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# Winterbourne Dauntsey
**Winterbourne Dauntsey** is a village in Wiltshire, England, in the Bourne valley on the A338 road about 3.5 mi northeast of Salisbury.
In 1931 the parish had a population of 176. The village adjoins Winterbourne Earls and Winterbourne Gunner. It is part of the civil parish of Winterbourne, formed on 1 April 1934 by amalgamating the three ancient parishes. The name *Winterbourne* comes from the River Bourne, which flows through all three villages in winter and tends to dry up in summer, while *Dauntsey* comes from Roger Danteseye, who was the lord of the manor in 1242.
## Churches
A Methodist chapel was built in the late 18th century, and continues in use as Bourne Valley Methodist Church.
The local Church of England parish church is St Michael and All Angels at Winterbourne Earls, built following the 1867 demolition of St Edward\'s (consecrated in 1326) at Winterbourne Dauntsey.
## Notable buildings {#notable_buildings}
The Manor House, constructed around 1720 on the main road through the village, is built of Flemish bond brickwork with a tiled roof. It has two storeys, attics and basement. The front has seven bays with a central doorway approached by eight steps, and there are back-swept wings at either end of the building, making a semi-enclosed courtyard to rear. The interior has a central hall with arched stair, and panelled dining and drawing rooms on either side. Some of the bedrooms are also panelled. The house is Grade II\* listed, and the roadside brick walls and iron gates (of similar date) and a timber-framed former granary (18th century or early 19th) are also listed.
Peacock Cottages, two thatched cottages built in the 15th century as one house, are also Grade II\* listed.
## Facilities
The village has a pub, the Winterbourne Arms. The local school, for children up to the age of 11, is Winterbourne Earls CofE Primary School.
The Monarch\'s Way long-distance footpath passes through the village
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# Sweet (gamer)
**Chun Jung-hee** (`{{korean|hangul=천정희}}`{=mediawiki}) is a retired South Korean professional player of the real-time strategy game *Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne*. He used to play for the Chinese professional gaming team Beijing eSport Team. He goes by the gamertag of **Sweet** (previously **nOma**) and is a member of clan WeRRa.
He has been recognized among the top tier of *Warcraft III* players since the beginning of the professional competitive scene and has won two world championships as well as several professional events in South Korea.
After finished his military duty, he became coach of the Jin Air Greenwings *League of Legends* team.
## Career
### *Warcraft III* {#warcraft_iii}
After the release of *Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos* in 2002 Jung Hee Chun rose to quickly be noticed as one of the strongest players in the South Korean scene, which was at the time known as the most competitive gaming scene in the world.
He participated in several televised leagues and showed strong results, finishing top three in two of the biggest televised leagues played using Reign of Chaos; MBC Sonokong Prime League II and Sonokong OnGamenet II. He represented the SAINT Proteam during this time, which disbanded near 2004 and made Jung Hee Chun as well as his former teammates free agents. The *Warcraft III* division of the former Saint Proteam was recruited by German professional gaming team SK Gaming to boost their appeal in Asia.
This made Sweet one of the few Korean players constantly exposed to the international gaming scene, as SK Gaming\'s team site is one of the most visited competitive gaming related sites.
By 2004 the professional scene moved on to *Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne*, and Chun rose to become Korea\'s face to the world during this time. He qualified for a number of international tournaments that offered very limited slots to Korean participants, and because of the intensity of the competitive Korean scene therefore rarely saw players making more than one appearance at tournaments of this nature.
In 2004 he represented his country at the Electronic Sports World Cup 2004 in Paris as well as ACON4 in Shanghai and made it to the semi-finals of the Korean televised league MBC Daum Prime League IV. He took fourth place at the Electronic Sports World Cup and third at ACON4, making him the most prominent Korean professional gamer of the time globally. Adding to this as well was the exposure he became member of SK Gaming, and his rise on the Asian Battle.net ladder where he became the first player worldwide to reach level 50.
As a result of this he was recognized as the world\'s top Warcraft III player in 2004 by a panel of experts. He was awarded the \'Warcraft III Player of The Year\' Award by the ESports Award over his teammate the Swedish professional gamer Fredrik \"MaDFroG\" Johansson who was recognized as the Player of the Year in all of competitive gaming.
Early 2005 Korean players such as Jang \"Moon\" Jae Ho, Tae min \"Zacard\" Hwang and Dae Hui \"FoV\" Cho were getting more and more recognition internationally due their success in international competition. As a result, Jung Hee Chun\'s status in the international community dropped, though he was still recognized as one of the best players of the world. He was invited for the first edition of the World e-Sports Games, but faced elimination in the first group stage.
Afterwards he signed a contract with a new Chinese based professional gaming team by the name of World Elite in May 2005, cutting off his ties with SK Gaming. At this time he had not won a major competition and his results in Korean competition were dropping.
Nevertheless, he was one of the four Korean players to qualify for the 2005 Electronic Sports World Cup in Paris, where he was beaten in the quarter-finals by the Dutch professional gamer Manuel \"Grubby\" Schenkhuizen.
His results hit something of a slump after this, months later he qualified for the third edition of the World e-Sports Games and announced that it would be his last tournament before he would leave professional gaming to fulfill South Korea\'s mandatory army duty.
He went on to win the tournament; beating Korean professional gamer Kim Dong \"Gostop\" Moon in the final best of five after being down two matches. Winning US\$20,000 in the televised league, Jung Hee Chun postponed his army obligations and decided to resume his career as a professional gamer.
### Move to China {#move_to_china}
After winning the World e-Sports Games he qualified for the second edition of the Blizzard Worldwide Invitational which was to take place in Seoul, South Korea. Players from all over the world were given a chance to qualify for the tournament on line.
He won this tournament beating Manuel \"Grubby\" Schenkhuizen in the finals after having previously been knocked down in the lower bracket by the Dutchman. This earned him US\$10,000 and meant his second world championship victory in a matter of months, it also prompted some to give him the label \"comeback kid\".
In April 2006 he moved to Zhangzhou, China to participate in the Masters of the World e-Sports Games to try to defend his title. He was not very successful in the tournament, being eliminated his teammate the Chinese professional gamer Li \"Sky\" Xiaofeng. But he stayed in China nevertheless, leaving World Elite to sign with the Chinese professional team Beijing eSport Team which provided permanent residence for him in Beijing, China.
He also represented SK Gaming in various competitions at this point, as part of a deal that was canceled January 2007 which allowed Jung Hee Chun to compete in various on line leagues for which the Beijing eSport Team was not qualified.
He competed in various tournaments during his stay in China. Some of which with the status of top tier international competitions such as Stars War II, Stars War III, ProGamer League and the World Series of Video Games stop in Chengdu, China which qualified him for the global World Series of Video Games finals in New York.
These global finals took place December 2006 and was his first appearance outside of Asia since the 2005 Electronic Sports World Cup. He confirmed his status as a top tier contender at the event, which was in decline for some time at that point, by taking second place. He was beaten by Manuel \"Grubby\" Schenkhuizen in the finals whom he had put in the lower bracket the previous day.
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# Sweet (gamer)
## Career
### Return to Korea {#return_to_korea}
At an unknown point of time in 2007 he moved back to South Korea, which drastically improved his ability to compete in on line competitions as China\'s net is famously weak towards the outside world and South Korea\'s famously strong.
He qualified for the Battle.net Season IV finals in Cologne, Germany which were seen as a continuation of a series of tournaments of which the Blizzard Worldwide Invitational is a part of, thus making him the defending champion of the event.
He finished among the top of the event by taking fifth place. Throughout the remainder of the running season he has shown results along those lines, finishing among the best of the attendees but not entering top three. For instance he took fourth place at Game-X in Moscow, Russia and seventh at the World Series of Video Games stop in Wuhan, China. He retired in April 2008 due to his obligation to serve his military service.
### *League of Legends* {#league_of_legends}
He started playing *League of Legends* in 2012, and eventually competed in League of Legends events. He joined Prime Optimus as a coach in October 2013. In September 2014, he moved to Jin Air Greenwings as coach.
## Tournament results {#tournament_results}
### International
- 2008 3rd PGL Season II (China)
- 2007 2nd Digital Life New York (USA) -- US\$3,500
- 2007 2nd GGL Digital Life Chengdu (China) -- US\$5,300
- 2007 4th Game-X (Russia) -- US\$1,000
- 2007 5th Battle
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# Nöchling
**Nöchling** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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# Eric Sandberg
**Eric G. Sandberg** (December 19, 1884 -- December 8, 1966) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics. In 1908, he won a silver medal as a crew member of the Swedish *Vinga* in the 8 metre class. Four years later, he was part of the Swedish boat *Kerstin*, which won the bronze medal in the 6 metre class
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# Winterbourne Earls
**Winterbourne Earls** is a village in Wiltshire, England. The village is in the Bourne valley on the A338 road, about 3.4 mi northeast of Salisbury.
In 1931, the parish had a population of 242. The village adjoins Winterbourne Dauntsey. It is part of the civil parish of Winterbourne, formed on 1 April 1934 by amalgamating the three ancient parishes of Winterbourne Earls, Winterbourne Dauntsey and Winterbourne Gunner.
## History
Domesday Book in 1086 recorded a settlement with 28 households at *Wintreburne*, on land held by Edward of Salisbury.
The name \"Earls\" came from the Earls of Salisbury who were lords of the manor in the thirteenth century. Since then, the manor has only changed hands twice: in 1551, it was leased to the Nicholas family by its owners, the Bishops of Salisbury, then in 1799, the Fort family took the lease and later bought the manor, retaining it until the mid-twentieth century.
## Churches
A Wesleyan Methodist chapel was built in 1843 at Hurdcott, immediately to the south of Winterbourne Earls. The chapel closed in 1967 and the community is served by Bourne Valley Methodist Church at Winterbourne Dauntsey.
The Church of England parish church of St Michael and All Angels serves the village and Winterbourne Dauntsey. It was built next to the main road in 1867--8 by T.H. Wyatt and replaced an older church, probably built in the 12th century; St Edward\'s at Winterbourne Dauntsey was closed at the same time. Fragments of both older churches were used in the new church, and there are two roundels of 13th-century glass. The font bowl, pulpit and some of the monuments are also of older dates.
At some point before 1867, the benefices of Winterbourne Earls and Dauntsey had been united and made a perpetual curacy. Winterbourne Gunner was added to the union in 1924. A team ministry was created for the area in 1973, and in the same year the Dauntsey and Earls parishes were united. Today, the church is part of the Bourne Valley Churches grouping, alongside five nearby village churches.
## Facilities
Winterbourne Earls CofE Primary School serves the village and surrounding communities. The school was built in 1992 on a new site to replace a National School dating from 1872.
There was a pub at Hurdcott (the Black Horse) which closed in 2023, and another at Winterbourne Dauntsey (the Winterbourne Arms).
## Notable people {#notable_people}
Henry Sherfield (c.1572--1634, lawyer and Member of Parliament) lived in the village.
Notable members of the Nicholas family include Sir Edward Nicholas (1593--1669), MP and Secretary of State, and his younger brother Matthew (1594--1661) who rose to become Dean of St Paul\'s Cathedral and is buried at Winterbourne Earls
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# Arthus-Bertrand
**Arthus-Bertrand** is a maker of medals and decorations. It was founded in Paris in 1803 by Claude Arthus-Bertrand, an army officer during the French Revolution. Artists who have designed for the firm include Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi (sculptor of the Statue of Liberty) and Fernand Léger. The company employs nearly 300 people.
Arthus-Bertrand has had many distinguished clients to include the French government. It is the official manufacturer of the French Legion of Honour and has made insignia for the Society of the Cincinnati and the Order of Lafayette
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# Brébeuf, Quebec
**Brébeuf** (`{{IPA|fr|bʁebœf}}`{=mediawiki}) is a municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec, Canada, part of Les Laurentides Regional County Municipality. It is located along the Rouge River (*Rivière Rouge*), near Mont-Tremblant.
## Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Brébeuf had a population of `{{val|1009|fmt=commas}}`{=mediawiki} living in `{{val|495|fmt=commas}}`{=mediawiki} of its `{{val|620|fmt=commas}}`{=mediawiki} total private dwellings, a change of `{{percentage|{{#expr:1009-976}}`{=mediawiki}\|976\|1}} from its 2016 population of `{{val|976|fmt=commas}}`{=mediawiki}. With a land area of 35.78 km2, it had a population density of `{{Pop density|1009|35.78|km2|sqmi|prec=1}}`{=mediawiki} in 2021.
Population:
- Population in 2021: 1,009 (2016 to 2021 population change: 3.4%)
- Population in 2016: 976
- Population in 2011: 1,012
- Population in 2006: 939
- Population in 2001: 800
- Population in 1996: 695
- Population in 1991: 609
- Population in 1986: 611
- Population in 1981: 538
- Population in 1976: 426
- Population in 1971: 374
- Population in 1966: 380
- Population in 1961: 410
- Population in 1956: 417
- Population in 1951: 469
- Population in 1941: 384
- Population in 1931: 308
- Population in 1921: 340
- Population in 1911: 325
Mother tongue:
- English as first language: 3%
- French as first language: 95%
- English and French as first language: 1.5%
- Other as first language: 1%
<File:Brebeuf> QC.JPG <File:Eglise> de brebeuf quebec
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# Monty Stickles
**Montford Anthony Stickles** (August 16, 1938 -- September 3, 2006) was an American football tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers and the New Orleans Saints. A first round draft pick in the 1960 NFL draft, Stickles was a sure-handed receiver and rugged --- and sometimes dirty --- blocker who carved out a nine year NFL career.
As a collegian at Notre Dame, Stickles was twice recognized as an All-American, achieving consensus status as a senior in 1959.
## Early life {#early_life}
Monty Stickles was born in Kingston, New York, on August 16, 1938, and grew up in Pughkeepsie, the son of Frances and Montfort Stickles. He was a graduate of Poughkeepsie High School.
## College career {#college_career}
Stickles played End (offensive) and kicked extra points for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish from 1957 to 1959, wearing number 80. As a collegian he stood 6\'4\" tall and weighed 215 pounds and gained a place on the Notre Dame squad as a three-year starter.
In 1957, he had 11 catches for 183 yards and three touchdowns. He also led the team in scoring with 11 extra points, one field goal, and three touchdowns for 32 points, made 27 tackles, and broke up two passes. In 1958, he led in minutes played and scored 60 points while making 31 tackles. He also led the team in receiving with 20 catches for 328 yards and seven touchdowns. While playing for Notre Dame he accumulated 42 career receptions for 746 yards and 12 touchdowns, kicked 42 extra points and five field goals, made 110 tackles, broke up six passes, recovered three fumbles, and blocked one kick. Stickles was a two-time first-team All-American, gaining consensus status as a senior in 1959. During this senior season, he finished 9th in Heisman Trophy voting. He also participated in the East-West Shrine the College All-Star games prior to entering the NFL.
Stickles received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Sociology from Notre Dame in 1960.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
Stickles was the first-round-draft-pick of the San Francisco 49ers, who made him the 11th pick of the 1960 NFL draft. He also was chosen in the first round by the Los Angeles Chargers of the newly formed American Football League (AFL) in 1960.
Stickles got his career off to a fast start, snagging eight passes in his debut game against the New York Giants. He finished the 1960 season fourth on the team among receivers, with 22 catches for 252 years.
The 1961 season was Stickles\' best. During that campaign he established what would be his career-bests for receptions (43), yards gained (794), and touchdowns (5). From 1961 to 1966, Stickles would play in all but two games for the 49ers, starting in every game save four.
After eight seasons in San Francisco, Stickles was traded to the New Orleans Saints on July 5, 1968, for defensive back George Rose. He would only play the 1968 season for the Saints, starting 13 games, during which he caught 15 passes for 206 yards and 2 touchdowns.
## Life after football {#life_after_football}
After his professional football career was over, Stickles went into radio broadcasting as a pioneer of sports talk radio. He also did play-by-play commentary of basketball games for the University of San Francisco on local station KEST in 1968, before moving to the big station KGO to work as an analyst for California Golden Bears football and Oakland Raiders games.
While working at KGO Radio, Stickles also worked as a weekend sportscaster for the company\'s television enterprise, KGO-TV. In addition, he had bit parts in two movies, *Number One* (1969) and *Freebie and the Bean* (1974).
The most memorable event of Stickles\' radio career came in 1984 when he had a brief but explosive post-game interview with San Francisco Giants manager Frank Robinson. Giants relief pitcher Gary Lavelle was returning from injury, Robinson had inserted him in a game, and Lavelle had been shelled. Stickles asked Robinson whether he might have brought him back too soon. \"Frank went fucking crazy,\" Stickles said. \"We had to bleep him 23 times in 56 seconds.\"
Robinson would be fired later that year.
In 1985, Stickles left the world of broadcasting to take a lucrative job selling beer for a prominent Bay Area distributor. He would remain at that post for 20 years, retiring in September 2004.
## Death and legacy {#death_and_legacy}
Stickles died September 3, 2006, of heart failure following a brief illness in Oakland, California.
Never a star but a regular throughout his NFL career, Stickles was remembered as a sure-handed receiver and a rugged blocker, with a dirty streak anticipating the infamous St. Louis Cardinals lineman Conrad Dobler. When his daughter Jessica Stickles Mattos heard such a comment in the press box about her father, she took umbrage, only to have her father later admit the merit of the remark with the words, \"They were right, I do play dirty.\"
His teammate R.C. Owens remembered Stickles as an enforcer \"who would come to the defense of his teammates.\" Owens recalled that \"these linebackers, who were some of the game\'s toughest, would always be looking for No. 85 of the 49ers. He was going against guys like Deacon Jones. He would get head-slapped and clothes-lined. He had to be tough.\"
\"He was a package,\" recalled former 49ers announcer Lon Simmons. \"He used to cheap-shot the linebacker. Then he\'d tell the official to watch the guy. The linebacker would retaliate and he\'d get thrown out.\"
He was remembered by daughter as \"a devoted father\" and \"an eclectic person\". \"As a father, he was great,\" she told the *San Francisco Chronicle* at the time of his death. \"He collected art, he was a gourmet chef, he loved jazz music.\" Himself a musician, Stickles played drums as a hobby
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# WILZ
**WILZ** (104.5 FM, \"Wheelz 104.5\") is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format in Saginaw, Michigan, owned by Cumulus Media. The station is the local affiliate of morning comedy program *The Bob and Tom Show*, music show *Nights with Alice Cooper* and Michigan State Spartans football and men\'s basketball games.
## History
104.5 FM began in the early 1990s as **WUVE**, an album oriented rock station that aired some programming from ABC/Satellite Music Network\'s \"Z Rock\" network (though not an official \"Z-Rock\" affiliate). The station became **WMJA** (\"Magic\") with a classic hits format in 1995, and then adopted its current calls and format in 1999 (possibly in tribute to former Detroit album-rock station WLLZ 98.7 FM, now alternative rock station WDZH).
WILZ\'s format was formerly simulcast on then-sister station **WYLZ** (100.9 FM) (now WLUN), licensed to Pinconning, Michigan. WYLZ has broadcast a variety of different formats since signing on in 1983. 104.5 and 100.9 together were known as \"Wheelz 104.5 and 101\" from 1999 to 2007.
In June 2007, WYLZ was sold by Citadel Broadcasting (along with nine other stations) to The Last Bastion Station Trust, LLC, as part of ABC Radio\'s absorption into Citadel. Upon ending the simulcast, WYLZ switched to a satellite-fed country format (\"Mainstream Country\" from Dial Global) under the \"Thunder Country\" moniker. Despite the programming changes, WYLZ continued to air play-by-play of Great Lakes Loons baseball during the summer of 2007. In the winter of 2008, the Great Lakes Loons finally took over ownership and changed the station to sports radio under new calls WLUN. Citadel retained WILZ until its merger with Cumulus Media on September 16, 2011
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# Harald Sandberg (sailor)
`{{MedalTop}}`{=mediawiki} `{{MedalSport|Men's [[Sailing at the Summer Olympics|Sailing]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{MedalBronze|[[1912 Summer Olympics|1912 Stockholm]] | [[Sailing at the 1912 Summer Olympics – 6 metre class|6 metre class]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{MedalBottom}}`{=mediawiki}
**Harald Sandberg** (October 22, 1883 -- November 28, 1940) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Swedish boat *Kerstin*, which won the bronze medal in the 6 metre class
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# Traverse Gap
The **Traverse Gap** is an ancient river channel occupied by Lake Traverse, Big Stone Lake, and the valley connecting them at Browns Valley, Minnesota. It is on the border of the U.S. states of Minnesota and South Dakota. Traverse Gap has an unusual distinction for a valley: it is transected by a continental divide, and in some floods, water has flowed across that divide from one drainage basin to the other. Before the Anglo-American Convention of 1818, it marked the border between British territory in the north and U.S.---or, earlier, French---territory in the south.
## Geological history {#geological_history}
The Traverse Gap was cut at the end of the last ice age. The Laurentide Ice Sheet decayed and receded as the Wisconsonian glaciation drew to a close, and Glacial Lake Agassiz formed from its meltwaters. The glacier blocked outlets to the north, and the outlet to the south was dammed by the Big Stone Moraine, a terminal moraine left by the ice sheet\'s retreat. Lake Agassiz filled until it overtopped the moraine about 11,700 years ago. The resulting enormous outflow of the lake carved a deep spillway through the moraine, through which cascaded Glacial River Warren. This great river not only created the gap, it also cut the valleys of the present-day Minnesota and Upper Mississippi Rivers. River Warren drained Agassiz twice more over the next 2,300 years, separated by intervals when the ice sheet receded sufficiently to uncover other outlets for Lake Agassiz. About 9,400 years ago, Agassiz found a permanent outlet to the north. With its former source now draining elsewhere, River Warren ceased to flow, and the spillway gorge became the Traverse Gap, now occupied by much smaller lakes and watercourses and a flat valley floor containing marshes, agricultural land, and the small community of Browns Valley, Minnesota.
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# Traverse Gap
## Topography and hydrology {#topography_and_hydrology}
thumb\|upright=2\|right\|Traverse Gap looking south from ice-covered Lake Traverse (bottom of frame) to Big Stone Lake (top). Interbasin flooding is shown: The Little Minnesota River in the Mississippi watershed is entering from the west (meanders at center right margin) and is flooding the Traverse Gap (gray water, surrounding the town of Browns Valley in the center). At lower right, floodwaters from the Little Minnesota are crossing the continental divide and flowing under South Dakota Highway 10 into Lake Traverse in the watershed of Hudson Bay. Despite the low elevation and flat topography of its floor, the Traverse Gap marks the southernmost point of the Northern Divide between the watersheds of the Arctic and the Atlantic Oceans. On the north, Lake Traverse is the source of the Bois des Sioux River, a source stream of the Red River of the North, which drains via Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River to Hudson Bay in the Arctic Ocean. To the south, Big Stone Lake is the source of River Warren\'s remnant, the Minnesota River, tributary to the Mississippi, which drains to the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic. Big Stone Lake is now fed by the Little Minnesota River, the headwaters of which are in South Dakota. The Little Minnesota enters the gap from the west and meanders south through the old channel to Big Stone Lake. The Little Minnesota, part of the Mississippi watershed, is less than 1 mile from Lake Traverse in the drainage basin of Hudson Bay.
The floor of Browns Valley is flat, which allows the waters of one basin to flood across the continental divide into the other basin in times of high water. The maximum elevation on the floor of the valley is 987 feet above sea level. The *Browns Valley Dike* at the south end of Lake Traverse is at the same elevation; this structure was built to reduce the likelihood of flooding south across the continental divide. At 983.9 feet, that divide is lower than the level of the dike, and flooding at Lake Traverse has the potential to drain over the Browns Valley Dike into the Minnesota River watershed. At the south end of the gap, the Big Stone Lake reservoir pool is maintained at 967 feet, but flooded to over 975 feet in 1997. The Little Minnesota River upstream and at a higher elevation near the divide has flooded to a level where it drained across that divide into Lake Traverse. While the natural state of the area has been altered by the dike and control structures on the two lakes, interbasin flooding did occur prior to construction of those improvements. The Traverse Gap therefore allows waters which would naturally flow to the Gulf of Mexico to flow to the Arctic instead, and in the past has allowed water from Lake Traverse to flow in the other direction to Big Stone Lake in the Atlantic basin.
## Geography
The ancient channel at Browns Valley is a mile (1.6 km) wide and some 130 feet deeper than the surrounding terrain through which it was carved. The distance from Lake Traverse to Big Stone Lake is about 5 miles. The ancient channel through the moraine includes not only the land between those modern lakes, but the lakes themselves.
The continental divide crosses the gap transversely at its northern end. The Minnesota-South Dakota border longitudinally bisects the old channel. Roberts County is on the South Dakota side. To the east is Traverse County, Minnesota and the community of Browns Valley near the continental divide. The southeast part of the gap is in Big Stone County, Minnesota.
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# Traverse Gap
## Human settlement {#human_settlement}
thumb\|upright=1.4\|right\|1895 map of the region of southern Lake Agassiz, showing how the lake (its bed shown in green) funneled into the Traverse Gap at Lake Traverse. The squares are civil townships and sections within those townships under the Public Land Survey System used to subdivide public lands for sale. Minnesota is to the east (right) of the watercourses; North Dakota to the north and west (upper left) and South Dakota to the south and west. The area has seen human presence for thousands of years. A Paleo-Indian skeleton now known as \"Browns Valley Man\" was unearthed in 1933 under circumstances which suggested death or interment after deposition of the gravel but before creation of significant topsoil. Found with tools of the Clovis and Folsom types, the human remains have been dated approximately 9,000 years b.p.
The Traverse Gap was used by Native Americans, who \"from time immemorial \... had placed two weather-beaten buffalo skulls where travelers paused to smoke a pipe at the divide.\" Its significance was also appreciated by early explorers, including Major Stephen Harriman Long, who led an expedition up the Minnesota River (then called St. Peter River) across the gap and down the Red River:
The native trails were later used by fur traders who had posts at Lake Traverse and Big Stone Lake, and then by Red River ox carts on the earliest of the Red River Trails. Eric Sevareid and Walter C. Port also used the route on their 1930 canoe journey to Hudson Bay, described in Sevareid\'s book \"Canoeing with the Cree\".
The area was surveyed and sold to the public in the latter part of the nineteenth century. The rural part of the valley floor contains pastures, cropland, and marshes along the Little Minnesota River. The vale was named \"Browns Valley\" after one of its pioneer residents, which in turn gave its name to the incorporated community near its northern end. The valley floor is crossed by Minnesota State Highway 28, which becomes South Dakota Highway 10 at the south end of Lake Traverse.
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# Traverse Gap
## Natural Landmark designation {#natural_landmark_designation}
The uppermost part of the bed of Glacial River Warren, including Big Stone and Traverse lakes, has been designated as a National Natural Landmark under the Historic Sites Act under the name of **Ancient River Warren Channel**. It received this designation in April 1966 from the United States Secretary of the Interior, giving it recognition as an outstanding example of a geological feature of the United States\' natural history. The designation describes it as \"a channel cut by the Ancient River Warren during the Ice Age, containing the Hudson Bay-Gulf of Mexico divide, with a lake on each side as evidence of the irregularities in Ice Age sedimentation\"
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# Baise Rajya
**Baise Rajya** (*lit=22 kingdoms*) were sovereign and intermittently allied petty kingdoms on the Indian subcontinent, ruled by Khasas from medieval Nepal, located around the Karnali-Bheri river basin of modern-day Nepal. The *Baise* were annexed during the unification of Nepal from 1744 to 1810. The Gorkha kingdom\'s founder Prithvi Narayan Shah (r. 1743--1775) did not live to see this, but his son and grandson annexed the entire collection by the end of the 18th century.
The 22 principalities were Jumla, Doti, Jajarkot, Bajura, Gajur, Malneta, Thalahara, Dailekh District, Dullu, Duryal, Dang, Sallyana, Chilli, Tulsipur State, Darnar, Atbis Gotam, Majal, Gurnakot, and Rukum. These Baise states were ruled by Khasas and several decentralized tribal polities.
## List of Rajyas (22 states) {#list_of_rajyas_22_states}
Rajya Annexation to Nepal Notes
--------------- --------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Atbis Gotam 1786 Also known as Gutam.
Bajura August 1791 Became a vassal state of the Kingdom of Nepal.
Biskot 1782 Also possibly known as Bosakot.
Chilli . Descended from Raja Malaibam, Raja of Bajhang in the 14th century.
Dailekh . .
Dang Tulsipur 1786 Founded around 1350, by a scion of the predecessor Kingdom of Sarasvati House of Tulsipur
Darnar . Also spelled Darna, it became a vassal state of the Kingdom of Nepal.
Doti 1786 .
Dullu 1790 Also known as Raskot, it was founded by a division of the Kingdom of Mailbham around 1378.
Duryal . .
Gajur . .
Gurnakot . Possibly the same as Garhunkot, it became a vassal state of the Kingdom of Nepal.
Jajarkot . Became a vassal state of the Kingdom of Nepal, also known originally as Jagatipur.
Jehari . Descended from Raja Malaibam, Raja of Bajhang in the 14th century.
Jumla October 1788 Annexation date also given as September 1789.
Majal . .
Malneta . Became a vassal state of the Kingdom of Nepal.
Musikot 1786 Descended from Raja Malaibam, Raja of Bajhang in the 14th century.
Phalawagh . Possibly the same as Salyana.
Rukum . Descended from Raja Malaibam, Raja of Bajhang in the 14th century.
Salyana 25 September 1786 It was made a vassal state after annexation and was ultimately abolished in 1961, with the Raja still receiving a Privy Purse until the abolishment of the Nepali monarchy.
Thalahara . Became a vassal state of the Kingdom of Nepal.
A parallel confederation of 24 principalities *Chaubisi rajya* (*चौबिसी राज्य*) occupied most of the Gandaki basin east of the *Baisi*
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# Persenbeug-Gottsdorf
**Persenbeug-Gottsdorf** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria on the left bank of the river Danube.
## Geography
The municipality has the following subdivisions:
- Gottsdorf
- Hagsdorf
- Metzling
- Persenbeug
## Places of interest {#places_of_interest}
The Castle of Persenbeug, one of few private properties of the Habsburgian descendants.
The Persenbeug-Ybbs power station, being the first Austrian Danube spillway dam, built in 1954--1959. Found on river km 2060 and serving also as a road bridge, it has now 7 turbines and there are guided tours (every afternoon, in German only). The adjacent lock with two chambers is part of the international Danube waterway.
The Danube cycle path, the tourist *Eisenwurzenweg* and *Jakobsweg* are also crossing the Danube via the dam
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Persenbeug-Gottsdorf
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# WYKX
**WYKX** (104.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Escanaba, Michigan, it first began broadcasting in 1977 under the WFNN call sign that call sign today is used at a radio station in Erie Pennsylvania. It is locally owned and operated by Todd Mohr, through licensee Aurora Media, LLC, along with adult standards sister station WDBC 680 AM.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, WFNN was \"Fun 104,\" an automated Top 40 station. Most programming was separate from WDBC, with a few exceptions including simulcasts of Casey Kasem\'s American Top 40. Following the debut of WGLQ in 1982, the station switched to its current calls and format.
WYKX belongs to the Detroit Lions radio network and broadcasts every regular season home and away game for the central UP. The broadcast range is from Menominee to Marquette and Iron Mountain to Manistique. It can also be heard across Lake Michigan in parts of northern Lower Michigan, around Leland and Frankfort.
The Morning Show is hosted weekdays from 6-10 A.M. with Arthur Wyman
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# Petzenkirchen
`{{Infobox settlement
| name = Petzenkirchen
| native_name =
| settlement_type = [[Municipality (Austria)|Municipality]]
<!-- Images -->
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
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| image_shield = AUT Petzenkirchen COA.jpg
| shield_size = 80x110px
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<!-- Maps -->
| pushpin_map = Austria
| pushpin_mapsize = 270
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Austria
| image_map =
| mapsize =
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| map_caption = Location within [[Melk (district)|Melk]] district
<!-- Location -->
| coordinates = {{coord|48|9|N|15|9|E|display=inline,title}}
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| subdivision_name = [[Austria]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of Austria|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Lower Austria]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District (Austria)|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Melk (district)|Melk]]
| parts_type =
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
<!-- Leaders -->
| leader_title = [[Burgomaster|Mayor]]
| leader_name = Lisbeth Kern
| leader_party =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
<!-- Statistics -->
| area_footnotes = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_footnotes}}
| area_total_km2 = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_total_km2}}
| area_metro_km2 =
| elevation_m = 258
| elevation_max_m =
| elevation_min_m =
| population_as_of = {{Austria population Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = {{Austria population Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total = {{Austria population Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_urban =
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| population_note =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| established_title =
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| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset = +1
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| registration_plate =
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Austria|Postal code]]
| postal_code = 3252
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Austria|Area code]]
| area_code = 07416
| website = [http://www.petzenkirchen.at www.petzenkirchen.at]
| footnotes =
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Petzenkirchen** is a market town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
## Population
## Geography
Petzenkirchen is located in the Mostviertel which is part of Lower Austria. The area of the market town is 2.89 square kilometres. Adjacent municipalities are the town of Wieselburg and the village of Bergland
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# Shue
**Shue** is a surname. It may be an Americanized spelling of the German surnames Schue or Schuh. Additionally, it is an ad hoc romanization of various Chinese surnames, including those spelled in pinyin as Xǔ (*許*) and Xuē (*薛*).
The 2010 United States census found 3,155 people with the surname Shue, making it the 10,215th-most-common name in the country, up from 3,091 (9,648th-most-common) in the 2000 United States census. In both censuses, slightly less than nine-tenths of the bearers of the surname identified as non-Hispanic white, and slightly less than one-tenth as Asian
| 95 |
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| 0 |
11,023,750 |
# Fredrik Jensen (soldier)
**Fredrik Jensen** (25 March 1921 -- 31 July 2011) was a decorated Norwegian soldier in the German Waffen SS during World War II.
Born in Oslo, Norway, Jensen was the most highly decorated Norwegian on the Axis\' side during World War II, being awarded the German Cross in Gold on 7 December 1944. He served in several Waffen-SS regiments, such as the SS-Panzergrenadier Regiment 4 *Der Führer* in 2nd SS Panzer Division *Das Reich* and SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 9 *Germania* in 5th SS Panzer Division *Wiking*. He served on the southern front for the end of the war, with the rank of *Obersturmführer* and was arrested in hospital in Vienna. He was kept in the American prison in Dachau.
Jensen was sentenced to three months in jail under the legal purge in Norway after World War II, and was also sentenced to a loss of citizen\'s rights for ten years. After having served his prison sentence, he settled down in Sweden as a foreman and had great success in fabrication machinery. He later lived in Málaga in Spain. In 1994, Jensen was on a business trip in the United States. After his name appeared on a list of suspected war criminals, he was arrested and deported.
In June 2007, the Spanish press revealed possible contacts with the war criminal Aribert Heim. Jensen denied the accusation
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| 0 |
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# WYBR
**WYBR** (102.3 FM, \"Today\'s Hit Music, Y102\") is a radio station in Big Rapids, Michigan, broadcasting a hot adult contemporary format. Its signal can be heard as far south as Rockford, Michigan, as far north as Cadillac, Michigan and as far east as Mount Pleasant, Michigan.
The station began broadcasting in 1981 as **WAAQ**, \"The Music Machine, Q102\", with an adult contemporary format. In 1992 WAAQ was sold and became **WPZX**, a CHR/Top 40 station known as \"Power 102\". In 1994, the station was sold again and WPZX became \"Y102\", originally employing a Hot AC format from ABC Radio Networks known as \"The Best Hits, The Best Variety\" (now \"Today\'s Hit Music\"). The station dropped the ABC satellite format in 2000 and continues as a Hot AC station to this day.
Specialty programming includes \"The Retro Lunch Hour\" weekdays at noon, \"The Commercial Free Drive at Five\" weekdays at 5 p.m and The Zach Sang Show weekday nights. Weekend specialty shows include both the 1980s and 1990s versions of Back Trax USA with Kid Kelly, the Hot AC version of Rick Dees\' Weekly Top 40, Saturday and Sunday nights feature The Open House Party with Kannon, and SonRise (contemporary Christian music) on Sunday mornings.
## History
The call letters \"WYBR\" (\"We\'re the Yellow Brick Road\") were used 1976-1990 by WXRX of Rockford, Illinois
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| 0 |
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# Romanian Armed Forces ranks and insignia
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unexpected '{'
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armed Forces/OF/Blank}}
^
``
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| 0 |
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# Paulista Republican Party
The **Paulista Republican Party** (*Partido Republicano Paulista*, **PRP**) was a Brazilian political party founded on April 18, 1873 during the `{{interlanguage link|Itu Convention|pt|Convenção de Itu}}`{=mediawiki} and sparked the first modern republican movement in Brazil.
Its followers were called *perrepistas*. PRP was the predominant political party in the state of São Paulo throughout the First Brazilian Republic. At the federal level, it allied, in most cases, with the Mineiro Republican Party (PRM) in elections and power alternation through the coffee with milk politics.
During its active period, the party elected four presidents of the republic: Campos Salles (1898), Rodrigues Alves (1902 and 1918), Washington Luís (1922), and Júlio Prestes (1930).
PRP was dissolved on December 2, 1937, during the Estado Novo.
## Origin
PRP was a republican party with legal existence, even during the Empire of Brazil period, founded during the Convention of Itu on April 18, 1873. It was the result of a political fusion between farmers from the Republican or Radical Club, among whom were prominent figures like Américo Brasiliense, Luís Gama, Américo de Campos, and Bernardino de Campos, Prudente de Morais, Campos Sales, Francisco Glicério, Júlio de Mesquita, and Jorge Tibiriçá Piratininga, its first president. At this first party convention, 124 delegates from various cities in the São Paulo province attended.
During the imperial period, PRP elected deputies to the General Assembly of the Empire (the current Chamber of Deputies), Campos Sales and Prudente de Morais, in the 1885-1888 legislature. In 1887, Bernardino de Campos definitively aligned the party with abolitionism, saving it from the crisis caused by the pro-slavery inclination of landowners.
Its official organ was the newspaper \"Correio Paulistano\", which, during the Second Reign, belonged to the Conservative Party and was destroyed in 1930 with the victory of the 1930 Revolution, but it resumed circulation and finally ceased its activities in the 1960s. Other newspapers that supported PRP were also destroyed in 1930, including \"A Plateia\", \"A Gazeta,\" and \"Folha da Manhã,\" the current Folha de S. Paulo.
Its members consisted of liberal professionals (lawyers, doctors, engineers, etc.), known as the *liberal classes,* and above all, important rural landowners from São Paulo, coffee growers, known as the *conservative classes,* supporters of European immigration for coffee plantations and also supporters of the abolition of slavery.
Almost all the leadership of PRP, at the time called \"próceres,\" were members of the Freemasons. Meetings of the PRP leadership in the editorial office of Correio Paulistano were traditional.
Its first newspaper was \"A Província de S. Paulo,\" now O Estado de S. Paulo, founded in 1875 by the historical republicans, including Campos Sales.
The primary goal of PRP was to establish a republican federation in Brazil with a high degree of administrative decentralization, which did not exist during the imperial period (1822-1889).
Another important demand of the Republicans was the return of taxes collected by the union to the originating province (later states).
PRP remained in opposition from its foundation in 1873 until the Proclamation of the Republic. After the 1930 Revolution, it returned to being an opposition party. PRP remained in opposition from 1930 until its extinction with the advent of the Estado Novo in 1937. In other words, it started on April 18, 1873, and ended on December 2, 1937.
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# Paulista Republican Party
## Old Republic {#old_republic}
With the Proclamation of the Republic on November 15, 1889, a new cycle of political power began in Brazil known as the Old Republic.
The Old Republic was divided into two periods. Initially, the so-called Sword Republic was established, with the military governments of Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca and Marshal Floriano Peixoto consolidating the republican regime in Brazil.
After the military left federal power, the Coffee with Milk politics or Oligarchic Republic originated, with the country being governed by civilian presidents strongly influenced by the agrarian sector of the economy.
PRP, through its main leader and ideologue Campos Sales with his \"Politics of the States,\" which was better known as the Governors\' Politics, was the political party that played a decisive role in removing the military from politics at the beginning of the Republic.
Campos Sales expressed his opinion on this matter:
And he defined the coffee with milk politics and the politics of the states as follows:
The federal political power, in the Coffee with Milk Republic, had its governability guaranteed by the Politics of the States. Federal deputies and senators did not hinder the president\'s politics, and the president did not interfere in state governments. The states were guaranteed broad administrative autonomy in their own affairs. The federal power did not interfere in the internal politics of the states, and state governments did not interfere in municipal politics, ensuring political autonomy and national tranquility.
The President of the Republic supported the actions of state presidents, such as the selection of their successors, and in return, the governors provided support and political assistance to the federal government, collaborating in the election of candidates for the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies who fully supported the President of the Republic. Thus, the state delegations in the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies did not pose obstacles to the president of the republic, who freely conducted his government.
Each state of the Brazilian federation had its own Republican Party, but they were not connected to each other and were autonomous.
Representatives of the Paulista Republican Party and the Mineiro Republican Party (PRM) alternated in federal power. They controlled the elections and enjoyed the support of the agrarian elite, at the time called the *conservative classes,* from other states in Brazil.
With the new republican regime, PRP ceased to be a party of social class and opposition, as it was during the Second Reign, when it was, in fact, a vehicle for the political demands of the great abolitionist coffee planters who used European wage labor.
With the Republic, the party also became an institution dedicated to state bureaucracy, with the need for state and municipal governments to comply with the directives of the PRP leadership.
Thus, PRP, upon gaining power with the republic, put into practice its political program of administrative decentralization, establishment of schools, defense of coffee, modernization of the state and the economy, and separation of the Catholic Church from the Brazilian state.
PRP only had legal existence within the Paulista territory, and with the extinction of the Conservative and Liberal Party after the proclamation of the republic, it became practically the only existing political party in the state of São Paulo. Some political parties had ephemeral existence in the state of São Paulo at the beginning of the Republic.
PRP elected all the presidents of São Paulo and all state senators and deputies. PRP faced weak competition from the Republican Federal Party (PRF) of Francisco Glicério, with a municipalist ideology, and the Conservative Republican Party (PRC).
It was up to Campos Sales, when president of the State of São Paulo, in 1897 and 1898, to weaken the PRF and municipalism by pressuring the interior colonels to join PRP. In exchange for support for PRP and the state president, the colonels had their local power guaranteed and respected.
Campos Sales\' actions in the government of São Paulo were like an embryo of what he would later do at the national level: the Politics of the States or the Governors\' Politics. One of the interior leaders of São Paulo who joined PRP because of Campos Sales\' politics and later became an important leader (prócer) of PRP was Dr. Washington Luís.
PRP was greatly influenced by the ideals of Freemasonry and positivism, and PRP had a true obsession with European immigration.
At the municipal level, there were political disputes when more than one colonel contested local power. In these cases, politicians from the capital divided themselves, supporting one or another colonel for municipal positions.
In the small towns in the interior of São Paulo, the local leader of PRP was typically a colonel, usually the leader of the local Masonic Lodge. Sometimes, two or more colonels competed for control of the local PRP. Local political groups were given nicknames like the *Araras against the Pica-Paus* (woodpeckers). However, there was always a single candidate for the presidency of the state. The colonels supported the politics of the state presidents in exchange for the presidents respecting the local power of the colonel.
There were at least four dissidences within PRP, led by politicians dissatisfied with the PRP leadership and who were bypassed in the choice of PRP candidates for the presidency of the state or other important positions. In 1901, Prudente de Moraes and other deputies founded the Dissident Paulista Republican Party (PRDSP). The final dissidence resulted in the creation of the Democratic Party in February 1926, a party that supported the 1930 Revolution. This last dissidence of PRP originated from a crisis in the São Paulo Masonry, and Dr. José Adriano Marrey Júnior, the grandmaster of the Grand Orient of São Paulo, founded the Democratic Party.
The first major electoral dispute between PRP and the Democratic Party occurred in 1928 for the mayoralty of the city of São Paulo through direct vote, when PRP was overwhelmingly victorious, reelecting Mayor Dr. José Pires do Rio.
The most serious attack on the power of PRP was the São Paulo Revolt of 1924, which caused President Carlos de Campos to withdraw to the interior of the state and organize battalions to defend legality, managing to regain power. Many important members of PRP wore uniforms of the São Paulo Public Force, currently the Military Police of the State of São Paulo, organized and commanded the resistance against the rebels.
PRP elected all the presidents of the State of São Paulo in the Old Republic and elected six presidents of the Republic, although two of them did not take office: Rodrigues Alves when reelected in 1918 did not take office due to his death, and Júlio Prestes due to the 1930 Revolution. Dr. Washington Luís was deposed in 1930.
Washington Luís was a modernizer of PRP, establishing a technical administration, both in the Secretary of Justice and Public Security (in the so-called \"politics without politics\"), and in the Mayor of São Paulo and the state government.
PRP was defeated in the presidential elections of 1910 when the São Paulo president Albuquerque Lins was the vice-presidential candidate on Rui Barbosa\'s ticket in the so-called Civilist Campaign.
The political leaders of PRP gained a reputation as good administrators and upright men, and several were considered statesmen.
In general, PRP, in the Old Republic, was commanded by the current state president. The leaders who had the most strength on the executive board of PRP were President Jorge Tibiriçá Piratininga, who died in 1928, Colonel Fernando Prestes de Albuquerque, and Dr. Altino Arantes Marques, both deceased after the end of the Old Republic.
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# Paulista Republican Party
## 1930 Revolution
On March 1, 1930, the presidential candidate of the Republic Party (PRP), Júlio Prestes, received 90% of the valid votes in the State of São Paulo. It was another major victory for the PRP against the Democratic Party, which supported the opposition candidate Getúlio Vargas. However, Júlio Prestes did not take office as he was overthrown by the 1930 Revolution.
With the 1930 revolution, several political leaders of the PRP, including the elected president Júlio Prestes, who had resigned from the government of São Paulo, and President Washington Luís, were exiled. Heitor Penteado, the acting vice-president of São Paulo and president of the state, was deposed on October 24, 1930, arrested, and exiled. The PRP would no longer govern São Paulo.
The 1930 Revolution and the rise of Getúlio Vargas to power broke this cycle, leading to the extinction of all parties, which only returned in the 1933 elections. The domination of the \"coffee with milk\" politics (represented by the PRP and the PRM) was also abolished.
From 1930 onwards, with few exceptions, politicians from Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Gerais would alternate in the presidency until the 1980s. In the 50 years following 1930, politicians from Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Gerais held federal power for 41 years. Júlio Prestes was the last elected president from São Paulo until the election of Jair Bolsonaro in 2018.
According to the revolutionaries of 1930, Brazil demanded modernity through political and cultural manifestations, with premonitions of what would happen in 1930, given by the Semana de Arte Moderna de 1922 (which, however, was supported by the President of São Paulo at the time, Washington Luís, and by the *Correio Paulistano*, and in which two members of the PRP participated: Plínio Salgado and Menotti Del Picchia), and by the Copacabana Fort revolt of 1922 and the São Paulo Revolt of 1924, which aimed to overthrow the perrepista government of Carlos de Campos.
According to the revolutionaries\' perspective, the 1930 Revolution, with all its difficulties, raised the country to the contemporary world.
However, from the perspective of the perrepista leader, Júlio Prestes, who was elected president in 1930, the dictatorship established in 1930 dishonored Brazil:
In the 1932 Constitutionalist Revolution, the PRP and the Democratic Party joined forces to fight against the dictatorship of the \"Provisional Government.\" In 1933, the PRP participated in the elections for the National Constituent Assembly through the \"United Front for United São Paulo,\" which was the last time in the history of São Paulo that the political forces of São Paulo marched together.
In its final years, the PRP launched its last star in politics as a constituent state deputy, Adhemar Pereira de Barros. During this time, the PRP opposed Governor Armando de Sales Oliveira and did not support him when he ran for president in the elections scheduled for January 1938.
The PRP was definitively extinct shortly after the establishment of the Estado Novo by Decree-Law No. 37 on December 2, 1937. Adhemar de Barros and Fernando Costa, historical perrepistas, were appointed interveners of São Paulo during the dictatorship.
With the return of political parties in 1945, the remnants of the old PRP formed the São Paulo section of the Social Democratic Party, except for Júlio Prestes and elements connected to Washington Luís, who participated in the founding of the National Democratic Union, and Adhemar de Barros and his followers, who created the Progressive Republican Party and shortly thereafter the Progressive Social Party.
## Main Representatives {#main_representatives}
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Paulista Republican Party
| 2 |
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# Paulista Republican Party
## Electoral results {#electoral_results}
### Presidential elections {#presidential_elections}
Election Candidate **Running mate** Colligation First round Second round
----------- --------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------- ------------- -------------- ----
**Votes** **%** **Votes** **%**
1891 Prudente de Morais (PRP) *None* *None* 97 41.45% (#2) \- \-
*None* Floriano Peixoto (Independent) *None* 153 65.38% (#1) \- \-
*None* Prudente de Morais (PRP) *None* 12 5.13% (#3) \- \-
1894 Prudente de Morais (PR Federal) *None* PR Federal; PRP 290,883 88.38% (#1) \- \-
*None* Manuel Vitorino Pereira (PR Federal) PR Federal; PRP 266,060 78.36% (#1) \- \-
1898 Campos Sales (PRP) *None* PRP; PRM 420,286 91.52% (#1) \- \-
*None* Rosa e Silva (PR Federal) PR Federal; PRP; PRM 412,074 89.45% (#1) \- \-
1902 Rodrigues Alves (PRP) *None* PRP; PRM 592,038 93.30% (#1) \- \-
*None* Silviano Brandão (PRM) PRM; PRP 563,734 87.83% (#1) \- \-
*None* Rodrigues Alves (PRP) *None* 4 0.0006% \- \-
1906 Afonso Pena (PRM) *None* PRM; PRP 288,285 97.92% (#1) \- \-
Campos Sales (PRP) *None* *None* 95 0.032% (#3) \- \-
*None* Nilo Peçanha (PRF) PRF; PRM; PRP 272,529 92.96% (#1) \- \-
1910 Ruy Barbosa (PRP) *None* *None* 222,822 31.51% (#2) \- \-
*None* Manuel Joaquim de Albuquerque Lins (PRP) *None* 219,106 35.00% (#2) \- \-
1914 Venceslau Brás (PRM) *None* PRM; PRP; PPR; PRF 532,107 91.58% (#1) \- \-
*None* Urbano Santos (PRM) PRM; PRP; PPR; PRF 556,127 96.21% (#1) \- \-
1918 Rodrigues Alves (PRP) *None* PRP; PRM 386,467 99.03% (#1) \- \-
*None* Delfim Moreira (PRM) PRM; PRP 382,491 99.42% (#1) \- \-
1919 Epitácio Pessoa (PRM) *None* PRM; PRP 286,373 70.96% (#1) \- \-
Ruy Barbosa (PRP) *None* *None* 116,414 28,85% (#2) \- \-
1922 Artur Bernardes (PRM) *None* PRM; PRP 466,972 59.46% (#1) \- \-
Washington Luís (PRP) *None* *None* 149 0.01% (#4) \- \-
*None* Urbano Santos (PRM) PRM; PRP 447,595 56.85% (#1) \- \-
*None* Washington Luís (PRP) *None* 368 0.03% (#3) \- \-
1926 Washington Luís (PRP) *None* PRP; PRM 688,528 99.70% (#1) \- \-
*None* Fernando de Melo Viana (PRM) PRM; PRP 685,754 99.62% (#1) \- \-
*None* Washington Luís (PRP) *None* 208 0.030% (#5) \- \-
1930 Júlio Prestes (PRP) *None* PRP; PRB 1,091,709 59.39% (#1) \- \-
*None* Vital Soares (PRB) PRB; PRP 1,079,360 59
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Paulista Republican Party
| 3 |
11,023,796 |
# A Tribute to Joni Mitchell
\|rev8 = *Rolling Stone* \|rev8score = `{{Rating|3|5}}`{=mediawiki} \|rev9 = *Uncut* \|rev9Score = `{{Rating|4|5}}`{=mediawiki} }}
***A Tribute to Joni Mitchell*** is a musical tribute to Joni Mitchell featuring Sufjan Stevens, Björk, Caetano Veloso, Brad Mehldau, Cassandra Wilson, Prince, Sarah McLachlan, Annie Lennox, Emmylou Harris, Elvis Costello, k.d. lang, and James Taylor.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
Track Title Performer Length Original Album
------- --------------------------------- ------------------ -------- ---------------------------------
1 \"Free Man in Paris\" Sufjan Stevens 5:01 *Court and Spark*
2 \"The Boho Dance\" Björk 5:08 *The Hissing of Summer Lawns*
3 \"Dreamland\" Caetano Veloso 4:56 *Don Juan\'s Reckless Daughter*
4 \"Don\'t Interrupt the Sorrow\" Brad Mehldau 5:10 *The Hissing of Summer Lawns*
5 \"For the Roses\" Cassandra Wilson 5:57 *For the Roses*
6 \"A Case of U\" Prince 3:31 *Blue*
7 \"Blue\" Sarah McLachlan 2:49 *Blue*
8 \"Ladies of the Canyon\" Annie Lennox 3:41 *Ladies of the Canyon*
9 \"Magdalene Laundries\" Emmylou Harris 3:43 *Turbulent Indigo*
10 \"Edith and the Kingpin\" Elvis Costello 5:58 *The Hissing of Summer Lawns*
11 \"Help Me\" k.d
| 176 |
A Tribute to Joni Mitchell
| 0 |
11,023,800 |
# Pöchlarn
**Pöchlarn** (*Böchlarn*) is a town on the Danube River in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. The painter and writer Oskar Kokoschka was born here in 1886
| 34 |
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# Gosho-ha Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū
The `{{Nihongo|'''Gosho Ha Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū'''|五所派兵法二天一流}}`{=mediawiki} was one of the branches of the Niten Ichi-ryū, the Kenjutsu school created by Miyamoto Musashi, under the supervision of Gosho Motoharu, Shihan of the 9th generation. Since April 2007 was reintegrated with the seito (main line) under Yoshimoti Kiyoshi, 12th successor of Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū and 10th successor of Gosho-ha Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū.
## About the ryū {#about_the_ryū}
After the creation by Miyamoto Musashi, it is believed that the branch \"Santô-ha\" of the Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū kept unchanged the techniques created by the founder. The ryū arrived the 20th century with the 8th *Sōke* (headmaster), Aoki Kikuo.
In 1961, Aoki Kikuo named one of his closest disciples, Gosho Motoharu, as *Shihan* (master responsible for teaching the techniques of the ryū) and *Soke Daiken* (adjunct successor) of the 9th generation, and other disciple, Kiyonaga Tadanao, as 9th Soke, with the goal to make sure that the techniques of the style were passed to the future generations. Before, in 1955, Gosho Motoharu had received *Menkyo kaiden*, the license of total transmission in Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū and Sekiguchi-ryū, the two schools that Aoki Kikuo was headmaster.
Aoki Kikuo died in 1967. In the following years, the two masters continued representing the Niten Ichi-ryū in Japan.
In 1976, Kiyonaga Tadanao died suddenly, without leaving a designed successor. As Soke Daiken, Gosho Motoharu continued to represent the *ryū* on this period. After eight months without a *soke*, the Kiyonaga family asked Gosho Motoharu to prepare Imai Massayuke, a Kendo teacher of the same town, who made contact with the style months earlier interested in learning more about the Bōjutsu of the Niten Ichi-ryū, to stay as 10th *soke*, while the son of the 9th Soke, Kiyonaga Fumiya, would be the 11th *soke*.
Gosho Motoharu taught to Imai Massayuke and Kiyonaga Fumiya all the curriculum of the *ryū* in the following months and years, and remained as the main responsible for the techniques teachings. Together, they represented the ryū on many occasions and countries, such as France (1983), China (1986) and Australia (1988).
In the end of the 1980s, the 10th Soke and the Shihan splintered their ways. At this time, Gosho Motoharu was graded as Iaido Hanshi Hachidan by the ZNIR, and was also responsible for Sekiguchi-ryū. Imai Massayuke did not receive Menkyo Kaiden in Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū from Gosho Motoharu, thus breaking the Menkyo Kaiden transmission.
At this time, there were changes in the *kata* of the ryū under Imai Massayuke. The techniques of the style became different of the style as taught by Aoki Kikuo. One of the best known records of the original techniques is the Nippon Budokan Archive, recorded in 1981 with Gosho Motoharu acting as Uchidachi and the 10th Soke, Imai Massayuke, as Shidachi. During the next 15 years, the original form of the katas were preserved by Gosho Motoharu and other students of the 8th Soke.
In November 2003, Imai Massayuke decided that the title *soke* would no more be used in the ryū, and that there would be three 11th generations successors, who would be named as *dai juichi*. They were Kiyonaga Fumiya (son of the 9th Soke, Kiyonaga Tadanao) of Oita, Chin Kin (an old student of the 8th Soke, Aoki Kikuo) and Iwami Toshio from Kokura.
Imai-soke put the Jisso Emman no Bokuto, the wooden sword made by Miyamoto Musashi and traditional symbol of his successor, in guard of the Usa Jingu Shrine. Any of the *daijuichi* or their future successors have access to it by a limited period of time.
In 2004 Kiyonaga Fumiya (dai juichi) died. Most of the ryū members in Japan were his students and decided not to continue under the others successors, but to join Gosho Motoharu in order to give continuity to the original forms of the style.
So was founded the branch Gosho-ha Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū in 2004, with members in Japan, Brazil, Argentina, Hawaii and Chile.
The 10th soke, Imai Massayuke, died in 2006. In May 2007 the Oita Prefecture Kendo Department requested the Kiyonaga family and the Gosho Ha Niten Ichi-ryū masters to reestablish the seito (main line) of Kiyonaga Fumiya in Oita, where the ryū was based since the 9th generation. The Kiyonaga family designated Yoshimoti Kiyoshi, son of Gosho Motoharu and successor in Gosho-ha Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū, as Junidai (12th successor) of Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū Seito under Kiyonaga Fumiya\'s line.
The two lines were again unified under Yoshimoti Kiyoshi, 12th successor of Miyamoto Musashi, from an unbroken line in both Menkyo Kaiden transmission and recognized succession.
Others masters of the ryū under Yoshimoti Kiyoshi and Gosho Motoharu are Ishii Toyozumi and Shigematsu Isao in Japan (among others).
The two remaining successors of Imai Massayuke continue to represent the ryū with their own groups.
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# Gosho-ha Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū
## Dispute
Iwami Toshio, one of the three *daijuichi* successors, disputes the sole representation of Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū, not recognizing the two other seito lines. His group alleges that Imai Massayuke changed his mind about having three successors after the decision of Kiyonaga Fumiya to follow without further contact with him and Iwami Toshio.
This group also alleges that Gosho Motoharu could not establish his family line (*Gosho Ha*) without the sanction of the present *Soke*. To this, the group of Gosho Motoharu and Yoshimoti Kyoshi responded that Gosho is Shihan of the 9th generation. They also don\'t recognize the status of Iwami Toshio as present *Soke*.
The title of *soke* is usually designated from one leader to the next. It is not a hereditary title in Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū. In 2003 Imai Massayuke, the 10th Soke, decided to end the use of this title in the ryū, a fact recognized by Nihon Kobudo Kyokai.
The legitimacy of succession by Yoshimoti is recognized by the Japanese budo community. In 2007, the year of the succession, he represented the ryū in some of the most important events of Japan, such as the Kyoto Taikai and the All Japan Naginata Championship.
In September 2007 the Kendo Nippon, the most important publication of Japan about the Sword Arts made an extensive report covering the succession by Yoshimoti.
About the changes in the *katas* made by Imai Massayuke, the Iwami Toshio\'s groups says that Imai Massaiyuke amalgamated and simplified the techniques for technical and didactic reasons. They carry on this altered version of the *katas* in their demonstrations, practices and seminars.
The group of Gosho Motoharu and Yoshimoti Kyoshi practices the original form of the *kata* as they were taught by the 8th soke. This group emphasizes the importance of preserving the essence and form of the techniques unchanged.
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# Gosho-ha Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū
## Lineage
Per [www.nitenichiryu.jp](https://web.archive.org/web/20120212041905/http://www.nitenichiryu.jp/niten.htm).
### Seito Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū {#seito_hyōhō_niten_ichi_ryū}
Shinmen Musashi no Kami Fujiwara no Genshin (Miyamoto Musashi) 宮本 武蔵 藤原 玄信
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Terao Kyūmanosuke Nobuyuki 寺尾 求馬助
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Terao Gouemon Katsuyuki 寺尾 郷右衛門
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Yoshida Josetsu Masahiro 吉田 如雪
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Santō Hikozaemon Kiyohide 山東 彦左衛門
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Santō Hanbē Kiyoaki 山東 半兵衛
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Santō Shinjūrō Kiyotake 山東 新十郎
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Aoki Kikuo Hisakatsu 青木 規矩男
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Kiyonaga Tadanao 清長 忠直
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Imai Masayuki 今井 正之
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Kiyonaga Fumiya 清長 忠直
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Yoshimoti (Yoshimochi) Kiyoshi (10th successor Gosho-ha Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū) 吉用 清
### Gosho-ha Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū {#gosho_ha_hyōhō_niten_ichi_ryū}
Shinmen Musashi no Kami Fujiwara no Genshin (Miyamoto Musashi) 宮本 武蔵 藤原 玄信
:
: \|\|
Terao Kyūmanosuke Nobuyuki 寺尾 求馬助
:
: \|\|
Terao Gouemon Katsuyuki 寺尾 郷右衛門
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: \|\|
Yoshida Josetsu Masahiro 吉田 如雪
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Santō Hikozaemon Kiyohide 山東 彦左衛門
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: \|\|
Santō Hanbē Kiyoaki 山東 半兵衛
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Santō Shinjūrō Kiyotake 山東 新十郎
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Aoki Kikuo Hisakatsu 青木 規矩男
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Gosho Motoharu 五所 元治
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Yoshimoti (Yoshimochi) Kiyoshi (12th successor Seito line) 吉用 清
## Techniques
The *ryū* is famous for its two-sword techniques. However, the style is composed also by techniques with single sword and short sword, and also techniques with staff.
Gosho Motoharu and Yoshimoti Kiyoshi preserves these techniques as they arrived the 20th century with the 8th Sōke, Aoki Kikuo.
The Bokutō (wooden sword) used have unique attributes. They are made following the model of a Bokutō made by Miyamoto Musashi himself. Today in possession of the Usa Shrine (宇佐神宮) in Ōita, where the Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū members annually perform *embu* (demonstration) at the commemoration of the new year.
The *ryū* has the following techniques:
Tachi Seihō 太刀勢法---12 techniques with long sword
- Sassen
- Hassō Hidari
- Hassō Migi
- Uke Nagashi Hidari
- Uke Nagashi Migi
- Moji Gamae
- Haritsuke
- Nagashi Uchi
- Tora Buri
- Kazuki
- Aisen Uchidome
- Amashi Uchi
Kodachi Seihō 小太刀勢法---seven techniques with short sword
- Sassen
- Chūdan
- Uke Nagashi
- Moji Gamae
- Hari Tsuke
- Nagashi Uchi
- Aisen
Nitō Seihō 二刀勢法---five techniques with two swords (mentioned in *The Book of Five Rings*)
- Chūdan
- Jōdan
- Gedan
- Hidari Waki Gamae
- Migi Waki Gamae
Bōjutsu 棒術---20 techniques with staff
There are also *kuden* teachings, known only by advanced practitioners. These teachings are not other sets of techniques, but other ways to practice the above-mentioned techniques.
There are no other weapons in Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū besides tachi, kodachi, the two together and bō.
## Grades
Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū, as most *kobudo ryū*, does not use the *Dan/Kyu* system of graduation, but the traditional *makimono* (handscroll) system.
Each *Makimono* refers to a set of technique. All the licenses must be awarded in order. I.e.: One cannot receive *okuden* (by learning the two-sword techniques) before learning the long and short swords techniques (receiving *Shoden* and *Chuden makimono*).
The transmission of *Menkyo Kaiden* is the assurance that the ryū has the same form and methods created by the founder. Of the three representatives of the *Seito* line, Yoshimoti Kiyoshi is the only one who comes from an unbroken line of *Menkyo Kaiden* transmission.
1. *Shoden*: handed down to those who learned completely the *katas* of the *Tachi Seiho*.
2. *Chuden*: after Shoden, handed down to those who learned completely the *katas* of the *Kodachi Seiho*.
3. *Okuden*: after Chuden, handed down to those who learned completely the *katas* of the *Nito Seiho*.
4. *Menkyo*: After Okuden, handed down to those who learned completely the *Bōjutsu katas*.
5. *Menkyo kaiden*: handed down to those who assimilated the entire content of the ryū plus have a deep philosophical knowledge of the Way and of the teachings of the founder.
## Embu
Yoshimoti Kiyoshi frequently represents the ryū in important *embu* (demonstrations / 演舞).
In 2002 and 2007 he represented the ryū in the Kyoto Taikai, one of the most important events of martial arts in Japan, held every year in the Kyōto Butokuden.
In 2007 Yoshimoti Kiyoshi represent the ryū in other important budō events besides de Kyōto Taikai, such as the All Japan Naginata Championship and the Miyamoto Yori Taikai, in Kokura.
Another important embu, held every year and specially important for the members of the ryū, is the commemoration of the new year at the Usa Jingū Shrine, where the Miyamoto Musashi\'s bokutō is held. The Ōita Kendo Association appointed Yoshimochi Kiyoshi died 4 January 2020 leaving no successor. Please refer to his Japanese wiki page <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyoshi_Yoshimoti>
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# Gosho-ha Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū
## Places of practice {#places_of_practice}
In Japan the ryū under Gosho Motoharu and Yoshimoti Kiyoshi is practiced mostly in Kyushu, specially in Usa, Oita, where the ryū has been based since the 1950s
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# Sexfriend
is a hentai computer game and anime. *Sexfriend* focuses on the protagonist, Tomohiro Takabe, who has his first sexual encounter in the nurse\'s office after school with his classmate, Mina Hayase. He eventually desires a real romantic relationship, not just \"friends with benefits\". Another student, Kaori Nonomiya, sees Tomohiro and Mina having sex and runs off disappointed because she also loves Tomohiro. She eventually joins them in a threesome
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# Dentalium shell
The word **dentalium**, as commonly used by Native American artists and anthropologists, refers to tooth shells or tusk shells used in indigenous jewelry, adornment, and commerce in western Canada and the United States. These tusk shells are a kind of seashell, specifically the shells of scaphopod mollusks. The name \"dentalium\" is based on the scientific name for the genus *Dentalium*, but because the taxonomy has changed over time, not all of the species used are still placed in that genus; however, all of the species are certainly in the family Dentaliidae.
Dentalium shells were used by Inuit, First Nations, and Native Americans as an international trade item. This usage is found along the western coast of Canada and along the Pacific Ocean coast of the northwest United States extending southward to Southern California. Traditionally, the shells of *Antalis pretiosa* (previously known as *Dentalium pretiosum*, the precious dentalium (a species which occurs from Alaska to Baja California) were harvested from deep waters around the Pacific Northwest coast of North America, especially off the coast of Vancouver Island. Today most dentalium shells in the shell trade are smaller, more brittle, and are harvested from coasts off Asia---i.e. they are shells of Indo-Pacific species of scaphopods.
## Uses
### Pacific Northwest {#pacific_northwest}
Peoples of the Northwest Pacific Coast would trade dentalium into the Great Plains, Great Basin, Central Canada, Northern Plateau and Alaska for other items including many foods, decorative materials, dyes, hides, macaw feathers which came from Central America, turquoise from the American Southwest, as well as many other items.
Nuu-chah-nulth peoples were the primary harvesters of dentalium shells. Among the Northwest Coastal tribes, the shells were valued for both trade and adornment. Young Nuu-chah-nulth girls of high status wore elaborate dentalium jewelry. When the jewelry was removed, a potlatch was held to celebrate, and the girl would be considered eligible for marriage.
Athabaskan peoples of Alaska and subarctic Canada incorporate dentalium into jewelry with glass beads. Along with iron, these items were regarded as prestigious trade goods in the 19th century.
Shells of the species *Antalis pretiosa* which had been gathered on the shores of Vancouver Island were first traded to the Canadian Plateau between 1000 and 1 BCE. During the 1st century CE, the shell was a common trade item in the Plateau. Some very elite women from Plateau tribes wore dentalium shells through pierced septa. Elaborate bridal headdresses from the 19th and early 20th centuries, features dentalium shells strung on hide with Chinese brass coins and glass beads. Nlaka\'pamux peoples have included dentalium shells in their relatives\' burials. The shells are sometimes given away at memorial services.
### California
Dentalium shells are highly culturally significant to California tribes. Yurok oral history says that Pithváva, or \"Big Dentalium,\" a deity, created that smaller dentalium and dictated their significance as sacred wealth. Among northern California tribes, dentalium was traditionally the most important unit of exchange -- incorporated into regalia and used for gambling and commerce. The shell\'s length and quality determined value. Highest quality shells would be about 2.25\" long, and a dozen would typically be strung together, and a 27.5\" string of dentalium was the price of a redwood dugout canoe. Certain men, who became known as \"Indian bankers,\" tattooed marks on their arms with which to measure the length of the shells. Among northern California tribes, such as the Yurok, Karuk, and Hupa, dentalium shells were stored in elk-antler purses or treasure baskets.
On the Central Coast of California, shells of *Dentalium neohexagonum* (a species that occurs from Monterey, California to Baja California) have been recovered from prehistoric habitation sites of the Chumash, who apparently used these shells as tubes, possibly in jewelry.
### Great Plains {#great_plains}
Among Plains Indians, dentalium shells have traditionally been associated with wealth and embellished women\'s capes, yokes of dresses, hair ornaments, necklaces, and long, dangling earrings.
### Modern
Dentalium shells is still used today in Native American and Inuit regalia as decorations and jewelry.
### Middle East {#middle_east}
In the ancient Levant, dentalium shells were used in the ritual burials of the deceased, although uncertainty, of its significance to the dead, remains
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# Flosstradamus
**Flosstradamus** is the stage name of American DJ and musician **Curt Cameruci**. From 2007 until 2016, Flosstradamus consisted of Cameruci and Josh Young from Chicago. The duo announced they would both be pursuing solo careers, with Cameruci to continue using Flosstradamus as a stage name. Cameruci is also known as Autobot, and Young is also known as J2K and YehMe2. Flosstradamus is known for being one of the early pioneers of the trap genre, made popular by their remix of Major Lazer\'s hit single \"Original Don\".
Flosstradamus, as a duo, have worked alongside artists including Kid Sister (Young\'s sister), Diplo, Three 6 Mafia\'s Juicy J, The Cool Kids, and A-Trak. They played at many college campuses such as Wellesley College, Drexel University (alongside Waka Flocka Flame), Northwestern University, Carnegie Mellon University (playing alongside RJD2), Middlebury College, Columbia University, and UC Riverside. They have additionally appeared on *Late Night with Jimmy Fallon*, and the Nick Jr. program *Yo Gabba Gabba!*.
## Career
In April 2006, Flosstradamus, as a duo, was included in URB\'s annual \"Next 100\". In addition, during the summer of 2007, they embarked on an international tour with Chromeo, dubbed the \"Fancy Footwork Tour\". Autobot is also active in the Serato Scratch Live community making his Flossy FX sampler available online to the masses via their MySpace page. In 2014, at SXSW Flosstradamus set up a guerrilla WiFi network titled PLURNTNET to distribute a new track titled \"Hdygrlz Anthm\". Using social media the duo pointed fans to the PLURTNET via geotagged posts at various locations around Austin. Users could sign on and download or stream the track.
On July 29, 2016, they released their single \'Came Up\' with FKi 1st, graves and featuring Post Malone and Key!. In December 2016, Young announced Flosstradamus was splitting and he would pursue a solo career. Young\'s solo project soon adopted the name YehMe2. Cameruci would continue with the name Flosstradamus as a solo act. In March 2017 he released the single \"Back Again\", which featured Waka Flocka Flame and Mayhem through Ultra Music. They have also partnered with Dillon Francis to form the touring and live performance group Dillstradamus.
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# Flosstradamus
## Discography
### As a duo {#as_a_duo}
#### Singles
- 2009: \"Big Bills\" featuring Caroline Polachek (Green Label)
- 2013: \"Assquake\"
- 2013: \"Look at the Sky\"
- 2013: \"Hood Fantasy\"
- 2013: \"Pillz\" (with Yellow Claw and Green Velvet)
- 2013: \"Mosh Pit\" (with Casino)
- 2014: \"Drop Top\" (with Travis Porter)
- 2014: \"TTU (Too Turnt Up)\" (with Waka Flocka Flame)
- 2014: \"Rebound\" (with Elkka)
- 2015: \"Prison Riot\" (with GTA and Lil Jon)
- 2015: \"Soundclash\" (with TroyBoi)
- 2016: \"Came Up\" (with FKi 1st, graves, Post Malone and Key)
- 2017: \"Back Again\" (with Mayhem and Waka Flocka Flame
- 2017: \"How You Gon\' Do That\" (with Cara)
- 2017: \"Tern It Up\" (with Dillon Francis)
- 2018: \"2 Much\" (with 24hrs)
- 2018: \"MVP\" (with Smokepurpp)
- 2018: \"Guava\" (with Rawtek)
- 2018: \"ID\" (with Boombox Cartel)
- 2019: \"G.O.D. (Grind or Die)\" (with Blvk Jvck featuring Leat\'eq)
- 2019: \"Bounce Back\" (with Megatone)
- 2020: \"So Far\" (with Nonsens)
#### Extended plays {#extended_plays}
- 2011: *Jubilation* (Fool\'s Gold Records)
- 2012: *Total Recall* (Mad Decent / Jeffrees)
- 2012: *Jubilation 2.0* (Fool\'s Gold Records)
- 2012: *XO*
- 2013 *Nomads* (with DJ Sliink)
- 2014 *Wake & Bake* (with Travis Porter)
- 2014 *Plurnt*
- 2015 *Soundclash* (Ultra Records / Fool\'s Gold Records)
- 2015 *Hdynation Radio* (Ultra Records)
#### Mixtapes
- 2007: *Scion Audio/Visual CD Sampler V. 17* (Vice Records)
- 2009: *Are You In?: Nike+ Original Run*
#### Production
- 2011: Toddla T featuring J2K - \"Take It Back\"
- 2012: Iggy Azalea featuring Juicy J - \"Flexin & Finessin\"
- 2012: Mykki Blanco - \"YungRhymeAssassin\"
#### Soundtracks
- 2015: Need for Speed - \"Don\'t Trip\"
#### Remixes
- 2012: Sub Focus - Tidal Wave (Flosstradamus Remix)
- 2013: Flux Pavilion featuring Childish Gambino - Do or Die (Flosstradamus Remix)
- 2014: Young Thug - Stoner (Flosstradamus Remix)
- 2014: Steve Aoki featuring Waka Flocka Flame - Rage the Night Away (Flosstradamus Remix)
- 2015: O.T. Genasis - CoCo (Flosstradamus Remix)
- 2015: Rihanna - Bitch Better Have My Money (Flosstradamus Remix)
- 2015: Major Lazer featuring Bruno Mars, Tyga and Mystic - Bubble Butt (Flosstradamus Remix)
- 2015: Fetty Wap featuring Drake - My Way (Flosstradamus and 4B Remix)
- 2016: Dizzee Rascal and Calvin Harris - Hype (Flosstradamus Remix)
- 2019: Nghtmre featuring ASAP Ferg - Redlight (Flosstradamus Remix)
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
The musician collaborated with Hemper to create his own smoking accessory box, typically used to consume marijuana. Other musicians such as Ty Dolla \$ign, Fetty Wap, and 2Chainz did the same along with Flosstradramus.
Their song, 2 MUCH was used in Forza Horizon 4\'s Horizon Bass Arena radio station
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# Coldharbour Lane
**Coldharbour Lane** is a road in south London, England, that leads south-westwards from Camberwell to Brixton. The road is over 1 mile long with a mixture of residential, business and retail buildings -- the stretch of Coldharbour Lane near Brixton Market contains shops, bars and restaurants. Between the junctions of Coldharbour Lane and Denmark Hill in Camberwell SE5 and Coldharbour Lane and Denmark Road lies part of the boundary between Lambeth and Southwark boroughs. The other end of Coldharbour Lane meets Acre Lane in central Brixton to form the A2217.
The Loughborough Junction area, surrounding the railway station, marks the approximate centre point of Coldharbour Lane and the change in postcode from SE5 to SW9.
## History
Former British Prime Minister John Major lived in a flat at 144 Coldharbour Lane when a child from 1955 to 1959.
The lane close by Brixton Market became derelict by the mid-1960s, when many drug houses flourished dealing mainly in cannabis.
In 1981 the Brixton riots occurred in roads near Coldharbour Lane and some windows were broken on the street itself. With the support of community leaders and shop owners, plans were put in place to set up a mini-police station on Coldharbour Lane in the former premises of a drug dealer.`{{update after|2017|9|27}}`{=mediawiki} Police Safer Neighbourhoods Teams worked from number 411 with another base near Loughborough Junction at number 236. Both closed in 2019.
### Origins of the name {#origins_of_the_name}
A possible derivation of the name is Cool Arbour Lane, dating from the time Camberwell was in the country. This is cited in \'The Streets\' by Anthony Quinn (2012) as the place the Camberwell beauty was first sighted.
A \"cold harbour\" was an uninhabited shelter for travellers, often along a well-known route, somewhat similar to a modern bothy. Unlike an inn, there were no staff, food or drink to be had. There would be a roof, door and possibly a simple hearth, although it was the traveller\'s responsibility to gather fuel. They were generally little more than open-faced barns or animal shelters.
J. C. Hahn, in *Notes and Queries* Series 3, 7, 253--254 (1 April 1865) and later in Series 3, 8, 71--72 (22 July 1865) wrote an article entitled \"Remarks on the Origin of \'Cold Harbour\'\". In this, the author remarks upon relatively early equivalent place names in Germany and traces back the origins of Coldharbour/Cold Harbour to the German *kalte Herberge*. There is a village in Germany and another in Austria called Kaltherberg. This etymology was accepted by the authors of the Merriam-Webster dictionary. Hahn concludes that \"our Cold Harbour was a name given to any cold abode, cold retreat, brought over to England by our Saxon ancestors---Cold Harbour = Cold Station, Cold House, Cold Lodge,\" and thus has a wider meaning than that attributed by the supporters of a basic type of lodgings.
\"Coldharbour\" also survives as the name of a village in Surrey, and Bristol has both a \"Coldharbour Road\" and a \"Cold Harbour Lane\".
Coldharbour Lane also gives its name to Coldharbour ward for elections to Lambeth Council from 2002 to 2022.
## Crime
### April 1997 shooting {#april_1997_shooting}
In April 1997, Devon Dawson, a 29-year-old Jamaican in the UK with a six-month visa, was shot dead with a sub-machine gun outside the Green Man pub on Coldharbour Lane.
### June 1997 shooting {#june_1997_shooting}
On 3 June 1997, Anthony Baker was shot in the head during a raid at the Control Tower takeaway in Coldharbour Lane, Brixton, where he worked. The shooting happened just a few hundred yards from Lambeth Town Hall where, at the same time, Chief Inspector Alan O\'Gorman was telling a packed meeting that gun crime in the area was becoming out of control.
### 2003 most dangerous street claim {#most_dangerous_street_claim}
In a 2003 article in the *London Evening Standard*, David Cohen described Coldharbour Lane as the most dangerous street in the most dangerous borough in London. The headline asked whether the street is \'the most dangerous in Britain\'.
### 2018 graffiti artists hit by train {#graffiti_artists_hit_by_train}
On 18 June 2018, three graffiti artists, aged between 19 and 23, died when they were hit by a train at Loughborough Junction station on Coldharbour Lane. A former Transport for London (TfL) board member, Brian Cooke, was criticised by social media users after he tweeted that the dead men were \"common scum who cost the railway millions and keep fares high\".
## Pubs and bars {#pubs_and_bars}
There are several pubs and bars on Coldharbour Lane: the Prince of Wales in Brixton which has been on the same site since 1800; the Prince Albert which has occasional live music and quiz nights; the Dogstar, a \"three-floor DJ bar\"; Living; Club 414, and the Plough. The Green Man, the Angel, the Enterprise and the Hero (latterly the Junction) all ceased trading between 2000 and 2007 .
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# Coldharbour Lane
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
Brixton-based band Alabama 3 named their debut album *Exile on Coldharbour Lane* after the road. Although \"Woke Up This Morning\" on this album mentions Coldharbour Lane, the mention is omitted from the \"Chosen One Mix\", used as the theme song for *The Sopranos*.
\"Coldharbour Lane\" --- with the hook \"So long / I\'ve done my time / Coldharbour Lane / Goodbye\" --- is a single from The Quireboys\'s 2001 *This Is Rock\'n\'Roll* release.
Markus Schulz named his own recording label \"Coldharbour Recordings\" in honour of the time when he lived in a flat in Coldharbour Lane.
The area features in the 2008 novel *The Room Of Lost Things* by Stella Duffy, set in a dry cleaners on Coldharbour Lane.
Oladipo Agboluaje set a play referencing the street in 2007 \"The Christ of Coldharbour Lane\", about the sudden reappearance of Jesus Christ in Brixton.
Parts of *Honeytrap*, a 2015 film directed by Rebecca Johnson and starring Jessica Sula, were filmed on the street.
## The Camberwell beauty {#the_camberwell_beauty}
The rare migrant butterfly, the Camberwell beauty (*Nymphalis antiopa*) was so named after the discovery of two specimens in Coldharbour Lane in 1748. The butterflies had probably arrived as stowaways on ships delivering timber from Scandinavia to the Surrey Docks two miles to the north
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# Yeshiva of Nitra
The **Yeshiva of Nitra** is a private Rabbinical college, or *yeshiva*, located in Brooklyn, New York; it has campuses in Chester and Mount Kisco, New York.
Its origins lie in the Yeshiva of Nitra, Slovakia, established in 1907. The Yeshiva was the last surviving yeshiva in occupied Europe during World War II.
The Rosh Yeshiva at that date was Rabbi Shmuel Dovid Ungar. His son, Rabbi Sholom Moshe Ungar, and son-in-law, Rabbi Michael Dov Weissmandl, survived the war (the latter is known for leading efforts to save the Jews of Slovakia and Hungary). They re-established the Yeshiva in the US in 1946, in Somerville, New Jersey, gathering surviving students from the original Nitra Yeshiva.
The yeshiva moved to Mount Kisco in 1949 thanks in particular to a gift of \$85,000 from Israel Rogosin; for a description of this period, see `{{slink|Michael Dov Weissmandl#Establishment of an American yeshiva}}`{=mediawiki}, as well as.
A men\'s college due to its nature as a Rabbinical college, it has a continuous calendar; that is, as opposed to an academic calendar. It grants Bachelor\'s degrees and first professional degrees only. Its president is Alexander Fischer. It is accredited by the Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools.
As of December 2023, the college was on Heightened Cash Monitoring 2 by the US Department of Education, indicating \"compliance issues.\"[1](https://studentaid
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# Registered professional liability underwriter
In the US, the **Registered Professional Liability Underwriter (RPLU)** designation from the Professional Liability Underwriting Society (PLUS) is considered to be the only professional designation exclusively for people in the professional liability industry. The self-study courses provide a broad, basic overview of the professional liability disciplines. To earn the RPLU designation, a candidate must:
Read eight PLUS Curriculum Core Modules and pass the seven corresponding exams; and Read any five PLUS Curriculum Elective Modules and pass the corresponding exams; and Meet the minimum experience requirement, which is two years in the industry.
Over 2,200 professional liability professionals have earned the RPLU designation to date.
The RPLU community, including current candidates, past designees, and other industry professionals has a [LinkedIn discussion group](http://www.linkedin.com/groups/RPLU-2079880/about) to share ideas, thoughts, and news on the professional liability marketplace. There are currently over 1,500 members of the group
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# Fannia
**Fannia** (fl. around 100 AD) was a woman of ancient Rome, notable as the granddaughter of Arria Major and daughter of Arria the Younger.
## Life
Fannia is recorded in the writings of Pliny the Younger as a woman of fortitude and respectability. As with her grandmother, Fannia is described as a political rebel in her own right. She was married to Helvidius Priscus and followed him twice into exile, once by Nero for sympathising with two outcasts (Brutus and Cassius), then by Vespasian for opposing his reign.
Eventually, Fannia herself was exiled in 93 AD for instigating the creation and publication of a biographical book about her husband under the rule of Domitian. The execution of Herennius Senecio for his own involvement gives us insight into this \"mild\" sentence of hers. During the trial of Senecio, he blamed the book on Fannia as she had asked him to write it, a statement that Fannia confirmed. She was asked if, and confirmed that, she had given Senecio her husband\'s diaries. Pliny writes that \"she did not utter a single word to reduce the danger to herself.\" When her possessions were seized, Fannia managed to save the diaries and biography of her husband and even took them with her into exile.
In 103 AD, Pliny recorded that Fannia had \"contracted this illness.\" She had been nursing a relative (Junia) from an unnamed \"serious illness\" and, since Junia was a Vestal Virgin, she had been obliged to leave Vesta\'s hearth and go into the care of a matron. Whilst taking care of her, Fannia herself fell ill, and is described by Pliny thus: \"She has constant fever and a cough that is getting worse; she is emaciated and generally in decline. Only her spirit is vigorous, worthy of her husband.\" Though Pliny the Younger was regularly prone to exaggeration, his repeated expressions of worry suggest that the illness was one from which Fannia did not recover.
## Name
Whilst examining the works and names mentioned by Pliny the Younger, Sir Ronald Syme, historian and classicist, in his paper, \"People in Pliny,\" writes, \"why she should be called \'Fannia\', \[I have\] no clue.\" Sir Ronald saw no reason as to why Arria Major\'s granddaughter would be called Fannia. This statement was made in regard to a possible connection to a Roman barrister named C. Fannius, who wrote the biographies of Nero\'s victims. In Syme\'s paper, \'People in Pliny\', it reads: C. Fannius (v, 5). Barrister who wrote biographies of Nero\'s victims. Supposed a relative of Fannia,\' the daughter of the Patavine (P. Clodius) Thrasea Paetus by his marriage with Arria, the daughter of A. Caecina Paetus (suff.37), cf. Groag in PIR2, F I I6
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# Pöggstall
**Pöggstall** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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# Public humanities
**Public humanities** is the work of engaging diverse publics in reflecting on heritage, traditions, and history, and the relevance of the humanities to the current conditions of civic and cultural life. Public humanities is usually practiced within federal, state, nonprofit and community-based cultural organizations that engage people in conversations, facilitate and present lectures, exhibitions, performances and other programs for the general public on topics such as history, philosophy, popular culture and the arts. Public Humanities also exists within universities as a collaborative enterprise between communities and faculty, staff, and students.
## Definitions
Public humanities projects include exhibitions and programming related to historic preservation, oral history, archives, material culture, public art, cultural heritage, and cultural policy. The National Endowment for the Humanities notes that public humanities projects it has supported in the past include \"interpretation at historic sites, television and radio productions, museum exhibitions, podcasts, short videos, digital games, websites, mobile apps, and other digital media.\" Many practitioners of public humanities are invested in ensuring the accessibility and relevance of the humanities to the general public or community groups.
The American Council of Learned Societies\' National Task Force on Scholarship and the Public Humanities suggests that the nature of public humanities work is to teach the public the findings of academic scholarship: it sees \"scholarship and the public humanities not as two distinct spheres but as parts of a single process, the process of taking private insight, testing it, and turning it into public knowledge.\" Others, such as former museum director Nina Simon and Harvard professor Doris Sommer, suggest a more balanced understanding of the ways in which history, heritage, and culture are shared between the academy and the public. These approaches draw on the notion of shared historical authority.
Subfields of the public humanities include public history, public sociology, public folklore, public anthropology, public philosophy, historic preservation, museum studies, museum education, cultural heritage management, community archaeology, public art, collection management and public science.
## History
## Case Studies {#case_studies}
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# Public humanities
## Programs
Several universities have established programs in the public humanities (or have otherwise expressed commitments to public humanities via the creation of centers, degrees, or certificate programs with investments in various forms of \"public\" work). Programs include:
- Georgetown University offers a stand-alone MA in the Engaged & Public Humanities as well as a Graduate Certificate program.
- Brown University\'s John Nicholas Brown Center for Public Humanities and Cultural Heritage (JNBC) supported public humanities programs and offered a stand-alone MA in Public Humanities, a Certificate in Public Humanities for PhD students, and a transitional MA in Public Humanities for PhD students in American Studies. In December 2023, the JNBC announced that the center would be renamed the John Nicholas Brown Center for Advanced Studies and the MA program in Public Humanities was put on hold. In the wake of this announcement, Brown\'s Ruth J. Simmons Center for the Study of Slavery and Justice began offering an MA in Integrative Studies \"with a focus in public humanities.\" The new program started in Fall 2024.
- [Carolina Public Humanities](http://humanities.unc.edu) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill offers extensive public outreach programs, a dedicated K12 teacher training subsidiary (Carolina K12), and a state-outreach program in partnership with the state\'s community colleges.
- Indiana University--Purdue University Indianapolis is home to the Indianapolis Arts and Humanities Institute, which organizes public events and offers grant funding, artist residencies, and workshops, along with producing original research. It is a founding institution for the Anthropocenes Network and the COVID-19 Oral History Project.
- The Institute for Women Surfers is a grassroots educational initiative in the Public Humanities that brings together women surfers, activists, artists, business owners, scientists and educators, to create spaces of peer teaching, learning, and mutual aid.
- Michigan State University was hosting a Public Humanities Collaborative as of 2007.
- New York University offers a Certificate in Public Humanities through their Public Humanities Initiative in Graduate Education.
- Oakland University in 2019 chartered a Center for Public Humanities.
- Portland State University, whose Portland Center for Public Humanities provides a yearlong forum of talks, roundtables, and workshops.
- Rutgers University--Newark, whose Public Humanities track in the American Studies MA program.
- University of Arizona established the Department of Public & Applied Humanities in 2017. As of 2024, their BA has eleven tracks: Business Administration; Consumer, Market & Retail Studies; Engineering Approaches; Environmental Systems; Fashion Studies; Game Studies; Medicine; Plant Studies; Public Health; Rural Leadership & Renewal; and Spatial Organization & Design Thinking.
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County has a Minor in Public Humanities. The Department of American Studies (AMST) hosts and supervises the minor in AMST's Orser Center for the Study of Place, Community, and Culture, in collaboration with the Dresher Center for the Humanities.
- University of Michigan - Ann Arbor offers the Rackham Program in Public Scholarship.
- University of Sheffield, which offers an MA in Public Humanities with pathways in digital humanities, public engagement and cultural heritage.
- University of Western Ontario has a program called The Public Humanities at Western.
- University of Wisconsin--Madison has a public scholarship program, Public Humanities Exchange that supports collaborative work between humanities grad students and the community.
- The Walter Chapin Simpson Center for the Humanities at the University of Washington offers a Certificate in Public Scholarship.
- Wheaton College (IL) offers a undergraduate fellowship in Public Humanities and Arts, as a part of their Aequitas Fellowship program
```{=html}
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- Yale University, whose MA program in Public Humanities is part of the American Studies Program at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
## Publications
Public Humanities work can take the form of written communication in news magazines as well as in academic journals and books.
In 2024, Cambridge University Press launched an open-access international journal for the Public humanities which aims \"to create a venue for sharing knowledge about the intersections of humanities scholarship and public life\"
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# Lapal
**Lapal** is a residential area of Halesowen, in the Dudley district, in the county of the West Midlands of England (part of Worcestershire until 1974). It is situated in the east of the town on the border with Birmingham. The Lapal area sits to the East of the Lapal Canal, to the North of Lapal Lane South up to what is now the M5 motorway, to the South West of Carters Lane and Kent Road, and to the South East of Mucklow Hill. Most of the houses were built between 1930 and 1980. In the late 1970s the large Abbeyfields estate was built alongside the currently disused portion of the Dudley Canal, adding to its already extensive owner-occupier housing stock.
It is the most affluent suburb of Halesowen, commanding the largest average house prices of all the suburbs in the town.
The area is served by Lapal Primary School and Leasowes High School, the Royal Oak public house and a small cluster of shops opposite, including a newsagent/post office, bakery, fish and chip shop, Chinese take-away, pharmacy and general grocery store. Also to be found in the area the ruins of the 13th century Halesowen Abbey, located in a field off the Manor Way by-pass.
The area has local bus connections with Halesowen town centre, Stourbridge, Brierley Hill, Cradley Heath, Merry Hill, Birmingham and Oldbury. It is situated near to Junction 3 of the M5 motorway.
The disused Lapal Canal Tunnel is nearby.
## History
Lapal was formerly a township in the parish of Halesowen, in 1866 Lapal became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 1974 the parish was abolished. In 1951 the parish had a population of 2730
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# Heinrich Müller (footballer, born 1909)
**Heinrich \"Wudi\" Müller** (13 May 1909 -- 5 April 2000) was an Austrian football player and coach. In the early 1930s he was an albeit minor part of Austria\'s all conquering Wunderteam. As coach he defined the post-World War II glory period of Austria Wien.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
### Club career {#club_career}
The trained shoemaker played from 1921 to 1935 for Wiener AC in Vienna, Austria. With this club he won the 1931 Cup of Austria and made it all the way to the final of the Mitropa Cup, both matches of which were lost against local rivals First Vienna FC.
In 1935 the offensive midfielder moved to MTK Hungaria in Budapest where he won, alongside players like Gusztáv Sebes and Ferenc Sas the Hungarian championships of 1936 and 1937. In June 1940 Müller returned to Vienna and joined Austria Wien, initially as a player.
### International career {#international_career}
In the early 1930\'s he was called five times to play for the Austria national football team, for which he scored four goals.
This includes two nominations for the famed Wunderteam, where he played under the management team Hugo Meisl and Jimmy Hogan alongside Matthias Sindelar. In these matches, Austria defeated Italy 2--1 in March 1932 and Hungary 3--2 in October 1932
## Managerial career {#managerial_career}
As coach his name is primarily associated with FK Austria. Over three terms, which span the 1940s, 50s, 60s and 70s, he altogether was in charge there for about 12 years. To date he remains the longest serving coach of *Austria*.
Most successful was his first period which reached from 1945 to 1954. Besides the three championships in the years 1949, 1950 and 1953 he also led the club to success in the Austrian Cup finals of 1948 and 1949. In the first three years at the helm of Austria he also played for league matches for the club.
In 1951, *Austria* undertook a nowadays legendary trip to South America. There the team around players like Ernst Ocwirk, Ernst Stojaspal and Lukas \"Harry\" Aurednik defeated in the huge Maracanã Stadium of Rio de Janeiro the Club Nacional from Montevideo, Uruguay, which had six World Cup winners from the tournament in the previous year in their line-up, with 4-0
Beginning with April 1953 Austrian players aged 30 and beyond became exempt from the ban to play abroad. Especially after the World Cup of 1954, this led to a hefty blood-letting for Austrian football. The club *Austria* itself lost several of its aces, most of the moving to France, thus the remarkable *Austria* of that era becoming part of the past.
Also \"Wudi\" Müller chose to leave. Thus, in 1956 he could be found leading the Netherlands national football team to a 3--2 win in Switzerland.
In the later 1950s and early 1960s he could be found at the helm of the Netherlands first division side Willem II in Tilburg.
In December 1964, after a stint with AEK in Athens, he returned to *Austria* trying to fill the gap left behind when Edi Frühwirt left the club. With Robert Sara, who should remain with the club for 21 years, Thomas Parits, and Hans \"Buffy\" Ettmayer the club had a number of promising talents in their roster.
Nevertheless, the club ended up seventh in the league and Ernst Ocwirk was placed as \"sporting director\" alongside Müller and replaced him fully by the end of the year.
In the 1971--72 season \"Wudi\" Müller made another comeback on the coaching bench of *Austria*, but this remained a venture as hapless as his previous one
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# TSX-32
**TSX-32** is a discontinued general purpose 32-bit multi-user multitasking operating system for the x86 architecture platform, with a command line user interface. It is compatible with some 16-bit DOS applications and supports the FAT16 and FAT32 file systems. It was developed by S&H Computer Systems, and has been available since 1989.
DEC-oriented columnist Kevin G. Barkes noted that TSX-32 is \"not a port of the PDP-11 TSX-Plus\" and that it runs well on 386, 486 and Pentium-based systems. He reported a limitation: since it supports the MS-DOS FAT file system, filenames are 8.3.
## TSX-Plus {#tsx_plus}
An earlier non-DEC operating system, also from S&H, was named TSX-Plus. Released in 1980, TSX-Plus was the successor to TSX, released in 1976.
The strength of TSX-Plus is to simultaneously provide to multiple users the services of DEC\'s single-user RT-11. Depending on which PDP-11 model and the amount of memory, the system could support a minimum of 12 users (14-18 users on a 2 MB 11/73, depending on workload). A productivity feature called \"*virtual lines*\" \"allows a single user to control several tasks from a single terminal.\"
## History
S&H wrote the original TSX because \"Spending \$25K on a computer that could only support one user bugged\" (founder Harry Sanders); the outcome was the initial four-user TSX in 1976.
For TSX-32, they said in an interview, \"We started with a clean sheet of paper\" rather than starting with a \"*port.*\"
### VAX
The company\'s product line was ported/expanded for the VAX line
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# P. R. Mallory and Co Inc
**P. R. Mallory and Co Inc** was a US producer of dry cell batteries (Mercury; alkaline Duracell), electronic components including electrolytic capacitors, and audible warning devices (\"Sonalert\"). It also was the parent firm of **Mallory Batteries Ltd.**, an Irish producer of Ever Ready batteries. British Ever Ready had a large stake in it by World War II and had a close relationship with Mallory by the late 1960s (in the US, \"Eveready\" batteries were a trademark of Union Carbide, which had no relationship with P. R. Mallory).
Scientists George Wallis and Daniel I. Pomerantz at P. R. Mallory and Co discovered anodic bonding of glass to silicon. Their work was published in 1969 in the Journal of Applied Physics and is protected under U.S. Patent No 3,397,278.
## History
The company was founded in 1916 by Philip Rogers Mallory, and initially manufactured tungsten wire for lamp filaments. The P.R. Mallory Company also manufactured resistance welding electrodes. In 1924 the company moved its headquarters to 3029 East Washington Street in Indianapolis, Indiana, and had several divisions besides Duracell batteries including Mallory Capacitor Company with manufacturing plants in Greencastle, Indiana; Huntsville, Alabama; Waynesboro, Tennessee; and Glasgow, Kentucky. Mallory Controls had a manufacturing plant in Frankfort, Indiana, and Mallory Distributor Products had a plant in Indianapolis.
In 1942, inventor Samuel Ruben, with Mallory, developed a practical balanced form of mercury battery that was used for portable electronic equipment during World War II.
In the 1950s the company had developed a powerful alkaline AAA cell for use in a Kodak camera flash, but the Kodak company required Mallory to license the design to competitors to ensure availability in the consumer market. In 1957, the company sold stock. In 1960, founder P.R. Mallory gave control of the company to his son G. Barron Mallory, who was chairman from 1960 to 1968 and active on the board for many years afterward. The company began manufacturing batteries at plants in Kentucky and Tennessee in 1960 and 1961. The company registered its \"Duracell\" trademark in 1964 and began rebranding under the new name with the intent of marketing directly to consumers instead of industrial and military customers.
In 1978, the company was purchased by Dart Industries and renamed Duracell after its alkaline battery brand. In 1985, the European metal alloys parts of the former P.R. Mallory company were collected under the names \"Mallory Corporation\" and \"Mallory Alloys Group\"
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# David de Moravia
**David de Moravia** (died 1326) was Bishop of Moray during most of the First War of Scottish Independence. He was elected Bishop of Moray, probably in early 1299. Extended details exist regarding the election because of an extant letter of Pope Boniface VIII. The result of the election was that David had 13 votes, the Dean had 4 votes, the Chancellor had 3 votes and the Archdeacon 1 vote. The Dean declared that David was elected, and sent a request for confirmation to the Papacy. The latter found an irregularity, though what exactly this was not revealed. The election result was nominally declared void, but the Pope himself provided David directly to the bishopric. He was consecrated as bishop at Anagni in Italy on 28 June 1299, by Matthew of Aquasparta, Cardinal-Bishop of Porto.
In 1306, King Edward I of England charged Bishop David with complicity in the murder of John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch.
The bishop attended the coronation of Robert I of Scotland as King of Scots at Scone Abbey on 25 March 1306. In Moray, the bishop exhorted his flock that they were no less worthy fighting the English invaders than if they \"should fight in the Holy Lands against pagans and Saracens.\" The bishop was excommunicated and fled to the Earldom of Orkney. King Edward sent a request to King Haakon V of Norway for Bishop David to be arrested. Bishop David evaded capture and returned to Scotland at the same time as King Robert the following year. In March 1309, the bishop took part in the Scottish parliament confirming the right of King Robert to the throne of Scotland.
On 17 June 1320, the bishop was again excommunicated, along with King Robert and other Scottish nobles and clergy, by Pope John XXII, as an enemy of King Edward II of England. On the orders of the Pope, the Bishop of Dunblane and the Bishop of Winchester delivered a sentence of excommunication on David and other bishops on 23 May 1322. The excommunication was later withdrawn.
Bishop David is also notable, in addition to being a Scottish patriot, as the founder of the Scots College in Paris in 1325, by donating the land on which it was built. The foundation was confirmed by Charles IV of France in August 1326. Bishop David, however, had died on 6 January 1326, before the college was formally instituted. He was buried in the choir of Elgin Cathedral
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# Bye Bye. (Nanase Aikawa song)
**\"Bye Bye.\"** (バイバイ。) is a song by Nanase Aikawa from the debut album *Red* (1996). The track was composed by Tetsurō Oda and released as a single on 7 February 1996. It peaked at number 19 on the Oricon Singles Chart.
The song was released on the greatest hits compilation *I.D.* and *Rock or Die*.
## Track listings {#track_listings}
1. \"Bye Bye. (バイバイ。)\"
2. \"Jounetsu ni Shisu (情熱に死す)\"
3. \"Bye Bye. (Original Karaoke) (バイバイ。)\"
## Jennifer Ellison version {#jennifer_ellison_version}
Jennifer Ellison covered the title track \"**Bye Bye Boy**\" in English and released it as a single in 2004. It is her second, and so far, final single. It reached number 13 on the UK charts.
The music video for \"**Bye Bye Boy**\" features Ellison and an all-girl rock band. In the video Ellison dances en pointe, as she was a trained ballet dancer who won multiple championships.
In 2006, The song got minimal attention in the United States when music download programs such as Lime Wire and Bear Share would have this song on there, mislogged as Paris Hilton as the performer, fans thinking it is a track on the hotel heiress\' debut album
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# Raxendorf
**Raxendorf** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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# Phillip Shriver
**Phillip Raymond Shriver** (August 16, 1922 -- April 23, 2011) was an American historian and college administrator who was president of Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, from 1965 to 1981.
## Biography
Phillip R. Shriver was born in Cleveland, Ohio. After graduation in 1940 from John Adams High School, where he was president and valedictorian of his class, he received a four-year Cleveland Alumni Scholarship to Yale University. At Yale, he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, served as regimental commander of the Naval V-12 unit, and graduated in 1943 with honors in history. During World War II, he served as a lieutenant (j.g.) in the U.S. Navy aboard the Pacific Fleet destroyer USS Murray and participated in the Iwo Jima and Okinawa campaigns. After the war, he completed his master\'s degree in history at Harvard in 1946 and his doctorate in American history at Columbia University in 1954.
## Career
From 1947 to 1965, he was a member of the history faculty at Kent State University where he was initiated into Delta Upsilon fraternity as an advisor to the Kent State chapter. He wrote *Years of Youth* in 1960, a history of Kent State University. He also served as Kent State\'s Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences from 1963 to 1965.
He left Kent State in 1965 to become the 17th president of Miami University. For 16 years, he oversaw enormous growth at Miami and was tremendously popular with students, who nicknamed him \"Uncle Phil.\" While he was president, Miami opened new campuses in Middletown, Ohio; Hamilton, Ohio; and Luxembourg; 10 doctoral programs were initiated on the Oxford campus; and 42 new buildings were constructed on the Miami campuses. During and after his presidency, he taught popular classes to standing room only crowds on the history of Miami University and the history of Ohio, using *The Miami Years*, a history book by longtime Miami English Professor Walter Havighurst as the text. His Miami history lectures became the basis of his 1998 book *Miami University: A Personal History.* Phil considered the 52 years he spent teaching in the classroom and the relationships he had with faculty, staff, and thousands of students to be his most important professional accomplishments and his greatest joy. He continued to captivate audiences with his guest lectures up until his final days.
Besides authoring or co-authoring seven books and more than 200 articles, he is also remembered for his service as Chairman of the Council of Presidents of the National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges, Chairman of the Board of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cincinnati, President of the Ohio Historical Society and the Ohio Academy of History, a member of the Lakeside, Ohio Board of Directors, an active member of the Oxford Rotary Club and the Oxford Presbyterian Church, and his lifelong association with Delta Upsilon fraternity.
He received the 1991 Distinguished Service Award from the Ohio Academy of History, the Ohio Humanities Council\'s 2001 Bjornson Award for Distinguished Service in the Humanities, and the 2004 Cincinnati Society of Association Executives Statesman Award. In 2009 he was inducted into the Ohio Veterans Hall of Fame. He received honorary degrees from 10 universities as well as honors from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Federal University of Parana in Brazil.
Miami University\'s former student union, now a multi-use building, is named the Phillip R. Shriver Center in his honor.
## Family
On April 15, 1944, Phil married Martha Damaris Nye of Bellevue, Ohio, whom he had first met while she was a student at Wellesley College. They became the parents of five children: Carolyn (Bill) Shaul, Susan, Melinda (David) Williams, Darcy, and Raymond Scott II (Vicki); eight grandchildren (Trevor and Ryan Helwig, Lindsay and Andrew LaVine, Katherine and Ryan Williams, and Cameron and Kyle Shriver); and four great-grandchildren (Taylor, Avery, Marin, and Anna Helwig). He is the son of Raymond Scott Shriver and C. Ruth Smith Shriver. His older sister, Barbara Ruth Shriver Taylor, lives in Tampa, Florida
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# Anti-torpedo bulge
The **anti-torpedo bulge** (also known as an **anti-torpedo blister**) is a form of defence against naval torpedoes occasionally employed in warship construction in the period between the First and Second World Wars. It involved fitting (or retrofitting) partially water-filled compartmentalized sponsons on either side of a ship\'s hull, intended to detonate torpedoes, absorb their explosions, and contain flooding to damaged areas within the bulges.
## Application
Essentially, the bulge is a compartmentalized, below the waterline sponson isolated from the ship\'s internal volume. It is part air-filled, and part free-flooding. In theory, a torpedo strike will rupture and flood the bulge\'s outer air-filled component while the inner water-filled part dissipates the shock and absorbs explosive fragments, leaving the ship\'s main hull structurally intact. Transverse bulkheads within the bulge limit flooding to the damaged area of the structure.
The bulge was developed by the British Director of Naval Construction, Eustace Tennyson-d\'Eyncourt, who had four old *Edgar*-class protected cruisers so fitted in 1914. These ships were used for shore bombardment duties, and so were exposed to inshore submarine and torpedo boat attack. *Grafton* was torpedoed in 1917, and apart from a few minor splinter holes, the damage was confined to the bulge and the ship safely made port. *Edgar* was hit in 1918; this time damage to the elderly hull was confined to dented plating.
The Royal Navy had all new construction fitted with bulges from 1914, beginning with the *Revenge*-class battleships and *Renown*-class battlecruisers. It also had its large monitors fitted with enormous bulges. This was fortunate for *Terror*, which survived three torpedoes striking the hull forward, and for her sister *Erebus*, which survived a direct hit from a remotely-controlled explosive motor boat that ripped off 50 ft of her bulge. On the other hand, the bulges to `{{HMS|Glatton|1914|2}}`{=mediawiki} nearly led to a disaster in Dover Harbour on 11 September 1918. *Glatton* caught fire in her 6 inch cordite magazine and had the potential to explode in proximity to a loaded ammunition ship. The admiral on hand ordered the monitor scuttled to prevent a catastrophic explosion. The first attempt to do so with 18 inch torpedoes failed due to the protective effect of the bulges. Half an hour later, a larger, more powerful 21 inch torpedo was able to sink *Glatton* by striking the hole caused by the initial, ineffective hit.
Older ships also had bulges incorporated during refit, such as the U.S. Navy\'s `{{Sclass|Pennsylvania|battleship|4}}`{=mediawiki}, laid down during World War I and retrofitted 1929--31. Japan\'s *Yamashiro* had them added in 1930.
Later designs of bulges incorporated various combinations of air and water filled compartments and packing of wood and sealed tubes. As bulges increased a ship\'s beam, they caused a reduction in speed, which is a function of the length-to-beam ratio. Therefore, various combinations of narrow and internal bulges appeared throughout the 1920s and into the 1930s. The external bulge had disappeared from construction in the 1930s, being replaced by internal arrangements of compartments with a similar function. An additional reason for the bulges\' obsolescence was advances in torpedo design. In particular, deployment of magnetic pistol and magnetic proximity fuze in the early 1940s allowed torpedoes to run beneath a target\'s hull and explode there, beyond the bulges, rather than needing to strike the side of the ship directly. However, older ships were still being fitted with new external bulges through World War II, particularly US ships. In some cases this was to restore buoyancy to compensate for wartime weight additions, as well as for torpedo protection
| 588 |
Anti-torpedo bulge
| 0 |
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# Ruprechtshofen
**Ruprechtshofen** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 18 |
Ruprechtshofen
| 0 |
11,024,084 |
# Stephen Blundell
**Stephen John Blundell** (born 1967) is a professor of physics at the University of Oxford. He was previously head of Condensed Matter Physics at Oxford, and is also a professorial fellow of Mansfield College, Oxford. His research is concerned with using muon-spin rotation and magnetoresistance techniques to study a range of organic and inorganic materials, particularly those showing interesting magnetic, superconducting, or dynamical properties.
## Education
Blundell completed both his undergraduate and graduate studies at the University of Cambridge, attending Peterhouse, Cambridge for his undergraduate degree in physics and theoretical physics and doing his PhD at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge.
## Career and research {#career_and_research}
He was subsequently offered a Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) research fellowship which involved a move to the Clarendon Laboratory at Oxford; he was later awarded a junior research fellowship at Merton College, Oxford, where he began research in organic magnets and superconductors using muon-spin rotation. In 1997 he was appointed to a university lectureship in the Oxford Physics Department and a tutorial fellowship at Mansfield College, Oxford, and was subsequently promoted to Reader.`{{when|date=February 2018}}`{=mediawiki} In 2004 he was awarded the title of Professor of Physics.
Blundell has authored textbooks, the first being *Magnetism in Condensed Matter*, which covers the quantum mechanical nature of magnetism. He has co-authored, with his wife and colleague, astrophysicist Katherine Blundell of St John\'s College, Oxford, a textbook entitled *Concepts in Thermal Physics*. It provides an introduction to the topics of thermal physics and statistical mechanics covered in a typical undergraduate course in physics. Additionally, he has authored the *Superconductivity: A Very Short Introduction*, part of the Very Short Introductions series published by Oxford University Press. He has co-authored pedagogical books on both quantum field theory and general relativity with Tom Lancaster.
He has authored or co-authored over 300 articles ranging right across the world of solid-state physics.
### Awards and honours {#awards_and_honours}
Blundell was a joint winner of the Daiwa Adrian Prize in 1999 for his work on organic magnets. He was awarded the 2024 Lawrence Bragg Medal and Prize \"for contributions to physics scholarship and education through the publication of widely used and influential physics textbooks\".
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Blundell lives in Oxford with his wife, Professor Katherine Blundell. In 2001, he was quoted in *Science* as saying, \"Ultimately your marriage is more important than your career
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| 0 |
11,024,090 |
# United Talmudical Seminary
The **United Talmudical Seminary** or **Yeshiva Torah ViYirah DeRabbeinu Yoel MeSatmar** is a private Rabbinical college, or *yeshiva*, for Satmar students, with locations in Brooklyn and Queens, New York. In the 2004--2005 academic year, it had 1,125 students in all degree fields; in 2006--2007, 869 of its students were undergraduates. Due to its nature as a Rabbinical college, all students are male.
The seminary emphasizes the study of the Talmud and Halakha in order to prepare students for their religious vocations. Bachelor\'s, first professional, and Master\'s degrees are offered. It is accredited by the Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
| 105 |
United Talmudical Seminary
| 0 |
11,024,091 |
# The One in Barbados
\"**The One in Barbados**\" is a double length episode of *Friends* and the final episode of the ninth season. It first aired on the NBC network in the United States on May 15, 2003.
The first part marks the final appearance of David (Hank Azaria).
## Plot
### Part I {#part_i}
Ross is selected to deliver a keynote speech at a paleontology convention in Barbados, and invites the gang to accompany him. Upon arrival, Monica\'s hair becomes frizzy due to the humidity, which annoys Chandler, Joey feels out of place with the attending paleontologists and the tourists who are fans of Ross, and a heavy downpour of rain prevents the group from going outside to the beach.
Phoebe cannot stop thinking about her ex Mike, while going out with David. When Chandler inadvertently persuades David to propose to Phoebe, Monica warns Phoebe, who plans to accept the proposal, leading to Monica calling Mike to try to convince him to win Phoebe back since his refusal to marry again destroyed their relationship. During dinner, as David begins to propose to Phoebe, Mike shows up and proposes first, having realized that he does not want to lose her ever again. She rejects both proposals but ends up choosing Mike over David, explaining that she did not need a proposal from him; just the reassurance that they have a future together. A defeated David decides to leave, and Phoebe apologizes for rejecting him, saying it would have been wrong for her to accept his proposal.
Whilst sampling Ross\'s presentation on his laptop, Chandler accidentally opens an email containing a virus, which erases the files for the presentation which takes place the next day. Charlie volunteers to help a panicked Ross recreate his speech, delaying her dinner plans with Joey, who then takes Rachel to crash a nearby pharmaceutical convention for fun. After quickly recreating the speech, Ross and Charlie celebrate by indulging in the hotel room snacks and find they have a lot in common, from intellectual pursuits to relationship problems. Meanwhile, Joey and Rachel have fun at the convention and get closer, and Rachel tries to confess her feelings to Joey but is interrupted by Ross and Charlie leaving the hotel room. Joey and Charlie then leave for dinner together, much to Ross and Rachel\'s chagrin.
| 389 |
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| 0 |
11,024,091 |
# The One in Barbados
## Plot
### Part II {#part_ii}
The next morning, the rain subsides on the beach leading to a sunny morning; however the rest of the group are forced to attend Ross\' keynote speech, much to their consternation. Charlie sees Joey and Rachel smirking at the word \"homoerectus\", and another fresh downpour outside prevents the group from going to the beach following the presentation.
Bored at the weather and the convention, Monica and Mike decide to take an unwilling Chandler and Phoebe to the game room, where both Monica and Mike show their competitive nature during a game of ping-pong, which displeasures Chandler and turns Phoebe on. They trash talk each other and tie at 41-41 when Monica injures her hand. Chandler agrees to play for her, but she complains saying that he is very bad at playing ping-pong, but Chandler surprises her by showing his secretly adept skills and beats Mike in the sudden death round. He then explains to Monica that he kept his skills secret fearing that she would enter him into doubles\' tournaments with her.
Upon seeing that they had fun with other people but not with each other the previous day, Joey and Charlie realize that they have nothing in common and decide to break up. Joey goes to Rachel\'s room to inform her, and complains how he keeps going after the wrong girl. Rachel tries to hint at her feelings for him but loses her nerve before he decides to look for another room; outside he realizes that Rachel has feelings for him and returns to confront her. She explains that she is not trying to start anything complicated but they have such a good time when they are together. Despite finally getting a chance to be with her, Joey refuses, out of respect for Ross and knowing it would not be right to betray him by being with her.
Charlie meets Ross as he is talking to his fans and informs him that she broke up with Joey. As she begins to explain additional reasons for the break-up, she and Ross are ambushed by the other paleontologists who plan to throw them in the pool, leading to a lengthy chase around the hotel. After finding a quiet place to hide, Charlie admits to Ross that she also broke up with Joey as she discovered she has feelings for \"someone else\": Ross. They kiss, although Ross briefly hesitates before pulling back in. Joey, after seeing this, goes to Rachel\'s room and kisses her.
## Reception
In the original broadcast, the episode was viewed by 25.46 million viewers. Sam Ashurst from Digital Spy ranked the first part No. 71 and the second part No. 79 on their ranking of the 236 *Friends* episodes. *Telegraph & Argus* had the same rankings on their ranking of all 236 *Friends* episodes.
The episode sparked controversy due to the way it portrayed Monica\'s curly hair in a prejudiced manner. Many people criticized the episode\'s approach, deeming it insensitive and perpetuating negative stereotypes about curly hair
| 510 |
The One in Barbados
| 1 |
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# Garfield (video game)
***Garfield*** is a 2004 video game based on the comic strip of the same name, developed by The Code Monkeys and published by Hip Games. It was released for PlayStation 2 and Windows in November 2004 in Europe, and on May 17, 2005, in North America for Windows only. It was the first 3D *Garfield* video game.
## Gameplay
The player (playing as Garfield) must clean the house and put everything in the right place before Jon gets home or he will put Garfield on a diet as punishment. Garfield uses the vacuum cleaner to suck out-of-place objects into the vacuum or fix paintings or pictures, and put out of place objects back in the right place by blowing them out. The game has a time limit of 8 and a half hours; if the player has not cleaned the house in time, a cutscene plays, showing Jon finding his house in ruins and the game going back to the main menu.
There are 15 rooms in the game . The player must clean these rooms to collect keys to open locked rooms, with color coded keys corresponding to their respective door. Various objects in the rooms, such as wall ornaments and basketballs, can be interacted with using the vacuum cleaner.
The player can only hold three items, and must go to storage boxes to store items they do not need at the moment. Player can also save the game at these storage boxes. There are also various mini games that the player can play, including a block matching game similar to *Columns*, a jigsaw puzzle that uses pieces found in the house, and a race with Nermal.
There are different keys to obtain after cleaning each room: cleaning the Den grants access to Jon\'s bedroom, while cleaning the Utility Room grants access to the Small Bedroom.
## Reception
The *Garfield* game received poor ratings, Superpanda of Jeuxvideo.com gave it a 5 out of 10, and Aymeric of jeuxvideopc.com (a PC section of Jeuxvideo.com) heavily criticized the game with a 0 out of 10 score. *PS2 UK Magazine* gave it a 2/10. *7Wolf Magazine* rated the game 4.8 out of 10. Major points of criticism include boring gameplay, Odie constantly attacking the player, poor graphics, bad game engine physics, and sluggish controls
| 386 |
Garfield (video game)
| 0 |
11,024,139 |
# Schollach
**Schollach** is a town in the Wachau valley in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It contains the Schallaburg Castle
| 27 |
Schollach
| 0 |
11,024,155 |
# Charles McLelland
**Charles McLelland** (19 November 1930 -- 2 December 2004) was the controller of BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 2 from 1976 to 1978, and the controller solely of BBC Radio 2 from 1978 to 1980, when the two stations\' management teams were separated.
McLelland served in the Royal Artillery for two years as his national service commitment, before joining *The Glasgow Herald* in 1954 working as a sub-editor and leader writer.
McLelland was the head of the BBC Arabic service from 1971 to 1975 and played an important role in feeding the growing interest in Asian music and culture in Britain. To prepare for the job he took a one-year course in Arabic at the Middle East Centre for Arab Studies in Lebanon.
While McLelland was the controller of Radio 2, the station started broadcasting 24 hours a day. He also played a pivotal role in radio planning as chairman of the European Broadcasting Union radio programme committee.
He left the BBC in 1986 to become director-general of the Association of British Travel Agents in 1987.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
McLelland married his wife Phillipa (nee Murphy), and they had three daughters and a son. McLelland lived in his later years in the village of Tisbury, Wiltshire. He died on December 2, 2004, aged 74
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Charles McLelland
| 0 |
11,024,181 |
# Alain Lestié
**Alain Lestié** is a French painter and writer, born in Hossegor in 1944, who lives and works in Cannes and in Paris.
Since the end of the 1960s, Alain Lestié\'s work has been a reflection on the critical dimension of painting.
## Recent exhibitions {#recent_exhibitions}
2022
- \"Scattered Moments\" Topic Gallery, Saint-Raphaël until May 12
- \"Detached Stances\" Depardieu Gallery, Nice
2021
- \"from time to time\" GaG Gallery, Bordeaux
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- \"3 times the measure\" (B
| 83 |
Alain Lestié
| 0 |
11,024,189 |
# Athoracophoridae
**Athoracophoridae**, common name the **leaf-veined slugs**, are a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the order Stylommatophora, the stalk-eyed snails and slugs. Many of the species have an attractive pattern on their dorsal surface which resembles the veins in a leaf, hence the common name.
Athoracophoridae is the only family in the superfamily **Athoracophoroidea**.
Leaf-veined slugs live on the various land masses and islands in the south-west Pacific area. In te reo Māori, leaf-veined slugs are known as **putoko ropiropi.**
The scientific name Athoracophoridae is derived from prefix \"a-\", that means \"without\" and from a Greek word \"*θωραχοφὁρος*\" (`{{transliteration|el|thorachoforos}}`{=mediawiki}), that means \"breastplate\". This is a reference to the fact that the mantle in these slugs is small and not well delineated; it does not have the obvious, saddle-shaped or breast-plate-shaped appearance that it does in most other land slug groups.
## Anatomy
In the family Athoracophoridae (in subfamily Aneitinae and in subfamily Athoracophorinae), the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 36 and 45 (according to the values in this table). While they belong to the pulmonate snails, they lack a true lung. The vascularized mantle cavity is reduced, and a series of blind tubules radiate from it, being surrounded blood vessels. This allows for a more compact lung structure in these generally flat animals.
## Distribution
Species in this family are found in eastern Australia, New Zealand including its sub-Antarctic islands, Bismarck Archipelago, the Admiralty Islands, the New Hebrides, New Caledonia, as well as on the Melanesian islands north to New Caledonia and New Britain, Papua New Guinea.
## Taxonomy
The following two subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), that follows classification after Grimpe & Hoffmann (1925):
- Athoracophorinae P. Fischer, 1883 (1860) - synonym: Janellidae Gray, 1853 (inv.) - a subantarctic subfamily
- Aneitinae Gray, 1860 - a northern subfamily
The name Athoracophoridae has precedence over the name Aneitidae, because Athoracophoridae is in prevailing usage
| 328 |
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| 0 |
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# Schönbühel-Aggsbach
**Schönbühel-Aggsbach** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 18 |
Schönbühel-Aggsbach
| 0 |
11,024,216 |
# Mathematics in Education and Industry
**MEI** (**Mathematics in Education and Industry**) is an independent educational charity and curriculum development body for mathematics education in the United Kingdom. Income generated through its work is used to support the teaching and learning of mathematics.
## History
MEI was founded in 1963 with a grant from the Schools & Industry Committee of the Mathematical Association. In 1965 it produced its first exam, Additional Mathematics, then produced an A level course two years later. MEI\'s A-level exams were the first to include probability.
It was incorporated as a company on 18 October 1996.
## Structure
Although independent, MEI works in partnership with many organisations, including the UK Government. MEI is a registered charity with a board of directors and a small professional staff.
## Qualifications
- GCE AS/A level Mathematics, Further Mathematics and Further Mathematics (Additional) (Published by OCR)
- AS Level Statistics
- GCSE Mathematics
- Foundations of Advanced Mathematics (FAM) -- a freestanding course
- Introduction to Quantitative Methods (in association with OCR)
- OCR MEI Level 3 Core Maths Qualifications (Level 3 Certificate in Quantitative Reasoning and Level 3 Certificate in Quantitative Problem Solving)
## Competitions
MEI organises an annual online competition called Ritangle for teams of students of A level Mathematics, the International Baccalaureate and Scottish Highers. Questions are posted on the Integral website, with correct answers releasing a clue for the final question
| 235 |
Mathematics in Education and Industry
| 0 |
11,024,236 |
# AOS/VS II
**AOS/VS II** is a discontinued operating system for the Data General 32-bit MV/Eclipse computers.
## Overview
The AOS/VS II operating system was released in 1988 and was originally to be simply rev 8.00 of the AOS/VS operating system. However, it introduced a new file system which was not compatible with the original AOS and AOS/VS file system and also contained new features like Access control list (ACL) groups. Since some customers did not want to upgrade to the new file system, or invest in new hardware, Data General agreed to continue bug-fix support of an "immortal" revision of AOS/VS, which became known colloquially as AOS/VS "Classic", while new development would proceed as AOS/VS II, with revision numbers rolled back to 1.00.
Both VS-Classic (rev 7.7x) and VS-II (rev. 3.2x) were updated to survive the Year 2000 problem, although by this time both were obsolescent.
Among the other new features that were part of AOS/VS II were a full TCP/IP stack, NFS support, expanded kernel address space using ring-1 and a logical disk-level user data cache. /VS (classic) had a file system metadata cache, but no user data cache
| 191 |
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| 0 |
11,024,270 |
# Sankt Leonhard am Forst
**Sankt Leonhard am Forst** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 24 |
Sankt Leonhard am Forst
| 0 |
11,024,338 |
# Crompton Parkinson
**Crompton Parkinson** was a British electrical manufacturing company. It was formed in 1927 by the merger of Crompton & Co. with F. & A. Parkinson Ltd. The brand is now part of Brook Crompton.
## History
Crompton & Co. was a lamp manufacturer founded by R. E. B. Crompton in 1878. The company was widely known for installing the first electric lighting in Windsor Castle, Holyrood Palace and other prominent buildings.
F. & A. Parkinson Ltd. was a successful electric motor manufacturing company founded by two brothers, Albert and Frank Parkinson, who was a former student of (and later a major benefactor of) Leeds University. The university\'s Parkinson Building, opened in 1951, is named in his honour.
Crompton Parkinson was taken over by the Hawker Siddeley aerospace group in 1968 which became part of BTR in 1992. BTR merged with Siebe to form Invensys in 1999. After selling off several divisions, Invensys was acquired by Schneider Electric of France in 2014. Crompton Lighting Australia is now owned by Gerard Lighting, whilst Brook Crompton is now owned by Wolong Holding Group Co Ltd of China. Crompton Lamps was sold to Cooper Industries but is now independent.
### Vidor Batteries and related acquisitions {#vidor_batteries_and_related_acquisitions}
In 1968, Crompton Parkinson acquired Vidor Batteries, a manufacturer of radio and flashlight batteries. Founded in 1934 by businessman Thomas Noah Cole, the company was located in a former Vickers-Armstrong munitions factory in Erith, Kent. He had also purchased Burndept Wireless, a well-established radio manufacturer. The combined company was called Vidor-Burndept. Cole had made his fortune from his previous company Lissen Ltd., a manufacturer of radio kits, accessories and batteries, which he sold to Ever Ready in 1928.
In April 1941, the Erith factory was almost completely destroyed by a German incendiary raid, forcing the company to relocate production to a former jute mill in Dundee, Scotland. Other factories were also opened, at South Shields and Brechin. A Vidor slogan from the 1950s was \"They do say a Vidor battery lasts a month longer!\". In the early 1960s Cole sold Vidor-Burndept to Royston Industries, a sheet-metal manufacturer.
Following the collapse of Royston Industries in 1968, the Vidor brand was acquired by Crompton Parkinson. The Vidor brand was sold to Ray-O-Vac in 1989 and is no longer in use.
## Products
Crompton Parkinson made a wide range of electrical goods including electric motors, ceiling fans, electric generators, light bulbs, power cables and batteries. Some British Railways diesel locomotives (e.g. British Rail Classes 26, 33, 44 and 45) were outfitted with their electrical equipment. The company also produced an extensive range of electrical measuring instruments including voltmeters, ammeters and current transformers and, for a brief time at the beginning, made spark plugs.
### Wartime production {#wartime_production}
During the Second World War, Crompton Parkinson produced large quantities of .303 rifle ammunition at its Guiseley and Doncaster factories and also 9mm pistol cartridges.
## Factories
### Chelmsford
There was a factory located at Writtle Road in Chelmsford, which was originally part of Crompton & Co. The site was taken over by Marconi Radar Systems Ltd in the late 1960s. They remained the occupiers for over 20 years until it was sold for housing development. Only the \'head office\' building fronting Writtle Road remains -- the old Crompton name is still visible over the door.
### Guiseley
During the 1930s, the company built a large factory at Guiseley near Leeds where most of its lamp and electric motor manufacturing was based. The lamp works closed in 2002, and the adjacent electric motor works closed in 2004. The entire site was demolished in 2006, with the clock tower preserved and relocated to a new car park adjacent to the site
| 619 |
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| 0 |
11,024,350 |
# Sankt Martin-Karlsbach
**Sankt Martin-Karlsbach** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 20 |
Sankt Martin-Karlsbach
| 0 |
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# CKPC (AM)
**CKPC** (1380 kHz) was a commercial AM radio station in Brantford, Ontario. Owned by Evanov Communications, the station was first established in 1923 in Preston, Ontario, as one of Canada\'s earliest radio stations.
The station broadcast various formats, ranging from full service, to adult contemporary and oldies formats. From 2020 to its closure in 2023, the station operated under a Christian radio format, which it had assumed from sister station CFWC-FM in exchange for its country music format.
## History
In December 1923, CKPC signed on the air. The original city of licence was Preston (now part of the city of Cambridge). The station first started out as an amateur radio station, but founder Wallace Russ quickly applied for a broadcast licence after a few trial transmissions. His licence was granted, and he started broadcasting from his home in Preston at a power of just 5 watts. Its power increased to 25 watts in 1927. It moved to 1010 kilocycles at 50 watts in 1930, and then to 880 kHz.
In 1933, Russ\'s friend Cyrus Dolph purchased the station, which was soon moved from Preston to Brantford. Russ still remained active with the station, and watched it grow throughout its early years. In 1934, the station moved to 930 kHz. In 1947, it moved to its current location on the band, 1380 AM.
The company added an FM station in 1949, CKPC-FM, operating at 250 watts and simulcasting the AM signal. The AM and FM stations continued to mostly air the same programming until 1976, when the FM station\'s power increased to 50,000 watts.
In 1951, Florence Buchanan assumed full control of Telephone City Broadcast Limited, including CKPC-FM and CKPC, from her father Cyrus. The AM station then had a 1,000-watt signal. She became the first woman in Canada to own and operate a radio station. In 1959, CKPC built a new transmitter and increased power to 10,000 watts. In 1972, Florence\'s son Richard Buchanan assumed control of Telephone City Broadcast Ltd.
CKPC was an affiliate of CBC Radio\'s Dominion Network until 1962 when the station became an independent outlet.
In 1980, during a live appearance on a CKPC talk show, Prime Minister Joe Clark revealed that the Canadian government had assisted in the rescue of six American diplomats during the Iran hostage crisis.
On March 15, 1999, Telephone City Broadcast Ltd. was denied an application to add an FM translator at Simcoe to operate on 98.9 MHz with an effective radiated power of 1,090 watts. The proposed rebroadcasting transmitter was intended to correct coverage inadequacies in CKPC\'s AM signal to the Simcoe, Port Dover and Delhi area.
On June 1, 2004, CKPC switched formats from adult contemporary to oldies. Its power increased from 10,000 watts to 25,000 watts in 2007. Richard Buchanan died in July 2008. Telephone City Broadcast was held by Buchanan\'s estate until July 2009, when an agreement was reached to sell the stations to Evanov Communications, pending CRTC approval. The transaction was approved on August 28, 2009.
On June 24, 2010, the station flipped to a country format.
In February 2020, the CRTC approved a request by Evanov to move sister station CFWC-FM\'s Christian format to CKPC. Evanov felt that the country format would be more profitable on an FM signal. The switch took effect on-air on September 4, 2020, with *Arise* moving to 1380, and CFWC flipping to country as *Hot Country 93.9*.
Shortly after midnight on August 4, 2023, the station signed off and shut down after nearly 100 years of broadcasting. Evanov cited \"local market conditions, and changes to the radio industry\" as reasoning, prioritizing the company\'s FM stations in the market. Its license was returned to the CRTC on December 4, 2023
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| 0 |
11,024,389 |
# Joost Terol
**Joost Terol** (born 1 February 1980) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
## Club career {#club_career}
Born in Leiden, Terol started at SJC where he joined the first team at the age of 16 playing in the Tweede Klasse. When he dropped out of his CIOS education, he joined the military and quit football. He served in Kosovo as part of the 13 Infantry Battalion. In 2001, he began playing in the Hoofdklasse for VV Noordwijk.
As part of the Netherlands military national football team, he was scouted by FC Utrecht, where he subsequently played for three seasons. He was the backup goalkeeper behind René Ponk for a season and a half, after which he became the starting keeper Utrecht in early 2005. He made his professional debut on 26 October 2003 in a 2--2 away draw against FC Twente, when he came in for an injured René Ponk after 43 minutes.
From the summer of 2005, he lost his starting place to Guadeloupean keeper Franck Grandel, who had been signed from French club Troyes AC. After a series of mistakes from Grandel, he reclaimed his starting position. Terol signed for Sparta Rotterdam ahead of the 2006--07 season, before playing in Greece and Cyprus. After Cyprus he went back to the Netherlands to play for AGOVV Apeldoorn. On 24 June 2009, De Graafschap announced that they had signed Terol as a replacement for Erik Heijblok who had left for AZ. With De Graafschap, he won promotion to the Eredivisie in his first season, after which he was rewarded with a contract extension of one year. In the summer of 2013 he was left without a club. In January 2014, he signed with Belgian club Royal Antwerp until the end of the 2013--14 season.
In mid-2014, Terol became the goalkeeper coach at VV Katwijk. He resigned from the position in December 2017
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| 0 |
11,024,401 |
# Zenryō Shimabukuro
was a karate master and the founder of Shorin-ryu Seibukan karate.
## Early life {#early_life}
Zenryo Shimabukuro was born in Shuri, Okinawa in 1908. He earned his living as a baker and tatami maker, but had studied karate under the karate master Chotoku Kyan. He began his training with Kyan in 1932, but trained with him until Kyan\'s death in 1945, excluding the years during World War II, when karate instruction had ceased.
## Karate career {#karate_career}
Following World War II, Shimabukuro opened his own dojo, teaching karate out of his home. His students included his son Zenpo Shimabukuro and his nephew Zenji Shimabukuro, each of whom became karate masters in their own right. One of his early students was an American paratrooper named William Fuller Jr., who arranged for Shimabukuro to teach karate to some of the other American paratroopers stationed in Okinawa.
In 1960, he became president of the Okinawan branch of the Japan Karate-do Federation/All-Japan Karate-do Federation, though the branch later withdrew and became the Okinawan Karate-do United Association. In 1962, Shimabukuro founded his school, which he named Seibukan (meaning *Holy Art School*). In 1964 he was awarded a 10th dan red belt, which is the highest rank available within the Okinawan Karate-do United Association.
In 1967, the Okinawan Karate-do United Association became the All-Okinawan Karate-do Federation, with Shimabukuro continuing to serve as the organization\'s vice president.
## Death
On October 14, 1969, while in Osaka on his way back from the 1st All Japan Karate Championship, organized by the Zen Nihon Karate-dō Renmei and held at the Nippon Budōkan, where he performed kata Seisan, Zenryo died of appendicitis. His son Zenpo Shimabukuro became the master of the school his father had founded, Seibukan
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| 0 |
11,024,428 |
# Sankt Oswald, Lower Austria
**Sankt Oswald** is a town located in the district of Melk within the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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Sankt Oswald, Lower Austria
| 0 |
11,024,432 |
# WWTH
**WWTH** (100.7 FM), Oscoda, Michigan, is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format to the Oscoda, Tawas, Alpena area of northeastern lower Michigan. The station is known as \"Thunder 100.7\".
## History
WWTH was originally WCLS \"Sunny 100-dot-7,\" airing a satellite-fed adult contemporary format from Jones Radio. For a time, WCLS simulcast its programming on 93.9 FM WCLX in Mio, which is now WAVC. In 1998, WCLS was sold from Spectrum Communications to Ives Broadcasting, which also owned WHSB 107.7 FM in Alpena at the time, and became \"Kix 100.7,\" a satellite-fed country station. After only about a year, \"Kix\" reverted to the \"Sunny\" satellite AC format.
The second incarnation of \"Sunny 100-dot-7\" continued until 2004, when the station went silent; it briefly returned to the air simulcasting 99.9 WHAK-FM and then 107.7 WHSB before going silent again. In December 2004, Edwards Communications acquired WCLS along with WHSB and WHAK-AM/FM, and in April 2005, the \"Thunder Country\" format debuted on 100.7 FM (which sported the new calls WWTH) and 960 AM WHAK. Originally the station was chiefly locally automated with some local announcers, but the station soon went with the \"CD Country\" satellite format from Jones Radio Networks (since absorbed into Dial Global\'s Hot Country format). WHAK-AM 960 broke away from the simulcast in the summer of 2012 to simulcast the classic hits format of WHAK-FM.
As \"Thunder Country\" from 2005 to 2013, WWTH broadcast the \"Hot Country\" (known on-air as \"Today\'s New Hit Country\") satellite feed from Dial Global. The station switched formats to classic rock at 11:00 AM on May 24, 2013. The station syndicates the popular morning show Free Beer and Hot Wings
| 279 |
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| 0 |
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# Orma language
**Orma** is a variety of the Oromo language spoken by the Orma people in Kenya. It is a dialect of Southern Oromo
| 25 |
Orma language
| 0 |
11,024,505 |
# Pan Bouyoucas
**Pan Bouyoucas** (born 16 August 1946 in Lebanon) is a Greek-Canadian author, playwright and translator.
## History
Bouyoucas was born to Greek parents and emigrated to Canada in 1963. After studies in architecture, in Montreal and New York City, he obtained a BFA (theatre and film) at Concordia University, and worked a few years as a film critic. In the 1970s he published two novels, then wrote mostly for radio and the theatre, both in French and English. Since 1995, he has published ten novels, a collection of short stories, and a book for children. He has been nominated for several Canadian and international awards and his theatrical plays have been translated and staged in several countries.
According to Kathleen Kellett of Ryerson University and Kirsty Bell of Mount Allison University, the work of Pan Bouyoucas is defined by plurality and diversity: "Cultural diversity, because the author was born in Lebanon and some of his stories evoke the Greek origins of his parents. Linguistic diversity, since Bouyoucas is both a translator and a novelist who publishes in French and sometimes in English. Finally, literary pluralism, since Bouyoucas\' work includes novels, novellas, short stories and plays, in which he explores many sub-genres, from magic realism to detective stories. From his first publication, Le dernier souffle (1975), to his most recent, Ce matin sur le toit de l\'arc-en-ciel (2017), his output lends itself to analyses of topics of great contemporary relevance: cross-culturality, socio-political critique, issues of language and translation, play with literary genres, family dynamics, magic realism, and the question of origins, among others. Bouyoucas\' work travels between Quebec and Greece, probing all the while the issues and challenges of the contemporary world."
## Novels
` • `*`Le dernier souffle`*` (Editions du Jour, 1975)`
` • `*`Une bataille d'Amérique`*` (Editions Quinze, 1976)`
` • `*`L'humoriste et l'assassin`*` (Libre Expression, 1996 and Club Québec-Loisirs, 1997)`
` • `*`La vengeance d'un père`*` (Libre Expression, 1997, Guernica Editions, 2001, as `*`A Father's Revenge`*`), shortlisted for the ``Prix Ringuet`` de l'Académie des lettres du Québec`
` • `*`L'autre`*` (Les Allusifs, 2001), translated by Sheila Fischman as `*`The Other`*` in `*`Aegean Tales`*`(Cormorant, 2008), Finalist, the Governor General's Literary Awards and the Prix Marcel-Couture du Salon du Livre de Montréal`
` • `*`Anna Pourquoi`*` (Les Allusifs, 2004) translated by Sheila Fischman as `*`Anna Why`*` in `*`Aegean Tales`*`(Cormorant, 2008), winner of the Prix littéraire des collégiens and Le livre élu (France)`
` • `*`The Man Who Wanted to Drink Up the Sea`*` (Cormorant, 2006), cited by France's FNAC as one of the best novels of the year`
` • `*`Portrait d'un mari avec les cendres de sa femme`*` (Les Allusifs, 2010), translated by Sheila Fischman as `*`Portrait of a Husband with the Ashes of His Wife`*` (Guernica Editions, 2018)`
` • `*`Cocorico`*` (XYZ, 2011), translated by Maureen Labonté as "Cock-A-Doodle-Doo" (Guernica Editions, 2022)`
` • `*`The Tattoo`*` (Cormorant, 2011, XYZ), nominated for the Re-Lit Award`
` • `*`Ari et la reine de l'orge`*` (Les Allusifs, 2014), translated by Sheila Fischman as `*`Ari and the Barley Queen`*` (Guernica Editions, 2023)`
` • `*`Le mauvais œil`*` (Les Allusifs, 2015)`
` • `*`Ce matin, sur le toit de l'arc-en-ciel`*` (Les Allusifs, 2017)`
## Short stories {#short_stories}
- *Docteur Loukoum* (Editions Trait d\'union, 2000)
- *Gandhi\'s Admirer* (translation by Paul Curtis Daw of *L\'admirateur de Gandhi* for Words without Borders, 2011)
| 561 |
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# Pan Bouyoucas
## Children\'s books {#childrens_books}
- *Thésée et le Minotaure* (Editions 400 coups, 2003) Finalist, The Governor General\'s Literary Awards
## Theatre
` • `*`Le pourboire`*` (1983), First prize, Concours Radiophonique de Radio-Canada and Concours de la Communauté radiophonique des programmes de langue française, Paris
| 47 |
Pan Bouyoucas
| 1 |
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# WWBR
**WWBR** (100.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Big Rapids, Michigan, it first began broadcasting in 1964 under the WBRN-FM call sign. Mornings with Etch is the Morning show host
| 38 |
WWBR
| 0 |
11,024,518 |
# Ellington High School
**Ellington High School** is a public high school located in Ellington, Connecticut. The school teams are known as the Knights. Their colors are purple and gold. Ellington is a part of Ellington Public Schools
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Ellington High School
| 0 |
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# Texingtal
**Texingtal** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It was the birthplace of former Austrian chancellor and fascist dictator Engelbert Dollfuß
| 31 |
Texingtal
| 0 |
11,024,523 |
# Cameron's Brewing Company
**Cameron\'s Brewing Company** is a brewery in Oakville, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1997, it produces four varieties of beer: Cameron\'s Cream Ale, Cameron\'s Auburn Ale, Cameron\'s Lager, and Cameron\'s RPA (Rye Pale Ale).
## Awards
Year Canadian Brewing Awards U.S. Open Beer Championship
------ ----------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------
2007 two medals
2008 two medals
2009 three medals
2010 gold for Dark 266; bronze for Cream Ale gold for lager in American lager category
: Awards
## Management
In 2020 Jason Britton and Clint Israel oversaw renovations to the company\'s management and facilities
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Cameron's Brewing Company
| 0 |
11,024,530 |
# In Transit (Saga album)
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{{album chart|Canada|10|chartid=6939a|rowheader=true|access-date=July 20, 2024|refname=CAN}}
^
``
| 22 |
In Transit (Saga album)
| 0 |
11,024,630 |
# Weiten
**Weiten** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 18 |
Weiten
| 0 |
11,024,663 |
# WWCK-FM
**WWCK-FM** (105.5 MHz, \"CK105.5\") is a radio station in Flint, Michigan, broadcasting a top 40 (CHR) format. The station is owned by Cumulus Media and has programmed its current format since 1989. Its studios are located south of the Flint city limits and its transmitter is east of downtown Flint near the intersection of Dort Highway and Interstate 69, from a facility shared with its AM sister station WWCK. It\'s signal can reach as far west as Lansing, Michigan, as far south as Pontiac, Michigan, as far east as Imlay City, Michigan and as far north as Bay City, Michigan
## History
### Early history: WMRP {#early_history_wmrp}
105.5 FM originally went on the air in 1964 as **WMRP-FM**. The WMRP calls stood for **M**ethodist **R**adio **P**arish. WMRP-FM aired a beautiful music format while WMRP 1570 played MOR; the conservative owners of the stations prohibited any advertising for tobacco or alcohol products.
### WWCK is born as FM 105 Flint\'s Best Rock {#wwck_is_born_as_fm_105_flints_best_rock}
In 1971, the United Methodist Church withdrew support for WMRP-AM-FM, and the stations were sold that year to John W. Nogaj, who changed the FM\'s call letters to WWCK in November 1971 as a tribute to Windsor, Ontario\'s powerhouse CKLW and installed a daytime Top 40 and nighttime AOR format. As AM 1570 they went Country and later Oldies as WCZN.
John sold WCZN and WWCK in 1975 to Reams Broadcasting who changed WWCK\'s format in October 1975 to full time AOR. As *\"WWCK FM 105, Flint\'s Best Rock\"* and then as *\"WWCK FM 105, Rock Of The Eighties\"*. WWCK-FM was a market leader in Flint for many years, and it was named as the top rated rock station in all of the United States in 1985, WWCK-FM was also the home of WWCK\'s DJ turned-filmmaker Michael Moore\'s Sunday night show \"Radio Free Flint\" from 1980 through 1985 and \"Buffalo Dick\'s Radio Ranch\" with Jeffrey Lamb and future voice actor himself Robert Paulsen was voted as \"The Best Local Programming In All Markets\" by Billboard Magazine in 1982.
### WWCK goes into CHR/Top 40 as CK 105 FM {#wwck_goes_into_chrtop_40_as_ck_105_fm}
In December 1988, Reams Broadcasting sold WWCK-AM 1570 and WWCK-FM 105.5 to Majac of Michigan, On January 1, 1989, Majac officially changed WWCK-FM\'s format from an AOR station to a CHR/Top 40 station as \"The All New CK 105 FM\" with WWCK AM 1570 serving as a shadowcast of FM 105. This marked the first time Flint had a 2nd FM CHR/Top 40 Hit music radio station of its own since the days of WTAC 600 AM changed from Top 40 to Country in 1981. The fans of the old FM 105 era were unhappy with the change, but WWCK\'s new format took off in the ratings and gain some new fans as in the CHR fanbase as CK 105 posted several number one showings (12+) in the Flint Arbitron reports throughout the 1990s. CK 105.5 is typically still a top ten ratings performer in Flint.
WWCK-FM was once housed at its transmitter location on Lapeer Rd. During the 1990s WWCK-FM allowed requests at the studio window. It was also common for wedding parties to stop by the studio for shout outs and such
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WWCK-FM
| 0 |
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# The Complete Peanuts
***The Complete Peanuts*** is a series of books containing the entire run of Charles M. Schulz\'s long-running newspaper comic strip *Peanuts*, published by Fantagraphics Books. The series was published at a rate of two volumes per year, each containing two years of strips (except for the first volume, which includes 1950--1952). Slipcased sets of two volumes are also available. The series comprises a total of 26 volumes, including a final volume that was a collection of Schulz strips, cartoons, stories, and illustrations that appeared outside of the daily newspaper strip. These hardcover books were first published between 2004 and 2016. Later, Fantagraphics also began publishing the series in a softcover format. A companion series titled *Peanuts Every Sunday*, collecting only the Sunday strips of the *Peanuts* series, was launched by Fantagraphics in 2013 and ran until late 2022.
Schulz began to discuss an anthology of his work with Fantagraphics in 1997. The idea of a complete compendium of all published *Peanuts* strips was long resisted by Schulz; he did not want some early strips reprinted, as he felt they were not as good as the ones he drew later in his career. Approximately 2,000 of the 17,897 strips had never appeared in a previous U.S. collection.
The first book in the series was published in April 2004 and topped the *New York Times* Best Seller list.
## Volumes
Besides Schulz\'s work, each book contains an introduction by an influential individual (often with a connection to Schulz), an index of themes and characters, additional art by designer Seth (all of which are directly based on a specific *Peanuts* panel), and a biography of Schulz written by series editor Gary Groth. In addition, the first volume contains an interview with Schulz conducted by Groth and an extended biography. Sunday panels, which originally appeared in color, are presented in black and white in the series (a decision approved by Schulz\'s widow, Jean Schulz). The hardcover volumes measure 8.5 in × 7 in while the softcover volumes are 8.25 in × 6.5 in.
All the characters on the covers (and their styles) match the time period each volume represents.
Volume 25, covering the years 1999 and 2000, also includes the complete run of Schulz\'s 1947--50 strip *Li\'l Folks*. This precursor includes early versions of Charlie Brown and Snoopy. A 26th and final volume was announced in 2016 which includes hundreds of miscellaneous sketches, designs, short stories, and covers drawn by Schulz.
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| \# | Title | ISBN | Release date (Hardcover) | Release date (Softcover) | Cover art | Spine art | Introduction | Page count |
+====+=======================================================+======+==========================+==========================+===================================================+==================+===============================+============+
| 1 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1950 to 1952* | | May 17, 2004 | June 8, 2014 | Charlie Brown | Shermy | Garrison Keillor | 346 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 2 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1953 to 1954* | | October 17, 2004 | November 2, 2014 | Lucy van Pelt | Charlotte Braun | Walter Cronkite | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 3 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1955 to 1956* | | April 17, 2005 | June 30, 2015 | Pig-Pen | Patty | Matt Groening | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 4 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1957 to 1958* | | October 17, 2005 | October 26, 2015 | Snoopy | Violet Gray | Jonathan Franzen | 314 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 5 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1959 to 1960* | | May 17, 2006 | May 17, 2016 | Patty | Schroeder | Whoopi Goldberg (US edition)\ | 344 |
| | | | | | | | Russell T Davies (UK edition) | |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 6 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1961 to 1962* | | November 17, 2006 | November 22, 2016 | Schroeder | Snoopy | Diana Krall | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 7 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1963 to 1964* | | May 1, 2007 | August 15, 2017 | Linus van Pelt | Lucy van Pelt | Bill Melendez | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 8 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1965 to 1966* | | August 29, 2007 | January 2, 2018 | Charlie Brown | 555 95472 | Hal Hartley | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 9 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1967 to 1968* | | April 23, 2008 | May 1, 2018 | Violet Gray | Linus van Pelt | John Waters | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 10 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1969 to 1970* | | October 19, 2008 | September 18, 2018 | Snoopy (as the World War I Flying Ace) | Pig-Pen | Mo Willems | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 11 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1971 to 1972* | | April 29, 2009 | May 7, 2019 | Sally Brown | Thibault | Kristin Chenoweth | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 12 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1973 to 1974* | | September 8, 2009 | October 22, 2019 | Woodstock (with a larger shadow hanging over him) | Frieda | Billie Jean King | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 13 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1975 to 1976* | | April 20, 2010 | July 7, 2020 | Frieda | Charlie Brown | Robert Smigel | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 14 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1977 to 1978* | | September 27, 2010 | November 24, 2020 | Peppermint Patty | Sally Brown | Alec Baldwin | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 15 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1979 to 1980* | | April 11, 2011 | July 27, 2021 | Charlie Brown | José Peterson | Al Roker | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 16 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1981 to 1982* | | August 29, 2011 | November 16, 2021 | Linus van Pelt | Eudora | Lynn Johnston | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 17 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1983 to 1984* | | April 3, 2012 | May 31, 2022 | Franklin | Roy | Leonard Maltin | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 18 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1985 to 1986* | | September 19, 2012 | November 8, 2022 | Spike | Marcie | Patton Oswalt | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 19 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1987 to 1988* | | April 6, 2013 | July 25, 2023 | Lucy van Pelt | Peppermint Patty | Garry Trudeau | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 20 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1989 to 1990* | | October 18, 2013 | December 5, 2023 | Charlie Brown | Franklin | Lemony Snicket | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 21 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1991 to 1992* | | June 8, 2014 | April 2, 2024 | Marcie | Woodstock | Tom Tomorrow | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 22 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1993 to 1994* | | October 28, 2014 | September 24, 2024 | Peppermint Patty | Molly Volley | Jake Tapper | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 23 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1995 to 1996* | | July 4, 2015 | TBA | Snoopy (as the \"World Famous Attorney\") | Spike | RiffTrax/MST3K | 348 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 24 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1997 to 1998* | | November 9, 2015 | TBA | Rerun van Pelt | Royanne Hobbs | Paul Feig | 314 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 25 | *The Complete Peanuts: 1999 to 2000 Plus Li\'l Folks* | | May 10, 2016 | TBA | Sally Brown | Truffles | Barack Obama | 332 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| 26 | *The Complete Peanuts: Comics and Stories* | | November 22, 2016 | TBA | Charlie Brown | Rerun van Pelt | Jean Schulz | 344 |
+----+-------------------------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
### Boxed sets {#boxed_sets}
All of the volumes are also being released in boxed sets of two, housed in a specially designed slipcase.
Title ISBN Release date Center character
------------------------------------------------------------- ------ -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------
*The Complete Peanuts: 1950 to 1954* October 17, 2004 Charlie Brown (Volume 1 cover)
*The Complete Peanuts: 1955 to 1958* October 17, 2005 Snoopy (Volume 4 cover)
*The Complete Peanuts: 1959 to 1962* November 17, 2006 Lucy van Pelt
*The Complete Peanuts: 1963 to 1966* August 29, 2007 Linus van Pelt (Volume 7 cover)
*The Complete Peanuts: 1967 to 1970* October 19, 2008 Snoopy (as the World War I Flying Ace) (Volume 10 cover)
*The Complete Peanuts: 1971 to 1974* September 8, 2009 Woodstock (Volume 12 cover)
*The Complete Peanuts: 1975 to 1978* September 27, 2010 Peppermint Patty (Volume 14 cover)
*The Complete Peanuts: 1979 to 1982* August 29, 2011 Schroeder
*The Complete Peanuts: 1983 to 1986* September 19, 2012 Spike (Volume 18 cover)
*The Complete Peanuts: 1987 to 1990* October 18, 2013 Sally Brown
*The Complete Peanuts: 1991 to 1994* October 28, 2014 Woodstock\'s bird friends
*The Complete Peanuts: 1995 to 1998* November 9, 2015 Lucy van Pelt
*The Complete Peanuts: 1999 to 2000 and Comics and Stories* November 22, 2016 Charlie Brown
| 1,466 |
The Complete Peanuts
| 0 |
11,024,680 |
# The Complete Peanuts
## Volumes
### *Peanuts Every Sunday* {#peanuts_every_sunday}
***Peanuts Every Sunday*** is a series featuring the *Peanuts* Sunday strips in full color. These books, unlike the *Complete Peanuts* series, were released one per year, in ten volumes covering half a decade each (except the first book, 1952--55). Slip-cased sets of two are also available.
Title ISBN Release date Character(s) in focus Introduction Pages
-------------------------------------- ------ ---------------- -------------------------------- -------------------- -------
*Peanuts Every Sunday: 1952 to 1955* December 2013 Charlie Brown Jonathan Rosenbaum 288
*Peanuts Every Sunday: 1956 to 1960* November 2014 Lucy van Pelt Chuck Klosterman 272
*Peanuts Every Sunday: 1961 to 1965* November 2015 Charlie Brown and Snoopy Lucy Sante 288
*Peanuts Every Sunday: 1966 to 1970* November 2016 Lucy van Pelt and Snoopy Max Apple 288
*Peanuts Every Sunday: 1971 to 1975* November 2017 Snoopy and Woodstock Alexander Theroux 288
*Peanuts Every Sunday: 1976 to 1980* December 2018 Pig-Pen and Peppermint Patty 288
*Peanuts Every Sunday: 1981 to 1985* October 2019 Charlie Brown\'s baseball team 288
*Peanuts Every Sunday: 1986 to 1990* September 2020 Snoopy and Woodstock 264
*Peanuts Every Sunday: 1991 to 1995* November 2021 Snoopy and Woodstock 264
*Peanuts Every Sunday: 1996 to 2000* November 2022 Snoopy and Woodstock 264
**Box sets**
Title ISBN Release date
------------------------------------------------ ------ --------------
*Peanuts Every Sunday: The 1950s Gift Box Set* 2015-12-07
*Peanuts Every Sunday: The 1960s Gift Box Set* 2016-11-17
*Peanuts Every Sunday: The 1970s Gift Box Set* 2018-11-15
*Peanuts Every Sunday: The 1980s Gift Box Set* 2020-09-22
*Peanuts Every Sunday: The 1990s Gift Box Set* 2022-11-29
Both the complete series and the Sunday collections are being published in hardback and paperback form, with different covers and supplemental artwork.
## Recognition
*The Complete Peanuts* have won several awards including:
**Eisner Awards**
- 2005 -- \"Best Archival Collection/Project\"
- 2005 -- \"Best Publication Design\" (Seth)
- 2007 -- \"Best Archival Collection/Project---Strips\"
**Harvey Awards**
- 2005 -- \"Special Award for Excellence in Presentation\"
- 2005 -- \"Best Domestic Reprint Project\"
- 2007 -- \"Best Domestic Reprint Project\"
- 2008 -- \"Best Domestic Reprint Project\"
- 2009 -- \"Best Domestic Reprint Project\"
| 352 |
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| 1 |
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# The Complete Peanuts
## International editions {#international_editions}
All international editions retain the artwork, layout, and format of the original American version (though some of the German volumes feature the original introductions, such as those by Matt Groening and Whoopi Goldberg, while others feature new ones by Germans such as Robert Gernhardt). `{{As of |January 2017}}`{=mediawiki}, the following have been printed:
- Canongate Books started publication of a U.K. edition of the series in October 2007, with all of the volumes published; Volume 5 features a different introduction from the U.S. edition, by Russell T. Davies.
- Carlsen Comics began publication of a German edition of *The Complete Peanuts* in October 2006, under the title *Peanuts Werkausgabe*. All of the volumes have been released.
- The Portuguese release of *Peanuts -- Obra Completa* by Edições Afrontamento started with the first two volumes in 2006, with the sixth released in 2011. There is no schedule for the publication of the following volumes.
- Dargaud started publishing *The Complete Peanuts* in France, under the title *Snoopy -- Intégrales*, in November 2005; later volumes were re-titled *Snoopy et les Peanuts*. As of 2024, all volumes have been published.
- In Poland, Nasza Księgarnia began publishing the collected edition in 2008, under the title *Fistaszki zebrane*, with all volumes released.
- In Spain, Planeta DeAgostini is the publisher of *Snoopy y Carlitos*, with 25 volumes published as of 2024.
- In Brazil, L&PM Editores started publication in November 2009, under the title *Peanuts Completo*. Ten volumes have been released so far.
- In Italy, Panini Comics started publication in April 2005, maintaining the original title *The Complete Peanuts*. All of the volumes have been released.
- In China, Shaanxi Tourism Press Co. Ltd. first started a Chinese edition of *The Complete Peanuts* in October 2007. One volume (1950--1952) was published, and then the publication was stopped. Then, 21 Century Publishing Group started another Chinese edition of *The Complete Peanuts* in September 2009. Ten volumes (1950--1970) were published before the publication was stopped. Beijing Huawen Tianxia Changqingteng Books Issuance Co. Ltd. started a third Chinese edition of *The Complete Peanuts* in November 2015. Seventeen volumes (1950--1984) have been published so far, and more are expected to be coming.
- In Greece, *Kathimerini* started publishing *Peanuts Every Sunday*, in January 2022. The Greek publisher kept everything the American version has. The only difference is that they decided to divide every volume in half. So, until now, five volumes (1950--1975) have been published
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| 2 |
11,024,690 |
# UNA Europe
**UNA Europe Network** is a network of United Nations Associations (UNAs) based in Europe.
United Nations Associations are Non-Governmental Organisations, usually with individual and organizational members. They are peoples movements with the common goal of working for a better and stronger United Nations. Often they work with information, advocacy, international cooperation and fundraising. There are over 100 UNA\'s around the world and are presently organized in a world federation, World Federation of United Nations Associations (WFUNA)
| 79 |
UNA Europe
| 0 |
11,024,704 |
# Yspertal
**Yspertal** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 18 |
Yspertal
| 0 |
11,024,738 |
# Slitless spectroscopy
**Slitless spectroscopy** is spectroscopy done without a small slit to allow only light from a small region to be diffracted. It works best in sparsely populated fields, as it spreads each point source out into its spectrum, and crowded fields can be too confused to be useful for some applications. It also faces the problem that for extended sources, nearby emission lines will overlap. This technique is a basic form of snapshot hyperspectral imaging. Slitless spectroscopy is used for astronomical surveys and in fields, such as solar physics, where time evolution is important. Both types of application benefit from higher speed operation of a slitless spectrograph: conventional spectrographs require multiple exposures, scanning the slit across the target, to acquire a complete spectral image, while a slitless spectrograph can capture a complete image plane in one exposure.
The Crossley telescope utilized a slitless spectrograph that was originally employed by Nicholas Mayall.
The *Henry Draper Catalogue*, published 1924, contains stellar classifications for hundreds of thousands of stars, based on spectra taken with the objective prism method at Harvard College Observatory. The work of classification was led initially by Williamina Fleming and later by Annie Jump Cannon, with contributions from many other female astronomers including Florence Cushman.
Slitless spectrographs encounter an unusual form of specular reflection at the grating, which leads to anisotropic image distortion called Littrow expansion or compression. The distortion occurs because the normal rules of specular reflection do not apply to reflective gratings operated far from the non-dispersive reflection angle
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# Zelking-Matzleinsdorf
**Zelking-Matzleinsdorf** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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11,024,820 |
# Pathorghata
**Pathorghata** is a village of Bhangura Upazila in Pabna District, Bangladesh. It is located in the southern part of Bhangura Upazila along the bank of Baral River.
## Geography
The land of this village is mainly flat land with a number of depressions called beel. The middle part of this village is higher than the rest of the parts. On the north the Baral River is flowing. A nearly extinguished river \'Mara Gang\' is flowing across the village.
## Points of interest {#points_of_interest}
Baral River bank, Pathorghata Islam o Shomaj Kalyan Gobeshona Kendro.
## Administration
Pathorghata is a village under the Per Bhangura Union. It comprises a number of parts: Maddha Para, Uttar Para, Paschim Para, Chakra Para, Bishi Para, Rokon Pur and Toltoli Para
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# Altlichtenwarth
**Altlichtenwarth** is a town in the district of Mistelbach in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 18 |
Altlichtenwarth
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11,024,858 |
# Straja
**Straja** resort is an Eastern European ski and snowboarding resort, situated at an elevation of 1440 m in the Vâlcan Mountains of the Southern Carpathians, in the Jiu Valley region of Hunedoara County, Romania. The resort is a relatively new one, being declared a resort in 2002.
Access to the resort can be made from Lupeni (a small mining town), on a 8 km long paved mountain road or by a gondola. The Straja resort has about 26 km of ski area; 20 km are equipped with artificial snow. The 11 cable cars provide access to all the slopes of the resort. There are 12 slopes, each equipped with a cable car. Five of them also benefit from a nocturnal facility, making it possible to use the slopes until late at night. They are maintained with snow-blowing machines to keep them in the best possible conditions for skiing. The snow season here usually starts in the first week of December and ends in the last week of March.
Due to the construction of the gondola and the chairlift on the Straja Peak (1868 m) there are new slopes, the longest being the Straja Strand, with a length of 3.8 km. In season 2016-2017 the chairlift on the Constantinescu Piste had been open, and in the 2017--2018 season, another chair lift had replaced the ski lift number 2.
Since 2001, a brown bear named Baloo has been on display at the ski resort despite a poorly enforced 2005 ban by the Romanian government prohibiting private individuals from owning bears. Baloo, who lives in a small rusty cage without enrichment, is said to be given alcohol to drink along with an insufficient diet. Libearty Bear Sanctuary has been working to rescue Baloo, but the ski resort owner refuses to relinquish the bear to the sanctuary
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Straja
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11,024,880 |
# Gibbage
***Gibbage*** is a fighting game developed by Zombie Cow Studios. It was released on April 25, 2006, for Windows.
The game was a 2007 IGF Award nominee.
## Gameplay
Two characters spawn, one belonging to each player, called clones. Clones spawn from what is known as the power booth. Each power booth has a power level which drains perpetually. In order to keep the power booth\'s power level from dropping to zero, the players must collect power cubes, and then bring them back to their booth. Each player is equipped with a weapon called a Gibber with which to defend themselves and destroy their enemy. When a player is destroyed, he loses a portion of his power and must wait whilst a new clone is created.
When the new clone is created, the player takes control of it and direct conflict resumes. In addition to power cubes, from time to time a power-up item will appear. Collecting this will give the player one of a variety of upgrades or effects, such as an extra Gibber, a rocket launcher, or it may freeze opponents solid or reduce them to a single hit point. The game ends when all but one players have had their power level reduced to zero. The remaining player is the winner.
## Development
The game was developed for PC Zone magazine as part of a 10 part series on learning how to code an indie game. Developer Dan Marshall had formerly worked in the television industry. He had always thought that developing a game was easy, but had a \"harsh awakening\". The game was released as freeware in 2011.
## Reception
William Usher of Game Tunnel gave the game a \"buy\" recommendation, calling the action \"fast-paced\" and saying that \"it will occupy many of your waking hours\". Alec Meer of Rock, Paper, Shotgun said that the game \"has a particularly neat two-player mode\"
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# Estelle v. Gamble
\_\_NOTOC\_\_ `{{Infobox SCOTUS case
|Litigants=Estelle v. Gamble
|ArgueDate=October 5
|ArgueYear=1976
|DecideDate=November 30
|DecideYear=1976
|FullName=Estelle, Corrections Director, et al. v. J. W. Gamble
|USVol=429
|USPage=97
|ParallelCitations=97 S. Ct. 285; 50 [[L. Ed. 2d]] 251; 1976 [[U.S. LEXIS]] 175
|Prior=
|Subsequent=
|Holding=In order to state a cognizable [[Section 1983]] claim for a violation of [[Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Eighth Amendment]] rights, a prisoner must allege acts or omissions sufficiently harmful to evidence deliberate indifference to serious medical needs, and that [[medical malpractice]] did not rise to the level of "[[cruel and unusual punishment]]" simply because the victim was a prisoner.
|Majority=Marshall
|JoinMajority=Burger, Brennan, Stewart, White, Powell, Rehnquist
|Concurrence=Blackmun (in the judgment)
|Dissent=Stevens
|LawsApplied=
}}`{=mediawiki}
***Estelle v. Gamble***, 429 U.S. 97 (1976), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States established the standard of what a prisoner must plead in order to claim a violation of Eighth Amendment rights under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Specifically, the Court held that a prisoner must allege acts or omissions sufficiently harmful to evidence deliberate indifference to serious medical needs. Though the Court credited Gamble\'s complaint that doctors had failed to provide appropriate care, it held that medical malpractice did not rise to the level of \"cruel and unusual punishment\" simply because the victim is a prisoner.
## History
J. W. Gamble was a state prisoner within the Texas Department of Corrections who was given a prison labor assignment loading and unloading cotton bales from a truck. On November 9, 1973, he injured his back when a cotton bale fell on him. Over the next three months, he complained of back and chest pains, was subject to administrative segregation for refusing to work, and ultimately was treated for an irregular heartbeat.
On February 11, 1974, Gamble initiated his lawsuit *pro se* by submitting a handwritten document.
The Court found for the defendant because it viewed his failure to receive proper medical care as \"inadvertent\". The case nevertheless established the principle that the deliberate failure of prison authorities to address the medical needs of an inmate constitutes \"cruel and unusual punishment\". It held that \"deliberate indifference to serious medical needs of prisoners constitutes the \'unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain\'\...proscribed by the Eighth Amendment.\"
## *Helling v. McKinney* {#helling_v._mckinney}
The Supreme Court in 1993 extended the requirement that inmates receive required medical care beyond what it established in *Estelle*. In *Helling v. McKinney*, the Court considered the case of a Nevada prisoner, \"the cellmate of a five-pack-a-day smoker,\" who sought to be housed in an environment free of second-hand smoke. McKinney suffered from no ailment and sought no medical treatment. Justice Byron White wrote for a 7−2 majority of the Court that McKinney\'s claim that prison officials \"have, with deliberate indifference, exposed him to levels of ETS \[second hand smoke\] that pose an unreasonable risk of serious damage to his future health\" raised a valid claim under the Eighth Amendment. He wrote that McKinney would have to prove both the scientific facts of the dangers of exposure to second-hand smoke and prove that community standards supported him, that \"it violates contemporary standards of decency to expose *anyone* unwillingly to such a risk. In other words, the prisoner must show that the risk of which he complains is not one that today\'s society chooses to tolerate.\" He would also have to prove that prison officials acted with deliberate indifference
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# Asparn an der Zaya
**Asparn an der Zaya** is a town in the district of Mistelbach in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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Asparn an der Zaya
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11,024,935 |
# Temple Hill, Kent
**Temple Hill** is a suburb of Dartford in Kent, England. It takes its name from the Knights Templar order. Temple Hill extends from the west of the A282 (Dartford Crossing) in the east to Dartford town centre in the west. It is one of the largest suburban regions of Dartford. Temples Manor, known as the manor of Dartford Temples, took its name from the Knights Templars who were the original landowners. The manor appears to have included the whole of the lands from Temple Hill on the north eastern edge of the town, right down to the River Thames. The manor also incorporated the Waterside district of Dartford and the area around the River Cranpit on the south side of the High Street, at the junction of Lowfield Street. The prior of St John of Jerusalem was the principal landholder within the manor.
## Transport
Temple Hill is served by the Fastrack bus system, and route 480 by Arriva
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11,024,947 |
# The Plague (British band)
**The Plague** are an English punk rock band. Formed in South East London during 1976, the band were initially in existence until 1981. They re-formed in 2005. Their original line-up was:
- Marc Jefferies -- vocals, lead guitar
- Gareth Martin -- vocals, rhythm guitar
- Graham Robinson -- bass -- Neil Hiller being the new bassist.
- Greg Horton -- drums, vocals
The Plague are notable as a band who played London venue The Roxy many times, as well as many more shows all over the country. They also scored a minor hit with their 1978 single \"In Love\", which received Radio 1 airplay and became a favourite of the late John Peel, a long-time champion of underground music.
## Origins
After meeting at college Gareth, Graham and Marc noted a shared interest in bands such as The Damned, The Who and The Sex Pistols, and formed The Plague in the autumn of 1976. Drummer Greg Horton completed the line-up, and the band began playing together at a rehearsal space attached to a church in Bromley.
By early 1977 The Plague were playing locally, soon securing a regular slot at the Battersea Arts Centre -- initially as support to musical-play \"The Food Show\". They were the first punk rock band to play at the venue, playing a twenty-minute set to open the show as well as providing a contemporary soundtrack to The Food Show in return for rehearsal space. As The Food Show was put on by the Inner London Education Authority (ILEA), the unlikely pairing played other ILEA venues together. However this was a short-lived arrangement after the band played soon-to-be fan-favourite \"1, 2, Fuck You!\" one night at a school. Despite requesting a punk show, school staff in the audience went berserk, almost leading to a fight between the school\'s PE teacher and the band/manager. The headmaster demanded an apology from The Plague, which was unforthcoming, so from that point onward they were banned from all ILEA venues -- rather a fitting and appropriate state of affairs for a hungry teenage punk band in 1977.
Having recorded their first demo (containing such embryonic examples of their sound as: \"Again and Again\", \"On The Dole\", and \"Nightmares\") The Plague began their long-standing relationship with The Roxy club, playing shows with such punk luminaries as the UK Subs and Slaughter and the Dogs. Eventually the club manager Kevin St John would phone the band up when others had cancelled gigs at the last minute.
As well as regulars to the club the band brought with them their \"Battersea Mob\", a group of punks based at The Old Swan pub in Battersea. The Battersea Mob proved to be the most loyal of fans, some even trekking as far afield as Coventry and Manchester to see the band. It was during this time that the band wrote many songs including \"Spies\", \"Personality Clash\", \"No Strings Attached\", \"End of the World\", \"Politician\" and \"Nuffin\' Doing\".
After The Roxy closed The Plague remained active, playing at the Institute of Psychiatry, Camberwell, and Toyah Willcox\'s club night \"Mayhem\". One outstanding gig at the Institute resulted in interest from CBS records.
## Early singles and career {#early_singles_and_career}
\"In Love\" (backed with \"Wimpy Bar Song\") was released on two independent labels in 1978: Psycho Records and Evolution Records. Despite Radio 1 airplay for \"In Love\" and its backing by John Peel.
It was reported by *Music Week* in the December 1, 1979 issue that Ben Nisbet\'s and Ronnie Beck\'s publishing company had placed the \"Wimpey Bar Song\" and other masters of The Plague with the Evolution label.
The Plague\'s second single \"Out With Me All Night\" (backed with \"Er!\" and \"I Don\'t Wanna Be Like Jimmy\") was released in 1979 to little success.
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