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# Tracy Brabin
## Filmography
### Television credits {#television_credits}
Year Title Role
------------ ------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
1989 *A Bit of a Do* Sandra Pickersgill
1989 *Hale and Pace* Various characters
1989 *Coronation Street* Chloe (2 episodes)
1991 *Riff-Raff* Singer
1992 *El C.I.D.* Fran
1992 *Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After* Sarah, Duchess of York
1994 *Peak Practice* Lou Clarke
1994--1997 *Coronation Street* Tricia Armstrong (193 episodes)
1994--1996 *Outside Edge* Ginnie Willis (9 episodes)
1995 *Mayday Mayday* Sylvia Redpath
1999 *Sunburn* Sheila Adams
2000-2001 *The Ghost Hunter* Mrs. Oliver
2000 *Where the Heart Is* Stella Taylor
2000 *The Bill* Mrs
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# Rosenburg-Mold
**Rosenburg-Mold** is a town in the district of Horn in Lower Austria, Austria. The Renaissance castle Rosenburg is located in the town
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# Ordensburg Sonthofen
The **Ordensburg Sonthofen** is one of the NS-Ordensburgen built during the Third Reich in Sonthofen (Oberallgäu). Currently it belongs to the Bundeswehr and is named *Generaloberst-Beck-Kaserne*.
## History
The complex was built in 1934 as *NS-Ordensburg Sonthofen* by the German Labour Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront, DAF in short) for the NSDAP.
Three *NS-Ordensburgen* existed:
- Ordensburg Krössinsee, Pomerania
- **Ordensburg Sonthofen**, Allgäu
- Ordensburg Vogelsang, Eifel
A fourth one (Ordensburg Marienburg) was planned at the historic Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork, in East Prussia (currently Poland).
It was designed by architect Hermann Giesler as a school for the education of elite Nazi military and party echelons. The internationally known actor Hardy Krüger attended this school. In the last year of the war it was used as a servicemen\'s hospital.
Commander of the *Ordensburg* was, from 1936 to 1941, Robert Bauer, an *Old Fighter* of the Nazi party and member of the Reichstag since 1933.
After the war French troops first took over the Castle. Later the US Army located the training center for the United States Constabulary force there. From May 1951 through February 1952, was used by the United States Air Force in Europe as a basic training center,
In 1956 the Castle was acquired by the Bundeswehr and was named after the member of resistance and former chief of the general staff of the army Colonel General Ludwig Beck.
## Current use {#current_use}
The *Generaloberst-Beck-Kaserne* hosted schools of the Bundeswehr (Military Police (*Feldjäger*) and Staff Service). In 2009 the Bundeswehr transferred these schools to the Emmich-Cambrai-Kaserne in Hannover. Two other bases were then closed and their personnel moved to Sonthofen.
Today the facility is protected as a historic site.
## Literature
- Hartmut Happel: *Die Allgäuer Ordensburg in Sonthofen*. Eberl, Immenstadt 1996, `{{ISBN|3-920269-01-2}}`{=mediawiki}
- Gerhard Klein: *Die NS-Ordensburg Sonthofen 1934 bis 1945.* In: Paul Ciupke u. Franz-Josef Jelich (Hrsg.): *Weltanschauliche Erziehung in Ordensburgen des Nationalsozialismus. Zur Geschichte und Zukunft der Ordensburg Vogelsang* Geschichte und Erwachsenenbildung, Bd. 20. Essen 2006. S
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# Alain Paquet
**Alain Paquet** (born April 17, 1961) is a Quebec politician, professor and economist. He was a Member of National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Laval-des-Rapides and served as the province\'s Delegate Minister of Finance, from February 3, 2011, until his defeat in the 2012 Québec General Elections, to Leo Bureau-Blouin of the Parti Québécois. Paquet represented the Quebec Liberal Party.
Paquet went to the Université Laval and obtained a bachelor\'s degree in economics. He would then attend the University of Rochester and obtained a master\'s and a doctorate in economics and would add another master\'s degree at Queen\'s University.
He has been a professor since 1988 in the Faculty of Economics at the Université du Québec à Montréal. He was a research scholar for the centre for research on employment and economic variations for 14 years. He was also a guest consultant for the Bank of Canada, the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, the Department of Finance of Canada, the Department of Human Resources Development Canada, the Central Bank of Madagascar and the Malaysian Institute of Economic Research. He was a board member of the Quebec Consumers Association.
Paquet was elected in the 2003 elections and named the chair of the Public Finances Committee from 2003 to 2005 and later the parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Finance. He was re-elected in 2007
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# Constructive Approximation
***Constructive Approximation*** is \"an international mathematics journal dedicated to Approximations, expansions, and related research in: computation, function theory, functional analysis, interpolation spaces and interpolation of operators, numerical analysis, space of functions, special functions, and applications
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# National Lacrosse League Transition Player of the Year Award
The **Transition Player of the Year Award** is given annually to the National Lacrosse League player who is chosen as the best transition player. This award debuted after the 2007 NLL season
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# Weitersfeld
**Weitersfeld** is a town in the district of Horn in Lower Austria, Austria
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# Nebraska Lottery
The **Nebraska Lottery** is run by the government of Nebraska. It was established by the state legislature in 1993. It is a member of the Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL). Its games include Mega Millions, Powerball, 2by2, Nebraska Pick 5, Pick 3, and MyDaY. The minimum age to purchase Nebraska Lottery tickets is 19. Elsewhere in the United States, the minimum age to buy lottery tickets is either 18 or 21.
Except for Powerball, whose winning numbers are drawn with numbered balls in Tallahassee, Florida, and Mega Millions in Atlanta, Georgia, Nebraska Lottery games are drawn by a random number generator (RNG). (Mega Millions uses an RNG to determine its *Megaplier*.) The keno games available in Nebraska are municipal lotteries; these predate the Nebraska Lottery.
## Draw games {#draw_games}
### Multi-jurisdictional games {#multi_jurisdictional_games}
#### 2by2
2by2, also played in Kansas and North Dakota, is drawn nightly. Two red numbers and two white numbers (each 1 through 26) are drawn. Games are \$1; there are seven ways to win. Matching all four numbers wins \$22,000; it is doubled if won on a Tuesday, and the ticket was bought for seven consecutive draws.
#### Mega Millions {#mega_millions}
In 1996, six lotteries began *The Big Game*; it became Mega Millions in 2002. In January 2010, Mega Millions and Powerball became available to lotteries which had **either** game. Mega Millions became available in Nebraska on March 20, 2010.
Mega Millions is drawn Tuesdays and Fridays; its jackpots begin at \$40 million and continues to grow by at least \$5 million each drawing until it is won.
#### Powerball
Nebraska joined Powerball in 1994. Powerball jackpots begin at \$40 million and continues to grow by at least \$10 million each drawing until it is won; it is drawn on Mondays Wednesdays and Saturdays.
The then-largest lottery prize in American history for a single set of numbers was on a Nebraska ticket for Powerball in a 2006 drawing. The entire \$365 million was shared by eight people, who chose the cash option.
#### Lucky for Life {#lucky_for_life}
The Connecticut Lottery, in 2009, began an in-house game called *Lucky-4-Life*. After several format changes, the game became quasi-national in 2015. As of 2019, Lucky for Life is available in 25 states and the District of Columbia.
The Nebraska Lottery began offering Lucky for Life on August 20, 2017.
### Lotto America {#lotto_america}
On May 19, 2024, the Nebraska Lottery joined the multi state Lotto America game. The game draws 5 main numbers from 1 to 52 and 1 star ball number from 1 to 10. The game offers a jackpot that starts at \$2,000,000 and grows from there in today's version. The game costs \$1 per game just like its predecessor from the late 1980s. There are 9 ways to win. Drawings are held on Mondays Wednesdays and Saturdays.
### In-house games {#in_house_games}
#### Pick 3 {#pick_3}
Pick 3 began in 2004 and is drawn daily. Play styles and prizes vary. The maximum prize available is \$600.
#### MyDaY
MyDaY also has daily draws. Players pick a number representing a month, a number 1 through 28, 29, 30, or 31 for a day in that month, and the last two digits of a year. Games are \$1 each; top prize is \$5,000.
#### Nebraska Pick 5 {#nebraska_pick_5}
Nebraska Pick 5 draws daily. Players choose five numbers 1 through 40, making odds of winning the jackpot 1:658,008. Each play is \$1. Its jackpot begins at \$50,000 and groqws by \$10,000 eachday the jacpot is not won. Smaller prizes of \$500, \$9, and a free Pick 5 ticket are also winnable, for tickets matching four, three, or two numbers respectively.
## Former games {#former_games}
Nebraska was part of the MUSL game *Wild Card* when it began in 1998. The game\'s format changed in May 1999, becoming Wild Card 2; simultaneously, Nebraska pulled out. Wild Card 2 remained available in Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota until 2016
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# North American Soccer Football League
The **North American Soccer Football League**, also known as the **North American Football League**, was a soccer league that operated for two seasons, 1946 and 1947.
Fred Weiszmann was the league founder and first president in 1946 while Leslie O\'Connor was the president in 1947 (as elected in December 1946).
Financial problems reduced the league to five teams in September 1947. The Maroons and Vikings of Chicago were replaced with the Chicago Tornadoes. The remaining teams were the St. Louis Raiders, Pittsburgh Indians, Toronto Greenbacks, and Detroit Pioneers. The Tornadoes were a combination of the best players from the old Vikings and Maroons.
## 1946 season
The 1946 season featured a 20-match schedule from 7 June to 1 September, with all five teams playing eight matches each. The Detroit Wolverines clinched the title on 24 August after rivals Toronto lost their second-last match of the season. Toronto won their last game of the season over Detroit on 25 August, but still finished one point back in the standings. Detroit and Toronto were then scheduled to meet in a two-match playoff, with Toronto winning the first match on 21 September. Detroit claimed that they did not want to complete the series as they had already won the league\'s championship.
## 1947 season {#season_1}
The 1947 season featured a 30-match schedule from 6 April to 30 August, with all six teams scheduled to play 10 matches each. The champion Detroit Wolverines had dropped out of the league, while both the Detroit Pioneers and St. Louis Raiders were added to the league. The Pittsburgh Indians and Toronto Greenbacks finished tied for first place with 14 points each, thus requiring a two-match playoff to decide a champion. The two matches were played in October (after the Fall Season had started), with Pittsburgh winning both matches to claim the championship.
## 1947 Fall season {#fall_season}
After league meetings in July, the 1947 Fall season was scheduled to feature seven teams with the return of the Detroit Wolverines. The league decided against adding a team from Cleveland. By the time the season started in September, however, the revised schedule featured just four teams (without the Wolverines, Chicago Maroons, and Chicago Vikings). A fifth team, the new Chicago Tornadoes, was set to replace the two Chicago teams. Despite all the schedule revisions, only three teams were in action from 6 September to 4 October: Pittsburgh Indians, St. Louis Raiders, and Toronto Greenbacks.
## Champions
- 1946 season: Detroit Wolverines
- 1947 season: Pittsburgh Indians
## Teams from 1946 to 1947 {#teams_from_1946_to_1947}
- Chicago Maroons (1946, 1947)
- Chicago Vikings (1946, 1947)
- Detroit Pioneers (1947)
- Detroit Wolverines (1946)
- Morgan Strassers / Pittsburgh Indians (1946, 1947)
- St
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# Irvin Pelletier
**Irvin Pelletier** (born May 28, 1946 in Sayabec, Quebec) is a Quebec politician and notary. He was the Member of National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Rimouski for the Parti Québécois.
Pelletier went to Université Laval and received a bachelor\'s degree in pedagogy. He also attended the Université de Sherbrooke and obtained a master\'s degree in commercial sciences. He then became a notary for nearly 30 years and also a lecturer at Université du Québec à Rimouski where he was also an administration member. He was also involved in United Way campaign in the Bas-Saint-Laurent and the Rimouski Chamber of Commerce.
Pelletier was elected in 2007 in Rimouski, succeeding former PQ MNA Solange Charest. He was later named on April 25, 2007 the PQ critic in regional economic development and maritime affairs. After the departure of Rosaire Bertrand from politics, he was named the critic for financial institutions.
On April 11, 2008, Pelletier created controversy at a provincial Public Finance Committee when he suggested that Vincent Lacroix, who was involved in a major financial scandal in 2005 and serving a 12-year prison sentence for fraud, should return to business. He quickly withdrew his comments following vivid reactions from other politicians
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# Phenomenal Smith
**John Francis** \"**Phenomenal**\" **Smith** (December 12, 1864 -- April 3, 1952), born as **John Francis Gammon**, was an American professional baseball player and player-manager from 1884 to 1905. He played eight seasons in Major League Baseball, principally as a pitcher, for six different clubs.
In his eight seasons in the major leagues, Smith appeared as a pitcher in 140 games and compiled a 54--74 (.422) win--loss record with a 3.89 earned run average (ERA) and 519 strikeouts. He saw his most extensive playing time with the Baltimore Orioles of the American Association, compiling a 41--50 win--loss record during the 1887 and 1888 seasons.
Smith later served as a player-manager in the minor leagues from the early 1890s through 1905. He was credited with discovering Christy Mathewson in 1899 and developing him into an outstanding pitcher during the 1900 season.
## Early years {#early_years}
Smith was born in Manayunk, now a neighborhood in northwest Philadelphia, in 1864.
## Professional baseball player {#professional_baseball_player}
### 1883 to 1886 seasons {#to_1886_seasons}
Smith began his professional baseball career at age 18 playing for the Baltimore club in the National Association in 1883. In 1884, he played one game as pitcher for the Philadelphia Athletics and another for the Pittsburgh Alleghenys. He compiled an 0--2 win--loss record and a 6.35 earned run average (ERA) in his first season in the major leagues.
Smith spent most of the 1885 and 1886 seasons playing with the Newark Little Giants of the Eastern League. He appeared in 20 games as a pitcher for Newark in 1885 and struck out 214 batters. As of 1921, the only pitchers to have attained an average of 10 strikeouts per game were Smith (1885), Baseball Hall of Fame inductee John Clarkson (418 strikeouts in 41 games in his first minor league season) and Eddie Knuff (390 strikeouts in 39 games for Memphis, 1886). He reportedly received the nickname \"Phenomenal\" after pitching a no-hitter against Baltimore on October 3, 1885. Only two batters reached base, one on an error and one on a base on balls, and Smith picked off both runners at first base.
In 1886, Smith appeared in 33 games as a pitcher for Newark. He threw 33 complete games and compiled a 22--10 record with a 0.74 ERA.
Smith also played briefly during the 1885 and 1886 seasons for the Brooklyn Grays (one game, 1885), Philadelphia Athletics (one game, 1885), and Detroit Wolverines (three games, 1886). In his five major league games during the 1885 and 1886 seasons, Smith compiled a 1--3 record with a 5.11 ERA.
In his first and only game for Brooklyn, on June 17, 1885, Smith\'s teammates were reported to have intentionally committed 14 errors to punish Smith for his perceived brash and cocky demeanor. Brooklyn lost the game, 18--5. All 18 were initially scored as unearned‚ but record books indicate that 11 of the runs were earned. He reportedly claimed that he was so good that he did not need his teammates to win. The intentional misplays of his teammates caused club President Lynch to fine the guilty players \$500 each‚ but he instead released Smith \"to ensure team harmony.\"
### Baltimore
Smith saw his most extensive playing time in the major leagues with the Baltimore Orioles during the 1887 and 1888 seasons. In 1887, Smith appeared in 58 games as a pitcher for Baltimore, including 55 as a starter. He threw 54 complete games and pitched 491`{{fraction|1|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings, compiling a record of 25--30 with a 3.79 ERA and 206 strikeouts. The next year, he appeared in 35 games as a pitcher, 32 as a starter, pitched 31 complete games and 314 innings for the Orioles. He compiled a record of 14--19 with a 3.61 ERA.
### Philadelphia and Pittsburgh {#philadelphia_and_pittsburgh}
In early October 1888, the Philadelphia Athletics purchased Smith from the Baltimore Orioles for \$1000 or \$1500. He pitched three games for the Athletics at the end of the 1888 season, compiling a 2--1 record and a 2.86 ERA. In the first half of the 1889 season, he went 2--3 with a 4.40 ERA for the Athletics. In early June 1889, Smith was released by the Athletics. He finished the 1889 season playing for Hartford in the Atlantic Association.
Smith played in the National League in 1890 for the Philadelphia Phillies and Pittsburgh Alleghenys. He compiled a 9--15 record and a 4.06 ERA in 29 games as pitcher.
At the start of the 1891 season, Smith was released by Pittsburgh and re-signed by the Phillies. Smith appeared in three games as pitcher for the 1891 Phillies and compiled a 1--1 record with a 4.26 ERA. He appeared in his last major league game on June 15, 1891, at age 26.
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# Phenomenal Smith
## Professional baseball player {#professional_baseball_player}
### Minor leagues {#minor_leagues}
Although his major league career ended in July 1891, Smith continued to play and manage in the minor leagues for another 15 years. His minor league career included stints with at least 12 different clubs, including the Milwaukee Brewers (1891), Green Bay Bays (1892), Reading Actives (1893), Pottsville Colts (1894--1895), Millville (1895), Pawtucket Phenoms (1896--1897), Fall River Indians (1898), Newark Colts (1898), Hartford Cooperatives (1898), Portland Phenoms (1899), and Norfolk Phenoms (1900).
Smith was a player-manager for most of his minor league career, and he led Pottsville to the Pennsylvania League pennant in 1894 and Norfolk to a Virginia League pennant in 1900.
While working as a minor league player-manager, Smith has been credited with discovering Baseball Hall of Fame inductee, Christy Mathewson. Smith met and played against Matthewson in 1899 while Matthewson was still attending Bucknell and pitching for the Taunton Herrings. The 19-year-old Mathewson compiled a 2--13 record for Taunton in 1899, but Smith saw potential. Smith signed Matthewson to play for his Norfolk Phenoms team for \$90 a month, and under Smith\'s guidance, Matthewson compiled a 21--2 record and 0.74 ERA in 1900 and was promoted to the major leagues before the end of the season.
Smith spent the last five years of his baseball career as a player-manager for the Manchester, New Hampshire baseball club from 1901 to 1905. At age 36, he won the 1901 New England League batting title with a .363 batting average in 284 at bats. Smith remained in Manchester for the rest of his life.
## Family and later years {#family_and_later_years}
John Smith was married twice. The first time he married Margaret Cowan in 1884. They had two daughters, Isabel Smith Warnick, and Elsie Smith Macfarland. Margaret Cowan was from Scotland but her parents were born in Ireland. John was married to Hannah M. Smith in approximately 1900. They had at least ten children: Anna (born c. 1902), George (born c. 1903), John (born c. 1905), Charles (born c. 1907), Walter (born 1909), Agnes (born c. 1911), Mary (born c. 1913), James (born c. 1916), Florence (born c. 1920), and Margaret (born c. 1922).
After retiring from baseball, Smith became a member of the Manchester, New Hampshire police department. He served in that capacity from approximately 1904 to 1932. He also coached the basketball team at Saint Anselm College in Goffstown, New Hampshire, for seven seasons between 1909 and 1932. In 1952, he died at a hospital in Manchester at age of 87. He was buried at St. Joseph Cemetery in Bedford, New Hampshire
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# Langenzersdorf
**Langenzersdorf** (`{{IPA|de|laŋˈʔɛnt͡sɐsdɔʁf|-|De-Langenzersdorf.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a town in the district of Korneuburg in Lower Austria, Austria, with a population of 8,153 (as of January 1, 2024)
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# Joris Vercammen
**Joris August Odilius Ludovicus Vercammen** (born 14 October 1952) is a Dutch priest who served as the Old Catholic Archbishop of Utrecht of the Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands from 1 July 2000 to 11 January 2020.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Vercammen was born in Lier, Belgium, in 1952. In 1979, he was ordained a priest for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Antwerp. In 1988, he left the Roman Catholic Church and was received into the Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands.
Vercammen was serving as rector of the Old Catholic seminary when clergy and laity of the archdiocese elected him as the 83rd Archbishop of Utrecht. He was consecrated on 1 July 2000 at St. Martin\'s Cathedral, Utrecht, once the see of Willibrord and his successors, but in the hands of the Dutch Reformed Church since 1580. In 2006, the ninth Assembly of the World Council of Churches in Porto Alegre made Vercammen a member of its central committee. On 19 September 2019, Vercammen announced that he would resign as Archbishop of Utrecht effective 11 January 2020.
Vercammen is married and has three children
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# Moses Belmonte
**Moses Belmonte** (1619 -- 29 May 1647 in Amsterdam) was a poet and translator, the eighth child of Jacob Belmonte, also known as Jacob Israel Belmonte. He was a pupil of Saul Levi Morteira, whose sermons (*Gib\'at Sha\'ul*, 1645) he edited together with Benjamin Diaz. His poem \"Argumenta Contra os Noserim\" has been reprinted by De Castro in his *Keur van Grafsteenen*. Belmonte translated the *Song of Songs* into Spanish. It was published in Hebrew characters in several editions of the Bible printed at Venice; then in Amsterdam, 1644, under the title *Paraphrasis Caldaica en los Cantares de Selomo con el Texto; Traduzida en Lengua Española*. He also translated the *Pirqe Abot* into Spanish (*Perakym*, Amsterdam, 1644).
Belmonte founded the Gemilut Chasadim society in 1639.
His brother was the engraver Benjamin Senior Godines
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# James W. Ross
**James W. Ross**, CM (born September 6, 1938) is a Canadian businessman and former Canadian senator.
Ross was one of eight senators appointed directly by the Queen on the advice of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney under Section 26 of the Constitution Act, 1867 to pass the Goods and Services Tax. The measure faced defeat in the Liberal-dominated Senate. So, Mulroney utilized a previously unused constitutional provision that would allow him to temporarily expand the size of the upper house by a total of eight senators (two per region) in order to ensure he had enough votes to enact the GST into law.
A businessman by trade, Ross resigned from the Senate in May 1993, after only 972 days, to return to public life. At the age of 55, he was entitled to remain in the Senate for a further 20 years before being forced to retire.
Ross remains active in Fredericton, New Brunswick, as a philanthropist and businessman. In 1994, he founded Partners For Youth Inc., a non-profit organization built on a community partnership model that uses adventure-based counseling to help young people.[1](http://alumni.unb.ca/awards/2005awards.html)
While most senators sit as representatives of a province or territory, Ross and the seven other senators appointed under Section 26 represented regions. Hence, Ross and Michael Forrestall sat as senators representing the Maritimes rather than a particular province.
In 1999, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada
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# Ohio Lottery
The **Ohio Lottery** is a state lottery run by the Ohio Lottery Commission. Its games consist of scratch tickets; Pick 3, Pick 4, Pick 5 (\"numbers games\"); Rolling Cash 5, Classic Lotto, Keno, Lucky for Life, Mega Millions, and Powerball.
The Lottery\'s current interim director is Michelle Gillcrist, who was appointed by Governor Mike DeWine on April 12, 2023; previous directors include Pat McDonald, Mike Dolan, Tom Hayes, and Dennis Berg.
In April 2023, former Ohio Lottery executive director Pat McDonald denied claims of harassment days before he resigned for medical reasons.
As with most U.S. lotteries, Ohio Lottery players must be 18 or older. All Ohio Lottery drawings are observed by a representative of the Auditor State, Thomas E. Ferguson.
## History
In 1971, State Senator Ronald M. Mottl began a campaign to begin a lottery in Ohio. In 1973, the creation of the Ohio Lottery Commission was approved by voters; the Lottery began in August 1974 with the game *Buckeye 300*. Its first online game, *The Number* (now \"Pick 3\"), began in 1979.
In July 1983, the Ohio General Assembly began earmarking Lottery profits for education. It was made permanent in 1987 when voters approved a constitutional amendment to make Lottery profits a supplement revenue stream for education. As of 2020, the Ohio Lottery has contributed more than \$26 billion to education beginning in 1974.
## Governance
The Ohio Lottery is run by the Ohio Lottery Commission. The Ohio Lottery Commission is made up of a Director and nine members appointed by the Governor of Ohio. The Director of the Lottery reports directly to the Governor.
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# Ohio Lottery
## Current draw games {#current_draw_games}
### In-house draw games {#in_house_draw_games}
#### Pick 3 {#pick_3}
On December 3, 1979, *The Number* became the first Ohio online game where players could choose their number(s). On August 16, 1999, Pick 3 expanded to twice-daily draws. Sunday drawings were added on May 20, 2007.
#### Pick 4 {#pick_4}
On April 9, 1981, Pick 4 was added; it began as a once-a-week game, gradually expanding to twice-daily drawings as well.
#### Pick 5 {#pick_5}
On August 12, 2012, Pick 5 was added; it is played twice daily in conjunction with the other \"numbers\" games. The game is played much like Pennsylvania\'s game of the same name in that *Pick 5* has straight and box wagers.
#### Rolling Cash 5 {#rolling_cash_5}
On October 4, 2004, Rolling Cash 5 replaced *Buckeye 5*. The 5-of-5 prize in *Buckeye 5* was changed to a jackpot that begins at \$100,000. Since May 20, 2007, Rolling Cash 5 has been drawn nightly. The game draws 5 numbers from 1 to 39. Players who match the numbers drawn with the numbers on their Rolling Cash 5 tickets win or share the jackpot. Players who match 2, 3, or 4 of the winning numbers drawn out of the numbers chosen will also win a prize.
#### Classic Lotto {#classic_lotto}
The game began on January 22, 2007; it replaced *Lot \'O Play*, a bingo-style game. Classic Lotto is drawn Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays. Jackpots begin at \$1 million and rolls based on sales of the game, with a guaranteed increase of \$100,000; players pick 6 numbers from 1 to 49 for each game; games cost \$1 each. Unlike Mega Millions and Powerball (see below), each using a \"floating percentage\" of their annuity for the two games\' cash options, the Ohio-only game fixes the cash-value ratio of the annuity at 50%. On April 29, 2012, *The Kicker*, once retired, became an option for Classic Lotto players (see below.)
#### The Kicker (add-on to Classic Lotto) {#the_kicker_add_on_to_classic_lotto}
In April 1988, *The Kicker* add-on game began, as an option for *Super Lotto*. A six-digit number was added to all *Super Lotto* tickets, whether or not *The Kicker* was \"activated.\" When *Super Lotto* became *Super Lotto Plus* in July 2000, *The Kicker* was added to *SLP*.
When *SLP* ended in October 2005, *The Kicker* became an add-on for Mega Millions, but **only within Ohio**. This \"relationship\" lasted until mid-January 2011, when Ohio ended the add-on in favor of making the *Megaplier* available to Mega Millions players within Ohio (the *Megaplier* technically not an add-on, as it is not a \"separate game\"); the *Megaplier* began as a Texas-only option.
In April 2012, *The Kicker* was revived and became an add-on for Classic Lotto. A Classic Lotto play with *The Kicker* costs \$1. An exact match in *The Kicker* wins \$100,000; other prizes are available by matching the first 2, 3, 4, or 5 digits.
#### Keno
Keno is played at Ohio Lottery retailers that have a monitor. Keno was initially limited to retailers which have a liquor license *allowing consumption of alcoholic beverages on the premises*, thus making it available mostly in restaurants and bars. *Keno to Go* was added on April 9, 2012, which allows players to buy tickets at any Ohio Lottery retailer. Drawings are four minutes apart. Minimum play is \$1.
#### Ohio Vax-A-Million {#ohio_vax_a_million}
Although not officially a true lottery, the Ohio Vax-A-Million drawings were administered by the Ohio Lottery.
### Multi-jurisdictional games {#multi_jurisdictional_games}
#### Lucky for Life {#lucky_for_life}
In 2009, the Connecticut Lottery began *Lucky4Life*, a draw game which featured a \"lifetime\" top prize. Numerous changes include a new name *Lucky for Life*, an extra number to be matched, expansion to 16 states and the District of Columbia (as of November 15, 2015 with Ohio joining), two lifetime prize tiers, and a cash option in lieu of a lifetime prize. Games are \$2 each. The Top prize is \$1,000 a day for life; second prize is \$25,000 a year for life.
#### Mega Millions {#mega_millions}
On September 6, 1996, six lotteries began a jackpot game then known as *The Big Game*. On May 15, 2002, the multi-jurisdictional game, which temporarily became *The Big Game Mega Millions*, was added to the Ohio Lottery; Mega Millions\' first drawing which included Ohio-bought tickets was two days later. The add-on game *The Kicker* (see above) was \"transferred\" from Super Lotto Plus to Mega Millions in 2005; Ohio ended *The Kicker* when the *Megaplier* (which began as a Texas-only option) was available to Ohio players of Mega Millions in 2011.
Mega Millions\' starting jackpot is \$40 million, paid in 30 graduated installments; a cash option is available.
#### Powerball
Powerball began in 1992. On October 13, 2009, the Mega Millions consortium and the Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL) reached an agreement in principle to cross-sell Mega Millions and Powerball in US lottery jurisdictions. Both games added members on January 31, 2010; although Ohio, already with Mega Millions, did not add Powerball until April 16, 2010. The first Powerball drawing including Ohio was the following night.
A ticket bought in Ohio for the June 2, 2010, Powerball drawing became its first potential Powerball jackpot winner; it is the first time a lottery selling **either** Mega Millions *or* Powerball (**but not both**) on January 31, 2010 sold a jackpot-winning ticket for its newer game after the cross-selling expansion date. The ticket was worth \$261.6 million (annuity).
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# Ohio Lottery
## Retired draw games {#retired_draw_games}
### Ohio Lotto {#ohio_lotto}
On April 9, 1983, Ohio Lotto 6/40 was added; it was drawn Saturdays. Jackpots began at \$250,000. On November 19, 1983, the starting jackpot was increased to \$1 million. On October 3, 1984, Wednesday drawings were added; after February 12, 1986, the game returned to Saturdays only. Its final drawing was on April 18, 1987.
### Super Lotto {#super_lotto}
On February 19, 1986, Super Lotto 6/44 was added and was drawn Wednesdays; it replaced the 6/40 Wednesday drawings. On April 25, 1987, the 6/44 added Saturdays, replacing the 6/40 altogether. Players of the 6/44 paid \$1 per game; its jackpots began at \$5 million. The base jackpot was reduced to \$3 million when twice-a-week draws resumed. On April 30, 1988, *The Kicker* (see above) began as an add-on, initially to the 6/44. On October 6, 1990, the 6/44 was changed to a 6/53 matrix (with two plays for \$1), with the jackpot again starting at \$5 million. Months later, the 6/53 was retired; in its place was the 6/47 (one play for \$1), with the jackpots now starting at \$4 million. The final 6/47 drawing was July 8, 2000.
### Cards
Played in a similar fashion as most US \"pick-4\" drawing games, except players had to match one playing card(2 through Ace) in each of the four suits.
### Buckeye 5 {#buckeye_5}
On May 5, 1992, Buckeye 5 was added; it was originally drawn on Tuesday and Friday nights. Buckeye 5\'s top prize was \$100,000. On July 1, 1993, Buckeye 5 was expanded to Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays; on April 1, 2002, Buckeye 5 became a Monday-through-Saturday game. Buckeye 5\'s last drawing was on October 2, 2004; it was replaced with Rolling Cash 5.
### Super Lotto Plus {#super_lotto_plus}
On July 15, 2000, *SLP* was introduced, replacing the 6/47. *SLP* was a 6/49 game that also drew a \"bonus ball.\" *The Kicker* became an add-on to *SLP*. The jackpots again began at \$4 million. *SLP\'s* last drawing was October 8, 2005, with *The Kicker* becoming Mega Millions\' add-on game.
### Lot \'O Play {#lot_o_play}
On October 12, 2005, *Lot \'O Play* held its first drawing. It was a 5/100 bingo-style game with base jackpots of \$1 million. *Lot O\'Play\'s* last drawing was on January 20, 2007, after which it was replaced by Classic Lotto.
### Ten-OH! {#ten_oh}
Ohio added a twice-daily game on August 5, 2007, called **Ten-OH!**, which was a Keno-like game; the first Ohio Lottery game in which the drawings were computerized. (As a result, the Ten-OH! drawings were not televised.) The top prize of \$500,000 was won by matching 10 of the 20 numbers drawn.
On August 11, 2012, 10-OH! had its final drawing. It was replaced by *Pick 5* the following day. The popularity of Ten-OH! was hampered by the addition of Keno to bars and restaurants in 2008, which made the game somewhat redundant. The addition of *Keno to Go* in 2012 made it further redundant.
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# Ohio Lottery
## Cash Explosion (C.E) {#cash_explosion_c.e}
The *Cash Explosion* game show returned in October 2007, replacing *Make Me Famous, Make Me Rich* (which itself had replaced *Cash Explosion Double Play* a year earlier). In September 2017, the show is alternatively named "C.E." It is the only lottery game show in the United States
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# Girlguiding North East England
**Girlguiding North East England** is one of the nine Regions and Countries of Girlguiding UK. The regional office is in Huntington, near York.
## Counties
Girlguiding North East England is subdivided into 17 Girlguiding UK Counties. These do not correspond to the counties defined by the British government.
- Cleveland
- Durham North
- Durham South
- East Yorkshire
- Leeds
- Lincolnshire North
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- North Tyneside
- North Yorkshire North East
- North Yorkshire South
- North Yorkshire West
- Northumberland
- Sheffield
- South Yorkshire
- West Yorkshire North
- West Yorkshire South
- West Yorkshire West
## The \'Spirit of Guiding\' {#the_spirit_of_guiding}
The \'Spirit of Guiding\' is the region\'s narrowboat. It is based on the Rochdale Canal at Todmorden and is hired out to Guide and Senior Section groups.
## South Yorkshire Guide House {#south_yorkshire_guide_house}
South Yorkshire Guide House is located in the Scout Association\'s Hesley Wood Outdoor Activities Centre. It provides accommodation and an indoor area for activities.
## Whiteley Woods Outdoor Activity Centre {#whiteley_woods_outdoor_activity_centre}
Whiteley Woods Outdoor Activity Centre is located 3 miles South West of Sheffield city centre, just off the main road to Ringinglow. (Grid Ref. 307846 SK 2838 OS Number 110)
There are five campsites with wet weather shelters, two buildings for holidays offering accommodation for 24 and 31 people, including many disability-friendly features, a large barn with an open fireplace and a notice board to display charts etc., a meeting room for 12--15 people and a camp shop. A variety of activities, including Archery; Back Woods Cooking; Camping; Canoeing; Chess; Climbing Wall; Draughts; Games Chest; Games Equipment; Grass Sledding; Holidays; Hopscotch; Noughts and Crosses; Orienteering; Parachute Games; Picnicking; Pioneering; Pond Dipping; Quizzes; Trails and Treasure Hunts; Adventure Course; All Weather Table Tennis, are available.
## Montserrat
An eruption of Mount Soufrière in 1997 destroyed the Guide Headquarters on Montserrat. It had been open less than ten years. In 2007, the rebuilding of Headquarters began using money raised by Guides in the North East region
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# Journal of Approximation Theory
The ***Journal of Approximation Theory*** is \"devoted to advances in pure and applied approximation theory and related areas
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# Shuckburgh baronets
The **Shuckburgh Baronetcy**, of Shuckburgh in the County of Warwick, is a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 25 June 1660 for John Shuckburgh, the eldest son of Sir Richard Shuckburgh, (1594--1656) Member of Parliament for Warwickshire and a supporter of the Royalist cause in the Civil War, who was knighted before the Battle of Edgehill by Charles I.
His son was raised to the baronetcy on the Restoration of Charles II of England. His son, the second Baronet, was High Sheriff of Warwickshire in 1687 and sat as Member of Parliament for Warwickshire 1698--1705. The fifth also served as High Sheriff in 1769. He was succeeded by his son, the sixth Baronet in 1773. He was a politician, mathematician and astronomer. He assumed the additional surname of Evelyn because his second wife Julia Annabella was a distant relative of the diarist John Evelyn, whose closer line of inheritance had died out. However, as he was succeeded by his younger brother, the surname Evelyn was not retained by any of his successors. The eleventh Baronet also served as High Sheriff of Warwickshire in 1921. As of 2014 the title is held by the fourteenth Baronet, who succeeded his father in 2012.
Basil Shuckburgh, younger son of the eleventh Baronet, a Lieutenant in the King\'s Royal Rifle Corps, was killed in action in Crete in 1941. He served as a Major in the 11th City of London Yeomanry and was a Justice of the Peace for Warwickshire. The Shuckburgh family take their name from the Warwickshire village in which they settled in the 12th century. In the female line ancestors include William I and Adam de Napton from Lucia (Lucy) de Beauchamp (the daughter of Guy de Beauchamp 10th earl of Warwick) who married Robert de Napton, Knt. who was the son of Sir Adam Napton. Lucia and Sir Robert had a son Adam Napton; he married Margaret Helier
The family seat is Shuckburgh Hall at Lower Shuckburgh, Warwickshire.
## Shuckburgh baronets, of Shuckburgh, Warwickshire (1660) {#shuckburgh_baronets_of_shuckburgh_warwickshire_1660}
- Sir John Shuckburgh, 1st Baronet (1635--1661)
- Sir Charles Shuckburgh, 2nd Baronet (1659--1705)
- Sir John Shuckburgh, 3rd Baronet (1683--1724)
- Sir Stewkley Shuckburgh, 4th Baronet (1711--1759)
- Sir Charles Shuckburgh, 5th Baronet (1722--1773)
- Sir George Shuckburgh-Evelyn, 6th Baronet (c. 1752--1804)
- Sir Stewkley Shuckburgh, 7th Baronet (c. 1760--1809)
- Sir Francis Shuckburgh, 8th Baronet (1789--1876)
- Sir George Thomas Francis Shuckburgh, 9th Baronet (1829--1884)
- Sir Stewkley Frederick Draycott Shuckburgh, 10th Baronet (1880--1917)
- Sir Gerald Francis Stewkley Shuckburgh, 11th Baronet (1882--1939).
- Sir Charles Gerald Stewkley Shuckburgh, 12th Baronet (1911--1988)
- Sir Rupert Charles Gerald Shuckburgh, 13th Baronet (1949--2012)
- Sir James Rupert Charles Shuckburgh, 14th Baronet (born 1978)
The heir presumptive is the present holder\'s brother Peter Gerald William Shuckburgh (born 1982)
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# Grand Large
The **Grand Large** is an artificial lake in Wallonia, not far from the city of Mons in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. The lake is situated along the highway E19 between Paris and Brussels. Its marina can host 157 boats. The lake is linked to two canals: to the east, the Nimy-Blaton-Péronnes Canal, to the west the Canal du Centre
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# Rö runestone
The **Rö runestone**, designated under Rundata as **Bo KJ73 U**, is one of Sweden\'s oldest and most notable runestones.
## Description
The Rö runestone was discovered in 1919 at the farm Rö on the island of Otterö, north of the fishing village Grebbestad in Bohuslän. At that time, it was erected near the location where it was found, but currently resides in the Swedish History Museum in Stockholm.
The stone is made of granite and it is 2 metres tall and more than 1.2 metres wide. The inscription was made on a flat surface, unfortunately damaged due to flaking, and runs in four parallel rows from top to bottom. Using the elder futhark, the runes are composed in Proto-Norse exhibiting preserved declensions and intermediate vowels that would ultimately be lost when the language transitioned into Old Norse. The form of the runes suggests that the inscription dates from the early 5th century and is consequently the longest inscription from a period earlier than the 7th century.
Because the location where this runestone stood is adjacent to an ancient sailing route, it is possible that the inscription was made by visitors and not by locals.
The name Stainawarijaz in the text means \"Stone Guard\" or \"Keeper of Stones\". In addition, the word *fahido*, often translated as \"carved\" or \"inscribed\", actually means \"painted\". Many runestones had their inscriptions painted, although there is no direct evidence that the Rö runestone was painted other than the use of this word.
## Inscription
### Transcription of the runes {#transcription_of_the_runes}
: ek hra(z)az/hra(þ)az satido -tain ¶ ana\-\-\--(r) ¶ swabaharjaz ¶ s-irawidaz ¶ \... stainawarijaz fahido
### Transliteration
: Ek Hrazaz/Hraþaz satido \[s\]tain\[a\] \... Swabaharjaz s\[a\]irawidaz. \... Stainawarijaz fahido.
### Translation
: I, Hrazaz/Hraþaz raised the stone \... Suebian warrior with wide wounds. \... Stainawarijaz carved
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# William Stewart (bishop of Aberdeen)
**William Stewart** (c. 1490--1545) was a late medieval Scottish prelate. Born around 1490 in Glasgow, he was the son of Thomas Stewart of Minto. Details about his early life are obscure, but it is known that he attended the University of Glasgow before travelling to continental Europe to study theology and canon law. The first benefice he held was the parsonage of Lochmaben, which he was in possession of by July 1528. In the same year he became rector of Ayr, while he had received crown presentation as Provost of Lincluden Collegiate Church in July 1529, a post he would hold along with his new position as Lord High Treasurer of Scotland.
In 1530 he received a crown presentation to Pope Clement VII for the deanery of Glasgow, a position he held until on 22 March 1532, when he was nominated by King James V of Scotland to succeed Gavin Dunbar as Bishop of Aberdeen. Stewart was consecrated as Bishop of Aberdeen in either March or April 1533. Stewart was an active and important servant of the Scottish king. He led the diplomatic expedition to England which, on 11 May 1534, agreed a peace treaty between James V and King Henry VIII of England. He was sent to France in 1536, where he helped draw up the contract for his king\'s marriage to Mary of Guise. He went on a further mission to England in December 1541.
As Bishop of Aberdeen, he strongly resisted the emerging protestant heresies, attending condemnations in 1534 and 1540. Bishop Stewart laid down a new series of constitutions for his clergy, constitutions resembling and reinforcing similar such measures previously enacted by Bishop Elphinstone. He completed building work on King\'s College, Aberdeen, including a new library and sacristy, as well as two new schools for his diocese. Bishop Stewart died at Aberdeen on 10 April 1545, and was buried in the south transept of Aberdeen Cathedral
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# The Sentinel (Rockhurst University)
***The Rockhurst Sentinel*** (or ***The Sentinel***) is the official student newspaper of Rockhurst University in Kansas City, Missouri. *The Sentinel* has been published at Rockhurst since 1917. For a brief period during the 1990s, *The Sentinel* was called *The Hawk* before it changed its name back to *The Sentinel* in 2001.
The Editorial staff is run by the students of Rockhurst. Although there is a faculty adviser, the students make all decisions regarding the content and direction of the paper. The Sentinel focuses heavily on events around the Rockhurst campus. The content is specifically geared towards the student body and usually includes campus news, commentary, features, and humor pieces. Two of the more popular features among the students are the Security Report and \"Mockhurst,\" which depicts student life through characters based on the university mascot, the Hawk.
Mockhurst was created by then editor Matt Nickson and staff contributor Sal Avitia. The strip gained attention from students, as well as administrators, in the wake of unpopular restrictions often mocked in the strip; including the use of hot tubs on campus and alcohol usage by student residents 21 and over. The strip used characters such as Dr.Mark Slow, representing Dr. Matt Quick and Ms. Kate Wolf, representing director of housing, Ms. Kim Bear.
The Sentinel is published around every two weeks in print and online [1](http://www.rockhurstsentinel.com). Some more recent editions of The Sentinel can be found online in the archives
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# Jerry Riggs
**Jerry Riggs** is an American rock guitarist and vocalist.
## Biography
Riggs began his musical career as lead guitarist for the Knoxville, Tennessee group Lynx, a bar band in the mid-1970s. The band, featuring Michael Byassee on vocals, soon relocated to Atlanta. There musician Don Train (\"Stormtrooper\") recruited Riggs and fellow guitarist Jeremy Graf to join his group \"Raggedy Ann\". The band recorded a series of demos at Last Stand Studios in 1978. By 1979, the band was being courted by major producers and new demo tapes were cut in Lookout Mountain, Tennessee resulting in new management and recording deals.
When Don Train elected to leave the group and returned to Philadelphia in 1980, Jerry Riggs replaced him as frontman, and the band became known as Riggs. Two of the band\'s songs, \"Radar Rider\" and \"Heartbeat\", appear in the 1981 animated feature film *Heavy Metal*. The songs were performed by Jerry Riggs, Jeremy Graf, Dave Ridarick, and Steve Carlisle. The songs were also included on the movie\'s soundtrack release. Riggs\' self-titled debut album on the Full Moon label was released shortly after that but failed to make much of an impact on the music scene. One song, \"Ready Or Not\", was a minor hit, but the album otherwise went unnoticed, and the band split up.
Riggs began working with Canadian rocker Pat Travers in 1983, and joined the Pat Travers Band as a co-lead guitarist. At the time Riggs joined, Travers was at the end of his most successful period in recording and touring. The band became a staple on North American nightclub circuits during the latter half of the 1980s and constantly toured. At headlining shows, Riggs performed at least one of his original songs, and \"Ready Or Not\" was always a crowd favorite. He also showcased his skills with a very memorable guitar solo. A few of Riggs\' original compositions made it onto Travers\' 1990 release *School Of Hard Knocks.* One Riggs-penned track was an instrumental entitled *Guitars From Hell*, which features Travers and Riggs on guitar. Riggs also appears in the 1991 video release *Boom Boom-Live At The Diamond Club*, a concert filmed in Toronto which features Travers\' greatest hits, as well as \"Ready Or Not\" by Riggs. Riggs\' guitar solo was not included.
Riggs left Travers\' group in 1993 and lives in Florida where he plays with various supergroups. The band Riggs has reunited for occasional one night engagements, most recently on November 28, 2009, playing at The Loft in Atlanta. Riggs started touring as a lead guitarist with 38 Special in 2019
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# Andrea Nozzari
**Andrea Nozzari** (27 February 1776 -- 12 December 1832) was an Italian tenor.
Nozzari was born in Vertova and studied in Bergamo and Rome. He is notable for the principal roles written for him by Gioachino Rossini and mostly premiered in Domenico Barbaia\'s theatres in Naples. These were:
- Leicester in *Elisabetta, regina d\'Inghilterra* (1815)
- Otello in *Otello* (1816)
- Rinaldo in *Armida* (1817)
- Osiride in *Mosè in Egitto* (1818)
- Agorante in *Ricciardo e Zoraide* (1818)
- Pirro in *Ermione* (1819)
- Rodrigo in *La donna del lago* (1819)
- Paolo Erisso in *Maometto II* (1820)
- Antenore in *Zelmira* (1822)
He also premièred the title roles in Giovanni Pacini\'s *Alessandro nelle Indie* (1824) and Donizetti\'s *Alfredo il grande*, and roles in operas by Michele Carafa, Manuel García, Johann Simon Mayr, Saverio Mercadante, Nicola Antonio Manfroce and Stefano Pavesi.
Nozzari\'s voice had a baritonal quality, and his intense acting was much valued by composers and the public. Stendhal thought him one of the finest singers in Europe. Among his pupils were Antonio Poggi, Giovanni Battista Rubini and Nicola Ivanoff.
He died in Naples
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# Tabasko
***Tabasko*** is an album released by O.S.T.R. in 2002.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Masz To Jak W Banku 2\" (feat. Nova) (You Have It for Sure 2; lit. You Have It as in a Bank 2)
2. \"To Nie Jest Tak\" (It\'s Not Like That)
3. \"Kochana Polsko\" (Dear Poland)
4. \"Szukam Stylu\" (feat. Maku) (I\'m Searching for a Style)
5. \"Zazdrość\" (Jealousy)
6. \"Zrób Sobie Wolne\" (Take a Break)
7. \"Tabasko\" (Tabasco)
8. \"Miejska Ślepota\" (Urban Blindness)
9. \"Sram Na Media\" (feat. Maciej Orłoś, Fenomen & Spinache) (I Shit on the Media)
10. \"Grzech Za Grzech\" (Sin for a Sin)
11. \"\$\"
12. \"Ja I Mój Lolo\" (Me and My Joint)
13. \"Ból Doświadczeń\" (feat. Vienio) (The Pain of Experiences)
14. \"Biznes\" (Business)
15. \"Echo Miasta\" (feat. Pezet) (City\'s Echo)
16. \"1 Na 100\" (1 of 100)
17. \"Ziom Za Ziomem\" (feat. Tede) (Homie By Homie)
18. \"Rachunek Sumienia\" (Examination of conscience)
19. \"Tabasko\" (Tabasco)
- \"Czas I Pieniądz\" (bonus track) (Time and Money)
Category:2003 albums Category:O.S.T.R
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# Chicago Artists' Coalition
**Chicago Artists Coalition** is a non-profit artist service organization based in Chicago.
## History
The Chicago Artists Coalition was founded in 1974 by a group of artists. It was modeled after the Boston Visual Artists\' Union, Inc. and officially incorporated in 1975. Historically, the organization has played an important role in artists\' professional development and local/regional advocacy. It was instrumental in the establishment of the Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs (now the Department of Cultural Affairs & Special Events); proved vital in advocating for the Percent for Art bill, helped found the Chicago Artists Month, and was involved in the creation of Arts Alliance Illinois, the state advocacy organization.
Since 2010, the Coalition began to grow significantly in its programming and operations, guided by strategic planning initiatives and multi-year capacity-building grants. In 2011, the Coalition relocated to the West Loop neighborhood in downtown Chicago, which is home to many of the city\'s top contemporary arts galleries and artist-run spaces. The organization currently operates in an 8,000 square foot historic building that contains a lofty gallery/program space, artist residency studios, and administrative offices. In 2012, the Coalition acquired the Chicago Artists Resource website, known as CAR, which expanded the organization\'s services and outreach to artists working in multiple disciplines.
## Programs
The Chicago Artists Coalition\'s core programs provide educational training, exhibition/residency initiatives and marketplace building for artists and a diverse arts public
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# Spaniards in the United Kingdom
**\
`{{Flag|England}}`{=mediawiki}: 163,848 (2021 census)\
`{{Flag|Wales}}`{=mediawiki}: 3,068 (2021 census)\
`{{Flag|Scotland}}`{=mediawiki}: 12,208 (2022 census)\
Northern Ireland: 1,320 (2021 census)\
**Spanish citizens/passports held:**\
216,728 (England and Wales only, 2021)\
**Citizens registered with Spanish consulate**\
102,498 (2016) \|popplace = West London (Kensington, Chelsea, Lambeth, Holborn), Manchester, Bristol, Nottingham, Cambridge \|langs = British English, Peninsular Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Basque \|rels = Predominantly Roman Catholic \|related = `{{hlist|[[Italian Britons|Italian]]|[[Portuguese British|Portuguese]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{reflist|group=note}}`{=mediawiki} }} `{{Spanish people}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Lists of British people}}`{=mediawiki}**Spaniards in the United Kingdom\'\'\' are people of Spanish descent resident in Britain. They may be British citizens or non-citizen immigrants. In the 2021 census for England and Wales, 81,150 people self-identified as ethnic Spanish.
## History
### Migration of royalty {#migration_of_royalty}
Spanish and English royalty intermarried on numerous occasions, a notable example is found in King Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, parents of King Edward II. In 1501, Catherine of Aragon came to London aged 15. After the early death of her first husband, she became Henry VIII\'s first wife. Their daughter, Mary Tudor attempted to re-introduce Catholicism as the state religion during her own reign and married Philip II of Spain. Both women at that time brought the influence of Spanish culture to the royal court.
### Spanish Civil War {#spanish_civil_war}
After the bombing of Guernica, 4,091 refugees, the vast majority of them children under 15, arrived in Southampton on the *SS Habana*. They were cared for in \'colonies\' mostly in and around the Home counties. The children began to be repatriated in November 1937.
## Demographics
The 2001 UK Census recorded 54,482 Spanish-born people. 54,105 of these were resident in Great Britain (that is, the UK excluding Northern Ireland). The equivalent figure in the 1991 Census was 38,606. The census tracts with the highest numbers of Spanish-born residents in 2001 were Kensington, Regent\'s Park and Chelsea, all in west London. The 2011 UK Census recorded 77,554 Spanish-born residents in England, 1,630 in Wales, 4,908 in Scotland and 703 in Northern Ireland.
According to Instituto Nacional de Estadística statistics, the number of Spanish citizens registered with the Spanish consulate in the UK was 102,498 as of 1 January 2016. The Office for National Statistics estimates that the Spanish-born population of the UK was 164,000 in 2020.
At the time of the 2021/22 census, there were 163,848 Spanish-born residents in England, 3,068 in Wales, 12,208 in Scotland and 1,320 in Northern Ireland. There were 216,728 Spanish passport holders in England & Wales, an increase of over 130,000 since the time of the 2011 census. The areas with the highest concentrations of Spanish citizens were South and West London, including the boroughs of Kensington and Chelsea, Lambeth, and Southwark. The North West also has a significant Spanish population in Lancashire and Manchester.
## Economics
According to analysis by the Institute for Public Policy Research, 71.22 per cent of recent Spanish immigrants to the UK of working age are employed as opposed to unemployed or inactive (which includes students), compared to 73.49 per cent of British-born people. 15.05 per cent of recent Spanish-born immigrants are low earners, defined as having an income of less than £149.20 per week (compared to 21.08 per cent of British-born people), and 2.15 per cent are high earners, earning more than £750 per week (compared to 6.98 per cent of British-born people). Amongst settled Spanish-born immigrants, 71.48 per cent are employed, with 23.44 per cent being low earners and 7.81 per cent high earners.
## Education
There is a Spanish school in London, Instituto Español Vicente Cañada Blanch
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# Fran Rogel
**Francis Stephen Rogel** (December 12, 1927 -- June 3, 2002) was an American professional football player who was a fullback for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions. He also played professionally for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
## Collegiate career {#collegiate_career}
Unable to enroll at Penn State due to the college\'s post-World War II policy of giving admissions priority to returning veterans, Rogel spent the 1946 season playing at the California State Teachers College. Along with other top-tier talent awaiting admission, he helped propel the Vulcans football team to a 9-0-0 record.
Rogel continued on to Penn State, where he was a star fullback and linebacker for three seasons. He was the Nittany Lions\' leading rusher each of those seasons and was on the 1948 Cotton Bowl Classic team which tied Southern Methodist, 13-13.
## NFL and CFL {#nfl_and_cfl}
Rogel was selected by the Steelers in the eighth round (#100 overall) in the 1950 NFL draft, and he did not miss a game his eight seasons with the team (1950--1957).
Rogel\'s style of play was characterized by \"Hey Diddle Diddle, Rogel up the middle\" --- a popular cheer by Steelers fans. Head coach Walt Kiesling, a conservative-minded coach, started nearly every game by running the same play: \"Rogel up the middle.\" One day, owner Art Rooney suggested to Kiesling to throw it instead. Not wanting to be undermined by Rooney, Kiesling had one of his lineman intentionally go offsides so it could nullify the play. Sure enough, against the rival Cleveland Browns, quarterback Jim Finks threw a touchdown pass that was nullified by the penalty. The following play after the penalty would be \"Rogel up the middle.\"
Rogel was a Pro Bowl selection in 1956. By the time of his retirement following the 1957 season, he was the Steelers\' leading career rusher with 3,271 yards. Rogel also played briefly in the Canadian Football League.
In 1959 Rogel was the playing coach of the Sarnia Golden Bears in the semi-pro ORFU. Because of his running style he was nicknamed \"twinkle toes\".
For eight years during the 1960s, Rogel was head football coach at North Braddock Scott High School and for eight years in the 1970s he was head coach at Highlands High School in Natrona Heights, PA. His teams made one playoff appearance.
## NFL career statistics {#nfl_career_statistics}
Legend
----------
**Bold**
Year Team Games Rushing
------ ------ ------- ----- ---------
GP GS Att Yds Avg
1950 PIT 12 0 92
1951 PIT 12 3 109
1952 PIT 12 5 84
1953 PIT 12 10 137
1954 PIT 12 12 111
1955 PIT 12 12 **168**
1956 PIT 12 12 131
1957 PIT 12 10 68
96 64 900
## Death
Rogel died of Parkinson\'s disease at age 74 on June 3, 2002, in Richland, Pennsylvania
| 484 |
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| 0 |
10,986,663 |
# Columella (genus)
***Columella*** is a genus of very small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Truncatellinidae, the whorl snails and allies.
## Taxonomy
*Columella* is commonly classified within the Vertiginidae. However, as shown by Nekola & Coles (2016), the genus is not that closely related to the Vertiginidae, but may rather be affiliated with the Chondrinidae or form a pupilloid family of its own. A systematic revision is pending.
## Species
Species within the genus *Columella* include:
- *Columella acicularis* Almuhambetova, 1979
- *Columella aspera* Waldén, 1966
- *Columella columella* (G. v. Martens, 1830)
- *Columella edentula* (Draparnaud, 1805) - toothless column
- *Columella hartmutnordsiecki* Schlickum & Geissert, 1980
- *Columella hasta* (Hanna, 1911)
- *Columella intermedia* Schileyko & Almuhambetova, 1984
- *Columella microspora* (R.T. Lowe, 1852)
- *Columella nymphaepratensis* Hlaváč & Pokryszko, 2009
- *Columella polvonense* (Pilsbry, 1894)
- *Columella simplex* (Gould, 1840)
- *Columella talgarica* Schileyko & Rymzhanov, 2010
- *Columella wyciski* Schlickum & Strauch, 1972
Species brought into synonymy:
- *Columella inornata* (Michaud, 1831): synonym of *Columella edentula* (Draparnaud, 1805) (junior synonym)
- *Columella ninagongonis* Pilsbry, 1935: synonym of *Truncatellina ninagongonis* (Pilsbry, 1935) (original combination)
- *Columella tridentata* A. B
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# William McLellan (American electrical engineer)
**William Howard McLellan** (December 1, 1924 -- September 30, 2011) was an American electrical engineer, who achieved some fame in 1960 by succeeding at an engineering challenge set by Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman to build the smallest ever electric motor.
## Personal life and education {#personal_life_and_education}
McLellan was born in Casper, Wyoming, grew up in Orland, California, and fought in the Canadian Army in the Second World War. Serving as a radio operator in the 12th Armoured Regiment (Three Rivers Regiment), RCAC, he met his wife Patricia Price in England during the war, and afterwards the couple settled in Pasadena, California, where McLellan attended the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
## Electric motor invention and career {#electric_motor_invention_and_career}
In December 1959, Feynman offered two challenges relating to nanotechnology at the annual meeting of the American Physical Society, held that year at Caltech, offering a \$1000 prize to the first person to solve each of them. The first one required someone to build a working electric motor that would fit inside a cube ^1^/~64~ inches (0.40 mm) on each side. McLellan, at that time living nearby, achieved this feat by November 1960 and won the prize. His 250-microgram 2000-rpm motor consisted of 13 separate parts. The second challenge was for anyone who could find a way to inscribe a book page on a surface area 25,000 times smaller than its standard print (a scale at which the entire contents of the *Encyclopædia Britannica* could fit on the head of a pin). The prize for the second challenge was claimed only much later, by Tom Newman in 1985.
McLellan appeared on television on the I\'ve Got a Secret program, January 4, 1961 in relation to his achievement, and spent much of his career as an engineer in Caltech\'s Astronomy department, remaining a consultant there for the rest of his life. He died in 2011 in Pasadena
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William McLellan (American electrical engineer)
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# Tønder County
thumb\|upright=1.5\|Tønder County. The areas marked in green became part of South Jutland County in 1970. The three parishes indicated in pink were transferred to Ribe County the same year. **Tønder County** (*Tønder Amt*) is a former province in Denmark, located the south-western part of Southern Jutland. Tønder County was established in 1920 following the reunification of Denmark with South Jutland following the Schleswig Plebiscites. It was dissolved in 1970 when the bulk of the county merged with three other counties to form South Jutland County. Tønder County corresponded geographically to the northern part of the former Prussian Kreis Tondern except for Hviding Herred, which had been part of Kreis Hadersleben. Kreis Tondern had in turn been established in 1867 in order to simplify the intricate administrative structures of the Duchy of Schleswig, and was formed from regions belonging to Ribe County (exclaves of Denmark) and Løgumkloster County (parts of Schleswig).
The southern part of Kreis Tondern remained German and became Kreis Südtondern, with the seat transferred to Niebüll. In 1970, Kreis Südtondern merged into Kreis Nordfriesland.
## 1970 administrative reform {#administrative_reform}
Three northern parishes of Tønder County were transferred to Ribe County in the 1970 administrative reform
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# Lorraine Richard
**Lorraine Richard** (born July 30, 1959, in Havre-Saint-Pierre, Quebec) is a Quebec politician. She was the Member of National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Duplessis in the Côte-Nord region from 2003-2022, representing the Parti Québécois.
Richard was a nursing assistant in a health center in Havre St-Pierre for 25 years in which she was also the secretary for the Minganie Health Center\'s employee union. She was also a school commissioner for 16 years, the vice-president of the Côte-Nord School Board\'s Association for five years.
Richard was elected in Duplessis in the 2003 elections and was the PQ\'s critic for citizen relations, maritime affairs and social services. She was re-elected in the 2007 and 2008 general elections
| 121 |
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# Denis Brière
**Denis Brière** (1945/1946 -- July 8, 2022) was a Canadian forestry professor and academic administrator. He took office as Université Laval\'s 25th rector (president) on June 1, 2007. He ran unsuccessfully for the position in 2002. He was formerly dean of the faculty of forestry and geomatics at Université Laval in Quebec City, and held that office since 2000. He has also worked as an executive with James Bay Energy Corporation (Société d\'énergie de la Baie-James), a consortium which built a series of hydro-electric dams near James Bay, Kruger Inc., a Canadian pulp and paper company, and Groupe Comact, a manufacturer of wood processing equipment.
## Awards
In 1994, he was named forestry engineer of the year by the Ordre des ingénieurs forestiers du Québec, the professional body for foresters in Quebec
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# Leitzersdorf
**Leitzersdorf** is a town in the district of Korneuburg in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 18 |
Leitzersdorf
| 0 |
10,986,705 |
# Jadranski naftovod
\$165.97 million (2023) \| operating_income = `{{increase}}`{=mediawiki} €60.26 million {{!}} \$65.23 million (2023) \| net_income = `{{increase}}`{=mediawiki} €51.98 million {{!}} \$56.26 million (2023) \| aum = \| assets = `{{increase}}`{=mediawiki} €732.89 million {{!}} \$793.28 million (2023) \| equity = \| owner = \| num_employees = `{{increase}}`{=mediawiki}418 \| parent = \| divisions = \| subsid = \| homepage = [www.janaf.hr](http://www.janaf.hr/en) \| footnotes = \| intl = }}
**Jadranski naftovod,** commonly known as \"JANAF**\"** is a crude oil transportation company in Croatia. It was established in 1974. It operates one of the most significant oil pipelines in Europe - the JANAF oil transport system, a part of the Adria oil pipeline. It transports crude oil from the Adriatic Sea to Central Europe.
Its headquarters is located in Zagreb, Croatia. The JANAF pipeline system runs from the port of Omišalj on the island of Krk, through Croatia, and into Slovenia, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. The pipeline system spans approximately 759 kilometers.
JANAF\'s pipeline has a designed capacity of 34 million tons per year, having storage facilities for crude oil and petroleum products. The company operates several storage terminals, including those in Omišalj, Sisak, Virje, and Slavonski Brod. The pipeline network connects to international oil pipelines, facilitating the transportation of crude oil to various European countries.
JANAF operates oil terminal of the Port of Rijeka in Omišalj on the Krk Island. In 2020, the Port of Rijeka Liquid Cargo Terminal transported 8.1 million tonnes of oil, what is an increase of 22% compared to 6.6 million tonnes transported in 2019. In 2020, JANAF recorded annual revenue of 790 million kuna (104.9 million euro), what is 10.6% more than 2019, and annual net profit of 288.1 million kuna (38.2 million euro). This was JANAF\'s best business results since its establishment. JANAF is a joint stock company owned by Croatian Pension Insurance Institute (37.26%), Restructuring and Sales Center (26.28%), the Republic of Croatia (14.97%), INA (11.80%), HEP (5.36%) and other shareholders owning less than 5% of stock each. JANAF had 382 employees working in Omišalj terminal and other JANAF facilities in Croatia.
JANAF plays a critical role in the energy security of Croatia and its neighboring countries by ensuring a stable supply of crude oil. The company is a significant player in the Croatian economy, contributing to the energy sector\'s development and providing employment opportunities. Moreover, JANAF is committed to environmental protection and implements various measures to minimize the ecological impact of its operations. The company adheres to stringent safety standards to prevent accidents and ensure the safe transportation and storage of oil
| 432 |
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| 0 |
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# Defunct townships of Cuyahoga County, Ohio
**Cuyahoga County**, Ohio, United States is divided into 21 townships.
When Cuyahoga County was founded, it was divided into civil townships for purposes of rural government, as were other Ohio counties. By 1990, this county was the most urbanized county in Ohio, and as a result, most of its townships have been annexed by the city of Cleveland or one of the other municipalities in Cuyahoga County. In Ohio, when the entirety of a civil township has been annexed by one or more municipalities, it ceases to have governmental powers and becomes a paper township, existing on maps, but possessing no governmental powers. Today, 19 of Cuyahoga County\'s townships are paper townships, with only a part of Olmsted Township and a tiny section of Chagrin Falls Township remaining as civil townships --- just 10.5 mi2 of Cuyahoga County\'s total area of 458 mi2.
## Bedford Township {#bedford_township}
Although the land that became Bedford Township was bought by the Connecticut Land Company in 1795, no white settlers came until Elijah Nobles arrived in 1813, and the first permanent settler came only in 1821. The township was organized on April 7, 1823, and the city of Bedford was incorporated as a village on March 15, 1837. Throughout the rest of the century, the township remained an agricultural area with little industry, but major industries began to arrive in the early 20th century.
In 1915, the first political change occurred in the township since 1837, when Maple Heights was incorporated as a village. The rest of the township remained unincorporated until 1951, when it was divided between Bedford Heights, Oakwood, and Walton Hills. As of the 2000 census, these cities and villages had a total population of 57,812.
## Brecksville Township {#brecksville_township}
Brecksville Township was formed in 1807 and named for Massachusetts resident John Breck, the owner of significant lands in that vicinity. It included the modern community of Brecksville and part of Broadview Heights. The township was first settled in 1811 by the family of one Seth Payne, who came from Williamsburg, Massachusetts, and who was soon followed by several other families. Its first school was founded in 1814, with its first teacher being one of Payne\'s daughters. Within the township, the village of Brecksville was incorporated in 1921, and it gained the status of city in 1960.
## Brooklyn Township {#brooklyn_township}
Brooklyn Township was organized on June 1, 1818. In its early years, it extended northward to Lake Erie, but most of the township incorporated into or was annexed by municipalities, the last of which was the city of Brooklyn in the southwest. Today, the township is divided between the cities of Brooklyn and Cleveland and the villages of Brooklyn Heights, Cuyahoga Heights, Linndale, and Newburgh Heights.
## Dover Township {#dover_township}
In 1806, two residents of Dover, Connecticut purchased the northwestern corner township of Cuyahoga County and named it for their hometown. Although Europeans had visited the area before 1800, the first settlers did not arrive until 1810, a family from Vermont and a family from New York. The population grew rapidly; as early as the 1840 census, the township had a population of 960 people.
In the summer of 1901, the northern part of the township broke away and soon formed the village of Bay, which became Bay Village in 1950. Meanwhile, the village of Dover had been incorporated to the south of Bay in 1911. It, too, changed its name, in 1940, to Westlake. Today, most of the original Dover Township is divided between Bay Village and Westlake, although its southeastern portion has been part of North Olmsted since that village was incorporated in 1908.
## East Cleveland Township {#east_cleveland_township}
East Cleveland Township was organized in 1847 from the eastern end of the 1796 Cleveland Township and the western end of Euclid Township. Part of the township incorporated as the village (now city) of East Cleveland in 1895. What had been this township today is divided between the village of Bratenahl, parts of Cleveland, and the cities of Cleveland Heights and East Cleveland.
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# Defunct townships of Cuyahoga County, Ohio
## Euclid Township {#euclid_township}
Euclid Township spanned the territory of Cuyahoga County from Lake Erie to Cedar Road and East 140th Street to the Lake County line. Named for the ancient Greek mathematician, it was surveyed and named in 1796 during the first Connecticut Land Company expedition to the Western Reserve led by Moses Cleaveland. Its first pioneer settlers were John Moss, then Joseph and Chloe Burke in 1798, Timothy and Mary Doan in 1801, and David and Mary Dille and Asa and Frances Dille in 1803, plus many of their children. A large wave of settlers primarily of the extended McIlrath family began to arrive in Euclid Township in 1804. The early economy was based on farming, although it soon included gristmills, sawmills and boat building, and in later years grapes, railroads, stone quarries and industry became important. Its original territory was the site of Standard Oil billionaire John D. Rockefeller\'s Forest Hill country estate, and was the birthplace of General Electric co-founder Charles F. Brush. Euclid Beach Park once brought roller coaster enthusiasts to its shore. In 1908 the Collinwood School Fire killed 172 students, two teachers and one rescuer at the Lake View School. The township became defunct in 1917 when the last of its territory became part of incorporated villages. Today its land is divided among the Cleveland neighborhoods of Collinwood and Nottingham, and the cities of Cleveland Heights, East Cleveland, Euclid, Lyndhurst, Richmond Heights, and South Euclid.
## Independence Township {#independence_township}
Independence Township\'s earliest history was destroyed by a fire. In its early years, the township was primarily agricultural, but by 1850, it possessed nationally recognized quarries. The city of Independence incorporated much of Independence Township as a village in 1914, and the rest of the township was incorporated as the village of Seven Hills in 1927. Today, Independence Township is divided between Brooklyn Heights, Cuyahoga Heights, Garfield Heights, Independence, Seven Hills, and Valley View.
## Mayfield Township {#mayfield_township}
Mayfield Township was organized in 1819, being split off from Chagrin Township. It existed until 1920, when the entire township was incorporated into several villages: Gates Mills, Highland Heights, Mayfield Village, and Riverside. Since then, these municipalities have changed: Mayfield Heights left Mayfield Village in 1925, Riverside joined Gates Mills in the late 1920s, and Lyndhurst annexed a small portion of the township.
## Middleburg Township {#middleburg_township}
Middleburg Township, named for Middleburg, New York, was first settled in the summer of 1809. For several decades, few people lived in the area, which was covered with swamps and heavy forests. Significant development began in 1842, when the first quarry was developed in the southwestern part of the township. After 1850, when Berea was incorporated in the southwestern part of the township, the rest of the township was improved so as to make it more appealing to settlement, and a few industries were founded. The township was further reduced by the incorporation of Brook Park in 1914, and the remaining unincorporated areas were incorporated as Middleburg Heights in 1927. Today, the township is divided between four different cities:
- Most of Berea, in the southwest
- Most of Brook Park, in the northeast
- A small corner of Cleveland, in the northwest
- All of Middleburg Heights, in the southeast
## Newburgh Township {#newburgh_township}
Newburgh Township was organized on 15 October 1814, some years after the settlement of Newburgh had been established. Originally, the area\'s natural resources were significant enough that Newburg was the leading settlement in Cuyahoga County, causing Cleveland to be referred to as \"the town on the lake, six miles from Newburgh,\" although Cleveland\'s location on Lake Erie soon led to its dominance. Cleveland first annexed part of Newburgh Township in 1867 and continued to expand through the next several decades, eventually absorbing the village of Newburgh and most of the rest of the township by 1905. The village of Newburgh Heights was incorporated in 1904, although it has since been reduced in area significantly. Today, Newburg Township is divided between four cities and three villages: Brooklyn Heights, Cleveland, Cleveland Heights, Cuyahoga Heights, Garfield Heights, Newburgh Heights, and Shaker Heights.
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# Defunct townships of Cuyahoga County, Ohio
## Orange Township {#orange_township}
Orange Township was formed in 1820. It included the modern communities of Beachwood, Hunting Valley, Moreland Hills, Orange, Pepper Pike, and Woodmere, plus part of Chagrin Falls Township. The first settler was Serenus Burnett, who arrived in 1815. It was named after Orange, Connecticut, the hometown of several early settlers. James Abram Garfield, who became 20th President of the United States, was born on 19 November 1831 in a log cabin in Orange Township.
## Parma Township {#parma_township}
Parma Township, named for Parma, New York, was organized in 1826, 10 years after the first settlers arrived from New York. The township was long a farming region, with its only industry being a clockmaker\'s shop. In 1911, part of the western region of the township was incorporated as Parma Heights, and the rest was incorporated as Parma in 1924. In 2000, what was once Parma Township had a population of 107,314.
## Riveredge Township {#riveredge_township}
Riveredge Township was organized in 1926 by residents of Brook Park, who disagreed with the village\'s course and seceded. It was always a very small township; even after expansion in 1932, it had an area of only 48 acres (19 ha). The township changed over the years; it was originally primarily a truck farm, became a trailer park in the 1950s, and expanded greatly in the 1960s. However, the township was purchased in 1983 by Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, and it has been virtually uninhabited since 1986. Riveredge Township was officially dissolved on July 1, 1992, when it was divided by the cities of Cleveland and Fairview Park.
## Rockport Township {#rockport_township}
Located on the shoreline of Lake Erie, Rockport Township was organized on February 24, 1819. In its early years, many farms covered the township. Today, the township\'s original area is divided between several municipalities: Cleveland, a small portion of Brook Park, Fairview Park, Lakewood (incorporated as a village on August 31, 1889), Linndale, and Rocky River.
## Royalton Township {#royalton_township}
Royalton Township was formed on October 27, 1818, seven years after the first settlers arrived in the area. It was named after Royalton, Vermont, the hometown of two of the township\'s earliest settlers. Only one village was incorporated in the township, Royalton Center. For some time, the township was an important center of agriculture, especially dairying. To avoid confusion with another Royalton Township in northwest Ohio and another Royalton village in southeastern Ohio, its name was changed to North Royalton Township in 1881. The township ceased to exist in April 1927, when it incorporated into the village of North Royalton. The township is now divided between most of North Royalton and the western half of Broadview Heights.
## Solon Township {#solon_township}
Solon Township was named for Isaac Solon Bull, the son of one of the first settlers. The township was first settled in 1820, although development was retarded by the swampland common in the area. By 1850, the swamps had been drained, leaving rich farmland. The village of Solon was incorporated in 1917 and became a city in 1961, while Glenwillow was first settled in 1893. Today, the entire township is occupied by one of these two municipalities, and in 2000, it had a population of 22,697.
## Strongsville Township {#strongsville_township}
Strongsville Township was organized in 1818 and named for John Strong, an early pioneer who came from Vermont. By 1820, the township had a population of 297. Agriculture was long the mainstay of the township\'s economy, although sawmills, a quarry, and a plant for manufacturing bricks were opened in the early years. Except for a small part that was annexed by Berea, the township was eventually entirely incorporated into Strongsville, which was incorporated in 1927 and became a city in 1960. In 2000, Strongsville had a population of 43,858.
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# Defunct townships of Cuyahoga County, Ohio
## Warrensville Township {#warrensville_township}
Warrensville Township was formed in 1814, several years after the first attempts at settlement. The first permanent settler in Warrensville Township was Daniel Warren, formerly of New Hampshire, who came with his family in 1810, and after whom the township is named. In 1822, members of the Shakers organized the North Union Shaker Community in the township in present-day Shaker Heights. It endured until 1888, by which time the community had become too small to be viable. Their land was eventually purchased in 1904 by developers who quickly arranged for the construction of subdivisions in the township.
The village of Beachwood was incorporated in Warrensville Township on June 26, 1915. As the Cleveland metropolitan area expanded, parts of Warrensville Township were divided among Orange, Shaker Heights, University Heights, and Warrensville Heights. In 1990, Warrensville Township became a paper township when its last unincorporated area was incorporated as the village of Highland Hills. The township is now divided between Cleveland, Garfield Heights, Highland Hills, Orange, Shaker Heights, Beachwood, Warrensville Heights, North Randall, University Heights, and Cleveland Heights.
## West Park Township {#west_park_township}
West Park Township was a small, short-lived township that was split from Rockport Township in 1900. Historically, the area had been poor and underdeveloped, leading to its nickname of the \"lost city\". The township lasted little more than 20 years, as it was annexed to the city of Cleveland in 1923. Today, West Park comprises four westside neighborhoods of Cleveland: Jefferson, Kamm\'s Corners, Puritas-Longmead, and Hopkins (formerly called Riverside)
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# Farmer Boys (band)
**Farmer Boys** is a German metal band from Stuttgart.
## History
In 1996, Farmer Boys released their debut album *Countrified*. All of the album\'s songs make reference to farm life or farm animals. It also has a cover track of Depeche Mode\'s \"Never Let Me Down Again\". The album is the band\'s heaviest album ever recorded and it strongly features elements from thrash metal, groove metal and gothic metal. Music videos for \"*Farm Sweet Farm*\" and \"*Never Let Me Down Again*\" were directed by Nick Lyon. *Countrified* sold over 10,000 copies.
They reached their peak popularity with their album *The World Is Ours*, released in 2000; the videos for singles \"Here Comes the Pain\" and \"If You Ever Leave Me Standing\" were put into heavy rotation by German alternative music channels such as VIVA Zwei. Farmer Boys has obtained a cult following in later years.
Matthias Sayer also provided guest vocals for Apocalyptica\'s single \"Hope Vol. 2\".
Four years after the release of *The Other Side*, in 2004, the group performed a reunion concert in Stuttgart on 22 December. Aside from their appearance at the 2011 Summer Breeze Open Air on 20 August in Dinkelsbühl, Germany, the band remained relatively silent and inactive.
At the end of 2016, guitarist Alexander Scholpp announced the return of the band, with three shows scheduled in Germany for the spring of 2017, as well announcing the band\'s plans for a new album. The album, named *Born Again*, was released in 2018.
## Musical style {#musical_style}
Farmer Boys\' musical style is a blend of Machine Head\'s groove metal and Paradise Lost\'s gothic metal; their lyrical matter, however, unusually to the style, often revolves around the darker side of agriculture -- bestiality and incest (\"Farm Sweet Farm\"), torture of animals (\"When a Chicken Cries for Love\"), suicide (\"Relieve the Tension\") and slaughterhouses (\"When Pigs Fly\")
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# Luis Alberto del Paraná
**Luis Alberto del Paraná** (21 June 1926 -- 15 September 1974) was a Paraguayan singer and guitarist. During the fifties, sixties and early seventies, he traveled extensively around the globe with his group Los Paraguayos, popularizing Paraguayan music. He is the best-selling Paraguayan musician ever.
## Family and early life {#family_and_early_life}
He was born on 21 June 1926 at 14:30 in Altos, Paraguay. His birth was reported in the magistrates court on 14 August 1926 by his mother, Jacinta Mesa (not Meza). His name was Luis Osmer Meza.
Luis was the fourth son of eight children, of whom one was a girl, Obdulia (Chiquita), a retired singer. Doña Jacinta, Paraná\'s mother died on 15 August 1965, while Luis was in Stockholm touring in Europe; Luis\'s father, who was a rural teacher, died in Piripucú, Concepción in 1947.
Luis attended primary school in Ypacaraí. At the age of 14, Luis entered the boy-scouts in \"Batallón Rojas Silva \" (Salesianito), under Father Ernesto Pérez Acosta\'s management.
## Adult life and artistic career {#adult_life_and_artistic_career}
\"The fact that he was meant to be an artist was clear from the age of eighteen, when he interpreted \'Campo Grande\' alongside Humberto Barúa and Digno García, a great harpist. It was there, in the old Rex theatre, that people started to feel attracted by this young, enthusiastic countryside boy.\"
After touring through Central America, Luis Alberto del Paraná (artistic name adopted in Mexico) formed a band with Digno García and Agustin Barboza. This band was named \"Trío Los Paraguayos\" and by decree, 24 November 1953, the national government gave each one of the members 3200 dollars to disseminate Paraguayan music in Europe through an \"Official Cultural Mission\".
His first wife was Lissette Cairoly, a French \"circus princess\". His second wife was Carmen González Caballero, a Spanish dancer. They had two children: Luis Manuel Meza González and Carmen Fabiola Meza González.
In (1958), in Milan, (Italy), Paraná gave Father Pérez a complete set of percussion instruments for his former Scout Battalion to use. Later on, Paraná dedicated a song to Father Pérez. This song was included in an LP issued by Philips International and was distributed world wide.
When the contract expired, the band dissolved and Paraná formed the band \"Los Paraguayos\" with his brother Reynaldo Meza, Rubito Medina, and José de los Santos González, a harpist. They quickly recorded two LP\'s for Philips in the Netherlands: \"Famous Latin American Songs\" and \"Ambassador of Romance\", which had great success. This was the start of the recording of \"more than 500 songs\". They recorded hit after hit until Paraná died.
They shared the stage with The Beatles and recorded with The Rolling Stones.
Luis Alberto del Paraná and \"Los Paraguayos\" played live at the Benny Hill show \"Season 1 Episode 3\" (1970)
Luis Alberto del Paraná and \"Los Paraguayos\" sold more than 30 000 000 records, more than 650 000 tape cassettes, and traveled more than 1 000 000 kilometers during their tours.
## Death and burial {#death_and_burial}
He died on 15 September 1974, aged 48, in London, England. He was at the first floor of the Pembridge Court Hotel, in room eight when he suffered from a brain stroke.
His casket was transported to Asunción, where it was carried off the plane by many dignitaries, including the President. It was a huge event rarely seen by the nation. The people spontaneously packed the streets to say goodbye to their idol.
This event was named \"The Chain of Pain\" and almost all of the radio stations in Paraguay and many around the world tuned in to transmit every minute of the episode until his burial in \"La Recoleta Cemetery\", at the capital Asunción.
## Discography
- Paraguayan Song Nº 1
- Paraguayan Song Nº 2
- Bajo el Cielo del Paraguay
- Famous Latin American Songs
- South American Minstrels
- Trovador Tropical
- Trovador Tropical Nº 2
- Tropical Trip
- Ambassadors of Romance
- Historia de un Amor
- Buenas noches mi amor
- En escena
- Para mí, Para tí, Paraná
- Sentimentally yours
- Canciones de las Américas
- La Burrerita de Ypacarai
- În România I
- În România II
- În România III
- În România IV
- În România V
- Mi Guitarra y mi Voz
- Felicidades
- Amici, Amici
- All Star Festival - UNICEF
- Acuarela Paraguaya
- Por todo el mundo\...
- Paraguayos in Tokio
- Popular Favourites
- Music Minstrels Please
- San Remo 1966
- Fiesta Asuncena
- En Buenos Aires
- Con los Violines de Lima
- World Hits
- Live in Concert
- Siempre el mejor
- Espléndido
- In London
- Papillón
- Epopeya Nacional
- Éxtasis Tropìcal
- Latin American Dance Party
- Live in Concert\... Berlín
- Canciones Tropicales
- Adiós Mariquita Linda
- Quizás, quizás, quizás
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# Luis Alberto del Paraná
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
His recordings \"Hace un Año\" and \"Malagueña\" were used in the film *Born on the Fourth of July* (1989).\
*Paraná Awards* are the most prominent awards for Paraguayan radio and television
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Luis Alberto del Paraná
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# Urchagam
***Urchagam*** (*Excitement*) is a 2007 Tamil romantic drama film directed by Ravichandran and starring Nandha and Sherin. The storyline is based on the problems and difficulties between a love marriage and arranged marriage. The movie was shot in Chennai, ECR, Puducherry, Goa, and Jothpur. About three songs were shot in Bangkok and its surroundings. Dinesh Lambha was introduced as the villain in this movie and Vivek also plays a prominent role in the movie. Ranjit Barot wrote the film\'s music. The film was initially titled *Coffee Shop*, but in order to receive government funding, the producers gave it a Tamil name. It was dubbed into Hindi as *Meri Jigar Meri Chahaat*. The film is somewhat similar to the Hindi film Humko Deewana Kar Gaye.
## Plot
The film revolves around Jency (Sherin), a close friend of Ganesh (Nandha). When Ganesh decides to open his heart and express his love to her, she informs him that she is to be engaged to Nicholas (Dinesh Lamba), who is a rich entrepreneur in London.
Nicholas sponsors Jency\'s mother\'s surgery. Knowing well that Nicholas is a jealous and sadistic youth, Jency decides to marry him as a token of gratitude. But life turns miserable for her between her engagement and her wedding. Ganesh steps in and saves her from all her troubles. Ganesh and Nicholas cross swords with each other.
## Cast
- Nandha as Ganesh
- Sherin as Jency
- Vivek as Ayyanarkudi Raja
- Dinesh Lamba as Nicholas
- Vaiyapuri as Bhai
- Sampath Ram
## Production
The filming was held at Jodhpur, Goa, Pondicherry and Chennai. The introductory scene of lead pair was picturised at Velankanni Shrine while climax was shot at a desert in Rajasthan and three songs were picturised in Bangkok.
## Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by Ranjit Barot. The audio was released in 14 April 2007.
- \"Kangal\" - Zubeen Garg
- \"Veyyil\" - Kunal Ganjawala
- \"Nanba Nanba\" - Kunal Ganjawala
- \"Netru Vatcha\" - Gayatri Ganjawala, Vijay Prakash
- \"Narum Pookkal\" - Hariharan, Nandini Srikar
## Reception
*Sify* wrote \"after seeing the film one gets the feeling that they have ripped off the plot from Julia Roberts emotional thriller *Sleeping with the Enemy*, added some local sentiments spiced it with Vivek\'s comedy track (rehashed from his own Run comedy track!), along with some peppy melodies by Ranjit Barot. In the process it turns out to be a overcooked, tasteless Kitchadi of various films\". Malini Mannath of *Chennai Online* wrote \"Not much originality here, nor even a decent adaptation. More of a massacre than a rehash!\"
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# Leobendorf
**Leobendorf** is a town in the district of Korneuburg in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
## Geography
Leobendorf is located in the region of Weinviertel in Lower Austria. The area of the town covers 29.96 square kilometers. About 19% of the municipality is forested.
## History
Leobendorf was first mentioned in a document in 1142. The history of Leobendorf is closely linked to the castle and the lordship of Kreuzenstein. The parish of Leobendorf was founded around the middle of the 11th century and was the mother parish for the eastern part of the territory of the Formbachers in the Kreuzenstein-Bisamberg area. In 1260, King Ottokar II of Bohemia handed over the right of patronage to the Teutonic Order
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# Dutch Hendrian
**Oscar George \"Dutch\" Hendrian** (January 19, 1896 -- December 13, 1953) was an American actor and former American football player in the National Football League (NFL).
## Career
### Football
Hendrian first played college football at the University of Pittsburgh where he played on the school\'s freshman football team in 1919. He also played on the school\'s freshman baseball team and performed in the university\'s student theatrical Cap and Gown Club in the spring of 1920. Hendrian then transferred to Princeton University where he finished out his college football career. He started his professional career as a running back in the NFL with the Akron Pros in 1923. He then played for the Canton Bulldogs, the Green Bay Packers, the New York Giants, and the Rock Island Independents.
### Acting
He made his debut in the movie *The Happy Hottentots*, playing Rosco. Many of his roles were uncredited, and he rarely had lines, usually playing extras. His two most notable movies were *Son of Kong* and *The Most Dangerous Game*. He retired from acting after his last movie, *Belle of the Yukon*, playing a miner. He died in Los Angeles, California on December 13, 1953
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# 32Red
**32Red** is a public British online casino company located in Gibraltar. It was acquired by the Kindred Group in July 2017 for £176 million.
## Overview
32Red is a sports betting firm that has held a gambling licence in Gibraltar since 2002. It operates under a United Kingdom Gambling Commission licence (reference 39430). It offers over 500 casino games including blackjack and roulette, sports betting, poker, and 75-ball and 90-ball bingo variations.
The games at 32Red are provided by developers such as Microgaming, NetEnt, Big Time Gaming and Rabcat.
32Red hired British actress Patsy Kensit and television presenters Ant & Dec to be the voice of the online casino.
## Sponsorships
### Football
32Red advertises in the Premier League through advertising boards at different grounds. It was also the kit sponsor for Aston Villa between 2006 and 2008, and from 2018. On 25 June 2009, 32Red was announced as an official main sponsor of Swansea City. The sponsorship ended early after the 2012--13 season. In a two-year deal starting in 2013, 32Red sponsored Crawley Town. In 2016, they signed a sponsorship deal with Leeds United which ended in 2021. In 2018 it signed a sponsorship deal with Middlesbrough, Derby County, and Preston North End. Former England captain Wayne Rooney\'s 2019 move to Derby County was enabled by 32Red who partly funded his £90,000 a week salary. Rooney\'s decision to wear the number 32 jersey for Derby and the sponsorship by 32Red were criticised in the media for exposing betting to children.
At the start of the 2018--19 English Championship season, 32Red were the Shirt Sponsors on 5 teams - Leeds United, Aston Villa, Derby County, Preston North End and Middlesbrough. In 2019, 32Red and Unibet signed a two-year agreement with the Vanarama National League to become its official betting partners.
The company signed a three-year deal with Scottish Championship team Rangers in April 2014. Rangers renewed the sponsorship deal in 2021.
### Horse racing {#horse_racing}
32Red invest significantly in UK horse racing and are authorised betting partners of the British Horseracing Authority. 32Red has sponsored the Arena Racing Company All Weather Championships since their launch in 2014. 32Red also sponsored the twilight fixtures at Kempton Park Racecourse and in August 2016 announced their sponsorship of the Haydock Sprint Cup. In 2016, 32Red replaced William Hill as the sponsors of the King George VI Chase in a three-year deal.
## Controversies
In October 2010, 32Red\'s dispute with William Hill over the use of 32Vegas reached the High Court of Justice in London where a six-day trial took place over the matter. 32Red objected to Hill\'s use of the 32Vegas brand (which was renamed 21Nova subsequent to 32Red instigating legal proceedings). Handing down Judgment in January 2011, Mr Justice Henderson ruled that William Hill had infringed the 32Red trade mark and that their counterclaims against the validity of 32Red\'s trade marks (32 and 32Red) were dismissed.
In June 2018, the Gambling Commission fined 32Red £2 million for failing a problem gambler who had deposited £758,000 with 32Red over more than two years. 32Red had failed to check whether the customer, who had a net income of £2,150 per month, could afford the bets despite several previous regulatory rulings in this area.
In 2019, the Advertising Standards Authority sanctioned 32Red for violating the \"gambling advertising code.\"
32Red was fined £4.1 million by the Gambling Commission for failing Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and social responsibility regulations on 25 January 2023.
## Acquisitions
In September 2014, 32Red Plc announced their purchase of GoWild Casino\'s United Kingdom-based customer database. In June 2015, 32Red Plc announced the purchase of Roxy Palace casino for £8.4 million. In March 2016, 32Red announced net gaming revenue of £48.7m in 2015, up 52% year-over-year, and revealed that it is evaluating possible acquisitions
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# Mimosa diplotricha
***Mimosa diplotricha*** is a species of leguminous woody shrub native to the Neotropics. It is an invasive species and now has a pantropical distribution. It is commonly known as the **giant sensitive plant**, **giant false sensitive plant**, or **nila grass**.
## Taxonomy
*Mimosa diplotricha* is classified under the genus *Mimosa* in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the legume family, Fabaceae. It was first described by the American botanist Charles Wright in 1869. The specific epithet is derived from Ancient Greek διπλόος (*diplóos*, \"double\") and θρίξ (*thríx*, \"hair\").
*Mimosa diplotricha* was also described earlier by the German botanist Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius as *Mimosa invisa* in 1837. But he had already given the name *Mimosa invisa* in 1834 to a different species. The name he gave is therefore a heterotypic posterior homonym and thus *nomen illegitimum.* Wright\'s name becomes the earliest correct name for the species, while the name *Mimosa invisa* is now accepted as the correct name for *Mimosa rhodostachya*. However the name *Mimosa invisa* is still used incorrectly by some authors for *Mimosa diplotricha.*
*Mimosa diplotricha* includes three varieties:
- *Mimosa diplotricha* var. *diplotricha* C. Wright *ex* Sauvalle- The nominate variety. Characterized by seed pods that are 10 to long, with 3 to 8 seeds.
- *Mimosa diplotricha* var. *odibilis* Barneby - Found only in Mexico, from Sinaloa to Michoacán. Characterized by seed pods that are 40 to long, with 12 to 16 seeds.
- *Mimosa diplotricha* var. *inermis* (Adelbert) Verdcourt - A thornless variety found in tropical Asia. It appears to be a *de novo* mutation that first arose in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.
## Common names {#common_names}
*Mimosa diplotricha* is known as the giant sensitive plant, giant false sensitive plant, or nila grass in English.
In the Americas, it is known *dormilona de playa*, *rabo de iguana*; and *raspancilla* in Spanish; and *grande sensitive* or *sensitive géante* in French. It is also known as *sensitiva trepadora* in Cuba; and *analeira*, *dormideira*, *juquiri-rasteiro*, *malicia-de-mulher*, or *sensitiva* in Brazil.
In South Asia and Indochina it is known as *anthottawadi* or *padaincha* in India; *banla saet* in Cambodia; *cõ trinh nu móc* in Vietnam; and *maiyaraap thao* in Thailand. In Southeast Asia it is known as *duri semalu* in Malaysia; *makahiyang lalaki*, *bulunsari*, or *balansuri* in the Philippines; *boring*, *borang*, *djoekoet borang*, or *puteri malu* in Nusa Tenggara; *pis koetjing* in Indonesia; and *rèmbètè* in Java.
In Oceania it is known as nila grass in Papua New Guinea; *co gadrogadro*, *`{{not a typo|wa ngandrongandro ni wa ngalelevu}}`{=mediawiki}*, or *`{{not a typo|wa ngandrongandro levu}}`{=mediawiki}* in Fiji; *vao fefe palagi* or *la\'au fefe palagi* in Samoa and the American Samoa; *singbiguin sasa* in Saipan; *mechiuaiuu* in Palau; and *pikika\'a papa\'a* in the Cook Islands.
## Description
*Mimosa diplotricha* grows as an erect shrub or a scrambling climber, reaching a height of around 3 m. Its leaves are bipinnate and bright green with a feathery appearance. They are arranged alternately along the stems. Each leaf contains around twenty pairs of small sessile lanceolate leaflets arranged opposite each other. Each leaflet measures around 6 to long and 1.5 mm wide. Like the related *Mimosa pudica*, the leaves are sensitive to touch, and will curl up if disturbed.
The stems are characteristically very long. They are squarish in cross-section, with four ridges running lengthwise. A dense row of very sharp recurved thorns run along the ridges, each around 3 to long. The flowers are pale pink and looks like a clustered fluffy ball. They are around 12 mm in diameter and arise from short stalks from the leaf joints. The corolla is fused (gamopetalous), and there are two stamens for every petal.
The flowers develop into clustered slightly curved seed pods. Each seed pod is more or less flat and covered with small prickles. They are around 10 to long and 6 mm wide. The seeds are oval-shaped and flat, each around 2 to long and 0.6 to thick. They are light brown and polished in appearance. They are dispersed through running water or by sticking to fur or clothing. They can remain dormant for up to 50 years.
## Distribution
*Mimosa diplotricha* is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of South America and Central America, including parts of the Caribbean. It is not known, however, if the species is native to North America.
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# Mimosa diplotricha
## Invasive species {#invasive_species}
*Mimosa diplotricha* is fast-growing and can tolerate a wide range of soil and climate conditions. Left alone, they can form impenetrable thickets within a short period that can affect movement of both people and animals, as well as planted crops. All parts of the plant are toxic to grazing animals.
*Mimosa diplotricha* is extremely invasive and rapidly colonizes areas it is introduced to. The earliest records of *Mimosa diplotricha* outside of the Americas is in Java, Indonesia in 1900; Queensland, Australia in 1929; and Fiji in 1936. Since then, it has rapidly spread and naturalized throughout Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands (including Hawaii), northern regions of Australia, and parts of Africa in the latter half of the 20th century
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# Ralph Bunbury
Lieutenant **Ralph Bunbury** (died 15 August 1808), of the 95th Rifles, is known for having been the first British Army officer casualty in the Peninsular War.
Bunbury was killed at Óbidos, Portugal
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# Norm Standlee
**Norman S. Standlee** (July 19, 1919 -- January 5, 1981) was an American professional football player who was a fullback and, later in his career, linebacker for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Stanford Indians (now Cardinal) and was selected by the Chicago Bears in the first round of the 1941 NFL draft with the third overall pick. He paid immediate dividends by finishing fourth in the league in rushing with a total of 414 yards and second in average per carry with 5.1. He helped the Chicago Bears to the league championship title over the New York Giants that year before serving in the armed forces in World War II.
Standlee was also the first fullback for the San Francisco 49ers of the All-America Football Conference, playing with Frankie Albert, Johnny Strzykalski, and Len Eshmont in that first backfield of the 49ers.
On January 5, 1981, he died of natural causes in a motel room. He was 61
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# Niederhollabrunn
**Niederhollabrunn** is a town in the district of Korneuburg in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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# Efraim Racker
**Efraim Racker** (June 28, 1913 -- September 9, 1991) was an Austrian biochemist who was responsible for identifying and purifying Factor 1 (F1), the first part of the ATP synthase enzyme to be characterised. F1 is only a part of a larger ATP synthase complex known as Complex V. It is a peripheral membrane protein attached to component Fo, which is integral to the membrane.
## Early life {#early_life}
Efraim Racker was born to a Jewish family in 1913 in Neu Sandez, Austrian Galicia, and grew up in Vienna. His elder brother, Heinrich Racker, was to become a famous psychoanalyst. Efraim Racker was studying medicine at the University of Vienna when Hitler invaded in 1938. Racker fled to Great Britain, where he took a job in a mental hospital in Wales. His research focused on the biochemical causes for mental diseases. During the war, Racker was given the opportunity to practice medicine, but he decided to move to the United States to continue his research.
## Career
In the U.S., he accepted a position as a research associate in physiology at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis from 1941 to 1942. While investigating the biochemical basis for brain diseases, he discovered that the polio virus inhibited glycolysis in the brains of mice. He eventually left his research position for a job as a physician at the Harlem Hospital in New York City. In 1944 he became an associate professor of microbiology at the New York University Medical School, where he continued his work on glycolysis.
In 1952 he accepted a position at Yale Medical School, but left after two years to accept the position of chief of the Nutrition and Physiology Department at the Public Health Research Institute of the City of New York. It was here that Racker demonstrated that glycolysis was dependent on ATPase and the continuous regeneration of ADP and phosphate. Maynard E. Pullam joined Racker\'s staff in 1953, and decided to uncover the mechanism of ATP synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Joined by Anima Datta and Harvey S. Penefsky, they set out to identify the enzymes used in ATP synthesis.
Racker left the Public Health Research Institute in 1966 to found the biochemistry department at Cornell University. He continued his research at Cornell, and was awarded many honors and prizes, including the Warren Triennial Prize in 1974, the National Medal of Science in 1976, the Gairdner Award in 1980, and the America Society of Biological Chemistry\'s Sober Memorial Lectureship. In addition, he was appointed to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. Efraim Racker died in 1991, but not before coining the phrase, \"Don\'t waste clean thinking on dirty enzymes,\" which is often quoted as one of \"The Ten Commandments of Enzymology\".
## Discovery
Racker and his associates, Anima Datta, Maynard Pullmand, and Harvey Penefsky, worked to isolate the enzymes involved in ATP synthesis. They observed that isolated mitochondrial fragments were capable of respiration but not able to synthesize ATP. Racker and his co-workers concluded that oxidative phosphorylation could be restored by addition of the supernatant from the centrifuging. The complex making this restoration possible was named Factor 1 or F1 as it is a necessary coupling factor for ATPase activity. This discovery of the first enzyme of oxidative phosphorylation was identified and purified in 1960.
The factor that binds F1 to the membrane, Fo, was discovered later in conjunction with Yasuo Kagawa. This particle was found to be sensitive to the antibiotic oligomycin and thus named Fo. This discovery had the added benefit of silencing any critics of the role of F1 in oxidative phosphorylation because it conferred oligomycin sensitivity on the ATPase activity complex. Once both of these factors were identified Racker was able to confirm Peter D. Mitchell\'s hypothesis that contrary to popular opinion, ATP synthesis was not coupled to respiration through a high-energy intermediate but instead by a transmembrane proton gradient.
F1 is a critical part of ATP synthesis within the mitochondria. In its absence, Complex V is not able to create the proton gradient necessary to produce ATP. It is responsible for coupling the oxidation of nutrients to the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphates.
On September 6, 1991, Racker was felled by a severe stroke, and died in Syracuse three days after
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# Michael Welner
**Michael Mark Welner** (born September 24, 1964) is an American forensic psychiatrist and chairman of The Forensic Panel.
Welner is known for his work in litigation. He has served as forensic psychiatric examiner in national and international court proceedings. Welner has introduced several approaches in forensic science, forensic psychiatry and justice, including protocols for peer review in forensic medicine consultation, research to standardize an evidence-based distinction of the worst crimes, The Depravity Standard, and recommendations for changes in forensic assessment. He has been featured in news coverage of forensic psychiatry issues, has authored publications for professional and public audiences, and has contributed to emerging legislation on mental health reform.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Welner was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on September 24, 1964, the youngest of four children. His parents were born in Poland and lost their families in the Holocaust. His father Nick was civil engineer; his mother Barbara, who dropped out of school as refugee during World War II, entered nursing school in Great Britain unable to speak English and finished as valedictorian, going on to specialize in gerontology. Welner\'s oldest sister, Sandra Welner, was a Maryland-based gynecologist who fought through severe neurological disabilities suffered in a stroke became internationally renowned for her medical research and advocacy for the medical care of the disabled.
Welner graduated high school at the age of 15, and then attended the University of Miami, where he earned a B.S. in biology. He then attended and graduated from the University of Miami School of Medicine. As an undergraduate and medical student at the University of Miami, he announced radio play-by-play for the University of Miami Hurricanes baseball and football teams, which he later credited as his best training for future success as a testifying expert witness.
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# Michael Welner
## Career
Welner has maintained a clinical practice since 1992, specializing in patients who have difficulty responding to treatment, and has been Board Certified in Psychiatry, Forensic Psychiatry, Psychopharmacology and Disaster Medicine. He is married to Orli Welner, a corporate attorney.
### Cases
#### *State of New York vs. Pedro Hernandez* {#state_of_new_york_vs._pedro_hernandez}
Nearly 40 years after Etan Patz disappeared, Pedro Hernandez was arrested in connection with his kidnapping and murder.
Prosecutors first involved Welner at the early stages after the arrest, before filing charges, to consider defense claims from several psychologists that Hernandez was mentally ill and intellectually disabled and falsely confessed. Welner interviewed Hernandez for sixteen hours, studied confessions he had made many years earlier to a prayer group and to a fiancée, and more recent confessions he made to police interrogators and medical staff Welner concluded that Hernandez confessed because he felt intense guilt and that the spontaneous, voluntary confessions Hernandez made decades earlier to a prayer group and his fiancée couldn\'t be attributed to a psychiatric condition.
The case proceeded to trial in 2015. Eleven jurors voted guilty, with one holdout juror remaining after nearly three weeks of deliberation. Welner testified for prosecutors at the original trial and then at the retrial, in which a jury unanimously rendered a guilty verdict to Hernandez in early 2017. Among other points, Welner told jurors it was possible Hernandez tried to minimize the damage he\'d done even though he confessed. \"It is not remarkable at all for a person to recall a sequence of events and to portray it in a way that is as unremarkable as possible, scrubbing away details ... (creating a) much more detached relationship between that person and a victim.\"
#### *U.S. vs. Brian David Mitchell* {#u.s._vs._brian_david_mitchell}
Brian David Mitchell, a self-proclaimed prophet, was charged along with his wife in connection with the 2002 kidnapping of Elizabeth Smart. In a case involving the complexities of determining religious zeal from psychosis, Mitchell had been found not competent to stand trial in 2005. Mitchell then began a consistent pattern of singing hymns in court and silence to forensic examiners.
Subsequent evaluations in a state hospital, with which Mitchell did not cooperate, deemed Mitchell to be unchanged -- and therefore incompetent. The case was contemplated for dismissal in state court when federal prosecutors asked Welner to study the matter to a definitive end. Welner filed a detailed 206-page report on Mitchell's competency, highlighting information relevant to the case, and testified to his conclusions that Mitchell was competent. At a 2010 hearing, Justice Dale Kimball ruled Mitchell was competent to proceed.
The case proceeded to trial, where Welner testified that Mitchell was a pedophile, a sadist, personality disordered, and not legally insane. His testimony drew particular attention to cognitive distortions as they differ from delusions, and culture-specific beliefs of fundamentalist LDS adherents. Mitchell was convicted and sentenced to life in prison. The defense waived its right to appeal.
Welner was also the principal mental health consultant to prosecutors of the NXIVM sect leader Keith Raniere, as well as the sect leader Lori Vallow.
#### *State vs. Byran Uyesugi* {#state_vs._byran_uyesugi}
Byran Uyesugi, a forty-year-old Xerox service technician, killed seven of his co-workers on November 2, 1999, in Hawaii. Uyesugi began working for Xerox in 1984. He began making unfounded accusations of harassment and product tampering against fellow repairmen. Coworkers told Welner, who interviewed family, friends, neighbors, co-workers, and Uyesugi prior to trial, that as early as 1995, Uyesugi was openly speaking of carrying out a mass shooting at the workplace were he ever to be fired.
After working around his refusal to train on a new machine, Uyesugi\'s manager insisted on November 1, 1999, that he would begin training the next day. Instead, Uyesugi came to work the next day and shot his colleagues dead, after calmly waiting by the water fountain, after calmly waiting by the water fountain with \"butterflies in his stomach,\" he later told Welner, as he contemplated the shooting before going through with it.
Uyesugi pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity and claimed that he feared his colleagues were conspiring to have him fired. Welner testified for the prosecution that although Uyesugi was in his opinion a schizophrenic, \"He knew what he was doing was wrong, and he simply did not care. The jury found him sane and guilty of seven murders and one attempted murder after only 75 minutes of deliberation. He received a sentence of life without chance of parole. In 2002, the State of Hawaii Supreme Court upheld Uyesugi\'s conviction.
Welner has consulted to courts or examined perpetrators on mass shooting and attempted mass shooting cases, including Colorado\'s James Holmes, NBC gunman William Tager, corrections officer George Banks, who killed 13, Tavares Calloway, and bias-hatred mass shooters Richard Baumhammers and Ronald Taylor. He testified before the United States Congress and elsewhere with proposals to eliminate mass homicide as a phenomenon.
#### *State of Alabama vs. Harvey Updyke* {#state_of_alabama_vs._harvey_updyke}
Harvey Updyke, a fanatic of Alabama Crimson Tide football, was charged with poisoning the iconic trees at Auburn University\'s Toomer\'s Corner in 2011.
The case reflected on the forensic psychiatric significance of fans\' response to emotional defeats, as evidenced by the Auburn defeat of Alabama in November 2010, and the social culture of spectator sports message boards. Welner reviewed the Updyke history and appraise the boundaries of sports fanaticism vs. mental illness, assess his mental state and criminal responsibility. Updyke pleaded guilty prior to trial.
Welner also engaged mental health issues related to the culture of professional sports as the forensic psychiatry examiner in the manslaughter trial of former NBA star Jayson Williams, and the death investigation of wrestling champion Chris Benoit.
#### *State of Texas vs. Andrea Yates* {#state_of_texas_vs._andrea_yates}
Andrea Yates was prosecuted by the State of Texas for the murder of her five children. She claimed legal insanity as a defense at trial for the murder of three of her children. In 2002, Yates was convicted of murder, and sentenced her to life imprisonment. In 2005, the conviction was overturned because the prosecution witness, Park Dietz, falsely testified that Yates\' behavior and defense was identical to an earlier episode of Law & Order. In anticipation of the 2006 retrial for the drowning of her five children, Welner was asked to assess her diagnosis and Yates\' appreciation of the wrong of killing her children at the time of the crime, the criteria for legal insanity. In the videotaped interview with Welner, Yates admitted that she had actually determined to kill the children two months earlier and at a time of relative stability, and was waiting for her first occasion to be alone with them. She knew she would otherwise be stopped. Welner diagnosed Yates with psychotic depression, but concluded that she elected to kill her children because she was overwhelmed, timed with the departure of her mother-in-law that left her as sole caregiver of her five children. Welner also discovered that Andrea Yates locked up the family dog, which was usually free to run around in the house, before drowning the children. Welner included this as one of 68 examples of Yates\' appreciation of the wrong of killing her children at the time it happened.
Welner has been the principal examiner in other insanity defense cases and cases, involving child killing within the family, including John Alan Rubio.
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# Michael Welner
## Career
### Cases
#### *State of Louisiana vs. Damon Thibodeaux* {#state_of_louisiana_vs._damon_thibodeaux}
Damon Thibodeaux confessed in 1996 to raping and murdering a cousin, Crystal Champagne. He was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death. District Attorney Paul Connick asked Welner to review the available evidence, the circumstances of the interrogation and the setting in which it occurred, as well as Thibodeaux\' vulnerabilities, to inform their decision-making about the case. Welner also conducted a videotaped interview of Thibodeaux, in a case that featured considerable cooperation by prosecution and defense with his protocol. According to Welner, the confession was false because physical findings contradicted Thibodeaux\' statements. He issued a 53-page opinion addressing the causes and factors leading to the false confession. These included the defendant\'s profound guilt over the fate of his cousin, being confronted with his failed polygraph, and police convincing him that what Thibodeaux himself conceded were false statements in the interrogation clinched his guilt and made continuing denials hopeless. Following Welner\'s conclusions, the District Attorney moved to vacate the confession and Thibodeaux was released. The murder of Crystal Champagne remains under investigation.
Welner has examined other cited disputed confession cases in North American courts, including the killer of New York Socialite Linda Stein and the Albuquerque murder investigation of Victoria Martens.
#### *State of Kansas vs. Cheever* {#state_of_kansas_vs._cheever}
Scott Cheever was arrested for the shooting death of Sheriff Matthew Samuels at a rural methamphetamine lab. When defense attorneys raised the prospect of a psychiatric defense, federal prosecutors retained Welner to examine criminal responsibility claims, ranging from psychiatric diagnoses to the effects of methamphetamine. Welner\'s review of the case included a videotaped interview of the defendant, in which they discussed the events of the crime, his movements before and during the shooting of Samuels, and what was influencing his decisions.
Cheever was convicted and eventually sentenced to death.
The Kansas Supreme Court reversed the verdict, and ruled that the trial court erred in permitting prosecutors to call Welner as a witness because an intoxication defense was not a mental health defense. In the court\'s opinion, the error required a new trial because Welner\'s testimony included a detailed accounting of Cheever\'s actions in his own words, and was, \"extensive and devastating.\" In a rare outcome, The United States Supreme Court then unanimously reversed the Kansas Supreme Court, ruling that an intoxication defense, when raised by a defendant, waived a Fifth Amendment protection, that prosecutors had a right to call Welner in rebuttal, and reinstated the verdict and death sentence.
#### *U.S. vs. Omar Khadr* {#u.s._vs._omar_khadr}
Khadr, a fifteen-year-old Canadian expatriate living in Afghanistan, was charged with the killing of U.S. Army medic Christopher Speer at an al-Qaeda safe house in Khost. Khadr was captured by American forces on July 27, 2002, and held first in Bagram, Afghanistan and then at Guantanamo Bay detention camp. He was prosecuted through a U.S. military tribunal.
The Department of Defense engaged Welner to examine claims by Khadr that his confessions were coerced, or alternatively, that he was too immature to withstand interrogation. Welner reviewed the available interrogations and secured access to intelligence sources and Khadr\'s classified file. He interviewed guards, interrogators, medical personnel, Guantanamo camp commanders, intelligence data analysts, and then, Khadr himself. According to Welner Khadr\'s confessions were the product of his being confronted with later-recovered video of his assembling bombs, and video of his asserting that he wanted to kill many Americans. Welner\'s inquiry also led him to repudiate defense claims that Khadr had been tortured.
Military prosecutors also asked Welner to assess Khadr\'s likelihood of recidivism into radical jihadism upon release, for presentation at a sentencing hearing. Welner based his assessment on clinical data, research on deradicalization programs, research on incarcerated Muslim youth, and statistics of recidivism of Guantanamo detainees. At the sentencing proceeding, Welner testified that Khadr was a high risk of recidivism into activities providing support for jihadist terrorism, although he did not expect him to be directly violent. Factors contributing to Welner\'s opinion included Khadr\'s continued strong enmeshment with his jihadist family and its legacy, the international and financial infrastructure available to him, his stature among other detainees, among other factors. Referencing Mr. Khadr\'s evolution at Guantanamo, Welner\'s testimony noted that then 24-year-old Khadr had been \"marinating in jihad,\" and how the deputy camp commander characterized him as a \"rock star\" to other inmates who engaged him to lead them.
Welner has consulted to the United States government on other terrorism cases as well, including the accused planners of 9-11 and the alleged mastermind of the USS Cole Bombing.
### The Forensic Panel {#the_forensic_panel}
Welner is the founder and chairman of The Forensic Panel, a forensic practice which incorporates a structured peer-review process into its consultations. This peer-review approach, as established by The Forensic Panel, is designed to provide an additional layer of scrutiny by having practitioners evaluate forensic assessments for alignment with professional standards. The Forensic Panel includes over thirty professionals who offer consultation in fields such as psychiatry, psychology, neuroradiology, emergency and critical care medicine, nursing, toxicology, and pathology.
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# Michael Welner
## Career
### Research
Welner has researched an evidence-based approach for courts and juries tasked with defining \"heinous,\" \"depraved,\" and \"evil\" crimes in sentencing determinations. The Depravity Standard outlines twenty-five components of intent, actions, victimology, and attitudes associated with criminal offenses. This research emphasizes the importance of gathering objective evidence rather than relying on impressionistic arguments, aiming to establish a methodology that minimizes bias related to race, diagnosis, prognosis, socioeconomics, or other personal factors. The application of the Depravity Standard distinguishes particular crimes by their severity relative to other comparable crimes. For example, the Depravity Standard\'s application will enable the distinction of the worst of murder relative to other murders, the worst of assault relative to other assaults, and the worst of white collar crimes and thefts relative to comparable crimes.
The Depravity Standard is an inventory of evidence concerning to the different stages of a crime -- before, during, and after. The Depravity Scale, an internet-based series of surveys and a component of the Depravity Standard research, has established public consensus for what aspects of a crime are most heinous. The Depravity Standard, informed in part by this data, by higher court decisions, and by evidence from adjudicated cases, is not a psychological evaluation or test. Rather, it is an inventory to guide inexperienced jurors on what qualities of a crime may distinguish its severity if they believe them to be present.
Welner\'s research has also led to the development of the Clinical Inventory of the Everyday Extreme and Outrageous (CIEEO), a 14-item inventory of non-criminal everyday evil reflecting a range of an actor\'s intent and effects on a victim. Unlike the Depravity Standard, the CIEEO is intended for clinical and screening contexts to highlight behaviors that warrant treatment or other intervention in order to prevent consequences at home, workplace, or community. The CIEEO is inspired by the goals of vigilance for child abuse -- namely, detection and identification being the first step toward intervention and treatment of the worst of behaviors.
Welner researched and developed the typology for classifying drug-facilitated sex assaulters. Such offenders are distinguished by setting, be it workplace, in social interactions, or doctors. The offenders found in each of these separate settings exhibit particular qualities.
### Public policy {#public_policy}
Welner was a contributor in a range of proposals within landmark mental health reform legislation that passed the United States Congress in 2016. He testified to lawmakers on multiple occasions prior to the bill\'s eventual passage. Apart from advocating various ideas to expand crisis mental health services and to attract talent to treat the underserved, Welner also argued for the reform of commitment law, and reform of HIPAA, as a means to prevent both suicide and homicide outcomes. Welner was under consideration by the Trump Administration as Assistant Secretary of Mental Health in the Department of Health and Human Services, a position created to direct mental health and substance abuse policy in the United States.
Among his writings, Welner had long advocated for change in the integrity of forensic mental health through the videotaping of forensic psychiatry interviews, transparent exchange of notes, and peer review. His efforts to mandate videotaping of forensic mental health interviews resulted in laws passed in Illinois and Colorado.
In 1992 and 1993, Welner was a media coordinator and spokesperson for the Ross Perot presidential election campaign in New York and the citizen action organization United We Stand America, also in New York. During the 1992 election campaign, Welner debated in support of Perot against other candidates\' representatives.
### Media
Welner has been a contributor to network news programs. He was a forensic science consultant to ABC News\' Law and Justice unit, and familiar to many viewers in particular of *Good Morning America* and 20/20. He has otherwise been a regular contributor to CNN, Fox News, *Larry King Live*, Bill Bennett\'s *Morning in America*, and the *Dr. Oz Show*, on issues relating to forensic psychiatry and forensic science
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# Gerry Sklavounos
**Gerry Sklavounos** (born December 16, 1974) is a former Quebec politician. He was the Member of the National Assembly for the electoral district of Laurier-Dorion. He is currently an international public affairs and business development consultant at Hygaemon Strategy Corp..
## Early life and career {#early_life_and_career}
Gerry Sklavounos was born on December 16, 1974, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He moved into Laurier-Dorion when he was six years old. He went to Vanier College for CEGEP and graduated in 1994. He earned bachelor\'s degrees in civil and common law from the McGill University Faculty of Law in 1998.
Sklavounos was called to the Quebec bar in 1999, and articled that year at the federal Department of Justice, working on criminal prosecutions. He practiced criminal law for seven years before becoming a politician, working as legal aid layer for the Community Legal Centre of Montreal from 2000 to 2004 and in private practice with Silver Sandiford Attorneys from 2004 to 2007.
Sklavounos is a member of Montreal\'s Greek community and has served in executive positions with the Hellenic Canadian Congress and the Hellenic Scholarships Foundation. He was an adviser to the Hellenic Congress of Quebec from 2003 to 2007, the Vice President of public relations for the Hellenic Canadian Congress from 2006 to 2007, and a member of the board of directors for the Hellenic Scholarships Foundation in 2007.
## Provincial politics {#provincial_politics}
### 38th Quebec Legislature {#th_quebec_legislature}
Sklavounos was first elected to the Quebec National Assembly in the riding of Laurier-Dorion in the provincial general elections of March 26, 2007. Sklavounos defeated the then-incumbent Member of the Parti Québécois, Elsie Lefebvre, earning 39,66% of the vote versus Lefebvre\'s 36,06%.
Sklavounos was named Parliamentary Assistant to the Minister of Sustainable Development, Environment and Parks, Line Beauchamp, by Quebec Premier Jean Charest. Sklavounos was also named Vice-Chair of the Committee on Economy and Labour.
He was also Quebec\'s executive member of the U.S.-based National Conference of State Legislatures (N.C.S.L.) and Quebec\'s representative at the 9th meeting of the parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity held in Bonn, Germany, in May 2008.
### 39th Quebec Legislature {#th_quebec_legislature_1}
Sklavounos was re-elected as Member of the Quebec National Assembly for the riding of Laurier-Dorion in the provincial general elections of December 8, 2008, garnering 42.90% of the vote to defeat his Parti Québécois challenger Badiona Bazin who earned 33.82% of the vote.
In January 2009 Jean Charest appointed Sklavounos Parliamentary Assistant to the Minister of Health and Social Services, Dr. Yves Bolduc. Since May 2009, Sklavounos has also been a member of the Quebec section of the Francophone and Commonwealth Parliamentary Associations. In February 2011, Sklavounos was elected Chairman of the National Assembly\'s Committee on Health and Social Services, and gave up his parliamentary assistant position.
### 40th Quebec Legislature {#th_quebec_legislature_2}
Sklavounos was re-elected as Member of the Quebec National Assembly for Laurier-Dorion in the provincial elections of September 4, 2012, garnering 34.04% of the vote. He was named the Official Opposition critic for Higher Education on September 26, 2012, a position he held until he was named Liberal critic for Sustainable Development and the Environment on September 16, 2013. He also served as Official Opposition critic for sustainable development and the environment from September 16, 2013, to March 5, 2014.
*Le Devoir* columnist, Michel David, in his *Opposition Report Card* referred to Sklavounos in December 2012 as \"without a doubt the most efficient member of the new Liberal rat pack\".
### 41st Quebec Legislature {#st_quebec_legislature}
Sklavounos was re-elected in the provincial election held on April 7, 2014, garnering 46.2% of the vote representing 15 566 votes. He defeated Québec Solidaire\'s Andrés Fontecilla and the Parti Québécois\' Pierre Céré who had 27.7% and 15.9% of the vote respectively.
Upon forming his new government, Philippe Couillard appointed Sklavounos Deputy Government House Leader on April 14. Sklavounos was also designated a Member of the Québec Branch of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, a Member of the National Assembly Delegation for Relations with the United States (DANREU), Vice-Chair of the Québec Branch of the Parliamentary Confederation of the Americas, and Representative of the Québec Secretariat and Executive Committee of COPA.
On October 20, 2016, Sklavounos stepped down from the Liberal caucus on the day a woman from Quebec City alleged that he sexually assaulted her in 2014. Sklavounos stated that he was innocent and would act to protect his reputation. A week after the incident was first reported, Sklavounos took leave from the National Assembly, citing medical reasons.
On February 2, 2017, following an investigation by Québec City Police, Sklavounos was exonerated by the Director of Criminal and Penal Prosecutions who concluded that \"no criminal act had been committed\".
On May 11, 2018, Sklavounos announced that he would not be seeking re-election in order to afford more time to his growing family.
## Other functions {#other_functions}
Since 2009, Sklavounos has been a member of the World Hellenic Interparliamentary Association (W.H.I.A.) and represented Canada on its executive committee from 2015 until 2019.
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# Gerry Sklavounos
## Personal life and honours {#personal_life_and_honours}
In June 2010, the Greek America Foundation selected Sklavounos as one of North America\'s top 40 leaders of Hellenic origin under 40 years of age.
In October 2012, he was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal for his contribution to Quebec society.
In 2017, he received his 10-year Parliamentary Life plaque from the National Assembly of Quebec.
Gerry Sklavounos is married and has three children
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# East Journal on Approximations
The **East Journal on Approximations** is a journal about approximation theory published in Sofia, Bulgaria
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East Journal on Approximations
| 0 |
10,986,856 |
# Transkripsi
***Transkripsi*** is the twelfth studio album from Malaysian pop singer-songwriter Siti Nurhaliza and has been touted as Malaysia\'s Best Album of 2006. It also hailed as Siti\'s best album ever. The album was released on 23 April 2006 in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei and at a later time in Indonesia. Siti performed the first single, \"Biarlah Rahsia\", at the Anugerah Planet Muzik in 2006 which was aired live from Singapore, weeks before the actual release date. The album features of what Siti describes as \"the assemble of emotions or feelings which combined as one for as long as we live\". The album has sold over 80 thousand copies. The album has been nominated for the Best Vocal Performance in an Album (Female), Best Album Cover and Best Music Video, won Best Pop Album and Best Album at the Anugerah Industri Muzik in 2007.
This album became Siti Nurhaliza\'s first album to be produced by her own company, Siti Nurhaliza Productions (SNP) after she left Suria Records in 2005, but Suria Records remains as the distributor of her albums until *Tahajjud Cinta*.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Charts
### Album
Year Chart Position
------ ------------------------------------------ ----------
2007 Top 10 best-selling local albums of 2006 2
### Singles
Year Single Chart Peak position
------ ------------------------- ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2006 \"Biarlah Rahsia\" Carta ERA, Hot FM, Suria FM 1
\"Bisakah\" MTV Jus, Muzik Muzik, Hits 1, Suria FM 1
\"Siti Situ Sana Sini\" Carta ERA, Hot FM, X-Fresh FM, Suria FM 1
\"Bila Harus Memilih\" Hot FM 30, Suria FM 1
2007 \"Pastikan\" Carta ERA, Hot FM, Xfresh FM, Suria FM 1
\"Destinasi Cinta\" Carta ERA, Hot FM, Suria FM 11, {{#tag:ref\|Destinasi Cinta is the only song in the *Transkripsi* album which is not charted in first place in Carta Era due to lack of vote from listeners as a result of competition from Hot FM which is the Era FM's main rival
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# Information Tribunal
The **Information Tribunal** was a tribunal non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom. It was established as the **Data Protection Tribunal** to hear appeals under the Data Protection Act 1984. Its name was changed to reflect its wider responsibilities under other freedom of information legislation, as it then heard appeals from notices issued by Information Commissioner under two Acts of Parliament, the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Freedom of Information Act 2000, and two related Statutory Instruments, the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003 and the Environmental Information Regulations 2004.
In 2010 the tribunal became part of the General Regulatory Chamber of the First-tier Tribunal, referred to as the First-tier Tribunal (Information Rights), as part of the reform of the structure of the UK system of tribunals.
The last Chairman of the tribunal was lawyer John Angel, formerly of Clifford Chance, and now a consultant with Jomati and a Visiting Professorial Fellow at Queen Mary, University of London.[1](https://web.archive.org/web/20071212084933/http://www.law.qmul.ac.uk/people/academic/angel.html) There were nine Deputy Chairmen, all of whom were experienced solicitors or barristers
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# Lilac Festival (Calgary)
**Lilac festival** is an annual street festival held in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The festival has grown to entertain over 100,000 people each spring. The lilac (*Syringa*) flowers are often blooming throughout the area at this time.
The festival takes place in the Beltline and Mission neighborhoods, along the thirteen blocks of 4th Street between 12th Avenue SW and Elbow Drive, and also on 17th Avenue between 2nd Street and 5th Street SW. It is an all day free event and is open to all ages. The festival features over 500 vendors such as entertainment stages, street dancing, musical talent, artisan vendors, food, and other business stalls. The festival also includes bouncy castles for young children.
## History
The Lilac Festival started out as a small neighborhood celebration in 1989 by the Cliff Bungalow-Mission Community Association and the 4th Street Business Revitalization Zone. In 2005 it had an estimated 120,000 attendance. Lilac Festival was voted Calgary\'s best free festival in 2006.
In 2023, the festival was held on June 4.
Image:lilac_fest_2007.jpg\|\"The Lilac Festival\" in Calgary\'s Mission district Image:bellydancer_lilac_2007.jpg\|Belly Dancer Image:knight_lilac_2007.jpg\|Knight in shining armour Image:balloonlady_lilac_2007.jpg\|The balloon lady
In 2018, the approximate attendance was over 100,000 people.
The festival was not held in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but resumed in 2022.
## Sponsors
Multiple organizations sponsored the 2023 Lilac Festival:
- TD Bank
- [The City of Calgary](http://www.calgary.ca/SitePages/cocis/default.aspx)
- Alberta Culture and Tourism
- Alberta Foundations for the Arts
- [4th Street BIA](https://www.4streetcalgary.com)
- [17th Avenue BIA](https://17thave.ca/)
Media Sponsor was Calgary-based radio station X92
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# Bithyniidae
**Bithyniidae** is a family of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.
Their minute shell is often colored. They are characterized by a calcareous operculum, a lobe on the upper surface of the neck. The ctenidium, the respiratory gill-comb, is very broad. They have a ciliary feeding habit. The kidney has a large extension towards the mantle
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# Rußbach
**Rußbach** is a town in the district of Korneuburg in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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# 31 Service Battalion
**31 Service Battalion** is a combat service support unit of The Canadian Army Reserve in 31 Canadian Brigade. The unit was formed in 2010 when 21 (Windsor) Service Battalion, 22 (London) Service Battalion, 23 (Hamilton) Service Battalion and elements of Area Support Unit London were merged into one formation.
## Unit history {#unit_history}
The unit\'s predecessor was Hamilton Service Battalion, formed on 1 January 1965. The new battalion was made up of four units, 133 Company Royal Canadian Army Service Corps (RCASC), 16 Medical Company Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps (RCAMC), 5 Technical Regiment Royal Canadian Electrical Mechanical Engineers (RCEME), 4 Ordnance Company Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps (RCOC), a platoon of Military Police and members of the Canadian Women\'s Army Corps. The unit became part of the Hamilton Militia District. The Hamilton Service Battalion, originally Stationed at the Burlington Street Armouries, marched to its present location at CFRB Hamilton in April 1968, Where it is collocated with HMCS Star and 23 Field Ambulance.
Hamilton Service Battalion remained unchanged until 1974 when transformation reached the militia, the Service Support Corps were disbanded and replaced with the branches we have in place today. Soldiers were issued with the distinctive environmental uniform and combats replacing the World War Two battle dress and Korean vintage bush dress, the rank structure also changed at this time. Pay at this time was \$12.00 per day and was paid twice yearly there were no additional benefits provided.
The next major change occurred in 1975 when all Service Battalions were numbered and we became 23 (Hamilton) Service Battalion. The numbering system is based on geography. All Ontario Service Battalions with the exception of Thunder Bay are affiliated with 2 Service Battalion a regular force unit based in Petawawa Ontario. Thus Hamilton became 23, London 22, Windsor 21.
In 1976 the Medical Company became an independent unit known as 23 Medical Company, Canadian Forces Medical Services.
On 3 November 2001, the battalion (in its former designation as 23 Service Battalion) was granted Freedom of the City of Hamilton by Mayor Bob Wade.
With the closing of the Militia Districts and the formation of the Brigade system, 23 Service Battalion became part of 31 Brigade Group headquartered in London, Ontario. 31 Brigade encompasses most of South Western Ontario. 31 Service share the responsibility of providing Combat Service Support to 31 Brigade with 21 Windsor, 22 London, and 23 Hamilton Support Companies. The Military Police became a Brigade asset and were transferred to Headquarters in London.
23 Service Battalion was last commanded by Lieutenant Colonel J. Newton CD and the Regimental Sergeant Major is Chief Warrant Officer R.M. Hewins CD before being tactically grouped with 21 (Windsor) and 22 (London) Service Battalions under the command of LCol R. Hewins CD and the Regimental Sergeant Major CWO Gaudet CD in preparation for the amalgamation of the three service battalions into a single unit---31 Service Battalion---as Hamilton, London, and Windsor Support Companies.
The history of the unit\'s command teams are as follows: Commanding Officers - Lieutenant Colonel R.A. Phillips, CD Lieutenant Colonel C. Poole, CD Lieutenant Colonel S. Harding, CD Lieutenant Colonel B. Medd, CD Lieutenant Colonel S. Briand, CD Lieutenant Colonel D.E. Meehan, CD
Regimental Sergeants Major - Chief Warrant Officer R. Guadet, CD Chief Warrant Officer J. Jurasko, CD Chief Warrant Officer M. Delarosbil, MMM CD Chief Warrant Officer R. Turnbull, CD Chief Warrant Officer R. Watkins, CD Chief Warrant Officer R. Gonsalves, CD
## Operational History {#operational_history}
### Overseas
Members of the battalion have served with NATO on Reforger Exercises in West Germany and in Norway, and with distinction on peacekeeping missions with the United Nations, NATO and multi-national forces, in Egypt, Cyprus, Golan Heights, Namibia, Cambodia, Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Rwanda and Afghanistan.
### Domestic
Unit members have also served on domestic operations during the Olympic Games in Canada, the blizzard of 1977 in the Niagara region, the Manitoba floods of 1997 and the ice storms of 1998 in eastern Ontario.
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# 31 Service Battalion
## Affiliations
31 Service Battalion is affiliated with the British Army\'s 158 Regiment RLC (formerly of the Royal Anglian Regiment). The units used to exchange annual training exercises where members of 158 Regiment undergo winter warfare training at 4th Canadian Division Training Centre Meaford, Ontario and 31 Service Battalion members would attend a fall exercise in England
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# Jacob Bender
**Jacob David Bender** (born April 25, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a guard and offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) and United Football League (UFL). He was selected by the New York Jets in the sixth round in the 2007 NFL draft. He played college football at Nicholls State University.
Bender was also a member of the New England Patriots, San Francisco 49ers, New York Giants, New Orleans Saints, Hartford Colonials, Washington Redskins, Carolina Panthers and York Capitals.
## Early life {#early_life}
Bender played high school football under Bill McGregor at the prestigious DeMatha Catholic High School in Hyattsville.
## College career {#college_career}
In 2004, Bender took over as the starting left tackle at Nicholls State, started every game during his career and became an All-Southland Conference selection. In the 2005 season Bender started every game and became an All-Southland Conference first-team and All-Louisiana second-team selection after allowing only 1.5 sacks, 76 pancake blocks, and 8 touchdown resulting blocks. In his final season of 2006, Bender was once again named to the All-Southland Conference and All-Louisiana teams after recording 87 pancake blocks, 8 touchdown resulting blocks and 0 sacks allowed.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### New York Jets {#new_york_jets}
Bender was drafted by the Jets in the sixth round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He was active for two games for the Jets in the 2007 season, and was waived by the team on August 30, 2008.
### New England Patriots {#new_england_patriots}
Bender was signed to the practice squad of the New England Patriots on September 1, 2008. He remained there until he was signed by the San Francisco 49ers on November 18.
### San Francisco 49ers {#san_francisco_49ers}
Bender was signed by the San Francisco 49ers off the New England Patriots\' practice squad on November 18, 2008 when offensive tackle Jonas Jennings was placed on injured reserve.
### New York Giants {#new_york_giants}
After being cut by the 49ers on September 5, 2009, Bender was signed to the New York Giants practice squad on September 16. On January 5, 2010 Bender was signed to a reserved/future contract. On September 4, 2010, Bender was waived by the Giants.
### New Orleans Saints {#new_orleans_saints}
Bender was signed to the New Orleans Saints practice squad on September 13, 2010.
### Washington Redskins {#washington_redskins}
Bender was signed to the Washington Redskins practice squad on November 23, 2010.
### Carolina Panthers {#carolina_panthers}
On December 29, 2010, Bender was signed by the Panthers to their practice squad. His contract was extended on January 14, 2011. He was cut on September 3, 2011.
### York Capitals {#york_capitals}
Bender started playing for the York Capitals of American Indoor Football in 2014
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# Herb Taylor (American football)
**Herbert Reginald Taylor, II** (born September 22, 1984) is an American former professional football offensive tackle. He was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the sixth round of the 2007 NFL draft. He played college football at Texas Christian.
Taylor was also a member of the Denver Broncos, New York Giants, Las Vegas Locomotives, Green Bay Packers, and Jacksonville Jaguars.
## Early life {#early_life}
Taylor was a letterman in football, baseball and track at Hightower High School in the Houston area before playing college football at Texas Christian University (TCU) in Fort Worth.
## College career {#college_career}
At TCU, he started all 48 games of his college career, a school record.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Kansas City Chiefs {#kansas_city_chiefs}
Taylor was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the sixth round, with the 196th overall pick, of the 2007 NFL draft. He officially signed with the team on July 25, 2007. He played in two games for the Chiefs in 2007. Taylor appeared in all 16 games, starting one, during the 2008 season. He was released by the Chiefs on September 4, 2009.
### Denver Broncos (first stint) {#denver_broncos_first_stint}
Taylor was signed by the Denver Broncos on December 9, 2009, released on December 19, signed again on December 29, and released again on January 2, 2010.
### New York Giants {#new_york_giants}
Taylor signed with the New York Giants on February 8, 2010. He was released on September 4, 2010.
### Las Vegas Locomotives {#las_vegas_locomotives}
Taylor was signed by the Las Vegas Locomotives of the United Football League on November 1, 2010. He played in two games for the Locomotives during the 2010 season.
### Denver Broncos (second stint) {#denver_broncos_second_stint}
Taylor signed with the Broncos on January 6, 2011. He was released on September 6, 2011.
### Green Bay Packers {#green_bay_packers}
Taylor was signed by the Green Bay Packers on December 20, 2011. He was released on August 24, 2012.
### Jacksonville Jaguars {#jacksonville_jaguars}
Taylor was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League on September 10, 2012. Six days later, he started at right guard against the Houston Texans due to an injury to Eben Britton. He played in two games, starting one, in 2012. Taylor was released on October 27, 2012
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# Sierndorf
**Sierndorf** is a town in the district of Korneuburg in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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# Vienna Chamber Orchestra
The **Vienna Chamber Orchestra** (**Wiener Kammer Orchester**, or **WKO**) is an Austrian chamber orchestra based at the Vienna Konzerthaus.
## History
The WKO was founded in 1946, and its first artistic directors were Franz Litschauer, Heinrich Hollreiser, Paul Angerer, and Carlo Zecchi. When he took over the position from 1976 to 1991, Philippe Entremont started a tradition of conductors playing a dual rôle, appearing as both conductor and soloist. Entremont has continued as the Orchestra\'s lifetime honorary conductor, leading it on tour and in its matinée subscription series at the Konzerthaus. In addition, the WKO has continued to invite dual-role artists, including Yehudi Menuhin, Heinz Holliger, Heinrich Schiff, and Ola Rudner.
Heinrich Schiff was chief conductor of the WKO from 2005 to 2008, when he stepped down from the post for health reasons. Stefan Vladar was the most recent chief conductor of the WKO, from 2008 to 2018. Since 2018, the WKO\'s principal guest conductor is Joji Hattori.
The commercial recordings of the WKO include the first complete recording of the symphonies of Joseph Haydn, conducted by Ernst Märzendorfer. This set received a very limited release and was little known at the time
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# The Disk
\"**The Disk**\" is a 1975 short story written by Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges. It appears in the collection *The Book of Sand*.
## Synopsis
The story deals with a woodcutter who lives in the midst of a deep wood in old England and who has never seen the sea. He tells the reader of the time a man appeared at his door and asked for lodging.
The woodcutter notes that the man was elderly, as the visitor referred to England as \"Saxony\" which was not in use at that time. The next day the visitor wishes to leave. Before he does, he claims that he is a King and is descended from Odin. He tells the woodcutter that he is exiled, but that he will always be a king because he holds the Disk of Odin.
The visitor claims the Disk of Odin is the sole thing in the world that has but one side. The visitor opens his hand and \"shows\" the disk. The woodcutter sees only an empty palm but when he touches it he feels a chill in his fingers and sees a flash. He lies that he has a full chest of gold and wants to trade it for the disk, but the visitor declines. When the visitor turns to leave, the woodcutter kills him with an axe and the visitor drops the disk face side down.
The woodcutter drags the visitor\'s body and throws it into the river. He then comes back and searches for the disk, which he never finds
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# Adventures In Missions (Texas)
**Adventures In Missions** (**AIM**) is a Christian apprentice missions program for college-age young people. The program is a part of Sunset International Bible Institute (SIBI) in Lubbock, Texas. Those accepted into the program spend eight months in studying and training at SIBI before being sent to mission fields around the world for a period of 14 to 22 months.
## History
In October 1973, sixteen young people came to Sunset International Bible Institute, which was called \"Sunset School of Preaching\" at the time, to be trained in Christian evangelism and mission work. These first students went as a team to Dublin, Ireland for their field service time. \"Sunset School of Preaching\" (SSOP) is what brought AIM alive. Cline Paden started SSOP (now known as Sunset International Bible Institute, SIBI) in 1962 soon after he completed missionary work. The school\'s purpose in the beginning was to teach motivated Spanish-speaking individuals to preach. Because of this, the school was named, \"Latin American Bible School\". After a period of time, the organization shifted its purpose to evangelism. Owing to the number of people joining the organization and the change of purpose, \"Latin American Bible School\" finally changed its name to \"Adventures In Missions\". In 1993 Cline Paden retired and the president position was passed to Truitt Adair. Truitt Adair has been president ever since and has continued the success of AIM.
## Program
Adventures In Missions operates on a schedule in which one new class of students is accepted and begins training each year. Young people interested in joining the AIM program must apply in advance. Applications are normally accepted starting in January for the class that begins in August of each year.
Accepted students move to Lubbock in August, where they are given an orientation and begin classes at SIBI. In addition to classroom study, the eight months of training in Lubbock also includes mentoring by AIM staff, opportunities for practical application outside of the classroom, weekly experience serving among area congregations, and occasional class trips for recruiting, equipping, and mission evangelism.
Starting about a month after classes begin each year, students are given presentations by visiting missionaries who desire to recruit teams from the class of students. The number of missionaries who recruit from a given class varies from year to year, but is typically between fifteen and twenty. Missionaries on fields both outside of and within the United States recruit from each year\'s AIM class. Following a time of prayer and reflection, each student is asked to submit his or her preferences about both the fields he or she would like to work on, as well as classmates that he or she would like to work on a team with. AIM staff members gather these preferences together and then spend over a month in prayer and collaboration forming the class into teams for specific mission fields.
In April, after the eight months of classes and training in Lubbock, the students are sent out as teams to their designated mission points around the world. During this field service time, AIM students work with experienced missionaries to spread the message of Christianity, teach children\'s classes, organize youth activities, serve the church, and work in humanitarian efforts. To fulfill graduation requirements, AIM requires that each student have a minimum stay of 14 months on his or her field, though many students choose to stay longer---up to 22 months or more, depending on their individual preferences.
## Purpose
AIM describes its purpose as spreading the knowledge of God and the Bible to others through missionary activities.
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# Adventures In Missions (Texas)
## Numbers
AIM has trained over 1600 students, over 1000 of whom have been sent to the mission field. In 2007, AIM stated that it had sent teams to a total of 170 mission points (100 mission points in 46 foreign countries and 70 mission points in 29 states). The average number of students accepted per year from 1973 through 2003 is 49, and from 2003 to 2006 it was 59. The 2006 class began with 62 young adults.
## AIM Alumni {#aim_alumni}
In 2009, former AIM students started the AIM Alumni Association on Facebook. Shortly after, the AIM Alumni Association began weekly blogging as a way to encourage and challenge their peers.
## AIM Staff {#aim_staff}
In 2017, Cory Burns replaces Kris Smith as director of Adventures in Missions, Smith serving as director for 17 years, both former \"AIMers\". Previous AIM directors include Jay Jarboe, Rex Boyles and Don Solomon. Burns travels everywhere that the students travel and makes sure that the students are on top of their studies. The Aim Advancement Coordinator is Pat Sheaffer, who is also an AIM alumni. Pat helps make the decisions on where to take the students and what they will be involved in. AIM would not be the same without him as he helps the students get to their destination. Pat also goes around the nation in order to recruit other students for the next year to come. The rest of the team consists of Robby Stephens and Barb Smith. Robby Stephens is the Staff Coordinator who helps make the events happen wherever the students go. If there were to be any questions, then the person who would have the answer would be Barb Smith\-\--the receptionist in the AIM office, located at Sunset Church of Christ
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# Chip Monck
**Edward Herbert Beresford**\"**Chip**\"**Monck** (born March 5, 1939) is an American Tony Award nominated lighting designer, most famously serving as the master of ceremonies at the 1969 Woodstock Festival.
## Personal history {#personal_history}
Monck was born in Wellesley, Massachusetts to a mother from Nutley, New Jersey and a father from Liverpool, England. He acquired the nickname \"Chip\" at a summer camp on Lake Winnipesaukee, in New Hampshire. While Monck went to the South Kent School on scholarships for ice hockey and crew, he became more interested in welding and machinery, designing a potato harvester that he sold to McCormick. He began volunteering with a summer theater group at Wellesley College, learning the basics of theatrical lighting from Greg Harney. He began auditing classes at Harvard while working with the university\'s theater company.
## Early career {#early_career}
Monck began working at the Greenwich Village nightclub The Village Gate in 1959, lighting comedians and jazz and folk artists, and living in the basement apartment under the club where Bob Dylan eventually wrote \"A Hard Rain\'s A-Gonna Fall\" on Monck\'s IBM Selectric typewriter. He began extensive relationships with both the Newport Folk Festival and the Newport Jazz Festival, lasting eight and nine years, respectively, while continuing to work at the Gate. He became friends with Charles Altman of the Altman Lighting Co., repairing equipment and borrowing lighting instruments to improve the stage lighting of the Gate. He began lighting the stage of the Apollo Theater in Harlem.
In 1967, he lit the Monterey Pop Festival, which featured the first major American appearances by Jimi Hendrix and The Who, as well as the first major public performances of Janis Joplin. Monck\'s work can be seen in the D. A. Pennebaker film *Monterey Pop*. That year, he also lit The Byrds at the Hollywood Bowl and his first Rolling Stones concert. The following year, he designed the distinctive half-shell stage at the Miami Pop Festival (December 1968), called the Flying Stage, that was one of the festival\'s two, simultaneously operating main stages. In 1969 he worked with Crosby, Stills and Nash in Europe, and began working with concert impresario Bill Graham, renovating the Fillmore theaters.
## Woodstock
In 1969 he lit the concert that would define his career and make him a public figure. Monck was hired to plan and build the staging and lighting for the Woodstock Music & Art Fair\'s \"Aquarian Exposition\" music festival. Paid \$7,000 for ten weeks of work, much of his plan had to be scrapped when the promoters were not allowed to use the original location in Wallkill, New York. The stage roof that was constructed in the shorter time available was not able to support the lighting that had been rented, which wound up sitting unused underneath the stage. The only light on the stage was from spotlights.
Just before the concert started, Monck was drafted as the master of ceremonies when Michael Lang noticed that they had forgotten to hire one. He can be heard (and seen) in recordings of Woodstock making the stage announcements, including requests to \"stay off the towers\" and the warning about the \"brown acid\".
## The Rolling Stones {#the_rolling_stones}
Four months after Woodstock, Monck and Lang planned the Altamont Free Concert for the Rolling Stones, which also had to move from the original planned location, but this time with unfortunate consequences. Members of the Hells Angels motorcycle club were hired to provide security for the concert with terrible results. Monck confronted a member of the Angels stealing a large custom carpet that was part of the Rolling Stones stage set and lost teeth being hit in the mouth with a pool cue. He later tracked down the person and managed to trade a case of brandy for the carpet.
Monck designed an innovative method of stage lighting for the 1972 tour. The Mirror Followspot System was created after Monck felt improvements were possible regarding the inconsistency in how close followspots were to the stage as the distance varied from arena to arena. Instead of raising 3,000 pounds of lamps to overhead trusses, Monck devised an alternate system - a 40\' x 8\' array of Mylar mirrors. A row of spotlights sitting on the floor behind the stage bounced light off the mirrors onto the stage.
| 715 |
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# Chip Monck
## Later career {#later_career}
In 1974, Monck was the host of *Speakeasy*, a short-lived rock and roll talk show that featured mostly chat and some live performances by such acts as Tom Waits, Frank Zappa and Emerson, Lake and Palmer. Monck\'s persona was well known enough to be parodied as \"Chick Monck\" on SCTV by Tony Rosato as a marriage counselor employing strobe lights and a fog machine.
Also in 1974, he provided production services for the Muhammad Ali/George Foreman boxing match The Rumble in the Jungle, and the associated three-day music festival Zaire 74, which featured performances by James Brown, Celia Cruz and the Fania All-Stars, B.B. King, Miriam Makeba, The Spinners, Bill Withers, and Manu Dibango. Monck\'s work can be seen in the films *Soul Power* and *When We Were Kings*.
Monck served as the lighting designer for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies of the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, as well as consulting on the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
In 2003, Monck received the Parnelli Award for Lifetime Achievement in the concert touring industry.
As of 2011, Monck resides in the Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy, Australia concentrating on corporate and retail lighting.
In 2011, he served as the Director of Production of the One Great Night On Earth Festival, planned for December 1, 2012. This event was intended to raise funds to help Australians in regions devastated by natural disasters like the Black Saturday bushfires, flooding and drought.
In 2019 Monck participated in a series of Woodstock 1969 50th anniversary events at the Berklee School of Music in Boston and made additional appearances and was the subject of interviews in a wide variety of international media outlets. In 2024, Monck\'s archives; his lighting documents, images, drawings, and media were accepted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Museum and Archive in Cleveland, Ohio
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# Spillern
**Spillern** is a town in the district of Korneuburg in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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Spillern
| 0 |
10,987,023 |
# Ronnie Woo Woo
**Ronnie \"Woo Woo\" Wickers** (born October 31, 1941) is a longtime Chicago Cubs fan and local celebrity in the Chicago area. He is known to Wrigley Field visitors for his idiosyncratic cheers at baseball games, generally punctuated with an exclamatory \"Woo!\" (e.g., \"Cubs, woo! Cubs, woo! Big-Z, woo! Zambrano, woo! Cubs, woo!\") Longtime Cubs announcer Harry Caray dubbed Wickers \"Leather Lungs\" for his ability to shout for hours at a time.
Wickers grew up on the South Side of Chicago. Born premature and abused by his mother, he was raised by his grandmother, who brought him to his first Chicago Cubs games during the late 1940s. Wickers explained in a 2004 *Chicago Tribune* interview that he started \"wooing\" in 1958 or 1959. \"It just came to be. I had fun with it,\" he remarked. He has remained a fixture at Wrigley Field ever since, even singing \"Take Me Out to the Ball Game\" during a May 24, 2001 game. In 2005, filmmaker Paul Hoffman released a documentary film about Wickers, called *WooLife*. The film premiered at the Chicago Historical Society.
Wickers worked nights as a custodian at Northwestern University for much of his life. After the deaths of both his grandmother and girlfriend in the 1980s, a distraught Wickers found himself homeless and without a stable job. From 1984 to 1990, he attended Cubs games with donated tickets. Wickers was absent at Wrigley Field games for a brief period in 1987, which prompted some Cubs fans to worry that he had died. He eventually contacted news organizations to say that he was alive and well.
Since 1990, most of Wickers\' income has come from washing windows in the neighborhood around Wrigley Field. He also makes paid appearances at parties and has starred in local commercials. In 2000, Chicago entertainer Erich "Mancow" Mueller bought Woo Woo a set of dentures to improve his superfan appearance. Mancow spoke about this daily and had Woo Woo in the office and on the air at Q101 many times.
Wickers was treated and released from Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center after being hit by a motorist after a Cubs game on April 18, 2005. He has since recovered.
A minor controversy occurred after April 19, 2017, when Wickers was ejected from a Cubs game for not having a ticket. Wickers said that he had an electronic ticket, on the phone of a friend. According to Cubs management, the friend became verbally abusive when asked to produce the e-ticket, and the two were escorted out of Wrigley Field. Subsequently, Wickers attended Cubs games without further incident.
, Ronnie is still attending Cubs games, taking pictures with fans and tourists, and supporting the team
| 451 |
Ronnie Woo Woo
| 0 |
10,987,027 |
# Fred Bridges
**Fred Bridges** (October 8, 1938-January 19, 2018) was an American record producer and musician.
His parents Thomas Jones and Clara Law moved to Detroit as part of the Great Migration. Bridges became interested in music at an early age and created his first band in middle school, called the Melody Skylarks. Throughout high school, Bridges created other bands and joined singing competitions.
In 1956, Bridges married and soon had two children. In 1958, he entered the United States Air Force where he also created a band, THE MARCELS. In 1960, Bridges left the Air Force and traveled back to Detroit where he got a job as a machine operator. This lasted for four years, but Bridges spent most of his time trying to enter into the music industry. He started writing music in 1961. Bridges son met up with Robert Bateman. In 1963, Bridges met up with Aron Hicks and Bridges soon produced many albums of his own. Richard Knight (soon to be replaced by Ben Knight), Robert Eaton, and Bridges were now a powerful group producing albums.
In 1967, during the riots in Detroit, the group felt they were writing a hit, \"Dream\". They showed it off to Ricardo Williams who was impressed. Williams opened up a label for the group. Bridges knew they needed a new name, which they came up with **Brothers of Soul**. The peak years for the group were from 1968 to 1969. The group was able to put more than 40 songs on disc.
In 1970, Bridges married for the second time and had three more children. By 1980, Bridges decided to leave the Brothers of Soul and become the road manager of the Four Tops.
Fred Bridges continued to reside in Detroit until his death
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Fred Bridges
| 0 |
10,987,052 |
# Sunset League
The **Sunset League** was a minor league baseball circuit that operated from 1947 through 1950.
The Sunset League was a Class C level league, with franchises based in the United States and Mexico. The league expanded from six to eight teams from 1949 to 1950. There was a previous league called the \"Sunset League\" that briefly played in Texas in the 1902 season.
For the 1951 season, the circuit merged with the Arizona--Texas League to form the Southwest International League.
## History
In 1902, a \"Sunset League\" included Beaumont (8--4), Lake Charles (7--6), Crowley (6--6) and Houston (3--8). Records are from the May 27, 1902, Houston Daily Post and are not official.
The Sunset League was one of many short--lived minor leagues of the late 1940s and early 1950s. The Class C level circuit ran from 1947 through 1950. Las Vegas, El Centro and Riverside were members every year. It was an extremely high offensive league; in 1947, Las Vegas averaged 9 runs a game and finished 73--67. The league merged with the Arizona-Texas League in 1951 to form the Southwest International League.
## Cities represented {#cities_represented}
- Anaheim, CA: Anaheim Valencias (1947); Anaheim/San Bernardino Valencias (1948)
- El Centro, CA: El Centro Imperials (1947--1950)
- Las Vegas, NV: Las Vegas Wranglers (1947--1950)
- Mexicali, Baja California: Mexicali Eagles (1948--1949)
- Ontario, CA: Ontario Orioles (1947)
- Porterville, CA: Porterville Packers (1949--1950)
- Reno, NV: Reno Silver Sox (1947--1949)
- Riverside, CA: Riverside Dons (1947; 1949); Riverside Rubes (1948; 1950)
- Salinas, CA: Salinas Colts (1949)
- San Bernardino, CA: San Bernardino Pioneers (1949--1950)
- Tijuana, Baja CA: Tijuana Potros (1949--1950)
- Yuma, AZ: Yuma Panthers (1950)
| 280 |
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| 0 |
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# Sunset League
## Standings and statistics {#standings_and_statistics}
### 1947 to 1948 {#to_1948}
**1947 Sunset League**
Team standings W L PCT GB Attend Managers
--------------------- ---- ---- ------ ------ -------- --------------------------------
Riverside Dons 80 60 .571 -- 45,477 Norman DeWeese / Jack Rothrock
Anaheim Valencias 79 61 .564 1.0 16,452 Jack Rothrock / Jerry Gardner
Las Vegas Wranglers 73 67 .521 7.0 44,574 Newt Kimball
Reno Silver Sox 69 69 .500 10.0 22,866 Thomas Lloyd
Ontario Orioles 64 75 .460 15.5 23,932 Hal Spindel
El Centro Imperials 53 86 .381 26.5 45,429 Bob Boken / Ray Viers
Playoffs: Riverside 3 games, Las Vegas 0; Anaheim 3 games, Ontario 0.\
Finals: Anaheim 4 games, Riverside 1.
Player Team Stat Tot Player Team Stat Tot
-------------- ----------- ------ ------ -- ---------------- ----------- ------ ------------
Paul Zaby Las Vegas BA .401 Clarence Jaime Ontario W 22
Calvin Felix Las Vegas Runs 173 Don Robertson Reno SO 242
Calvin Felix Las Vegas Hits 236 Robert Masters Riverside ERA 3.55
Calvin Felix Las Vegas RBI 182 Don Tisnerat Anaheim PCT .765 13--4
Calvin Felix Las Vegas HR 52
Calvin Felix Las Vegas TB 443
: **Player statistics**
**1948 Sunset League**\
[schedule](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/61073730/1948-sunset-league-schedule/)
+--------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+-----------------------------------------+
| Team standings | W | L | PCT | GB | Attend | Managers |
+==========================+====+====+======+======+========+=========================================+
| Mexicali Aguilas | 81 | 59 | .579 | -- | 68,567 | Dominic Castro / Dick Wilson |
+--------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+-----------------------------------------+
| Las Vegas Wranglers | 78 | 62 | .557 | 3.0 | 41,748 | Ken Meyers |
+--------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+-----------------------------------------+
| Reno Silver Sox | 77 | 63 | .550 | 4.0 | 34,325 | Thomas Lloyd |
+--------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+-----------------------------------------+
| Riverside Rubes | 74 | 66 | .529 | 7.0 | 52,199 | George Caster / Henry Bartolomei |
+--------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+-----------------------------------------+
| El Centro Imperials | 67 | 73 | .479 | 14.0 | 42,221 | Ray Viers |
+--------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+-----------------------------------------+
| Anaheim Valencias /\ | 43 | 97 | .307 | 38.0 | 21,760 | Jerry Gardner / Claude \"Bob\" Williams |
| San Bernardino Valencias | | | | | | |
+--------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+-----------------------------------------+
Anaheim (13--42) moved to San Bernardino June 25.\
Playoffs: Reno 3 games, Mexicali 0; Las Vegas 3 games, Riverside 1.\
Finals: Reno 3 games, Las Vegas 2.
Player Team Stat Tot Player Team Stat Tot
--------------- ----------- ------ ------ -- ------------------- ----------- ------ ------------
Bobby Balcena Mexicali BA .369 Al Corwin Reno W 26
Don Barclay Reno Runs 171 Robert Schulte Riverside SO 276
Don Jameson Riverside Hits 202 Manuel Echeverria Mexicali ERA 2.83
Dick Wilson Mexicali RBI 188 Manuel Echeverria Mexicali PCT .875 14--2
Dick Wilson Mexicali HR 42
: **Player statistics**
| 440 |
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| 1 |
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# Sunset League
## Standings and statistics {#standings_and_statistics}
### 1949 to 1950 {#to_1950}
**1949 Sunset League**\
[schedule](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/61073836/1949-sunset-league-schedule/)
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+---------------------------+
| Team standings | W | L | PCT | GB | Attend | Managers |
+=========================+====+====+======+======+========+===========================+
| Las Vegas Wranglers | 88 | 38 | .698 | -- | 61,050 | Ken Meyers |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+---------------------------+
| Mexicali Aguilas | 79 | 47 | .627 | 9.0 | 59,810 | Ed Wheeler |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+---------------------------+
| San Bernardino Pioneers | 62 | 64 | .492 | 26.0 | 35,871 | Jack Rothrock |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+---------------------------+
| Porterville Packers | 61 | 65 | .484 | 27.0 | 66,280 | Thomas Lloyd |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+---------------------------+
| El Centro Imperials | 59 | 66 | .472 | 28.5 | 34,957 | Ray Viers / Frank Stinson |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+---------------------------+
| Salinas Colts/\ | 58 | 68 | .460 | 30.0 | 39,701 | Bruce Ogrodowski |
| Tijuana Potros | | | | | | |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+---------------------------+
| Reno Silver Sox | 49 | 75 | .395 | 38.0 | 37,780 | Lilio Marcucci |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+---------------------------+
| Riverside Dons | 46 | 79 | .368 | 41.5 | 32,450 | Don Jameson |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+---------------------------+
Salinas moved to Tijuana August 5.\
Playoffs: None Scheduled.
Player Team Stat Tot Player Team Stat Tot
---------------- ----------- ------ ------ -- ----------------- -------------------- ------ ------------
Frosty Kennedy Riverside BA .411 Eugene Roenspie San Bernardino W 20
Pete Hughes Las Vegas Runs 156 Warren Kanagy Riverside/San Bern SO 210
Frosty Kennedy Riverside Hits 194 Erwin Coutts Mexicali ERA 2.69
Bobby Balcena Mexicali RBI 132 Bob Shore Las Vegas PCT .850 17--3
Pete Hughes Las Vegas HR 24
Pete Hughes Las Vegas BB 210
: **Player statistics**
**1950 Sunset League**\
[schedule](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/61073950/1950-sunset-league-schedule/)
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+--------------------------------+
| Team standings | W | L | PCT | GB | Attend | Managers |
+=========================+====+====+======+======+========+================================+
| Mexicali Eagles | 98 | 47 | .676 | -- | 80,871 | Dolf Luque |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+--------------------------------+
| El Centro Imperials | 85 | 58 | .595 | 12.0 | 46,380 | Ken Meyers |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+--------------------------------+
| Las Vegas Wranglers | 76 | 69 | .524 | 22.0 | 39,415 | Ed Wheeler |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+--------------------------------+
| Riverside Rubes | 73 | 72 | .503 | 23.0 | 49,270 | Ray Viers |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+--------------------------------+
| Tijuana Potros | 70 | 77 | .476 | 29.0 | 39,250 | Zenon Ochoa /\ |
| | | | | | | Eugene Fernandez / Butch Moran |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+--------------------------------+
| San Bernardino Pioneers | 65 | 80 | .448 | 33.0 | 28,250 | Frank Demaree / Gerald Waitman |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+--------------------------------+
| Yuma Panthers | 62 | 83 | .428 | 36.0 | 50,101 | Butch Moran / Frank Gabler |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+--------------------------------+
| Porterville Packers | 52 | 95 | .354 | 47.0 | 50,213 | Thomas Lloyd /\ |
| | | | | | | Bill Harris / Joe Gonzales |
+-------------------------+----+----+------+------+--------+--------------------------------+
Playoffs: Mexicali 2 games, Las Vegas 1; El Centro 2 games, Riverside 1.\
Finals: El Centro 2 games, Mexicali 1.
Player Team Stat Tot Player Team Stat Tot
---------------- ----------- ------ ------ -- ------------------- -------------------- ------ ------------
Pete Hughes El Centro BA .393 Manuel Echeverria Mexicali W 28
Manuel Serrano Mexicali Runs 153 Manuel Echeverria Mexicali SO 333
Blas Guzman Mexicali Hits 216 Manuel Echeverria Mexicali ERA 2.74
Blas Guzman Mexicali RBI 138 Manuel Echeverria Mexicali IP 328
Ron D. Johnson Las Vegas HR 26 Nate Moreland El Centro/Mexicali PCT
| 575 |
Sunset League
| 2 |
10,987,069 |
# Stetteldorf am Wagram
**Stetteldorf am Wagram** is a town in the district of Korneuburg in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 22 |
Stetteldorf am Wagram
| 0 |
10,987,119 |
# Bromochloromethane
**Bromochloromethane** or **methylene bromochloride** and **Halon 1011** is a mixed halomethane. It is a heavy low-viscosity liquid with refractive index 1.4808.
Halon 1011 was invented for use in fire extinguishers in Germany during the mid-1940s, in an attempt to create a less toxic, more effective alternative to carbon tetrachloride. This was a concern in aircraft and tanks as carbon tetrachloride produced highly toxic by-products when discharged onto a fire. It was slightly less toxic, and used up until the late 1960s, being officially banned by the NFPA for use in fire extinguishers in 1969, as safer and more effective agents such as halon 1211 and 1301 were developed. Due to its ozone depletion potential its production was banned from January 1, 2002, at the *Eleventh Meeting of the Parties for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer*.
Bromochloromethane\'s biodegradation is catalyzed by the hydrolase enzyme alkylhalidase:
: CH~2~BrCl + H~2~O → CH~2~O + HBr + HCl
## Preparation
Bromochloromethane is prepared commercially from dichloromethane:
: 6 CH~2~Cl~2~ + 3 Br~2~ + 2 Al → 6 CH~2~BrCl + 2 AlCl~3~
: CH~2~Cl~2~ + HBr → CH~2~BrCl + HCl
The latter route requires aluminium trichloride as a catalyst. The bromochloromethane is often used as a precursor to methylene bromide
| 212 |
Bromochloromethane
| 0 |
10,987,135 |
# Step On Out
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unexpected '{'
{{album chart|Billboard200|156|artist=The Oak Ridge Boys|rowheader=true|access-date=June 8, 2021}}
^
``
| 24 |
Step On Out
| 0 |
10,987,144 |
# Stetten, Austria
**Stetten** (`{{IPA|de|ˈʃtɛtn̩|-|De-Stetten.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a town in the district of Korneuburg in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 20 |
Stetten, Austria
| 0 |
10,987,146 |
# 2007 IIHF World Championship Division I
The following teams took part in the Division I tournament, held from April 15, 2007 through April 21, 2007. Group A was played in Qiqihar, China. Group B was played in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
## Group A {#group_a}
### Standings
{{#invoke:sports table\|main\|style=WL OT \|res_col_header=PR \|show_positions=n
\|team1=FRA\|name_FRA=`{{ih|FRA}}`{=mediawiki} \|team2=POL\|name_POL=`{{ih|POL}}`{=mediawiki} \|team3=KAZ\|name_KAZ=`{{ih|KAZ}}`{=mediawiki} \|team4=EST\|name_EST=`{{ih|EST}}`{=mediawiki} \|team5=NED\|name_NED=`{{ih|NED}}`{=mediawiki} \|team6=CHN\|name_CHN=`{{ih|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} \|win_FRA=4\|OTwin_FRA=0\|OTloss_FRA=1\|loss_FRA=0\|gf_FRA=24\|ga_FRA=7 \|win_POL=2\|OTwin_POL=2\|OTloss_POL=0\|loss_POL=1\|gf_POL=22\|ga_POL=13 \|win_KAZ=3\|OTwin_KAZ=0\|OTloss_KAZ=0\|loss_KAZ=2\|gf_KAZ=22\|ga_KAZ=11 \|win_EST=1\|OTwin_EST=1\|OTloss_EST=2\|loss_EST=1\|gf_EST=16\|ga_EST=17 \|win_NED=1\|OTwin_NED=1\|OTloss_NED=1\|loss_NED=2\|gf_NED=20\|ga_NED=19 \|win_CHN=0\|OTwin_CHN=0\|OTloss_CHN=0\|loss_CHN=5\|gf_CHN=8\|ga_CHN=45
\|col_P=green1\|text_P= \|result1=P \|col_R=red1\|text_R= \|result6=R
\|show_matches=y \|short_style=noflag\|solid_cell=grey
\|match_CHN_EST=4--5 \|match_CHN_FRA=0--10 \|match_CHN_KAZ=0--12 \|match_CHN_NED=3--9 \|match_CHN_POL=1--9
\|match_EST_CHN=5--4 \|match_EST_FRA=4--3^(OT)^ \|match_EST_KAZ=1--2 \|match_EST_NED=3--4^(OT)^ \|match_EST_POL=3--4^(OT)^
\|match_FRA_CHN=10--0 \|match_FRA_EST=3--4^(OT)^ \|match_FRA_KAZ=3--1 \|match_FRA_NED=4--2 \|match_FRA_POL=4--0
\|match_KAZ_CHN=12--0 \|match_KAZ_EST=2--1 \|match_KAZ_FRA=1--3 \|match_KAZ_NED=5--2 \|match_KAZ_POL=2--5
\|match_NED_CHN=9--3 \|match_NED_EST=4--3^(OT)^ \|match_NED_FRA=2--4 \|match_NED_KAZ=2--5 \|match_NED_POL=3--4^(OT)^
\|match_POL_CHN=9--1 \|match_POL_EST=4--3^(OT)^ \|match_POL_FRA=0--4 \|match_POL_KAZ=5--2 \|match_POL_NED=4--3^(OT)^
\|update=complete\|source= }}
- France is promoted to Main Championship.
- China is demoted to Division II.
### Scoring leaders {#scoring_leaders}
Player Country GP G A Pts PIM
-------------------- --------- ---- --- --- ----- -----
Bradley Smulders 5 6 5 11 0
Leszek Laszkiewicz 5 5 3 8 2
Jacek Plachta 5 5 3 8 14
Laurent Meunier 5 3 5 8 8
Andrei Makrov 5 6 1 7 2
## Group B {#group_b}
### Standings {#standings_1}
{{#invoke:sports table\|main\|style=WL OT \|res_col_header=PR \|show_positions=n
\|team1=SLO\|name_SLO=`{{ih|SLO}}`{=mediawiki} \|team2=HUN\|name_HUN=`{{ih|HUN}}`{=mediawiki} \|team3=JPN\|name_JPN=`{{ih|JPN}}`{=mediawiki} \|team4=GBR\|name_GBR=`{{ih|GBR}}`{=mediawiki} \|team5=LTU\|name_LTU=`{{ih|LTU}}`{=mediawiki} \|team6=ROU\|name_ROU=`{{ih|ROU}}`{=mediawiki} \|win_SLO=5\|OTwin_SLO=0\|OTloss_SLO=0\|loss_SLO=0\|gf_SLO=29\|ga_SLO=5 \|win_HUN=3\|OTwin_HUN=1\|OTloss_HUN=0\|loss_HUN=1\|gf_HUN=20\|ga_HUN=13 \|win_JPN=1\|OTwin_JPN=1\|OTloss_JPN=1\|loss_JPN=2\|gf_JPN=19\|ga_JPN=22 \|win_GBR=2\|OTwin_GBR=0\|OTloss_GBR=0\|loss_GBR=3\|gf_GBR=14\|ga_GBR=15 \|win_LTU=2\|OTwin_LTU=0\|OTloss_LTU=0\|loss_LTU=3\|gf_LTU=13\|ga_LTU=20 \|win_ROU=0\|OTwin_ROU=0\|OTloss_ROU=1\|loss_ROU=4\|gf_ROU=12\|ga_ROU=32
\|show_matches=y \|short_style=noflag\|solid_cell=grey
\|match_GBR_HUN=2--4 \|match_GBR_JPN=4--3 \|match_GBR_LTU=2--3 \|match_GBR_ROU=6--1 \|match_GBR_SLO=0--4
\|match_HUN_GBR=4--2 \|match_HUN_JPN=4--3^(OT)^ \|match_HUN_LTU=6--1 \|match_HUN_ROU=5--3 \|match_HUN_SLO=1--4
\|match_JPN_GBR=3--4 \|match_JPN_HUN=3--4^(OT)^ \|match_JPN_LTU=6--2 \|match_JPN_ROU=6--5^(OT)^ \|match_JPN_SLO=1--7
\|match_LTU_GBR=3--2 \|match_LTU_HUN=1--6 \|match_LTU_JPN=2--6 \|match_LTU_ROU=5--2 \|match_LTU_SLO=2--4
\|match_ROU_GBR=1--6 \|match_ROU_HUN=3--5 \|match_ROU_JPN=5--6^(OT)^ \|match_ROU_LTU=2--5 \|match_ROU_SLO=1--10
\|match_SLO_GBR=4--0 \|match_SLO_HUN=4--1 \|match_SLO_JPN=7--1 \|match_SLO_LTU=4--2 \|match_SLO_ROU=10--1
\|col_P=green1\|text_P= \|result1=P \|col_R=red1\|text_R= \|result6=R \|update=complete\|source= }}
- Slovenia is promoted to Main Championship.
- Romania is demoted to Division II
| 244 |
2007 IIHF World Championship Division I
| 0 |
10,987,181 |
# Charlie Huhn
**Charles Hartley Huhn** (born January 11, 1951) is an American rock singer, songwriter, guitarist and keyboard player. He got his start in Grand Rapids, Michigan, playing with local groups Cirrus, Tanglewood, and Vic Amato & Co before joining Ted Nugent in January, 1978. While recording 1 Platinum and 3 Gold Records with Nugent, including 3 world headliner tours, he followed up recording the lps Dirty Fingers and Do You Want Some Moore with Gary Moore, and toured in the U.K in 81 & 82. In 1983, he joined Victory and recorded 4 albums and performed 4 European and American tours. In 1988 he joined Humble Pie and recorded the CD Live At The Agora, and performed live with the band until 2000 when Huhn joined Foghat after the untimely death of singer Dave Peverett, and recorded and performed steadily until retiring in 2022.
## Career
### Ted Nugent {#ted_nugent}
Born in 1951 in Portland, Oregon, Huhn moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan at the age of four when he began his music career. He started with piano and voice lessons, and soon after taught himself the guitar. He began performing in rock bands in 1967, initially with Cirrus, composed of high school friends; in 1973, he performed in Tanglewood, a full-time successful mid-west bar band. In 1975, after graduating from Michigan State with a bachelor\'s degree in Social Sciences, he then played with longtime friend and drummer Vic Amato for two and a half years, before auditioning for Ted Nugent. He came to prominence when he joined Ted Nugent\'s band in 1978. Huhn replaced band member Derek St. Holmes, and was thrust immediately into the spotlight. At the time Huhn joined Ted Nugent, it was one of the hottest acts in the world.
Huhn handled lead vocals on the classic Nugent anthem \"Weekend Warriors\", and was also featured prominently on the album of the same name, which sold more than a million copies, going platinum within a week of release. Huhn remained with Ted Nugent\'s band until 1982, and recorded three studio albums and one live album during his tenure. Another live recording from a 1979 show at London\'s Hammersmith Odeon was later released in 1998.
After leaving Ted Nugent, Huhn worked briefly with Irish guitar legend Gary Moore on his album *Dirty Fingers*, toured with Moore for some gigs in August 1982. He would leave to pursue an offer from Geffen Records to write songs with future Yes guitarist Trevor Rabin and to put a band together with bassist Mark Andes and drummer Frankie Banali. The group recorded demos but nothing came of it.
His next job was frontman for the band Victory, a group based in Hannover, Germany. He recorded four releases as Victory\'s original lead vocalist, guitarist and songwriter, and the band had minor success with their 1986 single \"The Check\'s in the Mail\". He left the group in early 1988 to play with Jerry Shirley and Humble Pie. He would also team up with former Alice Cooper band rhythm section Neal Smith and Dennis Dunaway and Blue Öyster Cult\'s Joe Bouchard in a project called Deadringer, resulting in the release of the album *Electrocution of the Heart* in 1989.
### Humble Pie {#humble_pie}
In 1988, former Humble Pie and Fastway drummer Jerry Shirley organized a new version of Humble Pie in which he would be the group\'s leader and only original member. He hired Huhn as the group\'s lead singer, which worked quite well as the band\'s original vocalist Steve Marriott and Huhn had very similar vocal styles. Humble Pie Featuring Jerry Shirley was based in Cleveland, Ohio, where Shirley worked as a DJ at a classic rock radio station. Huhn and Shirley were the mainstays in the band, and together with numerous rotating musicians performed Humble Pie music regularly all over the United States for the next ten years. No official recordings with Huhn as the band\'s singer were ever released, although the group was broadcast live on special radio concerts on several occasions, and bootlegs of those performances do exist. During the latter part of the 1990s, Jerry Shirley developed a string of legal problems and moved back to his native England, taking the Humble Pie name with him. Huhn ended his longtime stint with Shirley in 1999.
Between 1993 and 1995, Huhn fronted Michigan band No Mercy with Brownsville Station\'s Michael Lutz on bass, Ted Nugent, Blackfoot drummer Gunner Ross and Scotty Anderson on lead guitar. Huhn and Ross had also played together in the Detroit band The Almighty Strut in the early \'80\'s.
### Foghat
In 2000, Huhn joined another classic rock act, Foghat, as lead vocalist. Original Foghat vocalist Dave Peverett died of cancer in 2000, and the band\'s remaining members wanted to continue performing. Huhn accepted the band\'s offer to join. Aside from his vocal duties, Huhn also played guitar. Although Bryan Bassett (formerly of Wild Cherry and Molly Hatchet) handled most of the lead guitar work, Huhn provided steady rhythms and played some solos as well. Huhn recorded three studio releases with Foghat: *Family Joules* (2002), *Last Train Home* (2010), and *Under the Influence* (2016); and three live releases: *Foghat Live II* (2007), a double-disc collection featuring the band\'s greatest hits; *Live at the Blues Warehouse*, originally a live session for DJ Mark Klein\'s weekly 'Long Island Blues Warehouse Radio Show'; and a live show from the *Under the Influence* Tour, *Live at the Bottoms Up*. Huhn can also be seen on two DVD releases: 2005\'s *Official Bootleg DVD - Vol. 1 (2002 - 2004)*; and *Live in St. Pete*, issued in December 2013.
In 2003, he took part in a reunion with his former Victory bandmates. The result was the CD release *Instinct*. Huhn declined an offer to rejoin Victory as the band\'s permanent lead vocalist, and chose instead to continue his work with Foghat. In 2007, he recorded an album with guitarist Matt Roehr, formerly of German superstars Böhse Onkelz.
He remained a vital part of Foghat until January 21, 2022.
## Discography
with **Foghat**
- *Family Joules* (2002)
- *Official Bootleg DVD - Vol. 1 (2002-2004)* (2005)
- *Foghat Live II* (2007)
- *Live at the Blues Warehouse* (2009)
- *Last Train Home* (2010)
- *Live in St. Pete* DVD (2013)
- *Under the Influence* (2016)
- *8 Days on the Road* (2021)
with **Matt Roehr**
- *Barra da Tijuca* (2007)
with **Deadringer**
- *Electrocution of the Heart* (1989)
with **Axel Rudi Pell**
- *Wild Obsession* (1989)
with **Victory**
- *Victory* (1985)
- *Don\'t Get Mad\..
| 1,092 |
Charlie Huhn
| 0 |
10,987,189 |
# Clete Roberts
**Clete Roberts** (February 1, 1912 -- September 30, 1984) was an American broadcast journalist. He began his career in radio news, then transitioned to television, working for stations in California. In later years, he portrayed himself and fictional broadcast journalists in entertainment media, such as in 1970s episodes of the TV series *M\*A\*S\*H*.
## Career
### KNXT Channel 2 {#knxt_channel_2}
After serving as a war correspondent in World War II and Korea, Roberts settled in the Los Angeles area and became a respected radio news reporter, eventually turning to television in the mid-1950s at KNXT Channel 2 (now KCBS-TV), the local CBS owned-and-operated station. He anchored a nightly newscast and occasionally ventured to far-flung locations to report on national and international stories, taking with him his own Bell and Howell movie camera with which he shot his own news footage.
With him on KNXT\'s newscasts in that time were three other Los Angeles television stalwarts, anchor and reporter Bill Stout, weather forecaster Bill Keene and sports reporter Gil Stratton (who at the time also doubled as a radio, television and movie actor).
### KTLA Channel 5 {#ktla_channel_5}
Roberts left KNXT in 1959 and joined Los Angeles station KTLA Channel 5 as news director and primary anchor, along with news producer/director Julian Macdonald, virtually remaking that independent station\'s news operation. The newscast Roberts and Macdonald oversaw included such figures as Stout (who followed Roberts to KTLA in 1960), sports reporter and former football star Tom Harmon, and veteran reporter Stan Chambers.
### \"The Big News\" {#the_big_news}
In 1966, Roberts returned to KNXT, joining the station\'s highly esteemed 6 p.m. \"The Big News\" broadcast and its late-night companion \"The Eleven O\'Clock Report.\" Roberts joined a staff that included anchor Jerry Dunphy, Ralph Story, Keene, and Stratton. Roberts contributed news and feature reports and anchored the weekend newscasts. Early in 1974 he once again left KNXT for KTLA and took over the station\'s hour-long 10 p.m. newscasts. After two years Roberts decided to step back from nightly television news and left KTLA; after a hiatus he joined PBS member television station KCET, contributing feature reports and commentaries. His long tenure in Los Angeles comprised reports and travels ranging from offbeat local stories to the war in Vietnam. In December 1969, Roberts assisted a colleague in notifying the Los Angeles Police Department that they had been in possession of the gun that was used in Tate--LaBianca murders for months
### Acting career {#acting_career}
Roberts appeared in episodes of *M\*A\*S\*H*, in which he played himself, as a war correspondent.
Roberts appeared as himself in the lengthy introduction to the crime syndicate expose film *The Phenix City Story* in 1955. He interviewed on camera several of the actual townspeople of Phenix City, Alabama, who had been witness to the events there in the 1930s, \'40s and early \'50s.
Roberts portrayed reporters in various productions, among them *Meteor* from 1979 and the 1983 NBC miniseries *V* as well a San Francisco television newsman in the 1983 nuclear war film *Testament*.
## Death
Roberts died at age 72 of heart and respiratory failure at 6:55 a.m. PT on September 30, 1984. He had been admitted to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 44 days earlier on August 17 for surgery necessitated by a brain aneurysm. He suffered a fatal heart attack when the aneurysm pressed on his respiratory nerve and caused him to stop breathing
| 567 |
Clete Roberts
| 0 |
10,987,192 |
# Baneklubberne Tournaments
The **Baneklubberne Tournaments** were two Danish football tournaments held in the autumn of 1911, in Copenhagen. One round-robin style league tournament, and one knockout-based cup tournament were played.
Football clubs in Copenhagen would usually participate in the league and cup tournaments organized by the Copenhagen Football Association, but in 1911 a dispute between the clubs that owned their own fields, and those that did not, meant that only those not owning their own field participated in the regular tournaments. These clubs were known as *Fælledklubberne* (Danish for *the green clubs*). The field owning clubs, known as *Baneklubberne* (Danish for *the field clubs*) created their own tournaments
| 109 |
Baneklubberne Tournaments
| 0 |
10,987,235 |
# Fernando Birri
**Fernando Birri** (March 13, 1925 -- December 27, 2017) was an Argentine film maker and theorist. He was considered by many to be the father of the new Latin American cinema.
## Biography
Birri was born in Santa Fe, Argentina. After being involved in theater and poetry, he went to Rome to study film-making at the *Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia*, from 1950 to 1953, and appeared in the 1955 Italian film *Gli Sbandati*. In 1956 he returned to Santa Fe, to form the Film Institute at the Universidad Nacional del Litoral university. A year later he started filming scenes of poverty and human misery in lower-class Santa Fe. The project, billed as a \"survey film\", spanned three years, and filming wrapped up in 1958. Before screening the resulting 33-minute documentary, *Tire dié*, Birri debuted with a short film called *La primera fundación de Buenos Aires*, which premiered in the 1959 Cannes Film Festival, earning Birri critical acclaim and paving his way for further projects of similar nature, like *Buenos Días, Buenos Aires* (1960) and more famously *Los inundados* (1961), which won the Venice Film Festival award for Best First Film.
After directing a short film about La Pampa Gringa (*La pampa gringa*) in 1963, Birri retired from directing and only returned 12 years later to make a movie about Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara (*Mi hijo el Che*) in 1985. His next film, also about El Che, was filmed in 1997 (*Che, ¿muerte de una utopía?*), but remained commercially unreleased. Birri has since done two more movies - *El siglo del viento* (1999) and *ZA 05. Lo viejo y lo nuevo* (2006).
In 1986 Birri co-founded Escuela Internacional de Cine y Television (The International School of Film and Television), in San Antonio de Los Baños, Cuba. He was the school\'s first director. In fall 2009, Birri was a visiting professor at Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts.
Birri may hold the record for the longest title of a motion picture ever, for his first film, the short (41 minutes) released at the 1959 Cannes film festival, *Vera historia de la primera fundación de Buenos Aires como también de varias navegaciones de muchas partes desconocidas, islas de reinos, también de muchos peligros, peleas y escaramuzas, tanto por tierra como por mar, que nunca han sido descriptos en otras historias o crónicas, extraídos del libro \'Viajes al río de La Plata\', original del soldado alemán Ulrico Schmidl, miembro de la expedición capitaneada por don Pedro de Mendoza, quien publicó por primera vez estas memorias, bien anotadas para utilidad pública en la ciudad de Francfort el año 1567*. It is usually referred to as *La primera fundación de Buenos Aires*.
## Filmography
As writer and director:
- *El Fausto Criollo* (2011)
- *Elegia Fruilana* (2007)
- *ZA 05
| 465 |
Fernando Birri
| 0 |
10,987,289 |
# Albrechtsberg an der Großen Krems
**Albrechtsberg an der Großen Krems** is a town in the district of Krems-Land in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 26 |
Albrechtsberg an der Großen Krems
| 0 |
10,987,296 |
# Kelly Houlker
**Albert Edward** \"**Kelly**\" **Houlker** (27 April 1872 -- 27 May 1962) was an English footballer who played at left-half for Blackburn Rovers and England.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Houlker was born in Blackburn and started his long playing career at Blackburn Hornets, progressing through a variety of local sides in his home-town (including Oswaldtwistle Rovers, Cob Wall and Park Road) before joining Blackburn Rovers in August 1894. He remained at Blackburn Rovers for eight seasons. His time at Blackburn Rovers was during a long lean period for the club. During the 1896--97 season they stayed in the First Division only as the result of a decision to increase the number of teams. The final years of the 19th century brought little success for Blackburn Rovers and several narrow escapes from relegation.
Houlker won his first England cap against Scotland two days before he left Rovers to join Southern League champions Portsmouth in May 1902. His second cap came against Wales on 2 March 1903 in the only international played at Fratton Park, Portsmouth followed by another cap against Scotland a month later.
Houlker then moved along the south coast to join newly crowned Southern League champions Southampton in May 1903. He remained at The Dell for three seasons, helping the Saints to retain the championship in 1903--04, playing alongside Bert Lee and Tommy Bowman.
Tenacious and strong, rather than clever, Houlker became very popular with the Southampton public and during his time at The Dell he also won two more England caps against Ireland and Wales in 1906.
In 1906 he intended to retire from professional football but was persuaded to rejoin Blackburn Rovers where he turned out regularly until finally retiring in 1907. Retirement didn\'t last long and he joined Colne in 1909.
During World War I he played for Blackburn Rovers in a wartime match when he was 45.
He was then working as an overseer at a mill, before running a coal and haulage business in Blackburn before retiring in 1947. He died in 1962, a month after his 90th birthday
| 347 |
Kelly Houlker
| 0 |
10,987,314 |
# Dead Low Tide
**Dead Low Tide** was a short-lived rock band from Seattle, Washington. It featured singer Spencer Moody, guitarist Nate Manny, bassist Mike Kunka, and drummer Coady Willis.
## History
After the breakup of the Murder City Devils in 2001, ex-members Moody, Manny, and Willis began to work on a new project, along with ex-godheadSilo bassist Kunka. In 2002 they put out a self-released debut EP, and embarked on a U.S. tour with the Melvins. That same year they began recording their eponymously titled, full-length album, which was not released until after the band\'s breakup in 2003.
## Discography
### Albums
- ***Dead Low Tide*** (Tiger Style Records CD/LP, 2003)
1. Barrel Vault
2. White Flag
3. Navy Buttons
4. Blues Come Easy
5. Ill Eagle
6. Lazer Lazer Lazer Love
7. Purple Crimson and Lavender
8. Don\'t Mind If I Do
9. Sideways Machine
10. Shake and Slide
### Singles and EPs {#singles_and_eps}
- \"Lazer Lazer Lazer Love\" (Ill Eagle 7\", 2002)
- *Dead Low Tide EP* (Ill Eagle CD/EP, 2002)
### Further reading {#further_reading}
- *Crawdaddy!* article on Murder City Devils and Dead Low Tide, [\"Ride the Dead Low Tide,\"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090221010453/http://crawdaddy.wolfgangsvault.com/Article
| 194 |
Dead Low Tide
| 0 |
10,987,319 |
# Muhammad Shah of Malacca
**Sultan Muhammad Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Megat Iskandar Shah** (died 1444), also popularly known as **Raja Tengah** or **Radin Tengah**, was the third sultan of Malacca. He is the son of Megat Iskandar Shah of Malacca. He ruled Malacca from 1424 to 1444. Some sources named the third ruler of Malacca as Sri Maharaja. Some sources also named him as Sultan Mohammad Shah, although different versions suggest that Sultan Mohammad Shah was Raja Tengah\'s son. He had two sons, Raja Kasim and Raja Ibrahim. He was succeeded by Abu Syahid Shah
| 96 |
Muhammad Shah of Malacca
| 0 |
10,987,323 |
# Tony Tomassi
**Tony Tomassi** (born January 15, 1971) is a Quebec politician. He is the former Member of National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of LaFontaine in Montreal. He formerly represented the Quebec Liberal Party and was the Minister of Families, but was an independent until May 3, 2012, date of his resignation.
Tomassi studied at the Université du Québec à Montréal and the Université de Montréal but did not receive a university degree. He was a political aide for Liberal members for Bourget and Jeanne-Mance. He later became a general manager at Group Genco. He was also a member of the Montreal Board of Trade.
Tomassi was a candidate for the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in Saint-Léonard---Saint-Michel, in the 1993 federal elections but was not elected as the Conservatives were reduced to just two seats in the House of Commons. He would run in provincial politics and was elected in 2003 in LaFontaine as a Liberal. He was re-elected in 2007 and named the parliamentary secretary to Premier Jean Charest. Following the 2008 elections, he was named for the first time in the Cabinet being designated as the Minister for Family replacing Michelle Courchesne who kept the portfolios of Education, Recreation and Sport.
On May 6, 2010, after much controversy around the attribution of publicly subsidized daycare licenses, Tony Tomassi was asked to resign as Minister for Family and to leave the Liberal caucus, after it was revealed he was using a business credit card in the name of Canadian Bureau of Investigations and Adjustments while sitting as an MNA. His portfolio was given to Yolande James.
On May 3, 2012, he resigned his seat in the Quebec National Assembly. In a brief statement, Tomassi, said he had represented the east-end Montreal LaFontaine riding \"with pride.\" \"And I recognize the confidence they showed in me on three occasions since 2003,\" he wrote. \"In the circumstances, I tried to remain an MNA present in my riding, accessible and listening to citizens.\"
In October 2013, his name came up again in the Charbonneau Commission when François Crête, former chief of staff for then-environment minister Line Beauchamp, told the Charbonneau Commission that Tomassi had been lobbying for company called Carboneutre which was run by Domenic Arcuri, who has ties to the Rizzuto clan, and mob enforcer Raynald Desjardins. While the two men were seeking funds from the investment arm of Quebec\'s largest labour movement, Tomassi, then Minister for Family, was lobbying environment minister Beauchamp to grant the company a permit to decontaminate soil.
He is married to Clementina Teti-Tomassi, a former Montreal City Councillor
| 435 |
Tony Tomassi
| 0 |
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