demonstration outside the Belgian embassy in London protesting about the murder of the ex-Congolese Prime Minister, Patrice Lumumba.
- 8 March -- Edwin Bush is arrested in London for the capital stabbing of Mrs. Elsie May Batten (for which he will be convicted and hanged). He is the first British criminal identified by the Identikit facial composite system.
- 9 March -- \"Water towers\" speech: The Minister of Health, Enoch Powell, in a speech to a Conservative Party conference, proposes closing down of large, traditional psychiatric hospitals in favour of more community-based care.
- 13 March
- The five members of the Portland spy ring go on trial at the Old Bailey accused of passing nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union.
- Black and white £5 notes cease to be legal tender.
- 15 March -- The Jaguar E-Type, a sports car capable of reaching speeds of 150 mph, is launched as a two-seater roadster or 2+2 coupé (at the Geneva Motor Show). On 3 April it makes its racing debut by winning at Oulton Park.
- 20 March -- Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, becomes the Royal Shakespeare Theatre and its company the Royal Shakespeare Company (Peter Hall (director)).
### April--June
- 1 April -- The schoolboy character Winker Watson is introduced in *The Dandy* comic.
- 17 April -- Tottenham Hotspur win the Football League First Division for the second time, with a 2--1 win over Sheffield Wednesday, an achievement they do not repeat.
- 27 April -- Sierra Leone gains independence from the UK.
- 1 May
- Betting shops become legal under terms of the Betting and Gaming Act 1960.
- A fire at the Top Storey Club in Bolton results in nineteen deaths. A new Licensing Act is rapidly passed to improve fire safety.
- 2 May -- The United Kingdom becomes a member of the OECD.
- 6 May -- Tottenham Hotspur becomes the first English football team this century, and only the third in history, to win the double of the league title and FA Cup, with a 2--0 victory over Leicester City in the FA Cup Final. (The last previous team to achieve this were Aston Villa in 1897.)
- 8 May -- George Blake is sentenced to 42 years imprisonment for spying, having been found guilty of being a double agent in the pay of the Soviet Union, the longest non-life sentence ever handed down by a British court.
- 17 May -- Consecration of Guildford Cathedral.
- 28 May -- Peter Benenson\'s article \"The Forgotten Prisoners\" is published in several internationally read newspapers. This will later be thought of as the founding of the human rights organisation Amnesty International.
- 8 June -- Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, marries Katharine Worsley at York Minster.
- 14 June -- The Government unveils new \"panda\" crossings with push button controls for pedestrians, due to concerns about the increasing volume of traffic. The new crossings first appear on British streets in April 1962.
- 19 June -- The British protectorate ends in Kuwait and it becomes an emirate.
- 27 June
- Michael Ramsey enthroned as the hundredth Archbishop of Canterbury, in succession to Geoffrey Fisher.
- Kuwait requests help from the UK and British troops are sent.
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| 0 |
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## Events
### July--September
- 4 July -- Barclays open their \"No. 1 Computer Centre\" in Drummond Street, London, with an EMI mainframe computer, Britain\'s first bank with an in-house computing centre.
- 8 July -- At an all-British women\'s final to The Championships, Wimbledon in tennis, Angela Mortimer beats Christine Truman.
- 21 July -- The Runcorn Widnes Bridge (later known as the Silver Jubilee Bridge) over the River Mersey opened by Princess Alexandra.
- 25 July
- The Government calls for a voluntary \"pay pause\" in wage increases (continuing to April 1962).
- The Lancashire-set film *Whistle Down the Wind*, starring Hayley Mills and Alan Bates, opens.
- 3 August -- Suicide Act 1961 decriminalises acts of, or attempts at suicide in England and Wales.
- 10 August -- The UK applies for membership of the EEC.
- 16 August -- The play *Lady Chatterley* by John Harte -- based on D. H. Lawrence\'s novel -- opens at the Arts Theatre in London and is well-reviewed by West End theatre critic Harold Hobson.
- 19--20 August -- Race riots in Middlesbrough.
- 21 August -- Goya\'s *Portrait of the Duke of Wellington* is stolen from the National Gallery in London, three weeks after first going on display there, intended as ransom in Kempton Bunton\'s campaign for free television licences for pensioners. It is returned 4 years later.
- 23 August -- Police launch a manhunt for the perpetrator of the A6 murder, who shot dead 36-year-old Michael Gregsten and paralysed Valerie Storie.
- 25 August -- Murder of Jacqueline Thomas: Police in Birmingham launch a murder inquiry after the strangled body of a missing teenager is found on an allotment in the Alum Rock area of the city. The probable murderer is not identified until 2007 but cannot be tried.
- 31 August -- Premiere of the film *Victim*, notable as the first in English to use the word \"homosexual\".
- 4 September -- James Pitman\'s Initial Teaching Alphabet is tested in a number of schools.
- 14 September
- Film *A Taste of Honey*, including themes of interracial relationship, unmarried pregnancy and homosexuality, is released.
- First Mothercare shop opens, as Mother-and-Child Centre in Kingston upon Thames.
- 16 September -- Three people die and 35 are injured when a stand collapses during a Glasgow Rangers football match at Ibrox Park.
- 17 September -- Police arrest over 1,300 protesters in Trafalgar Square during a CND rally.
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## Events
### October--December
- October -- Acker Bilk\'s clarinet instrumental \"Stranger on the Shore\" is released.
- 1 October -- Religious programme *Songs of Praise* first broadcast on BBC Television; it will still be running sixty years later.
- 9 October -- Skelmersdale, a small Lancashire town fifteen miles north-east of Liverpool, is designated as a new town and its population will expand over the coming years, bolstered by large council housing developments to rehouse families from inner city slums on Merseyside.
- 10 October -- A volcanic eruption on the South Atlantic British overseas territory of Tristan da Cunha causes the island\'s entire population to be evacuated to Surrey, where they will remain until 1963.
- 25 October -- The first edition of *Private Eye*, the satirical magazine, is published in London.
- 8 November -- In a referendum on Sunday opening of public houses in Wales, the counties of Anglesey, Cardiganshire, Caernarfonshire, Carmarthenshire, Denbighshire, Merionethshire, Montgomeryshire and Pembrokeshire all vote to stay \"dry\", that is, opposed to the Sunday sale of alcohol.
- 9 November -- At the Lyceum Theatre, London, Miss United Kingdom, Welsh-born Rosemarie Frankland, becomes the first British winner of the Miss World beauty pageant.
- 27 November -- The RAF participates in air drops of food to flood victims in Somalia.
- 4 December -- Birth control pills become available to married women on the NHS after their availability is backed by Health Minister Enoch Powell.
- 9 December -- Tanganyika gains independence from the United Kingdom.
### Undated
- Park Hill Flats, Sheffield, opened.
- Release of short documentary film *Seawards the Great Ships*, which will be the first Scottish film to win an Academy Award.
## Publications
- Agatha Christie\'s novel *The Pale Horse*.
- Ian Fleming\'s James Bond novel *Thunderball*.
- Richard Hughes\' novel *The Fox in the Attic*.
- John le Carré\'s first novel *Call for the Dead*, introducing the character George Smiley.
- Iris Murdoch\'s novel *A Severed Head*.
- Muriel Spark\'s short novel *The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie*.
- Derek Tangye\'s first novel *Gull on the Roof*, first of The Minack Chronicles.
- Evelyn Waugh\'s novel *Unconditional Surrender*, last of the Sword of Honour trilogy.
- Raymond Williams\'s cultural history *The Long Revolution*.
- Parker Morris Committee\'s report *Homes for Today and Tomorrow*.
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| 2 |
7,860,801 |
## Births
### January--April
- 1 January
- Fiona Phillips, journalist and television presenter
- Mark Wingett, British actor
- 2 January -- Neil Dudgeon, English actor
- 6 January -- Peter Whittle, British politician, author, journalist and broadcaster
- 8 January -- Keith Arkell, English chess player
- 11 January -- Jasper Fforde, fantasy novelist
- 12 January
- Sean Blowers, actor
- Simon Russell Beale, actor, born in Malaysia
- 13 January
- Wayne Marshall, musician
- Suggs, British ska singer (Madness)
- 16 January -- Peter Tanfield, concert violinist
- 18 January -- Peter Beardsley, English footballer and football coach
- 19 January -- Wayne Hemingway, English designer
- 20 January -- Janey Godley, Scottish comedian and writer (died 2024)
- 27 January -- Gillian Gilbert, new wave keyboard player
- 31 January -- Lloyd Cole, English rock singer-songwriter
- 14 February -- Alison Saunders, Director of Public Prosecutions (England and Wales)
- 16 February -- Andy Taylor, English rock guitarist and musician (Duran Duran)
- 17 February
- Angela Eagle, politician, Shadow Leader of the House of Commons
- Maria Eagle, politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Transport
- 19 February -- Justin Fashanu, black British footballer (suicide 1998)
- 20 February -- Imogen Stubbs, British actress
- 24 February -- John Grogan, British Labour politician
- 1 March -- Michael Sundin, trampolinist and television presenter (died 1989)
- 3 March -- Fatima Whitbread, British javelin thrower and Olympic medallist
- 12 March -- Betty Sworowski, English racewalker
- 14 March -- Marc Koska, English businessman and inventor
- 22 March -- Giles Worsley, English architectural historian (died 2006)
- 26 March -- William Hague, British statesman
- 27 March -- Ellery Hanley, English rugby league footballer and coach
- 29 March -- Michael Winterbottom, British filmmaker
- 1 April
- Susan Boyle, Scottish singer
- Edward Dutkiewicz, British visual artist (died 2007)
- 3 April -- Edward Highmore, English actor
- 6 April -- Rory Bremner, impressionist, comedian and playwright
- 10 April -- Nicky Campbell, broadcaster
- 11 April -- Nigel Pulsford, rock guitarist and musician (Bush)
- 14 April -- Robert Carlyle, Scottish actor
- 16 April -- Linda Ruth Williams, film studies academic
- 17 April -- Bella Freud, British fashion designer and columnist
- 18 April -- Jane Leeves, English-born actress
- 19 April -- Richard Phelps, English pentathlete
- 20 April -- Nicholas Lyndhurst, English actor
- 28 April -- Grenville Davey, English sculptor
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1961 in the United Kingdom
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7,860,801 |
## Births
### May--August
- 2 May
- Steve James, English snooker player
- Phil Vickery, celebrity chef
- 4 May
- Jay Aston, English pop singer
- Chris Packham, naturalist and television presenter
- 7 May -- Sue Black, forensic anthropologist
- 8 May -- Janet McTeer, actress
- 12 May -- Billy Duffy, English hard rock guitarist (The Cult)
- 14 May
- Ian Blackford, Scottish politician
- Tim Roth, English actor
- 15 May -- Katrin Cartlidge, actress (died 2002)
- 20 May -- Clive Allen, footballer
- 28 May -- Roland Gift, rock singer (Fine Young Cannibals)
- 30 May -- Harry Enfield, English comedian
- 3 June -- Ed Wynne, psychedelic rock guitarist (Ozric Tentacles)
- 5 June -- Rosie Kane, member of Scottish Parliament
- 6 June -- George Mountbatten, 4th Marquess of Milford Haven, English polo player and businessman
- 10 June -- Maxi Priest, born Max Elliott, reggae singer
- 12 June -- Angie Hobbs, philosopher
- 13 June -- Bob Crow, trade union leader (died 2014)
- 14 June -- Boy George (O\'Dowd), English new wave singer-songwriter
- 15 June
- Dominic Heale, journalist and newsreader
- Dave McAuley, Northern Irish boxer
- 17 June -- Muslimgauze, ethnic electronica and experimental musician (died 1999)
- 18 June -- Alison Moyet, English new wave singer-songwriter
- 22 June
- Stephen Batchelor, English field hockey player and coach
- Bobby Gillespie, Scottish singer-songwriter
- 24 June
- Iain Glen, Scottish actor
- Curt Smith, pop-rock singer-songwriter-keyboardist
- 25 June -- Ricky Gervais, English comedian
- 26 June -- Margaret McDonagh, Baroness McDonagh, politician (died 2023)
- 27 June
- Meera Syal, comic actress and writer
- Tim Whitnall, English playwright, screenwriter and actor
- 1 July
- Diana, Princess of Wales, (died 1997)
- Ivan Kaye, English actor
- Jefferson King, bodybuilder and wrestler
- 3 July -- Suzanne Dando, English Olympic gymnast
- 5 July -- Gareth Jones, Welsh television presenter
- 8 July -- Andy Fletcher, English musician (died 2022)
- 10 July
- Carol Anne Davis, Scottish crime writer
- Ian Mercer, English actor
- 12 July -- Mark McGann, English actor, director, writer and musician
- 17 July -- Jeremy Hardy, English comedian and broadcaster (died 2019)
- 24 July -- Vicki Pepperdine, English comedy actress and writer
- 26 July -- David Heyman, English film producer (Heyday Films)
- 31 July -- Frank Gardner, English journalist
- 3 August -- Nick Harvey, English politician
- 5 August -- Janet McTeer, English actress
- 7 August
- Brian Conley, English comedian, television presenter, singer and actor
- Walter Swinburn, English flat racing jockey and trainer (died 2016)
- 8 August
- The Edge (David Howell Evans), rock guitarist
- Simon Weston, Welsh war hero
- 12 August -- Lawrence (Hayward), alternative rock musician
- 16 August
- Saskia Reeves, actress
- Angela Smith, academic and politician
- 18 August -- Huw Edwards, Welsh television journalist and news presenter
- 20 August -- Joe Pasquale, English comedian
- 22 August
- Iain Coucher, English businessman
- Roland Orzabal, English singer-songwriter (Tears for Fears)
- 23 August -- Gary Mabbutt, footballer
- 24 August -- Jared Harris, English actor
- 29 August -- Dale Vince, green energy industrialist
| 547 |
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7,860,801 |
## Births
### September--December
- 7 September -- Kevin Kennedy, actor
- 13 September -- Tom Holt, author
- 20 September -- Caroline Flint, English Labour politician
- 22 September -- Liam Fox, Conservative politician, Defence Secretary
- 24 September -- Jack Dee, comedian
- 25 September -- Steve Scott, journalist and presenter
- 26 September -- Will Self, English novelist, reviewer and columnist
- 29 September -- Julia Gillard, Welsh-born Prime Minister of Australia
- 30 September -- Mel Stride, English Conservative politician
- 9 October -- Julian Bailey, Formula 1 driver
- 10 October -- Martin Kemp, actor and musician
- 11 October -- Neil Buchanan, English television presenter
- 13 October -- Rachel De Thame, English gardener and television presenter
- 14 October -- Jim Burns, British science-fiction illustrator
- 16 October -- Paul Vaessen, English footballer (died 2001)
- 19 October -- Jayne-Anne Gadhia, businesswoman
- 20 October -- Ian Rush, Welsh footballer and football manager
- 25 October -- Pat Sharp, English radio DJ
- November -- Sarah Holland, romantic novelist, actress and singer
- 3 November -- David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, chairman of Christie\'s U.K. auction house
- 4 November -- Nigel Worthington, Northern Irish footballer and football manager
- 9 November
- Jill Dando, television newsreader (murdered 1999)
- Jackie Kay, Scottish poet and novelist
- 16 November -- Frank Bruno, British boxer
- 18 November -- Steven Moffat, Scottish screenwriter
- 20 November -- Dave Watson, English footballer
- 22 November -- Stephen Hough, classical pianist
- 25 November -- Simon Fisher-Becker, actor (died 2025)
- 26 November
- Karan Bilimoria, Baron Bilimoria, British Asian entrepreneur and university chancellor
- Helen Browning, farmer
- 28 November -- Martin Clunes, actor
- 4 December -- Gerard Woodward, British novelist and poet
- 5 December -- Laura Flanders, British-born American journalist
- 11 December -- Marco Pierre White, chef and restaurateur
- 12 December
- Philip Parkin, Welsh golfer
- Sarah Sutton, British actress
- 19 December -- Matthew Waterhouse, British actor
- 20 December -- Keith Brown, Scottish politician
- 23 December -- Carol Smillie, Scottish television presenter
- 24 December -- Simon Woolley, Baron Woolley of Woodford, political activist and life peer
- 28 December -- Helen Newlove, Baroness Newlove, community activist and life peer
- 29 December -- Jim Reid, Scottish alternative rock singer-songwriter
- 31 December
- Sharon Gibson, English javelin thrower
- Jeremy Heywood, Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Home Civil Service (died 2018)
### Unknown dates {#unknown_dates}
- Sexton Ming, British artist, poet and musician
- Winsome Pinnock, black British playwright
## Deaths
- 26 January -- Stan Nichols, English cricketer (born 1900)
- 30 January -- John Duncan Fergusson, Scottish Colourist painter (born 1874)
- 4 February -- Sir Philip Game, British Army officer, colonial governor and police officer (born 1876)
- 6 February -- Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland, English politician (born 1876)
- 6 March -- George Formby, Lancashire comic singer and performer (born 1904)
- 8 March -- Sir Thomas Beecham, English orchestral conductor (born 1879)
- 12 March
- Victor d\'Arcy, English sprinter (born 1887)
- Belinda Lee, English screen actress, killed in automobile accident in the United States (born 1935)
- 18 March -- E
| 547 |
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| 5 |
7,860,810 |
**Evangelism marketing** is an advanced form of word-of-mouth marketing in which companies develop customers who believe so strongly in a particular product or service that they freely try to convince others to buy and use it. The customers become voluntary advocates, actively spreading the word on behalf of the company.
Evangelism marketing is sometimes confused with affiliate marketing. However, while affiliate programs provide incentives in the form of money or products, evangelist customers spread their recommendations and recruit new customers out of pure belief, not for the receipt of goods or money. Rather, the goal of the customer evangelist is simply to provide benefit to other individuals.
As they act independently, evangelist customers often become key influencers. The fact that evangelists are not paid or associated with any company makes their beliefs perceived by others as credible and trustworthy.
Evangelism comes from the three words of \'bringing good news\', and the marketing term draws from the religious sense, as consumers are driven by their beliefs in a product or service, which they preach in an attempt to convert others.
## History
Some people believe Guy Kawasaki, the former chief evangelist of Apple Computer, to be the father of evangelism marketing.`{{fact|date=February 2021}}`{=mediawiki} In his books *The Art of the Start* and *How to Drive Your Competition Crazy*, Kawasaki states that the driving force behind evangelism marketing is the fact that individuals simply want to make the world a better place. Evangelist customers spread their recommendations and recruit new customers out of pure belief, not for goods or money.
## Types
- Evangelism marketing applies to any kind of product.
- Technology evangelism is the evangelism marketing of a tool.
- Platform evangelism is the evangelism marketing of the opportunity to create complementary goods for a multi-sided platform, which also involves non-marketing functions such as regulation of the platform\'s commercial ecosystem to maximize network effects.
## Customer communities {#customer_communities}
A strong avenue for evangelists is in the form of customer communities, which bring together groups of users of a product or service to share information and discuss common issues. Some companies assist with such events, for example, General Motors\' Saturn division in Tennessee organized an annual summer picnic for thousands of customers. Another example is the Harley Owners Groups (HOGS), organized by Harley Davidson, which associates bikers locally and globally through quarterly and annual meetings held all over the world. Starbucks, the coffee company, started an online customer community in 2008 called My Starbucks Idea, designed to collect suggestions for products or services and feedback from customers. During the first year of the program, My Starbucks Idea generated 70,000 ideas through the site and approximately 50 changes based on customer suggestions were implemented
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The **Triple-S Management Corporation (TSM)** ---commonly known as **Triple-S**, or **SSS**--- is an insurance holding company based in San Juan, Puerto Rico, which offers a wide range of insurance products and services in Puerto Rico through its wholly owned subsidiaries. Its headquarters are located at 1441 Franklin D. Roosevelt Ave., in the San Patricio section of San Juan.
Triple-S is the leading managed care company in Puerto Rico. With over one million customers, in addition to its core managed care business, TSM operates two complementary businesses in life, and property and casualty insurance. Founded in 1959, it has become the largest medical insurance provider in Puerto Rico thanks to its licensed affiliation with the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association. Since 1965, Triple-S, Inc. has been an independent licensee of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association, holding the exclusive rights to the Blue Cross Blue Shield name and trademark in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands. This provides its members with access to the Blue Card network in the U.S. It is the only managed-care company that serves all market sectors, including Medicare, Medicaid, Group and Individual, in Puerto Rico.
## History timeline {#history_timeline}
- 1959: A group of physicians and dentists establish Seguros de Servicios de Salud. Among the members of the first board of directors was Ernesto Colón Yordán who was also one of the founders
- 1966: Triple-S, Inc. manages Medicare Part B in Puerto Rico once Medicare is created.
- 1984: Triple-S enters the life insurance market to complement its managed care offerings and creates Seguros de Vida Triple-S.
- 1988: As part of a diversification strategy, the company enters the property and casualty insurance market and establishes Seguros Triple-S.
- 1995: Triple-S is awarded a contract to provide services to the Puerto Rico Health Reform.
- 1999: Stockholders create Triple-S Management Corporation (TSM), a holding company, to facilitate the growth and diversification of the business.
- 2005: Triple-S, Inc. begins its participation in the Medicare Advantage segment.
- 2006: TSM acquires Great American Life Assurance Company of Puerto Rico (GA Life) and after its merger with Seguros de Vida Triple-S, it becomes Triple-S Vida, the leading life insurance company in Puerto Rico.
- 2007: TSM is the first Puerto Rican managed care company to become a public company trading its shares in the New York Stock Exchange, under the symbol GTS (Grupo Triple-S).
- 2009: Grupo Triple-S celebrates its 50th anniversary and renews its corporate identity. Triple-S Salud, Inc. completes the purchase of certain managed care assets of La Cruz Azul de Puerto Rico and is awarded the Blue Cross license, thereby becoming in the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association licensee of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands.
- 2011: TSM acquires American Health Medicare, a Medicare Advantage services provider over 40,000 members.
- 2012: Triple-S Salud creates Blue Cross Blue Shield of the U.S. Virgin Islands and enters the USVI market to offer health insurance products to the commercial segment.
- 2013: Triple-S Salud is selected as administrator for all the regions of the Puerto Rico Government Health Plan. The corporation lays the foundation for its expansion to international markets through Triple-S Vida\'s acquisition of Atlantic Southern Insurance Company (ASICO), with headquarters in Puerto Rico and operations in the US Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, Anguilla and Costa Rica.
- 2014: ASICO is rebranded as Triple-S Blue and its expansion into Latin America starts with the launch of the BCBS Costa Rica brand. The brands of AHM and Triple-S Salud Medicare Advantage division are consolidated and rebranded as Triple-S Advantage
- 2015: The introduction to Cristina Bazán, Puerto Rico\'s highest grossing soap opera of all time, was reshot and used for a television commercial for Triple-S, 38 years after the success of the original. The advertisement was created by J. Walter Thompson for Triple-S, a health insurance company, to encourage Puerto Ricans to enroll in health plans.
- 2015: The introduction to Cristina Bazán, Puerto Rico\'s highest grossing soap opera of all time, was reshot and used for a television commercial for Triple-S, 38 years after the success of the original. The advertisement was created by J. Walter Thompson for Triple-S, a health insurance company, to encourage Puerto Ricans to enroll in health plans
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***BET Nightly News*** is the main newscast of the BET network. The newscast covered national and international news stories from a black perspective.
The program ran for four years, ending in July 2005. The nightly newscast was replaced by a new format, which included hourly updates and on-line supplements.
Past anchors of the newscast included Michelle Miller and Jacque Reid. The executive producer of the program was Will J. Wright
| 70 |
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| 0 |
7,860,835 |
**Robert Shmalo** (born November 2, 1977, in Cincinnati) is an American former ice dancer who competed from 1997 to 2003 with Kimberly Navarro. With Navarro, Shmalo was an alternate for the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics. Navarro / Shmalo were coached by Inese Bucevica and their choreographers included Natalia Bestemianova. Prior to Shmalo\'s ice dancing career, he was a medalist at the U.S. Championships in the compulsory figures event.
After retiring from skating, Shmalo turned to law and currently works as an attorney with the international law firm of Proskauer Rose LLP in New York City.
## Competitive highlights {#competitive_highlights}
*GP: Grand Prix*
### With Navarro {#with_navarro}
International
-----------------------
Event
NHK Trophy
Finlandia Trophy
Nebelhorn Trophy
Golden Spin of Zagreb
National
U.S. Championships
### Compulsory figures {#compulsory_figures}
Event 1995 1996 1997 1998
-------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------
U.S
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**Sales management** is a business discipline which is focused on the practical application of sales techniques and the management of a firm\'s sales operations. It is an important business function as net sales, through the sale of products and services and resulting profit, drive most commercial business. These are also typically the goals and performance indicators of sales management.
**Sales manager** is the typical title of someone whose role is sales management. The role typically involves talent development.
Churchill mentioned that the antecedents of sales performance are based on the meta-analysis for the period 1918- 1982 (76 years of previous research work). He suggested five factors that influence a salesperson\'s job behaviour and performance along with different categories like skill level, role perceptions, motivation, aptitude, personal factors, and organizational factors with three moderators.
## Sales planning {#sales_planning}
Sales planning involves strategy, setting profit-based sales targets, quotas, sales forecasting, demand management and the execution of a sales plan.
A **sales plan** is a strategic document that outlines the business targets, resources and sales activities. It typically follows the lead of the marketing plan, strategic planning and the business plan with more specific detail on how the objectives can be achieved through the actual sale of products and services. Sales is a recurring and periodical process (maybe \'daily\'), hence, this can not be called as a project. Sales is a process and ideally a periodical activity.
## Recruitment of sales staff {#recruitment_of_sales_staff}
The three recruitment tasks used in sales management are job analysis; job description and job qualifications.
Job analysis is performed to specify the certain tasks that a salesperson is responsible for on a daily basis. It should identify what activities are deemed as being vital to the success of the company. Any person associated with the sales organization or the human resources department could carry out the analysis, or it could be done by an outside specialist (Spiro, pp. 134--137). The person that is responsible for completing a job analysis should have an in-depth comprehension of the daily activities of the salespeople.
This job analysis is then written in an explicit manner as a job description. The general information consists of:
1. Title of job
2. Organizational relationship
3. Types of products and services sold
4. Types of customers called on
5. Duties and responsibilities related to the job
6. Job demands.
An effective job description will identify compensation plans, size of workload, and the salespeople\'s duties. It is also primarily responsible for hiring tools such as application forms and psychological tests.
The most difficult part of this process is the determination of job qualifications. A reason for this difficulty is because hiring affects a company\'s competitive advantage in the market as well as the amount of revenue. Additionally, there should be a set of hiring attributes that is associated with each sales job that is within a company. If an individual does not excel in their assigned territory, it could be due to external factors relating to that person\'s environment.
A company should be careful not to submit to discrimination in regards to employment. A number of qualifications (ethnic background, age, etc.) can not be used in the selection process of hiring.
## Sales reporting {#sales_reporting}
The sales reporting includes the key performance indicators of the sales force.
The Key Performance Indicators indicate whether or not the sales process is being operated effectively and achieves the results as set forth in sales planning. It should enable the sales managers to take timely corrective action deviate from projected values. It also allows senior management to evaluate the sales manager.
More \"results related\" than \"process related\" are information regarding the sales funnel and the hit rate.
Sales reporting can provide metrics for sales management compensation. Rewarding the best managers without accurate and reliable sales reports is not objective.
Also, sales reports are made for internal use for top management. If other divisions' compensation plan depends on final results, it is needed to present results of sales department\'s work to other departments.
Finally, sales reports are required for investors, partners and government, so the sales management system should have advanced reporting capabilities to satisfy the needs of different stakeholders
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**Șeitin** (*Sajtény*) is a commune in western Romania, located in the southwest part of Arad County, is situated in the south-western part of the Arad Plateau, in the valley of the river Mureș, and it covers approximately 6680 ha. The commune is composed of a single village, Șeitin, situated at 47 km from Arad.
## Population
According to the last census, the population of the commune consists of about 2996 inhabitants, out of which 93.7% are Romanians, 0.9% Hungarians, 3.9% Roms, 0.7% Slovaks, 0.5% Ukrainians and 0.3% are of other or undeclared nationalities.
## History
Șeitin was first mentioned in documents in 1138. Archaeological excavations performed in the place called \"La Imaș\" have discovered traces of a Dacian-Roman settlement and a burial vault that prove the continuity of inhabitance on this area.
## Economy
The economy of the commune is mainly agrarian, and the locality is well known in the region as an important grain-bearing vegetable-growing place. Livestock-breeding is based on pig and cattle raising.
## Tourism
The natural park called \"Lunca Mureșului\" and the Mureș valley are the main sights of the commune.
## Natives
- Ioan T. Morar (born 1956), journalist, poet, dramatist, novelist, literary and art critic, and civil society activist
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| 0 |
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The **Serranía del Baudó** is a coastal mountain range on the Pacific coast of Colombia. It is separated from the West Andes by the Atrato valley where the Atrato River flows and Quibdó is located. From the south the range extends from the Baudó River north and slightly west along the coast into Panama terminating at the Golfo de San Miguel. The range is called **Serranía del Sapo** when it is in Panama. Technically the landform extends south of the Baudó River down to Malaga Bay, but the area has been eroded into low hills and marshlands.
From Cabo Corrientes north to Punta Ardita and on into Panama the Baudó Mountains meet the ocean in steep cliffs, rising up to as high as 70 m, with small indentations in the coast providing small pocket beaches, some sandy, but most are shingle or cobble. However, near river mouths the coast has been eroded and there are wide sandy beaches, tidal flats and even mangrove swamps.
The highest point, Alto de Buey, is 1810 m.
## Geology
Geologically, the Serranía del Baudó represents an extension of the Isthmus of Panama. The mountain range started forming in the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene from oceanic volcanics that were compacted as the Nazca Plate and later Malpelo Plate pushed eastward into and under the South American Plate. The area is still tectonically active with the Malpelo Plate estimated to move eastward at the rate of 3.7 cm per year.
## Wildlife
Alto de Buey poison frog, *Andinobates altobueyensis*, is only known from the Alto del Buey mountain
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El Greco (1541--1614) was a prominent painter, sculptor and architect active during the Spanish Renaissance. He developed into an artist so unique that he belongs to no conventional school. His dramatic and expressionistic style was met with puzzlement by his contemporaries but gained newfound appreciation in the 20th century.
He is best known for tortuously elongated bodies and chests on the figures and often fantastic or phantasmagorical pigmentation, marrying Byzantine traditions with those of Western civilization. Of El Greco, Hortensio Félix Paravicino, a seventeenth-century Spanish preacher and poet, said: \"Crete gave him life and the painter\'s craft, Toledo a better homeland, where through Death he began to achieve eternal life.\" According to author Liisa Berg, Paravacino revealed in a few words two main factors that define when a great artist gains the appraisal he deserves: no one is a prophet in his homeland and often it is in retrospect that one\'s work gains its true appreciation and value.
## Re-evaluation of his art {#re_evaluation_of_his_art}
-- --
-- --
El Greco was disdained by the immediate generations after his death because his work was opposed in many respects to the principles of the early baroque style which came to the fore near the beginning of the 17th century and soon supplanted the last surviving traits of the 16th-century Mannerism. The painter was deemed incomprehensible and had no important followers. Only his son and a few unknown painters produced weak copies of El Greco\'s works. Later 17th- and early 18th-century Spanish commentators praised his skill but criticized his anti-naturalistic style and his complex iconography. Some of these commentators, such as Antonio Palomino and Céan Bermúdez described his mature work as \"contemptible\", \"ridiculous\" and \"worthy of scorn\". The views of Palomino and Bermúdez were frequently repeated in Spanish historiography, adorned with terms such as \"strange\", \"queer\", \"original\", \"eccentric\" and \"odd\". The phrase \"sunk in eccentricity\", often encountered in such texts, in time became his \"madness\".`{{Ref_label|K|k|none}}`{=mediawiki}
With the arrival of Romantic sentiments, El Greco\'s works were examined anew. To French writer Théophile Gautier, El Greco was the precursor of the European Romantic movement in all its craving for the strange and the extreme. French Romantic writers praised his work for the same \"extravagance\" and \"madness\" which had disturbed 18th century commentators. During the operation of the Spanish Museum in Paris, El Greco was admired as the ideal romantic hero and all the romantic stereotypes (the gifted, the misunderstood, the marginal, the mad, the one who lost his reason because of the scorn of his contemporaries) were projected onto his life. The myth of El Greco\'s madness came in two versions. On the one hand, Théophile Gautier, a French poet, dramatist, novelist, journalist and literary critic, believed that El Greco went mad from excessive artistic sensitivity. On the other hand, the public and the critics would not possess the ideological criteria of Gautier and would retain the image of El Greco as a \"mad painter\" and, therefore, his \"maddest\" paintings were not admired but considered to be historical documents proving his \"madness\".
The critic Zacharie Astruc and the scholar Paul Lefort helped to promote a widespread revival of interest in his painting. In the 1890s, Spanish painters then living in Paris adopted him as their guide and mentor. In 1908, art historian Manuel Bartolomé Cossío, who regarded El Greco\'s style as a response to Spanish mystics, published the first comprehensive catalogue of El Greco\'s works. In this book, El Greco is described as the founder of the Spanish School and as the conveyor of the Spanish soul. Julius Meier-Graefe, a scholar of French Impressionism, travelled in Spain in 1908 and wrote down his experiences in *The Spanische Reise*, the first book which established El Greco as a great painter of the past. In El Greco\'s work, Meier-Graefe found foreshadowings of modernity. To the Der Blaue Reiter group in Munich in 1912, El Greco typified that *mystical inner construction* that it was the task of their generation to rediscover. To the English artist and critic Roger Fry in 1920, El Greco was the archetypal genius who did as he thought best \"with complete indifference to what effect the right expression might have on the public\". Fry described El Greco as \"an old master who is not merely modern, but actually appears a good many steps ahead of us, turning back to show us the way\". At the same period, some other researchers developed certain disputed theories. Doctors August Goldschmidt and Germán Beritens argued that El Greco painted such elongated human figures because he had vision problems (possibly progressive astigmatism or strabismus) that made him see bodies longer than they were, and at an angle to the perpendicular. This theory enjoyed surprising popularity during the early years of the twentieth century and was opposed by the German psychologist David Kuntz. Whether or not El Greco had progressive astigmatism is still open to debate. Stuart Anstis, Professor at the University of California (Department of Psychology) concludes that \"even if El Greco were astigmatic, he would have adapted to it, and his figures, whether drawn from memory or life, would have had normal proportions. His elongations were an artistic expression, not a visual symptom.\" According to Professor of Spanish John Armstrong Crow, \"astigmatism could never give quality to a canvas, nor talent to a dunce\". The English writer W. Somerset Maugham attributed El Greco\'s personal style a \"latent homosexuality\" which he claimed the artist might have had; the doctor Arturo Perera attributed El Greco\'s style to the use of cannabis.
El Greco\'s re-evaluation was not limited to just scholarship. His expressiveness and colors influenced Eugène Delacroix and Édouard Manet. The first painter who appears to have noticed the structural code in the morphology of the mature El Greco was Paul Cézanne, one of the forerunners of cubism. Comparative morphological analyses of the two painters revealed their common elements, such as the distortion of the human body, the reddish and (in appearance only) unworked backgrounds, the similarities in the rendering of space etc. According to Brown, \"Cézanne and El Greco are spiritual brothers despite the centuries which separate them\". Fry observed that Cézanne drew from \"his great discovery of the permeation of every part of the design with a uniform and continuous plastic theme\".
The Symbolists, and Pablo Picasso during his blue period, drew on the cold tonality of El Greco, utilizing the anatomy of his ascetic figures. While Picasso was working on *Les Demoiselles d\'Avignon*, he visited his friend Ignacio Zuloaga in his studio in Paris and studied El Greco\'s *Opening of the Fifth Seal* (owned by Zuloaga since 1897). The relation between *Les Demoiselles d\'Avignon* and the *Opening of the Fifth Seal* was pinpointed in the early 1980s, when the stylistic similarities and the relationship between the motifs of both works were analysed. According to art historian John Richardson *Les Demoiselles d\'Avignon* \"turns out to have a few more answers to give once we realize that the painting owes at least as much to El Greco as Cézanne\". Picasso said about *Demoiselles d\'Avignon*, \"in any case, only the execution counts. From this point of view, it is correct to say that Cubism has a Spanish origin and that I invented Cubism. We must look for the Spanish influence in Cézanne. Things themselves necessitate it, the influence of El Greco, a Venetian painter, on him. But his structure is Cubist\".
The early cubist explorations of Picasso were to uncover other aspects in the work of El Greco: structural analysis of his compositions, multi-faced refraction of form, interweaving of form and space, and special effects of highlights. Several traits of cubism, such as distortions and the materialistic rendering of time, have their analogies in El Greco\'s work. According to Picasso, El Greco\'s structure is cubist. On February 22, 1950, Picasso began his series of \"paraphrases\" of other painters\' works with *The Portrait of a Painter after El Greco*. Foundoulaki asserts that Picasso \"completed \... the process for the activation of the painterly values of El Greco which had been started by Manet and carried on by Cézanne\".
The expressionists focused on the expressive distortions of El Greco. According to Franz Marc, one of the principal painters of the German expressionist movement, \"we refer with pleasure and with steadfastness to the case of El Greco, because the glory of this painter is closely tied to the evolution of our new perceptions on art\". Jackson Pollock, a major force in the abstract expressionist movement, was also influenced by El Greco. By 1943, Pollock had completed sixty drawing compositions after El Greco and owned three books on the Cretan master.
Contemporary artists are also inspired by El Greco\'s art. Kysa Johnson used El Greco\'s paintings of the Immaculate Conception as the compositional framework for some of her works, and the master\'s anatomical distortions are somewhat reflected in Fritz Chesnut\'s portraits.
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## Technique and style {#technique_and_style}
The primacy of the imagination over the subjective character of creation was a fundamental principle of El Greco\'s style. According to Lambraki-Plaka \"intuition and the judgement of the eye are the painter\'s surest guide\".
### Artistic beliefs {#artistic_beliefs}
Scholars\' conclusions about El Greco\'s aesthetics are mainly based on the notes El Greco inscribed in the margins of two books in his library. El Greco discarded classicist criteria such as measure and proportion. He believed that grace is the supreme quest of art. But the painter achieves grace only if he manages to solve the most complex problems with obvious ease.
El Greco regarded color as the most important and the most ungovernable element of painting (\"I hold the imitation of color to be the greatest difficulty of art.\"---Notes of the painter in one of his commentaries). He declared that color had primacy over drawing; thus his opinion on Michelangelo was that \"he was a good man, but he did not know how to paint\". Francisco Pacheco, a painter and theoretician who visited El Greco in 1611, was startled by the painter\'s technique: \"If I say that Domenico Greco sets his hand to his canvases many and many times over, that he worked upon them again and again, but to leave the colors crude and unblent in great blots as a boastful display of his dexterity?\" Pacheco asserts that \"El Greco believed in constant repainting and retouching in order to make the broad masses tell flat as in nature\".
### Further assessments {#further_assessments}
Art historian Max Dvořák was the first scholar to connect El Greco\'s art with Mannerism and Antinaturalism. Modern scholars characterize El Greco\'s theory as \"typically Mannerist\" and pinpoint its sources in the Neoplatonism of the Renaissance. According to Brown, the painter endeavored to create a sophisticated form of art. Nicholas Penny, senior curator at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, asserts that \"once in Spain, El Greco was able to create a style of his own -- one that disavowed most of the descriptive ambitions of painting\".
In his mature works El Greco demonstrated a characteristic tendency to dramatize rather than to describe. The strong spiritual emotion transfers from painting directly to the audience. According to Pacheco, El Greco\'s perturbed, violent and at times seemingly careless-in-execution art was due to a studied effort to acquire a freedom of style. The preference of El Greco for very tall and slender figures and elongated compositions, which served both the expressive purposes and the aesthetic principles of the master, led him to disregard the laws of nature and elongate his compositions more and more, particularly when they were destined for altarpieces. The anatomy of the human body becomes even more otherworldly in the painter\'s mature works. For example, for the *Virgin of the Immaculate Conception* that he painted for the side-chapel of Isabella Oballe in the church of Saint Vincent in Toledo (1607--1613), El Greco asked to lengthen the altarpiece itself by another 1.5 feet \"because in this way the form will be perfect and not reduced, which is the worst thing that can happen to a figure\'\". The minutes concerning the commission, which were composed by the personnel of the municipality, describe El Greco as \"one of the greatest men in both this kingdom and outside it\". A significant innovation of El Greco\'s mature works is the interweaving between form and space; a reciprocal relationship is developed between them which completely unifies the painting surface. This interweaving would re-emerge three centuries later in Cézanne\'s and Picasso\'s works.
Another characteristic of El Greco\'s mature style is the use of light. As Brown notes, \"each figure seems to carry its own light within or reflects the light that emanates from an unseen source\". Fernando Marias and Agustín Bustamante García, the scholars who transcribed El Greco\'s handwritten notes, connect the power that the painter gives to light with the ideas underlying Christian Neo-Platonism. The later works of the painter turn this use of light into glowing colors. In *The Vision of Saint John* and the *Fifth Seal of the Apocalypse* the scenes owe their power to this otherworldly stormy light, which reveals their mystic character. The renowned *View of Toledo* (c. 1600) also acquires its visionary character because of this stormy light. The grey-blue clouds are split by lightning bolts, which vividly highlight the noble buildings of the city. His last landscape, *View and Plan of Toledo*, is almost like a vision, all of the buildings painted glistening white. According to Wethey, in his surviving landscapes, \"El Greco demonstrated his characteristic tendency to dramatize rather than to describe\". Professor Nicos Hadjinicolaou notes the manner in which El Greco could adjust his style in accordance with his surroundings and stresses the importance of Toledo for the complete development of El Greco\'s mature style. Wethey asserts that \"although Greek by descent and Italian by artistic preparation, the artist became so immersed in the religious environment of Spain that he became the most vital visual representative of Spanish mysticism\". The same scholar believes that in El Greco\'s mature works \"the devotional intensity of mood reflects the religious spirit of Roman Catholic Spain in the period of the Counter-Reformation\". El Greco often produces an open pipe between Earth and Heaven in his paintings. *The Annunciation* is one example of this spiritual conduit being present. The people, clouds, and other objects in many of his paintings open away from a central, empty passageway between the ground and the upper spiritual firmament. This is sometimes a subtle concavity in fabrics that implies a ghostly passageway that leads vertically from the people at the bottom to the angels at the top of the paintings. In other paintings, this central cylinder of open space is very prominent, providing a distinctive visionary style, due to the deep insights of the pious painter. These paintings imply that El Greco, himself, can see the holy path from common human existence toward a very real Heaven.
El Greco excelled also as a portraitist, mainly of ecclesiastics or gentlemen, who was able not only to record a sitter\'s features but to convey his character. Although he was primarily a painter of religious subjects, his portraits, though less numerous, are equally high in quality. Two of his late works are the portraits of *Fray Felix Hortensio Paravicino* (1609) and *Cardinal Don Fernando Niño de Guevara* (c. 1600). Both are seated, as was customary in portraits presenting important ecclesiastics. Wethey says that \"by such simple means, the artist created a memorable characterization that places him in the highest rank as a portraitist, along with Titian and Rembrandt\".
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## Technique and style {#technique_and_style}
### Suggested Byzantine affinities {#suggested_byzantine_affinities}
During the first half of the 20th century some scholars developed certain theories concerning the Byzantine origins of El Greco\'s style. Professor Angelo Procopiou had asserted that, although El Greco belongs to Mannerism, his roots were firmly in the Byzantine tradition. According to art historian Robert Byron \"all Greco\'s most individual characteristics, which have so puzzled and dismayed his critics, derive directly from the art of his ancestors\". On the other hand, Cossío had argued that Byzantine art could not be related to El Greco\'s later work.
The discovery of the *Dormition of the Virgin* on Syros, an authentic and signed work from the painter\'s Cretan period (the iconographic type of the *Dormition* was suggested as the compositional model for the *Burial of the Count of Orgaz* for quite some time), and the extensive archival research in the early 1960s contributed to the rekindling and reassessment of these theories. Significant scholarly works of the second half of the 20th century devoted to El Greco reappraise many of the various interpretations of him, including his supposed Byzantinism. Based on the notes written in El Greco\'s own hand and on his unique style, they see an organic continuity between Byzantine painting and his art. German art historian August L. Mayer emphasizes what he calls \"the oriental element\" in El Greco\'s art. He argues that the artist \"remained a Greek reflecting vividly the Oriental side of Byzantine culture \... The fact that he signed his name in Greek characters is no mere accident\". In this judgement, Mayer disagrees with Oxford University professors, Cyril Mango and Elizabeth Jeffreys, who assert that \"despite claims to the contrary, the only Byzantine element of his famous paintings was his signature in Greek lettering\". Hadjinicolaou, another scholar who is opposed to the persistence of El Greco\'s Byzantine origins, states that from 1570 on the master\'s painting is \"neither Byzantine nor post-Byzantine but Western European. The works he produced in Italy belong to the history of the Italian art, and those he produced in Spain to the history of Spanish art\".
The Welsh art historian David Davies seeks the roots of El Greco\'s style in the intellectual sources of his Greek-Christian education and in the world of his recollections from the liturgical and ceremonial aspect of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Davies believes that the religious climate of the Counter-Reformation and the aesthetics of mannerism acted as catalysts to activate his individual technique. According to Davies, \"El Greco sought to convey the essential or universal meaning of the subject through a process of redefinition and reduction. In Toledo, he accomplished this by abandoning the Renaissance emphasis on the observation and selection of natural phenomena. Instead he responded to Byzantine and sixteenth-century Mannerist art in which images are conceived in the mind\". Additionally, he asserts that the philosophies of Platonism and ancient Neo-Platonism, the works of Plotinus and Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, and the texts of the Church fathers and the liturgy offer the keys to the understanding of El Greco\'s style.
Summarizing the ensuing scholarly debate on this issue, José Álvarez Lopera, curator at the Museo del Prado, concludes that the presence of \"Byzantine memories\" is obvious in El Greco\'s mature works, though there are still some obscure issues about El Greco\'s Byzantine origins needing further illumination. According to Lambraki-Plaka \"far from the influence of Italy, in a neutral place which was intellectually similar to his birthplace, Candia, the Byzantine elements of his education emerged and played a catalytic role in the new conception of the image which is presented to us in his mature work\". According to Lambraki-Plaka, El Greco employed a deliberately non-naturalistic style and his completely spiritualized figures are a reference to the ascetics of Byzantine hagiography.
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## Architecture and sculpture {#architecture_and_sculpture}
El Greco in his lifetime was highly esteemed as an architect and sculptor. He usually designed complete altar compositions, working as architect and sculptor as well as painter, for instance at the Hospital de la Caridad. There he decorated the chapel of the hospital, but the wooden altar and the sculptures he executed have in all probability perished. For *Espolio* the master designed the original altar of gilded wood which has been destroyed, but his small, sculptured group of the *Miracle of St. Ildefonso* still survives on the lower centre of the frame.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\"I would not be happy to see a beautiful, well-proportioned woman, no matter from which point of view, however extravagant, not only lose her beauty in order to, I would say, increase in size according to the law of vision, but no longer appear beautiful, and, in fact, become monstrous.\"
\'**\'El Greco** (marginalia the painter inscribed in his copy of Daniele Barbaro\'s translation of Vitruvius)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
His most important architectural achievement was the church and Monastery of Santo Domingo el Antiguo, for which he also executed sculptures and paintings. El Greco is regarded as a painter who incorporated architecture in his painting. He is also credited with the architectural frames to his own paintings in Toledo. Pacheco characterized him as \"a writer of painting, sculpture and architecture\".
In the marginalia El Greco inscribed in his copy of Daniele Barbaro\'s translation of Vitruvius\' *De Architectura*, he refuted Vitruvius\' attachment to archaeological remains, canonical proportions, perspective and mathematics. He also saw Vitruvius\'s manner of distorting proportions in order to compensate for distance from the eye as responsible for creating monstrous forms. El Greco was averse to the very idea of rules in architecture; he believed above all in the freedom of invention and defended novelty, variety, and complexity. These ideas were, however, far too extreme for the architectural circles of his era and had no immediate resonance
| 324 |
Art of El Greco
| 3 |
7,860,943 |
**Freedom High School** is located in Oakley, California, United States. It opened in 1996 on the grounds of Liberty High School, before moving to the new campus, as a part of the Liberty Union High School District. The current Liberty Union High School District contains Freedom, Heritage, Independence, La Paloma, and Liberty high schools.
## Overview
Unlike Liberty Union High School, the school features include technological amenities, including many computers, big-screen televisions in every classroom with computer connections that allow teachers to concoct multi-media presentations, and VCRs.
## History
Liberty Union High School District opened Freedom High School in 1996, because all the new students were freshman the school did not have a graduating class that year. In 1997, The school\'s administration offices, library, gym, and the classrooms was built by S.J. Amoroso Construction of Foster City. Plans for the new classrooms at Freedom was announced in late 1997. In 1999, the Oakley Public Library was merged with the Freedom Library to form a joint-use library.
Freedom High School is currently ranked #9,782 in National Rankings by U.S News
## Athletics
Freedom High School is known as the Falcons, as of 2025 Freedom offers multiple sports which all compete in Bay Valley Athletic League
- Baseball
- Basketball
- Cheerleading
- Cross-Country
- Football
- Golf
- Soccer
- Softball
- Swimming & Diving
- Tennis
- Track & Field
- Volleyball
- Water Polo
- Wrestling
- Bowling
- E-Sports
In addition, Boys and Girls Rugby is offered as a club level sports.
Freedom is known for the Football, Soccer, Baseball, and Cheer Team as they have established themselves offer the years as competition teams.
### Football
Freedom Football has never won a state championship. Their best year, 2016-17 under the leadership of Kevin Hartwig went 11-2 overall and had a league record of 5-0. Ending the season at the national ranking of 102 and state rank of 13. The season would end in a loss against De La Salle 49-7 and against St. Mary\'s 49-40.
Freedom competes in CIF North Coast Section, only one student that has competed in football here has seen a Super Bowl which is Joe Mixon.
## Clubs and extracurricular activities {#clubs_and_extracurricular_activities}
### Controversy
Controversy started surrounding the formation of a Caucasian Club in November 2003 at the school. Freshman Lisa McClelland gathered about 250 signatures from students and adults to start a club that would focus attention on European heritage and history. Other societies already found in the school include the Black Student Union, the Latinos Unidos, and the ALOHA club for Asian-American students. Lou Calabro, president of the European-American Issues Forum, became an informal advisor of the club and sent letters to two civil rights organizations that the school\'s administration be investigated. However, the Caucasian Club was accused of fueling racial tension and was forced to disband. McClelland eventually transferred out of the school.
## *If You Really Knew Me* {#if_you_really_knew_me}
Freedom High School was featured on the 2010 MTV reality show *If You Really Knew Me*. The show chronicles high schools across the nation undergoing a \"challenge day\" where students share their stories. The idea of challenge day is to break down cliques within the school, especially those that result from racism. The school now has an on-campus group that holds mini challenge days frequently for classes
| 556 |
Freedom High School (Oakley, California)
| 0 |
7,860,958 |
**Sir Clive Malcolm Thompson** (born 4 April 1943) is a British businessman who is deputy chairman of Strategic Equity Capital plc. He was chairman of Rentokil Initial plc between 2002 and 2004, having been chief executive for 20 years to 2002. He is a former president of the CBI, member of the Committee on Corporate Governance and deputy chairman of the Financial Reporting Council. He is a former chairman of European Home Retail plc and director of J Sainsbury plc, Wellcome plc, Seeboard plc, Caradon plc and BAT Industries plc.
He was educated at the University of Birmingham (BSc).
Following the collapse of Farepak, the UK Insolvency Service applied to the High Court for Thompson to be disqualified as a Director, but the case was later dropped
| 127 |
Clive Thompson (businessman)
| 0 |
7,860,964 |
**Jean-Baptiste Bottex** (June 24, 1918 -- May 28, 1979) was a Haitian painter.
## Biography
Hailing from Port Margot, near Cap-Haitien in northern Haiti, Jean-Baptiste and his younger brother Seymour are descendants of the Haitian Generals of the Independence of the North - Raimond de Bottex, and his son Narcéus Bottex (18th and 19th centuries).
Like Seymour, he worked for a time for the Galerie Issa in Port-au-Prince. Considered a naïve artist, his work is best known for its two separate styles:
- painting directly from social inspiration, often depicting daily Haitian life
- religious themes feature often in his work - as in his younger brother Seymour\'s work
Often exhibited in Haiti, particularly at the Centre d\'Art, his works have also featured in numerous exhibitions worldwide
| 127 |
Jean-Baptiste Bottex
| 0 |
7,860,969 |
**Broadwater Development** is a casino holding company that is privately owned by Roy Anderson III, owner of Roy Anderson Corporation construction company, W.C. \"Cotton\" Fore, president of Gulfport-based W.C. Fore Trucking Inc., and Miami-based Dezer Development Group.
## History
On January 20, 2005, the company won a bid for the President Casino Broadwater Resort for \$82 million in a bankruptcy action. Foxwoods Development abandoned plans to purchase 15 acre of land from Broadwater for a casino on April 26, 2006.
In June 2020, the company announced an agreement with Dakia Entertainment Hospitality to develop a \$1.2 billion, 266-acre entertainment facility by summer 2023 in Biloxi, MS
| 106 |
Broadwater Development
| 0 |
7,860,970 |
The City of Manchester forms part of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, which had its county council abolished (along with the other metropolitan counties) in 1986. Manchester consists of several districts, but these districts do not represent a tier of government (though the names are used as political wards).
## Political history {#political_history}
Manchester has long been associated with radical politics, including the Peterloo Massacre in 1819; the formation of the Anti-Corn Law League in 1839, as well as being the birthplace to some of the most influential works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
Manchester currently sits on the left of the political spectrum, as shown by the make up of its City Council. The north of the city is considered a Labour stronghold , while the southern suburbs tend to be more hospitable to other parties. The last Conservative MP lost his seat in 1987.
## Manchester City Council {#manchester_city_council}
Manchester City Council is the local authority for the metropolitan borough of Manchester. The borough is divided into 32 wards, which elect a total of 96 councillors, three for each ward. Currently, the council is controlled by the Labour Party and is led by Bev Craig. The opposition is formed by the Liberal Democrats and led by former Manchester MP John Leech.
Party
---------------- ----
4 January 2025
87
4
3
1
1
### Districts in the City of Manchester {#districts_in_the_city_of_manchester}
- Ancoats
- Ardwick
- Baguley
- Benchill
- Beswick
- Blackley
- Bradford
- Burnage
- Brooklands
- Cheetham
- Chorlton-cum-Hardy
- Clayton
- Crumpsall
- Didsbury
- Fallowfield
- Gaythorn
- Gorton
- Harpurhey
- Hulme
- Levenshulme
- Longsight
- Miles Platting
- Moss Side
- Moston
- Newton Heath
- Northenden
- Openshaw
- Rusholme
- Sharston
- Whalley Range
- Withington
- Woodhouse Park
- Wythenshawe
### Parishes
There is only one civil parish in the metropolitan borough, Ringway, which was added in 1974. The entire area of the pre-1974 county borough is an unparished area.
### North West Regional Assembly {#north_west_regional_assembly}
Whilst not a directly elected body, the North West Regional Assembly was responsible for promoting the economic, environmental, and social well-being of the North West England region. It was made up of representatives from councils across the region, business organizations, public sector agencies, education and training bodies, trade unions and co-operatives and the voluntary and community sector. Regional assemblies were abolished in 2010.
## UK Parliament {#uk_parliament}
There are five UK Parliamentary constituencies that cover the City of Manchester, each of which elects one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons in London. These constituencies and their current MPs are:
- Manchester Central -- Lucy Powell MP (Labour)
- Blackley and Middleton South (also covers part of Rochdale) -- Graham Stringer MP (Labour)
- Manchester Rusholme-- Afzal Khan MP (Labour)
- Manchester Withington -- Jeff Smith MP (Labour)
- Wythenshawe and Sale East (also covers part of Trafford) -- Mike Kane MP (Labour)
| 496 |
Politics in Manchester
| 0 |
7,860,970 |
## European Parliament {#european_parliament}
North West England, as a single EU constituency, elected 8 representatives to the European Parliament. At the time of Britain\'s withdrawal from the European Union the Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) for the North West were:
+--------------------+-----------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Constituency | Member of the European Parliament | National political party | | European political party | | European Parliament group | | Year first elected`{{Cref2|Note 2}}`{=mediawiki} |
+====================+===================================+==========================+==================================+==========================+=====================================================+===========================+==================================================+==================================================+
| North West England | Jane Brophy | | Liberal Democrats | | Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party | | Renew Europe | 2019 |
+--------------------+-----------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| | David Bull | | Brexit Party | bgcolor= \| | *None* | | Non-Inscrits | 2019 |
+--------------------+-----------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| | Chris Davies | | Liberal Democrats | | Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party | | Renew Europe | 1999\ |
| | | | | | | | | `{{Cref2|Note 1}}`{=mediawiki} |
+--------------------+-----------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| | Gina Dowding | | Green Party of England and Wales | | European Green Party | | The Greens - European Free Alliance | 2019 |
+--------------------+-----------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| | Claire Fox | | Brexit Party | bgcolor= \| | *None* | | Non-Inscrits | 2019 |
+--------------------+-----------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| | Theresa Griffin | | Labour Party | | Party of European Socialists | | Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats | 2014 |
+--------------------+-----------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| | Henrik Overgaard-Nielsen | | Brexit Party | bgcolor= \| | *None* | | Non-Inscrits | 2019 |
+--------------------+-----------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| | Julie Ward | | Labour Party | | Party of European Socialists | | Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats | 2014 |
+--------------------+-----------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
Notes
| 281 |
Politics in Manchester
| 1 |
7,860,970 |
## Greater Manchester {#greater_manchester}
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county which surrounds the City of Manchester. Including the City of Manchester, Greater Manchester is made up of ten metropolitan boroughs, with each borough having its own council. The ten boroughs are shown in the following map.
Number Borough Map Number Borough
-------- ----------------------------------- ----- -------- ----------------------------------
1 City of Manchester 6 Metropolitan Borough of Bury
2 Metropolitan Borough of Stockport 7 Metropolitan Borough of Bolton
3 Metropolitan Borough of Tameside 8 Metropolitan Borough of Wigan
4 Metropolitan Borough of Oldham 9 City of Salford
5 Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale 10 Metropolitan Borough of Trafford
The larger towns in the Greater Manchester county include Altrincham, Ashton-under-Lyne, Bolton, Bury, Cheadle, Droylsden, Hyde, Middleton, Oldham, Rochdale, Sale, Stalybridge, Stockport, Stretford and Wigan.
Since 2017, there has been an elected Mayor of Greater Manchester, who sits on the Greater Manchester Combined Authority and has power over areas including planning, housing, transport, policing, waste management and skills.
**List of Mayors**
+--------------------------------------------------+
| Colour key\ |
| `{{nobold|(for political parties)}}`{=mediawiki} |
+==================================================+
| |
+--------------------------------------------------+
+------+-----------------+----------+----------------+-------------+---------+
| Name | | Portrait | Term of office | | Elected |
+======+=================+==========+================+=============+=========+
| | Tony Lloyd\ | | 29 May 2015 | 8 May 2017 | |
| | *Interim Mayor* | | | | |
+------+-----------------+----------+----------------+-------------+---------+
| | Andy Burnham | | 8 May 2017 | *Incumbent* | 2017\ |
| | | | | | 2021\ |
| | | | | | 2024 |
+------+-----------------+----------+----------------+-------------+---------+
: Mayors of Greater Manchester
### County-wide functions {#county_wide_functions}
Greater Manchester County Council was the top-tier local government body from 1974 to its abolition in 1986. The county still arranges some amenities and services on a county-wide basis. Greater Manchester Police and Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service offer law enforcement and fire protection, while public transport is the responsibility of Transport for Greater Manchester (TfGM). These are overseen by the Greater Manchester Combined Authority, established in 2011.
## Law enforcement {#law_enforcement}
The City of Manchester is policed by the Greater Manchester Police, who have their headquarters at Chester House in Trafford. The main police station in central Manchester is at Bootle Street, near to Albert Square. There are other stations in Salford, Hulme, Collyhurst, Withington, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, and Longsight. Manchester\'s railways are policed by the nationwide British Transport Police.
Manchester had its own police force until 1974, when its force and the lower divisions of Lancashire Constabulary merged to form the Greater Manchester Police. Each of the ten metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester has a Division within the county force
| 430 |
Politics in Manchester
| 2 |
7,860,972 |
**HomeGoods** is a chain of home furnishing stores headquartered in Framingham, Massachusetts. HomeGoods sells furniture, linens, cooking products, art, and other home accessories.
HomeGoods is owned by TJX Companies and is a sister company to T.J. Maxx, Sierra Trading Post, and Marshalls. The size of each store varies by location. There are locations in the United States that combine both the HomeGoods and the T.J. Maxx or Marshalls store brands in one building.
## History
HomeGoods was founded in 1992 by TJX and grew to include hundreds of locations throughout the United States.
In Canada and Europe, the parent company of HomeGoods operates a similar home furnishing chain called HomeSense. In August 2017, TJX announced the opening of about 400 HomeSense stores across America.
HomeGoods has an associated app called \"HomeGoods\" which allows customers to find locations near them, manage gift cards, manage their TJX Rewards Credit Card rewards and bill.
As of October 21, 2023, HomeGoods no longer offered online shopping through their website
| 165 |
HomeGoods
| 0 |
7,860,993 |
**Niels-Erik Andreasen** (born 1941) was the president of Andrews University in Berrien Springs, Michigan, from 1994 to 2016.
## Work
Born in Fredensborg, Denmark, Andreasen lived in Denmark for his first 19 years. He then studied at Newbold College, England, for three years and immigrated to the United States in 1963.
Andreasen graduated in 1963 with a bachelor\'s degree in religion and history from Newbold College, Bracknell, England. He holds two degrees from Andrews University: a master of arts in Biblical studies, which he received in 1965; and a bachelor of divinity degree, 1966. In 1971, he received a doctorate degree in religious studies from Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.
In 1970, Andreasen began what has been more than a quarter of a century of teaching and leadership posts for Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities. From 1970 to 1977, he taught religion at Pacific Union College, Angwin, California. From 1977 to 1990, he served in various positions at Loma Linda University (Riverside and Loma Linda, California, campuses). His most recent position at that institution was dean of the Loma Linda University School of Religion. In addition, he was a visiting lecturer in Australia, England, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Hong Kong, Puerto Rico, France, Germany, and New Zealand.
In 1990, Andreasen was named president of Walla Walla College (now Walla Walla University), College Place, Washington. He served in that capacity until July 1994, when he became the fifth president of Andrews University.
Andreasen is the author of three books, including \"The Christian Use of Time\" and \"The Old Testament Sabbath,\" as well as various articles and reviews.
He has served on several hospital boards and Seventh-day Adventist executive committees, including executive committees of the Upper Columbia, North Pacific Union and Lake Union conferences.
He is a member of the Society of Biblical Literature.
## Works
- *The Old Testament Sabbath a Tradition: Historical Investigation*. Missoula, MT: Society of Biblical Literature 1972.
- *The Christian Use of Time*. Nashville, TN: Abingdon 1978.
- *Rest and Redemption: A Study of the Biblical Sabbath*. Andrews University Monographs - Studies in Religion 11. Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews UP 1978
| 353 |
Niels-Erik Andreasen
| 0 |
7,860,997 |
The **2007 Japan Le Mans Challenge season** was the second for the Japan Le Mans Challenge, a series created by the SERO and sanctioned by the ACO. It began on May 13, 2007 and ended on October 27, 2007 after 4 races.
## Schedule
On October 29, 2006, during the Okayama 1000 km, SERO announced their schedule for the 2007 season, adding a fourth race at Fuji.
Rnd Race Circuit Date
----- ------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------
1 Sportsland Sugo 1000 km Sportsland SUGO May 13
2 Fuji 1000 km Fuji Speedway June 3
3 Motegi 1000 km Twin Ring Motegi July 22
4 Okayama 1000 km Okayama International Circuit October 27
## Season results {#season_results}
Overall winner in **bold**
| 117 |
2007 Japan Le Mans Challenge
| 0 |
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